The Barber–Layden–Power effect (BLP effect or colloquially Bleep) is a blast wave phenomenon observed in the immediate aftermath of the successful functioning of air-delivered high-drag ordnance at the target.  In common with a typical blast wave, the flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave, followed by a 'self-similar' subsonic flow field.  The phenomenon appears to adhere to the basic principles of the Sedov solution.

History
The phenomenon is so named after the lead researchers from a joint team drawn from NASA Ames Research Center, the Field Artillery Training Center at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and instructors from the USAF Air Weapons School at Nellis AFB in response to a formal request for assistance from United States Central Command, MacDill AFB, Tampa, Florida, framed following events during Operation Anaconda.  Instructors from the Royal School of Artillery's Gunnery Training Team also assisted.

Application
The effect is caused by extremely localised fluctuations in surface pressure and humidity, which cause the initial shock wave to distort momentarily and refocus on itself, leading to a double shock wave, each of markedly reduced effect.  This has distinct utility in the employment of air delivered ordnance close to key urban structures as part of an ongoing influence campaign.
The energy of the blast is so great that the pressure and temperature of the gas outside the shock front is negligible compared to the pressure and temperature inside. This substantially reduces the number of parameters available in the problem, leaving only the energy E of the blast, the resting density  of the external gas, and the time t since the explosion. With only these three dimensional parameters, it is possible to form other quantities with unique functional dependences. In particular, the only length scale in the problem is

The constant of proportionality will depend on the equation of state of the gas.  R can be effectively treated as a constant due to the nature of blasting weapons versus heat/blast ordnance.

Future developments
Work is ongoing into capturing the exact environmental conditions in which the effect can be reliably repeated.  This work is part of the 'Grays Study' and will report in late 2008.

References

Fluid dynamics


A whipsaw strike (also called a selective strike) is a strike by a trade union against only one or a few employers in an industry or a multi-employer association at a time. The strike is often of a short duration, and usually recurs during the labor dispute or contract negotiations—hence the name "whipsaw".

Multi-employer bargaining
As unionization spreads in an industry, unions often attempt to encourage employers in that industry to bargain as a group. The goal is to negotiate an industry-wide contract which equalizes pay across employers, forcing businesses to compete on the basis of quality, innovation, and occupational safety and health. This activity is known as multi-employer bargaining.  Multi-employer bargaining has been common in the United States and other countries since the 1880s. It is more common in heavily unionized industries such as construction, steelmaking and transportation; where there is high turnover due to the nature of the job (such as construction and longshore operations); and where numerous small employers face a powerful labor union. Although increasingly rare in the private sector in the United Kingdom, multi-employer bargaining remains common in Western Europe (especially in Germany), Scandinavia, Japan, and some South American countries (such as Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay). Canada, for example, encourages multi-employer bargaining by law.

Employers face an economic incentive to break away from the employer bargaining group.  If the employer does so and is able to negotiate a contract with lower labor costs, that employer will achieve a significant competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Whipsaw strike in multi-employer bargaining
To discourage employers from breaking away from the bargaining group, unions developed the whipsaw strike. In a whipsaw strike, the union strikes one employer (or just a few employers) in the multi-employer bargaining group. The strike is usually of a short duration (a few days or a week at most). The union strikes employer after employer. Strikes may occur one after another and may overlap, or there may be long lulls between strikes. The same employer may be struck repeatedly, with sometimes as little as 24 hours between strikes.

The goal of a whipsaw strike may vary.  In some cases, the strike is conducted only against an employer the union believes is considering quitting the employer association. In other cases, the job action is conducted against a strong employer who is committed to staying in the employer group. The strike serves as an example to keep other, weaker businesses (which have a greater incentive to leave the employer group) in line.  Sometimes, a whipsaw strike is used as a bargaining tool.  For example, the strike may be directed at an employer or employers in the group which the union believes are holding up an agreement, or to keep employers off balance in negotiations, weaken the employer group's economic strength, and exercise the union's economic power.

Employer responses and legality
Employer reactions to whipsaw strikes vary widely. In some countries which ban worker strikes, the whipsaw strike is illegal and employers are able to work with government law enforcement officials to end its use. In countries where the whipsaw strike is permitted, employers often counter this form of strike by locking out all employees who work for the employer association and using strikebreakers to provide temporary or permanent replacements.

Few nations have addressed the use of lockouts during whipsaw strikes, however. In the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled on the legality of the practice. The question before the Court was whether a lockout during a whipsaw strike was an unfair labor practice (ULP) under the National Labor Relations Act and its various amendments. In NLRB v. Truck Drivers Local 449 ("Buffalo Linen Supply Co."), 353 U.S. 87 (1957), the Court held that such a lockout was not a ULP. The high court further extended this ruling in NLRB v. Brown Food Stores, 380 U.S. 278 (1965), holding that an employer could engage in a partial lockout of its employees in advance of a whipsaw strike so long as the employer only utilized temporary replacements and locked out all workers (not just those who supported the union).

Notes

References
Brisbin Jr., Richard A. A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law and Resistance During the Pittston Coal Strike of 1989-1990. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Getman, Julius G. and Kohler, Thomas C. "The Story of 'NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co.': The High Cost of Solidarity". In Labor Law Stories. Laura J. Cooper and Catherine L. Fisk, eds. New York: Foundation Press, 2005.
Hardin, Patrick; Higgins Jr, John E.; Hexter, Christopher T.; and Neighbours, John T. The Developing Labor Law: The Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: BNA Books, 2002.
"Hiring of Replacements by Nonstruck Employers in 'Whipsaw Strike' Context Held Not an Unfair Labor Practice". Columbia Law Review. 64:1 (January 1964).
International Labor Organization. World Labour Report 1994. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, April 1994.
LeRoy, Michael H. "Lockouts Involving Replacement Workers: An Empirical Public Policy Analysis and Proposal to Balance Economic Weapons Under the NLRA". Washington University Law Quarterly. 74:981 (Winter 1996).
"Limits on Labor & Management". Time. April 9, 1965.
"Multi-Employer Lockout Found Lawful Response to Whipsaw Strike". Columbia Law Review. 57:8 (December 1957).
O'Connell, Lesley D. Collective Bargaining Systems in 6 Latin American Countries: Degrees of Autonomy and Decentralization. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, May 1999.
Rose, Joseph B. "Multi-Employer Cohesion in Australian Construction". Journal of Industrial Relations. 29:4 (1987).
Tolliday, S. The Power to Manage?: Employers and Industrial Relations in Comparative Historical Perspective. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Wetzel K.; Maxey C.; and Gallagher D.G. "Management and Union Assessments of Multi-Employer Bargaining in Health Care: A Canadian Example".  Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration. 7:4 (Spring 1985).
Williams, Steve and Adam-Smith, Derek. Contemporary Employment Relations: A Critical Introduction. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Labor relations
Labor disputes


Konieczny (masculine), Konieczna (feminine) is a Polish surname. A possible origin is a nickname for a person who lived at the edge of a village, from the archaic meaning of the word konieczny, 'last', 'final'

Early records of the surname are dated by 1425. Its bearers were both szlachta (Polish nobility) and commoners. , there were over 14,000 persons with this surname in Poland.

Notable people with the surname include:

Konieczny
 Aleksy Konieczny (1925-?), Polish bobsledder
 Bartłomiej Konieczny (born 1981), Polish footballer
 Doug Konieczny (born 1951), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
 Edward J. Konieczny (born 1954),  bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Oklahoma
 Hans-Peter Konieczny, one of the members of the Red Army Faction
 Janusz Konieczny (senator) (born 1942), Polish politician
 Janusz Konieczny (general) (born 1946), Polish general
 Jerzy Konieczny (1950–2020), Polish politician
 Marian Konieczny (1930-2017), Polish sculptor
 Robert Konieczny  (born 1969), Polish architect
 Tomasz Konieczny (born 1972), Polish opera singer
 Zdzisław Konieczny (1930-2016), Polish historian
 Zygmunt Konieczny (born 1937), Polish composer
 Zygmunt Konieczny (bobsleigh) (1927-2003), Polish bobsledder

Konieczna
 Aleksandra Konieczna, Polish actress
 Aneta Konieczna (born 1978), Polish sprint canoer
 Karolina Konieczna, Polish road cyclist who competed in the 2006 UCI Road World Championships
 Klaudia Konieczna (born 1995), Polish volleyball player

See also

 Konečný (Czech variant)

References

Polish-language surnames


The Complete Chronicles of Conan: Centenary Edition is a collection of fantasy short stories written by Robert E. Howard featuring his sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian.  The book was published in 2006 by Gollancz and is an omnibus of their earlier collections The Conan Chronicles, Volume 1: The People of the Black Circle and The Conan Chronicles, Volume 2: The Hour of the Dragon, though the stories are rearranged.  The collection is edited by Stephen Jones and was issued to celebrate the centenary of Howard's birth.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines The Phantagraph, Weird Tales, Super-Science Fiction, Magazine of Horror, Fantasy Fiction, Fantasy Magazine and The Howard Collector.

Contents
 "The Hyborian Age"
 "Cimmeria"
 "The Phoenix on the Sword"
 "The Scarlet Citadel"
 "The Tower of the Elephant"
 "Black Colossus"
 "The Slithering Shadow"
 "The Pool of the Black One"
 "Rogues in the House"
 "Shadows in the Moonlight"
 "Queen of the Black Coast"
 "The Devil in Iron"
 "The People of the Black Circle"
 "A Witch Shall Be Born"
 "Jewels of Gwahlur"
 "Beyond the Black River"
 "Shadows in Zamboula"
 "Red Nails"
 "The Hour of the Dragon" (poem)
 "The Hour of the Dragon"
 "The God in the Bowl"
 "The Black Stranger"
 "The Frost-Giant’s Daughter"
 "Drums of Tombalku" (draft)
 "The Vale of Lost Women"
 "Wolves Beyond the Border" (Draft)
 "The Snout in the Dark" (draft)
 "The Hall of the Dead" (synopsis)
 "The Hand of Nergal" (fragment)
 Notes on Various Peoples of the Hyborian Age
 Robert E. Howard and Conan, by Stephen Jones

References

2006 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Conan the Barbarian books
Victor Gollancz Ltd books


Dave Randorf (born July 31, 1967) is a Canadian sportscaster who serves as the play-by-play announcer for the television broadcasts of the Tampa Bay Lightning professional hockey team. He is best known for his work at TSN hosting the network's Canadian Football League studio show as well as TSN's and CTV's coverage of figure skating. He also did play-by-play for the NHL on TSN (along with the regional coverage of the Montreal Canadiens), World Hockey Championship, and the National Lacrosse League on TSN.

Biography
Randorf was born in Toronto and his family moved to Vancouver in 1978.  He graduated from Seaquam Secondary School in the Sunshine Hills neighbourhood of North Delta, in the city of Delta, British Columbia. Randorf joined TSN in 1985 as an editorial assistant during his first year as a Radio and Television Arts student at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute. He worked in the TSN newsroom until 1989, when he returned to Vancouver. He joined Sports Page, a nightly sports show on CKVU-TV, as a reporter and anchor. While in Vancouver he also worked for radio station CKNW (AM), working on Vancouver Canucks radio broadcasts as a reporter, and later as game host. He also started hosting his own call-in show on the radio station in 1995. Later that year, Randorf left CKVU and returned to TSN as a Vancouver correspondent. He also played for the Frostbacks hockey club. In 1997, he became the full-time co-anchor of TSN's Pacific Prime edition of Sportsdesk (now SportsCentre), airing from TSN's Vancouver studios.

Randorf's duties at TSN quickly expanded as he covered numerous events, including U.S. Open golf, the Grey Cup, the Super Bowl, men's and women's Ice Hockey World Championships, Memorial Cup, Pan Am Games, and Canada Games. He has also hosted TSN's coverage of the 2000 Summer Olympics, 2002 Winter Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics, and 2010 Winter Olympics. Working for Canada's Olympic Broadcast Media Consortium, Randorf co-hosted the CTV Olympic Morning block during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Randorf was part of TSN's CFL crew from 1999 to 2013, calling the play-by-play action in 1999 and 2000 and hosting from 2001 until 2013. In addition, he was the play-by-play commentator for Montreal Canadiens regional games from 2011 to 2014.

On November 26, 2013, Rogers Media, the owners of the competing network Sportsnet, reached a 12-year deal to become the national rightsholder of the NHL worth $5.2 billion. In June 2014, Randorf officially joined Rogers to become one of the leading voices of their national coverage along with the revamped Hockey Night in Canada, ending his 17-year career at TSN.

Randorf has called two NHL All-Star Games. In 2019, after the departure of Paul Romanuk, Randorf was assigned to his first, and only, NHL Conference Final, the 2019 Western Conference Finals between the San Jose Sharks and the St. Louis Blues.

On January 7, 2021, Randorf was announced as the new television play-by-play announcer for the Tampa Bay Lightning on Bally Sports Sun in advance of the 2020–21 season. He took over after the team's previous announcer of 24 years, Rick Peckham, retired following the previous season.

Personal life
Randorf is the father of three children, Kyle, Blake, and Trevor.

Nominations
Randorf was rewarded for his outstanding contribution to the world of sports with a 2000 Gemini Award nomination as Best Sports Broadcaster.

References

1967 births
Living people
Canadian Football League announcers
Canadian television sportscasters
Golf writers and broadcasters
Lacrosse announcers
Montreal Canadiens announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
People from Delta, British Columbia
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
Vancouver Canucks announcers
Toronto Maple Leafs announcers


The Fighting Ranger is a 1925 American silent Western film serial directed by Jay Marchant and starring Jack Dougherty. The film is now considered to be lost.

Plot
As described in a review in a film magazine, fifteen years earlier, John Marshall (Welsh), a prosperous cattle raiser, shot a man. He knew the act was justifiable, but because of the political influence of his victim he felt his only recourse was to flee. Taking his little daughter, he hid himself in a fastness of the mountains that constitute a part of his vast ranch. The only man he trusts in the outside world is Topaz Taggart (Osborne), a political boss and all-round tricky citizen, who is really trying to get Marshall's ranch as he knows that buried on it is a fabulous treasure that is guarded by an aged Yaqui, the last of his tribe. Bud Hughes (Wilson), one time an aviator but now a tramp, has attached himself to Marshall's hiding place which also includes Miguel Cordero (Avery), a faithful Mexican workman. One day Terrence O'Rourke (Dougherty), a forest ranger with a double mission, drops into the hiding place because, due to a wound, he lost control of his airplane. Marshall's daughter Mary (Sedgwick), now grown into womanhood, nurses the young man back to health. From here, in later chapters Terrence becomes her and her father's protector in a series of disheartening experiences at the hands of Taggart and his tools.

Cast

Chapter titles

 The Intruder
 The Frame-Up
 The Secret Trail
 Falsely Accused
 The Betrayal
 The Lost Fortune
 Cattle Wolves
 Under Fire
 Man to Man
 The Fatal Message
 Hidden Fangs
 False Friends
 Stolen Secrets
 Steeds of the Sky
 Yaqui Gold
 Left for Dead
 Yaqui Gold
 [Unknown title]

See also
 List of American films of 1925
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio
 List of lost films

References

External links

1925 films
1925 lost films
1925 Western (genre) films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Jay Marchant
Lost American Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures film serials
Silent American Western (genre) films
1920s American films


Things That Lovers Do is a collaborative studio album by American singers and real-life couple Kenny Lattimore and Chanté Moore. It was released by Arista Records on February 11, 2003. The album includes covers of classic 1970's and 1980's soul duets by singers Karyn White and Babyface, Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, and more. It peaked at number thirty-one on the US Billboard 200 and number three on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, with first week sales of 47,000 units. Things That Lovers Do was preceded by two singles: "Loveable (From Your Head to Your Toes)" and "You Don't Have to Cry".

Background and release
According to executive producer Antonio Reid, the album release was timed to coincide with Valentine's Day. Lattimore Moore took an unorthodox route to promoting their album by mounting a full stage show also titled Things That Lovers Do. The play toured through Richmond, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Washington, DC, Pittsburgh, and Detroit from January 2003 through March 2003. Also starring in the play were comedian/actress Kym Whitley and actor Clifton Powell who plays a less-than-deserving fiancé to Chante's character. The play was directed and staged by Tony Award-winner George Faison.

The album artwork bears a "warning" on the back stating that the CD "may cause pregnancy," making reference to the fact that Chante became pregnant with the couple's first child during the recording of the album. In the music video for the single "You Don't Have To Cry," both Lattimore and Moore appear to sing in separate shots. The end of the clip reveals that both are against an adjacent wall as the camera pans down to discover Moore's prominently showing stomach. Shortly after the release of the album and close of the stage play, she gave birth to a son named Kenneth Lattimore Jr. at 9 pounds and 20 inches long in Los Angeles, CA. Kenneth Jr. was born on April 10, 2003, the same date as his father's birthday.

Critical reception

Allmusic gave the album a positive review, stating that "when an album bears the legend "WARNING! This project may cause pregnancy!," it better contain some serious lovemaking grooves. Things That Lovers Do luckily lives up to its claims, delivering an old-school-inspired slice of sweet slow-jam music that sounds like it could inspire more action than Barry White's waterbed [...] A modern R&B classic in the making, Things That Lovers Do combines the best of old and new R&B to create what may very well be the ultimate make-out album."

People wrote that Lattimore and Moore "make a perfect musical marriage on this candlelight collection of duets, including 10 classic-soul covers plus two new songs [...] Best is their radiant rendition of Billy Preston and Syreeta’s 1980 hit “With You I’m Born Again,” on which Lattimore and Moore seem born to sing together." Craig Seymour from Entertainment Weekly found that "the results are exqui-sitely competent and utterly boring. Both singers have fine voices, especially the Minnie Riperton-like Moore. But their pairings consistently lack heat and seem to be more about politeness than passion."

Singles
"Loveable (From Your Head to Your Toes)" was released as the lead single from the album in 2002. "You Don't Have to Cry" was released as the second single from the album in 2003. A music video for the song was released.

Track listing

Notes
 denotes co-producer(s)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

External links

2003 albums
Kenny Lattimore albums
Chanté Moore albums
Covers albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis


Gibbs College – Livingston was a private two-year college in Livingston, New Jersey.  It was part of the Gibbs College group of private schools founded by Katherine Gibbs.  At one time the Livingston campus had an annual enrollment of approximately 1,000 students.  The school was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) to award associate degrees and Certificates and by the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education.

This branch of Gibbs College was originally located in Montclair, New Jersey, where it opened in 1950.
By 2000 the Montclair location was deemed too small.  For its new campus, the college redeveloped a former Allison Corporation manufacturing plant on New Jersey Route 10.  The project required five years of planning and nineteen months to obtain required permits, sparking a public discussion about undesirable regulatory obstacles to adaptive reuse of existing buildings.  The resulting project had a  building on a  campus with lecture rooms, computer labs, a large library, cafeteria, student reception center, and offices.  Within a few years, however, the campus was closed as part of a larger contraction of Gibbs College campuses.

References

External links
Gibbs College official website
Gibbs College, Livingston, New Jersey, Aztec Corporation (project architects)

Universities and colleges in Essex County, New Jersey
Livingston, New Jersey


John Barkley Rosser Jr. (April 12, 1948 - January 10, 2023) was a mathematical economist and Professor of Economics at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia since 1988. He was known for work in nonlinear economic dynamics, including applications in economics of catastrophe theory, chaos theory, and complexity theory (complex dynamics, complexity economics).  With Marina V. Rosser he invented the concept of the "new traditional economy".  He introduced into economic discourse the concepts of chaotic bubbles, chaotic hysteresis (op. cit., p. 326), and econochemistry.  He also invented the concepts of the megacorpstate and hypercyclic morphogenesis. He was the first to provide a mathematical model of the period of financial distress in a speculative bubble. With Marina V. Rosser and Ehsan Ahmed, he was the first to argue for a two-way positive link between income inequality (economic inequality) and the size of an underground economy in a nation. Rosser's equation has been used to forecast ratios of future Social Security benefits to current ones in real terms.

Background and personal life
Born in Ithaca, New York, Rosser received a BA in economics with a minor in mathematics in 1969, an MA in economics in 1972, and a Ph.D. in economics in 1976, studying with Eugene Smolensky, all from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

On August 15, 1984 he became legally engaged to the former Marina Rostislavovna Vcherashnaya in Moscow, USSR, officially set to be married at 3 PM, November 13, 1984.  After he returned to the United States, she was forced to resign from her position as Senior Researcher in the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO).  He was not granted a visa to return to Moscow to marry her, making them into a blocked marriage case.  This violated the Helsinki Accords, signed by the Soviet Union in 1975.  After diplomatic efforts, linked to the emerging perestroika program of Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, their case was resolved when Marina was allowed to travel to the United States on April 4, 1987.  This was the first resolution of such a case in the Soviet Union, and became a precedent helping to establish in international law more generally the right of people to marry freely whom they choose across national boundaries. They married on May 24, 1987, and she is now Professor of Economics at James Madison University also.

His father was the late J. Barkley Rosser Sr. (1907–1989), a prominent mathematician.

Career
Rosser joined the economics department at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1977, where he has been Professor of Economics since 1988 and Kirby L. Cramer Jr. Professor Business Administration since 1996.  He has published several books and over 200 journal articles, book chapters, and book reviews in a wide variety of sub-fields of economics (see External Link for recent papers and complete cv). He served as Editor of the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization from 2001–2010. In 2012 he became Founding Editor-in-Chief of the Review of Behavioral Economics. As of 2018, he is also Coeditor of New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 4th edition.

In 2009, Rosser was named a Fellow of Economists for Peace and Security. In 2010 he received a festschrift, Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics, Finance, and the Social Sciences: Essays in Honour of John Barkley Rosser Jr., edited by Gian-Italo Bischi, Carl Chiarella, and Laura Gardini, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. In 2011, he received an Outstanding Faculty Award from the State Council on Higher Education in Virginia. In 2012 he was named Ambassador of the University of Urbino, Italy.  Since 2007 he has blogged at Econospeak, http://econospeak.blogspot.com.

In 2019, Rosser was elected President of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences.

References

External links
 John Barkley Rosser Jr.'s Home Page

1948 births
Living people
21st-century American economists
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
James Madison University faculty


Marian Adam Konieczny (13 January 1930, Jasionów – 25 July 2017 Jaroszowiec) was a Polish sculptor and politician, Professor and Dean at the Faculty of Sculpture of the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.

Life
A 1954 graduate of the Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie (Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts) in Kraków, Konieczny was a student of Xawery Dunikowski.  He was a professor and rector of the Academy from 1972 to 1981.  Konieczny sculpted many notable monuments, such as the Warsaw Nike, Martyrs Memorial in Algiers, General Tadeusz Kosciuszko in Philadelphia and Pope John Paul II in Leżajsk. In 2000, President Aleksander Kwasniewski awarded him the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
His monument of Vladimir Lenin in Nowa Huta was the biggest Lenin's monument in Poland, removed in 1989. Lenin's heel was damaged in 1979 as the result of a weak explosion. In 2009, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

Konieczny died in Jasionów, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, on 25 July 2017 at the age of 87.

Gallery

See also
Art of Poland

Notes

1930 births
2017 deaths
Polish sculptors
Polish male sculptors
People from Brzozów County
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis
Recipients of the State Award Badge (Poland)


The overflow downdraw method or fusion method is a technique for producing flat glass. The key advantage of this technique as compared to the float glass process is that the pristine surfaces are not touched by molten tin. The technique is used for the production of very thin flat panel display glass by the companies Asahi Glass Co., Corning,  Nippon Electric Glass,
Samsung Corning Precision Materials,
and various other companies operating in the field of display glass and other types of thin glass.

The fusion method was originally conceived by Corning in the 1960s as a method for manufacturing automotive windshields. Shelved for years, the technology was reintroduced to supply the flat screen display market.
A sheet of glass is formed when molten glass overflows from a supply trough, flows down both sides, and rejoins (fuses) at the tapered bottom, where it is drawn away in sheet form.

References

External links
 US Patent 851627, June 15, 2004
 US Patent 6990834, January 31, 2006
 Huey-Jiuan Lin, Wei-Kuo Chang: Design of a sheet forming apparatus for overflow fusion process by numerical simulation; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Volume 353, Issues 30-31, 1 October 2007, Pages 2817-2825 Full text article
 description of the fusion overflow process at the Corning website

Glass production


The Diocese of Oria () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Apulia. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Taranto.

History
It would appear that Oria Oyra () in early times had bishops of its own, because there is a record on a slab in the cathedral, dating from the eighth or ninth century, in which there is mention of a Bishop Theodosius, who was not one of the bishops of Brindisi. A bishop of Euryatensis is named in a Novella of Emperor Leo the Isaurian in 813, which might be a Greek spelling of Oriatensis. When Brindisi was destroyed by the Saracens in the ninth century, its bishops established their see at Oria and called themselves Archbishops of Oria and Brindisi.

In 918, Oria, along with Reggio, Siponto and Taranto, was attacked and devastated by Moors. In 924 there was another attack by Saracens and Moors. In 925 Muslims captured Taranto and Oria. In 926 the Hungarians devastated a town called Auria, which has been identified as Oria. In 977 the Saracens (Agareni) burned and destroyed the town. In 979 Bishop Andrea Albanese began to reconstruct the town, despite the rapacity of the Greek Porphyrius the Protospatha. Porphyrius killed the bishop.

Struggle with Brindisi

In 1055 the Normans first appeared in Calabria, initiating a lengthy struggle between Byzantine forces who were occupying the territory and the Norman invaders.  The Chronicum Northmannicum states that a battle took place at Oria, and that Humphredus (Onophrius), the brother of Count William Iron-Arm, conquered the Greeks; he died the next year. His brother Count Robert Guiscard captured Hydruntum and Castra Minervae, and in 1056 he seized Taranto, but was repulsed; he took it permanently in May 1060. That summer, Count Malagerius came to Oria and expelled the Greeks from it.  In 1062, Robert Guiscard took Brindisi again, and later came to Oria and took it again.  In 1082 Oria was besieged by Geoffrey of Conversano, but in April his uncle Robert Guiscard raised the siege.

On 3 October 1089, while he was staying at Trani, Pope Urban II wrote to Godinus, Bishop of Oria. He informed the bishop that the situation in the area had been fully investigated, and reminded him that the episcopal seat which was now situated at Oria had from antiquity been located in Brindisi, but that, when Brindisi had been devastated, the seat had been transferred to the municipality of Oria.  But now that the city of Brindisi had been restored, the Pope wanted the episcopal seat returned to Brindisi, since Count Goffredus had promised the Pope that the properties of the Church of Brindisi would be restored and even augmented, and that the Church of Brindisi would live under its own government in accordance with Canon Law, always saving the authority of the Roman Pontiff. Even after their return to their former capital, however, the Bishops of Brindisi  were addressed on occasion as "Archbishop of Oria". The title of archbishop was claimed from the days when Brindisi had belonged to the Greek church, but the Roman pontiffs declined, at least until the time of Paschal II, to recognize the title. This arrangement persisted until 1591.

Godinus of Brindisi, however, did not fully carry out the restoration of his diocesan seat, as Pope Urban had wanted. This brought a sharp rebuke from Urban II ten years later in the form of a letter to Bishop Godinus, warning him that he should keep to his episcopal seat in Brindisi and not engage in consecrating chrism, ordaining priests, and holding synods at Oria. He did advise him that the clergy and people of Oria should show proper respect for their Mother Church, and should not seek chrism from any other church. Their church was not a cathedral, and Oria was a town which belonged to the diocese of Brindisi, as Pope Calixtus II stated.

Frederick II (1194–1250) built a castle on the hill of Oria, perhaps beginning in 1233, when he also fortified Naples, Trani, Bari, Brindisi, Albanese, Pagano and Papatodero. He also gave the Archbishop of Brindisi the piece of property on the eastern side of the hilltop where the castle was being built as the site for a new church, which was much later to become Oria Cathedral.

In 1219, as he was returning from his unsuccessful trip to Syria to convert the Sultan of Egypt, Saint Francis of Assisi visited Oria and began the establishment of a Franciscan convent there.

In 1559 the Marquisate of Oria was bestowed by King Philip II of Spain and Naples on Frederigo Borromeo of Milan, and when he died without issue in 1562, his successor was Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, the Administrator of the diocese of Milan.  The Cardinal held the Marquisate for seven years before selling it to the Imperiali family (1569), for 40,000 ounces of gold.  The gold was distributed by the Cardinal to the poor in a single day.

New diocese
The town was erected into an episcopal see on 8 May 1591 by Pope Gregory XIV, after the death of the Spaniard Bernardino de Figueroa of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostuni in November 1586, and an interregnum of four and a half years. The diocese of Oria was assigned as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Taranto. The first bishop of Oria was Vincenzo del Tufo.

In 1675 the town of Oria had a population estimated at 3,500 persons.  In 1746 the population had grown to an estimated 7000 persons.

Oria Cathedral (the Cathedral of the Bodily Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven) had a chapter composed of four dignities (the Archdeacon of Oria, the Cantor, the Subcantor, and the Treasurer) and sixteen Canons. In 1746 there were eighteen Canons.  The present Baroque cathedral dates from 1756, having been constructed after a violent earthquake destroyed the thirteenth-century church which had become the cathedral in 1591.

On 23 January 2010, Pope Benedict XVI named Father Vincenzo Pisanello  a priest of the archdiocese of Otranto and Episcopal Vicar for Administration and Pastor of the Parish of Saints Peter and Paul Church in Galatina, Italy (Lecce), as Bishop of Oria. He was born in Galatina on 3 May 1959 and ordained to the priesthood on 23 June 1984.

Bishops of the Diocese of Oria
Erected: 8 May 1591
Vincenzo del Tufo, C.R. (1596 – Sep 1600 Died)
Lucio Fornari (16 Sep 1601 – Sep 1618 Died)
Giandomenico Ridolfi, C.R. (27 Jan 1620 – 15 Jul 1630 Died)
Marco Antonio Parisi (24 Nov 1632 Confirmed – 24 Jan 1649 Died)
Raffaele de Palma, O.F.M. Conv.  (14 Feb 1650 – 5 Mar 1674 Died)
Carlo Cuzzolini (9 Sep 1675 Confirmed – 25 Feb 1697)
Tommaso Maria Franza, O.P.  (3 Jun 1697 – 28 Jan 1719 Died)
Giambattista Labanchi  (27 May 1720 – 15 Jul 1746 Died)
Castrensis Scaja  (28 Nov 1746 – 12 Oct 1755 Died)
François Joseph Antoine de los Reyes  (5 Apr 1756 Confirmed – 19 Feb 1769 Died)
Giovanni Capece  (12 Mar 1770 Confirmed – Nov 1770 Died)
Enrico Celaja  (30 Mar 1772 Confirmed – Mar 1780 Died)
Alexander Maria Calefati  (17 Sep 1781 Confirmed – 30 Dec 1793 Died)
Fabrizio Cimino, C.SS.R.  (29 Jan 1798 – 22 Mar 1818 Died)
Francesco Saverio Triggiani, O.F.M. Conv.  (21 Dec 1818 Confirmed – 27 Dec 1828 Resigned)
Michele Lanzetta  (18 May 1829 Confirmed – 6 Apr 1832 Resigned)
Giovanni Domenico di Guido  (29 Jul 1833 Confirmed – 16 Dec 1848 Died)
Luigi Margarita, C.M.  (17 Feb 1851 Confirmed – 15 Apr 1888 Died)
Tommaso Montefusco  (1 Jun 1888 – 21 Jun 1895 Died)
Teodosio Maria Gargiulo  (21 Jun 1895 Succeeded – 16 Dec 1902 Died)
Antonio di Tommaso  (22 Jun 1903 – 8 Feb 1947 Retired)
Alberico Semeraro  (1 May 1947 – 17 Mar 1978 Retired)
Salvatore De Giorgi (17 Mar 1978 Succeeded – 4 Apr 1981 Appointed, Archbishop of Foggia)
Armando Franco  (12 Sep 1981 – 15 Dec 1997 Died)
Marcello Semeraro (25 Jul 1998 – 1 Oct 2004 Appointed, Bishop of Albano)
Michele Castoro (14 May 2005 – 15 Jul 2009 Appointed, Archbishop of Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo)
Vincenzo Pisanello (23 Jan 2010 – )

See also

 Minor Basilica of the Most Holy Rosary

Notes

Books

Reference Works
 (in Latin)
 (in Latin)

 pp. 946–947. (Use with caution; obsolete)
 (in Latin)
 (in Latin)
 (in Latin)

Studies
Antonucci, Giovanni (1933). "Medioevo salentino : (Ricerche ed appunti): Sull'origine della diocesi di Oria", in Rinascenza salentina 1 (1933), pp. 310–316, at 315-316.

Errico, F. A. (1906). Cenni storici sulla città di Oria e del suo insigne vescovado. Napoli: Sordomuti.

Giordano, O. (1972), "Documenti papali dei secc. XI e XII relative alle Diocesi di Brindisi e di Oria," in: Studi di Storia Pugliese in onore di Giuseppe Chiarelli Volume I (Galatina: M. Congido 1972), pp. 422–438.
Kehr, Paulus Fridolin (1962). Italia pontificia. Regesta pontificum Romanorum. Vol. IX: Samnium–Apulia–Lucanium.  Berlin: Weidmann, pp. 383–396.

 Pedío, Tommaso (1976). "La Chiesa di Brindisi dai Longobardi ai Normanni", in Archivio storico pugliese 29 (1976), pp. 3–47.

Oria
Religious organizations established in the 1590s
Oria


Zoran Spasojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Спасојевић; born January 22, 1949, in Kragujevac), is a Serbian writer.

Biography
He has had published fourteen books and one compact disc.

He is also the author of the screenplay for a television comedy serial Without a Title (2000) and a radio drama Short history of alternating standing and falling (2004).

He has been published in more than seventy anthologies and collections of poetry, short stories, short drama and satire.

In addition to writing, he makes digital graphics and mail art works. His digital graphics can be seen in numerous internet magazines, newspapers and books.

He has received many awards for his works.

He is a member of the Association of drama writers of Serbia and the Association of Serbian writers.

Book
 The Gift of Emptiness (poetry, Kragujevac, 1986)
 Farewell suit (short stories, Belgrade, 1997)
 Hunger (poetry, Kragujevac, 1998),
 Short Stories without Any Trouble (short stories - first edition, Belgrade, 2003)
 America has a hole (drama trilogy, Belgrade, 2003)
 Short Stories without Any Trouble (short stories - second expanded edition, Belgrade, 2006)
 Reservation Serbia (short drama, Belgrade, 2006)
 Gavrilo's Principle (comedy, Belgrade, 2008)
 Do you love me, Jakove (comedy, Belgrade, 2008)
 Here the rabbit drinks water (short satire, Belgrade, 2008)
 A little night mail (e-mail art, Kragujevac, 2009)
 My man (comedy, Belgrade, 2010)
 Hat (short stories, Belgrade, 2018)
 Stories (short stories, Belgrade, 2018)

CD-ROM
 Circus (graphics, books and texts - Kragujevac 2006).

External links
Zoran Spasojević’s blog
Exhibition of Zoran Spasojević

1949 births
Living people
Writers from Kragujevac
Serbian male poets
Serbian male short story writers
Serbian dramatists and playwrights
Serbian screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Serbian artists


Sir Edward Smirke (1795–1875) was an English lawyer and antiquary.

Life
The third son of Robert Smirke, and brother of Sir Robert Smirke, and of Sydney Smirke, he was born at Marylebone. He was educated privately and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. (being twelfth wrangler) in 1816, and M.A. in 1820. In July 1815 he obtained the Chancellor's gold medal for an English poem on Wallace, which was printed in that year, and in Cambridge Prize Poems (1820, 1828, and 1859).

Smirke was called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 12 November 1824, went on the western circuit, and attended the Hampshire sessions. In December 1844 he was appointed solicitor-general to the Prince of Wales, and on the following 5 February solicitor-general to him as Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall. He succeeded to the post of attorney-general to the prince on 25 June 1852, and was ex officio member of his council. By letters patent under the great seal of England he was constituted on 2 July 1853 vice-warden of the stannaries of Cornwall and Devon, which post he held until 29 September 1870. From 1846 to 1855 he was recorder of Southampton. On his retirement in 1870 from active life he was knighted at Windsor.

As a student, Smirke had a predilection for the investigation and elucidation of charters, and for the history of mining in Cornwall. He was a member of the Royal Archæological Institute from its foundation, and took an active part at its annual meetings. From November 1861 to November 1863, and from that date in 1865 to November 1867, he presided over the Royal Institution of Cornwall. During the first of these periods, when the Cambrian Archæological Society paid a visit to Truro in 1862 he presided over the congress. He died at 18 Thurloe Square, South Kensington, on 4 March 1875, and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. He married at Kensington, on 11 September 1838, Harriet Amelia, youngest daughter of Thomas Neill of Turnham Green. She died at Truro on 23 February 1863.

Works
Apart from many papers read before the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Smirke was author of:
Wallace, a poem, 1815.
Report of Cases, 1670–1704, by R. Freeman, 2nd ed. 1826.
Digest of the Law of Evidence on the Trial of Actions at Nisi Prius, by Henry Roscoe. 5th ed., with considerable additions by C. Crompton and E. Smirke, 1839; subsequent editions down to the tenth in 1861 were ‘revised and enlarged’ by him.
Case of Vice against Thomas, with an Appendix of Records and Documents on the early History of the Tin Mines in Cornwall, 1843.
A Letter to Lord Campbell on the Rating of Railways, 1851.
Procedure in the Court of the Vice-warden of the Stannaries, 1856; other volumes of rules and orders were published by him in 1862, 1863, and 1870.

Sources

Attribution

External links

1795 births
1875 deaths
People from Marylebone
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Members of the Middle Temple
English antiquarians
Historians of Cornwall
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Committee members of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge


The 1974 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventh edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 13 to 27 October 1974 in Mexico.

Teams

  (withdraw)

Squads

Venues

Source:

Format
The tournament was played in three different stages (first, second and final rounds). In the , the 24 participants were divided in six groups (A to F, five groups of four teams and one group of three teams). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.

In the , six new groups were created, three groups of four teams playing for 1st-12th (G, H and I) and three groups (two of four teams and one of three teams) playing for 13th-24th (L, M and N), teams were allocated to a group according to their  group position (best two teams of each group going to 1st-12th groups and the remaining teams to 13th-24th groups). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.

In the , four groups were created (1st-6th, 7th-12th, 13th-18th and 19th-24th), teams were allocated to a group according to their  group position (groups G, H, and I best two teams to 1st-6th and bottom two teams to 7st-12th, while groups L, M and N best two teams to 13th-18th and bottom teams to 19th-24th). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the final standings.

Pools composition

Results

First round

Pool A
Location: Guadalajara

Pool B
Location: Mexico City

Pool C
Location: Monterrey

Pool D
Location: Tijuana

Pool E
Location: Puebla City

Pool F
Location: Toluca de Lerdo

Second round

1st–12th pools

Pool G
Location: Guadalajara

Pool H
Location: Monterrey

Pool I
Location: Tijuana

13th–24th pools

Pool L
Location: Mexico City

Pool M
Location: Puebla City

Pool N
Location: Toluca de Lerdo

Final round

19th–24th places
Location: Mexico City

13th–18th places
Location: Puebla City

7th–12th places
Location: Monterrey

Final places
Location: Guadalajara

Final standing

References

External links
 FIVB Results
 Results - todor66
 Results
 Federation Internationale de Volleyball

FIVB Women's World Championship
International volleyball competitions hosted by Mexico
1974
1974 in Mexican women's sports
Sport in Guadalajara, Jalisco
October 1974 sports events in North America
October 1974 events in Mexico
Women's volleyball in Mexico


HMS Norwich was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Deptford on 24 August 1693.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Chatham Dockyard, relaunching on 20 May 1718. In 1744 she was reduced to a fifth rate and renamed HMS Enterprise.

Engagements
HMS Norwich took part in the destruction of the fortress of San Lorenzo el Real Chagres (22-24 March 1740), in Panama, as part of a squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

At 3 pm on 22 March 1740, the English squadron, composed of the ships Strafford, Norwich, Falmouth and Princess Louisa, the frigate , the bomb vessels ,  and , the fireships  and , and transports Goodly and Pompey, under Vernon's command, began to bombard the Spanish fortress. Given the overwhelming superiority of the English forces, Captain Don Juan Carlos Gutiérrez Cevallos surrendered the fort on 24 March, after resisting for two days. In 1743 as part of a squadron commanded by Commodore Charles Knowles participated in the failed attacks to La Guayra and Puerto Cabello.

In the 1744 she was renamed as HMS Enterprise and patrolled the Caribbean until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1748, when she was laid up in ordinary.

Enterprise was recommissioned in 1756 at the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, again for service in the West Indies and North America and resumed her duties as Atlantic convoy escort.  In 1762 she was present at the siege and capture of Havana, Cuba, an action involving nearly 60 warships and transports enough for more than 16,000 troops.

Enterprise was decommissioned in January 1764 and was broken up in 1771 at Sheerness.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


The Dixon–Yates contract was a 1954 contract between the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and two private energy companies, Middle South Utilities and the Southern Company, to supply 600,000 kilowatts of power to the AEC for their Tennessee plant. The power would replace power from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which could be used instead for the growing power demand of the city of Memphis. The TVA had asked for federal funds to build additional generating capacity for Memphis, but President Dwight D. Eisenhower opposed using taxes to provide tax-free low-interest financing to benefit one metropolitan area.

The contract, actually with the Mississippi Valley Generating Company to build a coal plant, was named after its two signatories: Edgar Dixon, the President of Middle South Utilities, and Eugene Yates the chairman of the Board of the Southern. Kenneth Nichols, the AEC general manager, told AEC Chairman Lewis Strauss that replacing TVA power that the TVA was contracted to supply would cost an extra $4 million to $6 million a year and would have preferred that the TVA procured the power directly. However, Strauss and Eisenhower favoured the proposal, which was approved by the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE) when it was still controlled by Republicans.

However, in the 1954 Congressional elections, the Democrats, who had made an issue of Dixon–Yates, won control of the House and Senate and in 1955 they gained chairmanship and majority control of the JCAE. The new chairman, Senator Clinton Anderson, reopened the Dixon–Yates hearings to force the AEC to cancel the contract. Most of the issues between the TVA and the AEC were resolved while Nichols was general manager, but under a plan developed by Walter von Tresckow, a New York financial consultant, eventually the city of Memphis came up with an alternative solution to its power needs and the contract was cancelled. Dixon–Yates claimed damages, but lost because of a conflict of interest involving a Bureau of the Budget consultant. Nichols said that "The AEC was absolved of any involvement in the conflict of interest. Thus ended a time-consuming political fiasco."

References

1954 in the United States
1955 in the United States
20th-century scandals
Entergy
Political scandals in the United States
Southern Company
United States Atomic Energy Commission


Juan de Prado Malleza Portocarrero y Luna (1716 – c. 1770) was  a Spanish colonial governor of Cuba between 1761 and 1762, when he lost Havana in the Siege of Havana.

Biography
Born at León, Spain, he was the second son of the 2nd Marquess of Prado and Acapulco and 5th Count of Óbedos, and had a career in the Army, where he became mariscal de campo.

In mid-1760, Juan de Prado was named Governor and Captain General of the Island of Cuba by  King Charles III of Spain but did not take possession of his office until February, 1761. He was ordered to strengthen the island's fortresses against an expected offensive by the British, as Spain had entered the Seven Years' War that year on the side of France.

On February 7, 1761, the first works to fortify the heights of La Cabaña, overlooking the bay, and the main fortress el Morro, were begun. That same year, the city was hit by an epidemic of yellow fever that caused numerous victims among the urban population. The work force was so decimated that work on the fortifications was practically paralyzed.

On June 6, 1762, a powerful British expeditionary force under George Keppel began the siege of Havana. Juan de Prado took command of the defense, but the city was eventually captured on the 13th of August.

Juan de Prado and the surviving Spanish soldiers were transported back to Spain. Upon his arrival, the Spanish government tried him via a court-martial. He was convicted of incompetence and a lack of energy in the defence of Havana, and was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to ten years' imprisonment. He died in prison at Vitigudino.

1716 births
1770s deaths
Governors of Cuba
Spanish generals
People who were court-martialed
Spanish people who died in prison custody
Spanish prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Spain
Prisoners who died in Spanish detention
People from León, Spain
Spanish colonial period of Cuba
Spanish West Indies
18th-century Cuban people


Moez Masoud () is an Egyptian scholar, public intellectual and international producer who focuses on the fields of existential questions, challenges to global co-existence, and identity in the modern world.

In November 2011, he was described by The Economist as one of the world's five most influential public presenters of the Islamic tradition. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought and a research affiliate with  non  collegiate  studies at the University of Cambridge, from where he .

Personal life

In 2018, Masoud married Egyptian actress Shery Adel, who starred in Masoud's 2018 Ramadan television series al-Seham al-Mareqa (The Rogue Arrows). The couple divorced amicably a year later, appearing together on the red carpet of the El Gouna Film Festival in 2019. In October 2020, it was announced that Masoud was engaged to actress Hala Shiha. The couple married in a ceremony held at a Cairo hotel on 8 February 2021.

Education and academic background

Masoud holds an MPhil in Psychology and Religion from the University of Cambridge where he currently is finalizing his PhD in Philosophy of Science. He is also a graduate of the American University in Cairo and has studied Islamic Theology  under the tutelage of numerous prominent scholars for over ten years. His studies have taken him to many cities in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries in search of all authentic sources that convey the inner, esoteric spirit of Islam as well as the orthodox understanding of its Sacred law. Masoud also holds a non collegiate  degree from the Cambridge, and . Masoud is also known as M. W. Zackie (his initials and middle name) in some academic publications and productions.

Masoud is known by his peers as a Hafiz of the Qur'an (one who has memorized the entire Qur'an). During his university years, Masoud began to become popular as a discussion group leader.  This led to his first TV show; the English language Parables in the Qur'an which garnered wide global viewership, including significant audiences in North America, Europe, Malaysia and Australia. His episodes were seen as encouraging Muslims to live a fruitful and successful contemporary life while embodying their religion's core spiritual teachings, properly understood. Various sequels were produced after that.

Global influence

Masoud is featured as the 31st most influential Muslim in the world by "The Muslim 500". Masoud was also named "Egypt's most influential religious figure of the year" in 2008, and was featured in Georgetown University's "The 500 Most Influential Muslims of 2009," published by the Georgetown Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding. After the Egyptian revolution, Masoud participated in the first post-revolution Egyptian National Dialogue (see below) and has since become a key player in the social, political and economic reformation of Egypt.

Acamedia Global

Masoud founded the 'al-Tareeq al-Sahh' (The Enlightened Path) Institute in 2007 which later merged into Acamedia Global in 2011, as a non-profit foundation established for the purpose of advancing knowledge through the various communication media available today. Acamedia also has a production and publishing subsidiary (Acamedia Pictures and Acamedia Publishing), which collectively aims to "[bring] together the most compelling discourses of contemporary ideas and the timeless wisdom of sacred knowledge...in the fields of media production and broadcasting, publications, and other educational innitiatives." Acamedia is headquartered in Dubai with Research & Development and Production bases in both the UK and Egypt.

Acamedia Pictures has emerged as a regional leader in film and TV production and has produced both series of "Khutuwat Al-Shaytan", "A Revolution Within", "Journey to Certitude",  as well as "Clash" and "Brotherhood" films.

Academic publications

Masoud's work has been featured in a number of international academic publications.

Publications by Masoud

Moez Masoud has written various dissertations and essays on religious identity and the interface between different strands of Abrahamic theology and cosmology, biology and neuroscience. His current research at the University of Cambridge focuses on the interface between evolutionary science in its various historical forms and both classical Islamic theology and philosophy.

In 2013 Masoud wrote "An Analysis of Abu Mus'ab al-Suri's "Call to Global Islamic Resistance" which was published in the Journal of Strategic Security in Spring 2013.

Masoud was a contributor to the 'On Faith' online forum, hosted by The Washington Post and Newsweek in discussions centered around faith and religion.

Publications about Masoud

Journals

Masoud and his work have been referenced in numerous academic and scholarly works including journals such as, Arab Media & Society, Media, Culture & Society, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Critical Discourse Studies, People, Place and Region, Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, Nations and Nationalism, Arts & Culture, International Journal of Instruction, Journal of Islamic Studies, Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook  and the United States Institute of Peace.

Books

Masoud has also been cited in various books including, "The Challenge of Political Islam" by Rachel M. Scott, "Global and Local Televangelism" ed. P. N. Thomas & P. Lee, "Igniting Thought, Unleashing Youth" ed. M. Nawab & F. Ali, "Maqasid al-Shari'a and Contemporary Reformist Muslim Thought: An Examination" ed. A. Duderija, "Revolutionary Egypt" ed. R. Abou-El-Fadl, "Modest Fashion" ed. R. Lewis, "Consumption and Spirituality" ed. D. Rinallo, L. Scott & P. Maclaran and "Politics of Modern Muslim Subjectivities" ed. D. Jung, M. J. Peterson & S. L. Sparre.

Media and television

Masoud's media work has included directing, composing, singing, writing and producing songs, documentaries, TV series and films. His efforts have attracted much critical acclaim and have contributed to an expansion of dialogue between activists in the Arab world regarding the various critical issues, including the need for formal religious discourse in the Arab region to encompass and attend to nuanced issues presented by the modern world.

In 2007 Masoud launched his first Arabic television show "Al-Tareeq Al-Sahh" which was a pioneering and hugely successful series across the Middle East. The show was hosted by Masoud and was the first ever show on religion in the Arab world to be entirely filmed on location and on the streets. The series addressed poignant and largely taboo issues facing the Muslim world, including drugs, alcohol, gender relations, homosexuality and the roots of terrorism.

A Revolution Within

Masoud's 2011 television series was called "Thawra 'ala Al-Nafs" (A Revolution Within), and aired on Egyptian state television for the first time (Masoud - like various influential figures - was banned from appearing on official state TV during Mubarak's reign). It also aired on CBC, a post-revolution popular Egyptian satellite channel, and as a radio segment on Nogoum FM, Cairo's no. 1 radio station, making it accessible to millions of viewers and listeners across the country. Both the TV and radio versions of 'A Revolution Within' continue to receive much critical acclaim. Masoud went on to make a sequel of that show the following year titled "Rihlat al Yaqeen" (The Journey to Certitude).

Khutuwat al-Shaytan

Starting July 10, 2013, Masoud released his latest show throughout Ramadan. The show was named "Khutuwat Al-Shaytan" (Satan's steps), which was predicted to be an exceptional success and therefore was requested by many channels to broadcast. The rights went to five channels such as Abu Dhabi Al Oula, Al Emirat, CBC, CBC+2, alongside the broadcast on Nogoum FM, considered the most popular station in Egyptian radio. "Khutuwat Al-Shaytan" was ranked as one of the top 10 most viewed series in Ramadan that year. Masoud also aired a sequel of "Khutuwat Al-Shaytan" in Ramadan 2014 which was also popularly received and aired on MBC 1.

Music

Masoud has produced, composed and co-written many 'hit' songs in the last decade, including most recently in 2016, the single "Ya Rehla" featuring Amir Eid. Masoud's previous songs have included the extremely popular "Tetgawezeeni", performed by Hani Adel, "Al-Tareeq Al-Sahh", performed by Mahmoud El Esseily as well as publicly composing and performing his own personal rendition of "Qad Kafani", a famous poem written by Imam al Haddad.

Films

Clash (Eshtebak) at Cannes Film Festival

Masoud produced, alongside Mohamed Hefzy and Eric Lagesse, the Egyptian film "Clash" which was the opening film in the official selection of the Un Certain Regard category at the 69th Cannes Film Festival in 2016. The film is set in a police truck and features a group of demonstrators from across the divisions of Egyptian society forced together during the violent protests in Cairo in June 2013. The film was hailed as "one of the most telling depictions of modern Egypt yet filmed", and was produced by EMC Pictures, a sister company of Acamedia Pictures (see above). On August 31, 2016, Egypt officially selected Acamedia's film "Clash" to represent it in the Oscars' 2017 Best Foreign Language Film race.

Brotherhood

Masoud also produced the film "Brotherhood" based on the storyline of the series "Khutuwat Al-Shaytan 2". The story is set in post-revolution Cairo where Malik, embroiled in an outlawed religious organization, falls in love with Nada who recently joined his work. However, he soon discovers that her brother and father are police members of the Ministry of the Interior, and whilst Malik increasingly feels uneasy with the organisation he is conflicted about leaving. When Nada's father, General Ibrahim, is killed, Malik is accused and violent conflict ensues between Malik and Nada's brother, Major Ramez.

Hello Brother

In May 2019, Variety reported Masous was developing a movie called Hello Brother based on the Christchurch mosque shootings that had occurred on 15 March 2019. His proposed film project was criticised by the Muslim Association of Canterbury, Al Noor Masjid, and New Zealand filmmaker Jason Lei Howken for exploiting the mass shootings and failing to consult the Christchurch Muslim community. In August 2021,  The New Zealand Herald reported that the film was on hold.

International events
Masoud is regularly invited to give lectures and lead workshops and his travels have taken him from all over the United States, Canada and Europe to Malaysia and Australia,  attracting substantial coverage by both Western and Arab media. At The Search for Mutual Understanding (an inter-faith conference held in Abu Dhabi in 2006) he gave a speech titled "Islam in the Modern World". It has been viewed on YouTube over 2 million times. Some other events from recent years include:

UN speeches

Masoud spoke at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Dialogue in Geneva, December 2015, representing the Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge. He addressed the current situation of refugees, focusing on root causes of ideological-based conflict based on his widely circulated academic journal article, "An Analysis of Abu Mus'ab al-Suri's "Call to Global Islamic Resistance", and offered insights into what the global community could do to help.

In December 2016 Masoud gave the keynote address at the annual United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Dialogue (UNHCR) in Geneva. He highlighted the importance of youth and children and the specific issues they face, particularly refugees, and proposed various radical solutions to engage and deal with these challenges.

Council of Europe

Masoud also attended the Council of Europe's first World Forum for Democracy, and spoke at its key event, alongside Nobel Laureates and other personalities. His speech addressed various issues regarding the role of the media in a globalised context.

World Economic Forum

Masoud participated in the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting of 2012 in Davos, Switzerland. He shared panels with many of the world's leading scientists, religious leaders, philanthropists and youth activists, among others. Masoud's message was primarily a philosophical and psychological analysis of the challenges that he believed the Arab world would inevitably face in the few years that would follow the "Arab Spring", including issues of identity for Arabs and an overview of the requirements for renewal within the contemporary Islamic paradigm.

Egyptian National Dialogue

Masoud participated in the post-Tahrir Egyptian National Dialogue alongside a group of the nation's leading figures in various disciplines. His nationally televised speech addressed the need to attend to root causes of ideologically based conflict, and issues of national identity.

Global media coverage

Masoud and his work regularly attract substantial coverage from local news outlets across the Arab world. His work is also regularly covered by international media including the BBC,The Globe and Mail, The Telegraph, The Washington Post, The Economist, The Wilson Center, The Huffington Post, The New York Times, Reuters, The Christian Science Monitor, PBS, and Al Jazeera amongst others.

Open letter to Baghdadi

In September 2014, Masoud, alongside other Muslim scholars, was one of the initial 100 signatories of the Letter to Baghdadi. The letter, that Masoud assisted with writing, constituted a theological refutation of the ideology and practises of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant according to traditional Islamic scholars and texts. The letter was covered by international media, and has since been signed by hundreds of Muslim scholars and community members and still continues to be endorsed.

Social media

Moez Masoud is active on various social media networks, including Facebook and Twitter, where he has over twelve million followers online.

References

External links
 Official website:
 Official YouTube Channel:

1978 births
Living people
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Islamic television preachers
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian scholars


Peter Friedman (born April 24, 1949) is an American stage, film, and television actor. He made his Broadway debut in the Eugene O'Neill play The Great God Brown in 1972. His other Broadway credits include roles in The Rules of the Game (1974), Piaf (1981), The Heidi Chronicles (1989), and Twelve Angry Men (2004). He earned a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical nomination for his role as Tateh in Ragtime (1998).

Friedman gained prominence for his role as Frank Vernon in the HBO drama series Succession (2018–2023) for which he won a Screen Actors Guild Award. His other television credits include The Affair (2015), The Path (2016–2018), and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (2023). He is also known for his film roles in Safe (1995), The Savages (2007), I'm Not There (2007), Synecdoche, New York (2008), Side Effects (2013), and She Said (2022).

Early life and education
Born in New York City on April 24, 1949. Friedman graduated from Hofstra University. Friedman is Jewish.

Career

1980–1994: Broadway debut and early roles
Friedman has appeared in thirteen Broadway productions, starting in 1972 with The Great God Brown. He appeared in a Broadway revival of The Visit in 1973, as the Carpenter. He appeared in Piaf in 1981 on Broadway, and A Soldier's Play Off-Broadway, also in 1981. He played the role of Humphrey Taylor in the Off-Broadway production of The Common Pursuit, from October 1986 to August 1987, receiving a nomination for the Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play. In his review for The New York Times, Frank Rich commented "The always impressive Mr. Friedman, as the embittered Wagnerian...allow us to empathize with characters who might otherwise be merely obnoxious or colorless."

He appeared in both the Off-Broadway and Broadway productions of The Heidi Chronicles in 1988 and 1989 in the role of Scoop Rosenbaum. He received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play for The Heidi Chronicles. He appeared Off-Broadway in the Manhattan Theatre Club production of the Donald Margulies play The Loman Family Picnic, from October 1993 to January 1994. The Best Plays of 1993-1994 commented "...Friedman inverting his usual dynamism to play the beleaguered father..."

Early in his career he performed in several episodes of The Muppet Show in its first and third seasons, and spent a brief time on Sesame Street. On television, Friedman starred as George Silver in Brooklyn Bridge (1991–1993) and has made numerous guest appearances in such series as Miami Vice, NYPD Blue, Without a Trace, and Ghost Whisperer. Friedman's many feature film credits include Prince of the City (1981), Daniel (1983), The Seventh Sign (1988), Single White Female (1992), and Blink (1993).

1995–2015: Character actor
In 1995 Friedman earned a prominent role in the Todd Haynes drama film Safe starring Julianne Moore. The All Movie Guide reviewer wrote, "Avid filmgoers and adherents to the indie film movement that swept through America in the early to mid-'90s will invariably remember Peter Friedman as the sneaky, underhanded, New Age-espousing "self-help guru" who supposedly attempts to offer ailing Julianne Moore a hand up -- but only succeeds in draining her wallet -- in Todd Haynes' harrowing drama Safe (1995). In truth, that role represented just one of many memorable cinematic contributions for the prolific, highly versatile character actor, whose resumé reads like a best-of list of both independent film and Hollywood product." He also acted in I'm Not Rappaport (1996), I Shot Andy Warhol (1996), Paycheck (2003), Freedomland (2006), The Savages (2007), I'm Not There (2007), and Breaking Upwards (2009).

He played the role of Jewish immigrant "Tateh" in the musical Ragtime in the pre-Broadway tryout (1996) and on Broadway (1998). He was nominated for the 1998 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical  for his role in Ragtime. He acted in the miniseries Perfect Murder, Perfect Town: JonBenét and the City of Boulder. He appeared in a Law & Order episode titled "Attorney Client" as defense lawyer Harold Jensen, broadcast on May 8, 2002. He appeared on Broadway in the Roundabout Theatre Company production of Twelve Angry Men from October 2004 to March 2005. For his role as "Frank" in Body Awareness, which ran Off-Broadway in 2008, Friedman received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play.

From October to November 2009, Friedman played James, the husband of the teacher of a community acting class in Annie Baker's play Circle Mirror Transformation in the Peter J. Sharp Theater at Playwrights Horizons. The show also featured Heidi Schreck, Reed Birney, Diedre O'Connell, and Tracee Chimo and was directed by Sam Gold. The cast received a 2010 Drama Desk Award for Best Ensemble Performance. Friedman appeared in the Williamstown Theatre Festival production of Amy Herzog's After the Revolution in July and August 2010 as "Ben", and reprised his role in the Off-Broadway production at Playwrights Horizons from October to November 2010. The New York Times reviewer wrote: "Mr. Friedman burrows deeply into Ben's anguish at being cut off by the daughter he raised to carry on the family tradition, the wound smarting all the more because he knows his own mistakes have caused the fissure."

He played the role of "Doug" in the Off-Broadway play The Great God Pan from December 2012 to January 2013, and received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play. The New York Times reviewer commented: "The recollections of his parents, small roles incisively portrayed by the reliable Becky Ann Baker and Peter Friedman..." From August 2013 to September 2013 he played the role of "Meckel" in the Off-Broadway production (and New York premiere) of Lauren Yee's The Hatmaker's Wife. Ben Brantley, in his review for The New York Times wrote: "Mr. Friedman brings unblushing good will and vivacity to assignments that include walking around with a clothespin on his nose..." He appeared Off-Broadway in the musical Fly By Night as "Mr McClam" from May to June 2014.

2016–present: Succession and acclaim
Friedman took roles in The Affair and Damages. He portrayed Hank Armstrong in the Hulu series The Path from 2016 to 2018 and he acted as Jim in the HBO series High Maintenance also from 2016 to 2018. In 2017 he portrayed Polonius in the Public Theatre's production of Hamlet starring Oscar Isaac and Keegan-Michael Key. That same year he appeared Off-Broadway in the world premiere of The Treasurer at Playwrights Horizons as The Son, for which he was nominated for a 2018 Lucille Lortel Award for Best Actor.

From 2018 to 2023, he played Frank Vernon, long-time confidant of Logan Roy and vice-chairman of Waystar Royco in the series Succession. He won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series along with the cast in 2022. In 2022 he played Lanny Davis in the #MeToo Movement drama She Said (2022) for which he received favorable notices with Jocelyn Noveck of The Associated Press describing him as "excellent".
On March 27, 2023, Friedman reprised his role of "Tateh" in a sold-out 25th Anniversary performance of Ragtime at the Minskoff Theater to benefit the Entertainment Community Fund. In 2023 he took a recurring role as George in the final season of the Amazon Prime Video comedy series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.

In 2023 he portrayed a therapist in the Max Wolf Friedlich play Job. Friedman acted opposite Sydney Lemmon at the Soho Playhouse in New York City. Sara Holden of Vulture praised Friedman writing, "Friedman is especially delightful to watch because he just seems so damn effortless... has a natural ease and appeal, a sense that he’s never pushing too hard".
Juan A. Ramirez of The New York Times wrote of Friedman's performance, "[He] imbues Loyd’s counterarguments with a genuine passion".

Personal life
In 1990, Friedman married Joan Allen. Though they divorced in 2002, they chose to live close to one another in order to share time with their daughter, Sadie (born February 1994).

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Peter Friedman at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

1949 births
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Jewish American male actors
Muppet performers
Hofstra University alumni
Male actors from New York City
Living people
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American male actors


Chiquibul National Park is Belize's largest national park. It is  in size. The park is located in Belize's Cayo District. The national park surrounds Caracol, a Mayan city. Caracol has been designated as an archaeological reserve and is not included within the park's total area. Chiquibul Forest Reserve is adjacent to the park.

Establishment of the park
Chiquibul National Park was originally part of Chiquibul Forest Reserve, which was designated in 1956. In 1991, due to lobbying from conservationists, the three-quarters of the forest reserve that did not have active logging concessions was re-designated as a national park under Belize's National Parks System Act. The park's borders were re-defined in 1995. Caracol became surrounded by the national park.

Geology and geography
The western side of the park lies along Belize's border with Guatemala. The park lies west of the Maya Mountains. The park's landscape includes south Vaca Plateau and eastern slopes of the Maya Mountains. Doyle's Delight, the highest mountain in Belize, is located in the park. The park is located on a layer of limestone strata, the largest area of protected karst in Belize. The park incorporates portions of the Chiquibul Cave System, the longest known cave system in Central America. The cave system is made up of caves linked by water flows, including the Chiquibul River. The Chiquibul River flows through Belize, goes underground into the cave system, and resurfaces in Guatemala. The cave system includes the largest known underground passages and cave chamber discovered in the Western Hemisphere.

Flora and fauna
The forest has been mostly unbroken since the Maya left it centuries ago. The park has high biodiversity. Species found in the park include keel-billed motmots, kinkajous, jaguars, jaguarundis, king vultures, margays, ocelots, ocellated turkeys, Yucatan spider monkeys, and Baird's tapirs. It has Belize's largest breeding population of scarlet macaws. New insect and crustacean species have been discovered in the park. The biological diversity of the park has not yet been fully explored. In 1993, a botanist from Missouri Botanical Garden collected more than 130 plant species previously unreported in Belize. Three of these species had never before been reported in Central America.

References

External links
Chiquibul National Park, Biodiversity & Environmental Resource Data System of Belize.
Inside Chiquibul: Photographing Central America's Longest Cave, National Geographic.
Expedition to Doyle's Delight, Biological-Diversity.info.

National parks of Belize
Protected areas established in 1995


The Diocese of Ibiza () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Ibiza in the Ecclesiastical province of Valencia in Spain.

History
 30 April 1782: Established as Diocese of Ibiza from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tarragona
 1851: Suppressed to the Diocese of Majorca
 1927: Restored as Apostolic Administration of Ibiza from the Diocese of Majorca
 1949: Promoted as Diocese of Ibiza

Leadership
 Bishops of Ibiza (Roman rite)
 Manuel Abad y Lasierra (18 Jul 1783 – 28 Sep 1787 )
 Eustaquio Azara, O.S.B. (7 Apr 1788 – 12 Sep 1794 )
 Blas Jacobo Beltrán (26 Jun 1805 – 10 Jul 1815 )
 Felipe González Abarca, O. de M. (22 Jul 1816 – 30 Aug 1829 )
 Basilio Antonio Carrasco Hernando, O. de M. (26 Mar 1831 – 4 Apr 1852 )
 Salvio Huix Miralpeix, titular bishop of Selymbria and Apostolic administrator (16 Feb 1928 - 28 January 1935), afterwards Bishop of Lerida
 Antonio Cardona Riera, Apostolic administrator (21 Jun 1935 - 2 Feb 1950), subsequently Bishop (2 Feb 1950 – 28 Mar 1960 )
 Francisco Planas Muntaner (28 Mar 1960 – 10 Sep 1976 )
 José Gea Escolano (10 Sep 1976 – 15 May 1987 )
 Manuel Ureña Pastor (8 Jul 1988 – 23 Jul 1991 )
 Javier Salinas Viñals (26 May 1992 – 5 Sep 1997 )
 Agustín Cortés Soriano (20 Feb 1998 – 15 Jun 2004)
 Vicente Juan Segura (22 Jan 2005 – 18 Jan 2020 Appointed, Auxiliary Bishop of Valencia)
 Vicente Ribas Prats (13 Oct 2021 – present)

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Spain

References

Sources
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Christian organizations established in 1927
Ibiza
Religious organizations established in 1782
1782 establishments in Spain


Rabindra Coomaraswamy (29 December 1930 – 22 March 2000), popularly known by his stage name Robin Tampoe, was a film maker of Sri Lankan cinema. One of the earliest pillars in Sinhala cinema, Tampoe hailed from the Sri Lankan Tamil community but most of his movies were made in the Sinhala language. He was the son of another pioneering filmmaker, W.M.S Tampoe.

Personal life
Tampoe was born on 29 December 1930 in Jaffna to a family of lawyers. The baby was named Rabindra in memory of renowned Indian dramatist Rabindranath Tagore's visit to Ceylon. His great grandfather Tamodan Pillai McQueen Tampoe was a retired magistrate and judge. Robin's grand father Gurusami Thananiel Hunt Tampoe was a lawyer in the District Court. Robin's father William McGowan Sellasamy was a lawyer, film producer and a director. William was known in Sinhala cinema as the W.M.S Tampoe or 'Pappa Tampoe'.

Robin was first educated at Jaffna Central College, Jaffna. Then he went to India and studied at the Madras Christian College. After his return, he attended the Sri Lanka Law College.

In 1960 he married an ethnic Sinhalese, Rita Carmelyn Fernando, from Ja-Ela whom he had met during his law college days. They had six children, born between 1961 and 1969: four daughters, Vilasnee, Thiranee, Dulanee, and Yuanee and two sons Sanjeeva and Robin. Their eldest daughter Vilasnee Tampoe-Hautin is Full Professor at the University of La Réunion. Vilasnee Tampoe authored the biography of Robin Tampoe in 2008: Sanjeeva manages his father's business in the name of R.T film studios in Colombo Sri Lanka having its offices in Chennai India and Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. He is also involved in importing foreign language films for television, dubbing television programs and children's movies for Sri Lankan television stations, with his own recording and dubbing studios. He is also a registered sound engineer under the National Film Corporation of Sri Lanka. Rita died on July 16, 2018, whereas Robin Tampoe died on March 22, 2000, at the age of 69.

Cinema career
Robin started his film career at the age of 25 years under the guidance of his father W.M.S Tampoe. He generated his own interest in cinema after observing his father who directed the early Sinhala films including Sepali, Samiya Birindage Deviyaya, Landaka Mahima, and Waradata Danduwam. In India, his father was known as 'Ceylon Thambi' where he produced six Tamil films in India in 1942. He also engaged in an import-export film trade with South Indian film distributors, notably the renowned director and studio owner T. R. Sundaram of Modern Studios, Salem (near Madras). In 1958, he joined his father in Madras and co- directed and produced Sepali which was shot entirely in India.

Meanwhile, William and Robin laid a foundation in regional film cooperation between Ceylon and India. Under the supervision of Tampoe, Sinhala films were shot and produced in Gemini and Golden Studios, Madras. The 1960s, he visited a number of North Indian studios, including the Bombay Talkies to produce Sinhala films. Before becoming a producer, Robin used the existing companies in Ceylon to distribute his films beginning with K. Gunaratnam, who had entered the film industry as W. M. S. Tampoe's assistant. His early films were also produced by C .A. Gardiner's Ceylon Theatres with the Indian technical crew. In 1961, he directed the film Suvineetha Lalani which recorded 14 songs. At the first Sarasaviya Film Festival held in 1964, the film came in fifth with 24,712 votes. In the film, he introduced the actress Shyama Anandan to cinema with the film Suvineetha Lalani who acted as a three-month-old baby as well as Wijeratne Warakagoda was introduced as a lawyer. Piyadasa Wijekoon, who had played minor roles in two previous films, became a stuntman through the film.

Between 1956 and 1974, his films were shot exclusively in the Sinhala language. When the 1961 ban was imposed on Ceylonese directors, prohibiting the shooting of Sinhala films in South India, he began making films in Sri Lankan soil. During this period, he used only ethnic Sinhala crew and refrain from dubbing and sub-titling Sinhala films into foreign languages. Then, he travelled to Japan NHK through Hong Kong and Singapore in 1963, to purchase cameras, projectors and other equipment. After return to Sri Lanka, he constructed R. T. Studios, at Wellampitiya which was completed in 1964 becoming fourth shooting site in Sri Lanka (the other were: Ceylon Studios, Vijaya Studios and Navajeevana). In the adjacent area, he built a cinema which he named after his daughter, Vilasnee.

His studio became a training ground for several local actors, actresses, music directors, cameramen and technical assistants. In 1963, he directed the film Sudu Sande Kalu Vala where it became the first film to feature five musicians: Premasiri Khemadasa, M. K. Rocksamy, Alfred Perera, Latif, Mohamed Sally and Stanley de Alwis. In 1964, he released the blockbuster film Sudo Sudu which made the entry of renowned music director, Somadasa Elvitigala. Robin also introduced the cameraman Timothy Weeraratne and renowned actresses Suvineetha Weerasinghe and Nita Fernando to Sinhala cinema. Popular singer H. R. Jothipala acted as a charismatic actor in the film for the first time. He later contributed to the organization of the first festival of Sinhala films at the Shanthi cinema in Jaffna.

Directed filmography

References

1930 births
2000 deaths
Alumni of Jaffna Central College
People from Jaffna
Sri Lankan Tamil people
Sri Lankan film directors


Zhang Yingying (; born January 4, 1990, in Hailar District, Inner Mongolia) is a Chinese long-distance runner. At only 18 years she already qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics to represent China at the 5000 metres, 10,000 metres and the marathon.

Her first breakthrough race came at the age of seventeen when she ran at the Beijing Marathon and took second place with a time of 2:27:20 hours. The following year she won the Xiamen Marathon with a world junior best time of 2:22:38 hours. She was chosen to run both the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 2008 Beijing Olympics – she failed to make the final in the 5000 m but finished 16th in the 10,000 m. At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics she was 18th in the 10,000 m, and her career came to an abrupt stop.

She revived her running in 2013 by winning the Beijing Marathon in a time of 2:31:19 hours in her first outing since 2009.

Career highlights
Marathons
2007 - Xiamen, 4th, Xiamen Marathon
2007 - Beijing, 2nd, Beijing Marathon
2008 - Xiamen, 1st, Xiamen Marathon

City Games
2007 - Wuhan, 3rd, 5000 m
2007 - Wuhan, 1st, 10,000 m

Other achievements
2007 - 31:17.30, 4th best time of the year, 10,000 m
2009 - Yangzhou, 1st, Yangzhou Jianzhen International Half Marathon

Personal bests

References

External links
 Profile at Marathon Info
 World junior Marathon best by Zhang Yingying in Xiamen

1990 births
Living people
Chinese female long-distance runners
Chinese female marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for China
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
FISU World University Games gold medalists for China
People from Hulunbuir
Runners from Inner Mongolia
Medalists at the 2015 Summer Universiade


Pollard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A–B
 A. J. Pollard (born 1941), English medieval historian
 Al Pollard (1928–2002), American football player
 Albert Pollard, (1869–1948), British historian of Tudor era
 Albert C. Pollard (born 1967), American politician
 Alice Pollard, Solomon Islands activist
 Alfred Oliver Pollard, (1893–1960), British author, awarded Victoria Cross
 Alfred W. Pollard (1859–1944), English Shakespearian scholar and bibliographer
 Amos Pollard (1803–1836), American surgeon at the Battle of the Alamo
 Amy Elizabeth Rosalie Pollard-Imrie (known as Clare Imrie, 1870–1944), Franciscan mother abbess, builder of St Mary of the Angels RC church, Liverpool
 Sir Amyas Pollard, 3rd Baronet (1616–1701), English gentleman and royalist in the English Civil War
 Anastasia Pollard, American-born English painter
 Andrew Pollard (biologist) (born 1965), British vaccinologist
 Andrew Pollard (educator) (born 1949), British academic
 Anthony Pollard (born 1937), British army officer
 Ackquille Jean Pollard (born 1994), American rapper known as Bobby Shmurda
 Art Pollard (1927–1973), American racecar driver
 Asa Pollard (1735–1775), American soldier in the Revolutionary War
 Ash Pollard (born 1986), Australian cook and media personality
 Benjamin Pollard (1890–1967), English Anglican bishop
 Bernard Pollard (born 1984), NFL safety for the Tennessee Titans
 Brandon Pollard (born 1973), American soccer player
 Brian Pollard (born 1954), English footballer
 Bruce Pollard (born 1945), Australian rugby league footballer

C–E
 Calvin Pollard (1797-1850), American architect
 Carl Pollard (born 1947), American linguist
 Catherine Pollard (born 1960), Guyanese diplomat, Under Secretary-General of the United Nations
 Catherine Pollard (Scouting) (1918–2006), American scout master, first female scout master in the BSA
 Charles Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Chris Pollard, American college baseball coach
 Clare Pollard (born 1978), English poet and dramatist
 Claude Pollard (1874–1942), Attorney General of Texas (1927–1929)
 Coral Bernadine Pollard (born c. 1940), Barbadian artist
 Courtland Pollard (1899–1977), American football coach
 Daisi Pollard (born 1980), American model
 Dan Pollard, Canadian broadcaster
 D. T. Pollard (Danny Pollard), American writer
 Daphne Pollard (1891–1978), Australian-born vaudeville performer, later US film actress
 Deana Pollard Sacks (born 1964), American legal educator and writer
 Darryl Pollard (born 1964), American football player
 David Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Derek Pollard (born 1939), British academic and nuclear chemist
 DeRionne P. Pollard, President of Montgomery College since 2010
 Devonta Pollard (born 1994), American professional basketball player
 Dick Pollard (footballer) (1913–1966), Australian rules footballer
Doug Pollard (born 1957), Canadian soccer player
 Ed Pollard (born 1962), Barbadian boxer
 Edward A. Pollard (1832–1872), American author of The Lost Cause and newspaperman with the Richmond Examiner 1832–1872
 Edwin Pollard (born 1942), High Commissioner of Barbados in London (2003–2008)
 Eric Pollard (skier), United States freestyle skier and film editor
 Ernest Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Eve Pollard (born 1945), British journalist

F–J
 Frank Pollard (born 1957), American football player
 Frank Pollard (politician) (1870–1951), Australian politician
 Frederick Pollard (disambiguation), also Fritz Pollard, several people
 Gary Pollard (born 1959), English footballer
 George Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Graham Pollard (1903–1976), English bookseller and bibliophile
 Greg Pollard (born 1960), Australian squash player
 Handré Pollard (born 1994), South African rugby union player playing for the Blue Bulls in the Super Rugby championship
 H. B. Pollard, first postmaster of Ashland, Kentucky
 Harry Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Helen Perlstein Pollard (born 1946), American academic ethnohistorian and archaeologist
 Henry Moses Pollard (1836–1904), American politician
 Hugh Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Ingrid Pollard (born 1953), English artist and photographer
 J. W. H. Pollard (1872–1957), American college sports coach
 Jack Pollard (1926–2002), Australian sports writer and historian of cricket
 James Pollard (1792–1867), British painter
 Jamie Pollard, American athletics director
 Jane Pollard (born 1972), English artist film maker
 Jill Pollard (born 1935), British gymnast
 Jim Pollard (1922–1993), American basketball player
 John Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Jon Pollard (disambiguation), several people
 Jonathan Pollard, US intelligence analyst; Israeli spy
 Josephine Pollard (1834–1892), US hymn writer, author and poet
 Justin Pollard (born 1968), British historian and writer

K–P
 Keith Pollard (born 1950), American comic book artist
 Keith Pollard (rugby league) (born 1946), English rugby league footballer and coach
 Kerry Pollard (born 1944) an English politician
 Kevin Pollard (born 1958), Canadian politician
 Kieron Pollard (born 1987), West Indies cricketer
 Larry Pollard (born 1954), Canadian stock-car racing driver
 Lee Pollard (born 1979), English cricketer
 Leslie Pollard (born 1956), American Seventh-day Adventist minister
 Lewis Pollard (c.1465-1526), English Justice of the Common Pleas and MP
 Lindsey Pollard, Canadian animator
 Luke Pollard (born 1980), British politician
 Marcus Pollard (born 1972), American footballer
 Margaret Steuart Pollard (1904–1996), English scholar of Sanskrit and poet
 Marjorie Pollard (1899–1982), English hockey player
 Mark Pollard (born 1979), Falkland Islands politician
 Martin Pollard (born 1977), English cricketer
 Mary Pollard (1922–2005), English/Irish librarian and specialist in early printed books
 Michael Pollard (cricketer) (born 1989), New Zealand cricketer
 Michael J. Pollard (1939-2019), American actor
 Mother Pollard (c. 1882/1885–before 1963)), American church elder who participated in the 1955–1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott
 Myles Pollard (born 1972), Australian actor
 Nancy Pollard
 Nicholas Pollard Sr. (1924-2003), Belizean politician and trade union leader
 Nick Pollard (born 1950), British journalist
 Nicole Pollard, American fashion stylist
 Odell Pollard (1927–2015), Arkansas politician and attorney
 Pam Pollard, American politician active in Oklahoma
 Paul Pollard (born 1968), English cricketer
 Percy Pollard (1883–1948), Australian politician
 Percy F. Pollard (1892–?), British socialist activist

R–S
 Red Pollard (1909–1981), Canadian jockey, best remembered as the regular rider of Seabiscuit
 Reg Pollard (general) (1903–1978), Australian military officer, Chief of the General Staff from 1960 to 1963
 Reg Pollard (politician) (1894–1981), Australian politician
 Richard Pollard (disambiguation), including Dick Pollard, several people
 Robert Pollard (disambiguation), also for Bob Pollard, several people
 Robin Pollard, New Zealand academic
 Roy Pollard (1927–2012), rugby league footballer for Great Britain, England, and Dewsbury
 Royce Pollard (born 1939), former Mayor of Vancouver, Washington State, USA
 Royce Pollard (American football) (born 1989), American footballer
 Russell Pollard (born 1975), American rock musician
 Sam Pollard (missionary) (1864–1915), Bible Christian Church missionary to China and inventor of the "Pollard script"
 Scot Pollard (born 1975), American basketball player and current NBA TV analyst
 Scott M. Pollard (born 1970), American attorney and Rhode Island politician
 Sean Pollard (born 1991), Australian Paralympian
 Sidney Pollard (1925–1998), British economic and labour historian
 Snub Pollard (1889–1962), Australian-born vaudevillian, American silent film comedian
 Stephen Pollard (born 1964), British journalist, editor of The Jewish Chronicle
 Stephen Pollard (cricketer) (born 1971), English cricketer
 Stu Pollard (born 1967), American film producer, writer and director
 Stuart Pollard, Australian sailor and property developer
 Su Pollard (born 1949), English comedy actress who starred in the BBC TV sitcom Hi-de-Hi!

T–W
 Terry Pollard (1931–2009), American jazz pianist and vibraphone player
 Thomas Pollard (1597–1649×1655), English actor in the King's Men
 Thomas D. Pollard (born 1942), American biologist
 Tiffany Pollard (born 1982), American reality television star
 Tim Pollard (born 1964), English actor
 Timothy Pollard, American basketball player
 Tom Pollard (1857–1922), New Zealand comic opera producer and manager
 Tom Pollard (footballer) (1894–1941), Australian rules footballer
 Tony Pollard (American football) (born 1997), American football player
 Tony Pollard (archaeologist) (born 1965), British battlefield archaeologist and television presenter
 Trent Pollard (born 1972), American footballer
 Vic Pollard (born 1945), English-born cricketer, active in New Zealand
 Walter Pollard (1906–1945), English footballer with Burnley, West Ham, Fulham and Southampton
 William Pollard (Quaker) (1828–1893), British Quaker minister
 William B. Pollard III (born 1947), American military judge
 William G. Pollard (1911–1989), American physicist
 William L. Pollard, American college/university President/Dean of multiple institutions
 William Pollard-Urquhart (1815–1871), American writer on economic and policy issues

Fictional characters
 Cayce Pollard, fictional protagonist of William Gibson's novel Pattern Recognition (2003)
 Charley Pollard, character from the Big Finish Doctor Who releases
 Eric Pollard, character from British soap opera Emmerdale
 Val Pollard, character from Emmerdale, formerly married to Eric
 Vicky Pollard, character from British comedy show Little Britain
 Henry Pollard, character from the American comedy show Party Down

See also
 Pollard (disambiguation)

English-language surnames


The Urshan Library is an academic library that supports the faculty, staff, and students of Urshan Graduate School of Theology and Urshan College.

Collection development began with the acquisition of the personal library of Ernest E. Jolley, a United Pentecostal Church International minister. Rev Jolley's library was donated to Gateway College of Evangelism and consisted of almost ten thousand volumes. This donation was catalogued and shelved in one of the large classrooms. A major shift in the library took place in 2001 when the Urshan Graduate School of Theology began operation. Intentional acquisition of material relevant to curriculum and research of the school's professional staff became a top priority. Over  of floor space was remodeled and designed for library use. The library now consists of approximately 40,000 holdings with 30,000 titles. Future development will broaden to other formats but printed manuscript is the preferred medium for present development.

Major renovations and expansion is scheduled as the collection grows to 60,000 holdings. The library was reviewed by the Association of Theological Schools (ATS) in 2008 for accreditation. The Urshan Library maintains membership in the American Theological Library Association(ATLA), and the Missouri Educational Resources Network (MOREnet).

References

External links
Urshan Graduate School of Theology
Urshan College

University and college academic libraries in the United States
Libraries in Missouri
Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Missouri