The Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostium () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Apulia, has carried its present name since 1986. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Lecce.

The historical archdiocese of Brindisi was promoted from a diocese in the tenth century. The territory of the diocese of Ostuni was added to it in 1821. The archdiocese lost its status as metropolitan see in 1980.

History
There is no historical proof for early beginnings of Christianity in Brindisi, except the account given by Arnobius, who died c. 330, of the fall of Simon Magus, who withdrew to Brindisi and cast himself from a high rock into the sea.

According to a local legend, the first Bishop of Brindisi was Leucius of Brindisi, about 165, who later underwent martyrdom. Leucius is called a confessor or, by Pope Gregory I, a martyr. He is said to have been from Alexandria in Egypt, to have come to Brindisi already a bishop, with his archdeacon, and to have baptised some 27,000 people. The earliest account of his life says he died under the Emperor Theodosius; Theodosius I ruled from 379–395, and Theodosius II from 408–450. Other versions put his death under Commodus, between 180 and 192, and yet others place his martyrdom under Valerianus, 253–259. That he was made a bishop from the east rather than one connected with Rome suggests that his story was worked on when Brindisi was subject to Constantinople, between the 8th and 10th centuries.

Oria

The Diocese of Brindisi at first embraced the territory comprised within the present diocese of Oria. In the tenth century, after Brindisi had been destroyed by the Saracens, the bishops took up their abode at Oria, on account of its greater security.

In 1572–1591, during the tenure of the Spanish Bishop Bernardino de Figueroa movements were made to separate Oria as seat of a new diocese. The town was erected into an episcopal see on 8 May 1591 by Pope Gregory XIV, after the death of the Spaniard, Archbishop Bernardino de Figueroa.  After an interval of four and a half years first bishop of Oria was appointed, Vincenzo del Tufo, in 1596.

In the reorganization of the dioceses of the Kingdom of Naples in 1818 Brindisi was combined with the Diocese of Ostuni, formerly its suffragan.

Brindisi has been an archiepiscopal see since the tenth century. The ancient cathedral was located outside the city, but in 1140 Roger II, King of Sicily and Naples, built the present cathedral in the centre of the city.

Synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

In 1608, Bishop Juan de Falces (1605-1636) presided over a diocesan synod. He held another, his third, on 10 September 1615. A fourth took place on 16 October 1616. A fifth diocesan synod was held on 9 April 1617, and a sixth on 22 April 1618. His seventh synod was held on 8 September 1618, his eighth on 2 May 1621, and his ninth on 10 April 1622.

Bishops of Brindisi

to 1200
Leucius ( ? )
[Marcus (attested 325)]
[Aproculus (Proculus)]
...
Julianus (attested c.492–496)
...
Pretiosus (6th cent. ?)
...

 Andrea (died 979)
...
Nardo (c. 1040)
 Eustasius (c.1052–c.1071)
...
Gregorius ? (attested 1074, 1080 ?)
Archbishops of Brindisi e Oria
Godinus (1085–1098)
Baldwin (attested 1100)
Nicholas (1101–1105)
Guilelmus (1105–1118)
Bajalardus (Bailardo) (1118–1143)<ref>Archbishop(-elect) Bajalardus of Brindisi was present at the consecration of Pope Gelasius II on Sunday 10 March 1118 at Gaeta. His consecration and pallium had to wait, since the Pope fled to Pisa and then to France, where he died. Bajalardus was finally consecrated in February 1122 by Pope Calixtus II, who also made him a Cardinal Deacon of the Roman church. He took part in the transfer of the remains of S. Peregrinus at Trani in 1143. Pandulfus Pisanus, "Vita Gelasii II", in:  Ughelli, pp. 32-33. Guerrieri, pp. 103-104. Klaus Ganzer, Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1963) pp. 74-75. Rudolf Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus, und Kirchen Roms, 1049–1130 (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1963), p. 245.</ref>
Lupus (1144–1172)
Wilelmus (1173–1181)
Petrus (1183–1196)
Girardus (1196–c.1216)

1200 to 1500

Peregrinus (1216–1224)
Petrus de Bisignano (1225–1239?)
Petrus Paparone (1239–1254?)
Peregrinus (1254–1288?)
Adenulfus (1288–1295)
Andreas Pandone (1296–1304)
Radulfus (1304–1306) AdministratorBartholomaeus (1306–1319)
Bertrandus, O.P. (1319–1333)
Guilelmus Isardi, O.Min. (1333-1344)
Guilelmus de Rosières, O.S.B. (1344–1346)
 Galhard de Carceribus (1346–1348)
Joannes de Porta (1348–1352)
Pinus, O.P. (1352–1378?)
Gurellus (1379– ) Avignon ObedienceMarinus del Judice (c.1379–1382) Roman ObedienceRiccardus de Rogeriis (1382–c.1409) Roman ObedienceVictor (1409–1411) Roman ObediencePaulus (Romanus) (1411– ? )
Pandullus (1412–1414) Pisan ObedienceAragonus de Malaspina (1415–1418) Pisan ObediencePaulus (1418–1423)
Petrus Gattula (1423– )
Pietro de Gattula (1423-1437)
Goffredo Carusio (1453-1471)
Francesco de Arenis (1477-1483)
Roberto Piscicelli (1484-1513)

1500 to 1800

Domingo Idiocáiz (1513-1518)
Gian Pietro Carafa (1518-1524)
Girolamo Aleandro (1524–1541)
Francesco Aleandro (1541-1560) Sede vacante (1560–1564)
 Giovanni Carlo Bovio (1564–1572)
 Bernardino de Figueroa (1571–1591)
Andrés de Ayardis (1591-1595)
Juan Pedrosa, O.S.B. (1598-1604)
Juan Santisteban de Falces, O.S.Hier. (1605-1636)
Francesco Surgenti (Sorgente), C.R. (1638-1640)
Dionysius Odriscol, O.F.M. Obs. (1640-1650)
Lorenzo Reynoso (1652-1656)Sede vacante (1656–1659)
Francesco de Estrada (1659-1671)
Alfonso Álvarez Barba Ossorio, O. Carm. (1673–1676)
Manuel de la Torre (1677-1679)
Giovanni de Torrecilla y Cárdenas (1681-1688)
Francesco Ramírez, O.P. (1689-1697)
Agustín Antonio de Arellano, O.S.A. (1698-1699)
Bernabé de Castro, O.S.A. (1700-1707)Sede vacante (1707–1715)
Pablo de Vilana Perlas (1715-1723)
 Andrea Maddalena (1724–1743)
Antonino Sersale (1743-1750)
Giovanni Angelo Ciocchi del Monte (1751-1759)
Domenico Rovegno (1759-1763)
Giuseppe de Rossi (1764-1778)
Giovanni Battista Rivellini (1778-1795)Rivellini:
Annibale Di Leo (1798-1814)

since 1800Sede vacante (1814–1818)
Antonio Barretta, Theat. (1818–1819)
Giuseppe Maria Tedeschi, O.P. (1819-1825)
Pietro Consiglio (1826–1839)
Didacus (Diego) Planeta (1841–1850)
Giuseppe Rotondo (1850-1855)
Raffaele Ferrigno (1856-1875)
Luigi Maria Aguilar, B. (1875-1892)
Salvatore Palmieri, C.Pp.S. (1893-1905)
Luigi Morando, C.S.S. (1906-1909)
Tommaso Valerio Valeri, O.F.M. (1910-1942)
Francesco de Filippis (1942-1953)
Nicola Margiotta (1953-1975)
Settimio Todisco (1975-2000)
Rocco Talucci (2000-2012)
Domenico Caliandro 2012–2022
Giovanni Intini 2022–present

See also
 Timeline of Brindisi

Notes and references

Bibliography
Reference for bishops

Studies

Carito, Giacomo (2007). "Gli arcivescovi di Brindisi sino al 674,"  in: Parola e storia, I, n. 2/ 2007, pp. 197-225.
Carito, Giacomo (2008). "Gli arcivescovi di Brindisi dal VII al X secolo," , in Parola e storia : rivista dell'Istituto superiore di scienze religiose San Lorenzo da Brindisi dell'Arcidiocesi di Brindisi-Ostuni, facoltà teologica pugliese Vol. 2 (2008), n. 2 (4), pp. 289-308.
Carito, Giacomo (2009). "Gli arcivescovi di Brindisi nell'XI secolo," , in Parola e storia Anno 3 (2009), n. 1 (5), pp. 57-78.
Carito, Giacomo (2010). "Gli arcivescovi di Brindisi nel XII secolo," , in: Parola e storia Anno 4 (2010), n. 1 (7), pp. 51-89.
Coco, F. A. (1914). Titoli dignitari e nobiliari della sede arcivescovile di Brindisi. Studio storico critico. Lecce: Giurdignano, 1914.
Guerrieri, Vito (1848), "Brindisi", in:
Kamp, Norbert (1975). Kirche und Monarchie im staufischen Königreich Sizilien. I. Prosopographische Grundlegung: 2. Apulien und Kalabrien. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1962). Italia pontificia. Vol. IX: Samnium — Apulia — Lucania. Berlin: Weidmann.

Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604)''. Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 305–310, 312, 317.

Acknowledgment

Brindisi
Brindisi
Brindisi


"Stompin' at the Savoy" is a 1933 jazz standard composed by Edgar Sampson. It is named after the famed Harlem nightspot the Savoy Ballroom in New York City.

History and composition
Although the song is often credited to Benny Goodman, Chick Webb, Edgar Sampson, and Andy Razaf, it was written and arranged by Sampson, Rex Stewart's alto saxophonist. Sampson wrote the song when he was with Stewart's orchestra at the Empire Ballroom in 1933. It was used as the band's theme song until the band broke up, after which Sampson joined Chick Webb's band, taking the song with him.  Webb’s recording rose to number ten on the charts in 1934. Two years later, the piece charted with versions by Ozzie Nelson and Benny Goodman.

Both Webb and Benny Goodman recorded it as an instrumental, Goodman's being the bigger hit. Lyrics were added by lyricist Andy Razaf.
Goodman's 1936 version is written in 32-bar song form with four 8-bar phrases arranged AABA. The A sections use a Db6, Ab9, Db6, Ddim, Ebm7, Ab7, Db, Db chord sequence. The B section phrases use a Gb9/G9, Gb9, B13/F#m6, B13, E9/F9, E9, A13, Ab13 chord sequence. The tempo is medium fast.

Since becoming a jazz standard, the song has been recorded hundreds of times.

Various versions
 Chick Webb, 1934
 Benny Goodman, 1936
 Judy Garland, 1936
 Charlie Christian, 1941
 Django Reinhardt, 1944
 Art Tatum, 1941
 Glenn Miller and the AAFB, V-Disc, 1944
 Esquire All Stars, 1944
 Art Tatum, The Art Tatum Solo Masterpieces Volume 5, 1953
 Clifford Brown and Max Roach, Brown and Roach Incorporated, 1954
 Anita O'Day, Pick Yourself Up with Anita O'Day, 1956
 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, 1956
 Art Pepper, Modern Art, 1956
 Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, Ella and Louis Again, 1957
 Jim Hall, 1957
 Ahmad Jamal and Cal Tjader, 1958)
 Henri Salvador, Salvador plays the blues, 1959
 Ella Fitzgerald  live, on her Ella at the Opera House album, 1960
 Sarah Vaughan, 1964
 Harry Connick, Jr., When Harry Met Sally..., 1989
 The Boston Pops Orchestra under John Williams, 1991
 Karrin Allyson, Azure-Té, 1995
 Eddie Daniels, Swing Low Sweet Clarinet, 1999
 Nikki Yanofsky with Herbie Hancock and will.i.am, 2007
 Tony Glausi, My Favorite Tunes, 2020

See also
List of jazz standards (1930s)

Notes

References

External links
"Stompin' at the Savoy" Jazz guitar arrangement

1934 songs
1930s jazz standards
Songs written by Andy Razaf
Songs written by Edgar Sampson
Benny Goodman songs
Al Hirt songs
Jazz songs
Jazz compositions in C major


Oakland Plantation may refer to:

in the United States;
(by state)
 Oakland Plantation (Bossier Parish, Louisiana)
 Oakland Plantation House (Gurley, Louisiana), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
 Oakland Plantation (Natchitoches, Louisiana), a U.S. National Historic Landmark in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
 Oakland Plantation (Carvers, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Bladen County, North Carolina
 Oakland Plantation (Tarboro, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Edgecombe County, North Carolina
 Oakland Plantation (Beech Island, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Aiken County, South Carolina
 Oakland Plantation (Fort Motte, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Calhoun County, South Carolina
 Oakland Plantation House (Mount Pleasant, South Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Charleston County, South Carolina

See also
Oakland (disambiguation), which includes several NRHP places named Oakland which may be plantations


Lepenica is a village in Mačva District, Central Serbia, Serbia.

References

Populated places in Mačva District


Microphis lineatus, the opossum pipefish, is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. It is found in fresh, brackish and marine waters in the West Atlantic region, ranging from New Jersey, United States, to São Paulo, Brazil, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. It is often found in rivers, among water hyacinth roots, in mangrove and in Sargassum.

The opossum pipefish was formerly regarded as a subspecies of Microphis brachyurus (native to Asia and Oceania), but is now recognized as a full species by both FishBase and Catalog of Fishes. Furthermore, it is possible that full-freshwater populations currently included in the opossum pipefish represent a separate species.

In the United States, the opossum pipefish is considered a species of concern by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Due to uncertainty about its taxonomy and vulnerability to habitat destruction, it is considered data deficient by the IUCN. It reaches up to  in standard length.

Species description
Opossum pipefish are a widespread species that spawn in low salinity areas of estuaries.
The color of the opossum pipefish is distinctive, especially in breeding adults: the upper snout and back half of the head and body is sienna brown with a series of dark red blotches on each lateral trunk ring forming a red stripe between the lateral and superior trunk ridges; there is a silver stripe on the mid-side between the lateral and inferior trunk ridges, a silver edge on the inferior trunk ridge; the lower half of the snout is bright red with a variable number of black vertical bars, and the caudal fin is also red with a central dark stripe.

Ecology
Nothing is known about annual variation in population size, but the decline in habitat quality (described below) has likely led to a drastic decrease in population size.

Conservation
The major threats to the opossum pipefish are habitat destruction, water control structures, declining water quality, and an increase in disease. These factors have been documented within the primary ecosystems occupied by opossum pipefish.

Conservation designations
IUCN: Data deficient.

U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service: Species of Concern

American Fisheries Society: Threatened

Species of Greatest Conservation Need:FL, LA, and TX.

References

NMFS. Species of Concern Fact Sheet . 2008

lineatus
Fish described in 1856


The Cheadle Academy (formerly Cheadle High School) is a coeducational secondary school with academy status located in Cheadle, Staffordshire in the Midlands area of England.

It has around 790 pupils ranging from Year 7 to 13. The Cheadle Academy has its own sixth form provision that opened in September 2017.

The Cheadle Academy is a specialist arts school. It offers a broad curriculum base, offering students the chance to study a wide range of subjects. Students in Year 10 and Year 11 can choose from subjects such as Health and Social Care, BTEC Sport, Business Studies, ICT, Geography and History.

The proportion of students achieving 9-5 grades in Maths was 67% and in English Language the proportion of students achieving 9-5 was 68%. In English Literature this was 98%. Overall the proportion of pupils who were entered for 5 or more GCSE, and achieved 5 or more 9-5 grades, was 61%. Similarly, the pass rate for Grade 5 or more 9-5 including English and Maths was 58%.

History
The school was formed by the merging of Cheadle Grammar School and Mackenzie Secondary Modern. In 1975 the two schools being adjacent to each other, but separated by what is now Painsley Catholic College. There is now a sixth form college on site - The Cheadle Sixth Form

Curriculum
The Cheadle Academy teaches Science, Maths, English, Languages, Religious Education, Business Studies, Information Communication Technology, Health and Social Care, Sport, Geography, History, Art, Technology, Physical Education and, Music.

Radio
The Cheadle Academy hosts its own fully licensed high school radio station which features shows produced by pupils and staff, representing local interests of all stakeholders. The station is popular with both pupils and members of the local area, who can listen online via the online player.

Listeners are encouraged to take part in the show via text message (cheadle + message to 07786 206955).

School productions
The school produces many musical and drama productions. Some of the more recent productions have included; Back to the 80s and Grease.

References

External links
 The Cheadle Academy

Academies in Staffordshire
Secondary schools in Staffordshire
Cheadle, Staffordshire


Lepenica, Serbia may refer to several places:

Lepenica (Great Morava), a river in Šumadija district
Lepenica (region)
Lepenica (Vladičin Han), a village in the municipality of Vladičin Han, Pčinja District
Lepenica, Pčinja, a village in Pčinja District
Lepenica, Mačva, a village in Mačva District


A security question is form of shared secret used as an authenticator. It is commonly used by banks, cable companies and wireless providers as an extra security layer.

History
Financial institutions have used questions to authenticate customers since at least the early 20th century. In a 1906 speech at a meeting of a section of the American Bankers Association, Baltimore banker William M. Hayden described his institution's use of security questions as a supplement to customer signature records. He described the signature cards used in opening new accounts, which had spaces for the customer's birthplace, "residence," mother's maiden name, occupation and age.

Hayden noted that some of these items were often left blank and that the "residence" information was used primarily to contact the customer, but the mother's maiden name was useful as a "strong test of identity." Although he observed that it was rare for someone outside the customer's family to try to withdraw money from a customer account, he said that the mother's maiden name was useful in verification because it was rarely known outside the family and that even the people opening accounts were "often unprepared for this question." Similarly, under modern practice, a credit card provider could request a customer's mother's maiden name before issuing a replacement for a lost card.

In the 2000s, security questions came into widespread use on the Internet.  As a form of self-service password reset, security questions have reduced information technology help desk costs.  By allowing the use of security questions online, they are rendered vulnerable to keystroke logging and brute-force guessing attacks, as well as phishing. In addition, whereas a human customer service representative may be able to cope with inexact security answers appropriately, computers are less adept.  As such, users must remember the exact spelling and sometimes even case of the answers they provide, which poses the threat that more answers will be written down, exposing them to physical theft.

Application
Due to the commonplace nature of social-media, many of the older traditional security questions are no longer useful or secure. It is important to remember that a security question is just another password. Therefore, a security question should not be shared with anyone else, or include any information readily available on social media websites, while remaining simple, memorable, difficult to guess, and constant over time. Understanding that not every question will work for everyone, RSA (a U.S. network security provider, a division of EMC Corporation) gives banks 150 questions to choose from.

Many have questioned the usefulness of security questions. Security specialist Bruce Schneier points out that since they are public facts about a person, they are easier to guess for hackers than passwords. Users that know this create fake answers to the questions, then forget the answers, thus defeating the purpose and creating an inconvenience not worth the investment.

See also
Cognitive password
Knowledge-based authentication
Password fatigue

References

Authentication methods
Banking technology
Computer access control


A landscape zodiac (or terrestrial zodiac) is a purported map of the stars on a gigantic scale, formed by features in the landscape, such as roads, streams and field boundaries. Perhaps the best known alleged example is the Glastonbury Temple of the Stars, situated around Glastonbury in Somerset, England. The temple is thought by some to depict a colossal zodiac.

Theory
The theory was first put forward in 1935 by Katherine Maltwood, an artist who "discovered" the zodiac in a vision, and held that the "temple" was created by Sumerians about 2700 BC. Interest was re-ignited in 1969 by Mary Caine in an article in the magazine Gandalf's Garden.

The landscape zodiac plays an important role in many occult theories. It has been associated with the Celtic Saints, Grail legend and King Arthur (according to some legends buried in Glastonbury).

Criticism
The idea was examined by two independent studies, one by Ian Burrow in 1975  and the other in 1983 by Tom Williamson and Liz Bellamy, using the standard methods of landscape historical research.  Both studies concluded that the evidence contradicted the idea.  The eye of Capricorn identified by Maltwood was a haystack. The western wing of the Aquarius phoenix was a road laid in 1782 to run around Glastonbury, and older maps dating back to the 1620s show the road had no predecessors.  The Cancer boat (not a crab as would be expected) is made up of a network of eighteenth century drainage ditches and paths.  There are some Neolithic paths preserved in the peat of the bog formerly comprising most of the area, but none of the known paths match the lines of the zodiac features. There is no support for this theory, or for the existence of the "temple" in any form, from conventional archaeologists or mainstream historians.

List of landscape zodiacs
Beside the Glastonbury arrangement further zodiacs have been alleged in Britain in following years including:

 Kingston upon Thames Zodiac
 The Lizard Zodiac, Cornwall
 Bodmin Moor Zodiac
 The Pumpsaint Zodiac
 Nuthampstead Terrestrial Zodiac
 The Sheffield Zodiac, South Yorkshire

There is rarely a strong scientific case for these discoveries. Their nebulous existence is in many ways similar to urban myths, ufology, or ley lines. They seem to play a part in personal belief systems; see Valentine (2016). Some are intentionally fictional; for example "The Brighton Zodiac" – created by Sally Hurst, based on the streets of that town – features as a plot device in Robert Rankin's novel The Brightonomicon.

Landscape zodiacs and psychogeography
In the walks around the M25 motorway documented in psychogeographer Iain Sinclair's 2003 novel London Orbital, the walkers trace the mythical Kingston upon Thames Zodiac.

See also
 Psychogeography
 The Brightonomicon

References

Further reading
Brinsley le Poer Trench(1962) Temple of the Stars
Katherine E. Maltwood (1935) A Guide to Glastonbury's Temple of the Stars
Peter James and Nick Thorpe (1999) Ancient Mysteries, Ballantine Books, New York, pp 298–304
Iain Sinclair (2005) London Orbital, Penguin Books, London,
Mary Caine (2001) The Kingston Zodiac Capall Barn Publishing
Lewis Edwards,  The Welsh Temple of the Zodiac (undated mimeographed pamphlet)
John Michell (1975) The Earth Spirit - Its Ways, Shrines and Mysteries
John Michell (1979) Simulacra - with 196 Illustrations of Faces and Figures in Nature London: Thames & Hudson
Sheila Jeffries (1996) Cornwall's Landscape Zodiac St.Keverne:Elderberry Books
R. Nichols (1993)Great Zodiac of Glastonbury Mandrake Press, Thame England
Nigel Ayers (2007)The Bodmin Moor Zodiac Earthly Delights, Lostwithiel, Cornwall
Oliver L. Reiser (1975) This Holyest Erthe: Glastonbury Zodiac and King Arthur's Avalon TRSP Publications
Caroline Hall Hovey (1985) The Somerset Sanctuary, Merlin Books LTD, Devon,
Hugh Newman (2008) Earth Grids - the Secret Patterns of Gaia's Sacred Sites Wooden Books

Hypotheses
History of astrology
Pseudohistory
Pseudoarchaeology


The Yemenite citron (, etrog teimani) is a variety of citron, usually containing no juice vesicles in its fruit's segments. The bearing tree and the mature fruit's size are somewhat larger than the trees and fruit of other varieties of citron.

Classification
Despite its major differences from standard varieties of the most common original citron, the Yemenite citron was attested by a group of citrus and genetic experts to be a true variety of citron, and possesses a close genetic relation with the rest of the types. A brief documentation of this study was presented at the Global Citrus Germplasm Network.

The Yemenite kind is highly affiliated with the Moroccan citron which is traditionally cultivated in a remote area in the absence of any other citrus species.

Role as Etrog

Although other varieties of pulpless citron, such as Buddha's hand, can be found in India and China, most Jewish cultures are not aware of them, therefore the Yemenite citron is the only pulpless citron used as etrog. According to the Yemenite tradition that is claimed to trace back to the first Temple, their kind was with them all the times.

Etrog haCushi
 () is mentioned in the Mishnah as well as in both the Babylonian (Succa 36a) and the Jerusalem Talmud (Succa 3:6). The most common interpretation is that the Biblical Cush refers to Ethiopia, and therefore Etrog haKuschi should also refer to something which could be called the Ethiopian citron.

The Ethiopian Jews did not follow the mitzva of four species, even though they did anticipate the Sukkot festival, as well as the rest of the Jewish ethnic divisions. This may have been due to their lack of ability to procure the species. Some believe that this is due to some Karaite influence, whose biblical interpretation indicates that the four species are only used as roofing for a sukkah (the S'chach), and not for a separate waving ritual.

However, the Yemenite citron is available in Ethiopia and its markets, where it is sold for consumption. According to Erich Isaac, the late researcher of citrus distribution, the Yemenite citron is synonymous with the Ethiopian citron, as a result of Ethiopian rule of Yemen in the past.

Areas of cultivation
Growing un-grafted citrons in Yemen has some associated difficulties, particularly since citron is a highly susceptible plant.

The most common rootstock types that are currently used to graft citrus in Yemen are Sour orange (Citrus × aurantium) and Rough lemon (Citrus jhambiri), which are very helpful to prevent exocortis in Northern Yemen. The specific rootstock species are not carefully documented in Yemen and therefore difficult to detect, after the graft is done. However, throughout Yemen, grafting is not enough to prevent infection by Phytophthora gummosis, which can nonetheless still be controlled by appropriate horticultural practices.

The main cultivation area of the Yemenite citron today is Israel, where it is highly sought out for its beauty and large size.

Notes

References

External links
 The secret life of etrogs by the Jewish Journal
 UJA of Greater Toronto
 Yemenite Etrog on Flickr
 Blog
 A Yemenite website saying that there are grafted Yemenite citrons in Israel The same
 Pictures of orchard growing Yemenite variety
 Blog containing pictures of bloom and fruit on the tree

Citron
Four species (Sukkot)
Jews and Judaism in Yemen


Oakland Plantation, originally known as the Jean Pierre Emmanuel Prud'homme Plantation, and also known as Bermuda, is a historic plantation in and unincorporated area of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana.  Founded as a forced-labor farm worked by enslaved Black people for White owners, it is one of the nation's best and most intact examples of a French Creole cotton plantation complex. The Oakland Plantation is now owned by the National Park Service as part of the Cane River Creole National Historical Park.

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 29, 1979. It is designated as a notable destination on the state's Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001.

Geography
The Oakland Plantation grounds and structures are within the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, in the National Park Service's Cane River National Heritage Area. The plantation is situated on a bend of the Cane River Lake, with access by Louisiana Highway 119 in the Bermuda community near the parish seat of Natchitoches. Oakland Plantation is located near the Magnolia Plantation, which is another National Historic Landmark within the Cane River Creole National Historical Park; and the Melrose Plantation.

Oakland Plantation is associated with the Atahoe Plantation (of Natchez), which was developed by one of the Prud'homme family. The Cherokee Plantation was built by a granddaughter of Jean Pierre Emmanuel Prud'homme. It is also associated with the community of Isle Brevelle, a local Creole community.

History

19th century
The original owners, Jean-Pierre Emanuel Prud'homme and his wife Marie Catherine (Lambre) Prud'homme, completed building the Oakland Plantation house in 1821.  The family tradition claims that Oakland was one of the first plantations in the area to grow cotton on a large scale, which was cultivated and harvested by enslaved African Americans. They also raised and used farm animals, which were served by extant buildings, such as the dipping vat, the turkey shed, the mule barn, two pigeonniers, and several chicken coops.

The Prud'hommes also owned and operated a general store on the plantation, which also housed the Bermuda U.S. Post Office for many years.  The plantation flourished in the 19th century.

20th century
Descendant J. Alphonse Prud'homme won the gold medal at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis for growing the highest-grade cotton in the South.

The Cane River Creole National Historical Park was authorized by Congress in 1994, with support by US Senator J. Bennett Johnston (R-LA). In 1997, the National Park Service acquired the main buildings and surrounding land of Oakland Plantation for the park. The NPS has reached advanced stages in the preservation and conservation of the many outbuildings, and of the plantation house. They have completed furnishing interiors with furniture, paintings, and textiles as it was in the 1860s at the end of the antebellum plantation era.

The park's program includes interpretation of emancipation and the history of freedmen and Creoles of color, and their descendants, who lived and worked on Oakland Plantation for nearly 100 years after the American Civil War.  They were all integral to the region's community life.  The community has strongly associated the plantation with the Prud'homme family, many of whose descendants still reside in the area today.

See also
Antebellum architecture
National Register of Historic Places listings in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Cane River National Heritage Area topics
Plantations in Louisiana

References

External links

NPS Cane River National Heritage Area: Oakland Plantation history
NPS Cane River National Heritage Area: a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary

Houses completed in 1821
Plantation houses in Louisiana
Houses in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Historic house museums in Louisiana
Museums in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Open-air museums in Louisiana
Cane River National Heritage Area
Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Antebellum architecture
Creole architecture in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
1818 establishments in Louisiana
Cotton plantations in Louisiana


No. 518 Squadron RAF was a meteorological squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.  The weather observations they collected helped inform Group Captain James Martin Stagg's recommendation to General Dwight D. Eisenhower to delay the launching of the D-Day invasion of Normandy from 5 June to 6 June 1944.

History
No. 518 Squadron formed on 6 July 1943 at RAF Stornoway, situated on the Isle of Lewis, in the Western Isles of Scotland. It was equipped with the Handley Page Halifax, a British four-engined heavy bomber. After moving to RAF Tiree on 25 September 1943, and absorbing No. 1402 Flight, it became operational with daily sorties out into the North Atlantic to collect meteorological data. It also undertook reconnaissance for Kriegsmarine U-boat activity.

Ten hour flights were normal.The flights collected information on barometric pressure, temperature and humidity plus weather, cloud and wind velocity data. The detailed information was sent back by wireless every half hour in meteorological code and wartime cypher. The flights were codenamed "Bismuth" and "Mercer". It was crucial that the pilot fly at exactly the right height and follow the other instructions given by the met observer and the navigator. The navigation had to be spot-on so that the readings taken by the met observer were correct. The flights had to be made, no matter what. During 1944, 518 squadron flew every single day but two. On one of these days the trip was aborted because snow on the runway had hardened to ice and the plane slipped off.

In the run-up to D-Day, during the late spring of 1944, the squadron, operating modified Halifax bomber aircraft out of RAF Tiree, located in the inner Hebrides, and often under dangerous weather conditions, collected weather observations from hundreds of miles into the Atlantic; these reports were used by Group Captain James Martin Stagg in his recommendation to General Dwight D. Eisenhower that the D-Day invasion of Normandy be postponed from 5 to 6 June 1944.

Flights often returned with only three engines running. Sometimes two. During the squadron's time at Tiree, there were 12 crashes or losses of aircraft.

There is a memorial in Tiree to the two Halifax aircrew who lost their lives when their aircraft collided over the airfield on Wednesday 16 August 1944. This memorial was unveiled by Kenneth Organ on 16 August 2014. Attending the ceremony was Antonín Hradilek, Deputy Ambassador of the Embassy of the Czech Republic. Amongst those killed was Leonard Revilliod, grandson of Tomáš Masaryk, the first President of the newly formed Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918

After the end of the Second World War the squadron moved to RAF Aldergrove in Northern Ireland, where it absorbed No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight RAF, which had been operating Supermarine Spitfire, and Hawker Hurricane, two types of British single-seat fighter aircraft. With these aircraft added to the squadron inventory, the main equipment was also changed from the Handley Page Halifax Mk.V to the Mk.VI variants. No. 518 squadron was the last of the wartime meteorological squadrons when it was re-numbered to 202 Squadron on 1 October 1946.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

See also
 List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Squadron histories for nos. 500–520 sqn
 518's role in the D-Day landings

No. 518
Meteorological organisations based in the United Kingdom
Naval meteorology
518 Squadron
Military weather units and formations
Military units and formations established in 1943


Kinley (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Perdue No. 346 and Census Division No. 12. The village of Kinley is located about 55 km west of the City of Saskatoon on Highway 14, between the communities of Perdue 10 km west and Asquith 17 km east.

History
Kinley incorporated as a village on January 7, 1909.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kinley had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Kinley recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Government
The Village of Kinley is governed by two Councillors, a mayor and an Administrator.

Provincially the village is within the Rosetown-Elrose electoral district, whose current MLA is Jim Reiter of the Saskatchewan Party.

Federally the village is within the riding of Carlton Trail-Eagle Creek whose current MP is Kelly Block of the Conservative Party of Canada. The village's postal code is S0K 2E0 and its telephone exchange is (306) 237-###.

Education
School aged children are bused from Kinley to the communities of Perdue or Asquith, both of which have kindergarten to grade 12 schools.

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 Villages of Saskatchewan

References

Villages in Saskatchewan
Perdue No. 346, Saskatchewan
Division No. 12, Saskatchewan


Oakland Plantation House is a historic mansion located Along LA 963, about  west of Gurley, Louisiana.

The house was built by Judge Thomas W. Scott in 1827.  It has a wide front gallery, and the entrance is highlighted by two large double doors.  Inside there are plank ceilings, Federal period woodwork, beaded board walls, and molded Adam style mantels.

Judge Scott's son-in-law, Iveson Greene Gayden, named the house after his Mississippi alma mater, Oakland College.

The house fell into disrepair until it was bought in 1976 by an attorney, William Hutchinson McClendon III, and his wife, Eugenia Slaughter, who have fully restored Oakland Plantation.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1980.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
Houses completed in 1827
Houses in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
1827 establishments in Louisiana


Kirkfield is a village located in the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario. The unincorporated village was named in 1864 after the initial name, Novar, was rejected by the government. A list of 8 possible choices was then offered. The village, being predominantly Scottish at the time, chose Kirkfield, after Kirk' o' Field in Edinburgh. It is home to Lock 36 of the Trent-Severn Waterway, a hydraulic lift lock which connects Canal Lake and the artificially flooded Mitchell Lake. Travellers and commuters pass through Kirkfield regularly while travelling on Highway 48 (Now Portage Road) west towards Highway 12 and east towards Highway 35.

The village of Kirkfield is located north-northwest of Lindsay at the junction of Kawartha Lakes Road 48 and Kawartha Lakes Road 6 (Formerly highways 48 and 503, respectively).

Kirkfield is the birthplace of Canadian railway, transit, and electrical entrepreneur William Mackenzie. His railway, the Canadian Northern Railway, was Canada's second transcontinental, begun in 1895 and opened in 1915. It went bankrupt during World War I, but when combined with other bankrupt companies such as the Grand Trunk Railway it became the basis for Canadian National Railways in 1923. Mackenzie learned how to become a railway contractor when the Toronto and Nipissing Railway came through Kirkfield, opening in 1871. He was also a contractor for the Canadian Pacific Railway in the Rocky Mountains. He brought with him a group of Kirkfield labourers who were called the Eldon Reserve, and they were so faithful to him, they did not strike with other contractors when the CPR ran out of money several times. He also became head of the Toronto Railway Company in 1891, and brought the first electric streetcar service to Toronto in 1893. When later combined with other streetcar companies such as the Toronto Civic Railways, the Toronto and York Radial Railway and the Toronto Suburban Railway, the TRC became the basis for the Toronto Transit Commission in 1921. He also pioneered power generation at Niagara Falls, and headed EDCO, the Electrical Development Company of Ontario.  Adam Beck was a continual critic of Mackenzie and his companies, and eventually forced EDCO to become part of giant Ontario Hydro.

The Sir William Mackenzie Inn, built in 1888 and rumoured to be haunted, is located in Kirkfield. Several other homes in Kirkfield were built by Mackenzie for family members.

Kirkfield's Lock 36 is a 15-metre-high hydraulic liftlock constructed between 1896 and 1907. Additional construction of an updated electrical and hydraulic system was completed between 1965 and 1966. It is the second highest lift lock in Canada.

Kirkfield was the childhood home of businessman Pat Burns, who went started the Calgary Stampede and built one of largest meat packing and ranching empires in the world.

Education in the village is through Lady Mackenzie Public School, which serves an average of about 450 students, with 25 staff and faculty.

References

Communities in Kawartha Lakes


Zeudi Araya (born 10 February 1951) is an Eritrean-Italian former actress, singer, model and film producer.

Career
On a journey to Italy in 1972, Araya recorded a commercial for coffee, where she was introduced to director Luigi Scattini, who cast her with Beba Lončar in La ragazza dalla pelle di luna shot in the Seychelles. In 1973, songs composed by Piero Umiliani she sang in the score of another Scattini film where she played the lead role (La ragazza fuoristrada) were released on a 45 rpm record. From 1973 to 1975, several roles in movies followed, most of them directed by Scattini. In 1976, she appeared with Paolo Villaggio in the Fantozzi-style comedy Il signor Robinson by Sergio Corbucci. She also appeared in the Italian version of Playboy magazine in March 1974.

Her last prominent appearance was in the epic Hearts and Armour, released in 1983. Araya subsequently withdrew from acting, and has since then been producing movies. She was at the 2011 Venice Film Festival.

Personal life
Araya's father was a politician and her uncle was a diplomat in Rome. She was married to film producer Franco Cristaldi from 1983 until his death in 1992. Since 1994 she lives with the director Massimo Spano, with whom she has a son.

Selected filmography

La ragazza dalla pelle di luna – "Simone" (1973)
La ragazza fuoristrada – "Maryam" (1973)
The Prey – "Nagaina" (1974)
The Body – "Simoa" (1974)
La peccatrice – "Debra" (1975)
Mr. Robinson – "Venerdì" (1976)
Neapolitan Mystery – "Elizabeth" (1978)
Tesoro mio – "Tesoro Hoaua" (1979)
Atrocious Tales of Love and Death – "Elizabeth Hover" (1979)
Hearts and Armour – "Marfisa" (1983)
Control – "Sheba" (1987)

Producer
Marching in Darkness -"Zeudi Araya Cristaldi" (1996)
Franco Cristaldi e il suo cinema Paradiso (2009)

Television
Maurizio Costanzo Show (TV show) – "Herself" (1996)DiscographyOltre l'acqua del fiume/Maryam'' (Bla Bla, BBR 1338, 7") (1973)

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
People from Southern Region (Eritrea)
Eritrean actresses
Italian film actresses
Italian film producers
Eritrean emigrants to Italy
20th-century Eritrean women singers
20th-century Italian women singers
20th-century Italian actresses


The saltmarsh topminnow (Fundulus jenkinsi) is a species of killifish for the family Fundulidae. It occurs in the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico in the United States.

Description
Saltmarsh topminnows have little color in life; there is cross-hatching on the back and sides that may be gray-green or fainter and 12 to 30 dark round spots are often arranged in rows along the midside of the body from above the pectoral fin to the base of the caudal fin.

Ecology
Saltmarsh topminnows live in estuaries, coastal salt marshes and back water sloughs including shallow tidal meanders of Spartina marshes. They are endemic to brackish water areas from Galveston Bay, Texas to Escambia Bay in the western panhandle of Florida.

Conservation
Habitat alteration, dredging, and marsh erosion are the most serious threats to the saltmarsh topminnow.

Conservation designations
IUCN: Vulnerable.

American Fisheries Society: Threatened in Florida, Vulnerable elsewhere.

Species of Greatest Conservation Need: FL, LA, MS.

Status reviews
In 2006 the Species of Concern Grant program  funded the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources for the study: “Fundulus jenkinsi, Saltmarsh Topminnow: Conservation Planning and Implementation”.

Species description and etymology
Fundulus jenkinsi was described in 1892 as Zygonectes jenkinsi by Barton Warren Evermann with the type locality given as Dickinson Bayou, near Galveston, Texas. The specific name honours the American physiologist Oliver Peebles Jenkins  (1850-1935) of Stanford University.

References

NMFS. Species of Concern Fact Sheet . 2008

Saltmarsh topminnow
Endemic fish of the United States
Fish of the Eastern United States
Fish of the Gulf of Mexico
Fauna of the Southeastern United States
Fish described in 1892
Taxa named by Barton Warren Evermann


Turks in Liechtenstein (; ) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated to Liechtenstein as well as the growing Liechtenstein-born community with full or partial Turkish origins. The majority of Liechtensteiner Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey; however, there has also been Turkish migration waves from other post-Ottoman countries, including ethnic Turkish communities which have come from the Balkans, the island of Cyprus, as well as from other parts of the Levant. In addition, there has been migration to Liechtenstein from the Turkish diaspora; for example, Turkish-Austrians, Turkish-Germans, and Turkish-Swiss people have arrived in Liechtenstein as Austrian, German, and Swiss citizens.

Population
Official data published by Liechtenstein only collects data on the country of birth and does not provide data on ethnicity. Consequently, the 609 people recorded as Turkish citizens in 2017 does not provide a true reflection of the total ethnic Turkish population. Firstly, the number of ethnic Turkish communities which have arrived in Liechtenstein from the Balkans, Cyprus, etc., as well as from the diaspora (e.g. Austria, Germany, and Switzerland), are recorded according to their citizenship, such as "Austrian", "Cypriot", "German", "Swiss" etc. rather than by their Turkish ethnicity. Secondly, official data does not take into account naturalised citizens or the growing Liechtenstein-born community of Turkish origin. In 2009 there was approximately 1,000 people of Turkish origin living in Liechtenstein. Approximately 3% of the country's total population was of Turkish origin in 2016.

Notable people
Cengiz Biçer, played for the Liechtenstein national football team (Turkish Swiss origin)
Burak Eris, plays for the Liechtenstein national football team (Turkish Swiss origin)
Olcay Gür, plays for the Liechtenstein national football team
Ridvan Kardesoglu, plays for the Liechtenstein national football team
 , karateka and kickboxer (Turkish Swiss origin)
 Ferhat Saglam, football player
Seyhan Yildiz, plays for the Liechtenstein national football team (Turkish Swiss origin)

See also
Demographics of Liechtenstein
Turks in Europe
Turks in Austria
Turks in Germany
Turks in Switzerland

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
Liechtenstein Türkbirligi
Liechtenstein Okul Aile Birligi

Ethnic groups in Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein

Muslim communities in Europe


The Dunlop International was a golf tournament held in Australia and played annually from 1965 to 1972. Prize money in 1965 was A£4,000, A$8,000 in 1966 in 1967, A$15,000 in 1968 and A$25,000 from 1969 to 1972. A few weeks after the conclusion of the 1972 tournament, sponsors Dunlop announced that it would no longer be held.

It was noted as having one of the best fields for an Australian tournament during its era. The 1967 event was expected to have defending U.S. Open champion Jack Nicklaus, Tony Jacklin, Bob Charles, and defending British Open champion Roberto De Vicenzo. It was reported by the Canberra Times that, "With all the top Australians as well, it will be a world-class field."

Winners

In 1966 Stanton won at the second hole of a sudden-death playoff. In 1969 Devlin won at the first extra hole.

References

Golf tournaments in Australia
Recurring sporting events established in 1965
Recurring events disestablished in 1972
1965 establishments in Australia
1972 disestablishments in Australia


Kisbey (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Brock No. 64 and Census Division No. 1. The village took its name from Richard Claude Kisbey (d. 1941), an Irish immigrant who settled in Estevan.

History
Kisbey incorporated as a village on May 8, 1907.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kisbey had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Kisbey recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Sports
The Arcola/Kisbey Combines of the senior men's Big 6 Hockey League play at the local ice rink.

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 Villages of Saskatchewan

References

External links

Villages in Saskatchewan
Division No. 1, Saskatchewan


Gurley is an unincorporated community in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States, on Louisiana Highway 963. Gurley is located ten miles from the state of Mississippi.

Education
Gurley is served by the East Feliciana Parish School Board headquartered in Clinton.

Historical significance
Gurley is the location of Oakland Plantation House, a site listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Unincorporated communities in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana


These are the official results of the Men's 20 km walk event at the 1994 European Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 29 participating athletes, with the race held on 8 August 1994.

Medalists

Final

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.

 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (3)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (3)
 (2)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (3)
 (2)
 (3)
 (1)

See also
 1990 Men's European Championships 20km Walk (Split)
 1991 Men's World Championships 20km Walk (Tokyo)
 1992 Men's Olympic 20km Walk (Barcelona)
 1993 Men's World Championships 20km Walk (Stuttgart)
 1995 Men's World Championships 20km Walk (Gothenburg)
 1996 Men's Olympic 20km Walk (Atlanta)
 1997 Men's World Championships 20km Walk (Athens)
 1998 Men's European Championships 20km Walk (Budapest)

References

 Results

Walk 20 km
Racewalking at the European Athletics Championships


No. 519 Squadron RAF was a meteorological squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

History
No. 519 Squadron was formed on 15 August 1943 at RAF Wick from 1406 Flight, equipped with Handley Page Hampdens and Supermarine Spitfires. Its purpose was collecting meteorological data from the northern waters of the North Sea all the way to Norway. It soon replaced the Hampdens with Lockheed Hudsons and Lockheed Venturas. The squadron base moved on a number of times along the east coast of Scotland but the squadron's role remained the same. In November 1944 the squadron started using the Boeing Fortress, which it operated to the end of the war. With the war over, the squadron standardised on the Halifax Mk.III, until it was disbanded at RAF Leuchars on 31 May 1946.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

See also
North Atlantic weather war
List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 History of No.'s 500–520 Squadrons at RAF Web
 History of No. 519 Squadron on raf.mod.uk

Aircraft squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
Meteorological organisations based in the United Kingdom
519
Military weather units and formations
Military units and formations established in 1943


The Yixun River () is a subsidiary of Luan He, a river located in Hebei, a province of the People's Republic of China.

History
Until the name was changed to Luan He during the Ming Dynasty, the original name of Yixun He was Suo Tou shu(索頭水).

Rivers of Hebei


The Diocese of Pescia () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany, about 41 miles (66 km) west of Florence. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa.

On 14 October 2023, with the appointment of Fausto Tardelli as bishop, the Diocese of Pescia was united with the Diocese of Pistoia in the person of a single bishop.

History

Provostship
As a favor to his Datary, Baldassare Turini, who was a cleric and notary of the diocese of Lucca, and Lorenzo de Cecchis, who was a Doctor in utroque iure and parish priest of the church of S. Maria Maggiore in Pescia, Pope Leo X, in the bull "Sacri Apostolatus" of 15 April 1519, withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius, and made it directly dependent upon the Holy See (Papacy). The territory was to become a Provostship, and De Cecchis was named the first Provost. A corporation of Canons. or Chapter, was established, with several dignities: the Provost, the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, the Dean, and the Primicerius. The territory of the new prelacy was to include all the churches in the Val di Nievole and the Valle Ariana. The Provost was assigned both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction (both of civil cases and criminal cases) in the Provostship.

On 23 September 1519, Leo X issued a second bull, "Inter Caetera", in which he authorized the Bishop of Pistoia, the Bishop of Forlì, and the Abbot of Vallombrosa, to perform the canonical investiture of the new Provost, Lorenzo de Cecchis. He also fixed the number of Canons of the collegiate church at twelve, and specified that the dignities were to be the Provost, the Archdeacon, the Rector of the church of S. Stefano in Pescia (who would have the title Prior), the Rector of Ss. Matteo e Colombano in Pietrobono (with the title of Archpriest), the Dean, the Treasurer, and the Primicerius.

Pope Leo X also granted to the provosts the right to use the vestments proper to a bishop, including mitre, staff, and cross, within the confines of their provostship. This was confirmed by Pope Urban VIII in the bull "Dilecti filii" of 25 February 1635, to which the pope added the right to wear the cappa magna and the mozzetta, also within the confines of his jurisdiction.

A synod was held in the Provostship on 25–27 April 1694 by the Provost, Msgr. Benedetto Falconcini (1694-1704). The acts of the synod were published.

Diocese
In a bull of 17 March 1726, Pescia was established as a diocese by Pope Benedict XIII, and made suffragan of (subordinate to) Pisa. The first bishop was, as was customary, the last Provost of the Collegiate Chapter, Paolo Antonio Pesenti, who had been in office since 1707. He was named Bishop-elect on 17 March 1727, but he died on 1 August 1728, before he was consecrated a bishop.

Santa Maria Maggiore, dedicated to the taking up of the body of the Virgin Mary into heaven (Assumption), is referred to in documents as early as 991. The original church of the parish of Pescia, S. Maria Maggiore, which had been elevated to the status of a collegiate church, needed to be replaced. An enlarged church on the same site as the old church, and incorporating some of its elements, was constructed at the end of the 17th century, to designs by the Florentine architect, Antonio Ferri. The campanile is of the 14th century, though its uppermost part is of the late 18th century.

In 1742, the cathedral Chapter was composed of seven dignities and twelve Canons. The city of Pescia had about 5,000 inhabitants.

In 1784, with the cooperation of Grand Duke Leopold I, the diocesan seminary was opened.

By 1833, the population of the entire diocese of Pescia had risen to a total of 49,890 persons.

Bishops of Pescia

Bartolomeo Pucci Franceschi (1728–1737)
Francesco Gaetano Incontri (1738–1741)
Donato Maria Arcangeli (1742–1772)
Francesco Vincenti (1773–1803)
Giulio Rossi (1804–1833)
Giovanni Battista Rossi (1834–1837)
Vincenzo Menchi (1839–1843)
Pietro Niccolò Forti (1847–1854)
Giovanni Antonio Benini (Bedini) (1855–1896)
Giulio Matteoli (1896–1898)
Donato Velluti Zati di San Clemente (1898–1907 Resigned)
Giulio Serafini (1907)
Angelo Simonetti (1907–1950)
Dino Luigi Romoli, O.P. (1951–1977 Retired)
Giovanni Bianchi (1977–1993 Retired)
Giovanni De Vivo (1993–2015 Died)
Roberto Filippini (2015–2023 Retired)
 Fausto Tardelli (2023 – present)

Notes

Notes and references

Books
 p. 762. (Use with caution; obsolete)

Studies

Pescia
Religious organizations established in the 1510s
Pescia
1519 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire


Joseph James Kurth (January 23, 1907 – January 6, 1987) was an American football tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Wisconsin and Notre Dame where he was named as an All-American in 1932.

Early life and college career
Kurth was born on January 23, 1907, in Waunakee, Wisconsin. He attended Madison East High School in Madison, Wisconsin.

He played college football for Wisconsin and Notre Dame. While at Notre Dame in 1932 he was named as an All-American.

Professional career
Following his All-American campaign in 1932 he signed with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). In two years with the team he played in twenty games and started twelve.

References
Joe Kurth's profile at NFL.com

1907 births
Year of death missing
All-American college football players
American football running backs
American football tackles
Green Bay Packers players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Players of American football from Madison, Wisconsin


Lionel George Bridges Justice Ford (3 September 1865 – 27  March 1932) was an Anglican priest who served as Dean of York after two headmasterships at notable English independent schools.

Biography
Ford was born in Paddington, London, the son of William Augustus Ford and Katherine Mary Justice. His father had played cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club ("MCC") and his brother Francis Ford played cricket for England. Ford's grandfather was George Samuel Ford, a well known bill discounter.

Ford was educated at Repton School and King's College, Cambridge, where he won the Chancellor's Classical Medal and was a member of the Pitt Club.  He became a school master at Eton, and was ordained a curate in the Anglican church in 1893. In 1898 and 1899 he played cricket for minor county Buckinghamshire.

Career
Ford became headmaster of Repton School in 1901 and in 1910 moved to Harrow, where he was headmaster until 1925.  in 1925 he became the dean at York, a post he was to hold until his death on Easter Sunday seven years later. His memorial is in the restored Zouche Chapel.

Personal life
Ford married in 1904 Mary Catherine Talbot, daughter of the education campaigner Lavinia Talbot and Edward Stuart Talbot, who was successively Bishop of Rochester, Southwark and Winchester. They had a daughter and six sons including:
Neville Ford (1906–2000), a notable cricketer for Derbyshire, who married Patricia Smiles, daughter of Ulster Unionist MP W. D. Smiles and Margaret Heighway, and great-niece of Mrs Beeton, in 1941
Edward Ford (1910–2006), a courtier in the Royal Household of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II, who married the widow Virginia Brand Polk, daughter of Robert Brand, 1st Baron Brand, in 1949.

Lionel Ford is the great grandfather of TV personality and chief Scout Bear Grylls.

References

External links
Portrait of Lionel Ford

1865 births
1932 deaths
People educated at Repton School
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Deans of York
20th-century English Anglican priests
English cricketers
Buckinghamshire cricketers
Head Masters of Harrow School
Headmasters of Repton School
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
People from Paddington
Teachers at Eton College


ISO 3166-2:NE is the entry for Niger in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Niger, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 urban community and 7 regions. The urban community Niamey is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Niger. The second part is a digit:
 1–7: regions
 8: urban community

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

See also
 Subdivisions of Niger
 FIPS region codes of Niger
 Neighbouring countries: BF, BJ, DZ, LY, ML, NG, TD

External links
 ISO Online Browsing Platform: NE
 Regions of Niger, Statoids.com

2:NE
ISO 3166-2
Niger geography-related lists


Wlodzimierz Zonn (14 July 1905, Vilnius – 28 February 1975) was a Polish astronomer. He studied at the University of Stefan Batory at Wilno, where he later worked as a professor.

From 1950, Zonn was director of Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw. For many years (1952 - 1955 and 1963 - 1973), he was President of the Polish Astronomical Society.

Awards and recognition

In 1954 he was awarded with Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.

Since 1983 the Polish Astronomical Society introduced the  for popular-science outreach activities.

References

1905 births
1975 deaths
Scientists from Vilnius
People from Vilensky Uyezd
20th-century Polish astronomers
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)


HMS Ipswich was a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Harwich on 19 April 1694.

She was rebuilt by Joseph Allin the younger at Portsmouth according to the 1719 Establishment, relaunching on 30 October 1730. In 1743 she was part of a small three-vessel squadron sent to the Bay of Ajaccio under Vice-Admiral Thomas Mathews to investigate reports that a single Spanish ship of the line was anchored there for repairs. On reaching the Bay the squadron, comprising Ipswich,  and the fireship , encountered and overwhelmed the 70-gun Spanish warship Isidoro. The Spanish vessel was set on fire by her crew to avoid her being captured, and sank in the bay.

Ipswich was hulked in 1757, and broken up in 1764.

Notes

References

 Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ellis, C. Hamilton (n.d.)"Ships: a Pictorial History from Noah's Ark to The U.S.S> United States". Peebles Press.

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships
Ships built in Harwich


WNYX may refer to:

 WNYX-LD, a low-power television station (channel 5, virtual 32) licensed to serve New York, New York
 WNYX, the fictional radio station (585 AM) setting for the television series NewsRadio
 WJZZ (FM), a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to serve Montgomery, New York, which held the call sign WNYX from 2009 to 2014


Roxy Ann Peak, also known as Roxy Ann Butte, is a  mountain in the Western Cascade Range at the eastern edge of Medford, Oregon. Composed of several geologic layers, the majority of the peak is of volcanic origin and dates to the early Oligocene epoch. It is primarily covered by oak savanna and open grassland on its lower slopes, and mixed coniferous forest on its upper slopes and summit, stopping short of the summit. Despite the peak's relatively small topographic prominence of , it rises  above Medford and is visible from most of the Rogue Valley. The mountain is Medford's most important viewshed, open space reserve, and recreational resource.

The area was originally inhabited beginning 8,000 to 10,000 years ago by ancestral Native Americans. The Latgawa Native American tribe was present in the early 1850s when the sudden influx of non-indigenous settlers resulted in the Rogue River Wars. After the wars, the Latgawa were forced away from the region onto reservations. The peak was named in August 1853 by emigrants arriving from Missouri via the Oregon Trail.  Roxy Ann Hutchinson Hughes Bowen was the (step)grandmother of the McKee-Bowen family.  Her step-daughter Maryum Bowen and Maryum's husband John McKee settled on, and filed a Donation Land Claim for, 320 acres on the SW flank of the butte (today's Hillcrest Orchards and Roxy Ann Vineyards).

In 1883, the city of Medford was established to the southwest of the mountain, and became incorporated two years later. After acquiring a large amount of land from the Lions Club and the federal government between 1930 and 1933, the city created the  Prescott Park in 1937. The park protects much of the upper slopes and summit of the peak and remains largely undeveloped. The peak's southern foothills have some quickly expanding single-family residential subdivisions.

Geology and soils
Roxy Ann Peak is part of the old and deeply eroded Western Cascades, along with nearby Pilot Rock, Grizzly Peak, and Baldy. It is composed of several distinct geologic layers. The oldest layer, the 35 to 50-million-year-old Payne Cliffs Formation, forms the base of the peak and consists of sedimentary sandstone, shale, and conglomerates. Most of the rest of the mountain is made up of 30 to 35-million-year-old volcanic basalt, breccias, and agglomerates, known as the Roxy Formation. These rocks are some of the oldest in the Cascades. At the summit, younger basalt dikes and intrusions K–Ar dated to 30.82 ± 2 million years ago form a relatively erosion-resistant cap, likely contributing to the peak's isolation and familiar conical shape. Much of the lower slopes of Roxy Ann are covered by a  layer of dense, sticky clay. Due to the clay's low shear strength, the soil is prone to creep, earthflows, and landslides. Several large subdivisions lie on top of these deposits, some of which are up to  thick. The upper slopes and peak have shallow dark brown gravelly loam of the McMullin soil series, while deeper gravelly loam soils on lower slopes are assigned to the Tablerock series. The surrounding clays are mapped as Heppsie or Carney series.

The peak stands  above sea level with a topographic prominence of , and rises  above the surrounding Rogue Valley. The unique rounded top, location, and height of the peak create a landmark distinguishable from as far away as Shady Cove,  to the north, and the Siskiyou Summit,  to the south.

History

Early history
Humans have lived in the vicinity of Roxy Ann Peak for the past 8,000 to 10,000 years. The first inhabitants were semi-nomadic, most likely living off edible bulbs and large mammals such as mastodons and giant bison. Within the last millennium, the region became home to the Latgawa Native American tribe, who called the peak Al-wiya. They probably used the mountain for gathering acorns and hunting black-tailed deer and small birds, animals which are still abundant there.

The first European Americans to visit the area were a group of fur trappers led by Peter Skene Ogden who traveled north through the Rogue Valley on February 14, 1827. The first non-indigenous settlers arrived a few decades later. The sudden increase in population created conflicts with the Latgawa, which ultimately led to the Rogue River Wars of 1855 and 1856. After the wars, the remaining Latgawa were forced hundreds of miles north to the Siletz Reservation on the central Oregon Coast.

Early settlers named the peak Skinner Butte, after Alonzo A. Skinner, the Rogue Valley Indian agent between 1851 and 1853. The current name of the mountain originates from one of its first residents, Roxy Ann Bowen. Two couples—Roxy Ann and her husband John McKee and Stephen and Mary Taylor—claimed almost the entire peak in 1853, and by the late 1850s, it came to be known as Roxy Ann Peak.

In October 1883, construction of the Oregon and California Railroad was begun through the center of the Rogue Valley, bypassing Jacksonville, the county seat. The railroad company also constructed a train depot halfway between Central Point and Phoenix, and platted 82 city blocks around it. The townsite was named Medford in December. In 1884, residents celebrated the town's first Independence Day by firing 38 cannon blasts—one for each U.S. state—from Roxy Ann Peak's summit. Medford grew quickly, and was incorporated on February 24, 1885.

Beginning in the early 1900s, the mountain's foothills were predominantly used for pear orchards and lignite mining. Mining ceased at the onset of World War I, and many of the orchards were abandoned during the Great Depression, but some still remain.

Prescott Park

In 1929, the Lions Club purchased two sizable portions of land on the peak, and deeded  to Medford for recreational use the following year. In 1931, the city acquired another  via the Recreation and Public Purposes Act, and  more in 1933. The park was dedicated in 1937 to George J. Prescott, a Lions Club leader and Medford police officer who was killed on duty on March 16, 1933.

Starting in 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) made the first improvements to Prescott Park, including constructing  of trails and a  access road (Roxy Ann Road), creating several picnic areas and overlooks, and digging drainage ditches. The CCC stopped work in 1942, soon after the beginning of World War II. Park maintenance ceased due to municipal budget problems, and gasoline rationing caused the number of visitors to drop markedly. By 1956, the CCC's improvements had suffered $110,000 in damage. The trend of disrepair continued for several decades.

During the late 1990s, the park experienced a surge in vandalism, littering, and wildfires caused by off-roading, and Roxy Ann Road became nearly impassable because of lack of maintenance. Medford police officers had to devote much of their time to patrolling the mountain, made difficult by the park's remote location. To alleviate these problems, the city regraded Roxy Ann Road in 1998, and installed two gates near the park entrance two years later. By 2006, vandalism had decreased by 70 percent.

At , Prescott Park is Medford's largest park, covering much of the upper slopes and summit of Roxy Ann. It is two and a half times larger than the city's other parks combined.

21st century

Prescott Park and Roxy Ann Peak's upper slopes remain relatively undeveloped, being outside of Medford's city limits and urban growth boundary. The summit of the peak is home to a  radio tower built in 2007; the new tower replaced three of four existing  towers. Roxy Ann Peak and nearby Baldy are the only two primary transmitter station sites in the Rogue Valley.

Residential development of the mountain's southern foothills has been on the rise for several years, primarily in the form of single-family residences. Construction costs have continued to rise as well, in part because of a bill passed in 2003. Oregon House Bill 3375 required that new construction on slopes of 20 percent or greater with unstable soil undergo increased regulation and an extended approval process. The bill doubled the cost of new foundations to around $20,000 to $30,000, and the cost of retrofitting an existing structure approached $100,000.

Roxy Ann Peak's southern foothills are also home to the RoxyAnn Winery, a Rogue Valley AVA winery founded in 2002. On the opposite side of the mountain is the first bioreactor landfill in Southern Oregon, the Dry Creek Landfill, which began a program in 2006 to generate power from collected methane.

On September 21, 2009, a wildfire broke out on Roxy Ann Peak's western slopes and consumed approximately . It left 25,000 residents without electricity, forced the evacuation of over 100 homes, and cost over $1.3 million to fight, but no structures were damaged.

Flora and fauna

Roxy Ann Peak's high biodiversity is due to its wide range of elevations and its location between the Cascade, Klamath, and Eastern Cascade ecoregions. The lower slopes of the peak support chaparral, oak savanna, and open grassland. Scattered California black oak, Oregon white oak, and Pacific madrone trees grow in these areas, as do sclerophyllous shrubs such as birchleaf mountain mahogany, sticky whiteleaf manzanita, buckbrush, antelope bitterbrush, and Pacific poison oak. Common grasses include blue wildrye and prairie Junegrass. Wildflowers including Southern Oregon buttercup, common yarrow, and Tolmie star-tulip also grow in these regions. At higher elevations, the vegetation transitions to mixed coniferous forest, dominated by Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, incense cedar, western juniper, and Pacific madrone trees. Shrubs such as common snowberry, bearbrush, greenleaf manzanita, sticky whiteleaf manzanita, deerbrush, and Pacific poison oak make up the understory of the forest, along with herbaceous plants such as creeping snowberry and Idaho fescue.

The peak is home to many species of birds, including blue-gray gnatcatchers, lazuli buntings, oak titmice, acorn woodpeckers, and California quail on the lower slopes, and mountain quail, mountain chickadees, and red-breasted nuthatches on the upper slopes. Wild turkeys and raptors such as Cooper's hawks, golden eagles, bald eagles, and prairie falcons are also common. A few species migrate to the peak in the winter, including ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and golden-crowned sparrows. Mammals that inhabit the mountain include black-tailed deer, cougars, bobcats, skunks, raccoons, coyotes, bears, weasels, and squirrels. A large herd of Roosevelt elk frequent the peak's western foothills. The herd swelled to over 100 individuals in the mid-2000s, causing traffic problems and severe damage to local pear orchards, but shrank to about 40 members by 2009 after an Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife relocation effort. Other common animals on the peak include western rattlesnakes and western blacklegged ticks.

Recreation

Roxy Ann Peak and Prescott Park serve as Medford's most important viewshed, open space reserve, and recreational resource. Popular recreational activities on the peak include picnicking and hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding on the  of designated trails in Prescott Park, which range in difficulty from moderate to steep. In August 2013, the city of Medford and the International Mountain Bicycling Association released a conceptual plan detailing future improvements to the park's trail system. The plan would add  of new multi-use trails throughout the park, improve existing trails and trail signage, and add a new trailhead on the mountain's western slope, at an estimated cost of between $360,000 and $720,000. If approved, construction on the first phase could begin by 2015.

A challenge course opened in Prescott Park in April 2012, operated by the Tigard-based company Synergo. The course has 15 elements—eight low and seven high—each formed by various combinations of ropes, wires, platforms, ladders, and swings. They range from  above the ground.

The peak and park can be accessed via Roxy Ann Road on the southern side of the mountain. There are two gates on the road; the first is near the base of the peak and is opened and closed on a set schedule, and the second is about one mile beyond it at the park boundary, and is closed to all unauthorized motor vehicles. One mile past the second gate, the road splits into a  loop around the summit. Tower Road begins on the north side of the loop and ascends to the summit of the peak. The peak offers expansive views of the surrounding landscape, including the Rogue Valley, Mount Ashland, Mount McLoughlin, Pilot Rock, the Crater Lake rim, and even Mount Thielsen,  to the north, and Mount Shasta,  to the south.

See also
Upper and Lower Table Rock

Notes and references
Notes

References

Bibliography
Books

News articles

Websites

Other

External links

Mountains of Jackson County, Oregon
Volcanoes of Oregon
Medford, Oregon
Civilian Conservation Corps in Oregon
Volcanoes of the United States


Nalva (from Sanskrit  ) is a measure of distance equal to 400 Hastas (Cubits). That is equal to 9600 Aṅgula, which is believed to be equal to approximately 180 metres.

Used in Mahābhārata.

Notes

Units of length
Obsolete units of measurement
History of science and technology in India
Mahabharata


The 2008 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team represented Wake Forest University during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was Wake Forest's 56th season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

The Demon Deacons were led by eighth-year head coach Jim Grobe. Wake Forest played its home games at BB&T Field. The Deacons began their season on August 28 at Baylor. A win in the 2007 Meineke Car Care Bowl against UConn gave the Deacons twenty wins over the last two seasons.

The team is finished 8–5 overall and 4–4 in ACC play, and beat Navy in the inaugural EagleBank Bowl on December 20.

Before the season

Roster changes
Quarterback Zach MacDowell enrolled Coastal Carolina University in January, and will play there starting in 2008.

Running back Lucas Caparelli was dismissed from the university after an off the field incident in January.

Recruiting
On National Signing Day, the Demon Deacons received letters of intent from 17 players.
 Andrew Parker TE 6–5 225 Jacksonville, Florida Bartram Trail
 Terence Davis WR 6–1 180 Lilburn, Georgia Brookwood
 Gabe Irby OL 6–3 315 Mt. Airy, Georgia Habersham Central
 Ted Stachitas QB 6–3 185 Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida Nease
 Derricus Ellis DE 6–2 225 Rome, Georgia Darlington School
 Joey Ehrmann LB 6–4 210 Baltimore, Maryland Gilman
 Ramon Booi DL 6–6 330 Jacksonville, Florida Nease
 Scott Betros LB 6–1 220 Jacksonville, Florida Bolles School
 Riley Haynes LB 6–1 225 Jacksonville, Florida Nease
 Kevin Smith DE 6–4 210 Plano, Texas East
 Lovell Jackson RB 5–10 170 Tampa, Florida Plant
 Garrick Williams OL 6–4 314 Columbia, Missouri Rock Bridge
 J.T. Dixon TE 6–4 230 Chandler, Arizona Hargrave Military
 Chance Raines OL 6–2 270 Jacksonville, Florida Bolles School
 Joe Looney OL 6–3 315 Lake Worth, Florida Lake Worth
 Kenny Okoro CB 6–0 185 Greensboro, North Carolina Dudley
 Chris Givens RB 6–0 200 Wylie, Texas Wylie

Schedule

Roster

Coaching staff
After the 2007 season, The Deacons had two assistant coaches accept other coaching positions. Defensive Coordinator Dean Hood accepted the head coaching job at Eastern Kentucky. Quarterbacks coach Jeff Mullen left the Deacons to assume the Offensive coordinator position at West Virginia.

Game summaries

@ Baylor

In front of a national television audience, Riley Skinner threw for three touchdowns, including two to Chip Brinkman. Josh Adams and Brandon Pendergrass added touchdown runs in a lopsided 41–13 scoreline. Alphonso Smith and Alex Frye notched interceptions for the Deacons, who won their first ever game in the state of Texas.

Ole Miss

Sam Swank's 42 yd FG with three seconds remaining gave Wake Forest a thrilling 30–28 win over Ole Miss. In a game with several lead changes, Ole Miss took the lead with just over one minute remaining in the fourth quarter. Wake quarterback Riley Skinner led the Deacons down the field in 53 seconds to set up Swank's game-winning field goal.

@ Florida State

In a game that featured no touchdowns, Sam Swank made four field goals to lead the Demon Deacons to a 12–3 win in Tallahassee. The win was the Deacons' second consecutive win in Tallahassee, and the third straight overall over the Seminoles. The Wake Forest defense was stout, allowing Florida State under 250 yards of offense, and forcing seven turnovers, including five interceptions.

Navy

Eric Kettani ran for a career-high 175 yards and backup quarterback Jarod Bryant scored the decisive touchdown in the fourth quarter, as Navy came into Winston-Salem and upset Wake Forest 24–17.

Clemson

Riley Skinner's 7-yard touchdown pass to DJ Boldin with 5:28 to go gave the Deacons a 12–7 win against Clemson. In a defensive battle, the Deacons' defense managed to hold Clemson to less than one yard per carry. Wake Forest dominated the game statistically but were unable to capitalize on several scoring chances. The sole turnover in the game was a Cullen Harper pass intercepted by Alphonso Smith, who tied a school record with his 17th career interception. Riley Skinner also threw for 186 yards and a touchdown on 22-of-34 passing, and also added 73 yards on the ground.

@ Maryland

Chris Turner completed 28-of-41 passes for 321 yards and a touchdown, and Maryland knocked off another top-25 team with a 26–0 thumping of No. 21 Wake Forest.

@ Miami

Wake Forest was not able to maintain a halftime lead in falling against Miami. The Deacons were unable to mount much offense in the second half, and a Robert Marve QB sneak in the third quarter ended up being the game-winner. Fullback Mike Rinfrette scored the lone Deacons touchdown on a one-yard run on Wake's first offensive series.

Duke

In a back and forth affair, Wake Forest held off Duke 33–30 in an overtime battle. Alphonso Smith blocked a punt for a safety and had two interceptions for the Deacons, including one in overtime to end the game. Riley Skinner had a touchdown pass to DJ Boldin, and also scored on a quarterback sneak. The Blue Devils had their chance to win at the end of regulation, but missed a 42-yard field goal that would have won it. Aaron Curry led the Deacons with 16 tackles.

Virginia

On homecoming weekend in Winston-Salem, the Demon Deacons dazzled fans en route to a 28–3 halftime advantage. Riley Skinner threw two touchdown passes in the first half, including a 58-yard strike to Devon Brown. Kevin Patterson gave the Wake defense their first touchdown of the season, as e brought back a UVA pass for a 53-yard touchdown. Wake Forest turned more conservative in the second half, and allowed UVA to pick up a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns, but the lead was safe, and the Deacons claimed bowl eligibility for the third consecutive season.

@ NC State

Russell Wilson threw the game-winning touchdown to Anthony Hill will ten minutes remaining, and NC State held off Wake Forest 21–17 in Raleigh. DJ Boldin had a hand in both Wake touchdowns, throwing a pass to Marshall Williams for a 64-yard touchdown, and catching a 7 yarder of his own. Williams had his first career 100 yard receiving day, grabbing 7 balls for 116 yards.

Boston College

Backup quarterback Dominique Davis scored on a one-yard quarterback sneak in the final minutes to send Wake Forest to their second straight close defeat. In a defensive battle, the Demon Deacon defense scored two touchdowns, and a punt block set up the third. Kevin Patterson and Kyle Wilbur returned fumbles for touchdowns, and Rich Belton caught a 1-yard touchdown pass from Riley Skinner. This game also saw the return of kicker Sam Swank, who missed several weeks with injury.

Vanderbilt

Three different Deacons ran for touchdowns as Wake held off Vanderbilt 23–10 in each team's regular season finale. Brandon Pendergrass, Kevin Harris, and Rich Belton got in the endzone, and Alphonso Smith tied the ACC record for career interceptions. The win guaranteed Wake Forest their third consecutive winning season.

Vs. Navy–EagleBank Bowl

Wake Forest scored 29 points in the last 31 minutes of action to win the inaugural EagleBank Bowl, and took revenge on Navy for a regular season defeat. Josh Adams got in the end zone twice for Wake Forest, who also got touchdowns from Ben Wooster and Rich Belton. Alphonso Smith intercepted a second quarter pass to break Dre Bly's ACC record for career interceptions. The Deacons outrushed the potent Navy option attack, led by a career-high 136 yards from Kevin Harris, and Riley Skinner set a FBS bowl record by completing eleven passes without an incompletion.

Postseason

Conference
 All-ACC First Team
DJ Boldin (WR)
Aaron Curry (LB)
Alphonso Smith (CB)
 All-ACC Honorable Mention
Boo Robinson (DE)
Riley Skinner (QB)

National
 Aaron Curry (LB)- 2008 Butkus Award Winner, 2nd Team AP All-American, 2nd Team Sporting News All-American, 2nd Team Rivals.com All-American
 Alphonso Smith (CB)- 1st Team AP All-American, 2nd Team Sporting News All-American, 2nd Team Rivals.com All-American

Roster changes

Rankings

Scores by quarter

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Military Bowl champion seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


is a Japanese manufacturer of components for automobiles, electronics, and telecommunications industries. It also sells printing equipment, power tools, and builders' hardware.  Ryobi Power Tools and Ryobi Outdoor Power Equipment are brands of Techtronic Industries, used under license from Ryobi Limited.

History
The Ryobi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., was founded in Japan in 1943 and began selling die-cast products in 1944. In 1961, the company began manufacturing offset printing presses and was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Ryobi began production of power tools in 1968. The company's name changed in 1973 to Ryobi, Ltd.

Ryobi operates 12 manufacturing facilities across six countries.  In 1985, Ryobi launched production in Shelbyville, Indiana, its only manufacturing location in the United States. Ryobi signed an official partnership deal with German football team Hertha Berlin in 2014. In 1991, Ryobi launched production in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland.

U.S. operations
Ryobi Die Casting (USA), Inc., is a Shelbyville, Indiana, manufacturer of products for the automobile industry.

Ryobi Finance Corp. is a financial-operations company of the Ryobi Group located in Chicago, Illinois.

References

External links

 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Japan
Printing press manufacturers
Power tool manufacturers
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Companies based in Hiroshima Prefecture
Japanese companies established in 1943
Manufacturing companies established in 1943
Japanese brands
The Home Depot
Multinational companies headquartered in Japan
Tool manufacturing companies of Japan


HGH stands for human growth hormone.

HGH may also refer to:
 Atlantic Air Lift, a French airline
 Hamilton General Hospital, in Ontario, Canada
 Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, in Zhejiang Province, China
 Telegram code for Hangzhou East Railway Station
 Mercury(I) hydride (HgH)
 High Street railway station, New South Wales, Australia
 Helmholtz-Gymnasium Heidelberg, a German secondary school


The historic Round Hill hotel and villa resort near Montego Bay in Hopewell, Hanover, Jamaica opened in 1952. It is located on a  peninsula and has entertained many celebrities and politicians including  John F. Kennedy, Ralph Lauren, Paul Newman and Bob Hope. Ian Fleming was a frequent guest at Round Hill during his time in Jamaica.

History
Round Hill was conceived by John Pringle as a private haven for celebrities. Twenty-nine acres of the estate's land were set aside for the resort. Investors supplied money to build a hotel, and built their own cottages on the site.  Shareholders have included Noël Coward, Adele Astaire, Bill Paley, Oscar Hammerstein, and Clive Brook.

Round Hill has been host to the Sugar Cane Carnival, a fundraising event for a Jamaican charity, for over 50 years.

In popular culture

Scenes from the American movie How Stella Got Her Groove Back were filmed in Cottage 11.

A collection of Jonathan Routh paintings is on display throughout the property. Jonathan stayed at Round Hill frequently and painted scenes depicting Round Hill.

Scenes from In Like Flint starring James Coburn were filmed at the hotel in the summer of 1966.

Round Hill was featured on the finale of The Amazing Race 7 with the final three teams finishing the first half of the episode at Villa 16.

See also
 List of hotels in Jamaica

References

External links
Round Hill Hotels and Villas Resort

Resorts in Jamaica
Buildings and structures in Hanover Parish
Tourist attractions in Hanover Parish
Hotel buildings completed in 1952
Hotels in Jamaica


We Will Meet Again is an album by jazz pianist Bill Evans made for Warner Bros. Records in 1979. It is notable in that it is Evans's last studio recording.

After the suicide of Bill Evans' older brother, Harry, earlier in 1979, Bill made this album with his brother in mind, "We Will Meet Again" is addressed to Harry.

Just after Harry's suicide, Bill Evans started a relationship with a Canadian waitress named Laurie Verchomin, the track "Laurie" is named after her. Laurie eventually took care of Bill Evans until his death, she was the last person he saw before he died.

Reception
At the Grammy Awards of 1981, I Will Say Goodbye won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo and We Will Meet Again won the Best Instrumental Jazz Performance, Group awards.

The Allmusic review awarded the album 4 stars.

Track listing
All tracks by Bill Evans except where noted.

 "Comrade Conrad" – 10:05
 "Laurie" – 8:20
 "Bill's Hit Tune" – 10:49
 "For All We Know (We May Never Meet Again)" (J. Fred Coots, Sam M. Lewis) – 3:37
 "Five" – 9:10
 "Only Child" – 10:47
 "Peri's Scope" – 6:11
 "We Will Meet Again" – 2:34

Personnel
Credits adapted from AllMusic.
Bill Evans – acoustic piano, electric piano
Tom Harrell – trumpet
Marc Johnson – bass
Joe LaBarbera – drums
Larry Schneider – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, alto flute

Production
Helen Keane – producer
Frank Laico – engineer, mixing
Aram Gesar – photography
Stew Romaine – mastering
Chris Callis – photography
Lee Herschberg – digital mastering (CD reissue)

Charts

Discography

References

External links
The Bill Evans Memorial Library

Bill Evans albums
1979 albums
Warner Records albums
Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album
Albums recorded at CBS 30th Street Studio


Albert Gervais (August 7, 1922 – March 19, 1989) was a politician in Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Background

He was born in Saint-Casimir, Quebec in the Greater Quebec City Area on August 7, 1922.

Political career

Gervais successfully ran as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1962 election in the provincial district of Montmorency.  He did not run for re-election in the 1966 election.

Death

He died on March 19, 1989.

References

1922 births
1989 deaths
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs


Park View Education Centre is a Canadian public secondary school located in the town of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. It is operated by the South Shore Regional School Board (SSRSB).

Park View Education Centre has been an International Baccalaureate World School since June 1980, optionally offering the IB Diploma Programme. IB courses available at the school include Visual Arts SL, Biology SL, Chemistry HL, Economics SL, English A1 HL, French B HL, French B SL, History HL, History SL, Mathematics SL, Music SL, Physics HL, Physics SL and Theory of Knowledge.

Park View Education Centre also offers the Options and Opportunities (O2) Program, this program helps students get ready to jump into the workforce and also helps students get into Nova Scotia Community College and helps them get prepared for everyday work duties.

External links
School's website
School's IB information

Bridgewater, Nova Scotia
High schools in Nova Scotia
International Baccalaureate schools in Nova Scotia
Schools in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia


Magnolia Plantation is a former cotton plantation in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001, significant as one of the most intact 19th-century plantation complexes in the nation, as it is complete with a suite of slave cabins and numerous outbuildings and period technology.  Included in the Cane River Creole National Historical Park, Magnolia Plantation is also a destination on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It is one of two plantations in the park; the other is Oakland Plantation.

History
This plantation can be traced to Jean Baptiste LeComte II, who received French and Spanish land grants in the mid-18th century.  This began the plantation's recorded history. But the first structures were not built until the 19th century, and the plantation was not operating until 1830.  Ambrose LeComte, son of Jean Baptiste, married Julia Buard.  They began a tradition of community and cultivation on a vast piece of property.  Two of their daughters, Laura and Ursula Atala, married two sons from the Hertzog family: Bernard Theophile Henry and Matthew Hertzog, respectively. Atala (LeComte) and Matthew Hertzog took over the plantation shortly after their marriage in 1852, thus linking the Hertzog name to Magnolia. "By 1860, Ambrose II owned multiple properties of over 6,000 acres. Cotton and other crops were cultivated and harvested by 275 enslaved persons housed in 70 cabins."

Magnolia Plantation is exceptional because of the surviving farming technology, such as the cotton picker tractors and two cotton gins (both steam- and animal-powered). It has 21 buildings that contribute to the significance of the site, an unusually high number for surviving plantations. Among these are the eight brick cabins of the original slave quarters, which contained 70 cabins for the numerous slaves. After the American Civil War, these cabins were used by freedmen, black sharecroppers whose families lived and worked on the plantation for 100 more years. With mechanization replacing workers, the number of cabins maintained gradually declined.

The plantation was also exceptional for its influence in the community and the Cane River area. The Hertzogs had to rebuild the plantation house and other buildings damaged in the Civil War. But for 100 years after the war, "the Hertzogs," as the place was familiarly known, served as the center of a larger community of blacks and Creoles of color who also lived and worked on the plantation. The blacks were mostly Protestants, whereas the Creoles of color were Catholic and mostly leased land as tenant farmers. They all felt they had a stake, along with the Hertzogs, in maintaining the productivity of the land. By the mid-20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for workers and many people left for urban jobs.

Sabin Gianelloni, Jr. purchased some part of Magnolia Plantation in August or September 1951 from Hertzog descendants and held it for a time. But Hertzog descendants continued to own and live in the main house until 2000; the last was Betty Hertzog, who lived most of her life in the house. The official group, Descendants of Ambrose John Hertzog and Sarah Jane Hunt Hertzog, took over after she decided to leave the house. It manages the house and agricultural farmland.

Today

The park portion of the plantation is owned by the National Park Service. The main house and the farming acreage is owned by the Descendants of Ambrose John Hertzog and Sarah Jane Hunter Hertzog.  The Park Service has acquired 16 buildings, including the Plantation Store, the cotton gin, the Overseer's House (or Slave Hospital); blacksmith shop and the brick quarters. It continues to improve their condition to preserve them for future generations. On December 29, 2022, the main house and surrounding grounds were added to the national historical park's authorized boundary.

The Cane River Creole National Historical Park is located at 5487 Louisiana Highway 119. The closest town is Derry, Louisiana. The park is open from Mondays to Fridays, from 8 am to 4:30 pm.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places listings in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana

References

Further reading

External links

Cane River Creole National Historical Park
Cane River National Heritage Area, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
 Muriel (Miki) Crespi, "A Brief Ethnography of Magnolia Plantation", National Park Service

Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
Plantation houses in Louisiana
Houses in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Historic house museums in Louisiana
Museums in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Cane River National Heritage Area
Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
Houses completed in 1840
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Antebellum architecture
National Register of Historic Places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Cotton plantations in Louisiana


The ancient Egyptian official Harwa was the Chief steward of the God's Wife of Amun, Amenirdis I, during the 25th Dynasty.

His tomb, TT37, is located in El-Assasif, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the West Bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. The tomb was excavated by the Italian Archaeological Mission to Luxor, under the leadership of Francesco Tiradritti. They started the work in 1995.

References

People of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Ancient Egyptian high stewards