Dessie Dolan (born 11 July 1979) is an Irish Gaelic football manager who has been manager of the senior Westmeath county team since 2022.

He played for the Garrycastle club and for the Westmeath county team, as well as international rules football for Ireland. He won a Leinster Senior Football Championship medal with Westmeath in 2004 and was given an All Star at the end of the year. He was his county's highest championship scorer until John Heslin overtook him in the 2022 Tailteann Cup Final (for which Dolan was a selector).

Playing career

University
Dolan played football for NUI Galway while studying at the team's parent university. He was unable to play during the 2003 Sigerson Cup winning game as a result of a torn hamstring sustained during the quarter-final.

Inter-county
Dolan has been widely regarded as Westmeath's leading talisman throughout their ascension from GAA minnows to quality opposition. Despite the growth and promise demonstrated in their 1999 U21 All Ireland victory, Westmeath experienced their most successful GAA period of their history between 2001–2008.

Largely due to virtually unmatchable talent in attack, Westmeath forced their way into GAA pundits' heads as upsetters and sometimes favourites. Two Division 2 league titles spearheaded by Dolan's attacking prowess and eventually, in 2004, Championship success in winning a Leinster Senior Football Championship title finally showed the squad's promise.

Westmeath reached three All-Ireland Senior Football Championship quarter-finals since the revamped championship system of 2001, with Dolan starring each season (2001, 2004, 2006).

In 2013, Dolan expressed concern about the gulf in class that had opened up between the Dublins and Westmeaths.

In summer of 2014, Dolan announced his retirement from inter-county football following the subsequent exit to Cavan.

Club
At club level Dolan won numerous underage titles and back-to-back senior titles in 2005 and 2006 with club, Garrycastle.

His last competitive game was a Leinster Senior Club Football Championship semi-final defeat to Ballyboden St Enda's in November 2019.

International rules
Dolan was regularly selected for the Ireland international rules football team until the series was suspended in 2006.

Managerial career
Dolan was appointed manager of the Westmeath senior football team on 21 September 2022.

Other interests

In 2017 Dolan and his wife Kelly participated in an episode of Room to Improve, series 10, episode 3, 'Moate'.

Dolan participated in a marketing campaign for Ireland West Airport Knock.

He currently works as a pundit on The Sunday Game.

Honours
Garrycastle
Leinster Senior Club Football Championship (1): 2011
Westmeath Senior Football Championship (8): 2001, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2019
Westmeath Division 1 Leagues (8): 2001, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2018, 2019
Westmeath Intermediate Football Championship (1): 1997

Westmeath
Leinster Senior Football Championship (1): 2004
National Football League, Division 2 (3): 2001, 2003, 2008
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1999
Leinster Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1999, 2000

Individual
All Star (1): 2004

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120213141318/http://www.garrycastlegaa.com/clubhistory.html

1979 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Galway
Donegal Boston Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football forwards
Gaelic games commentators
Garrycastle Gaelic footballers
Irish international rules football players
Irish schoolteachers
University of Galway Gaelic footballers
Westmeath inter-county Gaelic footballers
Broadcasters from County Westmeath


Nicotiana obtusifolia, or desert tobacco, is a plant native to the southwestern United States (from California to Utah to Texas) and Mexico.

It is a woody perennial herb growing up to about  in maximum height. The leaves have blades up to  long, the lower ones borne on short petioles, the upper ones smaller and clasping the stem. The funnel-shaped flower is white or green-tinged, its tubular throat up to  long. Its native habitats include sandy areas and washes.

References

External links
Calflora Database: Nicotiana obtusifolia (desert tobacco)
Jepson eFlora treatment of Nicotiana obtusifolia
Nicotiana obtusifolia — CalPhotos archive gallery

obtusifolia
North American desert flora
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of California
Flora of Baja California
Flora of Hidalgo (state)
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of Puebla
Flora of Sonora
Flora of Texas
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert
Flora of the Great Basin
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Natural history of the Colorado Desert
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


William Hitchman (November 18, 1830 – 1900) was an American politician.

Life
He was born on November 18, 1830, in Pearl Street in New York City, the son of a livery stable keeper. He was apprenticed to carriage painter James Flynn, in Eighty-sixth Street near Third Avenue. He joined the 45 Engine Company as a runner, and got his certificate when he was twenty-one years old. His comrades elected him secretary. Carriage painting injured his health and he abandoned this trade, to become a policeman instead. He became a lieutenant, and held this rank in the 19th Ward when the fight between the Municipal and Metropolitan Departments began. Resigning from the force, he entered United States Weigher Dennis McCarthy's office as clerk, and remained there about a year.

He was a friend of Boss William Tweed who launched him on his political career. From 1859 to 1867, he was engrossing clerk of the Board of Aldermen with a desk at the City Library. In 1860, he was elected a member of the Board of School Trustees of the 19th Ward, and served for two terms. At the close of his second term, he was chosen School Commissioner. In 1861, he was elected a member of the Tammany Hall General Committee, and in 1863 became its secretary. In 1864 he was made a trustee of the Fire Department.

He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1867–68.

He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 21st D.) in 1868, 1869, 1870 and 1871; and was Speaker in 1868, 1870 and 1871.

In 1870, when the "Tweed Charter" reorganized the Metropolitan Fire Department, he became president of the Board of Fire Commissioners.

After Tweed's fall, he joined the County Democracy, a faction of the Democratic Party opposed to John Kelly.

In 1887, he was arrested as an insane person and taken to Bellevue Hospital.

Sources
 His arrest in NYT on October 24, 1887
 Meeting of the Anti-Kelly faction in NYT on January 17, 1882
 The new Fire Commissioners, in NYT on May 1, 1870
 Bio at History of New York Fire Department
 Bio in Life Sketches of Executive Officers, and Members of the Legislature of the State of New York by H. H. Boone & Theodore P. Cooke (Weed, Parsons & Co, Albany NY, 1870)

1830 births
1900 deaths
Speakers of the New York State Assembly
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Politicians from Manhattan
19th-century American politicians


The following is a list of ecoregions in Morocco, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF). This list does not include the ecoregions of Western Sahara (see List of ecoregions in Western Sahara).

Terrestrial ecoregions

Palearctic

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
 Mediterranean woodlands and forests
 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets

Temperate coniferous forests
 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests

Montane grasslands and shrublands
 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe

Deserts and xeric shrublands
 North Saharan steppe and woodlands

Freshwater ecoregions
 Permanent Maghreb
 Temporary Maghreb

Marine ecoregions
 Alboran Sea
 Saharan Upwelling

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Ecoregions of Morocco
Morocco
Ecoregions


Gorinchem is a railway station in the town of Gorinchem, Netherlands. It is on the MerwedeLingelijn. It was opened on 1 December 1883. Train services are operated by Qbuzz.

The original railway building was built to look like Sneek railway station, a building type known in Dutch as "Standaardtype Sneek". The current railway building, designed by Cees Douma, was opened in 1971, and the old building was demolished.

Train service
The station is served by the following services:
2x per hour local services (stoptrein) Dordrecht - Gorinchem - Geldermalsen
2x per hour local services (stoptrein) Dordrecht - Gorinchem

Bus services
The following bus services stop at Station Gorinchem:

47, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 121, 181, 228, 230, 231, 387, 674, 701, 705

Destinations by Bus include:

Geldermalsen, Leerdam, Gelkenes, Giessenburg, Giessen-Oudekerk, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Hardinxveld, Sliedrecht, Utrecht, Arkel, Gorinchem Town

For more information on the routes see

External links
Qbuzz website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Railway stations in South Holland
Railway stations opened in 1883
Railway stations on the Merwede-Lingelijn
Gorinchem
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1880s


The 1992 United States Senate election in South Carolina was held on November 3, 1992. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Fritz Hollings won reelection to his sixth (his fifth full) term. Apart from Hollings's first election to the Senate in 1966, this was the closest election of Hollings's Senate career.

Republican primary

Candidates
 Thomas F. Hartnett, former U.S. Representative from the 1st congressional district
 Charlie E. Thompson, teacher

General election

Candidates

Major
 Thomas Hartnett (R), former U.S. Representative
 Fritz Hollings (D), incumbent U.S. Senator

Minor
 Robert Clarkson (American)
 Mark Johnson (Libertarian)

Campaign
The race between Hollings and Hartnett was between two politicians from the Lowcountry.  Hartnett attacked Hollings for co-sponsoring a bill in 1983 that would have outlawed discrimination against homosexuals and Hollings shot back about questions of Hartnett's integrity for pushing for military contracts with a firm he had ties with in North Charleston.  The anti-incumbency mood helped to bring Hartnett close to topping Hollings in the general election, but South Carolina voters traditionally support their incumbent politicians and Hollings was elected for another six-year term, albeit with a much reduced margin.

Results

|-
|
 | colspan=5 |Democratic hold
|-

See also
 List of United States senators from South Carolina
 1992 United States Senate elections

References

1992
South Carolina
1992 South Carolina elections


12-Crown-4, also called 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane and lithium ionophore V, is a crown ether with the formula C8H16O4. It is a cyclic tetramer of ethylene oxide which is specific for the lithium cation.

Synthesis
12-Crown-4 can be synthesized using a modified Williamson ether synthesis, using LiClO4 as a templating cation:

 (CH2OCH2CH2Cl)2 + (CH2OH)2 + 2 NaOH → (CH2CH2O)4 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

It also forms from the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous boron trifluoride.

Properties

Like other crown ethers, 12-crown-4 complexes with alkali metal cations. The cavity diameter of 1.2-1.5 Å gives it a high selectivity towards the lithium cation (ionic diameter 1.36 Å)

Its point group is S4. The dipole moment of 12-crown-4 varies with solvent and temperature. At 25 °C, the dipole moment of 12-crown-4 was determined as 2.33 ± 0.03 D in cyclohexane and 2.46 ± 0.01 D in benzene.

References

 Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals, 2007, page 768.
 Sigma-Aldrich Cyclic tetramer of ethylene oxide which is specific for the lithium cation. 98%, 2018

See also
Crown ether
Cyclen, a similar molecule with N atoms (aza groups) instead of O atoms (ethers)

Crown ethers
Twelve-membered rings


John Francis Rigaud  (18 May 1742 – 6 December 1810) was an eighteenth-century history, portrait, and decorative painter. Of French descent, he was born in Turin and spent most of his career in England.

Early life
Rigaud was born in Turin on 18 May 1742 and baptised on 9 September. He was the second son of James Dutilh or Rigaud and Jeanne Françoise Guiraudet. His father came from a family of Protestant merchants; his grandfather Jacques Dutilh had fled from Lyon to Geneva with his family after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Jacques died on the journey, and his widow assumed her maiden name—Rigaud—by which the family became known. John had a brother Jacques Etienne Rigaud born 16 Jan 1741 and died 7 Mar 1767 at Turin.

Having demonstrated an artistic ability, Rigaud studied with Claudio Francesco Beaumont of Turin, historical painter to the king of Sardinia. He left Beaumont to travel Italy and study  painting in Florence and in Bologna, where he was made a member of the Accademia Clementina in 1766. He then travelled to Rome, but had to return home due to family considerations. In January 1768, he set off once again, this time to Piacenza, Parma, Bologna, and then, once again, to Rome. He settled there and studied the city's art, particularly the old masters, and participated in life-drawing schools. There he produced what the Dictionary of National Biography describes as "one of his most important works": Hercules Resting from his Labours. While in Rome, Rigaud became friends with the Swedish sculptor Johan Tobias Sergel and the Irish painter James Barry.

London
In April 1770, he and Barry travelled together to Florence, Bologna, and Turin. Rigaud then spent a short time in Paris before leaving for London in December 1771. He exhibited his Hercules at the Royal Academy in 1772 and was elected an associate of the Academy in the same year. Also in 1772 he lodged at Mr. Luther's, 20 Frith Street (now no. 25), Soho.

While Rigaud consistently exhibited paintings at the Royal Academy – showing a total of 155 works there between 1772 and 1815 –  "his most lucrative and engrossing employment was decorative painting for the town and country houses of the nobility, including Lord Gower, Lord Sefton, and the Earl of Aylesford".  Some of his exhibits at the Academy were studies for ceiling paintings, and in 1797 he showed three works described as "specimen[s] of fresco painting on Portland stone. The architect William Chambers offered him work in London at Melbourne House in Piccadilly (1772 and 1774) and at Somerset House (1780). He also helped decorate the common council chamber of the Guildhall in London (1794) and Trinity House (1796). According to the Dictionary of National Biography, all these works were "executed in the fashionable Italian style of G. B. Cipriani and Biagio Rebecca, being mostly classical figures and imitations of bas-reliefs". His works at the Guildhall, representing "Providence", "Innocence", "Wisdom"  and "Happiness" were painted at the expense of Alderman John Boydell. They did not last: a guidebook to the building, published in 1819, recorded that "these Paintings never dried perfectly and turned black. They exist no longer..."

Rigaud also produced history paintings, such as Entry of the Black Prince into London with his Royal Prisoner (1775), and several works for the galleries of Thomas Macklin and Robert Bowyer, and for the Shakespeare Gallery of John Boydell in the late 1780s. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, "his historical paintings were not well received". He was also commissioned to paint two religious works: a Descent from the Cross for the Roman Catholic Sardinian Embassy Chapel in London in 1780 and a fresco of the Ascension for the newly rebuilt church of St Martin Outwich in 1797. This last painting soon fell into a poor condition and was destroyed during alterations to the building in 1827.
 His "descent from the Cross" painted in 1780 is now visible in the Church of St Anselm and St Cecilia which was built after the destruction of the Sardinian Embassy Chapel during the Gordon riots.

Rigaud was also a portrait painter, and painted a group portrait of the artists Francesco Bartolozzi, Agostino Carlini, and Giovanni Battista Cipriani in 1777 and another of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Sir William Chambers, and Joseph Wilton in 1782. He also painted a series of naval heroes, including Lord Nelson. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, his portraits "tend to be strongly characterized and boldly conceived, even occasionally eccentric".

On 10 February 1784 Rigaud was formally elected to the Royal Society, with Samson Breaking his Bands as his diploma work. In 1795, he was appointed historical painter to Gustavus IV of Sweden and was made a member of the Royal Academy of Stockholm. However, after 1800, according to the Dictionary of National Biography, his career as a painter seems to have declined. He translated Leonardo da Vinci's  A Treatise on Painting (1802) and he restored painted decorations such as those in Greenwich Hospital and Montague House.

Family

Rigaud married Mary Williams (1740? – 1808) on 21 July 1774. They had three daughters and one son, Stephen Francis Dutilh Rigaud, who also became a painter. After his wife's death, Rigaud lived with his son.

Death
He died from apoplexy on 6 December 1810 at Packington Hall in Warwickshire and was buried in St James' Church, Great Packington.

Notes

Bibliography
Cust, L. H. and Martin Myrone. "John Francis Rigaud" DNB. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved on 2 February 2008.

External links

18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English portrait painters
1742 births
1810 deaths
History painters
Royal Academicians
19th-century English male artists
18th-century English male artists


The Hillsborough City School District is a public school district in Hillsborough, California, United States. Currently, the district serves over 1530 students who live in the town of Hillsborough.

History
In 1850, Hillsborough opened its first classroom within George Howard's home to educate six enrolled students.  In 1917, South Hillsborough School was built to serve students within grades K–8. It serves the whole town as the only middle school. It currently enrolls about 550 students in grades sixth, seventh and eighth. North and West Hillsborough Schools were built in the early 1950s to accommodate the growth within the town.  William H. Crocker Middle School opened in 1959.  After the passage of the Measure B bond in 2002, each of the Hillsborough schools were renovated and modernized.

Schools
There are four schools within the Hillsborough City School District: three elementary schools and one middle school.
William H. Crocker Middle School
North Hillsborough Elementary School
South Hillsborough Elementary School
West Hillsborough Elementary School

References

External links

School districts in San Mateo County, California
1850 establishments in California
School districts established in 1850


The Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM), one of many topics named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a direct transcription method for discretizing a continuous optimal control problem into a nonlinear program  (NLP). The Gauss pseudospectral method differs from several other pseudospectral methods  in that the dynamics are not collocated at either endpoint of the time interval.  This collocation, in conjunction with the proper approximation to the costate, leads to a set of KKT conditions that are identical to the discretized form of the first-order optimality conditions. This equivalence between the KKT conditions and the discretized first-order optimality conditions leads to an accurate costate estimate using the KKT multipliers of the NLP.

Description
The method is based on the theory of orthogonal collocation where the collocation points (i.e., the points at which the optimal control problem is discretized) are the Legendre–Gauss (LG) points.  The approach used in the GPM is to use a Lagrange polynomial approximation for the state that includes coefficients for the initial state plus the values of the state at the N LG points.  In a somewhat opposite manner, the approximation for the costate (adjoint) is performed using a basis of Lagrange polynomials that includes the final value of the costate plus the costate at the N LG points.  These two approximations together lead to the ability to map the KKT multipliers of the nonlinear program (NLP) to the costates of the optimal control problem at the N LG points PLUS the boundary points.  The costate mapping theorem that arises from the GPM has been described in several references including two PhD theses and journal articles that include the theory along with applications

Background
Pseudospectral methods, also known as orthogonal collocation methods, in optimal control arose from spectral methods which were traditionally used to solve fluid dynamics problems.  Seminal work in orthogonal collocation methods for optimal control problems date back to 1979 with the work of Reddien and some of the first work using orthogonal collocation methods in engineering can be found in the chemical engineering literature. More recent work in chemical and aerospace engineering have used collocation at the Legendre–Gauss–Radau (LGR) points. Within the aerospace engineering community, several well-known pseudospectral methods have been developed for solving optimal control problems such as the Chebyshev pseudospectral method (CPM) the Legendre pseudospectral method (LPM) and the Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM). The CPM uses Chebyshev polynomials to approximate the state and control, and performs orthogonal collocation at the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto (CGL) points. An enhancement to the Chebyshev pseudospectral method that uses a Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature was developed. The LPM uses Lagrange polynomials for the approximations, and Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto (LGL) points for the orthogonal collocation. A costate estimation procedure for the Legendre pseudospectral method was also developed.  Recent work shows several variants of the standard LPM, The Jacobi pseudospectral method is a more general pseudospectral approach that uses Jacobi polynomials to find the collocation points, of which Legendre polynomials are a subset. Another variant, called the Hermite-LGL method uses piecewise cubic polynomials rather than Lagrange polynomials, and collocates at a subset of the LGL points.

See also
 APMonitor software for dynamic optimization
 PROPT - MATLAB (Gauss and Chebyshev) Optimal Control software with more than 110 examples.
 GPOPS-II: General Pseudospectral Optimal Control Software (peer-reviewed journal article that implements variable-order Gaussian quadrature collocation methods).
 JModelica.org (Modelica-based open source platform for dynamic optimization)

References and notes

Optimal control


Qasr (, plural qusur), from Latin castrum, may refer to:

Individual qusur and places named after a qasr

Particular types of qusur

Alcázar (cognate Spanish term; also Alcácer or Alcàsser)
Alcazar (disambiguation)
Desert castles, Umayyad qusur, whose names all have the form Qasr XY
Ksar (North African form of the word)


Hercules (also known as Hercules Action Game and as Disney's Action Game Featuring Hercules and Disney's Action Game Featuring Disney's Hercules in Europe) is a 1997 platform game based on the 1997 film of the same name. Versions were released for the PlayStation, Microsoft Windows, and Game Boy on July 3, 1997, in North America and on November 14, 1997, in Europe. In 2010, the PlayStation version was made available on the PlayStation Store.

Plot
The game follows the same storyline from the animated film. Hercules, son of Zeus, is stripped of his godhood and must prove that he is a true hero in order to regain his immortality, and join Zeus and the other gods on Mount Olympus. To do that, Hercules must pass several tasks and defeat many villains, and at the end, face Hades, ruler of the dead, who is also responsible for Hercules' losing of his immortality.

Gameplay
The game is mainly two-dimensional, although in many missions the player can walk to other planes via pathways or stairs. There are ten levels and three difficulty modes: Beginner, Medium, and Herculean. The last two levels are playable only on Medium and Herculean difficulties. There are three rush levels in the game in which the player must run forward through the map and avoid obstacles without being able to stop or fight.

The player's health can be increased by picking up Hercules Action Figures and drinking Herculade cups found throughout the game. The player's main weapon is the sword; Hercules can also punch, but this is a much more difficult way to defeat enemies. Weapon powerups, known as Gifts of the Gods, can be found throughout the game, consisting of the Lightning Sword (shoots lightning any direction Hercules aims when selected and fired), Fireball Sword (shoots fireballs that seek out onscreen enemies when selected and fired), and the Sonic Sword (affects enemy targets at close range with a circular sonic blast when selected and fired). There is also a helmet which grants the player a few seconds of invulnerability when activated. Powerups have limited action, and once their energy has depleted, they can no longer be used.

In many levels there are hidden letters that, if collected, will form the word HERCULES and will allow the player to spawn directly at the next level, instead of starting the game over from the beginning. There are also four hidden vases in each mission, that upon collection will give the player a password save for the current level. Most of the bosses cannot be defeated by conventional fighting and require the player to perform special actions to pass. Among the enemies that Hercules faces are Nessus the Centaur, the Minotaur, the Harpies, the Hydra, the Stymphalian birds, the Thebans, skeleton warriors, the Gorgon, Hades, several Titans, and a Cyclops.

Re-releases
The PlayStation version of the game was re-released by Majesco Sales in 1998 with an E rating (which replaced the ESRB's "Kids to Adults" rating the same year) and the words "Action Game" removed from the title.

The PlayStation version of the game was re-released as a PSOne Classic on the PlayStation Store on March 8, 2011. The PC version of the game was re-released on GOG.com on May 17, 2019 and Steam.

Reception

The game divided critics. Whether a review gave a positive or negative recommendation largely hinged on the reviewer's opinion of the game's use of stereotypical last generation gameplay with modern elements. GameSpot, for example, described Disney's Hercules as a sort of greatest hits of the "16-bit" Disney titles, incorporating the best elements of those games while still having enough advances to take it "to the 32-bit level", and accordingly concluded it to be a must-have. Dan Hsu of Electronic Gaming Monthly similarly said that "Hercules takes everything you liked from old side-scrolling classics and gives them a big 32-bit boost". On the other side, Next Generation said it "follows the style set out by every single side-scrolling action title of the 16-bit era, so much so in fact that it feels like a Genesis game: Walk from left to right, hacking at centaurs and other mythological creatures with a sword. It's all been done before, and done better as well". He noted that there were modern gameplay elements but found them to be largely superficial. GamePro similarly remarked: "The main problem is that we've all played this game before, just with different dressings".

Most critics applauded the game's mixture of polygons and sprites, both for the high quality of those elements and the way they were seamlessly integrated with each other. GamePro partially disagreed, citing severe pixelation, but acknowledged that the hand-drawn animation is impressive. The usage of music and voices from the film was also widely praised.

At the 1999 Milia festival in Cannes, Hercules took home a "Gold" prize for revenues above €15 million in the European Union during 1998.

Notes

References

External links

1997 video games
Game Boy games
Single-player video games
Disney video games
Disney Interactive
Platformers
PlayStation (console) games
Side-scrolling video games
Tiertex Design Studios games
Video games based on adaptations
Video games based on animated films
Video games based on Greek mythology
Video games scored by Steve Duckworth
Video games set in ancient Greece
Windows games
Eurocom games
Virgin Interactive games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
THQ games
Hercules (franchise)
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games about Heracles


Richard B. Wathen (June 26, 1917 – March 14, 2001) was an American politician, journalist, and author. He was a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives between 1973 and 1990.

Wathen was born in Jeffersonville, Indiana. He comes from a family of Kentucky Bourbon makers.  His father Otho H. Wathen, President of American Medicinal Spirits Company, and his brother Otho H. Wathen, Jr. were in the distilling business.  He attended Princeton University.  He received his law degree from Indiana University in 1942 and was admitted to the Indiana Bar.  As World War II was going on, joined the United States Navy as an officer serving on the aircraft carrier Guadalcanal (CVE-60).  He was part of the party that captured  on June 4, 1944 and received a Presidential Unit Citation.  He later rose to the rank of Commander.

While serving his country took Wathen away from home for many years, including a lot of time in Washington, upon his father's death in 1964, Wathen returned home to Jeffersonville, Indiana.  He practice law there for many years.   In addition to his service in the Indiana House of Representatives, Wathen once challenged Congressman Lee H. Hamilton but was not successful.

Wathen had three children one of whom also became an attorney.  Out of his seven grandchildren, Alexander B. Wathen, also followed the family calling and currently practices law in Texas.  One of Wathen's sons and one of his grandchildren also served in the military.

Wathen died on March 14, 2001, from throat cancer after a few months of illness.

Authored books
Cliffs of Fall (1958) (New Orleans, Publications Press) PS3545.A81 C6, 	 PZ4.W333 Cl
The Only Yankee (1970) (Chicago, Regnery Publishing) 73-124731
Wathen's Law: The Hang-Ups of a Politician (1981) (Chicago, Regnery Publishing)
Legislative history of Clark County, 1972-84  (1984) JS451.I69 C55 1984

External links
Indiana General Assembly
Indiana Lawyers in the Legislature
About American Medicinal Spirits Company
 Picture of Richard Wathen with visiting pages at the House of Representatives in Indianapolis in 1990.

1917 births
2001 deaths
Members of the Indiana House of Representatives
Princeton University alumni
20th-century American politicians


H92 may refer to:

Sikorsky S-92
, a G-class destroyer launched in 1935; sunk in 1940
, a R-class destroyer launched in 1942; de-commissioned in 1962


"Falling onto Mars" is a science fiction short story by Geoffrey A. Landis, published in 2002.  It won the 2003 Hugo Award for Best Short Story.

Plot summary
The story is told from the point of view of a great-great-grandchild of a prisoner exiled to Mars. The narrator gives a brief history of how prisoners came to be sent to Mars in the first place, and then tells the story of Jared Vargas and his wife Kayla.

References

External links

Science fiction short stories
2002 short stories
Hugo Award for Best Short Story winning works
Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Short stories set on Mars
Works by Geoffrey A. Landis


Saturdays = Youth is the fifth studio album by French electronic music band M83, released on 11 April 2008 by Virgin Records. The album was produced by Ken Thomas, with co-production by Ewan Pearson and M83 frontman Anthony Gonzalez.

The album yielded four singles: "Couleurs" in February 2008, "Graveyard Girl" in April, "Kim & Jessie" in July and "We Own the Sky" in December. "Kim & Jessie" was placed at number 256 on Pitchforks list of "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s" in August 2009.

As of October 2011, the album had sold 76,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Sales outside of France between 1 October 2011 and 30 September 2012 reached 152,300 copies, according to Le Bureau Export.

Critical reception

Saturdays = Youth received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 70, based on 29 reviews. Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club wrote that Saturdays=Youth "boasts a more expansive sense of space" than the band's previous albums, and opined "For all the awe kindled by the effectively perfect sound in a transcendent highlight like 'Kim & Jessie,' the real triumph is that M83 uses such a setting for more simple melody and emotion than ever before." Dave Hughes of Slant Magazine stated, "Although many songs still build toward walls of synth that flirt with white noise, the trademark crescendos are both leavened and deepened by being recast as textural objects and woven into lyrical pop songs." Brian Howe of Pitchfork noted that Saturdays=Youths songs "disperse in all directions: Producers Ewan Pearson and Ken Thomas spread the melodies and beats into a sound world of uncommon vibrancy and pristine clarity, mounted on a massive yet now more proportionate scale", adding that the album "meaningfully diversifies M83's catalog while retaining Gonzalez's indelible fingerprint." Drowned in Sounds Alex Denney commented that "Gonzales has taken a dive head-first into the lexicon of '80s pop culture and emerged with a clutch of winning tracks that borrow openly from any number of pin-ups of the era and glaze them in his breathy, expansive shoegaze sound his to generally winning effect." AllMusic reviewer Heather Phares concluded, "As super-stylized as its sounds and emotions are, Saturdays=Youth always seems genuine, even when it feels like its songs are made from the memories of other songs. For all of its nostalgic haze, it's some of M83's most focused music."

In a mixed review, Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian expressed that "[t]o call Saturdays=Youth derivative is to pay it a compliment, because every retro synth sounds calibrated to provide the maximum nostalgic rush—if not for your own adolescence, then at least for that of a poetic outcast in a John Hughes film", but noted that "[i]t's a shame the songwriting evaporates in a haze of rote shoe-gazing and ambient murmurs halfway through." Dan Raper of PopMatters felt that "it is a little disappointing that the point of Saturdays=Youth kind of misses the point. The more conventional 'song'-like material does have something of M83's stately grandeur but feels somewhat hollow, probably because the slow-burn's integral to the act's power." Benjamin Boles of Canadian newspaper Now believed that the album is "more derivative and familiar than Anthony Gonzalez's past work as M83, which means it's more accessible but also less innovative and original. All the dreamy, ethereal glitter drowns the songs; the album overall is mostly about texture and nostalgia." Spins Mosi Reeves was unimpressed, writing that "[o]nly a few compelling songs, particularly the lush darkwave instrumental 'Couleurs' and the breezy shoegaze rock of 'Graveyard Girl,' emerge from the bathos." Ben Hogwood of musicOMH found that "M83 still show plenty of guile and in their best moments present music of hidden power and grace. But in this record they seem to become too preoccupied with their 80s tribute for that to continually shine through."

Pitchfork ranked Saturdays = Youth at number eight on its list of "The 50 Best Albums of 2008" and at number 111 on its list of "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s". The album was also named the best album of 2008 by Drowned in Sound and Urban Outfitters.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Saturdays = Youth.

M83
 Anthony Gonzalez – vocals, keyboards, bass, guitars, piano
 Loïc Maurin – drums, percussion, guitar, bass, keyboards
 Morgan Kibby – vocals, piano, keyboards

Additional musicians
 Ewan Pearson – additional keyboards

Technical
 Ken Thomas – production, mixing
 Ewan Pearson – co-production, pre-production
 Anthony Gonzalez – co-production, pre-production, mixing
 Richard Matthews – recording assistance
 Jolyon Thomas – guitar technician
 Tom Bailey – mixing assistance

Artwork
 Anouck Bertin – sleeve photography
 Anthony Gonzalez – art direction
 Paul A. Taylor – art direction assistance
 Louise Downer – artwork design

Charts

Release history

References

2008 albums
Albums produced by Ken Thomas (record producer)
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios
M83 (band) albums
Mute Records albums
Virgin Records albums


William Thierry Preyer (4 July 1841 – 15 July 1897) was an English-born physiologist who worked in Germany.

Biography
Preyer was born in Rusholme at Manchester. He studied physiology and chemistry at Heidelberg, where he received his doctorate in 1862. In 1866 he earned his medical degree at the University of Bonn, and in 1869 succeeded Johann Nepomuk Czermak (1828-1873) as professor of physiology at the University of Jena. At Jena he was also director of the Physiology Institute. His students included Argentinian Roberto Wernicke.

Preyer was a founder of scientific child psychology, and a pioneer in regards to research of human development based on empirical observation and experimentation. He was inspired by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gustav Fechner’s work in psychophysics.

He authored Die Seele des Kindes (The soul of the child) in 1882. This was a landmark book on developmental psychology written as a rigorous case study of his own daughter’s development, including observational records. It was translated to English in 1888. He was also the author of another landmark book on developmental physiology titled Specielle Physiologie des Embryo (Special physiology of the embryo). Both works laid a foundation in their respective disciplines for future study of modern human development.

At Jena, Preyer introduced experimental-scientific training methods into his lectures, and also created seminars in the field of physiology. Today, the "William Thierry Preyer Award" is issued by the European Society on Developmental Psychology for excellence in research of human development.

Works

 De haemoglobino observationes et experimenta. dissertation, (University of Bonn) 1866.
 Die Blutkrystalle. Jena 1871 - The "blood crystal".
 Naturwissenschaftliche Thatsachen und Probleme. Paetel, Berlin, 1880 - Scientific facts and problems.
 Die Entdeckung des Hypnotismus. Dargestellt von W. Preyer … Nebst einer ungedruckten Original-Abhandlung von Braid in Deutscher Uebersetzung. Berlin: Paetel, 1881 - The discovery of hypnotism. represented by W. Preyer ... Also an unpublished original essay by James Braid in German translation.
 Die Seele des Kindes: Beobachtungen über die geistige Entwicklung des Menschen in den ersten Lebensjahren. Grieben, Leipzig, 1882 - The soul of the child: observations on the mental development of man in the first years of life.
 Der Hypnotismus. Ausgewählte Schriften von J. Braid. Deutsch herausgegeben von W. Preyer. Berlin: Paetel, 1882. - Hypnotism. Selected writings of James Braid. German edition by W. Preyer.
 Elemente der allgemeinen Physiologie: Kurz und leichtfasslich. Grieben, Leipzig, 1883 - Elements of general physiology.
 Der Hypnotismus: Vorlesungen gehalten an der K. Friedrich-Wilhelm’s-Universität zu Berlin, von W. Preyer. Nebst Anmerkungen und einer nachgelassenen Abhandlung von Braid aus dem Jahre 1845. Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1890 - Hypnotism: lectures held at the University of Berlin by W. Preyer; in addition to notes and an unpublished memoir by James Braid in 1845.
 Zur Psychologie des Schreibens: Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf individuelle Verschiedenheiten der Handschriften. Hamburg: Voss, 1895

References

Bibliography
 VL People Biographical Information, William Thierry Preyer
 History of Psychology at Jena
 List of publications copied from an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

External links

German physiologists
1841 births
1897 deaths
German psychologists
University of Bonn alumni
British emigrants to Germany
Academic staff of the University of Jena
People involved with the periodic table


15-Crown-5 is a crown ether with the formula (C2H4O)5.  It is a cyclic pentamer of ethylene oxide that forms complex with various cations, including sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+); however, it is complementary to Na+ and thus has a higher selectivity for Na+ ions.

Synthesis
15-Crown-5 can be synthesized using a modified Williamson ether synthesis:

(CH2OCH2CH2Cl)2 + O(CH2CH2OH)2 + 2 NaOH → (CH2CH2O)5 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

It also forms from the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous boron trifluoride.

Properties
Analogous to 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5 binds to sodium ions.  Thus, when treated with this complexing agent, sodium salts often become soluble in organic solvents.

First-row transition metal dications fit snugly inside the cavity of 15-crown-5.  They are too small to be included in 18-crown-6. The binding of transition metal cations results in multiple hydrogen-bonded interactions from both equatorial and axial aqua ligands, such that highly crystalline solid-state supramolecular polymers can be isolated. Metal salts isolated in this form include Co(ClO4)2, Ni(ClO4)2, Cu(ClO4)2, and Zn(ClO4)2. Seven coordinate species are most common for transition metal ions complexes of 15-crown-5, with the crown ether occupying the equatorial plane, along with 2 axial aqua ligands.

15-crown-5 has also been used to isolate salts of oxonium ions. For example, from a solution of tetrachloroauric acid, the oxonium ion  has been isolated as the salt . Neutron diffraction studies revealed a sandwich structure, which shows a chain of water with remarkably long O-H bond (1.12 Å) in the acidic proton, but with a very short OH•••O distance (1.32 Å).

A derivative of 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5, has been used to produce anionic complexes of carbido ligands as their  salts:

See also
 Host guest chemistry
 Phase transfer catalyst

References

Further reading

External links
 ChemicalLand21.com
 www.ChemBlink.com

Crown ethers


Fortunes of War is a 1987 BBC television adaptation of Olivia Manning's cycle of novels Fortunes of War. It stars Kenneth Branagh as Guy Pringle, lecturer in English Literature in Bucharest during the early part of the Second World War, and Emma Thompson as his wife Harriet. Kenneth Branagh and Emma Thompson met filming the TV series and married in real life. Other cast members included Ronald Pickup, Robert Stephens, Alan Bennett, Philip Madoc and Rupert Graves.

Cast
 Emma Thompson as Harriet Pringle
 Kenneth Branagh as Guy Pringle
 Charles Kay as Dobson
 Mark Drewry as Dubedat
 Ronald Pickup as Prince Yakimov
 Alan Bennett as Lord Pinkrose
 Harry Burton as Sasha Drucker
 Rupert Graves as Simon Boulderstone
 James Villiers as Inchcape
 Robert Stephens as Castlebar
 Greg Hicks as Aidan Pratt
 Ciaran Madden as Angela Hooper
 Diana Hardcastle as Edwina Little
 Claire Oberman as Mortimer
 Esmond Knight as Liversage
 Michael Cochrane as Clifford
 Richard Clifford as Lawson
 Caroline Langrishe as Bella Niculesco
 Christopher Strauli as Toby Lush
 Desmond McNamara as Galpin
 Philip Madoc as Freddi von Flugel
 Peter Tilbury as Alan Frewen

Episodes

The Balkans: September 1939
Newlyweds Guy and Harriet Pringle arrive in Bucharest, as does the impoverished Prince Yakimov, who takes a temporary job as a journalist on a British paper to save himself from destitution. Harriet is introduced to her fellow expatriates (making friends with the middle-class Bella, who has married a wealthy local man) and to Guy's Romanian friend and admirer Sophie. Their happy life is interrupted by the assassination of the Romanian prime minister Călinescu and Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland. Rumours fly of a German invasion of Romania and Guy, though absorbed in his work and organising social events, takes steps to protect the family of a Jewish student of his, Sasha Drucker, from the anti-semitic Romanian regime.

Romania: January 1940
Commander Sheppey holds a clandestine meeting to plot against the authorities. Guy feels guilty about not being on active service and is determined to do something productive. When he cancels a lunch arrangement with Harriet, she is worried about his whereabouts. Clarence Lawson, a colleague of Guy, happily entertains a lonely Harriet. Concern for Sasha Drucker and his family intensifies when they go missing. Harriet takes in a stray cat. When Guy and Harriet spend a weekend in the mountains, the feckless Yakimov is left looking after their flat, with tragic consequences. Guy has ambitious plans to stage a production of Troilus and Cressida but casting causes dissent. During the after-show celebration, the British envoy Dobson makes a disturbing announcement about the political situation. Harriet and Guy find Sasha Drucker, who is now in desperate need of their assistance.

Romania: June 1940
The fascist Iron Guard increase their power and the British fall out of favour with the Romanians. Sasha remains in hiding at the Pringles' home and becomes friends with Harriet. Sophie attempts to lure Guy to her apartment and he finally sees through her. Another expatriate, Toby Lush, arrives looking for a job at the university. Yakimov puts his life at risk for the sake of a good meal and a bottle of wine. When Dobson announces that the British Legation recommends that everyone should return home, he receives a mixed reaction. As a result of Yakimov's impropriety, Guy finds himself a wanted man. Harriet attends Sasha's father's trial but has difficulty giving a true account of events. Tension mounts as the fascists take over, and the Pringles, with the help of Clarence Lawson, try to smuggle Sasha out to safety. In the midst of chaos, British academic Lord Pinkrose arrives to give a lecture on Byron. As the violence escalates, the expats plan their escape routes.

Greece: October 1940
A despondent Harriet arrives in Athens, where she is overjoyed to see Yakimov at a cafe. They find employment at the British Information Office but when Pinkrose begins to work there, the mood turns sour. Harriet meets a young soldier, Charles Warden, who is quite taken with her. She considers having an affair with him but as she is going to his hotel room on the final afternoon before he must leave, she sees Sasha Drucker on the stairs. Sasha is convinced that the Pringles turned him in; Harriet assures him they did not. The delay makes her think better of her relationship with Warden. Guy applies for a lecturing post at the English School but is dismayed to find he is not the first in the queue. When Athens comes under enemy fire, Yakimov lights a cigarette outside during the blackout and is shot dead by a sentry.  The remaining group leaves Athens for Cairo by sea.

Egypt: April 1941
After their unceremonious arrival in Cairo, Guy and Harriet are forced to stay in an old brothel. Guy struggles to find work when it emerges that an old adversary is in charge of the English School. When Guy has to go to Alexandria, Harriet moves into 'Garden City' with Dobson. A naive young officer, Simon Boulderstone, goes in search of his brother Hugo and befriends Harriet. Harriet is also introduced to eccentric Mr Liversage, flirtatious Edwina and authoritative Mr Clifford. Harriet and Simon visit the Giza and Djoser pyramids with Liversage and Clifford and climb them together. Harriet warns a naive Simon that the Egyptians dislike the British because the British have exploited them for years for control of the Suez Canal. Simon doesn't understand until he, Harriet and Mortimer, a female soldier, visit a live sex show, at which he is disgusted. Harriet and Simon also meet the Hoopers, a rich couple whose son has just been killed by a land mine. The Germans close in and Simon must go off to fight.

Egypt: September 1942
To help Simon recover from the death of his brother, he is taken under the wing of those at 'Garden City'. Guy is enthusiastic about two new teachers he has employed. Simon becomes a hero in a desert skirmish and is promoted to liaison officer. Angela Hooper leaves her husband and takes up with Bill Castlebar, a poet and married man. When his wife Mona returns, Angela and Harriet go to Luxor. However, there is an outbreak of cholera and Angela leaves. Harriet stays and sees Aiden Pratt, a young officer who was once a great actor in London. She thinks he is in love with her because he implores her and Guy to come and visit him in Damascus. He also tells her a horrific story of his time on an ocean liner after he declared himself a conscientious objector to the war. The ship was torpedoed and all the evacuated children died. He then decided to fight. Lord Pinkrose is determined to give his lecture on Byron, and Guy arranges it. Some Egyptian nationalists confuse him with another English aristocrat and shoot him at the podium. Harriet contracts dysentery when she comes back from Luxor and has to stay in hospital for several weeks. Guy pays her little attention and continues rehearsing his newest play. Harriet decides to go back to England. Simon is being driven to his new post when the Jeep stops at a WC and his driver is killed by a hidden mine. Simon's legs are temporarily paralysed as a result of the accident. Harriet leaves Guy at the zoo to get on the boat alone, but at the last minute sees Mortimer and begs her to take her to Damascus. The episode ends with Dobson reading that the boat Harriet was supposed to be on was torpedoed and there were no survivors.

The Middle East: January 1943
As Guy struggles to cope with his presumed loss of Harriet, Simon Boulderstone starts his painful and slow road to recovery. Harriet makes a new friend and rediscovers old ones as she takes in the sights of Damascus, whilst Aiden Pratt's feelings of rejection by Guy bring about unhappy consequences; Aiden is a closet homosexual. Harriet, discovering that Guy thinks her dead, is rushed back to Egypt by Bill Castlebar. On their return, Castlebar collapses and dies later in hospital; Angela is desolate when Bill's wife takes on the funeral arrangements.  Harriet and Guy are reunited and they and Simon climb the pyramids together.

Awards

Wins
BAFTAs 1988
Best Actress – Emma Thompson (jointly for this series and "Tutti Frutti").
Best Costume Design – Christine Rawlins
Best Design – Tim Harvey

Nominations
BAFTAs 1988
Best Actor – Kenneth Branagh (For the episode "The Lady's Not for Burning".)
Best Drama Series – Betty Willingale and James Cellan Jones
Best Film Editor – Tariq Anwar
Best Film Sound – Terry Elms, Ken Hains, Judith Robson and Kim Houldin
Best Make Up – Elizabeth Rowell
Best Original Television Music – Richard Holmes

References

External links
British Film Institute Screen Online

1987 British television series debuts
1987 British television series endings
BBC television dramas
World War II television drama series
1980s British drama television series
1980s British television miniseries
English-language television shows


A list of fiction set in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in whole or in part.

English

Novels
Lovers and Strangers by Joyce Marshall (1957)
The Meeting Point by Austin Clarke (1967)
Cabbagetown by Hugh Garner (1968)
The Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood (1969)
Cabbagetown Diary: A Documentary by Juan Butler (1970)
A Fine and Private Place by Morley Callaghan (1975)
The Engineer of Human Souls by Josef Škvorecký (1977, Translated 1984)
Life Before Man by Margaret Atwood (1979)
The Rebel Angels by Robertson Davies (1981)
The Martyrology Book 5 by bpNichol (1982)
Fables of Brunswick Avenue by Katherine Govier (1985)
What's Bred in the Bone by Robertson Davies (1985)
In the Skin of a Lion by Michael Ondaatje (1987)
Cat's Eye by Margaret Atwood (1988)
The Lyre of Orpheus by Robertson Davies (1988)
Born To Lose (novella and stories) by Trevor Clark (author) (1989)
Killshot by Elmore Leonard (1989)
A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving (1989)
Barking Dogs by Terence M. Green (1989)
Losing Joe's Place by Gordon Korman (1991)
Murther and Walking Spirits by Robertson Davies (1991)
Blood Price (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (1991)
No New Land by M. G. Vassanji (1991)
Blood Trail (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (1992)
Blood Lines (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (1993)
Blood Pact (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (1993)
Headhunter by Timothy Findley (1993)
The Robber Bride by Margaret Atwood (1993)
The Innocence of Age by Neil Bissoondath (1993)
The Cunning Man by Robertson Davies (1994)
How Insensitive by Russell Smith (1994)
Deadly by Nature by Meredith Andrew (1995)
The Terminal Experiment by Robert J. Sawyer (1995)
Moonlit Days and Nights by D. H. Toole (1995)
Alias Grace by Margaret Atwood (1996)
Fugitive Pieces by Anne Michaels (1996)
To Dance At The Palais Royale by Jane McNaughton (1996)
Blood Debt (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (1997)
Blue Limbo by Terence M. Green (1997)
Buying On Time by Antanas Sileika (1997)
Where She Has Gone by Nino Ricci (1997)
"1978" by Daniel Jones (1998)
Brown Girl in the Ring Nalo Hopkinson (1998)
Factoring Humanity by Robert J. Sawyer (1998)
Noise by Russell Smith (1998)
 Flyboy Action Figure Comes With Gasmask by Jim Munroe (1999)
A Witness to Life by Terence M. Green (1999)
Sanctuary & Other Stories by Jennifer Duncan (1999)
The Rules of Engagement by Catherine Bush (2000)
The Blind Assassin by Margaret Atwood (2000)
Calculating God by Robert J. Sawyer (2000)
Courage My Love by Sarah Dearing (2001)
Thirsty by Dionne Brand (2001)
Margery Looks Up by Meredith Andrew (2002)
Back Flip by Anne Denoon (2002)
Making a Killing by Warren Dunford (2002)
The Neanderthal Parallax by Robert J. Sawyer
Hominids (2002)
Humans (2003)
Hybrids (2003)
Cat's Crossing by Bill Cameron (2003)
 The Double by Philip Quinn  (2003)
Doctor Bloom's Story by Don Cole (2004)
Death in the Age of Steam by Mel Bradshaw (2004)
 An opening act of unspeakable evil by Jim Munroe (2004)
The City Man by Howard Ackler (2005)
Gently Down the Stream by Ray Robertson (2005)
What We All Long For by Dionne Brand (2005)
Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town by Cory Doctorow (2005)(available online)
The Secret Mitzvah of Lucio Burke by Steven Hayward (2005)
Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures by Vincent Lam
How Happy to Be by Katrina Onstad (2006)
Consolation by Michael Redhill (2006)
Blood Bank (Vicky Nelson, P.I.) by Tanya Huff (2008)
Girls Fall Down by Maggie Helwig (2008)
Barnacle Love by Anthony de Sa (2008)
Last Night in Twisted River by John Irving (2009)
 "The Carnivore" by Mark Sinnett (2009)
 Dragging The River by Trevor Clark (2009)
 Holding Still for as Long as Possible by Zoe Whittall (2009)
 The Charlie Salter mysteries by Eric Wright
 The Jane Yeats mystery series by Liz Brady
 Ghosted by Shaughnessy Bishop-Stall (2010)
 Old City Hall by Robert Rotenberg (2010)
 Love On The Killing Floor by Trevor Clark (2010)
 Six Metres of Pavement by Farzana Doctor (2011)
 The Guilty Plea by Robert Rotenberg (2011)
 Dawn at the Royal Star by Jeff Sinasac (2011)
 Stray Bullets by Robert Rotenberg (2012)
 Kicking the Sky by Anthony de Sa (2013)
 Stranglehold by Robert Rotenberg (2013)
 The Placebo Effect (Junction Chronicles) by David Rotenberg (2013)
 A Murder of Crows (Junction Chronicles) by David Rotenberg (2013)
 Dream Caster by Najeev Raj Nadarajah (2013)
 The Glass House (Junction Chronicles) by David Rotenberg (2014)
 The Cheese Stealer's Handbook by Shoshaku Jushaku (2014)
 Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel (2014)
 Fifteen Dogs by André Alexis (2015)
 The Unquiet Dead by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2015)
 The Society of Experience by Matt Cahill (2015)
 The Hidden Keys by Andre Alexis (2016)
 Ghost Pains by Alan Michael Beau (2016)
 The Language of Secrets by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2016)
 Heart of the City by Robert Rotenberg (2017)
 Among the Ruins by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2017)
 A Death in Sarajevo by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2017)
 A Dangerous Crossing by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2018)
 The Grimoire of Kensington Market by Lauren B. Davis (2018)
 Bellevue Square by Michael Redhill (2017)
 Ayesha At Last by Uzma Jalaluddin (2018)
 The Testaments by Margaret Atwood (2019)
 A Deadly Divide by Ausma Zehanat Khan (2019)
 The Diamond Queen of Singapore by Ian Hamilton (2020) The Ava Lee Series
  The Bank Street Peeper by Erma Odrach (2021)
 Blood Like Magic by Liselle Sambury (2022)
 Blood Like Fate by Liselle Sambury (2022)

Graphic novels
Jellaby: Monster in the City by Kean Soo (2009)
Scott Pilgrim by Bryan Lee O'Malley (2004–2010)
Skim by Mariko Tamaki (2008)

Short stories
Toronto Short Stories by Morris Wolfe and Douglas Daymond (1977)
Streets of Attitude: Toronto Stories by Cary Fagan and Robert MacDonald (1990)
"People One Knows: Toronto Stories" by Daniel Jones (1994)
This Ain't No Healing Town by Barry Callaghan (1995)
Canada Geese and Apple Chatney by Sasenarine Persaud (1998)
Concrete Forest by Hal Niedzviecki (1998)
Natasha and Other Stories by David Bezmozgis (2004)
Stone Mattress by Margaret Atwood (2014)
Immigrant City by David Bezmozgis (2019)
Frying Plantain by Zalika Reid-Benta (2019)
The Vinyl Cafe series by Stuart McLean
 1995 – Stories from the Vinyl Cafe
 1996 – When We Were Young: A Collection of Canadian Stories
 1998 – Home from the Vinyl Cafe
 2001 – Vinyl Cafe Unplugged
 2003 – Vinyl Cafe Diaries
 2005 – Stories from the Vinyl Cafe 10th Anniversary Edition
 2006 – Secrets from the Vinyl Cafe
 2006 – Dave Cooks the Turkey
 2009 – Extreme Vinyl Café
 2010 – The Vinyl Cafe Notebooks
 2012 – Revenge of The Vinyl Cafe
 2013 – Time Now For The Vinyl Cafe Story Exchange
 2015 – Vinyl Cafe Turns the Page

TV series
 Airwaves
 Alias Grace
 The Arrow
 The Associates
 Being Erica
 Billable Hours
 Bitten
 Blood Ties
 Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures
 Blue Murder
 The Border
 Captain Flamingo
 The City
 Connor Undercover
 Cracked
 Da Kink in My Hair
 Degrassi, including:
 The Kids of Degrassi Street
 Degrassi Junior High
 Degrassi High
 Degrassi: The Next Generation
 Degrassi: Next Class
 The Detail
 Diamonds
 Dino Dan
 Dino Dana
 Drop the Beat
 E.N.G.
 Flashpoint
 Forever Knight
 Frankie Drake Mysteries
 The Great Detective
 Hangin' In, 1981–1987
 The Indian Detective
 King
 Kim's Convenience
 King of Kensington, 1975–1980
 Kenny vs. Spenny
 Life With Derek
 Liberty Street
 The Line
 The Listener
 Mary Kills People
 Material World
 Metropia
 Murdoch Mysteries
 The Next Step
 The Newsroom
 Nirvanna the Band the Show
 Once a Thief
 Orphan Black
 Our Hero
 Private Eyes
 Pure Pwnage
 Ransom
 Really Me
 ReGenesis
 Remedy
 Riverdale
 Rookie Blue
 Saving Hope
 Secret Millionaires Club
 Seeing Things
 Side Effects
 Straight Up
 Street Legal
 This Is Wonderland
 Total Drama Island
 Traders
 Train 48
 Twitch City
 Wojeck
 Workin' Moms
 The Zack Files

Film
 The Adjuster (1991)
 Ararat (2002)
 The Art of Woo (2001)
 Blood and Donuts (1995)
 Bon Cop, Bad Cop (2006)
 Breakfast with Scot (2007)
 Calendar (1993)
 Camilla(1994)
 Canadian Bacon (1995)
 Childstar (2004)
 Chloe (2009)
 Circle of Two (1981)
 Citizen Gangster (2011)
 Crash (1996)
 Dead Ringers (1988)
 Deadly Eyes (1982)
 Down the Road Again (2011)
 Dr. Cabbie (2014)
 Driven (2001)
 Enemy (2013)
 Every Day (2018)
 Exotica (1994)
 The F Word (2013)
 Foolproof (2003)
 Goin' Down the Road (1970)
 Going the Distance (2004)
 H (1990)
 Highpoint (1982)
 Hollywood North (2003)
 How She Move (2007)
 The Hurricane (1999)
 I've Heard the Mermaids Singing (1987)
 Ivory Tower (2010)
 Khaled (2001)
 The Kidnapping of the President (1980)
 Last Night (1998)
 Let's All Hate Toronto (2007)
 The Love Guru (2008)
 Monkey Warfare (2006)
 My Life Without Me (2003)
 Picture Day (2012)
 One Week (2008)
 Owning Mahowny (2003)
 Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010)
 The Silent Partner (1978)
 Sugar (2004)
 Take This Waltz (2011)
 This Movie Is Broken (2010)
 The Uncles (2000)
 Toronto Stories (2008)
 Turning Red (2022)
 Videodrome (1983)
 When Night Is Falling (1995)

Overviews
 Greg Gatenby's Toronto: A Literary Guide (McArthur, 1999) provides an encyclopaedic literary tour of Toronto places.
 Robert Fulford’s lecture from 1996 called: "The Invention of Toronto".
 Amy Lavender Harris' Imagining Toronto (Mansfield, 2010), a comprehensive study of literary representations of Toronto.

French

Novels
Du vieux vin dans des bouteilles neuves by Frederick J. A. Davidson (1926)
Ainsi parle la tour CN by Hédi Bouraoui (1999)
Toronto, je t’aime by Didier Leclair (2000)
Ce pays qui est le mien by Didier Leclair (2003)
69, rue de la Luxure by Paul-François Sylvestre (2004)
Déclic à Toronto by Mireille Messier (2004)
La première guerre de Toronto by Daniel Marchildon (2010)
Toronto (érotique gay) by Bravery (2012)
Tila à Toronto by Jean-Baptiste Mubalutila Mbizi (2013)
Les dragouilles T.16 : Les bleues de Toronto by Karine Gottot (2016)
À bientôt, Toronto ! by Louis Laforce (2021)

Chinese

Novels
 Sun Bo (孙博)，《男人三十》 (Nanren sanshi) (Men in 30s)。北京：文化艺术，2000.
 Yu Xi 余曦，《安大略湖畔》 (Andalue hupan) (The Shores of Lake Ontario)。北京：作家，2005.
 Zhang Ling 张翎，《邮购新娘》(Dougou xinniang) (Mail order wife) 北京：作家，2004.

Short stories
 Zhang Ling 张翎，《雁过澡溪》(Yan guo zaoxi) (四川成都：成都时代，2006.
 Zhang Ling 张翎，《盲约》(Mang yue)。广东广州：花城，2005.
 Zhang Ling 张翎，《尘世》(Chen shi) (The world of flesh)。广西南宁：广西人民，2004.

Hindi

Films
 Bollywood/Hollywood. Deepa Mehta, 2002.
 Kismat Konnection. Aziz Mirza, 2008.

Tamil

Films
 Arasangam (2008)

References
 Imagining Toronto
 Essential Toronto Reads, Reading Toronto

Toronto

Toronto-related lists


Fortunes of War may refer to:

Fortunes of War (novel series), a 1960 series by Olivia Manning
Fortunes of War (TV series), a 1987 television adaptation of the above
 Fortunes of War (film) a 1994 action film produced by and starring Matt Salinger
"Fortunes of War", a song by heavy metal band Iron Maiden from their 1995 album The X Factor
"Fortunes of War", a song by prog rock singer Fish from his 1994 album Suits


Rear-Admiral George Countess (1743–1811) was an officer of the British Royal Navy who saw extensive service in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Made captain in 1790, he was in command of HMS Charon in 1794 and witnessed the Glorious First of June from her, although she was not engaged as she was a hospital ship. In 1798, Countess was instrumental in hunting down the French squadron under Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart. This squadron was intending to invade Ireland, and it was only the perseverance of Countess in HMS Ethalion which led the squadron under Sir John Borlase Warren right to the French. Countess was heavily engaged at the victory of the Battle of Tory Island which followed and was given large financial rewards for this service. In 1799 he captured two French 18-gun privateers cruising off Ireland.

Countess was promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1809, but died in 1811. Point Countess in Alaska is named for him.

Notes

1743 births
1811 deaths
Royal Navy rear admirals
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars


Kenneth John Conant (June 28, 1894 – March 3, 1984) was an American architectural historian and educator, who specialized in medieval architecture. Conant is known for his studies of Cluny Abbey.

Career
Born in Neenah, Conant received a Bachelor of Arts in Fine Arts from Harvard University in 1915. He was considered the academic heir of Herbert Langford Warren, a teacher at Harvard, and through him, of the art historians Charles Eliot Norton and John Ruskin. He served in the 42nd Infantry Division of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I and was wounded in the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918. Conant later returned to Harvard. His dissertation on the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral was published as a monograph in 1926.

Conant's lifework was the study of the Cluny Abbey in France, which he excavated beginning in 1927, funded by his first of five separate Guggenheim Fellowships. He considered Cluny the preeminent accomplishment in all of architectural history.

Conant was an elected member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He taught architectural history at Harvard from 1924 to 1955, the year of his retirement.

Legacy
In 1916, Denman Ross painted a portrait of Conant, now in the Harvard Art Museums.

In 1940, a group of students, who studied under Conant, formed the Society of Architectural Historians under his influence.

References

External links
Mapping Gothic France profile

1894 births
1984 deaths
People from Neenah, Wisconsin
United States Army personnel of World War I
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American architectural historians
Harvard College alumni
Harvard University faculty
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
American male non-fiction writers
Historians from Wisconsin
Presidents of the Archaeological Institute of America
Members of the American Philosophical Society


The Jungle Book Groove Party (The Jungle Book Rhythm N'Groove in North America) is a music rhythm video game developed and published by Ubi Soft for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, and PlayStation 2. Featuring similar gameplay to the Dance Dance Revolution series, the game features characters and songs from Disney's film The Jungle Book (1967). The game was packaged with a dance pad.

Gameplay
The Jungle Book Groove Party loosely follows the story of The Jungle Book film, going through Mowgli's journey to the Man Village and the creatures he encounters along the way. The game is played in the style of Dance Dance Revolution with some differences, and can be played with either a standard controller or a dance pad. Arrows come down the top of the screen and the player must step on the corresponding arrow in time to the music. Missing arrows cause the fruit at the top of the screen to turn yellow and disappear, with the game ending if all pieces of fruit are lost. Power-ups can be activated by entering input commands in between arrows. These range from beneficial bonuses, such as point multipliers or automatically clearing arrows, to offensive items that hinder the opponent, such as blocking their view. The story mode takes Mowgli through nine levels, including two boss levels. The game also features a two-player mode allowing two players to battle against each other.

Songs
Some songs such as "The Bare Necessities" and "I Wan'na Be Like You" are from the original film; the new songs were written by Nicolas Maranda, who also arranged all the songs. A cover of "I Wan'na Be Like You" performed by German singer Lou Bega can be unlocked by playing through the game.

"The Jungle's No Place for a Boy" - performed by Bagheera
"Join the Ranks" - performed by Hathi and Junior
"The Bare Necessities" performed by Baloo
"Go Bananas in the Coconut Tree" performed by the Monkeys
"I Wan'na Be Like You" performed by King Louie
"A Mood for Food" - performed by Kaa
"We Are the Vultures" performed by the Vultures
"Run" performed by Shere Khan
"A Brand New Day" performed by Shanti
"I Wan'na Be Like You" performed by Lou Bega

Reception

The Jungle Book Groove Party received mixed reviews. Aggregating review website GameRankings and Metacritic gave the PlayStation 2 version 63.47% and 56/100. and the PlayStation version 58.00%.

References

External links
 The Jungle Book Groove Party Official Website (Archive)

2000 video games
2003 video games
2004 video games
Dance video games
Music video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation 2 games
The Jungle Book (Disney) video games
Ubisoft games
Disney video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games set in India
Video games developed in Canada


Helicopter Underwater Egress Training (also known as Helicopter Underwater Escape Training  ); often abbreviated as HUET, pronounced hue-wet, hue-way or you-way) is training provided to helicopter flight crews, offshore oil and gas industry, law enforcement personnel, and military personnel who are regularly transported by helicopters over water. As the name implies, the purpose of this training is to prepare passengers and crew for an emergency evacuation or egress in the event of a crash landing on water.

Overview
Typical HUET programs involve both a theoretical and practical component. The theoretical component provides personnel with information related to previous ditching events, the hazards of helicopter operations (e.g., main and tail rotors, engine exhausts, and external antenna locations), the available safety equipment carried on board the helicopter (external floatation devices, emergency egress lighting, crash attenuating seats) as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), and the procedures needed to safely operate the equipment. This theoretical component specifically outlines the three phases of a ditching (pre-impact, post-impact, and rescue) to ensure that individuals can complete tasks that will improve survivability. The practical component of the training provides the opportunity for individuals to physically complete the skills known to be important during underwater egress.

Theoretical component

Pre-impact
Pre-impact tasks include aspects of being physically and mentally prepared for the flight (e.g., adequate sleep, proper hydration and caloric intake, and dressing appropriately for the expected environmental conditions). The program identifies immediate actions (e.g., securing losses articles within close proximity, tightening of seat restrains including stowage of excess material, identification of primary and secondary exits, and brace positions) to be taken in the event of an in-flight emergency that requires the pilots to make a ditching. Priority is placed on the development of an appropriate brace position, as reports have identified that drowning is the most prevalent cause of death during a ditching; however, the pre-impact phase includes the preparation prior to arrival at a heliport and ends the moment that the helicopter touches the surface of the water. Pre-flight videos at the heliport are typically used to reenforce the information provided in the theoretical component of HUET programs.

Post-impact
Post-impact training addresses the steps need to evacuate from an upright fuselage into the water or a life raft as well as those needed to egress from an inverted and flooded cabin. This post-impact theory typically includes clear instructions about when and how the evacuation/egress should occur. For example, evacuation into a life raft should be directed by the aircrew as long as they are capable of doing so. Egressing from a capsized and flooded cabin should occur after the initial ingress of water has begun to subside. Seat restrains should remain on during the inversion period and should only be removed once a clear egress path has been established. Seat restraints aid in the ability to remain oriented in relation to the fuselage and to apply force on an emergency exit. Once an exit has been removed, a hand should be placed on the open window/door edge to ensure that when the seat restrain is released, there is a physical reference point directly to the outside of the fuselage. If an emergency breath system (EBS) has been provided as part of the PPE, it should be used in any situation where immediate underwater egress is not available (e.g.,impact injury, blocked exit, aisle seat, or multiple passengers using one exit) or egress will take longer than an individual's breath-hold capabilities.

Rescue
The rescue phase of a ditching includes information related to in-water or in-life raft survival as well as a discussion regarding the various search and rescue (SAR) resources/procedures available in the local region. This portion of the theoretical information also provides guidance concerning signalling for help, completing first-aid, and being hoisted from the water/life raft. In-water survival instruction most often covers aspects of PPE such as life jackets, immersion suits, and signalling devices as well as the effects of hypothermia.

Practical component

Training environment
The practical training component includes the opportunity to use the personal protective equipment discussed in the theoretical component as well as complete underwater egress skills from an underwater egress simulator (UES). The UES varies across each training centre, as does the level of physical fidelity, the required number of egress trials and the period of certification.  The most common UES systems rotate around single axis, usually lengthwise; however, some designs can turn 360° in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The underwater egress practical component is designed to simulate real-world environmental conditions by completely inverting 180˚ (or in some cases slightly off angle to simulate that the external floatation devices have failed on one side of the helicopter) and flooding the UES in a pool. Some training centres also include environmental elements such as wind, rain, sound, and simulated lightning depending on the training program.

HUET performance assessment
Assessment of egress performance focuses on students completing and maintaining a brace position, identifying, functioning, and using primary and secondary exit points, egressing through the exit without kicking, surfacing outside the UES, and performing post-egress survival skills such as inflating a life jacket or life raft, completing a head count to ensure that everyone has successfully egressed. Depending on the jurisdictional requirements in which the HUET program is completed, there may or may not be a requirement to open a simulated emergency exit while underwater. The HUET training aims to develop awareness of what, how, and when specific skills need to be implemented to increase the chances of survival during a ditching.

References

External links

Occupational safety and health
Survival training


First African Baptist Church may refer to:

 First African Baptist Church (Tuscaloosa, Alabama)*
 First African Missionary Baptist Church (Bainbridge, Georgia)*
 First African Baptist Church (Columbus, Georgia)*
 First African Baptist Church Parsonage (Columbus, Georgia)*
 First African Baptist Church at Raccoon Bluff, Hog Hammock, Georgia*
 First African Baptist Church (Savannah, Georgia)
 First African Baptist Church and Parsonage (Waycross, Georgia)*
 First African Baptist Church (Lexington, Kentucky)*
 First African Baptist Church and Parsonage (Scott County, Kentucky), Georgetown, Kentucky*
 African Meeting House, Boston, Massachusetts, also known as First African Baptist Church*
 First African Baptist Church (St. Louis, Missouri)
 First African Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
 Mount Zion First African Baptist Church (Charlottesville, Virginia)
 First African Baptist Church (Richmond, Virginia)*

* Listed on the National Register of Historic Places


Vasyl Viktorovych Sachko (; born 3 May 1975) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. He played as a forward.

Career
A native of Eastern Ukraine, Sachko started to play football in a local sports school of Velyka Novosilka Raion. His first coach was Volodymyr Lypovyi. After finishing the obligatory military service in Simferopol, Sachko was not certain about his future and ended up in the city of Ukrainsk which is part of Selydove.

Until 2000 Sachko played primarily in amateur competitions for several clubs from Donetsk Oblast except for a short stint in 1998 when he defended colors of SC Tavriya Simferopol in the Vyshcha Liha. After Tavriya he returned to Shakhta Ukraina. While playing in Ukrainsk, Sachko also worked in local militsiya since amateur clubs do not pay their players. With Shakhta Ukraina coached by Viktor Hrachov, Sachko managed to win the Ukrainian Amateur Cup by beating Volhynian team "Troianda-Ekspres".

In 2000 he joined the Second League Oskil Kupiansk and after a season received several offers from other professional clubs such as Naftovyk Okhtyrka, but chose to play for Volyn Lutsk.

While playing in Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, Sachko carried the captain's badge 22 times. Unable to find a regular spot in the starting squad, Sachko, with the approval of the Kryvbas officials, received a free agent status and on Wednesday, 20 August 2008 he moved to Vorskla Poltava.

Since 2014 till 2019, he worked as manager of Vorskla Poltava.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Donetsk Oblast
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ukrainian First League players
Ukrainian Second League players
Ukrainian Amateur Football Championship players
FC Shakhta Ukraina Ukrayinsk players
FC Monolit Kostiantynivka players
SC Tavriya Simferopol players
FC Oskil Kupiansk players
FC Vorskla Poltava players
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players
FC Volyn Lutsk players
Ukrainian football managers
Ukrainian Premier League managers
FC Vorskla Poltava managers
FC Volyn Lutsk managers


Joe McIntyre may refer to:

Joey McIntyre (born 1972), American singer and songwriter
Joe McIntyre (Coronation Street), a character from Coronation Street
Joe McIntyre (footballer) (born 1971), English soccer player


The following is a list of ecoregions in Algeria, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions

Palearctic

Temperate coniferous forests
 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
 Mediterranean woodlands and forests

Deserts and xeric shrublands
 North Saharan steppe and woodlands
 Sahara Desert
 South Saharan steppe and woodlands
 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands

Flooded grasslands and savannas
 Saharan halophytics

Freshwater ecoregions
 Permanent Maghreb
 Temporary Maghreb
 Dry Sahel

Marine ecoregions
 Alboran Sea
 Western Mediterranean

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Ecoregions of Africa

Algeria
Ecoregions


Abderahim Mechenouai  (b. ) is an Algerian boxer best known for winning the All-Africa title 2007 as a flyweight boxer.

Career
At the All-Africa Games he won the final against South African Jackson Chauke.

He failed to qualify for the Olympics as he lost his match to Abdelillah Nhaila.

External links
All Africa
Qualifier

Living people
Flyweight boxers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Algerian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Algeria
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
21st-century Algerian people


Longitarsus jacobaeae is a species of flea beetle known as the tansy ragwort flea beetle. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against the nectar-rich noxious weed known as ragwort (Senecio jacobaea reclassified as Jacobaea vulgaris).

The adult beetle is light golden brown in color and between  and  long. The female is larger than the male, especially when gravid. The beetle has enlarged femurs for its main locomotion method of hopping. The female lays eggs on or near the ragwort, its host plant. The larva emerges in about two weeks and burrows into the ground to feed on the roots. The larvae and adults are dually responsible for damage to the plant. The adult defoliates plants which are often already weakened by larval damage at the roots. This two-pronged attack is quite successful in preventing ragwort growth and development. The beetles have prevented entire populations of ragwort from reaching flowering stage at several monitored sites.

The beetle is not choosy between species in the genera in which it feeds from, and recent studies with the beetle have shown "that selection pressure by specialist herbivores is not likely a driving force in evolutionary diversification" of the plants which contain the alkaloids that the beetle dines on.

This beetle is native to Eurasia. It was first introduced to the United States as a ragwort biocontrol agent in 1969 and it is now established in much of the western United States.

The beetle is most effective when used in conjunction with the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae), another ragwort biocontrol agent. The beetle is not known to attack other plants. A close relative, Longitarsus ganglbaueri, which also feeds on ragwort, does attack other plant species; it is not used as a biocontrol agent for this reason.

Notes

References
 Coombs, E. M., et al., Eds. (2004). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 338.

External links
 Biocontrol Info Sheet
 Photos of Tansy Ragwort Flea Beetle

Longitarsus
Biological pest control beetles
Insects used for control of invasive plants
Beetles described in 1858
Beetles of Asia
Beetles of Europe


My Boss, My Hero () is a 2001 South Korean film. It is the first of a trilogy with My Boss, My Teacher in 2006 and The Mafia, The Salesman in 2007.

Synopsis

This gangster comedy tells of Du-shik, a successful young mobster who is rising up the ranks in a gang. He is due for a promotion to take over the Myeongdong district of Seoul, but many of the gang's upper brass feel he is not well-educated enough to take on such an important territory as many of the underlings have graduated high-school and even college. Du-shik is promised the territory as long as he achieves a high-school diploma and is enrolled in a private school as a 19-year-old. His right-hand man Sang-du, a college graduate, and Ga-ri, a goofball meathead, are his primary support throughout Du-shik's high-school experience and aid him in keeping his true identity hidden.

On his first day of school, Du-shik encounters Yun-ju while they are running to school to avoid getting punished for tardiness; a small purse falls out of her bookbag as she runs, which Du-shik retrieves causing him to be late. Sang-du and Ga-ri look on as Du-shik and other students who arrive late are punished by Mr. Jo, a strict yet highly respected math teacher. The English teacher Ms. Lee walks by the students and catches the eye of Sang-du, who is immediately infatuated by her. Later on in that day, Yun-ju and two of her friends get into a brawl with three rival classmates led by Ji-hye; all six get sent to the dean, but Ji-hye and her friends are immediately dismissed without punishment. Du-shik ends up in the same class as Yun-ju and is assigned a seat next to her, and soon the two become friends. Du-shik also has frequent run-ins with the class clown/bully; he withstands getting beat and mugged in order to keep his identity a secret. There is also a local crazy man with wild hair, a trench coat, and a camcorder. He is constantly recording his surroundings and is regularly seen around the school grounds.

School continues through the semester. In a private meeting, the dean is urging Mr. Jo to unfairly change grades of certain students - particularly that of Ji-hye, who has wealthy and influential parents and are essentially paying for the prestige of having high grades and earning a scholarship. Mr. Jo refuses and notes that this corruption would push deserving students below the scholarship threshold (and names Yun-ju specifically as a deserving student who would be lose out). Later on, the dean interrupts a class to embarrass and punish students who have not paid monthly dues to the school. It is apparent that the school collects hundreds of dollars from each of the students each month, and some, such as Yun-ju, are several payments behind. Mr. Jo walks in and forces the dean out.

During one of Ms. Lee's English classes, Ji-hye is caught passing notes in class. She is told to come to the front of the class to receive punishment, but instead mutters inappropriate insults to Ms. Lee under her breath; she has no fear of any punishments because of her status, but Ms. Lee slaps her for her insubordination and behavior. Ji-hye, while in the bathroom, immediately calls her mom and cries on the phone to her; not long after her mom appears in the classroom and assaults Ms. Lee. The dean defends the parents and verbally reprimands Ms. Lee while Mr. Jo stands up for her. Mr. Jo is later called into the principal's office, where he is insulted and threatened with termination if he doesn't change Ji-hye's grades. This tears into the conscience of Mr. Jo, a teacher who truly cares about his students - particularly those who aren't privileged. He returns to class very dejected and starts hitting one of the class clowns that had been misbehaving, but the bully disrespectfully talks back to Mr. Jo and pushes him down; this enrages Du-shik and severely beats up the bully inside the classroom for his insubordination to the teacher. Du-shik, who had generally been under the radar, is now feared and respected by his classmates. Later that evening, Du-shik treats the bully to some drinks as an apology of sorts; there, the bully is confronted by a rival bully from a neighboring school, but Du-shik defends him and ends up beating up his classmate's rival and his entire crew.

Things calm down and Mr. Jo has a private meeting with Yun-ju, urging her that she needs to study harder to get a scholarship. It's clear that he was forced to fudge Ji-hye's grades, which no longer make Yun-ju eligible for a scholarship, which puts even more pressure on her. At the same time, Ms. Lee is called into a private meeting with the principal, who sexually assaults her by in appropriately touching her hair, neck, and chest. She storms out immediately in tears and momentarily bumps into Du-shik in the hallway. That night, Yun-ju and Du-shik go out on a date and she jokingly asks him to marry her so he could pay for her college tuition. He knows it's a joke, but fully understands that she is poor and has no chances at attending college without a scholarship. They randomly run into Sang-du and Ms. Lee, who are out for a drink; the four of them enjoy a fun night of drinking and karaoke as a means to let off some steam and party their sorrows away. Du-shik is still completely oblivious to the corruption that is going on in the school, despite witnessing Ms. Lee crying, Mr. Jo acting strangely, and seeing the dean act as a bill-collector.

One random evening, Du-shik is with Sang-du and Ka-ri at a private bar in their gang headquarters and are about to enjoy a fun night with host girls (girls hired to accompany gangsters and party with them). To Du-shik's shock, one of the girls is Yun-ju. Now that Du-shik's true identity is revealed, the two of them have a private conversation and he asks her why she's doing this while imploring her to quit. While weeping, she says that took on this degrading job because she desperately needs the money for college and her youth and virginity will help her even more money. She mentions that Du-shik, who is financially well off, will never understand how bleak her future looks. She storms off weeping while Du-shik sits alone, clearly distraught. Immediately after, he tasks Sang-du to do a little digging into the school and the principal.

The next day at school, things are clearly awkward between Du-shik and Yun-ju. Before either can say a word to one another, another student runs into class in tears, informing everyone that Mr. Jo had resigned. All the students are in tears while Mr. Jo quietly gives his final lesson; despite his harsh and strict ways, the students know he has pure intentions and fights hard for them. Mr. Jo and Ms. Lee are packing their belongings in the teacher's quarters, with Ms. Lee breaking down in tears. Later, Yun-ju is seen sitting in the computer lab in front of one computer; this is noted by the dean, but he doesn't think much of it.

Sang-du reports his findings to Du-shik; it appears that the principal is somehow the owner of malls, golf courses, etc. in the territory of a rival gang, and it becomes clear that the principal is affiliated with them. On the following day, the school is hit with a scandal as an exposé of bribery, fixed grades, and inane monthly dues is posted on the school's website as well as the website of the Department of Education. The principal and dean are enraged about these reports and wonder who might’ve possibly leaked this information, and based on the wording it is probable that it was submitted by a student. The dean instantly remembers Yun-ju sitting in the computer lab. The principal shows up in Yun-ju's class, calls her out, and severely beats her to the point where she is bloodied and knocked unconscious and has to be taken to the hospital by Du-shik and her friends.

After this incident, the fired teachers as well as students who refuse to attend class form a protest. Du-shik remains in the class despite the pleading of his classmates to join them in protest because he doesn't want to jeopardize his chances at graduation. He discusses with Sang-du what his options are. Sang-du implores him to stay in school and graduate, but Du-shik knows that is the wrong thing to do. What makes things more complicated is that they're dealing with a school and not an establishment they're used to dealing with (bars, nightclubs, etc.). Du-shik visits Yun-ju at the hospital at night; she sobs on his shoulders and while it's clear that he feels for her, he is torn.

Du-shik attends school the next day and sees that the school has not only blocked off the fired teachers, but students as well. The principal arrives with gang members, who assault Mr. Jo, Ms. Lee, and even the students. Upon seeing this, Du-shik can no longer hold his breath, gives the green light to his own gang for an attack, and starts fighting. His cover is now completely blown, but his crew overtakes the rival gang and storm the entrance of the school. They scream for the principal to come out, but many more members of the rival gang appear. They have an all-out brawl in the schoolyard with baseball bats and other weapons, with on final man-to-man fight between Du-shik and the rival leader to decide the outcome. It ends up in a draw, with both sides completely bloodied and bruised, and police come to arrest them all. The entire time, the crazy man had been recording everything, and slips the videotape into the pocket of a news cameraman.

It is presumed that Du-shik, the teachers, and students had successfully exposed the corruption. Du-shik earned a diploma equivalency while in jail and is congratulated by his superior, who feels that maybe he needs even more education to run the territory. He asks Du-shik to start writing in English, and then tells him that he needs to go to college.

Cast
 Jung Joon-ho... Gye Du-shik
 Jung Woong-in... Kim Sang-du
 Jung Woon-taek... Dae Ga-ri
 Oh Seung-eun... Lee Yoon-ju
 Song Seon-mi... Lee Ji-seon
 Park Jun-gyu... Jo Bong-pal
 Kang Sung-pil... Yang Dong-pal
 Gi Ju-bong... Sang Chun-man
 Yun Mun-sik... Sal-Sali
 Go Myung-hwan... Babary-man
 Lee Si-yeon

Remake

A Japanese television drama remake titled My Boss My Hero aired on Nippon TV in the summer of 2006.

References

External links

2001 films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean comedy films
Films directed by Yoon Je-kyoon
South Korean films based on actual events
2000s South Korean films


The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the peronist Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college.

Background
Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) its majorities in the Chamber of Deputies (lower house of Congress) and among the nation's 22 governorships in the September 1987 mid-term elections.  Facing a restive armed forces opposed to trials against past human rights abuses and mounting inflation, the president brought elections forward five months, now scheduled for May 14, 1989. Both major parties held national conventions in May 1988. The UCR nominated Córdoba Governor Eduardo Angeloz, a safe, centrist choice and the most prominent UCR figure not closely tied to the unpopular President Alfonsín. In an upset, however, Carlos Menem, governor of the remote and thinly populated La Rioja Province, wrested the Justicialist Party nomination from the odds-on candidate, Buenos Aires Province Governor Antonio Cafiero, a policy maker close to the Justicialists' founder, the late Juan Perón. Cafiero's defeat resulted largely from CGT trade union opposition to his Peronist Renewal faction; Alfonsín's top political adviser, Interior Minister Enrique Nosiglia, in turn saw Menem's flamboyance as an opportunity for the struggling UCR.

The Justicialists (Peronists) took a sizable lead in polling early on, however, even as nearly half the voters remained undecided. Hoping to translate this into a UCR victory over the outspoken and eccentric Menem, President Alfonsín enacted an August 1988 "Springtime Plan" in a bid for lower inflation (then running at 27% monthly). The plan, criticized as a rehashed "Austral Plan" by the CGT, called for budget cuts and renewed wage freezes - policies they blamed for sliding living standards.  Initially successful, a record drought late in the year buffeted critical export earnings and led to rolling blackouts, dissipating any gains Angeloz might have made from the "relief" of 6% monthly inflation.

A perennial third-party candidate, conservative economist Álvaro Alsogaray, made gains following the January 1989 assault by Trotskyite militants on the La Tablada Barracks, west of Buenos Aires.  Twice minister of the economy and remembered for his belief that the economy must go through "winter," the unpopular Alsogaray ran on a free market platform, calling for mass privatizations and deep cuts in social spending (amid 30% poverty). Angeloz took the controversial decision of including social spending cuts in the UCR platform, as well, earning the right-wing Federal Party's endorsement; but alienating many others (particularly pensioners, among whom Alfonsín had won decisively in 1983). The largely civil campaign became increasingly a debate between the Justicialist nominee and the president, himself; Angeloz, the UCR nominee, remained "presidential" during the frequent exchanges of innuendo between Alfonsín and Menem.

Following a sharp drop in Central Bank reserves, the austral fell around 29% to the U.S. dollar in heavy trading on "black Tuesday," February 7.  The sudden drop in the austral's value threatened the nation's tenuous financial stability and, later that month, the World Bank recalled a large tranche of a loan package agreed on in 1988, sending the austral into a tailspin: trading at 17 to the dollar in January, the dollar quoted at over 100 australes by election day, May 14. Inflation, which had been held to the 5-10% monthly range as late as February, rose to 78.5% in May, shattering records and leading to a landslide victory for the Peronists. Polling revealed that economic anxieties were paramount among two-thirds of voters and Menem won in 19 of 22 provinces, while losing in the traditionally anti-Peronist Federal District (Buenos Aires).

The nation's finances did not stabilize after the election, as hoped. The austral halved to the dollar next week, alone, and on May 29, riots broke out in the poorer outskirts of a number of cities. Having declared his intention to stay on until inaugural day, December 10, these events and spiraling financial chaos led Alfonsín to transfer power to President-elect Menem five months early, on July 8. When Menem accepted the presidential sash from Alfonsín, it marked the first time since 1916 that an incumbent government peacefully transferred power to the opposition.

Candidates for presidency
 Justicialist Party (Peronist, populist): Governor Carlos Menem of La Rioja Province
 Radical Civic Union (Center-left, social liberal): Governor Eduardo Angeloz of Córdoba Province
 Union of the Democratic Centre (Center-right, conservative liberal): Deputy Alvaro Alsogaray of the City of Buenos Aires

Results

President

Chamber of Deputies

Results by province

Notes

1989
1989 elections in Argentina
Presidency of Carlos Menem
1989