Franz Dienert (1 January 1900 – 1978) was a German footballer who participated at the 1934 FIFA World Cup. He played club football with VfB Mühlburg.

References

1900 births
1978 deaths
German men's footballers
Karlsruher SC players
1934 FIFA World Cup players
Men's association football forwards
Place of birth missing


Sooty is a British children's television series, created and presented by Richard Cadell, and premiered on CITV on 5 November 2001, running for three series. The programme is the fourth programme in the franchise of the same name, and replaced Sooty Heights, with Cadell supported by co-presenter Vicki Lee Taylor, and Brenda Longman during the first series, and Sheila Clark for the remaining series. The programme focuses on the exploits of the titular character and his puppet friends in their running of the hotel, and features many elements used in previous programmes. The show saw the return of a puppet character from the franchise, as well as the creation of a new character.

The programme was originally produced by Gullane Entertainment, before the production company was bought up by HIT Entertainment following the first series. HIT's decision to cut costs and make changes to the programme, including using new puppets, resulted in several members of production leaving the programme, and Sooty being eventually cancelled in January 2004 due to falling viewing figures. In conclusion, Vicki Lee Taylor left the programme and it was revamped into a new series of the same name in 2011 in which Richard, Sooty, Sweep and Soo quit running the hotel and began running a holiday park instead.

Premise
Sooty focuses on the misadventures of the titular character of the programme and his friends – Sweep, Soo, and Little Cousin Scampi – managing a hotel alongside their close friends Richard Cadell and Vicki Lee Taylor. Along with them, the group are also joined by Butch – another dog whom the group have been with before, who attempts various jobs that the group find themselves assigning to him – and Miki – a Brazilian cat who joins the hotel as its chef. The programme functions on the same format as Sooty Heights and previous programmes in the Sooty franchise, including slapstick humour, guest stars, and music and songs.

Cast
Richard Cadell – presenter
Vicki Lee Taylor – co-presenter
Sooty – a mute yellow bear who is the protagonist of the show. He owns a magic wand whose power is invoked using the words "Izzy wizzy, let's get busy".
Sweep – a dim-witted grey dog with a penchant for bones and sausages. He communicates using bizarre squeaks.
Soo – a calm and collected female panda who acts as the foil for both Sooty and Sweep and usually wears a red skirt. She was voiced by her long-time voice actor Brenda Longman in Series 1, but was replaced with Sheila Clark for Season 2 and 3.
Little Cousin Scampi – Sooty's cousin, who is very cheeky and a serial troublemaker. He wears a navy-blue school uniform and, like Sooty, is mute. However, in this show he is rarely seen.
Butch The Dog – a bull dog who often visits the hotel.
Miki – a Brazilian cat who is also the hotel's chef. She is a new character made especially for this show.

Episodes

Series 1 (2001)
 "All New Sooty" (5 November 2001)
 "A New Arrival" (6 November 2001)
 "Sci Fi Sooty" (7 November 2001)
 "It's My Party" (8 November 2001)
 "Sweep Asleep" (9 November 2001)
 "Sad Sad Sooty" (12 November 2001)
 "It's a Dog's Life" (13 November 2001)
 "Practice Makes Perfect" (14 November 2001)
 "Night of a Thousand Bears" (15 November 2001)
 "You Don't Scare Me" (16 November 2001)
 "A Cat and Dog Thing" (19 November 2001)
 "Favourite Things" (20 November 2001)
 "Santa's Back" (21 November 2001)

Source:

Series 2 (2002)
 "Robo Richard" (15 October 2002)
 "The Mysterious Visitor" (22 October 2002)
 "Sooty's Pet" - (29 October 2002)
 "Superheroes" (5 November 2002)
 "Sooty in Charge" (12 November 2002)
 "Sooty's Magic Garden" (19 November 2002)
 "The New Gang" (26 November 2002)
 "The Little Big People" (3 December 2002)
 "Digging for Dinosaurs" (10 December 2002)
 "Best Friends" (17 December 2002)

Series 3 (2003–2004)
All episodes were filmed and produced in 2002.
 "Sooty's Baby" (27 October 2003)
 "Double Trouble" (28 October 2003)
 "Flying Fun" (29 October 2003)
 "Sooty at the Seaside" (30 October 2003)
 "Treasure Hunt" (31 October 2003)
 "Water, Water Everywhere" (7 November 2003)
 "Sooty's Ghost" (10 November 2003)
 "Let's Get Camping" (17 November 2003)
 "Sooty the Scientist" (28 November 2003)
 "Keep Fit Sooty" (6 January 2004)

References

External links
 Sooty at itv.com/citv

2001 British television series debuts
2004 British television series endings
2000s British children's television series
2000s British workplace comedy television series
British children's comedy television series
British television shows featuring puppetry
ITV children's television shows
ITV comedy
English-language television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Granada Television
Television series by Mattel Television
Sooty
Gullane Entertainment


The  Diocese of Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Apulia, southern Italy, 40 km (25 miles) south-west of the coastal city of Bari. In 1986. the territorial prelature of Altamura e Acquaviva delle Fonti was united with the diocese of Gravina. The present diocese is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto.
The seat of the bishop is at Altamura Cathedral, with Acquaviva Cathedral and Gravina Cathedral as co-cathedrals.

History

Altamura
Altamura was once a territorial prelature, founded in 1232 and endowed by the Emperor Frederick II, who declared it to be free and exempt from all episcopal jurisdiction. It was governed by an archpriest. It was declared exempt from episcopal jurisdiction by Pope Innocent IV in 1248, and again by Pope Innocent VIII (1484–92).

The Chapter of the major church of the territorial prelature of Altamura was composed of four dignities (the Archdeacon, the Cantor, the Primicerius, and the Treasurer) and twenty-four Canons, who had the right to use the cappa magna and rochet.

Acquaviva
Acquaviva delle Fonti, a town of the Campagna, was declared similarly exempt by Pope Pius IX and united with Altamura on 17 August 1848.

Diocesan Reorganization

Following the Second Vatican Council, and in accordance with the norms laid out in the council's decree, Christus Dominus chapter 40, It also recommended the abolition of anomalous units such as exempt territorial prelatures. Pope Paul VI ordered a reorganization of the ecclesiastical provinces in southern Italy, beginning with consultations among the members of the Congregation of Bishops in the Vatican Curia, the Italian Bishops Conference, and the various dioceses concerned.

On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. The Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese.

On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the diocese of Gravina be merged with the territorial prelatures of Altamura and of Aquaviva into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Dioecesis Altamurensis-Gravinensis-Aquavivensis. The seat of the diocese was to be in Altamura, where the prelatial church was to serve as the cathedral of the merged diocese. The cathedral in Gravina and the prelatial seat in Aquaviva were to have the honorary titles of "co-cathedral"; the Chapters were each to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in Altamura, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the suppressed diocese and territorial prelatures. To make the territories of the new diocese congruent, the town of San Teramo in Colle was detached from the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto and added to that of Altamura. The new diocese was made a suffragan of the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto.

Prelates and Bishops

Territorial Prelature of Altamura
Erected: 1248
Latin Name: Altamurensis

Riccardo of Brindisi
Niccolò Barbara (1250 - 1262)
Giovanni Correnti (1262 - 1264)
Palmiro De Viana (1265 - 1266)
Niccolò Catamarra (1270 - 1274)
Giovanni (1275 - 1278 resigned)
Guglielmo De Corbolio (21 ottobre 1279 - 1280 resigned)
Pietro De Lusarchiis (1280 - 1284)
Roberto De Lusarchiis (30 dicembre 1284 - 1285 resigned)
Giovanni II (1285 dimesso)
Giovanni III (1285 - 1292 resigned)
Dionigi Juppart (26 aprile 1293 - 1295)
Guglielmo De Venza (1295 resigned)
Pietro de Moreriis (1296 – c. 1308?)
Umberto De Montauro (1308 - 1313)
Rostaino di Candole (1313 - 1328)
Humfredo (1328 - 1329)
Pietro De Moreriis (1329 - 1335 resigned)
Giovanni De Moreriis (1336 - 1350)
Dionigi De Merlino (1350 - 1366)
Guglielmo Gallo (1367 - ?)
Pietro D'Anfilia (1394 - 1399)
Antonio Berleth (1400 - 1420)
Antonio Della Rocca (1420 - 1442)
Pietro Di Gargano (1442 - 1464)
Antonio D'Ajello (1464 - 1472)
Antonio del Giudice (De Pirro) (1472 - 1477) Royal Administrator
Pietro Miguel (1477 -1477 resigned)
Francesco Rossi (1477 - 1527)
Fabio Pignatelli (29 luglio 1528 - circa febbraio 1529 resigned)*
Niccolò Sapio (2 febbraio 1529 - 1548)
Vincenzo Salazar (1550 - 1557 resigned)
Vincenzo Palagano (1557 - 1579)
Maurizio Moles (1579 - 1580 resigned)
Giulio Moles (1580 - 1586 resigned)
Girolamo De Mari (1586 - 1624)
Sede vacante (1624-1627)
Rodrigo D'Anaja e Guevara (1627 - 1635)
Sede vacante (1635-1640)
Alessandro Effrem (1640 - 1644)
Sede vacante (1644-1649)
Giovanni Montero Olivares (1649 - 1656)
Giuseppe Cavalliere (1656 - 1664)
Pietro Magri (1664 - 1688)
Nicola Abrusci (1689 -1698)
Baldassarre De Lerma (1699 - 1717)
Michele Orsi (1718 - 1722)
Damiano Poloù (1724 - 1727)
Antonio De Rinaldis (1727 - 1746)
Marcello Papiniano Cusano (1747 - 1753)
Giuseppe Mastrilli (1753 - 1761 resigned)
Bruno Angrisani (1761 - 1775)
Celestino Guidotti (1775 - 1783)
Gioacchino de Gemmis (1783 - 1818)
Federico Guarini, O.S.B. (1818 - 1828)
Cassiodoro Margarita (1828 - 17 August 1842 resigned) Royal administrator
Giandomenico Falcone (1 June 1842 – 10 July 1858 – 24 December 1862)
Sede Vacante (24 December 1862 – 28 August 1879)
Luigi Marcello Pellegrini (1879–1894 Died)
Carlo Caputo (1897–1904 Appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Germany)
Tommaso Cirielli (1899–1902 Died)
Carlo Giuseppe Cecchini, O.P. (1904–1909 Appointed Archbishop of Taranto)
Adolfo Verrienti (1910–1929 Resigned)
Domenico Dell'Aquila (1932–1942 Died)
Giuseppe Della Cioppa (1943–1947 Appointed Bishop of Alife)

Territorial Prelature of Altamura ed Acquaviva delle Fonti
Name Changed: 17 August 1848
Latin Name: Altamurensis et Aquavievensis
Metropolitan: Archdiocese of Bari-Canosa

Salvatore Rotolo, S.D.B. (1948–1962 Retired)
Antonio D'Erchia (1962–1964 Appointed Apostolic Administrator of Conversano)
Salvatore Isgró (1975–1982 Appointed Archbishop of Sassari)
Tarcisio Pisani, O.M. (1982–1986 Appointed Bishop of Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti)

Diocese of Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti
30 September 1986: United with the Diocese of Gravina
Latin Name: Altamurensis-Gravinensis-Aquavievensis
Tarcisio Pisani, O.M. (30 Sep 1986-1994)
Agostino Superbo (1994–1997 Resigned)
Mario Paciello (1997–2013 Retired)
Giovanni Ricchiuti (2013– )

See also
Roman Catholic Diocese of Gravina-Montepeloso

References

Books

Giaconella, Francesco (2020), "L’inedita cronaca di Altamura di Michele Santoro,"  Altamura: Rivista storica no. 61 (Altamura: Archivio-Biblioteca-Museo Civico, Altamura 2020), pp. 115-138, at p. 123.

Lucarelli A. (1904), Notizie e documenti riguardanti la storia di Acquaviva delle Fonti, , Vol. I, Giovinazzo , 1904.
 Serena, Ottavio (1902). "La chiesa di Altamura, la serie dei suoi prelati e le sue iscrizioni", in: Rassegna pugliese di scienze lettere ed arti 19, nos. 11-12 (1902), pp. 322–337.

Altamura
Religious organizations established in the 1240s
Altamura
Diocese


The 1988 season was the San Francisco 49ers' 39th in the National Football League (NFL), their 43rd overall, and their tenth and final season under head coach Bill Walsh. The season was highlighted by their third Super Bowl victory. They failed to improve on their 13–2 record from 1987, and the 49ers struggled to a 6–5 record at the midway point and were in danger of missing the playoffs for the first time since 1982, but rose to defeat the Washington Redskins on a Monday night, eventually finishing the season at 10–6. They gained a measure of revenge by thrashing the Minnesota Vikings 34–9 in the first round of the playoffs; the Vikings had upset the #1-seeded 49ers the previous season in the divisional round. The 49ers then traveled to Chicago's Soldier Field, where the wind-chill factor at game time was 26 degrees below zero. They defeated the Chicago Bears 28–3 in the NFC Championship game.

For the 49ers, it was their first Super Bowl appearance since they defeated the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl XIX. They had made the playoffs in the three seasons between Super Bowl XIX and Super Bowl XXIII, but were eliminated each time in the first round, primarily because of the poor performances by their offensive stars in those games; quarterback Joe Montana, receiver Jerry Rice and running back Roger Craig all failed to produce a single touchdown.

The 49ers alternated quarterbacks as Montana and Steve Young both started at various points of the season. The broadcast booth of the 49ers radio network also saw change, as Joe Starkey substituted for longtime 49ers play by play announcer Lon Simmons during several games, mostly in October when Simmons called the Oakland Athletics 1988 American League Championship Series and 1988 World Series games for the Oakland A's flagship station, KSFO–AM. The 1988 season was the last for Simmons as 49ers broadcaster. With the regular season and postseason, the 49ers compiled a total of 13 victories (a .684 win percentage) on the season, a record-low for Super Bowl champions. In 2011, the New York Giants would tie this record (but with a .650 win percentage as they suffered seven losses as opposed to the 49ers six).

NFL Films produced a documentary about the team's season entitled State of the Art; it was narrated by Jeff Kaye. On March 8, 2007, NFL Network aired America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions, the 1988 San Francisco 49ers, with team commentary from Bill Walsh, Harris Barton and Roger Craig, and narrated by Ed Harris.

Offseason

NFL Draft

Training Camp
The 1988 San Francisco 49ers season held training camp at Sierra College in Rocklin, California.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

1988 Team Starters

Offense

Defense

Kicking Team

Preseason

Schedule

Preseason Game summaries

Week P1 (Sunday, July 31, 1988): vs. Miami Dolphins

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Week P2 (Saturday, August 6, 1988): vs. Los Angeles Raiders

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Week P3 (Saturday, August 13, 1988): at Denver Broncos

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Week P4 (Saturday, August 20, 1988): at San Diego Chargers

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Week P5 (Friday, August 26, 1988): vs. Seattle Seahawks

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Regular season
In the 1988 season, San Francisco won the NFC West with a 10–6 regular season record, but it was a long uphill battle; the 49ers, Rams, and Saints all finished 10–6 with the 49ers winning the division on tiebreakers. The team had a quarterback controversy with Montana and Steve Young each starting at quarterback during the season. But after a 6–5 start, Montana led the 49ers to win 4 of their final 5 regular season games.

Montana finished the regular season with 238 completions for 2,981 yards and 18 touchdowns, and also added 132 rushing yards. His favorite target was Rice, who recorded 64 receptions for 1,306 yards (a 20.4 yards per catch average) and 9 touchdowns. Craig was also a key contributor with a total of 2,036 combined rushing and receiving yards and 10 touchdowns, earning him the NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award. Fullback Tom Rathman also made a big impact, rushing for 427 yards and catching 42 passes for 387 yards. The 49ers defense was led by defensive backs Ronnie Lott, Eric Wright, Jeff Fuller, and Tim McKyer, who recorded a combined total of 18 interceptions. McKyer led the team with 7, while Lott recorded 5. Linebacker Charles Haley was also a big contributor with 11.5 sacks and 2 fumble recoveries.

Schedule

Regular Season Game summaries

Week 1 (Sunday, September 4, 1988): at New Orleans Saints

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 7 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 13/23, 161 YDS, 3 TDs, 1 INT; Young – 1/3, 4 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 18 CAR, 67 YDS, 1 TD; Rice – 2 CAR, 29 YDS; Montana – 3 CAR, 20 YDS; Rathman – 8 CAR, 10 YDS; Young – 1 CAR, -2 YDS
Receiving: Frank – 5 REC, 59 YDS, 2 TDs; Craig – 5 REC, 43 YDS; Rice – 2 REC, 41 YDS; Wilson – 1 REC, 17 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 1 REC, 5 YDS
Kickoff Return: DuBose – 4 KR, 105 YDS
Punt Return: Griffin – 2 PR, 18 YDS
Punting: Runager – 1 PUNT, 24 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 4/4 PAT, 2/2 FG
Sacks: Carter – 2.0; Fagan – 1.0; Haley – 1.0; Roberts – 1.0
Interceptions: Lott – 1 INT, 11 YDS; Carter – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The Saints, fresh off the first winning season in franchise history, clawed to a 17–10 halftime lead in the second quarter, but Joe Montana erupted in the third with three touchdown throws. Head coach Bill Walsh, wanting to get playing time for backup Steve Young, put Young in for the fourth quarter; Young was sacked in the endzone for a safety and the Saints scored seven more points after that, nonetheless coming up short 34–33 to the 49ers.

Week 2 (Sunday, September 11, 1988): at New York Giants

Point spread: 49ers +2
 Over/Under: 44.0 (under)
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 13 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 10/18, 148 YDS, 1 TD; Young – 11/18, 115 YDS; Rice – 0/1, 0 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 18 CAR, 110 YDS; Young – 5 CAR, 48 YDS; – Rathman – 6 CAR, 21 YDS; DuBose – 3 CAR, 2 YDS, 1 TD; Montana – 1 CAR, 0 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 9 REC, 69 YDS; Rice – 4 REC, 109 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 3 REC, 27 YDS; Wilson – 2 REC, 25 YDS; Heller – 2 REC, 24 YDS; Chandler – 1 REC, 9 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 49 YDS
Punt Returns: Chandler – 2 PR, 14 YDS
Punting: Helton – 4 PUNTS, 156 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 2/2 PAT, 2/4 FG
Sacks: Fagan – 1.0; Haley – 1.0; Roberts – 1.0
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 62, 35

Concerned over Montana's health, coach Walsh started Steve Young in his place against the Giants; Young's rawness to the Niners offensive system showed as he was limited to 115 yards passing and the Niners trailed 17–13 in the fourth. Montana came in and fired a 77-yard touchdown in the final minutes to Jerry Rice and a 20–17 Niners win.

Week 3 (Sunday, September 18, 1988): vs. Atlanta Falcons

Point spread: 49ers –14
 Over/Under: 44.0 (over)
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 5 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 32/48, 343 YDS, 2 TDs, 3 INTs; Rice – 0/1, 0 YDS, 1 INT
Rushing: Craig – 13 CAR, 57 YDS; Rathman – 2 CAR, 23 YDS; Rice – 2 CAR; 20 YDS; Montana – 2 CAR; 4 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 10 REC, 61 YDS; Rice – 8 REC, 183 YDS; Rathman – 5 REC, 29 YDS; Chandler – 3 REC, 24 YDS; Wilson – 2 REC, 18 YDS, 1 TD; Heller – 2 REC, 17 YDS; McIntyre – 1 REC, 17 YDS, 1 TD; Nicholas – 1 REC, 14 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 56 YDS
Punt Returns: Chandler – 2 PR, 4 YDS
Punting: Helton – 4 PUNTS, 166 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 2/2 PAT, 1/1 FG
Sacks: Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Fuller – 1 INT, 0 YDS; Holmoe – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The 49ers lost to the Falcons for only the fourth time since 1981 as Joe Montana was intercepted three times and sacked three times in a 34–17 rout. Gerald Riggs of the Falcons rushed for 115 yards and a touchdown.

Week 4 (Sunday, September 25, 1988): at Seattle Seahawks

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 0 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 20/29, 302 YDS, 4 TDs, 1 INT; Young – 4/6, 49 YDS, 1 TD
Rushing: Craig – 21 CAR, 107 YDS; Rathman – 15 CAR, 79 YDS; DuBose – 8 CAR, 38 YDS; Sydney – 3 CAR, 16 YDS; Young – 1 CAR, –1 YD
Receiving: Rice – 6 REC, 163 YDS, 3 TDs; Craig – 6 REC, 38 YDS; Wilson – 4 REC, 62 YDS; Rathman – 3 REC, 37 YDS; DuBose – 3 REC, 29 YDS; Frank – 1 REC, 13 YDS, 1 TD; Sydney – 1 REC, 9 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 2 KR, 28 YDS
Punt Returns: Chandler – 2 PR, 10 YDS; Griffin – 1 PR, 10 YDS
Punting: Helton – 3 PUNTS, 112 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 5/5 PAT, 1/4 FG
Sacks: Haley – 2.0; Carter – 1.0
Interceptions: Fuller – 1 INT, 10 YDS; Holmoe – 1 INT, 0 YDS; McKyer – 1 INT; 0 YDS; Wright – 1 INT, –2 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 31, 52, 55

The Niners rebounded by putting up 580 yards of offense in a 38–7 rout of the Seahawks. Joe Montana threw four touchdowns and Steve Young added a fifth while Roger Craig and Tom Rathman accounted for 186 rushing yards. The Seahawks' Jeff Kemp was intercepted three times and Kelly Stouffer added a fourth pick.

Week 5 (Sunday, October 2, 1988): vs. Detroit Lions

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 2 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 19/30, 182 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 18 CAR, 90 YDS; Rathman – 12 CAR, 74 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 11 YDS, 1 TD; Montana – 4 CAR, 1 YD
Receiving: Wilson – 6 REC, 59 YDS; Craig – 5 REC, 31 YDS; Rathman – 4 REC, 38 YDS; Rice – 2 REC, 35 YDS; Heller – 2 REC, 19 YDS
Kickoff Returns: Taylor – 2 KR, 41 YDS; Dubose – 1 KR, 24 YDS; Craig – 1 KR, 17 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 4 PR, 89 YDS, 1 TD
Punting: Helton – 6 PUNTS, 221 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 2/2 PAT, 2/2 FG
Sacks: Carter – 1.0; Griffin – 1.0; Haley – 1.0; Roberts – 1.0

Week 6 (Sunday, October 9, 1988): vs. Denver Broncos

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 37 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 12/24, 191 YDS, 1 INT; Young – 0/3, 0 YDS, 2 INTs; Sydney – 0/1, 0 YDS
Rushing: Roger Craig – 26 CAR, 143 YDS; Rathman – 11 CAR, 55 YDS; Rice – 2 CAR, 27 YDS; Montana – 6 CAR, 13 YDS, 1 TD; Young – 3 CAR, 8 YDS
Receiving: Rathman – 5 REC, 27 YDS; Rice – 3 REC, 78 YDS; Craig – 2 REC, 18 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 55 YDS; Wilson – 1 REC, 13 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 55 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 45 YDS; Griffin – 1 PR, 0 YDS
Punting: Helton – 4 OUNTS, 173 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 1/1 PAT, 2/3 FG
Sacks: Haley – 2.0; Fuller – 1.0; Stubbs – 1.0; Walter – 1.0
Interceptions: Turner – 1 INT, 2 TDS; McKyer – 1 INT, 0 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 47

Joe Montana ran in a six-yard touchdown and threw for 191 yards and an interception; he was sacked three times and replaced by Young as John Elway tied the game 13–13 on a touchdown to Vance Johnson. Wind gusts up to 40 mph suddenly hit Candlestick Park and made passing more difficult; in overtime a Steve Young pass was intercepted (Young's second pick of the game), setting up Rich Karlis' winning field goal (16–13 final for the Broncos).

Week 7 (Sunday, October 16, 1988): at Los Angeles Rams

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 21/31, 203 YDS, 1 INT; Young – 0/2, 0 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 22 CAR, 190 YDS, 3 TDs; Rathman – 9 CAR, 19 YDS; DuBose – 5 CAR, 16 YDS; Sydney – 1 CAR, 13 YDS; Montana – 2 CAR, 7 YDS; Young – 1 CAR, 0 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 5 REC, 12 YDS; Rice – 4 REC, 65 YDS; Rathman – 4 REC, 44 YDS; DuBose – 2 REC, 22 YDS; Jones – 2 REC, 4 YDS; Greer – 1 REC, 31 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 14 YDS; Wilson – 1 REC, 11 YDS; Heller – 1 REC, 0 YDS
Kickoff Returns: Taylor – 2 KR, 31 YDS; DuBose – 1 KR, 0 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 6 PR, 26 YDS
Punting: Helton – 7 PUNTS, 240 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 3/3 PAT, 1/2 FG
Sacks: Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Lott – 2 INTs, 4 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 47

Roger Craig had one of his greatest games in a 190-yard stampede where he scored three touchdowns, highlighted by a dramatic 46-yard score in the first quarter. Despite three Jim Everett touchdowns the Rams fell to San Francisco 24–21, the tenth 49ers win in the rivalry's previous 14 games.

Week 8: (Monday, October 24, 1988): at Chicago Bears

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 2 hours, 59 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 13/29, 168 YDS, 1 TD, 1 INT; Young – 1/1, 1 YD
Rushing: Craig – 10 CAR, 31 YDS; Rathman – 6 CAR, 21 YDS; Montana – 1 CAR, 15 YDS; Rice – 2 CAR, 8 YDS; Young – 2 CAR, 3 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 6 REC, 39 YDS; Rice – 4 REC, 86 YDS, 1 TD; Heller – 3 REC, 31 YDS; Rathman – 1 REC, 13 YDS
Kickoff Returns: Taylor – 3 KR, 36 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 4 PR, 57 YDS
Punting: Helton – 8 PUNTS, 293 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 1/1 PAT, 0/1 FG
Sacks: Haley – 3.0
Interceptions: McKyer – 1 INT, 0 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 51

The Niners struggled to a 10–9 loss to the Bears on Monday Night Football. The Niners incurred ten penalties for 57 yards and Joe Montana was sacked four times.

Week 9 (Sunday, October 30, 1988): vs. Minnesota Vikings

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 8 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Young – 14/25, 232 YDS, 1 TD
Rushing: Young – 7 CAR, 72 YDS, 1 TD; Roger Craig – 19 CAR, 56 YDS; Rathman – 2 CAR, 2 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 3 REC, 37 YDS; Wilson – 3 REC, 31 YDS; Jones – 3 REC, 26 YDS; Taylor – 2 REC, 88 YDS, 1 TD; Rice – 1 REC, 22 YDS; Greeg – 1 REC, 18 YDS; Rathman – 1 REC, 10 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 2 KR, 54 YDS; Taylor – 2 KR, 46 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 4 PR, 44 YDS
Punts: Helton – 7 PUNTS, 305 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 3/3 PAT, 1/2 FG
Sacks: Fagan – 1.0; Haley – 0.5; Roberts – 0.5
Interceptions: McKyer – 2 INTs; 4 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 45

The Vikings' playoff win at San Francisco the previous season hung over Candlestick Park as Coach Walsh started Steve Young in Joe Montana's stead. Young struggled and was booed repeatedly by the crowd ("They were running him out of town", lineman Harris Barton said). Just before the two-minute warning in the fourth quarter the Vikings led 21–17 with the Niners at Minnesota's 49-yard line; Young escaped a sack and ran in the game-winning touchdown, earning applause from the same audience that had been booing him; the NFL Films clip with Lon Simmons' call of the score is among the most replayed in retrospectives on Young's career.

Week 10: (Sunday, November 6, 1988): at Phoenix Cardinals

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 29 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Young – 14/27, 145 YDS, 1 TD
Rushing: Craig – 25 CAR, 162 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 5 CAR, 33 YDS; Young – 3 CAR, 26 YDS; Sydney – 1 CAR, 8 YDS; Flagler – 2 CAR, 6 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 5 YDS
Receiving: Rathman – 4 REC, 45 YDS; Rice – 3 REC, 37 YDS; Heller – 2 REC, 24 YDS; Wilson – 2 REC, 24 YDS; Greer – 1 REC, 12 YDS; Jones – 1 REC, 3 YDS, 1 TD; Craig – 1 REC, 0 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 48 YDS; Craig – 1 KR, 15 YDS; Thomas – 1 KR, 5 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 26 YDS
Punts: Helton – 7 PIUNTS, 326 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 2/2 PAT, 3/3 FG
Sacks: Roberts – 2.5; Holt – 2.0; Carter – 1.5; Stubbs – 1.0

With Young still starting, the 49ers raced to a 23–0 lead in the third quarter, and Coach Bill Walsh felt it was the sharpest the offense had looked all season. The Cardinals, however, began clawing back as Neil Lomax rifled a pair of touchdowns; making matters worse for San Francisco was a whopping 14 penalties for 106 yards. On a kick return Walsh was blindsided by a runner and suffered two cracked ribs; he then had to watch as the Cardinals raced down field in the final minute and scored on a nine-yard Lomax score to Roy Green. It turned out to be the last road loss for the 49ers until Week One of the 1991 season.

Week 11 (Sunday, November 13, 1988): vs. Los Angeles Raiders

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 2 hours, 59 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 16/31, 160 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 17 CAR, 58 YDS; Rathman – 3 CAR, 15 YDS; Montana – 4 CAR, 12 YDS; Rice – 2 CAR, –2 YDS
Receiving: Rice – 5 REC, 61 YDS; Craig – 5 REC, 29 YDS; Wilson – 4 REC, 44 TDS; Heller – 1 REC, 15 YDS; Rathman – 1 REC, 11 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 44 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 28 YDS
Punting: Helton – 8 PUNTS, 306 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 1/1 FG
Sacks: Ellison – 1.0; Holt – 1.0

The low point for the 49ers season came against the Raiders as Joe Montana started despite continuing concern by Walsh over his health; Montana had lost eight pounds and was coming off a stomach illness. Montana was held to 160 passing yards as the Raiders clawed out a 9–3 win. The 49ers’ final drive stalled when officials did not call a pass interference penalty on the Raiders over a play to Jerry Rice inside the 10-yard line.

As a result, it was the second game of the season they didn't score a touchdown. Following the loss, amid chatter from players interpreted as them giving up on the season, Ronnie Lott called a players-only meeting; Harris Barton called it "a ‘screw the coaches’ meeting" and said that it worked to refocus the players on playing better ("They usually don't work, but this one did.")

Week 12 (Monday, November 21, 1988): vs. Washington Redskins

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 6 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 15/23, 218 YDS, 2 TDs, 1 INT; Young – 0/2, 0 YDS, 1 INT
Rushing: Craig – 24 CAR, 75 YDS; Montana – 2 CAR, 20 YDS, 1 TD; Young – 1 CAR, 12 YDS; Rathman – 2 CAR, 5 YDS, 1 TD; DuBose – 1 CAR, 0 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 5 REC, 37 YDS; Rice – 3 REC, 105 YDS, 1 TD; Wilson – 2 REC, 18 YDS; Rathman – 2 REC, 12 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 22 YDS; Jones – 1 REC, 18 YDS, TD; DuBose – 1 REC, 6 YDS
Kickoff Returns: Taylor – 2 KR, 44 YDS; DuBose – 1 KR, 13 YDS; Wilson – 1 KR, 2 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 4 PR, 113 YDS
Punting: Helton – 5 PUNTS, 183 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 4/5 PAT, 1/1 FG
Interceptions: Fuller – 1 INT, 5 YDS; Lott – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The refocused Niners erupted on the defending champion Redskins, racing to a 23–7 halftime lead and winning 37–21. Joe Montana threw two touchdowns (including an 80-yarder to Jerry Rice) and ran in a third. Super Bowl MVP Doug Williams of the Redskins threw three touchdowns while Timmy Smith was held to just six rushing yards.

Week 13 (Sunday, November 27, 1988): at San Diego Chargers

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 7 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 14/22, 271 YDS, 3 TDs; Young – 2/3, 14 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 17 CAR, 87 YDS, 2 TDs; DuBose – 7 CAR, 60 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 5 CAR, 20 YDS; Montana – 2 CAR, 14 YDS; Sydney – 3 CAR, 13 YDS; Young – 2 CAR, 9 YDS
Receiving: Rice – 6 REC, 171 YDS, 2 TDs; Rathman – 3 REC, 35 YDS; Greer – 2 REC, 19 YDS; Craig – 2 REC, 8 YDS, 1 TD; Frank – 1 REC, 38 YDS; Sydney – 1 REC, 9 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 5 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 2 KR, 36 YDS; Taylor – 1 KR, 17 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 22 YDS
Punting: Helton – 3 PUNTS, 127 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 6/6 PAT, 2/2 FG
Sacks: Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Lott – 1 INT, 44 YDS; McKyer – 1 INT, 7 YDS

The Niners' scoring explosion continued at Jack Murphy Stadium as Joe Montana threw three touchdowns (the first a 96-yarder to Jerry Rice) and Roger Craig had two rushing scores and a touchdown catch, while Doug DuBose added a rushing score. Four Niners backs plus both quarterbacks (Montana and Steve Young) rushed for 203 yards, crushing the Chargers 48–10.

Week 14 (Sunday, December 4, 1988): at Atlanta Falcons

Point spread: 49ers –7
 Over/Under: 41.0 (under)
 Time of Game: 2 hours, 52 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 20/34, 230 YDS, 1 TD; Rice – 1/1, 14 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 23 CAR, 103 YDS; Rathman – 7 CAR, 20 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 9 YDS; Montana – 5 CAR, 8 YDS; Sydney – 1 CAR, 0 YDS
Receiving: Craig – 7 REC, 73 YDS; Rice – 5 REC, 63 YDS, 1 TD; Wilson – 3 REC, 49 YDS; Frank – 3 REC, 33 YDS; Greer – 1 REC, 16 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 10 YDS; Flagler – 1 REC, 0 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 1 KR, 30 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 5 PR, 40 YDS
Punts: Helton – 3 PUNTS, 134 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 1/1 PAT, 2/4 FG
Sacks: Haley – 1.0; Holt – 1.0; Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Fuller – 1 INT, 3 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 23, 40

The Niners traveled to Fulton County Stadium and limited the Atlanta Falcons to 177 yards of offense in a 13–3 win.

Week 15 (Sunday, December 11, 1988): vs. New Orleans Saints

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 1 minute

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 18/29, 233 YDS, 1 TD, 1 INT
Rushing: Craig – 22 CAR, 115 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 7 CAR, 19 YDS; Montana – 6 CAR, 18 YDS, 1 TD
Receiving: Rice – 6 REC, 78 YDS; Frank – 5 REC, 45 YDS; Taylor – 2 REC, 77 YDS, 1 TD; Rathman – 2 REC, 20 YDS; Craig – 2 REC, 7 YDS; Jones – 1 REC, 6 YDS
Kickoff Returns: DuBose – 3 KR, 66 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 2 PR, 13 YDS
Punting: Helton – 3 PUNTS, 110 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 3/3 PAT, 3/3 FG
Sacks: Carter – 1.0; Holt – 1.0
Interceptions: Wright – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The Niners hosted the Saints with both teams at 9–5 but going in opposite directions following two straight Saints losses. Led by Roger Craig's 115 yards, the Niners rushed for 152 yards and two scores while Joe Montana threw for 233 yards and a score in San Francisco's 30–17 win. At halftime, the 49ers retired number 87, which was worn by Dwight Clark from 1979 to 1987.

Week 16: (Sunday, December 18, 1988) vs. Los Angeles Rams

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game:

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 15/26, 171 YDS; Young – 7/11, 120 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 16 CAR, 51 YDS; Rathman – 2 CAR, 11 YDS, 1 TD; Young – 1 CAR, 9 YDS; Helton – 1 CAR, 0 YDS; Flagler – 1 CAR, –1 YD
Receiving: Taylor – 5 REC, 54 YDS; Flagler – 3 REC, 72 YDS; Craig – 3 REC, 32 YDS; Rathman – 3 REC, 29 YDS; Wilson – 2 REC, 34 YDS; Rice – 2 REC, 29 YDS; Greer – 2 REC, 24 YDS; Heller – 1 REC, 10 YDS; Frank – 1 REC, 7 YDS
Kickoff Returns: Rodgers – 6 KR, 98 YDS; Sydney – 1 KR, 8 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 53 YDS
Punting: Helton – 6 PUNTS, 212 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 1/1 PAT, 3/3 FG
Interceptions: McKyer – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The Niners clinched the NFC West despite a three-way tie with the Rams and New Orleans (all finishing 10–6) and despite a 38–16 slaughter by the Rams that put them into the playoffs. Jim Everett threw four touchdowns while Montana and Young combined for 291 yards but no scores. San Francisco won the division on tiebreakers and the Rams were the wild card, while the 10–6 Saints were eliminated from playoff contention on the conference record tiebreaker.

Game officials

Preseason

Regular season

Standings

Regular Season Stats

Passing

Rushing

Receiving

Kicking

Punting

Kick Return

Punt Return

Sacks

Interceptions

Fumbles

Tackles

Scoring Summary

Team

Quarter-by-quarter

Playoffs

1988 NFC Divisional Playoffs (Sunday, January 1, 1989): vs. (4) Minnesota Vikings

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 9 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 16/27, 178 YDS, 3 TDs, 1 INT; Young – 1/1, –1 YDS
Rushing: Craig – 21 CAR, 135 YDS, 2 TDs; Rathman – 3 CAR, 29 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 21 YDS; Montana – 3 CAR, 18 YDS; Sydney – 1 CAR, 1 YD; Young – 3 CAR, 1 YD; Flagler – 2 CAR, –4 YDS
Receiver: Rice – 5 REC, 61 YDS, 3 TDs; Taylor – 3 REC, 42 YDS; Craig – 3 REC, 26 YDS; Rathman – 2 REC, 20 YDS; Jones – 2 REC, 17 YDS; Wilson – 1 REC, 12 YDS; Harry Sydney – 1 REC, –1 YD
Kickoff Returns: Rodgers – 3 KR, 39 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 2 PR, 27 YDS
Punts: Helton – 5 PUNTS, 181 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 4/5 PAT, 0/1 FG
Sacks: Roberts – 2.5; Haley – 1.5; Holt – 1.0; Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Lott – 2 INTs, 10 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 60

For the third time in some 365 days the 49ers hosted the Vikings, and for the second time in that span it was in the playoffs. Minnesota entered having shot down the Rams 28–17 and boasting an offense fourth in scoring with a defense second in fewest points allowed with a plus-23 turnover differential – and none of it made any difference as Joe Montana threw three touchdowns in the first half and Jerry Rice caught all three. Wade Wilson was picked off twice as the Niners won 34–9, their first playoff win since Super Bowl XIX.

1988 NFC Championship Game (Sunday, January 8, 1989): at (1) Chicago Bears

Point spread:
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 2 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 17/27, 288 YDS, 3 TDs
Rushing: Craig – 18 CAR, 68 YDS; Rathman – 10 CAR, 36 YDS, 1 TD; Montana – 3 CAR, 12 YDS; Sydney – 2 CAR, 12 YDS; Flagler – 3 CAR, 7 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 3 YDS
Receiving: Rice – 5 REC, 133 YDS, 2 TDs; Rathman – 5 REC, 51 YDS; Taylor – 3 REC, 51 YDS; Craig – 2 REC, 33 YDS; Frank – 2 REC, 20 YDS, 1 TD
Kickoff Returns: Taylor – 1 KR, 22 YDS Sydney – 1 KR, 14 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 4 PR, 24 YDS
Punting: Helton – 6 PUNTS, 207 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 4/4 PAT
Interceptions: Fuller – 1 INT, 0 YDS

The Niners traveled to frigid Soldier Field a week after the Bears succeeded in the Fog Bowl against the Eagles and less than three months after San Francisco's ugly Monday Night loss in that same venue. The Niners put the game away in the third quarter following Joe Montana's third touchdown of the game as the Niners limited the Bears' sluggish offense (18th in scoring) to just one Kevin Butler field goal. The win was doubly personal for Walsh between returning to the Super Bowl and also quieting hecklers in the Soldier Field crowd, including one in particular who'd persisted in what Walsh delicately described as "remarks about my body parts and my preferences in life", but who was reduced to futile stuttering as the game got out of hand.

Super Bowl XXIII (Sunday, January 22, 1989): vs. (A1) Cincinnati Bengals

Point spread: 49ers –7
 Over/Under:
 Time of Game: 3 hours, 24 minutes

Individual stats
Passing: Montana – 23/36, 357 YDS, 2 TDs
Rushing: Craig – 17 CAR, 71 YDS, Rathman – 5 CAR, 23 YDS; Montana – 4 CAR, 13 YDS; Rice – 1 CAR, 5 YDS
Receiving: Rice – 11 REC, 215 YDS, 1 TD; Craig – 8 REC, 101 YDS; Frank – 2 REC, 15 YDS; Rathman – 1 REC, 16 YDS; Taylor – 1 REC, 10 YDS, 1 TD
Kickoff Returns: Rodgers – 3 KR, 53 YDS; Taylor – 1 KR, 13 YDS; Sydney – 1 KR, 11 YDS
Punt Returns: Taylor – 3 PR, 56 YDS
Punting: Helton – 4 PUNTS, 148 YDS
Kicking: Cofer – 2/2 PAT, 2/4 FG
Sacks: Haley – 2.0; Carter – 1.0; Fagan – 1.0; Stubbs – 1.0
Interceptions: Romanowsi – 1 INT, 0 YDS
49ers Missed Field Goals: Cofer 19, 49

The game is remembered for the 49ers' fourth-quarter game-winning drive. Down 16–13, San Francisco got the ball on their own eight-yard line with 3:10 on the clock and marched 92 yards down the field in under three minutes. They then scored the winning touchdown on a Joe Montana pass to John Taylor with just 34 seconds left in the game.

49ers wide receiver Jerry Rice was named the Super Bowl MVP. He caught 11 passes for a Super Bowl record 215 yards and one touchdown, while also rushing once for 5 yards.

This was also the final NFL game coached by the 49ers' Bill Walsh. This was also the final Super Bowl that Pete Rozelle presided over as NFL Commissioner.

Game officials

Playoff Stats

Passing

Rushing

Receiving

Kicking

Punting

Kick Return

Punt Return

Sacks

Interceptions

Fumbles

Tackles

Scoring Summary

Team

Quarter-by-quarter

Awards and records
 Mike Cofer, Led NFC, 27 Field Goals
 Mike Cofer, Led NFC, 121 Points
 Roger Craig, Offense, UPI NFC Player of the Year
 Roger Craig, Led NFC with 2068 total yards
 Jerry Rice, Most Valuable Player, Super Bowl XXIII

1989 AFC-NFC Pro Bowl

Media

Pre season Local TV

Local Radio

References

External links
 1988 49ers on Pro Football Reference
 49ers Schedule on jt-sw.com

San Francisco 49ers seasons
San Francisco
NFC West championship seasons
National Football Conference championship seasons
Super Bowl champion seasons
San Francisco 49ers
San


Francis Piasecki (28 July 1951 – 6 March 2018) was a French professional football midfielder.

References

External links

Profile at FFF.fr
Profile at racingstub.com
FC Metz website

1951 births
2018 deaths
French people of Polish descent
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Metz players
Valenciennes FC players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
Ligue 1 players
French football managers
RC Strasbourg Alsace managers
Footballers from Moselle (department)


Quiet time, also stated as heart-to-heart time, or one-on-one time with the creator, is a regular individual session of Christian spiritual activities, such as prayer, private meditation, contemplation, worship of God or study of the Bible. The term "quiet time" or "sacred time" is used by 20th-century Protestants, mostly evangelical Christians. It is also called "personal Bible study" or "personal devotions". Rick Warren points out that it has also been called "morning watch" and "appointment with God".

Practices vary according to denominational tradition: Anglican devotions, for example, will occasionally include the use of prayer beads, while Catholics use the term mental prayer and the practice was discussed in the works of John Cassian in the 5th century. Billy Graham suggested that quiet time consists of three main elements: prayer, Bible reading, and meditation. He also mentioned that many Christians accompany these three elements with journaling.

Background
Proponents of the concept point out that Jesus often spent time alone in prayer: Luke 5:16 says that "Jesus often withdrew to lonely places and prayed" (NIV). Leslie Hardin suggests that this was Jesus' Quiet Time: spending time in prayer and fellowship with God.

The first mention of the term "quiet time" was in the late nineteenth century. By the 1940s, the quiet time had supplanted the Keswick concept of the morning watch as the most widely promoted pattern for private prayer among evangelical Protestants in England and North America. The concept of the morning watch had viewed prayer primarily as petitionary prayer or prayer requests. The quiet time, in contrast, brought Bible study and meditation into the practice and placed the emphasis on listening to God. There was still time for requests, but they now were accompanied by Bible reading, prayers of praise, confession of sin, prayers of thanksgiving and listening to God. The quiet time was therefore quieter, hence the name.

First developed in Christian and Missionary Alliance circles, the quiet time (also called the quiet hour) was promoted by modernist Protestants like Harry Fosdick, as well as by the Oxford Group and Samuel Shoemaker, an instrumental figure in the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous. But the real rise of the quiet time began with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship's 1945 publication of the booklet Quiet Time. Popularized by InterVarsity among evangelical university students, other neo-evangelical campus ministries also adopted the practice, including The Navigators and Campus Crusade for Christ. Adopted by Billy Graham in the 1950s, the quiet time became the most popularized evangelical Protestant devotional practice from the middle of the twentieth century to the present.

Use
Jerry and Becky Evans argue that the quiet time is a time of encouragement, strengthening, and insight to the Christian, and "spiritual food" for a person's soul. They suggest that it is a "time of complete focus on God" that "continues throughout a person’s entire life."

Keith Newman suggests that as well as including conscious study and expressive prayer, a quiet time is a time of open-minded listening and waiting for guidance.

Rick Warren argues that there is a difference between reading the Bible during quiet time and Bible study.

Materials
Many devotional books, or "devotionals", are available in shops today. These books contain directed Bible studies, often incorporating stories or anecdotes that convey Biblical principles, similar to the parables used by Jesus in his ministry. A notable example is My Utmost for His Highest, written by Oswald Chambers. Many Christian stores dedicate an entire section to these types of books, but in some countries they are available at secular stores as well, often shelved in the "inspirational" section.

Some Christian communities (e.g. Christadelphians) have Bible reading schedules, like the one suggested in the Bible Companion, for example, as one tool to help them with their study of the Bible.  Such schedules take people systematically through the entire Bible, reading approximately four chapters per day (in the case of the Bible Companion), which allows the reader to keep context in their studies through the different books of the Bible, and ensures different areas are not neglected.

Robert Murray M'Cheyne also designed a system for reading through the Bible in one year. The plan entails reading the New Testament and the Psalms through twice a year, and the Old Testament through once. This program was included (in a slightly modified form) in For the Love of God by D. A. Carson () and is recommended by several Bible publishers, such as the English Standard Version and the New English Translation. More recently, two similar one-year Bible-reading devotionals by Eliot Young, The Word at Work () and The Spirit at Work (), suggest three psalms per day, thus providing for a minimum of seven psalm-cycles per year.

The use of study Bibles is also popular.

Criticism
Evangelical theologian Greg Johnson criticizes the way the concept is sometimes treated by evangelicals as a law instead of a means of grace. While advocating a life of prayer and biblical contemplation, his concern is that personal devotions not become a performance treadmill in which Christians feel their daily acceptance with God is based on what they do instead of what Christ did. He emphasizes that the practice of the quiet time is not commanded in the Bible, and was not even possible for many centuries, until the printing press and certain economic conditions enabled most Christians to own their own copies of the Bible.

The prophet Daniel regularly met with God three times a day to talk to God and listen to Him (Daniel 6:10). In addition, King David often mentions his times alone with God (morning and evening) throughout the Psalms. The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) record that Jesus Himself withdrew to meet in a quiet, isolated place with His Father on a regular basis (Mark 1:35; Matthew 14:13; John 6:15). The Apostle Paul alludes to several occasions where he spent time speaking to God.

See also
 Catholic devotions
 Hesychia
 Lectio Divina
 Mystic prayer
 Spiritual discipline
 Worship

References

Christian prayer
Evangelical theology
Christian terminology


This article attempts to place key plant innovations in a geological context.  It concerns itself only with novel adaptations and events that had a major ecological significance, not those that are of solely anthropological interest.  The timeline displays a graphical representation of the adaptations; the text attempts to explain the nature and robustness of the evidence.

Plant evolution is an aspect of the study of biological evolution, predominantly involving evolution of plants suited to live on land, greening of various land masses by the filling of their niches with land plants, and diversification of groups of land plants.

Earliest plants
In the strictest sense, the name plant refers to those land plants that form the clade Embryophyta, comprising the bryophytes and vascular plants.  However, the clade Viridiplantae or green plants includes some other groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including green algae. It is widely believed that land plants evolved from a group of charophytes, most likely simple single-celled terrestrial algae similar to extant Klebsormidiophyceae.

Chloroplasts in plants evolved from an endosymbiotic relationship between a cyanobacterium, a photosynthesising prokaryote and a non-photosynthetic eukaryotic organism, producing a lineage of photosynthesizing eukaryotic organisms in marine and freshwater environments.  These earliest photosynthesizing single-celled autotrophs evolved into multicellular organisms such as the  Charophyta, a group of freshwater green algae.

Fossil evidence of plants begins around 3000 Ma with indirect evidence of oxygen-producing photosynthesis in the geological record, in the form of chemical and isotopic signatures in rocks and fossil evidence of colonies of cyanobacteria, photosynthesizing prokaryotic organisms.  Cyanobacteria use water as a reducing agent, producing atmospheric oxygen as a byproduct, and they thereby profoundly changed the early reducing atmosphere of the earth to one in which modern aerobic organisms eventually evolved.  This oxygen liberated by cyanobacteria then oxidized dissolved iron in the oceans, the iron precipitated out of the sea water, and fell to the ocean floor to form sedimentary layers of oxidized iron called Banded Iron Formations (BIFs).   These BIFs are part of the geological record of evidence for the evolutionary history of plants by identifying when photosynthesis originated.  This also provides deep time constraints upon when enough oxygen could have been available in the atmosphere to produce the ultraviolet blocking stratospheric ozone layer.  The oxygen concentration in the ancient atmosphere subsequently rose, acting as a poison for anaerobic organisms, and resulting in a highly oxidizing atmosphere, and opening up niches on land for occupation by aerobic organisms.

Fossil evidence for cyanobacteria also comes from the presence of stromatolites in the fossil record deep into the Precambrian.  Stromatolites are layered structures formed by the trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary grains by microbial biofilms, such as those produced by cyanobacteria.  The direct evidence for cyanobacteria is less certain than the evidence for their presence as primary producers of atmospheric oxygen.  Modern stromatolites containing cyanobacteria can be found on the west coast of Australia and other areas in saline lagoons and in freshwater.

Paleozoic flora

Cambrian flora
Early plants were small, unicellular or filamentous, with simple branching.  The identification of plant fossils in Cambrian strata is an uncertain area in the evolutionary history of plants because of the small and soft-bodied nature of these plants.  It is also difficult in a fossil of this age to distinguish among various similar appearing groups with simple branching patterns, and not all of these groups are plants.  One exception to the uncertainty of fossils from this age is the group of calcareous green algae, Dasycladales found in the fossil record since the middle Cambrian.  These algae do not belong to the lineage that is ancestral to the land plants.  Other major groups of green algae had been established by this time, but there were no land plants with vascular tissues until the mid-Silurian.

Ordovician flora
The evidence of plant evolution changes dramatically in the Ordovician with the first extensive appearance of embryophyte spores in the fossil record. The earliest terrestrial plants lived during the Middle Ordovician around , based on their fossils found in the form of monads and spores, with resistant polymers in their outer walls, from Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Argentina. Individual trilete spores resembling those of modern cryptogamic plants and vascular plants first appeared in the fossil record from the Late Ordovician. These plants probably resembled liverworts, and did not have any conducting tissues. They were able to reproduce with spores, important dispersal units that have hard protective outer coatings which not only allowed their preservation in the fossil record, but also protected them from the UV light, desiccating environment and possible microorganism attack.

Silurian flora

The first fossil records of vascular plants, that is, land plants with vascular tissues, appeared in the Silurian period. The earliest known representatives of this group (mostly from the northern hemisphere) are placed in the genus Cooksonia. They had very simple branching patterns, with the branches terminated by flattened sporangia.  By the end of the Silurian much more complex vascular plants, the zosterophylls, had diversified and primitive lycopods, such as Baragwanathia (originally discovered in Silurian deposits in Victoria, Australia), had become widespread.

Devonian flora
By the Devonian Period, the colonization of the land by plants was well underway. The bacterial and algal mats were joined early in the period by primitive plants that created the first recognizable soils and harbored some arthropods like mites, scorpions and myriapods. Early Devonian plants did not have roots or leaves like the plants most common today, and many had no vascular tissue at all. They probably relied on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi to provide them with water and mineral nutrients such as phosphorus. They probably spread by a combination of vegetative reproduction forming clonal colonies, and sexual reproduction via spores and did not grow much more than a few centimeters tall.

By the Late Devonian, forests of large, primitive plants existed: lycophytes, sphenophytes, ferns, and progymnosperms had evolved. Most of these plants have true roots and leaves, and many were quite tall. The tree-like Archaeopteris, ancestral to the gymnosperms, and the giant cladoxylopsid trees had true wood. These are the oldest known trees of the world's first forests. Prototaxites was the fruiting body of an enormous fungus that stood more than 8 meters tall. By the end of the Devonian, the first seed-forming plants had appeared. This rapid appearance of so many plant groups and growth forms has been called the "Devonian Explosion". The primitive arthropods co-evolved with this diversified terrestrial vegetation structure. The evolving co-dependence of insects and seed-plants that characterizes a recognizably modern world had its genesis in the late Devonian. The development of soils and plant root systems probably led to changes in the speed and pattern of erosion and sediment deposition.

The 'greening' of the continents acted as a carbon dioxide sink, and atmospheric concentrations of this greenhouse gas may have dropped. This may have cooled the climate and led to a massive extinction event. see Late Devonian extinction.

Also in the Devonian, both vertebrates and arthropods were solidly established on the land.

Carboniferous flora

Early Carboniferous land plants were very similar to those of the preceding Latest Devonian, but new groups also appeared at this time.

The main Early Carboniferous plants were the Equisetales (Horse-tails), Sphenophyllales (scrambling plants), Lycopodiales (Club mosses), Lepidodendrales (arborescent clubmosses or scale trees), Filicales (Ferns), Medullosales (previously included in the "seed ferns", an artificial assemblage of a  number of early gymnosperm groups) and the Cordaitales. These continued to dominate throughout the period, but during late Carboniferous, several other groups, Cycadophyta (cycads), the Callistophytales (another group of "seed ferns"), and the Voltziales (related to and sometimes included under the conifers), appeared.

The Carboniferous lycophytes of the order Lepidodendrales, which were cousins (but not ancestors) of the tiny club-mosses of today, were huge trees with trunks 30 meters high and up to 1.5 meters in diameter.  These included Lepidodendron (with its fruit cone called Lepidostrobus), Halonia, Lepidophloios and Sigillaria.   The roots of several of these forms are known as Stigmaria.

The fronds of some Carboniferous ferns are almost identical with those of living species. Probably many species were epiphytic. Fossil ferns include Pecopteris and the tree ferns Megaphyton and Caulopteris. Seed ferns or Pteridospermatophyta include Cyclopteris, Neuropteris, Alethopteris, and Sphenopteris.

The Equisetales included the common giant form Calamites, with a trunk diameter of 30 to 60 cm and a height of up to 20 meters. Sphenophyllum was a slender climbing plant with whorls of leaves, which was probably related both to the calamites and the modern horsetails.

Cordaites, a tall plant (6 to over 30 meters) with strap-like leaves, was related to the cycads and conifers; the catkin-like inflorescence, which bore yew-like berries, is called Cardiocarpus. These plants were thought to live in swamps and mangroves.  True coniferous trees (Walchia, of the order Voltziales) appear later in the Carboniferous, and preferred higher drier ground.

Permian flora
The Permian began with the Carboniferous flora still flourishing. About the middle of the Permian there was a major transition in vegetation. The swamp-loving lycopod trees of the Carboniferous, such as Lepidodendron and Sigillaria, were replaced by the more advanced conifers, which were better adapted to the changing climatic conditions. Lycopods and swamp forests still dominated the South China continent because it was an isolated continent and it sat near or at the equator. The Permian saw the radiation of many important conifer groups, including the ancestors of many present-day families. The ginkgos and cycads also appeared during this period. Rich forests were present in many areas, with a diverse mix of plant groups. The gigantopterids thrived during this time; some of these may have been part of the ancestral flowering plant lineage, though flowers evolved only considerably later.

Mesozoic flora

Triassic flora
On land, the holdover plants included the lycophytes, the dominant cycads, Ginkgophyta (represented in modern times by Ginkgo biloba) and glossopterids. The spermatophytes, or seed plants came to dominate the terrestrial flora: in the northern hemisphere, conifers flourished. Dicroidium (a seed fern) was the dominant southern hemisphere tree during the Early Triassic period.

Jurassic flora
The arid, continental conditions characteristic of the Triassic steadily eased during the Jurassic period, especially at higher latitudes; the warm, humid climate allowed lush jungles to cover much of the landscape. Conifers dominated the flora, as during the Triassic; they were the most diverse group and constituted the majority of large trees. Extant conifer families that flourished during the Jurassic included the Araucariaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Taxaceae and Taxodiaceae. The extinct Mesozoic conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae dominated low latitude vegetation, as did the shrubby Bennettitales. Cycads were also common, as were ginkgos and tree ferns in the forest. Smaller ferns were probably the dominant undergrowth. Caytoniaceous seed ferns were another group of important plants during this time and are thought to have been shrub to small-tree sized. Ginkgo-like plants were particularly common in the mid- to high northern latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, podocarps were especially successful, while Ginkgos  and Czekanowskiales were rare.

Cretaceous flora

Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, spread during this period, although they did not become predominant until near the end of the period (Campanian age). Their evolution was aided by the appearance of bees; in fact angiosperms and insects are a good example of coevolution. The first representatives of many modern trees, including figs, planes and magnolias, appeared in the Cretaceous. At the same time, some earlier Mesozoic gymnosperms, like Conifers continued to thrive, although other taxa like Bennettitales died out before the end of the period.

Cenozoic flora
The Cenozoic began at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event with a massive disruption of plant communities. It then became just as much the age of savannas, or the age of co-dependent flowering plants and insects. At 35 Ma, grasses evolved from among the angiosperms.
About ten thousand years ago, humans in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East develop agriculture. Plant domestication begins with cultivation of Neolithic founder crops. This process of food production, coupled later with the domestication of animals caused a massive increase in human population that has continued to the present. In Jericho (modern Israel), there is a settlement with about 19,000 people. At the same time, Sahara is green with rivers, lakes, cattle, crocodiles and monsoons.
At 8 ka, Common (Bread) wheat (Triticum aestivum) originates in southwest Asia due to hybridisation of emmer wheat with a goat-grass, Aegilops tauschii.
At 6.5 ka, two rice species are domesticated: Asian rice, Oryza sativa, and African rice Oryza glaberrima.

Species differentiation
Development of rooted plants
Flowering plants vs. Conifers
Ferns and other primitive plants
Borderline species such as coliform protists

See also
Plant
Flora
Paleobotany
Plant evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary history of plants
Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

References

External links
 Interactive Plant Evolution Timeline - from the University of Cambridge Ensemble Project

Plant evolution
Botany
Time


Cyclopentadienylindium(I), C5H5In, is an organoindium compound  containing indium in the +1 oxidation state. Commonly abbreviated to CpIn, it is a cyclopentadienyl complex with a half-sandwich structure.
It was the first (1957) low valent organoindium compound reported.

Preparation and chemistry
CpIn can be readily prepared by reacting indium(I) chloride with cyclopentadienyllithium:

InCl + CpLi → CpIn + LiCl

InCp reacts with BF3, BCl3, BBr3, BI3 and trimethylborane B(CH3)3 to form adducts, e.g.:

CpIn + BF3 → CpIn·BF3

In these adducts the bonding of the Cp ligand to the indium atom changes from η5 (π complexing) to η1 (σ bonding).

Salts containing the InX2− anion containing indium in the +1 oxidation state have been prepared from cyclopentadieneindium; for example:
CpIn + HCl + N(Et4)Cl → N(Et4)InCl2+ C5H6

Structure and bonding
Solid CpIn is polymeric consisting of zigzag chains of alternating indium atoms and C5H5 units. Two indium atoms interact with the opposite faces of each C5H5− ring, nearly perpendicularly to the ring plane, and two rings interact with each indium atom, forming an angle of about 128°. In the CpIn monomer present in the vapour phase the indium atom sits on the central axis of the aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion, C5H5−.

Bonding studies have shown that the aromatic ring electrons of the cyclopentadienyl anion interact with the indium 5s and 5p atomic orbitals, and that the lone pair on the indium atom is a dominant feature.

References

Indium(I) compounds
Cyclopentadienyl complexes


Bastir Samir (born May 19, 1989) is a Ghanaian boxer who won silver in the welterweight division at the 2007 All-Africa Games. He qualified for the Olympics 2008 in the light-heavyweight division.

Career
Samir is the brother of bantamweight Issa Samir and is the team captain of Ghana's national team Black Bombers. He won the African Championships in the welterweight division in May 2007. At the All-African Games he knocked out Hosam Bakr Abdin, but lost the final bout to Rached Merdassi.

He missed the world championships as he could not make the weight and had to jump two weight classes to light-heavyweight to qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics because Ahmed Saraku was the established middleweight. He managed to achieve this in the second qualifier.

Professional record

|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align="center" colspan=8|5 Wins (5 knockouts), 0 Losses, 0 Draw
|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Venue and Location
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-align=center
|||  ||
|-  || -  || November 27, 2010 || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|||  ||align=left| Damion Reed
|-  || -  || November 6, 2010 || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center

References

External links
 Africa Championships
 AllAfrica games
 Qualifier

Living people
Welterweight boxers
Light-heavyweight boxers
1986 births
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Ghana
Ghanaian male boxers
African Games silver medalists for Ghana
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
Place of birth missing (living people)


MS Sevenhill is a ro-ro freight ferry built in 1978. It is a sister ship to . She was probably best known for its time at Seatruck Ferries, named Moondance. The vessel was originally built for Emadala Shipping.

Career

Gilnavi (1978-90)
Launched in 1978 as the Emadala, she was chartered to Gilnavi and used on the Genoa-Malta-Piraeus-Alexandria route. Sevenhill was sold to Gilnavi in 1990.

Cencargo (1990-97)
In 1990, Sevenhill was sold to Cencargo in 1993, during her time with Cencargo she was named Merchant Victor. She was used on the Heysham-Warrenpoint and Ostend-Ramsgate routes until 1993, when she was chartered for use in the Caribbean. In 1994 she returned to British waters, being used on the Hull-Zeebrugge and Felixstowe-Zeebrugge routes. In 1996 she was used on the Belfast-Heysham route, and in 1997 she was used on the Portsmouth-Guernsey - Jersey route, then the Dartford - Zeebrugge route.

Seatruck (1997-2010)
In 1997 she was chartered by Seatruck, and renamed Moondance. She was purchased by Seatruck in 1998 for use on the Heysham-Warrenpoint route. In April 2008 she was awaiting a refit in Birkenhead.

On 29 June 2008 she was involved in a grounding incident at Warrenpoint after an electrical failure put the controllable pitch propellers into full astern, which was a default setting. Moondance suffered damage to her rudders and rudder stocks. An underlying cause of the accident was insufficient manning of the bridge and engine room and lax operating procedures on board Moondance.
Moondance returned to service on 16 October 2008 running between Heysham and Warrenpoint. With the arrival of , Moondance was redeployed to the newly opened Fredericia, Denmark to Moss Norway route. This route began operation on 2 February 2009.

With the suspension of Fredericia-Moss service from 10 February 2009, Moondance briefly laid up in Denmark before returning to Liverpool where she was laid up in East Huskisson dock.

Starline Maritime (2010-)
In 2010 Sevenhill was purchased by Starline Maritime in Cyprus and renamed Kibris Gunesi, before being renamed in August 2012 to Sevenhill. The vessel is currently operated by Sevenhill Maritime out of the port of Samsun, Turkey.

See also
 MS Riverdance - Moondance's sister ship that sank off the coast of Blackpool, England.

References

Ships of Seatruck Ferries
Ferries of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the Bahamas
1978 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)


174001–174100

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

174101–174200

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

174201–174300

|-id=281
| 174281 Lonský ||  || Vladimír Lonský (born 1953), a heart surgeon, works in the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic ||
|}

174301–174400

|-id=361
| 174361 Rickwhite ||  || Richard L. White (born 1953), American astronomer with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|-id=362
| 174362 Bethwillman ||  || Beth Willman (born 1976), American astronomer with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|-id=363
| 174363 Donyork ||  || Don York (born 1944), American astronomer with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|-id=364
| 174364 Zakamska ||  || Nadia Zakamska (born 1979), Russian-American astrophysicist with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|-id=365
| 174365 Zibetti ||  || Stefano Zibetti (born 1976), Italian astronomer and a contributor to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|}

174401–174500

|-id=466
| 174466 Zucker ||  || Daniel Zucker (born 1968), American astronomer with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ||
|}

174501–174600

|-id=515
| 174515 Pamelaivezic ||  || Pamela Ivezic (born 1961), an American singer, musicologist, music educator, a patron of astronomy ||
|-id=567
| 174567 Varda ||  || Varda the star-kindler, is the queen of the stars in Tolkien's legendarium ||
|}

174601–174700

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

174701–174800

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

174801–174900

|-
| 174801 Etscorn ||  || Frank T. Etscorn (born 1945), American professor of psychology at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, inventor of the nicotine patch and amateur astronomer, founder of the university's Frank T. Etscorn Campus Observatory ||
|}

174901–175000

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

References

174001-175000


175001–175100

|-id=017
| 175017 Záboří ||  || The village of Záboří, Czech Republic, was first mentioned in 1263, and is known for its traditional South Bohemian Rustic Baroque architecture style ||
|-id=046
| 175046 Corporon ||  || Serge Corporon (born 1948), French electronics engineer, who works with the discoverer in constructing a very sensitive CCD camera for the Meudon Observatory ||
|}

175101–175200

|-id=109
| 175109 Sharickaer ||  || Sharvel Gretzner (born 1986), American veterinarian assistant, and Rick Kaer, American construction worker, friends of the discoverer Mallory Vale ||
|-id=152
| 175152 Marthafarkas ||  || Martha Farkas (born 1959) is one of Canada's most experienced amateur astronomers. ||
|-id=166
| 175166 Adirondack ||  || The Adirondack Astronomy Retreat was designed to inspire observers to return to their astronomical roots. Since its inception in 2004, this retreat allowed many dark-sky enthusiasts to enjoy, share, and bond under some of the best observing conditions in the northeastern portion of North America. ||
|}

175201–175300

|-id=204
| 175204 Gregbyrne ||  || Greg Byrne (born 1955) is a space physicist. He began his NASA career training astronauts for Space Shuttle flights, served as the chief of Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science at Johnson Space Center; and the NASA chair professor of space systems at the Naval Postgraduate School. ||
|-id=208
| 175208 Vorbourg ||  || The "Vorbourg", is a castle ruin from the 12th century, located near Delémont, Switzerland ||
|-id=238
| 175238 Nguyenhien ||  || Hien Nguyen (born 1968) is a systems engineer at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He served as the Senior Ground Systems Hardware Engineer for the New Horizons Mission to Pluto. ||
|-id=259
| 175259 Offenberger ||  || Allan Offenberger (born 1938), Canadian physicist, professor emeritus at the University of Alberta, and thesis advisor of the discoverer Bernard Christophe ||
|-id=281
| 175281 Kolonics ||  || György Kolonics (1972–2008), a Hungarian canoeist ||
|-id=282
| 175282 Benhida || 2005 LA || Abdelmjid Benhida (born 1963) is an astrophysics researcher in Cadi Ayyad University's department of physics in Marrakech ||
|}

175301–175400

|-id=365
| 175365 Carsac ||  || François Bordes (1919–1981), also known  by the pen name of Francis Carsac, was a French science-fiction author geologist and archaeologist ||
|}

175401–175500

|-id=410
| 175410 Tsayweanshun ||  || Tsay Wean-Shun, pioneer in optical astronomy who worked at the Lulin Observatory in Taiwan ||
|-id=411
| 175411 Yilan ||  || Yilan, a county in northeastern Taiwan. ||
|-id=419
| 175419 Albiesachs ||  || Albie Sachs (born 1935), Judge to the Constitutional Court of South Africa. ||
|-id=437
| 175437 Zsivótzky ||  || Gyula Zsivótzky (1937–2007) was a Hungarian hammer thrower. Olympic champion in 1968, silver medalist in 1960 and 1964, and winner of the Summer Universiade in 1965, Zsivótzky set two world records, and he was elected as Hungarian Sportsman of the Year in 1965 and 1968. Name suggested by Z. Kolláth. ||
|-id=450
| 175450 Phillipklu ||  || Phillip K. Lu (born 1932), a Chinese-born astronomer, translator and poet ||
|-id=451
| 175451 Linchisheng ||  || Lin Qisheng (born 1964) is a Taiwanese amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets ||
|-id=452
| 175452 Chenggong ||  || Taipei Municipal ChengGong Senior High School, established in 1922, is one of the best middle schools in Taipei. ||
|-id=476
| 175476 Macheret ||  || Augustin Macheret (born 1938), Swiss professor of law and rector of the University of Fribourg, chairman of the Foundation Robert A. Naef, owner of the discovery site ||
|}

175501–175600

|-id=548
| 175548 Sudzius ||  || Jokubas Sudzius (born 1946), associate professor at the Astronomical Observatory of Vilnius University ||
|-id=562
| 175562 Ajsingh ||  || Amanjot Singh (born 1988) was an undergraduate student in the Pre-Major in Astronomy Program at the University of Washington, where he conducted research into discovering asteroids using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. ||
|-id=563
| 175563 Amyrose ||  || Amy Rose (born 1987) is an American astronomer who helped discover asteroids as a part of her undergraduate research with the Pre-Major in Astronomy Program at the University of Washington. ||
|-id=566
| 175566 Papplaci ||  || László Papp (nicknamed Laci Papp; 1926–2003), a Hungarian boxer and three-time Olympic gold medalist. ||
|-id=583
| 175583 Pingtung ||  || Pingtung County, the southernmost county in Taiwan. ||
|-id=586
| 175586 Tsou ||  || Tsou tribe, native tribe in Taiwan ||
|-id=588
| 175588 Kathrynsmith ||  || Kathryn G. Smith (born 1988), an American astronomer and geologist ||
|}

175601–175700

|-id=613
| 175613 Shikoku-karst ||  || Shikoku Karst, a karst plateau located at the border of Ehime and Kochi prefectures, Japan ||
|-id=625
| 175625 Canaryastroinst ||  || The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, an astrophysical research institute located in the Canary Islands, Spain. It was founded in 1975. ||
|-id=629
| 175629 Lambertini ||  || Giovanni Lambertini (1916–1997), an Italian friar and science enthusiast, one of the founders of the group of amateur astronomers in Ravenna, Italy, and mentor of two of the discoverers ||
|-id=633
| 175633 Yaoan ||  || Yaoan, county in the north of Yunnan Province, China, where the Yaoan Observation Station  of the Purple Mountain Observatory (which discovered this minor planet) has been built. ||
|-id=636
| 175636 Zvyagel ||  || Zvyagel, ancient name of Novohrad-Volynskyi, Ukraine, birthplace of Larysa Petrivna Kosach, a.k.a. Lesya Ukrainka, 19th–20th-century poet and writer, on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Zvyagel in 2007 ||
|}

175701–175800

|-id=718
| 175718 Wuzhengyi ||  || Wu Zhengyi (1916–2013), botanist-academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ||
|-id=726
| 175726 Borda ||  || Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda (1733–1799), a French scientist and sailor ||
|-id=730
| 175730 Gramastetten ||  || Nestled in the beautiful landscape of Muehlviertel (Upper Austria), Gramastetten is a resort for relaxing and for pleasure trips. Gramastetten is the site of an observatory outpost of the Linz public observatory. ||
|}

175801–175900

|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}

175901–176000

|-id=920
| 175920 Francisnimmo ||  || Francis Nimmo (born 1971), a professor at the University of California at Santa Cruz, who served as a Science Team Collaborator for the interior geophysics investigation for the New Horizons mission to Pluto ||
|}

References

175001-176000


Woodmancote is a village in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the B2147 road 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Emsworth. It should not be confused with the other West Sussex village of Woodmancote near Henfield. At the 2011 Census the population of this village was included in the civil parish of Westbourne.

Villages in West Sussex
Chichester District


Crosley Bendix Radio Reviews is a collection of recordings edited from a wealth of material broadcast on KPFA's Over the Edge radio show, hosted by Negativland member Don Joyce weekly.  Each recording on this particular disc comes from a different broadcast, all featuring the character Crosley Bendix.

As a regular feature on Over the Edge, Crosley Bendix (dubbed the "Director of Stylistic Premonitions for The Universal Media Netweb") presents Monologues on cultural phenomena, with a typically "Negativland" sense of humor throughout.  The selections here are fairly broad examples of Crosley's critical style.  Probably his most famous monologue regards the discovery of a new primary color, called "Squant."

This album was released in 1993 by Negativland's own label, Seeland Records, as a CD.

Track listing

Style (1989 - 6:15)
Domestic Art (1987 - 11:33)
Squant (1993 - 8:41)
Movies (1987 - 7:13)
Dance (1988 - 7:25)
Progress (1984 - 3:25)
Numbers (1985 - 3:52)
Electricity (1987 - 7:38)
Fear (1986 - 5:57)
Technology (1987 - 9:14)

Personnel
Don Joyce
Kings House (Rob Wortman, Brook Hinton, Arne Ryason)

Negativland albums
1993 compilation albums


Frequentist inference is a type of statistical inference based in frequentist probability, which treats “probability” in equivalent terms to “frequency” and draws conclusions from sample-data by means of emphasizing the frequency or proportion of findings in the data. Frequentist-inference underlies frequentist statistics, in which the well-established methodologies of statistical hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are founded.

History of frequentist statistics
The primary formulation of frequentism stems from the presumption that statistics could be perceived to have been a probabilistic frequency. This view was primarily developed by Ronald Fisher and the team of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson. Ronald Fisher contributed to frequentist statistics by developing the frequentist concept of "significance testing", which is the study of the significance of a measure of a statistic when compared to the hypothesis. Neyman-Pearson extended Fisher's ideas to multiple hypotheses by conjecturing that the ratio of probabilities of hypotheses when maximizing the difference between the two hypotheses leads to a maximization of exceeding a given p-value, and also provides the basis of type I and type II errors. For more, see the foundations of statistics page.

Definition
For statistical inference, the statistic about which we want to make inferences is , where the random vector  is a function of an unknown parameter, . The parameter  is further partitioned into (), where  is the parameter of interest, and  is the nuisance parameter. For concreteness,  might be the population mean, , and the nuisance parameter  the standard deviation of the population mean, .

Thus, statistical inference is concerned with the expectation of random vector , .

To construct areas of uncertainty in frequentist inference, a pivot is used which defines the area around  that can be used to provide an interval to estimate uncertainty. The pivot is a probability such that for a pivot, , which is a function, that  is strictly increasing in , where  is a random vector. This allows that, for some 0 <  < 1, we can define , which is the probability that the pivot function is less than some well-defined value. This implies , where  is a  upper limit for . Note that   is a range of outcomes that define a one-sided limit for , and that  is a two-sided limit for , when we want to estimate a range of outcomes where  may occur. This rigorously defines the confidence interval, which is the range of outcomes about which we can make statistical inferences.

Fisherian reduction and Neyman-Pearson operational criteria
Two complementary concepts in frequentist inference are the Fisherian reduction and the Neyman-Pearson operational criteria. Together these concepts illustrate a way of constructing frequentist intervals that define the limits for . The Fisherian reduction is a method of determining the interval within which the true value of  may lie, while the Neyman-Pearson operational criteria is a decision rule about making a priori probability assumptions.

The Fisherian reduction is defined as follows:

 Determine the likelihood function (this is usually just gathering the data);
 Reduce to a sufficient statistic  of the same dimension as ;
 Find the function of  that has a distribution depending only on ;
 Invert that distribution (this yields a cumulative distribution function or CDF) to obtain limits for  at an arbitrary set of probability levels ;
 Use the conditional distribution of the data given  informally or formally as to assess the adequacy of the formulation.

Essentially, the Fisherian reduction is design to find where the sufficient statistic can be used to determine the range of outcomes where  may occur on a probability distribution that defines all the potential values of . This is necessary to formulating confidence intervals, where we can find a range of outcomes over which  is likely to occur in the long-run.

The Neyman-Pearon operational criteria is an even more specific understanding of the range of outcomes where the relevant statistic, , can be said to occur in the long run. The Neyman-Pearson operational criteria defines the likelihood of that range actually being adequate or of the range being inadequate. The Neyman-Pearson criteria defines the range of the probability distribution that, if  exists in this range, is still below the true population statistic. For example, if the distribution from the Fisherian reduction exceeds a threshold that we consider to be a priori implausible, then the Neyman-Pearson reduction's evaluation of that distribution can be used to infer where looking purely at the Fisherian reduction's distributions can give us inaccurate results. Thus, the Neyman-Pearson reduction is used to find the probability of type I and type II errors. As a point of reference, the complement to this in Bayesian statistics is the minimum Bayes risk criterion.

Because of the reliance of the Neyman-Pearson criteria on our ability to find a range of outcomes where  is likely to occur, the Neyman-Pearson approach is only possible where a Fisherian reduction can be achieved.

Experimental design and methodology
Frequentist inferences are associated with the application frequentist probability to experimental design and interpretation, and specifically with the view that any given experiment can be considered one of an infinite sequence of possible repetitions of the same experiment, each capable of producing statistically independent results. In this view, the frequentist inference approach to drawing conclusions from data is effectively to require that the correct conclusion should be drawn with a given (high) probability, among this notional set of repetitions.

However, exactly the same procedures can be developed under a subtly different formulation. This is one where a pre-experiment point of view is taken. It can be argued that the design of an experiment should include, before undertaking the experiment, decisions about exactly what steps will be taken to reach a conclusion from the data yet to be obtained. These steps can be specified by the scientist so that there is a high probability of reaching a correct decision where, in this case, the probability relates to a yet to occur set of random events and hence does not rely on the frequency interpretation of probability. This formulation has been discussed by Neyman, among others. This is especially pertinent because the significance of a frequentist test can vary under model selection, a violation of the likelihood principle.

The statistical philosophy of frequentism
Frequentism is the study of probability with the assumption that results occur with a given frequency over some period of time or with repeated sampling. As such, frequentist analysis must be formulated with consideration to the assumptions of the problem frequentism attempts to analyze. This requires looking into whether the question at hand is concerned with understanding variety of a statistic or locating the true value of a statistic. The difference between these assumptions is critical for interpreting a hypothesis test. The next paragraph elaborates on this.

There are broadly two camps of statistical inference, the epistemic approach and the epidemiological approach. The epistemic approach is the study of variability; namely, how often do we expect a statistic to deviate from some observed value. The epidemiological approach is concerned with the study of uncertainty; in this approach, the value of the statistic is fixed but our understanding of that statistic is incomplete. For concreteness, imagine trying to measure the stock market quote versus evaluating an asset's price. The stock market fluctuates so greatly that trying to find exactly where a stock price is going to be is not useful: the stock market is better understood using the epistemic approach, where we can try to quantify its fickle movements. Conversely, the price of an asset might not change that much from day to day: it is better to locate the true value of the asset rather than find a range of prices and thus the epidemiological approach is better. The difference between these approaches is non-trivial for the purposes of inference.

For the epistemic approach, we formulate the problem as if we want to attribute probability to a hypothesis. This can only be done with Bayesian statistics, where the interpretation of probability is straightforward because Bayesian statistics is conditional on the entire sample space, whereas frequentist testing is concerned with the whole experimental design. Frequentist statistics is conditioned not on solely the data but also on the experimental design. In frequentist statistics, the cutoff for understanding the frequency occurrence is derived from the family distribution used in the experiment design. For example, a binomial distribution and a negative binomial distribution can be used to analyze exactly the same data, but because their tail ends are different the frequentist analysis will realize different levels of statistical significance for the same data that assumes different probability distributions. This difference does not occur in Bayesian inference. For more, see the likelihood principle, which frequentist statistics inherently violates.

For the epidemiological approach, the central idea behind frequentist statistics must be discussed. Frequentist statistics is designed so that, in the long-run, the frequency of a statistic may be understood, and in the long-run the range of the true mean of a statistic can be inferred. This leads to the Fisherian reduction and the Neyman-Pearson operational criteria,  discussed above. When we define the Fisherian reduction and the Neyman-Pearson operational criteria for any statistic, we are assessing, according to these authors, the likelihood that the true value of the statistic will occur within a given range of outcomes assuming a number of repetitions of our sampling method. This allows for inference where, in the long-run, we can define that the combined results of multiple frequentist inferences to mean that a 95% confidence interval literally means the true mean lies in the confidence interval 95% of the time, but not that the mean is in a particular confidence interval with 95% certainty. This is a popular misconception.

Very commonly the epistemic view and the epidemiological view are regarded as interconvertible. This is demonstrably false. First, the epistemic view is centered around Fisherian significance tests that are designed to provide inductive evidence against the null hypothesis, , in a single experiment, and is defined by the Fisherian p-value. Conversely, the epidemiological view, conducted with Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing, is designed to minimize the Type II false acceptance errors in the long-run by providing error minimizations that work in the long-run. The difference between the two is critical because the epistemic view stresses the conditions under which we might find one value to be statistically significant; meanwhile, the epidemiological view defines the conditions under which long-run results present valid results. These are extremely different inferences, because one-time, epistemic conclusions do not inform long-run errors, and long-run errors cannot be used to certify whether one-time experiments are sensical. The assumption of one-time experiments to long-run occurrences is a misattribution, and the assumption of long run trends to individuals experiments is an example of the ecological fallacy.

Relationship with other approaches

Frequentist inferences stand in contrast to other types of statistical inferences, such as Bayesian inferences and fiducial inferences. While the "Bayesian inference" is sometimes held to include the approach to inferences leading to optimal decisions, a more restricted view is taken here for simplicity.

Bayesian inference

Bayesian inference is based in Bayesian probability, which treats “probability” as equivalent with “certainty”, and thus that the essential difference between the frequentist inference and the Bayesian inference is the same as the difference between the two interpretations of what a “probability” means. However, where appropriate, Bayesian inferences (meaning in this case an application of Bayes' theorem) are used by those employing frequency probability.

There are two major differences in the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to inference that are not included in the above consideration of the interpretation of probability:
 In a frequentist approach to inference, unknown parameters are typically considered as being fixed, rather than as being random variates. In contrast, a Bayesian approach allows probabilities to be associated with unknown parameters, where these probabilities can sometimes have a frequency probability interpretation as well as a Bayesian one. The Bayesian approach allows these probabilities to have an interpretation as representing the scientist's belief that given values of the parameter are true (see Bayesian probability - Personal probabilities and objective methods for constructing priors).
 The result of a Bayesian approach can be a probability distribution for what is known about the parameters given the results of the experiment or study. The result of a frequentist approach is either a decision from a significance test or a confidence interval.

See also
 Intuitive statistics
 German tank problem

References

Bibliography

Statistical inference


Asad Qizilbash (born 22 September 1963) is a Pakistani sarod player.

Biography
Asad was born in 1963 to the famous violinist K.H. Qizilbash, who introduced many talented Pakistani musicians to the world, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan among others.

After attending a concert performed by India’s most legendary Sarod player, Amjad Ali Khan, Asad decided to devote himself to the instrument.
As a result Asad listened to many recordings by Amjad Ali Khan, practising the Sarod and putting his mind and soul into it. The discovery of his master’s live performance became the paradigm for his music. In 1992 Asad became the only recognised Sarod player in the country and five years later he received Ganda Band Shagerd of Ustad Amjad Ali Khan in New Delhi.

1973
Asad Qizilbash started learning violin when he was around 8 years old. At 10 years age, he was asked to perform in a function patronized by UNICEF: "The Universal Children Day", Islamabad. It was his first public performance.

1975
Asad Qizilbash became a performing member of the Children's Art Workshop" at the Pakistan National Council of Arts (PNCA). He was playing violin and the guitar. He remained member of this workshop till 1982, when he left for the Middle East. During those days he used to play daily at the workshop. At that same period, he signed a contract with the Pakistan Television PTV.

1981
Asad Qizilbash was selected with some other musicians to represent Pakistan at the Atatürk Festival, in Ankara. He was playing violin and guitar. This was an invitation from the Radio-Television authorities of Turkey. The same year he met Ustad Amjad Ali Khan in Pakistan, for the first time.

1983 and 1984
"KASBEY QAMAL", a television series by PTV where Asad Qizilbash performed the Sarod and violin.
"PANGNAT", a television series by the PTV where Asad Qizilbash was performing for the musical background

1990 and 1992
Sarod concerts at the Tagore Institute in Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany.

1993-94-97-98
Since his return to Pakistan in 1992, Asad Qizilbash is mainly playing the Sarod. His talent is largely recognized and he has performed already in four Rag Rang. These are very exclusive concerts reserved only for classical musicians of the highest level.

1993
"RASELAY LOG" a television series by the PTV where Asad Qizilbash was performing sarod.

1994
"SATNBY STUDIO", a special program run during the election campaign where Asad Qizilbash was participating in a music event with other musicians.

2000
Asad Qizilbash performs live at the Marcus Mingus Jazz Club in Brussels, Belgium.

2003
Asad performs for Peter Gabriel’s WOMAD in the UK.

2005
Chinese Minister of Culture invites Asad to perform on the 7th Asia Art Festival in Foshan.

2006
Asad Qizilbash performs live at the Tree & Leaf in Brussels and at the Dranouter Festival for the Pax Mundial project with Patrick Riguelle and Jan Hautekiet.
Asad also plays on the track 'Bodyless Friend' by Sutrastore (written by Christophe Calis).

2007
Asad Qizilbash signs a publishing, recording and production contract with womb Editions in Brussels.

Together with Andrew Goldberg (Producer, womb Editions) and Pely (Producer, Cut Productions), Asad recorded his first solo album, The Magic of the Sarod. From a total of 90 minutes of recorded music, Qizilbash performs live, four Ragas and one traditional Folk Tune ranging between early morning and midnight moods.

References

1963 births
Hindustani instrumentalists
Living people
Pakistani musicians
Sarod players
Pakistani violinists


Unia Kunice is a football (soccer) club based in Żary, Poland.

The club played in the III liga in 2007–08 and 2008–09, but was thereafter relegated to the Klasa okręgowa.

References

External links
 Official website
 90minut.pl profile

Football clubs in Poland
Association football clubs established in 1946
1946 establishments in Poland
Football clubs in Lubusz Voivodeship
Żary County


Public service agreements (PSAs) detailed the aims and objectives of UK government departments for a three-year period. PSAs were abolished in June 2010 by the Coalition Government.

Such agreements also "describe[d] how targets will be achieved and how performances against these targets will be measured". The agreements consisted of a departmental aim, a set of objectives and targets, and details of who is responsible for delivery.

Previous PSA's
The 30 previous PSAs are:

 Raise the productivity of the UK economy
 Improve the skills of the population, on the way to ensuring a better skills base by 2020
 Ensure controlled, fair migration that protects the public and contributes to economic growth
 Promote science and innovation in the UK
 Deliver reliable and efficient transport networks that support economic growth
 Deliver the conditions for business success in the UK
 Improve the economic performance of all English regions and reduce the gap in economic growth rates between regions
 Maximise employment opportunity for all
 Halve the number of children in poverty by 2010–11, on the way to eradicating child poverty by 2020
 Raise the educational achievement of all children and young people
 Narrow the gap in educational achievement between children from low income and disadvantaged backgrounds and their peers
 Improve the health and wellbeing of children and young people
 Improve children and young people's safety
 Increase the number of children and young people on the path to success
 Address the disadvantage that individuals experience because of their gender, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, religion or belief
 Increase the proportion of socially excluded adults in settled accommodation and employment, education or training
 Tackle poverty and promote greater independence and wellbeing in later life
 Promote better health and wellbeing for all
 Ensure better care for all
 Increase long term housing supply and affordability
 Build more cohesive, empowered and active communities
 Deliver a successful Olympic Games and Paralympic Games with a sustainable legacy and get more children and young people taking part in high quality PE and sport
 Make communities safer
 Deliver a more effective, transparent and responsive Criminal Justice System for victims and the public
 Reduce the harm caused by alcohol and drugs
 Reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from international terrorism
 Lead the global effort to avoid dangerous climate change
 Secure a healthy natural environment for today and the future
 Reduce poverty in poorer countries through quicker progress towards the Millennium Development Goals
 Reduce the impact of conflict through enhanced UK and international efforts

References

 Public service agreements - Cabinet Office

Government of the United Kingdom


René Charrier (born 23 November 1951 in Innsbruck) is a retired professional French footballer who played goalkeeper.

External links

Profile on French federation official site
Profile

1951 births
Living people
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
CS Sedan Ardennes players
Olympique de Marseille players
Paris FC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players


David Havern is an American football coach and former player.  He was a quarterback for the University of Pittsburgh football team in the 1960s, a Dapper Dan award winner, who would hold the school passing records before the arrival of Dan Marino in 1979. More recently, Havern was a mentor to St. Louis Rams quarterback Marc Bulger when Bulger was attending Pitt's rival, West Virginia.

Havern was the head football coach of the Shady Side Academy bull dogs in Pittsburgh. He retired in 2017, but remains a football consultant and mentor.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
High school football coaches in Pennsylvania