(,  "Eastern worker") was a Nazi German designation for foreign slave workers gathered from occupied Central and Eastern Europe to perform forced labor in Germany during World War II. The Germans started deporting civilians at the beginning of the war and began doing so at unprecedented levels following Operation Barbarossa in 1941. They apprehended Ostarbeiter from the newly-formed German districts of Reichskommissariat Ukraine, District of Galicia (itself attached to the General Government), and Reichskommissariat Ostland. These areas comprised German-occupied Poland and the conquered territories of the Soviet Union. According to Pavel Polian, although the Ostarbeiter from most occupied territories were predominantly men, of the "eastern workers" taken from occupied Soviet territories over 50% were women, and of those from Poland nearly 30% were women. Eastern workers included ethnic Ukrainians, Poles, Belarusians, Russians, Armenians, Tatars, and others. Estimates of the number of Ostarbeiter range between 3 million and 5.5 million.

By 1944, most new workers were under the age of 16 because those older were usually conscripted for service in Germany; 30% were as young as 12–14 years of age when taken from their homes. The age limit was reduced to 10 in November 1943. Ostarbeiter were often the victims of rape, and tens of thousands of pregnancies due to rape occurred.

Ostarbeiter often received starvation rations and were forced to live in guarded labor camps. Many died from starvation, overwork, bombing (they were frequently denied access to bomb shelters), abuse, and execution by the German overseers. These workers were often denied wages; when they did get paid, they received payment in a special currency which could only be used to buy specific products at the camps where they lived.

Following the war, the occupying powers repatriated many of the over 2.5 million liberated Ostarbeiter. Those returning to the USSR suffered from social ostracism. American authorities banned the repatriation of Ostarbeiter in October 1945, and some of them immigrated to the U.S. as well as to other non eastern-bloc countries. In 2000 the German government and thousands of German companies made a one-time payment of just over € 5 billion to Ostarbeiter victims of the Nazi regime.

Terminology

The official German records for the late summer of 1944 listed 7.6 million foreign civilian workers and prisoners of war in the territory of the "Greater German Reich", who for the most part had been brought there by force. Thus, they represent roughly a quarter of all registered workers in the entire economy of the German Reich at that time.

A class system was created amongst the Fremdarbeiter (foreign workers) brought to Germany. The multi-layered system was based on layers of national hierarchies. The Gastarbeitnehmer, the so-called "guest workers" from Germanic countries, Scandinavia, and Italy, had the highest status. The Zwangsarbeiter (forced workers) included Militärinternierte (military internees), POWs, Zivilarbeiter (civilian workers); and primarily Polish prisoners from the General Government. They received reduced wages and food rations and had to work longer hours than the former, could not use public facilities (such as public transportation, restaurants, or churches), were forbidden to possess certain items and some were required to wear a sign – the "Polish P" – attached to their clothing. The Ostarbeiter were the Eastern workers, primarily from Reichskommissariat Ukraine. They were marked with a badge reading "OST" (East) and were subject to even harsher conditions than the civilian workers. They were forced to live in special camps that were fenced with barbed wire and under guard, and were particularly exposed to the arbitrariness of the Gestapo and the commercial industrial plant guards. At the end of the war 5.5 million Ostarbeiter were returned to the USSR.

History
At the end of 1941, a new crisis developed in Germany. Following the mobilization of men into its massive armies, the country faced a shortage of labour in support of its war industries. To help overcome this shortage, Göring decreed to bring in people from the territories seized during Operation Barbarossa in Central and Eastern Europe. These workers were called Ostarbeiter. The crisis deepened as the war with the Soviet Union went on. By 1944, the policy turned into mass abductions of virtually anyone to fulfill the labour needs of the Organisation Todt among other similar projects; 40,000 to 50,000 Polish children aged 10 to 14 were kidnapped by the German occupational forces and transported to Germany proper as slave labourers during the so-called Heuaktion. The Heuaktion () was an acronym for allegedly homeless, parentless and unhoused children gathered in lieu of their guardians. After arriving in Germany, the children were handed over to Reich Labour Service or the Junkers aircraft works. The secondary purpose of these abductions was to pressure the adult populations further to register in place of children.

Recruitment and kidnapping

Initially a recruiting campaign was launched in January 1942 by Fritz Sauckel for workers to go to Germany. "On January 28 the first special train will leave for Germany with hot meals in Kiev, Zdolbuniv and Przemyśl", offered an announcement. The first train was full when it departed from Kiev on January 22.

The advertising continued in the following months. "Germany calls you! Go to Beautiful Germany! 100,000 Ukrainians are already working in free Germany. What about you?" ran a Kiev newspaper ad on March 3, 1942. Word got back however, of the sub-human slave conditions that Ukrainians met in Germany and the campaign failed to attract sufficient volunteers. Forced recruitment was implemented, although propaganda still depicted the workers as volunteers.

When the news about the terrible conditions many Ostarbeiter faced in Germany came back to Ukraine, the pool of volunteers dried up. The Germans resorted to mass round-ups, often targeting large gatherings such as church congregations and crowds at sporting events, with entire groups simply marched off at gunpoint to waiting cattle trucks and deported to Germany.

Nannies

One special category was that of young women recruited to act as nannies; Hitler argued that many women would like to have children, and many of them were restricted by the lack of domestic help.  (This was one of many efforts made to promote the birth rate.) Since the nannies would be in close company with German children as well as in a position where they might be sexually exploited, they were required to be suitable for Germanization. Himmler spoke of thus winning back German blood and benefiting the women, too, who would have a social rise through working in Germany and even the chance to marry there. They could be assigned only to families with many children who would properly train the nannies as well. These assignments were carried out by the NS-Frauenschaft. Originally, this recruitment was carried out only in the annexed territories of Poland, but the lack of women who passed screening extended it to all of Poland, and also to occupied territories of the USSR.

Conditions
Within Germany Ostarbeiter lived either in private camps owned and managed by the large companies, or in special camps guarded by privately paid police services known as the Werkschutz. They worked an average of 12 hours a day, six days a week. They were paid approximately 30% of German workers' wages; however, most of the money went toward food, clothing and board. The labor authorities, the RSHA Arbeitskreis, complained that many firms viewed these former Soviet civilian workers as "civilian prisoners", treated them accordingly, and paid no wages at all to them.  Those who received pay got specially printed paper money and savings stamps, which they could use only for the purchase of a limited number of items in special camp stores. By law they were given worse food rations than other forced labor groups. Starvation rations and primitive accommodation were given to these unfortunates in Germany.

The Ostarbeiter were restricted to their compounds, in some cases labor camps. Being ethnically Slavic, they were classified by German authorities as the Untermenschen ("sub-humans"), who could be beaten, terrorized, and killed for their transgressions. Those who tried to escape were hanged where other workers could see their bodies. Escape or leaving without authorization or was punished by death. The Nazis issued a ban on sexual relations between Germans and the Easterners. On 7 December 1942 Himmler called for any "unauthorized sexual intercourse" to be punishable by death. In accordance with these new racial laws all sexual relations, even those that did not result in pregnancy, were severely punished as Rassenschande (racial pollution). During the war, hundreds of Polish and Russian men were executed for their sexual relations with German women, even though the main offenders by far – wrote Ulrich Herbert – were the French and Italian civilian workers who were not prohibited from social contacts with them.

Rape of female Ostarbeiter was extremely common and led to tens of thousands of pregnancies caused by rape. The victims began giving so many unwanted births that hundreds of special Nazi birthing centres for foreign workers had to be created in order to dispose of their infants.

Many Ostarbeiter died when Allied bombing raids targeted the factories where they worked and the German authorities refused to allow them into bomb shelters. Many also perished because the German authorities ordered that "they should be worked to death".

Nazi authorities attempted to reproduce such conditions on  farms, ordering farmers to integrate the workers into their workforce while enforcing total social separation, including not permitting them to eat at the same table, but this proved far more difficult to enforce.  Sexual relationships in particular were able to take place despite efforts to raise German women's "racial consciousness".  When Germany's military situation worsened, these workers' conditions often improved as the farmers tried to protect themselves against a defeat.

Native German workers served as foremen and supervisors over the forced labour in factories, and therefore no solidarity developed between foreigners and German nationals. The German workers became accustomed to inequalities raised by racism against the workers and became indifferent to their plight.

Statistics

During the German occupation of Central and Eastern Europe in World War II (1941–44) over three million people were taken to Germany as Ostarbeiter. Some estimates put the number as high as 5.5 million. Between two-thirds and three-quarters of the over 3,000,000 Ostarbeiter were Ukrainians. Kondufor wrote that 2,244,000 Ukrainians were forced into slave labor in Germany during World War II. Another statistic puts the total at 2,196,166 for Ukrainian Ostarbeiter slaves in Germany. Both of these statistics probably exclude the several hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians from Halychyna, so a final total could be about 2.5 million.

There were slightly more female than male Ostarbeiter. They were employed in agriculture, mining, armament manufacturing, metal production, and railroads. Ostarbeiter were initially sent to intermediate camps, where laborers were picked out for their assignments directly by representatives of labor-starved companies. Ford-Werke in Cologne and Opel in Rüsselsheim and Brandenburg each employed thousands of such Ostarbeiter at their plants.

Some Ostarbeiter worked for private firms, although many were employed in the factories making armaments. These factories were prime targets for Allied bombing. The Ostarbeiter were considered to be quite productive and efficient. Males were thought to be the equivalent of 60-80% of a German worker, and women — 90-100%. Two million Ukrainians worked mostly in the armaments factories, including the V-2 rocket factory at Peenemünde.

According to Alexander Dallin, as of December 1944, the numbers of deployment were:

Pregnancy

To prevent Rassenschande (violation of German racial laws by the native Germans), the farmers were given propaganda leaflets about miscegenation, which were completely ineffective. The rampant sexual abuse of Polish and Soviet female Ostarbeiters at the hands of their overseers led to tens of thousands of unwanted births. A staggering 80 percent of rapes occurred on farms where Polish girls worked. The newborns were secretly euthanized in Nazi birthing centres. At Arbeitslagers the infants were killed on site. The Western factory workers had brothels. Easterners did not. They were supposed to be recruited in equal numbers of men and women, so brothels would not be needed. Female labourers were always housed in separate barracks. Nevertheless, they were suspected by the SS of "cheating their way out of work" by conceiving. The earlier policy of sending them home to give birth, was replaced by the Reichsführer-SS in 1943 with a special abortion decree. Contrary to the Nazi law against German abortions, the Ostarbeiter women were usually forced to abort.

Occasionally, when the female worker and the baby's father were "of good blood" (for example, Norwegian), the child might prove "racially valuable." In such cases, the parentage was investigated and both parents tested. If they passed, the woman would be permitted to give birth, and the child was removed for Germanization.  If the woman was found particularly suitable, she might be placed at a Lebensborn institution. However, when the born children did not pass, they were put in the Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätte facilities, where up to 90 percent of them would die a torturous death due to calculated abandonment.

In some rural areas, the authorities found that German farm-wives were inclined to care for children born to their workers, along with their own children. Attempts were made to segregate these children and use ruthless propaganda to establish that if a worker of "alien blood" gave birth in Germany, it meant immediate and total separation from the child. Repeated efforts were made to propagate Volkstum (racial consciousness) in order to prevent Rassenschande between Germans and foreign workers, nevertheless, the arrival of trains with Polish girls in German towns and villages usually turned into sex slave markets.

Medical experiments
As a result of their abusive treatment Ostarbeiter suffered from high levels of psychological trauma, and those who were admitted to psychiatric hospitals were often the victims of abuse and murder. The Nazi regime also sanctioned the use of Ostarbeiter in medical experiments.

On September 6, 1944 the Reichsminister of the Interior ordered the establishment of special units for Ostarbeiter in several psychiatric hospitals in the Reich. The reason given was: "With the considerable number of Ostarbeiter who have been brought to the German Reich as a labour force, their admission into German psychiatric hospitals as mentally ill patients has become more frequent ...
With the shortage of space in German hospitals, it is irresponsible to treat these ill people, who in the foreseeable future will not be fit for work, for a prolonged period in German institutions. "The exact number of Ostarbeiter killed in these psychiatric institutions is as yet not known. 189 Ostarbeiter were admitted to the Ostarbeiter unit of the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Kaufbeuren; 49 died as a result of the starvation diet, or from deadly injections.

Repatriation

After the war many of the Ostarbeiter were initially placed in DP (displaced person) camps from which they were then moved to Kempten for processing and returned to their country of origin, primarily the USSR. The Soviets also used special Agit brigades to convince many Ostarbeiter to return.

Many Ostarbeiter were still children or young teenagers when they were taken away and wanted to return home to their parents. Others who became aware of or understood the postwar political reality declined to return. Those in the Soviet occupational zones were returned automatically. Those in the French and British zones of occupation were forced to return under the terms of the Yalta Agreement, which stated that "Citizens of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia were to be handed over to their respective countries, regardless of their consent".

In October 1945, General Eisenhower banned the use of force in repatriation in the American Zone. As a result, many Ostarbeiter began to escape to the American Zone. Some, when faced with return to Soviet reality, chose to commit suicide.

Upon return to the Soviet Union Ostarbeiter were often treated as traitors. Many were transported to remote locations in the Soviet Union and were denied basic rights and the chance to get further education. Those who returned home were also physically and spiritually broken. Moreover, they were considered by the authorities to have "questionable loyalty", and were therefore discriminated against and deprived of many of their citizenship rights.

Ostarbeiter suffered from state-sanctioned stigmatisation, with special references in their passports (and the passports of their children and relatives) mentioning their time in Germany during the war. As a result, many jobs were off-limits to anyone unlucky enough to carry such a status, and during periods of repression former slave labourers would often be ostracised by the wider Soviet community. Many victims have testified that since the war they have suffered a lifetime of abuse and suspicion from their fellow countrymen, many of whom have accused them of being traitors who helped the Germans and lived comfortably in the Third Reich while Ukraine burned.

Pensions and retribution
In 2000 the Foundation "Remembrance, Responsibility and Future", a project of the German Federal Government and 6,500 companies of the German Industry Foundation Initiative, was established, which disbursed 10 billion Deutsche Mark (5.1 billion €) to the former forced laborers. This is roughly one-off payment of €2,000 per worker, much less than the inflation-adjusted value of their work. Of the over 2 million Ostarbeiter in Ukraine, 467,000 received a total amount of €867 million, with each worker being assigned a one-time payment of 4,300 marks.  The last payments were made in 2007.

Research
Published eyewitness accounts of the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter experience are virtually non-existent in Ukraine although there were 2,244,000 of them from Ukraine, according to Ukrainian historian Yuriy Kondufor. The State Archival Service of Ukraine now has a collection of documents online showing official notices published by the German government of occupation in Ukraine. A total of 3,000,000 Ostarbeiter were taken to Germany, and it is estimated that Ukrainians constituted about 75% of the total. Ukraine, according to some sources, lost about 10 million people in World War II, which was one of the greatest losses of any country in the war.

Some Ostarbeiter survived the war and were forced to emigrate to the countries outside Europe, primarily to the United States, although a handful also made it to Argentina, Australia, Canada, and Brazil. Ostarbeiter who found themselves in the British or French zones were automatically repatriated. Only those who were in the American zone were not forced to return to their countries of origin. In comparison, Ukrainians from western Ukraine and the Baltic region were not forced to return to the Soviet Union, because the UK did not recognize those territories as part of the USSR.

See also
 Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe, Nazi German Economic Enterprises, DWB
 Generalplan Ost and the Hunger Plan to use and abuse people in Central and Eastern Europe
 German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war
 Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany
 Zivilarbeiter forced laborers in the Third Reich
 Polenlager
 Polish decrees

References
Notes

Bibliography
Berliner Unterwelten e.V. (2010),  "OST-Arbeiter" Dokumentartheater Berlin production.
Billstein, Reinhold editor (November 2000) Working for the Enemy: Ford, General Motors, and Forced Labor in Germany During the Second World War Berghahn Books.
 Gregorovich, Andrew (1995) "World War II in Ukraine: Ostarbeiter Slave Labor" InfoUkes: Ukrainian History; reprint from Forum: A Ukrainian Review by Ukrainian Fraternal Association, Scranton, Pennsylvania.

 Petrenko, Liebe (2000) "Третій шлях німецьких католиків" OST-ARBEITER ("The Third road for Germans Catholics"), POSTUP/BRAMA № 136 (580), Ukrainian.
An Ostarbeiters Employment Identification Document
 Павел Полян - Остарбайтеры
 Колиншні остарбайтери вважають, що їх обдурили
 КОЛИШНI ОСТАРБАЙТЕРИ В НIМЕЧЧИНI
 "Europe at Work in Germany" propaganda aimed at Germans about the program

Nazi war crimes in Germany
Forced migration
Eastern Front (World War II)
Unfree labor during World War II
Economy of Nazi Germany
Nazi war crimes


Saint-Privat (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Limousin


Saint-Rémy (; Auvergnat: Sent Remic) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Saint-Sylvain (; Limousin: Sent Silvan) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Sarran (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

It is the home of the Jacques Chirac presidential museum.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


In military terms, 89th Division or 89th Infantry Division may refer to:

 Infantry divisions
89th Division (People's Republic of China)
89th Infantry Division (German Empire)
89th Infantry Division (Germany)
89th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
89th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
89th Infantry Division (United States)


The Cobb Building (also known as American Bank) is an American historic commercial building located at 203 East Cherokee Street in downtown Wagoner, Oklahoma.

Description and history
The structure was completed in 1895, by Samuel S. Cobb to be used for his drug store. It is Wagoner's first brick business building; it was restored and now used by the American Bank.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1982.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Wagoner County, Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Wagoner County, Oklahoma


Jean-Frédéric Edelmann (born Johann Friedrich Edelmann; 5 May 1749 – 17 July 1794) was a French classical composer. He was born in Strasbourg to a Protestant family of Alsatian descent. After studying law and music, he moved to Paris in 1774 where he played and taught the piano. It is possible that Edelmann worked for some time in London. During the French Revolution he was appointed administrator of the Bas-Rhin. In late May 1794 he was arrested after a false accusation of treason (he was in fact an opposer of the terroristic policy and paid the hatred of Saint-Just). Sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Tribunal on 17 July 1794 (29th Messidor), he was executed the same day by guillotine in Place de la Barrière du Trône together with his brother Louis, other two Strasbourg citizens, and the sixteen Carmelite nuns of Compiègne (only eleven days before the fall of Robespierre).

Edelmann composed two operas, an oratorio and various pieces of chamber music.

Works list

Published works
 Op. 1 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in E flat major
 Op. 1 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in E major
 Op. 1 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in D major
 Op. 1 No. 4 \ Keyboard Sonata in A major
 Op. 1 No. 5 \ Keyboard Sonata in D major
 Op. 1 No. 6 \ Keyboard Sonata in F sharp major
 Op. 2 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in C major
 Op. 2 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in F major
 Op. 2 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in C major
 Op. 2 No. 4 \ Keyboard Sonata in G major
 Op. 2 No. 5 \ Keyboard Sonata in E major
 Op. 2 No. 6 \ Keyboard Sonata in B flat major
 Op. 3 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in E flat minor
 Op. 3 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in F major
 Op. 4 \ Keyboard Concerto in D major
 Op. 5 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in A major
 Op. 5 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in G minor
 Op. 5 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in C minor
 Op. 5 No. 4 \ Keyboard Sonata in D minor
 Op. 6 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in G minor
 Op. 6 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in D minor
 Op. 6 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in C major
 Op. 7 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in E flat major
 Op. 7 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in G minor
 Op. 8 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in C minor
 Op. 8 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in E minor (Mlle Edelmann)
 Op. 8 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in D major
 Op. 9 No. 1 \ Keyboard Quartet in E flat major
 Op. 9 No. 2 \ Keyboard Quartet in C minor
 Op. 9 No. 3 \ Keyboard Quartet in G minor
 Op. 9 No. 4 \ Keyboard Quartet in D major
 Op. 10 No. 1 \ Keyboard Sonata in F minor
 Op. 10 No. 2 \ Keyboard Sonata in E flat major
 Op. 10 No. 3 \ Keyboard Sonata in C minor
 Op. 10 No. 4 \ Keyboard Sonata in E major
 Op. 11 \ Opera La bergère des Alpes (Paris, Tuileries 20 July 1781)
 Op. 12 \ Keyboard Concerto in A minor
 Op. 13 No. 1 \ Keyboard Quartet in C major
 Op. 13 No. 2 \ Keyboard Quartet in B flat major
 Op. 13 No. 3 \ Keyboard Quartet in C minor
 Op. 13 No. 4 \ Keyboard Quartet in D major
 Op. 14 No. 1 \ Keyboard Concerto in F minor
 Op. 14 No. 2 \ Keyboard Concerto in F major
 Op. 14 No. 3 \ Keyboard Concerto in E major
 Op. 15 No. 1 \ Keyboard Quartet in A major "Le rendez-vous"
 Op. 15 No. 2 \ Keyboard Quartet in E major "La toilette de Vénus"
 Op. 15 No. 3 \ Keyboard Quartet in G minor "Les regrets d'Herminie"
 Op. 15 No. 4 \ Keyboard Quartet in E flat major "La partie de chasse"
 Op. 16 \ Airs for keyboard

Unpublished works
 Oratorio Esther (Paris, Concert Spirituel, 8 April 1781) lost
 Opera Ariane dans l’isle de Naxos (Paris, Opéra, 24 Sept 1782)
 Ballet Feu (Paris, Opéra, 24 Sept 1782)
 Opera Diane et l’amour

References

Rita Benton: "Jean-Frédéric Edelmann, a Musical Victim of the French Revolution", Musical Quarterly, l (1964), 165–187
Rita Benton: "The Instrumental Music of Jean-Frédéric Edelmann: a Thematic Catalogue and List of Early Editions", Fontes Artis Musicae, xi (1964), 79–88
Sylvie Pécot-Douatte: A la recherche d'Edelmann le musicien guillotiné, l'Harmattan, Paris (2001)

External links

French Classical-period composers
Musicians from Strasbourg
1749 births
1794 deaths
French male classical composers
18th-century classical composers
French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
French opera composers
Male opera composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians


Revesz syndrome is a fatal disease that causes exudative retinopathy and bone marrow failure.  Other symptoms include severe aplastic anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, fine sparse hair, fine reticulate skin pigmentation, ataxia due to cerebellar hypoplasia, and cerebral calcifications. Its effects are similar to that of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. It is a variant of dyskeratosis congenita.

Cause
Revesz syndrome is a genetic disease  thought to be caused by short telomeres.  Patients with Revesz syndrome have presented with heterozygous mutations in TINF2 gene which is located on chromosome 14q12.  There is no treatment for this disease yet.

Diagnosis

Epidemiology
Revesz syndrome has so far been observed only in children. There is not much information about the disease because of its low frequency in general population and under reporting of cases.

History
The syndrome is named after the author of the original case published in 1992. The patient was a 6-month-old male from Sudan. At 7 months, the patient developed aplastic anemia, and subsequently died at 19 months. A second case was reported in 1994 in a young girl in Hungary. She had many of the same symptoms as the child in Sudan. A third case, reported in Calicut, India,  was that of a 5-year-old girl who also had additional features of retinal detachment and retinitis pigmentosa, which are unreported in this syndrome.

See also
 List of cutaneous conditions

Footnotes

References

External links

Disturbances of human pigmentation
Neurological disorders
Hepatology
Syndromes
Nucleus diseases


The Cottage School, often referred to as TCS or Cottage, is a special education school located in Roswell, Georgia, United States. It focuses on middle school and high school students with special needs.

References

External links
 The Cottage School website

Educational institutions established in 1983
Schools in Fulton County, Georgia
Special schools in the United States
1983 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


Daniel Bacheler, also variously spelt Bachiler, Batchiler or Batchelar, (baptized 16 March 1572 – buried 29 January 1619) was an English lutenist and composer. Of all the English lutenist-composers, he is now credited as probably being the most successful in his own lifetime.

Bacheler was born in the Buckinghamshire village of Aston Clinton, a son of Richard Bachelor and his wife Elizabeth (née Cardell). He served an apprenticeship with his uncle, Thomas Cardell, who was a lutenist and dancing-master in the court of Queen Elizabeth I.

He worked for Sir Francis Walsingham, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and finally as a groom of the privy chamber for Queen Anne of Denmark, consort of James I.

At the royal court he composed some fifty lute pieces. These included a number of pavans, galliards, almaines and fantasies, including a set of variations on the popular tune "Monsieurs Almaine". Elizabeth Roche, reviewing a CD of his work for The Daily Telegraph commented on the current neglect of Bacheler's music, suggesting that one reason is the "difficulty of his ornamental style, including arpeggios, trills, and even the dazzling tremolos that conclude his variations on Monsieurs Almaine".

The Heralds Visitation records show that Bacheler received a grant of arms in 1606.

He was buried on 29 January 1618/1619 in St Margaret's churchyard, Lee, Kent.

Bibliography
Bacheler, Daniel, Selected works for lute / Daniel Bacheler ; edited and transcribed by Martin Long, London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Long, Martin., The music of Daniel Bacheler: a critical study, University of Sydney, 1969.
Batchelor, A: 'Daniel Bacheler: The Right Perfect Musician', The Lute, 28 (1988), 3–12

References

External links

classicguitare, scores and Bio

Renaissance composers
English Baroque composers
English classical composers
Composers for lute
English lutenists
16th-century English composers
17th-century English composers
16th-century English musicians
17th-century English musicians
1572 births
1619 deaths
17th-century classical composers
English male classical composers
People from Buckinghamshire (before 1974)
17th-century male musicians
Household of Anne of Denmark


Michel Bitbol (born 12 March 1954) is a French researcher in philosophy of science.

He is "Directeur de recherche" at CNRS, previously in the Centre de Recherche en Épistémologie Appliquée (CREA) of École polytechnique (Paris, France). He is now a member of Archives Husserl, École Normale Superieure (Paris, France).

Career
His research interests are mainly focused on the influence of quantum physics on philosophy. He first worked on Erwin Schrödinger's metaphysics and philosophy of physics.

Using theorems demonstrated by Jean-Louis Destouches, Paulette Destouches-Février, and R.I.G. Hughes, he pointed out that the structure of quantum mechanics may be derived to a large extent from the assumption that microscopic phenomena cannot be dissociated from their experimental context. His views on quantum mechanics converge with ideas developed by Julian Schwinger and Asher Peres, according to whom quantum mechanics is a "symbolism of atomic measurements", rather than a description of atomic objects. He also defends ideas close to Anton Zeilinger's, by claiming that quantum laws do not express the nature of physical objects, but only the bounds of experimental information. More recently, he has written in support of QBism, arguing that it parallels some ideas in phenomenology.

Along with this view, quantum mechanics is no longer considered as a physical theory in the ordinary sense, but rather as a background framework for physical theories, since it goes back to the most elementary conditions which allow us to formulate any physical theory whatsoever. Some reviewers suggested half-seriously to call this view of physics "Kantum physics". Indeed, Michel Bitbol often refers to the philosophy of I. Kant, according to whom one can understand the contents of knowledge only by analyzing the (sensorial, instrumental, and rational) conditions of possibility of such knowledge.

He was granted an award by the  French "Académie des sciences morales et politiques" in 1997, for his work in the philosophy of quantum mechanics.

Later on, he concentrated on the philosophy of mind and consciousness, defending a strongly anti-reductionist and neo-Wittgensteinian view. He collaborated with Francisco Varela on this subject.

He has written a systematic criticism of one of the original versions of speculative realism, formulated by Quentin Meillassoux. The title of his book published in 2019 ("Maintenant la finitude") is a direct reply to Meillassoux's "After Finitude".

He participated in the 2002/2013 conferences of the Mind and Life Institute, whose aim is to promote a dialogue between science and Buddhism. He subsequently wrote a book developing a thoroughly relational reading of quantum mechanics, with due reference to the Buddhist concept of dependent arising.

Bibliography
Mécanique quantique, une introduction philosophique, Champs-Flammarion, 1997.
L'aveuglante proximité du réel, Champs-Flammarion, 1998.
Physique et Philosophie de l'Esprit, Champs-Flammarion, 2005.
Schrödinger's Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Kluwer, 1996.
De l'Intérieur du monde. Pour une philosophie et une science des relations, Flammarion, 2010.
La conscience a-t-elle une origine?, Flammarion, 2014.
La pratique des possibles, une lecture pragmatiste et modale de la mécanique quantique, Hermann, 2015.
Maintenant la finitude. Peut-on penser l'absolu?, Flammarion, 2019.
Philosophie quantique. Le monde est-il extérieur?, Éditions Mimésis, 2023.
Translations
French translation of Schrödinger's Mind and Matter (with an extensive introduction), Seuil, 1990.
French translation (with Annie Bitbol-Hespériès) of Schrödinger's: Nature and the Greeks (with an extensive introduction), Seuil, 1992.

References

External links
Michel Bitbol's professional homepage

21st-century French philosophers
Philosophers of science
1954 births
Living people
French male non-fiction writers
Academic staff of École Polytechnique
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lake County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 33 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  One property was once listed, by has since been delisted.

Current listings

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Former listing

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Lake County


Stichodactyla gigantea, commonly known as the giant carpet anemone, is a species of sea anemone that lives in the Indo-Pacific area.  It can be kept in an aquarium but is a very challenging species to keep alive and healthy for more than 3–5 years.

Description
Stichodactyla gigantea has a diameter that is usually no larger than  and a maximum of . It can appear in a number of colors, commonly brown or greenish and rarely a striking purple or pink, deep blue, or bright green. A healthy S. gigantea will possess tentacles that are extremely sticky to the touch, with firm adherence to surfaces.

Ecology
S. gigantea resides on shallow seagrass beds or sand flats around  deep (at low tide). Most anemones are treated as sessile, but the ones inhabited by anemonefish are in fact motile. Zooxanthellae are obligate symbionts within the anemone.

S. gigantea hosts 7 different species of anemonefish
Amphiprion akindynos (Barrier reef anemonefish)
A. bicinctus (Two-band anemonefish)
A. clarkii (Clark's anemonefish)
A. ocellaris (False clownfish)
A. percula (Clownfish)
A. perideraion (Pink skunk anemonefish)
A. rubrocinctus (Australian anemonefish)

Juvenile Dascyllus trimaculatus also associate with S. gigantea.

Aquarium trade
S. gigantea is uncommon in the aquarium trade. Though smaller in size than other carpet anemone species, it is significantly more delicate, and requires a large, mature reef aquarium. Like all sea anemones in captivity that have a symbiotic, mutualistic relationship with anemonefish, S. gigantea requires intense aquarium lighting, impeccable water quality, and stable parameters. It is prone to shipping stress and bacterial infections during transit. Due to these factors, many hobbyists advocate quarantining this anemone and treating with antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin or Septra for a minimum of one week before acclimating it to the main tank.

References

External links

 Hexacorallians of the World

Stichodactylidae
Animals described in 1775
Taxa named by Peter Forsskål


Eleanor's House is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in McClure's in October 1907.

Plot summary
Harold Forscythe and his new wife Ethel are visiting the Westfields, who live in Arques-la-Bataille. Harold admits to Harriet that he is still in mourning over his late wife. Later, he goes away as he does customarily. Ethel decides to join him at Fortuney near Pontoise, where he used to live with his late wife. Harriet will go with her. When they get there, the couple have a fight. Later however, Harriet tells her husband she is buying Harold's house in Fortuney - he is leaving for America with his wife, who is pregnant.

Characters
Mrs Harriet Westfield. She went to a convent in Paris with Eleanor in her youth.
Mr Robert Westfield
Harold Forscythe
Ethel, Harold's new wife.
Eleanor Sanford, Harold's late wife.

References to other works
Harriet mentions Antoine François Prévost's Manon Lescaut, and Alfred de Musset.

Literary significance and criticism
Eleanor's House has been deemed to be clumsily Jamesian.

References

External links
Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive

1907 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather
Works originally published in McClure's


The 1882 Louisville Eclipse season was the first season as a Major League club for the franchise. The team, which had played for several years as a semi-pro team, joined the new American Association league. They finished the season with a 42–38 record, good for second place.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1882 Louisville Eclipse team page at Baseball Reference

Louisville Colonels seasons
Louisville Eclipse season
Louisville Eclipse


Aloysius Kelly (born in County Westmeath, Ireland), more commonly known as Alo Kelly, is a former  New York based Irish professional boxer from Milltownpass, County Westmeath, Ireland who was the Irish light heavyweight champion. Kelly fought at light heavyweight until he had prematurely retire from boxing due to a detached retina.

Amateur career
In 1999, Kelly represent the Brosna ABC at the 1997 Irish Senior Middleweight Championships and was defeated by Brian Magee in the quarter-finals.

At amateur level, Kelly became Irish Senior light middleweight champion.

Professional career
Kelly turned professional in July 2007 in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States on an undercard of  bill that included Andre Berto and Chazz Witherspoon. In his debut Kelly was on the floor in his first round but went on to defeat journeyman Rafael Jastrzebski with a points victory over four rounds.

References

1977 births
Living people
Boxers from County Westmeath
Irish male boxers
Light-heavyweight boxers


Stone Age is a compilation by The Rolling Stones released on the Decca label in 1971. It reached number four on the UK charts.

The Stones were strongly against this release. In full-page ads in Record Mirror and NME on 20 March 1971, they stated, "We didn't know this record was going to be released. It is, in our opinion, below the standard we try to keep up, both in choice of content and cover design." The 12 songs, dating from the mid-1960s, were chosen because they had never appeared on a UK studio album, some having been originally released only on singles and some having only been released on US studio albums to that point.

Background
This is the first compilation album released by Decca after The Rolling Stones left the label.
Decca continued to release Gimme Shelter (1971), Milestones (1972), Rock 'n' Rolling Stones (1972), No Stone Unturned (1973), Rolled Gold (1975), Solid Rock (1980) and Slow Rollers (1981)
None of these albums are released on CD, except a special version of Rolled Gold in 2007.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.

Side one
"Look What You've Done" (McKinley Morganfield) – 2:18
"It's All Over Now" (Bobby Womack, Shirley Womack) – 3:27
"Confessin' the Blues" (Walter Brown, Jay McShann) – 2:49
"One More Try" – 1:59
"As Tears Go By" (Jagger, Richards, Andrew Loog Oldham) – 2:45
"The Spider and the Fly" (Nanker Phelge) – 3:41

Side two
"My Girl" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) – 2:39
"Paint It Black" – 3:24
"If You Need Me" (Wilson Pickett, Robert Bateman, Sonny Sanders) – 2:02
"The Last Time" – 3:41
"Blue Turns to Grey" – 2:30
"Around and Around" (Chuck Berry) – 3:03

Charts

References

Albums produced by Andrew Loog Oldham
The Rolling Stones compilation albums
1971 compilation albums
Decca Records compilation albums


St. James is a census-designated place in St. James Parish, Louisiana, United States on the west bank of the Mississippi River. It is part of the New Orleans Metropolitan Area . Its population was 828 as of the 2010 census.

Education
St. James Parish Public Schools operates public schools:

 St. Louis Academy (prek-3)

Demographics

References

Census-designated places in St. James Parish, Louisiana
New Orleans metropolitan area


Michelangelo Celesia, O.S.B. Cas. (13 January 1814 – 14 April 1904) was an Italian Benedictine monk who served as the Archbishop of Palermo from 1871 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1884.

Biography
He was born Pietro Geremia Celesia in Palermo in 1814, the son of Lancellotto Celesia, Marchese of Sant'Antonino, and Giuseppa Caruso Azzolini. As a teenager, he felt called to become a monk of the Monastery of San Martino della Scala in his native city, which belonged to the Cassinese Congregation of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was received as a candidate of the monastery in 1833 and, at admission into the novitiate, he was given the religious name of Michelangelo. He made his solemn profession on 15 January 1835 and was ordained to the priesthood on 24 July 1836.

Celesia later served in various positions at the monastery in Palermo from 1840 to 1846, such as lector of philosophy, dean, professor of dogmatic theology. He was then appointed to serve as prior and Master of novices of the congregation's monastery in Messina, and later of  in Militello. He was named Abbot of the renowned Abbey of Monte Cassino, by papal decree, on 25 March 1850 and General Procurator of the congregation in 1858, as well as Abbot of Farfa Abbey.

On 23 March 1860 Celesia was appointed Bishop of Patti by Pope Pius IX, receiving his episcopal consecration on the following 15 April from Cardinal Girolamo D'Andrea. The Benedictine attended the First Vatican Council, and was later named Archbishop of Palermo on 27 October 1871.

Pope Leo XIII named him a Cardinal Priest, with his titular church that of Santa Prisca, in the consistory of 13 November 1884. Celesia opted for the titular church of San Marco on 25 November 1887. Although eligible, he was unable to participate in the papal conclave of 1903 due to ill health.

Celesia died in Palermo the following year, at the age of 90, at which time he was the oldest living cardinal. After lying in state in the Palermo Cathedral, he was buried in the church of the Capuchin friars in Palermo. His remains were transferred several years later to a side chapel of the cathedral.

References

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

1814 births
1904 deaths
Italian Benedictines
Benedictine abbots
Benedictine bishops
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
Roman Catholic archbishops of Palermo
Benedictine cardinals
19th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
Burials at Palermo Cathedral
20th-century Italian cardinals
Abbots of Monte Cassino


Alex Tait (born 18 March 1988) is a retired former rugby union player, who played for Newcastle Falcons in the English Premiership.

Rugby career

Tait's usual position is fullback, but he can also cover at centre. He made his first team début for Newcastle against Cetransa El Salvador in November 2007.

After making his first team debut in 2007, Tait became a regular for the Falcons in his decade at the club. Appearing over 200 times by the close of the 2017-2018 English Rugby Premiership season. "He has turned in extremely consistent performances which are right up there at the top," said director of rugby Dean Richards at the time. Acknowledging the hard grafting full-back's service to the Falcons.

2017-18 saw Tait scoring the Newcastle Falcons first and last tries of the campaign at home against Worcester and away to Exeter. Making 23 first team appearances, contributing to the Falcons' best season in 20 years.
 Tait signed a new contract with the Falcons from late 2017 onward.

On 17 April 2023, Tait announced his retirement at the end of the 2022-23 season.

References

External links
Newcastle profile
England profile
stats

1988 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Newcastle Falcons players
People educated at Barnard Castle School
Rugby union players from Shotley Bridge
Rugby union centres


Vernon Taylor (born November 9, 1937) is an American rockabilly musician.

Personal life
Vernon Taylor was born Walton Alderton on November 9th, 1937 into a Baptist family.
He was the youngest of four children and at age 11 his family moved to Spencerville, Maryland where learned to play the guitar.

At the age of fifteen he formed his first band (The Nighthawks) with two high school classmates and by 1956 they were a five- piece band called The Nighthawks.

Career
The band received their first break while in high school, playing between sets for Curley Smith, who was later a member of the rock band Boston.  The Nighthawks went on to perform in an hour-long Saturday night TV show on WTTG channel 5 out of Washington, D.C from 1957-1960. During this time Taylor signed to Dot Records in 1957.
After releasing two singles, "Losing Game"/ "I've Got the Blues" (Dot 15632) and "Why Must You Leave Me" which did not sell either Dot Records cancelled his contract.

Taylor then signed with Sun Records after Sam Phillips.had seen him perform on American Bandstand. On October 27, 1958 Vernon recorded the single "Today Is A Blue Day"/"Breeze" (Sun 310) The second Sun single (325) was released on August 15, 1959 and after neither song was successful Taylor ended his music career, dedicating himself to his family and a career in business.

In 1989 Taylor returned to music playing at a benefit concert for Charlie Feathers, which led to a comeback career. He has since performed in the United Kingdom and had a re-release of his Sun and Dot material on Germany's Eagle Records.   In 1999, Run Wild Records released a 12-song CD of newly-recorded material by Vernon, titled "Daddy's Rockin'".

Discography

References

External links
Vernon Taylor at the Rockabilly Hall of Fame

American musicians
American rockabilly musicians
1937 births
Living people


This is a list of airlines currently operating in Libya.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of Libya
 List of airlines
 List of air carriers banned in the European Union

Libya
Airlines
Airlines
Libya


Milestones is a compilation album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1972 by Decca Records. It reached number 14 on the UK Albums Chart.  Less popular and well known than the contemporaneous compilation album Hot Rocks 1964–1971, it was released by Decca without the consent or input from the band.  Due to the nature of their contract prior to 1971, the band lost all rights to releases of their own music prior to 1971; those rights instead are held jointly by ABKCO Records and Decca Records.  Both ABKCO and Decca would continue to release compilation albums, without input from the band, over the next several decades. The front cover is a closeup of Mick Jagger live, while the back cover shows the faces of the rest of the band's original lineup: Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman and Charlie Watts, in four boxes much like The Beatles Let It Be front cover.

Track listing
All songs composed by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.

Side one
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" – 3:44
"She's a Rainbow" (with intro) – 4:38
"Under My Thumb" – 3:43
"I Just Want to Make Love to You" (Willie Dixon) – 2:20
"Yesterday's Papers" – 2:06
"I Wanna Be Your Man" (John Lennon/Paul McCartney) – 1:46

Side two
"Time Is on My Side" (Norman Meade) (True stereo) – 3:00
"Get Off of My Cloud" – 3:02
"Not Fade Away" (Norman Petty/Charles Hardin) – 1:50
"Out of Time" – 3:45
"She Said Yeah" (Rody Jackson/Sonny Christy) (fake stereo) – 1:36
"Stray Cat Blues" – 4:41

Charts

References

Albums produced by Andrew Loog Oldham
Albums produced by Jimmy Miller
The Rolling Stones compilation albums
1972 compilation albums
Decca Records compilation albums


Andoversford Junction railway station was in Gloucestershire on the Great Western Railway's Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway that opened in 1881. Situated about six miles east of Cheltenham, the station served the village of Andoversford with its large market, which provided much of the traffic at the station.

History

In 1891, the Midland and South Western Junction Railway extended its line northwards from Cirencester to a junction with the GWR Cheltenham to Banbury line just east of Andoversford station. M&SWJR trains ran into Cheltenham over the GWR tracks, but were not permitted to call at Andoversford station until 1904. The M&SWJR opened its own station, called Andoversford and Dowdeswell, on the opposite side of the village. Under the Grouping, the GWR took control of the M&SWJR; it renamed Andoversford station as Andoversford Junction in 1926 and closed Andoversford and Dowdeswell to passenger traffic the following year, though it remained open for goods.

The station passed on to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Transport Commission.

The site today

The M&SWJR line closed to passengers in 1961 and the Cheltenham to Banbury line a year later. Andoversford station was demolished and housing was built on the site on a road called 'Pine Halt'.

References

 Station on navigable O.S. map

Disused railway stations in Gloucestershire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1881
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
1881 establishments in England


Michael Penn (born 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and composer.

Michael Penn may also refer to:
Michael Penn (author), professor of religious studies
Mike Penn (born 1989), rugby union player
Michael Penn, math professor


Game for Sale is the second collaborative album by American rappers Daz Dillinger and JT the Bigga Figga. It was released on March 6, 2001, via Get Low Recordz.

Track listing

Charts

References

2001 albums
Daz Dillinger albums
JT the Bigga Figga albums
Collaborative albums


The Clifton Extension Railway was a joint railway in Bristol, owned by the Great Western Railway (GWR) and the Midland Railway (MR) companies.

Description of line
The railway ran from a junction with the GWR at Narroways Hill, just north of Stapleton Road railway station, to Avonmouth Docks.  The branch was joined at Ashley Hill junction, just beyond Narroways Hill, by a line which left the Midland main line at Kingswood Junction, south-west of Fishponds station.

The first section of line through Montpelier to Clifton Down opened on 1 October 1874. The greatest engineering feature of the branch was a mile-long tunnel underneath Clifton Down. The section through the tunnel from Clifton Down station to Sneyd Park Junction, where it connected to the Bristol Port Railway, opened to goods traffic in 1877 and to passenger trains on 1 September 1885.

Legal history
Originally the railway was promoted by the Bristol Port Railway and Pier Company, incorporated under the Bristol Port Railway and Pier Act of 17 June 1862. In 1871 the railway was transferred to the Great Western and Midland railway companies jointly, under the Great Western and Midland railway companies (Clifton and Bristol) Act of 25 May 1871, and the Midland Railway (Additional Powers) Act of 25 July 1890. The line was administered by the Clifton Extension Railway Joint Committee until 1894, and from then the Great Western and Midland Railways Joint Committee.

Recent history

The line from Narroways Hill is now part of the Severn Beach Line.

The connection to the Midland Railway closed in 1965, and the thirteen arch viaduct over the River Frome valley was demolished in 1968.

References

Rail transport in Bristol
British joint railway companies
Railway lines opened in 1874
1862 establishments in England


The Fokker F-14 was an American seven/nine passenger transport aircraft designed by Fokker and built by their Atlantic Aircraft factory in New Jersey.

Development
The F-14 was a typical Fokker designed single-engine transport but unusually it had a parasol-type high wing carried on struts above the fuselage. It had a fixed tailwheel landing gear. The pilot had a cockpit behind the passenger cabin.

Variants

F-14
Civil production version with a 525 hp (391 kW) Wright R-1750-3 radial engine.
F-14A
Civilian aircraft with 575 hp (429 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet radial and wing mounted directly on fuselage.

Y1C-14
Designation for 20 Hornet-powered examples bought for the United States Army Air Corps in 1931, later became the C-14.
Y1C-14A
Last of the 20 Y1C-14s re-engined with a 575 hp (429 kW) Wright R-1820-7 Cyclone.
Y1C-14B
Re-engined with a 525 hp (391 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-5 Hornet.

Y1C-15
Conversion of the ninth Y1C-14 as an air ambulance.
Y1C-15A
F-14 re-engined with a 575 hp (429 kW) Wright R-1820 Cyclone, later C-15A.

Operators

MacKenzie Air Services
Western Canada Airways

 Standard Air Lines
 Transcontinental & Western Air
 United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (F-14)

References
 John Andrade, U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979,  (Page 62)
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1878.

External links

 "Mercy Flyers Bring" rare photos of USAAC ambulance version page 20 (top) and page 21 (bottom)
 "Ambulance Plan `Chute Designed For Patients" June 1934 Popular Science Monthly - Y1C-15 used for testing of emergency parachute for stretcher patients

1920s United States airliners
1920s United States military transport aircraft
F 14
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929


Rock 'n' Rolling Stones is a compilation album by the Rolling Stones released in 1972. It reached number 41 in the UK Albums Chart.

The album contains five Chuck Berry covers and also Berry-related songs like "Route 66" and "Down the Road Apiece".  The album was the second "post-contract" album released by Decca following the end of their relationship with the Stones in 1971.  Because of the nature of the contract, the band lost all control over their recordings prior to 1971, which are held jointly by Decca and ABKCO Records.  Both Decca and ABKCO would continue to release compilations over the next several decades.

Track listing
Side one
"Route 66" (Bobby Troup)
"The Under Assistant West Coast Promotion Man" (Nanker Phelge)
"Come On" (Chuck Berry)
"Talkin' About You" (Chuck Berry)
"Bye Bye Johnny" (Chuck Berry)
"Down the Road Apiece" (Don Raye)

Side two
"I Just Want to Make Love to You" (Willie Dixon)
"Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" (Bert Russel, Solomon Burke, Jerry Wexler)
"Oh Baby (We Got a Good Thing Goin')" (Barbara Lynn Ozen)
"19th Nervous Breakdown" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards)
"Little Queenie" (live) (Chuck Berry)
"Carol" (live) (Chuck Berry)

Charts

References

The Rolling Stones compilation albums
1972 compilation albums
Decca Records compilation albums


Studley Castle is a 19th-century country house at Studley, Warwickshire, England.

The Grade II* listed building is now occupied as a Warner Leisure Hotel but was once owned by the Lyttelton family before being bequeathed by Philip Lyttleton to his niece Dorothy, who married Francis Holyoake.

Their son Francis Lyttelton Holyoake, the High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1834, inherited Ribston Hall in Yorkshire from a business partner in 1833 and changed his name to Holyoake-Goodricke. The sale of the Yorkshire property financed the building of a new mansion at Studley. The new house, designed in Gothic Revival style by the architect Samuel Beazley, was completed in 1836.

The building has never actually been used as a castle. The site of the medieval castle at Studley is occupied by the nearby 16th-century house known as Old Studley Castle.

The house was occupied by Studley College between 1903 and the early 1960s and was used as a horticultural training establishment for ladies. It later became training and Marketing Centre for the former automotive brand, Rover.

In more recent times the Castle was converted for use as a hotel. After a £50 million refurbishment it reopened in April 2019 as the 14th hotel in the Warner Leisure Hotels collection.

References

  Photograph and detailed architectural description.
  History of the County of Warwick Vol 3 (1945) from British History Online

External links
Hotel website

Grade II* listed buildings in Warwickshire


Giao Thủy is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 207,273. The district covers an area of 166 km². The district capital lies at Ngô Đồng and other towns and villages include Giao Xuân, Giao Phong.

History

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Hải Hậu is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 285,298. The district covers an area of 227 km². The district capital lies at Yên Định.

Administrative divisions
Hải Hậu is divided into 34 commune-level subdivisions, including 3 townships of Yên Định, Cồn, Thịnh Long and 31 rural communes of Hải An, Hải Anh, Hải Bắc, Hải Châu, Hải Chính, Hải Cường, Hải Đông, Hải Đường, Hải Giang, Hải Hà, Hải Hòa, Hải Hưng, Hải Lộc, Hải Long, Hải Lý, Hải Minh, Hải Nam, Hải Ninh, Hải Phong, Hải Phú, Hải Phúc, Hải Phương, Hải Quang, Hải Sơn, Hải Tân, Hải Tây, Hải Thanh, Hải Triều, Hải Trung, Hải Vân, & Hải Xuân.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Mỹ Lộc is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 68,674. The district covers an area of 73 km2. The district capital lies at Mỹ Lộc.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


This is a list of some binary codes that are (or have been) used to represent text as a sequence of binary digits "0" and "1". Fixed-width binary codes use a set number of bits to represent each character in the text, while in variable-width binary codes, the number of bits may vary from character to character.
the binary codes are used to read the computer language.

Five-bit binary codes

Several different five-bit codes were used for early punched tape systems.

Five bits per character only allows for 32 different characters, so many of the five-bit codes used two sets of characters per value referred to as FIGS (figures) and LTRS (letters), and reserved two characters to switch between these sets. This effectively allowed the use of 60 characters.

Standard five-bit standard codes are:
 International Telegraph Alphabet No. 1 (ITA1) – Also commonly referred to as Baudot code
 International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 (ITA2) – Also commonly referred to as Murray code
 American Teletypewriter code (USTTY) – A variant of ITA2 used in the USA
 DIN 66006 – Developed for the presentation of ALGOL/ALCOR programs on paper tape and punch cards

The following early computer systems each used its own five-bit code:
 J. Lyons and Co. LEO (Lyon's Electronic Office)
 English Electric DEUCE
 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ILLIAC
 ZEBRA
 EMI 1100
 Ferranti Mercury, Pegasus, and Orion systems

The steganographic code, commonly known as Bacon's cipher uses groups of 5 binary-valued elements to represent letters of the alphabet.

Six-bit binary codes
Six bits per character allows 64 distinct characters to be represented.

Examples of six-bit binary codes are:
International Telegraph Alphabet No. 4 (ITA4)
Six-bit BCD (Binary Coded Decimal), used by early mainframe computers.
Six-bit ASCII subset of the primitive seven-bit ASCII
Braille – Braille characters are represented using six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle. Each position may contain a raised dot or not, so Braille can be considered to be a six-bit binary code.

See also: Six-bit character codes

Seven-bit binary codes
Examples of seven-bit binary codes are:
 International Telegraph Alphabet No. 3 (ITA3) – derived from the Moore ARQ code, and also known as the RCA
 ASCII – The ubiquitous ASCII code was originally defined as a seven-bit character set. The ASCII article provides a detailed set of equivalent standards and variants. In addition, there are various extensions of ASCII to eight bits (see Eight-bit binary codes)
 CCIR 476 – Extends ITA2 from 5 to 7 bits, using the extra 2 bits as check digits
 International Telegraph Alphabet No. 4 (ITA4)

Eight-bit binary codes
 Extended ASCII – A number of standards extend ASCII to eight bits by adding a further 128 characters, such as:
 HP Roman
 ISO/IEC 8859
 Mac OS Roman
 Windows-1252
 EBCDIC – Used in early IBM computers and current IBM i and System z systems.

10-bit binary codes
AUTOSPEC – Also known as Bauer code. AUTOSPEC repeats a five-bit character twice, but if the character has odd parity, the repetition is inverted.
 Decabit – A datagram of electronic pulses which are transmitted commonly through power lines. Decabit is mainly used in Germany and other European countries.

16-bit binary codes
UCS-2 – An obsolete encoding capable of representing the basic multilingual plane of Unicode

32-bit binary codes
UTF-32/UCS-4 – A four-bytes-per-character representation of Unicode

Variable-length binary codes
UTF-8 – Encodes characters in a way that is mostly compatible with ASCII but can also encode the full repertoire of Unicode characters with sequences of up to four 8-bit bytes.
UTF-16 – Extends UCS-2 to cover the whole of Unicode with sequences of one or two 16-bit elements
GB 18030 – A full-Unicode variable-length code designed for compatibility with older Chinese multibyte encodings
Huffman coding – A technique for expressing more common characters using shorter bit strings than are used for less common characters

Data compression systems such as Lempel–Ziv–Welch can compress arbitrary binary data. They are therefore not binary codes themselves but may be applied to binary codes to reduce storage needs

Other
     Morse code is a variable-length telegraphy code, which traditionally uses a series of long and short pulses to encode characters. It relies on gaps between the pulses to provide separation between letters and words, as the letter codes do not have the "prefix property". This means that Morse code is not necessarily a binary system, but in a sense may be a ternary system, with a 10 for a "dit" or a "dot", a 1110 for a dash, and a 00 for a single unit of separation. Morse code can be represented as a binary stream by allowing each bit to represent one unit of time. Thus a "dit" or "dot" is represented as a 1 bit, while a "dah" or "dash" is represented as three consecutive 1 bits. Spaces between symbols, letters, and words are represented as one, three, or seven consecutive 0 bits. For example, "NO U" in Morse code is "", which could be represented in binary as "1110100011101110111000000010101110". If, however, Morse code is represented as a ternary system, "NO U" would be represented as "1110|10|00|1110|1110|1110|00|00|00|10|10|1110".

See also
 List of computer character sets

References

Primitive types
Data types
Computing terminology
Data unit
Units of information


Ý Yên is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 241,689. The district covers an area of 240 km². The district capital lies at Lâm.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Nam Trực is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 203,311. The district covers an area of 162 km². The district capital lies at Nam Giang.

Notable people

 Nguyễn Đức Mậu (born 1948), poet

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Nghĩa Hưng is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 202,231. The district covers an area of 250 km2. The district capital lies at Liễu Đề.

Subdivisions

Nghia Hung is administratively divided into 18 subdivisions:
 3 townships (thị trấn): Liễu Đề (district capital), Rạng Đông and Phú Tân Quỹ.
 15 communes (xã): Đồng Thịnh Minh, Hoàng Nam, Nghĩa Châu, Nghĩa Thái, Nghĩa Trung, Nghĩa Sơn, Nghĩa Lạc, Nghĩa Hồng, Nghĩa Phong, Nghĩa Bình, Lâm Hùng Thành, Nghĩa Hải, Phúc Thắng, Nghĩa Lợi and Nam Điền.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Trực Ninh is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 196,765. The district covers an area of 143 km². The district capital lies at Cổ Lễ.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Vụ Bản is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 130,672. The district covers an area of 148 km2. The district capital lies at Gôi. The district includes the Vân Cát temple. During the 1920s the area was administered by the Vụ Bản district mandarin.

References

Districts of Nam Định province


Xuân Trường is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 179,765. The district covers an area of 113 km2. The district capital lies at Xuân Trường town.

Administration
Xuân Trường town is the capital of the district and controls 19 communes:
Xuân Thượng
Xuân Ngọc
Xuân Kiên
Xuân Tiến
Xuân Ninh
Xuân Vinh
Xuân Trung
Xuân Phương
Thọ Nghiệp
Xuân Đài
Xuân Bắc
Xuân Thuỷ
Xuân Phú
Xuân Hồng
Xuân Tân
Xuân Phong
Xuân Thành
Xuân Hoà
Xuân Châu

History

The time of the Lê dynasty, Xuân Trường District belonged to Thien Truong court. During the Nguyễn dynasty Tran Son Nam belonged to the Xuân Trường court. In 1913 future Chairman of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Bùi Bằng Đoàn started his career as a mandarin as the district magistrate of Xuân Trường. During his time as district magistrate in the Xuân Trường district he implemented the construction of the Bạch Long (白龍, "White dragon") dyke to prevent salt water from contaminating the area to help agricultural production allowing for productive rice and strawberry fields to grow in the area. In recognition of his merits, the people of the Xuân Trường district made a sacrifice for the young "parent of the people" (父母之民, phụ mẫu chi dân) right at the place where he took office.

In 1945 the district was changed to Xuân Trường and belonged to Nam Ha province in 1965. In 1967 the district merged with Giao Thủy into Xuân Thuỷ district. The district re-established its old name in March 1997.

Characteristics
Xuân Trường is a major rice growing province and Xuân Đài rice - rice is still cultivated on  every year. The district has many traditional villages that produce crafts, including:

 Xuân Tiến - village of mechanics
 Xuân Hồng - village of mulberry planting, silkworm raising and pulling cocoons
 Xuân Phương - embroidery village
 Xuân Ninh - village of wine cooking
 Xuân Kiên - village of rice paper

Xuân Trường is also a land of culture and history which was home to notable revolutionaries, including:

 General Secretary Trường Chinh
 Deputy President of Congress, Dang Quan Thuy
 Nguyen Dang Kinh, hero of the Pham Gia Trieu armed forces

Catholicism is spreading throughout Xuân Trường, a process that includes the establishment of numerous churches.

Tourist areas
 Memorial house of former General Secretary Trường Chinh
 Keo Hành Thiện Pagoda
 Xuân Hồng cultural village/commune
 Bùi Chu Bishop (Xuân Ngọc commune)
 Phu Chew (Xuân Phương) church

Temple areas
 Kiên Lao temples (Xuân Kiên)
 Tho (Xuân Phong)
 Temple Spring Group (Xuan Hung)
 Xuân (Xuân Thuỷ) Greek temple
 Xuân Trung Pagoda (Xuân Trung)
 Nghĩa Xá Pagoda (Xuân Ninh)
 Temple An Cu (Xuân Vinh)

Festivals
 Keo Hành Thiện Pagoda festival

Specialties
 Xuân Đài tam rice
 Xuân Tiến raw fish dishes
 Kiên Lao wine
 Xuân Bắc meat roll

References

Districts of Nam Định province


S30 may refer to:

Automobiles
 Aeolus S30, a Chinese sedan
 Jinbei S30, a Chinese SUV
 Nissan S30, a Japanese sport car
 Toyota Crown (S30), a Japanese sedan

Aviation
 Blériot-SPAD S.30, a French sport aircraft
 Lebanon State Airport, in Linn County, Oregon, United States
 SABCA S-30, a Belgian light aircraft
 Short S.30 Empire, a British flying boat
 Sikorsky S-30, a proposed American biplane transport

Electronics
 Canon PowerShot S30, a digital camera
 Samsung M810 Instinct S30, a mobile phone
 Series 30, a mobile phone software platform

Rail and transit
 S30 (RER Fribourg), a regional rail line in Fibourg, Switzerland
 S30 (TILO), a regional railway service in Ticino, Switzerland
 S30 (ZVV), a railway line in Zürich, Switzerland
 Kuromatsunai Station, in Suttsu District, Hokkaido, Japan

Ships and boats
 S 30 (keelboat), a sailboat class

 , a submarine of the Royal Navy
 , a submarine of the United States Navy

Other uses
 40S ribosomal protein S30
 County Route S30 (California)
 County Route S30 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
 S30: Never add water to this product, a safety phrase in chemistry
 Sulfur-30, an isotope of sulfur


Oh, God! You Devil is a 1984 American comedy film starring George Burns, Ted Wass, Ron Silver and Roxanne Hart. Directed by Paul Bogart and produced by Robert M. Sherman, the screenplay is by Andrew Bergman. Oh, God! You Devil is the third and final installment in the Oh, God! film series, following Oh, God! (1977) and Oh, God! Book II (1980), based on the 1971 novel of the same title by Avery Corman.

George Burns received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actor for his performance.

Plot
Burns plays the dual roles of both God and the Devil. The Devil, using the name Harry O. Tophet (Tophet is a Hebrew word for "Hell"), is a lively character, taking pleasure in petty acts of PG-rated malice, such as making a waiter fall into a pool.

The movie tells the story of a struggling rock musician/songwriter, Bobby Shelton (played by Wass), who cannot get a break. Bobby, desperate to support his wife, Wendy (Roxanne Hart), and start a family, muses that he would sell his soul to the Devil to get ahead. The Devil begins to appear to Bobby as a prospective agent and offers Shelton a deal—seven years of unprecedented fame and fortune. Shelton balks at the deal and so Tophet renegotiates claiming that it will be for a "trial period", urging Bobby to leave his earnest agent Charlie (Eugene Roche). Shelton signs the document, but his signature transforms into that of established rock star Billy Wayne (Robert Desiderio), the last person to whom Tophet offered this deal, and soon after Bobby realizes that he has sold his soul to the Devil.

Shelton discovers that, though he now has the big success he wanted after a mammoth concert tour, he has lost his identity—he is now Billy Wayne. As such, his family is now someone else's—the former Billy Wayne, whose life Tophet now controls and who has assumed Bobby's identity. He also discovers that his wife is pregnant with his child. Realizing that he is trapped, Bobby asks for help from God, who has been watching over him, finally succeeding when, as Billy Wayne, he travels to Las Vegas for important shows. God appears after Bobby has "the Lord" paged in a hotel lobby and offers to help.

During a climactic poker game between God and the Devil over Bobby's soul, God raises the stakes while Bobby under Tophet's machinations attempts suicide. God claims that if he loses, in addition to Bobby's soul, he will stop protecting all those on "his list". If God wins, the Devil would be prevented from meddling with any of those on the list, even if they beg for his assistance. Considering the loss too high, Tophet folds, and finds that God had been bluffing, winning by, in God's words, "I put the fear of ME in YOU", and that part of the reason he had intervened for Bobby was because the Devil had become too arrogant and cocky.

Bobby rises from the floor of the dressing room and slips away as staffers discover the corpse of Billy Wayne, who had committed suicide. In the end, God meets with Bobby and tells him about how his father once prayed for him when he was a sick child, and that since then, God has kept his eye on him. After warning Bobby that the next time he will not bail him out, Shelton returns to happiness in a simple life with his loving wife and daughter. Years later, his daughter becomes sick and Bobby says the same prayer that his father did. The film ends with Bobby, God, and the spirit of Bobby's father singing to his daughter the same song Bobby's father used to sing to him, "Fugue for Tinhorns" from the musical Guys and Dolls.

Cast
 George Burns as God and the Devil (Harry O. Tophet)
 Ted Wass as Bobby Shelton
 Ron Silver as Gary Frantz
 Roxanne Hart as Wendy Shelton
 Eugene Roche as Charlie Gray
 Janet Brandt as Mrs. K
 Robert Desiderio as Billy Wayne
 John Doolittle as Arthur Shelton
 Julie Lloyd as Bea Shelton
 Belita Moreno as Mrs. Vega
 Jason Wingreen as hotel manager
 Susan Peretz as Louise
 Robert Picardo as Joe Ortiz
 Arthur Malet as houseman
 James Cromwell as priest
 Arnold Johnson as preacher
 Brandy Gold as Bobby's daughter
 Lois Wilde as casino patron (uncredited)

Production
After the success of Oh God! Warner Bros. approached other writers for sequels. They commissioned Josh Greenfield to write one and Andrew Bergman another. Bergman rewrote a play he had on his shelf about a songwriter who sells his soul to the devil: "Not a good play, but it was there sitting on my shelf. For me it was just an attempt to salvage something that I thought was a cute idea and was going nowhere. Also, I wanted to work with George Burns. This to me was linking up with a previous era of comedy... George was just the most fantastic person. He's so smart. Every single thing he said was funny".

Reception
Based on 11 reviews, the film has a 36% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

References

External links

1984 comedy films
1984 films
1980s fantasy comedy films
American fantasy comedy films
American sequel films
The Devil in film
Films about God
Films about music and musicians
Films based on American novels
Films based on fantasy novels
Films directed by Paul Bogart
Films scored by David Shire
Films set in Los Angeles
Warner Bros. films
Works based on the Faust legend
Films with screenplays by Andrew Bergman
1980s English-language films
1980s American films


Nikola Karabatić (born 11 April 1984) is a French professional handball player for Paris Saint-Germain and the French national team.

With the French national handball team, he has won three Olympic gold medals (Summer Olympics of 2008, 2012 and 2020), four World Championship gold medals (2009, 2011, 2015 and 2017) as well as three gold medals in the European Championship (2006, 2010 and 2014). He also won L'Équipe Champion of Champions in 2011. He is regarded as one of the greatest players in handball history, and he was IHF World Player of the Year for a male record-tying three times, in 2007, 2014, and 2016.

Club career
Karabatić began his professional career at the top French club Montpellier HB. There he became French champion in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 as well as winner of the EHF Champions League in 2003. He then played for the German club THW Kiel, who became German champions in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, and won the EHF Champions League in 2007. In the summer of 2009 he left Germany and returned to Montpellier HB, winning three further French champion titles in 2010, 2011 and 2012. After a quick stay in Pays d'Aix Université Club handball, Aix-en-Provence, between February and June in 2013, he moved to FC Barcelona and then in 2015 he moved to and currently plays for PSG Handball.

International career
He is an Olympic, World and European champion. He first became a European champion in the 2006 European Men's Handball Championship, subsequently becoming a bronze medallist in the 2008 edition of the championship. He has received two bronze medals at the World Championships, in 2003 and 2005. At the 2007 World Men's Handball Championship, he was voted into the All-Star Team in which France finished fourth. He was also voted into the All Star Team at the 2004 European Men's Handball Championship.

Personal life
Nikola was born in Niš, SFR Yugoslavia, to a Croatian father and Serbian mother. Nikola's father Branko Karabatić, who was also a professional handball player, is originally from Vrsine, a village between Trogir and Marina in Croatia. In his career, Branko played for the Železničar handball team from Niš, which is where he met his wife Radmila, who is originally from Aleksinac, Serbia. The family moved to France after Nikola's father got a coaching job there when Nikola was  years old. His younger brother, Luka, is also a professional handball player.

On 30 September 2012, he was involved in match-fixing and was arrested alongside his wife and his brother Luka.

In addition to French, he speaks English,  Serbo-Croatian, German and Spanish.

Achievements

Club
 EHF Champions League:
 Winner in 2003, 2007, 2015
 Runners up in 2008, 2009, 2017
 IHF Super Globe: 2013, 2014
 European Super Cup: 2007
 French league: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2011,  2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
 French cup: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2018, 2021, 2022
 French league cup: 2004, 2005, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2017, 2018
 French supercup: 2010, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2023
 German league: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
 German cup: 2007, 2008, 2009
 German supercup: 2005, 2007, 2008
 Spanish league: 2014, 2015
 Spanish cup: 2014, 2015
 Spanish supercup: 2013, 2014
 Asobal cup: 2013, 2014
 Catalonia Supercup: 2013, 2014
 Pyrenees league: 2004

International
 Olympics
 Gold: 2008, 2012, 2020
 Silver: 2016
 World championship
 Gold: 2009, 2011, 2015, 2017
 Silver: 2023
 Bronze: 2005, 2019
 European championship
 Gold: 2006, 2010, 2014
 Bronze: 2008, 2018
 World cup 2002
 Tournoi de France: 2007, 2011

Individual
 IHF World Player of the Year – Men
 Winner: 2007, 2014, 2016
 Second: 2009, 2010, 2015
 With French national team:
 Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the World Championship (2): 2011, 2017
 Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the European Championship (2): 2008, 2014
 Top Scorer of the European Championship: 2008
 All-Star Centre back of the Olympic Games: 2012, 2016
 All-Star Centre back of the World Championship: 2009, 2015
 All-Star Centre back of the European Championship: 2010
 All-Star Left back of the World Championship: 2007
 All-Star Left back of the European Championship: 2004
 Best player of Tournoi de France: 2007, 2011
 With clubs:
 champions league
 Best striker: 2007 (89 goals)
 All-stars team: 2014
 France
 Best player of French league: 2010, 2013, 2017
 Best left back of French league: 2004, 2005
 Best center back of French league: 2010, 2016, 2017
 Best player of French supercup: 2010
 Germany
 Best player of the year in Germany: 2007, 2008
 Best player of the season in German league: 2006–07, 2007–08
 Best left back in German league: 2006, 2007, 2008
 Best player of German All-stars game: 2007
 Best player of Spanish league: 2014, 2015
 Others
 Sportsman on France: 2011

See also
List of handballers with 1000 or more international goals

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
French male handball players
French people of Croatian descent
French people of Serbian descent
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for France
Olympic gold medalists for France
Sportspeople from Niš
Montpellier Handball players
Olympic medalists in handball
Yugoslav emigrants to France
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
European champions for France
Liga ASOBAL players
FC Barcelona Handbol players
THW Kiel players
Handball-Bundesliga players
Expatriate handball players
French expatriate sportspeople in Germany
French expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for France
Handball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Naturalized citizens of France


Native Speaker (1995) is the first novel by Korean-American author Chang-Rae Lee. It explores the life of a man named Henry Park who tries to assimilate into American society.

Synopsis

Plot
Henry Park, a young Korean-American "spook" for Dennis Hoagland, is assigned to infiltrate the camp of John Kwang, a Korean-American politician running for mayor of New York City. Henry struggles with the recent separation from his white wife, Lelia, due to the premature death of their son Mitt. Further, he develops a keen double consciousness, knowing that his actions will cause the ruin of a fellow Korean-American, and tarnish an exemplar of success for members of a "model minority" in America.

Characters

Henry Park: An industrial spy who is assigned to be on John Kwang's pre-campaign team. His Korean name is Byong-ho.
Lelia Park: Henry's estranged wife who is a speech therapist from a wealthy, Scottish-American East Coast family. She met Henry at a party during one of his initial assignments.
Mitt Park : Henry and Lelia’s son who died at the age of seven.
John Kwang: A Korean-American politician running for Mayor of New York who becomes a surrogate father to Henry.
Emile Luzan: A Filipino-American therapist whom Henry spied on but ended up befriending. He helped Henry recover from Mitt's death.
Sherrie Chin-Watt: John Kwang's PR assistant. Married to a European-American banker, but having an affair with Kwang.
Mr Park: Henry's father, a strict man who was once an industrial engineer in Korea.
Mrs Park: Henry's mother who died from cancer when Henry was ten.
Dennis Hoagland: Henry's boss.
Maid (Ahjuma): A young Korean woman who took care of Henry as a child.
May: John's wife whom he met when she came from Korea.
Sophie: Jack's Italian-American wife.
Jack: Henry's best friend and coworker who is a Greek-American.
Janice Pawlowsky: Henry's manager of John Kwang.
Eduardo Fermin: A Latino man who idolizes John Kwang. He dies during a fire at Kwang's campaign headquarters. He's also a spy for Hoagland's spy firm, but John Kwang thinks he works for mayor De La Roos's reelection campaign.
Pete Ichibata: A Japanese co-worker known for crude jokes and excessive drinking.
John Kwang Jr: John's and May's son and Peter's brother troubled with school who reminded Henry of his son Mitt
Peter Kwang: John Jr's brother and son of John and May
Lelia's parents: Henry's in laws and Mitt's grandparents
Molly: Lelia's friend and an artist. During Henry and Lelia's separation, Lelia stays in Molly's apartment.

Major themes
Henry is the quintessential Korean-American, as much of his Korean heritage resonates through his voice, personality, and beliefs. His Korean upbringing still shows up in his adult life. Like many American immigrants trying to find an identity in a foreign land, Henry is an "...emotional alien...stranger [and] follower..." who constantly feels isolated from the country in which he lives and also the country from which he came. Even though he is American, Henry Park feels a constant alienation and sense of isolation. There are many challenges that come with fitting into American life because of the difference in culture, beliefs, behavior; and because of the desire to still hold on to one's heritage.

Awards and nominations
PEN/Hemingway Award for Best First Novel
Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers Award
American Book Award
QPB New Visions Award
Oregon Book Award
ALA Notable Book

References

1995 American novels
Novels by Chang-Rae Lee
Novels set in New York City
Berkley Books books
American Book Award-winning works
Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award-winning works


Michael Patrick Murphy (12 March 1919 – 28 October 2000) was an Irish Labour Party politician. A publican before entering politics, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork West constituency at the 1951 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent election until he retired at the 1981 general election.

From 1961 he was elected for the Cork South-West constituency. He was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture by the government of  the Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave, serving from 1973 to 1977. In February 1977, he was reassigned as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Fisheries, serving until May 1977.

His daughter Kate Ann married John O'Donoghue, former Fianna Fáil TD for Kerry South.

References

1919 births
2000 deaths
Labour Party (Ireland) TDs
Members of the 14th Dáil
Members of the 15th Dáil
Members of the 16th Dáil
Members of the 17th Dáil
Members of the 18th Dáil
Members of the 19th Dáil
Members of the 20th Dáil
Members of the 21st Dáil
Members of Cork County Council
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 20th Dáil


Charles A. Morris (1853 - March 8, 1914) was a Bloomfield, New Jersey engineer who owned his own dredging firm in New Jersey in the 1880s. Born in 1853, Morris came from a family of engineers and inventors. He invented a sliding bucket used for loading ships and other shipping devices. He helped the pioneering inventor  John Philip Holland gain acceptance of his craft within the United States naval community. Mr. Morris was a good friend of the inventor and helped him out during a time when Holland was in financial trouble prior to the acceptance of The United States Navy's first commissioned submarine, . Morris served as the shipyard superintending engineer on the submarine project from 1896 to 1897. The pioneering submarine was purchased by the United States Government on 11 April 1900.

Notes

External links

Submarine Pioneers: United States Navy site
John Philip Holland's web site with information on engineer, Charles A. Morris

1853 births
1914 deaths
People from Bloomfield, New Jersey
American inventors
American marine engineers
Submarine pioneers


Dave Kellett is the creator and cartoonist of two webcomic titles, Sheldon and Drive, and the co-author of How To Make Webcomics.

Early years and education
Kellett is a southern California native. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a bachelor's degree in English and Spanish. While there, he produced the daily comic strip Four Groups of the Apocalypse for the student newspaper The Observer. He earned a master's degree from University of California, San Diego in Literature with his thesis, "To draw in the crowd : the cartoon and the 'public sphere' of eighteenth-century England." He received the Rotary Foundation Ambassadorial Scholarship, to attend the University of Kent at Canterbury in England (within the Centre for Cartooning and Caricature Studies). There, he earned a master's degree in History of cartoon art propaganda with his thesis, "Philip Zec: Cartoonist in a Propaganda War."

Career
Dave Kellett is the creator behind the successful web comics:  Sheldon about a 10-year-old computer genius billionaire, and the sci-fi strip Drive.   The author of twelve comic books, and the co-author of the Harvey-Award-nominated book How To Make Webcomics, Kellett regularly speaks around the country on the subject of cartooning in new media.

In 2014, Kellet released the comics documentary Stripped, produced with twice-Sundance-nominated cinematographer, Fred Schroeder.  He has been an invited speaker at Savannah College of Art & Design, the Society of Illustrators, Ohio State’s triennial Festival of Cartoon Art, the Charles M. Schulz Museum, the San Francisco Cartoon Art Museum, Loyola Marymount University, South by Southwest Festival (SxSW), San Diego Comic-Con, New York Comic-Con, Seattle’s Emerald City Comicon and more.  His cartoons have appeared in the Los Angeles Times, San Diego Union-Tribune, and dozens of others.

Kellett holds two master's degrees in the art and history of cartooning: First, at the University of California San Diego; and then at the University of Kent, UK, at its Centre for Cartoon and Caricature Studies, on a full academic scholarship from the Rotary Foundation.  After working for Mattel Toys as the head writer and a senior toy designer for 8 years, Dave pursued cartooning full-time in 2007.  Dave started Sheldon in 1998 and Drive in 2009.

Awards
 Winner, 2015 National Cartoonists' Society On-line comics - Short Form Silver Reuben Award for Sheldon.
 Nominated for an Eisner Award in 2011
Nominated for a Harvey Award in 2009
Finalist, Scripps Howard Foundation National Journalism Award (College Cartooning)
Rotary Foundation Ambassadorial Scholar

Authored books
Kellett has authored the following books:

Still Got It: The Seventh Sheldon Collection
Living Dangerously With Saturated Fats: The Sixth Sheldon Collection
Nerds On Parade: The Fifth Sheldon Collection
Pugs: God's Little Weirdos
A Blizzard of Lizards: The Fourth Sheldon Collection
62% More Awesome: The Third Sheldon Collection
The Good, The Bad & The Pugly: The Second Sheldon Collection
Pure Ducky Goodness: The First Sheldon Collection
A Well Balanced Meal: The Very Best of: Four Food Groups of the Apocalypse

He also co-authored the book How to Make Webcomics.

Acting and other projects
Kellett was a part of the sketch comedy group And Donkey Makes Five from Los Angeles, California. He also performed in Comedy Central's South Beach Comedy Festival in Miami in 2009. Kellett has performed on stage in Skirts and Flirts in New York and in Los Angeles. He also performed in Der Inka von Peru at the George Wood Theatre in London.

Kellett was a co-host of the comics-focused podcast, Webcomics Weekly.

References

External links
"Freeing of the Comics"
 Official Sheldon website
 Webcomics Weekly
 Half Pixel
 Drive Comic website

American cartoonists
American webcomic creators
Living people
University of Notre Dame alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
Alumni of the University of Kent
Year of birth missing (living people)


Al Liby (اللّيبي, 'the Libyan'), or variations, is a surname, alias or nom-de-guerre used by several individuals from Libya.  Variations include al Libi, al-Libi, al-Liby and al-Libby. People with the name include:

 Abdullah Said al Libi, al Qaeda's operations planner for Pakistan, killed by a drone in 2009
 Abu Faraj al-Libbi (Mustafa Faraj Muhammad Muhammad Masud al-Jadid al-Uzaybi), alleged al Qaeda leader, held at Guantanamo
 Abu Laith al-Libi (Ali Ammar Ashur al-Rufayi,), senior figure in al Qaeda, reportedly killed in a drone strike in 2008
 Abu Yahya al-Libi (Mohamed Hassan Qaid), leading official of al Qaeda, escaped from detention in Bagram, killed by a drone in 2012
 Abu Anas al-Liby (Nazih Abdul-Hamed Nabih al-Ruqai'i), indicted for the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, died in U.S. custody in 2015
 Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi (Ali Mohamed Abdul Aziz al-Fakheri), who provided the source of US claims used to support the 2003 Iraq war, died by suicide in prison in 2009
 Abd al-Muhsin Al-Libi (Ibrahim Tantoush), alleged Libyan Al-Qaeda leader, indicted by the U.S.
 Salem Abdul Salem Ghereby, or Luqman al-Libi, held in Guantanamo 2002–2016
 Abdel Wahab Qaid, or Abu Idris al-Libi, Libyan politician and former militia leader
 Abu Habib al-Libi, or Abu Habib al-Libi, senior Islamic State leader in Iraq and Libya

See also

Arabic-language surnames
Nisbas
Toponymic surnames


No Stone Unturned is a compilation album by The Rolling Stones released in 1973. Eight of the twelve tracks had been previously released on single b-sides in the United Kingdom, and the rest had been released on EPs.

The song "Sad Day" was released as a single from the album.

Neither the album or the single "Sad Day" were released with consent from the band, who had lost control over their pre-1971 catalog when they terminated their contract with Decca Records.  Decca would continue to release such unauthorized albums over the next several decades.

Track listing
All songs composed by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards except as noted.

Digital release

In 2013, ABKCO included No Stone Unturned Vol. 1 and No Stone Unturned Vol. 2 in their comprehensive iTunes digital release The Rolling Stones 1963-1971. As that release focused on the UK album configurations, the two volumes included 43 "singles, B sides and more" not included in the original UK studio albums and EPs, including many of their biggest hits, which were often contained in their US album counterparts, e.g. "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" on Out of Our Heads, "Paint It Black" on Aftermath and "Let's Spend the Night Together" on Between the Buttons.

The digital release of No Stone Unturned was designed in a similar fashion to The Beatles' Past Masters compilations: to supplement the band's UK albums and EPs to make a "Complete Collection Box Set" of the entire studio output of the band owned by ABKCO.  Thus, four songs from the 1973 release were not included because they didn't meet this criteria:
"Poison Ivy (version 2)" – included on The Rolling Stones (EP), the much rarer version 1 was included instead
"Money" –  included on The Rolling Stones (EP)
"I'm Moving On (live)" – live song from Got Live If You Want It! (EP), no live tracks were included
"2120 South Michigan Avenue (short version)" – an edit of the long version included on 12 x 5

No Stone Unturned Vol. 1 and No Stone Unturned Vol. 2 were later released separately on the 7digital service. Similar to Hot Rocks 1964-1971, the collection ends with "Brown Sugar" and "Wild Horses" since ABKCO holds dual copyright ownership in conjunction with The Rolling Stones for those two songs.

Track listing
All songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, except where noted.

References

Albums produced by Andrew Loog Oldham
Albums produced by Jimmy Miller
B-side compilation albums
The Rolling Stones compilation albums
1973 compilation albums
Decca Records compilation albums


The 1883 Louisville Eclipse season was a season in American baseball. The team finished with a 52–45 record, fifth place in the American Association.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1883 Louisville Eclipse team page at Baseball Reference

Louisville Colonels seasons
Louisville Eclipse season
Louisville Eclipse