Végennes (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Geography

Location
The commune is located in the south of the Corrèze department. The village borders the department of the Lot and the Occitanie region.

Population

History
In 856 at Veterinas, as Végennes was called, Rodolphe de Turenne, Archbishop of Bourges established a Benedictine settlement there. It would fail and he moved the settlement to Vellinus which he renamed Bellus Locus that eventually became Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne.

Notable persons
 Jacques Ricard de Genouillac, dit Galiot de Genouillac - military and French diplomat during the Renaissance, died at Végennes on 15 October 1546

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Veix is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Alphonso "Al" Campbell (born 31 August 1954) is a Jamaican reggae singer active since the late 1960s.

Biography
Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Campbell's singing career began in church, where his father was a preacher, and Al would sing to raise funds. He went to school with Lloyd James (aka Prince Jammy) and formed a vocal group with friends as a teenager, called The Thrillers, who recorded in the late 1960s for Studio One. After briefly joining up with Freddie McGregor and Ernest Wilson, he went on to work with Prince Lincoln Thompson's Royal Rasses, and the Mighty Cloud band.  Campbell then embarked on a solo career (also contributing vocals to two Heptones albums), and was a popular roots reggae singer during the 1970s, recording for producers such as Phil Pratt, Bunny Lee, and Joe Gibbs, and recorded at Lee Perry's Black Ark studio.

His "Gee Baby" was a big hit in 1975 in both Jamaica and the United Kingdom. He adapted successfully to the early dancehall and lovers rock styles in the late 1970s and 1980s, working with producers such as Linval Thompson. Campbell's recording of "Late Night Blues" (1980) became a staple of blues parties. Campbell performed with the Stur-Gav sound system in the early 1980s. More recently he has recorded for King Jammy, Philip "Fatis" Burrell, and Mafia & Fluxy.

In 1997, he joined Cornell Campbell and Jimmy Riley in a new version of The Uniques, the group releasing a self-titled album in 1999.

Campbell has not performed in Jamaica since a stageshow held by Jack Ruby shortly before the latter's death. He continues to tour Europe and North America

Albums
Gee Baby (1977) Phil Pratt/Sunshot
Ain't That Loving You (1978) Jamaica Sound (reissued 1994 as Sly & Robbie Presents The Soulful Al Campbell)
Loving Moods of Al Campbell (1978) Ital
Mr. Music Man (1978) Manic
No More Running (1978) Terminal
Showcase (1978) DEB
Rainy Days (1978) Hawkeye
Diamonds (1979) Burning Sounds
More Al Campbell Showcase (197?) Ethnic
Mr. Lovers Rock (1980) Sonic Sounds
Late Night Blues (1980) JB
The Other Side of Love (1981) Greensleeves
Dance Hall Stylee (1982) Narrows Enterprise
Bad Boy (1984) CSA
Freedom Street (1984) Londisc
Forward Natty (1985) Move
Shaggy Raggy (1985) Sampalu
Reggae '85 (1985) Blue Mountain
Fence Too Tall (1987) Live & Love
Ain't Too Proud To Beg - LP (1987) Live & Love
Bounce Back (1990) Reggae Road
The Soulful Al Campbell (1994) Rhino
Road Block (1997) Exterminator
Revival Selection (1998) Kickin'
22 Karat Solid Gold (1998) Reggae Road
22 Karat Gold Volume 2 (1998) Reggae Road
Rock On (1998) Charm
Hit Me With Music (1998) Hot Shot
Roots & Culture (1999) Jet Star
Today, Tomorrow, Forever (2000) Reggae Road
Deeper Roots (2001) Reggae Road
Always In My Heart (2001) Artists Only
Higher Heights (2002) Reggae Road
Love From a Distance (2003) Cousins
Tribute to Clement Coxsone Dodd (2004) Reggae Road
24/7 (2006) Reggae Road
Rasta Time - Lagoon
Talk About Love - Sonic Sounds
It's Magic - free world music

References

External links
 Al Campbell at Roots Archives
 Al Campbell discography at ReggaeID

AllMusic
Jamaican reggae musicians
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
1954 births
Living people
The Uniques (Jamaican group) members
Greensleeves Records artists
Rhino Records artists


Viam () is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France. The village is positioned on a lake, used for swimming, fishing, water-skiing, canoeing, kayaking, sailing and land activities such as hiking and cycling.

Geography
Viam is a commune in the Massif Central located on the Plateau de Millevaches. The commune is also located in the parc naturel régional de Millevaches en Limousin (Regional Nature Park of Millevaches in the Limousin).

Population

History
The earliest human traces go back to the Neolithic period. Two polished axes and carved flints were discovered at six locations. In the Gallo-Roman period, a route from Limoges crossed the commune. Seven sites have remains of Gallo-Roman construction, the most important occupying the Plateau du Domaine de Plazanet where a double column was uncovered. Two cremated burial sites were discovered nearby. One, dated to the 1st century A.D., rested under a 15 metre diameter mound of earth. The other, consisting of a granite burial chest, dates from the end of the 2nd century. Another special burial chest includes three receptacles.

The parish of Viam seems to originate from the year 1000. In 1154, a bull from Pope Adrian IV, confirms the church as the property of the Abbey of Tulle. In the village of Plazanet, sixteen silos, divided into three groups, belonging to a farm of that time. Near the village of Monceaux, the remains of a castle occupy a promontory dominating the Vézère river. In 1514, a Laurent de Monceaux was a curate at Viam. In the middle of the 14th century, the Château de Monceaux, owned by the Lord Murat de Tarnac, was sold to the Comte family, a middle-class family in Treignac and elevated to the nobility thereafter. At the end of the seventeenth century, the coat of arms of Sir Pierre Comte of Monceaux de Viam was blazoned with d'argent à un arbre de sinople.

Places and monuments

Église de Viam

The parish church of Viam was probably built in the 12th century, as mentioned in its general structure. It is built on a rocky headland, all its walls resting on it. Well situated, it dominates the lake, the village square and the surrounding buildings.

Essentially Romanesque, with thick walls, narrow openings on the south side, a half-circular apse, quite rare in the Corrèze and corbels of different profiles reign under the cornice. The interior building is 22m long, and the width and the average height are 5m. The church is composed of a single nave, three bays and six columns, including the marquees are adorned with stylised volutes, of Gothic art. The original ceiling was made of wood, as in many Romanesque churches of their time, but in the 13th and 14th centuries, it was replaced by a Gothic-style stone vault with crossed ogival arches. At the time the church was revamped, a Gothic style is also found on the main entrance and the right side door.

The two-level steeple-wall is flanked by an imposing buttress. On its upper part, there is a double arched arcade in which two bells hang. One, dating back to 1581, weighs 120 kg. The other, weighing 245 kg, dates from 1866. The entrance porch has a semi-circular tympanum; it is topped by a triangular pediment in a lesser relief that houses a shell. The Church of Saint-Martin was classified as a historic monument in 1976.

Buildings
Throughout the territory of the commune of Viam, there are many crosses, often in granite in various forms. The house of Valentin Didey and Eugène Leblanc is located by the lake.

Dam

The EDF dam of Monceaux-La-Virole was built on the Vézère River. Construction work on the dam began in 1940. The area was filled with water in 1946.

Details:
 Dam height on foundations: 34 m
 Lake area: 183 ha
 Holding Volume (maximum shore): 20 million m3
 Normal river flow rate: 6.7 m3/s
 Maximum river flow rate: 140 m3/s
 Water intake: 13 m3/s

Notable people
 Richard Millet
 Geneviève Fourgnaud, painter

See also

Popular patronage for the Church of Viam
The Church of Viam is the oldest building in the commune. Since the beginning of the 1990s, several studies and reports have highlighted the urgency of restoration, of what constitutes the architectural memory of Viam.

To carry out this project valued at €683,000, the municipality obtained the assistance of the State (50%), the Regional Council of the Limousin (10%) and the General Council of the Corrèze (17.5%). However, the remaining share of the expense for the municipality remains high for its 120 inhabitants.

In partnership with the la Fondation du Patrimoine, the municipality of Viam and the association Les Gens de Viam, they have decided to launch a large public subscription, which appeals to popular patronage, in order to lighten this municipal charge. Everyone, individuals, businesses, professions, associations, will be able to participate in this great project of safeguarding and valuing the national heritage of proximity.

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Vignols (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The 1966 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 8, 1966 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina simultaneously with the special election to fill out the remainder of Olin D. Johnston's term.

Incumbent Senator Strom Thurmond, who had switched parties from Democratic to Republican in 1964, easily defeated state senator Bradley Morrah in the general election. This was the first time South Carolina popularly elected a Republican senator, and the first time since 1879 that that person held any Senate seat. This was the first time since 1877 that a Republican held this seat.

Democratic primary
The two Democrats who could have defeated Thurmond competed against each other in the special election to serve the remaining two years of Olin D. Johnston's six-year term.  As a result, little-known state senator Bradley Morrah of Greenville won the South Carolina Democratic Party primary election on June 14 against John Bolt Culbertson to become the nominee in the general election.

Republican primary
Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.

General election
Morrah faced an uphill struggle against Senator Thurmond because the Democratic resources were primarily poured into the special election to help Fritz Hollings and in the gubernatorial contest for Robert Evander McNair.  Furthermore, Thurmond refused to debate Morrah and Thurmond boasted of the endorsements he received from Southern Democratic Senators Richard Russell, Jr., John C. Stennis, and Herman Talmadge.  Morrah was easily dispatched by Thurmond in the general election and he also lost re-election to his state senate seat.  He would never again hold public office, which was a routine occurrence for Thurmond's opponents.

Results

|-
|
| colspan=5 |Republican hold
|-

See also
List of United States senators from South Carolina
United States Senate elections, 1966
United States Senate special election in South Carolina, 1966
South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1966

References
"Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1967, pp. 16, 41.

South Carolina
1966
1966 South Carolina elections
Strom Thurmond


Vitrac-sur-Montane (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The 2007–08 season of the Hoofdklasse started in August 2007 and will end in May 2008. Defending champions are Inter Moengotapoe.

Promoted teams
The following teams are promoted to the Eredivisie at the start of the season:
 Boskamp
 Randjiet Boys

League table

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Top scorers

See also
 2007–08 Eredivisie

References

External links

SVB Eerste Divisie seasons
1
Surinam


Voutezac (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Granger (c. 1680s in Dijon – 1734 near Basra), was a French physician and traveller, with a major interest in natural history.

According to the preface of the only work attributed to him, his real name was Tourtechot, and for reasons not explained he changed it to Granger. Granger or Tourtechot is presumably his surname. Sometimes he is listed as Nicolas Granger, Tourtechot (de) Granger, or N. Granger.

In the 1720s he worked as a physician in a Christian hospital in Tunis, a position he acquired on account of his friend Jean Pierre Pignon, the French consul in Tunis at that time. Moving back to France in 1728, he accompanied Dignon to Egypt in 1731, when Pignon was assigned French Consul in Cairo. During his stay in Egypt, Granger travelled up the Nile to Aswan, documenting a large number of ancient monuments, as well as a considerable amount of its natural history, including animals, plants and minerals.

On his return from Egypt in 1732, Granger received a commission from King Louis XV of France, to travel around the Middle East and acquire any kind of information that could help advance the knowledge of natural history in general. Leaving France in 1733 he managed to visit Crete, Egypt again, Cyprus, Palestine and Syria, but died en route toward Persian, two days march from Basra.

Granger's account and notes was published in French in 1745, in German 1751 and in English 1773. The flower Grangeria of the family Chrysobalanaceae is named after him.

Works
 Relation du voyage fait en Egypte, par le sieur Granger, en l'année 1730. Où l'on voit ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable, particulièrement sur l'histoire naturelle, Paris, Jacques Vincent, 1745.
(German trans.) Des Herrn Grangers Beschreibung seiner in dem Jahre 1730 durch Egypten gethanen Reise, vorin das merkvurdigste in diesem Lande, insonderheit was die Naturgeschichte betrifft, beschrieben ist. – published in Sammlung aller Reisen, Gottingen, 1751, Theil III, pp. 307-428
(English trans.) A Journey through Egypt made in the year 1730, in which there are to be found the most remarkable particulars on Natural History. Translated from the French by John Reinhold Forster, London, 1773.

1680s births
1734 deaths
French travel writers
17th-century French physicians
18th-century French physicians
French naturalists
French male non-fiction writers
18th-century French male writers
17th-century French male writers


Yssandon (; Limousin: Eissandon) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Lemovices
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Government Campus Plaza is a government complex on Richmond Street and Wrightson Road in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Completed in May 2017, the Government Campus Plaza provides public access to the services of four major government ministries and agencies.

Across from the POS International Waterfront Centre on Wrightson Road on a   quadrangular piazza, the Government Campus Plaza provides office accommodation, parking, and a public plaza with manicured gardens and entertainment space. In the plaza, just below the outdoor  screen mounted on one of the plaza's two 23-storey towers, is an outdoor performance area for cultural festivals and performances.

Facilities
The complex consists of:
The Inland Revenue Division (IRD) Tower (23-storeys)
The Customs and Excise Headquarters Building (10-storeys)
Ministry of National Security Immigration Division Building (10-storeys)
The Ministry of the Attorney General and Legal Affairs (AGLA) Tower (23-storeys)
The Government Campus Plaza Parkade

References

External links
Government Campus Plaza, UDeCOTT website.

Buildings and structures in Port of Spain
Government of Trinidad and Tobago
Skyscrapers in Trinidad and Tobago


Mariam Arshaki Aslamazyan (; Armenian: Մարիամ Ասլամազյան; 20 October 1907 – 16 July 2006) was a Soviet painter, recognized as a People's Artist of the Armenian SSR (1965) and People's Artist of the Soviet Union (1990).

Born near Alexandropol (today Gyumri), Aslamazyan has been referred to as the "Armenian Frida Kahlo" due to her depictions of traditional Armenian culture, her bright, modernist palette, eclectic personal style, and self-portraits depicting herself in traditional Armenian dress. She also enjoyed a successful career as an independent woman artist working in a male-dominated profession in the mid-twentieth-century.

Aslamazyan was the student of Stepan Aghajanian and Petrov-Vodkin and is a representative of the Armenian school of decorative-planar still life paintings and portraits, as well as an accomplished ceramicist. The saturated colors, flattened space, and decorative motifs of Aslamazyan's paintings reflect a variety of influences, including Western modernists Henri Matisse and Paul Cézanne and the earlier Armenian avant-garde which included such seminal painters as Martiros Saryan. She also painted overtly Socialist Realist work, which was required of Official artists of the day, most notably The Return of the Hero (1943) for which she was awarded the Medal "For the Defence of the Caucasus."

Aslamazyan enjoyed a successful career in the Soviet system, earning recognition through official channels. She received funding through the Artists' Union to travel to numerous countries around the world, including Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, China, German Democratic Republic (today Germany), France, India, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, United Arab Republic (today Egypt and Syria), and Yugoslavia. In 1957, the Soviet government sent her on an officially sanctioned trip to India to help to establish friendly diplomatic ties between the two countries. An exhibition was mounted at the end of her trip to showcase the paintings she'd created during her time in the country which was attended by Indira Gandhi, who also appeared in some of the paintings. This and three subsequent trips in 1970, 1973, and 1975, played a significant role in establishing positive Indo-Soviet diplomatic ties.

The Gallery of Mariam and Eranuhi Aslamazyan Sisters, located in the sisters' hometown, holds a large collection of their works in oil and ceramic which are on permanent display. Her sister, Eranuhi Aslamazyan, was also an artist. Aslamazyan's work is held in the National Gallery of Armenia and in the Derfner Judaica Museum.

Aslamazyan died in Moscow and was buried in Yerevan's Komitas Pantheon. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Aslamazyan's work and her paintings have been featured in contemporary exhibitions.

The importance of Mariam and Eranuhi Aslamazyan lies not only in their art but also in their devotion to their homeland. Throughout their career, the sisters represented Armenian culture in numerous cities around the world and never stopped praising Armenia as their first and foremost inspiration in art.

In 1976, Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India visited Soviet Russia and Soviet Armenia. Out of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union, Gandhi had chosen to visit Armenia partially thanks to Mariam Aslamazyan.

Both Mariam and Eranuhi had visited India on several occasions. Prior to Gandhi's trip to Armenia, Mariam had received the Jawaharlal Nehru Award from the Indian government for a series of paintings devoted to India and had met with Gandhi. It was during that meeting when Gandhi decided to visit Armenia as well. After a reception organized for Nehru prize laureates, Gandhi approached Mariam and started to examine her traditional Armenian silver belt with curiosity.

“'What is this?’ she asked. I explained that it's a traditional garment that Armenian women pass down from generation to generation. I suggested giving it to her as a present but she refused to state that the portrait [Mariam had painted a portrait of Gandhi's father, and previous leader of India Jawaharlal Nehru] is a great present and I should keep my belt as a memory from my ancestors. Then she also told me that she is planning a trip to the Soviet Union, and wants to be in Moscow and our homeland, Armenia, about which she had heard many good things.

References

Sources
 Pilosyan, Syuzanna (2007). Mariam Aslamazian. Amrots Publishing. .
 Bown, Matthew Cullerne (1993). "Painting in the non-Russian Republics". In Art of the Soviets: Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in a One-party State, 1917-1992. Manchester University Press. .

External links
 Official website for The Gallery of Mariam and Eranuhi Aslamazyan Sisters
 Асламазян Мариам Аршаковна, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
 Mariam Aslamazyan in ArtPanorama Gallery
 Mariam Aslamazyan in the Encyclopedia of Hayazg

1907 births
2006 deaths
Ethnic Armenian painters
Soviet painters
People's Artists of the USSR (visual arts)
People from Gyumri
Burials at the Komitas Pantheon
Armenian women painters
Russian women painters
Soviet Armenians
20th-century Russian painters
Soviet women artists
20th-century Russian women


Ermineskin is a residential neighbourhood in south west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The neighbourhood is named for Chief Ermineskin of Maskwacis.

The neighbourhood is bounded on the west by 111 Street, on the south by 23 Avenue, and on the east by Calgary Trail and Gateway Boulevard. The north boundary is a utility corridor located just to the north of 29 Avenue.

The community is represented by the Ermineskin Community League, established in 1978, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at 107 Street and 32A Avenue.

Demographics
In the City of Edmonton's 2012 municipal census, Ermineskin had a population of  living in  dwellings, a 9.4% change from its 2009 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  people/km2 in 2012.

Residential development
While some residential development in Ermineskin dates to the 1960s and earlier, according to the 2001 federal census the bulk or residential development in the neighbourhood occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Approximately two out of every five (42.6%) were built during the 1970s.  Another one in three (30.5%) were built during the 1980s. One in five (19.7%) were built during the 1990s.

According to the 2005 municipal census, the most common type of residences in the neighbourhood are rented apartments and apartment style condominiums. These account for approximately two out of every three (66%) residences in the neighbourhood. Approximately half of all apartment style residences are in low-rise buildings with fewer than five stories while the other half are in high-rise buildings with five or more stories.  One residence in six (16%)are single-family dwellings and one residence in eight (13%) are row houses.  One in twenty (5%) are duplexes  Almost three out of every four (72%) residences in the neighbourhood are rented, while just over on in four (28%) are owner-occupied.

Century Park

Century Park is a transit-oriented development.  It replaces the now vacant Heritage Mall site, and will eventually be home to almost 5,000 residents, hundreds of thousands of square feet of office and retail space, parks, and a small lake.  The development is served by the Century Park LRT Station as part of the South LRT Expansion, completed in April 2010.

The total cost of the project when completed in 2014 is estimated to be one billion dollars.

Almost 100 people lined up overnight outside the development's marketing centre when the first condos went on sale in September 2006, at a starting price of $393,000. All 131 units available for sale were sold out within six hours.

Population mobility
The population in Ermineskin is highly mobile.  According to the 2005 municipal census, one resident in four (24.5%) had moved within the previous twelve months.  Another one in four (28.3%) had moved within the previous one to three years.  Only one resident in three (33.1%) had lived at the same address for five years or longer.

Schools
There are no schools in Ermineskin.  Schooling for children in Ermineskin is provided at schools in surrounding neighbourhoods:
 Edmonton Public School System
 Keheewin Elementary School in Keheewin
 Steinhauer Elementary School in Steinhauer
 Sweet Grass Public School in Sweet Grass
 Edmonton Catholic School System
 St. Sophia Catholic School in Sweet Grass
 St. Teresa Catholic Elementary School in Blue Quill
 St. Augustine Catholic Elementary School in Duggan

Surrounding neighbourhoods

See also
 Edmonton Federation of Community Leagues

References

External links
 Ermineskin Neighbourhood Profile

Neighbourhoods in Edmonton


The biogeographic regionalization of Earth's terrestrial biodiversity, known as Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW), is made up of 867 ecoregions that are divided into 14 biomes. In addition to offering a comprehensive map of terrestrial biodiversity, TEOW also provides a global species database for ecological analyses and priority setting, a logical biogeographic framework for large-scale conservation strategies, a map for enhancing biogeographic literacy, and a foundation for the Global 200.

Similarly, another author indicated that there are 14 distinct biomes, including as forests, grasslands, and deserts, among the 846 ecoregions that make up the area. Ecoregions vary in size; the island group of St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks in the Atlantic Ocean is only 6 km2, while the East Siberian Taiga is 39 million km2.

The following is a list of ecoregions in Nigeria, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature.

Terrestrial ecoregions
by major habitat type

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

 Cameroonian Highlands forests
 Cross–Niger transition forests
 Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests
 Niger Delta swamp forests
 Nigerian lowland forests

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

 East Sudanian savanna
 Guinean forest–savanna mosaic
 Mandara Plateau mosaic
 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
 Sahelian Acacia savanna
 West Sudanian savanna

Montane grasslands and shrublands

 Jos Plateau forest–grassland mosaic

Flooded grasslands and savannas

 Lake Chad flooded savanna

Mangroves

 Central African mangroves

Freshwater ecoregions
by bioregion

Nilo-Sudan

 Bight Coastal
 Lake Chad Catchment
 Lower Niger-Benue
 Niger Delta

West Coastal Equatorial

 Northern West Coastal Equatorial

Marine ecoregions
 Gulf of Guinea Central

References

 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Toham, Andre Kamdem et al., eds. (2006). A Vision for Biodiversity Conservation in Central Africa: Biological Priorities for Conservation in the Guinean-Congolian Forest and Freshwater Region. World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC. Page A-52.

Environment of Nigeria
Nigeria
Ecoregions


Naseer H. Aruri (, 7 January 1934 – 10 February 2015) was an American scholar-activist and expert on Middle East politics, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and human rights.  Aruri was Chancellor Professor (Emeritus) of Political Science, having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998. In 1993, he was the recipient of the College of Arts and Sciences “Distinguished Research Award”. Aruri’s papers have been preserved and are on display at the Claire T. Carney Library Archives and Special Collections at UMASS-Dartmouth.

Early life
He was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine in 1934.  His father was a high school principal in Jerusalem and he and his family split their time between Jerusalem and the West Bank village of Burham, where the family home still stands.  Aruri emigrated to the United States in 1954 in order to pursue a college education. He arrived in Springfield, Massachusetts, where his brother, Said, was already a student at the American International College (AIC).  He received his B.A. in History from AIC and his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. While a student at AIC, he was "adopted" by the sizeable Lebanese community of Springfield and later married Joyce Thomas, the daughter of a Lebanese immigrant. The couple eventually settled in the Town of Dartmouth, Massachusetts and have four children and 13 grandchildren.

Career
Aruri was elected to three consecutive terms as a member of the board of directors of Amnesty International, USA (1984-1990). He was also a member of the board of directors of the New York-based Human Rights Watch/Middle East, 1990-1992.  Aruri was a founding member of the Arab Organization for Human Rights (AOHR), Cairo and Geneva in 1982 and a member of the editorial board of Third World Quarterly (London). He was a key participant in the drafting of the Arab Covenant of Human Rights under the auspices of the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Justice, in Siracusa, Italy in December 1986. He is a member of the Independent Palestinian Commission for the Protection of Citizens Rights (Ramallah) since its inception in January 1994, and a member of the advisory board of directors of the International Institute for Criminal Investigations in The Hague.  Aruri has spoken at the United Nations on several occasions and delivered the Keynote address on the occasion of the 40th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights at the invitation of the United Nations Staff Union – U.N. Headquarters, New York, on December 9, 1988. He has testified as an “expert witness” in US Federal and Canadian Courts in cases dealing with political asylum and deportation.

Aruri is a former member of the Palestinian National Council, the parliament-in-exile of the Palestinian people and served on the Central Council of the  Palestine Liberation Organization. He was a founding member and twice served as President of the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG).  He was also a founding member and former Chair of the Board of Directors of the Trans-Arab Research Institute and a member of the Board of Directors of the Jerusalem Fund and its Palestine Center Committee.

Aruri has spoken at hundreds of universities and scholarly conferences and has appeared as a guest on numerous media outlets throughout the world, including PBS NewsHour, CNN Crossfire, CNN Lou Dobbs Tonight (Moneyline), ABC News, C-SPAN, Al Jazeera and has been a commentator on NPR, Pacifica Radio, the BBC, Radio Monte Carlo, the Voice of America and Alternative Radio.

Aruri has published widely in newspapers, magazines and scholarly journals throughout the Globe.  He is the author/editor of numerous books, chiefly on the subject of American foreign policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.   Aruri’s many publications include The Palestinian Resistance to Israeli Occupation (AAUG Press 1970), Enemy of the Sun: Poems of Palestinian Resistance, with Edmund Ghareeb (Drum and Spear Press 1970);  Occupation: Israel Over Palestine (AAUG Press, 1983/ZED Press 1985; 2nd Edition, 1989)  (chosen by the American Library Association’s Choice Magazine      as an “Outstanding Academic Book for 1984/1985”); The Obstruction of Peace: The U.S., Israel and the Palestinians (Common Courage Press, 1995), Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return (Pluto, 2001). "Revising Culture, Reinventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said" with Muhammad Shuraydi (Interlink, 2001). His book Dishonest Broker: the U.S. Role in Israel and Palestine, (South End Press 2003) has also been translated into Arabic, Spanish and Italian.  He is the co-author (with the late Professor Samih Farsoun) of Palestine and the Palestinians: A Social and Political History. Second Edition, Westview Press (2006).

Aruri was a consistent critic of the decades long U.S. dominated “peace process” that he has argued was never intended to reach a just peace, but rather designed to serve Israeli and American interests in the region.  He was a harsh critic of the Oslo Peace Accords in what he suggested, at the time, amounted to a surrendering of the internationally recognized rights of the Palestinian people. He has been especially vocal in his criticism of the PLO, and later the Palestine Authority (PA), for its complicity in a process that he has described as providing the framework and cover for further Israeli colonization of Palestinian land.

Personal life
Aruri and his wife Joyce (Thomas) married in 1961. They have four children and thirteen grandchildren. Aruri died of complications from Parkinson's disease on 10 February 2015, aged 81.

Publications
 The Palestinian Resistance to Israeli Occupation (1970)
 Enemy of the Sun: Poems of Palestinian Resistance, with Edmund Ghareeb (1970)

 Occupation: Israel Over Palestine (Editor) (1983)
 The Obstruction of Peace: The U.S., Israel, and the Palestinians (1995)
 Revising Culture, Reinventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said (Co-editor) (Interlink, 2001)
 Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return (Editor) (Pluto Press, 2001)
 Dishonest Broker: America's Role in Israel and Palestine (South End Press, 2003)
 Palestine and the Palestinians: A Social and Political History, (2nd Edition) (with Samih Farsoun) (Westview Press, 2006)
 Bitter Legacy: The United States in the Middle East. (Haymarket Books May 2014)
 Israel's sacred terrorism by Livia Rokach (Preface: Naseer H. Aruri) (AAUG Press c1980, 1982, 1986)

References

 Profile of Naseer Aruri at the Institute for Middle East Understanding
 "Naseer Aruri to speak at UW-Eau Claire forum", University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 29 October 2001
 "Personality: Naseer Aruri", The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, June 1987
 Biography of Naseer Aruri at Selves and Others

External links
 "Oslo: Cover for Territorial Conquest - An Interview with Naseer Aruri", International Socialist Review, December 2000-January 2001
 Untold stories: Said Arouri, IMEU

2015 deaths
American people of Palestinian descent
Palestinian academics
1934 births
Academic staff of Birzeit University
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Scientists from Jerusalem
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth faculty
American International College alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Amnesty International people
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
People from Dartmouth, Massachusetts
People from Bani Zeid al-Sharqiya


Frank T. Hackethal (December 13, 1891 – July 13, 1954) was a prominent St. Louis organized crime figure in the early 20th century. He was one of nine members of the Egan's Rats to be convicted of mail robbery on November 15, 1924.

Hackethal was born in Denver, Colorado. By 1893 his parents had returned to the Chouteau Township area of Madison County, Illinois. Frank served with the American forces during World War I. By 1921 he had turned to a life of crime.

A high-ranking member of the Egan gang, Hackethal owned a popular resort on Long Lake, about thirty miles from Staunton, Illinois. This resort was a favorite hangout of the Rats, who used it as a base of operations while they were planning a mail robbery in Staunton.

Hackethal's resort was also the scene of a violent inter-gang dispute on May 24, 1923, when David "Chippy" Robinson, James "Sticky" Hennessey, and Joe Powderly showed up to do some drinking. The former two had lured Powderly to the joint for the express purpose of killing him. When this was accomplished, the two Egans dragged his body out of the joint and put it in their car. While Hennessey propped up Powderly's dead body, Chippy Robinson stuck a cigar in the corpse's mouth and cracked jokes about the man he just killed. The Weekend at Bernie's-style antics continued until they reached the Mississippi River, where they disposed of the body. Two days later, the Rats committed their Staunton mail robbery, netting $45,000.

Hackethal, along with eight other Rats, was convicted for taking part in the Staunton mail robbery in November 1924. He drew a 25-year sentence at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Within two years, Hackethal and several others were transferred to the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. Hackethal finished his sentence in Springfield, Illinois, and was released in January 1941.

Hackethal died at home in Granite City on July 13, 1954. He was survived by six of his eight siblings.

References

1891 births
1954 deaths
American gangsters
Jewish American gangsters
Gangsters from St. Louis
People from Granite City, Illinois
20th-century American Jews


The Eagle's Talons is a 1923 American film serial directed by Duke Worne. The film is considered to be lost.

Cast
 Fred Thomson - Jack Alden
 Ann Little - Enid Markham
 Al Wilson - Charles Dean
 Herbert Fortier - Gregory Markham
 Joseph W. Girard - Burton Thorne
 Edith Stayart - Helen Thorne
 Edward Cecil - Judson Steele
 Roy Tompkins - Cinders
 Joe Bonomo - Thorne's henchman
 Albert J. Smith - Thorne's henchman
 George Magrill - Thorne's henchman
 Tom Tyler - Extra (uncredited) (unconfirmed)

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1923 films
1920s action films
1923 lost films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Duke Worne
Lost American action films
Universal Pictures film serials
1920s American films
Silent American action films


Marshal Choe Kwang ( July 17, 1918 – February 21, 1997) was a prominent military leader in North Korea.

Biography
He graduated from the Soviet Military School and served as captain in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army until the end of the Japanese occupation. In February 1948, he took office as the 1st Division Commander of the Korean People's Army. In September 1948, he was elected to the Supreme People's Assembly. In June 1950, the 13th Division Commander of the Chosun People's Army and in October 1952, Kang Kun-Gun School (currently Kang-Gun General School) was inaugurated. In October 1953, he became the commander of the 5th Corps of the Chosun People's Army, and in January 1954, he was promoted to Lieutenant General of the Chosun People's Army and became the Chief of Staff of the 1st Corps.

In April 1956, he was elected as a candidate for the Central Committee of the Party at the 3rd Party Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea. In June 1958, he became the commander of the Air Force, and in June 1960, he was promoted to the Korean People's Army. In September 1961, he was elected as the central member of the party at the 4th Party Congress. In September 1962 he became vice of the National Security Agency (Abolished in 1972 and reorganized into the Ministry of People's Armed Forces). In February 1963, he was promoted to Captain of the Korean People's Army and became the Chief of General of Staff. On October 2, 1966, he was elected as a candidate for the Political Committee of the Party at the 2nd Party Delegates' Meeting, and in December 1967 he was elected to the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly. However, in March 1969, he was dismissed and became a mining worker.

In April 1976, he was reinstated while taking office as chairman of the People's Committee of the South Hwanghae Province. At the 6th Party Congress in October 1980, he was elected to the Central Committee of the WPK and the candidate member of the Political Bureau. In March 1981, he became Deputy Prime Minister Jung Moo-won. In April 1982, Jung Moo-won was inaugurated as Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Fisheries Committee. On February 12, 1988, he withdrew from the deputy prime minister and transferred to the military. He was inaugurated as the Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People's Army and a member of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea.

On May 23, 1990, he was elected a member of the Party's Political Bureau at the 18th Plenary Session of the 6th Party Central Committee, and took office as vice-president of the National Defence Commission . In 1991, he was elected as a member of the Party's Central Military Committee, and on April 20, 1992, he was granted the title of Deputy General of the Korean People's Army. On October 8, 1995, he was appointed Minister of the People's Armed Forces. and was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Korean People's Army.

He was one of three military officers in the North Korean Armed Forces who reached rank of Wonsu (Marshal) with the title "Marshal of the Korean People's Army".

Death and funeral
Choe died of a heart attack on February 21, 1997. On his funeral committee were:

 Kim Jong Il
 Ri Jong-ok
 Pak Song-chol
 Kim Yong-ju
 Kim Yong-nam
 Ri Ul-sol
 Jo Myong-rok
 Kim Yong-chun
 Kye Ung-thae
 Chon Pyong-ho
 Han Song-ryong
 Kim Chol-man
 Choe Thae-bok
 Yang Hyong-sop
 Chon Un-sop
 Hong Song-nam
 Hong Sok-hyong
 Kim Kuk-thae
 Kim Ki-nam
 Kim Jung-rin
 Kim Yong-sun
 Yun Ki-bok
 Kim Kwang-chin
 Paek Hak-rim
 Kim Ik-hyon
 Ri Tu-ik
 Choe In-tok
 Hwang Sun-hui
 Choe Song-suk
 Kim Yong-yon
 Ri Jong-san
 Kim Jong-kak
 O Ryong-pang
 Ri Pyong-uk
 Jong Chang-ryol
 Ri Yong-su
 Kim Ha-kyu
 Hyon Chol-hae
 Won Ung-hui
 Pak Jae-kyong
 Ri Myong-su
 Kim Tae-sik
 Ok Pong-ran
 Kim Myong-kuk
 Kim Kyok-sik
 Chang Song-u
 Chon Chin-su
 Ju Sang-song
 Kim Il-chol
 Kang Tong-yon
 Pak Ki-song
 Ri Yong-chol
 Kim Yong-un
 Chon Jae-son
 Yo Chun-sok
 Kim Song-kyu
 Jong Ho-kyun
 Paek Sang-ho
 Ri Thaek-chol
 O Kum-chol
 Ri Yong-hwan
 Kim Hyong-ryong
 Chon Chi-ryon
 Choe Sang-ryo
 Ri Pyong-sam
 Chi Yong-jun
 Kim Ki-son
 Pak Sung-won
 An Pi-tuk
 Ri Pong-ju
 Kim Sung-yon
 Ri Chang-han
 Jong Thae-kun
 Yom Chol-song
 Pyon Sang-mo
 Kim Mun-hong
 Ri Chu-ul
 Han Tae-myon
 Son Chol-ju
 Kim Sang-thae
 Choe Ho-jun
 Tong Yong-il
 Kim Ki-nam
 Paek Bo-kyong
 Kim Tu-nam

References

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|-

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|-

|-

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1918 births
1997 deaths
North Korean military personnel
Defence ministers of North Korea
North Korean military personnel of the Korean War
Members of the 6th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Alternate members of the 6th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 5th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Members of the 1st Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 2nd Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 3rd Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 4th Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 5th Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 6th Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 7th Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 8th Supreme People's Assembly
Members of the 9th Supreme People's Assembly
People from North Hamgyong Province
People of 88th Separate Rifle Brigade


Ice River Glacier is located  northeast of Mount Olympus in the Olympic Mountains of Olympic National Park in the U.S. state of Washington.  Starting at an elevation of  on the northern slope of a subpeak of Mount Olympus known as Mercury (), the glacier flows northwest as it descends. The glacier reaches as low as  before terminating. Though the glacier lies adjacent to the much larger Blue Glacier, an arête separates the two glaciers.

See also
List of glaciers in the United States

References

Glaciers of the Olympic Mountains
Glaciers of Jefferson County, Washington
Glaciers of Washington (state)


Downloadable content (DLC) is additional content created for an already released video game, distributed through the Internet by the game's publisher. It can either be added for no extra cost or it can be a  form of video game monetization, enabling the publisher to gain additional revenue from a title after it has been purchased, often using some type of microtransaction system.

DLC can range from cosmetic content, such as skins, to new in-game content such as characters, levels, modes, and larger expansions that may contain a mix of such content as a continuation of the base game. In some games, multiple DLC (including future DLC not yet released) may be bundled as part of a "season pass"—typically at a discount in comparison to purchasing each DLC individually.

While the Dreamcast was the first home console to support DLC (albeit in a limited form due to hardware and internet connection limitations), Microsoft's Xbox console and Xbox Live platform helped to popularize the concept. Since the seventh generation of video game consoles, DLC has been a prevalent feature of most major video game platforms with internet connectivity.

Since the popularization of microtransactions in online distribution platforms such as Steam, the term DLC has become a synonymous for any form of paid content in video games, regardless of whether they constitute the download of new content. Furthermore, this led to the creation of the oxymoronic term "on-disc DLC" for content included on the game's original files, but locked behind a paywall.

History

Precursors to DLC

The earliest form of downloadable content were offerings of full games, such as on the Atari 2600's GameLine service, which allowed users to download games using a telephone line. A similar service, Sega Channel, allowed for the downloading of games to the Sega Genesis over a cable line. While the GameLine and Sega Channel services allowed for the distribution of entire titles, they did not provide downloadable content for existing titles.

Expansion packs were sold at retail for some PC games, which featured content such as additional levels, characters, or maps for a base game. They often required an installation of the original game in order to function, but some games (such as Half-Life) had "standalone" expansions, which were essentially spin-off games that reused engine code and assets from the original game.

On consoles
The Dreamcast was the first console to feature online support as a standard; DLC was available, though limited in size due to the narrowband connection and the size limitations of a memory card. These online features were still considered a breakthrough in video games, but the competing PlayStation 2 did not ship with a built-in network adapter.

With the advent of the Xbox, Microsoft was the second company to implement downloadable content. Many original Xbox Live titles, including Splinter Cell, Halo 2, and Ninja Gaiden, offered varying amounts of extra content, available for download through the Xbox Live service. Most of this content, with the notable exception of content for Microsoft-published titles, was available for free.

The Xbox 360 (2005) included more robust support for digital distribution, including DLC downloads and purchases, via its Xbox Live Marketplace service. Microsoft believed that publishers would benefit by offering small pieces of content at a small cost ($1 to $5), rather than full expansion packs (~$20), as this would allow players to pick and chose what content they desired, providing revenue to the publishers. Microsoft also utilized a digital currency known as "Microsoft Points" for transactions, which could also be purchased through physical gift cards to avoid the banking fees associated with the small price points.

Sony adopted the same approach with their downloadable hub, the PlayStation Store. With Gran Turismo HD Concept, Sony planned on having the bulk of its content be purchased separately via many separate online microtransactions. The project was later canceled in favor of the full Gran Turismo 5. Nintendo has featured a sparser amount of downloadable content on their Wii Shop Channel, the bulk of which is accounted for by digital distribution of emulated Nintendo titles from previous generations.

Music video games, such as titles from the Guitar Hero and Rock Band franchises, took significant advantage of downloadable content as a means of offering new songs to be played in-game. Harmonix claimed that Guitar Hero II would feature "more online content than anyone has ever seen in a game to this date." Rock Band features the largest number of downloadable items of any console video game, with a steady number of new songs that were added weekly between 2007 and 2013. Acquiring all the downloadable content for Rock Band would, as of July 12, 2012, cost $9,150.10.

On personal computers
As the popularity and speed of internet connections rose, so did the popularity of using the internet for digital distribution of media. User-created game mods and maps were distributed exclusively online, as they were mainly created by people without the infrastructure capable of distributing the content through physical media.

In 1997, Cavedog offered a new unit every month as free downloadable content for their real-time strategy computer game Total Annihilation.

Later PC digital distribution platforms, such as Games for Windows Marketplace and Steam would add support for DLC in a similar manner to consoles.

On handhelds
Nokia phones of the late 1990s and early 2000s shipped with side-scrolling shooter Space Impact, available on various models. With the introduction of WAP in 2000, additional downloadable content for the game, with extra levels, became available.

The Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service on the Nintendo DS could be used to obtain a form of DLC for certain games, such as Picross DS—where players could download puzzle "packs" of classic puzzles from previous Picross games (such as Mario's Picross). as well as downloadable user generated content. Due to the Nintendo DS's use of cartridges and lack of dedicated storage, most "DLC" for DS games was limited in scope, or in some cases (such as Professor Layton and the Curious Village and Moero! Nekketsu Rhythm Damashii Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan 2), was already part of the game's data on the cartridge, and merely unlocked.

The Nintendo 3DS supported the purchase of DLC for supported titles for Nintendo eShop.

Starting with iOS 3, downloadable content became available for the platform via applications bought from the App Store.  While this ability was initially only available to developers for paid applications, Apple eventually allowed for developers to offer this in free applications as well in October 2009.

On-disc DLC
In some cases, a purchased DLC may not actually download new content to the device, but merely consists of data used to enable associated content that is already present within the game's data. DLC of this nature revealed via data mining is typically referred to as "on-disc DLC" or PULC (premium unlockable content).

This practice has sometimes been considered controversial, with publishers being accused of using what is effectively a microtransaction to lock access to content that was already contained within the game as sold at retail.

Data relating to future DLC may be included on-disc or downloaded during updates for technical reasons as well, either to ensure online multiplayer compatibility for existing content between players who have not yet purchased the new DLC, or as dormant support code for planned content that is still in development at the time of the release.

Monetization
Downloadable content is often offered for a price. Since Facebook games popularized the business model of microtransactions, some have criticized downloadable content as being overpriced and an incentive for developers to leave items out of the initial release, with The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion's "horse armor" DLC having faced a mixed reception upon its release for that reason. However, by 2009, the Horse Armor DLC was one of the top ten content packs that Bethesda had sold, which justified the DLC model for future games. Where a normal software disc may allow its license sold or traded, DLC is generally locked to a specific user's account and does not come with the ability to transfer that license to another user.

In addition to individual content downloads, video game publishers sometimes offer a "season pass", which allows users to pre-order a selection of upcoming content over a specific time period, and ensuring the customer's ability to immediately obtain the content upon release. As users do not have the ability to fully preview the content before their purchase, there is a chance that the content of a season pass may not be of a sufficient quality to justify the purchase. In multiplayer games, season passes may also segregate the player base if it is the primary means of receiving gameplay content such as maps.

Microsoft has been known to require developers to charge for their content, when the developers would rather release their content for free. Some content has even been withheld from release because the developer refused to charge the amount Microsoft required. Epic Games, known for continual support of their older titles with downloadable updates, believed that releasing downloadable content over the course of a game's lifetime helped increase sales throughout, and had succeeded well with that business-model in the past, but was required to implement fees for downloads when releasing content for their Microsoft-published game, Gears of War.

As of 2010 the sale of DLC makes up around 20% of video games sales, a substantial portion of a developer's profit margin. Developers are beginning to use the sale of DLC for an already successful game series to fund the development of new IPs or sequels to existing games.

Availability
DLC is usually distributed through a console platform's online storefront, such as Microsoft Store, Nintendo eShop, PlayStation Store, or similar storefronts for PC games such as Steam. Platform exclusivity can also apply to DLC, with Activision having reserved a timed exclusivity period for DLC in the Call of Duty franchise to PlayStation consoles.

Some time after a game's original release, a publisher may reissue the game at retail with all of its existing DLC included at no additional charge and, in some cases, exclusive content which may be released as DLC for existing owners in the future. The resulting SKU is often branded with a subtitle to distinguish it from the original release, such as "Game of the Year Edition", "Definitive Edition" or "Complete Edition". Destiny was reissued twice to coincide with its "Year 2" and "Year 3" milestones and associated DLC expansions The Taken King and Rise of Iron; a compilation of the game's existing DLC and The Taken King was released in 2015 under the title Destiny: The Taken King - Legendary Edition, while the game was re-issued again in 2016 as Destiny: The Collection to add Rise of Iron.

There have also been cases where DLCs were intended to be part of the main game, but they were later stripped out of it in order to be sold as a separate feature. Tomb Raider: Underworld has been criticized for providing two DLCs, exclusive to the Xbox 360, that were supposedly removed from the original game. The Sims 4: My First Pet was likewise criticised for containing items that had seemingly been removed from the Cats & Dogs expansion, with the DLC requiring the downloadable expansion pack in order to work. PCGamesN described it as "a stuff pack for an expansion pack".

In other media
While video games are the origins of downloadable content, with movies, books and music also becoming more popular in the digital sphere, experimental DLC has also been attempted. Amazon's Kindle service for example allows updating ebooks, which allows authors to not only update and correct work, but also add content.

Notes

References

Download managers
Digital media
Video game distribution

Video game terminology


Ardin () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

See also
Communes of the Deux-Sèvres department

References

Communes of Deux-Sèvres


Pip Simmonds is a New Zealand freestyle skier. She was the New Zealand freestyle and half-pipe champion for many years. Simmonds represented New Zealand as a finalist at the US Open.

Pip is not only a freeskier. She also makes jewelry out of native New Zealand shells. She started making jewelry when she was living in Telluride, Colorado.

Simmonds has sponsorships with many of the largest companies in the ski industry. She is sponsored by Smith Optics NZ, Icebreaker NZ, and Liberty Skis.

She has written a series of fiction novels and now lives on the beach and surfs as much as possible.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
New Zealand female freestyle skiers


Las Lajas ("The Flagstones") is a town in Neuquén Province, Argentina, and the capital of Picunches Department. The town, at an altitude of  above mean sea level, is located on the right shore of Agrio River at the Andean foothills. National Routes 22 and 40 intersect in this area of the central Neuquén Province. The Cuchillo Curá range, considered the most important underground ecosystem in Argentina, extends approximately  from Las Lajas.

Before the Araucanization of Patagonia, Las Lajas was originally populated by Pehuenche and Picunche natives. In 1788, the first expedition into the territory, under the command Francisco Esquivel y Aldao, reached Las Lajas. In 1882, commander Ortega established a fort for the Argentinian Army. The town was established on 8 February 1897, by General Enrique Godoy, the Argentinian Army's 4th Division commander. To take possession of the region and protect the inhabitants from the natives, the town became the headquarters of the 8th and 9th Cavalry Regiments. It was named "Las Lajas" after the creek Las Lajitas, whose bed soil is mainly composed of the stones. Governor Alsina and the inhabitants of the town requested to move the National Territory's capital from Chos Malal to Las Lajas. The capital was ultimately moved to Neuquén city in 1902. The town received its current status of second-category municipality in 1967.

The fodder production is largest agricultural activity in the region. The soils of the area remain unexplored, and for the lack of technical information, subsequently the oil and natural gas invest in locations such as Loma de La Lata. Another major aspect of the town is the Argentina Army's 21 Mountain Infantry Regiment. Following its closure of in the late 1990s, the regiment re-opened in 2004 with a diminution of the personnel to 250 soldiers as of 2011, out of an original of 1,000. This increased the number of customers and raised the solicitations for commercial licenses. The opening of the Pino Hachado Pass increased the quantity of vehicles and people that go through the town.

History
Archeological evidences found at Mallín del Tromen suggest that the Picunches Department was populated at around 4500 BP. Before the Araucanization of Patagonia, which took place sometime between 1550 and 1850, this region of the current Neuquén Province was inhabited by Picunche and Pehuenches natives. In 1788, the first expedition into the territory of the current province reached the Las Lajas area under order of commander Francisco Esquivel y Aldao, who traveled  from Mendoza with his men.

The first fort of the Argentinian army in the area was built by commander Ortega around 1882. The local postal office started working in 1886 and the telegraph arrived one year later. On 8 February 1897, the Argentinian Army's 4th Division Commander General Enrique Godoy ordered the establishment of the town as the headquarters of the 8 and 9 Cavalry Regiments. It was named Las Lajas ("The Flagstones" in Spanish) after the near creek Las Lajitas, whose bed possesses abundance of that kind of stone. The regiments were there to protect the colonists after the occupation of the native lands, and to take the control of the region. Two years later, an Agrio River flood destroyed the hamlet, which had to be reconstructed on the upper part of the valley. Those lands belonged to the later Governor Juán Alsina, who exchanged them for lands in Primeros Pinos and Pino Hachado.

The local court was opened on 23 January 1901, and the following year the first police station was established. In 1903, Governor Alsina and local ranchers wanted to move the National Territory's capital from Chos Malal to Las Lajas, predicating that its location was more accessible for the rest of the Territory's towns in comparison with the previous city. The capital was ultimately moved to Neuquén city in 1902 with the support of Carlos Governor Bouquet Roldán and landowners of the Confluencia Department.

In 1933, the province's government designated the ejido for the developing committee. Due to its sustained development, the town received its current status of second-category municipality in 1967.

In 1996, a popular but unsuccessful riot tried to prevent the closure of the 21 Mountain Infantry Regiment which was crucial to the town's economy. It remained closed for seven years until its reopening in 2004 with a considerably lower number of men in comparison to its past.

Geography
Las Lajas is located on the right shore of Agrio River at the Andean foothills, where National Routes 22 and 40. The Pino Hachado Pass, which joins Argentina and Chile, is  west of the town. Las Lajas is  from Zapala,  from Neuquén City and  from Buenos Aires. It has an elevation  above mean sea level (AMSL). The local poorly developed soils are composed of a low percentage in organic matter. They belong to the entisol and aridisol orders of the USDA soil taxonomy. Besides the Agrio River, waterways in the area include the Las Lajitas and Liu Cullín Creeks.

Climate
Las Lajas lies within an arid area. The annual precipitation is around , being the values higher during winter months. The average yearly vapor pressure values are relatively low. The average humidity values are above 60 percent during winter, while they are considerable lower during summer. The relative humidity amplitude averages 30 percent yearly. Although the town is located at the same latitude as Neuquén City, the area is higher and the temperature colder. Average temperatures range from  in January to  in July. The daily amplitude is significant, especially in summer. However, considerable interdiurnal variations occur. The highest temperature ever recorded in the area is around  in summer and the lowest around  in winter. The winds range from moderate to strong, having more intensity in the south. The main wind directions are west, northwest and southwest. The clouds cover up to 60 percent of the sky in winter and 30 percent in summer.

Cave systems
The Cuchillo Curá Range extends around  from Las Lajas, on National Route 40. Located at  AMSL, it is considered the most important underground ecosystem in Argentina. The system is composed of the caves El Gendarme, El Templo, El Arenal and Los Cabritos. It possesses a gallery area of .

The other important cave in the area is the Cueva del León, which is situated on the Crodón Curimil to  from the town. It was formed in plaster during the Late Jurassic. It is  long and consists of two chambers named the "Great Chamber" and "Chamber of the Lake".

Demographics
The 1991 Argentinian census registered a total of 3,428 inhabitants in Las Lajas. The quantity increased by 7.8%, reaching the 4,673 in 2001. As of 2010, it was estimated that the town had a permanent population of 4,673, which increased up to 7,000 if non-permanent residents were considered.

Economy
The fodder production is largest agricultural activity in the region. It is recognized by the quality of its grass, especially of the alfalfa. Villa Rural San Demetrio and Colonia Juán Ignacio Alsina are the main establishments.

The closing of Argentina Army's 21 Mountain Infantry in the late 1990s caused the closure of businesses and emigration of inhabitants to other towns. In 2004, the Regiment was reopened increasing the people flux around local businesses by 20 percent and commercial licenses quantity by 12 percent. Although the Regiment's positive impact on the town's economy, it produced a lower income with a personnel of 250 soldiers as of 2011 in comparison to the 1,000 men who served there prior to its closure. The opening of the Pino Hachado Pass increased the quantity of vehicles and people that go through the town.

Since the area's soil remains unexplored and lacks availability of technical information, the oil and natural gas companies opt for investing in known and traditional locations like Loma de La Lata.

The town's economy saw itself benefited by the installment of the CNSA Espacio Lejano deep space station, located in Bajada del Agrio, about 60 km on the provincial route 33. Over 300 local workers were employed for its construction. Although the Chinese staff of the station rarely visits the town, María Espinosa, the mayor by 2019, noted that the facilities have had a positive impact on the local economy.

Tourism
Las Lajas is a hub for travelers that head to some of the province's touristic spots, including the northern hot springs' area in the municipality of Caviahue-Copahue, as well as the ones headed to Chile through the Pino Hachado Pass. The area offers possibilities to practice different activities both in summer and winter, such as hiking, fishing, camping and skiing. Its natural surroundings include an Araucaria forest, the Cuchillo Curá cave system and the Agrio river. In Las Lajas work accommodation facilities and other services for tourists like bars and restaurants.

There are a number of attractions in Las Lajas. Among them is a local museum at the junction between the National Route 22 and the Avenida del Trabajador Street. It exhibits historic objects and archaeological pieces. And, since Las Lajas is a speleology center, the museum also exhibits photos of the Cuchillo Curá y Cueva del León cave systems. During October and November, cultural meetings gather musicians, poets, painters and other kinds of artists. The shores of the Agrio River and of the Liu Cullín and Las Lajitas creeks are popular spots for camping and fishing. During winter months it is possible to ski in the slopes of the near snowpark. Every year in April the Grass Festival, which honors the farmers dedicated to the fodder crop, is held. During the Festival, local meals and artwork are sold, and night folk music spectacles are celebrated.

See also
Chinese space program

References

External links
 Las Lajas official Site

Populated places in Neuquén Province


Drummullan ( meaning "ridge of the bare hill") is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is  west of Coagh,  east of Cookstown,  south of Moneymore and  north of Stewartstown in County Tyrone. Most of the village lies on the Moneymore to Stewartstown road, and is in the Mid-Ulster District.

Sport
Drummullan is home to Derry GAA club CLG Ógra Colmcille.

Notable people
Drummullan's most famous son is the "Irish Giant" Charles Byrne, who was born in Littlebridge in 1761. His 7'7" frame made him a celebrity in England, and his skeleton was put on display at London's Royal College of Surgeons after his death.

References

Villages in County Londonderry
Mid-Ulster District


Good Timin' may refer to:

"Good Timin'" (The Beach Boys song), a song by The Beach Boys
"Good Timin'" (Jimmy Jones song), a UK #1 by Jimmy Jones


The World Rugby Under 20 Championship (known as the IRB Junior World Championship until 2014) is an international rugby union competition. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, World Rugby, and is contested by 12 men's junior national teams with an under-20 age requirement. This event replaced the IRB's former age-grade world championships, the Under 19 and Under 21 World Championships.

The inaugural tournament was held in June 2008, hosted by Wales and with 16 teams participating. Wales was announced as host for the inaugural tournament in November 2007.
The number of participating nations was reduced to 12 before the 2010 tournament due to financial reasons.

The U20 Championship is the upper level of the World Rugby tournament structure for under-20 national sides. At the same time that the U20 Championship was launched, World Rugby (then known as the International Rugby Board) also launched a second-level competition, the U20 Trophy, featuring eight teams.

Promotion and relegation between the Trophy and the Championship is in place. The winner of the Trophy will play in next year's Championship, while the last placed team at the Championship will be relegated to the Trophy for the next year.

Tournament results

Team records

Participating nations

Legend
 = Hosts
 = Champions
 = Runners-up
 = Third place
 = Fourth place
 = Relegated to World Rugby Under 20 Trophy
WT = Competed in the World Rugby Under 20 Trophy
q = Qualified
- = Did not qualify

World Rugby Junior Player of the Year

References

External links

Under 20
Under-20 rugby union competitions
Under 20


James Arthur Surls (born 1943) is an American modernist artist and educator, known for his large sculptures. He founded the Lawndale Alternative Arts Space at the University of Houston in the 1970s.

Biography
James Arthur Surls was born April 19, 1943, in Terrell, Texas. His father Joe William Surls was a carpenter and a cattle breeder. His mother Martha Lucille Surls (née Ramsey) had been made an honorary Cherokee Nation elder as one of "The Wisdom Givers". He was raised in Malakoff, Texas, and spend much of his childhood helping his dad with chopping wood and building wooden structures. Surls attended Malakoff High School. After high school he attended Henderson County Junior College and transferred to a junior college in San Diego. While in San Diego he received notification of the military draft and had to return to Texas to file for deferment.

Surls earned a BS degree in 1966 from Sam Houston State University. He continued his studies and received a MFA degree in 1968 from the Cranbrook Academy of Art, where he studied sculpture under Julius Schmidt.

He taught art at Southern Methodist University, and University of Houston. Students of Surls included artists Mary Jenewein, Bernard Brunon, Peter McClennan, Robert Graham, Mark Diamond, Robert McCoy, Chris Huestis, Diane Falkenhagen, Donald Woodman, and others.

He is best known for large sculptures that are roughly hewn and derive much of their power from a close connection to nature and raw materials. His drawings and prints are largely monotone. Surls' work is particularly organic and primal. Having built a career in the 1980s and 1990s as a Texas artist, Surls relocated to a Colorado ranch and removed his work from for-profit galleries.

In 2009, five Surls bronze-and-steel bouquets were set up on Park Avenue by the New York City Parks Public Art Program and the fund for Park Avenue.

Surls has his work in various public museum collections including the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, the Cranbrook Art Museum, Dallas Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Cleveland Museum of Art, Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art at the University of Oklahoma, Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University, among many others.

Personal life
Surls has three daughters from his first marriage to Martha Ann Gebhart from 1965 to 1972. His second marriage was to Linda Samuels, she was from New England and they had met at Cranbrook Academy of Art. His third marriage was in 1978 to Charmaine Locke in Liberty, Texas, she was a former student of his at Southern Methodist University.

In 1997, he moved from Splendora, Texas, to Carbondale, Colorado.

See also
 Points of View (Surls), (1991), outdoor sculpture, Houston, Texas

References

Further reading
 Acconci, Vito, Visions of paradise, installations by Vito Acconci, David Ireland, and James Surls, March 24 through April 29, 1984, Cambridge, Mass., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1984.
 Auping, Michael, Structure to resemblance, work by eight American sculptors, June 13 – August 23, 1987,  Buffalo, N.Y., Albright-Knox Art Gallery, 1987.
 Graze, Sue, Visions: James Surls, 1974–1984, Dallas, Tex., Dallas Museum of Art, 1984.
 Locke, Charmaine, Leonard Shlain, and James Surls, Finding balance, reconciling the masculine/feminine in contemporary art and culture, Houston, Houston Center for Contemporary Craft, 2006.
 Sultan, Terrie & Eleanor Heartney, James Surls, the Splendora years, 1977–1997, Austin, TX, University of Texas Press, 2005.
 Surls, James, James Surls, embracing paradox, St. Louis, MO, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 2000.
 Surls, James, Jeanne Lil Chvosta, & Fronia W. Simpson, James Surls, in the Meadows and beyond, Dallas, Tex., Meadows Museum, 2004.

External links

Jackelope, from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image

1943 births
Living people
Sam Houston State University alumni
Cranbrook Academy of Art alumni
20th-century American sculptors
Modern sculptors
People from Montgomery County, Texas
People from Garfield County, Colorado
People from Terrell, Texas
Artists from Texas
People from Henderson County, Texas
21st-century American sculptors
Sculptors from Texas


George Magrill (January 5, 1900 – May 31, 1952) was an American film actor who appeared in more than 320 films between 1923 and 1952.

Magrill performed on stage before he began to work in films. Besides his acting, Magrill worked as a stunt man in films. He also served in the Navy and became a lightweight boxing champion in that service branch.

Magrill was born in Brooklyn, New York, was married to Ramona Oliver, and had a daughter named Marilynn. On May 31, 1952, Magrill died in Los Angeles, California.

Partial filmography

The Eagle's Talons (1923)
North of Nevada (1924)
The Mask of Lopez (1924)
Stolen Secrets (1924)
 Duped (1925)
Wild Horse Mesa (1925) - Bert Manerube
Lord Jim (1925)
The Enchanted Hill (1926)
 The Windjammer (1926)
Snowed In (1926)
The Cyclone Cowboy (1927)
Roarin' Broncs (1927)
Ride 'em High (1927)
The Desert of the Lost (1927)
Hawk of the Hills (1927, Serial)
The Ballyhoo Buster (1928)
Vultures of the Sea (1928)
Queen of the Northwoods (1929)
The Galloping Ghost (1931)
The Lost Special (1932)
 The Last Man (1932)
The Mystery Squadron (1933)
King Kong (1933) - Member of Ship's Crew (uncredited)
The Girl from Missouri (1934)
The Merry Widow (1934)
The Phantom Empire (1935)
Three Little Beers (1935)-Traffic policeman (uncredited)
San Francisco (1936)
Flash Gordon (1936, Serial) - Ming's Soldier (uncredited)
Fugitive in the Sky (1936) Unbilled
Secret Agent X-9 (1937)
Night Key (1937)
Shall We Dance (1937)
The Great Waltz (1938)
The Mad Miss Manton (1938)
Dick Tracy Returns (1938)
The Lone Ranger (1938, Serial)
Penitentiary (1938)
Union Pacific (1939)
The Flying Irishman (1939)
The Phantom Creeps (1939)
New Moon (1940)
A Chump at Oxford (1940)
The Secret Seven (1940)
Swanee River (1940)
Love Crazy (1941)
The Sea Wolf (1941)
Buck Privates (1941)
The Spider Returns (1941)
Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942)
 A Yank on the Burma Road (1942)
Tortilla Flat (1942)
Wake Island (1942)
Reap the Wild Wind (1942)
Captain Midnight (1942)
Secret Service in Darkest Africa (1943)
Batman (1943)
Cobra Woman (1944)
The Fighting Seabees (1944)
Captain America (1944, Serial)
They Were Expendable (1945)
Dick Tracy (1945)
Yolanda and the Thief (1945)
The Crimson Ghost (1946)
The Jolson Story (1946)
Daughter of Don Q (1946)
The Mysterious Mr. M (1946)
Merton of the Movies (1947)
Nightmare Alley (1947)
Unconquered (1947)
Body and Soul (1947)
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947)
The Sea of Grass (1947)
Lady in the Lake (1947)
Force of Evil (1948)
Joan of Arc (1948)
G-Men Never Forget (1948)
Arch of Triumph (1948)
Superman (1948, Serial)
Adam's Rib (1949)
Samson and Delilah (1949)
Tulsa (1949)
Trapped (1949)
Three Little Words (1950)
The Invisible Monster (1950)
Tarzan and the Slave Girl (1950)
Angels in the Outfield (1951)
I Was a Communist for the FBI (1951)
Red Planet Mars (1952)
Denver and Rio Grande (1952)
The War of the Worlds (1953)

References

External links

1900 births
1952 deaths
Male actors from New York City
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
20th-century American male actors


Up in Central Park is a Broadway musical with a book by Herbert Fields and Dorothy Fields, lyrics by Dorothy Fields, and music by Sigmund Romberg.  The musical, originally called "Central Park" before Broadway (see image of sheet music), was Romberg's last stage work produced during his lifetime.

Produced by Michael Todd, the Broadway production, staged by John Kennedy, and choreographed by Helen Tamiris, opened on January 27, 1945 at the New Century Theatre, where it ran for 504 performances.  The cast included Noah Beery Sr., Wilbur Evans and Betty Bruce.

The musical is set in the Boss Tweed era of New York City in the 1870s.  Wilbur Evans plays John Matthews, a New York Times reporter investigating the Tweed’s crooked political machine, especially the fraud connected with constructing Central Park.
He falls in love with the daughter of one of the Boss’ ward heelers, who marries a politician, who is killed.  She later rekindles her love for Matthews. The settings, costumes and dances evoked the lithographs of Currier and Ives.

Songs

Act I
 Up from the Gutter
 Carousel in the Park
 It Doesn’t Cost You Anything to Dream
 Boss Tweed
 When She Walks in the Room
 Currier and Ives
 Close as Pages in a Book
 Rip Van Winkle
 The Fireman’s Bride

Act II
 When the Party Gives a Party
 Maypole Dance
 The Big Back Yard
April Snow
Finaletto
The Birds and the Bees

Film version
In 1948 the musical was made into a film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Deanna Durbin, Dick Haymes and Vincent Price. Mary Grant designed the film's costumes. The movie version omits much of the Broadway score and changes the story considerably.  The film was not a success.

Recordings
Decca released an album of eight songs from the show with original cast members Wilbur Evans and Betty Bruce, along with the show orchestra conducted by Max Meth.  Also appearing on the album are Eileen Farrell and Celeste Holm, who were not in the show.

RCA Victor put out an album with Jeanette MacDonald and Robert Merrill singing six selections from the score, with Russell Bennett conducting. (78rpm set M-991, discs 10-1153/4/5)

References

External links

1945 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals by Sigmund Romberg
Musicals by Herbert Fields
Central Park in fiction
Musicals set in New York City
Musicals set in parks


The Department of Munitions and Supply was the Canadian federal government ministry responsible for co-ordinating domestic industry during World War II. It was created by the Department of Munitions and Supply Act with C.D. Howe as its Minister. The Department produced armaments for the war effort and regulated the use of gasoline, silk and other strategic commodities in Canada order to prioritize their use for the war production.

Controllers  all of whom were members of the Wartime Industries Control Board  were appointed to regulate the war supply of key industrial sectors, including:

 timber,
 steel,
 other base metals,
 machine tools,
 oil, and
 power.

By the end of the war, Canada's war production ranked fourth among the Allies. By 1945, 70% of Canada's war production went to supply the Allies and only 30% was needed for Canada's own military. Among the production was 815,729 military vehicles, including 45,710 armoured vehicles, many of which went to the British Eighth Army in North Africa and Italy.

The Department established 28 crown corporations including Polymer Corporation that developed and produced synthetic rubber, Victory Aircraft for the production of bombers and Research Enterprises. It coordinated all purchases made in Canada by British and other Allied governments for materials including military transport vehicles, tanks, cargo and military ships, aircraft, guns and small arms, ammunition as well as uniforms, minesweeping equipment, parachutes, firefighting equipment, and hospital supplies.

The Department was dissolved at the conclusion of World War II and most of its crown corporations sold off. The remaining duties of the department were merged with those of the Department of Reconstruction to create the Department of Reconstruction and Supply. In 1951, a new Department of Defence Production was created, with Howe as its minister until 1957. The department itself existed until 1969 when it was abolished and replaced by the Department of Supply and Services.

Further reading

See also
Imperial Munitions Board

References

External links

Military history of Canada during World War II
Military logistics of Canada
Former Canadian federal departments and agencies


Anthony James "A. J." Thelen (born March 11, 1986) is an American retired professional ice hockey defenseman. He was drafted by the Minnesota Wild in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft, selected 12th overall.

Playing career
After playing for the U.S. National Under-18 Development Program in 2002–03, Thelen joined Michigan State University to play college hockey. After his freshman season in 2003–04, he was drafted in the first round, 12th overall, in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Minnesota Wild. Following his sophomore season with Michigan State, however, he was dismissed by the league for rules infractions.

Accordingly, he joined the major junior Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Prince Albert Raiders. Upon completing his first season in the WHL, Thelen was assigned by the Wild to their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Houston Aeros, where he made his professional debut, playing in one game. The next season, in 2006–07, after missing some time due to a knee sprain, Thelen was traded by the Raiders to the Vancouver Giants, in exchange for defenseman John Flatters and prospect Nathan Deck, where he captured the 2007 Memorial Cup championship with the Giants as tournament hosts.

Unsigned by the Wild out of major junior, Thelen turned pro in the ECHL with the Texas Wildcatters, tallying 35 points in his rookie season.

In 2008–09, Thelen joined the Florida Everblades. During the 2009-10 ECHL season, Thelen was named to the ECHL All-Star Team and took part in the skills competition. Thelen won the Hardest Shot Competition with a shot of 101.9 mph. On February 13, 2010, Thelen would suffer another concussion, the third of his career. He attempted to come back a week later, but ended up sitting out the rest of the season due to post-concussion syndrome.

On September 17, 2010, Thelen signed with the Kalamazoo Wings, the ECHL affiliate of the NHL's New York Islanders

With back issues and a history of concussions, Thelen retired from hockey after the completion of the 2010-11 ECHL season at age 25.

Career statistics

Awards and honors

References

External links

1986 births
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Florida Everblades players
Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players
Ice hockey players from Minnesota
Kalamazoo Wings (ECHL) players
Living people
Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey players
Minnesota Wild draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Prince Albert Raiders players
Rochester Americans players
Texas Wildcatters players
Vancouver Giants players
USA Hockey National Team Development Program players
People from Savage, Minnesota
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans


Dance Vault Remixes: Get It Off/Knock Knock- Remix EP is the first EP by American R&B singer Monica, released in 2004 (see 2004 in music). It features remix-versions of the 2003 songs : "Knock Knock" and song "Get It Off" both from After the Storm in the U.S. Both songs were released as a double A-side and B-side single. It is her first compilation/EP album. It was released for promotional use only.

During 2004, her record company, J Records, issued a 6-track remix EP entitled Dance Vault Remixes: Get It Off/Knock Knock. The album features productions of Kid Chris and Planet Funk Crew. The dance mixes tracks on Dance Vault Remixes: Get It Off/Knock Knock saw minor success with just being an internet release. The album was to promoted the single and promoted by the Knock Knock/Get It Off- DVD Single.

Track listing
Get It Off (That Kid Chris Club Mix) - 8:15
Knock Knock (Planet Funk Club Mix) - 8:27
Get It Off (That Kid Chris Mixshow Edit) - 5:51
Get It Off (That Kid Chris Dub) - 8:56
Knock Knock (Planet Funk Dub Mix) - 8:36
Get It Off (That Kid Chris Radio Edit) - 4:03

References

Monica (singer) albums
2004 EPs
2004 remix albums
Remix EPs
J Records remix albums
J Records EPs


Shindig was a framework for web-based applications. It is an open source project which began in December 2007 to provide a reference implementation for the OpenSocial standard, but was retired in October 2015. The software contains both server-side and client-side code. Once the project is mature, an installation of this product will be capable of rendering OpenSocial gadgets in a web browser.

Features
In the announcement for Shindig's first code commit, four primary features of Shindig were cited:

 Gadget Container JavaScript—core JavaScript foundation for general gadget functionality. This JavaScript manages security, communication, UI layout, and feature extensions, such as the OpenSocial API.
 Gadget Server—an open source version of gmodules.com, which is used to render the gadget XML into JavaScript and HTML for the container to expose via the container JavaScript.
 OpenSocial Container JavaScript—JavaScript environment that sits on top of the Gadget Container JavaScript and provides OpenSocial specific functionality (profiles, friends, activities).
 OpenSocial Gateway Server—an open source implementation of the server interface to container-specific information, including the OpenSocial REST APIs, with clear extension points so others can connect it to their own backends. It helps for open social sources.

See also

 OpenSocial
 Web widget

References

External links

 OpenSocial Foundation Homepage

Social software


Konstantin Buga (born 17 June 1985 in Atbasar, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic) is a German amateur boxer best known for qualifying for the 2008 Olympics as a middleweight.

Career

Buga came to Germany in 1996 and received a German passport in 2002. He won the German championships at welterweight in 2005 but moved up to middleweight later.

He participated in the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships and was one of only two German quarterfinalists that qualified directly for the Olympics.

He upset local hero Shawn Estrada but lost to the surprise runner-up Alfonso Blanco (boxer).

World amateur championships results
Defeated Tobias Webb (Wales) RSCO 3
Defeated Jean-Mickaël Raymond (France) 19-8
Defeated Shawn Estrada (United States) 11-11
Lost to Alfonso Blanco (Venezuela) 9-18

Olympic games results
Lost to Carlos Góngora (Ecuador) 7-14

References

External links
World Championships 2007

Kazakhstani emigrants to Germany
German people of Kazakhstani descent
Middleweight boxers
1985 births
Living people
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Germany
German male boxers


René Sporleder (born 30 November 1969) is a German judoka.

Achievements

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
German male judoka
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century German people


20 Fingers is the self-titled second and final studio album of American music group 20 Fingers. It has been released on October 24, 1995, under Zoo Entertainment/SOS Records, six months after the release of their debut album On the Attack and More.

Background
In 1995, the group released their self-titled second studio album, called "20 Fingers" worldwide. The album has unlike the first studio album, where only two vocalists, Gillette on eleven tracks and Roula on one track, the peculiarity of featuring different vocalists for almost every song. In France, the album was released under the name L'album with an altered cover art and track list. Their first single, fifth overall, "Sex Machine" featuring Katrina (Roxanne Dawn) was released in 1995, which was another club hit but did not sell as well as its predecessors. It was the only single released of this album credited as "20 Fingers featuring Katrina", while further single releases were only credited under the name of the featured vocalist, such as Nerada's "Position #9", Dania's "She Won't Know", Rochelle's "Praying for an Angel" and "Holding on to Love" or A' Lisa B's "I'm in Love" with the addition "A 20 Fingers Production". Next to all new original material, some versions of this album also consist of three previously released 20 Fingers singles "Short Dick Man" and "Lick It", the remix of "Mr. Personality" called "Ugly" and the two previously released Max-A-Million singles "Take Your Time" and "Fat Boy" produced by 20 Fingers. In Fact that all previous 20 Fingers singles, in original or remixed form, are included on these album versions, they have been considered a compilation album and released under the title "The Best of 20 Fingers" in Asia.

Track listing

20 Fingers
 "Sex Machine"  – 4:03
 "Choke My Chicken"  – 3:34
 "Little Melody (That Damn Song)"  – 3:57
 "100% Woman"  – 4:09
 "Cave Man"  – 3:31
 "Holding on to Love"  – 3:59
 "Position #9"  – 4:32
 "Popsicle Love"  – 4:01
 "Electric Slide"  – 3:43
 "Bring It on Bac"  – 5:36
 "The Raw"  – 5:40

L'Album
See notes for further information.
 "Sex Machine"  – 4:03
 "Round We Go"  – 3:59
 "Electric Slide"  – 3:43
 "She Won't Know"  – 5:36
 "100% Woman"  – 4:09
 "Short Dick Man"  – 3:16
 "Holding on to Love"  – 3:59
 "Position #9"  – 4:32
 "Mr. Personality (Ugly Mix)"  – 4:04
 "Lick It"  – 3:34
 "Popsicle Love"  – 4:01
 "Putang Ina Mo" – 4:11
 "I'm in Love"
 "Praying for an Angel"

20 Fingers compilation
See notes for further information.
 "Sex Machine"  – 4:03
 "Round We Go"  – 3:59
 "Cave Man"  – 3:31
 "Electric Slide"  – 3:43
 "Bring It on Bac"  – 5:36
 "Choke My Chicken"  – 3:34
 "100% Woman"  – 4:09
 "The Raw"  – 5:40
 "Short Dick Man"  – 3:16
 "Holding on to Love"  – 3:59
 "Position #9"  – 4:32
 "Mr. Personality (Ugly Mix)"  – 4:04
 "Lick It"  – 3:34
 "Take Your Time"  – 3:40
 "Work That Love"  – 3:32
 "Popsicle Love"  – 4:01
 "Fat Boy"  – 3:34
 "Putang Ina Mo" – 4:11
 "Little Melody (That Damn Song)"  – 3:57

Notes

References

1995 albums
20 Fingers albums
Zoo Entertainment (record label) albums


Mike Morris (born July 14, 1983) is an American former professional ice hockey forward.  He was drafted in the first round, twenty-seventh overall, of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks, one of two NHL first round draft choices in history to attend Northeastern University (the other being Jamie Oleksiak).

Career
Morris was a star player at national prep hockey powerhouse St. Sebastian's, Needham, Massachusetts where he played and won the ISL Championship and the New England Prep school championship. Overlooked because of his size by many of the top college programs, Mike stayed local to play in Hockey East on a full scholarship to Northeastern University in Boston where he played forward.

Finishing second in team scoring in the 2004-05 season to Hobey Baker finalist Jason Guerriero, Morris suffered a major concussion at year's end and sat out the 2005-06 season (which would have been his senior year).  He eventually received a medical red shirt exception to play in 2006-07.  Morris returned as co-captain for that season, in which he played in only 20 games due to ongoing injuries, but nonetheless finished third on the team in points with 18.

Morris spent the 07–08 campaign playing for the Worcester Sharks (AHL) where he played in nine games, scoring two points.  He played in another 17 games for Worcester in 08-09 season, scoring eleven points, after which he was released from his contract, and retired from professional hockey.

Awards and honors

Career statistics

External links

1983 births
American men's ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
Living people
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Northeastern Huskies men's ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Braintree, Massachusetts
Ice hockey people from Norfolk County, Massachusetts
San Jose Sharks draft picks
Worcester Sharks players


Elections to Hastings Borough Council were held on 4 May 2006. Half of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party gained overall control of the council from no overall control. Overall turnout was 37.6%.
After the election, the composition of the council was:
Conservative 17
Labour 10
Liberal Democrat 5

Election result

Ward results

References
2006 Hastings election result
Ward results
News and Views from Election 2006

2006
2006 English local elections
2000s in East Sussex


Pitt Meadows station is a stop on the West Coast Express commuter rail line connecting Vancouver to Mission, British Columbia, Canada. The station is located on the south side of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) tracks in Pitt Meadows, just off Harris Road. The station opened in 1995, when the West Coast Express began operating. 140 park-and-ride spots are available. All services are operated by TransLink.

Station information

Station layout

Transit connections

Pitt Meadows is served by five West Coast Express trains per day in each direction: five in the morning to Vancouver, and five in the evening to Mission. The station is adjacent to a park-and-ride facility and bus loop.

References

External links
Pitt Meadows station map (PDF file)

Pitt Meadows
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1995
West Coast Express stations


The 2004 United States Senate election in New York took place on November 2, 2004, along with elections to the United States Senate in other states, as well as the presidential election, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Senator Chuck Schumer won re-election to a second term with 71.2% of the vote, at the time the highest margin of victory for any statewide candidate in New York's history, and winning a majority of the vote in every county except Hamilton.

Schumer's vote share would not be surpassed until 2012 when fellow Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand won her first full term with 72% of the vote.

Candidates

Democratic

Declared
Chuck Schumer, incumbent U.S. Senator

Republican

Declared
Howard Mills III, State Assemblyman and former Town Supervisor of Wallkill

Declined
Randy Daniels, New York Secretary of State
Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City
Peter T. King, U.S. Representative for NY-03
George Pataki, Governor of New York

Conservative

Declared
 Marilyn O'Grady, Long Island ophthalmologist and activist

Green

Declined
David McReynolds, socialist activist and two-time candidate for President with the Socialist Party USA

Libertarian

Declared
 Don Silberger, math professor at State University of New York at New Paltz

Builders

Declared
 Abraham Hirschfeld, real estate developer

Socialist Workers

Declared
 Martin Koppel, writer for The Militant and activist

General election

Campaign
The Conservative Party of New York opposed Republican nominee Assemblyman Howard Mills, due to his support of civil unions and abortion rights.  Instead, they supported ophthalmologist Marilyn O'Grady, a failed candidate for New York's 4th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in 2002.

Perennial candidate Abraham Hirschfeld, then 84 years old, ran for the office on a minor party line. It was the last campaign of his life, and he would die less than a year later.

Predictions

Results
Source: New York State Board of Elections General Election Results, Certified December 14, 2006

Per New York State law, Schumer's totals include minor party-line votes: Independence Party (216,198) and Working Families Party (168,719) for Schumer. Source:

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

See also
 2004 United States Senate elections

References

New York
United States Senate
2004


Josef Věnsek (born 27 June 1967) is a Czech judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Achievements

2009 World Master Judo Championships 1st  73 kg

2005 Virginia Beach National Championships 1st 73 kg

2005 Liberty Bell Classic Judo Championships 1st 73 kg

2005 Ippon Open 1st 73 kg

1999 Czech Cup Prague 5th 73 kg

1998 World Masters Munich 2nd 73 kg

1997 German Open Bonn 3rd 71 kg

1996 Swiss International Basel 1st 71 kg

1996 Czech Cup Prague 3rd 71 kg

1994 German Open Russelsheim 3rd 71 kg

1994 European Championships Gdansk 5th 71 kg

1994 Czech Cup Prague 3rd 71 kg

1994 ASKO World Tournament Leonding 3rd 71 kg

1993 ASKO World Tournament Leonding 3rd 71 kg

1993 European Championships Athens 7th  71 kg

1993 Czech Cup Prague 3rd 71 kg

1992 Barcelona Olympic Game Team Member

1992 Czechoslovakia Championships Hradec Kralove 3rd 71 kg

1992 Polish Open Warsaw 1st 71 kg

1991 World Championships Barcelona 7th 71 kg

1991 European Championships Prague 2nd 71 kg

1991 World Masters Munich 7th 71 kg

1991 A-Tournament Sofia "Liberation" 1st 71 kg

1990 Czechoslovakia Championships Martin 1st 71 kg

1990 European Championships Frankfurt 7th 71 kg

1989 Czechoslovakia  Championships Prague 1st 71 kg

1988 Czechoslovakia  Championships Prague 1st 71 kg

1988 International Tournament "Liberation" Lovetch 3rd 71 kg

1987 Czechoslovakia Championships 1st 71 kg

1987 Czechoslovakia Junior Championships Ostrava 1st 71 kg

1987 International Tournament Damascus 1st 71 kg

1986 European Junior Championships Leonding 5th 71 kg

1986 Czechoslovakia Junior Championships Jicin 1st 71 kg

1986 International Tournament Olsztyn 3rd 71 kg

1986 World Junior Championships Rome 7th 71 kg

1985 Czechoslovakia Junior Championships Jicin 1st 65 kg

1985 Czechoslovakia Championships Hradec Kralove  1st  65 kg

1982 Czechoslovakia Junior Championships Hradec Kralove 3rd Lightweight 60 kg

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Czech male judoka
Olympic judoka for Czechoslovakia
Judoka at the 1992 Summer Olympics