Vasily Grishchenkov () born 23 January 1958) is a retired triple jumper from the Soviet Union, best known for winning the silver medal at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece. He set the world's best year performance in 1983 with a leap of 17.55 metres (personal best), achieved on 19 June 1983 in Moscow.

References

1958 births
Living people
Soviet male triple jumpers
Russian male triple jumpers
Place of birth missing (living people)
European Athletics Championships medalists


Charles S. Liebman (Hebrew: ישעיהו ליבמן) (New York City October 20, 1934 – September 3, 2003) was a political scientist and prolific author on Jewish life and Israel. A professor at Bar-Ilan University, he previously served on university faculties in the United States.

Biography
In 1965, Liebman published a pioneering essay, “Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life,” in the American Jewish Year Book. His 14 books include Ambivalent American Jew: Politics, Religion, and Family in American Jewish Life. According to Cohen (2003), Liebman "argued that American Jews struggle to integrate into the larger society while trying to maintain a distinctive group identity." According to Orthodox Rabbi Reuven Bulka, "Liebman's exhaustive study was an eye-opener for many who had dismissed Orthodoxy as a negligible force on the American Jewish scene and also was a partial harbinger of much more literature on Orthodoxy which has proliferated ever since."

In a provocative paper, "Extremism as a Religious Norm," Liebman (1983) analyzes religious extremism in Israel and argues that "religious extremism is the norm and that it is not religious extremism but religious moderation that requires explanation." A critical respondent appreciated the description of Israel but rejected Liebman's generalization as begging the question of whether "extremism should be regarded as "normal religion or even religion at all" (Cumpsty 1985:217).

In a 1990 study of American and Israeli Judaism (“Two Worlds of Judaism”), Liebman articulated a concept of "Jewish personalism" which, writes his co-author, is "the tendency of American Jews to pick those parts of Judaism they find personally meaningful, rather than complying with external requirements of religious law, Zionist ideology or ethnic obligation" (Cohen 2003).

He was born in New York City and attended secondary school at the Gymnasia Herzliya in Tel Aviv. He earned degrees from the University of Miami (B.A.) and University of Illinois (M.A., Ph.D.). He moved to Israel in 1969. With his wife Carol, he had three children. He was an observant Jew, concerned about intermarriage, served in the Israeli Defense Forces on an education unit, and was politically a dove regarding Israel. (Cohen 2003)

Personally, Liebman is said to have had a "fierce devotion to honesty, even at the risk of unpopularity" (Cohen 2003). For example, in a book review, he writes: "If a [reviewer] can't be kind he must be fair. I find it impossible to be kind to an author who writes.... a statement comparable to saying that an American state is located somewhere between New York and California. ... Since I cannot be kind I will try very hard to be fair. The book does have redeeming features" (Liebman 1984:137f.).

In November 2007, the Jewish Theological Seminary published a memorial volume, Ambivalent American Jew: Politics, Religion, and Family in American Jewish Life (Stuart Cohen and Bernard Susser, editors). According to an obituary in The Forward, "Liebman was widely regarded as the pre-eminent social scientist of Jews and Judaism in the latter third of the 20th century" (Cohen 2003).

Awards
 In 2000, Liebman was awarded the Marshall Sklare Award.
 In 2003, Liebman was awarded the Israel Prize, for government studies.

Selected works
"Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life" in the American Jewish Year Book 1966, pp. 21–92, 1965. (pdf version)
Ambivalent American Jew: Politics, Religion, and Family in American Jewish Life, Varda Books, 2001.
 Aspects of the Religious Behavior of American Jews. New York: Ktav Pub. House, 1974.
 Attitudes Toward Jewish-Gentile Relations in the Jewish Tradition and Contemporary Israel. Cape Town: Kaplan Centre, Jewish Studies & Research, University of Cape Town, 1983.
Deceptive Images: Toward a Redefinition of American Judaism 1988, Transaction Publishers.
"Extremism as a Religious Norm," in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22:1, 75–86. March 1983.
Li-Ḥeyot be-Yaḥad: Yaḥase Datiyim-Ḥiloniyim Ba-Ḥevrah Ha-Yiśreʼelit. Jerusalem: Keter Avi ḥai, 1990.
Liḳrat teoryah Shel Ha-Liberalizm Ha-Yehudi. Jerusalem: Agudah le-ḥeḳer ha-ḳehilah ha-Yehudit, 1985.
Pressure without Sanctions: The Influence of World Jewry on Israeli Policy. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1977.
Reconceptualizing the Culture Conflict among Israeli Jews. Zivion. Vol. 1. Ramat Gan: Zivion, Jolson Center for Israel, Judaism & Democracy, Faculty of Law, Bar-Ilan University, 2001.
Religion, Democracy and Israeli Society. The Sherman Lecture Series. Vol. 2. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1997.
Retsaḥ Poliṭi: Retsaḥ Rabin u-Retsiḥot Poliṭiyot Ba-Mizraḥ-Ha-Tikhon. Sidrat Taḳriv. Vol. 1. Tel Aviv: Merkaz Yitsḥaḳ Rabin le-ḥeḳer Yiśraʼel : ʻAm ʻoved, 1998.
Religious and Secular: Conflict and Accommodation between Jews in Israel. New York, N.Y.: Keter Pub. House, 1990.
"Reconstructionism in American Jewish Life," in American Jewish Yearbook, 1970
[Review:] "The World of the Yeshiva: An Intimate Portrait of Orthodox Jewry by William B. Helmreich in AJS Review, 9:1 (Spring, 1984), pp. 137–140. (JSTOR)
"Myth, Tradition and Values in Israeli Society" in Midstream 24, 1978"
Yehude Ameriḳah Ṿe-Yiśrael. Jerusalem: Agudah le-ḥeḳer ha-ḳehilah ha-Yehudit, 1984.
Liebman, Charles S. and Steven Martin Cohen. Two Worlds of Judaism : The Israeli and American Experiences. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
Liebman, Charles S. and Eliʻezer Don-Yiḥya. Religion and Politics in Israel. Jewish Political and Social Studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
Liebman, Charles S. Civil Religion in Israel : Traditional Judaism and Political Culture in the Jewish State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Liebman, Charles S. and Elihu Katz. The Jewishness of Israelis : Responses to the Guttman Report. SUNY Series in Israeli Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
Liebman, Charles S. and Śarah Libman. Nośʼim Nivḥarim Ba-Havanat Ha-Ḳehilah Ha-Yehudit be-Artsot Ha-Berit. Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv: ha-Universiṭah ha-petuḥah, 1988.
 Liebman, Charles S. and Merkaz Argov. A Research Agenda for American Jews. Israel: Bar-Ilan University, Dept. of Political Studies, 2001.
 Susser, Bernard and Charles S. Liebman. Choosing Survival : Strategies for a Jewish Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
 Tabory, Mala and Charles S. Liebman. "Jewish International Activity : An Annotated Bibliography". Research Aids / Bar Ilan University, the Argov Center. Vol. 1. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, The Argov Center, 1985.

More available online: Charles Liebman on the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner.

See also
List of Israel Prize recipients

Notes

References
Butler, Menachem. "About Charles S. Liebman" July 18, 2004,  and "Prof. Charles S. Liebman's 'Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life'" July 28, 2006
Cohen, Steven M. "Charles Liebman Shed Light on Jewish Culture: Social Scientist Pioneered Pivotal Studies of Contemporary Jewry" in The Forward Sept. 12, 2003.
Cumpsty, John. "Glutton, Gourmet or Bon Vivant: A Response to Charles S. Liebman" in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 24:2 (June 1985), pp. 217–221. (JSTOR)
 Kirschenbaum, Sherry. "JTS Announces Publication of Ambivalent Jew: Charles Liebman in Memoriam"
 Prell, Riv-Ellen. "Necrology Charles S. Liebman (1934--2003)" in Jewish Quarterly Review 94:4 Fall 2004, pp. 672–676

External links
Charles Liebman collection on the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner

1934 births
2003 deaths
Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium alumni
20th-century American Jews
Israel Prize in political science recipients
Jewish scholars
Judaic scholars
American political scientists
People from New York (state)
University of Miami alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Burials at Segula Cemetery
21st-century American Jews
Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University


Fountain Creek Bridge is a limestone arch bridge which crosses Fountain Creek near Waterloo in Monroe County, Illinois, USA. The bridge was constructed in 1849 and served as a road bridge until the 1920s, when Illinois Route 156 opened on a new bridge. During the nineteenth century, stone arch bridges were commonly built in regions with stone quarries, such as Monroe County; roughly 100 stone bridges were built in the county. The Fountain Creek Bridge is the largest remaining stone arch bridge in the county and the second-largest which was only used by road traffic in the state.

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978.

References

Buildings and structures in Monroe County, Illinois
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Bridges completed in 1849
1849 establishments in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Illinois
Stone arch bridges in the United States


Leonhard Reichartinger (?? – 1396) was a Crusader of Bavarian nobility, who may have come from the vicinity of Trostberg. Reichartinger participated in one of the last great crusades of the Middle Ages, the Battle of Nicopolis. The Nicopolis Crusade was ordered by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary against the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I. Reichartinger was killed in the battle. His death is mentioned in Johann Schiltberger's account of the battle.

14th-century German nobility
Christians of the Battle of Nicopolis
Bavarian nobility
Military personnel killed in action


HMS Dorsetshire, the first Royal Navy ship to be named after the county of Dorset, was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Southampton on 8 December 1694.

Dorsetshire came under the command of Edward Whitaker in 1704 and she was at the capture of Gibraltar (but out of commission). Whitaker then took the ship to play a part in the Battle of Málaga the same year.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Portsmouth Dockyard, and relaunched on 20 September 1712. As built, Dorsetshire had carried her 80-gun armament on two decks, but during this rebuild they were redistributed over a third gundeck, although she continued to be classified as a third rate.

Dorsetshire continued to serve until 1749, when she was sold out of the navy.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


Nikola Plećaš (born January 10, 1948) is a former Yugoslavian professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6'2") tall, and a weight of 86 kg (190 lbs.), he played at the point guard and shooting guard positions.

He was considered to be one of the greatest European basketball players of the 1960s and 1970s. During his playing career, he was nicknamed Sveti Nikola. Plećaš is an ethnic Serb.

Club career
Plećaš began his playing career with the youth teams of Mladost Zagreb. He then played professionally with Lokomotiva Zagreb and Kvarner Rijeka. He was a member FIBA European Selection team, in 1970 and 1972. He won the European-wide 3rd-tier level FIBA Korać Cup championship, in 1972.

Yugoslavian national team
Plećaš was a member of the senior Yugoslavian national basketball team. With Yugoslavia's senior national team, he won the silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 1970 FIBA World Championship, and the silver medal at the 1974 FIBA World Championship. He also played at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

See also
 Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League career stats leaders

References

Sources
 Nikola Plećaš - Scorer with no flaw

External links
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile

1948 births
Living people
People from Gračac
Serbs of Croatia
Basketball players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
FIBA EuroBasket-winning players
KK Cibona players
KK Gorica coaches
Olympic basketball players for Yugoslavia
Olympic medalists in basketball
Olympic silver medalists for Yugoslavia
Yugoslav men's basketball players
1970 FIBA World Championship players
1974 FIBA World Championship players
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Competitors at the 1967 Mediterranean Games
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Point guards
Shooting guards
FIBA World Championship-winning players
Mediterranean Games medalists in basketball
KK Kvarner players


Demon Strings are a British stringed instrument group. They are best known for being the in-house string section for musician Damon Albarn, having recorded and performed live for several of his projects including The Good, the Bad & the Queen, Gorillaz, Blur and Monkey: Journey to the West.

Career
Formed in 2005 by cellist Isabelle Dunn (aka. Izzi Dunn) and manager Tee Bowry, Demon Strings is composed of some of the UK's finest string players specializing in live, television and recorded work.

As Damon Albarn's "in-house" string section, Demon Strings worked closely with him on several of his projects. These included the Gorillaz album Demon Days, a run of shows at The Manchester Opera House and the Apollo Theater and several TV performances. Continuing the relationship, 2007 saw Demon Strings tour Europe and the US with Albarn's The Good, the Bad & the Queen. They have also performed the orchestration for Blur's eight studio album The Magic Whip.

Another of Albarn's projects, Monkey: Journey to the West saw the Demon Strings as part of the orchestra for runs at the Royal Opera House, Palace Theatre Manchester, Théâtre du Châtelet and culminated in a three-month run at The O2.

In 2008, Demon Strings joined producer Mark Ronson on his world tour promoting his Version album, headlining many  festivals including Glastonbury, Big Day Out (Australia) and Coachella (US).

In 2014, Demon Strings, were given an official credit for strings on Albarn's debut solo studio album Everyday Robots and have featured in several live performances from Albarn promoting the album, including The One Show.

As of the release of Everyday Robots, the group has consisted of Stella Page, Isabelle Dunn, Ollie "Oli" Langford, Alice Pratley, Kotono Sato and Antonia Pagulatos. Isabelle, Stella and Antonia all featured on the Demon Days album by Gorillaz prior to the formation of Demon Strings.

Discography
 2005 - Gorillaz - Demon Days
 2007 - The Good, the Bad & the Queen - The Good, the Bad & the Queen
 2008 - Damon Albarn - Journey to the West
 2010 - Gorillaz - Plastic Beach
 2014 - Damon Albarn - Everyday Robots
 2015 - Blur - The Magic Whip
 2018 - The Good, the Bad & the Queen - Merrie Land
 2020 - Gorillaz - Song Machine, Season One: Strange Timez
 2021 - Gorillaz - Meanwhile EP

References

Damon Albarn
English classical music groups
Musical groups established in 2005


Gryton () was a Boeotian potter who worked in the first half of the 6th century BC. He is only known by his signature on the sole of a plastic aryballos in the shape of a sandal-clad foot, which is housed in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. A catalogue of his works was published by Raubitschek along with works of ancient Boeotian potters. These included the Ring Aryballos, which is part of a collection of Berlin's Staatliche Museen.

An interpretation of Rudolf Wachter based on the inscriptions of Boeotian vases also identified Gryton as a name derived from γρύτα, which meant container of ointments.

References

Anthony E. Raubitschek, Isabelle K. Raubitschek: Early Boeotian Potters. In Hesperia. 35, 1966, p. 154–165.
Rainer Vollkommer: Gryton. Artists lexicon of antiquity. Bd  1, 2001, p. 272
Rudolf Wachter: Non-attic Greek vase inscriptions. Oxford 2001, p. 9

Ancient Boeotians
Ancient Greek potters


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Polk County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 76 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.

Current listings

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Polk County


This is a list of historic companies in Omaha. These businesses were either located in Omaha, founded in Omaha and/or still functioning in Omaha.

See also
 History of Omaha
 Historic hospitals in Omaha

References

Companies

Historic companies


Jorma Kalevi Härkönen (born 17 May 1956 in Saari) is a retired middle distance runner from Finland. He is best known for winning the bronze medal at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece.

References
1982 Year Ranking

1956 births
Living people
People from Parikkala
Finnish male middle-distance runners
European Athletics Championships medalists
Sportspeople from South Karelia


The dividend payout ratio is the fraction of net income a firm pays to its stockholders in dividends:

The part of earnings not paid to investors is left for investment to provide for future earnings growth. Investors seeking high current income and limited capital growth prefer companies with a high dividend payout ratio. However, investors seeking capital growth may prefer a lower payout ratio because capital gains are taxed at a lower rate. High growth firms in early life generally have low or zero payout ratios. As they mature, they tend to return more of the earnings back to investors. The dividend payout ratio is calculated as DPS/EPS.

According to Financial Accounting by Walter T. Harrison, the calculation for the payout ratio is as follows:

Payout Ratio = (Dividends - Preferred Stock Dividends)/Net Income

The dividend yield is given by earnings yield times the dividend payout ratio:

Conversely, the P/E ratio is the Price/Dividend ratio times the DPR.

Impact of buybacks
Some companies choose stock buybacks as an alternative to dividends; in such cases this ratio becomes less meaningful. One way to adapt it using an augmented payout ratio:

Augmented Payout Ratio = (Dividends + Buybacks)/ Net Income for the same period

Historic data
The data for S&P 500 is taken from a 2006 Eaton Vance post. The payout rate has gradually declined from 90% of operating earnings in 1940s to about 30% in recent years.

For smaller, growth companies, the average payout ratio can be as low as 10%.

See also
Dividend
Dividend yield
Liquidating dividend
Retention ratio
Special dividend
Sustainable growth rate

References

Payout ratio
Financial ratios


The Mr. Men Show (sometimes referred to as Mr. Men Little Miss or simply Mr. Men) is an animated children's television series based on the original series of Mr. Men books created by the British author and illustrator Roger Hargreaves—later with his son Adam Hargreaves. Adapted from the published source material into a variety program—unlike the original basis for the show, it features comedy sketches (primarily), pantomimes, dance numbers, and music videos.

The series aired on Channel 5's Milkshake! in the United Kingdom, and the United States both on Cartoon Network and Boomerang.

Summary
Loosely based on the classic children's book series Mr. Men and Little Miss, the show takes place in the fictional town of Dillydale. The show revolves around the characters from the books (though a few of the characters were made for the show) and their everyday adventures. The original Mr. Men of Mr. Tickle, Mr. Happy. Mr. Nosey, Mr. Bump, Mr. Messy, Mr. Small, Mr. Nervous, Mr. Noisy, Mr. Lazy, Mr. Funny, Mr. Fussy, Mr. Bounce, Mr. Strong, Mr. Grumpy, Mr. Quiet, Mr. Tall, Mr. Rude, and two new Mr. Men characters Mr. Scatterbrain and Mr. Stubborn. The original Little Misses of Miss Bossy, Miss Naughty, Miss Sunshine, Miss Giggles, Miss Helpful, Miss Magic, Miss Chatterbox, Miss Curious, Miss Scary, Miss Whoops, and two new Little Misses characters Miss Calamity and Miss Daredevil.

Voice cast

American voices
 Alicyn Packard - Little Miss Naughty, Little Miss Sunshine and Little Miss Whoops
 Cheryl Chase - Little Miss Bossy and Little Miss Curious
 Godfrey - Mr. Stubborn and Mr. Tall
 Jeff Stewart - Mr. Tickle
 Joey D'Auria - Mr. Pernickety/Mr. Fussy, Mr. Rude, Mr. Scatterbrain and Narrator
 Katie Leigh - Little Miss Chatterbox, Little Miss Daredevil and Little Miss Helpful
 Paul Greenberg - Mr. Bump and Mr. Quiet
 Peter Rida Michail - Mr. Messy
 Phil Lollar - Mr. Lazy, Mr. Small and Mr. Strong
 Prudence Alcott - Little Miss Calamity and Little Miss Magic
 Reba West- Little Miss Giggles
 Richard Epcar - Mr. Noisy
 Rick Zieff - Mr. Nosy and Mr. Nervous
 Sam Gold - Mr. Bounce, Mr. Grumpy and Mr. Happy
 Susan Balboni - Little Miss Scary

British voices
 Alex Kelly - Little Miss Scary (Season 2) and Little Miss Bossy
 Alicyn Packard - Little Miss Sunshine (singing)
 Aline Mowat - Little Miss Calamity
 Claire Morgan - Little Miss Curious and Little Miss Giggles
 Emma Tate - Little Miss Sunshine (Season 2), Little Miss Helpful (Season 2) and Little Miss Magic
 Jo Wyatt - Little Miss Helpful (Season 1), Little Miss Naughty (Season 1), Little Miss Scary (Season 1) and Little Miss Sunshine (Season 1)
 Joey D'Auria - Mr. Rude and Mr. Scatterbrain
 Keith Wickham - Mr. Small and Mr. Tall
 Lewis Macleod - Mr. Stubborn
 Paul Greenberg - Mr. Bump (singing)
 Peter Rida Michail - Mr. Messy (singing)
 Richard Epcar - Mr. Noisy (screaming)
 Rob Rackstraw - Mr. Happy (Season 2), Mr. Messy, Mr. Noisy, Mr. Pernickety/Mr. Fussy and Mr. Tickle
 Simon Callow - Narrator
 Simon Greenall - Mr. Strong, Mr. Happy (Season 1), Mr. Bounce, Mr. Bump, Mr. Grumpy and Mr. Quiet
 Steven Kynman - Mr. Nosey
 Teresa Gallagher - Little Miss Naughty (Season 2), Little Miss Chatterbox, Little Miss Daredevil and Little Miss Whoops
 Tim Whitnall Mr. Strong (singing), Mr. Lazy and Mr. Nervous

Staff credits
 Kate Boutilier and Eryk Casemiro - Executive producers
 Mark Risley - Director (co-director from "Radio/Supermarket" onwards)
 Darrell Van Citters - Co-director (from "Radio/Supermarket" onwards)
 Mike Hollingsworth - Storyboard artist

Episodes

Series overview

Season 1 (2008)
Note: All episodes in this season were directed by Mark Risley.

Season 2 (2009)
Note: The first 11 episodes in this season were directed by Mark Risley and the remaining 15 episodes were directed by Mark Risley and Darrell Van Citters. All episodes in this season were written by Kate Boutilier & Eryk Casemiro except "Up and Down" which was written by Mark Risley and Michael Daedalus Kenny and "Library" which was written by Mark Risley and Sean Pendergrass.

Production
The Mr. Men Show was produced in Los Angeles by Renegade Animation, who were well-known for producing Cartoon Network's Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, and Chorion in New York City and London for Five and Cartoon Network, respectively.

Adaptations
In 2008, some artistic license was taken in order to adapt the books for television, including name changes, design alterations, and the creation of several new characters. The same year, Mr. Rude, Mr. Quiet, Mr. Strong, Mr. Grumpy, Mr. Fussy, Little Miss Naughty, Little Miss Whoops, Mr. Messy, Little Miss Helpful, Mr. Small, Mr. Nosey, Mr. Jelly, Mr. Lazy, Little Miss Magic, Mr. Tall, Little Miss Bossy, Mr. Funny and Little Miss Curious had undergone re-imaginings, with Mr. Jelly furthermore being renamed to Mr. Nervous (although Mr. Nosey was renamed Mr. Nosy in the U.S. broadcast and, in Season 1, Mr. Fussy was renamed Mr. Persnickety in the U.S. broadcast and Mr. Pernickety in the U.K. broadcast). As well as this, Little Miss Calamity, Little Miss Daredevil, Mr. Scatterbrain, Mr. Stubborn and Mr. Metal were created exclusively for the television series. Little Miss Fickle, Little Miss Fabulous and the Little Miss Twins were planned to be in the series as well, but they were removed per request by Cartoon Network.

Dillydale

In Roger Hargreaves' original book series, each of the Mr. Men and Little Miss characters were given a hometown: Happyland, Tiddletown, Nonsenseland, etc. In the television series, all of the characters live in the same city, the township of Dillydale. The name "Dillydale" was coined by series producer Peggy Regan. To commemorate the historic naming, she was presented with a plaque and the honorary title of "The Mayor of Dillydale".

References

External links

2000s American animated television series
2000s American anthology television series
2000s American sketch comedy television series
2000s American variety television series
2008 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s British animated television series
2000s British anthology television series
2000s British television sketch shows
2008 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
2000s preschool education television series
American children's animated anthology television series
American children's animated comedy television series
American children's animated musical television series
American flash animated television series
American preschool education television series
American television shows based on children's books
Animated preschool education television series
Animated television series reboots
Cartoon Network original programming
Channel 5 (British TV channel) original programming
Boomerang (TV network) original programming
British children's animated anthology television series
British children's animated comedy television series
British children's animated musical television series
British flash animated television series
British preschool education television series
British television shows based on children's books
British variety television shows
American television series based on British television series
English-language television shows
Children's sketch comedy


Stronger Than Ever is the fourth studio album by German heavy metal band Grave Digger. However, they changed their name to just "Digger" for this release. Retrospect Records, a little-known record label, very briefly issued a re-release of the album on CD in 2005.  The CD was released with presumably no involvement from the band and is considered a bootleg. The CD is no longer available and the only official versions of the album that were released by the band are the vinyl and cassette versions. To this day it remains the only album in Grave Digger's catalog to not receive an official CD release. "Shadows of the Past" borrows two lyrical lines from "Yesterday", a song released on their 1984 album Heavy Metal Breakdown.

Track listing

Notes
 The 1987 cassette release contains an exclusive untitled intro before "Shadows of the Past", which is not listed
 The track listing is erroneously printed on the back cover as:
 Stand Up and Rock
 Wanna Get Close
 Lay It On
 Don't Leave Me Lonely
 Stronger than Ever
 I Don't Need Your Love
 Moonriders
 Stay till the Morning
 Listen to the Music
 Shadows of the Past

Personnel
 Chris Boltendahl – vocals
 Uwe Lulis – guitars
 C. F. Brank – bass
 Albert Eckardt – drums

Additional musicians
 Bodo Schopf – drum programming
 Matthias "Matz" Ulmer – keyboards
 Armin Sabol – lead guitars on "Stand Up and Rock"

Production
 Karl-U. Walterbach – executive producer
 Mick Jackson – producer
 Steven Begg – cover art, photography
 Jan Němec – engineering, mixing, mastering

References

1986 albums
Grave Digger (band) albums
Noise Records albums


The Freemen (Admission) Act 1763 (3 Geo. 3. c. 15), sometimes called the Freeman (Admission) Act 1763, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act withheld the right to vote in Parliamentary elections, in those boroughs where honorary freemen could vote, from any freemen admitted to the freedom within twelve months of the first day of the election; it did not affect the rights of ordinary freemen, admitted by the custom of the borough in question.

The Act was passed in response to a number of instances of large numbers of non-resident honorary freemen being created to sway the results of elections, often after the writ for an election had been issued. At an election for Durham City in 1761, 215 new freemen, mostly non-resident, had been created after the issue of the writ and had proved decisive in a total poll of around 1,500. After the result was overturned on petition a bill was introduced to check this abuse, and the Act was consequently known colloquially as the Durham Act.

References
 Lewis Namier & John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754-1790  (London: HMSO, 1964)
 Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)

External links
 Text of the Freeman (Admission) Act 1763

Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1763
Election law in the United Kingdom
Election legislation
1763 in law


Redesmouth is a village in Northumberland, England, just over  to the south-east of Bellingham.

Governance

Redesmouth is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham.

Transport
Redesmouth (old spelling: Reedsmouth) was served by Reedsmouth railway station on the Border Counties Railway which linked the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, near Hexham, with the Border Union Railway at Riccarton Junction. The first section of the route was opened between Hexham and Chollerford in 1858, the remainder opening in 1862. The line was closed to passengers by British Railways in 1956. Part of the line is now beneath the surface of Kielder Water.

Redesmouth was a junction with the Wansbeck Railway, which ran east to Morpeth. The yard at Redesmouth remained open after the closure of the Border Counties line to freight as the Wansbeck route was used to run from Redesmouth to Bellingham. To the north side of the route to Riccarton there was a locomotive shed used to stable historic locomotives during the war to save them from bombing raids. There were two platforms on the Riccarton route and one platform on the Wansbeck route. The substantial station building still stands and both it and the signal box are now private houses. The station building was unusual as, originally, it had a 60,000 gallon water tank on top of it, where the pitched roof is now.

References

External links

Villages in Northumberland
Bellingham, Northumberland


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sarasota County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 100 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  One property was once listed, but has since been delisted.

Current listings

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Former listings

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Sarasota County


HMS Cambridge was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Deptford Dockyard on 21 December 1695. A combination of poor sailing qualities and a top-heavy structure kept her in reserve for many years. Finally brought into active service during the War of Jenkins' Ear, she played an undistinguished part in Sir John Norris' 1740 expedition to the Bay of Biscay, and at the Battle of Toulon in 1744.

From 1746 to 1748 she was again removed from service while consideration was given to rebuilding her with fewer guns. The investigation was inconclusive, and Cambridge was broken up at Chatham Dockyard in 1750.

Construction

Cambridge was constructed  in 1695 as part of a program in experimental ship design. In 1690, Admiral Arthur Torrington advised the British Parliament that France was expanding its fleet and that the Royal Navy would soon be outgunned. In response the Parliament approved construction of a new generation of ships each carrying 80 guns instead of the traditional 74. Cambridge was one such vessel, built with the traditional two full-length gun decks of a 74-gun ship but topped with an additional half-length deck to increase her armament.

There were too flaws in Cambridges design, which became apparent after launch. First, the weight of the additional half deck so increased her draught that her lower gun ports were at the waterline and opening them risked shipping a large quantity of seawater into the hull. Shifting the lower deck guns to the middle and upper decks accentuated the second flaw, which was a high centre of gravity that made Cambridge top-heavy and likely to heel over in strong winds.

To address these concerns, Cambridge was rebuilt at Woolwich Dockyard in 1713 according to the 1706 Establishment, with a slightly wider hull, heavier lower deck armament and a full upper deck to enable a more even distribution of guns. The work was overseen by shipwright Jacob Acworth, as one of his first duties as Surveyor of the Navy from April 1715. Acworth's design also lowered the mast yards almost to the level of the deck, in an effort to address the top-heaviness of her earlier design.

The keel of the rebuilt vessel was laid on 30 August 1713, but construction was slow and the ship was not launched until two years later, on 17 September 1715. As rebuilt, her dimensions were in keeping with other vessels of the Establishment. Her overall length was  with a lower gundeck of , a broad beam of , hold depth of  and measuring 1286  tons burthen. Rebuilding costs were £17,117 including fittings.

Her peacetime complement was set at 360 men, rising to a nominal 520 in war. The number of guns was unchanged from 1695, but their weight was increased. Twenty-six 32-pounder cannons were installed in her lower deck, with twenty-six 18-pounders in the middle deck and twenty-two 6-pounder guns in the newly built upper deck. Another six 6-pounders were fitted along the quarterdeck to make up the 80-gun arsenal.

Naval service
In 1739 Britain declared war on Spain, and a degree of mobilisation was required in order to man the fleet. To this end, Cambridge was sent to the Irish coast to assist with impressment of landsmen into Navy service.  The operation was a success but the quality of recruits was poor. On reviewing one band of press-ganged men, Admiral Philip Cavendish noted, "Cambridges two lieutenants ... have brought from Dublin seventy or eighty people - all boys, broken tradesmen, diseased landsmen and so on - that I can't pick ten out of the whole number fit to be sent aboard."

Relieved of impressment duty in 1740, Cambridge was instead assigned to a fleet being raised under the command of Sir John Norris at Portsmouth. Norris' fleet was intended to cruise the Bay of Biscay in search of Spanish warships, but its departure was delayed by a chronic shortage of crew. Cambridge finally sailed with the fleet on 20 July. Six days later, heavy winds and rain forced the fleet back to the port of Torbay, where it remained for six weeks. Fever had broken out, and Cambridge was among the worst affected. On 1 September Cambridges lieutenants and warrant officers reported that 131 crew were too diseased to work, and that the remaining 30 healthy men were too few to sail the ship. The lieutenants also noted that these healthy men were all impressed landsmen with no useful skills, describing them as "raw and unskilled sailors, the very worst that any of us were ever at sea with." With similar reports received from other vessels, the fleet's objectives were abandoned and Cambridge was returned to Spithead.

Cambridge was broken up in 1750.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


Robert Alan Good NAM, NAS, AAAS (May 21, 1922 – June 13, 2003) was an American physician who performed the first successful human bone marrow transplant between persons who were not identical twins. He is regarded as a founder of modern immunology.

Early life and education
Good was born in Crosby, Minnesota, the second son of Ethel (née Whitcomb) and Roy Homer Good, who worked as educators. He attended the University of Minnesota and its medical school, receiving a B.A. degree in 1944, and M.D. and Ph.D. degrees in 1947. He was the first student to undertake a combined M.D.-Ph.D. curriculum at Minnesota.

While an undergraduate, he developed a polio-like illness that left him partially paralyzed. His mother pushed his wheelchair into his medical school classrooms. He eventually recovered from the illness, but retained a pronounced limp for the remainder of his life.

Research career
After obtaining his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees, Good undertook clinical training in pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. After a fellowship year at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, he returned to the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1950, where he engaged in research on the immune system. He was promoted in 1962 to the rank of professor in pediatrics, microbiology and pathology, and later also served as head of the Department of Pathology. In 1969 he was appointed as Regent's Professor, one of the highest recognitions of the University of Minnesota.

Among his accomplishments, in 1962 he documented the importance of the thymus gland, in 1965 he documented the important role of the tonsils in developing the immune defense systems of mammals including humans, and in 1968 he led the team that performed the first successful human bone marrow transplant between persons who were not identical twins. The patient who received the transplant was a 5-month-old boy with a profound immune deficiency that had earlier led to the deaths of eleven male members of his extended family. The boy received bone marrow transplanted from his 8-year-old sister. The transplant was successful and the boy grew up to become a healthy adult.

In 1972 he went to New York City to become president of the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. At Sloan-Kettering he continued his research into the human immune system. He remained at Sloan-Kettering until 1982, but his tenure there was marred by the discovery in 1974 of serious scientific fraud perpetrated by William T. Summerlin, a member of his lab who had previously worked with him at Minnesota. In 1982 he moved to the Cancer Research Program at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation in Oklahoma City, where he remained until 1985, when he became physician-in-chief at the All Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida, and chairman of pediatrics at The University of South Florida Medical School.

Academy and Institute memberships
Good was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 1970), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a charter member of the Institute of Medicine.

Personal life
Good died from esophageal cancer at age 81 in St. Petersburg, Florida. He was survived at the time by Noorbibi K. Day-Good, his second wife, five children from his first marriage to Jean Good, two step-children and 17 grandchildren.

Awards

1955 E. Mead Johnson Award
1970 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
1970 Gairdner Foundation International Award.Gairdner Awardees
1970 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
1972 American College of Physicians Award
1975 Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award
1987 John Howland Award

References

Further reading

External links
Robert A. Good Archives
The Robert A. Good Papers can be found at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School.

1922 births
2003 deaths
People from Crosby, Minnesota
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American immunologists
American medical researchers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
University of Minnesota Medical School alumni
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


Aleksandr Yatsevich (born September 8, 1956) is a retired hurdler from the Soviet Union, best known for winning the silver medal in the men's 400m hurdles at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece.

References
 1982 Year Ranking

1956 births
Living people
Russian male hurdlers
Soviet male hurdlers
Place of birth missing (living people)
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for the Soviet Union


Santaluces Community High School is a school located in Lantana, Florida, United States. It was opened in 1982 and is managed by the Palm Beach County School District, Florida.

Notable alumni
Joe Pags Pagliarulo, 1982, Radio Talk Show Host for the Joe Pags Show, iHeartRadio, Newsmax TV
Carlos Jenkins, 1986, Linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings, St. Louis Rams
Oscar Isaac, 1998, Actor/Musician
C. J. Jones, 1999, Wide receiver for the Denver Broncos
Vince Wilfork, 2000, Defensive tackle for the New England Patriots, Houston Texans

References

Educational institutions established in 1982
High schools in Palm Beach County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1982 establishments in Florida


Wolfgang Holzmair (born 1952 in Vöcklabruck) is an Austrian baritone.

Holzmair studied at the Vienna Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He won 2nd prize in the baritone class of the 's-Hertogenbosch International Vocal Competition in 1981, and a year later 1st prize in the Musikverein International Lieder Competition, Vienna.

Opera
Holzmair spent about six years with opera companies in Bern (Bern Theatre) and Gelsenkirchen (Musiktheater im Revier) before successes in Udo Zimmermann's The White Rose and Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande brought him to general attention. His repertoire includes rarely performed works such as Henze's Boulevard Solitude, Nigel Osborne’s The Electrification of the Soviet Union, Hindemith's Neues vom Tage and Poulenc's Les mamelles de Tirésias.

More standard works include Richard Strauss's Capriccio (the Count), Ariadne auf Naxos (Harlequin and the Music Master), Der Rosenkavalier (Faninal); Mozart's The Magic Flute (Papageno and the Speaker) and Così fan tutte (Guglielmo and Don Alfonso); Wagner's Tannhäuser (Wolfram), and Meistersinger (Beckmesser). In the 2009/2010 season he sang Demetrius in the Canadian Opera Company's production of Benjamin Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Father in Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel on a tour in Japan, and the Sorceress in a concert performance of Purcell's  Dido and Aeneas in Vienna

Song recital and orchestral concerts
Holzmair's high, rather light timbre is particularly suitable for song and in 1989 a  highly successful debut at the Wigmore Hall launched his international recital career. His clear and expressive language embedded in a pure legato line, and his dramatic commitment, have been especially commended.  The English music critic Alan Blyth was immediately struck by the baritone’s first recording of Schubert's Die Schöne Müllerin and remained a firm advocate; more recently Richard Fairman referred to an exceptional ability to communicate the rhythms and meanings of poetry.

He has worked with many pianists of note, a long-standing collaboration with Imogen Cooper being widely admired for its exceptionally close rapport; other partners include Andreas Haefliger and Philippe Cassard as well as dedicated accompanists Gerard Wyss, Russell Ryan and Roger Vignoles. He also maintains a strong presence in the world of chamber music, where the Trio Wanderer, the Nash Ensemble and the Rachmaninov Trio are among his collaborators.
Holzmair regularly appears in major centres in Europe and North America, and also travels to outlying venues where communities have fewer opportunities to hear live recitals. Recent European Music Festivals include Risør, Kuhmo, Lockenhaus, Kyburgiade, the Oxford Lieder Festival and styriarte, and he has also participated in La Folle Journée's program for bringing classical music to new audiences. In 2010 Holzmair and the Departure Centre for Creative Design in Vienna collaborated in a bid to attract new listeners to lieder, by presenting concerts in which the baritone and 6 compatriots performed Wolf against visual backdrops.  The experiment was deemed a success, and was repeated for Mahler’s lieder, with a slightly different cast of singers, in 2011.  The Wolf series is now available on 5 DVDs, which show the visuals but not the singers.

Holzmair's wide-ranging repertoire includes melodies as well as lieder and extends from the 18th to the 21st century. He has long been committed to bringing to attention the "Entartete" composers who suffered under the Nazi regime and has recorded lieder by Hanns Eisler, Franz Mittler, Erich Zeisl, Ernst Krenek, Franz Schreker and composers from Theresienstadt; in 2010 he joined the Nash Ensemble in a week-end show-casing music by the Theresienstadt composers, at the Wigmore Hall.

He has performed orchestrated lieder with many leading orchestras, as in the 2010 Styriarte Festival; other recent orchestral appearances have been in Britten's War Requiem, Brahms' Deutsches Requiem,  Darius Milhaud's Les Choephores and Schumann's Scenes from Faust.

Song premieres and commissions
Premieres since 2000 include Kurt Schwertsik's Die Welt eine Laute and Fioretti per San Francesco, a chamber version of Hans Werner Henze's Five Neapolitan Songs with the Nash Ensemble (as part of a 75th birthday tribute to the composer), Dmitry Smirnov's Eternal Refuge with the Altenburg Trio Wien (recorded by Austrian Radio), Daniel Schnyder's one-act opera Mozart and Casanova (at the Menuhin Festival, Gstaad), Helmut Schmidinger's solo cantata Mozart Briefe (with the Bruckner Orchestra of Linz, as part of Mozart's 250th), and David Matthews' arrangements of Brahms' lieder and of part of Franz Schubert's Schwanengesang (commissioned by the Nash Ensemble); recent additions are Schmidinger's Wo der Bartl den Most holt and the Austrian premiere of Lori Laitman's Seed of Dreams. His Erich Zeisl disc marking the composer's 100th anniversary included unpublished songs, and he contributed to a recording of new settings of Eduard Mörike's poetry commissioned by the Hugo Wolf Institute of Stuttgart, to celebrate the poet's 200th birthday. Holzmair has commissioned David Leisner to compose a new piece for baritone and string quartet and the resulting work, A Timeless Procession, will be premiered in a future season.

Teaching
Since 1998 Holzmair has taught at the Salzburg Mozarteum and given master classes in Europe and North America; 2011 finds him participating in the annual Schubert Institute Master Course in Baden bei Wien for the 7th time. In 2008 the Royal College of Music made him a Fellow in recognition of services to the college and to music, and in 2009 he was a juror for the Wigmore Hall Song competition.  He is an advisor to the Lotte Lehmann Foundation, and contributed to the foundation's first CD.

Selected recordings
Schubert Die schöne Müllerin with Jörg Demus, 1983 Preiser
Ein deutsches Requiem with Herbert Blomstedt, 1996 Decca Grammy Award
Brahms Die Schone Magelone with Gerard Wyss and Will Quadfleg, 1986 Tudor
Braunfels Die Vögel with Lothar Zagrosek, 1992 Decca
Schubert lieder to texts by Mayrhofer with Gerard Wyss, 1993 Tudor
Schumann Heine Lieder with Imogen Cooper, 1996 Philips
Beethoven, Haydn and Mozart Lieder with Imogen Cooper, 2000 Philips
Krenek and Schubert Lieder with Russell Ryan, 2003 Orf
Beethoven, Pleyel, Haydn, Songs from the British Isles with the Trio Wanderer, 2008 Cypres
Wolf Songs with Imogen Cooper, 2009 Wigmore Live
Songs from Theresienstadt with Russell Ryan, 2009 Bridge
Ravel Melodies and Trio with Ensemble Musique Oblique, 2009 Alphee

References

External links
 Homepage

1952 births
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Operatic baritones
Academics of the Royal College of Music
Austrian operatic baritones
21st-century Austrian  male opera singers
20th-century Austrian  male opera singers
People from Vöcklabruck


The Waterloo Historic District is a historic district composed of the majority of central Waterloo, Illinois. The district includes 271 buildings, of which 182 are contributing buildings to its historic character. The center of the district includes Waterloo's town square, the site of the Monroe County Courthouse, as well as a two-block section of Main Street which forms the city's commercial core. The town square is surrounded by residential development on three sides, an unusual arrangement among small towns in Illinois. The predominant architectural styles in the residential parts of the district are local adaptations of the Federal style and a German cottage style developed by the city's German immigrants in the 19th century.

The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1978.

References

Italianate architecture in Illinois
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Waterloo, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Illinois


Ozren Bonačić (born 5 January 1942) is a former Croatian water polo player and Olympic medalist with the Yugoslavia men's national water polo team.

During his club career he played for HAVK Mladost, with which he won four European championship titles. Since 1978 he has been a water polo coach, and he also coached Mladost for many seasons, winning the European championship in 1996. He was most recently the coach of Mladost in the 2008/09 season.

See also
 Yugoslavia men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Croatian male water polo players
Croatian water polo coaches
Yugoslav male water polo players
Water polo players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic water polo players for Yugoslavia
Olympic gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic silver medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 58 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including four National Historic Landmarks.

Current listings

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Monroe County


Charles Allan Smart  (March 23, 1868 – June 4, 1937) was a Canadian politician and a seven-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Early life

He was born in Montreal, Quebec on March 23, 1868. The son of Robert Smart, a shoemaker, originally from Aberdeen, and his wife Margaret Clark, from Arbroath, he was educated at the High School of Montreal. In 1881, he left school and became a clerk for with Alexander Buntin and Co., a stationery firm. In 1884, he moved to Tellier, Rothwell and Co., oil dealers, where he stayed for seven years.

City Councillor

Smart was a city councillor in Westmount in 1910.

Member of the legislature/military career

He successfully ran as a Conservative candidate in the provincial district of Westmount in the 1912 election. He was re-elected in the 1916, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1931 and 1935 elections.  He did not run for re-election in 1936.

Legislative Councillor

Smart was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1936, but the institution did not resume its activities until after he died.

Death

He died on June 4, 1937.

References

1868 births
1937 deaths
Canadian Militia officers
6th Duke of Connaught's Royal Canadian Hussars
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers
Canadian military personnel of World War I
Conservative Party of Quebec MLCs
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
High School of Montreal alumni
Military personnel from Montreal
Politicians from Montreal
Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Anglophone Quebec people


HMS Chichester was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Chatham Dockyard on 6 March 1695.

She underwent a rebuild in 1706 at Woolwich Dockyard. Chichester served until 1749, when she was broken up.

Tobias Smollett, later to become a well-known writer, served as a naval surgeon on the Chichester.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


The Healer's Keep is the second novel in the Seer and the Sword series, by Victoria Hanley.

Main characters

Princess Saravelda
Princess "Sara" Saravelda is the eldest daughter of Queen Torina and King Landen. She is fiery in spirit, yet very graceful in motion. She is highly gifted in the art of using gen, and is the first Firan to be seen at the Keep in over a hundred years.

Dorjan
Dorjan is the first Genoven, or Dreamwen, to come to the Keep in hundred of years. He is the son of Cabis Denon and a Charmal. His eyes are the same color as Maeve's.

Bern
Bern is a powerful Charmal who serves the Shadow King. He conspires to steal the gen from the Ellowens and the Keep and give it to the Shadow King.

Maeve
Maeve is the daughter of Lila the Fair, a highborn, and Cabis Denon, a lowborn free. Outraged at his daughter's love for a lowborn, Lila's father marked her as a slave and threw her out of the house. Maeve, in turn, was raised as a slave, but managed to escape being marked. She has golden hair and skin, with the deep blue eyes of her father. She is able to tell a person's nature by touching them, and her mother tells her where to find the Dreamwen Stone before she dies. She also had a lovely singing voice. Falls in love with Jasper.

Jasper
Jasper is a lowborn free who helps Maeve and Devin to escape. Later he falls in love with Maeve.

Evan
Evan is a young slave boy who works in the bathhouse with Maeve. He is marked by Lord Morlen, but his scars are healed through his dreams.

Orlo
Orlo is an experienced slave who works in the bathhouse. Lord Morlen takes him along to search for Maeve and gives him vahss, a drug, to make him submissive.

Lord Morlen
Lord Morlen is an Ebrowen who can find people through their dreams.

Queen Torina
After her marriage to Prince Landen, Princess Torina became the queen of Archeld and Bellandra. Many of her subjects are wary of her ruling after her father's invasion of Bellandra and her title as the Great Seer. She has three children: Saravelda, Dreena, and Veldon.

King Landen
After marrying Princess Torina, Landen became the King of Archeld and reclaimed the country of Bellandra. He is the wielder of the Sword of Bellandra, yet has never used it to take another man's life. His three children are Saravelda, Dreena, and Veldon.

Minor characters

Lord Indol
Lord Indol is the original owner of Maeve, Lila, Orlo, and Evan

Ellowen Renaiya
Ellowen Renaiya is the mystic instructor who names the gifts of the Keep's students.

Ellowen Mayn
Ellowen Mayn is the Phytosen instructor at the Keep.

External links
 The book on Victoria Hanley's Official Site

2002 American novels
American fantasy novels


Michael Skapinker (born 1955 in South Africa) is a South African journalist. He is presently an Associate Editor of the Financial Times and a columnist.

Life and career

Education
Skapinker graduated with a BA in Law from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and a Master's degree from Queens’ College, Cambridge. He speaks French, modern Greek and Afrikaans.

Print journalism
Skapinker began his career as a Foreign Correspondent in Athens for CBS Radio News and Independent radio News, moving to the London Bureau of McGraw-Hill World News, then on the International Management Magazine as senior editor before joining the Financial Times in 1986 as a management writer. He held several positions at the Financial Times, including aerospace correspondent, leisure industry correspondent and electronics writer. In July 2005 Skapinker was appointed editor of the FT’s weekend edition. He is also editor of Special Reports for the Financial Times.

Awards and recognition
In 2003 Skapinker received the Work Foundation Members’ Award for his contribution to the understanding of working life.

He was named "Columnist of the Year" at the 2008 Workworld Media Awards.

He was named "Business Commentator of the Year" at the 2012 Editorial Intelligence Comment Awards.

He was a consultant on the 2003 BBC series The Secrets of Leadership.

In 2005 Skapinker was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.

Skapinker was a member of the UK department for culture, media and sport ministerial working party on business tourism to Britain.

References

External links
FT biography

1955 births
Living people
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
British male journalists
South African journalists


The Shropshire Pastoral Region is a deanery located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury.

Its current bishop is Mark Davies.

It is sub-divided into five pastoral areas, which in turn contain 19 parishes.

Shropshire Pastoral Region

Prior to October 2007, two deaneries - Shrewsbury & West Shropshire and Telford & East Shropshire - existed.  In line with diocesan restructuring by Bishop Brian Noble, these were merged to form the Shropshire Pastoral Area.

The deanery comprises the whole of Shropshire.

Regional Dean: Canon Stephan Coonan

References

External links
Diocese Website
Catholic Hierarchy - Diocese Information
Diocese Vocation Office
GCatholic.org

Religion in Shropshire
Roman Catholic Deaneries in the Diocese of Shrewsbury
Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury


Port Hastings is an unincorporated settlement on Cape Breton Island, within the Municipality of the County of Inverness, Canada. The population in 2021 was 90.

The community is located at the eastern end of the Canso Causeway on Cape Breton Island. It is named after Charles Hastings Doyle.

History

The community was previously known as Plaster Cove. The Inverness and Richmond Railway was built from coal mines in Inverness to a loading dock at Point Tupper in 1901. The construction of the Canso Causeway which opened in 1955 saw the community become a railway junction after the Truro-Sydney mainline of Canadian National Railways (CNR) was diverted from the railcar ferry terminals at Mulgrave and Point Tupper.  The CNR line to Inverness was eventually abandoned in the 1980s, although the Truro-Sydney mainline continues to operate under the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway.

The construction of the Canso Causeway also brought what would become the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 104 and Highway 105) through the community.

A traffic circle named the Port Hastings Rotary creates an important interchange between Highway 104, Highway 105, Trunk 19 and Trunk 4 several hundred metres east of the Canso Canal Bridge.

The growth of automobile-focused tourism following World War II saw several motels and gas stations and a tourist information centre located at the traffic circle.

The community is home to the Strait Area Museum, which documents local history, including that of the Canso Causeway.

Climate
Similar to most of Nova Scotia, Port Hastings has a humid continental climate with some maritime influences, including high snowfall in winter and relatively narrow temperature fluctuations by Canadian standards.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Port Hastings had a population of 90 living in 45 of its 50 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 89. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Notable Persons

Linden MacIntyre, journalist and novelist, grew up in Port Hastings.
Angus Walker, country musician, known as "Canada's Prime Minister of Country Music".

References

Communities in Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Designated places in Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia


"Party and Bullshit" is a song by the American hip hop artist The Notorious B.I.G., credited as BIG. It is his first single and was released as the fourth promotional single for the soundtrack to the 1993 film Who's the Man?.

Background
The refrain "party and bullshit" was inspired by the song "When the Revolution Comes" by the spoken word artists The Last Poets. Wallace changed the meaning in his rap. Abiodun Oyewole of The Last Poets explained, "When we rapped, it was all about raising consciousness and using language to challenge people. When I wrote [about] 'party and bullshit' it was to make people get off their ass. But now 'party and bullshit' was used by Biggie, used by Busta Rhymes, but in a non-conscious way." The song was performed at a concert with Biggie's friend-turned-rival Tupac in 1993.

Music video
The music video shows Biggie Smalls performing outdoors in Brooklyn, New York. Sean Combs and Lil' Kim also appear in the video.

Remixes
"Party and Bullshit" was remixed by Ratatat on the 2007 album Ratatat Remixes Vol. 2, by the G-Unit rapper Lloyd Banks and appeared on his Halloween Havoc mixtape, by Hathbanger to the Miley Cyrus song "Party in the USA", to create "Miley Cyrous", by Shane Rutherfoord-Jones as a breakout single in 2011, titled "SRJ's Party and Bullshit remix" and by Solar Slim and Richie Branson in their Notorious B.I.G. and Star Wars mashup album Life After Death Star.

The official remix features Biggie's then-wife and widow Faith Evans.

Rita Ora's song "How We Do (Party)" interpolates the lyrics of "Party and Bullshit".

Track listing
12" vinyl
Side A
"Party and Bullshit" (Radio) - 3:42
"Party and Bullshit" (Album) - 3:42
"Party and Bullshit" (Instrumental) - 3:42
Side B
"Party and Bullshit" (Club Dirty) - 3:42
"Party and Bullshit" (Dirty Instrumental) - 3:42

Personnel
Adapted from Discogs.
Buttnaked Tim Dawg – co-producer
James Earl Jones, Jr. – co-producer
Sean "Puffy" Combs – executive producer
Andre Harrell – executive producer
Mark Siegal – executive producer
Toby Emmerich – music supervisor
Kathy Nelson  – music supervisor
Easy Mo Bee –  producer
Jonnie “Most” Davis - recording/mix engineer

References

1993 debut singles
The Notorious B.I.G. songs
Song recordings produced by Easy Mo Bee
Songs written by the Notorious B.I.G.
1992 songs
Uptown Records singles
Songs written by Easy Mo Bee


Jānis Bojārs (12 May 1956 – 5 June 2018) was a Latvian male shot putter, best known for winning the silver medal for the Soviet Union in the men's shot put event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece. He set his personal best (21.74 m) on 14 July 1984 at a meet in Riga.

External links
1982 Year Ranking

1956 births
2018 deaths
Latvian male shot putters
Soviet male shot putters
Place of birth missing
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Competitors at the 1984 Friendship Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for the Soviet Union
People from Kuldīga Municipality


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Duval County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Duval County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmark.

Current listings

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Former listing

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Duval County
Buildings and structures in Duval County, Florida


Hans-Paul Schwefel (born December 4, 1940) is a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at University of Dortmund (now Dortmund University of Technology), where he held the chair of systems analysis from 1985 until 2006. He is one of the pioneers in evolutionary computation and one of the authors responsible for the evolution strategies (Evolutionsstrategien). His work has helped to understand the dynamics of evolutionary algorithms and to put evolutionary computation on formal grounds.

Schwefel was born in Berlin. He attended the Technical University of Berlin (TUB) and graduated as an aerospace engineer in 1965 and got his Dr.-Ing. in 1975. While as a student at TUB, he met Ingo Rechenberg in November 1963. Both of them were studying the aero- and space technology and both of them were keen on cybernetics and bionics. Rechenberg was dealing with wall shear stress measurements and Schwefel was responsible for organizing fluid dynamics exercises for other students. Together they were dreaming of a research robot working according to cybernetic principles, but computers became available only later on.

While attending the Hermann Föttinger-Institute for Hydrodynamics (HFI) at TUB, he and Rechenberg began performing experiments upon wings, kinked plates, and other objects related to fluid dynamics. The main objective of those experiments concerned optimizing the shape and/or parameters through mostly small modifications on the real objects, a "technique" they called experimental optimization, in order to reduce the drag, increase the thrust, and so on. Applying classical optimization methods (such as Gauss–Seidel and gradient-based techniques) on such experiments showed that those methods are not well suited to be adopted in experimental optimization, mainly due to noisy measurements and/or multimodality. They realized modifying all the variables at same time via a random manner (e.g., small modifications are more frequent than larger ones). This was the seminal idea to bring to light the first, two membered, evolution strategy, which was initially used on a discrete problem (optimization of a kinked plate in a wind tunnel) and was handled without computers.

Some time later, Schwefel expanded the idea toward evolution strategies to deal with numerical/parametric optimization and, also, has helped to formalize it as it is known nowadays.

Schwefel was one of the initiators of the Parallel Problem Solving from Nature conference series.

References

 Hans-Paul Schwefel: Numerical Optimization of Computer Models, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 1977, traduction John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 1980.
 Hans-Paul Schwefel's Curriculum Vitae
 Hans-Georg Beyer and Hans-Paul Schwefel, (2002). Evolution Strategies: A Comprehensive Introduction. In Natural Computing, 1(1):3-52.
 Günter Rudolph and Hans-Paul Schwefel: Simulated evolution under multiple criteria conditions revisited, pp. 49–261 in: J.M. Zurada, G.G. Yen and J. Wang (eds.), Computational Intelligence - Research Frontiers, Plenary and Invited Lectures at the IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Hong Kong, June 2008, Springer, Berlin, 2008.
 Hans-Paul Schwefel: Cybernetic Evolution as Strategy for Experimental Research in Fluid Mechanics (in German). Diploma Thesis, Hermann Föttinger-Institute for Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Berlin, March 1965.
 Hans-Paul Schwefel: Evolution Strategy and Numerical Optimization (in German). Dissertation, Technical University of Berlin, 1974/1975.
 Hans-Paul Schwefel: Evolution and Optimum Seeking, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1995.
 Ingo Rechenberg: Evolutionsstrategie '94. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog 1994.
 Hans-Georg Beyer (2001). The Theory of Evolution Strategies. Natural Computing Series. Springer, Berlin 2001.

External links
 Hans-Paul Schwefel's Webpage
 Chair of Algorithm Engineering (former Systems Analysis)

1940 births
Living people
German computer scientists
Scientists from Berlin
Technical University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of the Technical University of Dortmund


Johann Baptist Rudolph Kutschker (11 April 1810, Loučky – 27 January 1881, Vienna) was an Austrian cardinal of the Catholic church.

Life
Johann Rudolf Kutschker was born in Seifersdorf, Austrian Silesia (now Loučky in Zátor, Czech Republic). He studied humanities and philosophy at the Olomouc University then at the University of Vienna - doctorate in theology.

Ordained priest on 21 April 1833 and incardinated in the archdiocese of Olomouc, he became professor of moral theology of the local university for seventeen years. Later he was appointed to different higher posts in the period 1857–1876 in Vienna.

Kutschker was elected titular bishop of Carrhae and appointed auxiliary bishop of archdiocese of Vienna on 7 April 1862. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Vienna on 15 April 1876.

Archbishop Kutschker was created cardinal priest in the consistory of 22 June 1877 by Pope Pius IX and assigned to the title of Sant'Eusebio. He participated in the Papal conclave, 1878.

He died in Vienna on 27 January 1881 and was buried in the metropolitan St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna.

References

External links

 The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church- Biographical Dictionary
 Catholic Hierarchy data for this cardinal

1810 births
1881 deaths
People from Bruntál District
People from Austrian Silesia
Higher Scientific Institute for Diocesan Priests at St. Augustine's alumni
19th-century Austrian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Pius IX
Palacký University Olomouc alumni


Polar Bear Pass (Inuktitut: Nanuit Itillinga/Kitturajaaq), is a 262,400 hectare wetland and mountain pass on Bathurst Island within the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. The pass is on federal Crown land.

Fauna and flora
The wetland exists within a tundra desert in the high Arctic. It is a staging area for migratory birds, as well as a breeding area for numerous bird species. The large insect population is an ample food source for these birds.

Various water features are located throughout the site, including lakes, tundra ponds and meadows. Vegetation consists primarily of "grasses, sedges, mosses and lichens", as well as a diversity of flowering plants.

An ecological research station is located on the site. Various studies have been conducted in the area, including those on the endangered Peary caribou by the Canadian Wildlife Service. Currently, the territorial government is funding studies on muskoxen and caribou in the region.

Other than the two endangered species that inhabit the pass, polar bears and the aforementioned Peary caribou, it also contains at least 54 bird species and 11 mammals.  Rock structures on the North side of the pass provide nesting and dens for wildlife.

Its name is derived from the polar bears that migrate through the region between March and November each year.

Conservation
Polar Bear Pass is an International Biological Program site. It was designated a Ramsar site on May 24, 1982. Polar Bear Pass National Wildlife Area received its designation in 1985.

References

Arctic Cordillera
Mountain passes of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Ramsar sites in Qikiqtaaluk Region
Wetlands of Qikiqtaaluk Region


HMS Newark was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Hull on 3 June 1695.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Chatham Dockyard, and relaunched on 29 July 1717. During this rebuild an extra gundeck was added to make her a three-decker, instead of the two-decker as which she had been originally built. She continued to be classified as a third rate, however.

On 24 April 1741 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt at Chatham according to the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment. She was relaunched on 27 August 1747, as a 66-gun Third Rate, two-decker. Newark jammed halfway down the stocks during the launch and was left there for several days, after which she unjammed herself and completed the launching.

Newark continued to serve until 1787, when she was broken up.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

External links

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


Seoul Racecourse Park Station is a station on Line 4 of the Seoul Subway. Its current name was given in 2000, before that it was called Gyeongmajang-yeok (경마장역, 競馬場驛). True to its name, it is located near LetsRun Park Seoul, a horse racing venue. It attracts large volumes of people, particularly on weekends when thousands of Seoulites flock to the races to bet on their favorite horses. This is apparent in the significant difference between the weekday and weekend passenger usage of this station.

The Golf Recreation Park is also accessible via Seoul Racecourse Park Station.

Station layout

Passengers

References

Metro stations in Gwacheon
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Railway stations opened in 1994
Railway stations in South Korea opened in the 1990s


The Ordovician Bellefonte Formation (Obf) is a mapped bedrock unit in central Pennsylvania.

Description
The Bellefonte is defined as a medium-gray, brownish-weathering, medium-bedded dolomite and minor sandstone. The very fine grained Tea Creek Member lies above, and the crystalline Coffee Run Member lies below.

Depositional environment
Deposition of formations such as the Bellefonte Dolomite occurred in environments equivalent to the modern Bahama lagoons, east of Miami.

Age
Relative age dating of the Bald Eagle places it in the Ordovician period. It rests atop the Axemann Formation (Oa), or the Nittany Formation, for example between Tyrone and Water Street, Pennsylvania, where the Axemann is missing, and the Loysburg Formation of interbedded limestone and dolomite conformably overlies the Bellefonte Formation.

See also
Geology of Pennsylvania

References

Ordovician geology of Pennsylvania
Sandstone in the United States
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


Ronan (Ronnie) McCormack (born 27 April 1977) is an Irish former professional rugby union player. who played loosehead prop for Connacht, Ulster and Leinster.

He attended St Mary's College, Dublin, with whom he won the Leinster Schools Junior Cup in 1992, and the Senior Cup in 1994. He represented Leinster Schools three times, and Ireland Schools four times. On leaving school, he tried out for the Ireland Foundation, a centrally-run pathway to the professional game, but failed to get a place. He played club rugby with University College Dublin in the All-Ireland League, and represented Ireland Universities twelve times.

In 2000 he signed professionally for Connacht. He made 26 appearances in two seasons, during which he was selected for Ireland 'A', winning nine caps. In 2003 he moved to Ulster, replacing Justin Fitzpatrick who had signed for Castres, which gave him the opportunity to play in the Heineken Cup. He played there for two seasons, making 37 appearances, and was called up to the Ireland squad for the 2005 Six Nations Championship. In 2005 he signed for his home province of Leinster, with whom he won the Heineken Cup and the Magners League.

His time at Leinster was marred by injury. In late 2006 he played for a combined Leinster/Ulster team against Connacht/Munster in "The Last Stand", an exhibition game at the old Lansdowne Road stadium before it was demolished, and sustained a neck injury. He sustained a more serious injury to his shoulder on his return to action for Leinster against Edinburgh in February 2007, which needed two operations and kept him out for a year. In the 2008-09 season he injured his neck in a warm-up. He retired in 2010, having made 52 appearances and scored three tries for the province.

He studied for a Masters in Sports Management, and moved into the residential property business. As of 2021, he was Managing Director of Grayling Property Management.

References

1977 births
Irish rugby union players
Connacht Rugby players
Ulster Rugby players
Leinster Rugby players
St Mary's College RFC players
University College Dublin R.F.C. players
Alumni of University College Dublin
Living people
People educated at St Mary's College, Dublin
Rugby union players from Dublin (city)
Rugby union props


Aschbach is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aschbachois or Aschbachoises.

Geography
Aschbach is located some 13 km south by south-east of Wissembourg and 8 km east of Soultz-sous-Forêts. Access to the commune is by the D245 road from Stundwiller in the south passing through the village and continuing north to Seebach. With exception of a small band of forest on the western border the commune is entirely farmland.

The Seebach river forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows south to join the Seltzbach at Buhl. An unnamed stream rises in the centre of the commune and flows south-east through the village to join the Seebach on the south-eastern border.

History
In the 14th century Aschbach was the property of the Diocese of Speyer (Germany). Under the Ancien Régime Aschbach, Stundwiller, and Oberroedern formed the Superior Court with their church at Stundwiller. These three villages were merged in 1974 but Aschbach was separated again in 1988.

According to the cadastral plan of 1839 there were buildings built close together and also other places which were marshlands. The school was built in 1833, an oratory at a place called Kreutzfeld dates to 1864, and the church was built in 1871.

The village suffered terrible damage in the Second World War and reconstruction gave the village a new look with a larger and more open built-up area. The presbytery was built in 1950.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 682 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments

Aschbach has four registrations as historical monuments. These are:
Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception (1871, 1908, 1928)
Farmhouse at 19 Grand Rue (18th-20th century)
House and Farms (18th and 19th century)
The Village (14th century)

The Church of the Immaculate Conception has many items which are registered as historical objects. These are:
2 Monstrances (around 1871)
Monstrance (around 1871)
Cross: Christ on the cross (around 1871)
Painting: Saint Joseph with the child Jesus (around 1871)
10 Statues of Saints (around 1871)
Pulpit, 2 Confessionals, Baptismal fonts (around 1871)
3 Altars, 3 Tabernacles, 3 Retables, church stall, half-height panelling (main altar, altar tombstone, secondary altar) (around 1871)
Furniture in the Church
Wayside cross: Christ on the cross at Hohlacker (1809)

Aschbach Picture Gallery

Inside the Church

See also
 Communes of the Bas-Rhin department

References

External links
 Aschbach on the National Geographical Institute website
Aschbach on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Asbach on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Bas-Rhin


Hedvig Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm, née Forssman (20 November 1838 – 7 March 1907), was a Swedish actress active in Sweden, Norway and Finland. She played a pioneer role in Finland by introducing Finnish as a stage language, becoming the first actor in Finland to speak her lines in the Finnish tongue.

Early career
Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm was born as the daughter of a goldsmith in Stockholm in Sweden under the name Charlotte Forssman. She studied at the Royal Dramatic Training Academy in Stockholm in 1854–56, after which she toured in travelling theater companies in Sweden and Finland.

In 1860, she was employed at the Mindre teatern in Stockholm. In 1863, Mindre teatern was taken over by the Royal Dramatic Theatre. Many of the actors was given a contract in the new theatre. The competition with Sweden's leading lady Elise Hwasser made her leave for a position at the theater in Gothenburg, where she was engaged until she left Sweden for a position at the Swedish Theatre in Helsinki in 1866.

The Swedish Theatre in Helsinki was the first permanent theater in the city: inaugurated in 1860, it had burned down in 1863 and was reopened in 1866, when Raa-Winterhjelm was employed there. The theater became the first national stage in Finland, and Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm became its lead actress within romantic tragedy between 1866 and 1872.

In 1866, she married her colleague, the actor Fritiof Raa (1840-1872).

Reforms
In parallel, Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm also founded her own Swedish language theater company in 1866. In 1868, the first theater dramatic school in Finland was founded in connection to the theater, and Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm was made its instructor. As a drama teacher, she worked to introduce the Finnish language on stage. Finland, at that time a Russian province, had been a Swedish province until 1809, and the language spoken on the theater stages in Finland was not Finnish but the Swedish language, which was the second language in Finland and the language of the upper classes: most actors in Finland at the time were from Sweden, or from the Swedish speaking minority in Finland.

During this time, Finland was a part of Russia. Under Russian rule, a wave of nationalism swept over Finland to preserve the Finnish cultural identity and independence and escape a complete incorporation with Russia, and her initiative was a part of this cultural wave. Despite being a Swede herself, she felt that Finland should have a theater stage in the Finnish language. The Russian authorities reacted to her initiative by closing down the drama school in 1869. As a response of protest, Raa-Winterhjelm pronounced her lines in the Finnish language in the next play she participated; Lea by Aleksis Kivi, which made her historical as the first actor to have pronounced her lines in the Finnish language on a public theater in Finland. She repeated her act by being the first actress to play Ofelia and lady Macbeth in the Finnish language.

In 1872, Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm formed the Finnish language theater company. This was however opposed by the Russian authorities, who banned her from accepting assignments in the Finnish language, and the same year, she left with a travelling theater company to perform in Oslo in Norway.

Later career
In 1874, she married the Norwegian writer and journalist Kristian Winterhjelm. At this point, she took a new first name, Hedvig, thereby becoming known as Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm. Her second spouse was an alcoholic who forbade her to accept long-term assignments, and she continued her career as a guest artist. Under that title, she toured Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark.

She came to be particularly famed as an Ibsen-interpreter. She toured Norway in 1876–1878, and in 1883, she toured as Mrs Alving in Ibsens Ghosts (play) in Helsingborg, Copenhagen, Stockholm and Oslo.

Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm was also active as a translator of plays. She also tutored as a drama teacher, both as a private teacher and at schools. She was engaged as a drama teacher at the Högre lärarinneseminariet in Stockholm, where she tutored until 1906.

References

Sources
 Österberg, Carin et al., Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare (Swedish women:Predecessors, pioneers) Lund: Signum 1990. ()
 301-302 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 8. Feiss - Fruktmögel) at runeberg.org
 Georg Nordensvan : Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Andra bandet 1842-1918 ("Swedish Theatre and Swedish actors from the days of Gustav III to our days. Second book 1842-1918")

19th-century Swedish actresses
Swedish stage actresses
1838 births
1907 deaths
19th-century Finnish actresses
19th-century Norwegian actresses
Norwegian stage actresses
Swedish expatriates in Finland
Swedish expatriates in Norway


Normalization process theory (NPT) is a sociological theory, generally used in the fields of science and technology studies (STS), Implementation Science, and healthcare system research. The theory deals with the adoption of technological and organizational innovations into systems, recent studies have utilized this theory in evaluating new practices in social care and education settings.  It was developed out of the normalization process model.

Origins
Normalization process theory, dealing with the adoption, implementation, embedding, integration, and sustainment of new technologies and organizational innovations, was developed by Carl R. May, Tracy Finch, and colleagues between 2003 and 2009. It was developed through ESRC funded research on Telehealth and through an ESRC fellowship to May. Its application to randomised controlled trials was led by Professor Elizabeth Murray of University College London, and chararacterised Normalization Process Theory as a trial killer.

Through three iterations, the theory has built upon the normalization process model previously developed by May et al. to explain the social processes that lead to the routine embedding of innovative health technologies.

Content
Normalization process theory focuses attention on agentic contributions – the things that individuals and groups do to operationalize new or modified modes of practice as they interact with dynamic elements of their environments. It defines the implementation, embedding, and integration as a process that occurs when participants deliberately initiate and seek to sustain a sequence of events that bring it into operation. The dynamics of implementation processes are complex, but normalization process theory facilitates understanding by focusing attention on the mechanisms through which participants invest and contribute to them. It reveals  "the work that actors do as they engage with some ensemble of activities (that may include new or changed ways of thinking, acting, and organizing) and by which means it becomes routinely embedded in the matrices of already existing, socially patterned, knowledge and practices".  These have explored objects, agents, and contexts. In a paper published under a creative commons license, May and colleagues describe how, since 2006, NPT has undergone three iterations.

Objects
The first iteration of the theory focused attention on the relationship between the properties of a complex healthcare intervention and the collective action of its users. Here, agents' contributions are made in reciprocal relationship with the emergent capability that they find in the objects – the ensembles of behavioural and cognitive practices – that they enact. These socio-material capabilities are governed by the possibilities and constraints presented by objects, and the extent to which they can be made workable and integrated in practice as they are mobilized.

Agents
The second iteration of the theory built on the analysis of collective action, and showed how this was linked to the mechanisms through which people make their activities meaningful and build commitments to them. Here, investments of social structural and social cognitive resources are expressed as emergent contributions to social action through a set of generative mechanisms: coherence (what people do to make sense of objects, agency, and contexts); cognitive participation (what people do to initiate and be enrolled into delivering an ensemble of practices); collective action (what people do to enact those practices); and reflexive monitoring (what people do to appraise the consequences of their contributions). These constructs are the core of the theory, and provide the foundation of its analytic purchase on practice.

Contexts
The third iteration of the theory developed the analysis of agentic contributions by offering an account of centrally important structural and cognitive resources on which agents draw as they take action. Here, dynamic elements of social contexts are experienced by agents as capacity (the social structural resources, that they possess, including informational and material resources, and social norms and roles) and potential (the social cognitive resources that they possess, including knowledge and beliefs, and individual intentions and shared commitments). These resources are mobilized by agents when they invest in the ensembles of practices that are the objects of implementation.

Location within sociological theory
Normalization process theory is regarded as a middle range theory that is located within the 'turn to materiality' in STS. It therefore fits well with the case-study oriented approach to empirical investigation used in STS. It also appears to be a straightforward alternative to actor–network theory in that it does not insist on the agency of non-human actors, and seeks to be explanatory rather than descriptive. However, because normalization process theory specifies a set of generative mechanisms that empirical investigation has shown to be relevant to implementation and integration of new technologies, it can also be used in larger scale structured and comparative studies. Although it fits well with the interpretive approach of ethnography and other qualitative research methods, it also lends itself to systematic review and survey research methods. As a middle range theory, it can be federated with other theories to explain empirical phenomena. It is compatible with theories of the transmission and organization of innovations, especially diffusion of innovations theory, labor process theory, and psychological theories including the theory of planned behavior and social learning theory.

References

Sociological theories
Technological change
Science and technology studies


Bogusław Mamiński (born 18 December 1955 in Kamień Pomorski) is a retired long-distance runner from Poland, known for winning the silver medal in the men's 3,000m Steeplechase event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece. He did the same one year later at the inaugural World Championships. Mamiński set his personal best (8:09.18) in the event on 24 August 1984 at a meet in Brussels, Belgium.

International competitions

1Representing Europe
2Did not finish in the final

Personal bests
1500 metres – 3:38.93 (Rome 1980)
3000 metres – 7:47.12 (Lausanne 1985)
5000 metres – 13:26.09 (Nice 1980)
2000 metres steeplechase – 5:20.81 (Oslo 1984)
3000 metres steeplechase – 8:09.18 (Brussels 1984)

References
1982 Year Ranking

All-Athletics profile

1955 births
Living people
Polish male long-distance runners
Polish male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Poland
World Athletics Championships medalists
People from Kamień Pomorski
European Athletics Championships medalists
Sportspeople from West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Legia Warsaw athletes
Competitors at the 1986 Goodwill Games
Friendship Games medalists in athletics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Poland


Helmut Yström (1881–1963) was a German politician  and Senator in Bremen, Germany.

Biography
Yström's first foray into government work was his military service during World War I. From 1919 to 1937, he was a Bremen police officer. He quickly rose in the hierarchy of the police force, and in 1945 became the police president of Bremerhaven. He served in this capacity until 1948, the year in which he retired.

After the Second World War, he joined the CDU.  As successor to Martin Wilkens, he was the Bremen senator for Food and Agriculture Department in the SPD / CDU Senate of Bremen under the leadership of William Kaisen from 1952 to 1955.  This department was disbanded in 1955. Yström was then a successor to John Degener, a CDU  Senator for the housing sector.  This department was also disbanded in 1955.

References

1881 births
1963 deaths
German police chiefs
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians


Lawrence K. Jones is an American counseling psychologist, career assessment developer, and writer of international standing. Jones is a professor Emeritus in the College of Education at North Carolina State University. He received his master's degree from the University of Pennsylvania, and his Ph.D. in counseling psychology at the University of Missouri.  His work has been published in more than 50 scientific journals and books.  He is the author of the Encyclopedia of Career Change and Work Issues, selected as one of the "Outstanding Reference Sources" by the American Library Association. He received the annual, national Professional Development award of the American Counseling Association and he is a National Certified Counselor.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American psychologists