Robert Tofte (bap. 1562 – d. Jan. 1620) was an English translator and poet. He is known for his translations of Ariosto's Satires and his sonnet sequences Alba, The Months Minde of a Melancholy Lover (1598) and Laura, The Toyes of a Traveller: Or, The Feast of Fancie (1597). He also authored a partial translation of Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato and was possibly responsible for the popular and anonymous Batchelar's Banquet (1603) as well. Tofte is perhaps most famous for his incidental reference to Love's Labour's Lost in Alba, the first mention of that Shakespeare play in print.

Life
Born the son of a fishmonger, Tofte eventually moved in aristocratic and literary circles and invariably presented himself as "R.T. Gentleman" on the title pages of his published works. He studied at Oxford beginning in 1582 and travelled in France and Italy between 1591 and 1594, where he perfected his Italian and French and possibly met Samuel Daniel and Giovanni Battista Guarini. His reference to Love's Labour's Lost demonstrates his familiarity with Shakespeare. Though no student of law, Tofte kept his lodgings in Holborn near London's Inns of Court, societies that included Edmund Spenser, John Harington, and John Marston as members.

He was known familiarly among his friends as "Robin Redbreast," and his works contain frequent allusions to this nickname. Tofte's work also reveals an interest in The Woman Question, and some critics have labelled him a misogynist on account of the works he chose to translate.

Tofte died in the house of a Mrs. Goodall in Holborn in January 1620, and was buried on 24 January in the church of St. Andrew, Holborn. In his lengthy will, one sees both a wealthy aristocrat and a penitent Protestant believer.

Critical appraisal
Generations of critics have repeatedly characterised Tofte as a "minor Elizabethan," but he added productively to the cultures of literary translation and continental interest in Renaissance England.

Although Tofte's original poetry lacks the brilliance of his contemporaries, his translations are remarkable in their imagination, their sophistication, and their fidelity. Rather than literally conveying the content of the text or imposing a moralistic interpretation of his own, he often enhances and enriches it in a way that qualifies his misogynistic reputation. Tofte's efforts to "English" works from both French and Italian also demonstrate a critical and undervalued aspect of literary translation: exercise in language-learning.

Works

Original works

Laura. The Toyes of a Traueller. Or, The Feast of Fancie. London: Valentine Sims, 1597.
Dedicated Lady Lucy Percy, this book consists of a collection of short poems "most parte conceiued in Italie, and some of them brought foorth in England." It also contains more than thirty sonnets stated in "A Frends iust excuse" to be by another hand, though they are stylistically indistinguishable from the others. The collection borrows its title directly from the beloved lady of Petrarch. Laura was edited by Jeffrey Nelson and republished in his The Poetry of Robert Tofte 1597–1620 (1994).

Alba. The Months Minde of a Melancholy Louer, divided into three parts. London: Felix Kingston for Matthew Lownes, 1598.
It is dedicated to Mistress Anne Herne, but the true "Laura" or "Alba" (Tofte's muse) appears to have been a lady of the name Caryll. This work includes the first reference to William Shakespeare's play Love's Labour's Lost in print: "LOVES LABOURS LOST, I once did see a Play, / Ycleped so, so called to my paine" (third part, stanza 81). Alba was edited and republished by Alexander Balloch Grosart in 1880. It is also included in Nelson's Poetry of Robert Tofte.

"Three Elegies"
Appended to the 1611 edition of Ariosto's Satires. No such elegies by Ariosto exist, and the attribution may be a publisher's error. Though they could be based on Italian originals, these elegies are likely Tofte's compositions, and contain the "laments of three unsuccessful lovers."

"The Fruits of Jealousie: or, A Loue (but not louing) Letter."
Appended to Tofte's translation of Benedetto Varchi's Blazon of Jealousie (1615). In the poem, the speaker complains about his ungrateful beloved's disdain for the many gifts, trinkets, and foods he offers her. He sings the refrain that he is forced to wear the "Willow Garland."

Translations

Two Tales Translated out of Ariosto. The one in dispraise of Men, the other in disgrace of Women. London: Valentine Sims, 1597.
This was the first of Tofte's published translations from the Italian. Both episodes derive from Canto XLIII of Orlando Furioso (stanzas 11 and 73) and both were composed in Italy. Tofte supplies the first line of each passage in the Italian original. The book survives in a unique copy at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC.

Orlando Innamorato. The three first Bookes of that famous noble Gentleman and learned Poet Mathew Maria Boiardo. London: Valentine Sims, 1598.
The popularity of Orlando Furioso probably drew Tofte to the Boiardo poem that inspired Ariosto. Despite the title page, Tofte translates not the first three books of the Innamorato, but rather the first three cantos of the first book. Tofte maintains the centrality of the theme of love in the poem and even accentuates the eroticism in Boiardo's original. It was dedicated to Lady Margaret, wife of Sir John Morgan of Chilworth, Surrey.

Of Mariage and Wiuing. An excellent, pleasant, and Philosophicall Controuersie, betweene the famous Tassi now liuing, the one Hercules the Philosopher, the other Torquato the Poet. London: Thomas Creede for John Smythicke, 1599.
In this work, "The Declamation ... against Marriage or wedding of a Wife" is by Ercole Tasso, and the "Defence" is by Torquato Tasso. Of all Tofte's books, this was the most controversial. Less than three months after it was entered into the Stationers' Register, it was burned by the Bishops of London and Canterbury on 4 June 1599 in an act now known as the Bishops' Ban of 1599. The bishops labelled the work as "the booke againste woemen," probably for the exaggerated misogyny in Ercole's declamation.

Ariosto's Satyres, in seuen famous Discourses... London: Nicholas Okes for Roger Jackson, 1608.
Though the title page of this book indicates Gervase Markham as author, Tofte would later claim it three times in his translation of The Blazon of Jealousie. According to surviving evidence, these claims were never disputed, and moreover, the book was reissued by the same publisher in 1611 with Markham's name removed. The ascription to Markham could either be fraud on the part of the publisher Roger Jackson or could indicate a lost or stolen manuscript The fourth satire on the subject of marriage perhaps attracted Tofte's interest most; as a whole, the book delivers an autobiographical picture of an author who interested many English readers.

Honours Academie. Or the Famous Pastorall of the faire Shepheardesse, Julietta. Translated from the French original by Nicolas de Montreux. London: Thomas Creede, 1610.
This work of over 350 folio pages was attributed to Gervase Markham in the Stationer's Register, but was properly assigned to Tofte in print. The book is dedicated to Lady Anne Herne, who had already received commendatory poems from the author in Alba. An interminable romance, it is nevertheless faithful to Montreux's original Cinquiesme et Dernier Liure des Bergeries de Iulliette (Paris, 1598). The verse is cumbersome. Lacking patience to read it in its entirety, Alexander B. Grosart declared, "it beat me." However, others have suggested it influenced Shakespeare's The Tempest.

The Blazon of Jealousie. Translated from the Italian original by Benedetto Varchi. London: Thomas Snodham for John Busbie, 1615.
This last publication by Tofte is perhaps most interesting for its discursive annotations, which often dominate the text of Varchi's lecture on jealousy (Tofte used the Mantuan edition of 1545). They recall the extensive notes on the earlier Ariosto's Satyres, and may anticipate the modern footnote. Tofte's translation supplies full translations of ten sonnets and canzoni by Petrarch, and comments on George Turbervile and George Gascoigne. Robert Burton found Tofte's translation of the Blazon extremely useful for quotations as he composed The Anatomy of Melancholy

Unpublished and doubtful works

A Discourse of the fiue laste Popes of Rome... Unpublished manuscript, 1598.
Tofte's unpublished manuscript contains a survey of the recent papacy and is based on an account by Bartolomeo Platina published in 1594. It also contains a history of "that famous Pilgrimage of our Ladie of Loreto" and a chronicle of all living cardinals. It is held in the collections at Lambeth Palace today, although Robert Melzi has completed a modern transcription of the work. Strangely, the manuscript was dedicated to Richard Bancroft, the church authority who would burn Tofte's Of Mariage and Wiuing a year later.

The Batchelar's Banquet, or a Banquet for Batchelars. London: Thomas Creede for Thomas Pavier, 1603.
This book saw great demand, and was printed at least three more times before the end of the seventeenth century. Its lively speech, misogynistic content, and its black-letter typeface seem to recall Of Mariage and Wiuing. Indeed, F.P. Wilson suggested that this anonymous translation of the French Les Quinze Joyes de Mariage might belong among Tofte's works, though "the evidence is too slight to assign the work to his pen."  It remains uncertain whether or not it belongs to Tofte.

References

 Franklin B. Williams, Jr., 'Robert Tofte an Oxford Man' Review of English Studies 6.22 (1950): 177–79.
 Franklin B. Williams, Jr., 'Robert Tofte, Review of English Studies 13.51 (1937): 282–296; 404–24.
 Selene Scarsi, Translating Women in Early Modern England, 2010.
 Alexander Balloch Grosart, Introduction to his edition of Tofte's Alba, 1880.
 Jeffrey N. Nelson, The Poetry of Robert Tofte 1597–1620: A Critical Old-Spelling Edition, 1994.
 Edward Arber, ed. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers, 1554–1640. 1875–1894. 5 vols.
 C.A.O. Fox, Notes on William Shakespeare and Robert Tofte. 1957.
Attribution
 Robert Melzi, ed. Robert Tofte's "Discourse" to the Bishop of London.'' 1989.

External links

Robert Viking O'Brien's article on Laura from Appositions.

English translators
16th-century English poets
17th-century English poets
17th-century English male writers
1562 births
1620 deaths
Sonneteers
16th-century translators
17th-century translators
Italian–English translators
French–English translators
English male poets


Box, Inc. (formerly Box.net) is a public company based in Redwood City, California. It develops and markets cloud-based content management, collaboration, and file sharing tools for businesses. Box was founded in 2005 by Aaron Levie and Dylan Smith. Initially, it focused on consumers, but around 2009 and 2010 Box pivoted to focus on business users. The company raised about $500 million over numerous funding rounds, before going public in 2015. Its software allows users to store and manage files in an online folder system accessible from any device. Users can then comment on the files, share them, apply workflows, and implement security and governance policies.

History
The idea for Box.com started in 2003 with Aaron Levie, who was a business student at University of Southern California. He wrote a paper for school on the industry for storing digital files online and started developing the Box service in 2004. In 2005, Levie dropped out of school to work on Box full-time with long-time friend and cofounder Dylan Smith. Initially, the software was developed in the attic of Smith's parents' house, then in a garage owned by Levie's uncle that had been converted into a living space. Levie and Smith were joined by cofounders Jeff Queisser and Sam Ghods. The founders relied on their own money as well as support from friends and family members, until Mark Cuban invested $350,000 in seed funding in 2005.

The Box service was released in 2005. In the first year after its release, the company's revenue was in the tens of thousands of dollars. It raised $1.5 million in series A funding in 2006 and $6 million in Series B funding in 2008. Box's revenues grew 500% from 2008 to 2009. By 2010, the company had raised $29.5 million in funding and the service had four million users.

Box was initially focused on consumers, but many of those consumers used the service at work. Box pivoted to focus on business users around 2009 and 2010. The company developed features to embed Box in common business applications or use APIs to integrate with them. In 2009, it acquired Increo Solutions, which developed software for previewing and collaborating on digital files. In 2011, a reworked version of the Box service was released with technical improvements designed for handling large numbers of business users, changes to the user interface, and more collaboration features. The company started developing its first industry-specific features for heavily regulated industries in 2012, when it introduced tools for HIPAA compliance at healthcare organizations.

Box also expanded internationally, with offices in London, Berlin, and Tokyo, among other locations. In 2011, the company raised $48 million in funding to support its data centers. This was followed by an additional $125 million in funding round the next year, $100 million in 2013, and $150 million in 2014. By 2014, Box had made five acquisitions. These included the 2013 acquisition of Crocodoc, which developed software for opening documents online, and dLoop, which focused on analytics related to digital files. The company also purchased Streem for its technology that synchronizes files between devices and online files.

On January 23, 2015 Box became a public company via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. In November 2014, Box acquired MedXT, which developed medical software, for $3.84 million. The following February, it acquired cloud management service Airpost. Box moved its headquarters to its current location in Redwood City, California in January 2016. In July 2018, Box acquired search engine company Butter.ai. In 2019, hedge fund Starboard Value took a 7.5% stake in the company.

In May 2020, Box announced a new version with improved integration with videotelephony software, as well as a feature called Collections that allows users to customize their personal folder structure, due to the increase in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Box acquired e-signature startup SignRequest for $55 million, in February 2021. In April 2021, Box announced that it had accepted a $500 million investment from KKR, a private equity firm.

Features

Box.com is a cloud-based content management system with collaboration, security, analytics and other features related to files and information. There is a core Box service, then add-ons for different industries and situations. Box is used to manage, share, and collaborate on digital files. As of 2017, there are about 41 million users, constituting 6.5% of the market for software that helps manage, share, and collaborate on digital files.

Box stores files in an online folder system that can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. Often, a copy of the files are also stored on the user's devices, then synchronized with the online version. Users can invite "collaborators" that can upload or modify files or the user can share specific files or folders. Users can also create certain files directly in Box.com and add comments or notes that are visible from the folder system.

Box began as a simple service for storing, sharing, and syncing files among different users and devices, but developed over time into an enterprise product with features for security and compliance. Files on Box are encrypted using TLS encryption. Each user has access to their own documents, as well as to corporate files that the IT department manages. IT staff can also set other access and security policies, get audit information like who accessed what files, and receive alerts for suspicious downloads. Box's open APIs allow it to integrate with common business applications. For example, one integration allows users to save files to their Box.com folders directly from Microsoft applications. The company also provides consulting, support, and other services.

Box held its first annual conference, BoxWorks, in January 2010, initially under the name Altitude. The first conference drew about 300 attendees, but grew to about 3,000 by 2013.

See also
 Comparison of file hosting services
 Comparison of file synchronization software
 Comparison of online backup services

References

External links

 Q&A Interview with Box CEO on CNET

2005 establishments in Washington (state)
American companies established in 2005
Computer-related introductions in 2005
2015 initial public offerings
File sharing services
File hosting for macOS
File hosting for Windows
File sharing
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in Redwood City, California
One-click hosting


The Sookmyung Gayageum Orchestra () is a musical ensemble from South Korea. It was formed in 1999 by music students at Sookmyung Women's University. The ensemble comprises up to 24 gayageum, often accompanied by Korean and Western percussion instruments. The group is often led by a conductor, and its performances sometimes features soloists on instruments such as the haegeum, as well as a cappella groups and breakdance groups such as Last For One.

The group performs music ranging from interpretations of ancient cheongak repertoire, to contemporary compositions by Korean composers, arrangements of Russian, South American, and Japanese folk songs, and arrangements of Beatles songs and Western classical works such as the Pachelbel Canon.

The Sookmyung Gayageum Orchestra has released 12 CDs.

Discography
 2000 - Sookmyung Gayageum Orchestra
 2001 - Gayasong
 2003 - Let it be
 2005 - Oriental Move Of Gayageum
 2006 - Lovely Gayageum
 2006 - For You (Best Collection)
 2007 - Singing & Dancing (Single)
 2007 - Nobody know Tears (Single)
 2011 - Water Garden
 2012 - Sweet yawning
 2012 - Lovely Christmas (EP)
 2017 - Nostalgia

External links
 Official website
 Profile

South Korean orchestras
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in South Korea


Dunny is Australian/New Zealand slang for a toilet.

Dunny may also mean:

 Dunny Goode (1929–2004), head football coach for Eastern New Mexico University
 "Dunny", nickname for Fred Dunlap (1859–1902), 19th century baseball player and manager
 "Dunnies", nickname for the Whitby Dunlops, a Canadian Major League Hockey team
 "Dunny", a toy produced by the company Kidrobot, similar to the Munny

See also
 Dunnie, a character in Anglo-Scottish folklore
 D'ni from the Myst franchise
 Duny, childhood name of the character Ged (Earthsea)


VirusTotal is a website created by the Spanish security company Hispasec Sistemas.  Launched in June 2004, it was acquired by Google in September 2012. The company's ownership switched in January 2018 to Chronicle, a subsidiary of Google.

VirusTotal aggregates many antivirus products and online scan engines called Contributors. In November, 2018, the Cyber National Mission Force, a unit subordinate to the U.S. Cyber Command became a Contributor. The aggregated data from these Contributors allows a user to check for viruses that the user's own antivirus software may have missed, or to verify against any false positives. Files up to 650 MB can be uploaded to the website, or sent via email (max. 32MB). Anti-virus software vendors can receive copies of files that were flagged by other scans but passed by their own engine, to help improve their software and, by extension, VirusTotal's own capability. Users can also scan suspect URLs and search through the VirusTotal dataset. VirusTotal uses the Cuckoo sandbox for dynamic analysis of malware.
VirusTotal was selected by PC World as one of the best 100 products of 2007.

Products and services

Windows Uploader
VirusTotal's Windows Uploader is a discontinued desktop application which integrates into File Explorer's context menu, under Send To > VirusTotal. The application also launches manually for submitting a URL or a program that is currently running in the OS.

VirusTotal stores the name and various hashes for each scanned file. Already scanned files can be identified by their known (e.g., VT default) SHA256 hash without uploading complete files. The SHA256 query URL has the form https://www.virustotal.com/latest-scan/SHA256. File uploads are normally limited to 128 MB. In 2017 VirusTotal discontinued the Windows Uploader, listing the third party VirusTotalUploader program as an alternative.

Uploader for Mac OS X and Linux
The Mac OS X and Linux uploaders are similar to the Windows app. One can upload a file via the app's UI or context menu and will be given back a result. The Mac OS X app can be downloaded from the VirusTotal website. To use the app on Linux, one needs to compile and build the app using the same core used in the Mac OS X application (provided in the repository).

VirusTotal for Browsers
There are several browser extensions available, such as VT4Browsers for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome, and vtExplorer for Internet Explorer. They allow the user to download files directly with VirusTotal's web application prior to storing them in the computer, as well as scanning URLs.

VirusTotal for Mobile
The service also offers an Android app, which employs the public API to search any installed application for VirusTotal's previously scanned ones and show its status. Any application not previously scanned can be submitted, but an API key must be provided and other restrictions to public API usage may apply (see #Public API).

Public API
VirusTotal provides a public API as a free service. It provides automation for some of its online features such as "upload and scan files, submit and scan URLs, access finished scan reports and make automatic comments on URLs and samples". Some restrictions apply for requests made through the public API, such as requiring an individual API key freely obtained by online signing up, low priority scan queue, limited number of requests per time frame, etc.

Antivirus products
Antivirus engines used for detection for uploading files.

Website/domain scanning engines and datasets
Antivirus scanning engines used for URL scanning.

File characterization tools & datasets
Utilities used to provide additional info on uploaded files.

Privacy
Files uploaded to VirusTotal may be shared freely with anti-malware companies and will also be retained in a store. The VirusTotal About Page states under VirusTotal and confidentiality:

Files and URLs sent to VirusTotal will be shared with antivirus vendors and security companies so as to help them in improving their services and products. We do this because we believe it will eventually lead to a safer Internet and better end-user protection.

By default any file/URL submitted to VirusTotal which is detected by at least one scanner is freely sent to all those scanners that do not detect the resource. Additionally, all files and URLs enter a private store that may be accessed by premium (mainly security/antimalware companies/organizations) VirusTotal users so as to improve their security products and services.

References

External links

Antivirus software
Freeware
Google acquisitions
Internet properties established in 2004
2012 mergers and acquisitions


The 4th constituency of the Aisne is a French legislative constituency in the Aisne département.

Description

Aisne's 4th constituency covers the territory around Soissons in the west of the department.

In common with other seats in Aisne the 4th constituency switched from the Gaullist to the Communists in the 1970s and maintained a preference for the left between then and 2017.

Historic representation

Election results

2022

2017

2012

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Marie-Françoise Bechtel
| style="text-align:left;" | Citizen and Republican Movement
| MRC
|
| 23.37%
|
| 53.62%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Letrillart
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 24.31%
|
| 46.38%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Evelyne Ruelle
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 18.70%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Luc Lanouilh
| style="text-align:left;" | Left Front
| FG
|
| 17.31%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Frédéric Alliot
| style="text-align:left;" |
| RDG
|
| 9.50%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Charles-Edouard Lauriston
| style="text-align:left;" | Radical Party
| PRV
|
| 2.07%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Stéphanie Lebee
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| %
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Martine Lehideux
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Right
| EXD
|
| 0.96%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Michelle Sapori
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Right
| DVD
|
| 0.82%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Laetitia Voisin
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.65%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Barbara Knockaert
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.62%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.40%
|
| 3.76%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 55.34%
|
| 53.67%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 44.66%
|
| 46.33%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | MRC GAIN
|}

2007

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jacques Desallangre
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Left
| DVG
|
| 26.17%
|
| 54.58%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Brigitte Thuin-Macherez
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 32.12%
|
| 45.42%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Claire le Flecher
| style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
| PS
|
| 16.24%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Wallerand de Saint Just
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 8.26%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Letrillart
| style="text-align:left;" | Movement for France
| MPF
|
| 5.11%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Yannick Sable
| style="text-align:left;" | Democratic Movement
| MoDem
|
| 4.32%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Dominique Natanson
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 2.24%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Vincent Bocquet
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 1.92%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Laetitia Voisin
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 1.46%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Henri Lienaux
| style="text-align:left;" | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions
| CPNT
|
| 1.26%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Philippe Enguehard
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.84%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Houssens Besbas
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.05%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.61%
|
| 2.46%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 57.82%
|
| 58.76%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 42.18%
|
| 41.24%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | DVG HOLD
|}

References

Sources
 Official results of French elections from 1998:

4


The Orlando Deanery Boychoir and Girls Choir are internationally renowned choirs based in Orlando, Florida. The choirs are open to youth of all religions and backgrounds in grades 3-12.

The Orlando Deanery Boychoir and Girls Choir are founded on European models and affiliated with the Royal School of Church Music in England. This music outreach program of the Cathedral Church of Saint Luke in downtown Orlando serves the community, nation and world. Performances include religious services, civic festivals, opera and symphony, charity concerts, private parties, weddings, conventions, TV commercials and Disney events, often with prominent local orchestras. While creating beautiful music of the highest standards, the choirs develop musicianship, vocal skills, teamwork, responsibility, leadership, courtesy, respect for other cultures, poise, and professionalism.

Tours play an integral part in their musical education, cultural enrichment, and outreach mission. As Cultural Ambassadors of the United States and the City of Orlando, the choirs have toured to Japan, England, Ireland, Wales, Canada, Vienna, Salzburg, Munich, Prague, Washington D.C., New York (and Carnegie Hall three times), Niagara Falls, New England, New Orleans, Florida, the Bahamas, and much of the Southeastern U.S. Tours are funded entirely by fundraising efforts and individual and corporate contributions. The boys and girls also attend Summer Choir Courses of the Royal School of Church Music in America.

The Orlando Deanery Boychoir and Girls Choir were issued a special invitation by First Lady Michele Obama, and performed in the White House in Washington D.C. for a 2-hour concert during the Christmas holidays of 2011. In August 2012, during London's Summer Olympics, they presented an Anglican Heritage Tour as the Choir-in-Residence for one week each at both St. Paul's Cathedral, London, and Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford UK. In 2014, they participated in the inaugural American Music Performance Nationals for Children’s and Youth Choirs in New York City at Carnegie Hall, which was their third trip to sing in Carnegie Hall. They also performed at Saint Thomas Episcopal Church in Manhattan and St Paul's Chapel near Ground Zero. In June 2017 they will be in residence at Washington National Cathedral (D.C.) to sing for three services with members of the Orlando Deanery Men's Choir, and St. Luke's Cathedral Choir and Choristers.

The choir has been under the direction of Canon Benjamin Lane, St. Luke's Cathedral Musician, since 1991.

History
The Boychoir was founded in 1981 by then Cathedral Musician Murray Forbes Somerville. The Girls Choir was founded in 1987.

Recordings
 Glory to the Newborn King (Christmas Carols)
 Prayer for Peace (International Tour selections - Europe)
 Come, Let Us Sing (Classical and modern anthems)
 Angels We Have Heard on High (Carols for Advent and Christmas)
 Lift Thine Eyes (Classical and modern anthems)
 Feel the Spirit (Combined Choirs)
 O Gladsome Light (Classical and modern anthems)
 Evenings in England (Anglican Heritage Tour selections - England)

References

External links
 Cathedral Church of St. Luke
 Deanery Boychoir

Boys' and men's choirs
Musical groups from Orlando, Florida
Musical groups established in 1981
1981 establishments in Florida
Men in the United States


Michael Sellers may refer to:

 Mike Sellers (born 1975), American football fullback
 Michael Sellers (actor) (1954–2006), British actor, author and the son of actor Peter Sellers
 Michael Sellers (cricketer) (born 1952), Australian cricketer


An overspill estate is a housing estate planned and built for the housing of excess population in urban areas, both from the natural increase of population and often in order to rehouse people from decaying inner city areas, usually as part of the process of slum clearance. They were created on the outskirts of most large British towns and during most of the 20th century, with new towns being an alternative approach outside London after World War II. The objective of this was to bring more economic activity to these smaller communities, whilst relieving pressure on overpopulated areas of major cities. The Town Development Act 1952 encouraged the expansion of neighbouring urban areas rather than the creation of satellite communities. The authorities wished to divert people living in poor conditions within highly populous cities to better conditions on the outskirts of these cities. Overspill not only involves moving people to a new area, but requires industry and employment to follow.  Often the industries and resources took longer to migrate than the people, hence there were a number of issues surrounding early overspill projects. Slum clearance tenants often had problems with the move, since it separated them from extended family and friends, needed services were often lacking, and only the better off workers could afford the extra cost of commuting back to their jobs. Another criticism was that the new estates occupied what had been productive agricultural land.

Aims of overspill estates
‘Overspill theory’ aims to simultaneously support suburban growth in less densely populated areas, whilst also reducing congestion within inner city areas. It is a method of urban management which attempts to reduce the amount of “slum dwellers” in inner city areas by moving them to the periphery of the town in question. Overspill estates were intended to be self-sufficient and mostly removed industrially and economically from the capital city from which they were derived. UK authorities did not want overspill estates to become “dormitory towns”, meaning that tenants of the estates would continue to work in the main city, rather than the overspill town. This was due to one of the main reasons behind the construction of overspill estates being the aim to reduce congestion in main cities. Hence, overspill theory intends on achieving a balance between housing and employment within the overspill town.

Improved quality of living and access to amenities were of great importance to the overspill programs throughout the UK. Most tenants of overspill estates were housed there due to their prior residences having insufficient facilities or being classed as “slums”. Due to “slum clearance” programs, new building and building improvements being halted during the war, in the years after World War II, the UK authorities planned to demolish the derelict housing in congested cities. This would allow for people to have access to housing in which they would not have to share amenities or be crowded, as well as better utilise the spaces in congested cities for public development including new offices, housing, schools, shops and other facilities.

After World War II, the construction of overspill estates in existing towns was favoured, compared to further expanding urban sprawl (Cullingworth, 1960). This was to protect the green belt, which attempted to maintain accessibility to countryside areas for those living in the inner city, as well as foster agricultural land.

Overspill estate locations

England

Glossop: Gamesley

Essex: Harold Hill

Handforth: Spath Lane

Hertfordshire: Borehamwood, South Oxhey

Heywood: Darnhill

Hyde: Hattersley

Knutsford: Longridge

Merton: St Helier

Liverpool: Kirkby, Halewood, Huyton, Birkenhead, Knowsley, Poulton, Seacombe, Bootle, Whiston, Runcorn

Manchester: Wythenshawe

Middlesbrough: Thorntree

Middleton: Langley

Milton Keynes (Bletchley): Lakes Estate

Salford: Worsley

Solihull: Chelmsley Wood

Stalybridge: Carrbrook

Suffolk: Haverhill

Swindon: Walcot

Thetford: Abbey Farm

Trafford: Partington

Wellingborough: Hemmingwell

Wilmslow: Colshaw Farm

Whitefield: Hillock

Scotland
Glasgow: Drumchapel, Castlemilk, Easterhouse, Pollok

Overspill populations
Overspill populations in the UK were mainly derived from the highly populated areas of inner-city London, Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester. The official estimated overspill from each area was calculated by county councils and were approximately 680,000 for inner-city London, 118,000 for Birmingham, 124,000 for Liverpool and 31,000 for Manchester. These figures entail the number of people that the local authorities planned to relocate from the major cities into new towns or expanded towns, potentially to live in overspill estates. Considering the loss or damage to approximately 2,000,000 homes or buildings in London alone during the war, the approximately 680,000 residents who made up the difference between the forecasted population and the planned population would need to be re-homed elsewhere. This near 1,000,000 person figure of estimated official overspill populations does not include the estimates of the local councils in other provincial centres of the UK, which make up about 500,000 more residents planned to live in overspill areas.

History

Slum clearance programs had been planned in the UK since before the second World War. They were put on hold due to the war and were further slowed down by the impacts that bombings had on housing. During the period of and immediately following the war, the quality of most homes in the UK were out of date. Due to a lack of development in wartime, most homes were made of brick or stone, as opposed to concrete like other modern buildings of the time, and the facilities and amenities were substandard. There were very few high-rise buildings in the UK at this time, and authorities wished to better utilise space in busy cities.

After the second World War, authorities in the UK were determined to redevelop slums and derelict housing within highly congested cities in order to create housing areas which enabled a higher standard of living for tenants. It was a method of gentrification, allowing the authorities to access war-affected areas and utilise the spaces more economically. Compulsory purchase orders were used by authorities for slum clearance, allowing local governments to purchase areas of housing or buildings which were considered to be unsafe living spaces.

Government Regional Offices and local authorities were given the duty of managing overspill at this point. The 1946 New Towns Act, implemented in the UK, was the plan to relocate hundreds of thousands of people from congested cities into newly built towns. Overspill estates and “suburban expansion” were the more prominent forms of relocation at the time compared to these new towns. Overspill seemed to be an effective method of relieving housing pressure and congestion following World War II, up until 1951. As at 1951, there were an estimated 380,000 people in need of relocation from London County alone. It was also at this point that the Conservative government of the time began to disrupt the progress of overspill estates through cuts to budgets and diminish Government Regional Offices, impeding the progression of overspill estate building. Overspill estate planning and building was further set back by the introduction of the first green belt, which negated the expansion of housing on the outskirts of busy cities.

Some overspill estates still exist as housing and others have been redeveloped into more sophisticated fixtures, such as high-rise buildings.

Employment and overspill estates
The concept of overspill estates was to relocate people who were on housing lists due to their relatively poor living circumstances. In order to enable this relocation, industry and a workforce also needed to be established in overspill areas to create infrastructure and support the growing economy. As per overspill theory, the workforces which built these overspill areas would ideally be relocated from highly congested areas. This was not the case in many accounts, with workers being chosen to work on overspill estates based on their competency and workmanship value, regardless of where they lived prior to relocation. The 1953 Industrial Selection Scheme was introduced by the Ministry of Labour to encourage workers to move from the congested cities of the UK to the suburban overspill areas. The scheme allowed people to have guaranteed housing and employment in the town that they were moving to prior to their relocation, as they were registered with the Ministry of Labour through their local authorities and waitlisted for housing and employment opportunities. Many expanded towns that took on overspill populations did not have the necessary employment opportunities or resources to provide opportunities to those moving into overspill estates. Through this, the Industrial Selection Scheme attempted to ensure economic security for the expanding towns involved.

In cases where workers maintained their jobs in the city from which they have relocated, the journey to work was a newfound expense. Additionally, public transport services to and from city centres became more crowded due to this phenomenon of employees travelling out of their new overspill housing areas for work in cities. This meant that for those workers with lower incomes, their place of residence may be determined by the amount of money that they could afford to spend on travel. This created class differences between the areas where overspill estates existed, as the upper class could afford to live in and travel from more areas than the lower class.

Social costs of overspill estates
For many people, the choice was between living in the slums of a city in which they desired to be and preferred to live, or more live-able housing on the outskirts of the city, where they did not wish to live, but had proper amenities and better quality housing. Some reasons behind families and individuals moving to overspill estates included the need for better housing, inability to acquire higher quality housing within the city they were living, forced removal through slum clearance schemes, and local authorities deeming housing to be inadequate.

First-hand accounts recall a divide between overspill estate tenants and existing residents of the overspill towns. In order to make connections with people already living in the communities, those who had relocated from the inner city often found that they had to seek out the social interactions as the existing residents were more reserved than the new tenants. Extended families were often split by some family members relocating to overspill estates while others stayed behind in the busier cities. For some new residents of overspill estates, this was isolating and they felt that the new homes were remote, compared with their previous living arrangements of being central to the city, as well as their families and friends. This more rural lifestyle was quite different to what was previously known to those who had relocated from the city slums. Though overcrowded, city slums often provided a sense of intimacy within its residents as families and kinship ties were strong, which was mostly lost for those living in overspill estates.

In terms of the original residents of the towns in which overspill estates were built, there were some reservations regarding the construction of overspill estates and town expansion. The loss of community and identity, and of historic features or landscapes due to new housing developments, were of concern to some of the towns. For those residents who moved out of the slums of busy cities, it was a different experience. There were many positive aspects of moving to overspill estates, despite the desires to live in major cities. Those living in slum-like areas of major cities often experienced substandard living spaces with overcrowding issues including shared toilets for multiple families or entire families sharing one bedroom. Compared to the cities from which they were relocated, tenants in overspill estates experienced better housing and amenities, no shared living arrangements or overcrowding in housing, and a significant reduction in general congestion of the towns.

See also
Exurb
 London overspill
 Urban sprawl
Locations:
 Chelmsley Wood
 Darnhill
 Gamesley
 Hattersley
 St Helier, London
 Wythenshawe
 Pollok
 Castlemilk

References

Urban decay
Urban economics
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
Housing in the United Kingdom


Edward Collins (1 February 1941 – 4 March 2019) was an Irish Fine Gael politician.

He first stood for election in the Waterford constituency at a by-election in 1966, but was unsuccessful. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Waterford constituency at the 1969 general election and was re-elected at each subsequent election until he was defeated at the 1987 general election.

He served as a Minister of State at the Department of Industry and Energy under the 1981–82 coalition and was reappointed after the second 1982 election. He moved to the position of Minister of State at the Department of Trade, Commerce and Tourism from 1983 until his dismissal in September 1986, after refusing the Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald's request to resign because of failure to disclose a conflict of interest. This related to his involvement with the Collins family's lamb processing businesses; he had stepped down as director of them upon appointment as junior minister, but an article by Fintan O'Toole in Magill revealed he subsequently attended a meeting discussing a loan application to Agricultural Credit Corporation, a state body. FitzGerald called Collins' action "inadverten[t] and clearly without any improper intent" and the dismissal his "most painful personal decision" as Taoiseach; some party colleagues felt FitzGerald was too fastidious about appearance of impropriety.

Collins died on 4 March 2019, aged 78.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Fine Gael TDs
Members of the 19th Dáil
Members of the 20th Dáil
Members of the 21st Dáil
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Politicians from County Waterford
Ministers of State of the 24th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 22nd Dáil
Irish business executives


Heather MacAllister (February 25, 1968 – February 13, 2007) was an American burlesque performer and social justice activist, whose work covered anti-racism, LGBT rights, and especially the fat acceptance movement. MacAllister performed on stage as Reva Lucian, a play on 'revolution', and Ms. Demeanor.

Early life and education
Heather MacAllister was born in Michigan on the February 25, 1968, and grew up in Dearborn and Ann Arbor, Michigan. She completed a bachelor's degree in anthropology and African American studies from Eastern Michigan University in 1998. She also lived in Tucson, Arizona, and moved from Detroit to San Francisco in 2002.

Career and activism
MacAllister was involved in a range of social justice issues, particularly LGBT rights, anti-racism and addressing anti-fat bias. Her tours as a fat burlesque performer challenged the notion of The Thin Ideal as a pre-requisquite for sexual attractiveness.

Fat activism
Whilst she was living in Michigan, Heather MacAllister's fat activism included the founding in 1992 of the Venus Group, a social and support network for large women. She also contributed to Fat Girl zine in the early 1990s, and lobbied for the weight discrimination act that was passed in San Francisco in 2000. MacAllister was on the board of NoLose, an organization for fat lesbians.

MacAllister founded Big Burlesque and the Fat-Bottom Revue, the world's first all-fat burlesque performance group, of which she was also the artistic director. She argued that erotic performance allowed fat women to express a sexuality "which has been underaffirmed and made negative in the popular culture". Her stage names were Ms. Demeanor and Reva Lucian (a play on the word "revolution"). MacAllister toured size acceptance workshops and burlesque performances nationwide. Venues at which she appeared or conducted workshops included the True Spirit Conference in Washington, D.C., the National Women's Music Festival in Indiana, the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, Eastern Michigan University, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, the Abundia Retreat in Illinois, the NoLose Conference in New Jersey, Fat Girl Speaks in Oregon, the Tease-o-Rama burlesque convention, and Burning Man in Nevada. MacAllister described her belief in burlesque as activism: "Any time there is a fat person onstage as anything besides the butt of a joke, it's political. Add physical movement, then dance, then sexuality and you have a revolutionary act".

In 2006 Heather MacAllister received the Queer Cultural Activist Award from the Harvey Milk LGBT Democratic Club.

Other activism
In the late 1990s Heather MacAllister was the director of the LGBT resource center at Eastern Michigan University.

From 2000 to 2002, MacAllister worked as a field organizer for the Triangle Foundation, a gay rights group in Michigan. The organization, now known as Equality Michigan, gives an award in her honor to a community activist each year.

MacAllister campaigned for Muslim- and Arab-American civil rights after 9-11 and served on the board of Al-Fatiha, the national organization for sexual minority Muslims in the United States. She also served on the board of Transgender Michigan, a group dedicated to protecting transgender people from harassment and discrimination.

Illness and death
Suffering from ovarian cancer, Heather MacAllister moved from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon in June 2006. Her partner, author and stand-up comedian Kelli Dunham, moved from the East Coast to care for her until her death by assisted suicide on February 13, 2007, aged 38. Memorial services were held in Portland, Detroit, New York and San Francisco.

MacAllister appeared posthumously in the art photography book The Full Body Project by photographer and actor Leonard Nimoy. The book is a compilation of photographs including those taken of MacAllister and her troupe for a 2005 New York City art photography show called "Maximum Beauty" which opened at the Bonni Benrubi gallery on 57th street in New York City. The book was released in 2007 and dedicated to MacAllister. Before her death she had requested that mourners made donations to her Fat Fashion Scholarship Fund. MacAllister also contributed a chapter to The Fat Studies Reader entitled 'Embodying Fat Liberation' that was posthumously published in 2009.

See also
Fat acceptance movement
 Guerilla burlesque
Neo-burlesque

References

External links
The Wide Angle: Goodbye Heather MacAllister
Fat Bottom Mama's Benefat

1968 births
2007 deaths
American performance artists
Deaths by euthanasia
Eastern Michigan University alumni
Fat acceptance activists
American LGBT artists
LGBT people from Michigan
Artists from Michigan
2007 suicides
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American women


Scott Warner (born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania) is a U.S.-based lighting designer who has recently designed for Icona Pop, Train, The Pussycat Dolls, Jimmy Eat World, Everclear, David Cook, and   Gavin Degraw. Warner started his career is the late 1980s with the Pittsburgh-based bands, The Affordable Floors and The Cynics. His first national client was the shock rock group GWAR.

Scott, the Lighting Designer and Director for Stone Sour, Erika Jayne, Queen Latifah and Alice Cooper is currently the director for The Doobie Brothers.

Education and career
A student at the Greater Latrobe High School in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, Warner was active in the school's theater program. In 1983, he was a member of the school's production of "Mame."

Recording Era
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Warner was an Independent Producer and Engineer, recording out of studios in Pittsburgh and New York. His main studio was The Flagrant Underground, a 16 track studio in Pittsburgh that recorded mostly Punk Bands. In 1988 while working for Zanzibar Records, Scott wrote/ performed, and recorded a song titled "Zip It" that he was contracted to write for talk show host Morton Downey Jr. The song was played on Downey's show as well as the Dr. Demento show. Downey endorsed the record, but a dispute with his network forced the label to stop distributing the record. The song can be heard in the film Évocateur: The Morton Downey Jr. Movie.

The Robe Robin Cyclone
Warner has teamed up with Robe Lighting based in the Czech Republic to create an innovative lighting fixture called The Cyclone. This one of a kind effects moving head product has an integrated fan in the centre of the head surrounded by a ring of 24 x high powered RGBW multichip LEDs. The Cyclone made its live debut with the Swedish group Icona Pop while supporting Miley Cyrus on her 2014 US tour and the UK leg of Katy Perry's 2014 tour.

The Cyclone also made its NLH Hockey debut with the Pittsburgh Penguins during their 2014 season opener. The Cyclone has been used by Kaiser Chiefs, Lady Gaga, Sublime With Rome, Oscar and The Wolf (MIA Awards), The "14-18 Spektakel Musical," Charli XCX, the Trans-Siberian Orchestras "Ghosts Of Christmas Eve" tour, SpaceXperience, BodyGuard Musical, The Blue Man Group in Las Vegas and Alice Cooper's 2019 European Tour.

Cyclone Award Nominations
 Nominated for the 2014 "Indispensable Technology in Lighting" Parnelli Award
 Nominated for selection in the PLASA 2013 Awards for Innovation.

Lighting Design and Direction Clients
Stone Sour
Lady Gaga (supporting Pussycat Dolls)
Daughtry
Tinashe
Keyshia Cole
Alice Cooper
Steve Vai
Porcelain Black
Smokey Robinson
Howie Day
Train
Queen Latifah
The Pussycat Dolls
Mindless Behavior
Jimmy Eat World
Icona Pop
Vertical Horizon
Bad Religion
Gavin Degraw
Everclear
Nickelback (supporting Everclear)
AFI
David Cook
Fuel
Indigo Girls
Buffalo Tom
The Misfits (co-headlining with GWAR)
The Toadies
Dog's Eye View
Goo Goo Dolls
Plastilina Mosh
GWAR
MC5 Supporting Alice Cooper
Black Stone Cherry Supporting Alice Cooper
Eve  Australian 2008 Tour Lighting Designer
SnoCore Tour 1999 SnoCore Lighting Designer
INXS VM World Convention 2010
Sublime with Rome 2013 Tour Design
Don Henley 2016 European Tour
Gwen Stefani 2017 Hawaii and Dubai Performances
Yes (band) 2019 Japanese Tour

Productions
GWAR "Penguin Attack" Music Video/ Lighting Director
GWAR "Saddam A-GoGo" Music Video/ Lighting Director
Carolina Liar "King Of Broken Hearts" Music Video/ Director and Producer
The Mayfield Four "Sick and Wrong" Music Video/ Director
Steve Vai "Live At The Astoria" DVD Lighting Director
The PussyCat Dolls Live from Manchester Evening News Arena Video Lighting Designer/Director
Everclear "When It All Goes Wrong Again" Video Band Performance Lighting Director
David Cook "Fade Into Me" Video Lighting Director (live performance)
Porcelain Black "Mama Forgive Me" Music Video/ Lighting Designer/Director
Watson's Awakening  "Cobwebs Of The Mind" Music Video/ Director

References

American lighting designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Lighting engineers
American music video directors
People from Latrobe, Pennsylvania


David Nicholas Kaye (born 14 November 1959, in Huddersfield) was a professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in The Football League for Chester City.

Kaye began his career as an apprentice with Rotherham United, where he turned professional in November 1977. However, he failed to make a league appearance for the Millers and played non-league football for Mexborough Town before returning to The Football League when he joined Chester City in March 1985. He played in Chester's final seven games of the 1984–1985 season and then played three league games and a League Cup tie early the following season. Kaye lost his place to John Butcher and Chester then signed another goalkeeper in Ray Cashley.

Kaye moved on to Denaby United, before joining Scarborough. He played 17 times as they won the GM Vauxhall Conference title in 1986–1987 but did not play for the club again after promotion.

Honours

Scarborough

• GM Vauxhall Conference champions: 1986–1987 (17 apps).

References

1959 births
English men's footballers
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Living people
Footballers from Huddersfield
Men's association football goalkeepers
Rotherham United F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players
Mexborough Town F.C. players
Denaby United F.C. players


The 5th constituency of the Aisne is a French legislative constituency in the Aisne département.

Description

Aisne's 5th constituency covers the southern portion of the department, the area is centred on Château-Thierry on the river Marne.

Politically the seat elected conservatives for all the Fifth Republic with the exceptions of during the Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1993 and after the 2012 election.

At the 2012 election a National Front candidate secured a place in the 2nd round splitting the right's vote and allowing the election of Jacques Krabal of the left leaning PRG. Krabal subsequently switched to the centrist La République En Marche!.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

2017

2012

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jacques Krabal
| style="text-align:left;" | Radical Party of the Left
| PRG
|
| 29.79%
|
| 42.21%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Vasseur
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 31.22%
|
| 36.70%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Frank Briffaut
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 22.74%
|
| 21.09%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Dominique Jourdain
| style="text-align:left;" | Europe Ecology – The Greens
| EELV
|
| 9.79%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Mireille Ausecache
| style="text-align:left;" | Left Front
| FG
|
| 4.46%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Sylvie Geret
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| ExG
|
| 1.03%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Claude Poiret
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Right
| DVD
|
| 0.98%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.31%
|
| 1.66%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 59.37%
|
| 60.75%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 40.63%
|
| 39.25%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | PRG gain
|}

2007

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Vasseur
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 37.84%
|
| 53.96%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Dominique Jourdain
| style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
| PS
|
| 20.75%
|
| 46.04%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jacques Krabal
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Left
| DVG
|
| 17.67%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Franck Briffaut
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 8.42%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Renaud Belliere
| style="text-align:left;" | Democratic Movement
| MoDem
|
| 4.51%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Luc Allioux
| style="text-align:left;" | Communist
| COM
|
| 2.19%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Brigitte Fourquet
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 1.99%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Marie-Thérèse Chambaud
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 1.70%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Sylvie Geret
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 1.63%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Olivier Papritz
| style="text-align:left;" | Movement for France
| MPF
|
| 1.31%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Annick Deryckere
| style="text-align:left;" | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions
| CPNT
|
| 1.05%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Marc-Hervé Rey
| style="text-align:left;" | Ecologist
| ECO
|
| 0.89%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Aude Allegraud
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.06%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.61%
|
| 3.56%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 60.73%
|
| 60.45%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 39.27%
|
| 39.55%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | UMP HOLD
|}

References

Sources
 Official results of French elections from 1998:

5


Vista Radio Ltd. (also formerly known as Vista Broadcast Group) is a Canadian radio broadcasting company. The company only owned stations in British Columbia until 2007, when it expanded outside the province by acquiring an existing station in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and launching a new one in Grande Prairie, Alberta. It has since also expanded into Ontario, with the acquisition of Haliburton Broadcasting Group in 2012.

Vista Radio was founded by Paul Mann, Jason Mann, Margot Micallef, Barb Fairclough and Bryan Edwards in 2004.

On April 23, 2012, Vista announced a deal to acquire Haliburton Broadcasting Group, a broadcast group with 24 stations in small or mid-sized markets in Ontario, in cooperation with Westerkirk Capital. The deal was approved by the CRTC on October 19, 2012.

Stations

Alberta
 Bonnyville - CFNA-FM
 Grande Prairie - CFRI-FM
 Lloydminster - CKLM-FM
 Lethbridge - CJOC-FM, CKBD-FM
 Medicine Hat - CJLT-FM

British Columbia
 100 Mile House - CKBX
 Campbell River - CIQC-FM
 Castlegar - CKQR-FM
 Courtenay - CFCP-FM
 Cranbrook - CFSM-FM
 Creston - CKCV-FM
 Duncan - CJSU-FM
 Nanaimo - CKAY-FM
 Grand Forks - CKGF-2-FM
 Nelson - CHNV-FM
 Port Hardy - CFNI
 Powell River - CFPW-FM
 Prince George - CIRX-FM, CJCI-FM
 Quesnel - CKCQ-FM
 Smithers - CFBV
 Vanderhoof - CIRX-FM-1
 Williams Lake - CFFM-FM

Northwest Territories
 Yellowknife - CJCD-FM

Ontario
 Bancroft - CHMS-FM
 Barry's Bay - CHBY-FM
 Bolton - CJFB-FM
 Bracebridge - CFBG-FM
 Cochrane - CHPB-FM
 Elliot Lake - CKNR-FM
 Espanola - CJJM-FM
 Haliburton - CFZN-FM
 Huntsville - CFBK-FM
 Iroquois Falls - CFIF-FM
 Kapuskasing - CKAP-FM
 Kemptville - CKVV-FM
 North Bay - CFXN-FM, CFCH-FM
 Parry Sound - CKLP-FM
 Prescott - CKPP-FM
 Stratford - CJCS-FM, CHGK-FM
 Sturgeon Falls - CFSF-FM
 Timmins - CHMT-FM

Former stations
 Caledon, Ontario - CFGM-FM
 Kelowna, British Columbia - CJUI (sold to Avenue Radio Ltd. in October 2017)
 Vanderhoof, British Columbia - CIVH (discontinued March 2018 after transmitter collapse. Programming moved to CIRX-FM-1.)
 Haldimand, Ontario - CKJN-FM (sold to Durham Radio in 2016)
 Niagara Falls, Ontario - CFLZ-FM, CJED-FM (sold to Byrnes Communications in January 2018)

References

External links

 History of Vista Broadcast Group Inc. - Canadian Communications Foundation

Radio broadcasting companies of Canada
Companies based in British Columbia


Bluntzer (Texas) is an unincorporated community located in Nueces County, Texas in the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The elevation is 75 feet. Bluntzer appears on the San Patricio U.S. Geological Survey Map.

History
Bluntzer was a stop on the San Antonio-Brownsville stage line. It was known as Santa Margarita Crossing before Nicholas Bluntzer moved into the area about 1860. The local school was opened in the 1870s but, during the 1919 Atlantic hurricane season, flooding led to its relocation. Justina Bluntzer, daughter of Nicholas, donated the land for the school. The school held classes until it was consolidated with the Banquete Independent School District in 1971.

Bluntzer Family

Bluntzer Texas is an area of Texas - neither declared town nor county, that is named after the Bluntzer family. Currently, the children of Eric Bluntzer make the 7th generation of Bluntzers still living there, and the family has been in the area since 1860. Most of the inhabitants of the Bluntzer area, including the Bluntzer family itself, are or have been heavily involved in farming and ranching. On an average day, Bluntzer dwellers are running and fixing tractors, building houses, doing brush management, hunting, fishing in the lakes and gravel pits around the area, and doing all the things associated with running farms and ranches.

References

Geography of Nueces County, Texas


Weber Street (, ) is a major roadway connecting the cities of Kitchener and Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. It forms a component of Waterloo Regional Road 8, whose route designation continues along several other roads in south Kitchener and Cambridge.

Weber Street is considered an eastwest street within the Kitchener street system, and a northsouth street in Waterloo, similarly to King Street. It runs parallel and to the east of King Street for much of its length.

History

The street is likely named after one of the Germans from Pennsylvania who migrated to the region  It is the only remaining major street in Kitchener Waterloo with a Germanic name or named for German settlers in the region.

In 2013–14, the Region of Waterloo widened the last remaining two-lane stretch of roadway between College Street in Kitchener and Union Street in Waterloo, a project which resulted in the demolition of dozens of homes and other buildings along the street. The same project also resulted in the creation of the Weber Street Railway Underpass, grade separating the roadway and sidewalks from the Guelph Subdivision railway line, the latter of which runs overhead. The Guelph Subdivision forms a component of the Canadian National Railway mainline west of Toronto. The segment of the Guelph Subdivision which crosses Weber Street has been owned by Metrolinx since 2014.

Geography

Weber Street's southern terminus is at the southern stub of King Street in Kitchener, and its northern terminus is at its intersection with King Street at the St. Jacobs Farmers' Market south of St. Jacobs. In addition to its two endpoints, Weber Street also crosses King Street in Waterloo, being generally northeast of King Street in Kitchener and southern Waterloo, and southwest of King Street in northern Waterloo.

Weber weaves through residential and commercial areas of Waterloo and Kitchener and is agricultural at the northern terminus.

The road is broken up into four parts due to the geographical direction of the road:

Kitchener
 Weber Street East - Florence Avenue to Queen Street North
 Weber Street West - Queen Street North to the Kitchener-Waterloo Boundary near Raitar Avenue

Waterloo
 Weber Street South - Kitchener-Waterloo Boundary near Raitar Avenue to Erb Street East
 Weber Street North - Erb Street East to King Street North south of St. Jacobs, Ontario

Crossings and intersections

Weber Street intersects with a number of east-west thoroughfares:
 Conestoga Parkway
 Ottawa Street
 Frederick Street
 Victoria Street
 Erb Street
 Bridgeport Road
 University Avenue
 Columbia Street
 King Street (in three different places)
 Northfield Drive

Places of interest

 St. Jacobs Farmers' Market
 Bridgeport Plaza
 Kitchener station
 Downtown Community Centre (Kitchener)
 Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex (on nearby East Avenue)
 St. Peter's Lutheran Cemetery
 Eastwood Collegiate Institute

See also

 List of numbered roads in Waterloo Region

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

8
Roads in Kitchener, Ontario
Roads in Waterloo, Ontario


Sexuality is the third studio album by French singer Sébastien Tellier, released on 25 February 2008 by Record Makers and Lucky Number Music. The album was produced by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, who is best known as one of the members of Daft Punk.

Background
Sexuality is the first studio album by Tellier produced by someone other than himself. When de Homem-Christo was asked to produce the album, he was flattered and immediately agreed to do it. He expressed that Tellier "is maybe the best singer and composer in France today" and felt that the album was one of the few collaborative efforts in which he could contribute significantly and uniquely. "If you feel it and if you feel something creatively interesting then it’s possible." Their previous professional meeting was during the production period of the film Daft Punk's Electroma, in which Daft Punk requested the use of Tellier's song "Universe".

The first "taster" from the album was "Sexual Sportswear", which was revealed on Tellier's Myspace page. He described the instrumental track as "a direct combination of what I was doing before and what Guy-Man can do." When questioned on the two seemingly strangely juxtaposed words in the title, Tellier replied: "In my own sexual fantasies I always think about women in sportswear. I like women in sports pants and prefer peeling them off women to lifting up their skirts."

Regarding the style of the album, Tellier stated, "It is not at all like what I have released before and nothing like what Guy-Man did with Daft Punk." He also elaborated that, "It's very electronic and like intellectual R&B, although not in the same way that Beyoncé or Justin Timberlake are R&B." Tellier also stated "I wanted to make music that would sexually excite people in an Italian or Latin sense of sexual music; the big seducer with the broken heart... I tried to keep vulgarity away from sex and my music." The song "Divine" from the album represented France at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008.

Track listing
Adapted from Qobuz.

All tracks written by Sébastien Tellier; produced by Sébastien Tellier and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo; co-produced by Eric Chédeville except where noted.

Notes
  signifies an additional producer
  signifies a co-producer

Personnel
 Romain Tranchart – engineer
 Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo – producer
 Eric Chédeville – co-producer
 Manu Cossu – artwork
 Olivia Jourde – artwork layout

Charts

References

External links

Sexuality at Lucky Number Music

2008 albums
Sébastien Tellier albums
Albums produced by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo


The Apple Hard Disk 20SC is Apple's first SCSI based hard drive for the Apple II family as well as the Macintosh and other third party computers using an industry standard SCSI interface.

History
Released in September 1986 along with the Apple IIGS (which required an optional SCSI interface card to use it), it debuted over 9 months after the introduction of the Macintosh Plus, the first to include Apple's SCSI interface. It was a welcome addition, delivering considerably faster data transfer rates (up to 1.25 megabytes per second) than its predecessors, the Hard Disk 20 (62.5 Kilobytes per second) and ProFile.

Hardware
The 20SC originally contained a half height 5.25" Seagate ST-225N 20MB SCSI hard drive, but was later manufactured with a full-height 3.5" MiniScribe 8425SA 20MB SCSI hard drive. The latter drive was the same size as the drive inside the Macintosh Hard Disk 20, but 10 to 15 MB over what had previously been offered by Apple for the II family. The same drive mechanism would also be offered 6 months later as a built-in drive option on the Macintosh II and SE. It had two standard Centronics 50-pin connectors, one for the System and one for daisy-chaining additional SCSI devices and a SCSI ID selection switch. An external terminator was required if it was the only SCSI device connected. The case itself could accommodate a 3.5" or 5.25" full-height hard drive mechanism. Indeed, the case design would be reused unchanged (in Platinum only) for 3 more models introduced the following year: 40SC, 80SC & 160SC (offering respective Megabytes of storage). While the transfer rates were significantly higher due to the faster SCSI bus technology, the actual transfer rate varied from computer to computer thanks to different SCSI implementation based on developing industry standards.

Design
In addition to being the first cross-platform drive offered by Apple it was the first hard drive to use the Snow White design language. Notably, it was the only Snow White product to use the Macintosh beige color and one of the few Apple products to be introduced in two different colors at the same time. Since the Apple IIGS was the first Apple product to debut in the new gray color they called Platinum, the 20SC had to both match it and the beige color of the Macintosh Plus, which it is designed to sit perfectly beneath. In 1987, all Apple products would change to Platinum, which would remain in use for the next 10 years.

See also
List of Apple drives

References

Apple Hard Disk 20SC Owner's Guide (1986)

Apple II family
Apple Inc. peripherals
Macintosh peripherals
Apple II peripherals
SCSI
Hard disk drives


Louis Bazin (20 December 1920 – 2 March 2011) was a French orientalist.

Biography
Born in Caen, he entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1939. When he graduated in 1943, he became a senior research fellow at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, while continuing his studies at the National School for Modern Oriental Languages.

In 1949, he became a professor-delegate after his teacher Jean Deny retired. In 1957, he became a full professor at the ENLOV (the above-mentioned Oriental Language School's new name). Since 1950, he has also been the director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études (Section IV). Beginning in 1980, Bazin became a Professor at the University of Paris III. He retired from his position there in 1990.

Bazin was a member of the Asiatic Society (of which he was formerly vice-chairman). He was also a member of the International Union of Oriental and Asian Studies (of which he was formerly the treasurer, secretary general and vice-president), and the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres (elected 22 October 1993 to the chair Claude Cahen). He was Vice-Chairman of the Societas Uralo-Altaica, and was president of the section of Oriental Languages and Cultures of the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

Bibliography

 1950: Recherches sur les parlers t’o-pa - T’oung Pao (通報)
 1953: La déesse-mère chez les Turcs pré-islamiques - Bulletin de la Société Ernest Renan
 1959: Structures et tendances communes des langues turques - in Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta
 1959: Le Turkmène, description grammaticale - ibid.
 1961: Y a-t-il en turc des alternances vocaliques ? - Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher
 1964: La littérature épigraphique turque ancienne - Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta
 1964: Über die Sternkunde in alttürkischer Zeit - Abhandlungen der Mainzer Akademie
 1965: Aventures merveilleuses sous terre et ailleurs de Er-Töshtük le géant des steppes, traduction du Kirghiz de Pertev Boratav, introduction et notes de Pertev Boratav et Louis Bazin, Gallimard, « Connaissance de l'Orient »
 1967: Mirza Fathali Akhoundov : Comédies (traduction annotée)
 1968, 1987: (3e ed.) Introduction à l’étude de la langue turque - Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient - Jean Maisonneuve, succ.
 1972: Un manuscrit chinois et turc runiforme de Touen-houang - Turcica
 1973: Cinquante ans d’orientalisme en France. « les études turques » - Journal asiatique
 1974: Les calendriers turcs anciens et médiévaux - thèse de doctorat
 1975: Makhtoumkouli Firaqui : Poèmes de Turkménie - traduction annotée, en collaboration avec Pertev Borarav
 1976: Eine Inschrift vom Obern Jenissei - Materialia turcica
 1985: La réforme des langues don't «La réforme linguistique en Turquie» (Hambourg, 1985)
 1989: L’épigraphie turque ancienne de Haute-Asie (VIIIe-XIe s.) : Résultats et perspectives - CRAI
 1989: Er-Töshtük (with Pertev Boratav)
 1990: Où en est le comparatisme turco-mongol ? - Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris
 1991: Les systèmes chronologiques dans le monde turc ancien. -  Bibliotheca orientalis hungarica
 1991: Manichéisme et syncrétisme chez les Ouïgours - Turcica
 1994: Les Turcs, des mots, des hommes, choix d’articles de Louis Bazin - recueil d’articles édité par Michèle Nicolas et Gilles Veinstein
 1994: État des discussions sur la pénétration du bouddhisme en milieu turc - Res Orientales. Hommages à Claude Cahen
 1995: Les noms de Dieu et du Prophète dans les premiers textes de la littérature turque islamique (XIe s.) - Mélanges Philippe Gignoux
 1995: Un nom turco-mongol du « nombril » et du « clan » - Beläk Bitig. Festschrift G. Doerfer
 1995: Qui était Alp Er Tonga, identifié par les Turcs à Afrâsyâb ? - Pand-o-Sokhan. Mélanges offerts à Charles-Henri de Fouchécour
 1996: Survivances préislamiques dans l’épigraphie funéraire des Turcs musulmans - İslam Dünyasında Mezarlıklar ve Defin Gelenekleri
 1998: Le livre de Dede Korkut, Récit de la Geste oghuz - with Altan Gökalp - L’aube des peuples

References

External links
 Site de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, page de Louis Bazin
 Interview of French Turcologist Louis Bazin in 1994
 Bazin's site at the Académie française

French orientalists
Turkologists
1920 births
2011 deaths
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Members of the Société Asiatique
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Academic staff of Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Writers from Caen


The Arsenal Penitentiary was a penal institution in Washington, D. C. used as a military prison during the American Civil War, currently located inside Fort Lesley J. McNair. Four Lincoln assassination conspirators, David Herold, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt were executed on the grounds of the Arsenal Penitentiary on July 7, 1865.

History
The Arsenal Penitentiary opened in 1831 on the Greenleaf Point at the confluence of the Potomac River and the Anacostia River within the District of Columbia. It was designed by Charles Bulfinch and constructed adjacent to the north side of the Washington Arsenal separated by a wall.

During the Civil War, the penitentiary was closed in September 1862 to store munitions on the request of the Ordnance Department. Its civilian inmates were sent to the Albany Penitentiary and court-martialed soldiers — to the Old Capital Prison. It was reactivated as a military prison in April 1865, and it was where eight Lincoln assassination conspirators were held, put to trial, and four of them were executed.

They were buried along with John Booth in the prison's storeroom. In 1869 the bodies were released to the families.

The former Arsenal Penitentiary is a part of a restricted military installation and is closed to the public.

See also
 USS Saugus (1863)

References

Further reading
 Edward Steers Jr., and Harold Holzer, Editors. The Lincoln Assassination Conspirators: The Confinement and Execution, As Recorded In The Letterbook of John Frederick Hartranft. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009
 Sullivan, David K. Prison Walls: The Operation of the District Penitentiary, 1831-1862, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., vol. 71/72, 1971, pp. 243–66.

External links
 Materials of Old Penitentiary in Washington. Letter from the Secretary of War, Relative to the Taking Down and Removing the Material of the Old Penitentiary Situated on the Washington Arsenal Ground. January 31, 1873. -- Referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds and Ordered to be Printed, Issue 1567 of United States congressional serial set

American Civil War prison camps
Defunct prisons in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War


West Hampstead railway station is a London Overground station on the North London Line between  and  in the London Borough of Camden and is in Travelcard Zone 2.

The station and all trains are operated by London Overground. The station entrance is on West End Lane.

History
The station opened on 1 March 1888 and was called West End Lane until 1975, when it became West Hampstead (making it one of three stations of essentially the same name along West End Lane). The train service was provided by the North London Railway until 1909, when management of the NLR was taken over by the London and North Western Railway. Complete amalgamation with the LNWR followed in 1922, and the LNWR then amalgamated with other railways to form the LMS from January 1923. The LMS became the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, and the shortened brand name British Rail was used from 1965. The station and the rest of the North London Line was included in the reorganised BR business Network SouthEast in 1986.

Following the privatisation of British Rail, the station was managed by the Silverlink franchise (National Express) from 1997 until 2007, when operations passed to Transport for London's new London Overground.

After privatisation, Anglia Railways ran a regional service for a while between  and  which called here. This service, known as London Crosslink, was discontinued in Autumn 2002 because of a shortage of train paths on the North London Line and the financial return being less than forecast.

The station was initially refurbished towards the end of 2007, to coincide with the takeover of the line by London Overground.

The station was comprehensively upgraded in the late 2010s thanks in part to the adjacent Ballymore West Hampstead Square development. The upgrade included a new station building, wider platforms and step free access, and was completed in December 2019.

Accidents and incidents
On 23 February 1937, an express freight train, hauled by LMS Hughes Crab 4-6-0 No. 2765, was derailed near the station.

Interchanges

West Hampstead railway station has an out of station interchange with both West Hampstead Thameslink railway station and West Hampstead Underground station. The arrangement of three separate stations (Thameslink, Overground and Jubilee Line) means that passengers wishing to change lines must walk along or cross West End Lane, a busy main road.

Development
A West Hampstead interchange proposal was put forward in 2004 by Chiltern Railways which would link the three West Hampstead stations with subterranean walkways. New platforms would be built for the Chiltern Main Line, and possibly also for the Metropolitan line, and the Thameslink and London Overground (formerly Silverlink) stations would be relocated on the east side of West End Lane.
The redevelopment would involve demolishing existing buildings and the redevelopment of West End Lane as "a tree-lined boulevard". The plans were put on hold in 2007 due to uncertainty over the North London Line rail franchise. This has now been shelved with Network Rail instead redeveloping the Thameslink station by installing a second footbridge with lift access leading to a new station building on Iverson Road.

In early 2008, the London Group of the Campaign for Better Transport published a plan for an off-road, mainly orbital North and West London Light Railway, sharing the orbital Dudding Hill Line freight corridor, and taking over at least one of the two Midland Railway freight lines which run through the neighbouring West Hampstead Thameslink station.

Connections
London Buses routes 139, 328 and C11 serve the station.

Services
Trains from this station are operated using Class 378 EMUs. The current weekday off-peak service from West Hampstead is:

 8 tph to Stratford
 4 tph to Richmond
 4 tph to Clapham Junction

References

Railway stations in the London Borough of Camden
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1888
Railway stations served by London Overground


The 22nd BRDC International Trophy was a motor race held at Silverstone on 26 April 1970 for Formula One and Formula 5000 cars.

The race was run over 2 heats of 26 laps each, the final results being an aggregate of the two. Chris Amon, driving a F1 March-Cosworth, qualified in pole position and set fastest overall lap. Amon won heat one, and Jackie Stewart, also in a March, won heat two, with Amon winning on aggregate results. Mike Hailwood, driving a Lola-Chevrolet, was the best-placed F5000 driver, finishing seventh overall.

Classification
Note: the classification was the sum of the times obtained in the two heats; a blue background indicates a Formula 5000 entrant.

Notes
Pole position: Chris Amon - 1:21.4
Fastest laps: Chris Amon - 1:22.1 (Heat 1), Jackie Stewart - 1:23.3 (Heat 2)

References

BRDC International Trophy
BRDC International Trophy
Formula 5000 race reports
BRDC


The 2003 All-Pro Team is composed of the National Football League players that were named to the Associated Press, Pro Football Writers Association, and The Sporting News All-Pro Teams in 2003. Both first and second teams are listed for the AP team. These are the three teams that are included in Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League. In 2003 the Pro Football Writers Association and Pro Football Weekly combined their All-pro teams, a practice with continues through 2008.

Teams

Key
 AP = Associated Press first-team All-Pro
 AP-2 = Associated Press second-team All-Pro
 PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-NFL
 TSN = The Sporting News All-Pro

References
Pro-Football-Reference.com

All-Pro Teams
Allpro


Vasily Skrotsky (, born 1 January 1878 (unknown OS/NS), date of death unknown) was a Russian Empire sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In the 1912 Summer Olympics he participated in the following events:

 Team running deer, single shots - fifth place
 running deer, single shots - 15th place
 running deer, double shots - 20th place

References

External links
list of Russian shooters

1878 births
Year of death missing
Male sport shooters from the Russian Empire
Running target shooters
Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic shooters for the Russian Empire