Anil Ramdas (Paramaribo, 16 February 1958 – Loenen aan de Vecht, 16 February 2012) was a Dutch-Surinamese columnist, correspondent, essayist, journalist, and TV and radio host. He was generally considered the V.S. Naipaul specialist of The Netherlands.

His work has been extensively studied by the author Karin Amatmoekrim.

In 1997 he was awarded the E. du Perron prize for all of his works.

Works

Fiction
Anil Ramdas published  his autobiographical novel Badal in  February 2011. In the article "A Matter of Identity: Anil Ramdas and His Autobiographical Novel Badal", Kees Snoek writes :

Death
Ramdas committed suicide on 16 February 2012. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte expressed his regret about Ramdas' death in his weekly press conference.

References

External links
 Breaking the ‘otherness’ fixation, an indepth analysis of the context "migration and identity" Anil Ramdas wrote and spoke extensively on.

 Anil Ramdas, a media resource base that lists some works of Anil Ramdas.

Godhra and After: The Role of Media India First Foundation – 6 April 2002

1958 births
2012 deaths
Dutch radio journalists
Dutch television journalists
Dutch columnists
Dutch essayists
Dutch non-fiction writers
Dutch television presenters
Dutch television producers
Dutch radio presenters
Dutch people of Indian descent
Dutch Hindus
People from Paramaribo
Surinamese emigrants to the Netherlands
Suicides in the Netherlands
2012 suicides
Surinamese Hindus


Festalemps (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Saint Privat en Périgord.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


La Feuillade (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Firbeix is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Geography
The Côle has its source near le Châtenet, a hamlet in the southern part of the commune; it forms part of the commune's southeastern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Flaugeac (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Sigoulès-et-Flaugeac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Florimont-Gaumier (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Geography
The river Céou forms part of the commune's northern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Fonroque (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne
Dordogne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Force (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Dordogne department
 Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron
 John Bost

References

Communes of Dordogne


Ternant may refer to the following places in France:

Ternant, Charente-Maritime, a commune in the department of Charente-Maritime
Ternant, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the department of Côte-d'Or
Ternant, Nièvre, a commune in the department of Nièvre
Ternant-les-Eaux, a commune in the department of Puy-de-Dôme


Fougueyrolles (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Ternant () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Richard Goulooze (born 16 November 1967) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a right back. Active in the Netherlands, England, and the United States, he made over 350 career league appearances.

Career
Born in Alkmaar, Goulooze played for FC Huiswaard, Alkmaarsche Boys, AZ, Heerenveen, Derby County, Cambuur, New England Revolution, NEC and Lisse.

After retiring, Goulooze became a businessman, and continued to play master's football.

References

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Alkmaar
Dutch men's footballers
AZ Alkmaar players
SC Heerenveen players
Derby County F.C. players
SC Cambuur players
New England Revolution players
NEC Nijmegen players
FC Lisse players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
English Football League players
Major League Soccer players
Men's association football fullbacks
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States


WNJR can refer to:

 WNJR (FM), a radio station (91.7 FM) licensed to Washington, Pennsylvania, United States
 WNSW, a radio station (1430 AM) licensed to Newark, New Jersey, United States which held the WNJR call sign from 1947 until 1999.


The Herefordshire Trail is a long distance footpath in Herefordshire, England.

Route and distance
The trail, running for  as a circular tour of Herefordshire, links the five market towns of Leominster, Bromyard, Ledbury, Ross-on-Wye and Kington, and includes some of the smallest villages of the area, such as Kilpeck or Leintwardine.

The route encompasses historic churches and inns. The terrain varies from panoramic views – at Harley's Mountain (376m, the highest point), Garway Hill Common (366m), Merbach Hill (318m), and Golden Valley below the Welsh Black Mountains – and river valleys, including the Black and white villages trail passing through cider orchards and lesser-known places.

Landmarks on the route include Wilton Castle at Ross-on-Wye, the wooden toll bridge at Whitney-on-Wye, the 1895 Louis Harper pedestrian suspension bridge at Sellack Boat, Arthur's Stone tomb near Dorstone, sculpted hedges at Brampton Bryan, and the short Kingfisher Line railway near Titley.

Connecting trails
The Herefordshire Trail links with the Birmingham and Aberystwyth Walk, Black and White Village Trail, Clun Valley Walk, Elan Valley Way, Geopark Way, Leadon Valley Walks, Marches Way, Monnow Valley Walk, Mortimer Trail, Offa's Dyke Path National Trail, Ross Round, Teme Valley Walk, Teme Valley Way, Upper Lugg Valley Walk, Vaughan's Way and the Wye Valley Walk.

External links
The Herefordshire Trail website
Herefordshire Trail - LDWA Long Distance Paths
Herefordshire Ramblers website
Photos of the Herefordshire Trail on geograph.org.uk

Long-distance footpaths in England
Footpaths in Herefordshire
County-themed walking routes in the United Kingdom


The Scoresby Hills, also called the Scoresby Mountains, () are a mountain range on the east coast of Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. It consists of low hills which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain system.

See also
List of mountain ranges

References

Mountain ranges of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Arctic Cordillera


Mark Jones (born 12 April 1979 in Bridgend, Wales) is a professional motocross rider who has been ranked in the top ten riders in the United Kingdom and as the Welsh number one. He has won motocross titles since 1993, as the first title was the 1993 All British and BSMA 100 cc Championship. He has been riding the sport of motocross for 25 years; in 2007, Jones rode with Wulfsport Kawasaki, and plans to stay with the team as of 2008. Jones may have competed in the British Open class championship, British Masters and selected Grands Prix events.

Mark was forced to retire due to injury in 2009, but remains one of two Welsh rider to achieve a World Championship Grand Prix podium, the other being Chris 'factory' Brockway He is now a full-time motocross coach to up and coming motocross racers.

References

External links and references
 Official site

1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bridgend
British motocross riders


London Overground Rail Operations Limited was a train operating company contracted to operate the London Overground train service on the National Rail network, under the franchise control of Transport for London. The company was a 50/50 joint venture between Arriva UK Trains and MTR Corporation.

History
On 20 February 2006, the Department for Transport announced that Transport for London would take over management of services then provided by Silverlink Metro.

In June 2006, Transport for London announced that Govia, MTR/Laing Rail, National Express and NedRail had been shortlisted to bid for the London Rail Concession. In September 2006, Transport for London announced that the extended East London Line would be included, and the operation branded London Overground.

In June 2007, Transport for London awarded the concession to MTR Laing, and operations started on 11 November 2007. The concession was for six years, four months until 31 March 2014 with a two-year extension option. The option was taken up with the concession to end on 12 November 2016.

In December 2007, Henderson Group, the parent company of John Laing plc, announced the sale of the Laing Rail division, which comprised half of LOROL, Chiltern Railways and a stake in the Wrexham & Shropshire open-access railway operator. In April 2008, Laing Rail was bought by the German Government's rail operator Deutsche Bahn, which now holds a 50% stake in LOROL. The price was said to be around €170 million. Laing Rail became part of DB Regio, before a restructuring saw it moved under the control of Arriva UK Trains.

In April 2015, Transport for London placed a notice in the Official Journal of the European Union, inviting expressions of interest in operating the next concession. On 31 May 2015, London Overground Rail Operations took over the Liverpool Street to Enfield Town, Cheshunt (via Seven Sisters) and Chingford services, as well as the Romford to Upminster service, from Abellio Greater Anglia.

In July 2015, Transport for London announced the shortlisted bidders for the next concession were Arriva UK Trains, ComfortDelGro, a Keolis/Go-Ahead joint venture and MTR Corporation. In March 2016, Arriva Rail London was awarded the concession commencing 13 November 2016.

Services
London Overground operates these services:
 East London line: Highbury & Islington to West Croydon/Crystal Palace; Dalston Junction to New Cross/Clapham Junction
 Gospel Oak to Barking line: Gospel Oak to Barking
 North London line: Richmond to Stratford
 Watford DC line: Watford Junction to Euston
 West London line: Clapham Junction to Willesden Junction
 South London line: Dalston Junction to Clapham Junction
 Lea Valley line: Liverpool Street to Cheshunt and Enfield Town via Seven Sisters, and Chingford via Clapton
 Romford–Upminster line: Romford to Upminster

Rolling stock
London Overground inherited a fleet of Class 150 Sprinter diesel multiple units, and Class 313 and Class 508 electric multiple units, from Silverlink. Between 2009 and 2011, the Sprinters were replaced with new Class 172 Turbostar units, and the Class 313s and 508s with new Class 378 Capitalstar units.

London Overground further inherited a number of Class 315 and Class 317 EMUs from Abellio Greater Anglia upon the takeover of the Lea Valley lines from Liverpool Street and the Romford–Upminster line on 31 May 2015.

Final fleet

Past fleet

Depots
London Overground's fleet was maintained at New Cross and Willesden depots.

References

External links
 LOROL official site

Arriva Group companies
Defunct train operating companies
John Laing Group
London Overground
MTR Corporation
Railway companies established in 2007
Railway companies disestablished in 2016
Railway operators in London
2007 establishments in England
2016 disestablishments in England


The Task Force (or Task-Force) is a light and medium-duty truck series by Chevrolet, their first major redesign since 1947. Its GMC counterpart was the Blue Chip series. It was billed as being more stylish compared to the earlier Advance Design Series while still maintaining its rugged durability. First available on March 25, 1955, these trucks were sold with various minor changes over the years until 1959, when the C/K Series trucks replaced the Task Force models for 1960.

History

GM redesigned their truck line for the second half of 1955, but sold both designs that year; the older design became known as the "1st Series", and the newer design as the "2nd Series". Commercial trucks and various other heavy duty models were also available. Chevrolet and GMC named their new series independently.

The cousins were differentiated by running gear and interiors; Chevrolet used Chevrolet engines, and GMC used GMC inline Sixes and Pontiac V8s (Oldsmobile V8s in the heavy-duty trucks).

For the first time in GM history, trucks were available with optional power steering, power brakes, and V8s. A column-shifted 3-speed manual transmission was standard, with an optional floor-shift-4 speed manual or Hydramatic automatic. The electrical system got an upgrade to 12 volts.

The new body featured the truck industry’s first wrap-around windshield, and an optional wrap around rear window for Deluxe cab models. Headlights became integrated into the fenders. The cab got taller, and in-cab steps replaced the running boards of previous models. A "step" between the cab and rear fender aided access to items inside the pickup bed. Redesigned bed fenders were carried through the next generation body that ended in 1966.

Differences

1955 2nd Series: First year for new body style. Fenders have single headlights and a one-piece emblem is mounted below horizontal line on fender. Beds are  and ; 1955 was the only year for the mid-length 7-foot bed. The GMC inline-6 remained 6V for 1955 only.

1956: Wider hood emblem. Two-piece fender emblems are mounted above horizontal fender line. Last year for eggcrate grille.

1957: Only year for more open grille. Hood is flatter with two spears on top, similar to the 1957 Bel Air. Fender emblems are still above fender line, but are now oval-shaped, as opposed to previous versions in script.

1958: All light-duty trucks are now called "Apache", medium-duty trucks called "Viking", and heavy-duty trucks called "Spartan". First year for factory-equipped air conditioning. Significant redesign of front end, featuring a shorter/full-width grille, four Headlights instead of the previous two, and Parking lights are now in the grille instead of being in the front of the fender. The hood is similar to 1955/1956 models, but with a flat "valley" in the middle. A new "style-side" all-steel bed replaces the Cameo/Suburban versions; called "Fleetside" by Chevrolet and "Wideside" by GMC, available in  and  lengths. For 1958, GM was promoting their fiftieth year of production, and introduced Anniversary models for each brand (Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Chevrolet); the trucks also received similar attention to appearance, but staying essentially durable, with minimal adornment.

1959: Minimal changes from 1958, the most apparent was a larger and more ornate hood emblem and redesigned badging on the fenders. This was the last year that the NAPCO (Northwestern Auto Parts Company) "Powr-Pak" four-wheel drive conversion could be factory ordered.

1960: The Chevrolet and GMC C/K-Series replaced the line.

Variants

Cameo Carrier/Suburban Pickup

The mid-1955 introduction of Chevrolet's Cameo Carrier pickup truck helped pave the way for the Fleetside. The Cameo offered an array of car-like features that included passenger-car styling, fiberglass rear fenders, two-tone paint, a relatively luxurious interior, as well as an optional V8 engine, automatic transmission, and power assist steering. As always, there was a GMC version offered during the same time, called the GMC Suburban Pickup, with many similar features offered on the Chevrolet. In 1957, a special version was made for GMC to be shown at national car shows called the Palomino, which had a Pontiac  V8 installed, borrowed from the 1957 Star Chief.

Other pickup truck producers, including Dodge, Ford, Studebaker, and International, began to offer flush-side cargo boxes on some of their 1957 models, such as the Dodge C Series, and the 1960 Studebaker Champ.
Though GM replaced the Cameo Carrier and Suburban Pickup with the Fleetside and Wideside before the '50's were over, in time, pickup trucks with flush bodies and wider beds would become the dominant standard throughout the industry.

Utility vehicles

The Task Force trucks formed the basis of the fourth-generation Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Carryall.  Competing against the International Travelall and the Dodge Town Panel and Town Wagon, the Suburban became a Chevrolet nameplate (as GMC adopted the Carryall nameplate).

While marketed solely as a two-door utility wagon, the Suburban was offered in -ton 3100 and a 1-ton 3800 Suburban panel van was offered as an option. -ton 3600 Suburbans and Panel trucks were not available. Unlike the Advance Design-era trucks, there were no Canopy Express models offered.

References

Task Force
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States
Pickup trucks
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1955
1960s cars


Delouie (, also Romanized as Dowlūī and Delūī) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,360, in 411 families.

Delouie is located 3 km from Gonabad, at an altitude of 1038 metres.
The most important products of Delouie are saffron, grapes, apricot, whiteberry, wheat, and pomegranate.

References

Populated places in Gonabad County


CS Telconia was a British cable ship used in the early 20th century to lay and repair submarine communications cables. She was built in 1909 by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson for the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company (a subsidiary of the Atlantic Telegraph Company) and remained in service until late 1934.

Telconia is often incorrectly credited with playing a role in cutting German cables in August 1914. In her book The Zimmermann Telegram, American historian Barbara Tuchman incorrectly asserted this based on an interview with a retired Royal Navy officer decades later.  Scholars have since determined that in fact it was the British General Post Office ship CS Alert that carried out these attacks. The job of Alert was to locate and cut the five German cables heading into the Atlantic.  A similar operation cut the German cables that connected Great Britain to the German coast.  Successive missions by Telconia and other ships later in the war eliminated the remainder of Germany's cable network and, in some instances, pulled the cables up with their grapples and relaid them into British and French ports for use by the Allied powers instead.

Notes

Cable ships of the United Kingdom
World War I auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
1909 ships
Ships built by Swan Hunter
Ships built on the River Tyne


A reborn doll is a hand made art doll created from a blank kit or a manufactured doll that has been transformed by an artist to resemble a human infant with as much realism as possible. The process of creating a reborn doll is referred to as reborning and the doll artists are referred to as reborners.
Reborn dolls are also known as lifelike dolls or reborn baby dolls.

The hobby of creating reborn baby dolls began in the early 1990s when doll enthusiasts wanted more realistic dolls. Since then, an industry and community surrounding reborn dolls has emerged.
Reborn dolls are primarily purchased online but can be available at fairs. Depending on craftsmanship, they range in price from hundreds to thousands of dollars.

Reborning involves numerous time-consuming steps. The most basic form of the process involves taking a vinyl doll, adding multiple hand painted layers of paint, and adding other physical features to the doll. Artists can pick different brands to best suit the doll they wish to create. Consumers can also buy reborn doll kits that include the doll parts and supplies for creating their own reborn. Making a doll from a kit is called newborning and allows artists to omit some steps in the fabrication process. Many supplies are needed for both external and internal modifications of reborns to make the doll seem more realistic.

Some consumers of reborn dolls use them to cope with their grief over a lost child (a memory reborn), or as a portrait doll of a grown child. Others collect reborns as they would regular dolls. These dolls are sometimes played with as if they are an infant. Critics debate whether reborn dolls are harmful, or whether these dolls can help in the grieving process. Because of their realistic appearance, reborn dolls have occasionally been mistaken for real babies and "rescued" from parked cars after being reported to the police by passers-by.

History
The art of making reborn dolls began in the United States in the 1990s. Reborning follows a long tradition of collectors, artists, and manufacturers restoring and enhancing dolls in order to portray more realism. The internet has allowed doll artists and collectors to create an online society focused on reborn dolls. In 2002, the first reborn was offered on eBay. This has expanded the reborn market allowing artists to open online stores which function figuratively as nurseries. The niche market for the dolls began with doll collectors who admired the superior lifelike accuracy of the doll. The market quickly reached those who wanted to use the doll as an emotional outlet, either to mother or for therapeutic purposes. Mass media coverage has helped to develop the phenomenon in other countries. Reborning enjoys popularity in the USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe, Africa, Latin America and many other countries around the world. Doll manufacturers have also taken advantage of the trend and sell supplies, tools, and accessories catering to reborn followers. This has allowed reborners to invent new techniques causing the dolls to become increasingly realistic over time. Magazines, books, organizations, and conventions dedicated to reborn dolls have been started as a result of this popularity.

Fabrication
Reborns are vinyl dolls, created by reborn artists.
The appearance of the doll depends on the creator; however, certain reborn artists allow customers to customize their doll, usually using a photograph to replicate a particular infant.

Reborning
Any type of vinyl doll can be used for reborning.  Dolls vary by size, shape, and materials, making some more desirable or popular than others. According to Doll Reader Magazine, Berenguer Babies, Zapf, Lee Middleton, Apple Valley, and Secrist Dolls are doll companies that make dolls which are easy to transform into reborns. Kathryn Peck of Doll Reader Magazine explains that with JC Toys Berenguer Babies, it is because the dolls already resemble human babies in their expressions, body shapes, surface materials, and other lifelike attributes.

Kits
A reborn can be created from a blank kit as opposed to reborning a whole manufactured doll. Manufacturers have reacted to the growing trend of artists transforming dolls by hiring reborn artists to become doll sculptors and design doll molds and kits.

When reborning from a kit, the first several steps of the process are completed by reborn sculpt artists and doll manufacturers. The kit comes as a disassembled blank baby doll ready to be reborned, and select supplies. Other supplies not provided in the kit can be purchased separately.

Supplies
Starter kits are equipped with basic reborning necessities such as limbs, faces, heads, paint brushes, eyelashes, acrylic/glass eyes, weighting pellets, 'heat set' or air dry paints, cloth bodies, cable ties, nose drill bits, fake tears, thinning shears, cosmetic foam wedges, cotton dipped applicators, and glue. These supplies may be purchased separately from a variety of retailers. The nose drill bits are used for creating and perfecting the nostrils of the doll. Acetone or a paint thinner medium is needed for removing the factory paint from the doll. Hair is an optional choice to add to a doll. Fine mohair, human hair, or wigs are usually used, but it is found in a variety of types. Rooting tools are utilized for this process and are available in numerous sizes 20, 36, 38, 40, and 42. The smaller the number the thicker the needle which will grab more hair and leave a bigger hole in the head of the doll. Eyes for a reborn doll are offered in a variety of brands and sizes.

Process

The technique of reborning a play doll typically involves a number of steps. To begin, the doll is taken apart and factory paint is removed. Then a blue color wash may be applied to give the appearance of realistic baby skin undertones. For dolls with an awake appearance eyes must be replaced. The outer layer of the vinyl doll is given its skin tone by adding dozens of layers of  different paint tones to build up and achieve a realistic human skin effect.
If heat set paints are used, the doll parts must be heat set by baking them inside an oven or by using a heatgun after each layer of paint is applied. Lighter skin tone dolls can take 15 to 30 layers. The effects of the blue color wash combined with the outside layers of paint creates the appearance of veins, and layers of paint done with special sponges give the doll its newborn mottled look. Manicured nails and opening of the nose holes are other details that are added during this process.

There are air dry paints now available to reborn artists, sold under several brand names.  Many feel that repeated baking of vinyl can cause it to break down over time.  In addition, there are fumes and chemicals released during the heating process.

The next step is to apply hair. The hair can be done in one of three ways: painting, wigging, or rooting. When rooting, the hair is added by hand with a rooting needle, micro-rooting is usually 1–4 hair strands per plug. When each hair is added individually strand by strand with only one hair per plug this is called mono-rooting. This can take up to 30 or more hours per head. Once the hair is finished, the original vinyl body is weighted with a soft stuffed body filled with pellets/fine glass beads/fiberfill.The weight corresponds with its age to achieve a realistic effect. Various additions also can be added to give the doll an even more lifelike appearance. Reborns heads are often weighted, so that owners have to support the head like one would a real newborn. Purchasers can have magnets attached inside the mouth or head for attaching a pacifier or hair bows. Electronic devices that mimic a heartbeat or make the chest rise and fall to simulate breathing are common. Reborns can come with an umbilical cord, baby fat, heat packs to make the reborn warm to the touch, or voice boxes that mimic infant sounds. For preemie dolls, they may come in incubators with a breathing apparatus attached to their nose.

Collecting
Institutions have developed to aid reborn hobbyists with collecting by providing information, products, and social networking. These institutions include magazines, and associations and organizations which sponsor conferences and conventions. Collectors and artists have described their reasons for purchasing and/or creating reborn dolls as varying from a love of dolls to a passion for art.

Purchasing
Reborn dolls are handmade art made by artists and can not be factory produced. They are usually found online and can be purchased through the artists' online stores (often termed nurseries), through artists' personal or doll/nursery pages on facebook where you can see all their previous work for assurity or through many Facebook groups and pages and at numerous doll conventions/fairs. Incomplete crafting "kits" to create original reborns can also be purchased from various online stores. There is a large price range depending on the quality of the doll, the sculpt used and the experience of the artist; they can sell anywhere from hundreds to thousands of dollars.

There are many factors to look for when purchasing a reborn. If the complexion is too dark this is called a blue baby, and indicates it was dyed excessively or uses colored sand for weight that could have seeped into the vinyl. The type of material used to weight the reborn should be considered because some materials do not react well with vinyl and will cause it to deteriorate. The doll should not be shiny. This indicates the doll was washed with acetone before painting, which prevents the color from correctly sticking to the doll's surface. It may also be caused by the type of paint used to color the doll. This is corrected with a special matte varnish. The parts used are important, as original parts may be replaced. The replacement parts must be appropriately proportioned with the doll and made of quality material. At times having the original body retains the doll's value either because it was made to fit that specific doll, or the artist left a signature mark. Eye brand, size, fitting, and alignment should be closely examined as well. Another feature to observe is the type of paint used for coloring and whether the doll is realistic in its details such as veins and newborn imperfections. The type of hair and technique used in applying the hair may determine the quality. Some artists open the nose, the holes should be correctly shaped, and the nails should be properly manicured.

Associations and organizations
The International Reborn Doll Artists (IRDA) originated at the first conference for reborn doll artists on January 21, 2005. The IRDA group was assembled in order to offer education for improved skills in the art of reborn doll creation. They offer skill building tutorials and instruction so reborners can remain up to date on the newest techniques and meet others who share a common interest in reborn doll fabrication. A reborn artist can join the organization at any skill level, but members are asked to uphold a list of standards that were created by the IRDA's executive board. This ethical code stipulates the guidelines members are to follow in advertising, listing, and describing their dolls in order to divide credit fairly between manufacturers, sculptors, and artists.

Conferences and conventions
The First Annual International Reborn Doll Artists Conference was held in Orlando, Florida on January 21–23, 2005 in conjunction with IDEX The Annual Debut of the World's Finest Collectibles. In January 2006 in Las Vegas, Nevada, Doll Reader Magazine sponsored the IDEX Reborn Competition at the First International IDEX Reborn Convention. Doll Reader Magazine started publishing over twenty-five years ago. It is now published nine times a year, keeps collectors informed on trends of modern-day doll collecting, and continues to sponsor the IDEX trade shows that feature reborn competitions and conventions. In the summer of 2008, ABC News followed a reborn convention in Illinois. ABC News was also in St. Louis, Missouri to attend the first annual Tiny Treasures Show held in 2008. The show features exhibitors, collectors, retailers, manufacturers, workshops, and contests for reborners. Reborn dolls can be found at doll fairs as well.

Social issues and reactions

The overwhelming majority of reborn customers are older women. The process of buying a reborn can be done to simulate an adoption process, rather than a prosaic sale of a product. As part of this, the dolls often come with fake birth certificates or adoption certificates. Many women collect reborns as they would a non-reborn doll, whilst others purchase them to fill a void of a lost child and may treat reborns as living babies. Media features and public receptions have used such adjectives as "creepy" to describe the reborns. This can be explained by the uncanny valley hypothesis. It states that as objects become more lifelike they gain an increasing empathetic response, until a certain point at which the response changes to repulsion. Some department stores such as Harrods have refused to stock the dolls because of this reaction, claiming they are too lifelike.

Emotional bond
Many reborn owners are simply doll collectors, while others have experienced miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death, have no means for adoption, or suffer from empty nest syndrome. They may utilize the dolls as a substitute for a child. Some owners dress the dolls, wash their hair, and may even take them for walks in strollers and take them shopping. Reborn hobbyists refer to the emotional response to holding their dolls as cuddle therapy. Studies suggest cuddling a baby releases hormones which produce a sense of emotional well-being, and some psychologists believe that this may happen with realistic dolls as well. Consultant psychiatrist Raj Persaud explains that mothering a real newborn baby releases the hormone oxytocin in the mother, and hypothesizes that this may explain why "reborn mothers" become emotionally attached to the reborn baby doll.

For grieving parents who form emotional bonds with reborn dolls, some child bereavement counselors advise against parents substituting their deceased child with the dolls. Reborn mothers contend that they are not replacing children but remembering them. Psychiatrist Sue Varma, teacher at the NYU school of medicine, says mothering reborn dolls rather than just collecting them can become a problem when it is used as prop and becomes the person's only form of socializing. Psychiatrist Gail Saltz with New York Presbyterian Hospital supports the use of reborns for people who do not want to make the commitment of having a real child, and also to comfort bereaved parents. She offers that in this case the reborn may symbolize a step in the grieving process. Concern should only come if someone who lost a baby grows too attached to their reborn because it could indicate their grief is not getting resolved. In this case, the likeness of the doll to the deceased child risks being harmful as a permanent replacement for the grieving parents. Ian James, a doctor at the Centre for the Health of the Elderly at Newcastle General Hospital in the U.K., said that holding the dolls helps calm elderly residents, helping them feel peaceful and quiet.

Law enforcement incidents
There have been multiple notable instances where reborn babies have been mistaken as real due to their realistic appearance. In July 2008, police in Queensland, Australia, smashed a car window to rescue what seemed like an unconscious baby only to find it was a reborn doll. The police stated that the doll was "incredibly lifelike" and that bystanders who thought a baby was dying were frightened by the incident. A similar incident was reported in the United States, in which police broke the window of a Hummer to save a baby that turned out to be a reborn doll.
On June 18, 2019, NYC Police confirmed the death of an infant found in a park in Queens who was identified, more than 1 hour later, to actually be a doll.

In 2009, reborners uncovered a blogging hoax in which a woman – described by ABC News as an "anti-abortion blogger" – claimed she was pregnant with a terminally ill child. She opened a P.O. box in order to receive gifts, money, and prayers. The hoax was uncovered when reborners reading the blog realized that the pictures of the baby posted on the blog were actually a reborn doll they recognized through the familiar reborn sculpture.

Media appearances
Reborn dolls have been featured in a number of movies, series and television shows. A December 10, 2008, episode of Dr. Phil entitled "Obsessions" discussed the topic of reborning. In January 2008, a Channel 4 series, My Fake Baby, explored the lives of women who collect the lifelike baby dolls. Featuring this documentary the British television magazine show on Channel 4, Richard & Judy, held an interview with the reborn artist in the documentary, Jaime Eaton, collector Mary Flint and psychiatrist Raj Persuad. On January 2, 2009, an ABC News article described both the manufacturing and the emotional interaction of reborn dolls, while a January 2 20/20 episode talked about the mothering process and attachment to reborns. On January 31, 2008, Inside Edition aired a segment showing artist Eve Newsom and her reborn dolls.  In July 2014, an episode of Perception, an American fictional series about a neuropsychiatrist who helps solve murders, called "Inconceivable" was all about a real baby and a reborn.  In December 2015, Shaylen Maxwell, owner and artist of Reborn, Sweet was featured in The Globe and Mail in a LIFE feature on the therapeutic value of reborn dolls in treating anxiety and grief.
In April 2019, a reborn doll is featured in the Netflix produced horror show Chambers.
A reborn doll also plays a significant part in the 2019 M. Night Shyamalan psychological horror television series Servant. An episode of High Maintenance (season 3, episode 8, "Proxy") features a couple caring for a reborn doll.

See also
Uncanny valley

References

Further reading

   Story of a woman with intellectual disability and her reborn dolls.

Handicrafts
Dolls
Grief
Infancy


David Brine (born January 6, 1985) is a Canadian-born Croatian professional ice hockey Centre who last played for Újpesti TE in the Erste Liga. Brine previously played for KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga.

Playing career
Brine spent three years with the Halifax Mooseheads of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, where he scored 100 points as a 20-year-old in 2005–06. He ended the season playing nine playoff games with the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League.

In 2006, Brine was a contestant on the Global reality series Making the Cut: Last Man Standing.  Though he did not win the series, Brine impressed Mike Keenan enough to earn a tryout with the Florida Panthers.  Signed as an undrafted free agent by the Panthers, Brine spent two years with the Panthers minor league affiliates before making his NHL debut with the Panthers on February 2, 2008.

After playing two years for KHL Medvescak Zagreb of the Austrian Erste Bank Eishockey Liga and their affiliate KHL Medvescak II of the Croatian Ice Hockey League, Brine signed with High1 of the Asian League for the 2013–14 season.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1985 births
Aalborg Pirates players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cardiff Devils players
Florida Everblades players
Florida Panthers players
Halifax Mooseheads players
High1 players
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
KHL Medveščak Zagreb players
Living people
Löwen Frankfurt players
Manitoba Moose players
People from Truro, Nova Scotia
SC Riessersee players
Rochester Americans players
San Antonio Rampage players
Újpesti TE (ice hockey) players
HC Valpellice players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Hungary
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Naturalized citizens of Croatia


The Selamiut Range is a mountain range on the northernmost tip of Labrador, Canada. It is a subrange of the Torngat Mountains which in turn form part of the southern section of the Arctic Cordillera mountain system.

See also
List of mountain ranges

References

Arctic Cordillera
Mountain ranges of Qikiqtaaluk Region


Charles Benjamin Redrup (1878–1961) was a British aeronautical engineer and inventor, who designed  several innovative axial engines.

Early life
Redrup was born in Newport, Wales in 1878, to wealthy parents. His father moved to Barry, Vale of Glamorgan shortly afterwards. The Redrup family had 10 children, all of whom were able to receive a good private education, due to the family money. Charles Redrup was interested in engineering from an early age and his father paid for him to take an apprenticeship with the Great Western Railway company for a five-year period. After a short round-trip aboard a merchant ship to America, Redrup returned to Barry, entered into a partnership with Alban Richards, the son of a Barry blacksmith, and set up the Barry Motor Company.

He started his married life in the aforementioned parental-gifted house and by 1925 Charles and Jessie Redrup had a family of eight.

Career

The Barry Engine first appeared in 1904 when it was exhibited at the Stanley Exhibition in London's Burners Hall. Designed by Redrup, the engine was a two-cylinder supercharged rotary engine. The engine was incorporated in the unusual "Barry" motorcycle, which retained the pedals of a conventional cycle, with the engine rotating on the forward frame tube between the driver's knees. It was exhibited in London in 1905, attracting a large amount of interest and being reviewed by a number of journals at the time.

Later models of the motorcycle dispensed with the pedals, and the engine was lowered to improve the centre of gravity. No known models of the engine exist but a similar Redrup 1912 rotary aircraft engine is in the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, and Redrup Radial, later  engines designed and built by Redrup, are still in existence.

In 1913 Redrup moved to Leeds where he designed and built engines for Vickers for their aircraft.

In 1919 he designed a three-cylinder 309 cc radial engine for motorcycles in partnership with Leeds motorcycle builder Monty Beaumont, and also sold the engines for industrial use. The "Redrup Radial", as the motorcycle was known, was built in the UK from 1919 to 1922, though actual numbers built are unclear and probably less than 150. The magazine The Motor Cycle tested the engine and found little wrong with it.

Redrup carried out most of his development work in a simply-equipped home workshop, and often said that he made most of his engines with little more than "a knife and fork". He was the inventor of "Wobble-Plate" axial engines, which powered a motor launch and a Crossley Motors car in the 1920s. A variant of the engine also flew in a Simmonds Spartan aircraft in 1929, and was exhibited at the Olympia Air Show in July of that year. He also designed radial engines for Avro in the 1920s.

As a result of his engine shown at the Olympia Air Show, he was engaged by the Bristol Tramways and Carriage Company to design an engine for them, and moved to Bristol where he designed the Bristol Axial Engine. It was a 7-litre, 9 cylinder, wobble-plate type engine. It was originally conceived as a power unit for buses, possibly because its compact format would allow it to be installed beneath the vehicle's floor. The engine had a single rotary valve to control induction and exhaust. Several variants were used in Bristol buses during the late 1930s. The engine went through several versions from RR1 to RR4, which had a power output of 145 hp at 2900 rpm. Development was halted in 1936 following a change of management at the Bristol company.

During World War II he worked on top-secret armament projects for the Avro Lancaster and other aircraft, including the hydraulic drive for the Vickers Type 464 bouncing bomb which was used in Operation Chastise in 1943.

After the war he designed more motor-cycle engines, including an axial engine, and large 1,000 and 2,000 hp axial aircraft engines. A 3-cylinder Redrup 1948 Radial Motorcycle is preserved in the Sammy Miller Museum. The motorcycle uses a smaller 250 cc version of his radial engine mounted horizontally in a Royal Enfield motorcycle frame, and was assembled by him and his son.

See also
Barry Engine
Swashplate engine

Notes

External links
http://www.fairdiesel.co.uk/Redrup.html
http://thekneeslider.com/archives/2006/10/25/radial-engine-motorcycles-redrup-radial/

Welsh engineers
People from Newport, Wales
British aerospace engineers
1961 deaths
1878 births


Cecil Kennedy (4 February 1905, Leyton – 12 December 1997, St Albans), was a British artist best known for his highly detailed oil paintings of flowers. He was also wont to include a ladybug or a bumblebee in his pictures.

Cecil Kennedy's obituary can be found in The Independent, and cuded.

References

1905 births
1997 deaths
20th-century British painters
British male painters
British still life painters
20th-century British male artists


Larry Tanz is an American entertainment industry executive. He has held executive positions with AOL Time Warner, and previously served as president and CEO of LivePlanet, as well as the president and CEO of Vuguru. He is currently the VP of Global Television at Netflix.

Early life and education
In 1988, Tanz graduated from the Ramaz School in Manhattan. In 1992, he graduated with a BA in Psychology from Harvard University. He also earned an MS in Behavioral Psychology from Harvard and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1999. At Harvard, he served on the staff of the Harvard Lampoon. His published research as a graduate student included the study of addiction, in addition to experiments on decision mechanisms of laboratory animals.

Career

Early career
Tanz worked as a Senior Associate at Mercer Management Consulting (now named Oliver Wyman). He left Mercer to become the Director of Strategy and Operations for AOL Time Warner. At AOLTW, he was also a founder of Netscape Netbusiness. He remained with AOLTW until 2000.

LivePlanet
Tanz worked with LivePlanet from its founding in 2000. He served four years as CEO and president of the company, which was founded by Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Sean Bailey, and Chris Moore. He oversaw strategy and operations, as well as projects for the company, including serving as an executive producer for Project Greenlight. While there he created partnerships with studios including Universal, Miramax, ABC, NBC, MTV, E! and Spike TV. He also served as a producer on related film projects like the horror film Feast as well as documentaries like First Descent and Running the Sahara. Tanz also executive produced other television series including the reality show American Start-Up.

While there, Tanz described many of his digital projects as allowing audience members to determine the degree of involvement they want in the stories being told, describing the method as providing a "treasure hunt for waders, swimmers, and divers"—indicating the varying level of interaction an audience member could have with the story. Tanz remained with LivePlanet until the shuttering of its film division in 2008.

Agility Studios
In 2008, Tanz co-founded Agility Studios, along with Scott Ehrlich and Keith Quinn. Agility Studios is a multiplatform production. Among the projects Tanz produced at Agility was The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers by Jon M Chu. They started the firm with $7 million in venture capital funding. Shannon Pruitt also joined the firm, which specialized in digital content.

Vuguru
In December 2009, Tanz was hired as the president of Vuguru, as Vuguru became a stand-alone entity (after the joint investment by Rogers Media and Michael Eisner's The Tornante Company). Variety said of his role that in addition to overseeing the scripted television and web series Vuguru produced, "A big part of Tanz’s job will be enlisting sponsorship and finding creative ways to work with brands to help finance the various series." Tanz was promoted to the role of CEO and president in February 2012. During his tenure as CEO, Tanz expanded Vuguru's investment in long form scripted web series. Tanz further expanded business into long form television series, hiring the former president of programming at Comedy Central Lauren Corrao. He has been interviewed regarding the effects of the Internet on television viewership and profit margins, stating that Internet video portals have begun to ebb away significantly at the importance of network television broadcasts. He discussed the further success of digital-first programming after the first Emmy nominations for digital programming in 2013 in an interview with Bloomberg News, stating, "Remember, it wasn’t that long ago when cable shows weren’t even eligible to win Emmys or be nominated. And now, cable entirely dominates the Emmy’s. So, we’re now seeing it be repeated again with digital."

Netflix
In November 2014, Tanz was hired by Netflix as Vice President of Content Acquisition for Europe. He was then elevated to the position of VP, Global Television. In this job, Tanz has commissioned several television shows from the UK market.

Philanthropy
Tanz co-founded a charity in 2006 with partners Matt Damon, Keith Quinn, and Marc Joubert which later became known as H2O Africa Foundation and then water.org. Tanz continues to sit on the organization's board.

Personal life
He is married to Sara Messeloff, a 1990 Ramaz School alumni.

References

External links

The Harvard Lampoon alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American technology chief executives
American entertainment industry businesspeople
Harvard University alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
American film producers
American television producers
American documentary filmmakers
American philanthropists
Warner Bros. Discovery people
AOL employees
Netscape people
American company founders
Ramaz School alumni


Fouleix (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
In Occitan, the town is called Folés.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


We're No Angels or We Are No Angels may refer to:

We're No Angels (1955 film), a 1955 film starring Humphrey Bogart
We Are No Angels (1975 film), a 1975 film starring Michael Coby and Paul L. Smith
We're No Angels (1989 film), a 1989 film starring Robert De Niro and Sean Penn
"We're No Angels", a 1988 song by John Farnham, later covered by Tina Arena


Gageac-et-Rouillac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

A scattered village consisting of many small hamlets. Gageac is now the main village with the Mairie whilst Rouillac  has the ancient Carthusian monastery, now a private house and stand on a hill with excellent views across the Dordogne valley. The 15th-16th century Château de Gageac is a listed monument. The commune is part of the Bergerac wine-growing region.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Gardonne (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Gardonne station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Gaugeac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

Geography
Gaugeac borders eight other communes including one, Parranquet, in the department of Lot-et-Garonne. To the north, the communal territory is about fifty meters from that of Lavalade.

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Ginestet () is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne
Dordogne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Gonterie-Boulouneix  (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Brantôme en Périgord.

Etymology
The commune is an amalgamation of the once independent communes La Gonterie and Boulouneix. La Gonterie refers to Gontier, a well-known patronym in the area. Boulouneix is derived from the Latin adjective Bolonensis - i.e. pertaining to the river Bolon (in Occitan) or Boulou.

Geography
The modern commune of La Gonterie-Boulouneix consists of the three historic communes Belaygue, Boulouneix and La Gonterie associated with hamlets and isolated dwellings like Champat, Champébre, Champtonie, Chazeau, Chez Jaumelet, Garelias, L'Étang, La Chataignade, La Combardie, La Nègrerie, La Plagne, La Suchonie, La Sudrie or Les Sudries, La Tabaterie, Landrivie, Le(s) Bernard(s), Le Clos du Pont, Le Couderc or Le Coudert, Le Haut-Palange, Le Maine, Leforesterie, Les Boutétias, Les Marquisats, Maison-neuve, Malet, Moulin de la Faye and Palange.

The commune's area is traversed in a NE-SW direction by the Boulou and its left tributary Le Belaygue. Several times the Boulou traces the northwestern boundary of the commune. The Belaygue enters the commune's territory from the northeast, flows past the villages of Belaygue and Boulouneix and merges in the far southwest with the Boulou.

La Gonterie-Boulouneix is surrounded by the following communes:
 Saint-Félix-de-Bourdeilles in the north.
 Saint-Crépin-de-Richemont in the northeast.
 Brantôme in the east and the southeast.
 Saint-Julien-de-Bourdeilles in the south.
 Paussac-et-Saint-Vivien in the southwest.
 Leguillac-de-Cercles in the west and the northwest.
The village of La Gonterie is situated 5 kilometers northwest of Brantôme and 17 kilometers south-southwest of Nontron.

No major through road crosses the commune's territory. The communal road C 1 connects La Gonterie to the D 939, a major trunk road from Périgueux to Angoulême about two kilometers farther to the northeast.

Orographically the commune's lowest point  is situated at the confluence of the Belaygue and the Boulou 105 meters above sea level. The highest elevation reaches 202 meters near Champat in the northeast.

The commune borders the Parc naturel régional Périgord Limousin.

Geology
The communal territory is mainly underlain by flat-lying Cretaceous limestones, the vast majority being Coniacian limestones. Near Marquisat in the north appear Upper Turonian limestones of the Angoumian facies.  The higher elevations around La Gonterie are taken up by Lower Santonian limestones. In the Boulou valley the Coniacian is a cliff former with abris and caves (cave of la Sudrie, abris near La Nègrerie and La Tabaterie). Between Marquisat and Belaygue a major fault zone crosses in a NW-SE direction. This fault zone is a prolongation of the Mareuil anticline. In some high places the Cretaceous sediments are covered by alluvial and colluvial deposits of the Pleistocene, mainly sands, gravels and clays.

History
The presence of hominids can be traced back in La Gonterie-Boulouneix to the paleolithic. Lithic artefacts from the Mousterian have been discovered in the abris of Sendouge (also Sandougne) and La Tabaterie in the southwest. A partially fortified hillfort (an oppidum taking up 13.5 hectares) was established during the second Iron Age about 600 to 500 BC on Roc Plat 20 to 30 meters above the abris at Sendouge. The Romans left some remnants of an aqueduct (masonry) in the ancient graveyard of Boulouneix. The Romanesque church in Saintonge style of Boulouneix dates back to the 12th century. In ancient days Boulouneix used to house a convent dependent on Brantôme and a village logically called Labayat. At about the same the Benedictines founded a (now ruined) priory for nuns in Belaygue. The church in La Gonterie dates back to the 18th century. In the year 1806 the communes of Belaygue and Boulouneix were united. The modern name of La Gonterie-Boulouneix exists since 1912.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Hermann Marggraff (1809–64) was a German poet and humorous author.  He was born at Züllichau;Brandenburg, studied at Berlin; and, devoting himself to journalism, lived and wrote in Leipzig, Munich, Augsburg, and Frankfort, finally settling in Leipzig (1853) as editor of the Blätter für literarische Unterhaltung.  He wrote the critical essay, Deutschlands Jüngste Kultur- und Litteraturepoche (1839); several plays, e. g., Das Täubchen von Amsterdam; humorous novels, including Justus und Chrysostomus, Gebrüder Pech (1840), Johannes Mackel (1841), and Fritz Beutel (1855), after the fashion of Baron Munchausen; a biography of Ernst Schulze (Leipzig, 1855); Schillers und Kärners Freundschaftsbund (1859); Gedichte (1857); Balladenchronik (1862).

References
 NIE

1809 births
1864 deaths
People from Sulechów
German biographers
Male biographers
German journalists
German male journalists
German poets
German humorists
Writers from the Province of Brandenburg
19th-century German journalists
German male poets
German male novelists
19th-century poets
19th-century German novelists
19th-century German male writers
19th-century German writers


Gout-Rossignol (; also ; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Grand-Brassac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Granges-d'Ans (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. As part of the Pays d'Ans, it shares a link with the neighbouring communes of Badefols-d'Ans, La Boissière-d'Ans, Chourgnac d’Ans, Sainte-Eulalie-d'Ans and Saint-Pantaly-d'Ans.

Twin town
Since 1999, the Granges d'Ans and its neighbouring communes in Pays d'Ans have been twinned with the Belgian town of Ans.  It is reported that in the  14th  century, the lord of Hautefort-en-Périgord, an overlord from all over the region, is said to have married one of his daughters to a Lord of Ans in Belgium (Flanders at the time).

Population

The population of Granges d'Ans has halved since the 1960s and is substantially lower than its historical peak of over 700 in the period 1840–1890. Over 73% of the 2016 population are now over the age of 44 and 53% are female. There is also a secondary population indicated by the housing statistics that show 38% of houses are secondary or vacation homes (55% are primary residences and 7% are vacant).

Historical buildings
 Chateau de Redon: 14th century fortified house originally owned by Teyssières family and acquired by Georges Johnston in 1818.
 Église Saint-Martin: St Martins church is a 13th-century catholic church.

River
 Soue
 The tributary of the Auvézère running through the Grotte de Tourtoirac rises in Loqueyssie in Granges d'Ans

Famous people
 Georges Johnston (1773–1844), Landowner of Scottish extraction and Captain in Napoleonic army (aide de camp of General Andre Briche. Father of Georges de Peyrebrune
 Joseph Lachaud de Loqueyssie, French politician married in Granges d'Ans and became owner of Château de Redon

Public transport
The nearest train stations are Gare de La Bachellerie (9 km) and Gare de Thenon (10 km).  The TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine services of SNCF connect directly with Bordeaux and Brive.

A bus service from Perigueux operated by Transperigord serves Hautefort.

Adjacent to the La Bachellerie junction of the A89 autoroute is an area for ride sharing ("Aire de covoiturage Chasselines")

The INSEE statistics report that none of the working population utilise public transport for work (75% use car or other vehicle and 25% report no transport or foot).

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Les Graulges (; Limousin: Los Grauges) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mareuil en Périgord.

Geography
The Lizonne forms the commune's southern border. The Bretanges, a tributary of the Lizonne, forms part of the commune's southeastern border.

The village lies in the southern part of the commune, on a height above the Lizonne.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Grignols (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Grives (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Groléjac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Grun-Bordas is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Jaure () is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Jayac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


La Jemaye (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Jemaye-Ponteyraud.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Journiac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Labouquerie (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Beaumontois-en-Périgord.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Lacropte (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lamonzie-Montastruc (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It boasts two primary chateaux. One is Le Château de Montastruc, an antique troglodytic site, then a fortress, arranged progressively through its 1500 years of history. Le Château de Montastruc is listed as a French Historical Monument. The other is Le Château de Bellegarde, originating from the 14th Century, although the interiors are of the 20th century.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department
Château de Bellegarde (Lamonzie-Montastruc)

References

Communes of Dordogne


James McCourt may refer to:

James McCourt (writer)
James McCourt (TV host)
James McCourt (footballer), Scottish footballer
James Henry McCourt, politician
Jim McCourt, boxer


Lamonzie-Saint-Martin is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Lamonzie-Saint-Martin station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


De Koninck (The King in old Dutch spelling) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles De Koninck (1906-1965), Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian
David de Koninck alternative spelling of David de Coninck (c.1644-1701), Flemish painter
Jean-Marie De Koninck (b. 1948), Quebec mathematician
Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck (1809-1887), Belgian palaeontologist and chemist
Lodewijk de Koninck (1838-1924), Flemish writer
Louis Herman De Koninck (1896-1984), Belgian architect and designer
Servaes de Koninck (c.1654-c.1701), Flemish composer active in Amsterdam

Koninck:
Jacob Koninck (I) (c.1615-c.1695), Dutch landscape painter (brother of Philips)
Jacob Koninck (II) (c.1647-c.1724), Dutch painter for the Danish court (son of Jacob I)
Philips (de) Koninck (1619-1688), Dutch landscape painter (brother of Jacob I)
Salomon Koninck, Dutch painter of genre scenes and portraits and engraver

See also
De Koninck Brewery, a Belgian brewery
De Coninck
De Koning
Konink

Dutch-language surnames


Lamothe-Montravel (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Lamothe-Montravel station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lanquais (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Le Lardin-Saint-Lazare is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Condat-Le Lardin station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux and Brive-la-Gaillarde.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Larzac () is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lavalade (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lavaur (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Laveyssière (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Eyraud-Crempse-Maurens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Les Lèches (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Léguillac-de-Cercles (, literally Léguillac of Cercles; Limousin: Lagulhac de Cercle) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mareuil en Périgord.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Léguillac-de-l'Auche (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

Landmarks
 Castle du But, a 15th and 16th centuries, listed historic monument of the French Ministry of Culture.
 Château de Faye, former Priory,
 The Feudal era Motte of the Redoubte
 the 19th-century Romanesque Church of Saint-Cloud,
 Ruins of the Priory Church Sainte-Marie de La Faye, 13th century.

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lembras (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lempzours is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is around 20 km north of Périgueux.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Ligueux (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Sorges et Ligueux en Périgord.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Liorac-sur-Louyre (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Loubejac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne
Quercy


Lunas is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Lusignac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Märet Jonsdotter (1644 – September 1672) was an alleged Swedish witch. She is one of the most known victims of the persecutions of sorcery in her country; she was the first person accused of this in the great witch hysteria called det stora oväsendet ("The Great Noise") of 1668–1676, and her trial unleashed the beginning of the real witch hunt in Sweden, which was to cause the death of around 280 people in those eight years. She was known by the name "Big Märet" because she had a younger sister with the same name called "Small Märet" Jonsdotter.

Background and Accusation
In the autumn of 1667, a little shepherd boy in Älvdalen in Dalarna, Mats Nilsson, claimed to have seen a girl lead goats over Eastern Dalälven by walking on the water at Hemmansäng by Åsen. This little boy had tended the herd of sheep with this same girl, they had had a fight, and the girl had beaten the boy up. The girl's name was Gertrud Svensdotter (Svensdotter meaning "daughter of Sven"). She was twelve years old.

Gertrud Svendsdotter was then interrogated by the priest, Lars Elvius, who encouraged her to say that she had indeed walked on water, and that she had done so by magic, which had been given to her by the Devil. After long talks with the vicar, Gertrud said that while she lived with her parents in Lillhärdal in Härjedalen, a neighbour's maid had taken her to the Devil. The name of the maid was Märet Jonsdotter.

Gertrud Svendsdotter made a detailed confession to the priest. She claimed that, in 1663, when she was eight, Märet had taken her on a walk. They had passed a sand-pit, and then came to a three-way crossroads, where Märet had cried out: "Thou Devil, come forward!". She claimed that Satan had then appeared in the shape of a vicar. They had dined, and the following night, Märet had come to Gertrud and smeared her body and one of her father's cows with a red oil, after which they had flown away through the chimney and all the way to Satan.

Since then, Gertrud had often visited Blockula, milked cattle with familiars, smeared her feet with oil to walk on water and taken children to Blockula, where their names had been written in a book with black pages. The reason she had admitted this was that she had met an angel in Blockula, a man in white, who had told her to confess, or else a hunger epidemic would sweep over the kingdom.

Gertrud's confession came after the shepherd boy Erik Eriksson (15 years old) had reported that he had had a vision in the woods where he was sucked up in the air and saw Gertrud sit in Blockula with the children she had taken, among them his little sister, and that he had heard an angel and a devil discuss how many people they had in their respective kingdoms, and that Gertrud had taken many to the kingdom of the devil. Erik was only to give his testimony once, but he was given credit by the priest of having revealed the whole affair.

The confession of Gertrud was the starting point of the famous "Mora witch trials" and, in the long term, the Swedish witch trials, and the first victim was Märet Jonsdotter. Gertrud also pointed out seven others, and the witch trial started in September 1668. This was the beginning of the real witch hunt in Sweden, a country where witch trials had previously been a rarity.

The witch trial
Märet Jonsdotter was called to court to answer to the accusations. She was urged to confess and to name her accomplices. Märet denied everything. Witnesses were called forward.

The father of Gertrud, Sven Hwass, was one of the witnesses. He claimed that Märet had made him sick and exhausted by using him as a riding horse on her visits to Blockula. Märet had been a maid at his farm and acted as a mother for Gertrud after the death of his wife, and he had the intention to marry her, but he had been discouraged when, during a trip with her to Dalarna, he had been attacked and beaten up by another of her suitors; his rival was the son of an ensign. Märet had then left his household. It was after this incident that Gertrud had been sent away to live with her grandmother's sister in Dalarna.

Märet had a mark on the little finger of her left hand, which was thought to be the Devil's mark. But the only thing they could make her admit were some harmless practices from folklore. She admitted that she had the practice of "reading in salt"; when a cow was sick, she gave it salt which she had moved facing the sun in her hand, and read a verse, which she read up in court: "Jesus our lord travelled mountains and far, he cured shots and magical shots, shots of water and all that is shot between sky and earth. God's worlds and amen." ("Shots" was referring to sickness.) That was all she was prepared to admit.

Gertrud and another girl, Anna Olofsdotter, were then called in to give testimony. Anna Olofsdotter also identified Märet in a confrontation. The girls told Märet that they had confessed because they had come to realise their sins, and that she should do the same, but Märet answered their testimony with questions; if she had truly been in Blockula, then why did she not know about it herself? Why would this be hidden from her? In the end, Märet asked Gertrud to leave – she did not wish to look upon her anymore.

Next, the siblings of Märet (her little sister Small Märet, sixteen years old, and her brothers Oluf, fourteen years old, and Joen, ten years old), were called to give testimony. Small Märet said that her older sister had taken her to Blockula riding backwards on a cow where her name had been written in the book of the Devil with the blood of her left little finger. Big Märet had had sex with Satan, and so did Small Märet after her ninth birthday. The two sisters milked with familiars and rode cows to slaughter to Blockula every Christmas and Easter. Her little brothers said almost the same thing, except that it was their father Jon who had taken them, and that their big sister would never admit anything.

At the testimony of her little siblings, Märet Jonsdotter told them that they had forsaken God and were heading for a dark road, and crossed herself. Her little sister and brothers cried and embraced her and pleaded with her to confess to save her soul, as did her mother, the only one in the family who was blameless. Märet denied everything, said that she had no idea what they were talking about, and asked God to forgive them.

Märet's siblings continued their confession by saying that they had not got even halfway to Trondheim, and pointed out a woman in the audience, Karin i Äggen, called "Widow Karin", who was to have rested with them in the cathedral in Trondheim on the way. They continued to point out Karin Biörsdotter, Oluf Biörsson, Brita Jonsdotter, Per Nils Anna and Märet Persdotter. At the end of the day, ten people were accused.

Blåkulla
The story about the children's stay in the Witches' Sabbath in Blåkulla (Bluehill) spread rapidly, and everywhere, children started to talk about it and make up stories. Their confessions were very similar to the first ones that were made by the children in this trial, and were to be a standard for the following witch trials of 1668–1676.

In Blåkulla, people partied as if at a wedding; they drank, ate, danced and had sex by the light of candles that were placed in vaginas while Satan sat under the table and laughed so that the whole room shook and the fire of hell poured up from a hole in the floor, where you could see the tormented souls in hell. You danced with your backs towards each other, as well as doing everything else backwards, married several people at the same time, and had sex with them and with Satan himself, and with his devils and demons, whose penises were cold and whose sperm was made of water and gave birth to frogs that were swept up from the floor with a broom and were made into butter. When you woke up afterwards, your body ached, the food you had eaten had vanished and made you hungry and the gifts you had received had turned to woodchip.

An interesting phenomenon was that the children, except from Satan and his demons, also claimed to have seen angels in Blåkulla. Next door to Satan's dining room was the angels' chamber, decorated with benches as if in a church, and completely white from floor to ceiling, from where God himself, dressed in a grey cloak and with a grey beard ("Just a Mr Olof in Mo", as the children said) cried to them: "Come here, you are my children". The angels had the claws of birds instead of hands and feet, and they were dressed in surplices of white linen and tight pants, and they pulled the Devil's food away from the children's hands, cried tears as big as peas, and asked them to confess so the witches could be exterminated and send the message that one should not have to work on Thursdays, nor use shirts with frilled sleeves, and not have to sell tobacco above its fairest price.

The children's situation was, after all, dubious; they were not only victims of the witches which had kidnapped them. They had also sworn themselves to the Devil, eaten his food and had sex. To claim angelic help was believed to be a way for the children to point out that they had been innocent victims, and mention of "The White Angels of Blåkulla" was very popular in the children's testimonies. The court was never very interested in the angels; they asked the children, if the angels really did try to stop them from eating Satan's food, why did they not stop them from doing worse, such as having sex with the demons?

Verdict
On 1 April 1669, Märet Jonsdotter and Widow Karin were judged guilty against their own words. There was a problem however. Swedish law forbade the execution of anyone who had not confessed their crime, no matter if they were judged guilty or not. Neither of them was willing to admit any guilt, and continued to plead innocent, just as they had done from the day they were accused. This put the court in a dilemma. The use of torture was not applicable in this case. The two women were not aware of the law, and the court therefore decided upon a plan to solve the legal predicament and get them to confess and thereby make it possible to execute them.

The priests were to persuade them to confess by using religious arguments; the priests should tell them that they were to be executed whether they confessed or not. But if they confessed, they would receive holy communion, and thereby go straight to heaven. They were to be taken to the place of execution believing this, given the communion, and the execution would thereafter be conducted. If they continued to deny all, however, there would be no choice but to take them back to jail.

This whole plan was put into effect and conducted just as described. At the place of execution, Märet and Karin were told that they could confess and receive communion, or deny all. Both chose to say no to communion and deny the charges. The frustrated authorities then had no choice but to escort Märet Jonsdotter and Karin back to prison. Gertrud Svensdotter and the siblings of Märet were flogged and then released. The remaining people accused were acquitted, but the hysteria was hard to stop and more were soon put on trial. Soon, 23 people were put on trial for abducting of children to Satan, and on 19 May 1669, eight people (seven women and one man) were executed as result of the process against Märet Jonsdotter.

Execution and the Mora witch trial
However, this first witch trial had started a mass hysteria. The stories spread across the parishes, and increased when the priests made the verdicts public by announcing them in church as a warning. In March 1669, the trial against Märet had resulted in a hysteria which caused the Mora witch trial, which has been made famous in history because it was given much attention on the continent where it was illustrated and published; sixty people were put on trial, and fourteen of them (one man, thirteen women) were executed by decapitation the same year. On the continent, the Mora witches were illustrated to have been burned alive, but the illustrations were made in Germany, where witches were often burned alive at the stake in contrast to Sweden, where witches were decapitated before burning. In 1670, the so-called "witch-prayer" was read in the churches, and in 1671, fifty-six people stood accused of abduction of children to Satan and witchcraft in Lillhärdal. Three of them confessed and were executed. It is not known what happened to the rest. The children started to talk about how the witches had taken them to the place of executions to be decapitated, and the witch trials now ended in this part of the country.

Throughout this time, Märet Jonsdotter remained in prison, exposed to continued religious persuasion from the priests to confess her sin. During four years imprisonment and attempts to brainwash her, she continued to declare her innocence and refused to confess.

On 16 April 1672, despite her constant denial, Svea Hovrätt declared Märet guilty of sorcery due to all the incriminating testimonies, and the devil's mark on her finger, and sentenced her to be decapitated and burned. The court declared that: "Her mere denial can not help her nor free her from the life sentence"; the same year, the court had noticed that several people accused had become aware that they would escape a death sentence if they maintained their innocence, and therefore, one of the eight people executed for witchcraft in Ovanåker in 1672 had been executed without a confession. From 1674, it was declared no longer necessary to have a confession in the case of witchcraft.

She was judged together with thirty-four people; of them, her younger sister Small Märet, Kerstin Halvarsdotter, Påls Märet (or Phåls-Malin Biörsdotter) and Gertrud Olofsdotter received a death sentence. Of the condemned, Märet Jonsdotter and Pål Märet were the only ones who were executed without having confessed; the rest all admitted guilt. They were all executed together, except Kerstin, who was pregnant, on an unknown date sometime before 25 September 1672. There is not much known about this final execution.

Widow Karin, however, was released. Of the many people who were put on trial for sorcery in Härjedalen in 1668–72, seven people were executed. Gertrud Svensdotter was to witness the execution of the condemned in Mora on 19 May 1669. In 1670, she was called upon by the priest to recall her story for his guest in the vicarage. She married in 1673 to Lars Mattson (21), another of the witnesses of the witch trial. She died of unknown causes in 1675, buried one week after having given birth to a son, who also died.

The witch hysteria continued to rage through the country until the execution of Malin Matsdotter in Stockholm in 1676. In 1677, to avoid any further witch trials, the government ordered the priests to declare, through the churches, that all witches had now been expelled from the country forever.

See also
 Elin i Horsnäs
 Torsåker witch trials
 Gävle-Boy
 Brita Zippel
 Anna Zippel

References

 Åberg, Alf, Häxorna: de stora trolldomsprocesserna i Sverige 1668–1676 [The Witches: the great witch trials of Sweden 1668–1676], Esselte studium/Akademiförl., Göteborg, 1989
 Birgitta Lagerlöf-Génetay: De svenska häxprocessernas utbrottsskede 1668–1671 [The Beginning of the Swedish witch trials 1668–1671], Akademitryck AB, Stockholm 1990. .
 Ankarloo, Bengt, Satans raseri: en sannfärdig berättelse om det stora häxoväsendet i Sverige och omgivande länder [The Rage of Satan: a truthful story about the great witch hysteria in Sweden and its adjoining countries], Ordfront, Stockholm, 2007

1644 births
1672 deaths
Executed Swedish people
Executed Swedish women
People executed by the Swedish Empire
People executed for witchcraft
People executed by Sweden by decapitation
17th-century executions by Sweden
Witch trials in Sweden


Manaurie (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Les Eyzies.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Manzac-sur-Vern (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

History
There are near the town both prehistoric Gallo-Roman traces. In the Middle Ages, Manzac had a former Priory of the Abbey of Brantôme and in November 27, 1911, the commune of Manzac was renamed Manzac-sur-Vern

Notable residents
 Léonce Cubélier de Beynac (1866-1942), poet.
 Christian Pabœuf (1956- ) composer.
 Valentin Huot (1929-2017) cyclist.

Population

Gallery

Significant landmarks
Significant landmarks include the Saint-Pierre-ès-links a 15th-century church with façade (shown right) dating from the 19th century and Gothic bell tower.
 Chartreuse de la Faye a listed historical site.
 Leyzarnie Castle, rebuilt in the early 20th century, also a listed historic monuments.
 Tower of the former Castle of the Châtenet.
 Chartreuse of Couture.
 Manor de dives du, from the 17th century.
 Cluzeau à Bencharel.

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne
Dordogne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Marcillac-Saint-Quentin (; Languedocien: Marcilhac e Sent Quentin) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


The following is a list of ecoregions in Tanzania, as identified by the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions
by major habitat type

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
 Albertine Rift montane forests
 East African montane forests
 Eastern Arc forests
 Northern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
 Southern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
 Central Zambezian miombo woodlands
 Eastern miombo woodlands
 Itigi–Sumbu thicket
 Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
 Serengeti volcanic grasslands
 Southern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets
 Victoria Basin forest–savanna mosaic

Flooded grasslands and savannas
 East African halophytics
 Zambezian flooded grasslands

Montane grasslands and shrublands
 East African montane moorlands
 Southern Rift montane forest–grassland mosaic

Mangroves
 East African mangroves

Freshwater ecoregions
by bioregion

Great Lakes
 Lake Malawi
 Lake Rukwa
 Lake Tanganyika
 Lakes Kivu, Edward, George, and Victoria

Eastern and Coastal
 Eastern Coastal Basins
 Malagarasi-Moyowosi
 Pangani
 Southern Eastern Rift

Marine ecoregions
 East African Coral Coast

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Ecoregions of Tanzania
Tanzania
Ecoregions


Marquay (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
 Château de Puymartin
 Venus of Laussel, discovered in Marquay
 Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Maryland Route 168 (MD 168) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Nursery Road, the highway runs  from Hammonds Ferry Road in Linthicum east to MD 648 in Pumphrey in northern Anne Arundel County. MD 168 was built in the late 1920s.

Route description

MD 168 begins at an intersection with Hammonds Ferry Road in a mixed commercial and industrial area at the northern end of the unincorporated community of Linthicum. Access between MD 168 and eastbound Interstate 695 (I-695, Baltimore Beltway) is via the county highway between the state highway and the Patapsco River to the north. The west leg of the intersection is county-maintained West Nursery Road, which curves to the south, has a diamond interchange with MD 295 (Baltimore–Washington Parkway), and serves a business district near Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. MD 168 heads east as a two-lane undivided road that passes underneath I-695 and intersects Fairview Avenue, which is unsigned MD 969A and provides access to westbound I-695. The state highway enters a residential area after it crosses MD 295. MD 168 reaches its eastern terminus at its junction with MD 648 (Baltimore–Annapolis Boulevard) in Pumphrey. Nursery Road continues east into the parking lot for the Nursery Road station of MTA Maryland's Baltimore Light RailLink.

History
MD 168 was paved in concrete in 1929 from Hammonds Ferry Road—which was built contemporaneously and was designated MD 167—to the Baltimore–Annapolis Boulevard, which was then part of MD 3.

Junction list

See also

References

External links

MDRoads: MD 168

168
Roads in Anne Arundel County, Maryland


Marsac-sur-l'Isle (, literally Marsac on the Isle; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Marsalès (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Marsaneix (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Sanilhac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Maurens () is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Eyraud-Crempse-Maurens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne
Dordogne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Mauzac station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

History
Mauzac and Grand-Castang was created on January 1, 1973, by combining the former communes of Mauzac and Saint-Meyme de Rozens in the valley and Grand-Castang on the hillside.

The village has been occupied from prehistoric times, as is evidenced by numerous traces (fragments of axes, scrapers...).

Its past is closely linked with the Dordogne River, which became an important commercial and cultural route in the 18th and 19th centuries. Mauzac is one of the active ports that feed the interior of the region. Only a few vestiges of the built quay remain, just some paving stones cut in the old-fashioned way, identical to those still seen in Bordeaux. Constructions of the Canal de Lalinde to facilitate navigation for the scows, of the hydroelectric dam, and the arrival of the railway in the 19th century, changed the life of the village considerably.

Population

Sights and monuments
The site of the theatre: On the way, the stone huts (bories), including one with a flat roof. Vine growers used them as shelters. You can see a brick oven called "the peasants’ oven" ("le four des croquants"). It is not a "communal" oven, but one of the first wood ovens used by the poor peasants called "croquants". From this site, there is a very pretty view of the town and the river.
The current port: The construction of a scow in the style of Coureau at the beginning of the century, offers sailing trips with wine-tasting and sampling high-end products of Périgord.
The railway bridge: This ochre stone bridge is 254 meters long. It has seven arches, each with a 30-meter opening. The distinctive characteristic of this bridge is the elliptical shape of its arches and their low height compared to their width. Its design, daring for the time, offered an important drainage duct for a given width during floods. The solution adopted was to have a minimum of piers and thus a maximum of width for the arches.
The lake: The dam's reservoir is a splendid lake, more than 1,000 hectares, an attractive centre for fishing, sailing, rowing, canoeing and kayaking. The developed banks are a meeting place for hikers. The "ferryman’s house" has been made into a showroom. Photographs and postcards of Mauzac in bygone days are available there. Upstairs, Electricité de France (EDF) has set up an exhibit about the hydroelectric evolution, and the Fishing and Hunting Federations offer a discovery of the surrounding wildlife.

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Mauzens-et-Miremont is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Mayac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Mazeyrolles (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Ménesplet is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Mensignac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Mescoules (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne
Dordogne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Milhac-d'Auberoche (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Bassillac et Auberoche.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Milhac-de-Nontron (, literally Milhac of Nontron; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Minzac () is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Monfaucon (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Arcey may refer to the following places in France:

Arcey, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the department of Côte-d'Or
Arcey, Doubs, a commune in the department of Doubs


Monmadalès (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Monmarvès (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


James McCourt (born July 4, 1941) is a gay American-born writer and novelist who was raised in Jackson Heights, Queens. McCourt has been with his life partner, novelist Vincent Virga, since 1964  after they met at Yale University as graduate students in the Yale School of Drama. McCourt's and Virga's papers are held at Yale's Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

Work
McCourt is best known for his extravagant novel Mawrdew Czgowchwz (1975), about a fictional opera diva, and his 2003 nonfiction book Queer Street, about gay life in New York City after World War II.  His novel, Now Voyagers (2007), is the first in a series of projected sequels to Mawrdew Czgowchwz.

Acclaim
McCourt has garnered praise from critics Susan Sontag and Harold Bloom and has been championed by author Dennis Cooper. Sontag directed McCourt's first novel, Mawrdew Czgowchwz, to her publisher's attention, while Bloom named a later work, Time Remaining to his influential Western Canon. Mawrdew Czgowchwz was brought back in print in 2002 with a new introduction by Wayne Koestenbaum.

Bibliography
Fiction
 Mawrdew Czgowchwz (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1975)
 Kaye Wayfaring in "Avenged" (stories) (Viking, 1985)
 Time Remaining (stories) (Knopf, 1993)
 Delancey's Way (Knopf, 2000)
 Wayfaring at Waverly in Silverlake (stories) (Knopf, 2002)
 Now Voyagers (Turtle Point Press, 2008)

Nonfiction
 Queer Street: Rise and Fall of an American Culture, 1947-1985 (W. W. Norton, 2003)
 Lasting City: The Anatomy of Nostalgia (Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2013)

Shorter writings
 “Come Back, Harry Fannin!” Review of Contemporary Fiction 10.2 (Summer 1990): 184-86.
 “Introduction.” Severo Sarduy, “Cobra” and “Maitreya.” Normal: Dalkey Archive Press, 1995, pp. xi-xviii.
 “Not Some Brainless Beauty” [book review of Faye Dunaway’s Looking for Gatsby]. New York Times Book Review, 10 December 1995, p. 39.
 “Prima Donna” [book review of Kim Chernin’s Cecilia Bartoli]. New York Times Book Review, 16 March 1997, p. 16.
 "Gass's Hamlet." In Into "The Tunnel": Readings of Gass's Novel. Edited by Steven G. Kellman and Irving Malin. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1998, 21-29.
 “The Actors Who Reflect the Stars.” New York Times, 23 March 2003, sec. 4, p. 13. [On best-supporting actor award]
 "Riding Shotgun with the Almighty." Los Angeles Times Book Review, 2 October 2005. [book review of Dennis Cooper's God Jr.}
 "The Canticle of Skoozle." Triple Canopy no. 14 (13 September 2011).
 [On semicolons]. Apology no. 1 (Winter 2013): 133-35.
 “Vissi d’Arte (The Memoirs of Morgana Neri, As Confided to ‘Oroviso’).” Pleasure: A Journal of the Arts, September 2015, pp.  37-58.

References

Further reading
Hoffman, William Moses. "The Interior Landscape of James McCourt." Los Angeles Times Magazine, 31 October 1993, PP. 30–34.
Moore, Steven. "James McCourt." My Back Pages: Reviews and Essays (LA: Zerogram Press), 2017, pp. 239–42.
------. * L.A. Times review of Now Voyagers
Rollow, David. "'That was Czgowchwz, her story, history': The Fictions of James McCourt." Hollins Critic 45.2 (April 2008): 2-27.

External links

Critical
 Interview in Publishers Weekly about Now Voyagers
 A Diva Cruises Again New York Times review of Now Voyagers
 The Seven Godlike Books of James McCourt feature on Dennis Cooper's blog

Interviews
 Bookworm: James McCourt interview on KCRW (1993)

1941 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American gay writers
American LGBT novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers