Courtlandt Dixon Barnes Bryan (April 22, 1936 – December 15, 2009), better known as C. D. B. Bryan, was an American author and journalist.

Biography
He was born on April 22, 1936, in Manhattan, New York City. His parents were Joseph Bryan III and Katharine Barnes Bryan; after they divorced his mother married author John O'Hara.

Bryan attended Berkshire School in the class of 1954 and earned a Bachelor of Arts at Yale University in 1958, where he wrote for campus humor magazine The Yale Record.  He was also a member of the fraternity St. Anthony Hall.

He served in the U.S. Army in South Korea (1958–1960), but not happily.  He was mobilized again (1961–1962) for the Berlin Crisis of 1961. He was an intelligence officer.

Bryan sold his first short story to The New Yorker in 1961.

He was editor of the satirical Monocle (from 1961 until 1965), Colorado State University writer-in-residence (winter 1967), visiting lecturer University of Iowa writers workshop (1967–1969), special editorial consultant at Yale (1970), visiting professor University of Wyoming (1975), adjunct professor Columbia University (1976), fiction director at the New York City Writers Community from (1977), lecturer in English University of Virginia (spring 1983), and Bard Center fellow Bard College (spring 1984).

His first novel, P. S. Wilkinson, won the Harper Prize in 1965.

Bryan is best known for his non-fiction book Friendly Fire (1976).  It began as an idea he sold to William Shawn for an article in The New Yorker, then grew into a series of articles, and then a book.  It describes an Iowa farm family, Gene and Peg Mullen, and their reaction and change of heart after their son's accidental death by friendly fire in the Vietnam War. One of the real-life characters featured in the book was future Operation Desert Storm commander H. Norman Schwarzkopf.

It was made into an Emmy-winning 1979 television movie of the same name, for which he shared a Peabody Award.  It's also been cited in professional military studies.

Bryan died from cancer on December 15, 2009, at his home in Guilford, Connecticut.

Works
Bryan contributed articles to many periodicals, including The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Times Book Review, The New Yorker, The New Republic, Esquire, Harper's, Saturday Review, and The Weekly Standard. He additionally author the narration for the 1963 Swedish film The Face of War.

Books (non-fiction)
 Friendly Fire. New York City: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1976.
Adapted by Fay Kanin into the 1979 television movie of the same name. A Book-of-the-Month Club selected alternate.
 The National Air and Space Museum. New York City: Abrams Books, 1979.
A Book-of-the-Month Club selected alternate. Second edition included photographs by Jonathan Wallen, 1988.
 The National Geographic Society: 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery. New York City: Abrams Books, 1987.
 Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: Alien Abduction, UFOs and the Conference at M.I.T.. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. .

Books (novels)
 P. S. Wilkinson. New York City: Harper & Row, 1965.
"Portions of this novel appeared originally in The New Yorker."
 The Great Dethriffe. New York City: Dutton, 1970.
 Beautiful Women; Ugly Scenes. New York City: Doubleday, 1983. .
A Literary Guild alternate.

Book contributions
 "Introduction." In the Eye of Desert Storm: Photographers of the Gulf War. New York City: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. / Professional Photography Division of Eastman Kodak Company, 1991.  / .

Book reviews
 "By War Possessed." Review of Winners and Losers by Gloria Emerson. Saturday Review, February 5, 1977, pp. 22-23.
 "Combat Junky." Review of A Rumor of War by Philip Caputo. Saturday Review, June 11, 1977, pp. 36-37.

Short stories
 "So Much Unfairness of Things." The New Yorker, June 2, 1962, p. 31. Full text available.

A Literary Guild selection.

References

Bibliography
 Connery, Thomas B. (ed.). Sourcebook of American Literary Journalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992.
 Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol 29. Detroit: Gale, 1984.
 Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 185: American Literary Journalists, 1945–1995. Detroit: Gale, 1997.
 Schroeder, Eric James. Vietnam, We've All Been There: Interviews with American Writers. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992.
 Sims, Norman (ed.). The Literary Journalists. New York City: Ballantine, 1984, p. 3.
 Atlantic, July 1976; August 1983.
 Atlantic Monthly, July 1976, p. 93; August 1983, pp. 96–98.
 Boston Herald, June 13, 1995.
 Chicago Tribune Book World, October 9, 1983.
 The Christian Science Monitor, June 11, 1976.
 Commonweal, February 19, 1965, pp. 672–673.
 Los Angeles Times Book Review, August 28, 1983.
 National Review, April 20, 1971.
 New Republic, November 7, 1970.
 Newsweek, November 23, 1970; May 17, 1976.
 The New Yorker, July 31, 1995.
 New York Review of Books, April 8, 1965; August 5, 1976, pp. 41–43.
 The New York Times, February 1, 1965; October 21, 1970; May 12, 1976; August 9, 1983.
 The New York Times Book Review, January 31, 1965, p. 4; November 1, 1970, pp. 46–47; May 9, 1976, pp. 1–2; October 14, 1979; August 28, 1983, pp. 10, 15; June 11, 1995.
 Publishers Weekly, April 24, 1995.
 Saturday Review, February 6, 1965; January 22, 1972; May 15, 1976.
 Time magazine, February 5, 1965, pp. 112, 114; April 19, 1976.
 Times Literary Supplement, October 7, 1965; December 29, 1972, p. 1573.
 The Washington Post, October 24, 1979; June 5, 1995.
 Washington Post Book World, December 27, 1970, p. 6; May 2, 1976, p. L5; August 21, 1983, p. 3.

External links
 Boxes in the Attic ("Stories discovered inside 67 boxes of books, letters, photos and other items left to me and my sisters by our father, author C.D.B. Bryan, who passed away in December of 2009") – reminiscences about Bryan by his son, Saint George Bryan.
 C. D. B. Bryan Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

1936 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
United States Army officers
Novelists from Connecticut
Writers from New York City
20th-century American novelists
Military intelligence
Hotchkiss School alumni
Berkshire School alumni
The Yale Record alumni
American male novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century American non-fiction writers
St. Anthony Hall


Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Sauropterygians
 Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.

Newly named plesiosaurs

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Eutherians

Cetaceans

Pholidotes

References

 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.
 Williston, Samuel Wendel; 1903. North American Plesiosaurs; Field Columbian Museum Publication 73, Geological Series; II(I); Field Columbian Museum, Chicago.


Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs
 Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Metatherians

Eutherians

Cetaceans

Even-toed Ungulates

References

 Brown, B. (1904) Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs, Science, n.s. 20, (501): 184-185
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.
 Williston, Samuel Wendel; 1904; The stomach stones of the plesiosaurs; Science; 20 pp. 565; American Association for the Advancement of Science


Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Other archosauromorphs

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Other reptiles

References


Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorphs
 Apatosaurus gastroliths documented.
 Wieland claims to have found stegosaur gastroliths.

Dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

References

 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.


Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Conifers

Flowering plants

Arthropods

Insects

Archosaurs
 Wieland claims to have found stegosaur gastroliths.
 Brown argues that Wieland's alleged stegosaur gastroliths were "not associated with the stegosaur bones in question."
 Possible hadrosaur gastroliths documented.

Newly named ornithodirans
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

 Brown, B. (1907). Gastroliths, Science, 25(636), p392.
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.
 Wieland, G.R. (1907). Gastroliths. Science, 628:66-67.


Arthropoda

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References


Arthropods

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

People
 Death of Harry Govier Seeley, the paleontologist who invented the Saurischian/Ornithischian dinosaur dichotomy.

References


Arthropoda

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs
 AMNH 5244, a ceratopsian braincase, was found isolated during an American Museum of Natural History Barnum Brown-led expedition.

Newly named phytosaurs

Newly named basal dinosauriforms

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Mammalian

Footnotes

References
 Makovicky, P. J., 2001, A Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)  braincase from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate  Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press,  pp. 243–262.


Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

Institutions and organizations

Natural history museums
 The Calgary Public Museum opened in Alberta, Canada.

Scientific organizations

Scientific advances

Paleoanthropology

Paleobotany

Evolutionary biology

Exopaleontology

Extinction research

Micropaleontology

Invertebrate paleozoology

Trace fossils

Vertebrate paleozoology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Research techniques

Fossil trade

Law and politics

Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale

Fossil-related crime

Official symbols

Protected areas

Ethics and practice

Hoaxes

Scandals

Unethical practice

People

Births

Awards and recognition

Deaths

Historiography and anthropology of paleontology

Pseudoscience

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions

Art

Comics

Film

Gaming

Literature

Philately

Television

See also

References


Arthropods

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 0


Plants

Newly named angiosperms

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 1


Plants

Angiosperms

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named plesiosaurs

Paleontologists
 Death of William Diller Matthew.

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 0


Paleozoology

Arthropods

Insects

Vertebrates

Conodonts

Jawless fish
Edward Branson and Maurice Mehl described the extinct genus of heterostracan agnathan Cardipeltis in the Jefferson Formation of Utah.

Newly named archosauromorphs

Dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 1


Labège (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitania region in Southwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 4,008.

Geography
Labège is a commune in the metropolitan area of Toulouse. Its urban core is located in the southeast suburbs of Toulouse along the Autoroute des Deux Mers (A61) towards Narbonne. The bordering communes are Saint-Orens-de-Gameville, Auzielle, Escalquens, Castanet-Tolosan, Auzeville-Tolosane, and Ramonville-Saint-Agne. Labège-Innopole station and Labège-Village station have rail connections to Toulouse, Carcassonne and Narbonne.

History
The name "Labège" may be derived from La Berge ("The Bank") because of the town's location on the banks of the Hers-Mort.

Some Roman remains can be seen in Labège; but in Roman times no actual village existed here, only a few scattered homes along the thoroughfare between Baziège and Toulouse. Even in the Middle Ages, the settlement was sparse. Fourteenth century documents mention a Labège manor, which was owned by the College of Saint Front de Périgord for the next four centuries, but only toward the end of the Renaissance did the village proper begin to take shape around the parish church.

Politics

At the national level, the commune is part of the 3rd constituency of Haute-Garonne.

Demographics

Economy
Labège is made up of two sharply contrasted districts. To the southeast is Labège Village, the residential area, with most of the homes, local shops, a gymnasium, day-care, and the largest pétanque club in the vicinity. To the northwest towards Toulouse is the economic center of the commune, Labège Innopole, incorporating the headquarters of IoT Valley, the Labège 2 shopping centre, the Gaumont Multiplex movie theatre, and many restaurants, businesses, laboratories and Institutions. A green belt separates the two districts.

Sights
 The fountains of Saint-Sernin and Laurier, known for their healing waters. According to legend, during his journey from Narbonne to Toulouse, St. Sernin stopped to quench his thirst at the fountain which now bears his name, and blessed it with curative powers.
 The Church of Saint-Barthélémy. Mention is made of an earlier church on this site in 1232. A second church of 1518-1570 was destroyed by the Huguenots. Its successor stood until it was destroyed by fire in the nineteenth century. The present church dates from 1860.
 Place Saint-Barthélémy with its mansion, its sundial, its café and its imposing fountain sculpture.
 The pigeonnier du Bouysset, dating from the eighteenth century: registered as an historic monument since 11 July 1977.
 The Maison Salvan, a cultural centre devoted to exploring the interface between art and science.
 The largest pétanque club in the area.
 The war memorial near the cemetery.

Monuments

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Soueich (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne
Comminges


Saux-et-Pomarède is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Plants

Angiosperms

Arthropods

insects

Archosauromorphs

Crurotarsans

Dinosaurs
Data from George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 0


Juzet-de-Luchon (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Labarthe-Inard (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Arthropods

New taxa

Conodonts

Dinosaurs
 Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data are courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

 Brown, B. 1941. The last dinosaurs. – Natural History 48: 290–295.
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 1


Labarthe-sur-Lèze (, literally Labarthe on Lèze; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Geography
The Lèze forms part of the commune's southern border, flows northward through the eastern part of the commune, then flows into the Ariège, which forms the commune's northeastern border.

Population

Twin towns
Labarthe-sur-Lèze is twinned with:
 Breda di Piave, Italy

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Labastide-Beauvoir (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Labastide-Clermont (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Labastide-Paumès (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Population

Sights
The Château de Labastide-Paumès dates back in parts to the 9th century. The main building is circa 1164 castle which includes a large tower with a spiral staircase, built approximately one hundred years later. Privately owned, it has been listed since 1927 as a historic site by the French Ministry of Culture.

See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Communes of Haute-Garonne


Jharkhandi cuisine is the cuisine of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Staple foods are rice, dal and vegetables. Common meals often consist of vegetables that are cooked in various ways, such as curried, fried, roasted and boiled. Many traditional dishes of  Jharkhand may not be available at restaurants.

Foods and dishes
Malpua: It is a dish in Jharkhand which is usually prepared during the Holi festival.
Arsa Roti: It is a sweet dish prepared during festivals. Rice flour and sugar or jaggery are used in preparation.
Chhilka Roti: It is bread prepared by using rice flour and dal. It is served with chutney, vegetables and meat.

Dhooska: Also spelled , it is a common food in Jharkhand. They are deep fried rice flour pancakes that may be served with gram curry and potatoes.

Aaru ki sabzi: It is made with a root vegetable found in Jharkhand only.
Chakor Jhol: It is a wild edible leafy vegetable, cooked in red rice soup.
Sanai ka phool ka bharta: It is a recipe from rural Jharkhand made of Sanai (Crotalaria juncea) flowers.
Moonj Ada:  It is a spicy dal, cooked over a low flame with a dash of lemon and chilli for flavour.
Dumbu: Dumbu is a rice dessert.

Tilkut: Tilkut is a sweet prepared with pounded sesame-seed cookies made with jaggery batter or melted sugar.

Meat salaan: It is a popular meat dish consisting of lamb curry and diced potatoes which is spiced with garam masala.
Maduwa khassi: It is smoked skin intact mutton served with rice.
Spicy chicken: It is yet another common meat dish.
Rohad Haku: It is a dish of fried fish. The fish is dried in the sun and then stir fried in oil. Lemon and vinegar are added to spice it up.
Mushroom: Rugra or Puttu is a type of edible mushroom which grows during the monsoon season and is used for vegetable.
Bamboo shoot: Bamboo shoots are used as vegetables in Jharkhand.
Red ant chutney: It is a dish made of mashed red ants and their eggs.

Koinar Saag: The leaf of Koinar tree (Bauhinia variegata) is used as a vegetable.
Putkal (Ficus geniculata) ka saag: It is a sautéed leafy vegetable.
Pitha: Authentic Jharkhandi Dish made up of rice flour with Urad or Chana Dal.

Alcoholic beverages
Handia: Handia or Handi is a common rice beer in Jharkhand. People drink it during festivals and marriage feast.
Mahua daru: It is an alcoholic beverage in Jharkhand which is prepared using the flowers of Mahua tree (Madhuca longifolia).

Food security
The twenty-four districts of Jharkhand receive supplemental food security supplies as per the National Food Security Act, 2013 of India. In the past, food supplies were distributed to the districts in phases, which some have criticized as problematic. In June 2015, Ram Vilas Paswan, the Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution for the government of India stated a preference toward the Food Security Act to be implemented all at once, rather than in phases. In this manner, Paswan stated a preference for distributions to be completed in entirety by September 1, 2015.

References

Further reading

External links
Jharkhand Food. Mapsofindia.com.
Jharkhandi Cuisine . Jharkhandobserver.com.
 Traditional Jharkhand Food pandareviewz.com.

Jharkhand
Culture of Jharkhand


Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries
 William Edmund Cutler first began collecting fossils, choosing the mouth of Kneehills Creek in Alberta as a prospecting site. According to paleontologist Darren Tanke, Cutler was motivated by "commercial gain".
 Charles H. Sternberg and his sons began working under a contract with the Geological Survey of Canada, which at the time was responsible for maintaining the National Museum of Canada. Lawrence Lambe occupied a supervisory position in the project. The Sternbergs were in competition with Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History through a period that came to be known as the Great Canadian Dinosaur Rush.

Institutions and organizations

Natural history museums
 The Calgary Public Museum of Alberta, Canada moved to occupy a single floor of the city's Memorial Park Library Building.

Scientific organizations

Scientific advances

Paleoanthropology

Paleobotany

Evolutionary biology

Exopaleontology

Extinction research

Micropaleontology

Invertebrate paleozoology

Trace fossils

Vertebrate paleozoology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Research techniques

Fossil trade

Law and politics

Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale

Fossil-related crime

Official symbols

Protected areas

Ethics and practice

Hoaxes

Scandals

Unethical practice

People

Births

Awards and recognition

Deaths

Historiography and anthropology of paleontology

Pseudoscience

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions

Art

Comics

Film

Gaming

Literature
 The Lost World by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was published. This novel was the first major fictional portrayal of dinosaurs in the 20th century. It was also the first work of fiction to depict dinosaurs as surviving somewhere in a remote wilderness refuge. Conan Doyle depicted the novel's dinosaurs as cold blooded and stupid. This accurately reflected the scientific thinking of the period, but is now obsolete. Paleontologist William A. S. Sarjeant has characterized Conan Doyle's dinosaurs as otherwise "excellently described".Conan Doyle also incorrectly accepted the prevailing scientific consensus of the period that pterosaurs were poor fliers who depended on gliding to travel. Nevertheless, Sarjeant also noted that while Conan Doyle underestimated pterosaur flying abilities, he anticipated the later scientific conclusion that they were social animals.

Philately

Television

See also

References


Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named phytosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References


Paleobotany

Newly described angiosperms

Conodonts

Newly named conodonts
Stauffer & Plummer described the conodont genus Gondolella.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Newly named pseudosuchians

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Other diapsids

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 2


Conodonts

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 2


Great Zimbabwe University (GZU) is an institution of higher learning in the city of Masvingo, Zimbabwe. It is currently situated on the Masvingo Teachers’ College campus seven kilometres east of Masvingo CBD. Currently the institution has a number of campuses in and around the city, including some in the high density suburb of Mucheke, most notably the school of tourism and hospitality situated on a hill on what used to be a hotel. The Herbert Chitepo law school and the library are among the campuses in the center of town. There are also newly built campuses to the west in the industrial zone of the city, whose buildings stand out along the Bulawayo highway. There is another campus in the mining town of Mashava 40km west of Masvingo. A larger campus is soon to be built near the Great Zimbabwe National Monument, the namesake of the university.

One of a number of universities the government opened after independence in 1980, Great Zimbabwe University began life as the Masvingo State University (MASU). which was established through the recommendations of the 1995 Chetsanga Report. The report had proposed the devolution of teachers’ and technical colleges into degree-awarding institutions that would eventually become universities in their own right. A university college attached to the University of Zimbabwe was accordingly launched in 1999/2000. Two years later, an Act of Parliament created the autonomous Masvingo State University. The name was changed to Great Zimbabwe University two years later.

The university offers degree and diploma programmes at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the arts, commerce, education and the sciences. The programmes are designed to be responsive to the needs of the job market in Zimbabwe's ever-changing economy.

Arts and literature
The Department of Visual and Performing Arts in the Simon Muzenda School of Arts, Culture and Heritage Studies on Friday 19 May 2017, premiered a movie, Solo naMutsai. The film, explores university student life; the ups and downs, the love life, dealing with external forces and different social classes and it was written by Charles Munganasa and directed by Sydney Taivavashe. The department also launched a music album, Dangwe, on 7 April 2017.

In 2018, two Great Zimbabwe University lecturers, Munyaradzi Mawere and Tapuwa Rubaya, started a publishing company in Masvingo to promote indigenous stories and encourage the growth of a reading culture. Africa Talent Publishers is reportedly the first such establishment to be founded in the town.

Politics
In 2019, the anti-ZANU–PF Zimbabwe National Students Union (ZINASU) defeated the pro-ZANU–PF Zimbabwe Congress of Students Union (ZICOSU).

References

External links
Southern African University

Universities and colleges in Zimbabwe
Masvingo
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Zimbabwe
Buildings and structures in Masvingo Province
Education in Masvingo Province


Insects

Vertebrates

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries
 April: William Edmund Cutler prospected in Dinosaur Provincial Park. His work was underwritten by the Calgary Syndicate for Prehistoric Research, a group of local philanthropist businessmen, and a small local museum, the Calgary Public Museum, which no long exists.
 Summer: The American Museum of Natural History dispatched a team of fossil hunters to Dinosaur Provincial Park. Cutler joined the expedition but was "asked to leave" after only a few months of involvement.
 Cutler excavated a juvenile Gryposaurus now catalogued by the Canadian Museum of Nature as CMN 8784. The site of the excavation has since been designated "quarry 252".
 Winter: Cutler partly prepared the young Gryposaurus specimen, possibly in Calgary while working on dinosaurs for Euston Sisely.
 A US Geological Survey crew headed by Eugene Stebinger and a US National Museum crew headed by Charles Gilmore worked together to excavate the first dinosaur discovery of the Two Medicine Formation.

See also

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 3


Plants

Conifers

Araucariaceae

†Cheirolepidiaceae

Cupressaceae

Pinaceae

Podocarpaceae

Angiosperms

Basal eudicots

Superroids

Fagales

Malvales

Incertae sedis

Arthropoda

Insects

Archosauromorpha

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 3


Plants

Angiosperms

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Conodonts

Newly named conodonts

Archosauromorphs
 Barnum Brown prospected the Two Medicine Formation, but found nothing significant.
 Lull published a monograph where he discusses AMNH 5244, a ceratopsian braincase.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Footnotes

References
 Makovicky, P. J., 2001, A Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)  braincase from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press,  pp. 243–262.
 Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In:  Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 3


Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data are courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 3


Roby Calvin Thompson (March 30, 1898 – July 29, 1960) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia.

Education and career

Thompson was born in Saltville, Virginia, Thompson received a Bachelor of Laws from University of Virginia School of Law in 1922. He was in private practice of law in Abingdon, Virginia from 1922 to 1957. He was a deputy clerk of the United States District Court in Abingdon from 1928 to 1938. He was commonwealth attorney of Washington County, Virginia from 1939 to 1947. He was city attorney of Abingdon from 1940 to 1957.

Federal judicial service

Thompson was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on August 16, 1957, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia vacated by Judge Alfred D. Barksdale. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 28, 1957, and received his commission on August 30, 1957. He served as Chief Judge from 1958 to 1960. His service was terminated on July 29, 1960, due to his death in Abingdon.

Notable cases

Along with his colleague Theodore Roosevelt Dalton and Senior Judge John Paul Jr., Thompson presided over school integration cases in Western Virginia, implementing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Thompson ordered the integration of the public schools in Floyd County, Virginia and Galax, Virginia in 1959 and Pulaski County, Virginia in 1960, noting that more than five years had passed since the Brown decision.

References

Sources

1898 births
1960 deaths
Virginia lawyers
Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia
United States district court judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower
20th-century American judges
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
People from Abingdon, Virginia
County and city Commonwealth's Attorneys in Virginia


Arthropods

Newly named insects

Dinosaurs
 Eugene Stebinger became the first to identify the Two Medicine Formation and to formally describe its first fossil finds, which were excavated the previous year.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Footnotes

References
 Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In:  Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana  University Press, pp. 298–309.

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 4


Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Newly named mammals

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 4


Arthropods

Insects

Conodonts

Vertebrates

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 4


Plants

Conodonts

Dinosaurs
 The only known fossils of Poekilopleuron are destroyed during the Allied liberation of Normandy.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data are courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 4


The 2002 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 108th overall season, 70th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 11th within the SEC Western Division. The team was led by head coach Dennis Franchione, in his second year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of 10–3 (6–2 in the SEC) to finish in first place in the SEC West; however, the team was ineligible to compete in the 2002 SEC Championship Game or a bowl game due to a two-year postseason ban imposed as part of the penalty for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) violations.

Summary
The team was led by second-year head coach Dennis Franchione. The team began the season with a 4–1 record, only losing a very close game to then #8 ranked Oklahoma. On October 5, the Crimson Tide lost another hard-fought game to the #4 Georgia 27–25 at home. The team would then defeat their next five opponents by an average of 24.4 points. In the 2002 Iron Bowl, the team was defeated by the Auburn Tigers by a score of 17–7. The team would end their season by defeating Hawaii. Though the team finished at 10–3 (6–2) and atop the SEC West standings, they were ineligible to play in the postseason due to receiving NCAA sanctions in 2001.

On December 5, head coach Dennis Franchione left the University of Alabama to take a head coaching job at Texas A&M which was left vacant by the firing of R. C. Slocum.

Schedule

Source: Rolltide.com All-time Football Results: 2002 Season

Roster

Coaching staff

Game summaries

Middle Tennessee

In the only game that Alabama would play at Legion Field in 2002, the Crimson Tide would score a season opening win for the first time since 1999.

Oklahoma

The first road game of the year for Alabama would prove to be one of the most exciting game of the year. Despite trailing 23-3 at halftime, Alabama roared back in the second half with 24 unanswered points to take a 27-23 lead late into the 4th quarter. Oklahoma however, scored the last 14 points to win 37-27.

North Texas

In the first game of the season at Bryant-Denny Stadium, The Crimson Tide would go over 500 yards of offense for the first time this season and win their first non-conference game at Bryant Denny Stadium since 1999. This game also was the first time since 1986 Alabama would not sellout their game at Bryant-Denny Stadium snapping a streak of 56 straight sellouts in Tuscaloosa.

Southern Miss

For the second straight week, Alabama would hold their opponent to under 150 yards of total offense to win their third game of the season. This would be  Ahmaad Galloway final game at Alabama as he would tear his ACL in the 4th quarter.

Arkansas

Shaud Williams would take the opening play 80 yards for a touchdown as the Crimson Tide beat Arkansas on the road for the first time since 1996.

Georgia

Georgia would use a Billy Bennett 32 yard field goal to beat Alabama in the first meeting between teams since 1995.

Ole Miss

Santonio Beard tied Shaun Alexander record of five rushing touchdowns in a game as Alabama dominated Ole Miss on Homecoming.

Tennessee

For the first time since 1994, Alabama beat Tennessee snapping a seven year win streak that the Vols had. To date, this was the longest streak by any opponent over the Tide.

Vanderbilt

For the second year in a row, the Crimson Tide traveled to Vanderbilt and for the 18th straight time Alabama would beat Vanderbilt. This would be the last time Alabama would play Vanderbilt until 2006 snapping a 50 consecutive seasons streak of playing.

Mississippi State

Alabama used their offense in the first half and their defense in the second half to preserve second straight win against the Bulldogs for the first time since 1994-95. This game was not televised making it the first Alabama game since 1995 not to be on live television.

LSU

Alabama defense would record a shutout for the first time since 1997 as they defeated the LSU Tigers in Baton Rouge.

Auburn

Alabama would trail for the first time since the Georgia game earlier in the season as Auburn would upset Alabama to continue their undefeated mark in Iron Bowl's played in Tuscaloosa.

Hawaii

Alabama would clinch 10 wins for the first time since 1999 as Alabama beat Hawaii to end the season 10-3. This would be Dennis Franchione last game as coach at Alabama as he would leave to be Texas A&M Head Coach on December 4, 2002.

References

Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson Tide football


Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries
 Summer: William Edmund Cutler resumed collecting dinosaur fossils in Dinosaur Provincial Park. One discovery was a disarticulated ceratopsian he identified as an "Eoceratops". He spent the remainder of the year excavating the specimen although his progress was hampered by illness and bad weather.

Institutions and organizations

Natural history museums

Scientific organizations

Scientific advances

Paleoanthropology

Paleobotany

Evolutionary biology

Exopaleontology

Extinction research

Micropaleontology

Invertebrate paleozoology

Trace fossils

Vertebrate paleozoology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Research techniques

Fossil trade

Law and politics

Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale

Fossil-related crime

Official symbols

Protected areas

Ethics and practice

Hoaxes

Scandals

Unethical practice

People

Births

Awards and recognition

Deaths

Historiography and anthropology of paleontology

Pseudoscience

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions

Art

Comics

Film

Gaming

Literature
 In the Morning of Time by Charles G. D. Roberts was published. Paleontologist William A. S. Sarjeant has described it as unusually factual for a work of fiction.

Philately

Television

See also

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 9


Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Conifers

Flowering plants

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Insects

Archosauromorphs
 Barosaurus gastroliths documented.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

 Janensch, W. (1929). Magensteine bei Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica (Suppl. 7) 2:135-144.
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 9


Arthropods

Newly named Arachnids

Newly named insects

Archosauromorpha

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs
 Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.

References

 Riggs, Elmer Samuel; 1939a; A specimen of Elasmosaurus serpentinus; Geological Series of Field Museum of Natural History; VI(No. 25) pp. 385–391
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 9


Lissotestella tryphenensis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

tryphenesis
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1931


Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorphs

Archosauromorphs

Plesiosaurs
 Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Other Animals

References

 Welles, Samuel P. and Bump, J. D.; 1949; Alzadasaurus pembertoni, a new elasmosaur from the Late Cretaceous of South Dakota; Journal of Paleontology; 23(5) pp. 521–535
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.


Arthropods

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named pseudosuchians

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Anapsids

Turtles

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Paleontologists
 Death of Eberhard Fraas.

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 5


Plants

Newly named angiosperms

Fish

Bony fish

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.

Plesiosaurs

Newly named taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 6


Arthropods

Insects

Vertebrates

Newly named non-mammalian synapsids

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Newly named avialaens

Newly named dinosaurs

Literature
 Hunting Dinosaurs in the Badlands of the Red Deer River Valley, Alberta by C. H. Sternberg was published. Although the work was mostly non-fiction, it concluded with a series of fictional chapters wherein Sternberg dreamt of traveling back in time to the various ages of prehistory.

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 7


Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

Institutions and organizations

Natural history museums

Scientific organizations

Scientific advances

Paleoanthropology

Paleobotany

Evolutionary biology

Exopaleontology

Extinction research

Micropaleontology

Invertebrate paleozoology

Trace fossils

Vertebrate paleozoology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Research techniques

Fossil trade

Law and politics

Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale

Fossil-related crime

Official symbols

Protected areas

Ethics and practice

Hoaxes

Scandals

Unethical practice

People

Births

Awards and recognition

Deaths

Historiography and anthropology of paleontology

Pseudoscience

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions

Art

Comics

Film

Gaming

Literature

Philately

Television

See also

References

1910s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 8


Plants

Angiosperms

Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorpha

General pseudosuchian research
Longman describes a crocodilian skull discovered at Lansdown Station in Australia, assigning it to the genus Pallimnarchus (now Paludirex).

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Newly named plesiosaurs

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Mammals

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 5


Algae

Bacillariophyceae

Plants

Mosses

Lycopods

Conifers

Angiosperms

Monocots

Basal eudicots

Superasterids - basal

Superrosids - Fabids

Superrosids - Malvids

Angiosperms - other

Conodonts

Amphibians

Newly named basal diapsids

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 6


Mollusks

Gastropods

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Newly named birds

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Mammals

Cetaceans

References

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 7


Dinosaurs
 Charles Gilmore returned to prospect for fossils in the Two Medicine Formation. He would return yet again in 1935.

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Footnotes

References
 Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In:  Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana  University Press, pp. 298–309.

1920s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 8


Plants

Conifers

Flowering plants

Arthropods

Insects

Sauropterygians

New taxa

Vertebrates

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries
 Charles Gilmore returned to prospect for fossils in the Two Medicine Formation.

Institutions and organizations
 The Calgary Public Museum of Alberta, Canada closed due to financial problems triggered by the Great Depression. By this point the museum had accumulated roughly 7500 different items of both natural and man-made origin. The collections were stored in another Calgary building called the Coste House.

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 5


Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Cycadophytes

Ginkgophytes

Conifers

Cupressaceae

Flowering plants

Magnoliids

Monocots

Basal Eudicots and unplaced core Eudicots

Superasterids

Superrosids

Other flowering plants

Arthropods

Insects

Archosauromorphs

Dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Pterosaurs

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 6


Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Flowering plants

Magnoliids

Monocots

Basal Eudicots and unplaced core Eudicots

Superasterids - basal

Superasterids

Superrosids

Angiosperms - other

Arthropods

Insects

Vertebrates

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions
 August 28th: The Calgary Zoo's Prehistoric Park opened. Paleontologist Darren Tanke has described Prehistoric Park as "an extensive treed park and pathways containing numerous life-sized concrete dinosaurs and other prehistoric life". It also had "two long, walkthrough display buildings containing a Corythosaurus skeleton and individual dinosaur bones", as well as exhibits of paleozoic invertebrates and prehistoric plants. It became a popular attraction among visitors to the zoo.

Literature
 In 1937, Morant imagined a feathered dinosaur-like animal that lived during the Triassic and glided about on four wings. This portrayal reflected contemporary scientific speculations attempting to reconstruct the hypothetical ancestor of birds. Fossils from China later revealed the existence of just this sort of animal.

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 7


Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Mammals

References

1930s in paleontology
Paleontology 8


Archosauromorphs

Newly named protorosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 5


Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

Institutions and organizations

Natural history museums
 The director of the Allied Art Centre, which had taken over the Coste House where the former collections of the defunct Calgary Public Museum were stored, ordered most of the items—including dinosaur fossils—to be incinerated.

Scientific organizations

Scientific advances

Paleoanthropology

Paleobotany

Evolutionary biology

Exopaleontology

Extinction research

Micropaleontology

Invertebrate paleozoology

Trace fossils

Vertebrate paleozoology

Research techniques

Fossil trade

Law and politics

Regulation of fossil collection, transport, or sale

Fossil-related crime

Official symbols

Protected areas

Ethics and practice

Hoaxes

Scandals

Unethical practice

People

Births

Awards and recognition

Deaths

Historiography and anthropology of paleontology

Pseudoscience

Popular culture

Amusement parks and attractions

Art

Comics

Film

Gaming

Literature

Philately

Television

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 6


Mosses

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Newly named pseudosuchians

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Other Animals

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 7


Arthropods

Newly named insects

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

References

1940s in paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology 8


Day of the Idiots () is a 1981 West German psychological fantasy film drama directed and written by Werner Schroeter. It stars Carole Bouquet as a disturbed mental patient with an inclination to remove her clothes and Ingrid Caven as Dr. Laura and Christine Kaufmann as Ruth.

The film was nominated for a Golden Palm Award at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival and won best film at the 1982 German Film Awards going to director Werner Schroeter.

Cast
Carole Bouquet as  Carole
Ingrid Caven as  Dr. Laura
Christine Kaufmann as  Ruth
Ida Di Benedetto as  Elisabet
Carola Regnier as  Ninon
Mostefa Djadjam as Alexander
Hermann Killmeyer as Markus
Marie-Luise Marjan as  Schwester Marjan
Magdalena Montezuma as  Zigeunerin
George Stamkoski as himself
Tamara Kafka
Dana Medřická
Fritz Schediwy
Jana Plichtová

References

External links

1981 films
1980s psychological films
1980s avant-garde and experimental films
German avant-garde and experimental films
West German films
1980s German-language films
Films directed by Werner Schroeter
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
German fantasy films
1980s German films


The Golden Age of Comedy (1957) is a compilation of silent comedy films from the Mack Sennett and Hal Roach studios, written and produced by Robert Youngson.

Youngson had previously produced several award-winning short documentaries beforehand, and this was the first compilation of its kind in feature-length form. Initially, the film was distributed by a small independent company, Distributors Corporation of America, before being taken up by major Hollywood studio Twentieth Century Fox.

The film's commercial success led Youngson to follow suit with other silent film compilations over the next decade. The film is often regarded as particularly bringing Laurel and Hardy back into the public's notice after years of obscurity (they are the film's most predominantly featured performers), but Oliver Hardy died around the time of the film's release in August 1957. The film was released (along with several other Youngson compilations) on DVD for the first time in the United States in 2007. Its main musical theme is derived from Chopin's Etude Op. 10, No. 3, often known as "Tristesse".

Plot Details
The film is divided into nine separate acts, each with their own title card.

Act One - The Laugh Factory. Featuring several Mack Sennett comedies. Films included are The Hollywood Kid, Wandering Willies, Musclebound Music, Wall Street Blues and Circus Today.

Act Two - Nobody Liked Them But The Public. Laurel and Hardy comedies, including Habeas Corpus, The Second Hundred Years, We Faw Down (identified by its British title We Slip Up) and the famous climactic pie fight from The Battle of the Century.

Act Three - The Cowboy Who Became a Legend. Featuring Will Rogers in Uncensored Movies.

Act Four - Two Unforgotten Girls. Featuring Carole Lombard in Run Girl Run and Jean Harlow in the Laurel and Hardy comedy Double Whoopee.

Act Five - The Great Actor. Highlighting Ben Turpin in several shorts he made for Mack Sennett.

Act Six - A Comedy Classic. Laurel and Hardy's Two Tars.

Act Seven - So Funny, So Sad. An extract from a Harry Langdon comedy, The Luck o' the Foolish.

Act Eight - Animal Comedy. Several examples of humour from animals such as dogs, cats and lions, with Billy Bevan, Charley Chase, Andy Clyde, Harry Gribbon and Kewpie Morgan. Titles featured include The Sting of Stings and Nip and Tuck.

Finale - Two Men On a Street. The shin-kicking, pants-ripping street battle sequence from Laurel and Hardy's You're Darn Tootin'.

Cast
(Featured Performers)

 Stan Laurel
 Oliver Hardy
 Will Rogers
 Ben Turpin
 Harry Langdon
 Carole Lombard
 Jean Harlow
 Charley Chase
 Edgar Kennedy
 Billy Bevan
 Andy Clyde
 Harry Gribbon
 Charles Murray
 Louise Carver
 Kewpie Morgan
 Daphne Pollard
 Madeline Hurlock
 Keystone Cops
 Vernon Dent
 Mack Sennett

Crew
 Narrated by Dwight Weist and Ward Wilson
 Music By George Steiner
 Written and Produced by Robert Youngson

External links

1957 comedy films
1957 films
20th Century Fox films
American anthology films
American black-and-white films
Compilation films
Films directed by Robert Youngson
1950s English-language films


Serkis is an alternative name for Segius, Sarkis and Sargis

Serkis may refer to:
Aïbeg and Serkis, also Aibeg and Sergis or Aïbäg and Särgis, two ambassadors sent by the Mongol ruler Baichu to Pope Innocent IV in 1247–1248
Andy Serkis (born 1964), British film actor, director and author
Serkis Diranian (1854-1918), Armenian orientalist painter


Harry L.  Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey.

Career
Shorstein grew up in Jacksonville and attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he received his bachelor's and law degrees. He was admitted to the Florida Bar on October 25, 1965.

He served in Vietnam as a captain in the United States Marine Corps, being awarded a Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V", a Combat Action Ribbon, the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, and a Presidential Unit Citation.

After the war, he was hired by Public Defender Lou Frost and worked in that office before switching sides to the prosecution in 1970 as Division Head and Chief Assistant State Attorney. In 1974, Shorstein began two years as General Counsel for the City of Jacksonville, then switched to private practice for 15 years. In 1991 he was appointed State Attorney. Among the cases prosecuted during his term was the Brenton Butler case, in which the 15-year-old Butler was wrongfully accused of murder, and was later acquitted.

After leaving office, he joined the firm of Shorstein & Lasnetski, where he works with his youngest son, Paul. He had recently been considered for appointment as the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Florida. His successor, Angela Corey (who had been fired by Shorstein in 2007), "sent a letter to Florida's senators demanding that they oppose Shorstein's pending nomination as a U.S. attorney," writing that "he should not hold a position of authority in his community again, because of his penchant for using the grand jury for personal vendettas."  As of June 10, 2010, President Barack Obama had selected career federal prosecutor Bobby O'Neill, out of Tampa, for the position.

Work in the Juvenile Justice Program
Harry Shorstein launched a new juvenile justice program in Jacksonville that takes a three-pronged approach to juvenile crime. To reduce juvenile crime, it encourages both early intervention in high risk populations and rehabilitation among offenders. For violent and repeat offenders, it promotes incarceration. From 1993 to 1996, juvenile crime in Jacksonville decreased dramatically, which a Florida State University study attributed to the implementation of the plan. However, the same cannot be said for the adult offender program, especially the murder rate, which has given Jacksonville the distinction of being Florida's murder capital for fourteen of last nineteen years.

References

1940 births
Living people
Florida Democrats
Lawyers from Jacksonville, Florida
University of Florida alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
State attorneys in Florida
United States Marine Corps officers


Sarkis may refer to:

 Saint Sarkis the Warrior, a saint of the 4th century
 Patriarch Sarkis of Jerusalem (disambiguation), three Armenian patriarchs, from the 13th to 16th centuries
Patriarch Sarkis I of Jerusalem (r. 1281–1313)
Patriarch Sarkis II of Jerusalem (r. 1394–1415)
Patriarch Sarkis III of Jerusalem (r. 1507–1517)
Sarkis I of Armenia, Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 992 and 1019
Sarkis II the Relic-Carrier, Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1469 and 1474.
 Aïbeg and Serkis, 13th century Mongol envoys
 Sar Giz (or Sarkis, Iran), a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Religious buildings named St. Sarkis and Mar Sarkis
 Saint Sarkis (or Saint Sergius), see Saints Sergius and Bacchus
 St. Sarkis Church (disambiguation), name of a number of churches and cathedrals
Mar Sarkis (disambiguation), name of a number of monasteries

People

First name
Sarkis Acopian (1926–2007), inventor, industrialist, environmentalist, and humanitarian
Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo (born 1962), Iraqi Assyrian politician and government minister in Iraqi Kurdistan
Sarkis Assadourian (born 1948), Armenian-Canadian politician and MP in the Canadian Parliament (House of Commons)
Sarkis Assadourian (fencer) (born 1948), Iranian-Armenian fencer
Sarkis Diranian (1854–1918), Armenian orientalist painter
Sarkis Djanbazian (1913-1963), Iranian-Armenian artist
Sarkis Hayrapetyan (born 1992), Armenian figure skater
Sarkis Ordyan (1918–2003), Ukrainian-Armenian painter
Sarkis Soghanalian (1929–2011), nicknamed Merchant of Death, an international private arms dealer
Sarkis Zabunyan better known as just Sarkis, Armenian-Turkish-French conceptual artist
Sarkis Zeitlian (died 1985), Lebanese Armenian politician and journalist

Family name
Abe Sarkis (1913–1991), American mobster (Boston)
Andy Serkis (born 1964), English actor and film director
Angela Sarkis (born 1955), American businesswoman
Elias Sarkis, President of Lebanon from 1976 to 1982
Inanna Sarkis (born 1993), Assyrian-Bulgarian YouTuber
Joseph Sarkis (born 1949), Lebanese politician and government minister
Hashim Sarkis (born 1964), Lebanese architect
Stephanie Moulton Sarkis, specialist in the treatment of ADD/ADHD and medical writer

See also
Sarki (disambiguation)
Sargis
Sarkies (disambiguation)
Sergius (disambiguation)
 Serge (given name)


The 2008 Setanta Sports Cup was the 4th staging of the Setanta Sports Cup, a cross-border cup competition featuring football clubs from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The final was played on November 1, 2008, at Turners Cross in Cork.

Group stage
The draw for this round was held 17 January 2008.  The matches were played 26 February 2008 – 23 September 2008.

Teams that progressed to the Semi-Finals are indicated in bold type.

Teams eliminated from the Setanta Sports Cup this stage are indicated in italics''.

Group 1

Group 2

Semi-finals
The draw for the semi-finals was made by drawing the winners of Group A against the runners-up of Group 2 and vice versa, with group winners having home advantage. Glentoran beat Drogheda United 1–0 in the first semi-final, which was played at United Park in Drogheda, while Cork City overcame Derry City by the same scoreline at the Brandywell Stadium in Derry.

Final
The final took place on November 1, 2008, at Turners Cross stadium in front of 5,500, a sell out crowd, in Cork, where Cork City came from behind to beat Glentoran 2-1 and win the competition for the first time.

Goalscorers
4 goals
  Mark Farren (Derry City)
  Éamon Zayed (Drogheda United)

3 goals
  Denis Behan (Cork City)
  Daryl Fordyce (Glentoran)
  Michael Halliday (Glentoran)
  Gary O'Neill (St Patrick's Athletic)

2 goals

  Darren Boyce (Glentoran)
  Keith Fahey (St Patrick's Athletic)
  Rory Hamill (Cliftonville)
  Adam Hughes (Drogheda United)
  Ciarán Martyn (Derry City)
  Paul McAreavey (Linfield)
  Darren Murphy (Cork City)
  Colin Nixon (Glentoran)
  George O'Callaghan (Cork City)

1 goal

  Timmy Adamson (Dungannon Swifts)
  Aaron Baker (Dungannon Swifts)
  Richie Baker (Drogheda United)
  Killian Brennan (Derry City)
  Ollie Cahill (Drogheda United)
  Mark Dickson (Linfield)
  Glenn Ferguson (Linfield)
  Grant Gardiner (Glentoran)
  Robert Garrett (Linfield)
  Graham Gartland (Drogheda United)
  Tony Grant (Drogheda United)
  Ruaidhri Higgins (Derry City)
  Jason Hill (Glentoran)
  Mark Holland (Cliftonville)
  Liam Kearney (Cork City)
  Timmy Kiely (Cork City)
  Shea McGerrigan (Dungannon Swifts)
  Kevin McHugh (Derry City)
  George McMullan (Cliftonville)
  Dave Mooney (Cork City)
  Jamie Mulgrew (Linfield)
  Francis Murphy (Cliftonville)
  Dan Murray (Cork City)
  Declan O'Brien (Drogheda United)
  John O'Flynn (Cork City)
  Mark Patterson (Cliftonville)
  Mark Quigley (St Patrick's Athletic)
  Darragh Ryan (Cork City)
  Conor Sammon (Derry City)
  John Tambouras (Drogheda United)
  Peter Thompson (Linfield)

1 own goal
  Clive Delaney (Derry City)
  Adam McMinn (Dungannon Swifts)

References

External links
 Official Setanta Cup Site

2008
1
2007–08 in Northern Ireland association football


Following three consecutive victories, the 1995 Eurovision Song Contest was once again held in Ireland. Eddie Friel was selected to represent his country with the song "Dreamin'".

Before Eurovision

National final
The final was held on 12 March 1995 at the Cork Opera House in Cork. For the fifth year running, Pat Kenny hosted the event. The eight songs presented were voted on by ten regional juries.

Following its victory, the winning song "Dreamin'" caused some controversy following plagiarism allegations due to similarities to a Julie Felix song called "Moonlight". The second-placed song in the national final, "Always You", was for a while considered as a potential replacement for Friel, however an agreement with Felix allowed the song to continue in the contest.

At Eurovision
"Dreamin'" went on to take 14th place in the contest with 44 points, breaking Ireland's record three-year-long winning streak. Ireland won again, however, the following year.

Voting

References

1995
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995
Eurovision
Eurovision


"Speak Low" (1943) is a popular song composed by Kurt Weill, with lyrics by Ogden Nash.

Background
It was introduced by Mary Martin and Kenny Baker in the Broadway musical One Touch of Venus (1943). The 1944 hit single was by Guy Lombardo and his orchestra, with vocal by Billy Leach.
Actress Ava Gardner (dubbed by Eileen Wilson) and Dick Haymes sang the song in the feature film version of One Touch of Venus (1948).

The tune is a jazz standard that has been widely recorded, both by vocal artists from Billie Holiday and Tony Bennett to the Miracles and Dee Dee Bridgewater, and such instrumentalists as James Moody, Chet Baker, Gerry Mulligan, Bill Evans, Sonny Clark with Donald Byrd and John Coltrane, Roy Hargrove, Coleman Hawkins, Woody Shaw, Bobby Shew, Eumir Deodato and Brian Bromberg. Pianist Walter Bishop Jr. in 1961 recorded an album, Speak Low, featuring the song. Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Pass recorded this in 1983 (on CD Speak Love). Al Caiola's 1961 version reached #105 on Cashbox magazine's "Looking Ahead" survey. Kurt Weill himself also recorded the song.

The opening line "Speak low when you speak, love" is a play of words on a line in William Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing (1600), in which Don Pedro says "Speak low if you speak love."

"Speak Low" is featured in the 2014 German film Phoenix.

Barbra Streisand version

In 1993, American singer, songwriter, actress and director Barbra Streisand released a cover of "Speak Low", taken from her twenty-sixth studio album, Back to Broadway (1993).

Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Tune from One Touch of Venus has a seductive, shuffling rhythm that blends well with Johnny Mandel's lush orchestration. As always, Streisand is in exemplary vocal form, and this track will prove a total joy to her devoted legion of fans." Sam Wood from Philadelphia Inquirer complimented it as a "lusciously arranged ballad", and "a sinuous rhythm-and-blues reinterpretation" that's "probably Streisand's best chance for a radio hit" since "Memory". Richard Harrington from The Washington Post felt that with Streisand singing low over Mandell's "supple orchestrations, it feels more like a pop song than a show standard."

References

External links
"Speak Low" at Jazz Standards

1943 songs
Songs with music by Kurt Weill
Songs with lyrics by Ogden Nash
Guy Lombardo songs
Lena Horne songs
Barbra Streisand songs
1940s jazz standards


The Valea spre Șardu is a right tributary of the river Niraj in Romania. It flows into the Niraj in Gălești. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Mureș County


Erikson is a common Scandinavian patronymic surname meaning "son of Erik", itself an Old Norse given name. There are other spelling variations of this surname, as it is common amongst Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and . Erikson is uncommon as a given name.  People with the surname include:

 Duke Erikson (born 1953), American musician with the band Garbage
 Erik Erikson (1902–1994), Jewish German (but a Danish citizen) developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst
 Jon Erikson (born 1955), American long distance swimmer
 Kai T. Erikson (born 1931), American sociologist
 Leif Erikson (c. 970 – c. 1020), Norse explorer, son of Erik the Red, and first european to reach the Americas
 Neil Erikson (born 1985), Australian extreme neo-Nazi activist
 Sheldon Erikson, American, Chairman of the Board, President, CEO of Cameron
 Steven Erikson (born 1959), pseudonym of Steve Rune Lundin, Canadian novelist
 Thorvald Erikson or Thorvald Eiriksson (died 1004), Greenlandic Norse explorer, son of Erik the Red, brother to Lief Erikson
 Tom Erikson, American mixed martial arts fighter

See also
Eriksen
Eriksson

References

Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names


Michael Dacher (21 August 1933 – 3 December 1994) was a German mountaineer and extreme climber.  In 1979 he and Reinhold Messner climbed the K2 in record time and without oxygen equipment.

A primary school in Khadambas, a village 80 km east of Kathmandu in Nepal, has been named after him.

Dacher was born in Peiting.

Climbs

Europe

 1950 Geiselstein in the Ammer Mountains
 1951 Geiselstein south face, south cut, east cut, first five-day tour
 1952 Fleischbank, southeast face, Bauernpredigtstuhl-Alte Westwand
 1953 Fleischbank-Südostverschneidung, Mauk, west face (Buhlroute), Schüsselkarspitze, southeast face, Große Zinne-Norwand (Comici)
 1954 Predigtstuhl – direct west face (4th ascent) Große Zinne, north face (Comici), 4th solo ascent
 1955 Torre di Valgrande, northwest face (Carlessoführe), many solo tours in local Ammer Mountains
 1956/57 first West Alpine journey, Westliche Zinne, north face (Cassin)
 1959 Piz Badile, northeast face
 1960 , southwest face (Brandler-Hasse)
 1961 Große Zinne, direct north face
 1962 Grandes Jorasses-Walkerpfeiler, first ice tour
 1963 Ortler, north face (Schmid)
 1964 Matterhorn, north face
 1965/68 Oberreintaldom-Gondaverschneidung und Schießlerführe, Berggeisttum-Cukrowskiführe, Montblanc-Brenvaflanke, Blatière, west face (Brown), Sass-Maor, east face (Solleder), Piz de Ciavàzes-south face (Schubert)
 1969 Eiger, north face (Heckmair), Mont Maudit southeast arête
 1971/72 Trollryggen, northeast face (Norway)
 1974 Cengalo, northwest pillar
 1976 , southwest face (Eisenstecken)
 1978 Triolet, north face, Grubenkarspitze, west face (Klaus Werner Führe) Karwendel

Asia

 1973 Hindu Kush expedition, failed owing to equipment losses
 1975 Yalung Kang (8,438 m) (Kangchenjunga West Peak), second ascent
 1977 Lhotse (8,516 m) im Khumbu Himalayas, without supplemental oxygen
 1979 K2 (8,611 m) im Karakoram with Reinhold Messner; Dacher was the first German on the K2
 1980 Shishapangma (8,046 m) in Tibet
 1981 Nanga Parbat (8,125 m) in Pakistan
 1982 Hidden Peak (8,080 m), first ascent of a variation in the north face
 1983 Cho Oyu (8,188 m) from the southwest in Alpine style
 1984 Manaslu (8,163 m)
 1985 Dhaulagiri (8,167 m), failed owing to sickness of a colleague
 1986 Broad Peak (8,047 m)
 1987 Everest (8,848 m), failed owing to storms
 1987 Gasherbrum II (8,035 m)
 1988 Makalu (8,485 m) failed owing to hurricane winds
 1990 Dhaulagiri (8,167 m) international expedition, failed
 1991 Everest (8,848 m) attempt
 1993 Mustagh Ata (7,546 m) climbed with skis
 1993 Everest (8,848 m), expedition attempt

South America

 1992 Aconcagua (6,962 m), Dacher is expedition leader

Greenland
 1970 Greenland, inland ice crossing from west to east (Nansen route) with Franz Martin

References

1933 births
1994 deaths
German mountain climbers


Sargis or Sarkis (, ; , ) is a male given name in both Armenian and Assyrian communities. The Armenian surname Sargsyan/Sarkisian is derived from this name.

Etymology
The name ultimately derived from the Latin name Sergius.

Assyrian Tradition

In the Assyrian community, the name Sargis is a common veneration to Saint Sergius who was martyred in the Syriac speaking city of Resafa, popularizing the name in the language amongst liturgically Syriac speaking communities since at least the 4th century. The name , , meaning Saint Sargis, is also used for Assyrian churches in both the Assyrian homeland and diaspora.

List of notable people or places with the name Sargis

Saints

Sargis the General, 4th century Armenian saint, not to be confused with Saint Sergius
Sergius of Samarkand, Church of the East saint ()

Places
Mar Sargis Village, an Assyrian settlement located near Seiri, Urmia, Iran

Churches

Mar Sargis Assyrian Church of the East (3rd Century AD)
Saint Sargis Church of Ashtarak
Saint Sargis Monastery of Ushi
Saint Sargis Church of Tabriz
Mar Sargis Assyrian Church of the East in Skokie, Illinois

Mononym
Sargis of Aïbeg and Serkis
Sargis (Nestorian Patriarch), Patriarch of the Church of the East (860-872)

First name
Sargis I Jaqeli (died 1285), Georgian nobleman of the House of Jaqeli and sovereign Prince
Sargis Barkhudaryan (1887–1973), Armenian composer, pianist and educator
Sargis Hovhannisyan (born 1968), Armenian football player
Sargis Hovsepyan, (born 1972), Armenian football player
Sargis Kakabadze (1886-1967), Georgian historian and philologist
Sargis Karapetyan (born 1990), Armenian football player
Sargis Mehrabyan (died 1943), Armenian military figure
Sargis Pitsak, early 14th century Armenian artist
Sargis Sargsian, (born 1973), former professional tennis player from Armenia
Sargis Tmogveli, late 12th and early 13th century Georgian statesman and writer.
Sargis Yosip, Assyrian bishop from Iraq
Sargis Reshaina, 6th century physician and priest who translated Greek medical works into Syriac
Sargis Bkhira

Last name
Ashur Bet Sargis (born 1949), Assyrian composer and singer
Hayden Sargis, Assyrian soccer player

See also
Serge (given name)
Serj
Sargent (name)

References

Armenian masculine given names
Masculine given names


A staphylococcal infection or staph infection is an infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria.

These bacteria commonly inhabit the skin and nose where they are innocuous, but may enter the body through cuts or abrasions which may be nearly invisible.  Once inside the body, the bacteria may spread to a number of body systems and organs, including the heart, where the toxins produced by the bacteria may cause cardiac arrest.  Once the bacterium has been identified as the cause of the illness, treatment is often in the form of antibiotics and, where possible, drainage of the infected area.  However, many strains of this bacterium have become antibiotic resistant; for those with these kinds of infection, the body's own immune system is the only defense against the disease.  If that system is weakened or compromised, the disease may progress rapidly.  Anyone can contract staph, but pregnant women, children, and people with chronic diseases or who are immuno-deficient are often more susceptible to contracting an infection.

Types

Other infections include:
 Closed-space infections of the fingertips, known as paronychia.
 Suspected involvement in atopic dermatitis (eczema), including related clinical trials.

Coagulase-positive

The main coagulase-positive staphylococcus is Staphylococcus aureus, although not all strains of Staphylococcus aureus are coagulase positive. These bacteria can survive on dry surfaces, increasing the chance of transmission. S. aureus is also implicated in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream. It can also cause a type of septicaemia called pyaemia. The infection can be life-threatening. Problematically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)  has become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. MRSA has also been recognized with increasing frequency in community-acquired infections. The symptoms of a Staph Infection include a collection of pus, such as a boil or furuncle, or abscess. The area is typically tender or painful and may be reddened or swollen.

Coagulase-negative

 S. epidermidis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immune-suppressed patients and those with central venous catheters.
 S. saprophyticus, another coagulase-negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora, is predominantly implicated in uncomplicated lower genitourinary tract infections in young sexually active women.
 Other staphylococcal species have been implicated in human infections, notably S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, and S. caprae.

Causes
Staph infections have a multitude of different causes, such as:

 Open wounds – This is by far the biggest cause of staph infection. Any open wound, even ones as small as a paper cut, are vulnerable to being infected. Staph bacteria will enter the body through any open wound, so it is important to properly treat, disinfect, and bandage any wounds.
 Contact with infected persons or surfaces – Staph infections are very contagious when in contact with a person that is already infected. A person with staph infection is contagious until the bacteria are completely out of their body, and any wounds from the infection are healed. It is common to see the spread of staph in contact sports; i.e. wrestling, through contact in locker rooms, or by sharing any equipment.
 Weakened immune system – Anyone with a weakened immune system for any reason can be more easily affected by staph bacteria, because their bodies are unable to defend against infectious bacteria as well.
 Unwashed linens – Staph bacteria are very resistant under harsh conditions, and they will cling to objects where they can create a niche. Unwashed bath towels, blanket, bed sheets, and clothes can create a great environment for these bacteria to grow. This is important to recognize, because every single day people use linens in their daily lives.
 Infection after surgery – Hospitals are a very common place for staph bacteria to contaminate. This becomes problematic when people are in surgery, because in some cases staph can be introduced to a person's body when an incision is opened.
 Invasive devices – Medical devices that have any connection to organs to the outside of the body are very problematic, because they allow an easy open pathway into the body. Examples of these devices are; catheters, dialysis tubing, feeding tubes, breathing tubes, etc.

Signs and symptoms

Staph infection is typically characterized by redness, pus, swelling, and tenderness in areas of the infection. But, each type of skin infection caused by staph bacteria is different.

A few common skin infections caused by staph bacteria are:

 Boils – Boils are the most common type of staph infection, they are pockets of white pus that start where a hair follicle or oil gland is. The boil is tender and red where the infection is located on the skin.
 Impetigo – Impetigo is most prominent among children, and is usually located around their mouth, nose, hands, and feet. It shows up like a rash of painful blisters, will eventually produce pus that is yellowish in color.
 Cellulitis – Cellulitis is also rash-like; the skin that is infected will be red, swollen, and usually warm to the touch. Cellulitis commonly infects the lower legs, but can also, less commonly, affect the face and arms.
 Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome – Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome is caused by toxins produced when a staph infection gets too severe. It is characterized by a fever, rash, and blisters.
 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) – MRSA is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant strains of staph bacteria. It is more difficult to treat than other staph infections. MRSA causes rashes, boils, sores, and other abscesses.

Bacterial identification

In the microbiology lab, Staphylococcus is mainly suspected when seeing Gram-positive cocci in clusters.

Treatment
Treatment for staph infection varies depending on the type and severity of infection. Common treatments are antibiotics, topical creams, and drainage/cleaning of infectious wounds.

Etymology
The generic name Staphylococcus is derived from the Greek word "staphyle", meaning bunch of grapes, and "kokkos", meaning granule. The bacteria, when seen under a microscope, appear like a branch of grapes or nuts.

Epidemiology
Staphylococcus bacteria is one of the leading community-acquired bacteria. According to the CDC, after a push from hospitals to better prevent staph infections, the percentage of people affected has dropped dramatically. However, staph infections are still prominent and a cause for concern among healthcare professionals, especially new antibiotic-resistant strains. In the U.S., the incidence of staph infection is around 38.2 to 45.7 per 100,000 person-years, whereas other First World countries have an average incidence rate of 10 to 30 per 100,000 person-years.

References

External links

Staphylococcaceae
Bacterial toxins


Janice Vivienne Hadlow (born November 1957) in Lewisham is a former BBC television executive. She was the controller of the BBC television channel BBC Two, taking over this position in November 2008 having previously been controller of BBC Four. At the beginning of March 2014 she assumed a new post within the BBC responsible for special projects and seasons. Hadlow's post was abolished when she left the BBC in 2016.

Early life

Hadlow was educated at comprehensive school in Swanley (now called Orchards Academy), in north Kent, and graduated with a BA in History from King's College London in 1978. She then spent time as a Postgraduate History Researcher at Royal Holloway, University of London (1978–81).

BBC career
Hadlow began her media career with the BBC in 1986 as a production trainee. For two years between 1987 and 1989 she was a producer for BBC Radio 4 in the Current Affairs and Magazines department, where she produced Woman's Hour before moving to television. She worked in the BBC's Music and Arts department between 1993 and 1995 before become joint-head of the History department. One of the television shows she helped to create in this period was Simon Schama's A History of Britain.

In 1999, Hadlow moved to Channel 4 where she became Head of History, Art and Religion, followed by Head of Specialist Factual in 2002 where she commissioned various works, including David Starkey's The Six Wives of Henry VIII series.

As stated by her "Inside BBC" biography, other works she commissioned were "highly successful and award-winning programmes from most factual genres including history, science, arts and religion, including... Elizabeth, The 1940s House, Edwardian Country House, The Boy Whose Skin Fell Off, Operatunity and The Death of Klinghoffer (which won an Emmy)."

She returned to the BBC as Controller of BBC Four after five years and specialised in commissioning programmes concerning factual genres such as history, science and religion. In 2004 The Observer included Hadlow in a list of 80 young people who they believed would shape people's lives in the early 21st Century and in 2006 sister-paper The Guardian praised her for her work over the preceding 18-months at BBC Four.

In 2008, Hadlow became controller of BBC Two, then was joint controller of BBC Two and BBC Four from 2013. In February 2014, she stood down from the post of channel controller taking up a new post responsible for special projects and seasons. She was succeeded by Kim Shillinglaw. Among the decisions taken by Hadlow as controller was the 2013 cancellation of the Golden Globe-nominated and Emmy award-winning BBC drama, The Hour, starring Ben Whishaw, Romola Garai and Dominic West, after its second season. It was announced in January 2016 that Hadlow would be leaving the BBC, and that her post would be abolished.

Writing
Her book, A Royal Experiment: The Private Life of King George III, was published by Henry Holt and Company in October 2014. Her first novel, The Other Bennet Sister, was published in March 2020.

References

External links

 Independent January 2007
 BBC Press Office Biography

|-

1957 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of Royal Holloway, University of London
Fellows of King's College London
BBC executives
BBC Four controllers
BBC Two controllers
People from Oxford
People from Swanley


Clotrimazole, sold under the brand name Lotrimin, among others, is an antifungal medication. It is used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, diaper rash, tinea versicolor, and types of ringworm including athlete's foot and jock itch. It can be taken by mouth or applied as a cream to the skin or in the vagina.

Common side effects when taken by mouth include nausea and itchiness. When applied to the skin, common side effects include redness and a burning sensation. In pregnancy, use on the skin or in the vagina is believed to be safe. There is no evidence of harm when used by mouth during pregnancy but this has been less well studied. When used by mouth, greater care should be taken in those with liver problems. It is in the azole class of medications and works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane.

Clotrimazole was discovered in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

Medical uses
It is commonly available without a prescription in various dosage forms, such as a topical cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository. It is also available as an oral troche or throat lozenge as a prescription only. Topically, clotrimazole is used for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) or yeast infections of the skin. For vulvovaginal candidiasis, clotrimazole tablets and creams are inserted into the vagina. Topical clotrimazole is usually not effective in treatment of fungal infections of the scalp or nails. When using over-the-counter drug clotrimazole products, use should be discontinued if condition does not improve after treatment for 2 weeks for jock itch or after 4 weeks for athlete's foot or ringworm.

Throat lozenge preparations are used for oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) or prevention of oral thrush in people with neutropenia.

Clotrimazole is usually used five times daily for 14 days for oral thrush, twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks for skin infections, and once daily for 3 or 7 days for vaginal infections.

Clotrimazole may be compounded with a glucocorticoid, such as betamethasone, in a topical cream for the treatment of tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch) and tinea pedis (athlete's foot). Although FDA approved, clotrimazole–betamethasone combination cream is not the preferred treatment for dermatophyte infections due to increased side effects from the topical glucocorticoid. Although temporary relief and partial suppression of symptoms may be observed with the combination therapy, glucocorticoids can elicit an immunosuppressive response and rebound effect that results in more severe infection typically requiring systemic antifungal agents to treat the disease. Combination creams are best avoided in order to improve treatment outcome, reduce the possibility of skin atrophy associated with prolonged topical glucocorticoid use, and to limit the cost of treatment. It can be effective in treating chronic paronychia. The preferred treatment of tinea infections is therefore with clotrimazole monotherapy.

Topical clotrimazole cream, when combined with mechanical reduction of the nail, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of onychomycosis - fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails.

Topical and oral clotrimazole can be used in both adults and children.

Additionally, clotrimazole may be used to treat the sickling of cells (related to sickle cell anemia).

It can be taken by mouth as a lozenge or troche or applied as a topical cream to the skin or in the vagina.

Pregnancy
Topical clotrimazole is categorized as pregnancy category B. Small amounts of clotrimazole may be absorbed systemically following topical and vaginal administration. However, topical clotrimazole is still considered safe to use to treat yeast infections in pregnant women and is a safer alternative to other antifungals.

Side effects
Side effects of the oral formulation include itching, nausea, and vomiting. Less than 10% of patients using the oral formulation may have abnormal liver function tests. Side effects include rash, hives, blisters, burning, itching, peeling, redness, swelling, pain or other signs of skin irritation. For this reason, liver function tests should be monitored periodically when taking the oral clotrimazole (troche). When used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), less than 10% of patients have vulvar or vaginal burning sensation. Less than 1% of patients have the following side effects: burning or itching of penis of sexual partner; polyuria; vulvar itching, soreness, edema, or discharge.

Clotrimazole creams and suppositories contain oil which may weaken latex condoms and diaphragms.

For topical formulations, should be used externally and should be discontinued if irritation or sensitivity develops at the site of administration.

Interactions
There are no known significant drug interactions with topical clotrimazole. However, with oral (troche) clotrimazole, there are multiple interactions as the medication is a CYP450 enzyme inhibitor, primarily CYP3A4. Thus, any medication that is metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme will potentially have elevated levels when oral clotrimazole is used. The prescribing physician should be aware of any medication the patient is taking prior to starting oral clotrimazole. Certain medications should not be taken with oral clotrimazole.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics
Clotrimazole is an imidazole derivative which works by inhibiting the growth of individual Candida or fungal cells by altering the permeability of the fungal cell wall. The drug impairs the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of the fungal cell membrane, by inhibiting the P450 enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. Clotrimazole may slow fungal growth or result in fungal cell death.

Sales volume

Clotrimazole is available as a generic medication, and in 2016 Canesten brand Clotrimazole was one of the biggest-selling branded over-the-counter medications sold in Great Britain, with sales of £39.2 million.

References

External links

21-Hydroxylase inhibitors
Aromatase inhibitors
Chloroarenes
CYP2D6 inhibitors
CYP3A4 inhibitors
Merck & Co. brands
Bayer brands
CYP17A1 inhibitors
Imidazole antifungals
Lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors
Phenyl compounds
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World Health Organization essential medicines


Botrytis fabae is a plant pathogen, a fungus that causes chocolate spot disease of broad or fava bean plants, Vicia faba. It was described scientifically by Mexican-born Galician microbiologist Juan Rodríguez Sardiña in 1929.

Symptoms
Chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae manifests itself as small red-brown spots on leaves, stems and flowers of broad bean plants. These enlarge and develop a grey, dead centre with a reddish-brown margin. Spores form on the dead tissue and spread the infection to other plants. In severe infections leaves and flowers may fall and badly affected stems may keel over.

Life cycle
The pathogen survives as sclerotia in the soil or on crop stubble and residues. It can also be introduced by the use of infected seed. The sclerotia germinate and conidiophores are formed, the conidia (asexual spores) are dispersed by air currents and deposited by rain on susceptible young plants. When the conidia germinate, small lesions are formed on previously healthy leaves. As the crop grows and within four or five days of infection, conidiophores are produced and secondary inoculum is produced. The conidia are liberated from dead or dying leaves and flowers, usually those that have fallen to the ground, and are spread to other plants in the vicinity by wind and splashes of water. This secondary spread of infection proceeds most rapidly under cool, humid conditions, the optimum conditions being a temperature between 15 °C and 22 °C and a relative humidity of at least 90%. Under dry conditions the pathogen remains within the limits of the chocolate-coloured spots but under wet conditions the lesions expands aggressively. Alternating wet and dry conditions may lead to spots with a series of concentric growth rings, however during longer periods of wet weather the fungus thrives and the leaf is killed. After harvest the fungus remains in a semi-dormant state in plant debris until the next growing season. Infected seed may be stored with healthy seed and infect a new crop.

Control
Infection can be minimised by the destruction of plant debris at the end of the season, the avoidance of sites recently used for faba bean crops and the selection of cultivars with a high level of resistance to the disease. Fungicides can be used but for best results the crop should be carefully monitored, the pathogen should be accurately identified and the crop sprayed with the correct product at the optimum time. The greatest impact of chocolate spot disease is through the loss of flowers and spraying during the flowering period is likely to achieve the greatest increase in yield.

Distribution
The fungus is widely distributed, having been reported from south-east Asia, Australia, Northeast Africa and South Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and South America.

References

Fungi described in 1929
Fungi of Africa
Fungi of Asia
Fungi of Australia
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Fungi of South America
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Sclerotiniaceae


Mama Rock is a Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band, best known for their hit ballad "Eva".

History

1977 - 1992
History of Mama Rock begins with band Viktorija (not to be confused with Serbian rock singer Viktorija and her support band) whose members were Stojanović brothers, Zoran "Ciga" and Dragomir, and Nikolić brothers, Bane and Mirko, and which won the first place at 1974 Gitarijada music festival. In 1977 drummer Šomi and guitarist Slobodan Krnić joined Stojanović and Nikolić brothers and formed Mama Rock. The same year the band won jury's award at the Gitarijada festival and recorded single with songs "Vranjanka" and "Pismena vežba" which was released through Diskos.

In 1978 the band got new vocalist, Zoran "Stoka" Stojković, a former Istok member, and recorded single with songs "Buđenje u 7" and "Eva" produced by Goran Bregović. In 1979 the band performed at Bijelo Dugme's Rock spektakl '79 held on JNA Stadium and toured with Bijelo Dugme as an opening band. Just before the planned recording of Mama Rock's third single Josip Broz Tito died, and the recording was postponed. The recording started some six months later with the vocalist, Dragan "Nune" Nikolić, as Zoran Stojković had to leave the band due to his army obligations. Single with songs "Život moj" and "Tebi smeta sve" was released in 1981. In 1982 band went on hiatus because all of the members went to serve Yugoslav People's Army.

In 1983 the band reunited and recorded songs which would be released on their first full-length album Pokreni me (Move Me) two years later. In 1987 the band toured with Željko Bebek and Zdravko Čolić and had numerous concerts outside Yugoslavia. At this time Zoran "Ciga" Stojanović and Zoran "Stoka" Stojković remained the only permanent members (Stojanović remaining the only original member) and worked with a number of younger musicians. Mama Rock disbanded at the beginning of Yugoslav wars. Stojanović became a studio musician and Stojković became frontman of the band Riff.

2000 - present
In 2000 the band reunited and released EP Buđenje (Awakening). After celebrating 25 years of existence (although the band made several breaks in their work) in 2002, the band recorded eight songs which were performed during the past years but were never recorded. The songs were released, alongside band's old hits "Buđenje", "Eva" and "Pokreni me", in 2007 on the album The Best Of. In 2007 Mama Rock performed on the Peace Festival, headlined by Glenn Hughes, in Dimitrovgrad, Serbia.

On November 7, 2012, Zoran Stojanović died. He was 59.

Discography

Studio albums
Pokreni me (1985)

EPs
Buđenje (2000)

Compilation albums
The Best Of (2007)

Vinyl singles
"Pismena vežba" / "Vranjanka" (1977)
"Naručiću, mala, buđenje u sedam" / "Eva" (1978)
"Život moj" / "Tebi smeta sve" (1981)

References

Enciklopedija niškog Rock 'n' Rolla 1962 - 2000, Stanojević Vladan;

Serbian rock music groups
Serbian hard rock musical groups
Yugoslav hard rock musical groups
Yugoslav rock music groups
Musical groups from Niš
Musical groups established in 1977


8th Day was an American R&B group from Detroit, Michigan.

History
The Holland–Dozier–Holland (HDH) songwriting team had scored hits in 1970 with the group 100 Proof (Aged in Soul). When the latter's song "Somebody's Been Sleeping in My Bed" became a hit, radio stations also began playing the tune "She's Not Just Another Woman". HDH wanted to release the song as another single but did not want to hurt the sales of "Somebody's Been Sleeping in My Bed", so they released "She's Not Just Another Woman" on Invictus Records under the name 8th Day in 1971. The song, written by Clyde Wilson (a member of 100 Proof who performed under the name of Steve Mancha) and Ronald Dunbar and produced by HDH, became a hit, peaking at No. 11 in the U.S. Billboard chart. The record sold over a million copies and received a gold disc from the Recording Industry Association of America on September 15, 1971.

A second song released under the 8th Day name, "You've Got to Crawl (Before You Walk)", also hit the charts later that year, and so HDH put together an actual group under the name, but their later recordings did not sell nearly as well as the first two, and the group quickly fizzled after a few more minor hits. The group name was resurrected in 1983 for a Brian Holland and Harold Beatty production featuring Virginia “Vee” McDonald and Tyrone Douglas, formerly of The Undisputed Truth. Barrington “Bo” Henderson formerly of The Temptations and Lakeside and member Denzil Broomfield.

Members
Melvin Davis - vocals
Antonio "Tony" Newton - bass
Lyman Woodard - Organ, Keyboards
Larry Hutchison - Guitar
Ron Bykowski -
Michael Anthony - guitar
Bruce Nazarian - guitar, vocals
Jerry Paul - percussion
Lynn Harter -
Carole Stallings - violin
Anita Sherman - vibraphone

Discography

Albums
8th Day (1971)
Media : LP
Label : Invictus
Pressing : ST-7306 U.S.
Charts: U.S. No. 131, U.S. Black Albums No. 42

I Gotta Get Home (Can't Let My Baby Get Lonely) (1973)
Media : LP
Label : Invictus
Pressing : ST-9809 U.S.

The 8th Day (1983)
Media : LP
Label : A&M
Pressing : SP 4942 U.S.

Singles

References

Musical groups from Detroit
Northern soul musicians
American rhythm and blues musical groups


Tong Yuanming (; born April 21, 1972) is a Chinese IM-titled chess player. He was National Chess Champion in 1993.

Tong Yuanming plays for Bank of Qingdao chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).

See also
Chess in China

References

External links
Tong Yuanming - New In Chess. NICBase Online.
FIDE Chess Player card - Individual Calculations

Chessmetrics Career Ratings for Tong Yuanming
Elo rating with world rankings and historical development since 1990 (benoni.de/schach/elo) for Tong Yuanming

1972 births
Living people
Chess players from Jiangsu
Chess International Masters
People from Zhenjiang