{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Maryland Air National Guard
| image                         = Maryland Army Air National Guard - Emblem.png
| caption                       = Maryland Army and Air National Guard logo
| dates                         = June 29, 1921 – present
| country                       =
| allegiance                    =
| branch                        =
| type                          =
| role                          = "To meet state and federal mission responsibilities."
| size                          =
| command_structure             =  Air National Guard Maryland National Guard
| garrison                      = Maryland Air National Guard, Fifth Regiment Armory, 219 29th Division St., Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| garrison_label                =
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| battles                       =
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| commander1                    = President Joe Biden(Commander-in-Chief)Frank Kendall III(Secretary of the Air Force)Governor Wes Moore''(Governor of the State of Maryland)
| commander1_label              = Civilian leadership
| commander2                    = Brigadier General Jori A. Robinson
| commander2_label              = State military leadership
| notable_commanders            =
| aircraft_attack               = A-10C Thunderbolt II
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}}

The Maryland Air National Guard (MD ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Maryland, United States of America, and a reserve component of the United States Air Force. It is, along with the Maryland Army National Guard, an element of the Maryland National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Maryland Air National Guard are not actively in the United States Air Force chain of command until federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Maryland through the office of the Maryland Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Maryland Air National Guard is headquartered in Baltimore, and its commander is Brigadier General Drew Dougherty.

Overview
Under the "Total Force" concept, Maryland Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF). Maryland ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Maryland Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal reserve obligations, as state militia units the elements of the Maryland ANG are subject to being activated by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

Components
The Maryland Air National Guard consists of the following major components:
 Headquarters, Maryland Air National Guard
 Stationed at: Fifth Regiment Armory, Baltimore
 175th Wing
 Established 1 October 1962 as the 175th Tactical Fighter Group; operates: A-10 Thunderbolt II
 Stationed at: Warfield Air National Guard Base, Middle River
 The 175th Wing is a composite unit, with a fighter operations group and a cyberspace operations group. The 175 WG has two active USAF gaining commands: the Air Combat Command for its fighter aircraft and for its cyber units, and United States Air Forces in Europe for its 235th Civil Engineer Flight.

History

The Maryland Air National Guard traces its origins to 29 June 1921. On that date the 104th Observation Squadron was federally recognized in Baltimore. It became the first post-World War I National Guard unit to be equipped with its own aircraft, 13 Curtiss JN-4 Jennies, which it flew until 1923.  The unit was based at Logan Field in Baltimore.

The 104th was initially assigned as division aviation for the 29th Infantry Division. Their annual summer training encampments were at Langley Field, Virginia (until 1931) and Detrick Field, Maryland (1931–41). (Detrick Field, now Fort Detrick, was named for the squadron's flight surgeon, Captain Frederick Detrick.) In addition to Jennies, the 104th flew a variety of other aircraft during the interwar period. Shortly before the U.S. entry into World War II, the unit was transferred to the 59th Observation Group (now the 59th Medical Wing) as part of a larger reorganization of the U.S. Army Air Forces.

World War II
Along with the rest of the Maryland National Guard, the 104th was mobilized for federal service on 3 February 1941. During the war, the 104th flew anti-submarine patrols out of Atlantic City, N.J., in O-46s  and was awarded campaign credit for participation in the Anti-Submarine Campaign. In late 1942, the unit was inactivated and its personnel transferred to the 517th Bombardment Squadron, later redesignated the 12th Anti-Submarine Squadron, at Langley Field, Va. In the fall of 1943, the 12th was transferred to California and redesignated the 859th Bombardment Squadron. By this time most of its original National Guard members had been reassigned to other units as individual replacements.

Cold War

In 1946, the 104th was reactivated as the 104th Fighter Squadron at Baltimore Municipal Airport, equipped with P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft, later replaced by P-51 Mustangs. From 1955 to 1958, the unit was organized as a fighter-interceptor squadron and charged with defending the Baltimore-Washington area against possible Soviet bomber attack. The unit soon converted to F-86 Sabre, and in 1957 relocated to the Glenn L. Martin Company Airport, whose longer runway was necessary to support jet operations.

Maryland gained a second flying unit – and its first group-level headquarters – in 1955 when the 135th Air Resupply Group was organized at Harbor Field.  The 135th was one of a handful of Air Force special operations units in existence at the time. Equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commando transports and SA-16 Albatross seaplanes, its mission was the covert infiltration, resupply, and extraction of special forces. Redesignated as the 135th Air Commando Group in 1963 and then the 135th Special Operations Group in 1968, it was one of only five such units throughout the Air National Guard. It remained at Harbor Field until 1960, when it too relocated to the Martin Company Airport.

A second group headquarters was added in 1962, when the 175th Tactical Fighter Group was established in October. The 104th Tactical Fighter Squadron, which had heretofore operated as an independent squadron, became a part of the new group.

The spring of 1968 brought considerable activity, with both the 135th and 175th being called out to help quell rioting in Baltimore following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and elements of the 175th being federalized  and deployed to Cannon Air Force Base, N.M., in response to the USS Pueblo (AGER-2) in Korea. While mobilized, the unit conducted fighter ground attack training for Air Force pilots designated to be forward air controllers. The unit returned to Maryland and demobilized in December.

The Maryland Air National Guard endured multiple changes in designation and equipment during the 1970s. The 135th Special Operations Group switched first to a tactical air support role, where it flew forward air controller missions with O-2A Skymasters, then in 1977, assumed a new mission and was redesignated the 135th Tactical Airlift Group and equipped with the de Havilland C-7A Caribou. In 1980, the unit converted to the C-130 Hercules aircraft.

The 175th Tactical Fighter Group also changed aircraft to meet the evolving needs of the Air Force. In 1970, the 175th turned in its F-86s and received A-37 Dragonflies in their place. Nine years later, in 1979, the unit was re-equipped with brand new A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft from the Fairchild factory in Hagerstown, Maryland.

The military facilities at Martin State Airport were formally renamed the Warfield Air National Guard Base in honor of Maj Gen (Ret) Edwin Warfield III, former Adjutant General of Maryland, in 1982 and the base has since been known as Warfield Air National Guard Base. The civilian portion of the field had been obtained by the state and renamed Martin State Airport in 1975.

Gulf War and Peacekeeping
Despite the end of the Cold War, the Maryland Air National Guard remained heavily involved in operations around the world through the remainder of the century. During the build-up to the 1991 Persian Gulf War, a number of unit personnel were mobilized to fill support roles. Three Maryland C-130s were mobilized and deployed to Germany to “backfill” for aircraft being sent into the combat theater, while the unit's Mobile Aerial Port Flight was called up and sent to Dover Air Force Base, Del. The same year, the 175th won Gunsmoke, the U.S. Air Force Worldwide Gunnery Competition, earning recognition as the best fighter unit in the Air Force.

The 135th participated in humanitarian relief efforts in Somalia, peacekeeping and humanitarian relief in Bosnia, the U.S. intervention in Haiti, and enforcement of U.N. sanctions against Iraq during the 1990s. A-10s from the 175th were likewise kept busy patrolling the skies over Bosnia-Herzegovina as a part of the U.N./NATO task force and enforcing the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, where it was called upon to fly retaliatory strikes against Iraqi targets.

On 15 June 1996, the two flying groups of the Maryland Air National Guard merged to form the 175th Wing. The 175th Wing, which carries on the lineage and honors of the 175th Fighter Group, is a composite organization with an Air Combat Command-gained fighter unit, and Air Mobility Command-gained airlift unit, a U.S. Air Forces in Europe-gained civil engineer flight, and, since 2006, an information operations squadron.

The wing has been deeply involved in fielding the latest Air Force aircraft. In 1999, it dedicated its first C-130J, the latest and most advanced version of the venerable transport. The 135th played a major role in the operational test and evaluation of the aircraft, procedures development and evaluation, and was the first fully equipped C-130J unit in the U.S. Air Force. In 2011, the unit again transitioned aircraft, this time to the new C-27J Spartan.

The wing was also selected as the lead unit to convert to the new A-10C – the first A-10 aircraft in the U.S. Air Force to be modified for precision engagement. Beginning in 2006, wing personnel were deeply involved in the test and evaluation process and in September 2007, the 104th Fighter Squadron became the first unit to take the A-10C into combat, when it deployed to Iraq.

War on Terror

Since the September 11 attacks, 2001, members of the Maryland Air National Guard have repeatedly volunteered or been mobilized to take part in the Global War on Terrorism. From January to June 2003, the 104th Fighter Squadron was deployed to Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, where it flew strikes against Taliban and al Qaeda forces and earned the distinction of being the longest-deployed Air National Guard fighter squadron at Bagram. In 2004 multiple members of the 135th APF were mobilized to backfill the 436th APS at Dover AFB DE and later forward deployed to support the 8th EAMS at Al Udeid AB Qatar.  From 2004–present, members of the 135th APF(later re-designated as the 175th Small Air Terminal) have deployed multiple times to various locations in the CENTCOM AOR in support of ongoing operations there.  Elements of the 135th Airlift Group remained almost continuously deployed in support of the War on Terror from December 2004 to January 2007, flying combat airlift missions into Iraq, Afghanistan, the Horn of Africa, and elsewhere as part of the 746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron.

In addition to its service overseas, the Maryland Air National Guard has remained fully engaged at home. When Hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the Gulf Coast in 2005, the Maryland Air National Guard was among the first to respond. The 135th Airlift Group flew 42 relief missions and deployed nearly 200 troops to support recovery and relief efforts in Louisiana and Mississippi. From 2006 to 2008, the Maryland Air Guard deployed a number of members to Arizona in support of the U.S. Border Patrol's efforts to secure the U.S-Mexico border. As a result of the USAF's decision to divest itself of the C-27, the 135th Airlift Group inactivated in 2013, bringing 58 years of service to a close.

First Sergeant Ribbon

The Maryland Air National Guard First Sergeant Ribbon''' was an award to honor First Sergeants of the guard after at least three years of exceptional service. It was discontinued in 2010, but those First Sergeants who received the ribbon prior to that date are authorized to continue to display it.

Notable members
Jack L. Chalker, award-winning science fiction author
Jack Turnbull, Olympic athlete and lacrosse legend
Frederick Detrick, MD, flight surgeon and Fort Detrick namesake
James Alvin Palmer, Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame Pitcher
Mark Belanger, Baltimore Orioles shortstop
Tom Young, novelist

See also

Maryland Defense Force
Maryland Wing Civil Air Patrol

References

 Gross, Charles J (1996), The Air National Guard and the American Military Tradition, United States Dept. of Defense,
 Maryland National Guard website

External links

 Maryland National Guard
 175th Wing
 Maryland Military Historical Society

United States Air National Guard
Military in Maryland
Aviation in Maryland
Maryland National Guard


Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WHSC1L1 gene.

This gene is related to the Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate-1 gene and encodes a protein with PWWP (proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline) domains. The function of the protein has not been determined. Two alternatively spliced variants have been described.

The WHSC1L1 gene is amplified in several cancers, including lung cancer and head and neck cancer, and may play a role in carcinogenesis.

References

Further reading


Semaphorin-4C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4C gene.

Interactions

SEMA4C has been shown to interact with DLG4.

References

Further reading


The A-350 GRAU 5V61 (NATO reporting name ABM-1 Galosh, formerly SH-01) was a Soviet, nuclear armed surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile.  The A-350 was a component of the A-35 anti-ballistic missile system. Its primary mission was to destroy U.S. Minuteman and Titan intercontinental ballistic missiles targeting Moscow.

The A-350 was introduced during the 1960s with mechanically steered semi-active radar guidance. It contained a high-yield nuclear warhead, comparable to the U.S. Nike Zeus.

The A-350R (NATO reporting name ABM-1B) was introduced with the advanced A-35M missile system and became operational during 1978. This system was tested at the Sary Shagan Launch Facility with five test flights during 1971, 1976, and 1977, with two more tests during 1993 and 1999.<ref name=A35M>{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/saryshagan.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227211415/http://astronautix.com/s/saryshagan.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2016|title=Astronautix: Sary Shagan|access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>

The next generation of missiles, introduced with the A-135 ABM System, were the 53T6 (1970s) and the 51T6 (1980s).

Design

The A-350 was a three-stage solid-fueled design with a range of over 300 kilometers.
It was improved with a restartable liquid-fueled third stage.
This gave a much improved post-launch and re-targeting capabilities.
The A-350 are launched from above-ground launchers.

The missile design was done by MKB Fakel's Chief Designer Petr Grushin.

The system had multiple radars during the different phases including the Don-2N radar and Dnestr radar early warning systems, and the Dunay radar target acquisition systems. The A-35 with radar was designed by Chief Designer K. B. Kisunko.

Radar systems
The idea for this system was to protect Moscow from nuclear attack by the United States. The Russian government began studies during 1958 with preliminary designs from General Designer K. B. Kisunko. Further designs and development were moved to TsNPO Vympel.
Radar systems were tested with Duna-3 single direction search radar and the Dunay-3U omni-direction 360-degree search radar, designed by V. P. Sosulnikov and A. N. Musatov, respectively. A more advanced system of radars were included, the Don-2N System; consisting of the 6000 km long-range early warning radars Don-2N and Dnestr, (NATO code names Pill Box and Hen House), and the 2800 km short-range target acquisition radars Dunay-3M and Dunay-3U (NATO codenames Dog House and Cat House).

Missile warhead
The A-350 developed through a period of growth and modifications. Configurations included an improved A-350Zh with tests during 1973. Eventually, the design changed again with radiation-hardened cases and became the A-350R for Phase 2 deployment in 1974.

Construction

The construction of the A-35 system began during 1962 with 16 primary sites including command post, radar installations and firing complexes for 8–16 missile launchers.  Some of the existing sites of the old S-25 Berkut were modified. Some known locations are: Naro-Fominsk, Olenegorsk, Skrunda, Angarsk, Nikolaeyev, and Sary Shagan.

One of the Dunay radar (NATO Code : Dog House'') phased array radar systems was located at Naro-Fominsk. This system is comparable to the US's PAVE PAWS radars of the Sentinel and Safeguard ABM programs.

The construction plan changed a number of times, varying the locations, sectors or quadrants, and number of launchers.  The system finalized at 8 sites with total of 64 launchers, with 4 major radar centers completed.

Advanced A-35M system (ABM-1B)

With on-going advancements in the ABM system, radars, missile and warheads, the evolution of the A-35 became the A-35M.  The "M" for modernization, was brought on through the advanced developments at 10 different Russian institutes. One primary upgrade was in the Dunay-3U radar systems enhanced with a dedicated sector search functionality.  Along with other upgrades, actual air tests were performed with different configurations between 1976 and 1977.  Phase 3 of the A-35M went on-line in 1978.

See also

List of missiles
Treaties
Strategic Defense Initiative
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

Related US missiles
Nike Zeus
Sprint (missile)
LIM-49A Spartan

References

Notes

 Secret Projects: ABM-1 Specifications
 Astronautix: Russian SAMs and ABMs

External links
 Secret Projects: Russian ABM system
 AeroSpaceWEb: ABMs
 ABM-1 Galosh and A-35 site photos  scroll down
 NATO Soviet Naming Conventions for ABMs
 FAS.org: ABM-2

Anti-ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union
Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union
Cold War military equipment of the Soviet Union
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Missile defense
A-350
Almaz-Antey products
Vympel NPO products
Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s


Mindspan is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Baen Books in 1986.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Fantasy and Science Fiction, Venture, Startling Stories, Galaxy Science Fiction, Analog Science Fiction and Fact and Worlds of Tomorrow.

Stories 4 to 8 were republished in The Magnificent Wilf (1995).

Contents

 "Miss Prinks"
 "Fleegl of Fleegl"
 "Show Me the Way to Go Home"
 "Rex and Mr. Rejilla"
 "Who Dares a Bulbur Eat?"
 "The Faithful Wilf"
 "A Wobble in Wockii Futures"
 "Sleight of Wit"
 "Operation P-Button"
 "Soupstone"
 "Ballad of the Shoshonu"
 "Catch a Tartar"
 "A Matter of Technique"

References

1986 short story collections
Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson


Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 8 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHTF8 gene.

This gene encodes a short protein that forms part of the Ctf18 replication factor C (RFC) complex that occurs in both yeast and mammals. The heteroheptameric RFC complex plays a role in sister chromatid cohesion and may load the replication clamp PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) onto DNA during DNA replication and repair.

This gene is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to have reduced expression in renal and prostate tumors. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding different isoforms. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome X.

References

External links

Further reading


The Baháʼí Faith has a long history in Australia. The first known mention of events related to the history of the religion was several reports in Australian newspapers in 1846. After sporadic mentions a turning point was a mention of Australia by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, the son of the founder of the religion, in 1916 following which United Kingdom/American emigrants John and Clara Dunn came to Australia in 1920. They found people willing to convert to the Baháʼí Faith in several cities while further immigrant Baháʼís also arrived. The first Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in Melbourne followed by the first election of the National Spiritual Assembly in 1934. Iranian Baháʼís had first tried to emigrate to Australia in 1948 but were rejected as "Asiatic" by Australia's White Australia policy. Though the situation was eased in the 1960s and 70s, on the eve of Iranian revolution, in 1978, there were approximately 50-60 Persian Baháʼí families in Australia. Persians, including Baháʼís, arrived in number following the revolution. See persecution of Baháʼís in Iran. Since the 1980s the Baháʼís of Australia have become involved and spoken out on a number of civic issues - from interfaith initiative such as Soul Food to conferences on indigenous issues and national policies of equal rights and pay for work. Baháʼís in Australia include some well known people (see below - National exposure).

The 1996 Census had an optional question on religion that 74% of respondents answered, and of those, 8,947 indicated Baháʼí. The community was counted by census in 2001 to be about 11,000 individuals. Census data from 2016 reported 13,988. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Database) estimated some 19,365 Baháʼís in 2010.

Earliest history
The first known mention of events related to the history of the religion was several reports in Australian newspapers in 1846:
 Morning Chronicle (later renamed) out of Sydney; 4 April
 South Australian out of Adelaide; 7 April
 South Australian Register out of Adelaide; 11 April

These were reprints of an 1845 article in the London Times which relied on Muslim reactions to the new religion. The next known news story covering events in Baháʼí history was in The Argus, 4 November 1850 in Melbourne which briefly mentions it. In 1853 there was an event with caused great suffering among the Babís (whom Baháʼís regard as spiritual precursors of their religion.) The Babís were blamed for an attempted assassination of the Shah of Persia. Recent scholarship has identified a fringe element distinct from all the major aspects of the religion, its community and leadership at the time, as actually being responsible. Nevertheless, coverage in newspapers at the time often echoed the Persian government's view blaming the Babís and Babís in large numbers were in fact executed as a result.

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote a series of letters, or tablets, to the followers of the religion in the United States in 1916–1917; these letters were compiled in Tablets of the Divine Plan.  The seventh and eighth of the tablets was the first to mention taking the Baháʼí Faith to Australia and was written on 11 and 19 April 1916, but was delayed in being presented in the United States until 1919 – after the end of World War I and the Spanish flu. These tablets were translated and presented by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab on 4 April 1919, and published in Star of the West magazine on 12 December 1919.

(Tablet 7) "The moment this divine Message is carried forward by the American believers from the shores of America and is propagated through the continents of Europe, of Asia, of Africa and of Australasia, and as far as the islands of the Pacific, this community will find itself securely established upon the throne of an everlasting dominion..., if some teachers go to other islands and other parts, such as the continent of Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, also to Japan, Asiatic Russia, Korea, French Indochina, Siam, Straits Settlements, India, Ceylon and Afghanistan, most great results will be forthcoming."

(Tablet 8) "The teachers traveling in different directions must know the language of the country in which they will enter.… In short, after this universal war, the people have obtained extraordinary capacity to hearken to the divine teachings, for the wisdom of this war is this: That it may become proven to all that the fire of war is world-consuming, whereas the rays of peace are world-enlightening.… Consequently, a number of souls may arise and … and hasten to all parts of the world, especially from America to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, and travel through Japan and China."

Establishment

In 1920 Englishman John Hyde Dunn, and his Irish wife, Clara, sailed to Australia from the United States where they each had emigrated, converted to the religion, met and married. They stopped briefly in Samoa along the way. They were first Baháʼís to set foot in Australia. In 1922 the first Australians joined the religion. They were Oswald Whitaker, a Sydney optometrist, and Effie Baker, a Melbourne photographer who were members of different metaphysical groups. News of John Esslemont's 1915 declaration of faith, and his forthcoming book Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era, had also spread to some of his associates, William and Annie Miller in Australia who then became Baháʼís in the 1920s. Melbourne Baháʼís elected their first Local Spiritual Assembly, the first one of all Australia, in 1923 mostly from single or widowed women. The community struggled to maintain itself for a number of years. The second assembly of Australia was elected in Perth in 1924. World traveling Martha Root spoke at many public meetings on a visit to Melbourne in 1924 and again in 1939. In 1925 Effie Baker left other Australian converts as well as a contingent from New Zealand for trip on pilgrimage where they stayed some 19 days and then visited with the community of the Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom. The news journal Herald of the South was begun publishing for New Zealand and Australia during their voyage out of Auckland (transferred publishing to Adelaide Australia in 1931 and then carried on by the national assembly from about 1945.) The Dunns and Martha Root also visited Hobart in Tasmania during which Gretta Lamprill converted and continued to sustain the religion on the island - eventually she was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly and later was named a Knight of Baháʼu'lláh together with Glad Parke, who travelled with her to the Society Islands (now French Polynesia) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. During Roots subsequent visits each time the Baháʼí community grew in Tasmania.

Following a temporary move of Margaret Dixson to Sydney from Melbourne who helped elect the first local spiritual assembly of Sydney in 1925 (eventually Margaret Dixson, an early Esperantist pioneered to Brisbane, and Adelaide.) While many of the early converts refused to stay Baháʼís when pressed to leave their former associations many others did join the religion. By 1928 a list shows Australia with 6 local spiritual assemblies each with 9 members plus the general community. There was a 1929 notice in the Sydney Morning Herald of a talk on ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.

Expansion
Soon Baháʼí groups sprang up around the country. By 1934 there were enough Baháʼís to elect a national governing body, the first National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Australia and New Zealand. The delegates were: Robert Brown, Silver Jackman, Hilda Brooks; A.O. Whittaker, Hyde Dunn, Olive Routh; and from New Zealand Mrs. E. Axford, Ethel Blundell, and Margaret Stevenson. During the 1940s there was opposition published to the religion. The first secretary of the national assembly, Hilda Brooks, wrote many responses to various public attacks. For 6 weeks in 1943 the editor of the Mittagong Star entertained an exchange of letters to the editor between her and a Catholic priest and scholar who had chosen to describe the religion as an outgrowth of Islam. That same year the Sydney Morning Herald listed several talks by Baháʼís. In 1945 she responded to remarks of a former missionary to Iran, in Adelaide's Church Guardian. In 1957 New Zealand separated to form its own National Assembly. The National Assembly established the Baháʼí Quarterly publication in 1936. The first pioneer to reach New Caledonia was Australia's Margaret Rowling in early 1952. Lilian Wyss pioneered to Western Samoa from Australia in January 1954 leaving behind a position on the National Spiritual Assembly of Australia at the age of 24 while her brother, Frank Wyss, introduced the religion that year to the Cocos Island. For their service, Shoghi Effendi awarded both of them the accolade of Knight of Baháʼu'lláh. In 1955 Fred Murray of South Australia was among the first Aboriginal people to become a Baháʼí.  Elizabeth Hindson was the first Indigenous Australian elected to serve as a member of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Australia. After decades of service in the Australian community, Collis Featherstone was distinguished by being appointed as a Hand of the Cause of God in 1957 (d.1990) and he and four other Hands were present at the first international conference hosted by the Australian Baháʼí community in March 1958 when almost 200 Baháʼís from 17 Baháʼí communities gathered: Iran, Pakistan, (S) Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Tonga, New Guinea, Papua, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand, Formosa, and the United States. Part of the ceremonies carried out was the dedication of the Temple site.

Yerrinbool Baháʼí School
Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women, promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern, and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics. In 1937, one hundred delegates and observers attending the national Baháʼí convention in Sydney celebrated the founding of the Yerrinbool Baháʼí School which was next to "Bolton Place" founded just the year before.  Kitchen and dining facilities were added in 1946. In 1947 non-Baháʼí speakers Harold Morton, a Sydney radio announcer, and Muslim Fazel (Frank) Khan presented at the school and the Khan family converted shortly thereafter. By 1963 the Yerrinbool Baháʼí School was wholly owned and managed by the National Spiritual Assembly. The second national youth conference was held at Yerrinbool in 1970 and succeeding youth conferences were held in Canberra (1972), Adelaide (1973), Perth (1974), Canberra (1975), Brisbane (1976), Sydney (1977), Hobart (1978), and Melbourne (1979). In 1983 the schools program included summer, spring and autumn schools, three deepening institutes, an annual studies conference, a "Third World Awareness" weekend sponsored by the Sydney Baháʼí youth, Baháʼís studies conferences sponsored by the University of Tasmania Baháʼí Society which lead to the initial formation of the Association for Baháʼí Studies chapter in Australia whose first meeting was at Yerrinbool. More recently, Yerringbool Baháʼí School was formally registered as a not-for-profit college in Australia under the name of Yerringbool Baháʼí Center for Learning Ltd. (YBCL) which operates two divisions of Education for Peace Institute of Australia, and Yerrinbool College.

Development in other states
Baháʼís in Brisbane were established as early as 1928 but it was not until 1949 that a local spiritual assembly was elected. A Bahaʼi Society was established on the campus of the University of Queensland in 1961. By 1978 there were Local Assemblies in Albert Shire, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Mornington Island and Palm Island, Pioneer Shire, Redland Shire, Toowoomba and Townsville, as well as groups in Gympie, Ipswich, Mackay, Mulgrave Shire, Murweh Shire, Noosa Shire, Rockhampton Wondai Shire and Caboolture in 1983. In 1987, local assemblies in Queensland numbered 25.

Refocussing attention on the Melbourne community active projects were initiated and the assembly was reformed in 1948. The members of that local spiritual assembly were Emily and Cyril Easey, Ron Cover and his mother Irene Cover, Freda Adams, Mrs E. Bennett, Madam Holden-Graham, Eleanor Wheeler, and Vi Hoehnke and by 1953 communities near Melbourne included Ballarat and Geelong however reorganizing along civic boundaries in 1957 spit the Melbourne community into Melbourne, Camberwell, Malvern, Caufield, Oakleigh, Mordialloc and Brighton.

In an atmosphere of growing tension over war, in October 1940 Gretta Lamprill in Tasmania was visited by government officers seeking information about the group's activities and from then on the Baháʼís consciously sought out collaboration with like-minded social movements and involved academics and outstanding public figures of the day in their public meetings. In 1945 the only group of Baháʼís in Tasmania were in Hobart - consisting of six people. By 1949 the Hobart community was able to elect its local spiritual assembly with founding members of Frank & Myra Brown, Mabel Bailey, Kit Crowder, Eileen Costello, Katherine Harcus, Gretta Lamprill, Katie Pharaoh, and Ben Raynor. Shirin Fozdar visited Tasmania in September 1952 for several talks before going on to introduce the religion to Vietnam in 1954. In 1958 the Hobart community hosted a Tasmanian Baháʼí conference with representatives from Launceston, Clarence, and Glenorchy in June 1957.

In 1982, the Canberra Baháʼí community was one of five communities asked by the Universal House of Justice to host a conference in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the death of Bahíyyih Khánum.

Iranian immigrants
In 1948, Iranian Baháʼís seeking to emigrate to Australia were classified as "Asiatic" by Australia's White Australia policy, and were denied entry and the policy largely remained in place until the 1960s and was lifted in 1973. The size and diversity of the community was boosted in the 1980s when Australia opened its doors to those fleeing the resurgence of persecution of Baháʼís in Iran, characterized as a diaspora. In 1981 the Minister for Immigration announced a Special Humanitarian Assistance Program for Iranians to seek refuge in Australia. By 1986, 538 Persian Baháʼís had entered Australia under the program, and by 1988, some 2,500 had arrived in Australia through either the Assistance or Refugee Programs. Together with Persians already living in Australia, Persian constituted 38% of the Australian Baháʼí community where majorities of Iranians formed in 59 of 169 Baháʼí communities that had local assemblies, and in 19 Baháʼí communities, more than 75% of the members were Persian. See also Iranian Australians.

Sydney Baháʼí Temple

The Sydney Baháʼí Temple, the world's fourth Baháʼí House of Worship, was dedicated on 17 September 1961 and opened to the public after four years of construction in Sydney's Ingleside suburb.  The initial design by Charles Mason Remey was approved in 1957 with seating for six hundred people.  The building stands 38 metres in height, has a diameter at its widest point of 20 metres, and is a highly visible landmark from Sydney's northern beaches. It's surrounded by gardens contain native plants including waratahs, several grevillea including the unique caleyi, Australian wattle (Acacia) and woody pear, plus three species of eucalypts.  Other buildings located on the site include a visitor's centre, bookshop, picnic area, hostel, caretaker's cottage, and the administrative offices of the Australian Baháʼí community. The property is set high in a natural bushland setting of 380,000 square metres (38 hectares) in Ingleside, a northern suburb overlooking the Pacific Ocean. This Temple serves as the Mother Temple of Australia.

Six conferences held in October 1967 around the world presented a viewing of a copy of the photograph of Baháʼu'lláh on the highly significant occasion commemorating the centenary of Baháʼu'lláh's writing of the Suriy-i-Mulúk (Tablet to the Kings), which Shoghi Effendi describes as "the most momentous Tablet revealed by Baháʼu'lláh". After a meeting in Edirne (Adrianople), Turkey, the Hands of the Cause travelled to the conferences, 'each bearing the precious trust of a photograph of the Blessed Beauty, which it will be the privilege of those attending the Conferences to view.' Hand of the Cause Ugo Giachery conveyed this photograph to the Conference for Australasia at Australia at the House of Worship.

Multiplying interests
The Baháʼís of Australia have taken up efforts in a number of interests - internal and with respect to the civic discourse in Australia. In 1975 the Australian Baháʼí Publishing Trust was established and in 1984 the Australian branch of the Association of Baháʼí Studies was formed. Representing the religion to the broader public the Baháʼís developed a voluntary program in Australian public/state schools for 30 minutes a week on religious classes (called Special Religious Education, open to all religions.) The Baháʼís developed a Peace Pack that was approved by the State's Department of Education and Training starting in the 1980s. Some 6,000 primary school children, about 10% of Baháʼí families, among more than 300 state-run schools attended in 2007. And informally since 2002 the Baháʼís of Adelaide, (and formally since 2003 by the Adelaide Local Spiritual Assembly) has run the Soul Food event - a once a month 1 hour program of readings from religious and non-religious texts mixed with music performed by a variety of Adelaide's professional musicians in the Art Gallery of South Australia's Auditorium during which no financial contribution is asked for or accepted and no promotions are permitted. The event has since developed similar events in other locations in Australia.

The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482.

For the International Year of Indigenous Peoples and the Australian Association for Baháʼí Studies set their annual conference in 1993 (at Queensland University) on an Indigenous related theme on building a positive understanding of Native title. In 1993 the Arrernte tribe co-sponsors an intercultural celebration, Heart of Australia Calling. In 1997 the Association for Baháʼí Studies produced a book Indigenous Peoples: In the Wake of Mabo as a followup (see Mabo v Queensland.) In closing the UN International Decade of Indigenous Peoples (1993–2004) it held another conference (at Macquarie University) but this time ensuring as great a level of participation by Indigenous participants and keynote speakers and as many female participants and keynote speakers as possible and other similar priorities in order that the views and needs of Indigenous Peoples could be seriously heard and discussed and of practical benefit.

In 2003 the Australian Baháʼí Community testified in support of Australian Human Rights Commission Legislation Bill of 2003 suggesting that reviews of its provisions should be considered in light of the Paris Principles. In 2005 it testified to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission of Australia making suggestions on a variety of issues affecting the challenges to equal rights and work/employment and pay for work. In 2007 YWCA Australia's WomenSpeak Network submitted a paper to the Australian Government through the Federal Office for Women to delegations addressing the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. Their statement mentions that most women's groups did not believe the role of men and boys in achieving gender equality caught the imagination of many of the organisations involved in the WomenSpeak Network. They specified a notable exception of this position is of the Australian Baháʼí Community Office of Equality in that many men in the Baháʼí community play an active role in working towards gender equality.

National exposure
From the 1980s onward various personalities associated with the Baháʼí Faith have been national figures in Australia. Combined with the swelling membership the religion has emerged from obscurity in Australia on national level. The first mark of this emergence is probably a graduate of the University of Sydney, Tom Price. He was musical director of the Sydney Baháʼí Temple Choir in Australia for 14 years and became well known in Australia when he produced and co-wrote the double-platinum Bad Habits album by singer Billy Field, which was the largest selling album in Australia in 1981. Price went on eventually to be director of the 420-voice choir and 90-piece symphony orchestra for the second Baháʼí World Congress in New York in 1992 and many other notable events. In 1986 Jack Malardy and his wife, tribal leaders of the Karadjari, joined the religion. In the mid and late 1990s Cathy Freeman added some awareness of the religion in Australia as an Aboriginal Olympic medalist who grew up as a Baháʼí. In 2001 the 2nd edition of A Practical Reference to Religious Diversity for Operational Police and Emergency Services added the Baháʼí Faith in its coverage of religions in Australia. A TV medical-drama called MDA - Medical Defense Australia, which went on the air on 23 July 2002 through 2005 with an ongoing Baháʼí character, Layla Young, played by a non-Baháʼí actress Petra Yared. And Luke McPharlin has been visible as a distinguished Australian footballer who mentioned his spiritual beliefs in his reasons for his sportsmanship. In 2015 news articles appeared covering various people - a singer, a refugee family, and a community elder.

Size and Demographics
The 1996 Census had an optional question on religion that 74% of respondents answered, and of those, 8,947 indicated Baháʼí. The community was counted by census in 2001 to be about 11,000 individuals. Census data from 2016 reported 13,988. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Database) estimated some 19,365 Baháʼís in 2010.

The community of Whitehorse had some 200 Baháʼís in 2008. In 1998 Baháʼís in the state of Victoria celebrated their 75th anniversary and counted approximately 1600 adults, youth, and children, organised in more than 50 communities, with 29 local assemblies in the Melbourne metropolitan area with public events where hundreds of people come.

In 2008 the Tasmanian Baháʼí community neared the opening of its Baháʼí Center in Hobart with assemblies in Clarence, Devonport, Glenorchy, Kingborough and Launceston and more than 300 on the island.

See also
Religion in Australia
Baháʼí Faith in New Zealand
Baháʼí statistics
List of religious populations

Publications
Letters from the Guardian to Australia and New Zealand Author: Shoghi Effendi, Source: Australia, 1971 reprint.
Arohanui: Letters from Shoghi Effendi to New Zealand Author: Shoghi Effendi Source: Baháʼí Publishing Trust of Suva, Fiji Islands, 1982 edition.
The History of the Baháʼí Faith in Australia (flash video)
 The Randwick Bahai Community The Randwick Bahai Community: a A Survey of 75 years, by Graham Hassall, published by the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Randwick, Oct 1997.

References

External links
Official website
Canberra Baháʼí Community
Far North Coast Baháʼí Community
Melville Baháʼí Community
Perth Baháʼí Community
Shellharbour Baháʼí Community

Soul Food, initiative of the Baháʼí Communities of South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia.
Yerringbool Baháʼí Center of Learning (formerly Yerringbool Baháʼí School)
Australian Baháʼí Youth online portal.
University of Melbourne Baháʼí Society
University of Wollongong Baháʼí Society
 Baháʼí Choral Festival


{{Infobox military unit
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|commander1= President Joe Biden(Commander-in-Chief)Frank Kendall III(Secretary of the Air Force)Governor John Bel Edwards''(Governor of the State of Louisiana)
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|commander2= Colonel Pat Griffin, Director of Staff, LA ANG
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The Louisiana Air National Guard (LA ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is, along with the Louisiana Army National Guard, an element of the Louisiana National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Louisiana Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Louisiana through the office of the Louisiana Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Louisiana Air National Guard is headquartered at the Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans, and its commander is Colonel Pat Griffin.

Under the "Total Force" concept, Louisiana Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF). Louisiana ANG units are trained and equipped by the U.S. Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Louisiana Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal reserve obligations, as state militia units the elements of the Louisiana ANG are subject to being activated by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

History
The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units.

The Louisiana Air National Guard origins date to 2 Mar 1941 with the establishment of the 122d Observation Squadron and is the oldest unit of the Louisiana Air National Guard.   It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.  On 1 October 1941, the 122d Observation Squadron was activated into federal service as part of the build-up of the Army Air Forces prior to the Attack on Pearl Harbor.

On 24 May 1946, the United States Army Air Forces, in response to dramatic postwar military budget cuts imposed by President Harry S. Truman, allocated inactive unit designations to the National Guard Bureau for the formation of an Air Force National Guard. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units.

The modern Louisiana ANG received federal recognition on 5 December 1946 as the 122d Bombardment Squadron (Light)''' at New Orleans Lakefront Airport.  It was equipped with B-26 Invaders and was assigned to Tactical Air Command.  18 September 1947, however, is considered the Louisiana Air National Guard's official birth concurrent with the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate branch of the United States military under the National Security Act.

In 1957, the B-26s were replaced with F-86L Sabre Interceptors and the mission was changed to the air defense of the state.  In 1958, the 122d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 159th Fighter Interceptor Group was established by the National Guard Bureau on 1 April 1958.

Since its inception, the Louisiana ANG has participated in World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Northern Watch, Operation Southern Watch, Kosovo, Operation Noble Eagle, Air Expeditionary Force Deployments, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and the Global War on Terrorism.

Components

The Louisiana Air National Guard consists of the following major unit:
 159th Fighter Wing
 Established 2 March 1941 (as: 122d Observation Squadron); operates: F-15C/D Eagle
 Stationed at: Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans
 Gained by: Air Combat Command
 The Louisiana ANG's flying unit, the 122nd Fighter Squadron, is nicknamed the "Bayou Militia" and operationally-gained by the Air Combat Command (ACC). Previously nicknamed the "Cajun Militia", and before that the "Coonass Militia." The title "Coonass Militia" was changed to "Cajun Militia" in 1992 because of concerns about its "political incorrectness". In the late 1990s the Cajun Militia title was changed to the current "Bayou Militia."

Support Unit Functions and Capabilities:
 214th Engineering & Installation Squadron, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans
 236th Combat Communications Squadron, Hammond Northshore Regional Airport
 259th Air Traffic Control Squadron, Alexandria, Louisiana
 122nd Air Support Operations Squadron, Pineville, Louisiana

State Partnership Program
Louisiana has two countries in the SPP (State Partnership Program). Belize joined the SPP with Louisiana National Guard in 1996 and Haiti in 2011.  Both of these nations fall under the area of operations of SOUTHCOM.

See also

Louisiana State Guard
Louisiana Wing Civil Air Patrol

References

 Gross, Charles J (1996), The Air National Guard and the American Military Tradition, United States Dept. of Defense,
  Louisiana Military Department website

External links

United States Air National Guard
Military in Louisiana


The Romanesque Road () is a scenic route in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt in central-east Germany. It is part of the Transromanica network, a major European Cultural Route since 2006.

Route
The route takes the form of a figure-of-eight, with a northern and a southern loop, and the city of Magdeburg as its centre, linking village churches, monasteries, cathedrals and castles built between 950 and 1250 and which therefore represent the emergence of Christianity in this part of Germany. Their Romanesque architecture can be recognised by its angular shapes and the round arches of the windows and doors as shown on the official Romanesque Road signs. As well as the specific Romanesque stops en route, there are other villages and churches to explore.

Major places of interest

Magdeburg
Cathedral
Unser Lieben Frauen monastery
St Peter's Church
St Sebastian's Church

Northern Route

Southern Route

As an incentive to raise the profile and support the economy along the Romanesque Road in the Saxony-Anhalt region there is an annual competition for the 'Romanesque Prize', worth €10,000.

See also
List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches
Romanesque art
Route Romane d'Alsace

References

External links
  Official website

German tourist routes
Tourist attractions in Saxony-Anhalt
Romanesque architecture


Seehof may refer to:

Seehof, Germany
Seehof, Switzerland


The Minnesota Air National Guard (MN ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is, along with the Minnesota Army National Guard, an element of the Minnesota National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Minnesota Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Minnesota though the office of the Minnesota Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Minnesota Air National Guard is headquartered in St. Paul, and its commander is  Major General Jon Jensen.

Overview
Under the "Total Force" concept, Minnesota Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF).  Minnesota ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Minnesota Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal reserve obligations, as state militia units the elements of the Minnesota ANG are subject to being activated by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

Components
The Minnesota Air National Guard consists of the following major units:
 133rd Airlift Wing
 Established  17 January 1921 (as: 109th Observation Squadron); operates: C-130H3 Hercules
 Stationed at: Minneapolis–Saint Paul Joint Air Reserve Station
 Gained by: Air Mobility Command
 The 133rd Airlift Wing is an air transport organization flying C-130H Hercules tactical airlifters. Its normal flying operations include air-drop training and transport missions.

 148th Fighter Wing
 Established 17 September 1948 (as: 179th Fighter Squadron); operates: F-16 Fighting Falcon
 Stationed at: Duluth Air National Guard Base
 Gained by: Air Combat Command
 The 148th Fighter Wing provides air defense of the northern great lakes and over the state of Minnesota.

History
The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command.

On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units. Following that announcement, the Assistant Adjutant General for Minnesota, Lt Col William Garis, met with T. Glenn Harrison, a reporter, and Ray S. Miller, a First World War pilot, to discuss plans for a Minnesota National Guard aviation unit. With the backing of the Minnesota Adjutant General, Brig. Gen. Walter Rhinow, Harrison and Miller formed, on paper, the 109th Squadron, a unit without Federal status. In addition to Rhinow, the initiative had high-level backing in the form of Minnesota Governor Joseph Burnquist.

On 26 September 1920, encouraged by Governor Burnquist, Brig. Gen. Rhinow, Lt. Col. Garis, and now Captain Ray Miller set out in a rented Curtiss Oriole from St. Paul to Washington DC to lobby the Militia Bureau and the Army Air Service to create an aviation arm for the National Guard. The unprecedented journey took eight days, the trio landing on October 2. In meetings with various military officials, including Brig. Gen Billy Mitchell, then assistant chief of the Air Service, the trio evoked interest and garnered support for Minnesota National Guard aviation. Seemingly as a result, on 17 January 1921 the 109th Squadron was federally recognized, the first National Guard flying unit to achieve such status post-war. The unit was redesignated the 109th Observation Squadron on 25 January 1923.

The 116th Observation Squadron was ordered into active service on 10 February 1941 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II.  The squadron was sent to Europe, initially flying the Supermarine Spitfire Mk.V, and later reconnaissance missions with the North American F-6 Mustang. During the Korean War Minnesota's Air Guard was also activated, contributing pilots to active wings in Korea.

On 24 May 1946, the United States Army Air Forces, in response to dramatic postwar military budget cuts imposed by President Harry S. Truman, allocated inactive unit designations to the National Guard Bureau for the formation of an Air Force National Guard. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units.

The modern Minnesota ANG received federal recognition on 28 August 1947 as the 109th Fighter Squadron at Wold-Chamberlain Field, Minneapolis. It was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. 18 September 1947, however, is considered the Minnesota Air National Guard's official birth concurrent with the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate branch of the United States military under the National Security Act.

In the 1950s and early 1960 both units of the 179th Fighter Interceptor Squadron in Duluth and 109th Fighter Interceptor Squadron in St. Paul were providing active air defense commitments with 24-hour alert status. Threats by the Soviet Union to oust Western troops from West Berlin in 1961 prompted the Berlin Crisis and a call-up of selected National Guard forces throughout the U.S.

Included in this mobilization were members and Boeing C-97G Stratofreighters of the 133rd Air Transport Wing, who served in federal active service for 11 months while operating out of their home station at the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport.

During the Vietnam War, although never officially mobilized, the Air Guard flew hundreds of supply and transport missions to Southeast Asia.

The Minnesota Air National Guard was also activated after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Immediately after the attack on New York City and Washington, D.C., F-16s from the 148th Fighter Wing flew combat air patrols over key locations. The 133rd Airlift Wing also provided airlift during the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021).

See also

 Minnesota Naval Militia
 Minnesota State Guard
 Minnesota Wing Civil Air Patrol

References

 Gross, Charles J (1996), The Air National Guard and the American Military Tradition, United States Dept. of Defense,
 Minnesota Air National Guard website

External links

 Minnesota Air National Guard Units
 Minnesota Air National Guard Museum
 133rd Airlift Wing (official website)
 148th Fighter Wing (official website)

United States Air National Guard
Minnesota National Guard


Roggenburg may refer to:

Roggenburg, Bavaria, Germany
Roggenburg Abbey, in Roggenburg, Bavaria
Roggenburg, Basel-Country, a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.
Roggenburg, Schwyz, an island in Lake Lauerz in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland


The Right Stuff or Right Stuff may refer to:

Books
 The Right Stuff (book) (1979), by Tom Wolfe about the U.S. manned space program

Film and TV
 The Right Stuff (film) (1983), based on the book
 "The Right Stuff" (House) (2007), episode in the American series
 The Right Stuff (TV series) (2020), based on the book

Media
 The Right Stuff (blog), a neo-Nazi and white supremacist media outlet and blog
 Right Stuff (company), 1990s Japanese video-game company
 Right Stuf Inc., Western distributor of anime and other Asian video media
 The Right Stuff (dating web site)
 The Right Stuff (dating app), a dating app for American conservatives

Music
 The Right Stuff Records, a record label

Albums
 The Right Stuff (album), by Vanessa Williams, 1988
 The Right Stuff, by Stuff, 1996

Songs
 "The Right Stuff" (Bryan Ferry song), 1987
 "The Right Stuff" (Vanessa Williams song), 1988
 "You Got It (The Right Stuff)", by New Kids on the Block, 1988
 "The Right Stuff", by Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds from Chasing Yesterday, 2015
 "The Right Stuff", by Robert Calvert from Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters, 1974

See also
 The Wright Stuff, a British television chat show
 The Write Stuff, a British radio quiz programme


The Post-War Dream is the eighth book by American author Mitch Cullin and was published by Random House in March 2008.

Initial reviews of the novel were mixed, with Kirkus Reviews calling it "a misstep in Cullin's unpredictable, adventurous and, alas, frustratingly uneven oeuvre," and Publishers Weekly dismissing the work as "sterile."  But subsequent pre-publication reviews from Booklist, Library Journal, and The Denver Post were positive.

In the March 16 edition of the Los Angeles Times Book Review and, simultaneously published, the Chicago Tribune, critic Donna Seaman praised the book, stating:  "In this exacting, suspenseful, elegiac yet life-embracing novel, Cullin reminds us that no boundaries separate the personal and communal, the past and present, the false and true."

Footnotes

2008 American novels
Novels by Mitch Cullin
Native American novels


John Donald Abney (March 10, 1923 – January 27, 2000) was an American jazz pianist.

Early life
Abney was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied piano and french horn at the Manhattan School of Music. He joined the United States Army where he played the French horn in the army band and achieved the rank of technician fifth grade.

Later life and career
After returning from the army he played in ensembles with Wilbur de Paris, Bill Harris, Kai Winding, Chuck Wayne, Sy Oliver, and Louis Bellson. He had a sustained career as a session musician, playing on recordings for Louis Armstrong, Benny Carter, Oscar Pettiford, Ella Fitzgerald, Carmen McRae, Sarah Vaughan, Eartha Kitt, and Pearl Bailey. He also played on many recordings for more minor musicians and on R&B, pop, rock, and doo wop releases.

After moving to Hollywood, he worked as a musical director for Universal Studios/MCA. He appeared as a pianist in the film Pete Kelly's Blues behind Ella Fitzgerald. Additional credits include recording and arrangements for the film Lady Sings the Blues. He toured with Anita O'Day in the 1980s. Early in the 1990s, he moved to Japan and toured there with considerable success, playing weekly at the Sanno Hotel in Tokyo. Upon his return to the United States on January 20 2000, he died of complications from kidney dialysis in Los Angeles, California. He was interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery, in Burbank, California. He is survived by 5 children.

Discography

As sideman
With Ella Fitzgerald
Ella at Zardi's (Verve, 2017)
With Louis Bellson
Louis Bellson Quintet (Norgran, 1954)
Drumorama! (Verve, 1957)
Louis Bellson at The Flamingo (Verve, 1957)
With Benny Carter
Benny Carter Plays Pretty (Norgran, 1954)
New Jazz Sounds (Norgran, 1954)
Moonglow: Love Songs by Benny Carter and his Orchestra (Verve, 1957)
With Harry Edison
"Sweets" for the Sweet (Sue, 1964)
With Carmen McRae
Birds of a Feather (Decca, 1958)
With Oscar Pettiford
Another One (Bethlehem, 1955)
With Al Sears
Rockin' in Rhythm (Swingville, 1960) as The Swingville All-Stars with Taft Jordan and Hilton Jefferson
Swing's the Thing (Swingsville, 1960)
With Carol Sloane
As Time Goes By  (Four Star, 1990)

References

[ Don Abney] at Allmusic

1923 births
2000 deaths
Musicians from Baltimore
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
American session musicians
20th-century American pianists
Jazz musicians from Maryland
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
United States Army soldiers


Lionel's Kingdom (Turma da Mata) is a Brazilian comic strip created in 1961 and part of the Monica's Gang comic strips.

The series features anthropomorphic animals who almost all walking on two feet (except for Tim Turtle), wear clothes, and obviously, are able to speak. Their home is a forest, presumably in Brazil, although featuring mostly African animals. Originally the strips began with the protagonist character McFox (Raposão), but over the years with the popularity and constant protagonism of other characters, comics have gone untitled for many years until being renamed to the current title.

Characters
 Thunder (Jotalhão) – Although the English name of this set of characters is given after Lionel, Thunder is the true main character in most stories. He is a green elephant, with human-like hands, and one of the most beloved characters created by Mauricio de Sousa. He is very shy, calm, and a pacifist. Thunder was originally created in 1962 as a symbol of the letter "J" of the newspaper Jornal do Brasil, thus deriving his original name Jotalhão which is a augmentative of Jota (Portuguese for J), but the character ended up not being used and was later introduced as a support character for McFox in newspaper comics in 1965. He is also used as spokestoon for the tomato sauce brand Elefante since 1968, originally derived from a newspaper strip joke involving him and Monica, but that eventually aroused interest for CICA (a defunct and now Unilever-owned  Brazilian food company) to partner with Mauricio de Sousa to use the characters in TV commercials. Due to his popularity he often appears together Monica and other characters in products and comics based in Monica's Gang.
 King Lionel (Rei Leonino) - The king of the forest. This brown lion feels really pleased to be occupying the throne and to be giving orders to his vassals, although he's not a dictator or an authoritarian. He lives in his palace, which is actually a cavern, protected by monkey-guards.
 Lou Courier (Ministro Luís Caxeiro) – Lionel's most important and loyal vassal and employee. Although he is officially the Minister of Come & Go, he serves Lionel more like a secretary. He serves as a messenger between Lionel and his kingdom, and vice versa, making him also a spokesman. Lou is a blue hedgehog.
 Tim Turtle (Tarugo) – One of Thunder's best friends. This green jabuti wears glasses, and has his head coming out of a "sunroof" in the middle of his carapace, instead of the front edge, as a normal jabuti. Also, he has wheels instead of feet (although initially he would have normal feet). His Portuguese name is a pun on the word "Tartaruga", which means Turtle in that language.
 McFox (Raposão) – Thunder's best friend, a smart fox
 Ant Rita (Rita Najura) – A small purple ant. She has a crush on Thunder, despite the differences between them, either in size, either in species, and her attempts include creating traps for him to marry her against his will. Rita's attempts to date Thunder are almost the only subject of her strips - a similar situation to that of Piteco and Tooga, characters of another set related to Monica's Gang. Her Portuguese name is a joke on the word tanajura (Atta), a Brazilian species of ant.
  Mr. Zig Zag (Coelho Caolho) – This rabbit also wears glasses, has crossed ears, and lives under the ground, on a burrow filled with his uncountable children, a reference to the high rates of reproduction of rabbits. The official number of children is 118, although there are no instances where all 118 appear together.

Media
Besides the TV commercials, Thunder also appears in films like As Novas Aventuras da Turma da Mônica, O Natal de Todos Nós and Cine Gibi: O Filme usually along the Monica's Gang characters. In 1971 a song to Thunder was composed for the album "A Bandinha da Turma da Mônica", in 1987 another song for Thunder was composed for the album "Turma da Mônica", entitled O Elefante mais Amado do Brasil (lit. The Most Loved Elephant in Brazil, an allusion to Thunder's high popularity in commercials).

The series also had two special comic books in the '90s by Editora Globo, and also a almanac with classic stories that was published by Panini Comics between 2010 and 2014, the latter starring alongside The Tribe. The characters have also appeared in the fourth issue of Monica Teen; redesigned in a manga-esque style being part of a dimension called Tchalu, represented at first as a feudal Japanese people, but in later issues the characters make cameos with a design more similar to original version.

In 2015 a graphical novel based on the characters titled: Turma da Mata: Muralha, was published as part of the Graphic MSP, being illustrated and written by Roger Cruz, Davi Calil and Artur Fujita. Thunder, Ant Rita and McFox also appears in some episodes of the webcartoon Monica Toy, with one of the episodes under the title Jotalhão Toy.

Thunder is also playable character in the 2018 game Mônica e a Guarda dos Coelhos.

In the live-action movie Turma da Mônica: Laços Thunder has a cameo as a plush in Jimmy Five's room.

References

 Lionel's Kingdom at Mônica’s Gang official website

External links
 Official Monica’s Gang website
 Official Monica’s Gang website
 The famous TV commercial featuring Thunder at YouTube

1961 comics debuts
Brazilian comic strips
Humor comics
Monica and Friends
Fictional ants
Elephants in literature
Comics about foxes
Fictional hedgehogs
Lions in literature
Fictional kings
Comics about rabbits and hares
Turtles in literature
Comics set in Brazil
Comics set in forests
Comics characters introduced in 1961


Heaven is the debut album of British neo soul singer Jason Rowe, performing under the name Jai. The album was released on 11 November 1997. While well-reviewed, it would be Rowe's only album for nearly ten years, with Rowe later releasing his second album, Lovelife, under his full name in February 2007.

The album includes covers of the Arthur Hamilton standard "Cry Me a River", as well as "Magnolia", an early song of J. J. Cale's. "I Believe", which was a moderate hit in the United States, was included in a special song collection compact disc sold around the same time by fashion retailer Banana Republic. A music video directed by Paul Boyd for "I Believe" aired successively on The Box, VH1, and MuchMusic from August 1997 through February 1998.

There are two versions of the album, the alternate having been released in Europe. The cover art is virtually the same for both; in the European release, Jai's face is positioned at the center and occupies the entire frame, and his name and the album's title appear in the lower-left corner with the title both reduced in size and superimposed over his name. More significantly, alternate takes of the songs "Heaven" and "Wishing the Rain Away" appear on these different versions.

Critical reception

The Allmusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine awarded the album four out of five stars, describing it as "a stylish amalgam of jazzy sophisti-pop, Motown, swinging '60s rock, trip hop and contemporary soul. While the songwriting in Heaven is uneven, Jai's voice is consistently thrilling, soaring to new soulful heights. That voice – along with songs that show how powerful his updated blue-eyed soul can be, like "I Believe" and "Don't Give Me Away" — is what makes Heaven such a promising and successful debut."

Track listing

Credits

Personnel
Jai (Jason Rowe) – lead and backing vocals
Christopher Bemand – keyboards
Joel Bogen – guitar, keyboards
Andy Duncan – percussion ("Heaven")
The Electra Strings – strings ("Don't Give Me Away" and "Wishing the Rain Away")
Pete Giordino – Hammond organ ("Heaven")
Preston Heyman – percussion
Paul Hirsch – Hammond organ
Honey – barking ("Open")
Larry Fifield – additional backing vocals
Claudia Fontaine – backing vocals
Tony Ford – backing vocals
John Miller – additional drums ("Magnolia")
Olivia – small child ("Don't Give Me Away")
Chuck Sabo – drums
Jason Silver – piano and Rhodes piano ("Magnolia"); additional backing vocals
Phil Spalding – bass

Production
Christopher Bemand – programming
Joel Bogen – producer, programming
Paul Boswell – agent
Andy Duncan – additional programming ("Heaven")
Steve Fitzmaurice – mixing
Dave Novik – A&R
Dick O'Dell – management
Chris Porter – additional production and mixing ("Heaven")
Stylorouge – design
Norman Watson – cover photograph
Rob Watson – additional programming ("Don't Give Me Away" and "You Split Me")
Tim Young – mastering (Metropolis, UK)
Leon Zervos – mastering (Absolute Audio, USA)

Charts
A couple of months following its release, Heaven made a brief appearance on the Billboard Heatseekers Album Chart during the week of 31 January 1998, where it ranked at number 49.

Notes

References

External links

1997 albums
Jason Rowe albums
Music videos directed by Paul Boyd
RCA Records albums


L'autre is a VHS recorded by the French singer Mylène Farmer, containing all the singer's videoclips from 1991 to 1992. It was released in September 1992 in France.

This VHS includes all the videos from the third studio album L'autre... This fourth music video was not entitled Les Clips Vol. IV, but was named L'autre... since the videoclips available on this VHS are these of the fourth singles from this album.

This VHS content is also included on the DVD Music Videos I.

Formats

This video was released on VHS and Laserdisc.

Track listings

+ Backstage of the videos "Désenchantée" (14:23).

Credits and personnel

 Videos directed by Laurent Boutonnat
 Backstage filmed by François Hanss

Certifications and sales

References

Mylène Farmer video albums
1992 video albums


The Dos Rios AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in northern Mendocino County, California.  The appellation is located near the confluence of the Eel River and the Middle Fork of the Eel River. The name of the appellation is Spanish for "two rivers".  The location would have a warm climate if not for constant breezes from the Pacific Ocean.  The soil in Dos Rios is more infertile than other regions in the county.  Only one winery, Vin de Tevis, currently operates within the boundaries of the AVA.

See also
Mendocino County wine

References

External links
 Dos Rios AVA: Wine-Searcher

American Viticultural Areas
American Viticultural Areas of California
American Viticultural Areas of Mendocino County, California
2005 establishments in California


The Kansas Air National Guard (KS ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Kansas, United States of America. It is, along with the Kansas Army National Guard, an element of the Kansas National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Kansas Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Kansas through the office of the Adjutant General of Kansas unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Kansas Air National Guard is headquartered in Topeka, and its commander is  Brigadier General Bradley S. Link.

Overview
Under the "Total Force" concept, Kansas Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF).   Kansas ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized.  In addition, the Kansas Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal reserve obligations, as state militia units the elements of the Kansas ANG are subject to being activated by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

Components
The Kansas Air National Guard consists of the following major units:
 190th Air Refueling Wing
 Established 23 February 1957 (as: 117th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron); operates: KC-135R Stratotanker
 Stationed at: Forbes Field Air National Guard Base, Topeka
 Gained by: Air Mobility Command
 The 190th ARW provides worldwide air refueling support to major commands of the United States Air Force, as well as other U.S. military forces and the military forces of allied nations flying the KC-135 Stratotanker.

 184th Intelligence Wing
 Established 4 Aug 1941 (as: 127th Observation Squadron)
 Stationed at: McConnell Air Force Base, Wichita
 Gained by: Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency
 The 184th IW  provides wartime support in the form of collecting and analyzing intelligence. Some unit members deploy overseas to augment active duty forces.

History
The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units.

The Kansas Air National Guard origins date to 4 August 1941 with the establishment of the 127th Observation Squadron. It is oldest unit of the Kansas Air National Guard.   It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. Initially the squadron had 115 men in its ranks. It was, however, still short of officers since it only had nine officers but was authorized a total of thirty-one. Moved to Sherman Field at Fort Leavenworth, by November 1941 the squadron had one BE-1, one O-47A, one O-38E and several L-1's. All of the aircraft were single engine observation/liaison planes.   The 127th Observation Squadron was ordered into active service on 6 October 1941 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps.

In 1946, the United States Army Air Forces, in response to dramatic postwar military budget cuts, imposed by President Harry S. Truman, allocated inactive unit designations to the National Guard Bureau for the formation of an Air Force National Guard. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State Air National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units.

The modern Kansas Air National Guard received federal recognition on 7 September 1946 as the 127th Fighter Squadron at Wichita Municipal Airport, Wichita.  It was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state.  18 September 1947, however, is considered the Kansas Air National Guard's official birth concurrent with the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate branch of the United States military under the National Security Act  On 23 February 1957, the 117th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, was federally recognized at Hutchinson Air National Guard Base, Hutchinson, equipped with F-80C Shooting Star jet interceptors.

On 1 October 1962 the 127th Tactical Fighter Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 184th Tactical Fighter Group was allotted by the National Guard Bureau, extended federal recognition and activated.  That same year, the 117th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was expanded on 15 October and the 190th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was federally recognized.

Today the 184th Intelligence Wing (IW) at McConnell Air Force Base provide wartime support in the form of collecting and analyzing intelligence.  The 190th Air Refueling Wing (ARW) at Forbes Field AGB, Topeka, provides global reach for the United States Air Force through the in-flight refueling of fighters, bombers and other aircraft using the KC-135 Stratotankers.

After the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, elements of every Air National Guard unit in Kansas have been activated in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Flight crews, aircraft maintenance personnel, communications technicians, air controllers and air security personnel were engaged in Operation Noble Eagle air defense overflights of major United States cities.  Also, Kansas ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed.

See also

Kansas State Guard
Kansas Wing Civil Air Patrol

References

 Gross, Charles J (1996), The Air National Guard and the American Military Tradition, United States Dept. of Defense,
 Kansas Adjutant General website

External links

Military in Kansas
United States Air National Guard
Military units and formations established in 1947
1947 establishments in Kansas


Joannes Bunderius (or van der Bundere; 1482 – 8 January 1557) was a Flemish Catholic theologian and critic of Protestantism. He was born and died in Ghent.

He entered the Dominican Order in his native city about 1500, and after having made his religious profession was sent to Leuven to pursue his studies in philosophy and theology. He obtained the degree of Lector in Sacred Theology, and in 1517 returned to Ghent, where, until near the close of his life, he taught philosophy and theology. While occupied in teaching he filled the office of Prior of the convent of Ghent three times (1529–35; 1550–53), and discharged the duties of General Inquisitor of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tournai. As inquisitor he was untiring in his efforts to check the spread of Lutheranism, Calvinism, and the views of the Mennonites; but always used prudence in his dealings with those he saw as heretics.

While prior of the convent of Ghent for the first time, he formed a federation of religious orders in that city for the safeguarding of the faith of the people and of the preservation of the rights of the Catholic Church and the privileges of the monastic orders. In recognition of his ability as a preacher and as a reward for his long work in the pulpit a general chapter of his order conferred upon him the degree of Preacher General. Of his writings, which are nearly all of a polemical character, the most notable are:

Compendium dissidii quorundam hereticorum (Paris, 1540–43, 1545);
Compendium concertationis hujus saeculi sapientium et theologorum (Paris, 1549, Venice, 1553, etc.). After the author's death, this work was frequently published under the title: Compendium rerum theologarum, quae hodie in controversia agitantur;
Detectio nugarum Lutheri cum declaratione veritatis Catholicae (Louvain, 1551);
De Vero Christi baptismo contra Mennonem Anabaptistarum principe (Louvain, 1553).

References

1482 births
1557 deaths
Flemish Dominicans
Roman Catholic theologians of the Habsburg Netherlands
Clergy from Ghent
Roman Catholic priests from the Habsburg Netherlands


Maillet may refer to:

People
 Andrée Maillet (1921–1995), Quebec writer
 Antonine Maillet (born 1929), Acadian novelist and playwright
 Benoît de Maillet (1656–1738), French diplomat
 Eddy Maillet (born 1967), Seychellois football referee
 Jacques Maillet (1926–2019), French rower
 Jacques-Léonard Maillet (1823–1894), French academic sculptor
 Nathalie Maillet (1970–2021), French architect and racecar driver
 Philippe Maillet (born 1992), Canadian ice hockey player
 Quentin Fillon Maillet (born 1992), French biathlete
 Robert Maillet (born 1969), Canadian actor and retired professional wrestler

Places
 Maillet, Allier, a former commune in the department of Allier
 Maillet, Indre, a commune in the department of Indre
 Mailly-Maillet, a commune in the department of Somme

Other uses
 Maillet's determinant, in mathematics
 SFCA Maillet, range of aeroplane models


Maillet (Auvergnat: Malhet) is a former commune in the Allier department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Haut-Bocage.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Former communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Malicorne (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Marcenat may refer to the following places in France:

 Marcenat, Allier, a commune in the department of Allier
 Marcenat, Cantal, a commune in the department of Cantal


Marcenat is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Radostin Lyubomirov Stanev (; born 11 July 1975 in Varna) is a former Bulgarian football player who played as a goalkeeper.

Career

In Bulgaria
Stanev started his career in Varna in the local Spartak. In 1998, he played for six months in CSKA Sofia. After that he signed with Lokomotiv Sofia.  Between January 2008 and May 2008 Stanev played again in Spartak Varna. In June 2008 he signed with newly promoted Lokomotiv Mezdra.

Foreign clubs
In January 2002 Stanev signed with a club from Poland – KP Legia Warsaw. The next year he went to Russia and played one season for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl. In 2004, he signed with the Romanian FC Progresul București. In his first months in Romania he grew at odds with his coach, and for two years played only in 9 matches. In June 2006 his contract with FC Progresul București was rejected and he signed with Aris Limassol F.C.

External links

1975 births
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
Bulgarian men's footballers
Bulgarian expatriate men's footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Russian Premier League players
Ekstraklasa players
Liga I players
Cypriot First Division players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
FC Spartak Varna players
FC Shinnik Yaroslavl players
Aris Limassol FC players
FC Lokomotiv Mezdra players
FC Progresul București players
Legia Warsaw players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Footballers from Varna, Bulgaria


Carlsberg may refer to:

Places
 Carlsberg (district), a district in Copenhagen, Denmark
 Carlsberg station, its train station
 Carlsberg, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
 Carlsberg Fjord, Greenland

Other uses
 Carlsberg Group, a Danish brewing company founded in 1847
 Carlsberg Lager
 Carlsberg Foundation, a Carlsberg Group shareholder and funder of the Carlsberg Laboratory
 Carlsberg Laboratory, a Danish laboratory for advancing biochemical knowledge
 Carlsberg Cup, a competition organized by the Portuguese League for Professional Football
 5890 Carlsberg, an asteroid

See also
 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, an art museum in Copenhagen, Denmark
 Karlsberg (disambiguation)


The Moon of Israel (, or "The Queen of the Slaves") is a 1924 Austrian epic film. It was directed by Mihaly Kertész (later Michael Curtiz). The script was written by Ladislaus Vajda, based on H. Rider Haggard's 1918 novel Moon of Israel, which in its turn was inspired by the Biblical story of the Exodus.

It was this film that brought Kertész to the attention of the studio head Jack L. Warner, who invited him to Hollywood in 1926, where he rapidly became Michael Curtiz and made a career with the Warner Studios.

Shooting took place in Vienna with about 5,000 extras, in the studios of Sascha-Film, and outdoors in the Laaer Berg park area. The premiere was on 24 October 1924. The restored complete version of the film, which was thought to be entirely lost for many years, was first shown on 26 February 2005 in the Wiener Metro Kino.

Story
In about the year 1230 BC the Israelites are in slavery in Egypt. At this difficult time the Jewish slave-girl Merapi falls in love with Prince Seti, son of the Pharaoh Menapta. This socially inappropriate love leads to numerous problems, which can nevertheless be resolved. At the end of the film Moses leads his people through the Red Sea and into freedom.

Production
One of the most outstanding scenes is the parting of the Red Sea by Moses (Hans Marr). Since at the same time the American film The Ten Commandments was being made, which also featured the parting of the Red Sea, the Viennese team took extraordinary care over this scene out of fear of superior American special effects technology. In the final version, thanks to subsequent trick editing, the gigantic wooden construction, designed to release  of water from both sides at once, is unrecognisable. The water poured into a closed wooden trough  square and  deep on the Laaer Berg park in Vienna. The walls of water to either side were modelled out of plaster, which looked completely realistic on black-and-white film. One single take could now depict both the parting and the closing of the sea: for the former, the shot was simply spliced into the film in reverse.

The actors were filmed in the dry and overwhelmed by the "sea" later, during the editing. When, a few weeks after the Sklavenkönigin opened, the competing film was also in the cinemas, it came as a surprise that the parting of the Red Sea was considerably more realistic in the Austrian production. It was not only the Viennese critics who noted this: even Hollywood colleagues expressed their amazement that in this regard Laaer Berg had outdone Hollywood.

The director of Sascha-Film, Arnold Pressburger, assisted the film director Michael Kertész as artistic director. The assistant director was Arthur Gottlein. The cameramen Max Nekut Gustav Ucicky and Hans Theyer were supported by Sascha Kolowrat-Krakowsky, the film's producer, as technical director.

The film is supposed to have cost 1.5 billion Kronen. The true value of the sum is admittedly relativised by the constant high inflation that raged until the mid-1920s. Still, nevertheless it is one of the highest outlays ever for an Austrian film. Sascha-Film was only able to obtain credit from their bank against the personal security provided by Sascha Kolowrat-Krakowsky. The reason for this was partly the high production costs, but also the film's very risky economic prospects - many Austrian film production companies, after several boom years, had gone bankrupt. Austrian production companies were less and less able to stand up to the strong competition of cheap foreign imports, particularly from the United States. Additionally, inflation was receding, which made Austrian films more expensive abroad, after a period in which film export had flourished, thanks to the weak currency. Besides, the high period of the epic film was gradually passing - the sensation value of the enormous crowd scenes and of scantily clad actresses was falling.

Cast
María Corda as Merapi, The Moon of Israel
Adelqui Migliar (as Adelqui Millar) as Prinz Seti
Arlette Marchal as Userti
Ferdinand Bonn as Ana
Oskar Beregi Sr. as Amenmeses
Adolf Weisse as Pharaoh Menapta
Hans Marr as Moses
Reinhold Häussermann as Pampasa
Georges Haryton as Laban
Emil Heise as Khi, the High Priest
Boris Baranoff as Merapi's father
Hans Thimig

Sets and costumes
The sets and buildings were created by Artur Berger and Emil Stepanek, who already had experience of monumental epics, having worked on the greatest film structure in Austrian film history, the Tower of Babel in Sodom und Gomorrha of 1922. The costumes were by Remigius Geyling. The great majority of the cast were very simply dressed, but the palace residents and the priests had some of the most imaginative and creative costumes of the silent film period.

Background
Like other films of the period the Die Sklavenkönigin was inspired by the Egyptomania that was sweeping the world after the discovery of the intact tomb and treasures of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The female lead, for once, was not the director's wife, as in most of Michael Kertész's previous films: Lucy Doraine was by this time divorced from him, and so the starring role went to María Corda, the wife of his competitor Alexander Korda, who was also making epics in Vienna at this time.

The premiere took place in the Eos-Kino, in which Sascha-Film had an interest. For the occasion the cinema was done up in Ancient Egyptian style and decorated with pictures of gods and statues of warriors.

Versions
The black-and-white silent 35 mm film, 2,300 metres long, had a sound track added in 1932 by the Selenophon Licht- und Tonbildgesellschaft; without the inter-titles it was only 2,074 metres long.

In 2005 using a positive print on a nitrate base of the English edition from the British Film Institute, the film was restored by the Filmarchiv Austria, thus re-creating a print of excellent quality with English inter-titles which was used for the reconstruction of the German version, with added music by the leading Austrian silent film pianist Gerhard Gruber.

Critics
 Paimann's Filmlisten, October 1924: "In the foreground is the lavish and totally successful composition of the image, its impressive crowd scenes and the impressive structures which are made real by a photography beyond all reproach. The subject is dramatically effective, with many beautiful moments, while the direction is not exhausting in tempo."
 Paimann's Filmlisten gave another, indirect, critique in its edition of 11 September 1925 while discussing the US epic The Ten Commandments: "the technical execution, particularly in the coloured scenes, is highly praiseworthy, although we have already seen the Crossing of Red Sea done better in a Viennese film."
 The New York Times, 29 June 1927: "There is naturally much that is mindful of Cecil B. DeMille’s Film The Ten Commandments in The Moon Of Israel, but Mr. Curtiz fortunately has no modern story to tack on to his Egyptian passages. This is an excellent production."

See also
 Michael Curtiz filmography

Notes

References
 Gottlein, Arthur, 1976: Der österreichische Film - ein Bilderbuch. Vienna: Österreichische Gesellschaft für Filmwissenschaft, Kommunikations- u. Medienforschung
 Imaginierte Antike - österreichische Monumental-Stummfilme, Historienbilder und Geschichtskonstruktionen in Sodom und Gomorrha, Samson und Delila, Die Sklavenkönigin und Salammbô. Vienna: Verlag Filmarchiv Austria, 2002

External links

 Deutsches Filminstitut: censorship decisions on Die Sklavenkönigin

1924 films
1920s historical drama films
1924 drama films
Austrian historical drama films
Austrian silent feature films
Austrian black-and-white films
Films based on works by H. Rider Haggard
Films directed by Michael Curtiz
Films produced by Arnold Pressburger
Films set in ancient Egypt
Films set in the 13th century BC
Films based on adaptations
Films based on the Book of Exodus
Portrayals of Moses in film
Religious epic films
Silent historical drama films
Silent adventure films
Austrian epic films
Silent epic films


Marigny () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Daniel Ntongi-Nzinga (born 1946) is a peace activist and Christian leader in Angola.

Ntoni-Nzinga studied at the University of Leeds before co-founding the Grupo Angolan de Reflexao para Paz (GARP), and the Inter-Ecclesiastical Committee for Peace in Angola (COIEPA) in April 2000, organizations advocating an end to the Angolan Civil War (1975-2002). He previously served as the Executive Secretary of the Evangelical Baptist church in Angola and as Secretary General of the Angolan Council of Churches.

References

1946 births
Angolan clergy
Angolan politicians
Angolan Baptists
Angolan evangelicals
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Living people


Mercy () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia