Mimmo Paladino (born in Paduli on 18 December 1948) is an Italian sculptor, painter and printmaker. He is a leading name in the Transvanguardia artistic movement and one of the many European artists to revive Expressionism in the 1980s.

Biography
Paladino was born on 18 December 1948 in Paduli, Campania, but grew up and trained in Benevento, Italy. From 1964 until 1968, he attended Liceo Artistico di Benevento.

He made his debut in 1968 with a solo exhibition at the Galleria Carolina in Portici in Naples. Here he was presented by Achille Bonito Oliva, who was also present for the monographic show at Enzo Cannaviello's Studio Oggetto in Caserta the following year. However, we need to go back to 1964 to find the first major date in his artistic education. This was when, still a schoolboy, he visited the 32nd Venice Biennale and, in particular, the U.S. Pavilion, where he discovered the American Pop artists. In the early 1970s, his approach shifted towards conceptual art and photography, but by the mid-decade his painting had acquired considerable importance and appeared in a manifesto work, Silently, I Am Retiring to Paint a Picture, which was shown in a room in which also the walls were painted. The aim was clearly a return to painting, as the principal place of narration. This was not to recapture the aspirations of the fifties and sixties, which in Italy reflected a painting tradition linked to pre-war artistic research, but rather to make a break with the influences that repudiated painting in the strictest sense, on which he intervened with a series of circular linguistic and semiotic interactions.

In the late seventies, Paladino moved to Milan, where he later taught artistic disciplines at the Liceo school, while also working on his art. In 1977 came his first collaboration with Lucio Amelio, the historic gallery owner in Naples, and two years later he put on his first exhibition with another key gallerist, Emilio Mazzoli of Modena, for whom he made his first book-object – En-De-Re – in 1980. This was indeed another crucial year, for it was when he put on his first solo exhibition in New York (where he had just taken up temporary residence), in two different galleries – those of Maria Goodman and Annina Nosei. International interest in his work and in that of other young Italians was growing, and in 1980 a traveling exhibition took works by Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Sandro Cucchi, Nicola De Maria and Paladino, together with two other artists, Luigi Ontani and Ernesto Tatafiore, to three of the most important museums in Europe. It was also the year of the 39th Venice Biennale, where Harald Szeemann and Achille Bonito Oliva curated the Aperto section, choosing some of the artists who were to make their mark on the art scene for many years to come. It was here that Transavanguardia became more firmly established, with its theoretical structure being published the following year. The arrival of the young Italian painters was seen by many as a breath of fresh air and a key exhibition like Zeitgeist, in Berlin, certainly indicated their progress, with German-speaking countries as the first to promote their work. Paladino's career, like those of his colleagues, has included considerable collaboration with artists, intellectuals and musicians, and yet, more than others, Paladino has always managed to appear with a form of creativity that is inquisitive and open, but always personal. He goes beyond the purely pictorial and, ever since 1983, he has strayed into sculpture (his first work, Closed Garden, is now at Castello di Rivoli) and engraving. However, his basic conception is always pictorial, even when three-dimensional, as in the case of It Will Have No Title, with the use of geometrical elements applied to the environment, the first result of which came in 1995. Painting, sculpture and engraving were the three media that most inspired his style throughout the following years and one might well assume that this is the ‘‘eminence” that Danto refers to, since it was clear that – like few other artists of the twentieth century – Paladino always revealed a different ambition in each discipline. In 1988 the critic Giovanni Carandente entrusted him with the main gallery in the Italian Pavilion at the 43rd Venice Biennale. Here Paladino showed an installation in which the management of space – created in part by a pictorial approach to sculpture – was of great impact. This type of approach returned in the early nineties in the Hortus Conclusus in Benevento, a garden in which architecture, the environment and objects all combined to form the work. These creations, which had a mysterious, “alchemical” air about them, emerged like apparitions, as constant epiphanies. This is an aspect that I find constantly in the work of this artist, who in 1994 was the first Italian to exhibit in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Here the views formed a complementary backdrop to the works on show, and this became a constant feature of all his urban projects. The Mountain of Salt dates from 1990. Originally created in Gibellina, it “appeared” in the Piazza del Plebiscito in Naples in 1995 and later, in 2011, in the Piazza del Duomo in Milan, when the city dedicated a major retrospective to him on the piano nobile of the Palazzo Reale. The nineties was a time of great experimentation and it is no coincidence that the Mountain became its symbol. The new millennium, as well as bringing a large number of exhibitions in which he was the protagonist or a guest, also brought the use of video. In 2006 Paladino made his short feature film Quijote, devoted to the work by Cervantes. Presented at the Venice Film Festival, the movie captures the essence of the art of the masterpiece in a highly imaginative series of evocations, sounds and inventions. Great literature is an underlying thread that, over the years, has led him to illustrate the icons of world culture, such as Tristes Tropiques, Ulysses, the Homeric poems, Pinocchio and, of course, Don Quixote. Paladino was back behind the camera in 2013 to film Labyrinthus for the fourth centenary of the death of the madrigal composer Gesualdo da Venosa. Here too, his collaboration with the world of music goes back a long way, with numerous mises en scène for opera houses, the creation of opera posters for Maestro Riccardo Muti and requests for music for his installations, as was the case in 1999 with Brian Eno for Sleepers, in London and then, in 2008, for the Ara Pacis in Rome.

In 2013 he was commissioned to make a monumental installation for the Piazza Santa Croce in Florence, where he used blocks of marble and bronze sculptures for a large temporary project (263 x 164 ft), creating a sort of enormous cross in which the public could move freely. Even though it is becoming difficult to list all his exhibitions and publications, what is important is the care with which Paladino achieves his artistic mission in the allotted space, as can be seen in his latest creation for the 55th Venice Biennale in 2015. Whether it is a painting, a piazza, the pages of a book, or the galleries of a museum, it is his all-embracing vision that makes each element a crucial component of a complex project. A project that always attempts to seize the opportunities rather than the limitations of the world. In 2016 He creates a large-scale exhibition for Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park in Grand Rapids (MI), USA and a retrospective show at Galleria Stein, Milano (F. Arensi in J. Antonucci, Mimmo Paladino, Frederik Mejier Gardens & Sculpture Park, 2016)

Paladino was made an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Arts, London on 26 May 1999.

His work is in many public museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Tate, Museum of Modern Art, among others.

Personal life
Mimmo Paladino is married to Imma, and has one daughter and three grandchildren. He now lives in Rome and Milan, and Paduli but still has a studio in the little town near Benevento.

Time line
1948	Born 18 December in Paduli, near Benevento, east of Naples

1964	Visits the Venice Biennale where the work of Robert Rauschenberg in the American Pavilion makes a strong impression, revealing to him the ‘reality of art’

1968	Completes his studies at the Liceo artistico di Benevento and within a year has participated in a group show in Naples. His early work uses photo-based imagery as well as showing an awareness of conceptual art: ‘…what I was really looking for was images. The frozen art, made with such a cold medium as the camera, certainly didn’t come naturally, and above all, I couldn’t have kept on making art along such a one-way track that excluded new possibilities’

Solo exhibition at the Galleria Carolina, Portici

1969	Solo exhibition at Enzo Cannaviello's Studio Oggetto, Caserta

1973	Begins combining images in mixed media, building up a complex iconography that takes account of ‘a terrible mixture of messages from cultures, strangely opposed and divergent, though mixed together’

1977	Paints a seminal work that marks a shift towards painting at odds with current avant-garde practice:  ‘I have always thought of my work as something which is on a borderline with risk. Even my first painting with an image came out in a moment when something of this kind was totally outside the idea of painting; and the title, not by chance, was Silence, I am retiring to paint a picture’

Shows a large mural in tempera with Galleria Lucio Amelio in Naples

The same year he moves to Milan

1978	First visit to New York

1980	Invited by the Neapolitan critic Achille Bonito Oliva to show in the Aperto section of the Venice Biennale, together with Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, and Nicola De Maria.

Publication of the book-object EN DE RE in collaboration with Bonito Oliva (Emilio Mazzoli, Modena)

Begins experimenting with etching, aquatint, lino-cuts and xylography

1981	Participates in A New Spirit in Painting at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, a major exhibition that is shown the following year at the Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, under the title Zeitgeist

A major solo exhibition of drawings from the previous five years is organised by the Kunstmuseum, Basel. It travels to the Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, the Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim, and the Groninger Museum, Groningen, and launches Paladino as an international artistWorks on the first of four projects with the New York printmakers Harlan & Weaver

1982	Participates in the Sydney Biennale and in Documenta 7, Kassel

Realises his first sculpture in bronze, Giardino chiuso

Makes the first of numerous visits to Brazil where his father is living

1984	Builds a house and studio in Paduli, near Benevento. From now on, divides his time between Paduli and his apartment in Milan

Shows five recent works at the Newport Harbor Museum as part of Il Modo Italiano, a survey of recent Italian art organized by the Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art and held in several venues

1985	First retrospective exhibition is held at the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich.

Realises the Pietre, the first of several series of standing figures in white stone

1988	The Italian pavilion at the Venice Biennale devotes a large central space to a massive sculptural work consisting of enigmatic graphic symbols attached to the walls and a group of bronze figures

1989	Designs a Swatch watch which is produced in an edition of 100. ‘The idea was not to decorate a watch, but to design time. My Swatch is like a humorous vanitas, a poetic symbol of passing time that was industrially manufactured’

1990	Commissioned by the theatre director Elio De Capitani to create a set for an open-air performance of the opera La sposa di Messina, based on Friedrich Schiller's tragic drama, and staged at Gibellina in Sicily as part of the Orestiadi festival. Paladino devises a sculpture-environment to be seen by moonlight. It consists of a Zen garden made of raked gravel dominated by a  mountain of salt from which emerge the charred forms of 30 wooden horses

1991	A major exhibition opens in Prague at the Belvedere, the royal castle that has been restored for the occasion; shows a cycle of seven new canvases inspired by the history of Prague, nine bronze torsos and works on paper. A sculpture of a fallen horse exhibited in a nearby piazza is removed after objections by a local bishop.

Completes a new cycle of twelve paintings on wood, Il respiro della bellezza. ‘I’ve always painted as though the canvas itself were a living organism, to create a living, curious, palpitating thing. When I was applying a brushstroke to one of these works, I realised that this gesture was like breathing, like the panting of a man’

1992	Opening of Hortus Conclusus, a permanent sculpture installation for the Chiostro di San Domenico at Benevento: ‘I liked the idea of a Hortus conclusus as a place for looking at and contemplating the work of art …outside the constraints of the art gallery’

The Galleria Civica d’Arte Contemporanea in Trento holds a major exhibition of prints produced between 1970 and 1992

1993	Responds to the assassinations of two judges by the Sicilian Mafia, which also caused the deaths of many others, by painting seven large pictures ‘like a chorus, a requiem, which I then covered up with a coat of limestone wash (the same material used to bury the dead)’

Major solo exhibition at Forte Belvedere, Florence

1994	Invited to exhibit in Beijing, the first contemporary Italian artist to be shown there.

Works in Bologna

Publishes Ulysses, 16 June 1904, 21 unnumbered etchings based on James Joyce's novel

1995	Participates in Reparations, an exhibition of contemporary art held in the Sala delle Reali Poste in the west wing of the Uffizi to mark its restoration after that part of the building had been almost completely destroyed in a car-bomb blast in May 1993

1995–1996	Major solo exhibition in Naples, which is shown in three venues: the Scuderie di Palazzo Reale, the Piazza del Plebiscito and the Villa Pignatelli. Paladino's reconstruction of the Montagna di sale erected in the Piazza del Plebiscito is seen as a provocation and is vandalised early in the New Year

1998	Publishes Film, a collection of 32 drawings (Squadro edizioni grafiche, Bologna)

1999	A major exhibition at the South London Gallery includes Testimoni, a recently completed group of 20 standing figures in white Vicenza stone, and Zenith, a series of mixed-media works on aluminium.

Creates, as part of South London Gallery Projects, an installation I Dormienti in the brick-vaulted undercroft of the Roundhouse at Chalk Farm which is accompanied by a score written by Brian Eno.

An exhibition of new prints opens at the Alan Cristea Gallery.

Made an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Arts, London

2000	His design for the set of Oedipus Rex at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, directed by Mario Martone, wins the UBU prize for stage design

2001	Illustrates Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, published in two volumes by Casa editrice Le Lettere, Florence

Publication of catalogue raisonné of graphic works 1974–2001, ed. Enzo Di Martino (Art of this Century, New York/Paris)

2002–2003	Major retrospective held at the Centro per l’Arte Contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Prato

Represented together with Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi and Nicola de Maria in Transavanguardia 1979-1985 at Castello Di Rivoli, Museo d’Arte Contemporanea, Turin

2003	Zenith installed in the square of the European Parliament headquarters

2004	Works made in close collaboration with Sol Lewitt are displayed at the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte in Rome

As part of the project Terrae Motus, has a solo show at the Reggia di Caserta

2004–2005	Touring Pinocchio exhibition is held at the modern art museums of six Japanese cities and at the eighteenth-century Scola dei Battioro in Venice

2005	Mimmo Paladino in Scena opens at the Loggetta Lombardesca in Ravenna.

Statue Zenith exhibited at EXPO 2005 in Aichi, Japan

An exhibition dedicated to the theme of Don Quixote by Cervantes opens in December at the Museo di Capodimonte, Naple

2006	Porta con Figura exhibited at the New Art Centre Sculpture Park and Gallery at Roche Court, Salisbury

Commissioned to re-design the Piazza dei Guidi at the new home of the Museo Leonardiano in Vinci

2009	Paladino: Sculpture 1980-2008, written by Enzo Di Martino and Friedhelm Mennekes published by Skira

2011	Montagna del Sale (‘Mountain of Salt’) installed in the Piazza del Duomo in Milan, as part of the celebrations to mark the anniversary of the unification of Italy. The installation has a diameter of 30 meters and a height of 20 meters

Shortlisted for The Royal Academy of Arts, London Wollaston Award

2013	Exhibition in summer during the international Ravello Festival

2015	Again at the Venice Biennale with a great installation

2016	An important retrospective at the Galleria Christian Stein, Milan.

2016	 Mimmo Paladino: Present into Past sculpture exhibition at Frederik Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, USA

Paladino currently lives and works in Milan, Rome, Paduli.

1�	A. Danto, "Mimmo Paladino. Transavanguardia to Meridionalism",	in F. Arensi, Paladino Palazzo Reale, exhibition catalogue, 2011, Giunti Editore, p. 35.

See also
 The Sound of Night (1986), a sculpture in Houston, Texas

References

Bibliography
 Flavio Arensi, "Paladino at Palazzo Reale", with essays by Arthur Danto and Germano Celant, Firenze, Giunti, 2011
 Enzo Di Martino and Klaus Albrecht Schröder, Mimmo Paladino, Graphic Work 1974-2001, New York, Rizzoli International Publications, 2002.
 Giancarlo Politi, Paladino: Lo Specchio, Milan, Politi Editore, 1992.
 Margaret Failoni, Mimmo Paladino, Kyoto, Japan, Kyoto Shoin, 1990.
 Giovanni Testori, Mimmo Paladino, Brussels, Artiscope, 1989.

External links
 Mimmo Paladino in ArtCycloprdia
 Mimmo Paladino on Artnet

1948 births
Living people
People from the Province of Benevento
Artists from Campania
20th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
21st-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian male sculptors
21st-century Italian sculptors
Italian contemporary artists
Italian printmakers
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
20th-century printmakers
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Transavanguardia
21st-century Italian male artists
Neo-expressionist artists


Alphons Boosten (20 January 1893, Maastricht – 2 January 1951) was a Dutch architect, who mostly practiced in the province of  Limburg. His works include several large housing complexes and more than twenty churches.

Early in his career Boosten shortly formed a partnership with , which resulted in several houses in expressionist style, the new church of Eygelshoven and the church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Maastricht. Especially due to the unconventional design of the latter, the architects were not granted assignments for further churches, and Ritzen moved to Antwerp in 1924. Boosten mostly designed houses until in 1929 his career as an architect of churches resumed.
Boosten's career reached a height after the Second World War, in which many churches in Limburg had been destroyed and needed replacement. However, in 1951 Boosten died, and most of his post-war assignments were completed by other architects, including his son Theo Boosten. His son worked are 'foreman' on many of his projects, one such example is the landmark gymnasium at .

References

1893 births
1951 deaths
Dutch architects
Dutch ecclesiastical architects
Dutch Roman Catholics
People from Maastricht


This is a complete list of seasons for the Sioux Falls Skyforce.

Continental Basketball Association

International Basketball League

Continental Basketball Association

NBA D-League

Sioux Falls Skyforce


USS Crescent City (AP-40/APA-21) was the lead ship of the Crescent City-class attack transports that served with the US Navy during World War II. The ship was built as the cargo and passenger liner Delorleans for the Mississippi Shipping Company's Delta Line. After brief commercial operation the ship was among 28 vessels requisitioned in June 1941 for the Navy and the Army. The Navy renamed the ship Crescent City, a popular nickname for New Orleans, Louisiana, upon commissioning 10 October 1941. The ship was decommissioned and laid up in 1948 before being loaned to the California Maritime Academy to serve as a training ship 1971–1995 and then transferred to a foundation in a failed art colony project. The ship left California for Texas scrapping in 2012.

Construction
Originally named the SS Delorleans, the ship was contracted on 16 December 1938 by Maritime Commission as a Type C3 ship hull No. 49. The keel was laid 8 May 1939, by the Bethlehem Steel Company, Sparrows Point Maryland where she was launched on 17 February 1940, and delivered to Delta Lines on 23 August 1940.

Delorleans was the second of a series of six ships, the previous ship being  and next the , designed by the Mississippi Shipping Company, as a modification of the standard C3 design, to carry both passengers and cargo between New Orleans and Buenos Aires on the so-called "Coffee Run". Twenty six staterooms accommodated 67 passengers on the shelter deck. The names  and  were later reused during construction for ships of the same basic design that were also put into service as commissioned Navy ships.

Government requisition
The Maritime Commission's Division of Emergency Shipping announced on 4 June 1941 that it had requisitioned twenty-eight merchant vessels (twenty-one for the Navy and seven to the Army) among which Delorleans was among the group allocated to Navy. The Navy assumed control on 9 June 1941 and stripped the ship to prepare her for war duty with commissioning on 10 October 1941 as the USS Crescent City. Originally classified AP-40, she was converted to an attack transport at Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding of Mobile, Alabama; and commissioned 10 October 1941. She was reclassified APA-21, 1 February 1943.

World War II
Departing Norfolk, Virginia 15 December 1941 loaded with troops and equipment, Crescent City debarked her passengers in the Panama Canal Zone, then sailed to San Diego to load Navy and Marine passengers for Pearl Harbor. She carried civilian evacuees back to San Diego, returning immediately with workers and equipment to rush repairs of the damaged naval base at Pearl Harbor. Assigned to transport men and equipment to set up the advanced base at Efate, New Hebrides, she voyaged on this mission until arriving at San Diego 22 April 1942 for a brief overhaul.

Invasion of Guadalcanal
On 1 July 1942 Crescent City sailed from San Diego bound for the initial assault landings on Guadalcanal. Landing her troops 7 August under heavy air attack, she splashed at least five of the enemy planes. For two days she remained at anchor unloading the necessary supplies to hold the beachhead, then returned to Espiritu Santo to unload material to set up a new forward base to supply the Guadalcanal operations.

Sailing from Brisbane, Australia, and Wellington, New Zealand to the advanced bases at Nouméa and Espiritu Santo, then dodging enemy forces to deliver men and equipment to sway the balance toward victory on Guadalcanal was Crescent City'''s mission through the next few months. When the offensive began to swing north through the Solomon Islands in early 1943, she continued her transport duty to the base established on hard-won Guadalcanal. On 13 August, while unloading, she aided in repelling an air attack in which  was sunk.

Invasion of Bougainville
On 28 October 1943 Crescent City sortied for the invasion of Bougainville, landing troops at Empress Augusta Bay under air attack 1 November. On the 13th, after helping repel a torpedo bomber attack, she landed support troops brought from Tulagi and Port Purvis on Florida Island. Continuing her inter-Solomons transport and resupply duty, she took part in the assault landings on Emirau Island on 11 April 1944 and reported to Guadalcanal 30 April to prepare for the Marianas operation.

Invasions of Peleliu and LeyteCrescent City was held in reserve during the assaults on Kwajalein and Eniwetok, then landed her troops and embarked casualties at Guam from 21 to 25 July 1944. She returned to Guadalcanal 16 August for the staging of the Palau operation, taking part in the landings on Peleliu on 15 September. Ten days later she arrived at Humboldt Bay, New Guinea and sailed on 16 October for the invasion of Leyte. After landing troops of the 6th Army at San Pedro Bay on 22 October, she sailed before the outbreak of the Battle for Leyte Gulf. The transport brought reinforcements to Leyte from Hollandia, and arrived at Manus Island on 20 November to embark passengers for the United States.

Conversion to hospital ship
After overhaul, Crescent City departed San Francisco on 25 February 1945 and arrived at Pearl Harbor 4 March. Here she was converted to a temporary hospital evacuation ship, and two weeks later was underway for Kerama Retto, arriving 6 April. Receiving casualties from the beaches of Okinawa and from other ships, she transferred them to  for evacuation. Crescent City remained at Okinawa receiving casualties and transients until the end of the war.

After hostilities
Aiding in the redeployment of troops for the occupation of China, Crescent City lifted the 1st Marine Division to Taku between 30 September and 6 October 1945, and carried Chinese troops from Hong Kong to Chinwangtao and Qingdao in November. Returning to Okinawa 1 December she embarked men eligible for discharge and sailed for Seattle, arriving 20 December.

Departing Seattle 23 January 1946 Crescent City arrived at Norfolk on 14 February. She operated from New York and Norfolk on training duty in the Caribbean until 10 October 1947 when she sailed for the west coast.

Decommission
Arriving at San Francisco 1 November, Crescent City was placed out of commission in reserve 30 April 1948 and transferred to the Maritime Commission 3 September 1948.

Awards and decorationsCrescent City was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for her outstanding performance throughout World War II, and received 10 battle stars.

Postwar service
After decommission, Crescent City was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, Benicia, California.

On 28 August 1970 the Maritime Administration (MARAD) loaned the ship for training purposes to the California Maritime Academy who renamed her TS Golden Bear. She sailed on 28 major ocean cruises over 24 years.  In 1995 she was returned to MARAD and the Reserve Fleet.

On 28 October 1997 the ship was returned to MARAD custody. The ship had been approved for donation to the Artship Foundation of Oakland, California with donation pending in the Department of Defense budget authorization, but the provision did not make it from draft legislation to enacted 1996 legislation. On eventual transfer the ship was renamed Artship as part of a failed art colony project. Artship was sold in 2004 to be scrapped in Texas, but dismantling was halted due to high PCB levels and because she was considered too historic.

Scrapping
On 7 November 2012 S.S. Pacific Star (formerly Delorleans, Crescent City, Golden Bear, Artship) was auctioned off for $1 on the steps of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California.  She departed  Mare Island, California 15 January 2012 under tow for Brownsville, Texas where she was eventually scrapped.

See also
  (design details)

References

External links

USS Crescent City (APA-21), DANFS Online.
APA-21 Crescent City, Navsource Online.
 Sawyer, L.A. and Mitchell, W.H., From America to the United States'' (history of the US Maritime Commission), World Ship Society, 1984,
Discovery of PCBs Prevents Bay Area "Artship" From Being Scrapped in China 4 May 2004 commondreams.org/news

Type C3-P&C ships
Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1940 ships
Crescent City-class attack transports
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States


"Song for a Future Generation" is a song by new wave band the B-52's. The song was released as the third single from their third studio album Whammy! (1983), peaking at #63 on the UK Singles Chart. It is the first of two songs by the B-52's to feature more than three band members singing lead vocals, the second being "Theme for a Nude Beach" from their follow-up studio album Bouncing off the Satellites (1986).

Concept and lyrics
The song's lyrical content made implicit references to "familiar media images of glamorous people, [like] 'The Empress of Fashion' and 'The Captain of the Enterprise'" and describes "a goofy series of mythic couples meeting to populate the future."

Music video
A music video was filmed to accompany "Song for a Future Generation" for promotion on television. It features the band members performing the song on podiums and swings and in a Brady Bunch style split screen. The video also features the female members of the band wearing outlandish wigs, including one made of golden tinsel, one with a chicken wire frame (nicknamed "the bird cage") and one bouffant atop which sat a giant bow made from wig-hair.

Live performances
In a 1983 music concert at the Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, the band sang live vocals with a prerecorded backing track. The B-52's sang "Song for a Future Generation" live over a backing track on the Whammy! tour in 1983.

Reception

Critical reception
The song garnered positive reviews from music critics, who praised of the song's concept and praised its lyrics. Rolling Stone described the song as "mock-utopian" but felt that the song was "self-conscious." Stephen Holden from The New York Times described the song as "an amusing evocation of the  baby boom" and fun but serious. Music critic Robert Christgau commented that the song "is a completely affectionate, completely undeluded look at the doomed, hopeful, cheerfully insincere dreams and schemes of the kids who dance to B-52's songs."

The song continues to be highly regarded retrospectively. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, writing for AllMusic, noted "Song for a Future Generation" as one of the best songs off of Whammy!, going on to state that the song is one of the "B-52's classics."

Commercial Reception
The song reached number 63 on the UK Singles Chart, peaking in its second week and spending a total of three weeks on the tally. It was the group's highest-peaking single in nearly three years, their last single to crack the Top 75 of the UK Singles Chart being "Give Me Back My Man," from "Wild Planet" (which reached number 61).

Covers
Electronica band Chicks on Speed remade the song for their 2000 albums, The Unreleases and Re-Releases of the Un-Releases as well as their 2000 EP Chix 52, which is an EP full of the B52s covers.

Track listing
UK vinyl 12" single
Side A
 "Song for a Future Generation"
 "Song for a Future Generation" (Instrumental)

Side B
 "Planet Claire"

UK 2 x vinyl 7" single
 "Song for a Future Generation"
 "Song for a Future Future Generation" (Instrumental)
 "Planet Claire"
 "There's a Moon in the Sky (Called the Moon)"

Charts

References

External links
 Official Music Video for "Song for a Future Generation"

1983 singles
The B-52's songs
Songs written by Fred Schneider
Songs written by Kate Pierson
Songs written by Keith Strickland
Songs written by Cindy Wilson
Warner Records singles
Island Records singles
1983 songs


The Applejacks may refer to:

 The Applejacks (British band)
 The Applejacks (US band)
 The Applejacks (Dutch band)

See also
 Applejack (disambiguation)


Prostitution in Nicaragua is legal, but promoting prostitution and procuring are prohibited. The minimum age for prostitutes is 18 years old. It was estimated in 2015 that there were around 15,000 prostitutes in the country.

Prostitution is common in Managua. Prostitutes work on the streets, in nightclubs and bars, or in massage parlors.

Prostitutes are known locally as "zorras".

History
From 1880 to 1927 there were no prostitution laws. Prostitutes, pimps and madams were charged with vagrancy. Prostitution was legalised and regulated from April 1927.  Prostitutes has to register and have a weekly health check. Those who did not comply were fined by the police, or after 1933 the National Guard.

In August 1955 a law was passed prohibiting the promotion of prostitution. By then the national Guard had taken control of prostitution in the country. The only people jailed for controlling prostitution were those who wouldn't pay the required bribes.

Starting in the 1960s President Somoza's business empire moved into prostitution and gambling houses. The National Guard (who Somoza was the head of), through being bribed, ensured these establishments flourished. After Somoza was deposed in 1979 by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)), one of their first actions was the destruction and burning of "a great number of brothels, bars and gambling houses". The FSLN had previously advocated the elimination of prostitution in its 1969 manifesto, but this was never enacted.

Facilitadoras judiciales
Nicaragua became the first country to train sex workers to be official representatives of the government and the judicial system. In a pilot scheme, 16 sex workers were trained as "Facilitadoras judiciales" (judicial facilitators). This led to a further 60 sex workers being trained. The eventual aim is to have at least six sex workers trained in every municipality (153).

The scheme was organised by the Sunflowers Sex Workers’ Association and is part of a larger initiative that has trained 4,300 facilitators in the country. The scheme is endorsed by the Nicaraguan Judicial System. Vice-president Marvin Aguilar said "We are the only country in the world that treats sex workers as ‘judicial facilitators’.  The only country in the world that does not try and arrest them, where the activity is not criminalized.”

The judicial facilitators have the following tasks:
 Help local judges in proceedings
 They disseminate civic-legal laws and regulations among the population
 Advise and accompany the population in judicial and administrative proceedings
 Carry out mediations in cases that the Law allows
 They send the corresponding authorities the cases that are not within their competence.

HIV

With only 0.2 percent of the adult population estimated to be HIV-positive, Nicaragua has one of the lowest HIV prevalence rates in Central America. HIV was first detected in Nicaragua in 1987, after concentrated epidemics had been reported in other Central American nations. The onset of the epidemic was likely delayed by Nicaragua's 10-year civil war and the U.S.-led economic blockade, both of which left the country isolated for several years. Relative control over commercial sex work, low infection rates among injecting drug users, and a ban on the commercial sale of blood also slowed HIV transmission.

A September 2005 study on HIV among commercial sex workers reported by UNAIDS demonstrated a prevalence of only 0.2 percent in that group. This had increased to 2.6% in 2016.

Child Prostitution
Child prostitution is widespread, particularly in Managua, port cities, along the Honduran and Costa Rican borders, and near highways.

The law permits juveniles 14 years of age or older to engage in prostitution. According to Casa Alianza, between 1,200 and 1,500 girls and young women work in the brothels of Managua, and almost half are under the age of 18. Every night, hundreds of teenage girls line the Masaya Highway commercial corridor on the capital's south side. Street children engage in prostitution, often to support a drug habit.

Nicaragua is a destination for child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. The law imposes a penalty of five to seven years' imprisonment for convicted sex tourism offenders.

Sex trafficking

Nicaragua is principally a source and transit country for women, and children subjected to sex trafficking. Nicaraguan women and children are subjected to sex trafficking within the country and in other Central American countries, Mexico, and the United States. Many trafficking victims are recruited in rural areas or border regions with false promises of high-paying jobs in urban centres and tourist locales, where they are subjected to sex trafficking. Victims’ family members are often complicit in their exploitation, and traffickers have reportedly increased recruitment activity on social media sites. Nicaraguan women and children are subjected to sex trafficking in the RAAN and RAAS, where the lack of strong law enforcement institutions and a higher crime rate increase the vulnerability of the local population.

Nicaraguans from Northern-Central departments who migrate to other Central American countries and Europe are reportedly vulnerable to sextrafficking. During the reporting period, Nicaraguans were reported as among the primary nationalities of victims identified in Guatemala. In addition, children left by these migrants in Nicaragua reportedly become vulnerable to sex trafficking.

The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Nicaragua as a Tier 2 Watch List country.

References

External links
U.S. Department of State - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices  - 2005 - Nicaragua

Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Society of Nicaragua


WCSE-LP (100.1 FM) was a radio station licensed to serve Ledyard, Connecticut. The station was last owned by Calvary Chapel of Southeastern Connecticut. It aired a Christian radio format. It served southeastern Connecticut, Rhode Island, and eastern Long Island.

The station was assigned the WCSE-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on November 21, 2002.

Its license was cancelled on April 4, 2022 for failing to file a renewal application.

References

External links
WCSE-LP official website

CSE-LP
CSE-LP
Ledyard, Connecticut
Radio stations established in 2002
Radio stations disestablished in 2022
2002 establishments in Connecticut
2022 disestablishments in Connecticut
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
CSE-LP


, literally Isaki of the Cub, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Ashinano. It first appeared in the August 2007 issue as a one-shot and subsequently became a semi-regular feature in Kodansha'a Monthly Afternoon manga magazine. The series ended in the January 2013 issue, and the final volume was released in January 2013 as well.

Kabu no Isaki shares many characteristic hallmarks of Ashinano's style: fascination with aeronautical themes; a setting in the future; a setting on and around the Miura peninsula; a vision of Japan that is isolated and nostalgic; and a natural world full of mystery that the protagonists explore with a sense of wonder. As such there are many parallels with Ashinano's previous work Yokohama Kaidashi Kikō.

Plot
 is a young airplane pilot who flies a Piper Super Cub. The Cub is owned by his neighbour , and Isaki often flies errands for her as a way to pay for his use of the plane. Shiro's younger sister  is also capable of flying the plane and occasionally accompanies Isaki on his journeys.

The story is notable for distortions in the scale of the world, which is ten times bigger than normal. This number is both explicitly mentioned, and is also depicted by geographical features that exist in reality being ten times larger in the story. Certain other features of the world are also gigantic, such as the Tokyo Tower which is described as 3333 meters tall (ten times larger than in real life). The plants are also gigantic, up to roughly 100 times larger than normal, although most are normal-sized. As is typical with Ashinano's stories, no explanations are given for the distortions, so the reader is left to wonder along with the characters.

Manga

Volume list

References

External links

Kodansha manga
Seinen manga


The Jory series consists of very deep, well-drained soils that formed in colluvium derived from basic igneous rock. These soils are in the foothills surrounding the Willamette Valley of the United States. They have been mapped on more than  in western Oregon. They are named after Jory Hill, Marion County, Oregon, which itself is named for the Jory family, who settled in the area in 1852, after traveling along the Oregon Trail.

Surface layer:  organic material
Subsurface layer:  dark reddish brown silty clay loam
Subsoil - upper:  dark reddish brown clay
Subsoil - lower:  red clay

Jory soils generally support forest vegetation, dominantly Douglas fir and Oregon white oak. They are very productive forest soils. Many areas have been cleared and are used for agricultural crops. The Jory soils and the climate of the Willamette Valley provide an ideal setting for the production of many crops, including Christmas trees, various berries, filberts (hazelnuts), sweet corn, wheat, and many varieties of grass seed.  The soils are suitable for the grapes used in the expanding Oregon wine industry.

Growing urbanization of the Willamette Valley is resulting in a great deal of pressure for development in areas of the Jory soils.

Oregon state soil
After several failed attempts to make it an official state symbol, Jory was officially adopted as the state soil of Oregon by the Oregon Legislative Assembly in 2011.

See also
Pedology (soil study)
Soil types
List of U.S. state soils

References

Pedology
Soil in the United States
Geology of Oregon
Types of soil
Symbols of Oregon


The Applejacks were a group of American studio musicians led by Dave Appell, (March 24, 1922 – November 18, 2014), a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They released singles on Cameo Records. Their biggest hit was the instrumental "Mexican Hat Rock", a Top 20 hit in the U.S. in 1958.

Singles
"Mexican Hat Rock" (1958) U.S. No. 16
"Rocka-Conga" (1959) U.S. No. 38 (Early releases of "Rocka-Conga" were pressed as "Rocka-Tonga")
"Bunny Hop" (1959) U.S. No. 70

References

American pop music groups
Cameo Records artists


Groundsel is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

Members of the genus Senecio
Creeping groundsel, Senecio angulatus
Common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris
Welsh groundsel, Senecio cambrensis
York radiate groundsel, Senecio eboracensis
Eastern groundsel, Senecio vernalis
Heath groundsel, Senecio sylvaticus
Sticky groundsel, Senecio viscosus
Groundsel bush, Baccharis halimifolia
Members of Dendrosenecio, the giant groundsels
Members of Packera, a segregate of Senecio
Golden groundsel, Packera aurea (Senecio aureus)
Golden groundsel, Packera obovata (Senecio obovatus)
Members of Roldana, a segregate of Senecio
Members of Tephroseris

References


Xft, the X FreeType interface library, is a free computer program library written by Keith Packard.
 It uses the MIT/X license that The Open Group applied after the post X11R6.4 license restoration.

It is designed to allow the FreeType font rasterizer to be used with the X Rendering Extension; it is generally employed to use FreeType's anti-aliased fonts with the X Window System. Xft also depends on fontconfig for access to the system fonts.

References

External links

Xft homepage
A tutorial by the author
Fontconfig homepage

Computer libraries
Freedesktop.org
X-based libraries


Robert Joseph Beckham (July 8, 1927 – November 11, 2013) was an American country music publisher based in Nashville, who mentored generations of songwriters as head of Combine Music Publishing from 1964 to 1989. He played a pivotal role in the career of Kris Kristofferson and guided other artists including Dolly Parton, Larry Gatlin, Tony Joe White and Billy Swan.

As a young man, he had stint of acting in motion pictures in Hollywood and he himself became a recording artist with some fleeting success — but Beckham turned to music publishing in 1961 as his primary career. In the 1970s, Beckham became a major power on Music Row, and nurtured many great songwriters who wrote classic hits like "Me and Bobby McGee" and "Sunday Morning Coming Down" (Kris Kristofferson), and Elvis Presley's "Burning Love" (Dennis Linde). Beckham was a gruff but supportive father figure to his staff songwriters, whom he truly loved. He was given the Mentor Award by the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Nashville Entertainment Association presented him with its Master Award  in 1988 and he received the Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music in 2014. Beckham died in 2013 in a Nashville hospital at age 86.

Early years

Beckham was born in Stratford, Oklahoma. Beginning at age 8, he got into entertainment as a child actor with a traveling show. He was a Hollywood movie actor for a while (Junior G Men, Starmaker ) but returned to Oklahoma in 1940 to attend school. He served in the U.S. Army as a paratrooper during World War II and then worked as an electrician. He got a job on the radio with Arthur Godfrey before signing a record deal with Decca Records. As a recording artist, three of his records charted in 1959-1960: "Just as Much as Ever" peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959; "Crazy Arms" peaked at No. 36 in 1960; "Mais Oui" charted at 105.  Beckham composed Vic Dana's 1963 chart song "Danger". On tour, Beckham was the opening act for Brenda Lee. When his performing career waned, he settled in Nashville in 1959, where producer Owen Bradley suggested song publishing as a possibility. Beckham's starting job in publishing was in 1961 as the Nashville liaison for Atlanta's Bill Lowery, helping nurture the careers of Ray Stevens, Jerry Reed and Joe South. He then worked for Shelby Singleton Music.

Career

In the early 1960s Fred Foster, owner of both Monument Records and Combine Music, was having success producing singer Roy Orbison on the Monument label. In 1964, Foster asked Beckham to run Combine Music, the publishing arm of the developing juggernaut, which was struggling when Beckham signed on. After two years, Beckham was made president of Combine. According to historian Michael Kosser, "Beckham was one of those rare publishers who truly loved songwriters, and he quickly established his reputation as a gruff but very supportive father figure to his staff writers." When Combine moved to Nashville's Music Row it became a gathering place for songwriters. According to musician Norbert Putnam, "Beckham, we felt, built his company because he had free beer every day at five." Putnam said that every day there would be 18 or so people at Combine, and half of them worked for other publishers. Combine staff writer, Chris Gantry said, "He wasn't like a publisher. He was like a dad. He knew how to connect with his writers". Journalist Robert K. Oermann called Beckham "a master raconteur who kept listeners spellbound...  The trend developing in those years was to sign singer-songwriters not only for their songs, but also to develop them as performing artists — that way, the publisher had both the singer and the song. An example is Kris Kristofferson, signed to record on Monument records, with his songs published by Combine. Beckham was also shrewd in pioneering deals for song exposure in commercials, placing Combine's copyrights in advertising jingles.

Dolly Parton
In 1964, Dolly Parton moved to Nashville the day after she graduated from high school in East Tennessee. Parton said, "I went down on Music Row to get my contract or an audition. I tried  two or three places and they all were filled up with girl singers". She found Fred Foster who signed her on Monument Records. Beckham signed her to a publishing deal at Combine (she had written hundreds of songs). They were unsure of what genre would be best for her voice. "They recorded me as a rock singer", Parton said; " I really came to do country because I always sung country. That's what I was and what I wanted to be". The attempt at rock was unsuccessful; however, two of the songs she had co-written with her uncle, Bill Owens, made the top ten when recorded by Bill Phillips in 1966. Parton was then allowed to try country music and she recorded "Dumb Blonde" which was a hit. In 1967, she released her first full album, "Hello, I'm Dolly " on which Parton had written (or co-written with her uncle) all the songs. It peaked at No.11 on the country albums chart. This album caught the attention of Porter Waggoner and shortly after, Parton gained national attention joining the syndicated weekly "Porter Waggoner Show". With her approval, Beckham began to place some her songs to be recorded by other artists. She said, "he works real hard on our behalf".

Kris Kristofferson

In 1967, a new songwriter named Kris Kristofferson came into Beckham's office and said his previous publishing deal had expired. Beckham heard his material and immediately called Foster. The two had a rule that every candidate had to sing four songs for them (anybody could write one or two..."you can't write four great songs unless you're a writer"). Both Beckham and Foster immediately realized what they had when Kristofferson sang for them. Foster said, "My God, there's never been a writer of this caliber here that's come to my office". Kristofferson was signed to Combine for publishing and to a record contract with Monument, but Kristofferson protested the latter, saying "I can't sing— I sound like a frog". The answer was "you can communicate".

When Kristofferson was a new hire in 1969, he was having a little dry spell in writing and Foster suggested he come up with a song where the hook would be about the name of a woman; a secretary named "Bobbie McKee" who worked in their office. Kristofferson came up with "Me and Bobby McGee" and sang it for her in the office. Kristofferson said, "You know, somebody would give you a title and then bet you couldn't write a song to fit it". The song began to take off, first recorded by Roger Miller in 1969. Kristofferson's own version was released on his first Monument album in 1970 but it did not chart. It was Janis Joplin's posthumously-released version that pushed the song to No. 1. Joplin's version changed the gender of "Bobby McGee" into a male. Other artists took three of the songs on his Kristofferson album to top-ten status: "For the Good Times"  (Ray Price); "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down" (Johnny Cash); and "Help Me Make It Through the Night" (Sammi Smith).

Dennis Linde

In 1969, a 26 year old musician and songwriter from St. Louis named Dennis Linde (pronounced LIN-dy) came to Nashville and was hired as staff writer by Beckham. Linde loved the creative environment he found working there. Linde said, "Bob Beckham's building at Combine was a rickety old two-story place, and Kris [Kristofferson] lived in an upstairs room next door. I just had never run into so many talented people".  In 1970 Linde had a couple of hits, one by Roy Drusky and another by Roger Miller. Coincidentally, Linde met Beckham's daughter Pam— eventually the two fell in love and were married. The following year Linde wrote a song called "Burning Love". He had just bought a set of drums for his home studio and was learning  to play them when the song came to him. He played all the parts himself and made a demo. The first singer to record it was Arthur Alexander on the Warner Brothers label in late 1971, but soon the song reached Elvis Presley who released his own version. This eclipsed Alexander's version quickly— Presley's making the top ten in both the U.S. and Europe and scarcely missed becoming No. 1 in the U.S.(1972). It was Presley's last major hit and the song's worldwide success greatly increased Combine's profitability; for example, the song was featured on the soundtracks of five motion pictures.  Linde's stature as a songwriter was also increased, allowing him to do other projects, and make solo albums. Elvis recorded two more of Linde's compositions,  "I got a Feelin' in my Body" and "For the Heart".

Later years

Combine's success peaked in the early 1970s largely due to the Kristofferson and Linde hits so big that they became country standards. In 1986, Combine was sold to Swid, Bandier, and Koppleman (SBK Entertainment). In 1990, Beckham established HoriPro Music, a subsidiary of Taiyo Music, Japan's largest music publisher. He advanced to chairman of "HoriPro Entertainment Group" in 2001, and remained as president until he retired in 2006.

Notes

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

Bibliography
Joel Whitburn, The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits. 7th edn, 2000

1927 births
2013 deaths
People from Garvin County, Oklahoma
American country singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Oklahoma
Smash Records artists
Decca Records artists
Singer-songwriters from Oklahoma
American music publishers (people)


Seven stages of action is a term coined by the usability consultant Donald Norman.
The phrase appears in chapter two of his book The Design of Everyday Things, describing the psychology of a person performing a task.

Building up the Stages

History
The history behind the action cycle starts from a conference in Italy attended by Donald Norman.
This excerpt has been taken from the book The Design of Everyday Things:
I am in Italy at a conference. I watch the next speaker attempt to thread a film onto a projector that he never used before. He puts the reel into place, then takes it off and reverses it. Another person comes to help. Jointly they thread the film through the projector and hold the free end, discussing how to put it on the takeup reel. Two more people come over to help and then another. The voices grow louder, in three languages: Italian, German and English. One person investigates the controls, manipulating each and announcing the result. Confusion mounts. I can no longer observe all that is happening. The conference organizer comes over. After a few moments he turns and faces the audience, who had been waiting patiently in the auditorium. "Ahem," he says, "is anybody expert in projectors?" Finally, fourteen minutes after the speaker had started to thread the film (and eight minutes after the scheduled start of the session) a blue-coated technician appears. He scowls, then promptly takes the entire film off the projector, rethreads it, and gets it working.

Norman pondered on the reasons that made something like threading of a projector difficult to do. To examine this, he wanted to know what happened when something implied nothing. In order to do that, he examined the structure of an action. So to get something done, a notion of what is wanted – the goal that is to be achieved, needs to be started. Then, something is done to the world i.e. take action to move oneself or manipulate someone or something. Finally, the checking is required if the goal was made. This led to formulation of Stages of Execution and Evaluation.

Stages of Execution
Execution formally means to perform or do something. Norman explains that a person sitting on an armchair while reading a book at dusk, might need more light when it becomes dimmer and dimmer. To do that, he needs to switch on the button of a lamp i.e. get more light (the goal). To do this, one must need to specify on how to move one's body, how to stretch to reach the light switch and how to extend one's finger to push the button. The goal has to be translated into an intention, which in turn has to be made into an action sequence.

Thus, formulation of stages of execution:
 Start at the top with the goal, the state that is to be achieved.
 The goal is translated into an intention to do some action.
 The intention must be translated into a set of internal commands, an action sequence that can be performed to satisfy the intention.
 The action sequence is still a mutual event: nothing happens until it is executed, performed upon the world.

Stages of Evaluation
Evaluation formally means to examine and calculate. Norman explains that after turning on the light, we evaluate if it is actually turned on. A careful judgement is then passed on how the light has affected our world i.e. the room in which the person is sitting on the armchair while reading a book.

The formulation of the stages of evaluation can be described as:
 Evaluation starts with our perception of the world.
 This perception must then be interpreted according to our expectations.
 Then it is compared (evaluated) with respect to both our intentions and our goals.

Seven Stages of Action

Seven Stages of Action constitute four stages of execution, three stages of evaluation and our goals.

1. Forming the target.

2. Forming the intention

3. Specifying an action

4. Executing the action

5. Perceiving the state of the world

6. Interpreting the state of the world

7. Evaluating the outcome

The Gulfs

The Gulf of Execution
The difference between the intentions and the allowable actions is the Gulf of execution.
"Consider the movie projector example: one problem resulted from the Gulf of Execution. The person wanted to set up the projector. Ideally, this would be a simple thing to do. But no, a long, complex sequence was required. It wasn't all clear what actions had to be done to accomplish the intentions of setting up the projector and showing the film."

The Gulf of Evaluation
The Gulf of evaluation reflects the amount of effort that the person must exert to interpret the physical state of the system and to determine how well the expectations and intentions have been met.
"In the movie projector example there was also a problem with the Gulf of Evaluation. Even when the film was in the projector, it was difficult to tell if it had been threaded correctly."

Usage as Design Aids
The seven-stage structure is referenced as design aid to act as a basic checklist for designers'  questions to ensure that the Gulfs of Execution and Evaluation are bridged.

The Seven Stages of relationship can be broken down into 4 main principles of good design:
 Visibility - By looking, the user can tell the state of the device and the alternatives for action.
 A Good Conceptual Model - The designer provides a good conceptual model for the user, with consistency in the presentation of operations and results and a coherent, consistent system image.
 Good mappings - It is possible to determine the relationships between actions and results, between the controls and their effects, and between the system state and what is visible.
 Feedback - The user receives full and continuous feedback about the results of the actions.

See also
 Affordance
 Executive system
 Usability engineering
 Human action cycle
 Human-computer interaction
 Interaction Design
 User-centered design
 Visibility
 Usability
 Gulf of evaluation
 Gulf of execution

References

External links

 Donald Norman's Seven Stages of Action - What are Norman's Seven Stages
 University of Hawaii's Lecture on Donald Norman's book
 Monash University's 2003 Monash Web Workshop Series' Lecture on Usability and Human factors
 University of Limerick's (Ireland) lecture on Donald Norman

Usability
Technical communication
Human–computer interaction
Action (philosophy)


The NWA International Light Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship promoted by Último Dragón's Toryumon 2000 Project (T2P) promotion. Although having the "NWA" initials, it was not officially sanctioned by the National Wrestling Alliance. T2P closed a month after CIMA won the title, so CIMA took the title to Toryumon Japan but never defended it. The title was later abandoned when CIMA won the Último Dragón Gym Championship.

Title history

See also
Toryumon
Último Dragón Gym Championship

References
http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/dg/t2p-int-lh.html – NWA International Light Heavyweight Championship title history

National Wrestling Alliance championships
Light heavyweight wrestling championships
Toryumon championships
International professional wrestling championships


"Cuyahoga" is a song by R.E.M. from their 1986 album Lifes Rich Pageant.  It was written primarily by R.E.M. bassist Mike Mills and drummer Bill Berry.  It is one of R.E.M.'s earliest environmentally conscious songs, along with the album's lead single, "Fall on Me".

The themes of "Cuyahoga" include the pollution of the Cuyahoga River in Ohio and the treatment of American Indians earlier in American history.  Despite the grim themes, according to R.E.M. biographer David Buckley, the lyrics are "words of optimism, partnership and community, set against an age of individualism."  R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck said of the song that the song "is a metaphor for America and its lost promises.  This is where the Indians were and now look at it. It's one of the ugliest fucking rivers in the world."  The song opens with the lines "Let's put our heads together and start a new country up," which R.E.M. biographer Tony Fletcher describes as sounding like a "call to arms."  On the other hand, music writer Craig Rosen feels that the line adds to the song's optimism.

Another line in the song states that "we'll burn the river down."  This line comes from the fact that as early as the 1910s the river was so polluted that one method of cleaning the river was to throw a torch in it and thus burn the pollutants.  The river also actually caught fire on several occasions, including in 1969, an event which helped raise awareness of water pollution and other environmental issues, although it was a photograph of an even larger 1952 fire that was used in an iconic Time magazine cover on the subject. This was another inspiration for the song, and for other songs such as Randy Newman's "Burn On."  Newman biographer Kevin Courrier believes that "Burn On" was an influence on "Cuyahoga."

Buckley describes the melody as "beautiful" and the refrain as "anthemic."  Musically, "Cuyahoga" is propelled by Mills' bassline.

Musician Ken Stringfellow described "Cuyahoga" as being "an anthem, but it's not self-congratulatory. It's about what's gone wrong with our country.  It was an anti-anthem in that way.  It took on an issue, but it was still unifying and powerful.  That's a hard thing to do well."  Slant critic Jonathan Keefe noted that even 25 years after the song's initial release its "optimism...is still inspiring and relevant."  He goes on to note that the song's message "reflects an intelligent and decidedly nonpartisan approach to political reconstruction without resorting to...didacticism."  Pitchfork Media critic Stephen M. Deusner states that "With its rousing chorus and pensive bass line, 'Cuyahoga' mails postcard dispatches from a museum where rivers and plains are artifacts, consigned to diorama and memory rather than reality."  According to music author Martin Charles Strong, "Cuyahoga" (and "Fall on Me") showed the band developing "an assured poise."  Fletcher described "Cuyahoga" as the "lyrical peak" of Lifes Rich Pageant.  It is one of Mills' favorite songs and one he particularly enjoys playing live.

Although not released as a single, "Cuyahoga" has appeared on several R.E.M. compilation albums, including The Best of R.E.M. in 1991 and And I Feel Fine... The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987 in 2006.  It was also included on the live albums R.E.M. Live, Unplugged: The Complete 1991 and 2001 Sessions, Live at the Olympia and R.E.M. at the BBC.

References

1986 songs
Environmental songs
R.E.M. songs
Song recordings produced by Don Gehman
Songs about Native Americans
Songs about rivers
Songs written by Bill Berry
Songs written by Peter Buck
Songs written by Mike Mills
Songs written by Michael Stipe


"Free" is a song performed by English classical crossover soprano Sarah Brightman from her ninth studio album, Harem (2003). It was originally written in German by Matthias Meissner and Thomas Schwarz. The song was then re-written in English by Brightman in collaboration with Sophie B. Hawkins. The track was produced by Frank Peterson. It was released as the fourth and final single from Harem by Angel Records on 10 June 2003. The song contains prominent classical crossover and Middle Eastern pop musical characters. It is influenced by feelings of desperation and is lyrically about somebody who has lost somebody and is looking onto their relationship with somebody else.

"Free" reached the #3 position on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts. Violinist Nigel Kennedy is featured in the last four stanzas of the song.

Music video
In Harem; a Desert Fantasy, Brightman stands in the middle of a pond surrounded by all the Arabian girls she sings to and in one part, she gives the white dove a lift in the air.

Track listing

Digital Single / USA Promotional CD Single
 "Free" (Swiss American Federation Hot AC Mix) 2:58
 "Free" (Swiss American Federation Modern AC Mix) 3:52
 "Free" (Album Version) 3:44

European Promotional CD Single
 "Free" (Swiss American Federation Hot AC Mix) 2:58
 "Free" (Swiss American Federation Modern AC Mix) 3:52
 "Free" (Album Version) 3:44
 "Guéri De Toi" (Nemo Mix) 3:15

DJ Vinyl
"Free" (Swiss American Federation Club Mix)
"Free" (Nemo Remix)
"Free" (Swiss American Federation Dub Mix)
"Guéri De Toi" (Nemo Remix)
This was a promo-only release.

References

External links

2004 singles
Sarah Brightman songs
2003 songs
Song recordings produced by Frank Peterson
Songs written by Sophie B. Hawkins


is the first single by singer Maaya Sakamoto. Released on April 24, 1996, it was her debut single under composer Yoko Kanno. The song and "Tomodachi" appear in her debut anime, The Vision of Escaflowne. Both songs were included on Sakamoto's solo debut Grapefruit, with "Tomodachi" re-recorded in English as "My Best Friend."

Track listing

Charts

References

1996 songs
Maaya Sakamoto songs
Victor Entertainment singles
1996 debut singles
Anime songs
Songs written by Yoko Kanno
Songs with lyrics by Yuho Iwasato


The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Laos (ກະຊວງ ກະສິກຳ ແລະ ປ່າໄມ້ in Lao language) is a ministry of the government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Its acronym is MAF. The minister of Agriculture and Forestry is Lien Thikeo.

Departments

The ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is divided into several departments.

 Permanent Secretary Office (PSO)
 Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DOLF)
 Department of Agriculture (DOA)
 Department of Forestry (DOF)
 Department of Inspection (DOIN)
 Department of Irrigation (DOI)
 Department of Organization and Personnel (DOAP)
 Department of Planning and Finance (DoPF)
 Department of Policy and Legal Affairs (DoPLA)
 Department of Forestry (DOF)
 Department of Forest Inspection (DOFI)
 Department of Agricultural Extension and Cooperatives (DAEC)
 Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM)
 Council for Science and Technology (CST)
 National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI)

References

External links
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF)
Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF)
Department of Agriculture (DOA)
Department of Forestry (DOF)
Department of Inspection (DOIN)
Department of Irrigation (DOI)
Department of Organization and Personnel (DOPer)
Department of Planning (DOP)
 Department of agriculture Land Management (DLM)
Council for Science and Technology (CST)

Politics of Laos
Political organizations based in Laos
Laos
Laos
Forestry in Laos
Agriculture in Laos
Agricultural organizations based in Asia


Sami Rintala (born 1969) is a Finnish architect and artist. He studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, completing his studies in 1999. Rintala’s own work is based on narrative and conceptualism. The resulting work is a layered interpretation of the physical, mental and poetic resources of the site.

Casagrande & Rintala
Rintala first came to public and critical attention with the joint projects he made with Marco Casagrande, under their partnership, Casagrande & Rintala, from 1998 to 2003, when their partnership dissolved. Casagrande & Rintala produced a series of critically acknowledged architectural installations around the world, often at art biennales, including the Venice Biennale. These works combined architecture with a critical thinking towards society, nature and the real tasks of an architect, all within a cross-over art practice using space, light, materials and the human body as tools of expression.

Casagrande & Rintala had their first wider recognition in 1999 with the award-winning project 'Land(e)scape:' Three abandoned wooden barns were raised on  high legs to follow their farmers to the cities as a critical comment on the deserting process of the countryside. The barns were then set on fire.

In the Venice Biennale 2000 their project was 'Sixty Minute Man:' A ship sailed to Arsenal with a garden inside. The park was planted on sixty minutes of human waste from the city of Venice, becoming together with the old boat a three-dimensional collage of society waste, commenting on the Biennale theme ‘less aesthetics,  more ethics’.

Rintala Eggertsson Architects
In 2007, Rintala started a new architect's office with Icelandic architect Dagur Eggertsson, called Rintala Eggertsson Architects. In 2008 they were joined by Norwegian architect Vibeke Jenssen and became a partner in Rintala Eggertsson Architects in 2012. The office is based in both Oslo in southern Norway, and Bodø in northern Norway. Since the startup, Rintala Eggertsson Architects have manifested themselves as one of the principal architectural practices in Scandinavia. Their work has been exhibited in museums around the world, including the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, National Museum of Art in Beijing, the MAXXI museum in Rome and the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Copenhagen.

Workshops
An important part of Rintala and Eggertsson’s work is teaching and lecturing, which they have done in numerous university departments of art and architecture, symposiums and seminars. Their method is usually in the form of hands-on workshops where students and clients often are challenged to participate in the shaping of the human environment in a realistic 1:1 situation. Recent examples are the "Into the Landscape" installations around the lake Seljord, Norway and the "Miilu" pavilion for the Venice biennale in 2010. The previous year, the importance of their sustainable architecture teaching methods leads them to win a Global Award for Sustainable Architecture.

Rintala’s own work is based on narrative and conceptualism. The resulting work is a layered interpretation of the physical, mental and poetic resources of the site.

In 2009, at the request of the Alvar Aalto Academy, Rintala was invited to choose the theme for the 2009 international "Alvar Aalto Symposium" held every four years in the city of Jyväskylä: Rintala selected the conference theme of "Paracentric Architecture".

Works

Works by Casagrande & Rintala
Land(e)scape, installation art, Savonlinna, Finland, 1999.
1000 White Flags landscape installation: 1000 white flags of sheets from mental hospitals on ironing bars on a mountain, Koli National Park, Finland, 2000.
Convoy landscape installation on water: three abandoned rowing boats mounted vertically on the surface of Lake Saimaa, Rantasalmi, Finland, 2000.
Quatzalcoatlus, architectonic installation to the Havana Biennale, Havana, Cuba, 2000.
Architectonic installation of 15,000 books in Piazza Della Republica, Biennale Dell´Arte Contemporanea di Firenze 2001, Florence, Italy, 2001.
Architectonic installation in Anchorage, facing the Federal Building and Museum of History and Art, temple structure of used railroad oil tanks and oyster shells; Alaska Design Forum, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2003.

Works by Rintala
Hotel Kirkenes, Barents Art Triennale, 2005.
Element House, Bisan Urban Natural Park, Anyang Resort, South Korea, 2006.

Works by Rintala and Eggertsson
Amanogawa bridge, Tokaichi Millennium Forest, Hokkaido, Japan, 2007.
Boxhome: A 19 m2 house, containing basic dwelling functions.  Prototype built for Gallery ROM, Oslo, Norway, 2007.
Kaluga Floating Sauna, Archstoyanie 08 - Festival of Landscape Art, Ugra National Park, Russia, 2008.
Ordos 100 villa, part of development managed by Ai Weiwei and curated by Herzog & De Meuron, Inner-Mongolia, China, 2008.
Safe Haven Orphanage Library, Ban Tha Song Yang Village, Thailand, 2009.
Graph, installation for the Art Museum of China, 2009.
ARK booktower, installation for the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2010.
Cabinet Home, a prototype home created for the MAXXI Museum, Rome, 2010.
Seljord Lookout tower, Seljord, Norway, 2011.
Arboretum, public artwork for a home for juvenile immigrants, Gjøvik, Norway, 2011.
Concrete pavilion, for World Design Capital Helsinki 2012, Milano Triennale, 2012.
Hut-to-hut, prototype for a geotourist-dwelling, Kumta, Karnataka, India, 2012.
Dragonfly, for Treehotel Harads, Sweden, 2013.
Høse pedestrian bridge, Sand, Suldal, Norway, 2013.
Bus:Stop Kressbad, Krubach, Austria, 2014.

References
Works by Sami Rintala, ARK/Finnish Architectural Review, 5/2006. pp. 64–67.

Notes

External links
 Rintala Eggertsson Architects

Finnish architects
Finnish contemporary artists
Finnish installation artists
1969 births
Living people


Bridget Walters is an Australian actress and veteran member of the State Theatre Company of South Australia where she has performed in productions of Macbeth, Noises Off, Uncle Vanya and The Cripple of Inishmaan. Her brother is Sam Walters.

Filmography
Hey Hey It's Esther Blueburger (2008) .... Mrs Rosen

The 13th House (2003) .... Myopic Tropical Woman at Reception Desk

Devil in the Detail (1997) .... Mrs. Crookshank

Parklands (1996) .... Mrs. Roberts

Bad Boy Bubby (1993) .... Angel's mother

External links

 State Theatre Company of South Australia - Official Site

Australian film actresses
Australian stage actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


The acronym ICDE may refer to:
 International Council for Open and Distance Education
 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering


Homological dimension may refer to the global dimension of a ring. It may also refer to any other concept of dimension that is defined in terms of homological algebra, which includes:
 Projective dimension of a module, based on projective resolutions
 Injective dimension of a module, based on injective resolutions
 Weak dimension of a module, or flat dimension, based on flat resolutions
 Weak global dimension of a ring, based on the weak dimension of its modules
 Cohomological dimension of a group

Homological algebra


The International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) is a membership-led global organization in the field of online, open, flexible and technology enhanced education. It consists of more than 200 higher education institutions and organizations in some 84 countries.

Founded in 1938, the International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) has its permanent secretariat in Oslo, Norway. It is currently partly funded by a grant from the Government of Norway and has been hosted in Oslo since 1988.

Since 1960 ICDE has a partnership with UNESCO.

ICDE is a registered not-for-profit organization in Norway, operating under Norwegian law.

History

ICDE was founded in 1938 in Canada as the International Council for Correspondence Education (ICCE). The first World Conference was held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada the same year.
The idea for holding an international conference came from J. W. Gibson director of high school correspondence instruction for the province of British Columbia, who attended the National Conference on Supervised Correspondence Study in New York in 1936. Gibson shared with other delegates knowledge he had about correspondence education in several countries and then suggested that an international conference be held. Rex Haight, chair of the New York conference, supported the idea and later served as president for the first conference.

At the second conference, held in 1948, the delegates voted unanimously to establish a more permanent international council.

At the third conference, held in 1953 in Christchurch, New Zealand, a committee presented a proposed "Constitution and Rules" for the council that was adopted by the delegates. These rules helped the council became more established and conferences began to follow a more regular schedule.

In 1969 the 8th World Conference was held at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris to celebrate the affiliation with UNESCO.

In 1982 during the 12th World Conference held in Vancouver, the organization changed its name to "the International Council for Open and Distance Education" (ICDE).

In 1988 during the 14th ICDE World Conference held in Oslo, the King of Norway His Majesty King Olav V and the Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland both attended. This conference led to the establishment of the permamenent secretariat in Oslo.

Membership

ICDE is a membership organization with 10 different types of memberships: Individuals, Students, Associations, Colleges and Universities, Companies, Educational networks, Governmental organizations, Non-Governmental organizations, Secondary Schools.

World Conference
Since 2000 ICDE World Conference are organized biannually and on a different continent each time. The conference is traditionally organized at the invitation of an ICDE member.

Presidents

The first 10 years of the council the presidence was led by Rex Haight in Canada who was also the chair of the first ICCE World Conference held in Victoria in 1938. Since 1948 the presidency of the council has been limited to a maximum of 5 years.

Publications
ICDE regularly publishes or contributes to reports, surveys and articles on the following topics: Quality in Education; Online Education; Flexible Education; Elearning; Lifelong Learning; Higher Education; Distance Education; Open Education and OER (Open educational resources); Alternative Digital Credentials; Learning Analytics; Education Policies; Research and Innovation in Education; etc.

ICDE publishes the Open Praxis journal, a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal focusing on research and innovation in open, distance and flexible education.

References

External links

International educational organizations
Distance education institutions based in Norway


Garigeba khelmts'ip'is karisa (), translated into English as "Regulations of the Royal Court", "Institution of the Royal Court" or "Constitution of the Royal Court", is a medieval Georgian code of laws commonly assigned to the second reign of George V "the Brilliant" (r. 1314–1346), or to a period not far removed from it. Only part of the original text has been preserved in the form of a single 17th-century manuscript. It is an important document bearing on the structure of the Kingdom of Georgia and usefully supplements the account of the Georgian medieval court and state organization given by the early 18th-century scholar Prince Vakhushti in his description of Georgia.

What has survived of this treatise provides a systematic and minutely elucidated picture of the court, administrative machinery and social structure of the medieval Georgian state. Some clauses of the treatise are clearly based on tradition going back to the 11th and 12th centuries. Among the most important chapters are those dealing with court etiquette, including such ceremonies as the order for the coronation service, the king's dressing and robing, the serving of the royal dinner, audiences, and the celebration of major holidays and religious feast days. The duties and prerogatives of the ministers of state (viziers) are laid down, and the protocol for sessions of the Privy Council (savaziro) is set out. A chapter on the responsibilities of the amirspasalar (commander-in-chief) and his staff gives technical details on the equipment and armor supplied to the Georgian royal army.

The document was discovered and published by Ekvtime Takaishvili, Institution des cours royales, Tiflis, 1920 (Monumenta Georgica, tom. IV, no. 1). Much of the material contained in it is translated in English and incorporated in W.E.D. Allen, A History of the Georgian People, London, 1932. Another important edition is Ivane Surguladze (ed., Tbilisi, 1993), Regulations of the Royal Crown (ხელმწიფის კარის გარიგება), which includes English translation by Ketevan Surguladze.

References

14th century in law
Law of Georgia (country)
Kingdom of Georgia


Panorama Ridge Secondary is a public high school in the Vancouver suburb of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada and is part of School District 36 Surrey.  It has a French immersion program for students in grades 8-12 and approximately 20% of the school's students are enrolled in that program.  The school's website publishes notices in both English and Punjabi.  It opened in September 2006, and is the second newest secondary school in the Surrey School District.

Athletics
Panorama Ridge Secondary has a variety of sports teams, an after school volleyball league and intramurals ranging from soccer to ice hockey, volleyball, basketball, badminton, rugby, golf, cross country, among countless other activities. All of which run throughout the year. The school has won several championship banners, but are known for being 1-32 all-time against Tamanawis in senior boys basketball

School Culture

Panorama Ridge Secondary is a diverse school and has a variety of clubs, programs, and extracurricular activities that are offered. The school has a music program with concert band, jazz band, choir, and guitar courses offered. There are many clubs held at the school such as the we club, the vocal jazz club, the gingerbread team, and the activity club (for making new friends). The dance program at the school has a variety of teams and courses such as a lyrical team, multiple hip-hop teams, bhanrga teams and break teams. The school also has a large theatre department with musicals and plays held every year.

Pictures

References

High schools in Surrey, British Columbia
Educational institutions established in 2006
2006 establishments in British Columbia


Billy & Lillie were an American pop vocal duo, composed of Billy Ford (William T. Ford, March 9, 1919 or 1925 – March 1983) and Lillie Bryant (born February 14, 1940, Newburgh, New York).

Career
Billy Ford was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey; many sources give his birth year as 1925 (or 1927), but blues researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc state 1919.  He was a trumpeter, who recorded as a bandleader and accompanist for many labels from the mid-1940s.   He recorded two singles for United Records, credited to Billy Ford & the Thunderbirds, without attaining much commercial success.

Billy & Lillie recorded for Swan Records in the late 1950s, and charted three hit singles in the United States, two of them written by the songwriter and record producer Bob Crewe, and producer Frank Slay, known as Frank C. Slay, Jr. Crewe later became one of the most successful songwriters and producers in history, having produced or written most of the songs recorded by The Four Seasons. Frank C. Slay, Jr., co-wrote several songs with Bob Crewe, including "Tallahassee Lassie" by Freddy Cannon. He would also, later in 1967, produce the hit "Incense and Peppermints" by The Strawberry Alarm Clock.

The first single, "La Dee Dah" (written by Crewe), was the only one of them to hit the Top 10 on the Billboard chart, peaking at No. 9. It was released on Swan Records, catalog reference #4002. It sold over 1,000,000 copies and was awarded a gold disc. When they performed "La Dee Dah" for Dick Clark's American Bandstand, Clark liked their song so much that he asked the songwriters to write another song. Crewe and Slay came up with their third single release, "Lucky Ladybug".

The Billy & Lillie version of "Lucky Ladybug" was No. 14 hit on the Billboard chart, released by Swan Records (catalog #4020). Both "La Dee Dah" and "Lucky Ladybug" referred in their lyrics to a number of other recent popular hits, a formula first used by Larry Williams in his hit "Short Fat Fannie" "Lucky Ladybug" was later covered by The Four Seasons, and appeared on the B-side of their hit "Walk Like a Man" (1963).

Ford died in 1983 (though some sources suggest 1985). Bryant returned to her hometown of Newburgh, New York, and became a community activist.  She was the Democratic candidate for mayor of Newburgh in 2007. She lost the election to the Republican candidate by 150 votes.

Singles
"La Dee Dah" (1958) U.S. Billboard Hot 100 #9
"Bells, Bells, Bells (The Bell Song)" (1959) U.S. #88
"Lucky Ladybug" (1959) U.S. #14

References

American pop music groups
American musical duos
Swan Records artists
ABC Records artists


Owen Pochman (born August 2, 1977) is a former American football placekicker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants (2001–2002) and San Francisco 49ers (2003). He was drafted in the seventh round of the 2001 NFL Draft. Pochman is an alumnus of Brigham Young University.

Post football
Following his NFL career Owen Pochman wrote a book, I'm Just a Kicker, and dated Brande Roderick.  He is a realtor at Mercer Vine and resides in Los Angeles, California.

References

1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Renton, Washington
Players of American football from King County, Washington
American football punters
American football placekickers
BYU Cougars football players
New York Giants players
San Francisco 49ers players
Mercer Island High School alumni


Pamela Irene Erickson (born 12 April 1951) is a medical anthropologist.  The holder of both a Dr.P.H (Public Health, UCLA 1988) and a PhD (Anthropology, SUNY Buffalo 1993), she is Professor of Anthropology and Community Medicine at the University of Connecticut, Storrs.  A former editor of the scholarly journal Medical Anthropology Quarterly, much of her own research has focused on reproductive health among Hispanic girls and young women.  Prominent among the publications resulting from these investigations is her 1998 book, Latina Adolescent Childbearing in East Los Angeles. Erickson has also done fieldwork in Nepal, the Philippines, India, and Ecuador and this work is reflected in her 2008 textbook, Ethnomedicine.  A Fellow of the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology, Erickson has also served on the Governing Council of the Family and Reproductive Health Section of the American Public Health Association.  Additionally, she is co-editor, with Merrill Singer of the book series Advances in Critical Medical Anthropology with Routledge.

Selected publications

Books

Articles

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130921231500/http://www.chip.uconn.edu/chipweb/bio.php?id=40
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193330/http://www.cehdl.uconn.edu/affiliates/perickson.html

1951 births
Living people
Medical anthropologists
UCLA School of Public Health alumni
University at Buffalo alumni


Ramashreya Jha (11 August 1928 – 1 January 2009) was a distinguished composer, musician, scholar and teacher of Hindustani Classical music. He was the Head of the Department of Music in Allahabad University from 1980 to 1989. He was known for his deep knowledge, creative genius and his gifts as a teacher.  His five-volume anthology Abhinava Geetanjali ranks high among the most influential works in Hindustani music. It contains critical analysis of ragas supplemented by numerous traditional and self-conceived compositions.

Achievements
Among the first to notice Jha-sahab's magnificent compositions and parlay them was the famous maestro, the late Jitendra Abhisheki, who sang and taught Ramrang's many compositions.

In 1968, he was appointed to the faculty of Allahabad University and later in 1980 promoted to the position of Head of the Music Department. This move by the University was in recognition of genuine merit because Ramrang held no formal college degrees. He retired from his active professorial duties in 1989.

In 2005, Ramrang received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award from Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. Ramrang died 1 January 2009, in Kolkata, India, due to complications following heart surgery.

Among his well-known disciples are Vidushi Kamla Bose, Shubha Mudgal and Late Dr.Geeta Banerjee.

References

External links
Ramrang – A Life in Music
Mehfil-e-Ramrang, a photo album
Ramrang – A Bouquet of Compositions
A Stroll in Ramrang's Garden
Ramashreya Jha
Life of Ramashreya Jha in Maithili

1928 births
2009 deaths
Hindustani singers
Musicians from Bihar
Academic staff of the University of Allahabad
Indian music educators
Indian musicologists
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Indian classical composers
Hindustani composers
20th-century Indian singers
Indian male composers
20th-century musicologists
20th-century Indian male singers


The Marriage of Phaedra is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in The Troll Garden in 1905

Plot introduction
MacMaster visits a late painter's studio and attempts to collect information to write his biography.

Explanation of the title
'The Marriage of Phaedra' is an unfinished painting by Hugh Treffinger.

Plot summary
MacMaster goes to Hugh Treffinger's studio in Holland Road, London. He is greeted by James, who shows him around. Later, he visits Lady Mary Percy, whom he had met in Nice four years back. She criticises Hugh for his lack of manners and for his pride.  MacMaster takes to going to the studio to garner information from James. He meets Ellen Treffinger to tell her of his project of a biography. Later, he grows wary of an arts dealer, Lichtenstein. One day, James shows him an issue of The Times saying Ellen is engaged to get married, and she has sold 'The Marriage of Phaedra' to the arts dealer. However, James has stolen the painting as Hugh had made it clear to him before his death that he did not want it sold. MacMaster conjectures they have to tell Ellen of the situation. When he visits her the next day, she says the painting will have to go.

Characters
MacMaster, the protagonist. He sets out to write a biography of Hugh Treffinger.
Hugh Treffinger, a painter.
James, Hugh Treffinger's valet.
Lady Mary Percy, Ellen Treffinger's only sister.
Lady Ellen Treffinger, Hugh Treffinger's widow.
Ghillini, a friend of Hugh's.
Lichtenstein, a Jewish arts dealer from Melbourne, Australia.
Captain Alexander Gresham, Ellen Treffinger's new husband.

Allusions to other works
Hugh is said to have sought inspiration from Roman de la Rose, Boccaccio, and Amadis
The painting itself mentions Phaedra, who marries Theseus, and then fall for her stepson Hippolytus.

Allusions to actual history
Charlemagne and Blanche of Castile are mentioned with regards to Hugh's paintings.

Literary significance and criticism
The story may be inspired by Cather's 1902 visit of Edward Burne-Jones's studio in Kensington; she used the real name, James, of Burne-Jones's valet.

Further, the story has been deemed Jamesian for its narrative technique and its use of the painting as a means to convey meaning.

References

External links
Full text at the Willa Cather Archive

1905 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather


Our Lady of Assumption College (informally referred to as OLAC) is a private non-sectarian school which is located at RSBS Blvd., San Lorenzo South, Malitlit, Santa Rosa City, Laguna, Philippines. Contact No. (049) 837-83-71.

History
After five years of operation at Our Lady of Assumption College - (Main Campus), its founders decided to put up another school and give way to the birth of OLAC Santa Rosa, offering a complete program from Pre-Elementary to High School.

In April 2006, the West wing of the school was demolished to give way to the construction of a new building.  It was formally opened last June 2007.

Location
OLAC Santa Rosa is located at Phase 1, Main Road, RSBS Blvd., San Lorenzo South, Malitlit, Santa Rosa City, Laguna.

Courses offered
 K to 12

Facilities
 Science Laboratory
 Computer Laboratory
 Speech Laboratory
 Audio-Visual Room
 Library
 Mini-Chapel
 Basketball Court
 Playground

Gallery

Other branches
 OLAC San Pedro - Main Campus (Villa Olympia Subd., San Pedro, Laguna)
 OLAC Cabuyao (Mabuhay City Phase 2 & Phase 6, Mamatid, Cabuyao, Laguna)
 OLAC Tanauan (N. Gonzales Street, Poblacion II, Tanauan, Batangas)

References
 OLAC Handbook

High schools in Laguna (province)
Private schools in the Philippines
Education in Santa Rosa, Laguna
Universities and colleges in Laguna (province)


is a public university located in the city of Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. There is a campus in Moriyama-ku, Nagoya which is for the nursing school, namely Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health.  The predecessor of the school was founded in 1947, and it was chartered as a university in 1966.

Rankings

External links
 Official website

Universities and colleges established in 1947
Public universities in Japan
Aichi Prefectural University
1947 establishments in Japan
Nagakute, Aichi


Cham Wings Airlines (, previously known as Sham Wing Airlines) is a private Syrian airline with its head office in Damascus, Syria. The company slogan is Fly Beyond The Limits.

History
Cham Wings Airlines was established on 9 July 2006 as the first private airline in Syria by independent Syrian businessman Issam Shammout. The main hub for the airline is Damascus International Airport. The company obtained officially an Aircraft Operators Certificate (AOC) issued by the Syrian Civil Aviation Authority (SCAA) on September 23, 2007. Although the AOC  comes second after the main national carrier of Syria, Syrian Air, the AOC authorised the company to operate non-scheduled charter flights only.

The company leased one MD aircraft and commenced its first flight from Damascus to Baghdad International Airport on March 3, 2008.

In 2008, a newcomer entered the market under the name Syrian Pearl Airlines of ownership: Cham Holding 69% (Rami Makhlouf major shareholder), Syrianair 25%, Aqeeq Aviation/Aquila Holding 6%, (Aqeeq and Al Deshtei Kuwaiti). The partnership with Syrian Air gave Syrian Pearl the opportunity to operate scheduled flights, unlike Cham Wings which struggled in operating charter flights to destinations that Syrian Air hardly approves.  Even though Syrian Pearl never started its operations, Cham Wings could not turn profitable operating only charter flights. The company terminated its operations in 2012 following the unrest in Syria.

In 2014, Cham Wings Airlines obtained the approval to operate scheduled flights becoming the second national carrier in Syria. It then recommenced its operations to serve destinations like Beirut, Kuwait, Baghdad, and Qamishli.

In 2016, it was targeted by United States sanctions for providing support to the Syrian government.

In 2018 the airline advertised transporting Syrian refugees in Germany from Munich to Damascus and back, which can lead to the loss of their asylum status.

In June 2021, Ukraine blacklisted the airline due to the flights to Crimea.

Due to ongoing 2021 Belarus–European Union border crisis, Cham Wings Airlines terminated their flights from Damascus to Minsk on short notice in November 2021, stating they cannot distinguish between regular travellers and illegal migrants. In December 2021, European Union sanctioned Cham Wings Airlines, accusing it of flying migrants to the Belarusian-Polish border and exacerbating the crisis. Switzerland joined the EU sanctions on December 20. EU sanctions imposed as a result of this accusation were lifted on 19 July 2022.

Ownership
Cham Wings Airlines is 100% privately owned by Syrian businessman Issam Shammout. The airline is part of his family business, Shammout Groups which operate in the automotive, steel and freight sectors.

Destinations
Cham Wings operates the following services (as of 1 June 2023):

Fleet

The Cham Wings Airlines fleet comprises the following aircraft (as of June 2022):

Sponsorship
As of 2021, the airline has been the official jersey sponsor of the Syria national basketball team.

References

External links
Cham Wings Airlines official website

Airlines of Syria
Low-cost carriers
Airlines established in 2007
Syrian companies established in 2007
Companies based in Damascus
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List