"Flying High" is a song by German musician known under the pseudonym of Captain Hollywood Project, released in November 1994 as the first single from his second album, Animals or Human (1995). A fast and strong Eurodance song, it achieved moderate success in several countries. A second CD maxi composed of two new remixes was launched in February 1995. Its music video was directed by Rainer Thieding. Ten years later, in 2005, a new remix of "Flying High" was released, reaching the Top 20 on European club charts.

Chart performance
"Flying High" was quite successful on the charts in Europe, entering the top 10 in Austria (10), Belgium (8), Denmark (7), Finland (4), the Netherlands (4) and Sweden (7), as well as on MTV's European Top 20, where it hit number three. Additionally, the single peaked within the top 20 in Germany (18), Italy (16), Norway (12) and Switzerland (15), plus on the Eurochart Hot 100, where "Flying High" reached number 15. It was also a top 40 hit in France (40), and in the UK, it peaked at number 58 in its first week at the UK Singles Chart, on 26 March 1995. In Scotland, it went to number 75.

Critical reception
British magazine Music Week wrote, "Hoping to emulate last year's Top 30 success with "Impossible", "Flying High" is a commercial number that brings to mind the dance/pop success of 2 Unlimited et al."

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Flying High" was directed by Rainer Thieding. He would also direct the video for "The Way Love Is".

Track listings

 CD maxi 1 (November 1994)
 "Flying High" (radio mix) — 3:45
 "Flying High" (extended mix) — 6:41
 "Flying High" (belly mix) — 5:25
 "Flying High" (spaceship mix) — 6:05

 CD maxi 2 (January 1995)
 "Flying High" (God's groove remix) — 6:34
 "Flying High" (Perplexer remix) — 5:40

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

1994 singles
1994 songs
Captain Hollywood Project songs
Music videos directed by Rainer Thieding
Pulse 8 singles
Songs written by Tony Dawson-Harrison


In the African Regional qualifying process, 14 of the 15 eligible IRB member nations took part (South Africa had already qualified from Rugby World Cup 2007).

The qualifying process began with playoffs in May, 2008. The 2008–09 Africa Cup doubled as the qualifying tournament, with the winner being Africa's direct qualifier.  The runner-up of the tournament will be entered into the four-team World Cup playoff for the 20th 2011 Rugby World Cup finalist berth.

The Cup was decided first by four pools of three teams with the pool winners qualifying for the semi-finals.

Namibia swept Tunisia in a two-legged final, qualifying for Pool D of the 2011 Rugby World Cup, while Tunisia advanced to the Final Place Playoff.

Preliminary round: May 2008
Two single-legged playoffs were used to cut the nations down from the 14 eligible nations to the 12 who would compete for the 2008–09 Africa Cup.  Preliminary round teams were the lowest ranked teams in the north and south respectively.  Nigeria and Swaziland were eliminated in this round.

Matches

Round 1: June / August 2008

Pool winners qualified for the semi-finals.  Pools were determined through world rankings.

Bonus point system:

4 points for a win
2 for a draw
0 for a loss
1 point for scoring four tries in a game
1 point for losing by seven points or less.

Pool A
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|TB
!width=40|LB
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|2||2||0||0||48||31||+17||1||0||9
|- align=center
|align=left|
|1||0||0||1||10||13||-3||0||1||1
|- align=center
|align=left|
|1||0||0||1||21||35||-14||0||0||0
|}

Matches

Pool B
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|TB
!width=40|LB
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|2||2||0||0||53||18||+35||1||0||9
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||1||0||1||38||39||-1||1||0||5
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||0||0||2||27||61||-34||0||0||0
|}

Matches

Pool C
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|TB
!width=40|LB
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|2||2||0||0||60||25||+35||1||0||9
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||1||0||1||91||52||+39||1||0||5
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||0||0||2||18||92||-74||0||1||1
|}

Matches

Pool D
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|TB
!width=40|LB
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|2||2||0||0||59||32||+27||2||0||10
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||1||0||1||67||47||+20||1||0||5
|- align=center
|align=left|
|2||0||0||2||25||72||-47||0||0||0
|}

Matches

Round 2: semi-finals - 2009

Winners on aggregate progress to Round Three.

Round 3: qualification final
Namibia and Tunisia competed for Africa's automatic place in the 2011 Rugby World Cup finals in New Zealand over two legs, with Namibia qualifying for their fourth consecutive world cup.  Tunisia faced Romania, the third-placed team from Europe, in the semi-finals of the Play-off series.

Namibia won the series 2-0, with an aggregate score of 40-23.

See also
2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying

References

External links
 Confirmation from CAR
Competition outline

2011
Africa
2008 in African rugby union
2009 in African rugby union


Joseph Vollaro, also known as "Joey V" and  "Joe Andrews" (born 1966), is a Staten Island-based American trucking executive and Gambino crime family associate who is now a government informant and witness.

Vollaro did construction work and worked in several gyms as a young man.  Vollaro became an associate of the Gambino family in the 1990s.  Vollaro's father, Anthony Vollaro, was a Gambino bookmaker operating in New Jersey. It was rumored that Vollaro was up for induction into the family in the mid-1990s before being sent to prison on drug dealing and loansharking charges.

Mob connections
While in prison, Vollaro shared a cell with Gambino family mobster Nicholas "Little Nick" Corozzo.  Vollaro became close to Corozzo, and when released from prison,  Vollaro started making payments to Corozzo and his brother Joseph "Jo Jo" Corozzo.  Vollaro's company, Andrews Trucking, quickly became one of the city's leading construction truckers, hauling dirt from the city's excavation sites.  Vollaro and Gambino soldier Joseph Spinnato co-owned several Staten Island businesses which they used to produce money for the Gambinos, and to extort other business owners.  Vollaro was responsible for getting the Gambino family involved in a NASCAR speedway that was planned for Staten Island; Andrews Trucking received a lucrative hauling contract at the site.  Vollaro and the Gambinos soon came to dominate the construction business in Staten Island. At one point, the wealthy Vollaro owned three 40-foot yachts named "No Limits", "Cat in the Act", and "All Fired Up".

Government informant
In 2004, Vollaro was arrested with two kilograms of cocaine and charged with heading a large-scale narcotics trafficking operation.  Facing a lifetime prison term, Vollaro chose to become a government witness for the U. S. Department of Labor-OIG, Office of Labor Racketeering and Fraud Investigations, and assist in an investigation into the stronghold the Organized Crime had over the construction industry.  Vollaro quickly rose to one of Nick Corozzo's trusted aides and was even planning to propose Vollaro for induction into the family as a made man or soldier.

In early 2008, Vollaro's work resulted in a massive federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) indictment that snagged both Corozzo brothers, acting boss John "Jackie Nose" D'Amico, underboss Domenico Cefalu, capo Frank Cali, and over 40 capos, soldiers, and associates. However, the racketeering cases were weak and the government was forced to accept lesser plea bargain deals from the plaintiffs for extorting payments from Vollaro's business.

Current status
Vollaro is currently part of the federal Witness Protection Program. In October 2008, Vollaro started legal proceedings for $600,000 in financial restitution from the Corozzos and other Gambino family members for extorting his business.

References
 Gordon, Cormac, "Gambinos' Greed Their Undoing", Staten Island Advance, February 9, 2008.
 Gould, Joe and Marzulli, John, "Mob turncoat Joseph Vollaro seeking more than $600K from Gambinos", New York Daily News, October 5, 2008.
 Hamill, Dennis, "Year of the Rat proves prophetic", New York Daily News, February 19, 2008.
 Lauinger, John, "FBI's Gambino informant skips town, leaving pregnant wife in the dark", New York Daily News, February 10, 2008.
 Mangan, Dan, "Rat goes for see food", New York Post, February 11, 2008.
 Marzulli, John, "Supposed mob KO falls apart", New York Daily News, May 29, 2008.
 Rashbaum, William K., "Gambino crime family indicted in New York sweep", International Herald Tribune, February 8, 2008.
 Rashbaum, William K., "Accused Gambino Leaders Indicted in Sweep", The New York Times, February 8, 2008.
 Rashbaum, William K., "Informant in Mob Case Had Power, and a Wire", The New York Times, February 9, 2008.

1966 births
Gambino crime family
American gangsters of Italian descent
Living people
People who entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program
Criminals from Staten Island


Bruno Mario Rossetti (9 October 1960 – 9 February 2018) was an Italian sport shooter and Olympic medalist. He received a bronze medal in skeet shooting at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Rossetti was born in Troyes, Aube, France.

His son is Gabriele Rossetti, a gold medalist in shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

References

1960 births
2018 deaths
Sportspeople from Troyes
Italian male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Shooters at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
20th-century Italian people


Sharjah (;  , Gulf Arabic: aš-Šārja) is the third-most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, after Dubai and Abu Dhabi. It is the capital of the Emirate of Sharjah and forms part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area.

Sharjah is the capital of the eponymous emirate. The emirate shares legal, political, military and economic functions with the other emirates of the UAE within a federal framework, although each emirate has jurisdiction over some functions such as civil law enforcement and provision and upkeep of local facilities. Sharjah has been ruled by the Al Qasimi dynasty since the 18th century.

The city is a center for culture and industry, and alone contributes 7.4% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates. The city covers an approximate area of 235 km2 and has a population of over 1,800,000 (2022-2023). The sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited in the emirate of Sharjah without possession of an alcohol license and alcohol is not served in hotels, restaurants or other outlets in Sharjah, due to the Muslim majority in the area. This has helped Sharjah increase the number of Islamic tourists who visit the country. Sharjah has been officially named as a WHO healthy city. The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Sharjah as the 68th best city in the world to be a university student. Sharjah is regarded as the cultural capital of the UAE, and was the Islamic culture capital of 2014 and Sharjah World Book Capital for 2019 by UNESCO.

On 1 January 2022, Sharjah made history when its public sector adopted a four-day working week and a three-day weekend, becoming the first government sector in the Gulf region and the entire Middle East to fully adopt a four-day working week.

Etymology
The origin of the name of Sharjah is unknown, with most common interpretations linking the origin of the word Sharjah to the word sharq () due to the fact that the city is located to the east of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, and that Sharjah was the easternmost settlement at the time.

However, other interpretations have disputed the origin of the name based on location, and suggested instead that it refers to the word shurūq (). Further theories have linked the name to a pre-Islamic idol called Abed Al Shareq that transformed into Sharjah. The origin of the word has also been linked to the Andalusi Arabic usage of the word, which was used to refer to a fort.

History

Sharjah was historically one of the wealthiest towns in this region with a settlement in existence for over 5000 years. In the early 18th century, the Huwayla tribe of the Qawasim clan established itself in Sharjah  1727, declaring Sharjah independent. On 8 January 1820, Sheikh Sultan I signed the General Maritime Treaty with Britain, accepting a protectorate to keep the Ottoman Turks out. Like its neighbors Ajman, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, and Umm Al Quwain, Sharjah's position on the route to India made it important enough to be recognized as a salute state (be it of the lowest class: 3 guns).

In 1829, English author and traveler James Silk Buckingham described Sharjah as such:

By the turn of the 20th century, Sharjah extended inland to the area now known as Wasit Suburb, the area between the city and Dhaid being under the control of the tribes of the interior. With some 15,000 inhabitants, Sharjah had some 4 or 5 shops in Layyah and a bazaar of some 200 shops in Sharjah proper.

At the height of World War II, Nazi propaganda infiltrated the town. Loud transmissions of pro-Hitler speeches could be heard emanating from the Sheikh of Sharjah's palace during a period in 1940, and messages sharing a similar sentiment had been graffitied on walls in the town center according to British intelligence reports at the time. Because the message being propagated by the Germans was one of anti-imperialism, it found a sympathetic audience among some of the emirate's populace, particularly Abdullah bin Faris, a secretary of the Sheikh who was responsible for the broadcasts. After the Sheikh was confronted by the British, he wrote a letter reiterating his support for the British war efforts and disputed the charges laid out against bin Faris. Attached to the letter was a petition signed by 48 prominent individuals testifying to bin Faris' character, which, according to the British, had been misrepresented to the signees. The incident resolved after the Sheikh and bin Faris ceased transmitting propaganda and doubled down on their support of the British.

On 2 December 1971, Sharjah, together with Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Umm Al Qawain, and Fujairah joined in the Act of Union to form the United Arab Emirates. The seventh emirate, Ras al-Khaimah, joined the UAE on 10 February 1972 following Iran's annexation of Ras al-Khaimah's Tunbs islands.

Like the other former Trucial States, Sharjah's name is known by many stamp collectors because of the large numbers of stamps that were issued by the Sharjah Post Office shortly before the formation of the United Arab Emirates. These became part of a class of virtually worthless stamps known to collectors as Dunes. Many of these items feature subjects unrelated to the emirates whose names they bear, and therefore many catalogs do not list them.

Districts and landmarks

Sharjah is the third largest city in the United Arab Emirates after Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The palace of the ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, is located about  southeast of the city.

The city of Sharjah overlooks the Persian Gulf and has a population of over 1,600,000 (2022). It contains the main administrative centres of the Government of Sharjah alongside commercial, cultural and traditional projects. The city hosts several museums of archaeology, natural history, science, arts, heritage, Islamic art and culture. Distinctive landmarks include two major covered souks, reflecting Islamic design, and a number of recreational areas and public parks such as Al Montazah Fun Park and Al Buheirah Corniche. The city is also notable for its numerous elegant mosques.

Rolla Square
Named after the large rolla (banyan tree) that once stood in the square, which inspired the sculpture at the center of the park, Rolla Square is a common location for workers to stroll during the weekends.

Bank Street
Bank street is located near the main area of Rolla. Many bank branches and offices are located on the street.

Al Hisn Sharjah

Al Hisn, also known as Sharjah Fort was a fortified complex built in 1823 as the headquarters of the then-independent Emirate of Sharjah and the residence of the Al Qasimi family. Situated in the center of the city, it was closed for renovations from 1996 to 2015, when it reopened its doors as an open-air museum under the administration of the Sharjah Museums Authority.

'Smile You're in Sharjah' Roundabout
Located between the Blue Souq and Fish Market, near the Union Bank Tower, the floral call to cheer up etched on the roundabout has lent its name to the roundabout itself. 'Smile, you’re in Sharjah' is a welcome sign, spelled out in flowers in the middle of a roundabout notorious for its rush-hour traffic jams.

Gold Souq
The Souq Al Markazi, or Gold Souq (), is a tourist destination and comprises a gold souq, clothing souq, and antiques and jewellery shops.

Mahattah Fort
Mahatta Fort, now known as the Al Mahatta Museum, is a museum on the site of the first airport built in the region in 1932 by Imperial Airways. The accompanying fort was constructed by then-Ruler of Sharjah Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi as a rest stop for travelling crew and for protection against any potential attacks. The fort and airport were used extensively by the Royal Air Force during World War II, and after the war the fort became the headquarters of the Trucial Oman Scouts. The airport remained in use until 1977 when Sharjah International Airport opened. The runway strip was converted into a highway and the buildings were renovated into Al Mahatta Museum, which opened in 2000.

The Heart of Sharjah

The Heart of Sharjah is an ongoing renovation and preservation project of the former old city center of Sharjah. The project aims to develop the former old city center into an open-air museum with various smaller museums, galleries and commercial centers. The project is home to a 5-star hotel and the traditional Souk Al Arsa, a covered souk with an array of items for sale, including antiques.

Al Qasba Canal
Al-Qasba Canal is a 1-kilometer-long canal that runs through the center of Sharjah. Located along its waterfront are several apartments, shops, and tourist attractions of the Al Qasba community.

Sharjah Heritage Museum
The Sharjah Heritage Museum is situated near to the Bait Al Naboodah, just opposite Souq Al Arsah. It is built around a shaded courtyard as a reconstruction of traditional family life. There are many rooms which have displays of traditional furniture along with household items including children's costumes, toys, and jewellery.

Sharjah National Park

Sharjah National Park covers an area of nearly .

Sharjah Aquarium
Located in Al Layyeh.

Al Noor Island

Al Noor Island is located in the Khalid Lagoon and covers an area of . The destination project features art and light installations, including the 'OVO' and 'Torus' displays.

Maryam Island
Maryam Island is a beachfront destination that oversees the Arabian sea. It's one of the largest projects in the emirate with an investment of 2.4 billion Dirhams (US$650M). Waterside development is planned to spread across , with a built-up area of .

Wildlife Centers
The Arabian Wildlife Center opened in 1999 and was home to more than 100 species of animals. Situated at a convenient location, this center was quite close to the Sharjah International Airport. Despite the hot and dry conditions in most of Arabia, there were a number of mammal species adapted to these conditions. The Breeding Centre for Endangered Wildlife, a sister facility, was a member of the EAZA, like Al Ain Zoo in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, but is now closed to the public. The fauna, including the Arabian leopard, which have been recorded in the mountains in the eastern part of the country, were transferred to Al Hefaiyah Conservation Centre in the eastern area of Kalba. In 2001, The center assisted Yemeni zoos in Sana'a and Ta'izz with the management of their animals.

Al Majaz Waterfront
Al Majaz Waterfront is a leisure area, a waterfront landmark of Sharjah Featuring an audio-video dancing fountain, miniature golf and a number of restaurants.

Rain Room

In 2018, the experiential art installation Rain Room was given a permanent home in Sharjah. The Sharjah Art Foundation constructed a purpose-built visitor center located in the city's residential area of Al Majarrah to house the permanent installation of Rain Room.

The Flying Saucer

Reconstructed in 2015 and launched as a redeveloped arts and community center in 2020, The Flying Saucer, Sharjah is a brutalist building dating back to the 1970s. It was re-opened after a two-year renovation project by the Sharjah Art Foundation (SAF).

Sharjah Light Festival
The Sharjah Light Festival is held every year since 2010 on various landmarks around Sharjah. It is a display of lights using projectors and lasers on buildings. Usually, the shows have a small storyline or a theme.

Places of worship
Sharjah's largest mosque, the "Sharjah Mosque" was inaugurated in May 2019. Located in the area of Tay, at the junction of the Emirates Road and the road to Mleiha, it can accommodate up to 25,000 worshipers, with an interior capacity of over 5,000 people. Two coins, one gold and one silver, each inscribed with a verse from the Quran, were issued by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, and designed by the Sharjah Islamic Bank, to commemorate the occasion. Previously, the King Faisal Mosque, named after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, had been the largest in the Emirate and country, with an area of .

Sharjah also has the biggest Moscow-style Russian Orthodox church in the country.

In 1997, a Syriac Orthodox church, St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Soonoro Patriarchal Cathedral, was consecrated to accommodate a growing population of Syriac Christians, many of whom are migrant workers from Kerala and southern India.

Al Rahmaniyah Parks
In March 2021, the Sharjah Investment and Development authorities opened two parks in Al Rahmaniyah, Kshisha and Shaghrafa, built in a total area of . It included a female-only park, along with entertainment, social, sports and educational facilities.

House of Wisdom
In December 2020, Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi inaugurated a library inspired by the original House of Wisdom in Baghdad. The building was designed by Foster and Partners, extending over . On the grounds of the library is a large art piece entitled "The Scroll", a contemporary interpretation of the ancient Arabic scrolls, made by Gerry Judah. It was made to celebrate the Emirate of Sharjah being named the UNESCO World Book Capital for 2019.

Climate
Sharjah has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with warm winters and extremely hot summers. The average daytime temperature during the summer ranges between  to , and occasionally on some days where temperatures exceed  mainly occurring during the hottest months of July and August. During winter, the average daytime temperature rarely exceeds . Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and occurs almost entirely from November to July. About two-thirds of the year's rain falls in the months of February and March.

Transport

Development of transportation services in Sharjah is a critical long-term task. Planned by the SPTC since 2008, the Sharjah Metro will be the third metro system in the UAE after the Dubai Metro and the Abu Dhabi Metro. The Sharjah Tram has been planned since 2015, and will be the second tram system in the country after the Dubai Tram.

Air
The Sharjah International Airport is the third-largest Middle East airfreight hub in cargo tonnage, according to official 2015 statistics from Airports Council International. Sharjah International Airport is the home base of Air Arabia, a low-cost carrier.

The first international flight in Sharjah landed on 5 October 1932 in the Mahatta Fort airstrip as part of a refueling stop on Imperial Airways's India–Britain route. The former airport hosted a cinema, hotel, and a restaurant, and would eventually become a Royal Air Force military base until the UAE's independence in 1971. Mahatta Fort was the main international airport for the city until 1976, when traffic moved to Sharjah International Airport.

Road
There are two major series of highways in Sharjah, which are "E" and "S". E represents roads connecting other emirates, and S for roads within the emirate.

The major roads in Sharjah include:
 E 88: Al Dhaid Road, connecting to the Emirate of Fujairah.
 E 102: Sharjah–Kalbah Road, connecting to Fujairah and Kalba.
 E 311: Sheikh Mohammad Bin Zayed Road, connecting to Dubai, Ajman and Ras al-Khaimah.
 E 11: Al Ittihad Road, connecting to Dubai.
 E 611: Emirates Road, connecting to Dubai, Ajman and Ras Al-Khaimah
 S 12: Maliha Road.

Taxi

The Sharjah Public Transportation Corporation is organizing and supervising the operations of taxis in Sharjah Emirate. Sharjah taxi service is provided through franchise companies. They cover all parts of the Emirate and cities, including shopping centers, residential areas and airport. Following are the major taxi operators in the emirates.
 Sharjah Taxi: Sharjah City and Eastern Regions.
 Emirates Cab: Sharjah City.
 City Taxi: Sharjah City and Eastern Regions.
 Union Taxi: Sharjah City.
 Advantage Taxi: Sharjah City and Central Regions.

The Sharjah Transport Corporation also provides shared transportation with the purpose of serving certain routes in Sharjah on a fixed rate for each route without using the meter. Sharjah Sharing Taxi routes are carefully selected to support people with low income and are covering areas with frequent needs for quick transfer within same location, to ease the traffic situation in Sharjah.

Intercity transport
The Sharjah Public Transport Corporation operates passenger bus services nationwide, between Sharjah City, Ras Al Khaimah, Khor Fakkan, Kalba, Fujairah, Masafi, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Hamriyah Free Zone, Dhaid, Al Madam, Dibba Al Hisn, Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and Dubai.

Utility services
Utility services in the emirate are provided by the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority, which provides electricity, water and LPG connections to about 2 million consumers. They have over 4,000 employees serving areas as far as Dhaid, Kalba and Khorfakkan. Telephone services in the emirate, both fixed lines and mobile services, are provided by the government-owned Etisalat and du communication.

Culture

UAE culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam and traditional Arab culture. The influence of Islamic and Arab culture on its architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to prayer from the minarets of mosques, which are scattered around the country. Since 2006, the weekend has been Friday and Saturday, as a compromise between Friday's holiness to Muslims and the Western weekend of Saturday and Sunday.

The Ruler of Sharjah ordered the establishment of several cultural institutions. The projects covered conservation of cultural heritage, active interaction with other cultures, the construction of museums and the other cultural, scientific and artistic centers in the Emirate, and the setting up of a television satellite channel that reflects and projects the value of culture.

In 1998, Sharjah was awarded the "Cultural Capital of the Arab World" title by UNESCO, representing the United Arab Emirates. Sharjah has kept the spirit of its history alive by incorporating tradition into every aspect of contemporary development.

Sharjah was designated the 2019 World Book Capital by UNESCO.

A cultural heritage project, Heart of Sharjah, has been undertaken to preserve and restore the old town of Sharjah and return it to its 1950s state. A five-phase project intended for completion in 2025, the project is being undertaken by the Sharjah Investment and Development Authority, Shurooq, together with the Sharjah Institute for Heritage, the Sharjah Museums Department, and the Sharjah Art Foundation.

Sharjah International Book Fair is a cultural event held every year in Sharjah. It started in the year 1982.

Economy

Sharjah is the headquarters of Air Arabia, the first low-cost airline in the Middle East, which operates to the Middle East, Asia and Europe. Its headquarters are located in the Sharjah Freight Center, on the property of the Sharjah International Airport.

The Sharjah Airport International Free Zone, popularly known as "SAIF Zone", is one of the prominent free-trade zones in the UAE. More than 6000 companies operate from SAIF Zone. The cost of setting up business in Sharjah is less than in any other emirates of the UAE, and the focus of industrialization has in recent years turned Sharjah into a commercial center. Thanks to its 100% foreign ownership and exemption from income and corporate taxes, SAIF Zone has attracted investors from more than 90 countries.

Demographics
According to the 2022 census, the total population of the emirate is 1.8 million, with 1.6 million of them residing in the city of Sharjah. Of the 1.8 million total population of the emirate, 208,000 were Emirati citizens, and the remainder were expatriates.

Like the rest of the UAE, Arabic is the official and national language of the emirate and is used in all official capacities. However, all traffic signs, information posts, and government press releases are additionally written in English. Tagalog and South Asian languages such as Hindi, Odia, Urdu, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali etc. are spoken widely by the residents of emirate. Russian is also used by the Russian and Central Asian community. Islam is the predominant religion in the emirate.

Education
There are several public and private schools in addition to universities in Sharjah, including the University of Sharjah, American University of Sharjah, Skyline College Sharjah, Al Qasimia University, Westford School of Management, Exeed School of Business and Finance Sharjah Men's College, and Sharjah Women's College. Some of these universities are located in one area called the University City. Private schools in the city include Wesgreen International School, Westminster School, Victoria English School, the Sharjah Indian School, Sharjah English School, Delta English School, Emirates National School, American Community School Sharjah, Indian School Sharjah, the International School of Choueifat, Sharjah, Sharjah High School, DPS Delhi Private School, Gulf Asian English School, Our Own English High School and the American School of Creative Science.

Human Rights

LGBTQ rights
In addition to the UAE federal laws which criminalize homosexuality, the penal code in Sharjah actively discriminates against LGBTQ individuals. For example, Article 176 of the Sharjah Penal Code (1970) punishes "unnatural crimes (Sodomy)"—defined as "sexual intercourse with another person in contravention of the laws of nature" or "allowing a male to have intercourse with them in contravention of the laws of nature"—with imprisonment up to 10 years. Article 181 establishes that "sexual intercourse" is deemed to have occurred once the sexual organ has entered in the slightest degree, regardless of whether that entry is accompanied by secretion of semen.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Sharjah can be divided into two different sectors, Public and Private. Public hospitals in the emirates are administered by the government of Sharjah through the Ministry of Health. The emirate also has 9 public medical centers to provide primary health care services.

Sports

The Sharjah Cricket Stadium has hosted almost 238 cricket One Day Internationals, more than any other ground, and 4 test cricket matches. Sharjah FC plays in the UAE Pro League. Sharjah also has a chess club.

The Sharjah Cricket Stadium was one of the three stadiums to hold IPL 2020 matches.

Notable people
 Ebtisam AbdulAziz
 Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almusallam
 Hussain Ayed
 Emira D'Spain
 Ahmed Khalil
 Shaykha al-Nakhi
 Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi
 Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi
 Asmaa al-Zarouni
 Abdullah bin Salem bin Theban

Gallery

See also

 Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
 Sharjah International Airport
 Sharjah Police Force
 Sharjah Art Foundation
 Hamriyah Port
 Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization
 Sharjah International Book Fair
 Sharjah Cup

References

External links

  Official website
 Official Sharjah Tourism Website
 Sharjah Media
 Sharjah Museums Department

Persian Gulf
Populated coastal places in the United Arab Emirates

Arab Capital of Culture


Donn Cothaid mac Cathail, King of Connacht, died 773.

Donn Cothaid was a King of Connacht from the Ui Fiachrach Muaidhe branch of the Connachta. He was the great-grandson of Dúnchad Muirisci mac Tipraite (died 683). He was the last member of this branch to hold the throne of Connacht and ruled from 768 to 773.

Descendants

Donn Cothaid's son, Connmhach mac Duinn Cothaid (died 787), was a later king of the Ui Fiachrach. A grandson, Dubda mac Conmac, was grandfather of Aed Ua Dubhda, eponym and ancestor of the O'Dowd Chiefs of the Name.

Family tree

Notes

See also
Kings of Connacht

References

 Annals of Ulster
 Francis J.Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings
 The Chronology of the Irish Annals, Daniel P. McCarthy

External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

773 deaths
Kings of Connacht
Monarchs from County Mayo
8th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown


Bois-d'Arcy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bœurs-en-Othe () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

External links

Communes of Yonne


Bléneau () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the historical region of Puisaye.

Geography
Bléneau, the administrative centre of its natural area, is a commune of around 1,289 inhabitants (in 2017) of the Puisaye area. The commune is on the site of an ancient route that crossed the Loing. The commune covers 3941 hectares and has forests, ponds and grazing lands on its territory. Bléneau is situated at 150 km from Paris, 56 km from Auxerre and 29 km from Gien.

Like the rest of Yonne, Bléneau is on the geological region of the Paris Bassin, but the natural area of Puisaye is characterized by the presence of Puisaye sand and the presence of groundwater that permeate the soil. Bléneau thus presents many wetland habitats and meadows on its territory.

There is a Natural site of importance (Natura 2000) on the territory of the commune, at the limit of the neighbouring commune of Saint-Privé. That natural site is composed of oligotrophic ponds where littorella plants grow and their adjacent damp meadows. The protected site presents a complexe ensemble of green landscapes, damp or dry, in every stage of plant colonisation.

History
Humane presence on the territory is present since Palaeolithic, and many silex tools were found, notably by André Huchet on a site near the limit of Bléneau and Saint-Privé. More than 2000 silex tools were collected on a territory of less than 25 hectares.

Tombs from the Gallo-Roman period were found in 1832 near the heart of the commune. Approximatively twenty tombs dug directly in coral-rag were discovered, inside which were human remains and a few metallic objects, amon others were a copper ring, an iron belt plate and an iron hook. All the individuals buried had their head pointing toward the east. Other tombs of the same period were found in the area. The presence of these tombstone indicate the presence of a roman upper class in the city.

The commune is first mentioned in the 6th century in an official text called "Statuts de Saint-Aunaire évèque d'Auxerre de 572 à 603" which listed the 38 parishes of Puisaye. The commune was listed under the name Blanoilus and is considered an important community of the area. The origin of the name Bléneau is unclear, and there are hypothesis of a gaulish or Celtic origin.

The city was on an ancient road called Voie des marchands, meaning "merchants' road", which connected Auxerre to Briare by crossing the Loing. Archeological researches in the area showed that there were notable Gallo-Roman settlements in the area, and sarcophagus and traces of iron mining were found near the commune.

The first feudal lords of the area are unknown, and the first known house governing Bléneau was the Saint-Verrain House that acquired it in 1286, and the fief got into the hands of the Courtenay House in 1328. The castellany stayed under their control until 1773, when they sold it to pay their debt.

The name of the commune if linked to the "battle of Bléneau" of 1652.

Sightseeing

Les jardins d'eau
The Jardins d'eau de Pierre Doudeau were created in 1994 and are now the property of the commune. Botanical garden combining water and green landscapes, the Jardin d'eau extends on 4 hectares and contains more than 800 plant species, many of them rare or endemic. Many waterfowls live in the park: ducks, swans, red-crested pochards, moorhens, etc. The island on the biggest pond of the parc has more than 5000 bulbs of daffodils. Every year during summer, a familial celebration is held in the garden.

Saint-Loup Church

Courtenay castle

Tower of the surrounding walls (Tour d'enceinte)

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

External links

 Official website of the commune (in French)
 Official website of Coeur de Puisaye, the area where the commune is situated

Communes of Yonne
Orléanais


Bleigny-le-Carreau () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Smolny Convent or Smolny Convent of the Resurrection (Voskresensky, Russian: Воскресенский новодевичий Смольный монастырь), located on Ploschad Rastrelli (Rastrelli Square), on the left bank of the River Neva in Saint Petersburg, Russia, consists of a cathedral (sobor) and a complex of buildings surrounding it, originally planned as a convent.

History
This Russian Orthodox convent was built to house Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. After she was disallowed succession to the throne, she opted to become a nun. However, her Imperial predecessor, Ivan VI, was overthrown during a coup d'état (carried out by the royal guards in 1741). Elizabeth decided against entering monastic life and accepted the offer of the Russian throne. Work on the convent continued with her royal patronage.

The convent's main church (catholicon or sobor), a blue-and-white building, is considered to be one of the architectural masterpieces of the Italian architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who also redesigned the Winter Palace, and created the Grand Catherine Palace (Yekaterininsky) in Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin), the Grand Palace in Peterhof and many other major St. Petersburg landmarks.

The Cathedral is the centerpiece of the convent, built by Rastrelli between 1748 and 1764. The projected bell-tower was to become the tallest building in St. Petersburg and, at the time, all of Russia. Elizabeth's death in 1762 prevented Rastrelli from completing this grand design.

When Catherine II assumed the throne, it was found that the new Empress strongly disapproved of the baroque style, and funding that had supported the construction of the convent rapidly ran out. Rastrelli was unable to build the huge bell-tower he had planned and unable to finish the interior of the cathedral. The building was only finished in 1835 by Vasily Stasov with the addition of a neo-classical interior to suit the changed architectural tastes at the time. The cathedral was consecrated on 22 July 1835; its main altar was dedicated to the Resurrection and the two side altars were dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene and Righteous Elizabeth.

The church was closed by the Soviet authorities in 1923. It was looted and allowed to decay until 1982, when it became a concert hall.

The faculties of sociology, political science and international relations of the Saint Petersburg State University are located in some of the buildings surrounding the cathedral.

In April 2015 Smolny Cathedral was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and is now an active Orthodox church, the Divine Liturgy is held daily.

The nearby Smolny Institute is named after the convent.

The name "Smolny" derives from the location. In the early days of St. Petersburg the place at the edge of the city where pitch ("smola" in Russian) was processed for use in shipbuilding and maintenance.  As a result, the locale was called "smolny" - the place of pitch.

References
Smolny Cathedral (Saint Petersburg)

Royal residences in Russia
Russian Orthodox monasteries in Russia
Monasteries in Saint Petersburg
Baroque architecture in Saint Petersburg
Christian monasteries established in the 18th century
Convents in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg


Alexander Harutyuni Bekzadyan (; 1879  August 1, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman of Armenian descent. After serving as Soviet ambassador to Norway and Hungary he was murdered during the Great Purge.

Early years
Alexander Harutyunyi (Artemi) Bekzadian was born in 1879 in Shusha, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russian Empire. He graduated from Shusha Real School. In 1900-1902 he studied at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In 1911, he graduated from the Faculty of Public Policy at the University of Zurich.

He was arrested in Russia as a member of the Baku and Transcaucasian Committees of the Bolshevik party but escaped in 1906. Bekzadyan participated in several conferences of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Europe and Russia and maintained close contact with the figures of the 2nd International from European parties. In 1914, he worked in Baku, then in the North Caucasus.

Soviet career
In 1920-21 he served as deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia and as the first People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. In December 1920 and January 1921, he sent notes to the Turkish government, demanding an end to atrocities against the Armenian population in the occupied Armenian territories, proposing to start negotiations for the return of Kars and Alexandropol to Soviet Armenia.

From 1926 to 1930 he was deputy chairman of the government of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Republic and People's Commissar of Trade. Bekzadyan served as the ambassador of the USSR in Norway (1930-1934) and then Hungary (1934–37).

Arrest, execution, and rehabilitation
On November 21, 1937, during the Great Purge, he was arrested and on charges of counter-revolutionary activities and was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court. On August 1, 1938, the sentence was carried out at the Kommunarka shooting ground. Bekzadyan was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

References

1879 births
1938 deaths
Armenian revolutionaries
Politicians from Shusha
People from Elizavetpol Governorate
University of Zurich alumni
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
Old Bolsheviks
Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union) politicians
Armenian atheists
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Norway
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Hungary
Great Purge victims from Armenia
Soviet rehabilitations
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union


Tanambogo is an islet in the Central Province of the Solomon Islands. It is one of the Florida Islands.

History
The first recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña on 16 April 1568. More precisely the sighting was due to a local voyage done by a small boat, in the accounts the brigantine Santiago, commanded by maestre de campo Pedro Ortega Valencia and having Hernán Gallego as pilot.

World War II
Along with the nearby island of Gavutu, it played an important role in the Guadalcanal campaign during World War II. In 1942 the Japanese attempted to establish a seaplane base on the island. On 7–9 August 1942, in the Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu–Tanambogo, elements of the U.S. 2nd Marine Regiment assaulted and occupied the island.

References

Islands of the Solomon Islands


Mark David Protosevich (born August 24, 1961) is an American screenwriter. He wrote the screenplays for the films Poseidon and I Am Legend.

Protosevich was born in Chicago, Illinois, and is an alumnus of Columbia College Chicago.

Protosevich also wrote the script for the unproduced Batman Unchained. In 2011, Steven Spielberg met with Protosevich to discuss story ideas for Jurassic Park IV. Protosevich wrote two story treatments for the film, neither of which were produced.

Filmography
Film

Television

References

External links

1961 births
Film producers from Illinois
American male screenwriters
Columbia College Chicago alumni
Living people
Screenwriters from Chicago


Richard Ross Terry, Jr. (born April 5, 1974) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played from 1997 to 1999 for the New York Jets and the Carolina Panthers. He played college football at the University of North Carolina. He was drafted by the Jets in the 2nd round of the 1997 NFL Draft.

References

1974 births
Living people
People from Lexington, North Carolina
Players of American football from North Carolina
American football defensive tackles
North Carolina Tar Heels football players
New York Jets players
Carolina Panthers players


Méré () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Massangis is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Mercy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Menades () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Marmeaux () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Marsangy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


"On the Trail of the Buffalo", also known as "The Buffalo Skinners" or "The Hills of Mexico", is a traditional American folk song in the western music genre.  It tells the story of an 1873 buffalo hunt on the southern plains.  According to Fannie Eckstorm, 1873 is correct, as the year that professional buffalo hunters from Dodge City first entered the northern part of the Texas panhandle.  It is thought to be based on the song Canaday-I-O.

According to extensive research carried out by Jürgen Kloss in 2010-2012, this song is one of the many variants of John B Freeman's "The Buffalo Song".

"The Buffalo Skinners"
"The Buffalo Skinners" is an American folk song which first appeared in John Lomax's Cowboy Songs, and Other Frontier Ballads in 1910. The song tells of crew of men hired in Jacksboro, Texas to go buffalo hunting north of the Pease River :

The song goes through many verses telling a humorous tale of the trials and tribulations they find on the hunt. The next to the last verse tells of how the trip ended:

The last verse ends with:

"Boggus Creek"
Another early variant called "Boggus Creek", collected by W.P. Webb, was first published in 1923. Webb considered it a variant to "The Buffalo Skinners" In "Boggus Creek" a group of cowboys are hired at the now abandoned cowtown at Fort Griffin, Texas, to work cattle in New Mexico:

In this variant, no one is killed but the song ends the same way, except instead of warning others about the "range of the buffalo" it says:

Recordings
 Woody Guthrie Recorded his version of "Buffalo Skinners" in 1945. It was first released on Struggle: Asch American Documentary, Vol. 1 (Asch 360, 1946, later Stinson 360, now SFW 40025) and is now also available on various CDs, for example on Buffalo Skinners: The Asch Recordings, Vol. 4 (Folkways SFW 40103) or The Early Years (Tradition FS-204)
 Hermes Nye Texas Folk Songs (1955, Folkways FW 02128)
 Ed McCurdy Songs of the Old West (1956, Elektra EKL 112)
 Raphael Boguslav Songs From A Village Garret (1956, Riverside RLP 12-638)
 John A. Lomax Jr. Sings American Folk Songs (1956, Folkways FW 03508)
 Pete Seeger At first on American Industrial Ballads (1956, Folkways SW 40058) and then on American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 5 (1962, Folkways SW 40154; this is an abbreviated version with five verses, the lyrics are from Lomax' original "Buffalo Skinners", the melody and accompaniment are closer to Woody Guthrie)
 Ramblin' Jack Elliott & Derroll Adams Roll On Buddy (1957, Topic 12T 105)
 Richard Dyer-Bennet Vol. 9 (1960, Dyer-Bennet DB 09000)
 Cisco Houston Sings the Songs of Woody Guthrie (1961, Vanguard VRS 9089) and later on Folk Song and Minstrelsy (1963, Vanguard RL-7624)
 Eric Von Schmidt Folk Blues of Eric Von Schmidt (1963, Prestige 7717)
 Carl Sandburg Cowboy Songs and Negro Spirituals (1964, Decca DL 9105)
 Jim Kweskin Relax Your Mind (1965, Vanguard VSD-79188)
 Johnny Cash With the title "New Mexico" (recorded at Sun Records circa 1955, unreleased until 1964)
 Johnny Horton "Out in New Mexico" in his 1965 Album I Can't Forget You
 Bob Dylan Recorded a variant, known as "The Hills of Mexico", along with covers of other Johnny Cash songs, during the Basement Tapes sessions (1967, officially released in 2014)
 Slim Critchlow Cowboy Songs: The Crooked Trail To Holbrook (1969, Arhoolie 479; includes also "John Garner's Trail Herd" and "The Crooked Trail To Holbrooke"; recorded 1957-63)
 John Renbourn Faro Annie (1971)
 Harry Tuft on The Continuing Tradition Volume 1: Ballads (1981, Folk-Legacy Records)
 Mosquito Cupid's Fist (1994)
 Sid Selvidge Twice-Told Tales (1994)
 Rich Lerner Trails and Bridges (1995)
 Ramblin' Jack Elliot South Coast (1995)
 Shakin' Apostles Medicine Show (1997)
 Tim O'Brien (musician) Fiddler's Green (2005)
 Gob Iron Death Songs for the Living (2006)
 Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby (2007)
 Willie Watson "Mexican Cowboy" on Folk Singer Vol. 1 (2014)
 Charlie Marks (musician) Honey Baby (2020)

Cultural references
The song is quoted by Fermilab News, in an article describing the nuclear research facility's herd of American bison.

See also
Cowman (profession)

References

Bibliography
Carr, Joe; Alan Munde. Prairie Nights to Neon Lights: The Story of Country Music in West Texas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press (1996).

 Lomax, John A., M.A. (1918) [1st pub. 1910. New York: Sturgis & Walton]. Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads (6th printing ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company.
Waltz, Robert B; David G. Engle. ""Boggy Creek" or "The Hills of Mexico" ". The Traditional Ballad Index: An Annotated Bibliography of the Folk Songs of the English-Speaking World. Hosted by California State University, Fresno, Folklore, 2007.
Waltz, Robert B; David G. Engle. "The Buffalo Skinners ". The Traditional Ballad Index: An Annotated Bibliography of the Folk Songs of the English-Speaking World. Hosted by California State University, Fresno, Folklore, 2007.
Webb, W.P. "Miscellany of Texas Folk-LOre" Coffee in the Gourd, pp. 47–63, J. Frank Dobie (ed.). Austin: Texas Folklore Society (1923).

American folk songs
Bob Dylan songs
Woody Guthrie songs
Songs about Texas
Bison hunting
Year of song unknown


Molinons () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Môlay () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Migé () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the natural region of Forterre.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Michery () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Mézilles () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the historical region of Puisaye.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Merry-sur-Yonne (, literally Merry on Yonne) is a commune in the Yonne Department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, north central France.

Les Rochers du Saussois

The Rochers du Saussois are a group of limestone cliffs situated on the right bank of the Yonne opposite and within the commune of Merry-sur-Yonne. They are a favourite location for rock-climbers.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Merry-Sec () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the natural region of Forterre.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Merry-la-Vallée () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Moutiers-en-Puisaye (, literally Moutiers in Puisaye) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the historical region of Puisaye. The parish church is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


"Ain't Nobody" is an R&B/hip hop soul mid-tempo song produced by Dallas Austin for American R&B singer Monica. It was featured on the Nutty Professor official soundtrack, and also was released as Miss Thangs fourth and final single on a double A-side with "Why I Love You So Much" on May 20, 1996. The double-A-side single became Monica's fourth top ten hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (Consecutive), reaching number 9 and number 3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.

Music video
The music video for "Ain't Nobody" was directed by David Nelson (known for his work for Donell Jones, Da Brat, 2Pac, R. Kelly and Nicole Wray) and was filmed in the Staten Island Ferry, in New York City. It also features scenes from the Nutty Professor movie, cut between Monica and Treach's scenes.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Ain't Nobody"
 "Ain't Nobody" (Main Mix)
 "Ain't Nobody" (No Rap)
 "Ain't Nobody (Quiet Storm Mix)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Notes

External links
 Monica music videos – watch "Ain't Nobody" at LAUNCHcast

1996 singles
Monica (singer) songs
Songs written by Dallas Austin
1996 songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Song recordings produced by Dallas Austin
Songs written by Treach


Moulins-sur-Ouanne (, literally Moulins on Ouanne) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Geography
The village lies in the middle of the commune, on the right bank of the Ouanne, which flows northwestward through the commune.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Mont-Saint-Sulpice () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Mouffy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the natural region of Forterre.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Molosmes () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Monéteau () is a commune in the Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, north central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Montacher-Villegardin () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Lunain, a tributary of the Loing.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Montigny-la-Resle () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Montillot () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

External links
Official website

Communes of Yonne


Montréal () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne
Yonne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Reshteh khoshkar () is the traditional cookie especially for Ramadan in Gilan Province, Iran. It is made of rice flour, and filled with sugar, ground walnuts or hazelnuts, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger and spice, fried in hot oil or fat. Made of rice flour, wheat flour, sugar, almonds, walnuts, and cinnamon, it is slowly fried in oil. Rice flour batter is poured in a small container with multiple holes such that the rice batter runs out of it as fountain. This container is then used to make a pattern on a hot skillet with the running rice batter. The hot skillet firms up the rice batter and makes a thin patterned sheet of rice pastry. A filling of crushed walnuts, sugar and sometimes other ingredients is placed in the center of the pastry and folded securely. This is then fried in oil and enjoyed.

References

Iranian pastries
Cookies
Turkish pastries


Lionel Barnes, Jr. (born April 19, 1976) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the St. Louis Rams, the Indianapolis Colts, and the Jacksonville Jaguars.

College career
Barnes played defensive end at the University of Louisiana-Monroe, leading the team in sacks with 16 in 1998, his senior season.

Professional career

Pre-draft

St. Louis Rams
Barnes was drafted by the Rams in the sixth round of the 1999 NFL Draft and was on the roster for two seasons, playing in four games.

Indianapolis Colts
After he was released by the Rams, the Colts signed Barnes and he played in seven games over the 2000 and 2001 NFL seasons.

Jacksonville Jaguars
In 2003, Barnes was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars. In his first season there he played in 13 games and made 13 tackles plus two sacks. The following year, he earned the starting job and started the first three games of the season. The Jaguars placed Barnes on injured reserve  in mid-October because of a shoulder injury. Barnes was hurt September 19, 2004, against Denver.

On April 4, 2005, the Jacksonville Jaguars released Barnes.

References

1976 births
Living people
Players of American football from New Orleans
American football defensive ends
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football players
St. Louis Rams players
Indianapolis Colts players
Jacksonville Jaguars players


Noé () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Nailly () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Moulins-en-Tonnerrois is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Neuilly () is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valravillon.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Former communes of Yonne


Neuvy-Sautour () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Nuits (; also known, though unofficially, as Nuits-sur-Armançon) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Armançon river
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Les Ormes () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

History
During World War II, the Yonne region fell under German occupation after the Battle of France in 1940. The area would again see fighting in August 1944 during Operation Houndsworth, in which local Maquis resistance fighters and British commandos from the Special Air Service were tasked with harassing German troops behind the frontlines.

On August 23, 1944, a detachment of commandos from C Squadron, 1st Special Air Service (led by Captain Derrick Harrison) stumbled upon a Waffen-SS unit preparing to execute local civilians in Les Ormes' town square. The two SAS jeeps opened fire on the Germans, and a brief firefight ensued before the commandos made their escape. Harrison estimated at least 60 German soldiers wounded or killed in action. One commando, Lance Corporal James 'Curly' Hall, was killed.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


"Movin' Too Fast" is a song by UK garage duo Artful Dodger, released on 26 July 1999. The song features Romina Johnson and was included on the duo's debut studio album, It's All About the Stragglers (2000). "Movin' Too Fast" was originally recorded by Johnson as a solo artist and appears on her 1998 debut album, Simply Passion, produced by Rolando Bacci Hardage. The Artful Dodger remix version of the track was first distributed as a white label vinyl release. After it was picked up by DJs, it was licensed to Locked On for mainstream distribution.

"Movin' Too Fast" did not chart following its original release, but after the success of "Re-Rewind", it was re-issued in February 2000 and reached  2 on the UK Singles Chart. The song has gone platinum in the United Kingdom for sales and streams exceeding 600,000. Outside the UK, the single reached the top 40 in Ireland and Norway as well as on the Canadian RPM Top 30 Dance chart. Capital Xtra included the song in their list of "The Best Old-School Garage Anthems of All Time".

Track listings
UK 12-inch single (1999)
A1. "Movin' Too Fast" (Artful Dodger original mix)
AA1. "Movin' Too Fast" (Artful Dodger dark dub)
AA2. "Movin' Too Fast" (Dark Dodger artful dub)

UK 12-inch single (2000)
A1. "Movin' Too Fast" (Bump & Flex vocal) – 6:30
A2. "Movin' Too Fast" (original mix) – 6:29
B1. "Movin' Too Fast" (Pussy 2000 vocal) – 6:48

UK CD and cassette single
 "Movin' Too Fast" (radio mix) – 3:56
 "Movin' Too Fast" (Bump & Flex vocal) – 6:30
 "Movin' Too Fast" (Pussy 2000 vocal) – 6:48

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

Cover versions
In 2018, the House & Garage Orchestra featuring Kayla Amor on vocals recorded an orchestral version for the UK garage covers album Garage Classics.

In 2019, a version by DJ Spoony with Katie Chatburn and the Ignition Orchestra featuring Paloma Faith on vocals was released as a promo single for the UK garage covers album Garage Classical.

In July 2020, former Britain's Got Talent contestant and Love Island winner Paige Turley released a version of the song as her debut single. The record was recorded with the House & Garage Orchestra (a project featuring Luck & Neat producer Shy Cookie in a manner similar to Pete Tong's recordings with Jules Buckley and the Heritage Orchestra) and was released by New State Music.

References

1998 songs
1999 singles
2000 singles
Artful Dodger (duo) songs
Locked On Records singles
UK Independent Singles Chart number-one singles
Remix singles


Pailly () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Brienon-sur-Armançon (, literally Brienon on Armançon) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


La Celle-Saint-Cyr () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Salajwe is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located in central Botswana, in Kalahari Desert, 70 km north-west of Letlhakeng. The population of Salajwe was 1,705 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Parly () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Pasilly is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Paroy-sur-Tholon () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Paron () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References
Official website

Communes of Yonne


Perceneige () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Passy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Geography
The altitude of the village of Passy is of approximately 95 meters. The surface of Passy is 5.74 square kilometers. The latitude and longitude of Passy are 48.109 degrees North and 3.304 degrees East. Towns in the vicinity of Passy are :

Population
The population of Passy was 304 inhabitants in 2007, a very small increase compared to 1999 ( 301 ). There were 223 inhabitants in 1990, 197 inhabitants in 1982, 219 inhabitants in 1975 and 169 inhabitants in 1968.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Sahak Mirzayi Ter-Gabrielyan (;  1886 – 19 August 1937) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet Armenian statesman.

Born in Shushi to the family of a tailor, he became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902. From 1904, he was a communist activist in Baku. In 1918 during the period of the Baku Commune, he was the minister of oil and the chairman of the Emergency Commission. In 1920 he served as a member of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia, then in 1921 became the permanent representative of Armenian SSR (later from 1923 to 1928 – of the Transcaucasian SFSR) in the Russian SFSR. From 1928 to 1935 he was the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Armenian SSR (equivalent of prime minister).

In 1931, Ter-Gabrielyan openly opposed Joseph Stalin's decision to appoint Lavrentiy Beria second secretary of the Communist Party's regional committee of the Transcaucasian SFSR. In August 1937, Ter-Gabrielyan fell victim to the Great Purge. According to the official report presented to Stalin, Ter-Gabrielyan was arrested and purportedly committed suicide by jumping out of a second-floor window.

References

1886 births
1937 deaths
Great Purge victims from Armenia
Armenian people executed by the Soviet Union
Politicians from Shusha
Heads of government of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union) politicians
Armenian atheists
Soviet Armenians
People from Elizavetpol Governorate


Les Bordes () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Ngware is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 42 kilometers north-east of Letlhakeng. The population of Ngware was 1 124 in 2022, according to Population and Housing Census 2022 Population of Cities and Towns.

Ngware is located 125 kilometers northwest of Botswana's capital city, Gaborone, and 75 kilometers north of Molepolole, along the Molepolole- Lephepe road branch from Hatsalatladi westward through Botlhapatlou on gravel road into the valley-shaped village of Ngware (37 kilometers from Hatsalatladi). Ngware is 42 kilometres north-east of Letlhakeng by an alternate road. Before Letlhakeng was designated as a sub-district, Ngware's headquarters were at Molepolole. Ngware is strategically placed between three major villages: Botlhapatlou, which is 18 kilometers away, Malwelwe, which is 20 kilometers away, and Diphuduhudu, which is 16 kilometers north of Ngware. The community is home to two major agricultural establishments: the Ramoalosi Artificial Insemination Ranch and the Matlolakgang Agricultural Research Centre, both of which have had a good economic and agricultural impact on the people' livelihoods.

The historical image of Ngware Village

Ngware is part of the Bakwena domain and is located in the Kgalagadi basin. Through ancestry or kinship, the people of Ngware are related to the Bakwena, Bakgalagadi, and Basarwa. From the 1700s to the 1900s, Bakwena from Molepolole grazed their animals and ploughed in Ngware, which eventually became a village after the village leadership settled from Mmamonageng and Dinonyane farms.

Education and Health

Prior to the 1980s, people of Ngware had to travel 75 kilometres to Molepolole for health care. In the 1990s, the Botswana government erected a modest Health Post in Ngware, which was responsible for providing primary health care, such as child immunisation, vaccination, extra feeding for toddlers, and prescription administration to out-patients. The health post had a general nurse and an auxiliary officer who were in charge of carrying out the above mandate. The health post was renovated to a full clinic in 1998, including a maternity room, consultation rooms, dispensary, storerooms, and a caravan used for HIV/AIDS counselling, as well as a guard room and garden. With the help of the Village Health Committee, Green Scorpion, and other minor Committees that promote community involvement activities, the staff establishment grew from three officers to over five.

The rise of HIV/AIDS cases in the community has a significant impact on health-care services such as privacy and confidentiality. HIV/AIDS patients visited Scottish Livingstone Hospital in Molepolole for exams and counselling. It was an expensive and exhausting excursion that required patients to travel 75km, 37km of which was tarred road, jeopardizing their health. The radius from Ngware to Molepolole prevented patients access to health care, resulting in greater noncompliance and, in some cases, death. As a result, parents, breadwinners, orphans, and vulnerable children were lost.

Notable Leaders and their Contributions to Ngware Village Development

Sekate Simane's Contribution to Ngware's development

Former President Festus Gontenyane Mogae bestowed the Presidential Order of Meritorious Service in Exceptional Service to Botswana on Mr. Simane Sekate in 2007. Mr. Sekate is a Ngware resident who worked tirelessly to construct Ngware Primary School from the late 1970s to the 1990s. Mr. Simane also collected and delivered mail from Molepolole to Ngware, Mmamonageng, and Dinonyane, either barefoot or on horse or donkey back. He also worked with officers from the Bechuanaland Police Force and the Botswana Police Force.

Selatlho's Contribution to Ngware's development

Selatlho's finest sons include Phaladi, Kelelekilwe (the father of Motlhanka and Koontse), and Phiri (Gothatamang and Ontatlhile Justin Selatlho, among others). Ramhata (the father to Gobenamang), Moterebe (the father to Sebokos, Nnoge, Thupe) grew up and stayed in the greater Ngware area of Masasabego, Dinonyane, Marapoatau, Makgotshane, Mazane, Diphuduhudu, Seitsante, Ramosetsanyana, Xolo and major parts of Selepesekae in the early 1900s across the years of 1980s. They recreated the current Ngware that survived the relocation, which was ordered by Kelelekilwe and cronies (Koontse, Motlhanka, and Phiri) in the early 1970s to ask the settlers in Ngware and Ngwarenyana to relocate the hamlet to Mmamonageng.

Selatlho's oldest son was not delighted by his younger siblings' transfer plan, particularly Koontse, whom he cursed for getting lost on his route to Ngware and Ngwarenyana. Because of Phaladi's magician and natural skills, Koontse and his fellow travellers became lost on their journey. After trekking over 15 kilometres the next day, they encountered a strong resistance from Kobelwane and his sons, particularly Sekanoko, who were quite wealthy at the time and controlled the settlers in Ngware and Mmamonageng. Today, we can clearly perceive a contradictory interaction between the aforementioned personalities that comprise Ngware. To this day, the Selatlho and Kobekwane families control Ngware's aristocracy.

On 10 February 2019, Ontatlhile Justin Selatlho, the then-area councilor (2014- 2019) and expert on Ngware oral history, revealed that,

"Actually, motse was supposed to go to Mmamonageng, and Phaladi was among those who refused! Ha Phiri (Rra Gothatamang), a goroga a tswa mineng, was assigned to bring his elder brother Phaladi to Mmamonageng. Phaladi o ne ka ditlhare ba timela gangwe le gape ha ba ya kwa go ene. He had his kraal (lelwapa) at Kokoruma throughout those years. Because Phaladi liked his brother, Phiri, he accompanied him to Mmamonageng for a kgotla meeting. It was decided at that meeting to "gore mmu wa Mmamonageng ga o a siamela temo. Sese le Kokoruma and Masasabego ke gone ha go tla boelwa. All three locations were close to "mogobe wa Ngware." Sese and Kokoruma were "megobe," which were magnets that drew people together in such areas. Go bo go nowa kwa Ngware, e ne e re ha megobe ye e kgadile.

I believe the migration took place between the 1940s and the 1950s. This is primarily due to the fact that sediba sa Kokoruma, Dinonyane, se phuntswe ka the late 1950s. Se biditswe Dinonyane ka gore "basimane" ba rata go tsoma dinonyane teng. Karabo e re ba ile dinonyane(ng), leina le bo le fetoga ka tsela e."

 References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Brannay () is a commune in the Yonne department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Brosses () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bussy-en-Othe () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bussy-le-Repos () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Butteaux () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Carisey () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Michael Seneca Hawthorne (born January 26, 1977) is a former cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. In the NFL, he played for the New Orleans Saints, the Green Bay Packers, and the St. Louis Rams.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1977 births
Living people
Players of American football from Sarasota, Florida
American football cornerbacks
American football safeties
Purdue Boilermakers football players
New Orleans Saints players
Green Bay Packers players
St. Louis Rams players
Tampa Bay Storm players


Censy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Branches () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Wizard is a game system of medieval fantasy magical combat published by Metagaming in 1978 that was designed to compliment the previously published  Melee, a system of melee combat rules. Forty years later, Wizard was revived and re-released by Steve Jackson Games.

Gameplay
The previously published Melee had outlined the rules of melee combat using two physical ability scores, Strength (ST) and Dexterity (DT), to determine success. Wizard is an expansion of the Melee tactical system that adds magical combat. Like Melee, it also uses Strength and Dexterity scores, but adds IQ as a third ability score to determine the number and type of spells that can be learned.

At the time Wizard was published, most games that required character generation used random dice rolls to generate ability scores. Wizard and Melee were some of the first games, if not the first, to use a point-buy system: each player was given a fixed number of points with which to buy their character's three abilities.
Strength governs how much fatigue the figure could endure while casting spells, with each spell having a fatigue cost associated with it. Casting a spell causes a temporary drain on one's strength score, limiting the number of spells one can cast in a given period of time before resting.
Dexterity is used to determine if a spell is successfully cast: the player casting the spell rolls three dice; if the sum is less than the spellcaster's Dexterity score, the spell works.
IQ determines the number and complexity of spells a figure can learn, with one spell per point of IQ. A high IQ score – up to 16 – allows the use of more varied and powerful spells. IQ also determines whether or not an Image or Illusion spell cast by an opponent can be disbelieved.

The concept of armor is also introduced in Wizard. Wearing armor reduces the number of hit points from opponents' successful attacks, but penalizes the character's Dexterity score.

Game components of Wizard include a hex sheet for use as a map, a set of rules, and laminated counters to be used for characters and opponents.

Development and publication history
In 1977, Metagaming Concepts pioneered the concept of the microgame, a small, simple wargame packaged in a ziplock bag. The first in Metagaming's MicroGame line was Ogre, a mini-wargame designed by Metagaming employee Steve Jackson. The third game in the MicroGame series was Jackson's Melee, and #6 was Wizard, published by Metagaming in 1978.

Both Melee and Wizard were expanded and re-released as Advanced Wizard and Advanced Melee, with many role-playing elements added to the basic fantasy combat system.

Melee, Wizard and gamemaster supplement In the Labyrinth eventually formed Metagaming's The Fantasy Trip (TFT) fantasy role-playing system in 1980. Jackson had wanted TFT published as one boxed set, but when Howard Thompson, owner of Metagaming, decided to release it as four separate books instead of a boxed set, and changed his production methods so that Jackson would not be able to check the final proofs of the game, Jackson left Metagaming and founded Steve Jackson Games later that year.

When Steve Jackson released Generic Universaal Roleplaying System (GURPS) in 1986, some of the concepts used in Wizard were used in the GURPS fantasy supplements.

In late 2017, Jackson used a provision of U.S. copyright law to reclaim the rights to The Fantasy Trip, allowing Steve Jackson Games to re-release Wizard in 2019.

Reception
In the January 1980 edition of Dragon (Issue 33), Brad McMillan liked the quality of the game components, as well as the advantages that the new point-buy system for abilities had over random determination by dice. McMillan recommended Wizard  and its companion piece, Melee, saying, "Wizard is an excellent game and well worth the purchase price of $3.95. With the addition of Melee, weapon combat can be added for a wider range of tactical possibilities. Wizard and Melee were designed to mesh, and they do so well. This game offers an innovative alternative to chance-determined characters."

Steve Perrin reviewed Advanced Wizard for Different Worlds magazine and stated that "Like its partners, this is a well-done set of rules and well deserves purchase."

In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman commented, "Wizard is really the completion of Melee. Though it is playable in its own right, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts." Freeman concluded by giving the game an Overall Evaluation of "Very Good", saying, "With the microgame reputation for simplicity and economy, it may be too good a bargain to be taken as seriously as it deserves."

In Issue 27 of Simulacrum, Brian Train noted, "Together with Melee, this set of simple rules for magical combat formed the framework for an array of expansions (Advanced Melee and Advanced Wizard) and associated
games that are best with both base games."

Other reviews and commentary
Pegasus #10 (Oct. 1982)
Magia i Miecz (Issue 5 – 1993) (Polish)
Fantastic Science Fiction, October 1980
The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games

References

External links
 The Museum of Role-Playing Games

Board games introduced in 1978
Fantasy board games
Steve Jackson (American game designer) games
Metagaming Concepts games


Mantshwabisi is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 45 km north-west of Molepolole, along the Molepolole–Letlhakeng road. The population of Mantshwabisi was 464 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Moshaweng is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 60 km west of Molepolole. The population of Moshaweng was 974 in 2001 census.

It was the ancient name of Gaborone.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


New Yorker Films is an independent film distribution company founded by Daniel Talbot in 1965. It started as an extension of his Manhattan movie house, the New Yorker Theater, founded in 1960, after a film's producer would not allow for a movie's single booking. It went out of business in 2009 and was revived the next year with its acquisition by Aladdin Distribution.

Background
Through New Yorker Films, Talbot aimed to import foreign films that were not otherwise available in the US market. His first acquisition for distribution was the Bernardo Bertolucci debut film Before the Revolution (1964). Other early acquisitions, such as  Jean-Luc Godard's Les Carabiniers (1963) and Ousmane Sembène's Black Girl (1966), helped establish New Yorker Films as a presenter of innovative, artistically significant, and politically engaged films from around the world.

Titles introduced

New Yorker Films helped gain an audience for controversial and challenging works avoided by other distributors in the United States. Some of these included Jacques Rivette's Celine and Julie Go Boating;  Wayne Wang's Chan Is Missing; Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles; Claude Lanzmann's documentary Shoah; Emir Kusturica's Underground; the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay; Rainer Werner Fassbinder's The Marriage of Maria Braun; Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God; and Jean Eustache's The Mother and the Whore.

Trends introduced
New Yorker Films considered itself the primary force in introducing the United States to New German Cinema, the politically embattled Latin American cinema, and the postcolonial African cinema. It discovered the early breakthrough works of such now-celebrated filmmakers as Agnieszka Holland, Juzo Itami, Errol Morris, Wayne Wang, and Zhang Yimou. Later it explored new frontiers in Iranian, Asian, and Eastern European cinema.

Non-theatrical market
New Yorker Films also serviced the non-theatrical market, catering to the specialized needs of film society and classroom venues not generally served by larger film providers. The New Yorker Films library includes titles from leading independent and foreign film distributors such as Sony Pictures Classics, First Look, and Lions Gate Entertainment.

Ownership by Madstone Films and Aladdin Distribution LLC
In 2002, New Yorker Films was acquired by Madstone Films. On February 23, 2009, New Yorker Films posted a notice on its Web site announcing it had gone out of business. An e-mail from company vice president José Lopez, published on the IndieWire news site, confirmed that the company's demise was the result of its parent company's defaulting on a loan.

In February 2010, a year after it ceased operations, it was announced that Aladdin Distribution LLC, headed by Christopher Harbonville and David Raphel, had acquired the company and its library.  Former vice president José Lopez was named president, and New Yorker Films officially restarted operations on March 8, 2010. Since the revival, its acquisitions have included My Dog Tulip, Octubre, Turn Me On, Dammit!, and the re-release of Jacques Rivette's classic Celine and Julie Go Boating.

End of the company
As of February 2018, the official company website NewYorkerFilms.com only has a placeholder image, and many of its DVDs have been out of print for at least a year.

References

External links
Official New Yorker Films website
New Yorker Films at the Internet Movie Database

Film distributors of the United States
Entertainment companies established in 1965


West Chinnock is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of West and Middle Chinnock, in the Somerset district, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. It is  north east of Crewkerne. It occupies a central position east of the road that links Crewkerne to the A303 road and is mainly south of a brook that feeds nearby into the Parrett. The village forms the civil parish of West and Middle Chinnock with the neighbouring village of Middle Chinnock.  The parish has a population of 592 (2011 census).

West Chinnock was a separate civil parish until 1884.  It then absorbed the parish of Middle Chinnock.  In 2003 the parish was renamed West and Middle Chinnock. In 1881 the parish (prior to the merge) had a population of 418.

History

The origin of the name Chinnock is uncertain.  It may be derived from the Old English cinu meaning ravine or cinn meaning a chin shaped hill, with the addition of ock meaning little.  An alternative derivation may be an old hill-name of Celtic origin.

The Chinnocks were held as one estate in Saxon times by Wynflaed under Shaftesbury Abbey but by the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066 East Chinnock, West Chinnock and Middle Chinnock had been separated.

Governance
The parish council has co-responsibility for some local issues so sets an annual precept (local rate) to cover its costs and makes annual accounts for public scrutiny. It can submit its evaluation report into all planning applications and works with police, other councils' officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime/security, traffic and highways. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and the environment can be in its reports and initiatives. It maintains and repairs some of, and consults with both higher-tier councils, as to more of, sports/leisure facilities, verges, parks, surface water drainage, paths, public transit and street cleaning.

The village is in the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 from part of Yeovil Rural District. It is responsible for local planning and building control, most of the streetscenes and parks, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, and tourism.
As to those councillors it is in its 'Parrett' electoral ward. This stretches from Chiselborough in the north, via East Chinnock to North Perrott in the south. The ward population at the 2011 census was 2,336.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and  fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is served by the Yeovil seat in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Landmarks
The Manor Farmhouse in West Chinnock retains large parts from the late 16th or early 17th century thus is in the middle category of listed buildings.

Church

Ecclesiastically the parish of West Chinnock is now part of the united benefice of Norton-sub-Hamdon, West Chinnock, Chiselborough and Middle Chinnock.

The parish Church of Saint Mary has 13th-century origins but was totally rebuilt in the 19th century.

Notable residents
 The second of the Austin baronets, died November 1940, was finally resident here.
Retired brigadier Cyrus Greenslade, OBE, MBE, Legion of Merit (U.S.): Commander died aged 93, owner-occupier of the Manor House.
Retired director of the British Banking Association, then AIB, Timothy Patrick Sweeney (born 1944) – a resident of West Chinnock.
Retired major Ronald Williams (Liberal politician), the 1923–1924 MP of the Sevenoaks seat, Kent, died 1971 – his latter home at: West Chinnock.

Gallery

References

External links

Villages in South Somerset
Former civil parishes in Somerset


Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring the actor and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan.  In this ten-minute recording, Reagan "criticized Social Security for supplanting private savings and warned that subsidized medicine would curtail Americans' freedom" and that "pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him." Roger Lowenstein called the LP part of a "stealth program" conducted by the American Medical Association (see Operation Coffee Cup).

Summary
Reagan opens by saying that in 1927 socialist Norman Thomas said that the American people would never vote for socialism, but "under the name of liberalism the American people would adopt every fragment of the socialist program." Snopes.com calls this attribution probably false, arguing that "no one has ever been able to turn up a source".

Reagan says that "Government has invaded the free precincts of private citizens," stating that the U.S. government owns "1/5 of the total industrial capacity of the United States." Reagan says "One of the traditional methods of imposing statism or socialism on a people has been by way of medicine. It's very easy to disguise a medical program as a humanitarian project, most people are a little reluctant to oppose anything that suggests medical care for people who possibly can't afford it." Reagan cites the failure of president Harry S. Truman's national health insurance proposal as evidence of the American people's rejection of socialized medicine.

Reagan describes Representative Aime Forand as having introduced a bill which would institute "compulsory health insurance" for all people of social security age. Forand is quoted as having said, "If we can only break through and get our foot inside the door, then we can extend the program after that." Forand is likened to labor union leader Walter Reuther, who is quoted as having said, "It's no secret that the United Automobile Workers is officially on record of backing a program of national health insurance." The Forand bill is described as being praised by socialists: "They say once the Forand bill is passed this nation will be provided with a mechanism for socialized medicine capable of indefinite expansion in every direction until it includes the entire population. Now we can't say we haven't been warned."

Reagan describes Representative Cecil R. King of California as the successor to Congressman Forand in his support for a bill that would provide senior citizens with medical care. (The 1962 King-Anderson bill is often described as a precursor to the Social Security Act of 1965, which established Medicare.) Reagan cites the expansion of private health insurance and the passage of the 1960 Kerr-Mills Act, which provided federal funds to states to cover the "medically needy," as evidence that King's legislation is unnecessary. Reagan concludes that the new bill is "simply an excuse to bring about what they wanted all the time: socialized medicine." Reagan warns against the danger of encroaching on the relationship between patients and doctors, and of an attack on doctors' freedoms.

Reagan encourages his listeners to join a letter-writing campaign to Congress with the message, "We do not want socialized medicine." Reagan quotes Representative Charles A. Halleck of Indiana as having said, "When the American people wants something from Congress, regardless of its political complexion, if they make their wants known, Congress does what the people want." Reagan warns that if his listeners do not stop the proposed medical program, "behind it will come other government programs that will invade every area of freedom as we have known it in this country until one day as Norman Thomas said we will wake to find that we have socialism." Under this scenario, Reagan says, "We are going to spend our sunset years telling our children and our children's children, what it once was like in America when men were free."

Criticism
In 1966 Governor Pat Brown, campaigning for re-election against Reagan, said of Reagan's speech about socialized medicine, that Reagan was "an enemy of social progress," who had "hired" out to the American Medical Association. In response, Reagan accused him of "pure demagoguery" in suggesting that California's elderly had reason to fear a Reagan victory in the race for governor.

In 1980 President Jimmy Carter, campaigning for re-election against Reagan, told crowds that: "As a traveling salesman for the American Medical Association campaign against Medicare, [Reagan] sowed the fear that Medicare would mean socialism and that it would lead to the destruction of our freedom."  When the subject arose in a televised debate in late October, Reagan responded: "When I opposed Medicare, there was another piece of legislation meeting the same problem before Congress.  I happened to favor the other piece of legislation and thought it would be better for the senior citizens. ... I was not opposing the principle of providing care for them..." Carter's campaign accused Reagan of "rewriting history", saying that there was no such alternative legislation.

References

External links
 Transcript of the album
 Transcript of the speech with audio
 Recording in its entirety from YouTube

1961 speeches
Healthcare reform in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Spoken word albums by American artists
1961 debut albums
Ronald Reagan albums
American Medical Association
Works about socialism


Ditshegwane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 15 km south-west of Letlhakeng. The population of Ditshegwane was 1,766 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana