Christopher Kubasik, also known as Chris Kubasik (born 1963), is an American author of several role-playing games, sourcebooks, adventures and fiction novels set in them, and has created his own TV series.

Career
Kubasik worked at FASA Corporation for five years from 1987-1992. Kubasik has contributed to Earthdawn, BattleTech, Shadowrun, Star Wars, TORG, and Advanced Dungeons & Dragons role-playing games. He has written tie-in novels for Earthdawn, BattleTech and Shadowrun. Greg Gorden designed the rules for Earthdawn, while Kubasik created the world for the game.

Kubasik has done screenwriting for New Line Cinema. In 2006 he worked as the Head Writer for the Internet show "Stranger Adventures," which was nominated for three Emmy Awards for Broadband Entertainment in 2006.  He also was the creator and head writer of the television series The Booth At The End.  In 2008, he compared the Internet's effect on film-making to the Wild West, saying "It's like we are in California 100 years ago, with a movie camera and a tent setting up on the side of a river, saying: 'OK, what are we going to shoot today?'"

Works
Battletech novels
Ideal War, 1993,
Earthdawn novels
 The Longing Ring, 1993,
 Mother Speaks, 1994,
 Poisoned Memories, 1994,
Shadowrun novels
 Changeling, 1992,
Torg supplements
 The Living Land, 1990
 The Destiny Map, 1990

References

External links

1963 births
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
Dungeons & Dragons game designers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Role-playing game writers


Frame of Mind is an American movie about the John F. Kennedy assassination. The film stars Carl T. Evans – who also directed the film – along with Chris Noth, Eric Michael Espiritu, and Tony Lo Bianco. Peter Criss, original drummer for the rock band Kiss, also appears in the movie.  The film tells the story of New Jersey Detective David Secca, who discovers what appears to be new evidence relating to President Kennedy's assassination. The premises for the fictional account (there is no online record of any real "Vincent Garbone" the alleged Mafia hitman in the story) are three frames of a homemade movie clip, a rifle that matches the one used by Lee Harvey Oswald, and a relationship between the Mafia and an aged employee of the NSA (to which the audience has privileged access). The lead cop spends the rest of the time gradually increasing the significance of the clip of a man hiding a rifle under his coat at Dealey Plaza to the point where he can convince Kennedy assassination expert and author played by Chris Noth that the images are relevant, as people start dying around them and the CIA and mob start responding to his interest.

References

External links

American films based on actual events
Films set in New Jersey
Films shot in New Jersey
2009 drama films
2009 films


Carl Nicks, Jr. (born May 14, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, and was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the fifth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

College career
Nicks graduated from North Salinas High School in Salinas, California in 2003.  Before transferring to Nebraska, Nicks played at New Mexico State and then at Hartnell College, a community college in Salinas. Following the 2005 season at Hartnell, Nicks was rated the No. 7 junior college prospect from the state of California by JCGridiron.com. During his time at Nebraska, Nicks was known for his problems on and off the field, but in 2010, Nicks returned to Lincoln to apologize to head coach Bo Pelini for his behavior during his time at Nebraska.

Professional career

New Orleans Saints
In his rookie season, he replaced Jamar Nesbit in the starting lineup after Nesbit violated the league substance abuse policy. His play exceeded expectations and Nicks finished his rookie year playing in all 16 games and starting 13. After starting all 16 games in 2009 and the Saints three post-season games, he went into the 2010 season as the starting left guard. He was named to the Pro Bowl in 2010 and 2011 and was a first-team All-Pro selection in 2011.

Nicks gave a profanity-laced radio interview after the Saints win in Super Bowl XLIV in which he excitedly shouted "I'm going to mother-fucking Disneyland!" as the Saints left the field after winning the game.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Nicks signed a five-year, $47.5 million contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on March 14, 2012. On October 30, 2012, Nicks was placed on injured reserve with a toe problem requiring surgery.  He had not missed a game since joining the NFL.

Before the season began in 2013, Nicks and kicker Lawrence Tynes were diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, causing him to miss week one of the season.

On July 25, 2014 the Buccaneers and Nicks mutually agreed to part ways, ending his tenure with the team. After signing as an unrestricted free agent during the 2012 offseason, Nicks played in nine games for the Buccaneers over the past two seasons.

Health issues, including a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, forced his early retirement. He was inducted into the New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame on October 29, 2017.

References

External links
Nebraska Cornhuskers bio
NFL Draft Player Profile
New Orleans Saints bio
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio

1985 births
Living people
Players of American football from San Francisco
Players of American football from Salinas, California
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
New Mexico State Aggies football players
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
New Orleans Saints players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Hartnell Panthers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
North Salinas High School alumni


Vittorio Storaro is an Italian cinematographer, and member of the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) and Italian Society of Cinematographers (AIC). Storaro's early films were made in his homeland of Italy, where he began early collaborations with Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci, with whom he has continued to collaborate with throughout his career. Storaro and Bertolucci's first major project was the 1970 film The Conformist, based on the Italian novel of the same name.

Storaro's first American film was Apocalypse Now, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Storaro won an Academy Award for his work on the film, followed by two more Oscars for his work on Reds and The Last Emperor, and a nomination for Dick Tracy. Storaro also acted as cinematographer on films such as Last Tango in Paris, Ishtar, Bulworth, and Exorcist: The Beginning. In addition to Bertolucci and Coppola, Storaro has worked with directors such as Richard Donner, Warren Beatty, and Carlos Saura. Throughout his career, Storaro has been nominated for and won many awards for his work as a cinematographer, including a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Cinematographers.

Filmography

Short film

Feature film

Documentary film

Television
TV series

Miniseries

TV movies

Awards and nominations

References

 General

 . Note: User must define search parameters, i.e. "Vittorio Storaro."

 Specific

External links

Storaro, Vittorio


Fairmount station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the Fairmount Line. It is located in the Hyde Park area, under the Fairmount Avenue overpass. Fairmount station opened in 1979 during Southwest Corridor reconstruction; intended to be temporary, it eventually became a permanent stop.

History

Previous service

Service on the Fairmount Line (as the Dorchester Branch of the Norfolk County Railroad and later the New York and New England Railroad and New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad) began in 1855 and lasted until 1944. The service included a stop named Hyde Park at Fairmount Avenue, and a stop named Fairmount (also called Glenwood) near Glenwood Avenue. Another station, currently known as , is located in Hyde Park six blocks to the west. During their histories, both stations were referred to both as "Hyde Park" and as "Fairmount". The grade crossings at Fairmount Avenue, and at Dana Street (Bridge Street) nearby, were replaced with road bridges in 1909.

Fairmount Line
The Dorchester Branch (also known as the Midland Route) was reopened as a bypass in November 1979 during Southwest Corridor construction, including stops at Uphams Corner, Morton Street, and Fairmount. This station was originally built at minimal cost, with small low-level platforms and no direct access to Morton Street. The station was not handicapped accessible, as service over the route was intended to be temporary. However, it was popular with residents of the communities the line passed through: by 1983, over 600 riders per day boarded at Fairmount, enough to justify service to both Fairmount and nearby Hyde Park after the end of construction.

When the Southwest Corridor reopened in October 1987, the Fairmount shuttle service was retained as the Fairmount Line.  Fairmount was the terminus of the line until it was extended to Readville on November 30, 1987.

Renovation

A major renovation of Fairmount station began in early 2003. The $7 million project, which was completed in 2004-05, added 1-car-length high platforms and ramps to the  Fairmount Avenue overpass to make the station handicapped accessible. During the construction, new temporary platforms were built slightly northeast of the station.

Uphams Corner and Morton Street stations received full-length high level platforms in renovations that finished in 2007. When Blue Hill Avenue, the last of four new stations, was completed in 2017, Fairmount and Readville became the only stations on the line without full-length high-level platforms. The MBTA wishes to eventually add high-level platforms at Fairmount to speed boarding, but there are no current plans to do so.

As part of a long-term shift of the Fairmount Line from commuter rail to a rapid transit-like service, Fairmount was shifted from Zone 1 to Zone 1A on July 1, 2013, making a trip to South Station equal to a rapid transit fare. This equalized all fares on the line except trips to/from Readville.

References

External links

MBTA – Fairmount
Google Maps Street View: from Walnut Street, from Fairmount Court, from Fairmount Avenue

MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Boston
Former New York and New England Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1979
Hyde Park, Boston


The Leslie Fox Prize for Numerical Analysis of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) is a biennial prize established in 1985 by the IMA in honour of mathematician Leslie Fox (1918-1992). The prize honours "young numerical analysts worldwide" (any person who is less than 31 years old), and applicants submit papers for review. A committee reviews the papers, invites shortlisted candidates to give lectures at the Leslie Fox Prize meeting, and then awards First Prize and Second Prizes based on "mathematical and algorithmic brilliance in tandem with presentational skills."

Prize winners list
Source: Institute of Mathematics and its Applications
 1985 - Lloyd N. Trefethen (inaugural prize winner)
 1986 - J. W. Demmel and N. I. M. Gould
 1988 - Nicholas J. Higham
 1989 - 3 first prizes: Martin Buhmann ("Multivariable cardinal interpolation with radial basis functions"), Bart De Moor ("The restrictricted singular value decomposition: properties and applications"), Andrew M. Stuart ("Linear instability implies spurious periodic solutions")
 1991 - Christopher Budd and J. F. B. M. Kraaijevanger
 1993 - Yuying Li
 1995 - Adrian Hill
 1997 - Wim Sweldens, ("The Lifting Scheme: A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets")
 1999 - Niles Pierce and Reha Tütüncü
 2001 - Anna-Karin Tornberg
 2003 - Jared Tanner
 2005 - Roland Opfer and Paul Tupper
 2007 - Yoichiro Mori  and Ioana Dumitriu
 2009 - Brian Sutton
 2011 - Yuji Nakatsukasa
 2013 - Michael Neilan
 2015 - Iain Smears and Alex Townsend
 2017 - Nicole Spillane
 2019 - Yunan Yang
 2021 - Lindon Roberts
 2023 - Alice Cortinovis and Melanie Weber

Second Prize awardees
Source: Institute of Mathematics and its Applications

 1985 - Nicholas Higham (Manchester), S.P.J. Matthews (Dundee), P.K. Sweby (Reading), Y. Yuan (Cambridge)
 1986 - J.L. Barlow (Penn State), J. Scott (Oxford), A.J. Wathen (Bristol)
 1988 - T. Hagstrom (SUNY, Stony Brook), P.T. Harker (Univ of Pennsylvania), I.R.H. Jackson (Cambridge), T. Tang (Leeds)
 1989 - M. Ainsworth (Durham), R.H. Chan (Hong Kong), Alan Edelman (MIT), Desmond Higham (Toronto)
 1991 - J. Levesley (Coventry), P.D. Loach (Bristol), B.F. Smith (Argonne), H. Zha (Stanford)
 1993 - A. Edelman (Berkeley), D.J. Higham (Dundee), Z. Jia (Bielefeld), P. Lin (Oxford), R. Mathias (Minnesota)
 1995 - X-W. Chang (McGill), L. Jay (Minnesota), Y. Liu (Cambridge), K-C. Toh (Cornell), D. Wang (Purdue)
 1997 - T.A. Driscoll (Boulder), Valeria Simoncini (Pavia), Eric de Sturler (Zurich), R.H. Tütüncü (Carnegie-Mellon), Antonella Zanna (Cambridge), T. Zhang (Stanford)
 1999 - Aurelian Bejancu (Cambridge), Vincent Heuveline (Heidelberg), Paul Houston (Oxford), Ross Lippert (Sandia National Laboratories)
 2001 - Tilo Arens (Brunel University), Begona Cano (University of Valladolid), Eric Darve (Stanford University), Jing-Rebecca Li (Courant Institute NYU), Dominik Schötzau (University of Minnesota), Divakar Viswanath (University of Chicago)
 2003 - Melvin Leok (California Institute of Technology), Adam Oberman (University of Texas), Marc Schweitzer (University of Bonn), Tatjana Stykel (University of Calgary), Boris Vexler (University of  Heidelberg)
 2005 - Lehel Banjai (MPI, Leipzig), Coralia Cartis (University of Oxford), Johan Hoffman (Chalmers University), Fabio Nobile (Politecnico di Milano), Adam Oberman (Simon Fraser University)
 2007 - Timo Betcke (University of Manchester), Laurent Demanet (Stanford University), Daniel Kressner (University of Zagreb), Emre Mengi (UC San Diego), Sheehan Olver (University of Cambridge)
 2009 - Stefano Giani (Nottingham University), Daan Huybrechs (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Armin Lechleiter (CMAPX, Polytechnique), Colin B. Macdonald (Mathematics, UCLA), Liuqiang Zhong (Xiangtan University)
 2011 - Ben Adcock (Simon Fraser University), Arnulf Jentzen (Princeton University), Richard Norton (University of Oxford), Bart Vandereycken (ETH), Konstantinos Zygalakis (University of Oxford)
 2013 - Ingrid von Glehn (University of Oxford), Georges Klein (University of Fribourg), Martin Takáč (University of Edinburgh), Alex Townsend (University of Oxford), Andre Uschmajew (Technische Universität Berlin).
 2015 - Patrick Farrell (University of Oxford), Olivier Fercoq (Telecom ParisTech), John Pearson (University of Kent), Clarice Poon (Cambridge University)
 2017 - Mario Berljafa (KU Leuven), Evan Gawlik (University of California, San Diego), Robert Gower (Ecole Normale Superieure), Lise-Marie Imbert-Gerard (New York University), Aretha Teckentrup (University of Edinburgh)
 2019 - Alexander Bastounis (Cambridge University), Simone Brugiapaglia (Simon Fraser University), Daniel Fortunato (Harvard University), Abdul-Lateef Haji-Ali (Heriot-Watt University)
 2021 - Nicolas Boulle (University of Oxford), Derek Driggs (University of Cambridge), Theo Mary (Sorbonne University), Barbara Verfurth (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
 2023 - Matthew Colbrook (Cambridge), Matteo Croci (UT Austin), Ioannis Papadopoulos (Imperial College London), Shanyin Tong (Columbia University)

See also

 List of mathematics awards

References

Mathematics awards
Early career awards
Awards established in 1985
British science and technology awards
Awards for scholarly publications
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom


The Scherzo No. 1 in B minor, Op. 20, is a composition for solo piano written by Frédéric Chopin and dedicated to Thomas Albrecht. As to the genesis of this Scherzo, little is known beyond the 1835 publication date, though it is presumed to have been completed around 1833. The piece begins with the tempo marking Presto con fuoco. The piece is dark, dramatic, and lively. It is complex and considered to be one of Chopin's more difficult works.

Structure
This first Scherzo takes A-B-A-Coda form and begins with two chords in fortissimo. At tremendous speed, a series of dramatic outbursts in the B minor tonic follows. Near the center of the piece, the music leads into a slower section in B major; finally one hears a tangible melody in the middle register, surrounded by accompaniment in both the left and upper right hands. Chopin quotes here from an old Polish Christmas song (Lulajże, Jezuniu / Sleep, little Jesus); the tempo in this section is marked Molto più lento. The B major area dissolves as the harmony mysteriously changes character via secondary dominant. The two chords from the beginning reappear, superimposed over vestiges of the middle section. Then the beginning presto repeats itself in the familiar minor tonic.

The lead-in to the dramatic, virtuosic coda is similar to the approach toward the Molto più lento, but slightly different (as it is with Chopin's Second and Third Scherzi). This final section incorporates dizzying arpeggiated flights up and down almost the entire keyboard, suspended by a climactic series of nine ten-note chords (E diminished seventh (with diminished third), augmented sixth chord in root position, secondary leading-tone chord of tonic B). After the resolution and a rapid chromatic ascent over four octaves in both hands, the piece comes to a despairing conclusion via a bold  plagal cadence in the minor mode: very different in character from the plagal cadence for the "Amen" at the end of a hymn, which is invariably in major.

In his rendition of the Scherzo No. 1, Vladimir Horowitz famously duplicated the chromatic scale near the ending into interlocking octaves, a technique he often used as his signature on other pieces. The interlocking octaves were meant to be played at the same speed as the original chromatic scale. Franz Liszt was reputedly the first to play it this way. Theodor Kullak in his 1882 edition added the comment: "most virtuosos execute this scale in octaves".

History
This piece was written in 1831, during the November Uprising against the Russian Empire. A friend of Chopin's, Thomas Albrecht, to whom it was dedicated, convinced him to stay in Vienna, away from his family in Poland, to build his musical career. During this time he only played one concert, where he performed his concerto in E minor. Because of the struggle and the war, his compositions changed from pieces of a brilliant style to works in a new, darker tonality. Chopin composed this piece and several of the Opus 10 etudes around the same time.

Scherzo is "joke" in Italian, and Robert Schumann commented on the work's apparent disregard for its title: "How is 'gravity' to clothe itself if 'jest' goes about in dark veils?"  It is dark, suspenseful, and full of chaos - the first clear melody is in the slow B major middle section, but returns to a chaotic murmur soon after. It is hypothesized that this portrayed Chopin's feelings toward the war, or told a story about rebellion in his homeland. This may reflect Brahms' sentiment with his own ironic scherzos.

References

External links

Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Compositions for solo piano
1831 compositions
Compositions in B minor


Arthur Posnansky (1873–1946), often called "Arturo", was at various times in his life an engineer, explorer, ship’s navigator, director of a river navigation company, entrepreneur, La Paz city council member, and well known and well respected avocational archaeologist. During his lifetime, Posnansky was known as a prolific writer and researcher and for his active participation in the defense and development of Bolivia. He is well known for his books, including Tihuanacu, the Cradle of American Man, Campana de Acre, La Lancha "Iris", Die Osterinsel und ihre praehistorischen Monumente, and Razas y Monumentos Prehistóricos del Altiplano Andino. Many, if not most, of his theories have been rejected by modern scholars.

Early life
He was born in Vienna, Austria, on April 13, 1873. He helped his father in his business as a manufacturing chemist. At this time, he was deeply involved in cognate studies. His interest in cognate studies ended when his father suddenly died. After his father's death, Posnansky studied at the Imperial and Royal Academy of Pola (now Pula) for the position of Naval Military Engineer in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. During his time in the Imperial and Royal Academy of Pola, he made several extensive training voyages, which took him many places, including the Easter Islands in the South Pacific Ocean, as a part of his shipboard training. While on Easter Island, he made ethnological observations, which he later published as Die Osterinsel und ihre praehistorischen Monumente. Posnansky graduated from the Imperial and Royal Academy of Pola at age 18.

Life in Brazil
At age 23 in 1896, Posnansky emigrated to South America. At first, he participated in various expeditions, which explored upper reaches of the Amazon River. During these expeditions, he became an experienced navigator of it and its tributaries. He used his expertise to become the director of a river navigation company, which was called La Empresa de Navegacao dos rios Purus e Acre. As captain and owner of the shallow-draught steamer and blockade runner, Iris, Posnansky rescued the survivors of the Acre garrison during the Acre Campaign in Brazil. This military campaign involved a dispute between Bolivia and Brazil over  of territory on the Acre River. After being wounded and captured by Brazilian forces, he escaped and became a refugee in Europe. Because of his loyalty to and support of Bolivia in this conflict, he lost all of his properties in Brazil. His exploits during the Acre Campaign (1900-1901) are detailed in his book Campaña del Acre: la lancha "Iris"; aventuras y peregrinaciones

Life in Bolivia
After being a refugee in Europe, Posnansky moved to Bolivia to claim compensation for his services to this country. After finding that any substantial reward was unattainable because of the bankrupt state of the Bolivian treasury, he devoted his talents towards building private businesses involved in mining and international trade. In time, he became a prosperous entrepreneur. During this time, Posnansky introduced the first car to Bolivia. Posnansky died in La Paz, Bolivia in 1946.

While his business ventures thrived, the Bolivian Government recognized Posnansky's service during the Acre Campaign. For his sacrifices in support of the Bolivian government, it first granted him the honorific title of Benemerito de la Patria (Worthy of the Nation) and full Bolivian citizenship. Later, it awarded him two gold medals, one in 1901, the other in 1903. In 1905, his government service continued when he was elected to La Paz City Council.

Research
After settling in Bolivia, Posnansky repeatedly traveled the Bolivian and Peruvian highlands in efforts to locate, describe, and study Inca and pre-Inca archaeological sites. He was especially interested in those found along the shoreline and on the islands of Lake Titicaca. The results of these investigations were published in books such as The Islands of Titicaca and Koati and Rasas y monumentos prehistoricos del Altiplano Andino. For such research, the Bolivian Senate awarded him a gold medal in 1905 and he later became Director of the National Museum. He also authored books, which included Os Indios Paumaris e Ipurinas no rio Purus (1898) and Mapa del rio Acre (7 volumes, 1897), about South American geography and ethnology. He also lectured about archaeological subjects in Berlin, Frankfort, Nuremberg, and Treptow, Germany. In recognition of his accomplishments, the German Government conferred on him an honorary title of Professor in 1914.

Posnansky's final and most important book, Tihuanacu, the Cradle of American Man, was published in 1945 (volumes I and II) and 1957 (volumes III and IV). In it, Posnansky argued that Tiwanaku was constructed approximately 15,000 BC by American peoples, although not by the ancestors of those then living in the area, the Aymara. Posnansky also saw Tiwanaku as the origin point of civilization throughout the Americas, including the Inca, the Maya and others. Since the publication of the work, these ideas have since been disputed by later archaeological research. However, the photographs, detailed descriptions of structures and inscriptions, meticulously prepared maps, and numerous photographs found in this work constitute an extremely valuable historical record of the site. Posnansky's ideas about Tiwanaku having been a full-fledged city with a large permanent population, rather than only a seasonally occupied ceremonial center, and its abandonment having been the result of prehistoric climatic change are widely accepted in principle. This book and his personal efforts also contributed significantly to the eventual preservation of the site at a time when it was being very badly damaged by neglect, stone-quarrying, and looting.

References

Additional references
Ponce Sangines, C. (1999) Arthur Posnansky:

External links
 Posnansky, A. 1945. | Tihuanaco Cuan Del Hombre Americano  (Vol. 1, Spanish & English.)

1873 births
1946 deaths
Engineers from Vienna
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Brazil
20th-century Bolivian historians
Bolivian archaeologists
20th-century Bolivian businesspeople
Andean scholars
Engineers from Austria-Hungary


Morton Street station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station on Fairmount Line located on Morton Street (MA 203) in the Mattapan neighborhood of Boston. With two full-length high-level platforms and ramps to the street, the station is fully wheelchair accessible. The station was reconstructed in 2006, with the official reopening in 2007.

History

Service on the Fairmount Line (as the Dorchester Branch of the Norfolk County Railroad and later the  New York and New England Railroad and  New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad) began in 1855 and lasted until 1944. The service included a stop at Morton Street, originally known as Forest Avenue.

The Dorchester Branch (Midland Route) was reopened as a bypass in November 1979 during Southwest Corridor construction, including stops at Uphams Corner, Morton Street, and Fairmount. Uphams Corner and Morton Street were dropped effective January 30, 1981 as part of systemwide cuts. Morton Street was originally built at minimal cost, with small low-level platforms and staircases to Morton Street. The station was not accessible, since service over the route was intended to be temporary; however, it was popular with residents of the communities the line passed through. When the Southwest Corridor reopened on October 5, 1987, the Fairmount Line shuttle service was retained, with Uphams Corner and Morton Street renovated and reopened.

In September 2005, the MBTA awarded a $6.5 million contract to rebuild the station as part of the Fairmount Line Improvements project. The upgrades included two full-length high-level platforms to make the station accessible, ramps to Morton Street and Flint Street, canopies, and improved lighting and signage. The work was completed on July 17, 2007. In 2014, MassDOT replaced the structurally deficient bridge carrying Morton Street over the Fairmount Line tracks. Alternate accessible entrances to the station from the street were used during the replacement.

References

External links

 MBTA – Morton Street
 Google Map Street View: Flint Street entrance, Morton Street entrances

MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Boston
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1855
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1979
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
Railway stations closed in 1944
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1981
Mattapan, Boston
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 1940s


The Alliance Premier League season of 1981–82 was the third season of the Alliance Premier League.

New teams in the league this season
 Dagenham (promoted 1980–81)
 Dartford (promoted 1980–81)
 Enfield (promoted 1980–81)
 Runcorn (promoted 1980–81)
 Trowbridge Town (promoted 1980–81)

Final table

Results

Top scorers

Promotion and relegation

Promoted

 Bangor City (from the Northern Premier League)
 Nuneaton (from the Southern Premier League)
 Wealdstone (from the Southern Premier League)

All of these teams had been relegated from the Alliance Premier League after the 1981–82 season.

Relegated

 Dartford (to the Southern Premier League)
 Gravesend & Northfleet (to the Southern Premier League)
 AP Leamington (to the Southern Premier League)

Election to the Football League
This year Runcorn, the winners of the Alliance Premier League, could not apply for election because they did not meet Football League requirements. 2nd placed Enfield could not apply either for the same reasons, so 3rd placed Telford United won the right to apply for election to the Football League to replace one of the four bottom sides in the 1981–82 Football League Fourth Division. The vote went as follows:

As a result of this, Telford United did not gain membership of the Football League.

References

External links
 1981–82 Conference National Results
 Re-election Results – The Division Four final league table, including the results of the re-election vote.

National League (English football) seasons
5


Hans Judenkönig (also Judenkunig or Judenkünig) (c. 1450 – 4 March 1526) was a German lutenist of the Renaissance. He was born in Schwäbisch Gmünd and died in Vienna.

He worked as a lutenist in the vicinity of the University of Vienna and was best known for his two lute books written for the self-teaching of a lay audience.

Works
 Utilis et compendiaria introductio, qua ut fundamento iacto quam facillime musicum exercitium, instrumentorum et lutine, et quod vulgo Geygen nominant, addiscitur Vienna ca. 1515/1519
 Ain schone kunstliche Underweisung in disem Büechlein, leychtlich zu begreyffen den rechten Grund zu lernen auff der Lautten und Geygen Vienna 1523

Recording
 1994 - The Renaissance Lute - Ronn McFarlane - Dorian DOR-90186 contains five tracks by Judenkönig:
Madonna katerina
Christ ist erstanden (Christ is risen)
Und wer er nit erstanden (And who is not risen)
Der hoff dantz
Der hoff dantz (Nach tantz)

Further reading
 Kurt Dorfmüller: Studien zur Lautenmusik in der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts (Tutzing, 1967)
Transcribed for classical guitar, and recorded by Eric Alan Heil. 16th-century court music.

References

External links

1450s births
1526 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
15th-century Austrian people
15th-century German people
16th-century Austrian people
16th-century German musicians
Composers for lute
German classical composers
German expatriates in Austria
German lutenists
Musicians from Vienna
People from Schwäbisch Gmünd
Renaissance composers
German male classical composers


The Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science is awarded every two years by UNESCO and rewards individuals and groups in the field of ethics in science.
The aim of the award is to promote ethical reflection on issues raised by advances in science and technology, and to raise global awareness of the importance of ethics in science. The prize was named after the 11th century Persian physician and philosopher Avicenna (980-1038).

The Prize consists of a gold medal, a certificate, US$10,000, and a one-week academic visit to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Since it was founded, the award has been given to five individuals.

Award recipients
 2004   Margaret Somerville, Canada
 2006   Abdallah Daar, Canada
 2010   Renzong Qiu, China
 2015   Zabta Khan Shinwari, Pakistan
 2019   Donald A. Brown, USA

References

External links
 Official site

Science and technology awards
Philosophy awards
Awards established in 2004
UNESCO awards


Maurizio Giuliano (born 1975) is an Italian United Nations official, traveller, author and journalist. As of 2004 he was, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, the youngest person to have visited all sovereign nations of the world (aged 28 years and 361 days). He has worked for various international organizations in the field of media relations.

Personal life and education

Giuliano is the son of a lawyer father and a housewife mother. He has lived in Cuba, Chile and Indonesia.

After completing high school in Milan and in Manchester, he earned a degree from the University of Oxford in 1996 and a master's degree from the University of Cambridge in 1997. At University College, Oxford, he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, specialising in Latin America and eastern Europe. While at Oxford, he was a member of the Oxford University L'Chaim Society.

As of 1998, he was a researcher at the Centre for Social Studies (CESOC) in Santiago, Chile.

Writings

Academic work on Cuba

He authored two books and some academic articles on Cuban politics, focusing among other things on the US embargo, which he claimed (in the book "La Transición Cubana y el "Bloqueo" Norteamericano" and other works) has a strong counter-productive effect, in supporting the continuation of Cuba's regime. In the book and other writings, Giuliano staunchly contested the view that an end to the Castro regime would be near, and expressed the view that any transition would be slow and gradual.

In an article published in the British academic journal Democratization in 1998, he focused in particular on how the US embargo against Cuba helps create "empathy" by third parties towards Cuba, which is then domestically perceived as support towards Cuba's regime.  He argued, hence, that the US Government - in addition to the embargo's direct influence on supporting Cuba's regime - indirectly inhibits potentially constructive pressures towards change, insofar as third countries, foreign non-governmental organizations and prominent individuals lend support to Cuba's resistance to the US embargo, and this offsets external pressures to democratize, thereby allowing the Cuban regime to convert such "empathy" into a source of legitimacy at home.

Purge of Havana's Centre for American Studies (CEA)

His scholarly work on internal Cuban politics, notably on the 1996 purge of Havana's Centre for American Studies (CEA) (contained in the book "El Caso CEA" published in 1998), has been the object of academic reviews, as it exposed the internal conflicts between Cuba's political apparatus and the country's intelligentsia, previously unknown. According to some reviews the book, a work of investigative journalism complemented by academic analysis, dealt a strong blow to hard-liners within the regime by exposing for the first time the internal conflicts between Cuba's apparatus and its intelligentsia. In 2001 Cuban exiled scholars Alberto Álvarez and Gerardo González, who were among those purged from the CEA, wrote the book "¿ Intelectuales vs. Revolución ?  El caso del Centro de Estudios sobre América", which strongly built upon Giuliano's book to offer further insights on relations between Cuba's political apparatus and the country's intellectuals. Along with these two scholars and Giuliano, Cuban sociologist Haroldo Dilla Alfonso
expressed the view that the purge mechanisms described in Giuliano's book have been a key pillar for the regime's ability to prevent the rise of reformers, and that such dynamics remain in place as late as 2016.

Journalism

Besides work on Cuba, other countries Giuliano covered in his journalistic work include East Timor and Myanmar (Burma). In 1993 he worked for the Austrian weekly magazine Profil, for which he interviewed Mikhail Gorbachev, who expressed criticism at the reforms carried out by Russian president Boris Yeltsin: when Yeltsin called a referendum for 25 April 1993 in an attempt to achieve even greater powers as president, Gorbachev told Giuliano that he would not vote and instead advocated for new presidential elections.

In 2000, he visited North Korea and published an essay about his visit, essentially describing his tour around the country as a mise en scène by the North Korean authorities.

In his journalistic work, he reportedly ran into problems with the authorities of at least two countries.  On 16 August 1998 he was denied entry to Myanmar after making contact with the National League for Democracy and meeting its leader Aung San Suu Kyi, with Myanmar authorities accusing him of falsely claiming to be a tourist and of "illegally gathering news", which prompted condemnations by organizations such as the International Federation of Journalists and Reporters without Borders; only in 2013 Giuliano managed to return to Myanmar and also meet Suu Kyi. While on 30 October 2002, he was reportedly detained and manhandled by Israeli authorities while crossing the Allenby Bridge, which also prompted condemnation by Reporters without Borders. Giuliano however describes his worst authorities-related odyssey as he was travelling in 2003 around the South Pacific, where authorities in New Zealand and some South Pacific islands reportedly caused serious hindrance to his movements for the simple fact that he appeared to be suspicious because of his strange travel patterns.

Giuliano's writings have also included lighter topics.  During his time in Kabul, for example, he wrote restaurant reviews for a local English-language magazine.

Political advocacy

In the early 2000s, Giuliano was a consultant for the Italian Senate's Committee on Human Rights. At that time, some his writings were intended to influence the positions of the Italian Government on certain human rights issues, as was the case with material that he wrote on North Korea.

Development career

In 2004, Giuliano worked for the International Organization for Migration in the elections for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, where he advocated for turnout by potential voters in spite of precarious security conditions. And in 2005 he worked in Afghanistan for the United Nations Development Programme's justice division which endeavoured to reform the country's legal system. In both cases, he was working in the field of communications with the media.

He worked for the United Nations, again in the field of media relations, in Central African Republic in 2006, where he denounced very low levels of funding for a "neglected" emergency and called Western governments to be generous in saving lives of the most vulnerable Central Africans. He moved to Sudan in 2007, where he vocally denounced abuses by increasingly fragmented armed groups as well as access constraints caused by the Sudanese Government, and called for more funding also in response to floods that hit the city of Kassala. In 2008 he was posted to Chad, calling for more international attention amidst conflict between Chadian and pro-Sudanese forces which displaced more than half a million people, and with the events culminating in the battle of N'Djamena of February 2008, after which he worked in Cameroon following the refugee crisis caused by war and asking for solid international support for the refugees and for reconstruction efforts, warning that a humanitarian crisis could turn into a humanitarian catastrophe in the absence of a robust response.

In 2009 and 2010 he worked in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where he denounced attacks by warring parties against civilians and the use of rape as a weapon of war, referring to rape as a "pandemic" and "plague". He denounced the brutality of expulsions between the DRC and Angola, alleging that both countries were committing rapes of illegal immigrants who were being deported, and urging them to investigate the allegations on both sides of the border. In response to Giuliano's criticism about the extent of rape in the country, Congo's Government spokesperson Lambert Mende dubbed him as "the rape spokesperson".

In 2010 he was UN spokesperson for the 2010 Pakistan floods. He warned of an impending "second wave of death" that would result from post-flood disease and food shortages, stating that 3.5 million children were at risk of death if they did not get assistance, including due to cholera. He stated that "an already colossal disaster [was] getting worse and requiring an even more colossal response", referring to the relief operations as "a marathon at sprint pace", and giving figures of up to a million people displaced in 48 hours. He argued that the needs outpaced available resources, also due to endless rains. In response to Taliban threats to attack relief workers, Giuliano stated that they "would not be intimidated" by such threats and would continue working. He indicated that the floods had a worse impact than several other recent natural disasters combined, becoming the worst natural disaster in United Nations history. He attracted criticism for exaggerating the extent of the emergency but was also credited for bringing attention to it.

In 2014 and 2015 he headed the office of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in the DRC's city of Bunia, where he denounced continued abuses by multiple militia groups against civilians, in particular the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI) and the Ugandan Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), as well as less known warlords including Paul Sadala (alias Morgan) whose routine use of gang-rape was denounced by Giuliano; but he also requested the Government and the UN mission MONUSCO to do more to protect civilians. He considered that serious atrocities and human rights abuses in Ituri were not getting sufficient international attention, and called for robust protection efforts and funding to meet humanitarian needs. He also advocated for reinforced accountability to recipients of assistance.

Travel

According to the Guinness Book, through his work, he had travelled to every single sovereign country in the world (which totalled 193 according to the Guinness Book) by 20 February 2004. He claimed that he had visited a total of up to 238 territories (including the 193 sovereign countries recognized by Guinness), and stated that North Korea had been the hardest country to get into, after numerous attempts and long waits to get a visa, followed by a visit during which he was never let alone by his "tour guides". His Sudanese visa was also particularly difficult to obtain, involving a wait of nearly a year. In 1992 he had his passport stolen in Albania and reported difficulties obtaining a new one from the Italian embassy, supposedly due to a Neapolitan clerk mistaking him for an Albanian because of his Milanese accent.

He started travelling at the age of 14 and believes that, as of 2004, he had travelled at least two million miles, including on the Trans-Siberian Railway and through 11 round-the-world air journeys. Some of his earliest journeys were to Albania and Sierra Leone in 1991, aged 16, and to Mongolia in 1992 on the occasion of the national festivities Naadam. During his early travels he often stayed with penpals. Most of his later travels were related to his journalistic work. He stated that in some countries he lived or spent months, while in others he spent mere hours, his shortest stay being a one-hour visit to Tuvalu with Air Fiji.

On 20 February 2004, he arrived in Suriname on a Brazilian airliner, thereby completing his visit to all sovereign nations of the world.  He held a press conference there on 24 February, where he stated that he had chosen Suriname to complete his record, as the country had always fascinated him due to its richness and variety in cultures and ethnicities.
He then travelled from Suriname to London, with 42 passports (30 Italian and 12 British) filled with immigration stamps, in order to prove his record with Guinness World Records. He claimed that most of his travels were unrelated to the record, and that only since 2001, on the suggestion of friends, he had the Guinness Record in mind when planning his travels. In explaining his record, however, he stated that he might be affected by an "addiction to crossing borders".

Collecting passport stamps as proof of travels was a major part of Giuliano's endeavour, and he describes being obsessed about his stamps, to the extent that he travelled with ink pads in five different colours so that he could assist immigration officers whose stamps may lack ink.

Bibliography
  with foreword by José Antonio Viera-Gallo Quesney, La Transición Cubana y el 'Bloqueo' Norteamericano, Ediciones CESOC; 1st edition (May 1997), .
  El Caso CEA: Intelectuales e Inquisidores en Cuba, Ediciones Universal; 2nd edition (November 1998), .

References

1975 births
Living people
Italian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Journalists from Milan


Thorney Rugby Club is a Rugby union club based near Peterborough which was formed in 1990.

Ron Jacobs Playing Field
The club's ground is named after former RFU Chairman and England International Ron Jacobs who lived in Thorney in his later years. The ground has 3 pitches of which one is floodlit.

Teams
There are currently 5 teams that play at the Ron Jacobs. These are Thorney Seniors, Thorney Seconds, Thorney Vets, Thorney U17 and Thorney Minis.

Thorney currently play in Midlands League 6 Eastern Division South Section.

New Facilities Grant
Thorney RUFC have secured funding worth more than £128,000 from the Rugby Football Foundation to build new changing rooms at their Ron Jacobs Playing Fields ground near Peterborough in Cambridgeshire. The club has secured a grant of £63,415 from the RFF with a further £65,000 by way of an interest-free loan.

Work has started on the project which will see four new changing rooms and a gymnasium being built, with a scheduled completion date of March next year.

Club Chairperson, Louis Deplancke said “The extension of the present Club changing room facilities will support all sections of the club by allowing better quality training sessions and improving the club environment during the season. The improvement to the facilities is in line with the Club’s development plan to strengthen its senior and vets teams and to add junior teams at each age group year on year until all groups are covered from minis to Colts. We are extremely pleased and thank the RFF for this opportunity.”

The RFF is a charitable trust established by the Rugby Football Union with the purpose of promoting and developing community and amateur rugby in England.

External links
The Club's Official Website
The Clubs Forum For More Up To Date News

Rugby union teams in England


The Mahtam are a clan found among the Punjabis and Sindhis of India and Pakistan. They practice Hindu, Sikh and Muslim religions.

During British rule in India, they were stigmatised under the Criminal Tribes Act 1871.

References

Punjabi tribes
Social groups of Punjab, India
Sikh communities
Denotified tribes of India
Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
Sindhi tribes
Social groups of Sindh


Carlos Lara Bareiro was a Paraguayan classical musician, composer, and conductor. He was born on the March 6, 1914 to Juan Carlos Lara Castro and Lorenza Bareiro in Capiatá, Paraguay. He inherited the aptitude and vocation for music from his father and learned the basics of this art which he would then dominate.

Childhood and youth

He began his studies in the Battalion musician's band of the Boys Scouts. From 1932, he studied in the capital police musician's band and in the Paraguayan ateneo, with Remberto Giménez.

Career

Between the years 1940 and 1943 Lara Bareiro was the president of the Paraguayan association of musicians and in 1943 he got a scholarship from Brasil to study in the University of the National School Music in Rio the Janeiro where he stayed for eight years. He studied harmony, counterpoint and fuga with Newton Padua, José Paula da Silva and Virginia Fiuzza, composition with Joao Ottaviano and violin with Francisco Chiafitelli. He also received orquestal directions lessons from Francisco Mignone, with which he got to be the musician with the best academic formation in Paraguay. He produced songs like “El sueño de Renée” and “Suite Guaraní” of Juan Max Boettner and the Sinfonía en Si Bemol” of Otakar Platil. In 1954 he directed “Madame Butterfly” of Giacomo Puccini with the cast of Sofía Mendoza.

His campaign in favour of the symphonic orchestra of the Paraguayan Association of Musicians and his members accumulated experience created the right atmosphere for the foundation of the Symphonic Orchest of Asuncion in 1957.

Due to the political situation in his country, he was confined to the countryside and then exiled in 1955. He lived in Argentina for more than three decades, as a lot of other Paraguayan musicians, without being able of going back to their country. During this time he directed concerts in Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile. He recorded LPs with the symphonic orchestra of the Teachers orchestral Association of the capital, and he dedicated as a chorus director and teacher. As an Orchestra director he is remember by his discipline and organization.

In his compositions we find translations influenced by the impressionist style, with the utilization of material from the folk Paraguay's musical. His work was rewritten during the thirty five years of dictatorship of the general Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989) and it could be broadcast once that regime was over.

Works

Between his symphonic Works we find

 “Suites paraguayas 1 y 2” de la serie “Acuarelas Paraguayas”
 “Concierto para piano y orquesta”
 “Gran guarania en Do mayor Koeju mba'e apohara rapepe”, estrenada por la orquesta Sinfónica de Río de Janeiro
 “Guarania Sinfónica para coro y orquesta”, sobre el texto “Ñande poyvi gûype” de Enrique Bogado
 “Guarania Nº 3 en Re, Ñasaindy jave”, sobre texto de Darío Gómez Serrato.

His best piano produccions are:

 “Acuarelas Paraguayas” y para guitarra
 “Tres piezas en Mi: Preludio agreste, Guarania y Alegría”

He is also an author of popular songs and symphonic arrangements of folk inspirational music, between them “Cholí” of José Asunción Flores and “Mi destino” of Mauricio Cardozo Ocampo.

Distinctions

In 1996 he received the National Governments decoration “Honor al mérito”, and in 1997 a book about his memories was published.

References
 Centro Cultural de la República El Cabildo
 Diccionario Biográfico "FORJADORES DEL PARAGUAY", Primera Edición Enero de 2000. Distribuidora Quevedo de Ediciones. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

External links
 Música Paraguaya

1914 births
1987 deaths
People from Capiatá
Paraguayan musicians


The Aphthartodocetae (Greek , from ἄφθαρτος, aphthartos, "incorruptible" and δοκεῖν, dokein, "to seem"), also called Julianists or Phantasiasts by their opponents, were members of a 6th-century Non-Chalcedonian sect. Their leader, Julian of Halicarnassus, taught that Christ's body was always incorruptible and only appeared to corrupt and exhibit blameless passions. This was in disagreement with another Non-Chalcedonian leader, Severus of Antioch, who insisted that Christ's body was passible, truly manifested blameless passions, was corruptible, and only became incorruptible following the resurrection.

In the words of Severus, in his letter approving of the synodical letter of Theodosios I of Alexandria, the Julianists taught "the flesh of our Saviour, from its very establishment through the womb and the union, was impassible and immortal, and who assign to it the incorruptibility which is recognized in impassibility and immortality (and not simply in holiness and sinlessness)." Due to Christ being impassible, the doctrine of Julian made "the sufferings...false" and illusory: "For an impassible and immortal body does not admit of sufferings and death, but is considered to have suffered and died only in surmise, and as it were in an illusion of sleep." Severus asserts that such a doctrine where Christ only appears to have suffered places mankind "unavoidably...under the servitude of death...redeemed by nocturnal hallucinations and not in reality by the blood of his cross."

This is in contrast to what Severus approves in Theodosios' letter, which taught: "Your Holiness had affirmed well and fittingly that the body of our Lord and Saviour was consubstantial with us and suffered natural and voluntary sufferings like us, but without sin. And by this means you have put away those who have dared to assert that he suffered in an impassible and immortal body." Christ's sufferings are voluntary because "in that flesh united to the Word...there was nothing of the ancient sin which made our race wither: for when he became incarnate in a flesh which was of this sort, it was proper that he should draw near to death [i.e. voluntarily]."

Elsewhere, Severus summed up Julian's theology as follows:

In synopsis, Christ's body was passible and thereby had the capacity to actually corrupt according to Severus and Theodosios. In contrast, Julian allegedly taught Christ's body to be impassible, which would (according to Severus) make corruption impossible and thereby necessitate any corruption and suffering to be illusory. While Julian asserts Christ's corruptibility to be voluntary as a response to "impassibility" making it otherwise impossible, Severus and Theodosios assert that Christ's corruptibility is voluntary as a response to "sinlessness," which otherwise would not permit corruption as it is a punishment for sin.

In 564, Emperor Justinian I adopted the tenets of the Aphthartodocetae, issued an "edict compelling assent to the notion that the body of Christ was 'incorruptible and not susceptible to the natural and blameless passions,'” (i.e. suffering) and attempted to elevate their beliefs to the rank of Orthodox dogma. Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople, who had presided over the Fifth General Council, resisted Justinian's efforts by arguing the incompatibility of the Aphthartodocetic beliefs with scripture. Justinian ensured that John Scholasticus replaced Eutychius who was exiled from his see by Justinian. The Patriarch of Antioch, Anastasius, was also threatened with replacement and exile. Justinian prepared an edict to enforce the tenets among the communions throughout the empire, but its issue was prevented when Justinian died on 14 November 565, during the thirty-ninth year of his reign.

See also

References

Sources

Oriental Orthodox theology
Christianity in the Byzantine Empire
Christian denominations established in the 6th century
Christian terminology
Justinian I
Nature of Jesus Christ


Uphams Corner station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the Fairmount Line. It is located on Dudley Street in the Uphams Corner area of the Dorchester neighborhood. It was reopened in 1979 after the line had been closed for 35 years. The station is fully accessible with two full-length high-level platforms and ramps to the street, which were added during a construction project that finished in 2007.

History

Original station

Service on the Fairmount Line (as the Dorchester Branch of the Norfolk County Railroad and later the New York and New England Railroad and New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad) began in 1855, although it was frequently out of service until 1867. The service included a stop at Stoughton Street near Uphams Corner; a Cottage Street station may have also been briefly located a block to the north. The station was renamed Dudley Street after the street was renamed between Brook Avenue (the Roxbury/Dorchester border) and Uphams Corner in 1874.

Elimination of the busy Dudley Street grade crossing was long desired, but proved difficult because changing the grade of Dudley Street required modifying several nearby cross streets and numerous buildings. Construction to raise the tracks and lower Dudley Street began around September 1906. A temporary streetcar bypass track, railroad trestle, and station opened in January 1907. The railroad initially intended to continue using the 54-year-old wooden station building, which was insufficient to handle the 2,700 daily passengers at the station. After a May 1907 hearing, the railroad agreed to build a new stone station.

The grade crossing elimination was completed in 1908. It cost $500,000 () and modified the grade of the tracks for nearly a mile from Massachusetts Avenue to Bird Street. The new stone station opened on April 14, 1909 at a cost of $18,000 (), then serving 65 trains per day. Located on the east side of the tracks, it was  in size with a  waiting room, a ticket and telegraph office, and a baggage room. It was made of red brick with a concrete foundation, brownstone base, and limestone trim. A pedestrian tunnel under the tracks connected the platforms.

On June 15, 1924, the station was again renamed as Uphams Corner to avoid confusion with Dudley Street Terminal. Undercut by streetcars, buses, and the Elevated for decades, service on the line ended in 1944.

MBTA station

The Dorchester Branch (also known as the Midland Route) was reopened as a bypass on November 3, 1979 during Southwest Corridor construction, including stops at Uphams Corner, Morton Street, and Fairmount. Uphams Corner was originally built at minimal cost, with small low-level platforms and staircases to Dudley Street. Intended to be only in service for several years, the station was not handicapped accessible.

Uphams Corner and Morton Street were dropped effective January 30, 1981 as part of systemwide cuts. Service over the route was intended to be temporary; however, it was popular with residents of the communities the line passed through. When the Southwest Corridor reopened on October 5, 1987, the Fairmount shuttle service was retained, with Uphams Corner and Morton Street renovated and reopened.

The station was rebuilt in 2005–2007 as part of the larger Fairmount Line Improvements project, which also included four new stations along the line. A groundbreaking was held on April 14, 2005. The rebuilding included new full-length high-level platforms, ramps to Dudley Street, canopies, and new lighting and signage. The fully accessible station was officially reopened on January 23, 2007.

In the mid-2010s, Uphams Corner station became locally known for high rates of heroin use at the lightly used and largely unpatrolled station.

References

External links

 MBTA – Uphams Corner
 Dudley Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Boston
Former New York and New England Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1855
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1979
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
Railway stations closed in 1944
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1981
Dorchester, Boston
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 1940s


Jack Llewellyn Knight (May 29, 1917 – February 2, 1945) was an American National Guard officer who was killed in action during World War II. He was awarded the United States highest military decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor, posthumously. He was inducted to the Texas Military Hall of Honor in 1980, awarded the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor posthumously on May 31, 1999.

Biography
Knight was born in Garner, Texas. He graduated from Weatherford Junior College, in Weatherford, Texas, in 1938, and joined the Texas National Guard with his brother Curtis on November 18, 1940.

World War II
Knight served as a first lieutenant in the 124th Cavalry Regiment, Mars Task Force. On February 2, 1945, near LoiKang, Burma, Knight single-handedly destroyed two Japanese pillboxes. Despite being wounded, he led his rifle platoon in an attack on other enemy positions but was again wounded, this time fatally. For his heroic actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously four months later, on June 25, 1945.

Knight, aged 27 at his death, was buried at the Holders Chapel Cemetery in Cool, Texas.

Medal of Honor

Medal of Honor citation
First Lieutenant Knight's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He led his cavalry troop against heavy concentrations of enemy mortar, artillery, and small arms fire. After taking the troop's objective and while making preparations for a defense, he discovered a nest of Japanese pillboxes and foxholes to the right front. Preceding his men by at least 10 feet, he immediately led an attack. Single-handedly he knocked out 2 enemy pillboxes and killed the occupants of several foxholes. While attempting to knock out a third pillbox, he was struck and blinded by an enemy grenade. Although unable to see, he rallied his platoon and continued forward in the assault on the remaining pillboxes. Before the task was completed he fell mortally wounded. 1st Lt. Knight's gallantry and intrepidity were responsible for the successful elimination of most of the Japanese positions and served as an inspiration to officers and men of his troop.

Texas legislative Medal of Honor
He was awarded the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor in May 1999. The medal was given to sister who was to take it to his brother Curtis who also fought in the battle.

Building Dedication
Jack L Knight was honored with a building named after him at Weatherford College on November 11, 2014.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

External links

References

1917 births
1945 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor
People from Parker County, Texas
United States Army officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from Texas


Lucius Frederick Moses Bottomley Smith (6 January 1860 – 31 December 1934) was the inaugural Bishop of Knaresborough from 1905 to 1934.

Background
Lucius Frederick Smith was born on 6 January 1860 into a clerical family. His father was the Reverend Frederick Smith (1823-1874) of Woodleigh Hall, Rawdon, Vicar of Shelf, West Yorkshire. In the Wharfedale area in 1884, Lucius Smith married Lucy Catherine Gibson Bottomley (1863–1937), daughter of Moses Bottomley (born 1829) JP of Rawdon and Susannah Ingham (born 1840). Smith took on the extra names "Moses Bottomley" at the time of the marriage. They had two sons Bernard Richard Lucius (later Reverend) and Frederick, and three daughters. Bernard was director of music at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford.

In the paternal line, Lucius Smith's grandfather was Joseph Smith (1792-1841) Alderman and Burgess of Doncaster and his great grandfather William Smith (1767-1829) merchant and property owner in Rotherham and Whitehouse near Greasborough. His Uncle Arthur Joseph Smith (1825-1891) was three times Lord Mayor of Doncaster, another uncle William Edwood Smith was twice Lord Mayor of Doncaster and Town Clerk. His cousin Walter Shirley Shirely QC MP (1851-1888) was elected the first Member of Parliament for the Doncaster Division in 1885 - he too also attended Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford.

Smith was educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford. At Balliol in 1880 he took second class Classical Honour Moderations, and in 1882 he graduated with Bachelor of Arts. Following Oxford, he studied for a year at Leeds Clergy School, and was ordained deacon and priest at Liverpool in 1883. In 1905 he was made Doctor of Divinity.

Career
Smith accepted a curacy at St Thomas Toxteth Park, 1883–1886. He was successively curate of St Margaret Ilkley between 1886 and 1890, then took a curacy at Richmond for a year, 1890–1891. In 1891 he became vicar of Easby with Brompton-on-Swale. Between 1892 and 1902 he was vicar of Calverley, and between 1902 and 1906 he was vicar of Macclesfield. He had the Canon Residentiary of Ripon Cathedral from 1905 to 1921. On 27 December 1905 he behan his 29-year stint as Suffragan Bishop of Knaresborough.  He was also Archdeacon of Ripon during the same period, but his title was changed to Archdeacon of Leeds (1921-1934). His last post from 1921 was rector of Methley, where in those early days of telecommunications his telephone number was Methley 8. He resigned the Methley post around 1933 due to ill health, although he retained the archdeaconry of Leeds.

Smith supported the temperance movement, and organisations for overseas missions. Alongside his ecumenical duties, he was concurrently president of the antiquarian Thoresby Society. He was considered "an authority on architecture and archaeology," and produced various pamphlets and books, including The Story of Ripon Minster, besides religious tracts such as Penitence, Pardon and Progress and When Thou Hast Shut Thy Door.

A thoughtful cleric, devout patriot and historian, Lucius Smith died at Methley rectory on 31 December 1934.

Published works
  (Appendix, index, list of subscribers, frontispiece drawing of Lady Loft by P. Radcliffe-Wilson, 37 photographic plates. 327pp.)

Notes

References

External links

  (contains image of music notation by Lucius Smith)

1860 births
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Archdeacons of Leeds
Bishops of Knaresborough
1934 deaths
Archdeacons of Ripon


Georg Breinschmid (born 25 April 1973) is an Austrian double bass player.

Biography
Breinschmid studied classical double bass at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna and substituted in Viennese orchestras as a student. From 1994 to 1996 he played with the Tonkünstler Orchestra, then with the Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera and the Vienna Philharmonic, touring Europe, America, and Asia.

In 1999, Breinschmid quit classical music in favor of jazz. He played with the Vienna Art Orchestra, the Zipflo Weinrich Group, and gave concerts in ensembles throughout Europe. He has worked with Charlie Mariano, Archie Shepp, Kenny Wheeler, Jasper van 't Hof, Adam Taubitz,  Harry Sokal, Thomas Gansch, and Christian Muthspiel. He issued the album Tanzen (Dancing) with singer Agnes Heginger in 2005.

Awards
 2002 Hans Koller Prize for Album of the Year, Mauve
 2003 Hans Koller Prize for Newcomer of the Year

Discography

As leader or co-leader
 2005 Tanzen with Agnes Heginger
 2008 Wien bleibt Krk (Zappel)
 2010 Brein's World (Preiser)
 2012 Fire (Preiser)
 2013 Gansch and Breinschmid Live with Thomas Gansch (Preiser)
 2014 Double Brein (Preiser)
 2017 Strings and Bass with Matthias Bartolomey, Johannes Dickbauer, Florian Willeitner (Gramola)

As sideman
 2007 Against the Wind, Christian Muthspiel
 2011 Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, Hans Zimmer

References

External links
 Official website

1973 births
Living people
People from Amstetten District
Austrian jazz composers
Male jazz composers
Austrian classical musicians
Double-bassists
Male double-bassists
University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna alumni
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century male musicians
Vienna Art Orchestra members


Charles-Noël Barbès (December 25, 1914 – June 8, 2008) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in 1957 for the riding of Chapleau. He lost in the election of 1958. He was born in Hull, Quebec, Canada.

References
Charles-Noël Barbès' obituary

External links

1914 births
2008 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Gatineau
French Quebecers


In mathematics, a preordered class is a class equipped with a preorder.

Definition
When dealing with a class C, it is possible to define a class relation on C as a subclass of the power class C  C . Then, it is convenient to use the language of relations on a set.

A preordered class is a class with a preorder on it. Partially ordered class and totally ordered class are defined in a similar way. These concepts  generalize respectively those of preordered set, partially ordered set and totally ordered set. However, it is difficult to work with them as in the small case because many constructions common in a set theory are no longer possible in this framework.

Equivalently, a preordered class is a thin category, that is, a category with at most one morphism from an object to another.

Examples
In any category C, when D is a class of morphisms of C containing identities and closed under composition, the relation 'there exists a D-morphism from X to Y is a preorder on the class of objects of C.
The class Ord' of all ordinals is a totally ordered class with the classical ordering of ordinals.

References
Nicola Gambino and Peter Schuster, Spatiality for formal topologies

Order theory
Set theory


HMS Grafton was a 70-gun third rate built at Woolwich Dockyard in 1677/79. She was delivered to Chatham and placed in Ordinary in 1679. She was commissioned in 1683 to participate in the evacuation of Tangier, Morocco. She served during the War of the English Succession fighting in the Battles of Beachy Head and Barfleur. She was rebuilt in 1699/1701. She was in active commission during the War of Spanish Succession. She fought in the Battle of Vigo, the capture of Gibraltar and the Battle of Velez Malaga. She was taken by the French in 1707 and incorporated into the French Navy. Finally, being broken at Brest in 1744.

She was named in honour of Charles II illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, one of his sons with Barbara Palmer (Duchess of Cleveland). Henry Fitzroy was made the Duke of Grafton in 1675. She was the first vessel to bear the name Grafton in the English and Royal Navy.

HMS Grafton was awarded the Battle Honours Barfleur 1692 Vigo 1702, Gibraltar 1704, and Velez-Malaga 1704.

Construction and Specifications
She was ordered in April 1677 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Phineas Pett (until February 1678) then completed by Thomas Shish. She was launched on 17 May 1679. Her dimensions were a gundeck of  with a keel of  for tonnage calculation with a breadth of  and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,052 tons (burthen). Her draught was .

Her initial gun armament was in accordance with the 1677 Establishment with 72/60 guns consisting of twenty-six demi-cannons (54 cwt, 9.5 ft) on the lower deck, twenty-six 12-pounder guns (32 cwt, 9 ft) on the upper deck, ten sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the quarterdeck and four sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the foc’x’le with four 3-pounder guns (5 cwt, 5 ft) on the poop deck or roundhouse. By 1688 she would carry 70 guns as per the 1685 Establishment . Her initial manning establishment would be for a crew of 460/380/300 personnel.

Commissioned Service

Service 1679-1699
She was commissioned on 16 July 1679 under the command of Captain John Perryman for delivery to Chatham. On 18 April 1683 she was under the command of Captain Sir William Booth and nominally under Captain Henry Fitzroy, the Duke of Grafton. Captain Booth held command until 19 April 1684. On 4 August she became the Flagship of Admiral George Legge, the Earl of Dartmouth and then sailed from Plymouth for the evacuation of Tangier, Morocco.

In 1690 she was under the command of Captain Henry Fitzroy, the Duke of Grafton. She partook in the Battle of Beachy Head in Centre (Red) Squadron on 30 June 1690. She participated in the attack on Cork, Ireland on 29 September 1690 during which Captain Fitzroy was mortally wounded, dying 9 October 1690. In 1691 she was under command of Captain Benjamin Hoskins followed later by Captain Henry Bokenham. She fought in the Battle of Barfleur in Red Squadron, Centre Division from 19 to 22 May 1692. In 1693 she was under Captain Thomas Warren. In 1694 she was under Captain Richard Fitzpatrick sailing with Russel's Fleet in the English Channel then on to the Mediterranean in October 1694. She returned home to pay off in October 1695. She was to be rebuilt in Rotherhithe and was delayed for a year.

Rebuild Rotherhithe 1699/1700
She was ordered in 1699 to be rebuilt under contract by John & Richard Wells of Rotherhithe. She was launched/completed in 1700. Her dimensions were a gundeck of  with a keel of  for tonnage calculation with a breadth of  and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,103 tons (burthen). She probably retained her armament as stated in the 1685 Establishment, though it is unclear if her armament was changed to the 1703 Establishment later. It is known that when completed her gun armament total at least 70 guns.

Service 1701-1707
She was commissioned in 1701 under Captain Thomas Harlow for service in the Downs Squadron. With the outbreak of the War of Spanish Succession in May 1702, she sailed with Admiral Sir George Rooke's Fleet on 19 July for operations at Cadiz, Spain. On the 19th of September, after accomplishing little the Fleet sailed for Home. At Lagos, Portugal they learned that the Spanish Treasure Fleet and its French escort was at Vigo Bay . The Fleet sailed north. On 12 October, twenty-seven ships of the Anglo-Dutch Fleet attacked the ships in Vigo Bay and Rendondela Harbour, Spain (Battle of Vigo). All the French and Spanish vessels were either captured or destroyed.

In 1703 she was under the command of Captain Sir Andrew Leake still with Sir George Rooke's Fleet in the Mediterranean. She partook in the capture of Gibraltar on 23 July 1704. She was part of the force that was to attack the New Mole. Gibraltar surrendered on the 24th. On August 13, 1704, she fought in the Battle of Velez Malaga as a member of the Center Squadron, suffering 31 killed Including Captain Leake and 66 wounded. Captain J. Hearne took command after Leake's death. Captain Hearne died in September 1705, Then she was under command of Captain Edward Acton still serving in the Mediterranean.

Loss
On 2 May 1707 she was taken by Forbin's Squadron off Brighton. Captain Acton was killed in the engagement. She was incorporated into the French Navy as Le Grafton. She served in the French Navy until 1744 when she was condemned and broken at Brest.

See also
List of ships captured in the 18th century

Citations

References

 Colledge (2020), Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. Colledge, revised and updated by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush, published by Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, Great Britain, © 2020,  (EPUB), Section G (Grafton)
 Winfield (2009), British Warships in the Age of Sail (1603 – 1714), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2009, EPUB
 Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The Development of the Battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press.
 Clowes (1898), The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present (Vol. II). London. England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, © 1898
 Thomas (1998), Battles and Honours of the Royal Navy, by David A. Thomas, first published in Great Britain by Leo Cooper 1998, Copyright © David A. Thomas 1998,  (EPUB)

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1670s ships


Liam Andrew Dawson (born 1 March 1990) is an English cricketer who plays for Hampshire and for the England cricket team. He is a right-handed batsman who bowls slow left-arm orthodox spin. He made his international debut for England in July 2016, and has since played all three formats of the game for England, the last in 2018. Dawson was part of the England squad that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup, however, he did not play in any matches during the tournament.

Early career
Dawson started playing cricket at the age of 3 and joined Goatacre when he was 7. He then moved on to play his youth cricket at Chippenham Cricket Club in Wiltshire, where he was spotted by Hampshire.

After appearing regularly for Hampshire Second XI and Wiltshire in 2006, Dawson was selected for England under-19s tour of Malaysia in 2006/07. During the tour, he took impressive figures of 6/9 against Malaysia. During England under-19s Test series with Pakistan in 2007, he was England's leading wicket-taker.

Domestic and T20 franchise career
Dawson appeared in three List A matches for Hampshire towards the end of the 2007 season. He failed to take a wicket but he scored a run-a-ball 32 on his debut. On 19 September 2007, he made his first-class debut against Yorkshire, although he did not bat or bowl.

Dawson scored his maiden century at Trent Bridge against Nottinghamshire in 2008. In January 2009, he was called into the England Lions squad to tour New Zealand. Dawson was a member of Hampshire's 2009 Friends Provident Trophy winning team. In 2010, he played just eight Championship matches, averaging 29 with the bat.
In 2011, he averaged 36 in the Championship. He averaged 35 in List A games as he began to build a reputation for himself as a solid batsman.

In 2012, Dawson's bowling began to become more prominent, as he picked up 26 wickets for Hampshire in the County Championship, averaging 32. However, his batting regressed as he averaged less than 30 in the season. He also became an important part of Hampshire's bowling line-up in the T20's, taking nine wickets.

In 2013, Dawson scored over 1,000 first-class runs for the first time in his career, although he was less effective with the ball, taking just eleven Championship wickets. However, his bowling in One Day cricket became more effective as he took 12 List A wickets, the most in his career. He continued his impressive performances with the ball in T20 cricket, taking a further 13 wickets.
In 2014, after falling out of favour at Hampshire, Dawson moved to Essex on loan. Dawson performed well during the loan, and when he returned to Hampshire, he reclaimed his spot in the side. In 2015, he took 29 wickets in the Championship, and 12 in List A cricket as his bowling continued to improve.

In October 2018, Dawson was named in the squad for the Comilla Victorians team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. In April 2022, he was bought by the London Spirit for the 2022 season of The Hundred.

International career
In 2016, Dawson earned his first call up to a senior international squad when he was selected for England's squad for the 2016 ICC World Twenty20, although he didn't play a game for the side.

On 5 July 2016, Dawson made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for England against Sri Lanka.

On 4 September 2016, Dawson made his One Day International (ODI) debut for England against Pakistan. He scored ten runs and took figures of 2-70.

In November 2016, Dawson was named in England's Test squad for the final two matches of the series against India. He made his Test debut on 16 December 2016 against India in the fifth Test of the series. He scored an unbeaten 66 in his maiden innings, as England made 477. Murali Vijay was his first Test wicket, after he trapped him lbw, as he finished with figures of 2–129.

Dawson played in the second T20I against India, and took figures of 0-20 after opening the bowling.

On 6 July 2017, Dawson was called up to the England squad for the South Africa Test series and was selected to play as the second spinner on the side. He took four wickets and scored a pair of two-ball ducks.

On 21 May 2019, England finalised their squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, with Dawson named in the 15 man squad. He was one of two players, along with Tom Curran, who were unused as England won the tournament.

On 27 July 2020, Dawson was named in England's squad for the ODI series against Ireland.

In September 2021, Dawson was named as one of three travelling reserves in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, though he played no part in the tournament. He was recalled to the full T20I squad for the England tour of West Indies in 2022.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
English cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
England Test cricketers
Wiltshire cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
Essex cricketers
Mountaineers cricketers
Sportspeople from Swindon
North v South cricketers
Rangpur Riders cricketers
Chattogram Challengers cricketers
Peshawar Zalmi cricketers
Islamabad United cricketers
Comilla Victorians cricketers
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup
Southern Brave cricketers
London Spirit cricketers
Prime Bank Cricket Club cricketers
Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club cricketers
Lahore Qalandars cricketers
Cricketers from Wiltshire


The U.S. state of Florida has a total of 4,510 islands that are ten acres or larger. This is the second-highest number of islands of any state of the United States; only Alaska has more.

Major island chains include the Florida Keys, the Ten Thousand Islands, the Sea Islands, and the barrier islands of the Atlantic coast, the Panhandle Gulf of Mexico coast, and the Tampa Bay Area and Southwest Florida Gulf coast.

See also
 List of island municipalities in Florida

References

Florida
Islands


Seeing Sounds is the third studio album by American alternative rock band N.E.R.D released June 10, 2008 on Star Trak Entertainment and Interscope Records in the United States. After ending their contract with Virgin Records in 2005, the band felt their previous album Fly or Die (2004) was too consistent. Using their own money, the band recorded the album in Florida and California. The album was produced solely by record production duo The Neptunes, consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, with additional assistance by rock band Spymob and was mainly written by Williams. The album's title, as well as its content, revolves around the neurological phenomenon of synesthesia, the mixing of sensory modalities.

The album debuted at number seven on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling 80,000 in its first week. It peaked in the top 20 in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, while also charting in the several other countries. Upon its release, Seeing Sounds received generally mixed to positive reviews from most music critics. Some writers called the record N.E.R.D's best album to date and praised its production, while others negatively criticized Williams' singing and the album's lyrical content.

Concept
While touring in promotion of their previous album, Fly or Die, N.E.R.D ended their contract with Virgin Records in 2005. After touring, Pharrell Williams felt that the album was too consistent; he felt the band abandoned a sense of unpredictability. The band became "hooked" on the energy from their fans and began recording their third album. Williams and fellow band member Chad Hugo later established Star Trak Entertainment, a subsidiary of Interscope Records.

For the album, the band wanted to create the atmosphere of hyperactivity they knew  their fans wanted. They wrote a few songs, but felt the songs "weren't strong enough" and sent them to other musicians. Member Shay Haley explained that in their new work, the band wanted to add energy to the emotional appeal of their past albums, though the band did not conceive a clear plan for the direction of the new album. N.E.R.D described the desired outcomes of  the album as "a pre-cognitive effort to make music that would make sense for us on while we're on a stage and to recapture that feeling we love so much" and additionally, "to make something that was thought provoking and for people to listen to it and enjoy it on their own time".

Originally titled N.3.R.D, the title was changed to Seeing Sounds. Williams explained that the title was based on synesthesia, a neurological phenomenon the band learned of while watching the Discovery Channel. They were inspired to create music that could be conceived as a live show. He was surprised to learn not everyone experienced while listening to music. He described synesthesia as the outcome when "one sense gets more information than what's intended", stimulated by sensory deprivation. Haley further elaborated, saying that it is a mixture of senses that causes a person to experience colorful hearing and auditory smell. When the band created the album, it was the music they envisioned and decided the appropriate title for the album, Seeing Sounds. Williams pointed out that the lyrics were also inspired by synesthesia. He said that his fans want to "rock out" and be taken on an "emotional roller coaster", and the only way to do that is to give the fans some records they could blast out on their speakers. The European-influenced music is layered and textured with many music modalities, differing from their past club-oriented albums. Hugo called the album a "big album of LSD, sonic drug". The band described the album of being an exercise in creative cohesion, band unity and a renewed purpose for themselves.

Williams went on to add: If you really analyze that, the most inspiration is probably deep inside a synesthesiac. So for us, 'seeing sounds' is what we relate to the most. We figured we'd make an album out of it. Energy and emotion was the criteria [while recording], but we made the music anticipating the [live] show. That was the most important thing…[The song] 'Spaz' is [an] old school, hip hop feeling with some drum and bass. It becomes a big, tall monster. It's almost like this big gorilla looking down at you. If he smacks you, he kills you. His fingers are the size of your body. That's kinda what we're doing. We're facing this big monster of, of what we know is out there, of what we see, that big monster of energy.

Recording and production
Spending their own money, N.E.R.D recorded the album at the South Beach Studios in Miami, Florida, and the Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, California. Williams used a Triton Extreme, Triton Pro and Pro Tools in the production of the album, while Hugo worked in Access Virus TI, Roland JV-1080, JV-2080, XV-5080, TR-808 and TR-909 as beatboxing was provided by Haley. Rock band Spymob further assisted production with guitar and drums. Production revolved around heavy rock, funk and soul music, which was first introduced in their debut album, In Search Of.... Hugo described the album as going back to the band's roots, combining a classic rock sound with a 1970s funk swing. The typical process of recording was described as "Williams arrives at the studio, ideas in full flower, and lays down both a beat (either programmed or played on an assortment of buckets) and vocals." Hugo then would add extra instrumentation. In an interview with MTV, Williams said that the band "didn't care about genres; we're not doing this for the money. We're doing this for people who pledge allegiance to our movement." Hugo went on to say that they "just want to make people move". On the album he said, "We had anger, quiet angst. We had something to get off our chest. And we wanted to show we could do it as a band." Don Was, a musician and record producer, thought that the band was on a creatively fulfilling path, calling their musical style "really innovative".

Williams felt music lacked energy, citing Limp Bizkit's "Nookie" as the last energetic record. Williams suggested his engineer, Andrew Coleman, to "put the drums and bass on the right, keys in the middle, and the mothafucking guitar and backgrounds on the left". Coleman denied his request, saying, "those systems were different back then. If we do that, you'll be in a club and all you will hear on one side of the club is drums and on the other side, just chords."

The Hives' members - Chris Dangerous (drums/percussion), Nicholaus Arson (guitar), Vigilante Carlstroem (guitar), Dr. Matt Destruction (bass) - contributed instrumentals on "Time For Some Action" and "Windows", with The Hives' frontman Howlin' Pelle Almqvist providing guest vocals on "Time For Some Action". On Seeing Sounds they are credited with their real names instead of the pseudonyms they use within the band.

Promotion

In promotion of the album, N.E.R.D performed in Kanye West's Glow in the Dark Tour as well as the Isle of Wight Festival. The band also performed at the Austin City Limits festival, where they encouraged fans to dance on stage and urged them to vote in the 2008 United States elections. The song "Spaz" was used for commercials for the Zune Pass. The band performed at Vanderbilt University's Rites of Spring Music Festival in April.

Reception

Commercial performance
The album debuted at number seven on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling 80,000 copies in its first week. As of 2010, sales in the United States have exceeded 222,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. It peaked in the top 20 in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, while also charting in the several other regions, including Austria, Belgium, France and Italy.

Critical response

Upon its release, the album received generally mixed to positive reviews from most music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 64, based on 19 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".  Some writers noted and praised the heavy use of electronic, bass and funk beats, while others suggest The Neptunes were unable to blend R&B and rock. Anthony Henriques of PopMatters lauded the production, saying that "their signature drums and spaced-out samples sound as good as ever here", going on to say "[t]he overall balance between live and electronic instrumentation is also the best they have managed on any of the N.E.R.D. albums". He compared the album to M.I.A.'s Kala as "one of the best genre-blurring club records". However, Andy Kellman of Allmusic felt the songs "still have a way of seeming as easy and carefree as the moments when N.E.R.D. are simply bashing away…blowing off steam, and talking ridiculous nonsense". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian pointed out that the songs were "largely about sex", calling it "wearisome". Ian Cohen of Pitchfork Media called the album a "baffling, obnoxious mess". Adrian Ruhi of Okayplayer gave the album a score of 88 out of 100 and called some of the songs "a dynamic mess", but noted it was "a good thing".

Some critics argued that the album was their most consistent and strongest album to date. Christian Hoard of Rolling Stone felt that the album was "experimental and expansive". Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine felt that the album lacked "freshness or spontaneity" that was found in the band's debut album, calling only two songs on the album "very visionary". Jim Farber of the Daily News criticized Williams, saying "Even aided by studio correction, the guy can't sing", calling it "bad singing at its engaging best". Cohen of Pitchfork Media bashed the lyrics, saying that the writing was "far down the list of what N.E.R.D. is actually good at". Hoard of Rolling Stone felt he learned nothing from the lyrics except that Williams was sexually aroused. Henriques of PopMatters noted that Williams is not a "technically gifted rapper", he "does not have a beautiful voice" and his lyrics are "typically inconsequential in a 'saying shit just to sound cool' sort of way", but found strengths in his choruses, which he pointed out "typically use a catchy phrase or recognizable melody as an anchor for his nonsensical verses". Dan Charnas of The Washington Post commended N.E.R.D for their songwriting, writing that Seeing Sounds "combines the adolescent and clever". The Times writer Priya Elan gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and wrote that band is "pushing the boundaries of the popular song".  In his Consumer Guide, Robert Christgau gave the album a three-star honorable mention () and stated, "Beats of course, songs usually, singing barely--especially sincere-type singing"; he also picked out two songs from the album: "Anti-Matter" and "Everyone Nose (All the Girls Standing in the Line for the Bathroom)".

Track listing

Personnel

 Davis A. Barnett – viola
 Andrew Coleman - engineer
 Eric Fawcett – drums, background vocals
 Larry Gold – conductor, string arrangements
 Bernie Grundman – mastering
 Hart Gunther – assistant
 Mike Larson - assistant, background vocals
 Femio Hernández – assistant
 Jun Hirota – package design, booklet design
 Mike Hogue – assistant
 Chad Hugo – horn, keyboards
 Chris Kasych – assistant

 Emma Kummrow – violin
 Jennie Lorenzo – cello
 Peter Nocella – viola
 Charles Parker – violin
 Brent Paschke – guitar
 Neal H. Pogue – engineer, mixing
 John Stahl – assistant
 Igor Szwec – violin
 Gregory Teperman – violin
 Javier Valverde – assistant

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

External links
 Seeing Sounds at Discogs

2008 albums
Albums produced by the Neptunes
Interscope Records albums
N.E.R.D. albums
Star Trak Entertainment albums


Albert Mitchell was a U.S. soccer center forward who played two seasons in the American Soccer League.

In 1922, J&P Coats of the American Soccer League acquired Mitchell from top amateur club Tebo Yacht Basin F.C.  He had an excellent season with Tebo, leading the team in scoring as it took the New York State League title.  However, he never settled into J&P Coats, despite scoring five goals in fifteen games.  As a result, he was shipped to New York Field Club for the 1922-1923 season.  He played only seven league game, scoring five goals before leaving the league.

References

American men's soccer players
Tebo Yacht Basin F.C. players
American Soccer League (1921–1933) players
Pawtucket Rangers players
New York Field Club players
Year of birth missing

Men's association football forwards


Samoa was a female killer whale captured in November 1983 in Iceland. She was captured off the east coast near Berufjordur and was sent to Saedyrasafnid aquarium before she was sold to Acuarama, a Brazilian aquarium along with a male named Nandu.

After Nandu's death, Samoa was Acuarama's only killer whale and was sold to SeaWorld. She was transferred to SeaWorld Ohio in May 1989, and was moved to SeaWorld Texas in October 1990.

During her stay at Texas she mated with an Icelandic killer whale named Kotar. Samoa died due to complications of giving birth. On March 14, 1992, Samoa went into premature labour, and died giving birth to a female calf a few hours later. The calf was stillborn. While Seaworld staff never reported unusual behavior, guests had made reports that prior to her death, Samoa had been coming out of the water and landing on the concrete slide-out area. It was the first reported death of a SeaWorld orca while giving birth.

The age of Samoa at the time of here death ranged from 12 to 14 as indicated in various sources.

See also
 List of individual cetaceans

References

Individual orcas


Linda Rae Jurgens is an American television and  film actress.

Biography

Jurgens was part of the cast of Top Gun (1986), in which she played the wife of Naval aviator Mike 'Viper' Metcalf played by Tom Skerritt.

Filmography

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American television actresses
American film actresses
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses


Manuel Ortiz Guerrero (16 July 1894 – 8 May 1933) was a Paraguayan poet and musician.

Biography
Guerrero was born in Ybaroty, a neighbourhood in the city of Villarrica del Espíritu Santo, Paraguay.  He was the son of Vicente Ortiz and Susana Guerrero, who died after giving birth. He was raised by his grandmother, Florencia Ortiz. He completed his first studies in a school in Villarrica, and stood out for his interest in scholarly works.Is mestizo 69% native america and 31 Spanish european

He was shy and not very social. In Colegio Nacional de Villarrica he evolved as a poet and developed his first verses. His classmates then started calling him Manú, nickname by which he would be immortalized.

He arrived in Asunción in 1914, where he studied in the Colegio Nacional de la Capital and gained a status of poet and leader of a whole generation.

He published his first poems in the Revista del Centro Estudiantil student centre magazine. Soon, local papers showed interest in him and allowed him popularity and an audience. One of his best pieces, "Loca", was published in the magazine Letras. He lived with his friend and also poet Guillermo Molinas Rolón.

In the 1920s he published poems such as "Surgente", "Pepitas" y "Nubes del este" and plays like "Eireté", "La Conquista" and "El crimen de Tintalila".  He also wrote the lyrics in guarani for some of the songs of his friend  José Asunción Flores. Pieces like "India" and "Buenos Aires" were written in Spanish.

Guerrero was exiled from his country and went to Brazil. He died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1933, victim of Hansen disease. His ashes rest in the city where he was born, and in a plaza of Asunción called "Manuel Ortiz Guerrero y José Asunción Flores". Posthumous publications of his works include Obras completas (1952) and Arenillas de mi tierra (1969).

Work
Characterized by modernism, “Loca” is followed by other poems that have a rather romantic tang: “Raída poty”, “Guarán-i”, “La sortija”, “Diana de gloria”.

He wrote indistinctively in Spanish and in Guaraní, succeeding admirably with poems  in the second language, most of all, beautiful poems that serve as lyrics for the most important guaranias of  José Asunción Flores: “Panambí verá”, “Nde rendape aju”, “Kerasy”y“Paraguaype”.  In his book La poesía paraguaya – Historia de una incógnita, the Brazilian critic Walter Wey writes: “Ortiz Guerrero represented the great courage of being an intellectual in a country without editors, even that of living exclusively from art, since writing poems and playing the guitar were the only things he was good at.

He would print his poems in his own typing machine and sell them from door to door. He managed to get to the people in a way such that they were touched by the leproso, Towards the end of his existence,  Manú received his last visitors and friends in the darkest corner of his miserable room, placing the chairs strategically distant from the bed so that they didn’t see him. The scars of this struggle with life and for life are reborn in some of his verses and in brochures titled “Cantimplora”, which testify the painful path of the guarani poet.”

References
Centro Cultural de la República El Cabildo
 Diccionario Biográfico "FORJADORES DEL PARAGUAY", Primera Edicción Enero de 2000. Distribuidora Quevedo de Ediciones. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

External links
 Música Paraguaya
 Staff.Uni-mainz

1894 births
1933 deaths
People from Villarrica, Paraguay
Paraguayan musicians
20th-century Paraguayan poets
Paraguayan male poets
Guarani-language writers
Indigenous people of the Gran Chaco
Guaraní people
20th-century indigenous writers of the Americas
Paraguayan people of Guarani descent
20th-century male writers