is a Japanese light novel series by Toshihiko Tsukiji, with illustrations by Senmu. The series contains 15 volumes, published by Media Factory under their MF Bunko J imprint between November 2006 and March 2010. The main series covers 12 volumes, while the remaining three are short story collections. A manga adaptation by Yu Tachibana started serialization in the April 2008 issue of Monthly Comic Alive. A 12-episode anime adaptation aired in Japan between October and December 2009 on TBS, and concluded in 2011 with Kämpfer für die Liebe.

Plot
Natsuru Senō attends a high school that separates boys from girls. He has a crush on school beauty Kaede Sakura, who has a peculiar collection of , stuffed animals styled in brutal ways of dying. One day, Natsuru discovers he has turned into a girl. His stuffed tiger named Harakiri Tora awakens and tells him that he has been chosen as a , a female fighter who must fight against other Kämpfer that are not part of their team as indicated by a colored .

Natsuru attracts the attention of various girls at school who are Kämpfer, including a shy bookworm girl, Akane Mishima, who transforms into a gunslinging loudmouth, the beautiful but scheming student council president Shizuku Sangō, and later Natsuru's childhood friend, Mikoto Kondō. Natsuru is sometimes able to change back to being a boy, but because his emotions might transform him, he must then live as a male student as well as a female student with the same name at the school while keeping his switching identity a secret. To complicate things, Sakura herself is strongly attracted to Natsuru's female form, and seems to be tied to the overall formation of the Kämpfer. Later stories involve Natsuru and the girls involved in fights with other Kämpfer groups. Originally the Kämpfer are divided into two opposing factions, Red and Blue, but the White Kämpfer are formed after a truce is reached between elements within the Red and Blue Kämpfer.

Characters

Main characters

The viewpoint character of the light novels, Natsuru is a second-year student at Seitetsu High School. He has a crush on Kaede Sakura, one of the school's beauties. At the start of the story, he discovers that he has been transformed into a girl, and learns that he has been chosen to be a Kämpfer with Zauber, or magic powers, such as casting fireballs. As a girl, he has longer hair styled in a ponytail. After a fight with Shizuku causes him to expose his Kämpfer form to other students of the school, Natsuru is enrolled as a girl of the same name at the school, quickly ranking among the school beauties Kaede and Shizuku.

She is Shizuku's childhood friend, crush and one of the Three Beauties of Seitetsu. She has a large collection of stuffed Entrails Animal series dolls and likes to present them to her friends; those who receive the dolls, however, tend to end up becoming Kämpfers. She began to develop an infatuation with Kämpfer Natsuru after being saved from Kämpfer Akane at the beginning of the series. She wields both a katana and a Beretta 93R against the Red and Blue Kämpfer coalition. Kaede is also shown to be strongly into female-female romance.

A bespectacled honor student helping in the school library and Natsuru's friend, she is also a Blue Kämpfer like Natsuru. Normally very shy and soft-spoken, she becomes the exact opposite upon transforming into a Kämpfer, becoming foul-mouthed, aggressive, violent, and trigger-happy. She is a Gewehr-("gun-" or "rifle-")type Kämpfer who uses a black Springfield M1911A1 .45 pistol and appears to be ambidextrous. Akane eventually begins to harbor romantic feelings for Natsuru.

The President of the Student Council and one of the Three Beauties of Seitetsu, she is a model honor student with a perfect attendance record. She has a calm, confident demeanor which is sometimes interpreted as cold and calculating, especially by Natsuru. She is a Red Kämpfer, which initially puts her at odds with him, and is also a Schwert-("sword-")type Kämpfer who prefers to fight wielding two short swords/daggers linked by a chain. She has a personal objective of finding the reason why Kämpfer must fight each other. She too has feelings for Natsuru.

Natsuru's widely-travelled, energetic childhood friend who only recently reunited with him due to her father being an archaeologist who lives and widely travels abroad. As a result of her lifestyle, she has become a highly adventurous, risk-taking person. Although she has too much pride to explicitly admit it, she has feelings for Natsuru.

Messengers
The role of the  is mainly to assist those chosen to become Kämpfer in understanding the rules and mechanisms of Kämpfer combat. They take the form of Entrails Animals, stuffed animals that are notable for having their intestines sticking out from their bellies and names referring to different methods of death. Many of them have been described in the novels as having voices similar to those of specific real-life voice actors, who would in turn do the voices for them in the anime. There are five major Messengers in the anime series.

Messenger for Natsuru in the form of a stabbed, scarred tiger that wears an eye patch and blood oozing from its mouth. In a scene where Natsuru was asked to turn on the TV in the hotel, it stated a preference for watching the Sazae-san anime; Michiko Nomura, who voices it, is also the voice of one of the characters in that show.

Messenger for Akane in the form of an impaled rabbit which has bloodshot eyes and blood oozing from its mouth. It speaks with a sarcastic tone and has a foul mouth although it is on good terms with Harakiri Tora. Its voice was described as sounding like that of Yukari Tamura, who voices it in the anime. In a scene where Natsuru was asked to turn on the TV in the hotel, it stated a preference for watching pay-channel pornography.

Messenger for Shizuku in the shape of a white wildcat with bristling fur to denote electric shock. It speaks in a lively voice that sounds like Nana Mizuki, likewise she voices it in the anime. In a scene where Natsuru was asked to turn on the TV in the hotel, it stated a preference for watching Hanshin Tigers baseball games.

Messenger for Mikoto in the appearance of a strangled dog with a noose tied around its neck. It speaks with a soft, subdued voice typical of many characters voiced by Mamiko Noto, who in turn voices it in the anime. In a scene where Natsuru was asked to turn on the TV in the hotel, it stated a preference for watching rare commercials that are only broadcast in certain regions.

The oldest Messenger in the form of a black scorched lion. Its existence said to pre-date the Zōmotsu Animal toyline. In episode 11 of the anime, it reveals the reason behind the Kämpfer battles.

A tsundere messenger that in the form of a penguin that has a suspended fish jumping out of its gaping mouth and its innards are pulled out from both the front and back. It is a parody to its seiyu's vocal specialty.

Supporting characters

A first-year member of the school's Newspaper Club, she is always after the latest scoop and has a habit of exaggerating her findings. She has long straight purple hair. She and Akane are childhood friends.

The leader of the trio of girls in Female Nasturu's class who exploits the latter's popularity for fun and profit. She has short brown hair and glasses.

One of the trio of girls in Female Nasturu class who exploits the latter's popularity. Unlike the others, she is attracted to the Female Natsuru and will not hesitate to be close to her when given the chance. She has short blond hair that covers part of her face.

One of the trio of girls in Female Natsuru class who exploits the latter's popularity and who serves as the trio accountant. She tends to sell things to the Female Natsuru. She has short purple hair, and carries a calculator.

Male Natsuru's classmate who is the president of the , an underground club to admire the girls. He has spiky light brown hair.

White Kämpfers
The White Kämpfers are a group of Kämpfers who follow orders from Kaede, after receiving their messengers during the Miss Seitetsu contest. Their surnames are similar to some voice actresses, who in turn voiced them in the anime.

Schwert user armed with a kusarigama. She is a middle school student, and she is the only character who wears a different school uniform.

Schwert user armed with a sabre. She is incompetent and indecisive, and also acts like a tsundere.

Gewehr user armed with an MAC-10 submachine gun. She seems to be afraid of everything, especially the Blue and Red Kampfer.

Zauber user. She attacks by launching energy bolts against her enemies. She is a self-proclaimed tomboy, and she is noticeably tall and athletic in comparison to the other white Kampfer.

Media

Light novels
The light novel series written by Toshihiko Tsukiji, with illustrations by Senmu, were released under Media Factory's MF Bunko J imprint, with 15 volumes released between November 24, 2006 and March 25, 2010. The main series covers 12 volumes, while the remaining three are short story collections.

Manga
A manga adaptation, written by Tsukiji and illustrated by Yu Tachibana, began serialization in the April 2008 issue of Monthly Comic Alive. The first tankōbon volume was released on October 23, 2008; ten volumes have been released with the last being on July 23, 2013.

Anime

A 12-episode anime series adaptation produced by Nomad, directed by Yasuhiro Kuroda, and written by Kazuyuki Fudeyasu aired in Japan on TBS between October 2 and December 17, 2009. The opening theme is  by Minami Kuribayashi and the ending theme is  by Marina Inoue and Megumi Nakajima. The anime has been licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks. Distributor Section23 Films, through its Sentai Filmworks division, released the series in a complete collection on January 18, 2011. An additional two episodes, titled , were screened at an event held at Odaiba Cinema Mediage theater in Tokyo on March 6, 2011, with only one of the episodes aired on TBS on April 8, 2011. Sentai Filmworks re-released the series on Blu-ray with an English dub on May 28, 2019.

Reception
Theron Martin of Anime News Network called the series a "spiritual descendant" of Maze: The Mega-Burst Space and Ranma ½ which feature characters who regularly switch genders, but is a "harem comedy." However, Martin argues that the action-oriented and harem-oriented elements are not balanced in the series, with the harem comedy stronger, and said that the "perverse and sometimes twisted sense of humor" of the show works best, and even says that while there is fan service, it is "fairly tame by recent standards." He also said that the music score has "fun little themes" and said the plot "is a mess."

References

External links
 Kämpfer anime at TBS
 Kämpfer anime at StarChild

2006 Japanese novels
2008 manga
2009 anime television series debuts
2011 anime television series debuts
Anime and manga based on light novels
Action anime and manga
Fiction about shapeshifting
Harem anime and manga
Light novels
Media Factory manga
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
MF Bunko J
Nomad (company)
School life in anime and manga
Seinen manga
Sentai Filmworks
TBS Television (Japan) original programming
Japanese LGBT-related animated television series
Transgender in anime and manga


Zvezdan Terzić (Serbian Cyrillic: Звездан Терзић; born 21 May 1966) is a Serbian football administrator and former player. He currently serves as the general director for Red Star Belgrade of the Serbian SuperLiga.

Immediately after ending his playing career in 1997, he became involved with OFK Beograd in administrative role as the club's director. In January 2005, he became the president of Serbian Football Association (FSS), an organization that has in July 2006, after Montenegrin secession, become the country's top football governing body. He resigned the post in March 2008 amid controversy.

After being on the run from law since March 2008 following an arrest warrant issued for him in Serbia where he's charged with embezzlement and fraud in regards to transfers of OFK Beograd players, Terzić turned himself in to Serbian authorities on 11 November 2010. During this time, he was widely believed to have been hiding in Montenegro where he has many personal ties and connections.

In 2014, despite facing trial for fraud and embezzlement, Terzić was appointed general manager of the Red Star Belgrade football club.

Early life
Of Montenegrin origin, Terzić was born in Titov Vrbas, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia.

Playing career
Terzić played for AIK Bačka Topola and OFK Beograd (1989–1996) before transferring to Kastoria during the 1996–97 Greek Alpha Ethniki season where he finished out his playing career.

Administrative career
Simultaneously with playing Terzić also pursued his education, earning a degree in economics from the University of Belgrade in 1995. Later, he got a master's degree from Braća Karić University.

OFK Beograd
In 1997, after retiring from playing football, Terzić joined his old club OFK Beograd in the role of general director. The club was in rough shape, financially strapped and competing in the second-tier level. However, not long after he joined, the club bounced back up to the top league and started producing young talent that was sold directly to foreign teams, thus bypassing the usual route of first joining one of the two big Serbian clubs (Red Star or FK Partizan) before going abroad. Many youth players, some of whom—such as Bane Ivanović, Aleksandar Kolarov, Duško Tošić, and Slobodan Rajković—would go on to illustrious footballing careers, came up through the club during Terzić's tenure at OFK.

By the mid-2000s, Terzić was an important factor in Serbian football. With his club a stable member of the top league and a slew of young OFK players that got their exposure through under-21 national team before being sold abroad, Terzić set his sights on the Serbian FA (FSS), which at the time had regional character only, under the umbrella of national Serbia-Montenegro FA (FSSCG).

Serbian FA
Ahead of the FSS presidential race, Terzić got endorsed for the job by both Red Star and Partizan representatives. At the elections held on 22 January 2005 Terzić got unanimous delegate support after his only opponent Nebojša Leković dropped out of the race. Not even 39 years of age at the time, Terzić fostered an image of a young, dynamic, modern, and reform-oriented football administrator.

On 21 May 2006 the state union of Serbia and Montenegro dissolved, thus suddenly turning FSS into the nationwide football association. Following the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Terzić assumed his job with newly expanded jurisdictions. As one of his first orders of business, he decided to show the door to national team head coach Ilija Petković and hire Spaniard Javier Clemente who thus became the first foreigner behind the national team's bench. Terzic also, the media pressure led by the journalist Mihajlo Todić, decided to change the colors of the national team from the traditional blue to red and insisted that the new national team jersey contain the state coat-of-arms instead of the FA logo.

Return to OFK Beograd
In late September 2012, after two and a half years on the run, nine months in prison detention, and a full year out on bail, Terzić, who is awaiting trial, got voted to the position of OFK Beograd president.

Red Star Belgrade
On 2 October 2014, Terzić who is acting general secretary was banned for six months for attacking
referee Dejan Santrac. On 26 June 2020, Terzić tested positive for COVID-19.

In May 2022 was unanimously elected for President of SD Crvena zvezda

Controversy

Match-fixing and other types of football corruption
Terzić's position as the Serbian Football Association president (FSS), as well as his prior administrative posts in Serbian football, came under severe public scrutiny in early 2008 after B92 television's Insajder programme aired a six-part investigative series on corruption in Serbian football. Among the variety of individuals and events the series looked into, Terzić was accused of fixing football matches during his early 2000s stint as OFK Beograd's club president, often with his close friend—Montenegrin gangster and FK Sutjeska Nikšić president Brano Mićunović. Terzić was further accused of strong-arming young and talented Serbian football prospects from various domestic clubs into joining OFK Beograd by allegedly—via his influence within the FSS—blocking their access to the Serbia national under-21 football team unless they signed with OFK Beograd. Once he had the players under contract at OFK, Terzić would allegedly make sure they get enough exposure through the u-21 national team in order to sell them to richer European clubs in exchange for significant transfer fee amounts.

In late January 2008, at the height of the controversy and public scandal that erupted in Serbia as a result of the Insajder series, Terzić—who happened to be in Zagreb for the annual UEFA Congress—never returned to the country. Instead, in phone interviews with Serbian press, he claimed to be in the United States "attending a professional development course at Northcentral University in Prescott Valley, Arizona" while promising to be back in Serbia by February 27. As the date neared, rather than showing up in Serbia as originally announced, Terzić now claimed in another phone interview that he would extend his stay abroad by ten days due to having to "stop off in London to take care of a shoulder injury he had picked up skiing in early February 2008 during a vacation in France". After not returning by the new date either, he gave yet another phone interview in early March 2008 to the Večernje novosti daily newspaper reiterating his intention of returning to Serbia.

Once again, he never showed up and his whereabouts from this point until November 2010 are unknown. He is widely believed to have spent that entire time in Montenegro where he has many personal ties and connections. Throughout the period between spring 2008 and fall 2010, multiple instances of Terzić being spotted out and about in towns along the Montenegrin coast, mostly Budva and Bečići, were reported.

Years later, in a 2019 interview, by-then-reinstated-in-Serbian-football Red Star Belgrade general manager Terzić talked about selective details from the 2008-2010 period, claiming to have gotten a phone call from a confidante in Serbia on 31 January 2008 while he was in Zagreb for the UEFA Congress, apparently telling him "don't return, they're preparing your arrest". Terzić did not reveal the identity of the person who allegedly gave him the forewarning.

Terzić on the run: Arrest warrant and criminal investigation
On 4 March 2008, Serbian police issued an arrest warrant for Terzić on embezzlement charges of illegally receiving DM1.1 million (about US$840,000) from the 1998 transfer of Vanja Grubač from OFK Beograd to Hamburger SV during the time when Terzić was OFK's football director.

Citing "specific circumstances I find myself in", Terzić resigned his post as the Serbian FA president from an unknown location on 12 March 2008 via a short letter.

On 14 April 2008, the District Prosecutor's Office in Belgrade opened an investigation into the case against Terzić in relation to the Grubač transfer. On 10 July 2008, the Serbian arrest warrant became Interpol-wide.

On 18 December 2008, the Serbian police investigation against Terzić was expanded to look into charges brought in by the Serbian state prosecutor's office that Terzić (along with Vladimir Bulatović and Dražen Podunavac) also illegally profited on transfer of Branislav Ivanović from OFK to Lokomotiv Moskva and Stevan Stošić from OFK to Málaga CF in 2006.

On 20 December 2008, fugitive Terzić's letter got published in the Sportski žurnal daily sports paper. Addressing the Serbian public in an attempt of defending his business practices, the fugitive admitted to unspecified financial transgressions while defending himself by asserting he did things "every other club was doing at the time" but claiming he "never pocketed any of the club's [OFK] money for personal gain".

Fugitive Terzić's continued influence within Serbian football became evident five days later, on 25 December 2008, when his former club OFK Beograd held an impromptu club assembly meeting (reportedly at his own urging via a letter from an unspecified location) and put out a press release reiterating Terzić's claims that his business dealings were "in the club's interest and not for his personal gain". The club's press release further added that Terzić "enriched OFK materially" and that "if it weren't for him, OFK would not be what it is today [a top-tier league club]".

February 2009 arrest and release in Montenegro
On Saturday, 21 February 2009 at 2:30pm, at the Jaz Beach sports complex in Budva during a friendly football match between the local club FK Mogren and visiting OFK Beograd, Montenegrin police arrested a spectator believed to be the fugitive with an Interpol arrest warrant Zvezdan Terzić. According to press reports in Blic and Vijesti, the arrest was carried out by five plain-clothes policemen while Politika reported that, in addition to Terzić, two more individuals were arrested, speculated to be his bodyguards. Shortly after the arrest, however, Montenegrin police issued a press release claiming that the apprehension was a case of mistaken identity and that the man taken in was not Zvezdan Terzić. The police did not release the full identity of the individual who was supposedly "wrongfully arrested", only his initials V.J. and his town of residence—Nikšić. On the other hand, multiple witnesses to the arrest at the football match, including members of FK Mogren's managing board, confirmed to various press outlets that the arrested man was in fact Terzić and that the Montenegrin police simply released him shortly after taking him into a police station in Budva. Other press outlets, as well as the Movement for Changes (PZP) opposition political party led by Nebojša Medojević, claimed that fugitive Terzić is living in Montenegro under an assumed identity of "Veselin Janjušević".

The entire fiasco led many to conclude that fugitive Terzić enjoys protection from the highest echelons of the Montenegrin regime.

Batić joins the defense team
On 5 April 2009, Terzić's lawyer Vladan Batić (also an active politician in Serbia and former Serbian Minister of Justice in the government of Zoran Đinđić) held a press conference during which he called on the Serbian persecutor's office to stop proceedings against his client due to "there not being any evidence that he made any illegal financial gains". Batić further referred to the case against his client as "political", referencing the 6 December 2007 piece in Politika daily as having been "planted by the paper's political mentors at the time". The lawyer/politician also made several veiled references to the former Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica and former Minister of the Interior Dragan Jočić being behind the "media witch hunt against Terzić".

In anticipation of the indictment against his client being unveiled, during June 2009, Batić offered to put up Terzić's house in Bačka Topola as a collateral his client would not run from law in return for being able to face the charges as a free man. The authorities did not respond to the offer.

Indictment unveiled and Terzić turns himself in
After more than two years of building its case, on 7 July 2010, the Higher Public Prosecutor's Office in Belgrade submitted an indictment against Terzić and three other individuals (OFK Beograd officials Milovan Nikodinović and Vladimir Bulatović as well as player-agent Dražen Podunavac) over the misappropriation of funds during transfers of Vanja Grubač, Stefan Stošić, Branislav Ivanović, and Srđan Stanić.

On 11 November 2010, at 8:35 a.m., after almost three years on the run, Terzić turned himself in to the Serbian authorities by walking into the Serbian police's Department of Criminal Police (UKP) building on Despota Stefana Street in Belgrade flanked by his lawyer Ante Bošković. Following a two-hour interrogation, by 11:00 a.m., he got placed in detention at Belgrade's Central Prison.

In June 2011, Terzić was released from detention after posting a €1 million bail.

Trial (2011-present)
The first court date in the trial of Terzić, Nikodinović, Bulatović, and Podunavac was held in 2011.

Over the following years, court dates were held sporadically and often postponed for reasons ranging from the accused not feeling well to the unavailability of the individuals summoned to provide expert testimony. In 2015, the trial was re-started from the beginning for the second time due to the change in the judges' council assigned to the case.

In April 2021, following four years without a court date, the court case against Terzić and the rest was scheduled to resume before judge Zoran Đorđević. However, Terzić and his lawyer were late for the scheduled court date in mid April due to "showing up at the wrong court building" which led to the judge postponing the court date for June 2021.

In June 2021, the trial re-started from the beginning one more time with a new judge, Ana Trifunović-Đuričković, assigned to the case with the new start scheduled for September 2021. The first court date before the new judge was eventually scheduled for November 2021, however, Terzić failed to show again with his lawyer Sonja Manojlović claiming he had fallen ill with a fever.

References

Living people
1966 births
Sportspeople from Vrbas
Footballers from South Bačka District
Serbian people of Montenegrin descent
Serbian men's footballers
Yugoslav men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FK TSC players
OFK Beograd players
Yugoslav Second League players
Yugoslav First League players
Kastoria 1980 F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Serbian sports executives and administrators
Presidents of the Football Association of Serbia
University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics alumni


The yellowtail scad (Atule mate) (also known as the northern yellowtail scad, one-finlet scad, deep trevally and omaka), is an abundant species of small inshore marine fish of the jack family, Carangidae. The species is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region from east Africa in the west to Hawaii in the east, extending north to Japan and south to Australia. The yellowtail scad is the only member of the monotypic genus Atule and is distinguished from similar species by a well-developed adipose eyelid and finlet-like extensions of the last rays of the dorsal and anal fins. It inhabits coastal areas such as bays and coral reefs, preying on small fishes and crustaceans. Spawning has been well studied in Hawaii, where fish enter bays to spawn, releasing up to 161,000 eggs each between March and October. The yellowtail scad is an important component of fisheries throughout its range, taken by a number of netting and hook-and-line methods. It is a prized food fish in some regions and is cooked or preserved by a variety of methods.

Taxonomy and naming
The yellowtail scad is the only member of the monotypic genus Atule, one of 30 genera in the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae. The Carangidae are part of the order Carangiformes.

The yellowtail scad was first scientifically described by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1833 based on a specimen taken from the Seychelles, which was designated to be the holotype. He named the species Caranx mate, thereby placing the species in a genus with a number of larger, deeper-bodied jacks. The species was subsequently redescribed and named many times, with most authors placing these "species" in other jack genera including Caranx, Decapterus and Selar. In 1906, Jordan and Seale produced one such name in the form of Decapterus lundini. Jordan later re-examined this taxon and decided it warranted its own, separate genus and thus created Atule, making Decapterus lundini the type species of the genus.  With the taxonomic history of the species confused with numerous synonyms, it was not until 1953 that Herre concluded that D. lundini was a junior synonym of Cuvier's C. mate, thus giving the latter priority and creating the currently accepted name of Atule mate.

The wide distribution of the species has led to many common names being applied to the species. In English, the most common name is yellowtail scad or some variation of this. Occasionally this combination will be proceeded by a variety of words including "barred" and "northern". Other names applied include one-finlet scad, deep trevally, the broad name of horse mackerel, as well as the Hawaiian ʻomaka or āmaka and Malay or Indonesian ikan selar.

The generic name Atule is derived from its Hawaiian name, also spelled akule, while mate is Hawaiian for "dead."

Description

The yellowtail scad has a body profile quite similar to that of the other fish often called 'scad' from the genera Decapterus and Trachurus, having a moderately compressed, oval-shaped body.
The dorsal and ventral profiles of the fish are nearly evenly convex, with the two lines intersecting at the pointed snout. There are two separate dorsal fins; the first consisting of eight moderately high spines and the second of a single spine followed by 22 to 25 soft rays. The anal fin consists of two anteriorly detached spines followed by a single spine attached to 18 to 21 soft rays. The terminal soft rays of both the anal and dorsal fins are nearly twice as long as the penultimate rays, forming distinctive finlet-like structures, although are still attached to the main fin structure by interradial membranes. The lateral line is slightly arched anteriorally, with the intersection of the curved and straight section occurring below the sixth to eighth dorsal soft ray. The curved section contains between 39 and 57 scales, while the straight section has no to 10 scales and 36 to 49 scutes. Another of the major distinguishing features of the species is an adipose eyelid which fully encloses the eye except for a small vertical slit over the pupil. This feature is only observable in individuals greater than 10 cm, as juveniles below this length are still developing the eyelid. Both jaws have a single row of small teeth, although two or three rows of small canine teeth are present in older individuals. There are 37 to 44 gill rakers in total and 24 vertebrae. The yellowtail scad is a small species in comparison with many of the other fishes within the Carangidae, reaching a recorded maximum length of only 30 cm, although is more often encountered around 20 cm.

The yellowtail scad is a bright olive green above, transitioning to a more golden green ventrally, before becoming silvery white on the underside of the fish. Nine to 16 faint grey bars run vertically on the sides of the fish, as well as a black spot slightly smaller than the eye on the upper margin of operculum and adjacent shoulder region. The caudal and dorsal fins are a characteristic greenish yellow colour, the pelvic fins are  white, while the rest of the fins are hyaline.

In some parts of Australia, the Yakka are prone to the parasite Cymothoa exigua which first eats and then replaces the tongue of the host fish. The parasite does not otherwise harm the fish and has no effect on humans. The parasite should however be removed before consumption.

Distribution and habitat

The yellowtail scad is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific region. In the Indian Ocean, the species is known from as far south as South Africa, distributed north along the east African coast including Madagascar, and further north to the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. In the Pacific, the species is most prevalent in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Philippines, extending southward to northern Australia, north to Japan, where only three specimens have been recorded, and as far east as Hawaii.

The species is predominantly coastal, schooling in inshore waters to a depth of 80 m, often in large embayments with mangroves or over coral reefs. Like a number of carangids, juvenile yellowtail scad are known to congregate around floating objects, including jellyfish medusae, as well as manmade structures. In Kaneohe Bay, jellyfish medusae disappeared from the bay, causing the fish to switch from natural objects to manmade ones, causing concern for recruitment of the species in the future.

Biology
The yellowtail scad is a pelagic predator that takes a variety of small plankton and fish. The species exhibits two different feeding patterns during different stages of life, with the juveniles between 91 and 150 mm feeding mainly on crustaceans while adults over 151 mm prey almost exclusively on small fish.

The size at sexual maturity is not known confidently but has been estimated at between 150 and 160 mm. In Hawaii, the species has been observed to spawn in open areas of bays at least 10 m deep mostly between March and October, but there is significant yearly differences in the length of the season. In the breeding stock, more than two-thirds are male and all females in the bay during daytime actively spawn, with nearly all spawning occurring in the morning. Females release 63,000 to 161,000 eggs per batch. Egg and larvae development have been extensively studied and described by Miller and Sumida.

Relationship to humans
Yellowtail scad are a major species targeted by fisheries throughout the species range. Worldwide catch data are not available, although the FAO has catch data from Saudi Arabia showing 933 tonnes of the species was taken in 2001; an increase from 2000's catch of 875 tonnes. In Malaysia and presumably other South East Asian countries, the species makes up a high percentage of the pelagic catch. The fishery appears to be seasonal in some areas, with demersal species such as serranids and lutjanids making up the bulk of the catch most of the year while pelagics such as A. mate and scombrids make up the bulk of the catch between January and April. In other areas such as the Gulf of Thailand, it is taken year round. The species is taken by a variety of fishing methods including beach seines, gill netting, as well as hook and line methods involving jigging with lures. In parts of South East Asia, the yellowtail scad is a highly valued seafood prepared by boiling, steaming and frying. It may also by dried and salted to preserve the flesh.

References

External links
Yellowtail scad at fishbase
Libong Island factsheet

Caranginae
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
Fish of the Indian Ocean
Fish described in 1833
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier


The Berean Christadelphians are a Christian denomination.

History
In Britain the initial cause of the 1923 schism resulting in the formation of the Berean Christadelphians was concerning service in the police. Following the leading role taken by Frank G. Jannaway of the London Clapham ecclesia with government departments in pleas for the movement's recognition as conscientious objectors during the First World War, Jannaway and other South London brethren took issue with the discovery that two members at Birmingham Temperance Hall ecclesia (so known after the location of their rented rooms) were serving as special constables. This issue was doubly sensitive since Birmingham Temperance Hall was the ecclesia of Charles Curwen Walker who had succeeded Robert Roberts as editor of The Christadelphian Magazine on his death in 1898. In his study of the Christadelphians Bryan R. Wilson suggests that Walker had deferred to Jannaway during the war, and at the end of war as Birmingham returned to its former informal status of primus inter pares, the London brethren resented this. The Birmingham Temperance Hall meeting did eventually "disfellowship" the two special constables, after opposition from two Arranging Brethren of the ecclesia, A. Davis and T. Pearce, who signalled disagreement by abstaining in the final vote on the issue. The Clapham brethren then demanded of Birmingham Temperance Hall ecclesia that they also "disfellowship" A. Davis and T. Pearce for abstaining in the vote. This the brethren at Birmingham were unwilling to do, so London Clapham issued a letter "disfellowshipping" Birmingham, and more significantly any ecclesia in Britain that would not do likewise.

In 1924 the Clapham meeting split between two groups led by Frank G. Jannaway and his older brother Arthur T. Jannaway over whether the Matt.5:32 "exceptive clause" allowed divorce in cases of adultery. Those allowing the exception, led by Arthur, formed the "Family Journal" fellowship at Clapham Common Ecclesia, but did not seek to return to the main body of Christadelphians.

In 1942 most of the British Berean Christadelphians separated from North American Berean Christadelphians to form the Dawn Christadelphians – taking a stricter line than North American Bereans on divorce and remarriage. A substantial part of this group reverted to the main body of Christadelphians in 1993–1994.

North America
Prior to the developing dispute in Britain over special constables, in America another dispute had been simmering concerning the atonement. In 1913 Allen Strickler of Buffalo had written articles which were found by William Smallwood of Toronto and some others to contain a "substitution" theory of Christ's death. C.C. Walker and Birmingham were unwilling to take sides and with two ecclesias at Buffalo, both claiming to follow the Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith, Walker stated "We are not aware that the ecclesias named are at variance with us" although the two ecclesias did not fellowship each other.

The Berean magazine had commenced publication in January, 1923 at London, England. Following the division in Britain Frank Jannaway became involved in the dispute in the U.S. and in 1925 published a booklet against Strickler and supporting Smallwood.  As a result of the disagreement a majority of Amended Christadelphians in North America withdrew from the main body and allied themselves with London Clapham as the Berean Christadelphians. In July 1927 Frank Jannaway circulated worldwide a letter The Christadelphians Then and Now appealing for ecclesias to "stand aside from"  Birmingham and all who would not.

This schism held to the formation of a doctrine of congregational fellowship which required entire ecclesias (congregations), to withdraw from any other ecclesia in fellowship with individuals or ecclesias in error. In 1892 Frank Jannaway had already authored an article Ecclesial Fellowship, published in the Christadelphian, where he presented his own ideas on fellowship in contrast to the more accommodating attitude being taken by some of the London Christadelphians towards the then current problem with John Andrew.

Reunion in America
In 1952 the majority of the Berean Christadelphian Fellowship rejoined the "Birmingham Central" body of Christadelphians ("Temperance Hall" was now known as the "Central Fellowship", since Birmingham Central had ceased renting rooms at Temperance Hall in 1932),  In doing so this large group of Berean Christadelphians abandoned their insistence on the Berean Christadelphian understanding of the atonement and fellowship, although the bloc disfellowship approach of the Bereans lingers in many Amended ecclesias today.

Number of adherents today
By country:

 United States - 221
 Canada - 41
 Kenya – 110
 Malawi - 48
 Uganda - 5
 Nigeria - 33
 United Kingdom – 18
 Australia - 8
 New Guinea - 2
 Philippines - 8

Distinguishing characteristics
Over time the Berean Christadelphians have developed a culture which differentiates them radically from mainstream Christadelphians.  They are differentiated by a number of doctrinal differences (listed after this paragraph).  Some of these doctrines are shared with some of the "Unamended Fellowship" (but not the majority Christadelphian group known as the "Central Fellowship"), particularly beliefs on the atonement and what the Bible teaches about human nature (referred to commonly as 'the flesh').  Some of these doctrines are beliefs which the original Berean Christadelphians held in 1923, whilst others are later developments.  A number of these beliefs are not held by any other Christadelphian fellowship, which the Berean Christadelphians take as indicative that they hold the correct understanding of the gospel.

The following is a list of beliefs which differentiate the Bereans from mainstream Christadelphians:

  The Berean Christadelphian position on congregational fellowship (described above)
  That sin is a physical substance which is the cause of moral transgression, disease and death
  That babies die because they are made of this physical substance which is sin (and so inherit the wages of sin)
  That although the Bible uses the word 'sin' in two different senses, it always refers to only one thing and not two separate things since sin and the cause of sin are one and the same
  That God treats both sin and the cause of sin in the same way
  That Jesus earned the wages of sin
  That John Thomas (founder of the Christadelphian movement), was raised up by God to restore the Truth to the earth, and was chosen by God because of his unique fitness to the task
  That God requires a sacrifice for "sinful nature", and that Christ therefore had to make a sacrifice both for his sinful nature and for the sinful nature of humanity
  That human nature is physically defiled by sin even before personal transgression has taken place
  That even without personal transgression, man is an abomination unto His Creator and has need for redemption through the shedding of blood
  That those who do not value the writings of the "Pioneers" (John Thomas and Robert Roberts, early Christadelphians who were influential in the formative years of the movement), are on their way back to "the apostasy"
  That the "Pioneers" should be the first reference for any interpretation of Scripture, and are authoritative in their interpretation of Scripture

Berean Christadelphians believe that true Christadelphians are those who agree with the beliefs of John Thomas and Robert Roberts (two early Christadelphians whose writings were influential in the formative years of the movement), and also believe that true Christadelphians are those who learn the gospel from the writings of these men rather than personal study of the Bible.

The Berean Christadelphians believe that the Bible should be interpreted according to the writings of these two early Christadelphians (to whom they refer as "the Pioneers"), and that all Scripture must be harmonized with the interpretations in these writings. Whilst denying that they believe either man was inspired, they state both men were raised up by God, and that John Thomas in particular was specifically chosen by God as being unique among men on the earth in his day.

Other characteristics
Many Berean Christadelphians refer to John Thomas as 'Doctor Thomas' rather than 'Brother Thomas' (as male members of the Christadephians usually are).
Please refer to online Berean Christadelphian archives for evidence of the Berean Christadelphian use of the phrase Brother Thomas, Bro. Thomas and other such references number in the thousands in the Berean Christadelphian magazine. Bereans doubt that the Bible alone is sufficient to teach the gospel, believing that the writings of either John Thomas or Robert Roberts are not only necessary but vital for a correct understanding of the Scriptures (considering the writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts authoritative expositions of the Bible), and it is taught that neglect of the regular reading of these writings is 'to put our own salvation at risk!'.  Bereans are typically suspicious of interpreting the Bible without the aid of the writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts.  The writings of John Thomas and Robert Roberts are considered authoritative expositions in the Berean fellowship, and Bereans will often quote them in discussion of Biblical issues instead of quoting the Bible.

Berean Christadelphians sometimes use a method of Biblical interpretation which is highly anagogical, with a heavy emphasis on typology and conjectural exposition. This is the method used commonly by early Christian expositors such as Origen and Augustine, and Berean Christadelphian exposition often resembles that of Origen in its appeal to analogue and typology.  Whilst this method of exposition is also found in the main Christadelphian community, it does not predominate there as it does among the Berean Christadelphians Again, whilst in the main Christadelphian community it is used as a method of illustrating existing doctrines taught explicitly by the Bible, in the Berean Christadelphian fellowship it is frequently used as the foundation of doctrines not revealed explicitly in the Bible but which the Berean Christadelphians view as 'first principles', foundation doctrines which are necessary for salvation.  Literal events described in the Bible are commonly declared to be typological of later events, and there is much speculation over the identity of the 'anti-type'. Discussions of this kind of exposition sometimes take place on online forums in a 'Mars Hill' format, in which conjectural exposition is proposed and encouraged.

References and footnotes

Christadelphianism


The 1893 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with a 50–75 record, good for eleventh place in the National League.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Notable transactions
 June 7, 1893: Hughie Jennings and Harry Taylor were traded by the Colonels to the Baltimore Orioles for Tim O'Rourke.

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Notes

References
 1893 Louisville Colonels team page at Baseball Reference

Louisville Colonels seasons
Louisville Colonels season
Louisville Colonels


Hebdo may refer to:

Hebdo (European Commission), a weekly meeting of the European Commission
Charlie Hebdo, a weekly French satirical newspaper
L'Hebdo, a weekly French-language news magazine published in Lausanne, Switzerland.
hebdo-, an archaic decimal metric prefix


The 76th Airlift Squadron is part of the 86th Airlift Wing at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.  It operates executive airlift aircraft, including the Learjet C-21A and Gulfstream C-37A Gulfstream V.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 76th Ferrying Squadron its primary mission was training aircrews on transport aircraft and it was redesignated the 76th Transport Transition Squadron in 1943.  The squadron was disbanded in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces training units in the spring of 1944.

The squadron was reconstituted as the 76th Air Transport Squadron in July 1952, flying the Douglas C-54 Skymasters it had flown during the war.  When Military Air Transport Service ended its airlift operations at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas in 1956, the squadron moved to Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, from which it performed global airlift missions until 1993, when it moved to Ramstein and assumed its current mission.

Mission
Conduct executive airlift missions.

History

World War II
The squadron was first activated in February 1943 at Homestead Army Air Base, Florida as the 76th Ferrying Squadron.  It trained flight crews on a variety of multi-engine transport aircraft as part of Air Transport Command's 2d Operational Training Unit (OTU). Despite its name, the 2d OTU acted primarily as a Replacement Training Unit, training pilots and aircrews, although just before it was disbanded, the first three Bomber Support Squadrons were activated at Homestead.   However, the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were not well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, it adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit.  The 2d OTU and its components were disbanded and replaced at Homestead by the 563d AAF Base Unit, which continued the transport training mission for the remainder of the war.

Global Airlift
The squadron was reconstituted as the 76th Air Transport Squadron and activated with Douglas C-54 Skymasters at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas in July 1952, replacing the 1289th Air Transport Squadron, which was simultaneously discontinued.  As Military Air Transport Service increasingly moved its airlift operations from the central United States to the coasts and the Skymaster was withdrawn from service, the squadron moved to Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina in February 1956 and began to operate Lockheed C-121 Constellations. The squadron transported United Nations troops during the Suez Crisis in November 1956. As the 76th Military Airlift Squadron, it supported operations in Southeast Asia from 1966 through 1973, and later participated in the evacuation of Saigon in May 1975.  It participated in Operation Urgent Fury, the 1983 replacement of a revolutionary government of Grenada with a constitutional one, and in Operation Just Cause, the 1989 incursion into Panama to oust Manuel Noriega. It provided airlift for The Gulf War from August 1990 through December 1991.  The squadron moved to Ramstein Air Base, Germany as the number of Lockheed C-141 Starlifters at Charleston was reduced.

Executive airlift
At Ramstein, the squadron has provided operational support airlift with a variety of passenger aircraft.

Secretary of Commerce Incident
On 3 April 1996, 76th Boeing CT-43 Bobcat (Flight IFO-21) crashed on approach to Dubrovnik Airport, Croatia, while on an official trade mission. The aircraft, originally built as T-43A navigational trainer and later converted into an executive transport aircraft, was carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown and 34 other people, including The New York Times Frankfurt bureau chief Nathaniel C. Nash. While attempting an instrument approach, the airplane crashed into a mountainside. Air Force Technical Sergeant Shelly Kelly survived the initial impact, but died en route to hospital. Everyone else on board died at the scene of the crash.  Unlike civilian 737s, the military CT-43A version was equipped with neither a flight data recorder nor a cockpit voice recorder.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 76th Ferrying Squadron (Special) on 30 January 1943
 Activated on 8 February 1943
 Redesignated as 76th Transport Transition Squadron on 4 June 1943
 Disbanded on 31 March 1944
 Reconstituted and redesignated 76th Air Transport Squadron, Medium on 20 June 1952
 Activated on 20 July 1952
 Redesignated 76th Military Airlift Squadron on 8 January 1966
 Redesignated 76th Airlift Squadron on 1 October 1991

Assignments
 2d Operational Training Unit, 8 February 1943 – 31 March 1944
 1700th Air Transport Group, 20 July 1952
 1608th Air Transport Group, 1 February 1956
 1608th Air Transport Wing, 18 January 1963
 437th Military Airlift Wing, 8 January 1966
 437th Operations Group, 1 October 1991
 86th Operations Group, 1 October 1993 – present

Stations
 Homestead Army Air Base, Florida, 8 February 1943 – 31 March 1944
 Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, 20 July 1952
 Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, 1 February 1956
 Ramstein Air Base, Germany, 1 October 1993 – present

Aircraft

 Douglas C-49 (1943)
 Cessna AT-17 Bobcat (1943)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1943)
 Douglas C-54 Skymaster (1943–1944, 1952–1956)
 Lockheed C-60 Lodestar (1943–1944)
 Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express (1943–1944)
 Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1943–1944)
 Lockheed C-121 Constellation (1956–1963)
 Lockheed C-130 Hercules (1963–1966)
 Lockheed C-141 Starlifter (1966–1993)
 Gulfstream C-20A (1993-2002)
 Gulfstream C-20H (2002–2017)
 Learjet C-21A (1993–present)
 Gulfstream C-37A Gulfstream V (2010–present)
 Boeing C-40B Clipper (2005–2019)
 Boeing CT-43 Bobcat (1993–96)
 McDonnell Douglas VC-9A (1996-2003)

References

Notes

Bibliography

0076


The Sonoita AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in southeast Arizona, south of the city of Tucson.  The Sonoita area is a basin surrounded by four mountain ranges, the Huachuca Mountains, the Santa Rita Mountains, the Mustang Mountains, and the Whetstone Mountains.  The vineyard plantings are  above sea level, some of the highest in North America.  The soil is alluvial fans of gravelly loam that retains scarce water well.

References

American Viticultural Areas
Arizona wine
1984 establishments in Arizona


Mandy Walker , , , (born 1963) is an Australian cinematographer who has been Director of Photography on major Hollywood films including Mulan, Hidden Figures and Elvis, the latter of which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Life and career
Born and raised in Melbourne, Victoria, Walker became interested in photography while a student in high school. After graduation she studied film criticism and cinema studies with John Flaus, who introduced her to several people working in the industry. She apprenticed as an unpaid assistant on several documentaries and music videos before shooting her first feature film, Return Home, at the age of twenty-five. Additional screen credits include Parklands, The Well, Lantana, Australian Rules, Shattered Glass, and Australia. Her television credits include the Australian Broadcasting Corporation series Raw FM.

Walker has filmed commercials for Nike, Toyota, Caltex, Cingular Wireless, Foxwoods Casino and, most notably, the spot for Chanel No. 5 directed by Baz Luhrmann and featuring Nicole Kidman.

The Australian Cinematographers Society honoured Walker with their Award of Distinction for Parklands and Lantana. She was nominated for the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Achievement in Cinematography for The Well, the Film Critics Circle of Australia Award for Best Cinematography for The Well and Lantana, and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography for Shattered Glass.

Walker was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for "significant service to film as a cinematographer, and to professional societies" in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours.

On 4 December 2022, she became the first woman to win a cinematography award at the AACTA Awards, for her work on Elvis. On 5 March 2023, she became the first woman to win the American Society of Cinematographers Award in the feature film category, also for Elvis.

Walker presently lives in Santa Monica, California.

Filmography
Film

Television
Raw FM (1997)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Mandy Walker at the Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers

1963 births
Living people
Australian cinematographers
Australian women cinematographers
Members of the Order of Australia
People from Melbourne


Damaged is the second album from alternative rock group Course of Nature, and their first in six years. Damaged was released on January 29, 2008, and would be the band's final album prior to their breakup in 2011.

Track listing
All songs written by Mark Wilkerson.
Anger Cage - 3:05
Right Before My Eyes - 4:33
Time Is Slipping Away - 3:07
Memory Of You - 3:46
The Window - 3:13
Live Again - 3:49
Gone - 4:42
How Great You Are - 3:53
World At War - 3:19
Forget Her - 4:41

References

Course of Nature albums
2008 albums
Albums produced by David Bendeth


LH 95 is a modestly sized stellar nursery in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is related to the HII-region LHA 120-N 55, that is, a region of hydrogen ionized by the bright stars of LH 95.

Previously only young bright stars were known in this stellar association. Imaging using the Hubble Space Telescope, however, allowed the identification of more than 2,500 pre–main sequence stars with masses down to about 0.3 solar masses, thereby giving a detailed picture of what a typical stellar association in the LMC looks like.

The large sample of low-mass pre–main sequence stars, stars that are currently under formation, in LH 95 allows the construction of the first most complete Initial Mass Function of an extragalactic star forming cluster. The Initial Mass Function of LH 95 does not seem to differ from that typical for the Milky Way.

See also
Star
Stellar nurseries

References

External links
Large and small stars in harmonious coexistence
The Hubble Heritage Project: LH 95

Large Magellanic Cloud
Open clusters
Star-forming regions
Dorado


West Burton is a small hamlet in the Parish of Bury and the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies between Bignor and Bury on the Lower Greensand ridge, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Pulborough. It is one of a string of Saxon settlements at the foot of the South Downs escarpment where springs from the chalk strata provided clean reliable water supply.

References

External links

Villages in West Sussex


(also ) is a brewery owned by  and located in Stuttgart, Germany. The company owns the largest brewery in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

Products

The  brand consists of eight different types of beer.

 , a bottom-fermented, unfiltered lager.
 Original, a bottom-fermented beer.
 , a bottom-fermented .
 , a bottom-fermented pilsner. Differs from  in that it is filtered.
 , a bottom-fermented dark beer (Dunkel).
 , a bottom-fermented Helles.
 , an unfiltered wheat beer.
 , a bottom-fermented export beer.

 uses flip-top bottles incorporating a re-sealable porcelain stopper held in place by metal clasps to pressure seal the beer bottles.

References

Breweries in Germany
Breweries in Baden-Württemberg
Manufacturing companies based in Stuttgart


Louis-Jacques Casault (17 July 1808 – 5 May 1862) was a Canadian priest, academic, superior of the Séminaire de Québec, and rector of Université Laval.

Born in Saint-Thomas-de-Montmagny, Lower Canada, the son of Louis Casault and Françoise Blais, Casault studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec before being ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1831. In 1834, he started teaching at the Séminaire de Québec. He was assigned to teach physics which he taught until 1854. In 1851, he was appointed superior of the Séminaire de Québec. Casault helped to form the Université Laval and was its first rector from 1852 to 1860. He was succeeded by Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau.

References

1808 births
1862 deaths
19th-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests
Rectors of Université Laval


Tom Hearst is an American racing driver from Muscatine, Iowa who won the first NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series national championship in 1982.

Driving a dirt Late Model for owners Keith Simmons and Gary Oliver, Hearst won 27 of the 50 NASCAR-sanctioned races that he entered.  Most were at race tracks in Davenport, Iowa; Cedar Rapids, Iowa; West Liberty, Iowa; and Freeport, Illinois.  Hearst also won 15 of the 17 non-NASCAR races in which he competed.

He made an attempt in the NASCAR Southwest Series, in 1987, but failed to qualify.

References

External links

NASCAR drivers
Racing drivers from Iowa
Living people
People from Muscatine, Iowa
Year of birth missing (living people)


Susan King may refer to:

Susan King (novelist) (born 1951), American writer
Susan King (Texas politician) (born 1952), American politician
Susan King Borchardt (born 1981), American basketball player
Rachel Berman (1946–2014), Canadian painter born Susan King
Susan E. King (born 1947), book artist and writer
Susan Petigru King (1824–1875), socialite, realist and novelist
Susan Te Kahurangi King (born 1951), New Zealand artist
Susan King (journalist), journalist and former dean
Susan King, newspaper entertainment reporter


Flight and expulsion of Germans during and after World War II may refer to:
Flight and evacuation of German civilians during the end of World War II
Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)


Henry "Shrimp" Thomas Davies BEM (19 February 1914 – 25 June 2002) was a lifeboatman from Cromer on the north coast of Norfolk, England. His uncle, Henry Blogg, gave him the nickname "Shrimp" after seeing him as a tiny baby. In 1931 he joined the crew of the Cromer lifeboat H F Bailey and became coxswain in 1947, taking over from Henry Blogg. Davies retired in February 1976, after serving as coxswain of lifeboats Henry Blogg and Ruby and Arthur Reed, having been one of Cromer Lifeboat Station's longest serving coxswains.

English Trader
Shrimp Davies had a near-fatal involvement in the famous rescue of the  on 26 October 1941. At 8.15 am the Cromer lifeboat H F Bailey, crewed by twelve men including Shrimp Davies and coxswain Henry Blogg, was launched to aid the stricken ship. By 11.35 am the lifeboat had reached the site, the Hammond Knoll sandbank. The gale was at full force and three of the English Trader'''s crew had been swept off the foundering ship to their death. The remaining 44 crew had taken refuge in the chart room, the highest and safest point on the ship. The lifeboat made two attempts to get a line to the English Trader without any success. A further attempt at rescue resulted in a near disaster for the H F Bailey and in the death of one of her crew. Coxswain Henry Blogg had attempted to approach the stricken vessel and a wall of water hit the lifeboat on her port side which washed five of the lifeboat men, including Shrimp Davies and coxswain Blogg, overboard into the raging sea. The five men were hauled back on to the lifeboat but the signalman, Edward "Boy Primo" W. Allen after being in the water for 25 minutes fell unconscious and died a short time later. Despite these traumas, H F Bailey was able go on and rescue the crew of 44 from the English Trader, taking them to the safety of Great Yarmouth.

For his part in this rescue, Davies won the RNLI bronze medal for gallantry.

Coxswain
In 1947 Henry Davies took over as coxswain of the Cromer lifeboat from his uncle, Henry Blogg. Shrimp's first significant mission as coxswain took place in July 1947. The Cromer lifeboat Henry Blogg, so named after Shrimp's uncle, was launched into storm to help a leaking French collier Francois Tixier off Sheringham. The lifeboatmen hauled a dozen crewmen to safety with a breeches buoy. Another four were pulled from the water when the collier capsized. For this Henry was awarded the Maritime Medal, France's highest award for lifesaving at sea. In 1970 Henry Davies was awarded the British Empire Medal for "maintaining the highest traditions of the lifeboat service".

Later life
Davies was the subject of the ITV programme This is Your Life'' on  18 February 1976, the night before he retired as coxswain. After his retirement, Shrimp continued to run the family deckchair business on Cromer's east beach where he was a familiar and talkative figure. Henry Davies died in the summer of 2002 at the age of 88. Lifeboatmen from across the country attended his funeral to commemorate his 45 years of service, in which time he took part in more than 500 rescues.

Gallery

References

1914 births
2002 deaths
People from Cromer
Recipients of the British Empire Medal
Royal National Lifeboat Institution people


Blanks is the name of an unincorporated community located in southwestern Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States.

The community is said to have been named after Handsell B. Blanks. Blanks was part owner of the Bomer-Blanks Lumber Company that once operated in the area. A post office was established in the community in 1913, but has since been shut down and merged with the post office in the neighboring town of Lottie.

Geography
The community is west of Livonia near the intersections of Louisiana Highway 976 with US 190 and Louisiana Highway 81. The town of Lottie, is located to the west, and Fordoche is to the north.

References

Unincorporated communities in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
Baton Rouge metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana


The FBA Type 310 was a 1930s French touring flying boat or amphibian built by the Franco-British Aviation Company.

The Type 310 was the last design from FBA and was their only monoplane flying boat. Designed to sell into a growing market for touring flying-boats in the 1920s and 1930s, the 310 was a shoulder-wing flying boat with stabilizing floats attached to the struts that braced the wing to the hull. It was powered by a single 120 hp (89 kW) Lorraine 5Pc radial engine driving a pusher propeller. The engine was strut-mounted above the wing. The cabin accommodated a pilot and two passengers. The proposed price was set as 150000 FRF.

An amphibian version was also built as the 310/1, but the added weight of the landing gear meant that only one passenger could be carried. Design and development ceased in 1931 with the lack of both orders and funds, and the factory closed in 1934 when the company was sold to Société des Avions Bernard.

Variants
Type 310
Production flying-boat, six built.
Type 310/1
Production amphibian, three built.

Specifications (Type 310)

See also

References

External links

FBA 310 on aviafrance.com

1930s French civil utility aircraft
FBA aircraft
Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930


Gustavo Pittaluga Fattorini (1876 in Florence, Italy – 1956 in Havana, Cuba) was a doctor and biologist. Nationalized Spanish in 1904 Pittaluga made contributions to the development of haematology and the parasitology, as well as by his contributions to national and international fight against malaria and other protozoans causing diseases. Pittaluga studied medicine in the University of Rome, where he became a doctor in 1900 with a thesis on acromegaly. Although he had become interested in psychiatry, a subject in which he never lost the interest, he became the assistant of the doctor and naturalist Giovanni Battista Grassi, a specialist in the zoology of invertebrates and protozoans. Grassi was the one of the team (including Pittaluga) who demonstrated that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.

References

1876 births
1956 deaths
Physicians from Florence
Reformist Party (Spain) politicians
Liberal Republican Right politicians
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Italian biologists
Italian entomologists
Spanish biologists
Spanish entomologists
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba
19th-century Spanish scientists
20th-century Italian scientists
Italian emigrants to Spain


Plerandra elegantissima (formerly called Schefflera elegantissima and Dizygotheca elegantissima), the  false aralia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to New Caledonia.

Description
Growing to  tall by  broad, it is an evergreen shrub or tree. Its leaves are thin, coppery red to dark green with toothed edges and consist of 7-11 leaflets. On adult plants the leaves are much broader. In autumn it bears clusters of pale green flowers followed by black fruit.

Cultivation
With a minimum temperature of , in temperate zones it is grown as a houseplant and is much more compact, typically reaching heights of . In cultivation, it needs a lot of light and humidity. The soil should dry out between watering. This plant has little branching and is sensitive to the appearance of mealybugs.

Under the name Schefflera elegantissima, this plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

References

elegantissima
Flora of New Caledonia
Trees of the Pacific
Ornamental trees


San Gaetano, also known as Santi Michele e Gaetano, is a Baroque church in Florence, Italy, located on the Piazza Antinori, entrusted to the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest.

History
A Romanesque church, dedicated solely to Saint Michael the Archangel, had been located at the site for centuries prior to its Baroque reconstruction. Patronized by the Theatine order, the new church was dedicated to Saint Cajetan, one of the founders of the order, though the church could not formally be named after him until his canonisation in 1671. Funding for this reconstruction was obtained from the noble families in Florence, including the Medicis. Cardinal Carlo de' Medici was particularly concerned with the work, and his name is inscribed on the façade. Building took place between 1604 and 1648. The original designs were by Bernardo Buontalenti but a number of architects had a hand in building it, each of whom changed the design. The most important architects were Matteo Nigetti and Gherardo Silvani.

In 2008, the church was entrusted to the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest, a traditional institute of clerical life which exclusively offers Mass in Latin according to the pre-Vatican II Roman Rite, and has been the site of ordinations for the order since.

Exterior
The façade, with its sculptural decorations, is  atypical for Florentine churches, which had a predilection for geometrically ornamented façades. It has three portals: the center portal has a triangular tympanum surmounted by reclining marble statues representing Faith and Charity, sculpted by the Flemish Baldassarre Delmosel. In the center above the door is the heraldic shield of the Theatine order; higher above is the shield of Cardinal Giovanni Carlo de Medici, a prominent patron. Above the side doors are a statue of St Cajetan (right, by the same Delmosel) and St Andrew Avellino (left, by Francesco Andreozzi).

Interior
The interior is richly decorated as is customary in Baroque churches. The counterfacade has an organ by Benedetto Tronci of Pistoia. The entrance marble holy water fonts were sculpted in the form of shells supported by angels by Domenico Pieratti. Along the cornice are 14 statues depicting apostles and evangelist, sculpted by Novelli, Caccini, Baratta, Foggini, Piamontini, Pettirossi, Fortini, and Cateni. With each of these statues is a bas-relief depicting an event in the life of each saints.

The first chapel on the right houses a Martyrdom of St Andrew by Antonio Ruggeri; the ceiling was decorated by Ottavio Vannini, who painted in the spandrels aa Ecce Homo and the Calling of Peter.

The second chapel on the right houses a St Michael frees the Souls in Purgatory by Vignali, who also painted the canvases on the wall depicting the life of St Peter. The ceiling was frescoed by Michele Colonna and Agostino Metello.

The third chapel on the right has an altarpiece depicting St Cajetan and St Andrea Avellino with the Trinity and St Francis of Assisi by Matteo Rosselli. A bust of St Francis on the altar was sculpted by Malatesti. The walls have portraits of Cardinal Francesco Martelli and the archbishop Giuseppe Maria Martelli, painted by Roman artists. In a small corridor entering at the crossing are two mausoleums, one with the ashes of Agostino Coltellini, famous jurist and writer, depicted in a canvas. The other is dedicated to Lorenzo Lorenzini, a pupil of Vincenzio Viviani.

On the right crossing is a canvas depicting the Adoration of the Magi by Ottaviano Vannini.  Below is a mausoleum of the Bonsi family. In the ceiling is a fresco depicting the Theatine order by Filippo Galletti.

The fourth chapel on the right is dedicated to the Virgin. The  Nativity altarpiece was painted by Matteo Rosselli. The walls are painted by Fabbrizio Boschi, depicting the Annunciation and Visitation. Atop the altar is a bronze crucifix by Giovanni Francesco Susini.

The fifth chapel houses the main altar with a silver ciborium made by Benedetto Petrucci, and donated by the Torrigiani family.

Near the choir is a large stone tabernacle with a bronze crucifix by Francesco Susini, patronized by Prince Lorenzo de' Medici, son of Ferdinando I. The cupola is frescoed by Pietro Galletti.

The sixth chapel houses an oil painting on canvas depicting the Invention of the Cross painted by Matteo Rosselli. Two other paintings and the frescoes are by Bilibert and by Vignali.

At the end of the crossing is a canvas by Giovanni Bilibert, depicting the Exaltation of the Cross standing above the mausoleum of Cardinal Giovanni Bonsi.

The seventh chapel houses a San Andrea Avellino stuck with apoplexy at the altar by Ignazio Hugsford. The wall frescoes depict the Presentation at the Temple by Francesco and Alfonso Boschi. The ceiling was decorated by Lorenzo Lippi.

In the eighth chapel (second chapel on the left) is the Cappella Franceschi, the chapel of the Franceschi noble family of bankers and traders. The main altarpiece is a masterwork of Pietro da Cortona, depicting a Martyrdom of St Lawrence. The ceiling was decorated by Colonna and Metelli. The side canvases depict the Riches of the Church dispensed as Charity by St Lawrence by Matteo Rosselli and a St Francis by Jacopo da Empoli.

The ninth chapel has a canvas depicting the Adoration of the Immaculate Conception by Giacinto Fabbroni. The ceiling was frescoed by P. Galletti. The chapel serves as the mausoleum for Francesco and Marcellino Albergotti, both depicted in bas-reliefs.

Statues of Apostoles and Evangelists

Left side (from the altar to the counterfacade)

Lato destro (dall'altare alla controfacciata)

References

Gaetano
Baroque architecture in Florence
Churches completed in 1648
17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
1640s establishments in Italy
Theatine churches
Churches used by the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest


The RPG-75 is a portable, disposable, single-shot anti-tank weapon, developed in the 1970s in Czechoslovakia. It fires a 68 mm grenade (the projectile is not a rocket) with an effective range of 300 meters and maximum range of 1000 meters. It resembles the American M72 LAW rocket launcher. This recoilless rifle is recommended to be used against light tanks and armoured tracked vehicles.

Versions
RPG-75-MP
Improved version with dual purpose projectile, comprising of both HEAT and thermobaric warheads.

RPG-75-M
Improved version with HEAT projectile.

RPG-75-TB
Improved version with thermobaric projectile, introduced in 2009.

RPG-Nh-75
Designated for training ball firing. Identical with combat version, only with inert projectile.

RPG-Cv-75
Designated for firing practise. Contains embedded 7.65 mm barrel - reusable.

RPG-Šk-75
Designated for firing preparation, target aiming and trigerring. Contains no explosive or spotting charge.

Specifications
Length (folded for transport): 633 mm
Length (combat ready): 890 mm
Weight: 3.2 kg
Weight of projectile: 0.8 kg
Weight of explosive: 0.32 kg
Bore diameter: 68 mm
Maximum effective range against moving target: 200 metres
Maximum effective range against fixed target: 300 metres
Maximum range: 1  000 metres
Penetration: 330 mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA)
Time of flight to autodestruction: 3 - 6 second
Muzzle velocity: 189 metres per second
Operating temperature: −40 to +50 °C
Ammunition: projectile with HEAT warhead

Users

: SWAPO

References

Anti-tank rockets
Rocket-propelled grenade launchers
Weapons of Czechoslovakia


Thomas Wesley Mills (1847–1915), generally referred to as T. Wesley Mills in the scientific literature, was a Canadian physician and  physiologist who worked as a professor at McGill University. Mills was Canada's first professional physiologist and authored books and research articles on comparative physiology, animal behavior, and the physiology of voice production.

After graduating from the University of Toronto and teaching high school for two years, Mills began medical studies at McGill in 1876 and graduated with high honors in 1878. Mills was a close associate of William Osler, who influenced the direction of his career and introduced him to an international network of biomedical researchers. Mills traveled to London where he worked with John Scott Burdon-Sanderson and Edward Albert Schafer, Baltimore where he worked with H. Newell Martin at Johns Hopkins University, Strasbourg with Felix Hoppe-Seyler and Friedrich Goltz, and Berlin with Hugo Kronecker.

Mills began teaching physiology at McGill in 1884, eventually becoming the first Joseph Morley Drake Chair professor of physiology in 1891. He founded the Society for the Study of Comparative Physiology in 1885, was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1890, and became president of the Natural History Society of Montreal in 1894.

Selected publications

A Text-Book of Animal Physiology (1889)
The Nature and Development of Animal Intelligence (1898)
Voice Production in Singing and Speaking, Based on Scientific Principles (1913)

References

External links

 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Canadian physiologists
Canadian medical researchers
University of Toronto alumni
1847 births
1915 deaths


The 1894 Louisville Colonels season was the third season for the baseball team in the National League. The team finished in last place in the league with a 36–94 record.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1894 Louisville Colonels team page at Baseball Reference

Louisville Colonels seasons
Louisville Colonels season
Louisville Colonels


Aster tataricus, also called Tartarian aster and Tatarinow's aster, is a member of the Aster genus of flowering plants.

Uses

Culinary
Known as gaemichwi () in Korean, the plant is considered a chwinamul (edible Aster) variety used in Korean cuisine.

Medicinal
It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs of traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name zǐwǎn ().  It has an antibacterial action, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Bacillus dysenteriae, B. typhi, Pseudomonas and Vibrio proteus.

In culture
In Japan, Aster tataricus is known as shion, or . The flower has a meaning in hanakotoba, the Japanese language of flowers, which corresponds to "I won't forget you."

References

External links

Plants for a future Database

tataricus
Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Plants described in 1782
Flora of Korea


In the mathematical fields of the calculus of variations and differential geometry, the variational vector field is a certain type of vector field defined on the tangent bundle of a differentiable manifold which gives rise to variations along a vector field in the manifold itself.

Specifically, let X be a vector field on M.  Then X generates a one-parameter group of local diffeomorphisms FlXt, the flow along X.  The differential of FlXt gives, for each t, a mapping

where TM denotes the tangent bundle of M.  This is a one-parameter group of local diffeomorphisms of the tangent bundle.  The variational vector field of X, denoted by T(X) is the tangent to the flow of d FlXt.

References

Calculus of variations


The Middle Rio Grande AVA is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) with a wine grape heritage dating back to 1629. Located in New Mexico, it is part of American wine’s larger New Mexico wine region. The region is located from Santa Fe to the bosque of the Rio Grande, centering around the Albuquerque metropolitan area. It was officially designated as an AVA in 1988.

The AVA encompasses  of land in a narrow strip along the Rio Grande valley from Santa Fe to Belen, just south of Albuquerque. The land ranges from  in elevation. The climate is semi-arid, with warm days and cool nights. Sub-freezing temperatures occur in the winter.
A variety of Vitis vinifera and French hybrid grapes are grown. New Mexico State University has conducted viticultural research in test vineyards in the Middle Rio Grande Valley at the Los Lunas Agricultural Science Center.

See also
 New Mexico wine

References

External links
Middle Rio Grande Valley Wineries AmericanWineryGuide.com

American Viticultural Areas
New Mexico wine
Rio Grande
Geography of Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Geography of Santa Fe County, New Mexico
Geography of Valencia County, New Mexico
Tourist attractions in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Tourist attractions in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
Tourist attractions in Valencia County, New Mexico
1988 establishments in New Mexico


The Diocese of Caserta () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church  in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples.  In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees.  In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics; in 2016, there was one priest for every 2,008 Catholics. The diocesan Major Seminary currently (2019) has four seminarians.

History

It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election by the cathedral Chapter in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua, the papal legate of the duchy of Capua. The cathedral Chapter was headed by three dignities (the Dean, the Archdeacon, and the Primicerius), in addition to whom there were eighteen Canons. A fourth dignity, the Archpriest, was added by Bishop Antonio Ricciulli (1639–1641).

In 1479, the diocese recovered by testamentary bequest the fiefs of Poccianello (Pozzianello) and Pozzovetere, which had been illegally seized and held by the Counts of Caserta. Bishop Agapito Bellomo (1554–1594), however, alienated them again, to the Princes of Caserta, to the anger of the ecclesiastical authorities (the Kingdom of Naples was a papal fief, and the pope was the overlord), which brought on extensive litigation with civil authorities.

In 1567, Bishop Agapito Bellomo (1554–1594) began the construction of a seminary building for Caserta, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. The institution was hampered, however, by a meager endowment, and the difficulties associated with introducing reform into the diocese. The choice of a site in Casertavecchio was unfortunate, since the bishops did not reside in the town, but in one of their palaces, either at Puccianiello or at Falciano. In 1708, Bishop Giuseppe Schinosi (1696–1734) moved the major seminary to Falciano. The major seminary was moved to Casertanuova in 1842, by decree of Pope Gregory XVI, though, between 1848 and 1860, the seminary was in temporary quarters until the new building in Casertanuova was completed.

In 1597, Bishop Benedetto Mandina (1594–1604) held a diocesan synod, during which he decreed the establishment of a Canon Theologus in the cathedral. He noted that his predecessor, Bishop Agapito Bellomo had already established the office of Canon Penitentiary, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. Bishop Ettore del Quarto (1734–1747) held a diocesan synod on 8 May 1745. Bishop Enrico de Rossi (1856–1893) held a diocesan synod on 8—10 May 1884.

In 1690, the city (civitas) of Caserta had a total population of c. 300 persons.

In 1750, King Charles VII of Naples purchased the entire feudal property of Caserta, which belonged to Count Michelangelo Gaetani. The king had been informed by his medical staff of the salubrious nature of the area. He announced plans to build a royal palace on a site some 7.5 km from Caserta Vecchia, which would become Caserta Nova. The population and government of Caserta Vecchia would be moved to the new site. Ground was broken for the new palace on the King's birthday, 20 January 1752. The palace was completed under the next king, Ferdinand IV, in 1774. Provisions for a new diocesan seat were delayed, however, by the long minority of King Ferdinand, by the French invasion, by the Parthenopean Republic, by the reconquest, by the kingship of Joseph Bonaparte, and the kingship of Joachim Murat.

On 2 May 1754, the King of Naples acquired the right to nominate the bishop of Caserta, subject to the approval of the pope.

Concordat of 1818
Following the extinction of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, the Congress of Vienna authorized the restoration of the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. Since the French occupation had seen the abolition of many Church institutions in the Kingdom, as well as the confiscation of most Church property and resources, it was imperative that Pope Pius VII and King Ferdinand IV reach agreement on restoration and restitution. Ferdinand, however, was not prepared to accept the pre-Napoleonic situation, in which Naples was a feudal subject of the papacy. Lengthy, detailed, and acrimonious negotiations ensued.

In 1818, a new concordat with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies committed the pope to the suppression of more than fifty small dioceses in the kingdom. The ecclesiastical province of Naples was spared from any suppressions, but the province of Capua was affected. Pope Pius VII, in the bull "De Utiliori" of 27 June 1818, chose to unite the two dioceses of Calvi and Teano under the leadership of one bishop, aeque principaliter. He also suppressed the diocese of Venafro completely, and assigned its people and territory to the diocese of Isernia. Similarly, Carinola was suppressed and assigned to Suessa. Caiazzo was suppressed, and assigned to the diocese of Caserta.  In the same concordat, the King was confirmed in the right to nominate candidates for vacant bishoprics, subject to the approval of the pope. That situation persisted down until the final overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy in 1860.

The diocese of Caiazzo was revived, however, and a new bishop was appointed on 15 March 1852. Caserta lost the territory which it had gained in 1818.

New cathedral in Casertanuova
After the second Bourbon restoration, King Ferdinando IV (Ferdinando I of the Two Sicilies) accepted the proposal of Bishop Francesco Gualtieri (1818–1832) that a new cathedral be constructed in Casertanuova. The first stone was laid on 30 May 1822. In 1832, the new church near the royal palace, built under the patronage of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and intended to be the new cathedral, was consecrated. It was dedicated to S. Michele Arcangelo. It did not become a cathedral, however, until 1841, when, responding to the petition of Bishop Domenico Narni Mancinelli (1832–1848), and with the agreement of Ferdinand II, Pope Gregory XVI authorized the transfer of the episcopal seat from Casertavecchia.

In the papal bull, "Inter Apostolicae", of 15 July 1841, Pope Gregory permanently suppressed the current cathedral in Casertavecchia, and reduced it to the status of a simple parish church. The bishop was to appoint a parochial vicar, and pay his salary; care of the parishioners was to be in the hands of the Alcantarine fathers. The new cathedral was to be the church of S. Michele Arcangelo in Casertanuova, and it was designated to be a parish church as well (to be administered by a Vicar Curate). The new cathedral was to be administered by a cathedral Chapter, which was to consist of four dignities and twenty Canons (one of whom was to be the Theologus, and the other the Penitentiarius). Of the four thousand Masses which were formerly said in the old cathedral, three thousand were to be transferred to the new cathedral.

The Pope also ordered the closing of the seminary in Casertavecchia, and the consolidation of the students with the seminary of Falciano, near Casertanuova.

The new cathedral was found to be inadequate both for architectural splendor befitting a royal capital and capital of a province, and the inadequate liturgical space for episcopal functions. Agitation for a replacement began even as the cathedral was being completed. Bishop Enrico de Rossi therefore began the construction of a newer cathedral, laying the foundation stone on 8 May 1859. It was financed by the King, who took possession of the episcopal residence and seminary in Falciano, which were turned into military buildings. A newer episcopal palace and seminary were constructed in Casertanuova, near the newer cathedral.

New ecclesiastical province
Following the Second Vatican Council, and in accordance with the norms laid out in the Council's decree, Christus Dominus chapter 40, major changes were made in the ecclesiastical administrative structure of southern Italy.  Wide consultations had taken place with the bishops and other prelates who would be affected. Action, however, was deferred, first by the death of Pope Paul VI on 6 August 1978, then the death of Pope John Paul I on 28 September 1978, and the election of Pope John Paul II on 16 October 1978. Pope John Paul II issued a decree, "Quamquam Ecclesia," on 30 April 1979, ordering the changes. Three ecclesiastical provinces were abolished entirely: those of Conza, Capua, and Sorrento. A new ecclesiastical province was created, to be called the Regio Campana, whose Metropolitan was the Archbishop of Naples. The dioceses formerly members of the suppressed Province of Capua (Gaeta, Calvi and Teano, Caserta, and Sessa Arunca) became suffragans of Naples.

Bishops of Caserta

to 1600

...
Ranulfus (attested 1113, 1127)
Nicolaus (attested 1130)
Joannes (attested 1153–1164)
...
Porphyrius (attested 1178–1183)
...
Stabile (attested 1208)
...
Hieronymus
Andreas (1234)
...
Roger (Ruggero) (1241–1264)
Ennichius (attested 1267) Administrator
Philippus, O.Min. (attested 1267)
Nicolaus de Fiore (attested 1279)
Secundus (1285)
Atto (Azzo) (attested 1290, 1310)
Antonius, O.Min. (attested 1310)
Benvenutus (attested 1322–c. 1343)
Nicolaus (1344–1351)
Jacobus Martoni (1351–1370)
Nicolaus Sullimene (1374– ? )
Lisulus Avignon Obedience
Joannes de Achillo (1394– ? ) Avignon Obedience
Ludovicus Landi (1397–1413) Roman Obedience
Logerius (1413–1415?) Roman Obedience?
Giovanni Acresta, O.P. (1415– ? )
Stefano de Raho (1450– ? )
Joannes (attested in 1456)
Antonio Cicco da Pontecorvo, O.F.M. (5 Nov 1459 – 21 Apr 1477)
Giovanni de Lioni Gallucci (1477–1493)
Giovanni Battista Petrucci (1493–1514)
Giambattista Boncianni (1514–1532)
Pietro Lamberti (1533–1541)
Girolamo Verallo (1541–1544)
Girolamo Dandini (14 Nov 1544 –1546)
Marzio Cerboni (17 May 1546 – 1549 Died)
Bernardino Maffei (7 Jun 1549 – 9 Nov 1549 Appointed, Archbishop of Chieti)
Federico Cesi (9 Nov 1549 – 12 Feb 1552 Resigned)
Antonio Bernardo de Mirandola (12 Feb 1552 – 1554 Resigned)
Agapito Bellomo (5 Dec 1554 – 1594 Died)
Benedetto Mandina, C.R. (1594–1604)

1600 to 1900

Diodato Gentile, O.P. (1604–1616)
Antonio Díaz (18 May 1616 – 31 Mar 1626 Resigned)
Giuseppe della Corgna (Cornea), O.P. (27 May 1626 –1636)
Alessandro Suardi ((Fabrizio Suardi) (9 Feb 1637 – Apr 1638 Died)
Antonio Ricciulli (7 Feb 1639 –1641)
Bruno Sciamanna (10 Mar 1642 – 1647 Died)
Bartolomeo Cresconi (6 May 1647 – 16 Apr 1660 Died)
Giambattista Ventriglia (20 Sep 1660 – 23 Dec 1662 Died)
Giuseppe de Auxilio (2 Jul 1663 – 28 Jul 1668 Died)
Bonaventura Cavalli, O.F.M. (10 Dec 1668 –1689)
Ippolito Berarducci, O.S.B. (1690–1695)
Giuseppe Schinosi (1696–1734)
Ettore Quarti (del Quarto) (1734–1747)
Antonio Falangola (29 May 1747 – 25 Mar 1761 Died)
Gennaro Maria Albertini, C.R. (13 Jul 1761 – 26 May 1767 Died)
Nicola Filomarini (Filomarino), O.S.B. (31 Aug 1767 – 4 Sep 1781 Died)
Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte, C.R. (25 Feb 1782 –1802)
Vincenzo Rogadei, O.S.B. (1805–1816)
Francesco Saverio Gualtieri (1818–1831)
Domenico Narni Mancinelli (24 Feb 1832 – 17 Apr 1848 Died)
Vincenzo Rozzolino (28 Sep 1849 – 10 Nov 1855 Died)
Enrico de Rossi (16 Jun 1856 – 12 Jun 1893 Resigned)
Gennaro Cosenza (1893–1913)

since 1900
Mario Palladino (4 Jun 1913 – 17 Oct 1921 Died)
Gabriele Natale Moriondo, O.P. (19 May 1922 – 1 Jun 1943 Resigned)
Bartolomeo Mangino (18 Feb 1946 – 26 May 1965 Died)
Vito Roberti (15 Aug 1965 – 6 Jun 1987 Retired)
Francesco Cuccarese (6 Jun 1987 – 21 Apr 1990 Appointed, Archbishop of Pescara-Penne)
Raffaele Nogaro (20 Oct 1990 – 25 Apr 2009 Retired)
Pietro Farina (25 Apr 2009 – 24 Sep 2013 Died)
Giovanni D'Alise (21 Mar 2014 – 4 October 2020 Died)
Pietro Lagnese (19 Dec 2020 – present)

Notes and references

Bibliography

Reference works
 p. 870-871.(Use with caution; obsolete)

Studies

Giorgi, Lucia (2008). "Le residenze dei vescovi di Caserta dalla fine del 1400 e gli interventi barocchi nella cattedrale di S. Michele Archangelo di Casertavecchia," in: Rivista di Terra di Lavoro. Bolletino on-line dell'Archivio di Stato di Caserta. Vol. III, no. 1 (April 2008), pp. 21–49.
Kamp, Norbert (1973). Kirche und Monarchie im staufischen Königreich Sizilien. Prosopographische Grundlegung. Bistümer und Bischöfe des Königreichs 1194-1266. 1. Abruzzen und Kampanien, Munich 1973, pp. 169–177.
Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1925). Italia pontificia Vol. VIII (Berlin: Weidmann 1925), pp. 276–278.

Caserta

Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta
Caserta
Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta


The 1895 Louisville Colonels baseball team finished with a 35–96 record and was last place in the National League for the second straight season.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1895 Louisville Colonels team page at Baseball Reference

Louisville Colonels seasons
Louisville Colonels season
Louisville Colonels


"Alice" is a song by the American electronica musician Moby. It was released as the second single from his eighth studio album, Last Night, on 10 March 2008. It features guest vocals from the British MC Aynzli Jones and members of the Nigerian group 419 Squad.

The music video was directed by Andreas Nilsson and is a collage of footage interspersed with Jones' head performing the song, along with clips of explosions and scientific experiments, and scenes of violence and discrimination from classic B-movies; one such scene is from the film Blood Tide which has James Earl Jones punching a watermelon in time to the music.

Track listing
 CD single
 "Alice"  – 3:36
 "Alice"  – 5:03
 "Alice"  – 5:10
 "Alice"  – 6:19
 12-inch single
 "Alice"  – 5:03
 "Alice" – 4:27
 "Alice"  – 6:20
 "Alice"  – 4:01
 Digital single
 "Alice"  – 3:33
 Digital EP
 "Alice"  – 3:36
 "Alice"  – 5:03
 "Alice"  – 5:10
 "Alice"  – 6:20
 "Alice"  – 4:01

Charts

References

External links

2008 singles
Moby songs
Mute Records singles
2008 songs
Songs written by Moby


Walter Patterson is the name of:
Walter Patterson (governor) (1735 or 1742 – 1798), colonial governor
Walter Patterson (U.S. politician), U.S. Representative from New York
Walt Patterson, environmentalist