The H type carriages are a class of interurban passenger carriage operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. Fitted with high-density 2+3 seating, they are typically used on short distance interurban services from Melbourne to Bacchus Marsh and Geelong.

Overview

By 1983, the 1981 New Deal had been such a success that the incoming Cain Government ordered conversion of a fleet of the early Harris suburban Electric Multiple Units to replace the last of the older wooden carriage stock. The fleet eventually reached 59 carriages of multiple types.

For the purpose of contract negotiations, short cars were referred to as SCH, SH or STH and long as LCH, LH or LTH, respectively for conductor, regular and terminal carriages.

Each carriage has two doors per side, manually opened by passengers, but remotely closed and locked by the train conductor. Toilets, drinking fountains and luggage areas are provided throughout each carriage set.

The carriage sets were originally used for commuter services between Melbourne and a wide range of regional cities. As more long-distance carriages became available, they were reallocated to the shorter runs, typically less than an hour end-to-end. A small number were also used on the Stony Point line.

Coding
H type carriages are numbered in the 101 - 200 series. Sets were issued to traffic with three types of carriage:
BCH economy class with conductors van: 121–131, 132-133 long, 134 and 135 seat 10 more people but have a smaller van area
BH economy class: 141–149, 150-151 were converted to BTH 174–175, 152, 153 long
BTH economy class with terminal connections: 161–171, 172-173 long, 174-175 formerly BH 150, 151
MTH economy class with onboard power alternators: 101-104 short

Additional cars were later constructed to increase capacity. These cars do not feature toilets:
BIH economy class intermediate: 181-194

Carriage sets
Since November 2012, the H type carriages have been fixed into semi-permanent sets, identified with the following codes, in conjunction with a unique number:
SSH: 6 short carriages
SH: 3 short carriages (normally coupled with another 3-carriage set)
LH: 3 long carriages (two LH sets exist - they were created from  long Harris trailers)

Prior to this change, H sets were arranged as follows:
SH: 3 carriages
FSH: because of the F, this means that the sets contains 4 carriages
VSH: the V means that the set contains 5 carriages
VLH: the L meaning long

Sets originally entered service as 3 car sets, later having additional cars added to bring them up to four cars. With the breaking up of some sets and reallocation of carriages, longer carriage sets have since been formed.

MTH (loose) carriages
Originally converted for use as trailer carriages for the Tulloch railmotor fleet, four carriages were reconstructed with a similar internal configuration to the BH type, but with automatic couplers at both ends.

Following withdrawal of the Tulloch fleet around 1994, the four MTH carriages (63 seats each) were used on the non-electrified suburban Stony Point line, hauled by whatever locomotives V/Line (later V/Line Passenger) had spare at the time. Typically, two carriages would be used on weekdays and a third kept at Frankston for additional weekend capacity, with the fourth under routine maintenance in the city. Carriages were rotated weekly, with a locomotive transfer usually on Mondays or Thursdays and carriages swapped as part of that cycle. When V/Line Passenger was formed the company fleet was cut down to the A class, N class, P class and Y class engines; the P and N class with head-end-power were less useful hauling MTH carriages, so the typical Stony Point Line motive power became the A class.

This pattern continued under various private operators until 26 April 2008, after which Sprinter trains were introduced on the route in lieu. The cars were placed into storage at Newport Worksohps until 2011, when MTH 102 was converted to an inspection car for Metro Trains Melbourne. It now operates between two T class locomotives as IEV102 for inspection trains. The other three MTH carriages are stored, along with unused BH141.

History and typical fleet use

From 1983

Cain/Crabb order, 1983
The contract was awarded to Clyde Engineering, and the initial plan was to convert 33 Harris cars to 11 semi-permanently coupled sets of BCH-BH-BTH. Originally there were concepts to pair each of the carriage sets with a permanently coupled locomotive at the West (non-conductor) end, and to fit the East-end BCH carriages with a small driving stand for controlling the P class locomotives; but this fell through on grounds of safety and inability to stop the locomotive powering instantly in case of a collision, which would have caused the carriage set to telescope.

The first four sets of three carriages (sets SH22, 23, 24 and 25) were delivered in the middle of 1984, and deliveries continued at a steady pace through to the end of that year with twelve 3-carriage sets, SH21 to SH31 inclusive and LH32, in service. Set LH33 entered service in February 1986, a full six months after the twelfth set.

The H sets were initially used on commuter runs from Spencer Street to Bacchus Marsh, Kyneton, Sunbury, Seymour and Leongatha and, on Sundays only, a run from Spencer Street to Stony Point, Frankston, Stony Point and back to Spencer Street to provide capacity above that of the normal railmotor. While never intended during the design phase, H sets were rostered on the morning outbound and midday return Shepparton service from Roster H2, dated 9 December 1984. During the long weekend holidays, H sets would occasionally be extended from Shepparton to Cobram as higher capacity rollingstock was needed elsewhere.

Otherwise, for events like football matches and the biannual runs to Lara for the Australian International Airshow at Avalon Airport, trains would be formed with nine carriages, a locomotive on each end and another between sets, near the middle. Because of the underfloor multiple-unit cabling, all locomotives on the train would work together from a single control stand; but each set of carriages was powered by its nearest P class locomotive because the power cables, for things like lighting and airconditioning, were only designed for a maximum electrical load equivalent to four carriages.

H sets were normally hauled by either N or P class locomotives, both able to supply the required head end power supply for lighting and air conditioning operation. When hauled by other classes of locomotives, a separate power van was coupled to the set to provide that same function.

A further four MTH carriages were converted in 1984, essentially BH carriages with an underfloor alternator fitted and with regular automatic couplers in place of drawbars. These were intended to be used as trailers for the Tulloch Railcars, as the older trailers were of timber construction with no airconditioning, and well past their use-by dates. The MTH cars could be hauled by anything and everything, because they had onboard alternators negating the requirement for any sort of external power supply.

Socimi bogies
To prepare for a then-planned order for high speed country trains, in 1986 set LH33 (BTH173-BH153-BCH133) was fitted with Socimi bogies designed for operation at 160 km/h. The set was hauled by locomotive A85 on runs between Glenorchy and Lubeck on the main Melbourne to Adelaide line, starting from Wednesday 23 July 1986.

Cain/Kirner order, 1989
With the 1990 election quickly approaching and the last of the electric Harris fleet due for withdrawal, the Cain government elected to order conversion of another eight carriages to a new class, BIH. These were functionally identical to the BH carriages, but toilets were not provided, instead being fitted with additional seating. The order also featured two more BCH conductor carriages, though these were fitted with smaller vans and an additional ten seats, compared to their predecessors.

BIH carriages 187 and 188, and the two new conductor cars BCH134 and BCH135, were converted from Grey Ghost stock - previously refurbished less than ten years ago - while the remainder came from regular blue Harris stock.

The new BIH carriages were inserted into sets SH21 thru SH28, bringing their capacity up to approximately match the long sets LH32 and LH33. Sets SH29, SH30 and SH31 were left untouched, and as far as can be determined, the two additional BCH cars were left unused until 1992, when two BH carriages were converted to BTH allowing the formation of new sets.

Once the FSH sets became available, event traffic like the Airshow trains increased to twelve-car trains with a locomotive on each end and a third between carriages eight and nine.

From 1992

Kirner/Spyker order, 1992
By 1992, Steve Crabb had long-since been replaced as the Victorian Member of Parliament with the Transport Portfolio. His successor, Peter Spyker, authorised an order for the final six BIH carriages. These were delivered in 1992 and allowed the remaining three Short sets to be extended to match capacity. These final carriages were converted from previously refurbished "Grey Ghost" Harris stock, rather than the original blue cars. At the same time, two BH carriages had automatic couplers fitted at one end and these were reclassed BTH.

Around this time the Tulloch railmotors were withdrawn from service, freeing the four MTH cars. Consideration was given to converting them to other classes for incorporation in normal H sets. However, it was decided to instead operate the MTH carriages exclusively on the Stony Point route, because an infrequent, isolated shuttle service would have been a waste of one of the N or P class locomotives with head-end power, better used elsewhere. If the Stony Point line had run from Spencer Street in lieu of Frankston, then it is quite possible that the H fleet would have been reworked with thirteen FSH and two LH sets (plus one spare carriage), all with about 250 seats.

With the MTH cars separated from the rest of the fleet, the final BIH carriages were allocated largely at random, with the result by end of 1992 being:
FSH21-29 and LH32 all of roughly equal capacity (247-249 seats)
SH sets 30, 31, 34 and 35 with only three carriages each (184-194 seats)
FLH33 as an orphan (316 seats).

High-ranking staff within V/Line were aware at the time that the last of the Harris electric fleet was being withdrawn, and tried to facilitate conversion of the remaining six Grey Ghost vehicles to add to the H car fleet. This was knocked back because, at the time, it was thought that more than just 22 of the new Sprinter railcars were going to be ordered.

In 1995, the entire H-series fleet was passed from V/Line to V/Line Passenger.

From 1999
In 1999, the fleet was reorganised. Previously, there had been four SH, nine FSH, one LH and one FLH set. In September of that year, set SH35 was split up, and set FSH28 lost its BIH carriage. The now-loose four carriages were reallocated to sets 22, 26, 29 and 32, so the new split became four SH, five FSH, three VSH and two FLH sets. Other than the remaining FSH sets (all 247 seats), the new set makeup had nearly every set with its own consist and differing capacity. Each of the different consists also had slightly different weights, lengths, capacities and door layouts, affecting the timetabling.

The SH sets, 28, 30, 31 and 34, respectively had 180, 184, 184 and 194 seats.
The FSH sets, 21, 23, 24, 25 and 27, all had 247 seats.
The FLH sets, 32 and 33, had 316 seats
The VSH sets, 22, 26 and 29 had 310, 314 and 311 seats respectively.

As a result, rosters were often written with specific sets in mind; the VSH and FLH sets could be grouped into a fleet of five sets for the longer runs, and the FSH sets for the shorter runs. The SH sets were either run individually on the shortest runs, or in pairs on the longest.

When the five-carriage sets were formed, the end BTH and BCH cars were recabled with higher-capacity wiring, to avoid any risk of overheating. However, the P Class locomotives were only able to supply power for four carriages' worth of air-conditioning and lighting and did not have sufficient power for acceleration of a five-carriage set, so those trains had to be hauled by N class engines, or A class engines with a PH power van attached. Additionally, because of the drawbar and inter-carriage doorway arrangements, BCH135 and BTH175 were reversed for coupling to Set #29.

Later in this period, patronage spikes would require coupling an FSH with SH set, for a seven-car consist. These services became colloquially known as the "Poor Man's XPT", with a P class locomotive on each end of the consist, controlled by a single crew. No trials were performed with push/pull 2xFSH sets, because it was clear from P-FSH-SH-P sets that any such consist would have been too heavy for passenger train schedules, requiring a minimum power to weight ratio.

In 2004, carriage BIH187 was pulled from set FSH27, and stored at Newport Workshops. It was returned to the set about three months later.

From 2005

In 2005, Marshall station was opened as an extension to the Geelong line. It was serviced by H sets previously running only to South Geelong, along with trains running to Warrnambool.

2006 saw another reorganisation of the H cars, this time on account of VLocity deliveries with Regional Fast Rail project. The VLocities were supposed to replace the H sets, but patronage booming meant they had to be retained. As part of the reorganisation, the H type carriages were refurbished and repainted into the new V/Line livery from September 2007.

As a result, set SH34 was split up, and sets 21, 27 and 32 lost their BIH coaches. Like when SH35 had been broken up, carriages BCH134 and BTH174 were reversed, for coupling to Set #32. The six freed cars were reallocated to sets 23, 28, 32 and 33, with the new outline thus-
The SH sets, 21, 27, 30 & 31 had 180, 180, 184 and 184 seats respectively.
The FSH sets, 24, 25 & 28 each had 247 seats.
The VSH sets, 22, 23, 26 & 29 had 310, 314, 314 and 311 seats respectively.
The VLH sets, 32 & 33, had 376 and 383 seats respectively.

With the deliveries of the VLocity fleet, the H sets were largely replaced by railcars on the longer runs, and so they began running more frequently on Melton and Bacchus Marsh, Sunbury and Kyneton, and Seymour services.

From 2012
In conjunction with a new timetable of 18 November 2012, the H set fleet was reorganised to give three six-car sets as well as twelve semi-permanently-coupled three-car sets, giving an effective total of nine six-car sets in service. These trains usually provided peak-hour services to Bacchus Marsh, Wyndham Vale and Seymour, hauled by N and P class locomotives. Stock shortages of other classes mean there were almost daily runs of H carriage sets to Marshall and Traralgon.

All carriages have now been recabled to allow a single head-end-power unit to operate the entire train from one end, rather than requiring a separate power source for carriages beyond the fourth or fifth.

The current capacities are:
SH21+SH27 and SH23+SH24, 364 seats; SH25+SH30, 368 seats
SH29+SH35, 378 seats; SSH sets 22, 26 and 28, 377 seats each
SH31+LH33, 433 seats; LH32+SH34, 443 seats

Loose carriage BH141 (63 seats) is currently stored at Newport Workshops, along with unused MTH 101, 103 and 104.

2015 roster

From July 2015, there were no regularly scheduled H sets on the Northern or Eastern regions, or anywhere at all on weekends, though occasional carriage shortages saw these sets filling in for other services. Quite often, H sets filled in on Geelong & Shepparton runs, resulting in first class and buffet facilities being unavailable. H sets were used on Seymour, Wyndham Vale and Bacchus Marsh runs from this time. All these rosters were hauled by N or P class locomotives, occasionally aided by A66.

From January 2017, one H set resumed operations along the Geelong Line, having been moved from the Seymour Line. This set ran the 7:36 am Geelong to Southern Cross, and the 6:18 pm Southern Cross to Geelong.

In late August 2017, some of the H sets were altered to account for the withdrawal of the P class locomotives. The two SH-LH sets alternated between Geelong and Bacchus Marsh; the SSH set (with A66 and a PH power van) and one SH-SH pair were captive to Bacchus Marsh runs; and the three remaining SH-SH pairs cycled around three rosters, either Bacchus Marsh to Southern Cross, Southern Cross to Geelong and Geelong to Southern Cross over the course of a day. The ex-Bacchus Marsh roster included a trip to Seymour in the afternoon.

In January 2021, H sets were re-rostered exclusively on the Bacchus Marsh and Shepparton lines, alongside occasional unscheduled runs to Geelong and elsewhere. However, from October 2022, due to the replacement of loco-hauled services on the Shepparton line, it was necessary to reinstate a daily trip to Geelong, while Shepparton services are now operated by VLocities. Thus, from the 23rd of October, the 7:23am Geelong to Southern Cross and 4:18pm Southern Cross to Geelong have been operated by H sets.

Set history
Note: Colours are representative only, and do not directly correlate to liveries worn in the era.

Model railways

HO scale
Trainbuilder released a range of brass H-type carriages in 2013, as single cars for $575 each, three-packs for $1700-$1800 each, four-packs for $2200 each and five-packs for $2850 each. In August 2015, a discount of 10% was applied to the few remaining sets.

References

Further reading
H Cars information Vicsig
H Type Carriages V/LineCars.com

Victorian Railways carriages


The Leelanau Peninsula AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Leelanau County, Michigan.
This Michigan wine region includes all of Leelanau County, which forms a peninsula between Lake Michigan on the west and Grand Traverse Bay on the east.   Being surrounded by water helps to moderate the climate of the region, which is generally cold for viticulture.  Frost can occur on all but about 145 days of the calendar year.  The soil in Leelanau Peninsula is complex, with glacial deposits of clay, sand, and loam on top of bedrock of granite and limestone. The hardiness zones are 6a and 6b.

References

External links
 From the Vine: Leelanau Peninsula Wine Trail Article about the Leelanau AVA.
 Leelanau Peninsula Vintners Association Leelanau AVA wine trail web site with information about the wineries.

American Viticultural Areas
Geography of Leelanau County, Michigan
American Viticultural Areas of Michigan
1982 establishments in Michigan


The Vanity is a Victoria Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race held under set weight conditions with penalties, for three-year-old fillies, over a distance of 1400 metres. It is held at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia in February. Prizemoney is A$200,000.

History

Distance
 1987–1989 – 1400 metres
 1990 – 1200 metres
 1991–1993 – 1400 metres
 1994 – 1420 metres
 1995 – 1432 metres
 1996 – 1433 metres
 1997–2006 – 1400 metres
 2007 – 1200 metres
 2008–2011 – 1400 metres
 2012 – 1410 metres
 2013 onwards - 1400 metres

Grade
 1987–1999 - Listed race
 2000 onwards - Group 3 race

Venue
 1997 - Sandown Racecourse
 2007 - Moonee Valley Racecourse

Winners

 2023 - Wollombi
 2022 - Barb Raider
 2021 – Zou Dancer
2020 – Bonvicini
2019 – Amphitrite
2018 – Rimraam
 2017 – Kenedna
 2016 – Don't Doubt Mamma
 2015 – Sweet And Speedy
 2014 – Solicit
 2013 – Alzora
 2012 – Shopaholic
 2011 – Southern Speed
 2010 – Tallow
 2009 – Romneya
 2008 – Musidora
 2007 – Universal Queen
 2006 – Pure Joy
 2005 – Ballet Society
 2004 – Country Lodge
 2003 – Dextrous
 2002 – Gold Lottey
 2001 – Lan Kwai Fong
 2000 – Forest Express
 1999 – Rose O' War
 1998 – Greeting
 1997 – Akarana
 1996 – Saleous
 1995 – No Mischief
 1994 – Balm In Gilead
 1993 – Classy Twiggy
 1992 – Northern Bisque
 1991 – Irish Spree
 1990 – Dancer's Choice
 1989 – Very Droll
 1988 – Tennessee Vain
 1987 – Pseudonym Miss

See also
 List of Australian Group races
 Group races

References

Horse races in Australia
Flemington Racecourse
Recurring sporting events established in 1987


The anticenter shell or anticenter superbubble is a region near the anticenter of the Milky Way Galaxy that emits 21 cm radiation.  It is located at  , or l = 197°, b = +2° in galactic coordinates, near the border of the constellations Gemini and Orion.  It is a supershell (a very large superbubble) within our galaxy that is spherical in shape and features jets of gas.

Discovered in 1970, this galactic object has subsequently been variously classified by researchers as a spiral arm of the Milky Way in 1972, a nearby tidally-stripped dwarf galaxy in 1975, and a high-velocity cloud in 1979.

The name Snickers for the anticenter shell arose from the description in 1975 by Christian Simonson, a University of Maryland astronomer who believed it to be a small "peanut" of a galaxy just outside the Milky Way.

Simonson's colleagues coined the name Snickers (in reference to the American chocolate bars Milky Way and Snickers) due to its proximity to the Milky Way. Less popularly, the anticenter superbubble is also referred to as 0627-15 from its equatorial coordinates.

The anticenter shell is approximately 55,000 light years (17 kpc) from the Sun. Its dimensions are difficult to determine by radio observation due to its location near the Zone of Avoidance, the regions of the sky obscured by interstellar dust along the galactic equator.

See also
 List of stellar streams

References

Post-stellar nebulae
Superbubbles


Perea is a Spanish language locational surname, which originally meant a person from one of the various places called Perea in Spain. The name may refer to:

Alberto Perea (born 1990), Spanish footballer
Brayan Perea (born 1993), Colombian footballer
Édgar Perea (1934–2016), Colombian politician
Edixon Perea (born 1984), Colombian footballer
Emmanuel Perea (born 1985), Argentine footballer
Enrique Perea Quintanilla (1956–2006), Mexican journalist
Esteban de Perea (died 1639), Spanish missionary
Fran Perea (born 1978), Spanish actor and singer
Francisco Perea (1830–1913), American politician
Gabby Perea (born 2002), American artistic gymnast
Henry Perea (born 1977), American politician
Ítalo Perea (born 1993), Ecuadorian boxer
José Emilio Perea (born 1983), Mexican boxer
Jose Luis León Perea (born 1947), Mexican politician
Juan José Perea (born 2000), Colombian footballer
Julia Pérez Montes de Oca (1839-1875), Cuban poet
Luis Alberto Perea (born 1986), Colombian footballer
Luis Amaranto Perea (born 1979), Colombian footballer
Luis Carlos Perea (born 1963), Colombian footballer
Nicolás Perea (born 1992), Colombian footballer
Nixon Perea (born 1973), Colombian footballer
Patricia Díaz Perea (born 1984), Spanish athlete
Pedro Perea (1852–1906), American politician
Robert L. Perea (born 1953), American writer
Sebastián Pozas Perea (1876–1946), Spanish general

References

Spanish-language surnames


Theban Tomb TT2 is located in Deir el-Medina, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian official Khabekhnet and his family.  Khabekhnet was Servant in the Place of Truth, during the reign of Ramesses II.

Khabekhnet was the son of Sennedjem (TT1) and Iyneferti. His family is mentioned in the tomb.

Courts

Several stelae appear in the court. One depicts Khabekhnet and his father Sennedjem kneeling. The text includes hymns to Ra. Another stela shows the barque of Re adored by baboons, while in another register Khabekhnet's father and family appear before Horus and Satet. Yet another register depicts Khabekhnet and his wife Sahte before Ahmose I and Queen Ahmose-Nefertari.

Hall

The hall is decorated with scenes showing Khabekhnet and family before deities and funerary scenes. Father Sennedjem kneels before the god Min and a goddess. Khons and his wife are shown making an offering to Senendjem and Iyneferti. Khabekhnet offers candles to Min and Isis.

Another wall shows ceremonies in the Temple of Mut at Karnak; these scenes include images of barques and criosphinxes. Another register shows a pilgrimage to Abydos. A weighing scene shows Khabekhnet's brother Khonsu being led by Harsiese and Khonsu's wife by Anubis and a funeral procession accompanied by male mourners.

In four other registers Sennedjem and relatives adore the Hathor-cow within a shrine, people part-take in a banquet, and the last register shows a funeral procession.

The scene showing Khabekhnet offering before two rows of Kings and Queens is now in the Berlin Museum (1625).
Upper part: The cartouches list (from right to left) Djeserkare (Amenhotep I), Ahmose-Nefertari, Seqenenre Tao, Ahhotep, king's sister Meritamun, a king's sister, mother of the god Kaesmut, king's sister Sitamun, a king's son (name lost), Royal Lady (name lost), Great king's wife Henuttamehu, king's wife Tures, king's wife Ahmose, king's son Sipair.

Lower part: Khabekhnet offers before Nebhepetre Mentuhotep (II), Nebpehtyre Ahmose, King Sekhentnebre, Wadjkheperre Kamose, a king's son Binpu, king's son Wadjmose, king's son Ramose,  king's son Nebenkhurru (?), king's son Ahmose, God's wife Kamose, a god's wife Sit-ir-bau, a god's wife Ta-khered-qa, a god's wife (name lost).

See also
 List of Theban tombs

References

External links

Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century BC
Theban tombs


Marianne Straub OBE (23 September 1909 – 8 November 1994) was one of the leading commercial designers of textiles in Britain in the period from the 1940s to 1960s. She said her overriding aim was: "to design things which people could afford. ... To remain a handweaver did not seem satisfactory in this age of mass-production".

Linda Parry, curator of modern textiles at the Victoria and Albert Museum, described her in 1990 as one of two or three British artists who used their great ability to serve industry.

Although she became a leading name in industrial design – creating upholstery for everything from London Underground to BEA aircraft – she almost always developed her ideas on a handloom before applying her technical knowhow to their manufacture. She believed that if more designers tried out their ideas first, there would be fewer bad results.

Early life and studies
Marianne Straub was born in the village of Amriswil, Switzerland, the second of four daughters of the textile merchant Carl Straub and his wife Cécile Kappeler. She had tuberculosis as a young child and spent over four years in a hospital ward, returning home at the age of eight. Straub studied art at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Zurich, focusing on hand weaving and textiles in the final two years. Her tutor was Heinz Otto Hürlimann, who had studied at Bauhaus. She then spent six months working as a technician/helper at a mill in her village.

She moved to Bradford, England, arriving in 1932 and undertaking a year's study at Bradford Technical College. One reason for choosing this location was that Swiss technical colleges would not accept women students – and at Bradford she was only the third female student. In an interview in 1990, Straub noted that Germany during the early 1930s was out of the question as she was known for being outspoken and her mother did not want to have to rescue her from prison.  The Bradford course covered textile maths, weaving technology and raw materials, as well as cloth construction, and its focus was on woollen materials as the city was a major wool manufacturing centre. The experience gave Straub a keen interest in the uses and varieties of fibres and she developed her skills in double cloth textile construction and the use of power looms.

Move into industry
After finishing her course she was invited to work at Ethel Mairet's Gospels studio at Ditchling where she developed her hand loom techniques. In return, she introduced a variety of double cloth weaves to the studio and developed a firm friendship with Mairet.

Straub then began working as a consultant designer for the Welsh milling industry, advising 72 mills that were supported by the Rural Industries Bureau between 1934–7 and learning the skills of mass production. In 1937 she joined the firm of Helios, a subsidiary of Barlow & Jones as head designer, becoming managing director in 1947.

In 1950, Straub joined the firm of Warner & Sons in Braintree, Essex, and remained associated with the firm until 1970.

One of her most famous early designs for Warner was Surrey, a textile that featured in the Festival of Britain in 1951 and was used in the Regatta Restaurant. Based on the crystalline structure of afwillite, it was chosen as representative of textiles of the early post-war period.

Great Bardfield Artists
In 1953, Straub moved to the north-west Essex village of Great Bardfield, and remains associated with the artists' community that developed there. Her neighbours included John Aldridge RA, Edward Bawden and Audrey Cruddas and Straub became friends with most of them and an integral part of the community. The village's "open house" exhibitions attracted national press attention and thousands visited the remote village to view art in the artists' own homes during the summer exhibitions of 1954, 1955 and 1958.

Work from the 1960s
While Straub continued to work with Warner until 1970, she was also enlisted by Isabel Tisdall to create designs for the newly launched venture Tamesa Fabrics from 1964 – all designs were manufactured by Warner.
Aimed firmly at the contract and commercial market, Tamesa was highly successful in introducing alternatives to the prevailing fashion for bold pattern, instead focusing on texture, tone and high-specification fabrics. Designs from the Tamesa range were to feature on everything from the QE2 to BEA's Trident aircraft – Straub was responsible for many of them, including the Trident seatcovers.

London Transport commission
Straub was also among the designers used to create the livery for moquette upholstery on London Transport buses and trains. Her blue/green design (known as Straub) was used on all buses and trains entering service from 1969 to 1978, notably featuring on trains operating along the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow Airport opened in 1977. The design – and variations of it – also featured in British Rail carriages of the period.

Academic work
Straub's work was already well respected by 1952, when she spoke at the international craft conference held at Dartington Hall and argued for the preservation of knowledge among the crafts community.

She became an influential textile teacher, combining work with Warner with teaching at Central School of Art, London from 1956. She also taught at Hornsey College of Art and the Royal College of Art. She was on the advisory council for the School of Art at Goldsmiths' College.

On retirement in 1970, she left Great Bardfield and moved to Cambridge. She continued to maintain her interest in cloth and weaving in retirement. In a letter to curator, academic and author Mary Schoeser some three months before her death, Straub described her design process. "Whilst thinking of the new cloth, I think of its weight, its draping qualities, the handle; I see it in colours...The essence of the whole exercise is to place the cloth, in my imagination, into the situation in which it will be used."

Awards
Straub was made a Royal Designer for Industry in 1972. In 1993, she received the Sir Misha Black Medal. She was also a Fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers (SIAD) and was appointed an OBE for services to textile weaving.

Publications

References

Further reading

External links
Marianne Straub archive at the Victoria and Albert Museum
Wellcome Trust interview with Mary Schoeser about Festival of Britain designs, featuring work of Marianne Straub
Examples of work at Fry Art Gallery
Warner Textile Archives
Moquette sample: Straub

1909 births
1992 deaths
20th-century Swiss women artists
20th-century women textile artists
20th-century textile artists
Academics of the Central School of Art and Design
Academics of the Royal College of Art
People from Arbon District
Swiss designers
Textile designers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Great Bardfield
Swiss emigrants to the United Kingdom


The News-Herald is a newspaper distributed in the northeastern portion of Greater Cleveland, Ohio, United States, serving Lake and Geauga Counties as well as a section of eastern Cuyahoga County.

History

The News-Herald began as the Willoughby Independent on April 18, 1879, was renamed  Willoughby Republican in 1920, and became the Lake County News-Herald in 1935.  Its offices moved from downtown Willoughby to 38879 Mentor Avenue (U.S. Route 20) in 1950, then to its current location, 7085 Mentor Avenue, adjacent to Mentor, after 1973. The News-Herald purchased the Lake County Telegraph of nearby Painesville, formerly the Painesville Telegraph, which was founded by Eber D. Howe, effective May 1, 1986, the latter merging with the former.

References

External links
Lake County News-Herald

Newspapers published in Ohio
Lake County, Ohio
21st Century Media publications


The Umbrella Coup () is a 1980 French comedy film directed by Gérard Oury, starring Pierre Richard, Gordon Mitchell and Gert Fröbe.

The creation of the film was inspired by several assassinations of Bulgarian dissidents where the so-called Bulgarian umbrella was used as a weapon. The working title of the film was Le Coup du Parapluie Bulgare.

It was shot the Epinay Studios and on location around Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jean André.

Plot
The unsuccessful actor Grégoire Lecomte is heading for a casting but then he takes a wrong turn. While he thinks he talks to casting director who wants an actor to play a henchman, he actually talks to a mafia don who wants a real killer.
Lecomte's performance is convincing and consequently he receives a contract to finish off arms dealer Otto Krampe. He is supposed to kill Krampe with an umbrella containing a built-in syringe full of potassium cyanide at his birthday party in St-Tropez. Lecomte takes the don for a producer and believes this was all part of shooting a film.

Cast
Pierre Richard as Grégoire Lecomte
Gordon Mitchell as Moskovitz
Valérie Mairesse as Sylvette  Bunny
Christine Murillo as Josyane Leblanc
Gert Fröbe as Otto Krampe a.k.a. Whale
Gérard Jugnot as Frédo
Vittorio Caprioli as Don Barberini
Yaseen Khan as Radj Kahn
Didier Sauvegrain as Stanislas Lefort a.k.a. Crazy
Mike Marshall as the Doctor
Roger Carel as Salvatore Bozzoni
Dominique Lavanant as Mireille
Maurice Risch as the Producer

See also
Never a Dull Moment (1968)

References

External links

The Umbrella Coup/Le Coup du parapluie at the Cinemovies site
The Umbrella Coup overview at the New York Times

1980 films
French crime comedy films
Films about contract killing
Films directed by Gérard Oury
Films scored by Vladimir Cosma
Films set in Saint-Tropez
French comedy films
1980s French-language films
Mafia comedy films
1980s screwball comedy films
1980s crime comedy films
1980 comedy films
Gaumont Film Company films
Films shot at Epinay Studios
1980s American films
1980s French films


Nativization is the process through which in the virtual absence of native speakers, a language undergoes new phonological, morphological, syntactical, semantic and stylistic changes, and gains new native speakers. This happens necessarily when a second language used by adult parents becomes the native language of their children. Nativization has been of particular interest to linguists, and to creolists more specifically, where the second language concerned is a pidgin.

It was previously thought by scholars that nativization was simply interlanguage fossilization, a step taken during second-language acquisition by learners who apply rules of their first language to their second. However, recent studies now suggest that nativization is simply another form of language acquisition. Several explanations of creole genesis have relied on prior nativization of a pidgin as a stage in achieving creoleness. This is true for Hall's (1966) notion of the pidgin-creole life cycle as well as Bickerton's language bioprogram theory.

There are few undisputed examples of a creole arising from nativization of a pidgin by children.

The Tok Pisin language reported by  is one example where such a conclusion could be reached by scientific observation. A counterexample is the case where children of Gastarbeiter parents speaking pidgin German acquired German seamlessly without creolization. Broad treatments of creolization phenomena such as  acknowledge now as a matter of standard that the pidgin-nativization scheme is only one of many explanations with possible theoretical validity. Additionally, the emergence of Nicaraguan sign language without a prior established set of symbols puts forth new questions regarding the process of nativization itself.

Strategies
It has been noted among many scholars that speakers adopt a few well-established strategies during the process of nationalization. These strategies are the generalization of grammatical rules and the transfer of features from other languages to the target language.

Extension of productive processes
One strategy that occurs during nativization is the extension of a source language’s grammatical, phonological, syntactic and semantic features. Unlike erroneous overgeneralizing of grammatical rules, it has been found that such instances of overgeneralization in the process of nativization are an extension of processes that are found in well-established varieties of English.

 Philippines English: He has many luggages.
 Ghanaian: I lost all my furnitures and many valuable properties.

In the examples given above, we can observe that the method of pluralizing a noun by affixing -s has been extended to words that do not accept the suffix in American or British English, in other nativized varieties of English.

This generalization of grammatical rules was interpreted to be similar to the overgeneralizing processes in the second-language acquisition, or of native language interference. However, it is argued that these are not erroneous but rather grammatical processes generated in the minds of the speakers.

Transfer of features from other languages
As nativization occurs in situations of language contact, there is often influence between the superstrate language and the substrate languages. There will inevitably be transfers of features from one language to another.

Phonological transfer
In emerging language varieties, speakers are often heavily influenced by the phonological characteristics of their native language. Other elements of speech such as prosody, speed, and stress are also similarly affected.

 Lack of dental fricatives in Singaporean English.

In Singaporean English, the /θ/ and /ð/ are lost in the process of nativization, and instead have been replaced with /f/ and /d/. This phenomenon is not unique to this particular variety of English, but can also be found in various Southeast Asian, and African varieties as well. One reason for this is the markedness of these sounds; they are rare cross-linguistically. See below for another example of phonological transfer in Chavacano.

 Stress patterns

The lexical stress patterns in Singlish is also significantly different from British varieties. Notably, the stress of a word falls in the front syllable.

The diagram above shows where the stress is places in a lexical word according to the variety. Portions of the word that have been capitalized reflect where the stress is placed. Unlike the British variety of English, the stress almost always falls on the second portion of Singaporean English in two-syllabic words and phrases.

Discourse transfer
With the intermingling of languages, transfer of discourse norms from one language to another also takes place.

Formal writing in British or American varieties of English values directness with a lack of literary flourish. However, English formal writing style in India is indirect and highly ornamental. This is directly influenced by the discourse style of various indigenous Indian languages which values indirectness and stylization in formal registers. An example of such can be seen in this wedding invitation.   You are requested to make it convenient to reach here with family well in time to participate in all the connected ceremonies. In case you would like to invite anyone else from your side, kindly intimate the name and address.The process of nativization is not only a linguistic process, but also a social one. The transfer of features from other languages into a target language may stem from ‘cultural embedding’. In the case of English nativization, English is often a functional language meant to serve as the language of communication in a multilingual, multi-ethnic community. This transfer of features from other languages to the target language is a variation of the extension strategy, but takes on a sociolinguistics slant. Speakers of this emergent varieties of English often view their unique pronunciations as a marker of cultural identity, rather than something to be correct. These are acceptable ways to speak; in contrast, to imitate British or American English phonologies can come across as snobbish to a speaker’s speech community.

Language varieties that have undergone nativization

Solomon Islands Pijin
As their mother tongue, Pijin was acquired from the urban adult population by a generation of children who were raised in urban areas. This resulted in changes in the variety of Pijin that they acquired.  Reduction of the variation found in their parent’s speech can be observed. For example, the pronoun copy rule in this nativized variety of Pidgin was reduced.

Hem nao  hem  bos.

FP    TOP  SP   boss

'He is the boss.'

Hem nao  bos.

FP    Top  boss

'He is the boss.'

After the Subject Pronoun in the first sentence is deleted, it becomes the subject (as seen in the second sentence).

(Note: FP= Focal Pronoun  TOP= Topic  SP= Subject Pronoun)

Chavacano
As a result of nativization of Spanish, unique Spanish varieties have emerged, as demonstrated by examples such as Chavacano in the Philippines and the different varieties of Spanish in South America. Feature changes are manifested at the phonetic/phonological, lexical, syntactic and pragmatic levels.

Phonetic/phonological change
Cavite Chabacano, which is one of the Spanish contact varieties spoken in Cavite City, is a result of language contact between Mexican Spanish and Cavite Tagalog. It occasionally retains the pronunciation of Old Spanish /h/, which is written but no longer pronounced in most contemporary Spanish varieties as a result of input from Mexican Spanish. For example, hablá ‘to talk’ can be pronounced with or without the initial /h/.

Stress patterns that differ from Spanish are found in Cavite Chabacano due to the dialectal variation in Tagalog.

Lexical change
Semantic shift has occurred in a lot of Spanish words that have entered Cavite Chavacano as a result of nativization. For example, lenguaje in general Spanish which means ‘style of speech’ has shifted to ‘national language’. The word cuidado which means ‘caution’ can mean ‘will take charge of’ when combined with subject pronouns, such as yo cuidao ‘I’ll take care of it’.

Syntactic change
Due to the influence of Tagalog, Cavite Chavacano uses Verb-Subject-Object patterns unlike Spanish which uses Subject-Verb-Object patterns.

Spanish:  Ustedes enseñan a niños (SVO) para la escuela.

English:  You all teach children (SVO) for the school.

Chavacano: Ta enseña ustedes na mga bata (VSO) para na escuela.

Nicaraguan Sign Language
The emergence of Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) provides an interesting insight into the process of nativization. It is a full natural language, developed by deaf Nicaraguan children in the absence of a language of their own. It is distinct from Spanish, and unrelated to American Sign Language or any other sign language.

When public schools opened in Nicaragua for deaf children, it advocated for an oral approach instead of a signing one. However, with the congregation of deaf children, many of them invented an indigenous sign language. The first generation of Nicaraguan Sign Language has been compared to a rudimentary pidgin; however, with the introduction of younger speakers into this language community, the language has been refined in the minds of these young speakers. These younger speakers, despite a rudimentary and impoverished language input, have produced a complex, full language. It has been said that NSL is a product of nativization, or Bickerton’s language bioprogram theory.

The emergence of NSL is special because it has emerged without the influence of a superstrate and substrate languages unlike most creoles, but rather came from an undeveloped sign system that was evolved by its own speakers. It raises interesting questions on the study of the mental processes of nativization.

See also
Native Esperanto speakers
Ben-Zion Ben-Yehuda

References

Language acquisition


Coast Guard Air Station Astoria was established on August 14, 1964, at Astoria Regional Airport in Warrenton, Oregon, United States.

The unit houses 67 active duty, 24 reserve duty and one civilian personnel. The unit operates three Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk helicopters. According to a 2003 press release, the unit's annual budget is $1,107,051. The unit's functions include search and rescue, law enforcement, aids to navigational support, and environmental protection.

Air Station Astoria served as one of the filming locations for the movie The Guardian (2006).

On April 28, 2017, the Coast Guard announced it would base two Sentinel-class cutters in Astoria, in 2021.

Historically operated aircraft
 Sikorsky HH-52A Seaguard
 Sikorsky HH-3F Pelican
 Dassault HU-25A Falcon

References

External links

United States Coast Guard Air Stations
Military installations in Oregon
Transportation in Clatsop County, Oregon
Buildings and structures in Astoria, Oregon
1964 establishments in Oregon


is a Japanese light novel series written Madoka Takadono and illustrated by Katsumi Enami. The first novel was published under Media Factory's MF Bunko J imprint in April 2004, and as of December 2009, eleven novels have been released. The series is set in a world where humans have discovered a way to seal their long-lost magical powers into bullets, starting an era of constant warfare. Cedric, Ambrosia and Elwing set out to find the Gun Princess, a powerful weapon that could change the fate of the world. A manga adaptation written by Takadono and illustrated by Kei Ichimonji was serialized in Kodansha's Monthly Shōnen Sirius magazine, and was later released in four tankōbon from November 2006 to September 2008.

Plot
Long ago, humans angered the gods and lost their magical powers. However, the humans refused to give their powers and discovered a way to seal magic into bullets. Since then, the world has lived in a state of constant warfare. Cedric, Ambrosia and Elwing begin a journey to find the Gun Princess, a powerful weapon that could change the fate of the world.

Media

Light novels
The Gun Princess light novels are written by Madoka Takadono and illustrated by Katsumi Enami. The first novel was published under Media Factory's MF Bunko J imprint on April 4, 2004, and as of December 25, 2009, eleven novels have been released. Sharp Point Press licensed the Chinese-language release in Taiwan. On September 13, 2006, Seven Seas Entertainment announced that they had acquired the rights to an English-language release of Gun Princes.

Manga
A manga adaptation titled Gun Princess ~Sincerely Night~ was written by Takadono and illustrated by Kei Ichimonji. It was serialized in Kodansha's Monthly Shōnen Sirius magazine, and later released in four tankōbon from November 22, 2006, to September 22, 2008. Sharp Point Press has licensed the manga for a Chinese-language release in Taiwan.

References

2004 Japanese novels
Anime and manga based on light novels
MF Bunko J
Seven Seas Entertainment titles
Shōnen manga
Light novels
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Sharp Point Press titles


Mary Agnes Tincker (July 18, 1833 – December 4, 1907) was an American novelist. She published about a dozen novels and many short stories. She was made a member of the Ancient Academy of Arcadia of Rome, and of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia.

Life and works
Tincker was born in Ellsworth, Maine, daughter of Richard Tinker and Mehitable Jellison; descendant of Thomas Tinker, of the Mayflower, and of Benjamin Jellison, a Presbyterian, of Scots, Irish and English extraction, who was an extensive land-owner in Maine and Canada, but, having adhered to the Loyalist cause during the revolution, his estate was confiscated. He then settled on a grant of land in New Brunswick, where he began life anew. Mary Tincker's father was deputy sheriff and subsequently high sheriff of Hancock County, and at the time of his death was warden of the Maine state prison.  She was educated at the high-school in Ellsworth, and at the academy in Blue Hill, Maine.  At the age of thirteen she began teaching in the public schools. At fifteen her first literary work was printed.  Her father was a prosperous Congregational farmer but his daughter was so shocked by an incident in which a Roman Catholic priest was tarred-and-feathered by a mob of Know-Nothing agitators, that she converted to Roman Catholicism in protest at the age of twenty.

Civil War

In 1863, she procured a recommendation from Governor John A. Andrew of Massachusetts as a volunteer nurse for the wounded of the Civil War, and served in ward 6, Judiciary Square Hospital, at Washington, D. C., until she herself fell ill. On her recovery, making her residence in Boston, she was there wholly engrossed in journalistic and literary work. Short stories from her pen appeared in the early numbers of The Catholic World. During this period she wrote her earliest novels, "The House of Yorke" and " Grapes and Thorns," both of which were in the fourth edition in 1872, and "A Winged World, and other Sketches" (1873).

Europe

In 1873 she went to Europe, where she remained fourteen years visiting France, England and Spain. She resided in Italy many years, and immersed herself in the language and customs. She had many expatriate American friends, whom she used as inspiration in some of her novels, a practice of which they did not always approve.   Much time was spent in Assisi and Palestrina. It was followed by Grapes and Thorns (1873–74) and Six Sunny Months (1876–77). The latter was the first fruit of her sojourn in Italy (1873–1887).

Rise to prominence

"Six Sunny Months" was written in Italy in 1878, and " Signor Monaldini's Niece " in 1879.  The latter was published both in England and America, and immediately called forth such universal approbation from the critics and the reading world that she found herself famous overnight.  By the Tiber (1881),
The Jewel in the Lotus (1884); Aurora (1885), were all written at this time and won her great fame. The Catholic World, trying to downplay the scandalous reception of some of her books from this time, wrote, "They reflected, for the most part, the beauty of Italy."

The Two Coronets (1887); and San Salvador (1889), were written after she returned to America and also sold well.

Translations

Her Grapes and Thorns was translated into French by the Marchioness of San Carlos de Pedroso,  By the Tiber into German by Baroness Butler, and Two Coronets, by Heusel.

Last book

Her last book, fittingly called Autumn Leaves, was issued in 1898, and contained matter contributed not long before to The Catholic World. Tincker died in Boston.

Bibliography
The House of Yorke (1872)
A Winged Word (1873), and other sketches and stories, The Catholic Publication Society
Grapes and Thorns; or, A Priest's Sacrifice (1874)
By the Tiber (1881) Roberts Bros.
The Jewel in the Lotos (1884) J.B. Lippincott & Co.
San Salvador (1878)
 Signor Monaldini's Niece (1879)
Two Coronets (1889) Houghton, Mifflin & Company
Aurora (1890)
The Life Beyond (1892), adapted from the work of Margaret Gatty
Autumn leaves (1899)

Short stories

 "Sister Sylvia" (1900) in Stories by American Authors, Scribner & Sons  (short story)
 "From the Garden of a Friend"
 "Six Sunny Months, And Other Stories" (1878)

Notes

References

1833 births
1907 deaths
19th-century American novelists
American women novelists
Novelists from Maine
People from Ellsworth, Maine
19th-century American women writers


Science Debate 2008, currently ScienceDebate.org, was the beginning of a grassroots campaign to call for a public debate in which the candidates for the U.S. presidential election discuss issues relating to the environment, health and medicine, and science and technology policy.

In 2008, the effort was co-chaired by U.S. House representatives Vernon J. Ehlers and Rush D. Holt, Jr., and the steering committee includes Chris Mooney, Matthew Chapman, Arne Carlson, Lawrence Krauss, Sheril Kirshenbaum, John Rennie, and Shawn Lawrence Otto.

Both Barack Obama and John McCain participated in the initiative, which marked the first time in history the endorsed candidates for president laid out detailed science policies before the election.  It became the largest political initiative in the history of American science, and made over 800 million media impressions.

Among the scientific organizations supporting the program were the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Academy of Sciences, the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Biophysical Society, and the Association for Women in Science. Other supporters included politicians, prominent research universities, Nobel laureates, business institutions, and science media editors.

Science Debate's partners in the debate were the National Academy of Science, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the Council on Competitiveness, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Originally, the four top candidates for the 2008 election, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, Mike Huckabee, and John McCain, were officially invited to discuss science and technology issues at Philadelphia's Franklin Institute on April 18, 2008. However, after none of the candidates agreed to participate in the debate, a second invitation was sent, proposing a debate at Portland State University on May 2, May 9, or May 16.  The moderator was to be David Brancaccio, and it was set to air on PBS. Unlike most other debates, the questions were to be provided in advance.   Although the candidates did not agree to the two televised debates proposed by Science Debate 2008, both Obama and McCain did participate in an online written version,sciencedebate.org providing detailed responses to the "14 Top Science Questions Facing America," a list suggested by the organization's members, and the Obama answers formed an early basis for the Obama science policy.  Several of the earliest supporters of Science Debate are now in the Obama administration, including Energy Secretary Steven Chu,  NOAA Director Jane Lubchenco, and Presidential Science Advisor John Holdren.

Science Debate 2008 has received media attention from hundreds of outlets in the United States and around the world, including MSNBC, Science Friday, Wired.com, Earth & Sky, as well as the editors of Scientific American and Science. An editorial in Nature cautioned that "the proposed debate can be seen as an attempt by various élite institutions to grab the microphone and set the agenda from the top down" and Nature columnist David Goldston stated that "there is no reason to assume that a presidential debate on science matters would be instructive for the public or helpful to scientists."

See also
 United States presidential election debates, 2008
 Democratic Party (United States) presidential debates, 2008
 Republican Party (United States) presidential debates, 2008

References

External links
 Science Debate 2008 website
 ScienceDebate.org

2008 United States presidential debates


Birzhan Zhakypov (born July 7, 1984) is an amateur boxer from Kazakhstan, best known for winning the light flyweight gold medal at the 2013 World Amateur Boxing Championship.

He qualified for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, where he beat Pál Bedák and Hovhannes Danielyan before losing to top favorite Zou Shiming (4:9).

At the 2010 Asian Games he beat Shin Jong-Hun before losing in the final to Zou Shiming.

At the 2011 World Amateur Boxing Championships he lost his first fight to a Cuban.
He later qualified for the 2012 Olympics in London, beating Jérémy Beccu and Mark Anthony Barriga before losing again to eventual gold medalist Zou Shiming.

References
 Qualification

 Birzhan Zhakypov's boxing stats International Boxing Association

Living people
1984 births
Olympic boxers for Kazakhstan
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Ethnic Kazakh people
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2010 Asian Games
Boxers at the 2014 Asian Games
World boxing champions
Kazakhstani male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Asian Games silver medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Light-flyweight boxers
21st-century Kazakhstani people
People from Turkistan Region


KTRP (1450 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Notus, Idaho, United States.  The station is owned by Centro Familiar Cristiano. KTRP is silent .

History
The station went on the air June 14, 1965 as KYET. It changed its call sign to KACY on October 1, 1984. On January 30, 1990, the station changed its call sign to KIOV. The station took on the KWEI call sign on March 25, 2011; three years later, the station swapped call signs with 1260 AM and became KTRP.

Until April 20, 2016, KTRP broadcast a Tejano format to the greater Boise, Idaho, area and was the only full-time Tejano station in the state of Idaho. The station went off the air on April 20, 2016, following a transmitter failure.

References

External links

TRP
Radio stations established in 1965
1965 establishments in Idaho


Reyad Ellafi ()  (born 5 July 1980 in Tripoli, Libya) is a Libyan footballer. He currently plays for Al-Ittihad.

Ellafi is also a member of the Libya national football team, and played in the 2009 African Championship of Nations.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Libyan men's footballers
Libya men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Al Ahli SC (Tripoli) players
Al-Ittihad Club (Tripoli) players
Al-Nasr SC (Benghazi) players
Libyan Premier League players
Sportspeople from Tripoli, Libya


WYKB (105.3 FM) is a Spanish rhythmic radio station licensed to Fernandina Beach, Florida that serves the Jacksonville, Florida area. It is owned by Norberto Sanchez's Norsan Media.

History

WYKB broadcast a classic country format from October 15, 2013 until May 26, 2014. Prior to that, it used to broadcast a Tropical format with emphasis toward Salsa and Reggaeton until August 5, 2013, when it flipped to a short-lived classic hits format. By April 2015, the then-WJSJ went silent. On November 2, 2015, WJSJ returned to the air with sports, with programming from CBS Sports Radio.

On July 1, 2016, WJSJ dropped the CBS Sports Radio format and began stunting. On July 18, 2016, WJSJ launched a classic dance format, branded as "DJ 105.3". The station changed its call sign to WZDJ on July 20, 2016, where afterwards, WZDJ began adding more current music from the Rhythmic and Dance genres, with the recurrents receiving less airplay. During this tenure, it was in the middle of being purchased through a LMA from veteran radio programmer Tony Quarterone for $1.3 million.

On December 31, 2016, WZDJ signed off the air due to a lack of advertising support and financial issues, which included the collapse of the sale of the station. The station left a message on its Facebook page that signaled the end of the format and its website and stream were deleted. On January 2, 2017, the station flipped to a simulcast of country-formatted WKBX under the original ownership for the time being. On January 13, 2017, WZDJ changed its callsign to WYKB.

On October 16, 2017, WYKB split from its simulcast with WKBX and changed its format to classic country, branded as "Jax Country 105.3". In January 2020, WYKB became "Jacksonville's JAX 105.3", keeping the classic country format, but with no commercials.

In July 2021, the station switched to a Spanish rhythmic format as "Flow 105.3." Among its core artists are Daddy Yankee, Karol G, Maluma, Ozuna, J Balvin, Bad Bunny, Anitta, Nicky Jam, Natti Natasha and Wisin y Yandel.

WYKB-HD2
On August 4, 2021, WYKB launched a Spanish adult contemporary format on its HD2 subchannel, branded as "Azul 105.3 HD2".

References

External links

2000 establishments in Florida
Nassau County, Florida
Radio stations established in 2000
YKB
Latin rhythmic radio stations
Spanish-language radio stations in Florida
Rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States


Lionel Faure (born 26 November 1977 in France) is a rugby union player for Clermont Auvergne in the Top 14. Faure plays as a Loosehead prop, and previously played for the Sale Sharks and won the 2005–06 Guinness Premiership with them, starting in the final.

He was called up to the France squad for the 2008 Six Nations and played in the 2009 Six Nations. Altogether he has played in five matches in the tournament.

References

External links
 Clermont Auvergne profile
 France profile
Sale Sharks profile
RBS 6 Nations profile
Faure heading back home
Sale move for French prop Faure

French rugby union players
1977 births
Living people
France international rugby union players
Sale Sharks players
Rugby union props
People from Montauban
Sportspeople from Tarn-et-Garonne
Rugby union players from Occitania (administrative region)
ASM Clermont Auvergne players
Stade Rochelais players
Section Paloise players
French expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate rugby union players in England
French expatriate rugby union players


Bar-Giora () was a Jewish militia of the Second Aliyah, the precursor of Hashomer.

History

Bar Giora's founder, Israel Shochat made his Aliyah to Ottoman Syria (later Palestine) in 1904. He already had experience of underground militias during the Tzarist pogroms and on his arrival he came under the influence of Michael Halperin, attracted by his talk of an army of Jewish fighters. Shochat established a small group of loyal followers and in 1906 launched the local branch of Poale Zion with about 60 members. In 1907 Yitzhak Ben-Zvi arrived from Poltava; as leader of Russian Poale Zion he had been on the run from the secret police for a year. Shochat and Ben-Zvi travelled together to the 8th World Zionist Congress in The Hague and on their return established the first incarnation of Bar Giora.

On September 28, 1907, a group met in Ben-Zvi's Jaffa room: Israel Shochat, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Alexander Zeid, Mendel Portugali, Israel Giladi, Yehezkel Hankin, Yehezkel Nissanov and Moshe Givoni. They swore themselves to absolute secrecy - on pain of death ("death by snake bite" i.e. sudden execution) - and absolute allegiance to their leader, Israel Shochat. The name was chosen after Simon Bar Giora, one of the leaders of the Jewish Revolt against the Romans. As a motto, they chose a line from Yaakov Cohen's poem, Habiryonim: "In fire and blood did Judea fall; in blood and fire Judea shall rise."

The group's objective was to create an underground army, preparing for armed insurrection and the creation of a Jewish state. Their tactics were to act as a command cell and organise groups that could be manipulated towards the ultimate objective. They would focus on replacing Arab guards in the remote colonies in Upper Galilee and set up their own outposts. A team of shepherds was to undertake a detailed survey of the land. In October 1907, Shochat led an expanded group to Sejera leaving Ben-Zvi in Jaffa as their man inside Poale Zion.

When Hashomer was formed on April 12, 1909, the Bar-Giora was absorbed into it.
David Ben Gurion was not included and this influenced his dealings with Hashomer.

See also
 Hashomer Museum
 Kfar Giladi

References

External links
 A brief history

Zionist organizations
Militant Zionist groups
Organizations established in 1907
Organizations disestablished in 1909
1907 establishments in Ottoman Syria
1909 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
Zionism in Ottoman Palestine


Nikša Kaleb (born 9 March 1973) is a retired Croatian handball player. He is World champion from 2003 with the Croatian national team, and Olympic champion from 2004. He received a silver medal at the 2005 World Championship, and a silver medal at the 2008 European Championship.

Career
Kaleb spent most of his career playing for his hometown club RK Metković. He retired from handball in 2008.

Honours
Metković
Croatian First A League
Winner (0): 1999-00 (Revoked)
Runner-up (6): 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04
Croatian First B League
Winner (1): 1993-94
Croatian Handball Cup
Winner (2): 2001, 2002
Runner-up (1): 2004
EHF Cup
Winner (1): 2000
Runner-up (1): 2001

Zagreb
Croatian First League
Winner (4): 2004-05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007-08
Croatian Handball Cup
Winner (4): 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
EHF Cup
Runner-up (1): 2005

Individual
Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport - 2004

Orders
 Order of Danica Hrvatska with face of Franjo Bučar - 2004

References

1973 births
Living people
Croatian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Croatia
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Croatia in handball
Sportspeople from Metković
RK Zagreb players
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
20th-century Croatian people


WBHU (105.5 FM, "Beach 105.5") is a radio station broadcasting an adult hits format. Previously, it aired an oldies music format as part of the True Oldies Channel network. Other previous formats included hot country (as WJQR), rhythmic oldies and smooth jazz.

Licensed to St. Augustine Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves the Jacksonville, Florida, area.  The station is currently owned by James Martin, through licensee Flagler Broadcasting, LLC.

History
WJQR signed on as "Hot Country 105.5 WJQR" with Jacksonville personality and former WZAZ station owner Mark Majors as morning host. The rest of the day was automated with the Hot Country radio service. At the time, WJQR was owned by Ken & Eileen Stein along with its co-owned sister station WAOC (1420 AM).

Both stations were sold in 1999 with the FM station switching from modern country to Groovin' Oldies with the WYGV call sign. WYGV simulcast with its new sister station WXGV (105.3 FM) in Fernandina Beach, Florida.

On March 21, 2003, the callsign was changed again to WSJF as both stations flipped to a smooth jazz format.

WSJF's smooth jazz format lasted until 2008 and then had several formats between 2008 and 2011: rhythmic AC, oldies, talk, Spanish tropical and adult alternative.

On May 16, 2011, WSJF changed callsigns to WYRE-FM and introduced a hot adult contemporary format, branded as "The Wire". On September 30, 2014, WYRE-FM changed its call letters to WALE; on October 2, it shifted to adult rock, branded as "105.5 The Whale". On November 4, 2014, WALE dropped the "105.5 The Whale" branding and became "105.5 WALE", before relaunching as "Beach 105.5". Flagler Broadcasting, which purchased the station for $400,000, changed the station's callsign from WALE to WBHU to match this branding on December 22, 2014; the company already uses the "Beach" branding on WBHQ (92.7 FM) in Beverly Beach.

References

External links
WBHU's website
WJQR's old website on the Wayback Machine

BHU
1995 establishments in Florida
Radio stations established in 1995
Adult hits radio stations in the United States


KWEI may refer to:

KKOO (AM), a radio station (1260 AM) licensed to Weiser, Idaho, United States, which held the call sign KWEI from 2014 to 2018
KTRP (AM), a radio station (1450 AM) licensed to Notus, Idaho, United States, known as KWEI from 2011 to 2014
KLXI, a radio station (99.5 FM) licensed to Fruitland, Idaho, United States, known as KWEI-FM from 1983 to 2011

See also
Gui (disambiguation) (Kwei is a common non-standard romanization of Gui)


The Ozark Highlands AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in southern Missouri in the Ozark Mountains.  The appellation includes land from just east of Jefferson City in the north to the Eleven Point River in the south, including parts of Phelps, Maries, Osage, Gasconade, Franklin, Crawford, Shannon, Dent, Texas, Reynolds, and Pulaski counties.  The AVA was established in 1987.
Contained entirely within the larger Ozark Mountain AVA, the area is drier than other parts of the state, but the soil of sandy loam and clay retains moisture well.  The first grapevines in the Ozark Highlands were planted by Italian immigrants. All variety of grapes are grown in the area, including Vitis vinifera, Vitis labrusca, and French hybrids.

See also
St. James Winery

References

External links
 Meramec River Wine Trail

American Viticultural Areas
Italian-American culture in Missouri
Missouri wine
1987 establishments in Missouri


Gozzo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michael Gozzo, American Track and Field Athlete
Conrad Gozzo, American trumpeter
Mauro Gozzo, American baseball player

See also
Gozo


In solid state physics the Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory (RWH) explains the mechanism by which differential negative resistance is developed in a bulk solid state semiconductor material when a voltage is applied to the terminals of the sample.  It is the theory behind the operation of the Gunn diode as well as several other microwave semiconductor devices, which are used practically in electronic oscillators to produce microwave power.  It is named for British physicists Brian Ridley, Tom Watkins and Cyril Hilsum who wrote theoretical papers on the effect in 1961.

Negative resistance oscillations in bulk semiconductors had been observed in the laboratory by J. B. Gunn in 1962, and were thus named the "Gunn effect", but physicist Herbert Kroemer pointed out in 1964 that Gunn's observations could be explained by the RWH theory.

In essence, RWH mechanism is the transfer of conduction electrons in a semiconductor from a high mobility valley to lower-mobility, higher-energy satellite valleys. This phenomenon can only be observed in materials that have such energy band structures.

Normally, in a conductor, increasing electric field causes higher charge carrier (usually electron) speeds and results in higher current consistent with Ohm's law. In a multi-valley semiconductor, though, higher energy may push the carriers into a higher energy state where they actually have higher effective mass and thus slow down. In effect, carrier velocities and current drop as the voltage is increased. While this transfer occurs, the material exhibits a decrease in current – that is, a negative differential resistance.  At higher voltages, the normal increase of current with voltage relation resumes once the bulk of the carriers are kicked into the higher energy-mass valley.  Therefore the negative resistance only occurs over a limited range of voltages.

Of the type of semiconducting materials satisfying these conditions, gallium arsenide (GaAs) is the most widely understood and used. However RWH mechanisms can also be observed in indium phosphide (InP), cadmium telluride (CdTe), zinc selenide (ZnSe) and indium arsenide (InAs) under hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure.

See also
 Gunn diode

References

Other sources

Electronic engineering

de:Gunn-Effekt


Arnaldo Edi Lopes da Silva (born 7 July 1982), known as Edinho, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Over 11 seasons, he appeared in 185 Primeira Liga matches and scored a total of 49 goals for Braga (two spells), Paços de Ferreira, Vitória de Setúbal (twice) Marítimo, Académica and Feirense. He also played professionally in Greece, Spain and Turkey.

Edinho won six caps for Portugal in five years.

Club career
Edinho was born in Aveiro, of Guinea-Bissauan descent. After making his professional debut with S.C. Braga, and playing there without much impact, he served two loans from 2005 to 2007; in the second, he scored six goals for Gil Vicente F.C. in the second division.

Edinho was released by Braga prior to the start of the 2007–08 season, joining Vitória F.C. in the Primeira Liga. In January 2008, he was loaned to AEK Athens F.C. in Greece; not an undisputed starter at the former, he put up impressive performances for the latter in his first months, managing to net in five straight games, against Skoda Xanthi F.C. at home (3–0), at OFI Crete FC (1–4), at home against Aris Thessaloniki FC (1–1) and away against Apollon Kalamarias FC (0–1), topping it with another in the 4–0 rout of arch-rivals Olympiacos FC.

On 6 May 2008, the move to AEK was made permanent in a €500,000 deal and Edinho started the new campaign in fashion, scoring once and winning a penalty kick against Panathinaikos F.C. in a 2–1 home win, in the first derby of the year.

Edinho signed with Málaga CF on 17 July 2009, for €900,000. After being irregularly used in the first half of the season, he was loaned for five months to PAOK FC in a return to Greece, with an option to make the move permanent for €1.2 million at its closure. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 victory at Olympiacos, but returned to Andalusia in June 2010.

In December 2010, shortly after the arrival of manager Manuel Pellegrini, Edinho was deemed surplus to requirements at the La Liga side, alongside five other players, but finally stayed at the club. However, on 31 January of the following year, he was loaned to C.S. Marítimo in his country until the end of the season.

On 29 January 2012, without having made a single official appearance for Málaga during 2011–12, Edinho returned to Portugal with Académica de Coimbra having an option to make his loan signing permanent at the end of the campaign. He made his league debut on 13 February, playing 54 minutes as a substitute in a 0–2 home loss against Gil Vicente.

On 21 May 2013, Edinho signed a two-year contract with former club Braga. Again rarely played at the Estádio Municipal de Braga, he took his game to Turkey, where he represented Kayseri Erciyesspor (Süper Lig) and Şanlıurfaspor (TFF First League); he scored 11 goals in his first full season with the former, having previously been named their Player of the Year.

The 34-year-old Edinho returned to his country on 22 August 2016, joining Vitória de Setúbal on a two-year deal. He netted eight times in his debut campaign, helping to a 12th-place finish.

Edinho scored all of his team's goals in a 4–1 away win over C.D. Aves on 29 March 2018. In the ensuing summer, he signed a one-year deal with C.D. Feirense.

International career
In late March 2009, Edinho was called up by Portugal coach Carlos Queiroz for an important 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Sweden and the subsequent friendly with South Africa. He made his debut in the latter in a 2–0 win in Lausanne, Switzerland: after a missed chance early in the second half, he made up in the ensuing corner kick by Deco in the 55th minute, charging into the area to close the scoresheet.

In March 2014, more than four years after his last international, Edinho was selected by manager Paulo Bento for a friendly against Cameroon. He played the second 45 minutes in the match in Leiria, contributing one goal to the 5–1 victory.

Career statistics

Club

International goals

|}

Honours
Vitória Setúbal
Taça da Liga: 2007–08; runner-up 2017–18

AEK
Greek Football Cup runner-up: 2008–09

Académica
Taça de Portugal: 2011–12
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira runner-up: 2012

Torreense
Liga 3: 2021–22

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
People from Aveiro, Portugal
Portuguese sportspeople of Bissau-Guinean descent
Black Portuguese sportspeople
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Aveiro District
Men's association football forwards
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
F.C. Barreirense players
S.C. Braga B players
S.C. Braga players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
Vitória F.C. players
C.S. Marítimo players
Académica de Coimbra (football) players
C.D. Feirense players
C.D. Cova da Piedade players
S.C.U. Torreense players
Super League Greece players
AEK Athens F.C. players
PAOK FC players
La Liga players
Málaga CF players
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
Şanlıurfaspor footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portugal men's international footballers
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Turkey


Roderick "Roddy" Lee (born 19 October 1949), also known as Lee Chung-ping, is an American school teacher who represented the Republic of China (Taiwan) at the 1972 Munich Olympics.

Lee began running track while a student at El Cerrito High School in El Cerrito, California. As a high school athlete, "I liked the hurdles best," he has said. "It was a little more exciting and the races were a little faster."

Following graduation, Lee attended UC Berkeley where he was a business major and member of the track team. While running for the university, he was approached by a Chinese official to run in the 1970 Asian Games. Lee had dual Chinese (Republic of China)/American citizenship at the time and accepted the offer. He won two silver medals at the games. He also ran for China in the 1972 Olympics.

During his senior year of college, Lee decided to become a track coach. He earned his teaching credentials then coached track at Kennedy High School for ten years, after which he moved to his alma mater, ECHS, where he coached track and golf, taught computer science and P.E., and led its IT team.

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
American male hurdlers
Taiwanese male hurdlers
American sportspeople of Taiwanese descent
Schoolteachers from California
Olympic athletes for Taiwan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games silver medalists for Chinese Taipei
Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games
Haas School of Business alumni
Track and field athletes from California
People from El Cerrito, California
Sportspeople from Contra Costa County, California
El Cerrito High School alumni


Sirius Corporation ltd is a company based in Weybridge, United Kingdom, which provides a range of open-source software services to medium and enterprise level organisations to allow them to maximise their productivity whilst minimising their risk. Sirius provide network and infrastructure deployment, application development and technical support.

Open Source is a model being utilised by many in place of proprietary software. Wikipedia is an example of a project based on the philosophy of open source.

Sirius provide a full Enterprise Stack which can include, but is not limited to, products such as Asterisk (VoIP), JBoss (application server), Apache (web server), Squid (proxy), OGo/Scalix (groupware), Sendmail/Cyrus (email), Samba/CUPS (file & print), OpenLDAP (directory server), PostgreSQL (database), PostGIS (geographic information systems) and Linux (operating system).

Mark Taylor founded Sirius Corporation in 1998.

Sirius have worked with household brands including PepsiCo, BOC, Three, Sony Ericsson, Axa and Specsavers.

In 2008, Sirius was among 12 software suppliers to have been awarded places on the £80m Software for Educational Institutions Framework (SEIF) agreement and in 2009 .

In 2009, Sirius working in partnership with the North West Learning Grid and were awarded a Highly Commended for their work on the NDRB (National Digital Resource Bank) at the e-Government National Awards.

References

The Register Becta green lights open source software in schools, at last
SourceWire Welsh Government Agency demonstrates Open Source best practice
Public Technology.net Open Source web filtering used by 200,000 Yorkshire school children
ZDNet Welsh schools adopt open source email
vnunet.com Vendors build open source groupware alliance
ZDNet Open-source firm accredited for schools

External links

Companies based in Surrey
Companies established in 1998
Free software companies


Scott Rothbort (born 1961 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American investor, businessperson, and professor.

Investor
Often called "The Finance Professor", Rothbort is currently the president and manager of LakeView Asset Management, has over 20 years of experience in the financial services industry. He is the founder and president of LakeView Asset Management, a registered investment advisor specializing in customized individually managed separate accounts, including proprietary long/short strategies to its high-net-worth clientele. While managing the equity swap business for Merrill Lynch, Rothbort developed marketed and transacted swap and financing based investment products primarily targeted to hedge funds and high-net-worth individuals. He was a key participant in Merrill's successful global effort in 1998–1999 to reduce exposure to hedge fund industry leverage and credit risks in response to the global credit and long-term capital management crises. Prior to working at Merrill Lynch, within the financial services industry he worked for County Nat West Securities and Morgan Stanley, where he had international assignments in Tokyo, Hong Kong, and London.

Seton Hall Professor
Rothbort was a professor of finance at Seton Hall University’s Stillman School of Business, where he was also the chief market strategist for the Stillman School of Business, co-supervisor of the Center for Securities Trading and Analysis, and former adviser to the student financial newspaper, The Stillman Exchange. He was associated with the university from 2002 to 2019.

Contributor
Rothbort has been a contributor to MarketWatch's Trading Deck, TheStreet.com’s Real Money and Seeking Alpha websites and appears as a professional guest on Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Television, Fox Business Network, CNBC Television, TheStreet.com TV and the Forbes.com video network. In addition he is widely quoted in interviews in the printed press and on the internet.

Personal
Rothbort received an M.B.A., majoring in finance and international business from the Stern School of Business, New York University, in 1992, and a B.S. in economics, majoring in accounting, from the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, in 1982. Rothbort is married and has five children. He is active in many charitable activities including Morry's Camp.

References

External links

The Finance Professor - Street.com

1961 births
Living people
American investors
Seton Hall University faculty
New York University Stern School of Business alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni


This is a list of equipment used by the Serbian Armed Forces.

Current equipment

Firearms

Protective gear

Armoured vehicles

Unarmoured vehicles

Artillery

Anti-armour

Aircraft

Air defence

Radars

River vessels

Modernization projects

References

Sources

External links

Serbian Army
Military equipment of Serbia
Serbian Armed Forces


A teacher is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue.

Teacher or The Teacher may also refer to:

Film and television
 The Teacher (1974 film), an American film directed by Hickmet Avedis
 The Teacher (1977 film), a Cuban film directed by Octavio Cortázar
 "Teacher" (Fullmetal Alchemist), a 2004 television episode
 A Teacher, a 2013 American film directed by Hannah Fidell
 The Teacher (2016 film), a Slovak-Czech film directed by Jan Hřebejk
 The Teacher (2017 film), a French film directed by Olivier Ayache-Vidal
 A Teacher (miniseries), a 2020 TV series based on the 2013 film
 The Teacher (2022 TV series), British TV miniseries starring Sheridan Smith
 The Teacher (2022 film), a 2022 Malayalam-language Indian film
 The Teacher (2023 film), a 2023 British-Qatari-Palestinian film

Music
 "Teacher" (Jethro Tull song), 1970
 "Teacher" (Nick Jonas song), 2014
 "The Teacher" (song), a 1986 song by Big Country
 "The Teacher", a 1982 song by Magnum from Chase the Dragon
 "The Teacher", a 1999 song by Super Furry Animals from Guerrilla
 "The Teacher", a 2001 song by Paul Simon from You're the One
 "The Teacher", a 2023 song by Foo Fighters from But Here We Are

People with the surname
 Brian Teacher (born 1954), American tennis player
 Kaumudi Teacher (1917–2009), Indian freedom activist

Other uses
 Teacher (Latter Day Saints), an office in the Aaronic priesthood
 Teacher (role variant), in the Keirsey Temperament Sorter personality questionnaire
 Teacher's Highland Cream, a blended Scotch whisky
 A Teacher Partylist, a party-list in Philippine politics
 Qoheleth, or Teacher, subject of the Old Testament book Ecclesiastes
 Sir Leigh Teabing, or the Teacher, a fictional character in The Da Vinci Code
 The Teacher, an antagonist in Little Nightmares II

See also

 Teachers (disambiguation)
 Titser (disambiguation)
 Guru, Sanskrit term for teacher, guide, expert, or master
 Paraprofessional educator, a teaching-related position
 Professor, an academic rank
 Rabbi, a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism
 Tutor, a person who provides assistance on certain subject areas or skills


Greg Pursley (born January 4, 1968) is an American professional stock car racing driver. The 2011 and 2014 champion of the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, he drives for Gene Price Motorsports.

Career
Pursley won the NASCAR Weekly Series national championship in 2004. Driving an asphalt Super Late Model for owner Dave Hays, Pursley won 13 of the 18 races that he entered at Irwindale Speedway in California.

Pursely has competed in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series on a limited basis, but primarily competes in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, winning the 2011 championship, and also again in 2014, and scoring 18 wins in the series since his debut in 1999.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Busch Series

Camping World Truck Series

K&N Pro Series West

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

References

External links

Living people
1968 births
Sportspeople from Santa Clarita, California
Racing drivers from California
NASCAR drivers
People from Newhall, Santa Clarita, California


Julien Brugnaut (born 17 November 1981) is a French former rugby union prop.

He was called up to the France squad for the 2008 Six Nations Championship. It was in this tournament that he made his France debut against Scotland on 3 February 2008 at Murrayfield.

References

External links
RBS 6 Nations profile
Munster Profile

French rugby union players
1981 births
Living people
Rugby union props
France international rugby union players
Montpellier Hérault Rugby players
Munster Rugby players
Racing 92 players
Sportspeople from Lille
Expatriate rugby union players in Ireland
French expatriate sportspeople in Ireland
French expatriate rugby union players
US Dax players
CA Brive players
CA Bordeaux-Bègles Gironde players


Colin Hoyle (born 15 January 1972) is an English former professional footballer.

He started out at Arsenal, but never made a first-team appearance. After a loan spell at Chesterfield, he played for Barnsley, Bradford City, Notts County, Mansfield Town (loan), King's Lynn, Boston United, Burton Albion, Nuneaton Borough (loan), Halifax Town, Burton Albion (loan), Dagenham & Redbridge (loan), Burton Albion (loan), Burton Albion, Worcester City, Ilkeston Town and Gresley Rovers. He now is the assistant manager and 1st team coach at non-league Mickleover Sports.

External links

1972 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
King's Lynn F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
Burton Albion F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
Ilkeston Town F.C. (1945) players
Gresley Rovers F.C. players
Footballers from Derby
Men's association football defenders


Drago Vuković (born 3 August 1983), is a former Croatian handball player. He is Olympic champion from 2004 with the Croatian national team, and he received a silver medal at the 2008 and 2010 European championships, and bronze medals at the 2012 Olympics, the 2013 World Championships and 2012 European Championships. He is the twin brother of the football player, the goalkeeper of RNK Split, Andrija Vuković.

After his club Gummersbach failed to retain Handball-Bundesliga position, Vuković decided to retire.

Honours
Zagreb
Croatian First League (4): 2002-03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005-06
Handball Cup (4): 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006

Gummersbach
EHF Cup (1): 2009
EHF Cup Winner's Cup (2): 2010, 2011

Berlin
IHF Super Globe (1): 2016
EHF Cup: 2017-18

References

External links
 Statistics

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Split, Croatia
Croatian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Croatia
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Croatia in handball
Olympic bronze medalists for Croatia in handball
Olympic medalists in handball
RK Zagreb players
Croatian twins
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Croatia
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in handball
Expatriate handball players
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Germany


The A-3 lifeboat was an airborne lifeboat developed by the EDO Corporation in 1947 for the United States Air Force (USAF) as a successor to the Higgins Industries A-1 lifeboat. The A-3 lifeboat was a key element of "Dumbo" rescue flights of the 1950s.

Specifications

EDO built the lifeboat of aluminum alloy to be carried by the SB-29 Super Dumbo performing air-sea rescue duties during the Korean War. Approximately 100 of these lifeboats were built—their serial numbers began at 501 and continued in sequence.

The A-3 lifeboat was  long and it weighed  when fully loaded and ready for attachment to the aircraft. The A-3 lifeboat could rescue 15 people. It was powered by a four-cylinder four-stroke Meteor 20 gasoline engine made by the Red Wing Motor Company. With an Ailsa Craig propeller it was expected to give a speed of  under calm water conditions. Nearly  of fuel were on board. The airborne lifeboat was dropped from the SB-29 on a single  parachute. Like previous airborne lifeboat designs, it was self-righting. The boat had a boarding ladder, and carried food and water for the rescued people.

In March 1951, Time magazine reported that the USAF was testing a radio controlled steering device for the A-3 lifeboat. After the boat dropped into the sea, a radio operator aboard the rescue aircraft would start the lifeboat's engine remotely, then direct the boat toward the survivors to make it easier for them to reach. After climbing aboard, the survivors could talk to the circling aircraft by two-way radio. A gyrocompass aboard the lifeboat would be set toward the nearest safe land, and the supply of fuel would allow for  of range, with further range possible if additional water, food and fuel supplies were dropped along the way. The USAF expected all their A-3 lifeboats to be equipped with radio control by early 1952.

World War II and Korean War
After World War II, sixteen Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers were converted to carry the lifeboat and assigned rescue duty on a rotating basis, designated SB-29 in a role called "Super Dumbo". The first SB-29s were received by the Air Rescue Service in February 1947. They served in the Korean War where A-3 lifeboats were carried by Super Dumbos over the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan.

From the beginning of the Korean War, the A-3 lifeboat was kept shackled underneath an SB-29 waiting in constant readiness on the ground at each rescue airbase. Inside of the aircraft, however rainwater could enter the boat and pool within an open end of the deployment parachute's bag. After one air drop which failed because of water that had frozen at high altitude, trapping the parachute, the A-3 lifeboat was stored disconnected from the aircraft and with a rain cover in place.

Later in the Korean War, the USAF worked on improving the A-3 with a butterfly fin to stabilize the boat till the parachute opened, a full cover, enabling the drop aircraft to start the lifeboat's motor and steer it to the location of persons in the water, and other improvements. Whether any of these improved A-3s were built beyond the prototype and saw active use is unknown.

Survivors
Lifeboat number 603 has been restored by the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.

Lifeboat SN Unknown is displayed at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.

References

Lifeboats
Rescue equipment


The Ozark Mountain AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma.  The sixth largest American Viticultural Area in total size, Ozark Mountain AVA covers .  Four smaller AVAs have been established within its boundaries, to recognize those distinct regions whose climate, vineyard soil, or other growing conditions create unique areas for viticulture. The hardiness zone in the region varies from 6a to 7b.

References

External links
 Ozark Mountain Wine Trail

American Viticultural Areas
Arkansas wine
Missouri wine
Oklahoma wine
1986 establishments in Oklahoma
1986 establishments in Missouri
1986 establishments in Arkansas