Steven Smith (born May 6, 1985) is an American former professional  football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and earned All-American honors.  He was drafted by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2007 NFL Draft, and has also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He is often mistaken for Steve Smith Sr., the Carolina Panthers and Baltimore Ravens wide receiver of the same name.

Early years
Smith was born in Anchorage, Alaska.  He played at Taft High School in the San Fernando Valley, where he set the state records for most receptions (271) and yardage (4486) in a varsity career, and led the Toreadors to two consecutive Los Angeles City Section Championship games (although they lost both games).  His career yardage record was surpassed by Canyon High School Wide Receiver, Drew Wolitarsky on October 5, 2012. He played in the 2003 U.S. Army All-American Bowl with several of his USC Trojan teammates including Reggie Bush, LenDale White, and Sam Baker. He also played high school basketball and was a teammate with  former Los Angeles Lakers point guard  Jordan Farmar.

College career

Smith attended the University of Southern California, where he was one of the top two wide receivers by yardage for the USC Trojans football team.  He was on the Maxwell Award 2006 watch list for the best player in college football and was named to the 2006 All-Pac-10 team First Team and to the 2006 All-Pac-10 Second Team by rivals.com.  Smith was named honorable mention on the SI.com All-American team and First-team All-American by CBS Sportsline.  Smith was voted team MVP in 2006 by teammates of his 4th ranked Trojans team. Smith caught three touchdown passes from Heisman Trophy winner Matt Leinart in USC's 55-19 national championship/Orange Bowl victory over Oklahoma.

Professional career

New York Giants
Smith was drafted in the second round (51st overall) by the New York Giants in the 2007 NFL Draft. He wore number 12. Smith only played in five games in the 2007 regular season (Weeks 1, 2, 15, 16, 17), recording eight catches for 63 yards and no touchdowns.  However, after returning from a shoulder and hamstring injury, Smith turned in an outstanding postseason as he became a reliable third down receiver for quarterback Eli Manning. He made two big catches at the end of the first half in Dallas, which set up a game-tying touchdown and caught five passes in Super Bowl XLII, including four on third down. One of which was a 12-yard reception on a third and 11 with 45 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter. Smith and the Giants prevailed over the New England Patriots 17-14. In the 2008 regular season, Smith became one of Manning's favorite targets, and not just on 3rd down as Smith led the Giants in receptions over Amani Toomer and Plaxico Burress, who both started over Smith. Smith helped the Giants win the NFC East division.

In the 2009 season, with the Giants' loss of Burress and Toomer, Smith and Domenik Hixon were named the starting wideouts. Smith opened the season explosively, and by the end of week 4, Smith led the NFL in receptions (34), receiving yards (411), and touchdown receptions (4).

In Week 15, in a game against the Redskins, Smith broke the Giants franchise record for most receptions in a single season, also becoming the first Giants receiver in history to make 90 catches in one season.

Smith was selected as an alternate in the 2010 Pro Bowl. He later replaced Arizona Cardinals wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald on the 2010 Pro Bowl roster after Fitzgerald withdrew with an injury.

Philadelphia Eagles
On August 10, 2011, Smith agreed to a one-year, $2 million deal with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was placed on the active/physically unable to perform list on August 13. He was activated from the list on August 27.

He had eleven catches for 124 yards and a touchdown before he was placed on injured reserve on December 12 due to a bone bruise in his knee. He played in nine games for the Eagles, with one start against the Arizona Cardinals on November 13, in which he made five catches for 47 yards.

St. Louis Rams
The St. Louis Rams signed Smith on March 26, 2012.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On April 2, 2013, Smith signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Smith announced his retirement on May 29, 2013. Five years later, in his first year of eligibility, Smith was mistakenly announced as a modern-era nominee to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

NFL career statistics

Personal life
Smith's brother, Malcolm Smith, was the MVP of Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seattle Seahawks. According to his biography page from the New York Giants, Steve was a Public Policy/Management and Planning major at USC. He was born in Anchorage, Alaska, raised in Woodland Hills, California and Canoga Park, California, but currently resides in Woodland Hills, CA.

References

External links

 USC profile

1985 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
New York Giants players
Philadelphia Eagles players
St. Louis Rams players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
USC Trojans football players
All-American college football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Anchorage, Alaska
People from Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
Players of American football from Los Angeles
American victims of crime
African-American players of American football
William Howard Taft Charter High School alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


WYVC (102.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Camden, Alabama. The station is owned by Down Home Broadcasting. It airs an Urban Gospel music format.

The station was assigned the WYVC call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on January 31, 2007.

The station's broadcast license expired on April 1, 2004, after the station failed to file a timely license renewal. After legal actions and discussions with the FCC, the station's license was cancelled and the callsign deleted from the FCC database on June 24, 2005. A deal was then reached for the station to pay its regulatory fees and re-apply for its broadcast license. However, in 2007 the FCC learned that the station had not stopped broadcasting after its license was cancelled and issued a notice of apparent liability for $14,000 in new fines. After roughly five years of back and forth with the license holder, the FCC determined that the fines would not be paid. The station again failed to renew its license and it expired on April 1, 2012. On April 6, 2012, the station's license was cancelled and its callsign deleted from the FCC's database.

The license (For WYVC) was re-instated in May 2013. (Taken from Alabama Broadcast Media Page)

In 'August 2015, WYVC started broadcasting in Stereo.

References

External links

YVC
Gospel radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1994
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
Radio stations established in 2013
1994 establishments in Alabama
2012 disestablishments in Alabama
2013 establishments in Alabama
YVC (original)


Knock on Wood is the debut album of soul singer/songwriter Eddie Floyd, released in 1967 on Stax Records. The album was recorded between July and December 1966 at Stax Recording Studio. It features his most well-known single, the title track, "Knock on Wood".

Track listing
 "Knock on Wood" (Steve Cropper, Floyd) – 3:05
 "Something You Got" (Chris Kenner, Fats Domino) – 3:05
 "But It's Alright" (J.J. Jackson, Pierre Tubbs) – 2:53
 "I Stand Accused" (Billy Butler, Jerry Butler) – 3:21
 "If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody" (Rudy Clark)– 2:46
 "I Don't Want to Cry" (Luther Dixon, Chuck Jackson) – 2:50
 "Raise Your Hand" (Cropper, Floyd, Alvertis Isbell) – 2:26
 "Got to Make a Comeback" (Floyd, Joe Shamwell) – 2:40
 "634-5789" (Cropper, Floyd) – 3:03
 "I've Just Been Feeling Bad" (Cropper, Floyd) – 2:42
 "High-Heel Sneakers" (Robert Higginbotham) – 2:43
 "Warm and Tender Love" (Bobby Robinson) – 3:32

Chart and single history

Personnel
 Eddie Floyd – vocals
 Booker T. Jones – piano, organ
 Isaac Hayes – piano
 Steve Cropper – guitar
 Donald Dunn – bass guitar
 Al Jackson Jr. – drums
 Wayne Jackson – trumpet
 Andrew Love – tenor saxophone
 Floyd Newman – baritone saxophone

References

1967 debut albums
Eddie Floyd albums
Albums produced by Isaac Hayes
Stax Records albums
Albums produced by Steve Cropper


Pentti Aatos Kahma (December 3, 1943 Alavieska) is a retired discus thrower from Finland, who is best known for winning the title at the 1974 European Championships in Rome, Italy. He represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

References
 1975 year ranking

External links

1943 births
Living people
People from Alavieska
Finnish male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Finland
European Athletics Championships medalists
Sportspeople from North Ostrobothnia


Captain John Coxon, sometimes referred to as John Coxen, was a late-seventeenth-century buccaneer who terrorized the Spanish Main. Coxon was one of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers. Coxon lived during the Buccaneering Age of Piracy.

Coxon's ship, a vessel of eighty tons that carried eight guns and a crew of ninety-seven men, is lost to date, with no traces of its name anywhere.

John Coxon as a pirate
Very little is known about Coxon's early life. The act that brought Coxon to public notice was his surprising and plundering the Spanish town of Santa Marta in the Caribbean. Coxon was held responsible for abducting the governor and the bishop of Santa Marta to Jamaica.

Capture of Santa Marta
John Coxon took part in a raid in June 1677 where he and his crew sacked the town, taking the Governor and Bishop as prisoners for ransom. Soon after, the three warships of Armada de Barlovento advanced upon them with 500 soldiers, forcing them to retreat to Port Royal. Coxon entered the port on 28 July 1677, with the Bishop Dr. Lucas Fernandez y Piedrahita and a Spanish friar and presented them to Lord Vaughan, the colony's Governor. English officers attempted to acquire the prisoner from the pirates only to be met with a ship of drunkards who were impossible to cooperate with. Governor Vaughan ordered that the French sailors depart and advised Coxon that it was illegal for him to serve under different nations. The French sailors left bitterly with their prisoners, releasing Bishop Fernandez y Piedrahita to the Spanish in Cartagena.

Raid in the Gulf of Honduras
Soon after, Coxon met with many privateers, staging a raid in the Gulf of Honduras. This raid proved to be useful, as the pirates and privateers collected a stash of five hundred chests of indigo dye, in addition to cocoa, cochineal, money, plate, and tortoiseshell.

Shortly afterwards, Coxon made himself an ally of several other important buccaneers of the day, including Cornelius Essex, Bartholomew Sharp, Thomas Magott, and Robert Allison, plus French rovers Bournano and Rose. They then set sail for Portobelo. Upon reaching Portobelo, they travelled for around four days, and on 17 February, they plundered the town carelessly, escaping the Spanish armies. Through this, each man earned, at the very least, one-hundred pieces of eight.

Because of the plundering of Portobelo, the Governor of Jamaica, Lord Carlisle, issued search warrants for Coxon and his notorious crew. In addition, Henry Morgan, when acting as governor, issued another warrant for Coxon, but nothing resulted from these writs.

Raids in Panama
After sacking Porto Bello in 1680, John Coxon and Peter Harris led their company across Panama. With these two men were other famous pirates such as Bartholomew Sharp, Basil Ringrose, William Dampier, William Dick, John Cox, Edmund Cooke, and Lionel Wafer, some of whom left journals of their exploits. The pirates crafted small canoes from trees and eventually traded the canoes for larger ships in the Bay of Panama. After a series of desertions the ships came under command of Bartholemew Sharp who conducted raids in the South Sea for two years using uninhabited lands like the islands of Juan Fernandez and the islands Plata, Gorgona, and Coiba as hiding spots in between raids. From there they plundered the South and Central American Pacific coasts, where attacks spanned from Coquimbo to the Gulf of Nicoya.

Against a Spanish fleet
Due to the carelessness and the scarce treasure that Coxon and his crew plundered at Porto Bello, Coxon became quite angered and returned to Santa Marta to commit other acts of piracy, shortly after which he crossed the Isthmus of Darien, more commonly known as the Isthmus of Panama. At Panama, Coxon and his crew attacked, and eventually took a Spanish fleet of many a man-of-war. This event was one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of buccaneers. At least one of the ships Coxon captured was later retaken by Spanish privateers led by Juan Corso.

Heated arguments
Having done both of these feats, Coxon quarreled with the other buccaneer captains resulting in them moving in their separate ways. Coxon, in naught but an Indian canoe, travelled to the Pacific Coast , and with his crew of seventy, stole two sloops. Coxon then returned, with his crew, to Jamaica, as a legendary pirate.

Disguise
Having robbed letters of marque that were sealed for Robert Clarke, Coxon continued to commit acts of piracy, sometimes under this disguise.

Coxon was caught and tried several times, but always managed to escape the gallows somehow.

Privateering
By 1682 Coxon had turned pirate-hunter, sent by the Governor of Jamaica to bring in French pirate Jean Hamlin after two Royal Navy ships failed; Coxon was also unsuccessful.

In 1682, Coxon received a Bahamian commission permitting the capture of Spanish ships. In October, Coxon was employed by Governor Thomas Lynch of Jamaica. Lynch reported that Coxon suppressed an attempted mutiny.

In November 1683, Coxon returned to piracy; however, early in 1684, he obtained a commission to hunt pirates and Indians from the governor of the Leewards. In January 1686, colonial authorities in Jamaica arrested Coxon, who subsequently escaped. Coxon later received a pardon, after surrendering to Jamaican authorities in September 1688.

Disappearance
To date, no one is sure of what happened to John Coxon or his ship, but several accounts, including those of his crew's, stated that his ship weighed around eighty tons and was equipped with eight guns.

See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea

Notes

External links
John Coxon at The Pirate King

1680s missing person cases
17th-century English criminals
17th-century pirates
Fugitives
Missing person cases in North America
Pardoned pirates
People lost at sea
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown


"Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu" (English: "The Unknown Masterpiece") is a short story by Honoré de Balzac. It was first published in the newspaper L'Artiste with the title "Maître Frenhofer" (English: "Master Frenhofer") in August 1831. It appeared again later in the same year under the title "Catherine Lescault, conte fantastique".  It was published in Balzac's Études philosophiques in 1837 and was integrated into La Comédie humaine in 1846. The work is separated into two chapters: "Gillette" and "Catherine Lescault".

"Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu" is a reflection on art, and has had an important influence on modernist artists.

Plot summary
Young Nicolas Poussin, as yet unknown, visits the painter Porbus in his workshop.  He is accompanied by the old master Frenhofer, who comments expertly on the large tableau that Porbus has just finished. The painting is of Mary of Egypt, and while Frenhofer sings her praises, he hints that the work seems unfinished.  With some slight touches of the paintbrush, Frenhofer transforms Porbus' painting such that Mary the Egyptian appears to come alive before their very eyes.  Although Frenhofer has mastered his technique, he admits that he has been unable to find a suitable model for his own masterpiece, which depicts a beautiful courtesan called Catherine Lescault, known as La Belle noiseuse. He has been working on this future masterpiece that no one has yet seen for ten years. Poussin offers his own lover, Gillette, as a model. Gillette is so beautiful that Frenhofer is inspired to finish his project quickly. Poussin and Porbus come to admire the painting, but all they can see is part of a foot that has been lost in a swirl of colors. Their disappointment drives Frenhofer to madness, and he burns his paintings and dies that night.

Historical background
Unlike most other stories in La Comédie humaine, this is set in the 17th century, in the year 1612. Of the three artists depicted in this story, Poussin and Porbus were real artists of the 17th century. Frenhofer is a purely fictional character. In the case of Porbus, Balzac used the gallicized version of the surname of Frans Pourbus.

Influence on artists

Paul Cézanne strongly identified with Frenhofer, once saying "Frenhofer, c'est moi" (I am Frenhofer). Critic Jon Kear argues that Cézanne's own attempts to paint the nude were heavily influenced by Balzac's portrayal of Frenhofer's work.

In 1927, Ambroise Vollard asked Picasso to illustrate "Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu". Picasso was fascinated by the text and identified with Frenhofer so much that he moved to the rue des Grands-Augustins in Paris where Balzac located Porbus' studio. There he painted his own masterpiece, Guernica. Picasso lived here during World War II.

Adaptations
Sidney Peterson's 1949 avant-garde film Mr Frenhofer and the Minotaur was based on the link between the short story and the work of Picasso. It draws on Picasso's Minotauromachy, bringing Picasso's work to life with the characters of Gillette, Poussin and Porbus participating.

"Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu" inspired the film La Belle Noiseuse by Jacques Rivette (1991).

References

External links

 "The Unknown Masterpiece", translation (by Ellen Marriage?) at Project Gutenberg (full text)
 "The Hidden Masterpiece", translation by Katharine Prescott Wormeley at Project Gutenberg (full text)
 Nicolas Poussin paintings
  "Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu", audio version
 Picasso's Illustrations for "Le Chef-d'œuvre inconnu"

1831 short stories
Books of La Comédie humaine
Fiction set in 1612
French short stories
Short stories adapted into films
Short stories by Honoré de Balzac
Works originally published in L'Artiste


The following article presents a summary of the 1925 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 24th season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

AA das Palmeiras matches were canceled, as the club abandoned the competition.

AA São Bento declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Other competition champions

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1925.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1925 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


An ore dock is a large structure used for loading ore (typically from railway cars or ore jennies) onto ships, which then carry the ore to steelworks or to transshipment points. Most known ore docks were constructed near iron mines on the upper Great Lakes and served the lower Great Lakes. Ore docks still in existence are typically about  wide,  high, and vary from   to  in length. They are commonly constructed from wood, steel, reinforced concrete, or combinations of these materials.

They are commonly used for loading bulk ore carriers with high mass, low-value ore, such as iron ore, in raw or taconite form.

Construction
Ore docks are typically long, high structures, with a railway track or tracks along the top and a number of "pockets" into which ore is unloaded from railcars, typically by gravity. Each pocket has a chute that can be lowered to discharge the ore into the hold of a ship berthed alongside. The use of pockets and chutes allows the dock itself to be loaded with ore before it is transferred into the freighter.

The docks' storage bins or pockets are typically wider at the top than the bottom, and they lead to movable steel chutes. These chutes project out over the water at a slight angle from the sides of the docks. The hinged chutes, which are lowered to drop ore from the pockets into ships, are located at twelve-foot intervals over the length of the dock.

This spacing is not coincidental, as the docks and the lakers they could load evolved together, and laker hatch spacing is typically 12, or  on center.

History

Since the late 1800s, ore docks have been a common sight in many Lake Superior ports of Minnesota, Wisconsin and especially Michigan. Rich iron ore deposits were first discovered in the Upper Peninsula in the 1840s and remain a significant source of wealth for the state. By the 1890s, Michigan was the largest supplier of iron ore in the United States. Railroads would haul ore from the mines to the ore docks on the Great Lakes in places such as Escanaba and Marquette, where the cargo would be loaded onto ore freighters and transported to the rest of the country.

Iron ore was first discovered in Michigan's Upper Peninsula on September 19, 1844, by William A. Burt, who was then employed to lead a party engaged in surveying the Upper Peninsula on behalf of the United States government. Variations in the readings of magnetic compasses employed suggested that something was disturbing the local magnetic fields, and, on investigation of part of the Marquette Iron Range, ore was found as close to the surface as just below the sod.

Development of this find was ongoing throughout the 1840s and early 1850s. The initial focus was on producing iron locally, as shipping was difficult. Early shipping attempts using mule teams, plank roads, and barrels loaded as deck cargo on schooners required transshipment after portaging the St. Marys River rapids, and costs proved prohibitive. However, as the mines continued to develop and railways were put in place, the volume of ore increased, far outstripping the local production capacity. In 1855, the Soo Locks opened, and the volume of ore shipped increased, with a total of 1447 tons shipped on various brigs and schooners. The first dock specifically for the ore trade was built in 1857 in Marquette. It was flat rather than elevated, and the vessels were loaded by men using wheelbarrows.

By 1860, the volume of ore shipped through the Soo Locks had increased to 114,401 tons; it fell to 49,909 tons the next year after the American Civil War broke out. But by 1862, an additional wooden dock had been constructed at Marquette, this time featuring an elevated railway trestle for ore jennies to discharge ore into pockets.

In 1911 another iron ore loading dock was built: the wooden frame work was replaced with a concrete and steel frame work.  The new iron ore loading dock at Marquette was 1200 feet long; 75 feet high; and 60 feet wide.  Four railroad tracks ran along the top and there was storage space inside the bottom concrete part for 60,000 tons of iron ore.  The new ore loading dock incorporated a concrete bottom half with a light steel frame work on top, replacing the wooden supports previously used. While this structure was more expensive to build than previous iron ore loading docks, the builders claimed the new construction would hold up far longer than the old construction method. Schooners started to feature regularly spaced hatch covers, which sped up loading. But steamers of the day were not well adapted for bulk cargoes such as iron ore. They did not have hatches through their decks. Instead they had gangways through the sides. So ore shipments were loaded via wheelbarrows through the gangways. By having a flat surface on one side and moorings directly under the pockets, schooners could receive the ore directly. Steamers moored on the opposite side of the dock for the manual method using wheelbarrows. However, unloading was still a laborious hand-powered affair.

During this period, the iron ore trade was dwarfed by the grain and lumber trade. For example, in 1866 about 1,500,000 tons of grain were received at the port of Buffalo, New York, alone. Chicago received about 400,000 tons of lumber. The amount of iron ore delivered to all Lake Erie ports amounted to only 278,976 gross tons. Until 1876, Marquette was the only port on Lake Superior that shipped iron ore to the east.

After the Civil War, advancement was rapid. The Cleveland Iron Mining Company's dock was  above the lake level and was originally built with 29 schooner pockets and 6 steam boat pockets. By 1872, it had been extended an additional , providing 54 additional pockets. During the 1873 season, the total tonnage of iron ore shipped from the port of Marquette was 1,175,000 tons.

As additional ore ranges (the Gogebic, Menominee East, and Menominee West) began to be developed, and the US developed more rapidly as an industrial power, other ports also constructed ore docks, primarily on Lake Superior. For example, Ashland, Wisconsin, the natural port for the Gogebic Range, had three docks by 1916, the first built by the Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Railway in 1884-1885. It was  long, with 234 pockets, and four tracks on the dock, and could hold 25,000 tons of ore.

The natural port for the Menominee East range was Escanaba, Michigan; the first docks there were built in 1865.

By 1884, locomotives played a vital part in hauling ore from the mines to the docks. The pockets and chutes were filled using the hopper-type ore cars. In 1889, the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway operated a dock with 284 pockets. The railroads also provided alternate transportation for people, goods and eventually, iron ore.

The length and capacity of docks corresponded with the capacity of the ore freighters which they were designed to accommodate. As ore carriers increased in height and width, higher pocket openings were required and new docks had to be constructed, and older ones rebuilt. In 1867, vessels carried ore cargoes of 550 tons. The first steel ore freighters introduced in the 1880s had a capacity of 2,500 tons. By 1898, ships were carrying 6,400 tons and by 1938, 15,000 tons.

The demand for iron ore grew, faster dispatch of vessels was necessary, and larger rail cars and the number of more powerful locomotives for transporting the ore from mines to the docks increased with improved technology. These developments caused the old wooden Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway ore dock built in 1898 to become obsolete. A new dock was constructed by the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad Company of reinforced concrete and steel in 1911 and 1912 in the Upper Harbor near Presque Isle Park. This dock is  high,  long and has 200 pockets, with a total capacity of 50,000 tons of ore pellets. By 1929, more than one and one half times the combined yearly tonnage of the Panama and Suez canals passed through the Soo Locks. The dock is still in use today.

Activity also continued in Marquette's Lower Harbor. The Duluth, South Short and Atlantic Railway, in order to remain competitive, completed construction of a new dock in 1932. This dock was constructed of steel and concrete,  high,  long, with 150 pockets. The total capacity was 47,500 tons. The D.S.S. & A. Railway merged with other companies to form the Soo Line. The dock remained in operation until the late 1960s, when a decrease in demand for iron ore forced it to close. In 1987, the Soo Line sold its Lake States Division to Wisconsin Central Ltd. The ownership passed to the latter railroad, where it remains today.

Today
Many docks have been torn down or abandoned, but a few remain in operation. The Lake Superior & Ishpeming dock, one of the docks at Marquette, Michigan, loaded its 400 millionth ton of ore after 90 years of service. Another dock, built later by Merritt-Chapman & Scott for the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway (DSS&A), was taken out of service in 1971. , there are plans to redevelop this ore dock. The Mining Journal, a local newspaper, has stated that these include "ecological education facilities, year-round indoor botanical gardens, historical preservation and education, and community spaces."

The largest dock of the type in the world exist in Superior, Wisconsin as part of BNSF's Allouez Taconite Facility, however, these docks have been abandoned since 1978. Ore docks in Duluth, MN, and Two Harbors, MN, are still in service and operated by Canadian National Railway and Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad.

Ore docks are mentioned in popular culture, at least one high school athletic team, the Ashland, Wisconsin Oredockers takes their name from them, and they have been mentioned in song.

See also

 Dock (maritime)
 Hulett - a device used to remove ore from the freighter's holds at the other end of the journey
 Lake freighter - general bulk cargo ship whose evolution paralleled that of the docks.

References

External links
The Ore Docks of Marquette, NMU Archives

Steel
Rail freight transport
Civil engineering
Mineral transport
Shipping


The Alamo Area Library System (AALS) is one of ten public library systems in the U.S. state of Texas.  It consists of 46 member libraries located in 21 counties that surround the city of San Antonio and Bexar County. The San Antonio Public Library acts as the personnel and fiscal agent for AALS and houses the system office. AALS provides consulting and continuing education service to public and school librarians that reside in the San Antonio metropolitan area.

Consulting services
AALS staff consult in many areas of library services such as:

Collection development
Materials selection;
bilingual materials;
weeding; and
vendors.

Library administration
Policies;
management;
planning;
facilities; and
annual reports.

Grants
Grant reviews and resources.

Publicity/programming
Marketing plans;
summer reading programs; and
children's services.

Technology
Integrated library systems;
technical specifications;
networks; and
hardware/software.

Continuing education
AALS offers many continuing education opportunities to library staff members throughout the year.  Topics change each year, but are generally offered in the following broad categories:

Collection Development
Children's Services
Technology
Administration and Finance
Marketing
Friends, Boards and Trustees
Technical Services
Reference
Readers' Advisory
Buildings and Facilities

Member libraries
Kronkosky Library of Bandera County
Boerne Public Library
Kinney County Public Library
Bulverde/Spring Branch Library
Camp Wood Public Library
Tye Preston Memorial Library
Dimmit County Public Library
Castroville Public Library
Charlotte Public Library
Comfort Public Library
Converse Public Library
Alexander Memorial Library
Crystal City Memorial Library
Val Verde County Library
Driscoll Public Library
Dilley Public Library
Eagle Pass Public Library
Falls City Public Library
Sam Fore, Jr. Wilson County Public Library
Pioneer Memorial Library
Hondo Public Library
Jourdanton Public Library
Karnes City Public Library
Kendalia Public Library
Kenedy Public Library
Butt-Holdsworth Memorial Library
Lakehills Area Library
Real County Public Library
Leon Valley Public Library
Lytle Public Library
Marion ISD Community Library
Medina Community Library
New Braunfels Public Library
Pearsall Public Library
Pleasanton Public Library
Poteet Public Library
Quemado Public Library
Gilmer Memorial Library
Runge Public Library
Sabinal Public Library
San Antonio Public Library
Schertz Public Library
Seguin-Guadalupe County Public Library
Universal City Public Library
Utopia Memorial Library
El Progeso Memorial Library

External links
AALS
San Antonio Public Library
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Institute of Museum and Library Services

County library systems in Texas
Libraries in Bexar County, Texas
Education in Comal County, Texas
Libraries in San Antonio


São Francisco (Portuguese: Saint Francis) may refer to:

Places
Brazil
 Amparo de São Francisco, a municipality in Sergipe
 Barra de São Francisco, a municipality in Espírito Santo
 Belém de São Francisco, a municipality in Pernambuco
 Canindé de São Francisco, a municipality in Sergipe
 Lagoa de São Francisco, a municipality in Piauí
 Muquém de São Francisco, a municipality in Bahia
 Santana do São Francisco, a municipality in Sergipe
 São Francisco, Minas Gerais, a municipality in Minas Gerais
 São Francisco, Niterói, a neighborhood in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro
 São Francisco, Paraíba, a municipality in Paraíba
 São Francisco, Sergipe, a municipality in Sergipe
 São Francisco, São Paulo, a municipality in São Paulo
 São Francisco de Goiás, a municipality in Goiás
 São Francisco de Itabapoana, a municipality in Rio de Janeiro
 São Francisco de Sales, a municipality in Minas Gerais
 São Francisco do Brejão, a municipality in Maranhão
 São Francisco do Conde, a municipality in Bahia
 São Francisco do Glória, a municipality in Minas Gerais
 São Francisco do Guaporé, a municipality in Rondônia
 São Francisco do Iratapuru, a village in Amapá
 São Francisco do Maranhão, a municipality in Maranhão
 São Francisco do Oeste, a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte
 São Francisco do Pará, a municipality in Pará
 São Francisco do Piauí, a municipality in Piauí
 São Francisco do Sul, a municipality in Santa Catarina
 São Francisco Square, Sergipe

Rivers of Brazil
 São Francisco River
 São Francisco River (Belo River)
 São Francisco River (Paraná)
 São Francisco River (Rio de Janeiro)
 São Francisco River (Jequitinhonha River)
 São Francisco River (São Miguel River)
 São Francisco River (Jaciparaná River)
 São Francisco River (Paraíba)

Cape Verde
 São Francisco, Cape Verde, a village
 São Francisco (Tarrafal de São Nicolau), a parish

Other uses
 São Francisco Futebol Clube (PA), a football club in Santarém, Brazil
 Sao Francisco Craton, part of the Earth's crust in present-day Brazil
 St. Francis (disambiguation), several Roman Catholic saints

See also
 São Francisco de Assis (disambiguation)
 São Francisco de Paula (disambiguation)
 San Francisco (disambiguation), the Spanish language equivalent of São Francisco, several different things including the city San Francisco in California, United States
 List of places named after Saint Francis


WUSZ "Radio USA" (99.9 FM) is a U.S. radio station in Hibbing, Minnesota, serving the Iron Range region. The station airs country music, and is owned by Midwest Communications.

Sister Stations
Midwest also owns Seven radio stations on the Iron Range; WMFG, WMFG-FM, WNMT, WTBX, WEVE-FM, WDKE and WUSZ. All Seven stations share the same studio location at 807 W. 37th Street, Hibbing.

External links
99.9 Radio USA official website

Radio stations in Minnesota
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Minnesota
Midwest Communications radio stations


Junior Relaxer is the third album by Canadian alternative rock band King Cobb Steelie, released in 1997. The album's main single "Rational", a tribute to Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, was the band's biggest hit.

Prior to the album's release, the band had played several live shows of improvisational music using Junior Relaxer as a pseudonym.

Guest musicians on the album include Kinnie Starr, Nic Gotham, DJ Serious and Don Pyle.

Track listing
 Starvo
 Pass the Golden Falcon
 Rational
 Functions and Relations
 Power of Love
 Champion of Versatility
 You Should Be Getting Something
 Highly Conductive
 Doomed Thinking Man vs. Stupid Action Man
 Swiss Crumb
 Quo Vadis
 Irrational (Incarnate Perspective)

References

1997 albums
King Cobb Steelie albums


Ernst Otto Beckmann (July 4, 1853 – July 12, 1923) was a German pharmacist and chemist who is remembered for his invention of the Beckmann differential thermometer and for his discovery of the Beckmann rearrangement.

Scientific work

Ernst Otto Beckmann was born in Solingen, Germany on July 4, 1853, to a family headed by Johannes Friedrich Wilhelm Beckmann, a manufacturer. The elder Beckmann's factory produced mineral dyes, pigments, abrasives, and polishing material, and it was there that the younger Beckmann conducted his early chemical experiments. At the age of 17, Beckmann was persuaded by his father to study pharmacy instead of chemistry, and so in 1870 an apprenticeship was arranged in Elberfeld. However, Beckmann did not enjoy the working conditions and returned home, to his father's disappointment. Told that a chemical career would be difficult if could not handle an apprenticeship in pharmacy, Beckmann then returned to Elberfeld to finish his work. He also worked at pharmacies in Arolsen, Burg an der Wupper, Leipzig, and Cologne.

To improve his theoretical skills, in 1874 Beckmann joined the school of Remigius Fresenius in Wiesbaden, and moved to the University of Leipzig the following year when Fresenius became a professor there. At Leipzig, Beckmann came into contact with the renowned chemist Hermann Kolbe. Although Beckmann wanted to study chemistry, he finished his studies with Fresenius, passing his pharmacy examination in 1877. He then joined Kolbe, and his assistant, Ernst von Meyer, and started work on the oxidation of dialkyle sulfides. For this research Beckmann received his PhD in July 1878.

After a year of voluntary military service, as a pharmacist, Beckmann began studying toxicology at the TU Braunschweig with Robert Otto, receiving his habilitation in 1882. He returned to Leipzig and wanted to work as a lecturer with Kolbe, but the habilitation at a technical university was not a sufficient qualification for such a position. For a habilitation at a university an abitur from a humanistic gymnasium was necessary, and for this Latin language skills were obligatory. Therefore, Beckmann again began studying, and was able to complete the necessary exams in Latin, Greek language, and history in 1883, and again work at Leipzig. Kolbe died in 1884 and was succeeded by one of his critics, Johannes Wislicenus. This might have threatened Beckmann's academic career, but contrary to expectations the two chemists became colleagues and friends.

Beckmann tried to apply an already-known reaction to discriminate between aldehydes and ketones. The reaction involved the use of hydroxylamine to convert benzophenone into an oxime. Treating this oxime with phosphorus pentachloride converted it into a substance already characterized by Wallach. This reaction is now known as the Beckmann rearrangement.

In 1887 Wilhelm Ostwald moved to Leipzig, and physical chemistry then became a focus of Beckmann's work, as he served as an assistant to Ostwald. Beckmann used the methods of ebullioscopy (boiling-point elevation) and cryoscopy (freezing-point depression) to determine the molecular masses of several substances. These measurements required a careful determination of temperature differences, as opposed to absolute values, and to accomplish them Beckmann invented the differential thermometer that now carries his name (Beckmann thermometer). For this work he altered the methods of François-Marie Raoult, and the improvement was sufficiently great that Beckmann's method, and the associated equipment, became standard in chemical laboratories. However, by the end of the twentieth century these colligative-property techniques had been largely superseded by molecular mass determinations using electronic instrumentation.

It was also during this time of work with Ostwald at Leipzig that Beckmann discovered the sodium and benzophenone react in dry ether to produce a blue solution, now known to be due to ketyl-radical formation. This reactions remains a standard one among chemists seeking to judge the anhydrous state of solvents.

Beckmann left Leipzig to spend a year working at the University of Gießen and then served as a professor at the University of Erlangen, but in 1897 he was back in Leipzig for the third time, as Director of the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry. In 1912 he was asked to head a division of the newly founded Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry. He accepted the offer, moved to Berlin on April 1, 1912, and there he remained until his retirement from the institute in October 1921. Afterwards he was allowed to use a laboratory at the institute, and he worked again on the Beckmann rearrangement and measurements of physical properties of solutions.

Personal life

Beckmann married Bertha Oertel on March 20, 1887, and had one daughter and two sons with her.

During the First World War, Beckmann had conducted research on lupin beans to make them available to feed animals. It was his practice to taste water removed from lupins as a way to determine if toxic bitter portions had been removed by aqueous extractions. It is speculated that this practice might have severely damaged his health, for by his retirement he was quite ill.

Beckmann died in Berlin on July 12, 1923, and was buried at Dahlem.

See also

Mass spectrometry
Beckmann thermometer (from the German Wikipedia)

References

Further reading

External links
 Chemistry Tree: Ernst Otto Beckmann Details
 (Drawings of some of Beckmann's equipment)
Brief Beckmann biography by Colin Russell, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2003

Brief biographical material
German Wikipedia's entry for Beckmann

1853 births
1923 deaths
German physical chemists
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
Max Planck Institute directors


Ferfer is a town in the Ethiopian Somali Regional State, on the border with the Somali Hiran region (Beledweyne District).  The town straddles the disputed 1950's-era Provisional Administrative Line (as depicted on virtually all worldwide maps, atlases, and geographic websites) that separates the Ogaden region of Ethiopia from Somalia, and has a latitude and longitude of  with an elevation of 230 meters above sea level.

During the first three months of 1964, heavy fighting took place between Ethiopia and Somalia at several border points in the Ogaden, one of which was Ferfer. Ferfer was among the locations within Ethiopia that were still under Somali control after Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War of 1977/78.

The Ethiopian army maintains an important base in Ferfer. In June 2008, the border town was briefly seized by the Somali al-Shabaab.

FerFerr

Based on figures from the  Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Ferfer has an estimated total population of 4,411 of whom 2,418 are men and 1,993 are women. The 1997 census reported this town had a total population of 2,956, 1,597 being men and 1,359 women. All of the inhabitants of this town were of the Somali people. It is the largest settlement in the Ferfer woreda.

Notes

Populated places in the Somali Region


The AC 47 was a French anti-tank gun of 47 mm calibre.  It was principally used in the ouvrages and casemates of the Maginot Line in the late 1930s; another version was created for naval use.

The AC 47 was principally used as a defensive weapon, since its portability was intentionally limited to prevent the weapon from being turned on defending troops if a fortification was captured.

Characteristics
 Length of the tube : 2.52 m (8.26 ft)
 Rifling: 16, right-handed
 Penetration at 1000 m : 45 – 60 mm (1.77 - 2.36 in)

See also
47 mm APX anti-tank gun

World War II weapons of France
World War II anti-tank guns
47 mm artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s


Albalate is the name of several towns in Spain:

 Albalate del Arzobispo, in the province of Teruel, Aragón
 Albalate de Cinca, in the province of Huesca, Aragón
 Albalate de las Nogueras, in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
 Albalate de Zorita, in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha


Calle Real is a 1983 album by Andalusian flamenco singer Camarón, with the collaboration of Paco de Lucía and Tomatito.

Track listing

"Romance de la Luna" – 4:05
"Esclavo de Tus Besos" – 4:18
"Yo Vivo Enamorao" – 4:01
"Yo Soy el Viento" – 3:23
"Calle Real" – 3:31
"Ná Es Eterno" – 5:36
"Caminando" – 3:04
"Bulerías de la Perla" – 4:25

Personnel
Camarón - Vocals
Paco de Lucia - Guitar
Tomatito - Guitar
Carles Benavent - Electric Bass
Raimundo Amador - Percussion
Rubem Dantas - Percussion

See also
Calle Real (disambiguation)
Calle Real (band)

1983 albums
Camarón de la Isla albums
Paco de Lucía albums


PIMPBOT was an American ska punk band from Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.  It was formed in 2001.
Blending influences of reggae, dance-rock, hardcore punk, and rocksteady, the band was a local favorite, playing at many Honolulu venues. Pimpbot performed at the world-famous Wave Waikiki at the closing celebration, headlined the grand opening of the stage at Kemo'o Farms, and the popular Sunset on the Beach event at Waikiki Beach.

The band also toured across the State of Hawaii, the U.S. mainland, Asia and Canada, including two appearances at indie music's prestigious South by Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas. In their travels they gained national and international acclaim and have shared the stage with: Train, Orianthi, Third Eye Blind, Candlebox, Reel Big Fish, The Toasters, Less Than Jake, The Ataris, Warsaw, General Public featuring Dave Wakeling, The Aquabats, Save Ferris, Buck-O-Nine, Go Jimmy Go, The Aggrolites, The Skeletones, Skaladdin and the One Man Ska Band - Chris Murray.

Members
The band was composed of:
Fernando "The Love Machine" Pacheco (lead vocals, trombone, tuba)
Tom "Tommy Utah" Coleman (guitar, vocals)
Rylan "Big Sexy" Yee (bass guitar, keyboard)
Eric "The Biz" Lagrimas (drums, recorder, tenor sax)
and Cathy "Kat von Keys" Lagrimas (keyboard, trumpet, vocals)

Past members included:
Joel Tokunaga (guitar)
Shannon Ogura (bass)
Alex Nagata (drums)
Chris LaPan (backing vocals, drums)
Mike Lewis (bass)
Ray Farias (tenor sax)
Nicolas Ramos (trumpet/backing vocals)
Christian Ramos (keyboard)
Jesse Tinker (tenor sax)

Tours

"Stuck In The Middle Tour"- Summer 2012-  dates including Las Vegas, Denver, Durango, Omaha, Des Moines, Chicago, Minneapolis
"East Coast Bender Tour"- February 2011- 4 dates including Washington, DC and New York City.  A planned show in Boston, MA had to be cancelled due to the unexpected closing of a venue.
"Armed Forces Entertainment Asia/ Pacific Tour"- September 10 to 20, 2009- 8 dates including Anderson Air Force Base, Guam; Naval Base Guam; The Fuji Festival at Camp Fuji, Japan; Camp Walker, South Korea; Daegu AFB, South Korea; Yongsan Garrison, South Korea; and two dates at the Camp Kinser Festival, Camp Kinser, Japan.
"Muy Caliente Tour" - March 13 to 25, 2009- 5 Dates including Riverside, Hollywood, Las Vegas, and March 20 and 21 @ the 2009 South by Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas
"Admit One" Canadian Tour- March 2008- including shows in Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, and Vancouver
"Rock from the Rock Tour" - Western US, Fall 2006 - 9 dates: Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, Reno, San Francisco, Portland, Tacoma, Seattle
"Vertical Lobster Tour" - Southern California & Nevada, Fall 2004 - 7 dates including Boulder City's Outdoor Music Festival, The Skelo-Ween Show, and The Aloha Party @ Hoover's Live
"Coconut Monkey Tour" - Southern California, Summer 2003 -5 dates including The Bluebeat Lounge @ the Knitting Factory, The Garage, and the Flippin Fiesta

Honorable mentions
Pimpbot was named as a finalist for several Na Hoku Hanohano Awards, the Hawaii recording industry's regional equivalent of the Grammy Awards. Pimpbot has also been a finalist in the Hawaii Music Awards, an awards program that was open to public voting worldwide, and which is no longer active.

Album: PIMPBOT - 2012 Na Hoku Hanohano Award Nominee for Best Rock Album
Single: "Careless Whisper" - 2006 Hawaii Music Awards Nominee for Best Single
Single: "Thanks For The Eggs" - 2008 Hawaii Music Awards Nominee for Best Single
Album: Admit One - 2009 Hawaii Music Awards Nominee for Best Ska Music Album and 2009 Na Hoku Hanohano Award for Best Rock Album

Discography

"Demo Mucho Supremo" (2003, Self-Released)
"Vertical Lobster" (2004, Self-Released)
"Roots, Rock, Reggae: Hawaiian Islands" Compilation (2005, Hawaiian Express Records)
"Send Ska!: Hawaii's Best of 2004" Compilation (2004, Gardenia Lane)
"Careless Whisper" Single (2006, Self-Released)
"Thanks for the Eggs" Single (2007, Pass Out Records)
"One Life At A Time" Compilation (2007, Pass Out Records)
"Songs On Egg Nog" Christmas Album (2007, Pass Out Records)
"Admit One" (2008, Pass Out Records)
"PIMPBOT" (2011, Pass Out Records)
"The Heavy Crown" (2015, Pass Out Records)

References

External links
 Official Website
 Myspace Page
 Reverbnation Profile

Musical groups from Hawaii
American ska musical groups
2001 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2001


The Joppa Iron Works, also known as Patterson's Iron Works was founded around 1817 by Joseph and Edward Patterson of Baltimore, the brothers of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, the sister-in-law of Napoleon I of France.

Built at the falls-line of the (Dividing line of the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont Plateau) Big Gunpowder River in eastern Baltimore County, Maryland, the plant was started as a slitting and nail-making company. Located about 0.75 mile below current-day Maryland Route 7, it eventually had six puddling furnaces, one heating furnace, and 37 water-powered nail machines.

The Joppa Iron Works closed around 1865 with the death of Edward Patterson. The Loreley Distilling Company eventually purchased the property and distilled whiskey on the site, closing when Prohibition took effect; selling the property to the Frank L. Wight Distilling Co. in 1933. Frank Wight sold the company to Hiram Walker & Sons of Canada in 1941. The site was subsequently shut down in 1948 when production moved to their Peoria, Illinois, facility.

Few remnants of the iron works that remain; a mill race and some stone foundations are still visible. Iron bolts and an old ship's mooring ring are still visible in various boulders. Remnants of slag from the furnaces can still be found in the area. In 1970, the property was acquired by the Department of Forest & Parks Maryland and is now part of the Gunpowder State Park.

External links

References

 McGrain, John W. (1985) "From Pig Iron to Cotton Duck, Volume 1." Towson, MD: Baltimore Co., pages 212-214.

Buildings and structures in Baltimore County, Maryland
Ironworks and steel mills in Maryland
Industrial buildings and structures in Maryland
1810s establishments in Maryland
Companies based in Maryland
Patterson family of Maryland


A Wolter telescope is a telescope for X-rays that only uses grazing incidence optics – mirrors that reflect X-rays at very shallow angles.

Problems with conventional telescope designs
Conventional telescope designs require reflection or refraction in a manner that does not work well for X-rays. Visible light optical systems use either lenses or mirrors aligned for nearly normal incidence – that is, the light waves travel nearly perpendicular to the reflecting or refracting surface. Conventional mirror telescopes work poorly with X-rays, since X-rays that strike mirror surfaces nearly perpendicularly are either transmitted or absorbed – not reflected.

Lenses for visible light are made of transparent materials with an index of refraction substantially different from 1, but all known X-ray-transparent materials have index of refraction essentially the same as 1, so X-ray lenses are not practical.

X-ray mirror telescope design
X-ray mirrors can be built, but only if the angle from the plane of reflection is very low (typically 10 arc-minutes to 2 degrees). These are called glancing (or grazing) incidence mirrors. In 1952, Hans Wolter outlined three ways a telescope could be built using only this kind of mirror. These are called Wolter telescopes of type I, II, and III. Each has different advantages and disadvantages.

Wolter's key innovation was that by using two mirrors it is possible to create a telescope with a usably wide field of view. In contrast, a grazing incidence telescope with just one parabolic mirror could focus X-rays, but only very close to the centre of the field of view. The rest of the image would suffer from extreme coma.

See also
 List of telescope types
 Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) (2012+)
 Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission Contains a Wolter Type-I X-ray telescope (2004+)
 Chandra X-ray Observatory Orbiting observatory using a Wolter X-ray telescope. (1999+)
 XMM-Newton Orbiting X-ray observatory using a Wolter Type-I X-ray telescope. (1999+)
 ROSAT Orbiting X-ray observatory (1990-1999)
 eROSITA Orbiting X-ray observatory using Wolter Type-I X-ray telescope on board Spektr-RG (SRG) (2019+)
 ART-XC Orbiting X-ray observatory using Wolter Type-I X-ray telescope on board Spektr-RG (SRG)(2019+)
 ATHENA (2031+)
 Neutron microscope
 Hans Wolter

References

X-ray instrumentation
X-ray telescopes


Margaret Jane Radin (born 1941) is the Henry King Ransom Professor of Law, emerita, at the University of Michigan Law School by vocation, and a flutist by avocation. Radin has held law faculty positions at University of Toronto, University of Michigan, Stanford University, University of Southern California, and University of Oregon, and has been a faculty visitor at Harvard University, Princeton University, University of California at Berkeley, and New York University.  Radin's best known scholarly work explores the basis and limits of property rights and contractual obligation. She has also contributed significantly to feminist legal theory, legal and political philosophy, and the evolution of law in the digital world.  At the same time, she has continued to perform and study music.

In addition to her books, Radin is the author of many frequently-cited articles and book chapters, two of which are on a list of 100 most cited legal articles of all time, and many of which have been reprinted in textbooks and anthologies. She founded and was the inaugural director of Stanford's Program in Law, Science & Technology, and was the inaugural Microsoft Fellow at Princeton's Program in Law, Science and Public Affairs. Among other honors, she has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Education
Radin received her AB in music from Stanford University in 1963 (with Great Distinction), her MFA in Music History from Brandeis University in 1965, and was advanced to candidacy for a PhD in musicology at University of California Berkeley in 1968 before changing her career path to law. She received her J.D. from the University of Southern California Law School in 1976 (Order of the Coif).

Professional honors and awards
 Senior Distinguished Fellow, Searle Center on Law, Regulation and Economic Growth (2015)
 Scribes Book Award, honoring Boilerplate (2014)
 Member, American Law Institute (since 2011), Advisor to Restatement 3d of Consumer Contracts
 Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 2008)
 Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Prize  (2007)
 Fellow at Davos World Economic Forum (1998)
 LLD (honorary) from Chicago-Kent Law School (1993)

Career
Radin is Distinguished Research Scholar at the Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, where she serves on the Advisory Group for the Centre for Innovation Law and Policy.  She is Henry King Ransom Professor of Law, emerita, University of Michigan Law School (retired 2015) and William Benjamin Scott and Luna M. Scott Professor of Law, Stanford University (retired in 2006).  Before moving to Stanford in 1989, she held a tenured chair professorship at the University of Southern California Law Center. Radin has also taught at Harvard University, University of California at Berkeley, New York University, and Princeton University, where she was the inaugural Microsoft Fellow in Law and Public Affairs. Radin is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Member of the American Law Institute.

As a professor, Radin pioneered courses in Legal Issues in Cyberspace, Electronic Commerce, and Intellectual Property in Cyberspace. She also created a course in International Intellectual Property, and a Student Scholarship Seminar in which law students develop publisher papers. In 2002, she founded Stanford's Center for E-Commerce. She also directed Stanford's innovative LL.M. program in Law, Science, and Technology. Radin is a member (currently inactive) of the State Bar of California.

Radin is coauthor of a casebook, Internet Commerce: The Emerging Legal Framework (with Rothchild, Reese, and Silverman) (2d ed 200x, with supplementary updates). Her most recent book is Boilerplate: The Fine Print, Vanishing Rights, and the Rule of Law (Princeton University Press 2013), which explores the problems posed for the legal system by the standardization necessary for the modern market, and how those problems might be reduced. Radin also has published two books exploring the problems of propertization: Contested Commodities (Harvard University Press 1996) and Reinterpreting Property (University of Chicago Press 1993).  The latter is a collection of her well-known essays on property, including "Property and Personhood," first published in 1982, and a staple in casebooks for students of property.

Work on US contract law
Radin is well known for developing the concept of market-inalienability, a term she coined to refer to what kinds of things should not be traded in markets. For example, human organs aren't available for sale on the open market because of the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984. Her book, Contested Commodities, explores what kinds of market trades and resulting commodification should be disallowed or curtailed. Radin is also known for re-examining the basis of freedom of choice that is basic to freedom of contract and how it is (or is not) reflected in contemporary law.

Radin's book, Boilerplate, focuses on what types of alleged agreements between a firm and consumers should not be enforceable contracts, or at least not presumed enforceable without further investigation, and suggests other ways that standardization could be treated. Radin travels frequently to lecture and participate in workshops and seminars on these topics.

Personal life
Radin is a grandniece of Max Radin, a leader of the legal realist movement in the first half of the 20th century, but she never met him. She is married to violinist Phillip Coonce and the mother of Wayland Radin, J.D., who calls himself an "outdoorsy" lawyer, and Amadea Britton, M.D., a public health scientist interested in infectious diseases. Radin splits her time between homes in Toronto and Albuquerque, New Mexico.  She practises her flute daily, and plays in small and large ensembles as often as possible.

Publications

Books
 Boilerplate: The Fine Print, Vanishing Rights, and the Rule of Law. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2013.
 Co-editor. Securing Privacy in the Internet Age. A. Chander and L. Gelman, co-editors. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 2008.
 Co-author. Internet Commerce: The Emerging Legal Framework [Cases & Materials]. 2nd ed. J. A. Rothchild et al., co-authors. University Casebook Series. New York: Foundation Press, 2006.
 Co-editor. Intellectual Property and the Internet [Cases and Materials]. J. A. Rothchild and G. M. Silverman, co-editors. University Casebook Series. New York: Foundation Press, 2004.
 Co-author. Internet Commerce: The Emerging Legal Framework [Cases & Materials]. J. A. Rothchild and G. M. Silverman, co-authors. University Casebook Series. New York: Foundation Press, 2002. (Also co-authored 2004 supplement.) [NOTE new co-author for Internet Commerce added for 2d edition:  R. Anthony Reese. Silverman's name is still on the book but he is not longer taking part in it.]
 Contested Commodities. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1996.
 Reinterpreting Property. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Book chapters
 "An Analytical Framework for Legal Evaluation of Boilerplate." In Philosophical Foundations of Contract Law, edited by G. Lestas, P. Saprai, and G. Klass. Oxford University Press, 2014.
 "Boilerplate: A Threat to the Rule of Law?" In Private Law and the Rule of Law, edited by L. M. Austin and D. Klimchuk. Oxford University Press, 2014.
 "Boilerplate Today: The Rise of Modularity and the Waning of Consent." In Boilerplate: The Foundation of Market Contracts, edited by O. Ben-Shahar, 189–99. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. (Adapted from an essay originally published under the same title in Mich. L. Rev. 104, no. 5 (2006): 1223–34.)
 "Reconsidering the Rule of Law." In The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers, edited by R. Bellamy. International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory, Second Series. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005.
 "Contested Commodities." In Rethinking Commodification: Cases and Readings in Law and Culture, edited by M. M. Ertman and J. C. Williams, 81–95. New York: New York Univ. Press, 2005.
 "Market-Inalienability." In Families by Law: An Adoption Reader, edited by N. R. Cahn and J. H. Hollinger, 319–23. New York: New York Univ. Press, 2004.
 "Information Tangibility." In Economics, Law and Intellectual Property: Seeking Strategies for Research and Teaching in a Developing Field, edited by O. Granstrand, 395–418. Boston: Kluwer, 2003.
 "Incomplete Commodification in the Computerized World." In The Commodification of Information, edited by N. Elkin-Korin and N. W. Netanel, 3-22. Information Law Series, 11. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2002.
 "Can the Rule of Law Survive Bush v. Gore." In Bush v. Gore: The Question of Legitimacy, edited by B. Ackerman, 110–25. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 2002.
 Co-author. "Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital: The Role of Nonproprietary Technologies." E. Sawyer, co-author. In Capital for Our Time: The Economic, Legal, and Management Challenges of Intellectual Capital, edited by N. Imparato, 70–84. Stanford, Calf.: Hoover Institution Press, 1999.
 "Government Interests and Takings: Cultural Commitments of Property and the Role of Political Theory." In Public Values in Constitutional Law, edited by S. E. Gottlieb, 69–96. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1993
 "The Constitution and the Liberal Conception of Property." In Judging the Constitution: Critical Essays on Judicial Lawmaking, edited by W. M. McCann and G. L. Houseman, 205–27. Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Series in Political Science. Scott, Foresman & Co.: Boston, 1989.

Journal articles
 "Less Than I Wanted To Know: The Submerged Issues in More Than I Wanted To Know" Jer. Rev. Legal Stud. (2014): 1–12. (First published online: November 7, 2014).
 "Of Priors and Disconnects." Harv. L. Rev. F. 127, no. 7 (2014): 259–72.
 "Response: Boilerplate in Theory and Practice." Can. Bus. L. J. 54, no. 2 (2013): 292–306.
 "Rhetorical Capture." Ariz. L. Rev. 54, no. 2 (2012): 457–68. (Symposium: Political Discourse, Civility, and Harm.)
 "Reconsidering Boilerplate: Confronting Normative and Democratic Degradation." Cap. U. L. Rev. 40, no. 3 (2012): 617–56.
 "In Tribute: Frank I. Michelman." Harv. L. Rev. 125, no. 4 (2012): 896–900.
 "Property Longa, Vita Brevis." Wis. L. Rev. 2011, no. 2 (2011): 111–21. (Originally presented as a speech at the Wisconsin Law Review Symposium on Intellectual Property and Intergenerational Equity, November 2010)
 "Form Contracts and the Problem of Consumer Information." J. Inst. & Theoretical Econ. 167, no. 1 (2011): 49–55.
 "The Rule of Law in the Information Age: Reconciling Private Rights and Public Values." J. L. Phil. & Culture 4, no. 1 (2009): 83–105.
 "Copyright Defection." Indus. & Corp. Change 15, no. 6 (2006): 981–93.
 "Boilerplate Today: The Rise of Modularity and the Waning of Consent." Mich. L. Rev. 104, no. 5 (2006): 1223–34.
 "A Comment on Information Propertization and its Legal Milieu." Clev. St. L. Rev. 54, no. 1 (2006): 23–39.
 "Property and Precision." Tulsa L. Rev. 39, no. 3 (2004): 639–48. [Essay in honor of work by Frank Michelman]
 "Regulation by Contract, Regulation by Machine." J. Inst. & Theoretical Econ. 160, no. 1 (2004): 142–56.
 "Regime Change in Intellectual Property - Superseding the Law of the State with the "Law" of the Firm." U. Ottawa L. & Tech. J. 2003-2004, no. 1 (2004): 173-88.
 "Online Standardization and the Integration of Text and Machine." Fordham L. Rev. 70, no. 4 (2002): 1125–46.
 "Humans, Computers, and Binding Commitment." Indiana L. J. 75, no. 4 (2000): 1125–62.
 Co-author. "Altered States: Electronic Commerce and Owning the Means of Value Exchange." T. P. Brown and R. D. Fram, co-authors. Stan. Tech. L. Rev. (1999): 2-60.
 Co-author. "The Myth of Private Ordering: Rediscovering Legal Realism in Cyberspace." R. P. Wagner, co-author. Chi. --Kent L. Rev. 73, no. 4 (1998): 1295–317.
 "The Pragmatist and the Feminist." S. Cal. L. Rev. 63, no. 6 (1996): 1699–726.
 "Property Evolving in Cyberspace (Conference of the Second Century of the University of Pittsburgh School of Law: Regulation of Computing and Information Technology)." J. L. & Com. 15, no. 2 (1996): 509–26.
 "Positive Theory as Conceptual Critique - A Piece of a Pragmatic Agenda? (Symposium on Positive Political Theory and Law)." S. Cal. L. Rev. 68, no. 6 (1995): 1595–603.
 "A Deweyan Perspective on the Economic Theory of Democracy." Const. Comment. 11, no. 3 (1995): 539–56.
 "Lacking a Transformative Social Theory: A Response." Stan. L. Rev. 45, no. 2 (1993): 409–24.
 "Compensation and Commensurability." Duke L. J. 43, no. 1 (1993): 56–86.
 "On the Domain of Market Rhetoric (Annual Institute for Humane Studies Law and Philosophy Issue--Symposium on Risks and Wrongs, University of San Diego, School of Law - 1992)." Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y. 15, no. 3 (1992): 711–31.
 "Evaluating Government Reasons for Changing Property Regimes." Alb. L. Rev. 55, no. 3 (1992): 597–603. These remarks were based on a paper prepared for the Conference on Compelling Government Interests at Albany Law School, September 26–28, 1991. The full paper appears as "Government Interests and Takings: Cultural Commitments of Property and the Role of Political Theory" in Public Values in Constitutional Law (1993) edited by S.E. Gottlieb, 69–96.
 "Reflections on Objectification (Symposium on Biomedical Technology and Healthcare: Social and Conceptual Transformations)." S. Cal. L. Rev. 65, no. 1 (1991): 341-54
 "Presumptive Positivism and Trivial Cases (Symposium on Law and Philosophy)." Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y.14, no. 3 (1991): 823–37.
 Co-author. "Pragmatist and Poststructuralist Critical Legal Practice (Commentary)." F. Michelman, co-author. U. Pa. L. Rev. 139, no. 4 (1991): 1019–58.
 "'After the Final No There Comes a Yes': A Law Teacher's Report." Yale J. L. & Human. 2, no. 2 (1990): 253–66.
 "Reconsidering the Rule of Law." B. U. L. Rev. 69, no. 4 (1989): 781–819.
 "The Liberal Conception of Property: Cross Currents in the Jurisprudence of Takings." Colum. L. Rev. 88, no. 8 (1988): 1667–96. (Adapted from an essay entitled "The Constitution and the Liberal Conception of Property" which appears in Judging the Constitution: Critical Essays on Judicial Lawmaking (1989), edited by M.W. McCann and G.L. Houseman.
 "Market-Inalienability." Harv. L. Rev. 100, no. 8 (1987): 1849–937.
 "Time, Possession, and Alienation (Symposium: Time, Property Rights, and the Common Law)." Wash. U.L.Q. 64, no. 3 (1986): 739–58.
 "The Consequences of Conceptualism (Symposium on Richard Epstein's Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain)." U. Miami L. Rev. 41, no. 1 (1986): 239–44.
 "Proportionality, Subjectivity, and Tragedy (Death Penalty Symposium: II. Issues in the Administration of the Death Penalty)." U. C. Davis L. Rev. 18, no. 4 (1985): 1165–75.
 "Property and Personhood." Stan. L. Rev. 34, no. 5 (1982): 957–1015.
 "Cruel Punishment and Respect for Persons: Super Due Process for Death." S. Cal. L. Rev. 53, no. 4 (1980): 1143-85
 "The Jurisprudence of Death: Evolving Standards for the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause." U. Pa. L. Rev. 126, no. 5 (1978): 989–1064.

Reviews
  Review of The 3-1/2 Minute Transaction: Boilerplate and the Limits of Contract Design, by R. E. Scott and M. Gulati. L. & Pol. Bk. Rev. 23, no. 6 (2013): 302–4.
 Book Review (J. Boyle, SHAMANS, SOFTWARE AND SPLEENS), The Washington Post, Book World (June 30, 1996)
 Review of Death Penalties: The Supreme Court's Obstacle Course, by R. Berger. J. Crim. L. & Criminology 74, no. 3 (1983): 1115–22.

Other publications
 "The Subject of and Object of Commodification." M. Sunder, co-author. Introduction to Rethinking Commodification: Cases and Readings in Law and Culture, by M. M. Ertman and J. C. Williams, co-editors, 8-29. New York: New York Univ. Press, 2005.

Works in progress and working papers
 What Boilerplate Said: A Response to Omri Ben-Shahar (and a Diagnosis). Univ. of Michigan Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series, No. 392; Univ. of Michigan Law School, Law & Economics Research Paper Series, No. 14-007. Working Paper, 2014.

See also
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference

Reference list

Living people
American legal scholars
Stanford University alumni
Brandeis University alumni
Stanford Law School faculty
USC Gould School of Law alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Harvard Law School faculty
University of Michigan Law School faculty
1941 births
American women legal scholars


Argenis Casimiro Núñez (born December 30, 1981) is a Dominican amateur boxer best known for winning two medals at the Pan Am Games.

Career
In 2003 at the Pan Am Games he beat Washington Silva but lost to Cuban southpaw Yoan Pablo Hernández in the light-heavyweight category and won bronze.

In 2005 at the PanAm Championships (not the Pan Am Games) he lost to Yusiel Napoles.

He managed to lose weight and drop down to middleweight afterwards.
At the Central American Games in 2006 he lost in the first round to eventual winner Yordanis Despaigne.
At the Pan Am Games 2007 he won silver at middleweight, losing to Emilio Correa.

At the World Championships 2007 he KOD Elshod Rasulov and beat two other fighters but did not win a medal because he lost to Ukrainian Sergiy Derevyanchenko. However, he qualified for the 2008 Olympics, where he lost to Alfonso Blanco.

External links
PanAm 2003 results
PanAm 2007 results
World Championships 2007
sports-reference

Living people
1981 births
Middleweight boxers
Boxers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic male boxers
Pan American Games silver medalists for the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games


Calle Real is a Timba band from Sweden founded in 1999. Calle Real currently has twelve members who play modern timba music with various influences. The music is well arranged and suited for the club scene. There is a definite, heavy and unique groove with a sound that differs from many other bands. The music of this band contains some elements of various musical genres.

The band was founded towards the end of 1999 by Patricio Sobrado, initially as a trio, playing traditional Cuban music in the style of the Buena Vista Social Club. Since then, new musicians have joined the band while others have moved on. The group has changed its style to timba.

Today, Calle Real consists of the following members:

Thomas Sebastian Eby - lead vocals
Patricio Sobrado - tres, backing vocals & band leader
Karl Frid - giro, backing vocal & trombone
Gunnar Thullberg - keyboard & guitar
Andreas Unge - bass
Rickard Valdés - congas & timbales
Harry Wallin - drums & timbales
Michel Zitron - backing vocals
Kristian Persson - trombone
Peter Fredriksson - trombone
Jacek Onuskiewicz - trumpet
Nils Janson - trumpet

Several of them have spent long periods in Cuba and have studied music, although no one in the band is actually Cuban except Rickard Valdés, who is the son of the legendary pianist Bebo Valdés and who is half Cuban. The band members are ethnically diverse - Patricio Sobrado of Chilean origin, while trumpet player Jacek Onuskiewicz and the trombone player Cezary Tomaszewski are from Poland. Nevertheless, all of them grew up in Sweden.

In 2003, the band received an invitation to play at a festival in Cuba by Benny Moré. It is a festival that assembles the best traditional music and timba bands in Cuba and which also invites some international acts. The entire performance was filmed, which resulted in a music documentary Spelplats Cuba (A Gig in Cuba), later shown at the Gothenburg Film Festival in 2005 and bought by Swedish Television.

Over the years, Calle Real has also played at Swedish festivals like Folkmusikfestivalen in Umeå, Urkul, Linköping Jazz & Blues as well as the Stockholm Jazz Festival and Göteborgskalaset. They have also performed at several other places around Sweden.

Timba is an afro-Cuban music style which developed from traditional Cuban music and great many inspirations from world music, and often contains a hard beat and a heavy bass. It was initially created during the late 1980s by leading Cuban bands, foremost NG La Banda. It was further developed by groups like Charanga Habanera, Isaac Delgado, Paulito FG and Los Van Van.

The fact that Calle Real was able to adopt this style is somewhat remarkable despite growing interest in Spanish and Latin-American culture. Most impressive of all is the fact that a group of young Swedish musicians have successfully mastered this complex style of Cuban.
Calle Real is able to successfully mix many different musical influences without losing the Cuban style.

For the most part, the members of Calle Real compose and write the music themselves. Though their sound is influenced by other bands, it is nevertheless distinct in style and fresh. When the band  was in Cuba, it received extremely positive reaction, with Cubans believing the music to be new and exciting.

In 2004 the band received a recording offer from Swedish hip-hop label Redline Records. The band recorded five songs, which eventually led to the group's debut album "Calle Real con Fuerza". The album was released in Sweden on 1 March 2006.

Track listing

Dime Que (2015)
Intro (Real es siempre lo que soy)	1:11
 	 Somos El Team	5:46
 	Donymood 1:00
 Te Lo Dí 5:56
 	 Bienvenido 5:29
 	 Créeme 4:55
 	 Película en Color 5:21
 	 Hoah! 7:24
 	 Oye! 6:10
 	 ¿¡Dime Qué?! 6:13
 	 Entre La Espada y La Pared 5:25

Members
Thomas Eby - Lead vocals, backing vocals, congas, bongos
Patricio Sobrado - Tres, backing vocals, band leader
Gunnar Thullberg - piano, keyboards, guitar
Petter Linde - trumpet
Karl Frid - trombone, güiro, backing vocals
Nils Janson - trumpet
Cezary Tomaszewski - trombone
Andreas Unge - Electric Bass and Baby Bass
Rickard Valdés - Timbales, congas, claves, campana
Harry Wallin - Timbales, drums

External links
The official Calle Real page
Calle Real's MySpace corner where you can listen to Calle Real music and more...
for reviews and interviews with Calle Real

See also
Calle Real (album)
Calle Real (disambiguation)

Cuban musical groups


The AC 37 was a French anti-tank gun of 37mm caliber, developed by the Ateliers de Puteaux.  It was principally used in the ouvrages and casemates of the Maginot Line in the late 1930s.  It was frequently paired with a Jumelage de Mitrailleuses (JM) cupola with twin machine guns.

The AC 37 was superseded by the AC 47 anti-tank gun.

Characteristics
 Length of tube : 1.97 m (6.46 ft)
 Rifling: 16, right-handed
 Penetration at 1000m : 30 to 40 mm

References

World War II weapons of France
World War II anti-tank guns
37 mm artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s


Filippo Camassei (14 September 1848 – 18 January 1921) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1906 to 1919. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1919.

Biography
Filippo Camassei was born in Rome, and studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, from where he obtained his doctorates in theology and in canon and civil law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 12 April 1872, and then did pastoral work in Rome. In 1876, Camassei became private secretary to Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta, the Vicar-General of Rome. He was later made Rector of the Pontifical Pius Seminary in 1874, and of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum De Propaganda Fide on 10 December 1889. In June 1895, he traveled to Maynooth in County Kildare, Ireland to represent Pope Leo XIII at the centennial celebrations of St Patrick's Pontifical University.

He was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 13 April 1897. On 18 March 1904, Camassei was appointed Archbishop of Naxos by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 10 April from Cardinal Girolamo Maria Gotti, with Archbishops Pietro Gasparri and Edmund Stonor serving as co-consecrators, in the chapel of the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum De Propaganda Fide. Camassei was promoted to Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem on 6 December 1906. In making his solemn entry into Jerusalem on 19 March 1907, he declined to wear the ornately decorated ceremonial clothes. During World War I, he was exiled to Nazareth by the Turks on 19 November 1917.

In Nazareth, he was hosted by the Franciscan friars and continued to supervise the parishes in northern Palestine. Camassei appointed Monsignor François Vilinger as his vicar in order to supervise the rest of the parishes in Palestine and Jordan. The Patriarch returned to Jerusalem after the Anglo-French victory on 3 November 1918. Shortly afterwards, in May 1919, he went to Rome for a period of rest and to visit the Vatican. Pope Benedict XV there created him cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Aracoeli in the consistory of 15 December.

Camassei died in Rome, one year later at age 73. He is buried in the sepulchre of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith in the Campo Verano cemetery.

References

External links
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-Hierarchy

1848 births
1921 deaths
20th-century Italian cardinals
Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Greece
Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Rectors of the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide


Timothy Masters may refer to:

 Timothy Lee Masters, convicted and then exonerated in the Peggy Hettrick murder case
 Timothy Masters (rower) (born 1992), Australian rower


Kurt Wiese (April 22, 1887 – May 27, 1974) was a German-born book illustrator, who wrote and illustrated 20 children's books and illustrated another 300 for other authors.

Background
Kurt Wiese was born on April 22, 1887, in Minden, Germany. He aspired to be an artist but was discouraged by his community.  He had at least one sibling, Ella Wiese, later Ella Barnberg.

Career

Wiese was sent to Hamburg to "learn about the export trade to China." From 1909 to 1915, Wiese lived, worked, and traveled in China. selling merchandise as a young man. At the outbreak of World War I, he was captured by the Japanese, and turned over to the British. He spent five years as a prisoner, most of them in Australia, where his fascination with the animal life inspired him to start sketching again. After his release at the end of the war, Wiese returned briefly to Germany and then moved to Brazil, where he began illustrating.

In 1927, Wiese moved to the United States. His first critical success was with the illustrations for Felix Salten's Bambi in 1928. From his farm in Kingwood Township, New Jersey, he worked with German master printmaker Theodore Cuno of Germantown, Pennsylvania, to create some of his lithographs.

Personal life and death
In 1930, Wiese married Gertrude Hausen, a realtor, with whom he lived on a farm in Kingwood Township, New Jersey (or Frenchtown).

Kurt Wiese died age 87 on May 27, 1974, in Idell, Kingwood Township near Flemington, New Jersey.

Awards
 Newbery Medal in 1933 for Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze(illustrator)
 Newbery Honor in 1936 for Honk, the Moose (illustrator)
 Caldecott Honor in 1946 for You Can Write Chinese (author, illustrator)
 Caldecott Honor in 1948 for Fish in the Air (author, illustrator)
 Newbery Honor in 1948 for Li Lun, Lad of Courage (illustrator)
 Newbery Honor in 1949 for Daughter of the Mountains (illustrator)

Selected works

Freddy the Pig

Freddy the Pig was featured in 26 books written by Walter R. Brooks, illustrated by Wiese, and published by Alfred A. Knopf from 1927 to 1958. The first, titled To and Again – in reference to a constituent journey to and back again from Florida - was illustrated by Adolfo Best Maugard. The sequel, More To and Again - with a trip to the North Pole and back - was illustrated by Wiese. These first two books were later reprinted and retitled as Freddy Goes to Florida and Freddy Goes to the North Pole, with the former incorporating new illustrations by Wiese. They were followed by Freddy the Detective (1932), three more various titles, 19 novels with "Freddy" titles (1940–1958) and The Collected Poems of Freddy the Pig (1953). For some time all 25 novels have been issued with "Freddy" titles.

Others Brazil
 Jéca Tatuzinho by Monteiro Lobato (1924)

Others USA
The following books have New York City publishers, except as noted:
 Bambi, A Life in the Woods, translated by Whittaker Chambers from the 1923 German by Felix Salten (Simon & Schuster, 1929),
 Poodle-oodle of Doodle Farm, Lawton and Ruth Mackall, (Frederick A. Stokes, 1929)
 The Hound of Florence, translated by Huntley Paterson from the 1923 German by Felix Salten (Simon & Schuster, 1930)
 Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze, Elizabeth Foreman Lewis (Philadelphia, Chicago: John C. Winston Co., 1932)
 Silver Chief, Dog of the North, Jack O'Brien (Winston, 1933)
 The Story about Ping, Marjorie Flack (Viking Press, 1933)
 Farm Boy: A Hunt for Indian Treasure, Phil Stong (Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1934)
 Ho-Ming – Girl of New China, Elizabeth Lewis (Winston, 1934)
 Honk, the Moose, Phil Stong (Dodd, Mead and Co., 1935)
 Valiant, Dog Of The Timberline, Jack O'Brien (Grosset & Dunlap, 1935)
 The Untold Story of Exploration, Lowell Thomas (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1935)
 All the Mowgli Stories, Rudyard Kipling (Kipling Collection, Library of Congress; Doubleday, Doran, 1936)
 Sheep, Archer B. Gilfillan (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1936)
 Buddy the Bear ([Coward-McCann, Inc.] 1936)
 The Five Chinese Brothers, Claire Huchet Bishop (Coward-McCann, 1938)
 Yen-Foh A Chinese Boy, adapted from the Chinese by Ethel J. Eldridge  (Chicago: Albert Whitman & Co., 1939)
 Saranga The Pygmy by Attilio Gatti, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1939
 Pecos Bill and Lightning, Leigh Peck (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1940)
 With Love and Irony, Lin Yutang (John Day Company, 1940)
 The Ferryman, Claire Huchet Bishop (Coward-McCann, 1941)
 The Adventures of Monkey, adapted from the 1942 abridged translation by Arthur Waley from the Chinese of Wu Ch'eng-En (John Day, 1944)
 You Can Write Chinese, picture book created by Wiese (Viking, 1945) – a Caldecott Honor Book
 Censored, the Goat, Phil Stong (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1945)
 Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, Jules Verne (Cleveland and New York: World Pub. Co., 1946)
 Li Lun, Lad of Courage, Carolyn Treffinger (Abingdon Press, 1947)
 Hoppity, Miriam E. Mason. (Macmillan, 1947)
 Daughter of the Mountains, Louise Rankin (Viking, 1948)
 Fish in the Air, picture book created by Wiese (Viking, 1948) – a Caldecott Honor Book
 The Fables of Aesop, Joseph Jacobs [1889] (Macmillan US, 1950)
 Happy Easter, picture book created by Wiese (Viking, 1952)
 All about Volcanoes and Earthquakes, Frederick H. Pough (Random House, 1953)
 Lions in the Barn, Virginia Frances Voight (Holiday House, 1955)
 Pika and the Roses, Elizabeth Coatsworth (Pantheon Books, 1959)
 Twenty-two Bears, Claire Huchet Bishop (Viking, 1964)
 The Truffle Pig, Claire Huchet Bishop (Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1971)

See also
 Pictured Geography – picture books created by Marguerite Henry and Wiese (two sets of 8 published 1941 and 1946)

References

External links
 Archives West - Kurt Wiese Papers, circa 1911-1974
 University of Oregon - Guide to the Kurt Wiese papers (1911-1974)
 University of Minnesota - Kurt Wiesa Papers (1931-1965)
 Kurt Wiese Papers (1966-1971)
 AskArt.com
 Bucks County Artists Database
 Bookology

1887 births
1974 deaths
German illustrators
Emigrants from the German Empire
Expatriates in China
Immigrants to the United States
People from Kingwood Township, New Jersey
People from Minden
American illustrators
Artists from New Jersey
American children's writers
Writers from New Jersey


The LG cloche was a defensive element common to many Maginot Line ouvrages.  The fixed cupola was deeply embedded into the concrete on top of a combat block, with only the top surface visible.  The opening permitted the ejection of grenades from the interior of the cloche, providing a means of close defense against enemy troops on top of the bunker. 75 units were installed in the Maginot Line.

LG refers to Lance-Grenade (grenade launcher). Unlike other cloches such as the GFM or the JM, the LG cloche was effectively "blind", possessing a single shuttered orifice  in diameter in its flat crown. It had no observation ports at all, as it did not project appreciably above the surrounding surface. The LG cloche came in three models: a small version,  high, a large  version, and a cloche for two persons,  tall.  All were  in diameter. LG cloches were usually found in the vicinity of an entrance block.

The LG cloche was armed with a grenade launcher that could fire at an angle from 45 degrees to vertical in all directions. The original 60mm mortar/launcher was not satisfactory.  A 50mm mortar, the same used in the GFM cloche, was used as a replacement, but was not much more successful.

See also
VDP cloche, observation cloche

References

Bibliography
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.

World War II weapons of France
LG


Bo Eason (born March 10, 1961) is an American actor, playwright, author, motivational speaker, and retired football player who played safety for four seasons for the Houston Oilers.

Early life
Eason was born and raised in Walnut Grove, California. His brother, Tony Eason, also played in the NFL. After graduating from Delta High School in Clarksburg, California, he played football for the Aggies at the University of California, Davis.

Career
Eason was drafted by the Houston Oilers in the second round of the 1984 NFL Draft. In 1986, Eason's season ended with a broken ankle in contest against the Miami Dolphins. He signed with the San Francisco 49ers in the 1988 offseason, but suffered a knee injury in training camp, ending his season and career.

In 2009, Eason partnered with Willoughby Productions to develop and create The Bo Eason Show, a daily talk show for daytime television. A presentation tape and a "mini-pilot" were produced and shopped to various networks and syndicators.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links
Former NFL safety Bo Eason enjoys second career as actor, playwright

1961 births
American football cornerbacks
Houston Oilers players
Living people
UC Davis Aggies football players
People from Walnut Grove, California


A fogger is any device that creates a fog, typically containing an insecticide for killing insects and other arthropods. Foggers are often used by consumers as a low cost alternative to professional pest control services. The number of foggers needed for pest control depends on the size of the space to be treated, as stated for safety reasons on the instructions supplied with the devices. The fog may contain flammable gases, leading to a danger of explosion if a fogger is used in a building with a pilot light or other naked flame.

Fogger composition
Total release foggers (TRFs) (also called "bug bombs") are used to kill cockroaches, fleas, and flying insects by filling an area with insecticide. Most foggers contain pyrethroid, pyrethrin, or both as active ingredients. Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that are chemically similar to natural pyrethrins and have low potential for systemic toxicity in mammals. Pyrethrins are insecticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers (pyrethrum). Piperonyl butoxide and n-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide often are added to pyrethrin products to inhibit insects' microsomal enzymes that detoxify pyrethrins. To distribute their insecticide, foggers also contain aerosol propellants.

Hazards to humans
During 2001-2006, a total of 466 fogger-related illnesses or injuries were identified in the United States by the SENSOR-Pesticides program. These illnesses or injuries often resulted from inability or failure to vacate before the fogger discharged, reentry into the treated space too soon after the fogger was discharged, excessive use of foggers for the space being treated, and failure to notify others nearby.

Exposure symptoms

Pyrethrins have little systemic toxicity in mammals, but they have been reported to induce contact dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Signs and symptoms of pyrethroid toxicity include abnormal skin sensation (e.g., burning, itching, tingling, and numbness), dizziness, salivation, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, seizure, irritability to sound and touch, and other central nervous system effects.

See also
Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger, a device used in agriculture
Pyrethrin Toxicity

References

External links
Bug Bomb Case Profile — National Pesticide Information Center
Pesticide Illness & Injury Surveillance — National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Pesticides


The following article presents a summary of the 1924 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 23rd season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Stage

Corinthians declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Other competition champions

Brazil national team
The Brazil national football team did not play any matches in 1924.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1923-1932 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil