The 2008 Florida Republican presidential primary was held on January 29, 2008, with 57 delegates at stake on a winner-take-all basis. The Republican National Committee removed half of Florida's delegates because the state committee moved its Republican primary before February 5.

Arizona Senator and eventual nominee John McCain won the primary with 36% of the vote. As a presidential candidate, former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani concentrated heavily on the Florida primary. After coming in third place behind McCain and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, Giuliani dropped out of the race the following day. McCain's win helped him cement his status as the Republican primary frontrunner.

Campaign
Rudy Giuliani campaigned quite heavily in Florida, which he expected to use as his "launch pad" for a "strong showing" on Super Tuesday. He campaigned almost entirely in Florida, and largely ignored South Carolina and other states voting before February 5.

Giuliani had been campaigning with virtually no opposition; however, following the South Carolina Republican primary, 2008, several candidates flew down to Florida to begin campaigning up to January 29 when the primary occurred.

Polls taken before the primary showed that John McCain was the slight front runner over Mitt Romney. McCain received pivotal endorsements from Florida Governor Charlie Crist and Florida Senator Mel Martínez days before the primary.

Pre-primary polls

As of January 29, RealClearPolitics reported that the average support from polls taken in the days immediately prior to primary day placed McCain slightly in the lead with 30.7%, followed by Romney with 30.1%, Giuliani with 14.7%, Huckabee with 12.9%, and Paul with 3.6%. Former Senator Fred Thompson and Representative Duncan Hunter, though already out of the race, still remained on the ballot in the Florida primary.

Results
On January 29, 2008, McCain prevailed in Florida's Republican presidential primary. McCain's victory in the state was credited to his victories in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, which Giuliani had been expected to perform well in.

* Candidate dropped out of the race prior to primary.

See also
 2008 Florida Democratic presidential primary
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries
 2008 United States presidential election in Florida

References

External links
Election Center 2008:Primary Results for Florida

Florida
2008 Florida elections
2008


The Millar-Wheeler House is a historic home located at 1423 Genesee Street in Utica, Oneida County, New York.  It was built in 1866, and consists of a three-story, square, brick main block and two-story, frame rear wing.  It features an ornate Italianate style entrance portico topped by an oriel window, a low-pitched hipped roof with broad eaves and belvedere, and scrolled brackets.  It is operated as Rosemont Inn, a bed and breakfast.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

References

External links
History of the home, at Rosemont Inn  Bed and Breakfast

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Italianate architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1866
Bed and breakfasts in New York (state)
Houses in Oneida County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Oneida County, New York


David Stuart Holmes Rosenthal (born 1948 in Cambridge, United Kingdom) is a British-American computer scientist.

Biography
Rosenthal is the son of Michael David Holmes Rosenthal and Marjorie Mary "Molly" Rosenthal (both deceased). His brother Mark Geoffrey Thomas Rosenthal ran to be a member of the UK Parliament for Ynys Môn in 2015.

Rosenthal received an MA degree from Trinity College, Cambridge, England, and a PhD from Imperial College, London.
In the 1980s he worked on the Andrew Project at Carnegie Mellon University with James Gosling.
In 1985 he joined Sun Microsystems, and developed the NeWS Network extensible Window System with Gosling and co-authored a book on it.
He developed the Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual (ICCCM) for the X Window System in 1988, and was issued a patent on a security system for X.
In 1993 he became employee #4 and chief scientist at Nvidia, and then joined Vitria Technology in 1996. In 1999 he rejoined Sun and was a distinguished engineer. He became chief scientist for the LOCKSS project, first at Sun and then since 2002 at Stanford University.
His research concerned computer data storage long-term protection techniques.

He holds 23 patents.

References

External links
 DSHR's blog

British emigrants to the United States
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Stanford University staff
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Alumni of Imperial College London
American computer scientists
X Window System people
Nvidia people
Sun Microsystems people
Computer graphics professionals
1948 births
Living people


Ayatollah Seyed Reza Zanjani (born 1902 in Zanjan, died 4 January 1984) was a Shia Iranian cleric who opposed first the autocracy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and then theocracy that was established by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his supporters following the Islamic Revolution.

Reza Zanjani was an Azeri from Zanjan Province in Northwest Iran.  He was active in politics, supporting Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq, and following Mossaddeq's overthrow in the 1953 coup invited nationalist and religious opposition groups to join the National Resistance Movement. In the years before the 1979 Islamic Revolution he is said to have "retained close contacts with the secular National Front as well as the religious-minded Freedom Movement of Iran."  Along with Ayatollahs Golpayegani, Helani, and Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari, he supported Constitutional monarchy for Iran, including the 1906 Constitution's original provisions for committee of Shi'a clerics to approve all legislation.

When the Islamic revolution established a constitution with a Shia jurist as supreme leader, Zanjani opposed it.  In early 1981 he said of the Islamic Republic and its leader:

The monopoly of judicial and theological decision-making established in Iran is contrary to Islam.  The title of Guide and Supreme Guide are not Islamic.  No comparison can there be between the Catholic Church with its hierarchy and structure, and the leadership of the Shi'ites.  Any pretension of this sort is not Islamic.

and

According to the unanimous opinion of the Imami Koranic interpreters and theologians, velayat-e faqih in an unrestricted form based upon the Koranic verse about the ulu al-amr [o believers! Obey those in authority among you. Q4:59] is exclusively reserved for the rightly guided Imams (peace be upon them!) For it does not stand to reason that God, all-Wise, would bestow the powers of the infallible Imam upon fallible human beings.

Zanjani advocated velayat-e faqih or guardianship of jurists where the jurists guarded not by ruling but by vetting bills of the parliament to be sure they were in accordance with Islam.  This was established in article 2 of the Supplement to the 1906/7 Constitution "which, at least in principle, had been in force up to the revolution." It called for committee of five Shi'a clerics to be elected by parliament from a group of 20 mojtaheds.  "Consequently", Zanjani considered the supreme ruling jurist and other jurist control in the Islamic Republic "to be superfluous and harmful..."

He was a very close student of Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi founder of Seminary of Qom and chairman of his Office.

He was strong believer in establishing rapprochement with people of book namely Christianity, and Judaism.

References

1902 births
1984 deaths
Al-Moussawi family
People from Zanjan, Iran
National Front (Iran) politicians
Burials at Fatima Masumeh Shrine


A phytosome is a complex of a natural active ingredient and a phospholipid - mostly lecithin.

It is claimed that phytosome increases absorption of "conventional herbal extracts" or isolated active principles both topically as well as orally.

Complexation with phospholipids has been applied to a number of popular herbal extracts and active molecules including Ginkgo biloba extract, bilobalide isolated from Ginkgo biloba, silybin isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), curcumin isolated from turmeric, and green tea extract (Camellia sinensis).

An attempt to trademark the term in the USA failed on appeal. Legal analysis in the USA held "...Applicant's fatal error, according to the Board, was in using the term as the sole designation for its new product."
At least one dictionary has defined it as "a new term cosmetologists are using for the combination of liposomes ... and plant extracts."

Nevertheless, Phytosome - along with Meriva -  is a registered trademark of Indena S.p.A. in major countries.

Footnotes

Phospholipids


Sir Arthur Watts, KCMG, QC (14 November 1931 – 16 November 2007) was an international lawyer, diplomat and arbitrator. He was employed as a legal adviser at the Foreign Office between 1956 and 1991 being appointed the Chief Legal Adviser to the Foreign Office from 1987 to 1991.

Arthur Watts was educated at Haileybury and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He read Economics and Law at Downing College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn in 1956, while a junior legal adviser at the Foreign Office. Over the period of some 45 years he served on many British negotiating teams abroad, dealing with a host of matters from Antarctic mineral resources to human rights.

As part of his role, in 1973, when Britain had just joined the European Economic Community, he spent four years helping to establish the framework for Britain's relations with the various community bodies in Brussels.

Following the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s Watts became the mediator between the newly established republics as they sought to agree on how to share out the assets, and meet the liabilities, of the old Yugoslavia (1996–2001).

He was a notable legal scholar and published a number of books including Oppenheim's International Law (volume one, 9th edition, with Sir Robert Jennings, 1992), which remains the undisputed authority in the field. He also published Legal Effects of War (4th edition, with Lord McNair, 1966); Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (with C and A Parry and J Grant, 1986); International Law and the Antarctic Treaty System (1992); Self-Determination and Self-Administration, (with Wolfgang Danspeckgruber, 1997); and The International Law Commission 1949–1998 (three volumes, 1999–2000). He was president of the British branch of the International Law Association from 1992 to 1998. 1995 Sir Arthur joint the advisory board of the Liechtenstein Research Program on Self-Determination, Princeton University. In 1997 he was elected a member of the Institut de Droit International. In 2000 he became a founding member of the Board of Advisors to the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University, LISD, at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.

References

External links
Sir Arthur Watts at Cambridge Reception
Obituary of Sir Arthur Watts (The Daily Telegraph)
 Obituary of Sir Arthur Watts(Eritrea Daily)
 Eritrea/Ethiopia and Arbitral Commission's Members and UNEEBC and 25 UNRIAA 83–195 and Award Series
 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award, Tribunal's President H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel, published in XXVII UNRIAA 147–251 and Cambridge 2010 and PCA Award Series and Key Boundaries
 Analysis of Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and Award's Map and Coalter Lathrop Map and 22 IJMCL 7–60 2007 and NILOS and NILOS Online Papers and NILOS New Website and 39 GWILR pp.573–620 2007 No.3 and Full Text and Catalogue
 Kardassopoulos v. Georgia Award and Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) Arbitrations
 Essex Court Chambers
 Sir Franklin Berman KCMG QC Leads Campaign for Sir Arthur Watts Senior Research Fellow in Public International Law of 11 December 2008

1931 births
2007 deaths
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
Members of Gray's Inn
British diplomats
English King's Counsel
International law scholars
Members of the Institut de Droit International
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
20th-century King's Counsel
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst


The Twin Bridges Championship is an annual golf tournament for professional women golfers on the Epson Tour, the LPGA's developmental tour. The event has been played since 1984 and is held in the Albany, New York area.

In 2010 and 2011, the title sponsor was Price Chopper, a chain of supermarkets headquartered in Schenectady, New York. The presenting sponsors in 2012 were SEFCU and Sunmark, credit unions in the Albany area, and Burns-Fazzi, Brock, a credit union benefits consulting company. SEFCU became title sponsor in 2014 and in 2015 Fuccillo Kia with Billy Fuccillo stepped in. In 2019 Capital District Physicians' Health Plan, Inc. (CDPHP) became title sponsor. The venue changed to Pinehaven Country Club and the tournament purse rose to $175,000 in 2021.

The tournament was a 54-hole event, as are most Symetra Tour tournaments, and includes pre-tournament pro-am opportunities, in which local amateur golfers can play with the professional golfers from the Tour as a benefit for local charities.

Tournament names through the years:
2000–2002: Capital Region Futures Classic
2003: GE Futures Professional Golf Classic
2004–2005: The Albany Futures Golf Classic
2006–2009: ILOVENY Championship
2010–2011: Price Chopper Tour Championship
2012: The Credit Union Challenge presented by SEFCU, Sunmark, and BFB Benefits
2013: Credit Union Challenge
2014: SEFCU Championship at Capital Hills
2015–2016: Fuccillo Kia Championship at Capital Hills
2017–2018: Fuccillo Kia Classic of NY
2019–2020: The CDPHP Open
2021–2023: Twin Bridges Championship

Winners

Tournament records

References

External links

Coverage on Epson Tour website
Capital Hills at Albany official website
Western Turnpike Golf Course official website
Orchard Creek Golf Club official website

Symetra Tour events
Golf in New York (state)
Sports in Albany, New York
Recurring sporting events established in 1984


Santanol may refer to either of two isomers of the sesquiterpene alcohol making up sandalwood oil, from Santalum species:

 α-Santalol, the larger fraction, comprising around 55% of sandalwood oil
 β-Santalol, the lesser fraction, comprising around 20% of sandalwood oil


Franciscan Center may refer to:
 Franciscan Center of Baltimore
 Franciscan Center of Tampa


Caniadaeth y Cysegr (; ) is a Christian religious radio programme of congregational hymn-singing, produced in the Welsh language by BBC Radio Cymru. Traditionally broadcast on a Sunday afternoon with R. Alun Evans presenting the hymns, it comprises recorded excerpts from Cymanfaoedd Canu (plural of Cymanfa Ganu or Singing Festival) from across Wales. Largely amateur singers sing in four voice harmony on this program.

The program was first broadcast on the BBC Home Service on 15 February 1942, it is the longest running Welsh language broadcast.

In its archive it has a recording of every hymn in the Welsh hymn book caneuon ffydd.

References

External links
 BBC Radio Cymru - Caniadaeth y Cysegr website

BBC Radio Wales programmes
Religious radio programs
BBC Home Service programmes
1942 radio programme debuts


The Toledo Alliance for the Performing Arts was created in 2019 when the Toledo Symphony Orchestra and the Toledo Ballet merged. Based in Toledo, Ohio, it operated with a $13.2 million budget in its fiscal year 2020 and maintains the two brand names Toledo Symphony (sic) and Toledo Ballet, each with its own website. The orchestra part of TAPA performs at various venues, including the Toledo Museum of Art Peristyle Theater, the Valentine Theatre, the Toledo Club, the Stranahan Theater and some twenty churches and performing arts centers across the region.

History of the orchestra part of TAPA

There were several early attempts to create the Toledo Symphony Orchestra. Arthur W. Kortheuer led an orchestra from 1897-1912 at several venues, including the Valentine Theatre. Successive ensembles briefly appeared in 1913-14 and 1916-17. Lewis H. Clement led an orchestra from 1920-1926, with concerts at Scott High School and other auditoriums. An orchestra performed for two seasons at the Paramount Theater, including a gala concert in May 1940 featuring Lily Pons. The orchestra began formally three years later as the "Friends of Music", giving its first concert on September 28, 1943, at Macomber Vocational High School; Edgar Schenkman was its first conductor, leading 22 musicians in a three-concert season.

Recent history

The orchestra's most recent Principal Conductor and Artistic Advisor was Stefan Sanderling. The orchestra initially appointed him as Principal Guest Conductor, effective with the 2002-2003 season, with a contract of 2 years.  The orchestra subsequently elevated his title to Principal Conductor, and Sanderling remained in the post from 2002 to 2017.  During Sanderling's tenure, the orchestra made its Carnegie Hall debut in May 2011 as part of the 'Spring for Music' festival.

In March 2010, Alain Trudel first guest-conducted the orchestra. He returned to the podium again in April 2017 with Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Symphony, and in June 2017, the orchestra announced the appointment of Trudel as its next Music Director, effective with the 2018-2019 season, with an initial contract of 3 years. He held the title of Music Director Designate during the 2017-2018 season.

List of music directors
 Edgar Schenkman (1943-1946)
 Hans Lange (1946–1949)
 Wolfgang Stresemann (1949-1955)
 Joseph Hawthorne (1955–1963)
 Serge Fournier (1964–1979)
 Joseph Silverstein (1979–1980; interim director)
 Yuval Zaliouk (1980–1989)
 Ole Schmidt (1989–1991; interim director)
 Andrew Massey (1991–2002)
 Stefan Sanderling (2003–2017)
 Alain Trudel (2018–present)

History of the dance part of TAPA
Toledo Ballet was founded in 1939 by Marie Bollinger Vogt. Two years later the first production in the United States of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker ballet took place in Toledo, with an orchestra, the Friends of Music, precursor to the Toledo Symphony. Although only an abridged score was permitted outside Russia at that time, more and more of the score would be released over time, and Toledo Ballet continued to grow its production, so that, to this day, the company holds the record for the longest consecutively running production of this famous work in the nation. In 1958 citizens interested in supporting Toledo Ballet’s mission founded the Toledo Ballet Association, which, in 1963, was incorporated as a non-profit organization.

After a 55-year career as artistic director, Vogt stepped down in 1995. Nigel Burgoine then held the post until 2005. Under him, Toledo Ballet and the Valentine Theatre co-presented international dance companies. Starting in 1998, Open Door to Dance was presented in Northwest Ohio schools. In 1999, First Steps, a dance education program for kindergarteners linking dance and literature, was presented in area Title-I-funded schools. In 2007 Toledo Ballet moved to expanded studio space at Franklin Park Mall, and alumna Lisa Mayer-Lang was appointed school director. During this time the company premiered nine original productions. In 2014 Lang became artistic director, serving until 2022, when dancer, educator and choreographer Eric Otto was appointed artistic director and head of curriculum.

Background to TAPA
After decades-long collaboration, notably on the Nutcracker, the symphony orchestra and ballet company realized more synergies in 2017, in marketing and ticketing. On January 1, 2019, they merged to form the Toledo Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), a non-profit organization dedicated to providing live music and dance performances, as well as education, for the region. The new entity is one of only a few in the nation.  and it promises to integrate the arts through shared missions.

References

Culture of Toledo, Ohio
Musical groups established in 1943
Orchestras based in Ohio
1943 establishments in Ohio


From March 11 to June 3, 1952, delegates were elected to the 1952 Republican National Convention.

The fight for the 1952 Republican nomination was largely between popular General Dwight D. Eisenhower (who succeeded Thomas E. Dewey as the candidate of the party's liberal eastern establishment) and Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, the longtime leader of the conservative wing. Foreign policy during the Cold War was a major point of contention, with Eisenhower taking an interventionist stance and Taft favoring greater caution and avoidance of foreign alliances. Eisenhower tended to accept many of the social welfare aspects of the New Deal, to which Taft was adamantly opposed.

Two other major candidate for the nomination, though never challenging Eisenhower or Taft, were Governor of California and Dewey's 1948 running-mate Earl Warren, and former Governor of Minnesota Harold Stassen, who had contended for the nomination in 1948 as well.

Taft, who was 62 when the campaign began and running his third presidential campaign, freely admitted that this would be his last chance to win the nomination. Taft's weakness, which he was never able to overcome, was the fear of many party bosses that he was too conservative and controversial to win a presidential election. The primaries were ultimately inconclusive, and the nomination was decided by a contest over delegates from Texas and Georgia; led by Dewey and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the Eisenhower campaign won a vote of the whole convention to award the contested delegates to Eisenhower, who carried the first ballot. The episode was reminiscent of the 1912 Republican National Convention forty years prior, where Taft's father won the nomination over Theodore Roosevelt by similar means.

In the general election on November 4, Eisenhower and his running mate, Senator Richard Nixon of California, defeated the Democratic party's ticket of Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois, and Senator John Sparkman of Alabama.

Candidates
The following leaders were candidates for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination:

Major candidates
These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.

Favorite sons
The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.

 Businessman Riley A. Bender of Illinois
 Governor George Theodore Mickelson of South Dakota (Eisenhower surrogate)
Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon
 Representative Thomas H. Werdel of California (Taft surrogate)

Declined to run
The following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.

Senator John W. Bricker of Ohio (ran for re-election)
Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York (endorsed Eisenhower)
Governor Alfred E. Driscoll of New Jersey (endorsed Eisenhower)
Senator James H. Duff of Pennsylvania (endorsed Eisenhower)
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. of Massachusetts (endorsed Eisenhower)
House Minority Leader Joseph W. Martin Jr. of Massachusetts
Senator Kenneth S. Wherry of Nebraska

Polling

National polling

Primaries
Eisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican Convention the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two men, and by the time the convention opened the race for the nomination was still too close to call.

Statewide contests by winner
Statewide contest won by candidates

Italics indicate a write-in candidacy.

Total popular vote results

Primaries total popular vote results:
 Robert A. Taft - 2,794,736 (35.84%)
 Dwight D. Eisenhower - 2,050,708 (26.30%)
 Earl Warren - 1,349,036 (17.30%)
 Harold Stassen - 881,702 (11.31%)
 Thomas H. Werdel - 521,110 (6.68%)
 George T. Mickelson - 63,879 (0.82%)
 Douglas MacArthur - 44,209 (0.57%)
 Grant A. Ritter - 26,208 (0.34%)
 Edward C. Slettedahl - 22,712 (0.29%)
 Riley A. Bender - 22,321 (0.29%)
 Mary E. Kenny - 10,411 (0.13%)
 Wayne L. Morse - 7,105 (0.09%)
 Perry J. Stearns - 2,925 (0.04%)
 William R. Schneider - 580 (0.01%)

Republican National Convention

When the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Governor Dewey and Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., accused Taft of "stealing" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had illegally refused to give delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal "Fair Play". Although Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658–548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates; this decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor. However, the mood at the convention was one of the most bitter and emotional in American history; in one speech Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Governor Dewey on the convention floor and accused him of leading the Republicans "down the road to defeat", and mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates. In the end Eisenhower took the nomination on the first ballot; to heal the wounds caused by the battle he went to Taft's hotel suite and met with him. The Convention then chose young Senator Richard Nixon of California as Eisenhower's running mate; it was felt that Nixon's credentials as a slashing campaigner and anti-Communist would be valuable. Most historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was primarily due to the feeling that he was a "sure winner" against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt he could have won the general election. The balloting at the Republican Convention went: (Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 280–286):

Freshman California Senator Richard Nixon was nominated for Vice President, also with notable Dewey's support. Republican politicians thought that his political experience, aggressive style (he was known as strongly anti-communist) and political base on the West would help political newcomer Eisenhower.

Endorsements

 Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator from Oregon
 Murray Rothbard, Austrian school economist
 Herbert Hoover, former President of the United States

See also
1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Notes

References

Further reading


Francesco Foggia (baptized 17 November 1603 – 8 January 1688) was an Italian Baroque composer.

Biography
Foggia was a boy soprano at the Collegium Germanicum of the Jesuits in Rome, and was a student of Antonio Cifra, and Paolo Agostini. Perhaps his family was in contact with Giovanni Bernardino Nanino, maestro di capella at San Luigi dei Francesi. Later, he was probably employed at the court of the Bavarian Elector Maximilian I in Munich and then again in Vienna.

He served in various churches in Rome as maestro di capella and infrequently as an organist. From October 1634 he served for two years at the chapel of St. Mary in Trastevere; from December 1646 to 1661 he was Kapellmeister of the Patriarchal Basilica of St. John Lateran. In 1667, while music director of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso, he published a collection, Psalmodia Vespertina, containing psalms, Magnificats, and Marian antiphons. From 1677 until his death, he was chapel master at the papal basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, and while there published his valedictory Offertoria (1681). That publication has been linked to Palestrina's of about a century before. His son Antonio succeeded him in the same position at Santa Maria Maggiore. His wife Eugenia died on 12 March 1683; Foggia died on 8 January 1688 and was buried in the church of Santa Prassede in Rome.

Works (selection)
Foggia's works were known outside the areas he worked - Italy, Munich and Vienna. For example, while he never worked in France, 7 of Foggia's motets survive in a collection by Danican Philidor, along with motets by Carissimi, Daniel Danielis, Pierre Robert and Lully.
Beatus ille servus, 4-part motet for men's chorus and basso continuo, Braun-Peretti Bonn 1984
Beatus vir qui timet dominum, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben, edited by C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Celebrate o fideles (1646), Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Cessate, deh, Cessate for soprano and basso continuo, Cantio Sacra, vol. 38, ed. Rudolf Ewerhart, Verlag Edmund Bieler Köln 1976
Confitebor tibi domine, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben, edited by C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
David fugiens a facie Saul, oratorio
De valle lacrimarum for soloists and basso continuo, Cantio Sacra, vol. 28, ed. Rudolf Ewerhart, Verlag Edmund Bieler Köln
Dixit Dominus Domino meo, C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Domine quinque talenta, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Egredimini addicte Christi nomini, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Eccelsi lumini cultures, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Exultantes et laetantes, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Gaudete jubilate o gentes, C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Hodie apparuerunt voluptates, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Laetamini cum Jerusalem, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Laeta nobis refulget dies, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Laetantes canite diem laetitia, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben, edited by C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2008
Laetatus sum in his, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben
Laudate Dominum omnes gentes, Manuscript in the papers of Gustav Düben, edited by C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Laudate Pueri Dominum, C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Magnificat for 5 voices and basso continuo
Magnificat concertata con instromenti di 6 tono for 9-voice choir and instruments, C. Hofius Ammerbuch, 2007
Quare suspiras in dolore anima mea
Serve bone et fidelis
Tobiae oratorium, oratorio
Victoria Passionis Christi, oratorio

Further reading

Carl Fassbender: Francesco Foggia (1604-1688): Untersuchungen zu seinem Leben und zu seinem Motettenschaffen, dissertation. Bonn, 1980
Gunther Morche: Francesco Foggia: Sein Beitrag zur konzertierenden Motette, in: Musica e musicisti nel Lazio, Fondazione Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Palestrina 1998

External links

Italian Baroque composers
Italian Baroque
1603 births
1688 deaths
Italian male classical composers
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
17th-century Italian composers
17th-century male musicians


Margaret Tisdall (8 January 1906 – 30 April 1979), better known by her stage name Peggy Dell, was an Irish singer and pianist who became a popular music hall entertainer.

Born in Dublin, Tisdall made her first public appearance as a pianist at the age of nine at the Olympia Theatre, where her father played flute with the pit orchestra. Later, at the age of 13, she was employed by Woolworths to play at their store in Grafton Street in order to improve the sales of sheet music.

While still in her teens Tisdall formed her own band which played at various Dublin venues, such as the Theatre Royal and the Capitol Theatre. In the 1930s, Tisdall toured England with Roy Fox and his band, during which time she adopted the stage name, Peggy Dell. Later, she performed in the United States as the lead singer with the Jack Hylton band. Following the outbreak of World War II she returned to Ireland and re-established herself as a popular musician and entertainer there. She played and sang at dances, performed in revues, and acted in pantomimes.

By the end of the 1960s, due to the closure of several major Dublin theatres and the advent of television, Dell's career had gone into decline. Then, in 1973, Gay Byrne asked her to take part in a special edition of The Late Late Show in honour of actor Noel Purcell. Viewer reaction was so positive that she was given her own TV series on RTÉ called Peg O' My Heart. In February 1975, she won a Jacob's Award for the programme. From then until her death, Dell enjoyed renewed success as an entertainer, performing regularly on radio and television, as well as making live appearances. In 1975 she released an album entitled Among My Souvenirs.

Peggy Dell never married. She died in Dublin aged 73 and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

References

External links

1906 births
1979 deaths
Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery
Irish television personalities
Jacob's Award winners
Music hall performers
20th-century Irish women singers
20th-century Irish pianists
20th-century women pianists
Musicians from County Dublin
Broadcasters from County Dublin


Museum theatre is the use of theatre and theatrical techniques by a museum for educational, informative, and entertainment purposes.  It can also be used in a zoo, an aquarium, an art gallery, and at historic sites. It is generally performed by professional actors.  Varieties of museum theatre include historical characters, puppetry, movement and music.

Overview
Actors portraying historical characters perform in first person, as if he or she were an actual person from the era or culture he or she is representing.  With puppetry, actors can tell stories, create multiple characters, and portray a variety of cultures.

Theatrical techniques can be used for third-person interpretation, where an actor or trained presenter uses costumes, props. lighting, or special effects to convey historical or scientific facts, without necessarily portraying a character.

Museum theatre pioneers include the Science Museum of Minnesota, the Museum of Science, Boston, the National Gallery of Art, and the Philadelphia Zoo.

The Theatre in Museums Workshop, begun in 1983 at the Science Museum of Minnesota, is an annual event now held at The Children's Museum of Indianapolis.  It provides all the basic information needed to start a theatre program, and an opportunity to develop scripts under the guidance of experienced museum theatre practitioners.

First-person interpretation

First-person interpretation is an increasingly popular way of creating a full-body experience for museum visitors by giving them the opportunity to interact with the past through actors and interpreters.

Historical character interpretation is increasingly becoming the way all first-person interpretation is performed because it adds a high degree of authenticity to a given museum performance or interpretation. This movement corresponds with the increase in focus on the educational benefit of the museum to the visitor as opposed to the previously held belief that the visitor is a secondary concern to the objects. While this has been a strong movement since about 1980, the concern for accuracy and consequent focus on portraying real people is a marker that can be interpreted as a new stage.

One of the main ways that museum theatre differs from museum interpretation is in the degree of disbelief involved in the performance; representing a historical figure requires less suspension of disbelief because the audience knows that the character being represented did exist. It is easier for an audience to believe that the performer is accurately representing a figure that they themselves can verify existed.

The portrayal of a historical character in a museum environment as opposed to a traditional theatrical space is hard to define. The main distinction is perhaps that the actor in the museum environment must be prepared to interact with the audience, while the stage actor is not expected to know much about his character beyond what is developed on-stage. While acting the characters are subject to similar acting conventions, the museum actor must be prepared to answer to his audience face-to-face. The final distinction to be made is that the portrayal of a historical character is a performance of living history, as opposed to museum theatre. In taking on the identity of a person who truly lived, you are expected to become that person, which involves answering to that person’s actions, ideologies, and life experiences.

Second-person interpretation
Second-person interpretation is a newer form of interpretation in which visitors participate in programming and hands-on activities, as opposed to only engaging in dialogue with interpreters. It is employed most often in living history museums and can be used in conjunction with first- or third-person interpretation. Common hands-on activities include candle-dipping, butter churning, weaving on a loom, and musket loading. This form of second-person interpretation does not necessarily require the visitor to adopt a character or pretend to be part of the past. In another form, more similar to participatory theatre, visitors are invited to adopt a character and interact with interpreters as that character. One example is the "Follow the North Star" program at Conner Prairie Interactive History Park in Indiana, where visitors pretend to be fugitive slaves as a way of learning about the Underground Railroad. Often, such interactions are carefully facilitated so that a desired outcome is achieved, but sometimes visitors are allowed to make their own choices regardless of the historical record. Allowing visitors to portray prominent historical figures and make their own choices is done less frequently because of concerns over historical accuracy. Many educators support role-playing as a way for visitors to learn by doing, think critically about history, and make personal connections between history and their own lives.

Demonstration

Demonstration is a form of museum interpretation that has been used in museums, historic sites, zoos, and aquaria for decades. Demonstration is a way to illustrate activities such as historical craft-making and concepts like scientific principles. It is also a way to contextualize a museum object or artifact. In a demonstration, the demonstrator generally explains the activity or concept using something "real" like an object or animal. In traditional demonstrations, the demonstrators generally do not assume to be anyone else (characterization might be involved in more theatrical demonstrations). One example of a demonstration is fish feeding at the New England Aquarium, in which visitors watch a diver feed fish while listening to a volunteer explain the process. Another example is the lightning presentation at the Museum of Science, Boston during which visitors watch lightning flashes produced by a Van de Graaff generator. There is a great deal of overlap between demonstration and theatre. Theatrical techniques such as characterization, costume, narrative, and special effects are often used to enliven demonstration and draw visitor attention. Some museums, such as Science Museum in London, classify demonstration as a form of museum theatre, while other museums, such as the Science Museum of Minnesota, use actors to present demonstrations. Demonstration may also serve as a component of a museum play or theatre piece. However, differences remain between the conventions of demonstration and the conventions of theatre. In her book Exploring Museum Theatre, Tessa Bridal warns museums against promoting a demonstration as a theatre performance, as it may cause visitor confusion or disappointment. Yet like museum theatre and other forms of live interpretation, demonstration aims to engage visitors, to create interest in a topic, to serve as an alternative to lists of facts and static exhibitions, and to provoke an emotional response that leads to learning.

Storytelling
Storytelling is a discipline that has a history as long as the human race. Storytellers inhabit the characters of the tale, while still maintaining the status as narrator of the events, they are both first person and third person perspectives in one.  Storytelling can help bring historical and cultural context to works of art, dinosaur bones, scientific and historical objects. For this reason some museums will hire a contract storyteller to add depth and experience to exhibitions or programs by spinning children's tales, appearing as a costume character to aid in an immersive environment and to aid in depicting different cultures by sharing traditions, histories, folklore and myths.

Museum theatre often adapts the archetypal storyteller to a character embodied by a trained and scripted actor. It is important to note that part of the art of storytelling is the development of the storyteller's persona and their unique style of performing, which is similar to the creation of a character intrinsic to the acting discipline and the Theatre genre. Some purists believe that creating a theatrical piece embodying the stories and myths of a culture without the native storyteller present, is a perversion and denigration of cultural patrimony. However, professionals in museum theatre believe that the most important part of creating meaningful experiences using others' stories is that the stories and the culture they represent are handled with respect and every effort is made to portray them accurately.

Despite some detractors museums are beginning to integrate many aspects of museum theatre into their daily programming schedule.  This is probably due to recently scholarly discourse in the field of museum education that links multi-sensory experiences like storytelling with effective learning in children and adults. Storytelling is a particularly effective type of museum theatre because children's cognitive and empathetic abilities are increased when they are asked to listen and follow the sequence of events presented by storytellers. To quote Catherine Hughes,

Dance/music performance

Dance and music performance within museum theatre take on many different forms. While they can be used separately, dance and music are also used in conjunction with other forms of museum theatre, including each other, to enhance the visitor’s experience. Music as either an instrumental or vocal performance should be performed by qualified performers. The same goes for a dance performance that is either choreographed or improvised. However, in other circumstances, such as after a performance or in a special program, music and dance can be explored by the visitor in a more participatory way. This helps to enhance their understanding and interpretation of the ideas and concepts the museum is trying to encourage.

Even within a performance museums use music and dance in different ways. Music has been used as a cultural performance to show and explore different cultures through the use of music. In other cases music performance has been used to help visitors discover more about the music and instruments themselves, such as the Exploratorium, in San Francisco. They held a series of informal concerts at which, after the musician gave his or her performance, the audience were given the opportunity to converse with the musician and ask question. Dance performance, presented on its own is unusual. It is often used in addition to or as a part of another museum theatre piece. There are however a few sole dance performances in museums. The Weisman holds a performance entitled Eddy that uses the museum building itself as the stage. To help visitors look at the building differently, the dancers move through the space walking up walls, using the elevator as a dance floor, and other unusual ways. The museum wants the visitor to appreciate not only the exhibits in the museum, but the building itself.

When used together dance and music provide another opportunity for museums to educate. A good example of this is The Ballad of Chico Mendes. The Museum of Science, in Boston used choreographed dance and music, both as song and for background, to teach visitors about the battle for the rainforest through the life of Chico Mendes, a rubber tapper. Not only did they perform this in the museum, but latter took it “on the road” to schools in the area.

Using dance and music in museum theatre allows the museum to evoke greater emotion within a performance, connecting to the visitor on a different level. Music especially helps to set the stage of not only a musical or dance performance, but more traditional theatre and program pieces as well.

References

Further reading

Museums in popular culture
Museum education
Theatre
Heritage interpretation


Kathleen Quinn Abernathy (born 1956) is an American telecommunications technology executive and lawyer who served as a Commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 2001 to 2005.  Following government service, she joined the board of Frontier Communications while also returning to the practice of law.  In 2010, she became a senior executive at Frontier and she served variously as Chief Legal Officer, Executive Vice President of External Affairs and Chair, America's Best Communities Prize Competition. In 2012, she joined the board of ISO New England, a regional energy transmission organization.  She graduated from Marquette University magna cum laude, and from Catholic University's Columbus School of Law. She also served as an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University and Catholic University's Columbus School of Law.

Early career
Prior to her appointment to the Federal Communications Commission, Abernathy was Vice President of Public Policy at BroadBand Office Communications; a partner at the law firm of Wilkinson Barker Knauer LLP; Vice President for Regulatory  Affairs at U S WEST; and Vice President for Federal Regulatory  Affairs at AirTouch. Earlier in her career, she was a  Legal Advisor to FCC Chairman James H. Quello, Legal Advisor to Commissioner Sherrie P. Marshall, and Special Assistant to the FCC General Counsel.

FCC appointment
Abernathy was nominated to the FCC by President George W. Bush on May 1, 2001. She was sworn on May 31, 2001, and served until December 9, 2005.  During her tenure, Abernathy chaired the Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service and participated in numerous international bilateral and multilateral negotiations, including the 2002 ITU Plenipotentiary Conference and the 2003 ITU World Radiocommunications Conference. She also was appointed and served as Chair of the 2004 ITU Global Symposium for Regulators.

Family
Abernathy is married and has one daughter.

References

External links

Members of the Federal Communications Commission
1956 births
Living people
Marquette University alumni
Columbus School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Louisville, Kentucky


Dal is a railway station located in Dal in Eidsvoll, Norway. The station is located upon the Trunk Line and was opened in 1854. The station is served by commuter trains with hourly services to Oslo Central Station and Drammen Station, a service which Dal functions as the terminal station for.

External links
 Jernbaneverket's page on Dal

Railway stations in Eidsvoll
Railway stations on the Trunk Line
Railway stations in Norway opened in 1854
1854 establishments in Norway


Beaucourt-en-Santerre (, literally Beaucourt in Santerre) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated  southeast of Amiens on the D28 and D934 junction

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Tina Parekh (born 1979) is an Indian Television actress and voice actress. She is best known for her roles as Shruti Om Agarwal in Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii, as Mukti Deshmukh in Kasautii Zindagii Kay and as Melissa in Khichdi and Instant Khichdi. She played Mihir Mishra's mom in the commercial advertisement of BSNL B-fone.

Filmography

Television

Dubbing roles

Live action films

Awards
 Indian Telly Award 2006 Best Actress in Supporting Role - Kasautii Zindagii Kay
 Sinsui TV Award 2006 Best Actress in Supporting Role - Kasautii Zindagii Kay

References

External links

20th-century Indian actresses
Indian television actresses
Indian film actresses
Female models from Rajasthan
Indian women television presenters
Indian television presenters
Indian voice actresses
Living people
Actresses from Jaipur
Actresses in Hindi television
1979 births


St. Hippolyte's Priory was a Benedictine priory in the village of Saint-Hippolyte in the Haut-Rhin department, Alsace, France.

It was founded in 760, on an estate then called Audoaldovillare, by Saint Fulrad, a powerful politician, diplomat, landowner and churchman, also abbot of St. Denis' Abbey, who is often said to have been born in Saint-Hippolyte. He also obtained from Pope Stephen II the relics of Saint Hippolytus, after whom the new priory was named, and in due course also the village.

St. Hippolyte's was at first a cell of Lièpvre Priory, founded by Fulrad at the same time, but soon became a priory dependent on the abbey of Saint-Denis.

References
 Baquol, Jacques, 1865 (reprint 1976): L'Alsace ancienne et moderne ou dictionnaire topographique, historique et statistique du Haut-Rhin et du Bas-Rhin (3rd edition, revised by Paul Ristelhuber). Salomon, np
 Aubé, Jean-Paul: Saint-Hippolyte au XVIe et XVIIe siècle d'après les archives conservées à Nancy in Ducs de Lorraine: territoires et possessions (Revue d'Alsace, 2003), p. 155-193
 Fleckenstein, Josef, 1957: Fulrad von Saint-Denis und der fränkische Ausgriff in den süddeutschen Raum in G. Tellenbach, Studien und Vorarbeiten zur Geschichte des fränkischen und frühdeutschen Adels, p. 9-39. Freiburg-im-Breisgau

Buildings and structures in Haut-Rhin
Benedictine monasteries in France
8th-century establishments in Francia
Christian monasteries established in the 8th century
Churches completed in 760


Technogamia, or the Marriages of the Arts is a Jacobean era stage play, an allegory written by Barten Holyday that was first performed and published in 1618.

Performances
Technogamia was first staged on 13 February 1618 by the students of Christ Church, Oxford in Christ Church Hall. An academic play as opposed to the popular theatre of the time, Technogamia was a significant instance in the move away from the Latin language to English in academic drama – an evolution that was ongoing in its era, as marked by plays like Lingua, Albumazar, and Pathomachia.

Technogamia was revived for a Court performance on 26 August 1621, when it was staged for King James I at Woodstock Palace. James did not enjoy the performance, however, and more than once was ready to walk out, though he was prevailed upon to stay to the end for the sake of the young actors. This lack of success provoked some mockery; Barten Holyday earned the nickname "half Holyday," and satirical poems on the matter circulated in both universities. (Verses on the subject by Peter Heylin are most often cited in the critical literature.)

(James, who hated smoking and wrote A Counterblaste to Tobacco, could not have been pleased that the play included a song in praise of the habit. It begins,

Tobacco's a musician,
And in the pipe delighteth,
It descends in a close
Through the organs of the nose
With a relish that inviteth...

— and continues in the same vein, comparing tobacco to a lawyer, a physician, a traveller, a critic and other figures.)

Publication
The play was published in 1618, in a quarto printed by William Stansby for the bookseller John Parker. A second quarto was issued in 1630, printed by John Haviland for Richard Meighen.

Genre
The allegorical form, so extensively employed in Medieval literature, was decidedly old-fashioned by the early 17th century; yet a few writers were still exploiting its potentials in the early Stuart era. In addition to Thomas Tomkis's Lingua, and Pathomachia (probably also by Tomkis), cited above, a list of allegorical plays from Holyday's period could include Nabbes's Microcosmus, Randolph's The Muses' Looking Glass, and William Strode's The Floating Island.

In Technogamia, Holyday attempts to apply the hoary old form of allegory in what was, for his generation, a rather "modern" way. One of the play's primary themes is the defence of Geometres and Astronomia against Magus and his spouse Astrologia – a defence of the emerging scientific world view against the superstitions of prior historical ages.

The allegory
Holyday's lengthy and detailed allegory is concerned with the relationships among the arts and sciences of his era, all of which are personified in fashions typical of the allegorical form. The abstractions include:

 Physica and her daughter Astronomia
 Ethicus and his wife Economa
 Polites the magistrate
 the traveller Geographicus and his servant Phantastes
 Logicus and his servant Phegmaticus
 Grammaticus the schoolmaster and Choler his usher
 Medicus and his servant Sanguis
 Poeta and his servant Melancholico

— plus Arithmetica, Geometres, Musica, Historia, and others. Among the play's villains are the above-mentioned Magus and Astrologia, plus Ceiromantes (from chiromancy or palmistry) and Physiognomus (from physiognomy), two gypsy cheats. The characters' names and the disciplines they represent are for the most part self-evident – though some of the servants derive from the traditional theory of the Four Temperaments.

Astronomia is the play's heroine, pursued in different ways by Poeta, Geographicus, and Geometres. But Historia longs to unite with Poeta; Grammaticus pursues Rhetorica, though she prefers Logicus. Amid a confusion of cross purposes, the figures seek out allies in their amorous quests: Poeta is naturally aided by the Muses, while Magus backs Geometres, and Polites helps Geographicus while struggling to maintain peace and order. The Gypsies pick Poeta's pockets, though they gain nothing but copies of Anacreon and Horace. They are punished for their crime with branding – predictably enough, Physiognomus is branded on the face, and Ceiromantes on the hand. Magus and Astrologia are banished from the community of the sciences after they try to strangle Astronomia. Some couples are united: Geographicus marries Astronomia (and fires his servant Phantastes); Melancholico marries Musica (and Phantastes gets a job in their household). The cold-hearted Logicus remains a bachelor and becomes Polites' assistant, and order is restored to the sciences once again.

The figures were lavishly costumed, as the text specifies. [See Lingua for comparable lushness in costuming.] Astronomia is outfitted in "white gloves and pumps, an azure gown, and a mantle seeded with stars; on her head a tiara, bearing on the front seven stars, and behind stars promiscuously; on the right side, the sun; on the left, the moon." Sanguis is dressed appropriately in red; on the front of his suit is pictured a man with a bleeding nose, and on the back an image of bloodletting from an arm. The tobacco-loving Phlegmaticus wears a "pale russet suit" adorned with tobacco pipes and paraphernalia and a can of drink (not an anachronism: there were "cans", or "cannikins," of beer at the time).

Critical responses
Holyday's text is rich and dense with contemporary allusions and references. Scholars, critics, and commentators have exploited its particular features for insight on literary questions, word usage, Jacobean customs...even the development of cartography and advertising.

References

English Renaissance plays
1618 plays


Michael "Mikel" Hennet Sotomayor (born 20 January 1983) is a member of the boyband D'NASH. He is known simply as Mikel and is the romantic of the band, as well as the child of the group. Mikel studied audio-visual communications in the United Kingdom. He has experience as a model and salsa dancer.

D'Nash

In 2006 Michael formed a band named D'Nash with friends Esteban Piñero Camacho, Francisco Javier Álvarez Colinet and Antonio Martos Ortiz. They are the first Spanish boy band ever.

In 2008, it was announced that Antonio Martos Ortiz would be pursuing a career in theatre. The three remaining members continued until the band broke up in 2013, following poor sales of a new album.

Discography

Studio albums
 2006: Capaz de Todo
 2007–2008: Todo Va a Cambiar
 2013: Garabatos

External links

 Official D'Nash Fan Website

1983 births
Living people
People from Puerto de la Cruz
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Spain
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2007
21st-century Spanish singers
21st-century Spanish male singers


Claudia Louise Morgan (June 12, 1911 – September 17, 1974) was an American film, television, and radio actress. She was best known for debuting the role of Vera Claythorne in the first Broadway production of Agatha Christie's Ten Little Indians and for her portrayal of Nora Charles on the 1940s radio series, The Adventures of the Thin Man.

Early years
Morgan was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1911 to actors Ralph Morgan ( Raphael Kuhner Wuppermann) and Grace Arnold ( Georgiana Louise Iverson). Some sources indicate she was born Claudia (or Claudeigh) Louise Wuppermann, but other sources indicate her father had already changed his surname to Morgan by the time of her birth. Actor Frank Morgan was her uncle. She attended Ely Court School in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Stage
A member of the cast of more than 30 Broadway plays, Morgan starred in The Man Who Came to Dinner and Ten Little Indians. She eventually was dismissed from her role in Ten Little Indians because her work in The Adventures of the Thin Man on radio caused a delay in the stage production every Friday night. She also appeared in The Apple Cart, and The Sun Field.

Film/Television
Morgan's first film role was in 1932, and her last was in 1964 (The World of Henry Orient). She appeared on Kraft Television Theatre and Robert Montgomery Presents.

Radio
Morgan was known for playing Nora Charles in The Adventures of the Thin Man. She was married to radio announcer and actor Ernest Chappell, and performed with him on the late 1940s radio program, Quiet Please. In 1941, she joined the cast of The O'Neills, in the role of Laura Penway. She was also a regular on Ford Theatre, David Harum, Joyce Jordan, M.D.,  Lone Journey, We Love and Learn, and The Right to Happiness.

Personal life
Morgan was married five times; all of the unions were childless. In 1931, she married Talbott Cummings. They had been married only about a year when she sought a divorce. She wed aviator Robert Shippee on July 22, 1934; that marriage also ended in divorce. She married Charles H. Horburg Jr. on May 14, 1937; the couple divorced in 1938. She married Phil Ormsby, an actor and architect, on August 2, 1938. She was survived by her fifth husband, Kenneth Loane.

Death
Morgan died in New York City on September 17, 1974, aged 63, from undisclosed causes. She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York (Section 168, Lot 14447 Wupperman Family Plot).

Radio appearances

References

External links

Claudia Morgan portrait gallery, digitalcollections.nypl.org; accessed May 4, 2017.

1911 births
1974 deaths
American film actresses
American radio actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from New York City
20th-century American actresses


Salem High School is a public high school located in Salem, Indiana. It is a class 3A school with an approximate enrollment of around 638 as of 2007.  Salem High School is a part of the Salem Community School corporation, which is a Standard Bearer District. The school colors are black and gold. Salem High School's newspaper is called The Cub and the yearbook is called The Lyon.

Athletics
Salem High School's athletic teams are the Lions and they compete in the Mid-Southern Conference of Indiana. The school offers a wide range of athletics including:

Baseball
Basketball (Men's and Women's)
Cheerleading
Cross Country (Men's and Women's)
Football
Golf (Men's and Women's)
Soccer (Men's and Women's)
Softball
Swimming (Men's and Women's)
Tennis (Men's and Women's)
Track (Men's and Women's)
Volleyball
Wrestling

See also
 List of high schools in Indiana
 Mid-Southern Conference of Indiana
 Salem, Indiana

References

External links
 Salem High School Official website

Public high schools in Indiana
Schools in Washington County, Indiana


Zédel was a Swiss automobile manufacturer established in 1901 by Ernest Zürcher and Herman Lüthi.   The name of the company was created by combining the first letters of the founders' names, "Z" and "L".

During the early years of the twentieth century a factory was set up across the frontier in France, and the Swiss operation was closed a few years later, so that from around 1905 the business had become, in effect, a French one.

History
The company's origins go back to 1896 when Ernest Zürcher (known in German language sources as Ernst Zürcher) set up a workshop in Neuchâtel and in 1897 became the first Swiss producer of motorcycle engines.   He was commercially successful, and on 4 January 1901, with Hermann Lüthi, he founded the company "Zürcher & Lüthi & Cie SA" at nearby Saint-Aubin-Sauges.   On 21 March 1902 Hermann Lüthi withdrew from the business which was now renamed as "SA Fabrique de Moteurs et de Machines ZL".

In 1903 the company established a production facility in Pontarlier, between Lausanne and Besançon and, importantly, on the French side of the frontier.   The location was chosen in order to avoid the tariff barriers that protected French manufacturers from Swiss imports.  Shortly after this, on 30 June 1905, Zürcher closed the Swiss production facility at Saint-Aubin-Sauges.   Establishing production in France also gave Zedel direct access to experienced automotive engineers and technicians in France which was at this time still, in terms of output, the world's leading automobile producer.   By 1906 (and possibly a little earlier), Zedel was producing automobiles (known as Zedels) at Pontarlier.  By 1914 about 400 units had been produced.

Swiss production of engines, motor bikes and automobiles resumed briefly from 11 November 1907 when Zürcher appointed a Swiss engineer called Samuel Graf as director of the company's Swiss affiliate and the Saint-Aubin-Sauges facility was reopened.  However, Swiss production came to an end again in 1908.

In 1919, the company was taken over by Jérôme Donnet, an automobile pioneer who had prospered during the war as a producer of flying boats.  The company became known as Donnet-Zédel, although in October 1919 they were still exhibiting at the Paris Motor Show under the "Zedel" name.   For 1920 the manufacturer was offering a 4-cylinder 2742cc engined car with a  wheelbase, priced in bare chassis form at 14,000 francs.   Also offered were a torpedo bodied car with 4/6 seats from 21,000 francs and a saloon/sedan style closed bodied "conduite intérieure" version at 26,000 francs.

Sources and notes

See also
Donnet
Simca

Car manufacturers of Switzerland
Swiss companies established in 1901


Utricularia platensis is a medium or large-sized perennial suspended aquatic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. platensis is endemic to South America.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of South America
Flora of Argentina
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Paraguay
Flora of Uruguay
platensis
Taxa named by Carlo Luigi Spegazzini


Patrick Aloysius Meehan (1852 – 10 May 1913) was an Irish Parliamentary Party MP for Leix Division of Queen's County, Ireland in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the 1906 election until his death. He was succeeded as MP by his son Patrick Joseph Meehan, a solicitor, who was returned unopposed to the constituency.

Meehan married in 1874 and had eight sons and two daughters. His profession was a wine and spirit merchant.

In May 1880 he was chairman of Maryborough Town Commissioners where he helped set up the local Land League. He subsequently joined the National Land League.

He was a member of the Committee of Management of Queen's County Asylum and chairman of the county council of Queen's County. In addition he held the chairs of the
Committee of Agriculture and Technical Instruction
Queen's County Infirmary Committee.

References

External links

Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Queen's County constituencies (1801–1922)
1852 births
1913 deaths
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918


Kingsbury School may refer to:

United Kingdom

 Kingsbury High School, a comprehensive school in Kingsbury, London
 Kingsbury School, Warwickshire, a comprehensive school in Kingsbury, Warwickshire
 Kingsbury School and Sports College, a comprehensive school in Birmingham

United States

 Kingsbury High School, Tennessee, a high school in Shelby County Schools (Tennessee) in Memphis, Tennessee


The following article presents a summary of the 1950 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 49th season of competitive football in the country.

Torneio Rio-São Paulo

Final Standings

Corinthians declared as the Torneio Rio-São Paulo champions.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

Palmeiras declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Other competition champions

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1950.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1950 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


Jetalpur is a town in the Ahmedabad district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the location of a Swaminarayan temple commissioned by Swaminarayan himself.

An engineering college named Narnarayan Shastri Institute of Technology is situated in Jetalpur.

References

 Map of Gujarat with Jetalpur marked on it

Swaminarayan Sampradaya
Cities and towns in Ahmedabad district


Sir Richard Onslow (1601 – 19 May 1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1628 and 1664.  He fought on the Parliamentary side during the English Civil War. He was the grandson of one Speaker of the House of Commons and the grandfather of another, both also called Richard Onslow.

Life

Young life
Onslow was the younger son of Sir Edward Onslow of Knowle (in Cranleigh), Surrey, and his wife Isabel (Elizabeth), daughter of Sir Thomas Shirley of Wiston, West Sussex. He was baptized on 30 July 1601. He had an elder brother Thomas (the heir), and three sisters. His father died in 1615, appointing Elizabeth his executrix and residuary legatee. To Richard was bequeathed an annuity of £100 per annum from manors and estates in Gloucestershire.

The manor of Bramley (with lands in Bramley, Shalford, Wonersh and Dunsfold), was left in the hands of overseers to provide annuities for the sisters in their minorities, and then to be sold by them, with an option for Thomas Onslow to purchase for £2000 within three years. On 10 September 1616 Thomas Onslow and his mother settled the manors of Cranleigh, Knowle, Holdhurst and Utworth (lying also in Guildford, Hascombe and Cranleigh) on his intended marriage with Mary daughter of Sir Samuel Lennard. However he died childless in December 1616, possibly before the marriage itself took place. Richard's three sisters, all unmarried at their father's death, proceeded to respectable marriages.

Richard matriculated as a Fellow-Commoner at Jesus College, Cambridge in 1617, and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn in 1618. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur Strangways, produced his first child by 1621, and was knighted on 2 June 1624. In 1628 he was elected Member of Parliament for Surrey, and sat until 1629 when King Charles I began to rule without parliament for eleven years. In 1630 his mother Elizabeth died leaving him all her freehold land and the residue of her estate, and giving a silver chafing-dish to Richard's wife. In November 1638 he was a deputy-lieutenant for the county of Surrey.

Civil War period
Onslow was elected MP for Surrey in April 1640 for the Short Parliament and in November 1640 for the Long Parliament. In 1642, the lodge in Clandon Park, West Clandon, and the Park itself, formerly enclosed but since disemparked, was sold to him by Sir Richard Weston and was now re-emparked: he purchased Temple House at Merrow, with the advowson of Merrow church, but not the Temple manor.

When the Civil War broke out in 1642, he commanded the Surrey Trained Bands at the start of hostilities, then raised a regiment for Parliament, leading his men at the siege of Basing House in 1644.

Being of moderate views, he was one of the members excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge in December 1648. In 1650 he recommenced a series of transactions which led much later (1711) to the acquisition of the manor of West Clandon. In 1654, he was elected again MP for Surrey in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Surrey in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament. In 1658, he was elevated to Cromwell's new House of Peers.

Restoration period
He returned to the Commons in April 1660 as MP for Guildford in the Convention Parliament, where he worked closely with his more influential friend Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper to bring about the Restoration of the Monarchy. He was re-elected MP for Guildford in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1664. He was elected one of the original Bailiffs to the board of the Bedford Level Corporation in 1663, a position he held briefly until his death.

Death
His death in 1664 took place in mysterious circumstances at Arundel House in London. It was announced to have been owing to an "ague" which developed into gangrene. However, Lucy Hutchinson, whose husband John Hutchinson had recently been imprisoned as a Regicide, believed Onslow to be her enemy for having denounced her husband in parliament: she is said to have heard that Onslow had been struck by lightning, an allegation widely believed in Onslow's family. He was buried at Cranleigh, Surrey, where his tomb remained until the church restoration of 1845, with that of his wife Elizabeth, who was buried there in 1679 aged 78.

Portrait and heraldry
The Surrey Visitation of 1623 shows arms for this family as follows, Quarterly of six:
1. Onslow: Argent, a fesse gules between 6 "falcons" sable, belled and armed or.
2. Kynaston: Argent, a lion sable.
3. Frankton: Gules, on a chevron or 3 mullets sable.
4. Bond: Argent, on a chevron sable three bezants.
5. Houghton: Azure, three bars and a canton argent.
6. (blank)
Crest (Onslow): A falcon as in the arms, preying on a partridge or.

The Victoria County History blazons for Onslow: Argent a fesse gules between 6 Cornish choughs.

A portrait of Sir Richard Onslow, painted in the style of Robert Walker, was held by the National Trust at Clandon Park.

Family
Sir Richard married Elizabeth Strangeways (c. 1601 – 27 August 1679), daughter and heir of Arthur Strangeways. They had fourteen children:

Sir Henry Onslow (1621–c. 1667), married Jane Stidolph and had issue
Sir Arthur Onslow, 1st Baronet (1622–1688), also MP for Guildford and Surrey
Elizabeth Onslow (1624 – aft. 1678), married first John Berney of Swardeston and second Sir Francis Wyndham, 3rd Baronet
Anne Onslow (b. 1626), married Sir Anthony Shirley, 1st Baronet
Mary Onslow (b. 1638), married Sir George Freeman
John Onslow (c. January – February 1630N.S.)
Jane Onslow (1631 – 5 May 1729), married Sir George Croke
Richard Onslow (1632–c. 1712), married Abigail Reynardson, without issue, member of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
Thomas Onslow (1633 – aft. 1664), died unmarried
Dorothy Onslow (1635–1642)
Catherine Onslow (1636–1659), married Sir Thomas Cobb, 1st Baronet
John Onslow (12 September 1636 – April 1663), died unmarried, member of the Inner Temple
Denzil Onslow (of Pyrford) (c. 1642–1721)
one other child, died young

References

 Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
 Mark Noble, Memoirs of several persons and families... allied to or descended from... the Protectorate-House of Cromwell (Birmingham: Pearson & Rollason, 1784)

1601 births
1664 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Roundheads
Surrey Militia officers
English MPs 1628–1629
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1660
English MPs 1661–1679
Members of Cromwell's Other House
Richard


Scott Green may refer to:
Scott Green (American football official), DC criminal justice lobbyist and NFL referee
Scott Green (footballer), former English football (soccer) player
Scott E. Green, American writer, legislator and union activist
"Scott Green", a song by Dune Rats from The Kids Will Know It's Bullshit
C. Scott Green, American university president


Xavier Oriach (born 20 November 1927) is a French painter and engraver from Catalonia.  He is best known for his association with the School of Paris.

Biography
Oriach was born in Sabadell in Catalonia; his family established itself there in the fifteenth century. when his ancestors, the Oriacs of the Massif Central, settled in the area.  His parents moved to Barcelona in 1930 to start a fashion house; they were accompanied there by Oriach's granduncle, the modernist photographer Albert Rifà.  When his parents moved again, this time to Valencia, in 1934 to open a factory, Xavier returned with his great-uncle to Sabadell, spending much of the rest of his childhood in Rifà's studio.  Encouraged by the succession of artists that frequented the atelier, Oriach began to draw and paint at the end of the 1930s.

In 1943 Oriach left his home village to rejoin his parents, working for a time in his father's business; it was his father that suggested he take drawing lessons.  Consequently, in 1944 he entered the Fine Arts School of Valencia; it was there, in 1947, that he participated in the foundation of the avant-garde group Z.  He began to incorporate elements of Fauvism into his work.  The local French Institute accorded him a scholarship, which was enough to allow him, after a first exhibition of his work in Catalonia, to flee Francoist Spain.

In January 1951, Oriach settled in Paris, accompanied by his friend, guitarist Narciso Yepes.  To continue painting he began experimenting with more diverse styles.  He had, in his youth, met Antoni Clavé in Barcelona, and had known Manolo Gil in Valencia; in Paris he also came to know Antoni Tàpies, Eduardo Chillida, and Palazuelo.  Some months after arriving he attracted the interest of Bernard Dorival, who invited him to the retrospective of Georges Braque then being organized at the Musée National d'Art Moderne.  In 1953 Oriach was shown at the Galerie Breteau; not long afterwards he became involved in the New School of Paris, showing both at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles ainsi and the Salon de Mai.

During the 1950s the Francoist State attempted to entice various artists in exile to return to Spain; notwithstanding the fact that most of the artists in question were ideologically opposed to the state it was hoped that such liberalization would help soften the government's image abroad.  Nevertheless, Oriach refused to return; when he did leave Paris in 1979 it was only to establish himself at Jouy-sur-Eure (Normandy), where he had gone regularly since his arrival in France.  There he turned his studio into a place for meetings and debates, creating a center for contemporary art where he showed the work of friends such as Pierre Tal Coat, Raoul Ubac, and Tàpies; he also founded a biennial for sculpture.

In 1991 Oriach moved again, this time to Normandy, where several retrospectives of his work have been organized; he also shows regularly in his native Catalonia.

Work
Arriving in Paris as realism was losing favor, Oriach soon threw himself into the study of abstraction.  Leaving aside the naturalism of his early style, he chose instead to focus on more nebulous, less concrete subjects.  His work gradually grew larger, but has remained precise, combining elements of Catalan, French, and Spanish culture.

References
This article is based on the article in the French Wikipedia.

1927 births
Living people
People from Sabadell
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
21st-century French painters
21st-century French male artists


George Robotham (January 10, 1921 – February 1, 2007) was an American stuntman and actor.

Robotham was born in 1921 and played American football at UCLA, where he was awarded a degree in business administration. He started his acting career as a stuntman and actor in Batman.

Following his role in Batman, he usually appeared as an uncredited role in many movies where he was also doing stunts. He was probably best known as the human sacrifice in The Prodigal. He also made appearances in historical films such as Joan of Arc, The Robe, Disney's The Great Locomotive Chase, The Ten Commandments and Spartacus.

Robotham was reported dead on February 1, 2007, from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was married to German actress Karin Dor. He died in Bonn, Germany, at the age of 86.

Partial filmography

 1943 Batman (Serial) as Henchman (uncredited)
 1943 Destination Tokyo as Crewman (uncredited)
 1948 Joan of Arc as English Knight (uncredited)
 1949 Bride of Vengeance as Assassin (uncredited)
 1949 Batman and Robin (Serial) as Car 4 Henchman-Driver [Chs. 2-6, 11-12] (uncredited)
 1950 Cody of the Pony Express (Serial) as Burt (uncredited)
 1950 Atom Man vs. Superman (Serial) as Earl [Chs. 10-12]
 1950 Chain Gang as Guard Reagan (uncredited)
 1950 Last of the Buccaneers as Pirate (uncredited)
 1951 Mysterious Island (Serial) as Mercurian
 1951 Captain Video: Master of the Stratosphere (Serial) as Space Platform Operator-Observer [Chs. 4-5] (uncredited)
 1952 Invitation as Tennis Player (uncredited)
 1953 Savage Mutiny as Johnson (uncredited)
 1953 The Robe as Slave With Demetrius At Palm Procession (uncredited)
 1954 Gunfighters of the Northwest as Constable Evans (uncredited)
 1954 Seven Brides for Seven Brothers as Town Suitor (uncredited)
 1955 Many Rivers to Cross as Indian (uncredited)
 1955 The Prodigal as Human Sacrifice (uncredited)
 1956 The Great Locomotive Chase as William Knight, Union Civilian Train Engineer / Fireman
 1956 The Ten Commandments as Attendant (uncredited)
 1957 The Garment Jungle as Truck Driver (uncredited)
 1957 The Way to the Gold as Policeman (uncredited)
 1960 Spartacus as Pirate (uncredited)
 1962 Mermaids of Tiburon as Dr. Samuel Jamison
 1968 5 Card Stud as Stoney Burough, Evers' Ranch Hand (uncredited)
 1968 The Split as Physical Instructor (uncredited)
 1973 The Don Is Dead as Hood (uncredited)
 1978 Invisible Strangler as Cemetery Guard
 1979 The Prisoner of Zenda as (uncredited)
 1985 The Goonies as Prison Guard
 1988 Alien Nation as Boat Captain
 1988 Split Decisions as Thug #2 (final film role)

References

External links

1921 births
2007 deaths
American male film actors
Male actors from California
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
American stunt performers
Players of American football from Sacramento, California
20th-century American male actors
Deaths from dementia in Germany
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease


The Izvorul Alb is a right tributary of the river Moldova in Romania. It flows into the Moldova in Câmpulung Moldovenesc. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Suceava County


UVW mapping is a mathematical technique for coordinate mapping. In computer graphics, it most commonly maps an object's surface in  to a solid texture with UVW coordinates in , in contrast to UV mapping, which maps surfaces in  to an image with UV coordinates in . The UVW mapping is suitable for painting an object's surface based on a solid texture. This allows a marble texture to wrap a vase to appear as if it were carved from actual marble. "UVW", like the standard Cartesian coordinate system, has three dimensions; the third dimension allows texture maps to wrap in complex ways onto irregular surfaces. Each point in a UVW map corresponds to a point on the surface of the object. The graphic designer or programmer generates the specific mathematical function to implement the map, so that points on the texture are assigned to (XYZ) points on the target surface. Generally speaking, the more orderly the unwrapped polygons are, the easier it is for the texture artist to paint features onto the texture. Once the texture is finished, all that has to be done is to wrap the UVW map back onto the object, projecting the texture in a way that is far more flexible and advanced, preventing graphic artifacts that accompany more simplistic texture mappings such as planar projection. For this reason, UVW mapping is commonly used to texture map non-platonic solids, non-geometric primitives, and other irregularly shaped objects, such as characters and furniture.

External links
 UVW Mapping Tutorial
 UVW Mapping Basics

Texture mapping


Beaucourt-sur-l'Ancre (, literally Beaucourt on the Ancre; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated  south of Arras on the D50 and D163 junction. The Ancre river is little more than a trickle through marshy ground at this point.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


A scalding house was the office in a medieval household responsible for scalding the carcasses of animals, as well as utensils. It was also the room in which this activity took place. It was headed by a scalder. The office was subordinated to the kitchen, and existed as a separate office only in larger households. It was closely connected with other offices of the kitchen, such as the saucery and the scullery.

See also
Pig scalder

References

Medieval cuisine


Danyel Gérard (born Gérard Daniel Kherlakian; 7 March 1939) is a French pop singer and composer.

Life and work
Gérard was born in Paris, France to an Armenian father and an Corsican mother, but grew up mainly in Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. In 1953, he returned to Paris and became a choir boy at Notre Dame. Following this he played in the rock and roll band The Dangers. In 1958 he made his first recordings: "Viens" (a cover of the Kalin Twins' hit "When") and "D'où reviens-tu Billy Boy" (adapted from Dorothy Collins' "Where Have You Been, Billy Boy"), making one of the first young French singers to successfully sing rock and roll (his only rivals at this stage were Richard Anthony, Claude Piron (later better known as Danny Boy) and Gabriel Dalar), although his commercial impact was very limited; despite a latter-day, revisionist recasting of him as the French Elvis Presley, he was nevertheless one of France's first rock stars.

After cutting a further EP featuring a cover of Don Gibson's "Oh Lonesome Me" ("O pauvre moi") which was buried by a rival version by Sacha Distel and an adaptation of the Fraternity Brothers' "Passion Flower" ("Tout l'amour"), he was drafted and spent 1959 to 1961 stationed in North Africa. Subsequently, he was a singer and guitarist in various bistros. On his return, he resumed his singing career with the minor 1961 hit "Oh Marie-Line" but by then he had been overtaken by newer singers such as Johnny Hallyday. He also began to write songs, penning tunes for Johnny Hallyday, Sylvie Vartan, Dalida, Richard Anthony, German-based star Caterina Valente, actress Marie Laforêt and Austrian singer Udo Jürgens.

After enjoying a major hit with the French version of Pat Boone's "Speedy Gonzales" ("Le petit Gonzalès"), despite competition from a version by Dalida, in 1963 he became to the first signing to the new Disc AZ label, issuing two further EPs for them before unleashing his best recording of the period, a revival of Chuck Berry's "Memphis, Tennessee". Further hits followed but by the mid-sixties his star had waned and he moved into record production, most notably for Michel Corringe. He returned in 1970 with the French hit "Même un clown" but his international breakthrough came in 1971 with "Butterfly", which he recorded in several languages and which has sold seven million copies. It charted across Europe, reaching #1 in Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, and France, #5 in the Netherlands, and #10 in the UK; in the US it peaked at #78. It was awarded a gold disc by the Recording Industry Association of America. It has since become a pop standard, and was also used in the film The Mad Aunts Strike Out.

After this brief success, he enjoyed several other European hits, including "Ti-laï-laï-laï (l'armenien)", which reflected his Armenian roots, but he never again recorded anything with the same impact as his breakthrough hit. Among the more interesting recordings from this period are his "Atmosphère" album, which included both "Butterfly" and the funky groover "Sexologie", and the follow-up, logically titled "Atmosphère 2", which featured the hit "D'Amérique au coeur du Japon", as well as the late seventies' "Gone With the Wind" album, which housed the nostalgic "Les temps changent". Alongside his own recordings, he continued to dedicate himself to composing music for other artists.

Gérard made a comeback to the live scene with a concert at the Paris Olympia theatre on 20 November 1978. The concert was a sell-out and included a 21-piece band and orchestra conducted by French composer and trumpeter, Yvan Julien. A full troupe of circus performers joined Gérard on stage for the finale. Anton Karas also performed his composition "Harry Lime Theme" from the film, The Third Man.

Gérard enjoyed a further major hit in the French pop charts with "Mélodie mélodie", taken from his 1978 album of the same name. This led to various television and radio appearances in France and Germany. Following the Paris Olympia concert, he took the nucleus of the orchestra and formed a seven-piece band, Horde, with which he played a number of shows in Paris and the south of France in 1978 and 1979. He continued to record into the eighties before retiring into the shadows to enjoy the benefits of his not inconsiderable royalties.

Discography

See also
List of best-selling singles
List of French singers
List of number-one hits of 1971 (Germany)
List of one-hit wonders on the UK Singles Chart

References

1939 births
Living people
Musicians from Paris
French people of Armenian descent
French people of Corsican descent
French male singers
French male songwriters
French songwriters
Male songwriters
Rock and roll musicians
French military personnel of the Algerian War


John Howard Cruse (known as Howard; 15 February 1908 – 11 April 1979) was Bishop of Knaresborough from 1965 to 1972.

Cruse was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge and studied for ordination at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford  before curacies at Southall and Folkestone. From 1936 until 1949 he held incumbencies at Harrow and Cambridge, followed by a 16-year stint as  Provost of Sheffield.  In 1965 he was appointed Suffragan Bishop of Knaresborough where he remained until his retirement. He married twice: firstly in 1942 Ethne Sterling-Berry; and after her death in 1977 Violet Briscoe.

References

Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Provosts and Deans of Sheffield
Bishops of Knaresborough
1908 births
1979 deaths


Kiss is a book for teenage readers, written by Jacqueline Wilson and illustrated by Nick Sharratt. It was published 2007 by Doubleday. The book revolves around a girl called Sylvie whose childhood friend Carl is struggling to come to terms with his sexuality.

Plot summary
Sylvie and Carl have been friends since they were little. They have called themselves boyfriend and girlfriend since they were small and Sylvie has always believed they would end up married. As they start high school, Carl drifts further and further away from Sylvie. One day, she wanders into the girls' bathrooms and finds Miranda, the most popular girl in school, there. Miranda asks Sylvie to go to her party after finding out about Sylvie's "boyfriend", whom she has taken a shine to, even though they haven't met. Sylvie accepts and then asks Carl about it, hoping that he will not go. To her dismay, Carl is eager to go and they meet Miranda and her friends. They play a game of Spin The Bottle and Sylvie wishes to be kissed by Carl. Unfortunately, he does not kiss her (but to Sylvie's surprise he kisses Miranda) and Sylvie realises that his feelings have changed. Carl invites Miranda, Sylvie and a boy called Paul to go bowling with him. Sylvie does not like Paul and is surprised when Carl tells Sylvie that he wanted to impress Paul by bowling.

On Carl's birthday, Miranda, Paul, Sylvie and Carl go to Kew Gardens since Carl is obsessed with glass. They all get lost while playing hide-and-seek. Miranda and Paul went on the train so Carl and Sylvie go with Carl's mother, Jules. Carl refused to see anyone after that night and later tells Sylvie that he is gay. Sylvie then finds out that Carl had found Paul during hide-and-seek and kissed him. Paul kissed him back for a moment 'like he really cared about [Carl]', but then pushed him away, claiming Carl is a pervert. Carl gets teased and picked on at school.

Later, Sylvie goes to find Carl and sees the Glass Hut (where Carl keeps his glass collection) is ruined with glass everywhere. Sylvie gets cut and tells Jules, Mick (Carl's father) and Jake (Carl's older brother) about the Glass Hut. They see Carl in the bushes all cut from smashing all the glass. He cut all his fingers and wrist and needed many stitches. Carl comes out to his mother at the hospital (when asked why he smashed the glass) and she tells him she has no problem with him being gay.

Miranda and Sylvie bunk off school to meet Carl in McDonald's for lunch, and after hearing about how he is being bullied at school, Miranda persuades Sylvie to meet Carl after school, impressing all the boys who see them.

In the Glass Hut, Carl and Sylvie see all the damage. Sylvie thinks that Carl will not feel the same about her. Carl kisses her and says he will always love her, platonically. Sylvie states that it wasn't the kiss she was hoping for but is still satisfied.

Character Summary

Main

 Sylvie West: Sylvie is very small for her age. She has long mousy feathered hair, dresses the are raspberry, she attends Milstead Secondary School, where she is not so popular, and is looked on as someone not to be taken seriously. Most of the students call her 'Titch', even Miranda. She only really spends time with one person: a shy, boring girl named Lucy. She is deeply in love with her best friend Carl Johnson, who lives next door to her, and whom she has known since they were born. She lives with her mother and an old lodger named Miss Miles.
 Carl Johnson: Carl is Sylvie's best friend and next door neighbour, the son of Julia and Michael Johnson, and the younger brother of Jake by two years. He is very good looking, with blond hair that flops over his brow and brown eyes, and he is very intelligent. He has a love of all things glass, ever since his great aunt Esther gave him the Glass Boy as a present when he was five. He goes to Kingmere Grammar School, in Year Nine. Far less masculine than both his father or brother, he is often quiet and subdued and can have strong bouts of depression. He is revealed to be gay, and he has a crush on Paul. However, he still loves Sylvie, platonically.
 Miranda Holbein: Miranda is charismatic, confident and very full-on. Although not very pretty, she has something enchanting about her.  Although she is only in Year Nine at Milstead Secondary School, she possesses a high degree of sexiness, wearing a lot of make-up and gaudy, revealing clothes, and is desired by many boys. Miranda is one of Sylvie's closest friends. She also fancies Carl and wants him to be her boyfriend and talks often about him.
 Paul: Paul is Carl's new best friend, who is extremely good at football and good looking. He attends Kingsmere Grammar School with Carl and Raj. He is not a good friend to Carl, as he takes advantage of both Carl and Miranda. When he finds out that Carl loves him (when Carl tries to kiss him), he starts bullying him and calls him a pervert. Despite this, when Carl talks about kissing him he says that Paul kissed him back for moment like he really cared about Carl, suggesting he may be confused about his sexuality.
 Jake Johnson: Jake is the eldest son of Julia and Michael Johnson. He is sixteen, in Year Eleven at Milstead Secondary School. He is not as intelligent as Carl, and does not look a bit like him (he has dark untidy hair and very dark eyes, and he is at least six foot tall). He plays the guitar, and later starts up a band, although he is not a good singer. At the end of the book, he reveals he has a crush on Sylvie.

Minor

 Lucy: Lucy is shy, very innocent and well behaved. Lucy is one of Sylvie's only friends at school. However, deep down Sylvie has only ever been using Lucy to fill the gap left by the absence of Carl, who attends a different school. She is mad about chocolate, wants to be a nurse when she grows up, loves pop bands and has a strict mother. Carl doesn't like Lucy, and added her name whenever he thought something was silly, twee or naff. He said things like: "It's too Lucy for words", "It's a bit Lucy isn't it?" and "It makes you look Lucyfied." Eventually, Sylvie didn't like Lucy any more, because she thought that Lucy was too babyish. She is boring and prim and often condescending.
 Sylvie's mother: She is Sylvie's mother and is also Gerry's girlfriend. She often worries about her daughter, Sylvie, and often says she wants to cancel her dates with Gerry for her. Unlike most, Sylvie's mum believes that Sylvie and Carl will never fall in love. She has home-dyed hair and is fat.
 Julia 'Jules' Johnson: Jules is the mother of Jake and Carl, and the wife of Mick. Kind and warm, she worries about her son Carl, and always believed he was gay and has no problem about it.
 Michael 'Mick' Johnson: Mick is the father of Jake and Carl, and the husband of Jules. When he finds out Carl is gay, he tries to be supportive, but says he may be going through a phase. He works as a lecturer at the local university.
 Miss Miles: Miss Miles is Sylvie and Sylvie's Mum's lodger who is in her seventies. Miss Miles is an old woman who didn't marry. She loves to read Charles Dickens and quotes him often. Sylvie and her mum don't always know she's quoting him until she says "as the great man says". She is very insecure, and is like a grandmother to Sylvie.
 Gerry: Gerry is Sylvie's mother's boyfriend who she meets in a fictional community forum named "Not Waving But Drowning" after the Stevie Smith poem of the same name. He had a stroke two years ago rendering him physically disabled. He walks with the aid of a cane as he has a bad limp. Sylvie does not particularly like Gerry, thinking of him as dull and boring, and cannot see her mother's attraction to him.
 Alice: Alice has cream-blonde waist-length hair, very pale skin and she is very slim. She attends the party at Miranda's and the cake making. She is Miranda's best friend from her old school, and she does not like how Miranda is growing closer to Sylvie.
 Raj: Goes to Carl's school and is of Asian heritage. He is a friend of Miranda and attends Kingsmere Grammar School. He attends Miranda's party. He used to go out with her, but Raj's parents disapproved of Miranda, so they split up. Near the end of the book, it is shown that he likes Carl, as he sends a text to Miranda saying how Carl is now being bullied for trying to kiss Paul, and offers to beat the bullies up.
 Andy: Andy is a black youth and very good looking. He is one of Miranda's friends. He kisses Alice and Sylvie in the Spin the Bottle game.

References

External links
 Kids at Random House: Book Details for Kiss

2007 British novels
British young adult novels
Novels by Jacqueline Wilson
Doubleday (publisher) books
Sexuality in fiction
Gay male teen fiction


Kingsbury School is a coeducational secondary school located in the village of Kingsbury, Warwickshire, England. Its main catchment area is Kingsbury, but students also attend from a number of neighbouring villages, such as Hurley and Whitacre Heath, Picadilly, Wood End, Bodymoor Heath and Middleton.

The school occupies a fairly central part of the village, and a school has existed in Kingsbury for over 300 years. The original school was established in 1686 by Thomas Coton. The present comprehensive school was built in 1956, and currently caters for around 610 students, whose ages range from 11 to 18. It is a specialist mathematics and science college.  Following poor results in 2008 where the school was placed at the bottom of the Warwickshire league tables and significantly below national the school has undergone significant transformation.  Under new leadership (and largely new staffing) A*-C results have improved to be significantly above the national average (67% A*-C including English and Maths 2013). The school received as a result an award for being in the top 40 of most improved schools (2010-2013).  In 2015 Mr Simon Cotton
the Headteacher at the time moved on with Mr Martin Clarke (Current Headteacher) taking over.  The school has since achieved an Ofsted good rating and contributes to be one of the most successful schools in Warwickshire.

In addition, there is a swimming pool, which is open to the public during evenings, weekends and holidays. The pool, built in 1972 by Kingsbury Parish Council, has been managed by Warwickshire County Council since it was first opened. In February 2009 the future of the pool was placed in doubt after Warwickshire County Council announced their intention to withdraw funding at the end of the 2009/10 financial year. However, following a local campaign to save the pool, the Council agreed to continue funding for a further year while a plan for the long-term future of the pool is sought. As of 2020 the pool still remains in operation, being frequently used for P.E lessons despite its rather dire condition.

In 2011 the school took control of the pool and developed alongside a new sports hall in order to develop the site as a leisure centre. Since this time the newly founded KSA (Kingsbury Sports Academy Leisure Centre) has gained in popularity as a result of its highly thought of facilities.

Previously a community school administered by Warwickshire County Council, Kingsbury School converted to academy status in March 2015. However the school continues to coordinate with Warwickshire County Council for admissions.

References

External links
 Kingsbury School

Secondary schools in Warwickshire
Kingsbury, Warwickshire
Educational institutions established in 1956
1956 establishments in England
Academies in Warwickshire