Thomas Clarkson Trueblood (April 6, 1856 – June 5, 1951) was an American professor of elocution and oratory and the first coach of the University of Michigan golf and debate teams. He was affiliated with the University of Michigan for 67 years from 1884 to 1951, and was a nationally known writer and speaker on oratory and debate. He founded UM's Department of Elocution and Oratory as well as the campus debate program. He became the subject of national media attention in 1903 when the Chicago Tribune ran an article stating that he was offering a new "course in love making." His golf teams won two NCAA National Championships and five Big Ten Conference championships. He was posthumously inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1981.

Professor of Elocution and Oratory
Trueblood was a native of Salem, Indiana. He attended Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana and received an A.M. degree. In 1878, Trueblood and Robert I. Fulton established the Fulton and Trueblood School of Oratory in Kansas City, Missouri, which became "one of the largest and best known institutions of its kind in the United States." In 1884, Trueblood came to Ann Arbor as a lecturer on public speaking, intending to give a six-week course. The next year he was invited back. At the time he also was lecturing at Missouri, Kentucky and Ohio Wesleyan, and working out of Fulton and Trueblood School. Michigan asked him to join the faculty, and he stayed for 67 years. In 1892, he founded the Department of Elocution and Oratory and became its first chairman. Michigan's Oratory and Elocution Department was the first such unit in any major university or college in the country. He also established the first credit course in speech at any American university. At the turn of the century, speech and oratory played an important role in American society and academia, so much so that Trueblood was the highest paid professor on the University of Michigan faculty, and students were required to take Trueblood's courses.

In addition, Trueblood organized and coached the competitive debate and oratory contests at Michigan. He established the Northern Oratorical League, and later the Central Debating League, for the purpose of conducting competitive debates among Midwestern Universities, including Michigan, the University of Chicago, Northwestern, Oberlin College, Iowa, and Minnesota. In 1903, an Iowa newspaper noted: "It was due to his zeal in organization, his success in persuading students to enter the competitive contests, and his skill in drilling them, that has enabled Michigan to take so high a rank in oratory in these league contests, with seven first honors to her credit in ten years, and nine of the twelve victories in debate."

Trueblood also delivered speeches and gave dramatic readings on tours all over the world. One newspaper noted: "As a reader Prof. Trueblood is well known throughout the west.  His readings are taken from the best literature, with special attention to Shakespearean work.  It is his plan to give the principal scenes of the play, narrating the unimportant parts, thus providing an entertainment acceptable to those who do not attend the theater." After a performance of Hamlet in 1908, an Iowa newspaper wrote: "Prof. Trueblood is a man of remarkable personality.  His cuttings of the play were taken from the most dramatic parts, giving a wide range of understanding of all the characters.  Not only were the different parts interpreted with extremely keen judgment of the most real kind, but the speaker introduced each division with a brief description and delineation of the men and women who appeared.  Prof. Trueblood's manner of speaking and his diction are acquirements of a very high character and he held the interest of his hearers from beginning to end."

Trueblood was president of the National Association of Elocutionists when they met in June 1899 for their annual convention at Chautauqua Institute, New York. He brought with him Charles Casper Simons, a law student who coached the debate team for Trueblood. Simons had won first honors in a speech contest with his oration on abolitionist John Brown. Knowing that Southern elocutionists would be in attendance, Trueblood asked Simons to deliver his tribute to Brown at the conference. One account of the conference states: "The introduction was delivered without much reaction; but when Simons intoned, 'The South had slain the man, but the spirit which animated him was beyond the reach of earthly power,' the Southerners were distressed.  Simons went on to proclaim that John Brown 'taught the South that a new era had begun, that not by persuasion, threat or rant, but by force was slavery to be exterminated.' The Southern members of the association walked out of the amphitheater in angry protest."

Michigan's first African-American debate champion
In the early 1900s, Michigan's athletic teams (and those throughout the country) were re-segregated. While George Jewett had played for the Michigan football team in 1890 and 1892, the next African-American to play on the football team was Willis Ward, forty years later in 1932. During this period of athletic segregation, an African-American, Eugene Joseph Marshall, was permitted to compete in Trueblood's debate competitions and won the university debate championship in 1903. The Ann Arbor Argus reported: "For the first time in the history of American universities, a colored man has won his highest honors in oratory in fair and free competition with all comers.  The announcement of his victory will be read with pleasure by all who are working for the betterment of the colored race." Trueblood entertained Marshall at his home and presented him with the Chicago Alumni Medal. Marshall subsequently placed second in the Midwest regional collegiate competition.

The Jam Handy incident

In May 1903, Trueblood became the subject of national media attention as a result of a newspaper article written by a 17-year-old freshman student claiming Trueblood was teaching a new "course in lovemaking." The student, Jam Handy, was a campus correspondent for the Chicago Tribune. In the class, Trueblood taught "the delivery of short extracts from masterpieces of oratory." One such extract involved a scene from a play in which a man kneels in front of a woman pleading for her hand. In his 1893 textbook Practical Elements of Elocution, Trueblood used the scene to illustrate the "aspirate explosive" form of speech.

After watching Trueblood act out the kneeling scene, Handy wrote an article that was published on the front page of the Chicago Tribune on May 8, 1903, with a headline stating: "Learn Sly Cupid's Tricks; Students at Ann Arbor Take Lessons in Love Making." The article suggested that Trueblood was instructing his male students on romance rather than oratory technique. The next day, the Chicago Record-Herald published a three-panel cartoon of "Professor Foxy Truesport" dreaming up ways to "teach his class how to properly make love." Newspapers across the country picked up the story. The Daily Northwestern wrote: "Professor Trueblood of Michigan University has inaugurated a course in love making, his motive being to stimulate interest in his classes.  The oratorical students are compelled to kneel and make fervid declarations to lady students." The Newark Advocates headline read: "Lovemaking Lessons: Novel Course In the University of Michigan; Sly Cupid's Tricks Taught." The Salt Lake Tribune reported:
"Lessons in Lovemaking'''.  The University of Michigan has added a new course to the curriculum, one that may best be styled a course in love making.  Prof. Trueblood is the inventor of the novel scheme, and his course, which has been hitherto shunned as one of the toughest at the university, now seems likely to become the most popular on campus... Early this week he hit upon the successful plan, and now the many visitors who attend his classes are spectators of thrilling love scenes.  Fifty times a day Prof. Trueblood is forced to kneel to some maiden and show his pupils the right way to declare their devotion to their sweethearts... Each budding orator takes his place before a blushing maid, and no matter how smoothly the pair may have progressed in private the professor finds some fault with the public demonstration.  'No, kneel on both knees—now hold her hand, it impresses her more-so,' and the old professor again kneels and goes through it all over again."
On May 12, the Chicago Tribune ran a photograph of Trueblood with the caption: "Trueblood has nearly worn out his trousers at the knees, showing young men how to kneel, and has strained his voice and eyes in efforts to show his pupils how to throw fire and passion into their appeals."

The story was an embarrassment for Trueblood and the university. In his memoirs, Handy recalled being summoned to Trueblood's office: "His desk was piled high with letters...and clippings...from around the country...and he also had a copy of the McCutcheon cartoon. (He) was taking all of this as ridicule, although I had publicized the story with sincere enthusiasm for a new advance in education of which I felt the University of Michigan should be proud." The faculty voted unanimously to suspend Handy for a year for "publishing false and injurious statements affecting the character of the work of one of the Professors." In addition to the suspension, Handy was charged as a "faker" in the press: Henry J. Handy, the student-correspondent at the University of Michigan who sent a sensational story to the Chicago newspapers, relating how Professor Thomas C. Trueblood had a class in love-making, has been suspended for one year and the story has been branded as a 'fake.'  Handy based the story on an incident that occurred during the rehearsal of a drama, when Professor Trueblood showed one of the students how to kneel to propose.

Shortly after the incident, Trueblood left for a trip giving dramatic readings on the West Coast. Handy went on to become a successful public relations man.

Golf coach

Trueblood was the faculty tennis champion, but at age 40 his doctor told him to give up the game because it was too strenuous. He took up golf, and enjoyed success in that sport, too. "I took it up in August and in October I won the Ann Arbor Golf Club championship," he said. In 1901, Trueblood organized the first Michigan golf team. On October 24–25, 1902, Michigan defeated the University of Chicago 16–12 in "the first intercollegiate golf match held in the West."

In 1921, golf became a varsity sport, and Trueblood was the school's first official coach. In 1926, Trueblood retired as a professor emeritus at age 70. At that time, he turned his attention full-time to coaching. His coaching record at Michigan was 71-9-2. During his 15 official seasons as golf coach, his teams won two NCAA National Championships (1934-1935) and five Big Ten Conference championships (1932-1936), and were Big Ten runners-up eight times. He coached two NCAA individual champions, Johnny Fischer (1932) and Chuck Kocsis (1936). Trueblood continued as golf coach until he was 80, when athletic director Fielding H. Yost named him emeritus coach.

In 1932, Chuck Kocsis (the first golfer inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor), enrolled at the university. When a promised alumni pledge to pay his expenses fell through, Trueblood agreed to make a loan (at five percent interest) so Kocsis could pay his tuition. The Wolverines with Kocsis won the NCAA championship twice. Kocsis recalled that the team often traveled to tournaments in Trueblood's car. "Professor Trueblood had a seven-passenger Buick," Kocsis said. "He designated me as the chauffeur. So if we had a golf match, we'd all get into the car and go to Chicago, or go to Ohio, wherever we were going to play." Another teammate recalled the trips in Trueblood's car: "It wasn't a very big Buick, as I recall.  We rode with six guys. Chuck used to do most of the driving. I remember that trip down to Washington (for the 1935 national championship at Congressional, which Michigan won). We started in the morning and drove all the way down there. Professor Trueblood was a big guy, too." Trueblood took the team on a side trip to Mount Vernon, where one of the players accidentally bumped the shifter into gear and hit the accelerator as he exited Trueblood's car. The car lurched forward; the open door hit something and was torn off its hinges.

Ralph M. Cole, a member of the golf team of 1926–1928, later wrote of a humorous incident involving the septuagenarian Coach Trueblood. Cole recalled: "As golf coach he could add very little about the mechanics of the game. But he added one piece of advice which was very helpful when followed, and which he drilled into us at every practice session. It was: 'Up and out in two, boys.' As any golfer would know, it meant, when hitting a short approach shot, get it close enough to the pin to make the next putt.  Now for the humorous part of that admonition. We had played Purdue in Lafayette on a Thursday and were to play Illinois on Friday. The Professor was to call us at 4:30 a.m. to catch a 5:30 train for Urbana. Well, he got confused on our room number and awakened a man who called the front desk and told the night clerk that there must be some nut calling at 4:30 a.m. and shouting, 'Up and out in two boys!'  We did make the train, anyway."

A.H. Jolly Jr., captain of the 1933 golf team, noted: "Truby, as he was referred to when out of earshot, was still a most active and attentive coach. But the only club or clubs I recall seeing him handle in those days, was a Left-Handed Putter!"

Death and honors
Trueblood died in Bradenton, Florida in 1951 at age 95. At the time, the Associated Press noted: "He pioneered the teaching of speech in the nation's colleges during his 42 years on the University of Michigan faculty." His brother, Professor Edwin P. Trueblood, also a speech professor at Earlham College, died earlier the same year.  Thomas Trueblood's obituary reported that he "devised the famous college cheer 'The Locomotive.'" He devised the university's famous "locomotive" cheer in 1903 while returning to Ann Arbor on a train from a Big Ten football game. However, other sources indicate that the locomotive cheer began at Princeton in the 1890s.

Trueblood's papers are at the Bentley Historical Library in Ann Arbor. Trueblood has been the subject of two articles by Linda Robinson Walker in the University of Michigan alumni publication Michigan Today. Much of the factual information in this article is distilled from Walker's articles.

In 1921, students of Professor Trueblood honored him by establishing the Trueblood Fund. Today, the Trueblood Fellowship is open to students majoring in Screen Arts & Cultures.  In 1981, Trueblood was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor as part of the fourth induction class.  The Trueblood Theater was located in the Henry S. Frieze Building at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theater and Dance and named in Trueblood's honor. The Trueblood Theater closed its doors in 2006 when the Frieze Building was razed to make room for the North Quad Residential and Academic Complex.

A portrait of Trueblood painted in 1920 by Merton Grenhagen was originally hung first in Alumni Hall (now the Museum of Art) and then in the Theater Library in the Frieze Building. In 1998, the Trueblood portrait was hung at the University of Michigan Golf Course. At the time of the installation, the University Record noted: "Known as 'Chief' to his teaching associates and 'Trueby' to his students, Thomas C. Trueblood now resides among U-M's golf history."

Books by Trueblood
Robert I. Fulton and Thomas C. Trueblood, "Choice Readings From Standard and Popular Authors" (Ginn and Company 1890)
Thomas C. Trueblood and Robert I. Fulton, "Practical Elements of Elocution: Designed as a Text-Book for the Guidance of Teachers and Students of Expression" (Ginn & Company Publishers/The Anthenaeum Press 1893)
Robert I. Fulton and Thomas C. Trueblood, "Patriotic Eloquence Relating to the Spanish–American War and Its Issues" (Charles Scribner's Sons 1900)
Robert I. Fulton, Thomas C. Trueblood, and Edwin P. Trueblood, "Standard Selections" (Ginn & Company 1907)
Thomas C. Trueblood, William G. Caskey, and Henry E. Gordon, "Winning Speeches in the Contests of the Northern Oratorical League" (American Book Company 1909)
Robert I. Fulton, Thomas C. Trueblood, "Essentials of Public Speaking for Secondary Schools" (Ginn & Company 1910)
Robert Irving Fulton and Thomas Clarkson Trueblood, "British and American Eloquence" (Ginn and Company 1912)
Robert I. Fulton and Thomas C. Trueblood, "Choice Readings from Standard and Popular Authors Embracing a Complete Classification of Selections, a Comprehensive Diagram of the Principles of Vocal Expression, and Indexes to the Choicest Readings from Shakespeare, The Bible, and Hymn-Books''" (Ginn & Company 1912)

See also
University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor

Notes

External links
Bentley Historical Library: University of Michigan Men's Golf
University of Michigan Athletics: Michigan Men's Golf Head Coaching Records
Year-By-Year Results

University of Michigan faculty
Public orators
Rhetoric theorists
Elocutionists
College golf coaches in the United States
Earlham College alumni
People from Salem, Indiana
1856 births
1951 deaths


Eriogonum microthecum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name slender buckwheat. It is native to the western United States where it is found in a variety of habitats, particularly in dry areas such as deserts.

Description
This is a shrub which is quite variable in appearance. There are many varieties, some of which are isolated to small geographical distributions. It may be a low clumping plant or a sprawling shrub to one and a half meters in height and width. It has small, woolly leaves with rolled edges scattered about its branches.

The upper portion of the plant makes up its inflorescence, which often has a flat top. The tiny clustered flowers are white to yellow or sometimes pinkish.

Varieties
Varieties include, but are not limited to:
E. m. var. alpinum - (alpine slender buckwheat) - native to the high mountains of California, rarely tops 10 centimeters in height
E. m. var. corymbosoides - (San Bernardino buckwheat) - a brown-flowered variety native to the San Bernardino Mountains
E. m. var. lapidocola - (Inyo Mountains buckwheat) - a small variety native to the White and Inyo Mountains

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

microthecum
Flora of the Northwestern United States
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora of the Rocky Mountains
Flora of California
Flora of the Great Basin
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Holloway Brothers (London) Ltd was a leading English construction company specialising in building and heavy civil engineering work based in London.

History

Early history
The company was founded as a partnership in 1882 by two brothers, Henry Thomas Holloway and Henry Holloway, at Queen's Road in Battersea; this was a consequence of their elder brother James refusing to take them into partnership. In 1889, on the death of James, they took on the business and obligations of the building and construction firm founded by him in 1875 and then based in Marmion Road Lavender Hill. This reunited their father Thomas, and surviving brothers, John and Samuel, in a single family firm. James had already obtained significant contracts for buildings including Battersea Library and Public Baths and the completion of these gave the firm an important boost leading to the winning of major public contracts including Chatham Naval Barracks (1897–1902).

Key dates from 1900

1899 move to Victoria Wharf, Belvedere Road Westminster.

1901 creation of the 'Steel Office' under the structural engineer T Aubrey Watson.

1902 becomes private limited company. Opens a branch at 43 South Audley St Mayfair (still trading as Holloway White Allom) to undertake high quality decoration and maintenance work.

1905 licenses the Hennebique system of reinforced concrete construction from L G Mouchel. This led to a rapid expansion of the company's civil engineering work and the winning of contracts for major projects such as the General Post Office building (1907).

1912 company reorganisation. Holloway Brothers (London) Limited created to undertake the construction activities of the firm with the original company renamed as Holloways Properties Limited.

1915 move to Bridge Wharf (later 157) Millbank on compulsory purchase of Victoria Wharf by the London County Council as the site for the new County Hall. Joinery works move to Magdalen Rd Earlsfield, stonemasonry to Thessaly Rd Nine Elms.

1917 Newcastle upon Tyne branch opened (closed 1932, reopened 1954).

1934 recruits technical staff from the defunct London office of the bridge department of Dorman, Long of Middlesbrough. This enabled the company to take on steel bridge construction to complement their expertise in reinforced concrete bridges.

1942 expands into open cast mining. Nottingham office opened.

1946 acquires interest in Dene quarry at Cromford Derbyshire which then traded as Dene Quarries (Derbyshire) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary.

1957 forms association with John Laing & Son whilst remaining an independent company.

1960 acquires White Allom Limited, a business led by Sir Charles White Allom, antiques advisor and interior decorator to King George V and Queen Mary.

1964 acquired by John Laing & Son.

1968 Holloway White Allom begins to trade as separate subsidiary.

2002 Management buyout of Holloway White Allom.

2011 Holloway White Allom placed in administration and is closed.

Family involvement
Holloways remained a family firm through several generations. The original brothers were sons of Thomas and Elizabeth Holloway, of West Lavington, Wiltshire where Thomas was a local jobbing builder and bricklayer. They had five sons, James (1851–89), Henry Thomas (1853–1914), John (1854–1932), Henry (1857–1923), and Samuel (1862–1938). Thomas moved to London to work with his eldest son James in 1868, and the rest of the family followed in 1870. James and Thomas became bricklayers and then general foremen, James at only about 18 and Thomas at 21, John was apprenticed as a carpenter, whilst in due course Henry joined a firm of timber merchants and Samuel began work in a solicitor's office.  James set up his own business with a few hundred pounds in capital in 1875 and by the following year had new premises at Marmion Rd Lavender Hill and his father and other brothers joined the firm. Henry became office manager, Thomas outside manager, John worked as a carpenter and Samuel apprenticed as a joiner. Initially the firm concentrated on speculative house building in Clapham but rapidly expanded to take on larger contracts such as churches, schools, public libraries and baths.

The split seems to have come because James refused to take his brothers Thomas and Henry into partnership, leading to their setting up an independent firm in 1882, but the family links ensured a fairly seamless amalgamation of the businesses on the death of James in 1889. Samuel Holloway joined Thomas and Henry as director of the company on its incorporation in 1902, and only one director, Courthauld Thompson, was drawn from outside the company.  That situation did not change on the company reorganisation in 1912, because although Thomas Holloway was joined as director by his sons Henry T and Ernest C, and Henry by sons Roland and Herbert (Dick), the only other director was Charles Byworth, the original company secretary.  It was after the death of the founding Thomas in 1914 that WH Stacey and GF Palmer, recruited from John Aird & Co in 1912 and 1915, slightly diluted the family's control when they joined the board in 1917. On Sir Henry's death in 1923 chairmanship passed to Samuel, the sole surviving member of the founding generation who remained with the firm. Six members of the following generation then worked for the firm - Henry T,  Ernest, Roland, Herbert, and Harold and Rupert, sons of Samuel. Henry T replaced Samuel as chairman on his retirement in 1933. Stacey and Palmer both died in 1933 and were succeeded as non-family directors in 1934 by William Storey Wilson, who had joined from Dorman Long in 1934. Rupert and Harold became directors in 1936. Henry Thomas Holloway was President of the Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors 1940-46 and knighted for his wartime services in 1945. He remained chairman until his death in 1951.

Family control was retained in the 1950s. Four grandsons of the original founders were on the board by the beginning of the decade and one, Peter, succeeded Sir Henry as chairman and managing director.  Nor was family control merely nominal; even at this period they retained the tradition that family members should start at the bottom and learn the trade before moving up to senior management.

Notable Projects

Buildings
The company built many notable buildings of which a good number survive today. These included ones designed by architects EW Mountford, Sir Reginald Blomfeld, Sir Herbert Baker, Sir Edwin Lutyens, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, Sir Edward Maufe and Sir Basil Spence. The list below is far from comprehensive.

1889-90 Battersea public library and baths

1891-4 Battersea Polytechnic

1893-4 Streatham Pumping House. In the style of the day, built with domed and turreted neo-Byzantine pumping house and tall brick chimney stack in the form of a campanile.

1897-1902 Chatham Royal Naval Barracks

1897- Admiralty Building, Horse Guards Parade

1899-1900 Millais Building (flats) Millbank

1900-7 Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey)

1901-3 London Wall office development

1904-05 Hanover House flats Regent's Park

1904-9 Gorringes department store, Buckingham Palace Rd Westminster

1905 Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, completely restored after fire.

1905-6 United University Club, Pall Mall Westminster

1907-10 General Post Office (King Edward's Building), Giltspur St London. The first large reinforced concrete building in London.

1908- Caxton House, Tothill St Westminster

1910-1911 Whiteleys department store, Queensway Bayswater An example of a steel framed building which could be built much more cheaply and quickly than the traditional masonry construction used at Gorringes, demonstrating the revolution in building techniques at this period.

1912-17 Government Buildings, Storey's Gate Westminster

1914-15 Waldershare Park Tilmanstone Kent, completely restored after fire.

1922-31 Westminster Bank, 51-52 Threadneedle St London

1924-5 County Fire Office, Piccadilly Circus

1924-7 Courtauld Building, 16 St Martin's-le-Grand

1924-42 Bank of England Threadneedle St London. Only the earlier screen wall (c1800) by John Soane survives on the south and west sides and that had to be underpinned. The project took so long because of its scale (much of it is underground) and the bank continued in operation on site during the work. Holloways was seen as well suited to contracts of this nature both because of its expertise in civil engineering and because as an integrated company it had its own stonemasonry, joinery and decorating divisions with a demonstrated ability to carry out work to the highest craft standards.

1928-33 Glyn Mills and Martin's Bank buildings in Lombard Street

1929-32 Princess Beatrice Hospital Earls Court

1933 Empire Swimming Pool, Wembley now incorporated in Wembley Arena

1933 Members' Stand at Lord's

1933- Cumberland Hotel Marble Arch

1934 Peckham Health Centre. An innovative architectural and public health project.

1935-7 Kingston House Kensington Rd London SW7

1936-9 Westminster Hospital Marsham Street.

193(1)-39 Duveen gallery British Museum and North Library reconstruction (date of latter unclear)

1938-40 Roche Products Factory, Broadwater Rd Welwyn Garden City

1950- Serjeant's Inn rebuilding, Fleet Street

Post-war Holloways were responsible for large scale flat and domestic housing developments e.g. at Crawley New Town and Draycott Avenue Chelsea, Henry Dicken's Court Kensington and the Pimlico housing scheme (1st four blocks).

Civil engineering
With the acquisition of expertise in steel framing and reinforced concrete at the beginning of the 20th century civil engineering became an important aspect of the company's operations.

1906 covered reservoir at Hart Lane Luton, the company's first reinforced concrete project.

1907-12 new jetty at Western Dock, widening and deepening of Tobacco Dock, at London Docks

1907-13 sea defence works at Roedean, Rottingdean and Ramsgate

1914 power station for the Euston-Watford rail electrification scheme, leading to involvement in many rail infrastructure projects subsequently.

1920 500 ft graving dock and deep water quay at Seaton Snook, River Tees, and similar works in the 1920s and 1930s on the Thames, at Grimsby, Seahouses Hebburn and Jarrow

1935 Morgan Crucible chimney, Battersea. The chimney was 279 feet high and is of interest because it was necessary for the consulting engineers to develop a new form of shuttering to  make moving form construction possible. The chimney tapered from a diameter of 13 feet, 11 inches at the base to 9 feet 3 inches at the top, and the wall thickness reduced from 15 inches to 6 inches. The upper 266 feet took 44 days to build.

1937 Littlebrook A power station, Dartford.

1940 oil discharging jetty at Avonmouth

1945- Catalagzi power Station, Turkey. The contract had been let in 1940 but construction was delayed by the Second World War

1946-52 Bagdhad Railway Station

1947 new deep water quay and Millennium flour mill at Royal Victoria Dock, London. Similar project at Caledonia Mills Leith.

1948 new quay wall and jetty at Nine Elms

1950 oil loading jetties at Al-Faw, Shatt al-Arab, Iraq, followed by two more similar projects there.

1950-4 Smith's Dry dock and deepwater quay at North Shields

1953-5 quays at Tilbury Docks followed by Beckton Quay and Erith Jetty, all on the Thames.

Post-war, power station construction was carried out at Littlebrook (extensions), Brighton, Freemans Meadow Leicester,  Uskmouth pump house (a major undertaking because of its location with an extreme tidal range, weighing 42,000 tons when complete), Tilbury and Dalmarnock.

The company is also reported to have carried out work in Australia

Bridges
1914 Esk Bridge Gretna, replacing one built by Thomas Telford in 1820.

1922-6 Bridge over the Thames at Reading. At the time, the longest single span reinforced concrete bridge in the UK.

1924-8 Royal Tweed Bridge at Berwick-upon-Tweed

1930-3 Hampton Court Bridge

1934-7 Chelsea Bridge The first self-anchored suspension bridge in the country and the first steel bridge built by Holloways.

1936-7 Towy Bridge at Carmarthen

1936- King Ghazi and King Faisal Bridges across the Tigris at Bagdhad

1936-40 Wandsworth Bridge

1939- Bahrain swing bridge

1945-50 Baghdad combined road-rail bridge across the Tigris

1956-8 bridge over the Diyala River at Baqubah Iraq

Restoration of historic buildings, memorials and similar projects
Although heavily engaged in large scale construction and civil engineering work the firm was proud of its retention of craft skills.

Work on churches included restoration and expansion of Hexham Abbey including a new nave and restoration of the choir screen and stalls, the building of a new chapel at Ampleforth Abbey (1922-5) and in 1926-30 the 9th Church of Christ, Scientist, Marsham Street Westminster.

There was a considerable demand for memorials and similar enterprises after both the First and Second World Wars. Of note are the Memorial Cloisters at Winchester College (1924), Harrow School memorial, Marlborough College Memorial Hall (1925), the Arch of Remembrance in Victoria Park, Leicester (1925), King George V Memorial Fountain Windsor (1937), the Trafalgar Square reconstruction (completed 1948), the Air Forces Memorial Runnymede (1953), and the Magna Carta Memorial, Runnymede (1957).

The firm worked on many historic buildings including the restoration of war damage. They included the Merchant Taylors' Hall, London, College Building, Westminster School, White Lodge, Richmond Park, Cumberland Terrace, Regent's Park and the Inner Temple London.

World Wars
Although there were contracts to be completed, normal operations were severely affected by the recruitment of men to the armed forces and the government direction of labour, and new work was mainly or wholly devoted to the needs of war.

First World War
The firm completed numerous war contracts including camps, factories and ordnance sheds at Purfleet, Didcot and Langwith Derbyshire and a hospital at Étaples in France. The company also built numerous houses for war workers at Rosyth, Roe Green Village, Kingsbury and Cardington, Bedfordshire. The most famous incident concerns the chairman, Henry Holloway, himself. He was approached by David Lloyd George, when Minister of Munitions, for help in providing housing for the workers at the new war factories throughout the country. Henry Holloway, and his foreman Mr Gathercole, toured the country arranging the work with local builders and architects, achieving the target of providing the necessary housing within six months. Henry Holloway was knighted for his services in 1917.

Second World War
The war brought numerous contracts for the building of new camps, ordnance depots, Royal Air Force stations, hospitals and the like. The largest single contract was for the building of an ordnance factory at ROF Kirkby on which 15,000 men were employed at the peak of construction and the factory was able to commence operation in ten and a half months though the complete project took almost two years. Later in the war the firm responded to the urgent need to expand domestic coal production by engaging in open cast mining for which they were well fitted by their experience with heavy earth moving equipment. The first such mine was in the Dukeries area of Nottinghamshire in 1942, and the firm rapidly expanded its operations there and in the Newcastle area, for example at Whitley Bay.

Holloways were contracted to build a series of sea forts for the defence of the Thames estuary, and these were built in reinforced concrete and steel in dock basins and berths at Gravesend. They were of two distinct types, four naval forts in reinforced concrete and three army forts each consisting of seven interlinked sections. When complete, they were towed out and sunk in position. This work then led to two more novel wartime activities. One was the building of small reinforced concrete floating docks for the repair of small vessels, in particular landing craft. They were designed by Guy Maunsell, who had also designed the sea forts, and the first three 400 ton units were ordered in August 1943. They consisted of slabs cast flat and placed upright when hardened, then the horizontal base was cast and the joins sealed with concrete. Fourteen were eventually constructed at Gravesend and elsewhere, and a number more were on order to be built in various locations including India when the war finished. They could be built in as little as nine weeks and two, AFD 37 and 50, were deployed at Arromanches after D-Day.

Also stemming from experience with the sea forts was the company's involvement in the development of the Mulberry harbour units. In October 1942 Holloways were commissioned to build three units on the Hippo design of Hugh Iorys Hughes on shore at Conwy Morfa, no suitable dry dock being available. This was a considerable challenge because the largest unit, the pierhead, consisted of a reinforced concrete pontoon 203 feet long, with a beam of 45 feet and depth of 24 feet, on which was mounted a steel superstructure 62 feet high and itself weighing 350 tons. The total weight of the unit was 3,200 tons and had to be side launched. The solution was to build the unit on keel blocks and when complete transfer the weight to the launching cradle which ran over a curved ramp which increased in gradient from one in 16 to one in six. Although the Hippo design itself was not adopted the build and launching technique was widely used for other Mulberry units.

References

Sources

 Rolt, LTC.(1958), Holloways of Millbank The First Seventy-Five Years. Newman Neame Ltd for Holloway Brothers (London) Ltd

Construction and civil engineering companies of England
Construction companies based in London
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1882
Companies disestablished in 1968
1882 establishments in England
1968 disestablishments in England
British companies established in 1882
British companies disestablished in 1968


Bergen Park is a park near Evergreen, Colorado. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Bergen Park was established in 1859 when pioneer settler Thomas Cunningham Bergen built a log cabin on his land and named his property.

See also
 Denver Mountain Parks

References

External links
SingleTracks.com: Bike Trails- Ridge Trail bike trail details

Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Protected areas established in 1915
Denver Mountain Parks
Protected areas of Jefferson County, Colorado
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Colorado


The Diocese of Limburg () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany. It belongs to the ecclesiastical province of Cologne, with metropolitan see being the Archdiocese of Cologne.

Its territory encompasses parts of the States of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate. Its cathedral church is St George's Cathedral Limburg an der Lahn. The diocese's largest church is Frankfurt Cathedral, St. Bartholomew.

From October 2013, the administrator of the diocese during the suspension of Bishop Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst is Wolfgang Rösch. The Bishop later resigned. The Cathedral Chapter elected and on 1 July 2016, Pope Francis appointed the Vicar General of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, Germany, Georg Bätzing, to serve as the next Bishop of the Diocese of Limburg, succeeding Bishop Tebartz-van Elst. He was consecrated by the Archbishop of Cologne, Cardinal Rainer Woelki, on 18 September 2016.

At the end of 2008 the diocese had 2,386,000 inhabitants. About 28 per cent of them were Catholics.

Districts
The diocese is divided into multiple administrative districts. Each district is represented by a clerical dean.

 Frankfurt am Main
 Hochtaunus
 Lahn-Dill-Eder
 Limburg
 Main-Taunus
 Rheingau
 Rhein-Lahn
 Untertaunus
 Westerwald
 Wetzlar
 Wiesbaden

History

The Diocese of Limburg was established in 1827, during the reorganization of Catholic diocese in the course of the secularization. It was initially established as a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province Upper Rhine with its metropolitan seat in Freiburg im Breisgau. Its territory had before been under what is today the Diocese of Trier and Diocese of Mainz. The diocese, therefore, is a rather young diocese. Today it encompasses the former territory of the Duchy of Nassau, the city of Frankfurt am Main, landgraviate Hesse-Homburg, and the former county Biedenkopf. In 1929, it was subordinated to the ecclesiastical province Cologne, according to the so-called Prussian Concordat.

The first bishop of Limburg (1827–1833) was Jakob Brand. At that time, there were about 650.000 Catholics in the diocese (approx 27% of the total population in the area). The bishop Franz Kamphaus founded five theme churches. He converted in 2005 three parish churches in 2005 to youth churches (Crossover in Limburg, Jona in Frankfurt and Kana in Wiesbaden), two more parish churches were converted in 2007 to the Holy Cross - Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality in the Holy Cross Church, Frankfurt-Bornheim and the Centre for Mourning Counselling in the church St. Michael, Frankfurt-Nordend in Frankfurt. He stepped down after Pope Benedict XVI had accepted his retirement on 2 February 2007. He was succeeded by the auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Münster, Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst who had been elected by the cathedral chapter. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on 28 November 2007 and inaugurated by the Archbishop of Cologne Joachim Cardinal Meisner.

Controversy
In 2013 the Bishop of Limburg Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst was accused of lying and of squandering church money. He had a new episcopal headquarters built and was said to have lied about its cost, which has reportedly escalated from an initial 5.5 million euros to 31 million euros. He was also accused of flying first class to India, where he went to help poor children. He rejected calls to resign and the Vatican sent Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo to try to resolve the situation. The accusations were investigated by the church, which reported in 2014.   In parallel, the attorney general of Cologne investigated the bishop.
On 13 October the bishop travelled to Rome to discuss the situation with the Vatican Curia.
On 23 October 2013, Tebartz van-Elst was suspended by Pope Francis as bishop of Limburg, and Wolfgang Rösch was named a new vicar general to administer the diocese in his absence.

Laity within the Diocese of Limburg: "Synodal Way"
The "Synodal Way" was initiated by Bishop Wilhelm Kempf on 16 March 1969 in holding the first elections for a parish council. The basic idea is to have laity participate in important decisions concerning the diocese. “The main idea is to give every appointee a counterpart that consists of elected members who form a council. Both bodies then are to discuss and decided certain issues." Accordingly, every appointed member of the clergy, such as a parish priest, faces a parish council that consists of elected members. On the next higher level, the pastoral realm, a clerical director faces the employees committee. On every "level" of the diocese, laity and appointed officials work together.

Ordinaries
 Jakob Brand (21 May 1827 appointed – 26 October 1833 died)
 Johann Wilhelm Bausch (8 Jan 1834 appointed – 9 April 1840 died)
 Peter Joseph Blum (20 Jan 1842 appointed – 30 December 1884 died)
 Johannes Christian Roos (19 Feb 1885 appointed – 2 June 1886 Appointed, Archbishop of Freiburg im Breisgau)
 Karl Klein (25 Sep 1886 appointed – 6 February 1898 died)
 Dominikus (Martin Karl) Willi, O. Cist. (15 Jun 1898 appointed – 6 January 1913 died)
 Augustinus Kilian (22 Jan 1913 appointed – 30 October 1930 died)
 Antonius Hilfrich (30 Oct 1930 succeeded – 5 February 1947 died)
 Ferdinand Dirichs (24 Sep 1947 appointed – 27 December 1948 died)
 Wilhelm Kempf (3 May 1949 appointed – 10 August 1981 retired)
 Franz Kamphaus (3 May 1982 appointed – 2 February 2007 retired)
 Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst (28 Nov 2007 appointed – 26 March 2014 resigned)
 Georg Bätzing (1 Jul 2016 appointed, 18 September 2016 ordinated)

References

External links
 Official homepage
 List of Bishops of Limburg
 History of the Diocese Limburg
 Catholic Hierarchy

Limburg
Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg
Limburg
Limburg
Limburg diocese
Limburg diocese
Limburg diocese
Middle Hesse


Helen Fotopulos was a member of the City of Montreal executive committee and Cote des Neiges (CDN) City Councillor.

She began in city politics with an unsuccessful run for office in 1978 for the Montreal Citizens' Movement in that city's Snowdon district.

After serving as the MCM's cultural and intercultural affairs adviser for six years, she ran in 1994 and was elected councilor for Mile End,   Having left the MCM in 1997 she joined Jean Doré's Equipe Montréal and was re-elected in 1998.

In 2001 she joined with Gérald Tremblay to form Union Montréal and won three straight elections. She served two terms as Plateau-Mont-Royal borough mayor and was then CDN city councilor. She was the executive committee member responsible for culture, heritage and women's issues.

She was defeated in 2013.

References

Montreal city councillors
Living people
Women municipal councillors in Canada
Women in Quebec politics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anglophone Quebec people
People from Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce


The 1947 Honduran football season was the first edition of the Amateur League, won by C.D. Victoria, after winning the championship round against F.C. Motagua and C.D. Marathón.  Victoria was managed by Francisco Detari and some of the club's famous players at that time were Héctor Briza, Julián Fiallos, , Félix Chimilio and Leonardo Godoy.  The trophy was known as the Winston Churchill Cup and was delivered by British Prime Minister Rees John Sowler.

Regional champions

Known results

National championship round
Played in a double round-robin format between the regional champions.  Also known as the Triangular.

Known results

Victoria's lineup

References

Liga Amateur de Honduras seasons
Honduras
1947 in Honduras


Central Union High School, also known as Central or CUHS, is a four-year public high school in El Centro, California with a diverse student body of more than 1,910 students. It is one of three schools in the Central Union High School District.

History

The school was established in 1913, and celebrated its centennial in 2008.

Among the most well-known alumni are actor Donal Logue from the class of 1984, who starred in the Fox TV sitcom "Grounded for Life" and was Central's ASB president his senior year; professional saxophonist Walter Beasley, a member of the school's Great Spartan Band in the 1970s under the late band director and local jazz legend Jimmie Cannon; Doug Harvey, an umpire in the National Baseball Hall of Fame; former Denver Broncos linebacker Glenn Cadrez and actress Kyle Richards of the class of 1987; and actor/artist H. Michael Wieben, class of 1962, who appeared on and off Broadway.

Central's annual football game with the Brawley Union High School Wildcats of Brawley, CA which is called the bell game is one of the oldest high school rivalries in the country.

Clubs

Academic Decathlon
Central's Academic Decathlon team has won the Imperial County Competition every year since 1981, until 2014, but have competed in the state competition in Sacramento, CA annually during their time.

Mock Trial
Central's Mock Trial team participates in the Constitutional Rights Foundation's California Mock Trial Program, and has competed and won in the state championship in 1986 and 1998. In 2015, the team placed second in the state championship, the first time in the team's history.

Athletics
Central competes in the Imperial Valley League in the California Interscholastic Federation San Diego Section. The school's teams are called the Spartans and its colors are blue and white.

The Spartans' longtime archrivals are the Brawley Wildcats. The annual football game, known as the Bell Game, began in 1943 when the schools' associated student bodies bought the bell from a ship in San Diego for $50. But the Central-Brawley rivalry predates the Bell Game and began in 1921.

Fall Sports
 Volleyball
 Girls’ Flag Football
 Cross Country
 Girls' Volleyball
 Girls' Golf
 Girls' Tennis
 Boys' Football
 JV Cheer
 Varsity Cheer

Winter Sports
 Boys' Basketball
 Girls' Basketball
 Boys' Soccer
 Girls' Soccer
 Wrestling

Spring Sports
 Boys' Tennis
 Boys’ Volleyball
 Swimming
 Softball
 Baseball
 Boys' Golf
 Track and Field

Music Programs
 Marching Band (The Great Spartan Band)
 Beginning Band
 Wind Ensemble
 Concert Band
 Jazz Band
 Stage Band
 Chorus
 Guitar

The Great Spartan Band

The Great Spartan Band performs at all home football games and is known for its "Spartan Shuffle" as it enters the field during pre-game and as it exits the field after halftime.  The band also performs in local events and parades in Imperial and San Diego counties.  In addition, Central has an award-winning jazz band and a wind ensemble.

The band has performed across the country and received awards and honors from the Orange Coast College Jazz Festivals, El Centro Navy Base Jazz Festival, Southwestern College Jazz Festival, Imperial Valley College Jazz Festival, USC Concert of the Bands, UCLA Band Festival, Holiday Bowl Music Festivals, Columbus Day Parade, Mother Goose Parade, Hawaii memorial parades, and the Disneyland Parades and concerts in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1987.

Under the direction of Jimmie Cannon from 1966 to 1996, the Great Spartan Band began to travel extensively and in 1972 performed in Mexico City, where it was honored by the Mexican President Luis Echeverría. The band has a standing invitation to perform in the Mardi Gras parades in New Orleans, most recently in 2016. The band also traveled to Disney World in Florida in 1995, where it participated in the Magic Kingdom Easter Parade.

The Great Spartan Band was invited by Congressman Bob Filner (California's 51st District) to participate in the 2010 Memorial Day Parade in Washington, DC.

References

High schools in Imperial County, California
Public high schools in California
1908 establishments in California


Walter Adrián Jiménez  (born 29 August 1977 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former professional footballer.

His nickname is Lorito which means Parrot.

Career
Jiménez joined Santos Laguna in 2006, becoming a stalwart of the side. In May 2010, he was loaned to an Argentine club for six months after Santos had filled all of its available foreign player slots for the upcoming tournament.

Jiménez signed for Ascenso MX side Irapuato in July 2012.

Honours

Club
Santos Laguna
 Primera División de México - Clausura 2008

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Club Atlético Banfield footballers
Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba footballers
Club Atlético Platense footballers
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
C.D. Veracruz footballers
Santos Laguna footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
Club Puebla players
C.D. Irapuato footballers
Liga MX players
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders


Charles Wilkins Webber (May 29, 1819 – April 11, 1856) was a United States journalist and explorer.

Biography
Webber was born at Russellville, Kentucky.  He was the son of Augustine Webber, a well-known physician in Kentucky. His mother, who was the daughter of Gen. John Tannehill, passed on to him a fondness for outdoor life. In 1838, Webber went to Texas, then struggling for independence; was for several years connected with the famous Texas Rangers, seeing much of wild and adventurous life on the frontier; returned to Kentucky and studied medicine; afterward entered Princeton Theological Seminary with a view to the Presbyterian ministry, but abandoned that purpose, and settled in New York as a writer for literary periodicals, especially The New World, The Democratic Review, and The Sunday Despatch; was associate editor and joint proprietor of The Whig Review; planned, with the two sons of his friend John James Audubon the naturalist, a monthly magazine of mammoth size, to be illustrated with copper-plate colored engravings by Audubon, but published only the first number; was engaged in an unsuccessful attempt to lead an exploring and mining expedition to the region of the Colorado and Gila rivers in 1849.  A principal reason for the failure of the expedition to the west was the seizure of the horses by Comanche Indians.

The difficulty in crossing the western deserts led to his efforts to form a camel company, for which he obtained a charter from the New York legislature in 1854. In 1855 he went to Central America, where he joined the filibuster William Walker in Nicaragua and was killed in a skirmish.

Works
In addition to his contributions to periodicals, he authored Old Hicks the Guide, or Adventures in the Comanche Country in Search of a Gold-Mine (New York, 1848); The Gold-Mines of the Gila (1849); The Hunter Naturalist, a Romance of Sporting (Philadelphia, 1851), with 40 engravings from original drawings by Mrs. Webber; Wild Scenes and Song-Birds (New York, 1854), with 20 colored illustrations from drawings by Mrs. Webber; Tales of the Southern Border (part i, 1852; complete, 1853); Spiritual Vampirism (1853); Jack Long; or The Shot in the Eye (a Gothic Western highly praised by Edgar Allan Poe); Adventures with the Texan Rifle Rangers (London, 1853); History of Mystery (Philadelphia, 1855); and other works.

References

External links

This article incorporates text from the Universal Cyclopædia & Atlas, 1902, New York, D. Appleton & Co., a publication now in the public domain.

1819 births
1856 deaths
People from Russellville, Kentucky
Gila River
19th-century American journalists
American male journalists
19th-century American male writers


The Carolina tartan is the official state tartan of both North Carolina and South Carolina. It was designed by Peter MacDonald of Crieff, Scotland, who registered it with the Scottish Tartans Society in 1981. The design was based on an early Royal Stewart tartan as part of the Royal Company of Archers uniform, believed to have been worn by King Charles I of England during his nuptial vows, giving it significance since The Carolinas were named for King Charles (latin, Carolus). It was made the official tartan of North Carolina in 1991 when it was passed by the North Carolina General Assembly. South Carolina followed suit, enacting legislation to make the Carolina tartan the official state tartan in 2002.

Adoption as State Tartan
The St. Andrew's Society of North Carolina initiated the design and adoption of the Carolina tartan, in cooperation with the St. Andrew's Society of Charleston.

North Carolina
On April 18, 1991, North Carolina Senate Bill 173 was brought before the North Carolina General Assembly to "... Designate the Carolina Tartan as the official Scottish Tartan of the State of North Carolina." It was sponsored by Senators Raynor and Tally. It passed 83-6.

South Carolina
On April 23, 2002, 48 representatives sponsored South Carolina House Bill 5063 which was brought before the South Carolina General Assembly to adopt the Carolina tartan as the official state tartan of the State of South Carolina. The bill was signed into law by the Governor of South Carolina on June 3, 2002.

Origins

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, vast amounts of Scottish immigrants settled in The Carolinas. Many societies are dedicated to Scottish heritage or the conservation of Scottish culture in the Carolinas (ex. St. Andrew's Society of Carolina). Peter MacDonald, a Scottish historian and tartan-maker, partnered with the St Andrew's Societies of North Carolina and Charleston to create the Carolina tartan. The inspiration for the Carolina tartan was a parcel of cloth from the uniform of the Royal Company of Archers () believed to be worn in some capacity by King Charles I during his nuptial vows. The Royal Company of Archers was founded in 1676 in Edinburgh to promote archery and the uniform that the Carolina tartan was based on was the first uniform of the company. The uniform was made of tartan, which was often worn by Jacobites, who made up a substantial portion of the company, to profess anti-unionism. This particular uniform was worn until tartan was banned in Britain by the Dress Act of 1746, tartan was worn again when the act was repealed but instead of the original red sett, it was replaced by the Black Watch pattern.

References

1991 introductions
2002 introductions
United States state tartans
Scottish-American culture in North Carolina
Scottish-American culture in South Carolina
Symbols of North Carolina
Symbols of South Carolina


Elk Meadow Park is a park and trail system in Evergreen, Colorado managed by Jefferson County Open Space. This program began acquiring these ranchlands in 1977 to create the extensive protected area, which is made larger by adjacent public lands. Contiguous to Elk Meadow Park on the west is Bergen Peak Park, a "conservation/wilderness" area that is part of the Denver Mountain Parks system. Through a cooperative effort between the two park management entities, the Too Long Trail in Elk Meadow Park continues to Bergen Peak, at 9,708 ft (2959 m). Noble Meadow, a conservation easement adjacent to Elk Meadow Park on the northwest along Squaw Pass Road, has no public access. The Bergen Peak Wildlife Area, managed by the Colorado Division of Wildlife, is next to the Park's southwestern boundary.

Trails and Other Activities

Elk Meadow Park is home to a number of outdoor activities. In the summertime, the many miles of trail serve as a place to run, walk, jog, mountain bike, and simply enjoy Mother Nature. Most of the park is open meadows with grasses and wildflowers for the residents of Jefferson County to see and enjoy. There are two seasonal creeks running through the park, Bergen Creek and Troublesome Creek, and several smaller springs which feed very small creeks. Bergen Creek turns into a swampy area at State Highway 74 which spurs the growth of cattails and wet-loving grasses. The Park encompasses the lower eastern slopes of Bergen Peak, which is covered in Ponderosa Pines, Douglas Firs, Aspens, and some small groves of Lodgepole Pines.

The trail system begins at a small parking area with restrooms and a gazebo for summertime picnics. There are several small shelters along the trails erected by various organizations in Evergreen, Colorado. During the winter, the snow that falls in the park blows west to east creating a difficult drifting problem for Highway 74  once getting to  tall in the Winter of 06-07. During winters with abnormal amounts of snow, it is possible to cross-country ski throughout the park and even alpine ski on Bergen Peak. Hiwan Golf Club borders the Park's eastern side. Overall, the park is a nice place for a summertime jog through the foothills of Colorado.

Dogs must be leashed in Elk Meadow Park proper, as in all other Open Space Parks. An off-leash opportunity lies just across Stagecoach Boulevard at the Elk Meadow Park Dog Off-Leash Area.

On April 4, 2017, Jefferson County Open Space closed the entire 107-acre dog park within Elk Meadow Park indefinitely. This was in contrast to a previous plan intended to keep portions of the dog park open.

References

External links
Jeffco.us Open Space: Elk Meadow Park Homepage

Parks in Colorado
Protected areas of Jefferson County, Colorado
Meadows in the United States
Protected areas established in 1977
1977 establishments in Colorado


The Diocese of Görlitz () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in Germany. The current ordinary is Wolfgang Ipolt

History

As part of the ancient See of Meissen
For the history until 1821 see the History of the ancient See of Meissen.

In order to insure the success of the Christian missions among the pagan Wends (a Slavic people), Otto I suggested at the Roman Synod of 962 the creation of an archiepiscopal see at Magdeburg. Pope John XII consented, and shortly before the execution of the plan in 968 it was decided at the Synod of Ravenna (967) to create three bishoprics — Meissen, Merseburg, and Zeitz — as suffragans of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The year in which the Diocese of Meissen was established is disputed, as the oldest extant records may be forgeries; however, the record of endowment by Otto I in 971 is considered genuine.

In 1346 the diocese stretched from the Ore Mountains and Iser Mountains in the south, from there northwards downstream the Queis and Bober rivers, forming the eastern boundary, in the north downstream the Oder to the junction of the Lusatian Neisse and on along the Oder, then crossing to the middle course of the Spree in the northwest, thus including Upper Lusatia (then the deanery of Bautzen) and Lower Lusatia (a provostry of the same name).

The chief task of the bishops of the new see was the conversion of the Wends, to which Bishops Volkold (died 992) and Eido (died 1015) devoted themselves with great zeal. Saint Benno (1066–1106), bishop of Meissen, devoted himself to missionary work among the Slavs. In the 13th century the pagan Wends were finally converted to Christianity, chiefly through the efforts of the great Cistercian monasteries, the most important of which were Dobrilugk and Neuzelle.

In 1365 Pope Urban V appointed the Archbishop of Prague legatus natus, or perpetual representative of the Holy See, for the Dioceses of Meissen, of Bamberg and of Regensburg (Ratisbon); the opposition of Magdeburg made it impossible to exercise in Meissen the privileges of this office, and Meissen remained, though under protest, subject to the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Magdeburg.

William I, Margrave of Meissen prevailed on Pope Boniface IX in 1405 to free Meissen from the authority of the Magdeburg metropolitan and to place it as an exempt diocese directly under the Holy See. John VII of Schleinitz (1518–1537) was a resolute opponent of Martin Luther, whose revolt began in neighbouring Wittenberg (then part of the Diocese of Brandenburg), and, conjointly with George of Saxony, endeavored to crush the innovations. The canonisation of Benno (1523), urged by him, was intended to offset the progress of the Lutheranism. John VIII of Maltitz (1537–1549) and Nicholas II of Carlowitz (1549–1555) were unable to withstand the ever-spreading Reformation, which after the death of Duke George (1539) triumphed in the Saxon part of the diocese.

The last bishop, John of Haugwitz (1555–1581), placed his resignation in the hands of the cathedral chapter, in virtue of an agreement with Elector Augustus of Saxony, went over to Lutheranism, married and retired to the castle of Ruhetal near Mögeln.

As part of the Apostolic Prefecture of Meissen
Before his resignation and conversion Haugwitz appointed Johannes Leisentritt as diocesan administrator, seated in Bautzen, competent for the Lusatian areas of the diocese outside of Saxony. Leisentritt failed to win the pope for establishing a new diocese comprising only the Lusatian areas of Meissen diocese. However, in 1567 the Holy See separated the Lusatian areas from the Saxon parts of the diocese and established there the Apostolic Prefecture of Meissen, seated in Bautzen, with Leisentritt as its first prefect. In canon law an apostolic prefecture is a diocese on approval.

According to its location and its seat the prefecture used to be called alternatively the Apostolic Prefecture of the Two Lusatias (Upper and Lower Lusatia) or Apostolic Prefecture of Bautzen. The then liege lord of the Two Lusatias, the Catholic king of Bohemia (in personal union Holy Roman Emperor) did not effectively offend the spreading of the Reformation in the Two Lusatias. So it depended on the local vassals if Protestantism prevailed or not. When in 1635 the Lutheran Electorate of Saxony annexed the Two Lusatias it guaranteed in the cession contract (Traditionsrezess) with Bohemia to leave the existing religious relations untouched. As a signatory of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 Saxony later agreed to maintain the religious status quo as given in the reference year of 1624 in all its territories acquired since.

After the Prussian annexation of Lower Lusatia and eastern Upper Lusatia in 1815 the Holy See assigned the Lower Lusatian and eastern Upper Lusatian areas of the Meissen prefectureto the Prussian Prince-Bishopric of Breslau (Wrocław) in 1821 (Bull De salute animarum). The remaining prefecture, which had maintained a strong Catholic identity, used to be also called since the Apostolic Prefecture of (Saxon) Upper Lusatia.

As part of the See of Breslau/Wrocław
For the history between 1821 and 1972 see the History of the See of Wrocław.

The Bull De salute animarum disentangled Breslau diocese from Gniezno ecclesiastical province and made Breslau an exempt bishopric. The bull also reconfined the Breslau diocesan area, adding the Prussian-annexed parts of the Apostolic Prefecture of Meissen in Lower Lusatia (politically part of Prussian Brandenburg since 1815) and eastern Upper Lusatia (to Prussian Silesia as of 1815).

Prince-Bishop Emmanuel von Schimonsky combatted the rationalistic tendencies which were rife among his clergy in regard to celibacy and the use of Latin in the church services and ceremonies. During the episcopate of his predecessor the government had promulgated a law which was a source of much trouble to Schimonsky and his immediate successors; this was that in those places where Catholics were few in number, the parish should be declared extinct, and the church buildings given to the newly founded Evangelical Church in Prussia. In spite of the protests of the episcopal authorities, over one hundred church buildings were lost in this way, among them the Holy Cross Church in Neuzelle. King Frederick William III of Prussia put an end to this injustice, and sought to make good the injuries inflicted.

Freiherr Melchior von Diepenbrock's (1845–1853) episcopate was the beginning of a new religious and ecclesiastical life in the diocese. During the revolutionary period the prince-bishop not only maintained order in his see, which was in a state of ferment, but was also a supporter of the government. He received unusual honours from the king and was made a cardinal by the Pope. He died 20 January 1853, at Johannisberg (Jánský Vrch) Castle, in the Austrian Silesian part of the diocese, and was buried in the Wrocław Cathedral.

His successor, Heinrich Förster (1853–1881), carried on his work and completed it. Prince-Bishop Förster gave generous aid to the founding of churches, monastic institutions, and schools. The strife that arose between the Church and the State brought his labours in the Prussian part of his diocese to an end. He was deposed by the State and was obliged to leave Breslau and retire to the episcopal Johannisberg Castle in Austrian Silesia where he died, 20 October 1881; he was buried in the cathedral at Breslau.

Pope Leo XIII appointed as his successor in the disordered diocese Robert Herzog (1882–1886), who had been before the Prince-Episcopal Delegate for Brandenburg and Pomerania and provost of St. Hedwig's in Berlin. Prince-Bishop Herzog made every endeavour to bring order out of the confusion into which the quarrel with the State during the immediately preceding years had thrown the affairs of the diocese. Unfortunately, his episcopate was very short. The Holy See then appointed Georg Kopp who had done much to allay the strife between Church and State.

According to the census of 1 December 1905, the German part of the Breslau diocesan area, including the prince-episcopal delegation, comprised 3,342,221 Catholics; 8,737,746 Protestants; and 204,749 Jews. It was the richest German diocese by revenues and offertories. There were actively employed in the diocese 1,632 secular, and 121 regular, priests. The cathedral chapter included the two offices of provost and dean, and had 10 regular, and 6 honorary, canons.

 The restitution of Poland also brought changes in ecclesiastical respect. The Catholic parishes in East Upper Silesia and the Polish part of Cieszyn/Těšín Silesia were disentangled from Breslau on 7 November 1922. Whereas the sees of Breslau, of Hradec Králové and of Olomouc continued as Czechoslovakian-German cross-border dioceses.

According to the Prussian Concordat of 1929 the prior exempt See of Breslau was elevated to the rank of archdiocese in 1930, then supervising the Eastern German Ecclesiastical Province comprising Breslau proper and as suffragans the new diocese of Berlin, formerly exempt Diocese of Ermland (Warmia) and the new Prelature of Schneidemühl (Piła). Cardinal Adolf Bertram (1859–1945), bishop since 1914 was elevated to archbishop.

After World War II, in May 1945, the city of Breslau became again part of Poland under its historic Polish name Wrocław. On 21 June 1945 Bertram, while staying in the episcopal Jánský Vrch Castle in Czechoslovakian Javorník, appointed František Onderek (1888–1962) as vicar general for the Czechoslovak part of the archdiocese. On 6 July 1945 Bertram died on Jánský Vrch Castle. On 16 July the archdiocesan cathedral chapter, still comprising nine members, elected the Polish-speaking Ferdinand Piontek as capitular vicar, whom the Gestapo had banned from Breslau in early February 1945. On his return to the town he was sworn in by the chapter on 23 July. On 12 August 1945 Cardinal August Hlond appeared and demanded Piontek to resign from his office for the archdiocesan territory east of the Oder-Neisse line, claiming to act on the authority of papal mandates, however, only applying to the pre-war territory of Poland.

So Piontek – not knowing of the restricted mandate – resigned for the Polish-held parts of the archdiocese, but not for the remaining parts in Czechoslovakia and Allied-occupied Germany. On 15 August Hlond appointed three apostolic administrators for the Polish part of Wrocław archdiocese, with effect of 1 September. Capitular Vicar Piontek confirmed Onderek on 18 August 1945 als vicar general for the Czechoslovakian part of the archdiocese. Piontek was asked to help Karol Milik, the new administrator in Wrocław, and stayed. He could also take care of the Catholic clergy and laymen of German language, who were in the course of expulsion in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement by the Soviet-installed communist authorities.

Pope Pius XII did not recognise Hlond's overbearance. In order to strengthen Piontek's position Pius XII granted him the rights of a residing bishop on 28 February 1946. However, on 9 July the Polish authorities expelled Piontek and he stranded in Peine, then the British zone of occupation. On 31 July Pius XII confirmed Onderek's appointment and advanced him to Apostolic Administrator of the Czechoslovak part of the Archdiocese of Breslau (), seated in Český Těšín, thus definitely divesting it from Breslau's jurisdiction. The Archdiocese of Breslau remained in existence de jure, however, de facto this only applied to the archdiocesan territory in the Soviet Occupation zone of Germany. This also included big parts of the suffragan diocese of Berlin in the Soviet zone including the Allied-occupied city of Berlin, but not Berlin's diocesan areas east of the Oder-Neisse line.

In 1947 Piontek returned to the Soviet occupied archdiocesan territory west of the Oder-Neisse line and officiated as capitular vicar at the local branch of the archdiocesan ordinariate in Silesian Görlitz, built up since October 1945. Despite the anticlerical Soviet policy he managed to build up a new seminary in Neuzelle in 1948, after the old seminary in Poland was inaccessible for candidates from west of the new border. In 1949 Piontek's range of jurisdiction west of the Oder-Neisse line became part of East Germany. In 1953 Pius XII invested Piontek with the right to bear a crosier and bestow episcopal blessings. On 23 May 1959 Piontek became titular bishop of Barca.

The Holy See refused to acknowledge Polish Catholic Church claims to Wrocław, however, and only appointed for the Polish archdiocesan area auxiliary bishops to the Archdiocese of Kraków in order to serve the Poles, who remained in Silesia and those who settled in the region. Legally the archdiocese was still considered part of the Fulda Conference of Catholic Bishops inside Germany of the borders of 31 December 1937.

Apostolic Administration of Görlitz
On 28 June 1972, however, – in response to West Germany's change in Ostpolitik – Pope Paul VI redrew the archdiocesan boundary along the post-war borders. The Apostolic constitution Vratislaviensis – Berolinensis et aliarum disentangled the East German archdiocesan territory becoming the exempt new Apostolic Administration of Görlitz. Breslau's German suffragan the Berlin diocese became exempt.

On 27 June 1994 Pope John Paul II elevated the apostolic administration to the rank of a diocese, a suffragan to the newly elevated Archdiocese of Berlin. By his Apostolic exhortation Semper studuit John Paul II confirmed Wrocław's traditional Saint Hedwig of Silesia as diocesan patron saint.

Territory and membership
Görlitz's territory covers the northeast of today's Saxony and the southeast of today's Brandenburg (Lower Lusatia). Comprising prevalently Protestant parts of a former large diocese, the Diocese of Görlitz is by far the smallest German diocese in terms of Catholic membership, thinly dispersed over the territory except for Wittichenau (Kulow).

Institutions
In 1948 Ferdinand Piontek, then capitular vicar at the local branch of Breslau's archdiocesan ordinariate in Görlitz, opened the seminary Bernardinum in Neuzelle. It was merged with that in Erfurt in 1993 and its Neuzelle premises were later closed. Its library of more than 30,000 volumes was donated to the seminary of the Diocese of Legnica in 2000.

Ordinaries
Ferdinand Piontek (1945–1963)
Bernhard Huhn (1972–1994)
Rudolf Müller (1994–2006)
Konrad Zdarsa (2007–2010)
Wolfgang Ipolt (2011– )

Notes

Gorlitz
Diocese
Gorlitz
Christianity in Saxony
Christianity in Brandenburg


The 1981 Football League Cup Final was a football match between Liverpool and West Ham United on 14 March 1981 at Wembley Stadium, London. It was the final match of the 1980–81 Football League Cup, the 21st staging of the Football League Cup, a competition for the 92 teams in The Football League. Both teams were appearing in their second final, and had both lost their first finals in 1966 and 1978 respectively.

Both teams entered the competition in the second round. Liverpool's matches were generally comfortable victories, with the exception of the semi-final against Manchester City, which they won 2–1 over two-legs. West Ham's matches were generally close affairs, they only won by more two goals once, when they beat Burnley 6–0 over two-legs in the second round.

Watched by a crowd of 100,000, the first 90 minutes was goalless and the final went to extra time. Liverpool opened the scoring in the 118th minute, when defender Alan Kennedy scored. The goal was hotly contested as the shot passed over Sammy Lee of Liverpool in an offside position, obstructing the view of the West Ham goalkeeper, Phil Parkes. Referee Clive Thomas controversially allowed the goal to stand, his opinion being that Lee was not interfering with play. After the game, the usually placid West Ham manager, John Lyall, uncharacteristically expressed his anger to Thomas and said he "felt cheated". This was later misrepresented by Thomas as Lyall saying that "Thomas had cheated". The Liverpool lead lasted two minutes, as West Ham equalised courtesy of a Ray Stewart penalty, after a Liverpool handball on the line blocked a goal bound header from Alvin Martin. With the final score 1–1, the match was replayed on 1 April, at Villa Park, Birmingham. West Ham went ahead in the opening minutes, when Paul Goddard scored. However, their lead was short-lived as goals from Kenny Dalglish and Alan Hansen gave Liverpool the lead. No further goals were scored in the second half and Liverpool won the final 2–1 to win the competition for the first time.

Route to the final

Liverpool
Liverpool started slowly and lost the first leg of their 2nd-round game with Bradford City, before scoring four goals in the return leg at Anfield. They then scored a total of 12 goals in home ties against Swindon Town, Portsmouth and Birmingham City. In the semi-final they won their first leg at Manchester City, before a home draw allowed them to reach their second League Cup Final.

West Ham United
West Ham United played three Third Division sides in Burnley, Charlton Athletic and Barnsley to reach the quarter-final. Here, they beat First Division Tottenham Hotspur 1–0. In the semi-final; they recovered from losing the first leg to Coventry City to win the tie 4–3 on aggregate.

Match

Details

Replay

Details

References

External links
 LFC History Match Report
 LFC History Match Report (Replay)

League Cup Final 1981
League Cup Final 1981
League Cup Final
EFL Cup finals
March 1981 sports events in the United Kingdom
April 1981 sports events in the United Kingdom
Football League Cup Final
1980s in Birmingham, West Midlands
Sport in Birmingham, West Midlands


The Rock Island Bridge in Kansas City, Kansas is a rail crossing of the Kansas River. It connects the Armourdale, Kansas  to West Bottoms. It is a truss bridge that is closed to traffic.

It was built in 1905. It has two main spans and a smaller one on the east side. It also has a screw-jack lifting system to allow the bridge to be lifted during floods. It was used until 1972, when the Kansas City Stockyards closed down, Kemper Arena was built right in the path of the tracks, and Rock Island abandoned the line to the bridge later that year. The bridge's rails were cut off at each end and a levee for the Kansas River was built at the east end. It no longer carries railcars, but just carries electrical wires in a rack. It is located just north of Kansas Avenue over the Kansas River.

As of September 21, 2021,Flying Truss, LLC leased the Rock Island Bridge from the Unified Government of Wyndotte County.  Flying Truss will be creating and dining and entertainment venue along with a Community Zone to activate the river and bike trails.  Designs can be seen at rockislandkc.com

On the morning of September 21, 2022, Lumen Technologies reported a fire on the Rock Island Bridge.

External links
Railroads in Kansas - Kansas Heritage
Bridgehunter - Kansas City, Missouri
1951 floods photos
https://rockislandbridgeproject.org/

Bridges in Kansas City, Kansas
Bridges over the Kansas River
Railroad bridges in Kansas
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
Bridges completed in 1905
Truss bridges in the United States
1905 establishments in Kansas


Doris Egbring-Kahn (1926–2016) was a German actress.

She started her career in 1934 at the Städtische Oper Berlin. In Life Sucks, a 2008 film by Rudolf Steiner, Doris Egbring-Kahn plays the Grandma.

References

External links

 Biography Zeitgenössische Oper Berlin

1926 births
2016 deaths
German film actresses
German television actresses
Actors from Münster


The Euro Hockey League is an annual men's field hockey cup competition organized by the EHF for the very top field hockey clubs in Europe. The competition was launched at the start of the 2007-08 field hockey season when it merged and replaced the men's EuroHockey Club Champions Cup (the champions competition) and the EuroHockey Cup Winners Cup (the Cup Winners' competition). Featuring many of the world's best players, the EHL is now seen as the pinnacle of club hockey in Europe (hockey's equivalent of the UEFA Champions League) with top clubs from across the continent playing what many consider to be the most exciting and dynamic club hockey in the world.

The competition has been won by eight clubs, two of which have won it more than once. Bloemendaal is the most successful clubs in the tournament's history; having won it six times. The Waterloo Ducks became the first Belgian club to win the tournament. Dutch clubs have the highest number of victories (9 wins), followed by Germany (5 wins).

Format
From the 2019–20 season onwards the tournament features 20 clubs from the 11 highest-ranked EHF member countries. Although the competition is called the Euro Hockey League, after round 1 the competition was a knock-out, rather than league format (similar to the UEFA Champions League in football). From the 2019–20 season onwards round one is also a knock-out format.

Qualification
From the 2019–20 season onwards each year the 20 available league places are allocated between 11 EHF member countries' National Associations, depending on those National Associations' EHF Club Ranking. National Associations ranked 1–3 in the EHL Ranking Table may enter three teams each in the Euro Hockey League, while National Associations ranked 4-6 may enter two teams each, and National Associations ranked 7-11 one team.

National Associations rankings are derived from each country's results in the Euro Hockey League and EuroHockey Club Trophy over the previous 3 years, with the points in the earlier years discounted by 50% (year 2) and 75% (year 1). This ranking of National Associations is based on the performance of all their clubs in the Euro Hockey League and EuroHockey Club Trophy. The total number of points won by clubs from each country is divided by the number of clubs to which the National Association was entitled in that year's competitions.

Each qualifying National Association is required to enter their national champion club but is otherwise free to decide the system of qualification for their own clubs for any remaining places to which they are entitled that year.

To be eligible to play in the Euro Hockey League a country must enter 2 clubs in the EHF club competitions.

Tournament
For the 2019–20 season the EHL moves to a new format with the removal of the round-robin tournament in round one. Instead, a knock-out format will be used from the start of the tournament. Round one will be replaced by the knockout 16 with four sides advancing to the quarter-finals, or Final 8 as it's called, on Easter.  The Final8 will consist of the champions from the top four nations on the EHL rankings table alongside the four sides that qualified from the knockout 16.  This means that instead of a total of 24 teams from 12 associations there will be 20 teams from 11 associations.

Sponsorship
The much-improved presentation and packaging of the Euro Hockey League have attracted a number of high-profile sponsors, most notably Dutch bank ABN-AMRO, who are the presenting sponsor of the tournament. Volvo and Intersport are also named sponsors of the Euro Hockey League, while partnerships have been formed with McGregor, ErmaSport, ATP - The Advanced Travel Partner and Dutch advertising agency Ideas for Brands.

Summaries

Records and statistics

Performances by club

Performances by nation

Lower tournaments
The Euro Hockey League is the top men's club competition in Europe. Below the Euro Hockey League is the EuroHockey Club Trophy, then below that the EuroHockey Club Challenge 1, the EuroHockey Club Challenge 2, and so on. This structure is designed to give every EHF member nation the opportunity to enter their best clubs into European competition at an appropriate level, and through that exposure to improve the level of their domestic hockey.

See also
 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
 EuroHockey Club Trophy
 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup
 Women's Euro Hockey League

References

External links
Official website

International club field hockey competitions in Europe
Sports leagues established in 2007
2007 establishments in Europe
Multi-national professional sports leagues


Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Arsacid era coins and rock inscriptions of Sassanid kings and other notables such as Kartir.

Letters
Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters:

Numbers
Inscriptional Pahlavi had its own numerals:

Numbers are written right-to-left.  Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive.  For example, 24 is written as  (20 + 4).

Unicode

Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:

Gallery

References

Abjad writing systems
Iranian inscriptions
Middle Persian
Obsolete writing systems
Persian scripts


Eriogonum nervulosum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Snow Mountain buckwheat. This uncommon plant is endemic to the inland North Coast Ranges of California, where it is known from only a handful of occurrences, most of which are in Lake County. It is named for Snow Mountain, a local peak.

In the wild the plant grows in serpentine soils in its native mountains.

Description
This is a low perennial herb forming mats of rounded leaves with woolly undersides. It produces erect inflorescences no taller than 15 centimeters, which bear rounded clusters of pale yellow to dark pink flowers.

Cultivation
It is sometimes successfully cultivated in rock gardens.

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum nervulosum
Eriogonum nervulosum - Photo gallery

nervulosum
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Garden plants of North America


Tasso Ribeiro Jereissati (born 15 December 1948) is federal senator of Brazil. He is a former governor of Ceará from 1987 to 1991 and again from 1995 to 2002. He was formerly president of the Teotônio Vilela Institute, a PSDB-affiliated think tank.

References

Official page at the Brazilian Senate

1948 births
Living people
People from Fortaleza
Members of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
Governors of Ceará
Brazilian people of Arab descent
Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians
Brazilian people of Lebanese descent


Cubers is a documentary film directed by Richard LeBlanc and produced by Walter Forsyth. The documentary's production began in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, but visits Paris, Budapest, Orlando, Tel Aviv, Toulouse and more. It was released in North America on CBC The Lens, followed by Biography, Access, and three other major stations.

The documentary has already appeared in the Orlando Film Festival, Asheville Film Festival, and the Silver Wave Film Festival. The official television premiere was on November 25, 2008, on CBC's Newsworld.

Plot
The documentary follows speedcubers from all over the world who can solve the Rubik's Cube in less than 30 seconds through the obstacles of becoming crowned the World Rubik's Cube Champion.

Press
CUBERS has been getting attention in the Maritimes, including Halifax where the documentary held its premiere on September 14, 2008. There are articles online about the film and all mostly interview the film's director, Richard LeBlanc. In mostly of the articles, it can be read that LeBlanc has not yet solved the Rubik's Cube, despite making an entire film on the subject. Leblanc hopes to solve the puzzle before the premiere.

After a successful premiere at the Atlantic Film Festival, CUBERS has gotten articles on Yahoo, Metro News, and mentions on Maritime radio.

External links

CBC The Lens Cubers Page

Canadian documentary television films
Rubik's Cube
2008 films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films


The Kansas City Southern Bridge is a rail crossing of the Kansas River.  It has two main spans, and a smaller span at the west end.  It is a thru-truss, and closed to traffic.  It was built in 1905, by the Kansas City Southern Railway, and was closed in 1983.  The bridge's rails are cut off at each end. It survived the 1951 Kansas City flood. It is located about  south of James Street over the Kansas River.

See also
Kansas City Southern Railroad Bridge, Cross Bayou, Shreveport, Louisiana

Bridges in Kansas City, Kansas
Bridges over the Kansas River
Railroad bridges in Kansas
Bridges completed in 1905
Kansas City Southern Railway bridges
1905 establishments in Kansas


Dardistown Castle is a castle and country house situated in parkland near Julianstown in County Meath, Ireland a few miles south of Drogheda.

The medieval castle itself is a large four-storey medieval tower house to which a Victorian residential frontage has been added. The tower is square with sides about 44 feet long and 50 feet high, with a turret at each corner. The ground floor contains the main room with vaulted smaller rooms in three of the four turrets. The fourth turret contains an anti-clockwise spiral staircase. All the upper floors have wooden ceilings and fireplaces in each main room. The corner turrets are higher than the rest of the tower and have a small flight of stairs leading to the turret roof. The staircase turret leads to a parapet walk.

The residential extensions were added around 1750 with the addition of a front hall, drawing room and dining room, to which upper floors were later added. Other extensions were added around 1800 and the frontage was built in 1860.

History
In 1449, William Nugent was discharged 20 marks for not building a castle at Dardistown in Meath, and had his letters patent annulled. In the 7th and 8th years of Edward IV's reign, the manor was freed from the charges.

During the Hundred Years' War, grants of £10 were issued to landowners in the Pale to construct fortified houses to aid in their defence in the army's absence. Dardistown Castle was built in 1465 by John Cornwalsh, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer with such a grant. It was extended in the 16th century by Dame Jenet Sarsfield, widow of Robert Plunkett, 5th Baron of Dunsany and of Sir John Plunket of Dunsoghly Castle, Dublin, who added a new entrance and other extensions. The battle of Julianstown in 1641 is said to have been fought on the front lawn of the castle when the house was occupied by Richard Talbot: the Talbots, who were related by marriage to Jenet Sarsfield, had inherited it in about 1600.

The castle later came into the hands of the Osborne family who occupied it until recently. Francis Osborne was M.P. for Navan from 1692 to 1703. Henry Osborne (d.10 May 1828) also owned Cooperhill Brickworks which supplied red bricks to many of Drogheda's buildings, including Saint Joseph's Convent (1896), Dublin Road. He also bought the horse pulling a stagecoach in 1827 which later gave birth to Abd-El-Kader, the first successive Grand Nationals winner (for his trainer son Joseph) in 1850 and 1851.

The castle then passed via Samuel Henry Osborne to Henry St. George Osborne, who died in 1899 and after him to his son Henry Ralph Osborne, who died in the 1970s. In 2003 it was owned by Lizanne Allen.

Today the upper floors of the tower have been made available to rent and the castle is open to the public two days a week for most of the year.

References

External links
Official website

Castles in County Meath
Houses in County Meath
Country houses in Ireland


Eriogonum nidularium is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name birdnest buckwheat. It is native to the sandy flats and desert dry washes of the Mojave Desert and Great Basin in the western United States, where it is common and abundant. This is a distinctive annual herb producing a thin, multibranched stem which curves in on itself to form a rounded, tangled mass.

Description
The plant resembles a bird nest, hence its common name. Its rounded form rarely reaches 30 centimeters in height and its curving twigs are mostly naked, the small leaves appearing mainly at the base of the plant.

When in bloom the plant produces tiny fan-shaped hanging clusters of flowers at nodes along the thin branches of the stem. The flowers are yellowish to pinkish, sometimes with small streaks of bright red.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum nidularium
Eriogonum nidularium - Photo gallery

nidularium
Flora of Idaho
Flora of Oregon
Flora of Nevada
Flora of Arizona
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of Utah
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Great Basin
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Lyon – Mont Verdun Air Base (Base Aérienne 942) is located to the northwest of Lyon.  It is a center for air defense operations transferred to the site from the now-deactivated headquarters of the French Air Force at Taverny Air Base – BA921 near Paris, with an underground alternate strategic command center hardened against chemical and nuclear attack.

The location includes the South Sector Operations Center of the Commandement de la Défense Aérienne et des Opérations Aériennes (CDAOA or Air Defense and Operations Command), which is connected to NATO's Air Command and Control System (ACCS).

References

External links

 Base Aérienne 942 official site

Installations of the French Air and Space Force
Nuclear bunkers in France
Continuity of government
Emergency management in France
Nuclear command and control
Nuclear weapons program of France
Organizations based in Lyon


Shaista Wahab has written Dari language books. Her book A Brief History of Afghanistan was published in 2007. Wahab was a librarian and professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha where she coordinated the Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection in the Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library Archives & Special Collections. An oral history specialist, she served as a consultant to the Afghanistan Unveiled (2002–2003) film project by Independent Lens, which was later picked up by PBS.

References

External links
 Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection, Archives & Special Collections, Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library, University of Nebraska at Omaha
 Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection Bibliography, Volume I: Pashto and Dari Titles, Lincoln: Dageforde Publishing, 1995.
 Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection Bibliography - Volume II: English and European Languages, Lincoln: NE.: Dageforde Publishing, 2000.
 Afghanistan Unveiled

Afghan educators
Afghan women educators
Living people
21st-century Afghan historians
Afghan women historians
University of Nebraska Omaha faculty
21st-century Afghan women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Nairobi City Stars is an association football club based in Nairobi, Kenya that currently competes in the first tier Kenyan Premier League.

History
The club was founded in 2003 as World Hope Football Club after a majority of players followed head coach Zedekiah 'Zico' Otieno from relegated Kawangware United. The club was formed and owned by World Hope International, a charitable organization.

After one season in the Nationwide League, World Hope was promoted to the Kenyan Premier League.

In October 2008, the club was bought by Ambassadors in Sport (AIS Kenya), who renamed the club to Nairobi City Stars FC after the 2008 season.

After the take over Nairobi City Stars was initially coached by German manager Oliver Page, a former Bundesliga player. He resigned from the post-half-season in June 2009 despite good results, citing personal issues

After a short while under the new owners, the team reverted to Peter Jabuya who would struggle with the team till March 2019 when the club was fully acquired by Jonathan Jackson Foundation, a community-focused setup named after its founder Jonathan Jackson who is a real estate mogul in Kenya and in Europe.

Upon the change of hands the new owners hired online journalist Patrick Korir as the CEO to streamline the club's operations. And in July 2019 the club went searching for a foreign coach and hired Sarajevo-born Sanjin Alagić, a UEFA Pro licensed coach from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

He led the team to the 2019/20 Kenyan National Super League title and automatic promotion back to the Kenyan Premier League after four seasons out.

Alagić exited at the expiry of his contract at the end of June 2021. From September of the same year Nicholas Muyoti was appointed the new coach on a three-year deal.

Honors
Kenya Nationwide League
 Champions (1): 2003/4
FKF President's Cup
 Champions (1): 2005
Kenyan National Super League
 Champions (1): 2019/20

Performance in CAF competitions
CAF Confederation Cup: 1 appearance
2006 – Preliminary Round

Current squad

Club officials

Management

Technical Bench

Past coaches

 Zedekiah 'Zico' Otieno (Sep 2003-Nov 2004)
 Robert Matano (Nov 2004 - Nov 2007)
 John “Bobby” Ogolla (Jan-Nov 2008)
 Oliver Pagé (Nov 2008-May 2009)
 Kennedy Odhiambo (May 2009-Aug 2011)
 Gideon Ochieng (Aug 2011-Sep 2012)
 Bai Malleh Wadda (Sep 2012-June 2013)
 Charles Omondi (June-Sep 2013)
 Jan Koops (Sep 2013-Jan 2014)
 Robinson Ndubuisi (Jan-Apr 2014)
 Tim Bryett (Apr-Jul 2014)
 Robinson Ndubuisi (Jul-Dec 2014)
 Paul Nkata (Jan-June 2015)
 Gabriel Njoroge (Jul-Sep 2015)
 Dennis Okoth  (Sep-Dec 2015)
 John “Bobby” Ogolla  (Jan-June 2016)
 Richard Pinto Tamale (Jul-Dec 2016)
 Robert Matano (Jan-May 2017)
 Abdul-Samadu Musafiri (Jul-Dec 2017)
 John Amboko (Jan-Dec 2018)
 Jimmy Kintu (Jan-Apr 2019)
 John Amboko (Apr-Jun 2019)
 Sanjin Alagić (July 2019 - June 2021)
 John Amboko (Jul-Aug 2019)
 Nicholas Muyoti (Sept 2021 - to date)

Notable past players

  Victor Wanyama
  John Mark Makwatta
  Dan Sserunkuma
  James Situma
  Pascal Ochieng
  Kennedy Odhiambo
  Thomas Wanyama
  George Odhiambo
  Harrison Muranda
  Collins Tiego
  Levy Muaka
  Wesley Onguso
  George Abege
  Francis Thairu
  George Midenyo
  George Odary
  Victor Ochieng
  Erick Ochieng
  Paul Okatwa
  Lawrence Kasadha
  Justus Basweti
  Kevin Ochieng
  Noah Abich
  Edward Karanja

Top scorers per season
Top scorers per season. * Award shared during that season

All time top scorers
A list of all-time Nairobi City Stars goalscorers. For players who have scored 12 or more goals.

As of 12 June 2022

* Still active

Records
Record victory: 4–0 vs. Vihiga Bullets on 6 Nov 2021
Record victory: 4–0 vs. Kisumu Telkom on 11 Feb 06
Record victory: 4–0 vs. Congo United on 22 Oct 2011
Record defeat: 0–5 vs. Sofapaka F.C. on 7 Aug 2016
Best league performance: 5th in 2021-22 Kenyan Premier League

Premier League records

CS - Clean Sheet

Second tier League records

Most Kenyan Premier League appearances
221 - John Amboko  at GAS

Record all-time goalscorer
35 – Justus Basweti

Record Kenyan National Super League goalscorer
17 - Davis Agesa

Record Kenyan Premier League goalscorer
27 - Justus Basweti

Most capped players
42 – James Situma – Kenya national football team (2009–2016)
34 – Peter Opiyo – Kenya national football team (2009–2014)

References

External links
 Nairobi City Stars GSA
 Nairobi City Stars  Soccerway
Nairobi City Stars Livescores

Kenyan National Super League clubs
Sport in Nairobi
Football clubs in Kenya

da:Nairobi City Stars


The Rove is a breed of goat first domesticated in France. The breed was previously considered endangered, but as of 2003, more than 5,000 registered Roves are on French farms. The goat was originally bred for meat, but because the French market for goat meat was poor, farmers began to use the Rove for dairying instead.

History

The Rove goat is from Le Rove, a small village near Marseille that gave it its name.

Description

The Rove goat is primarily characterized by its long, twisted horns; they can reach nearly 4 ft in length. The goats have a smooth coat often in red or black, but also in ash gray, red speckled with white, red mixed with gray, black with tan markings under the eyes and nose, or red and black.

It is a medium-sized goat. Females range from 100 to 120 lbs and males between 175 and 200 lbs.

References

Meat goat breeds
Goat breeds originating in France
Goat breeds