The county constituency of Herefordshire, in the West Midlands of England bordering on Wales, was abolished when the county was divided for parliamentary purposes in 1885. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885.

The undivided county was represented from 1290 by two Knights of the Shire until 1832 and three thereafter. After the county was split two new county constituencies were created, the North division or Leominster and the South division or Ross.

Boundaries
The constituency consisted of the historic county of Herefordshire. Although Herefordshire contained a number of parliamentary boroughs, each of which elected one or two MPs in its own right for parts of the period when Herefordshire was a constituency, these areas were not excluded from the county constituency. Owning freehold property of the required value, within such boroughs, could confer a vote at the county election. From 1832 only non-resident owners of forty-shilling freeholds, situated in borough seats, could qualify for a county vote on the basis of that property.

Members of Parliament

1290–1604

Constituency created (1290)

1604–1832
As there were sometimes significant gaps between Parliaments, the dates of first assembly and dissolution are given for those up to 1640. Where the name of the member has not yet been ascertained or is not recorded in a surviving document, the entry unknown is entered in the table.

1832–1885

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1850s
Bailey's death caused a by-election.

Booker-Blakemore's death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Elections in the 1870s

Elections in the 1880s

See also
List of former United Kingdom Parliament constituencies
Unreformed House of Commons

References
Notes

Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
 The House of Commons 1690–1715, by Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley and D.W. Hayton (Cambridge University Press 2002)
 The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973))
Calendar of Close Rolls, Richard II, Volume 1, by H.C. Maxwell Lyte (editor). (London: 1914). British History Online , 16 November 1378, 27 May 1379, 25 Feb 1382, 22 May 1382, and 26 November 1383.
Calendar of Fine Rolls, Henry VI, Volume 16, 1430–1437. (London:1936). Page 281, 3 January 1436 (membrane 11)
Calendar of Fine Rolls, Henry VI, Volume 17, 1437–1445. (London: 1936). Page 148, 24 April 1440 (membrane 12)

Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1290
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885
Parliamentary constituencies in Herefordshire (historic)


Ernest L. Fortin, A.A. (December 17, 1923 – October 22, 2002) was a professor of theology at Boston College. While engaged in graduate studies in France, he met Allan Bloom, who introduced him to the work of Leo Strauss. Father Fortin worked at the intersection of Athens and Jerusalem.

Early life
Fortin was born to a French-Canadian mother and an American father of French-Canadian stock. He was raised in Woonsocket, Rhode Island.

He attended Assumption College and Laval University, graduating from Assumption College in 1946. He had joined the Augustinians of the Assumption in 1944, and following graduation he attended the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome for his theological education. He received his licentiate in 1950.

Following theological studies and ordination, he went to Paris, where he met Bloom. As he said in the Foley interview:It was a class on Plato taught by a Dominican very well known in those days named Festugiere. It was a lousy course, quite frankly. Bloom sat next to me on my left and would make little comments to me on the text, comments which I found more interesting than Festugiere's. Those teachers, outstanding as their reputation may have been, were no great shakes.
At first I was a little bit shocked by Bloom's remarks. I had an innate reverence for famous people, and these were extremely well-known scholars, and it offended me to hear these things said about them.

He received his doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1955 and his dissertation was published (in 1959) under the title Christianisme et culture philosophique au cinquième siècle: la querelle de l'âme humaine en Occident.

Professional affiliations
He returned to Assumption College to teach. Between 1959 and 1964, he was also its tennis coach. In 1962, he visited Chicago and worked with Leo Strauss for almost one year. In 1971, he moved to the department at Boston College, where he soon helped to found the Perspectives Program.

In 1997, he suffered a stroke and retired from active teaching.

Fortin's personal library can be found at the Emmanuel d'Alzon Library at Assumption College. In 2006 Assumption College renamed its Foundations program "the Fortin and Gonthier Foundations of Western Civilization Program" in honor of Fr. Fortin and his Assumption colleague, Fr. Denys Gonthier.

Shortly before his death in 2002, he received the festschrift in his honor. On October 22, 2002, he sat up in bed, said "I see something beautiful," and died shortly thereafter.

Scholarship
Fortin's work in the realm of political philosophy takes place in two camps.

In one camp, he examines and wrestles with political philosophy as done within the Christian tradition. Here, he contrasts Christianity with both Judaism and Islam, for whom revelation provided a law that would provide the basis for political life.If Augustine can be said to have any concerns for politics at all, it is not for its own sake but because of the moral problems that it poses for Christians who, as citizens, are willy-nilly caught up in it. These problems have their common root in the nature of Christianity itself, which is essentially a nonpolitical religion. Unlike Judaism and Islam, the two other great monotheistic religions of the West, it does not call for the formation of a separate community or provide a code of laws by which that community might be governed. It takes it for granted that its followers will continue to live as full-fledged citizens of the political society to which they belong and share its way of life as long as they are not forced to indulge in practices that are directly at odds with their basic beliefs, as were, for example, idolatry and emperor worship.

In the second camp he examines political philosophy in itself. In the foreword that he wrote to the first volume of his collected essays, Fortin wrote:Political philosophy is that part of the philosophical enterprise in which philosophy comes to its own defense and, instead of taking itself for granted, makes a concerted effort to justify itself before the tribunal of the city. By situating itself within the context of human life as a whole, it discloses the full range of human possibilities and thus reveals human beings to themselves as no other science is capable of doing. In it, philosophy, politics, and theology come together to thresh out all of the fundamental problems of human life.

His work in those camps covers the history of the west, but makes significant contributions in three periods. The first period is the encounter of Christian faith with the philosophical tradition of pagan Greece and Rome. Fortin was an accomplished patristics scholar, who wrote extensively on St. Augustine. The second period is the medieval period. Fortin made particular contributions with his study of Dante. He also held the Straussian position that the doctrine of natural human rights was a distinctively modern idea, and did not have backing in classical or medieval thought. This set him against the camp that taught that the idea of natural human rights had medieval roots, most associated with the Cornell medievalist Brian Tierney and his students. Finally, the third period in which he made significant contribution was his perceptive reading, commentary and more-or-less blunt criticism of the 20th century social teaching of the Catholic Church. Here, particularly with respect to the statements of American Catholic bishops, he questioned the degree to which their statements were in conformity with the classical Christian heritage.

Selected works by Father Fortin
 Dissent and Philosophy in the Middle Ages: Dante and His Precursors (Lexington 2002).
 With Ralph Lerner and Muhsin Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy: A Sourcebook (Cornell 1972).
 Thomas Aquinas as a Political Thinker, Perspectives on Political Science (March 1997).
 Father Fortin also wrote the Introduction to the edition of Augustine: Political Writings, translated by Michael W. Tkacz and Douglas Kries (Hackett 1993).
 From Rerum Novarum to Centesimus Annus: Continuity or Discontinuity?, Faith & Reason (Winter 1991).
 Reflections on the Proper Way to Read Augustine the Theologian, Augustinian Studies, Vol. 2 (1971) (review of E. TeSelle, Augustine the Theologian (Herder & Herder 1970)).
 The Patristic Sense of Community, Augustinian Studies, Vol. 4 (1973) (review of Jeremy Duquesnoy, The Populus of Augustine and Jerome: A Study in the Patristic Sense of Community (Yale 1971)).

A number of his essays were collected in a three-volume set published by Rowman & Littlefield in 1996.
 J. Brian Benestad, ed., The Birth of Philosophic Christianity: Studies in Early Christian and Medieval Thought (Rowman & Littlefield).
 J. Brian Benestad, ed., Classical Christianity and the Political Order: Reflections on the Theologico-Political Problem (Rowman & Littlefield).
 J. Brian Benestad, ed., Human Rights, Virtue, and the Common Good: Untimely Meditations on Religion and Politics (Rowman & Littlefield).
 The project was completed in 2007, when volume 4 was published. Michael P. Foley, ed., Ever Ancient, Ever New: Ruminations on the City, the Soul, and the Church (Rowman & Littlefield).

A complete bibliography is found in Ever Ancient, Ever New, at 329-42. Another bibliography can be found on the relevant pages of Leo Strauss and His Legacy: A Bibliography, edited by John A. Murley.

Selected works about Father Fortin
 Michael P. Foley and Douglas Kries, eds., Gladly to Learn and Gladly to Teach: Essays on Religion and Political Philosophy in Honor of Ernest L. Fortin, A.A. (Lexington 2002).
 Walter J. Nicgorski, Ernest Fortin's Teaching for Catholics (September 6, 2002).
 Douglas Kries, What Does Ernest Fortin Have to Say to Political Philosophers? (August 26, 2002) (abstract).
 Vincent Phillip Muñoz, Rethinking the Foundations of Religious Freedom (August 26, 2002).
 Glenn Tinder, The Moral Amnesia of Modernity: The Scholarship of Ernest Fortin, The Review of Politics, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Spring 1998).
 Patrick G.D. Riley, Ernest Fortin: Collected Essays, First Things (December 1997).
 Werner J. Dannhauser, Faith and Reason: Father Ernest Fortin, 1923-2002, The Weekly Standard (November 4, 2002).
 Fortin's death was briefly noted in Richard John Neuhaus, The Public Square, First Things (January 2003).
 Walter Nicgorski, In Memoriam: Ernest L. Fortin, A.A., The Review of Politics, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Autumn 2002).
 Reid Oslin, Final Tribute for a Scholar, The Boston College Chronicle (October 31, 2002).
 Harvey C. Mansfield, The Christian Socrates, Claremont Review of Books (Fall 2003).
 Rev. Dennis Gallagher, A.A., Fr. Ernest: A Man to Be Reckoned With, Assumption Magazine (Winter 2003).

Other references
http://contemporarythinkers.org/ernest-fortin/

Endnotes

1923 births
2002 deaths
American political philosophers
American theologians
University of Paris alumni
Assumptionists
People from Woonsocket, Rhode Island
American people of French-Canadian descent
Boston College faculty
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni
Assumption University (Worcester) alumni
Catholics from Rhode Island
Université Laval alumni
20th-century American Roman Catholic priests
American expatriates in Italy
American expatriates in France


was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period who was a retainer of the Akechi clan.

Samurai
1562 births
1626 deaths


Babella is a genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini (sensu taxonomy by Bouchet & Roctroi, 2005).

Description
The shell shows strong axial ribs between the sutures and three spiral keels, two of which are at the periphery, which falls in the deep sulcus between them, and one a little anterior to the middle of the base.

Distribution
The genus seems to be limited to tropical and temperate regions of the Pacific Ocean.

Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are ectoparasites.

Species
There are twelve known species within the genus Babella, these include:
 Babella affectuosa (Yokoyama, 1927)
 Babella caelatior (Dall & Bartsch, 1906) - synonym: Babella caelata (A. Adams, 1864)
 Babella caledonica Peñas & Rolán, 2017
 Babella ceciriana (Saurin, 1958)
 Babella claudoni (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1907)
 Babella crassicostata (Saurin, 1958)
 Babella cylindrica (Saurin, 1958)
 Babella funiculata (Saurin, 1961)
 Babella gloria (Nomura, S., 1938)
 Babella glycisma (Melvill, 1899)
 Babella hastula (Saurin, 1961)
 Babella khmeriana (Saurin, 1962)
 Babella mariellaeformis (Nomura, 1938)
 Babella obliquissima (Saurin, 1959)
 Babella pallida Peñas & Rolán, 2017
 Babella planispiralis Peñas & Rolán, 2017
 Babella prominens Peñas & Rolán, 2017
 Babella ventricosa (Saurin, 1958)
 Babella yabei yabei Nomura 1936
 Babella yabei perarellia Nomura 1938
Species brought into synonymy
 Babella bartschi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906): synonym of Egilina callista (Melvill, 1893)
 Babella caelata (A. Adams, 1863): synonym of Babella caelatior (Dall & Bartsch, 1906)

References

 Peñas A. & Rolán E. (2017). Deep water Pyramidelloidea from the central and South Pacific. The tribe Chrysallidini. ECIMAT (Estación de Ciencias Mariñas de Toralla) - Universidade de Vigo, 412 pp

External links
 Dall W.H. & Bartsch P. (1906). Notes on Japanese, Indo-Pacific and American Pyramidellidae. United States National Museum, Proceedings. 30(1452): 321-369, pls 17-26
 Gastropods.com: Babella; retrieved: 26 December 2011

Pyramidellidae
Taxa named by William Healey Dall
Taxa named by Paul Bartsch


Lucille Love, Girl of Mystery is a 1914 American action film serial directed by Francis Ford. It was the first serial by Universal. It was originally intended to be a short subject. The serial is now considered to be lost with only four episodes surviving. Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978. The head of the Universal City Zoo, animal trainer Doc Kirby, was mauled by a lion during production and died shortly thereafter from a septic infection of the wound.

Cast
 Grace Cunard as Lucille Love
 Francis Ford as Loubeque / Hugo
 Harry Schumm as Lieutenant Gibson
 Ernest Shields as Thompson
 Edgar Keller as Sumpter Love (as E.M. Keller)
 Eddie Boland as Government Aviator
 Wilbur Higby
 Burton Law
 Jean Hathaway
 William White  (as Billy White)
 Harry L. Rattenberry
 John Ford  (as Jack Ford)

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1914 films
1914 lost films
1910s action films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures film serials
Films directed by Francis Ford
Lost American action films
Silent American action films
Films with screenplays by Grace Cunard
1910s American films


Neuhaus in der Wart (formerly Krobotdorf or Kroatdorf, ,  ) is a Katastralgemeinde of the municipality Mischendorf in southern Burgenland, Austria. It is part of the district Oberwart.

Data
Population: 243 (2001)
Altitude: 265 m above sea level.
Postal Code: 7503
Vehicle Registration: OW

Neuhaus in der Wart was founded as a Croatian village in the sixteenth century, the time the first settlers arrived. According to tradition, the settlers came from a farmstead between Kirchfidisch and Deutsch Schützen-Eisenberg. The original name was Dobrava from which the Hungarian names Dobra and Őridobra were derived.  The German name Neuhaus came from the subsequent German settlers. According to an 1852 document, the school was made of wood, it was rebuilt in 1870.

After the canonical visitation in 1760, a chapel and a nearby bell tower were built in 1836, dedicated to St. Anthony. Mayor Ferdinand Obojkovics ordered a new church built in the mid-1900s. In the course of a local government reform, the former communities Mischendorf, Kotezicken, Kleinbachselten, Großbachselten, Rohrbach an der Teich and Neuhaus were merged to the present municipality of Mischendorf.

Cities and towns in Oberwart District


ENIT or Enit may refer to:

 Anit, an Egyptian goddess
 ENIT, Ente Nazionale Italiano per il Turismo, the Italian national tourist board
 École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tarbes, a French engineering university
 Enit Festival, a one-night electronic music festival created by Perry Farrell in 1995


Pierre-Auguste Lafleur (March 3, 1872 – December 14, 1954) was a Canadian politician and a five-term Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Background

He was born in Sainte-Adèle, Laurentides on March 3, 1872 and made career in the furniture industry. He married Jennie Veitch in Verdun, Quebec in 1918.

City Councillor

He served as a city councillor from 1921 to 1933 in Verdun.

Member of the legislature

Lafleur ran as a Conservative candidate in the provincial district of Montréal-Verdun in the 1923 election and won.  He was re-elected in the 1927, 1931 and 1935 elections.

He joined Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and was re-elected in the 1936 election.

He was defeated in the 1939, 1944 and 1948 elections.

Death

He died on December 14, 1954 in Verdun.

References

1872 births
1954 deaths
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs


Kim Won-il (born January 3, 1982) is a South Korean boxer best known for winning the gold medal in the men's bantamweight division at the Asian Games 2002.

In 2002 he bested Abdusalom Khasanov and Bekzod Khidirov in the final.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics he lost his first match to eventual Thai runner up Worapoj Petchkoom.

At the 2005 World Championships he competed in the featherweight division, and lost his first bout to Dmytro Bulenkov (Ukraine).

References

2002

1982 births
Living people
Bantamweight boxers
Olympic boxers for South Korea
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2002 Asian Games
South Korean male boxers
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games


Starfire is the first album by Jørn Lande's solo project Jorn. It was released on 21 November 2000.

It has mainly a melodic hard rock sound and several cover songs of his favorite bands. The album features members of his two then-current bands Ark and Millenium.

Lande said in interviews that the album is more of a demo thing than a full-length album with high production, which was much more improved on his next albums.

Track listing
Music and lyrics written by Jørn Lande except where noted.

 "Starfire" - 4:50
 "Edge of the Blade" (Jonathan Cain, Steve Perry, Neal Schon) (Journey cover) - 4:21
 "Break It Up" (Mick Jones) (Foreigner cover) - 4:16
 "Forever Yours" (Jørn Lande, Jon Anders Narum) - 3:56
 "The Day the Earth Caught Fire" (Lol Mason, Mike Slamer, Max Thomas) (City Boy cover) - 5:12
 "Gate of Tears" - 5:05
 "Burn" (Ritchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Jon Lord, Ian Paice) (Deep Purple cover) - 6:13
 "End Comes Easy" (Jørn Lande, Jon Anders Narum) - 4:08
 "Just the Same" (Craig Chaquico, Jeannette Sears, Eric VanSoest) (Jefferson Starship cover) - 5:29
 "Abyss of Evil" - 4:23

Personnel
Jørn Lande - lead vocals
Tore Moren - guitar
Ralph Santolla - guitar
Shane French - guitar
Ronni Le Tekrø - guitar
Tore Østby - guitar and bass guitar
Sid Ringsby - bass guitar
John Macaluso - drums
Willy Bendiksen - drums
Dag Stokke - keyboards
Jon A. Narum - guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboards and samples

References

2000 debut albums
Jørn Lande albums
Frontiers Records albums


Paraprotopteryx is a genus of enantiornithean birds from the Mesozoic of China.

In 2007, the type species Paraprotopeteryx gracilis was named and described by Zheng Xiaoting, Zhang Zihui and Hou Lianhai. The generic name means "near Protopteryx", in reference to a presumed similarity with that genus. The specific name is intended to mean "pretty".

The holotype is specimen STM V001. It consists of a skeleton with skull on a plate and counterplate. The investigation preceding the description of the species proved that fossil traders had added the skull of a different individual to the torso. The description is based on the rump parts. Feathers have been preserved. The rump represents a subadult individual.

Though initially reported to be from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, later investigation showed that the fossil actually came from the Qiaotou Member of the Huajiying Formation of Fengning, Hebei Province, China, and is therefore of uncertain age. While much of the Huajiying Formation underlies the Yixian Formation, Ji and colleagues suggested in 2008 that the Qiaotou Member correlates with the Dawangzhangzi beds of the Yixian Formation, dated to approximately 122 million years ago by Zhou Zhonghe in 2006.

Distinguishing characteristics
The original description suggested a number of distinguishing traits. Paraprotopteryx would have had a furcula (wishbone) which is shaped like a Y with a narrow angle between the clavicles.  It also was described as having an unusually shaped breastbone, distinguishing it from other birds in the Enantiornithines.  The carpometacarpus is only partially fused.

Paraprotopteryx has four, ten centimetres long, rectrices (flight feathers on the tail), more than doubling the total body length, which may represent an important step in feather evolution. They have a very elongated ribbon-like shaft and only the tips are barbed and expanded. In Paraprotopteryx they may have served as a secondary sex characteristic. This was the first time a tail fan was reported for Enantiornithes. Later such a double pair was reported for Shanweiniao. However, although the presence of two ribbon-like rectrices is certain (as in the related enantiornithean bird Protopteryx) the describers of Shanweiniao in 2012 voiced a suspicion that the second pair of rectrices in Paraprotopteryx might be the result of artifice.

References

External links
 A photograph of the main slab of the type specimen (STM V001), published by Albertonykus's (Albert Chen's) twitter account

Early Cretaceous birds of Asia
Enantiornitheans
Fossil taxa described in 2007


The following is a list of Christian Church Fathers. Roman Catholics generally regard the Patristic period to have closed with the death of John of Damascus, a Doctor of the Church, in 749. However, Orthodox Christians believe that the Patristic period is ongoing. Therefore, the list is split into two tables.

Until John of Damascus

After John of Damascus

See also
 Ante-Nicene Fathers (book)
 Apostolic Fathers
 Cappadocian Fathers
 Church Fathers
 Desert Fathers
 Doctors of the Church
 List of early Christian writers
 Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
 Patristics
 Patrologia Graeca
 Patrologia Latina
 Patrologia Orientalis
 Three Holy Hierarchs

Notes and references

External links
Fathers of the Church (Catholic Encyclopedia)
Monachos Patristics Master List
Writings of Church Fathers from NewAdvent

Christianity in late antiquity
Church Fathers
Chu


Nazario Escoto Donaire was acting President of  "Democratic" Nicaragua after the death of Francisco Castellón during Granada-León civil war.

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Presidents of Nicaragua


Richard Garrigues is a naturalist, writer and videographer, originally from suburban New Jersey, who has lived in Costa Rica since 1981, where he leads birding and natural history tours. Since April 2000, he has been posting the Gone Birding Newsletter online. In June 2005 he also began to study the birds of northwestern Ecuador.

Published works
The Birds of Costa Rica, illustrated by Robert Dean, 2007 ()
The birds of Costa Rica, a field guide, Second edition illustrated by Robert Dean, 2014

References

External links
Aimophila Adventures: The Experience of Birding! book review
Finding Birds in Costa Rica, his website for his tours, book & materials & Costa Rica in general

American naturalists
Birdwatchers
Living people
American nature writers
American male non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Ramón Gaya y Pomés (10 October 1910 – 15 October 2005) was a Spanish painter and writer.

Biography
Ramón Gaya was born in Murcia to Catalan parents Salvador Gaya and Josefa Pomés.  His parents had moved to Murcia so Salvador could better engage in his profession of lithography.  Ramón's father had some painter friends, Pedro Flores and Luis Garay, Christopher Hall and Darsie Japp, who helped instruct Gaya in art in his early years.  He left school early to pursue the profession of painter.  Already at the age of 17, Gaya had his first major exhibition in Paris. He became involved with Frederico Garcia Lorca's theatre drawing sets and was head of the painting department in the Las Missiones Pedagógicas. He was the youngest part of the  group named la Generación del 27.

His later works were influenced by the old masters such as Velázquez, Titian as well as Vincent van Gogh.

In June 1936 he married Fé Sanz in Madrid. At the start of the Spanish Civil War he joined the Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals. His wife Fé Sanz was killed in the bombing of Figueres, during the last days of the war, where his daughter, Alicia survived.
With the army he crossed the Pyrenees and spent sixteen days in the concentration camp of Saint-Cyprien.
After the war, he went into exile to France, where he was separated from his daughter, and, later to Mexico. In 1956 he returned to Europe and settled down in Rome, Italy. In the 1970s he returned to Spain, Madrid. His work can be seen at Caffé Greco, in Rome.

In 1990, in his hometown of Murcia, in the south-east of Spain, the Ramón Gaya de Murcia Museum was set up, for which the painter gave over a hundred of his works.

Gaya was also active as a writer,  poet, and art critic. In the course of his 95-year life he received numerous awards, including the National Award for Plastic Arts in 1996 and the  in 2002. In 1999, he received the honorary doctorate from the University of Murcia.

Gaya was considered one of the best painters of Spain of this century and belongs to the last surviving representatives of the generation of 1927.

References

1910 births
2005 deaths
Murcian writers
Spanish artists


John Brite Bowker (born July 8, 1983) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Philadelphia Phillies and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yomiuri Giants and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. Bowker stands  tall and weighs ; he bats and throws left-handed.

Bowker was drafted out of Long Beach State University in the third round of the 2004 MLB draft by the San Francisco Giants. He spent the next few years in their minor league system and ranked among the Eastern League leaders in several hitting categories in 2007. He was called up by the Giants shortly after the 2008 season began, and he became the first San Francisco-era Giant to hit a home run in his first two major league games. He was the Giants' starting first baseman for much of the season and finished the year batting .255 with 10 home runs in 111 games. In 2009, Bowker won the Pacific Coast League batting title with a .342 average. However, he batted .194 in 31 major league games. He began 2010 as the Giants' right fielder but lost the job soon after the season started. He was optioned to Fresno in June and was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates at the trade deadline. Bowker was called up by the Pirates in September and finished the 2010 season batting .219 with 5 home runs in 67 games. He started the 2011 season as a reserve outfielder on the Pirates' team but was designated for assignment and sent to the minors after April. He batted .306 with 15 home runs and 76 RBI in 106 games with their International League team before getting traded to the Philadelphia Phillies at the end of August. Used mainly as a pinch hitter, Bowker had no hits in 13 at-bats with Philadelphia. Following the season, he was released so he could sign with the Yomiuri Giants in Japan.

Early life
Bowker was born to Brite and Chris Bowker on July 8, 1983, in Sacramento, California. Growing up, he attended Mariemont Elementary School, Arden Middle School, and Rio Americano High School. He began his baseball career playing for an Arden Park Little League team coached by his father, and he played baseball at Rio Americano, along with football and basketball. He decided to concentrate on baseball as a sophomore. He lettered three seasons in baseball, two seasons in football and one season in basketball in addition to being named all-league in each of these sports. He set Rio Americano's single-season records for batting average (.463) hits (41), home runs (8) and runs batted in (RBI) (41).

College career
After graduating from Rio Americano, Bowker enrolled at Long Beach State University. In 2004, he led the LBSU Dirtbags to the NCAA Super Regionals and was included on the 1st Team All-Big West. Bowker batted .323 in his first two years at Long Beach.

Professional career

Draft and minor leagues
Bowker entered the 2004 Major League Baseball (MLB) Draft and was selected in the third round by the San Francisco Giants.

To begin his minor league career, Bowker was assigned to the rookie-league Arizona League Giants. After batting .512 with 22 hits, 2 home runs, and 11 RBI in 10 games for the Giants, he was promoted to the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes of the single-A short season Northwest League. With Salem-Keizer, he batted .323 with 41 hits, 4 home runs, and 16 RBI in 31 games. Between the AZL Giants and Salem-Keizer, he appeared in 41 games, batting .371 with 63 hits, 6 home runs, and 27 RBI in 41 games.

In 2005, Bowker attended Giants' spring training but was sent to the minors on March 2. He spent the season with the single-A advanced San Jose Giants. In 121 games, he had 124 hits, 27 doubles, 13 home runs, and 67 RBI while batting .267. He batted .238 with a double, a home run, and 4 RBI in 5 playoff games as San Jose won the California League championship.

Bowker attended spring training with the Giants in 2006, but he was sent to the minors on March 2. He spent most of the season with San Jose, where he batted .284 with 131 hits, 6 triples, 7 home runs, and 66 RBI in 112 games. His 32 doubles ranked tenth overall in the league. In 5 playoff games, he batted .182 with 4 hits, 2 doubles, and 1 triple. He also appeared in two games for the triple-A Fresno Grizzlies of the Pacific Coast League, where he had two hits in four at bats.

Bowker attended spring training with the Giants in 2007 but only appeared in two spring training games. He spent the entire season with the Connecticut Defenders, the Giants' double-A affiliate in the Eastern League. He set career highs with 139 games played, a .307 batting average, 160 hits, 22 home runs, 90 RBI, 35 doubles, and 6 triples. He ranked seventh in the league in batting average (among qualifiers), first in games, second in hits (to Jordan Brown), fifth in doubles (tied with David Smith), fifth in triples (tied with Clete Thomas and Michael Spidale), and third in RBI (behind Jeff Larish and Oscar Salazar). His 22 home runs were tied for fifth in the league (with Salazar and Luis Jiménez) and set a Connecticut franchise record.

Entering the 2008 season, Bowker was named the ninth best prospect in the Giants' organization by Baseball America. He attended spring training again but was sent to Fresno on March 11.

San Francisco Giants (2008–2010)

2008
On April 11, Bowker was called up by the Giants, and he joined the team the next day after having only 3 hours of sleep the night before. In a 7–5 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals that day, he got his first hit (a single) and drove in three runs with his first home run, both against Todd Wellemeyer, as he became the eighth player in San Francisco Giants history to hit a home run in his debut. The next day, in the Giants' 7–4 victory over the Cardinals, Bowker had four RBI and hit his second home run, against Joel Piñeiro, becoming the first player in San Francisco Giants history to hit a home run in each of his first two Major League games. He had seven RBI in his first two games, the most by any major leaguer in his first two games since Joe Cunningham had seven in 1954. Bowker replaced Rich Aurilia as the Giants' starting first baseman on April 21. On June 7, he hit the first grand slam of his career, against Luis Ayala, in a 6–0 victory over the Washington Nationals. On July 2, Bowker hit a two-run "Splash Hit" home run into McCovey Cove against Ryan Dempster in a 6–5 loss to the Chicago Cubs. He was batting .274 before the All-Star break, but after batting .152 with two RBI in 21 games after the break, he was optioned to Fresno on August 13 to make room on the roster for Travis Ishikawa, who replaced him as the Giants' first baseman. He was recalled by the Giants on September 2 after rosters expanded. Used mainly as a pinch-hitter in September, he batted .346 with 1 home run in 15 games to finish the season with a .255 batting average (10th among NL rookies), 83 hits (9th among NL rookies), 14 doubles, 3 triples (tied for 4th among NL rookies), 10 home runs (tied for 4th among NL rookies), and 43 RBI (6th among NL rookies) in 111 games. At Fresno, he batted .237 with 22 hits, 3 doubles, 1 triple, 2 home runs, and 9 RBI in 23 games.

2009
On March 29, 2009, Bowker was optioned to Fresno. In June, Bowker was named the Pacific Coast League player of the week for two straight weeks (May 24–31 and June 1–7) after batting .519 with five doubles, six home runs, 16 runs scored, and 18 RBI over that span. He was called up to the Giants on July 9 when Ryan Sadowski was optioned to Fresno. On July 19, he had a game-winning sacrifice fly against Zach Duke in the Giants' 4–3 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates. Bowker split time in left field with Randy Winn and at first base with Ishikawa, but he was returned to Fresno on July 26 so the Giants could call up Eugenio Vélez after Bowker batted .156 with 4 RBI in 11 games. He was recalled at the beginning of August but was sent back to Fresno after appearing in two games. On August 16, Bowker tied a Grizzlies' record (shared by Dante Powell) by driving in seven runs in an 8–5 victory over the Nashville Sounds. He hit three-run home runs against Tim Dillard and John Axford, and he was walked with the bases loaded by David Johnson. On September 1, he was recalled when rosters expanded. He was used mainly as a pinch-hitter until September 23, when he took over left field after Vélez was moved from left field to second base to replace the injured Freddy Sanchez. In 31 games with the Giants that year, Bowker batted .194 with 13 hits, 2 doubles, 2 triples, 2 home runs, and 7 RBI in 67 at bats. In 104 games at Fresno, he batted .342 with 125 hits, 22 doubles, 4 triples, 21 home runs, and 83 RBI. He tied for ninth in the league in home runs (with Prentice Redman) and tied for eight in RBI (with Allen Craig). He led the league in batting, becoming the first Fresno player to win the batting title since Brian Dallimore in 2003. Bowker was named to the PCL's regular-season All-Star team, post-season All-Star team, and All-PCL team.

2010
Although Nate Schierholtz was expected to be the Giants' Opening Day right fielder in 2010, Bowker won the position after hitting six home runs in spring training. On April 7, Bowker hit a two-run home run against Brett Myers in a 10–4 victory over the Houston Astros. After batting .214 with four RBI in his first 10 games, Bowker was replaced by Schierholtz as the starting right fielder on April 17. On May 7, Bowker hit a ninth-inning game-tying home run against Francisco Rodríguez in an eventual 6–4 loss to the New York Mets. After batting .207 with 17 hits, 3 doubles, 3 home runs, and 8 RBI in 41 games, Bowker was optioned to Fresno on June 2 to make room for Pat Burrell on the roster. He was named the PCL Player of the Week from June 14 to June 21 after he had a 13-game hitting streak and a 6-game RBI streak end that week.

Pittsburgh Pirates (2010–2011)
After batting .310 with 61 hits, 12 doubles, 14 home runs, and 36 RBI in 51 games with Fresno, Bowker and Joe Martinez were traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 31 for Javier López. Upon being acquired, Bowker was assigned by the Pirates to the Indianapolis Indians of the triple-A International League, where he batted .319 in 25 games with 29 hits, 7 doubles, 2 triples, 4 home runs, and 10 RBI. He was called up to the Pittsburgh club on September 1 as rosters expanded. By September 13, he had taken over from Lastings Milledge as the Pirates' everyday right fielder. He hit a two-run home run against Barry Enright and had three hits on September 18 in a 9–6 victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks. Four days later, Bowker again had three hits and two RBI, including a solo home run against Kyle Lohse, in an 11–6 victory over the Cardinals. He had a pinch-hit three-run double against Mike MacDougal on September 28 in a 7–2 victory over the Cardinals. With the Pirates in 2010, Bowker batted .232 with 16 hits, 5 doubles, 2 home runs, and 13 RBI in 26 games. His major league totals from 2010 were 33 hits, 5 doubles, 8 home runs, and 21 RBI in 67 games.

Bowker made the Pirates' Opening Day roster in 2011 as a reserve oufielder. After he had 4 hits (1 double) and 2 RBI in 17 at-bats over 19 games, he was designated for assignment to make room on the roster for Xavier Paul on April 27. On May 4, he was assigned to Indianapolis after clearing waivers. In 106 games with Indianapolis, Bowker batted .306 with 129 hits, 27 doubles, 1 triple, 15 home runs, and 76 RBI (ninth in the league).

Philadelphia Phillies (2011)
On August 30, 2011, Bowker was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for a player to be named later or cash. Bowker was used almost exclusively as a pinch-hitter with the Phillies. He had no hits in 13 at-bats with the Phillies and was left off their postseason roster. With the Phillies and Pirates in 2011, Bowker batted .133 with two RBI in 31 games.

Yomiuri Giants
On January 10, 2012, Bowker was released by the Phillies in order to pursue a career in Nippon Professional Baseball. Three days later, he signed a one-year deal with the Yomiuri Giants.

He struggled in the regular season, having only .196 batting average, 3 home runs and 10 RBIs. But his performance in the Climax Series and Japan Series would be outstanding and were crucial to Giants' both series' Champion. Particularly in Japan Series, which included a near-miss of a tie of Japan series record of 6 RBIs in a game (which he had 5) and leading his Team with 7 RBI and 2 Home Runs. Despite losing to starting pitcher teammate Tetsuya Utsumi in Japan Series Most Valuable Player award, he was still awarded in Outstanding Player award.

San Francisco Giants
In January 2015, Bowker signed a minor league contract with the Giants to return to playing baseball in America. Along with Ryan Vogelsong,  who had played for the Orix Buffaloes, he is the second Giants draftee to return to the Giants after playing in NPB.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On June 11, 2015 Bowker was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates organization for a PTBNL. He elected free agency on November 6.

Fukushima Hopes
On May 9, 2017, Bowker signed with the Fukushima Hopes of the Baseball Challenge League. He became a free agent after the season.

Personal life
Growing up, Bowker rooted for the San Francisco Giants, the team that drafted him. His uncle, Jeff Carmichael (who coached him growing up), helps him train during the offseason.

References

External links

John Bowker at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1983 births
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Arizona League Giants players
Baseball players from Sacramento, California
Bravos de Margarita players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Connecticut Defenders players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Indianapolis Indians players
Living people
Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball left fielders
Nippon Professional Baseball right fielders
Philadelphia Phillies players
Piratas de Campeche players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Sacramento River Cats players
Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players
San Francisco Giants players
San Jose Giants players
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles players
Yomiuri Giants players
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players


Worldchanger is the second album by Jørn Lande's solo project Jorn, released in 2001. It features a mix of tracks that represent different genres including hard rock, progressive rock, doom metal and power metal.

Track listing
All songs written by Jørn Lande and Tore Moren except where noted.

 "Tungur Knivur" (Lande) - 6:17
 "Sunset Station" - 4:30
 "Glow in the Dark" (Lande) - 4:38
 "House of Cards" - 4:56
 "Bless the Child" - 4:40
 "Captured" - 4:08
 "Worldchanger" - 4:51
 "Christine" (Lande) - 2:53
 "Bridges Will Burn" - 5:32

Personnel
Jørn Lande - lead vocals
Tore Moren - guitar
Sid Ringsby - bass
Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blomberg - drums

2001 albums
Jørn Lande albums
Frontiers Records albums


Harry Schumm (September 27, 1877 – April 4, 1953) was an American silent film actor. He appeared in almost 50 films between 1913 and 1920. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and died in Los Angeles, California.

Selected filmography

 A Forest Romance (1913)
 For the Peace of Bear Valley (1913)
 Lucille Love, Girl of Mystery (1914)
 The Hazards of Helen (1914)
 The Mysterious Rose (1914)
 The Broken Coin (1915)
 The Double Hold-Up (1919)
 West Is Best (1920)
 The Path She Chose (1920)

References

External links

1877 births
1953 deaths
Male actors from Illinois
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
20th-century American male actors


Friedemann Mattern (born 28 July 1955) is a German scientist.

After studying computer science with a minor in communication sciences at the University of Bonn, Mattern became a VLSI design and parallelism researcher at Kaiserslautern University of Technology.
He got his doctorate degree in 1989 after writing a dissertation on distributed algorithms. In 1991 Mattern was offered a teaching position at Saarland University in Saarbrücken; in 1994 he moved to the Department of Computer Science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. In 1999 Mattern responded to ETH Zurich's call for the establishment of a Ubiquitous Computing research group. Since fall 2002, he has been on the Institute for Pervasive Computing Founding Board.  Currently he is in charge of the Distributed Systems program at ETH Zurich. Mattern is also a co-founder of the common M-Lab Competency Center at ETH Zurich and the University of St. Gallen.

Together with Colin Fidge, he developed the vector clock algorithm, which allows one to generate a partial ordering of events in a distributed system and to detect causality violations.

Publications
Distributed Algorithms for Termination Detection
Virtual Time and Global States of Distributed Systems
Detecting Causal Relationships in Distributed Computations: In Search of the Holy Grail
Social, Economic, and Ethical Implications of Ambient Intelligence and Ubiquitous Computing
Vom Verschwinden des Computers - Die Vision des Ubiquitous Computing
Das Internet der Dinge: Ubiquitous Computing und RFID in der Praxis. Visionen, Technologien, Anwendungen, Handlungsanleitungen ( 2005, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, ) (as editor alongside Elgar Fleisch)

References

German computer scientists
1955 births
Living people
Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
Academic staff of ETH Zurich


Sapoot () is a 1996 Indian Hindi-language action-thriller film directed by Jagdish A. Sharma, starring Sunil Shetty, Akshay Kumar, Karishma Kapoor and Sonali Bendre. Other cast members include Kader Khan, Prem Chopra, Johnny Lever, Kiran Kumar, Avtar Gill, Mukesh Rishi, Shalini Kapoor Sagar, Jeetu Verma and Mahavir Shah.

Plot
Singhania is a powerful Underworld don, who has two sons. Raj looks after his business, while his younger brother Prem is a playboy. Singhania does not deal in drugs, nor does he allow any of his men to deal in narcotics. As a result, his rivals in the crime world, Dhaneshwar and his brother Tejeshwar, set up and murder Singhania. Now Raj and Prem must take back their father's criminal empire one step at a time.

Cast
Suniel Shetty as Raj Singhania.
Akshay Kumar as Inspector Prem Singhania.
Karishma Kapoor as Pooja Singhania, Prem's wife.
Sonali Bendre as Kajal Singhania, Raj's wife.
Johnny Lever as Deva
Mukesh Rishi as Tejeshwar, Dhaneshwar's younger brother.
Prem Chopra as Dhaneshwar
Kiran Kumar as Shamsher
Mahavir Shah as Kantilal Dalaal / a.k.a. KLD
Shalini Kapoor Sagar as Anjali Singhania, Raj, Prem and Deva’s sister.
Salim Khan as Harish, Anjali's college-mate and love interest.
Avtar Gill as Masterji Vidyasagar
Kader Khan as Singhania, Raj, Prem & Anjali's father.
Jeetu Verma as Maanik, Dhaneshwar's younger son.
Sanjeev Dabholkar as Dhaneshwar's elder son.
K. K. Raj as Corrupt Police Inspector Pawar, Tejeshwar's ally.

Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Anu Malik. Music was released by T-Series

References

External links

1996 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Indian crime action films
Films scored by Anu Malik
1990s crime action films
1990s masala films
Indian action drama films
1990s action drama films


The Wiesensee () is an artificial lake, dammed up in 1971, in the Westerwald low mountain range. The lake covers about 80 hectares and lies in the area of Stahlhofen am Wiesensee's various centres on the lake's west shore, and Pottum on the north shore in the Westerwaldkreis. The community of Winnen borders on the lake to the southeast. The lake is a nature conservation area, and only parts of the water surface are open for recreational use.

It is a holiday and tourist destination. Several hotels, a luxury hotel and golf course lie near the shore. Many leisure facilities in the winter and summer make the Wiesensee attractive for athletes, young families and youth. Around the lake runs a roughly 6.5-km-long hiking path loop.

Regular events
Once every year, usually in the third week of October, the lake is fished clean, and completely drained. On this occasion the fishing festival is traditionally held.

Every three years, the Vereinsring Pottum ("club ring") stages a Sommernachtfest ("Summer Night Festival") at the lake.

Other
In 2006, the Czech national football team stayed at Wiesensee during the world championship.

External links
 Information about the Wiesensee on Stahlhofen am Wiesensee's website
 Information about the Wiesensee on the Westerburg collective municipality's website

Lakes of Rhineland-Palatinate
RWiesensee
Lakes of the Westerwald


Scott Silver (born November 30, 1964) is an American screenwriter and film director.

Silver is best known for such films as Johns, The Mod Squad, 8 Mile, The Fighter, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Joker, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, alongside Todd Phillips. He is of Jewish descent. He is also set to co-write the script to the upcoming Spawn reboot.

Filmography

Producer
 Stronger (2017)

Co-executive producer
 The House of Yes (1997)

Special thanks
 Requiem for a Dream (2000)
 Then She Found Me (2007)
 Bleed for This (2016)
 Siberia (2018)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

American male screenwriters
Jewish American screenwriters
AFI Conservatory alumni
1964 births
Living people
Writers from Worcester, Massachusetts
Film directors from Massachusetts
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
21st-century American Jews


Songs of Travel and Other Verses is an 1896 book of poetry by Robert Louis Stevenson. Originally published by Chatto & Windus,  it explores the author's perennial themes of travel and adventure. The work gained a new public and popularity when it was set to music in Songs of Travel by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

External links
 Songs of Travel at archive.org

References

1896 poetry books
Poetry by Robert Louis Stevenson
British poetry collections
Chatto & Windus books
Books published posthumously


was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period through early Azuchi–Momoyama period, who served the Oda clan.

References

Samurai
1526 births
1585 deaths


I.C. Rapoport (Chuck Rapoport, born May 13, 1937) is known both for his work as a photojournalist in the 1960s and more recently as a TV and film screenwriter. Rapoport's photography career is noted for his Life Magazine photo essay on the aftermath of the tragic Aberfan, Wales disaster, and also for his exclusive and rare photographs of Joseph Pilates, the now famous fitness master and creator of the Pilates Method.

Awards
1997: Edgar Allan Poe Mystery Writer's Award
1997: Nominated for Writers Guild Award
2017: Honorary Lifetime Membership in the National Union Of Journalists (NUJ), South Wales, UK for his photojournalist essay on the aftermath of the Aberfan Disaster

Publications
Sixty Strange Days - U S Army Basic Training in Words & Pictures (1966). OCLC 10943268. (out of print)
Aberfan: The Days After: A Journey in Pictures (regarding the aftermath of the Aberfan slag collapse of 1966), Parthian Books, Cardigan, Wales (2005).  (in print)

Filmography
Law & Order
Baywatch (2 episodes, 1991–1992)
Street Justice (1991)
Cook & Peary: The Race to the Pole (1983)
I Married Wyatt Earp (1983) (TV)
Living Proof: The Hank Williams, Jr. Story (1983)
Word of Honor (1981) (TV)
ABC Weekend Specials
Diary of the Dead (1976)
To Kill a Clown (1972)

Exhibitions

In April 2005, Rapoport held a large one-man exhibition of his historic and iconic photographs of the Aftermath of the 1966 Aberfan Disaster in the main gallery of the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth, Wales.

Rapoport's photographs of Samuel Beckett were displayed in the Beckett Exposition at the Pompidou Center in Paris (Spring-2007). In the winter of 2007, a one-man showing of Rapoport's work, titled: Rapoport-Icons (JFK, Jackie K, Truffaut, Fidel Castro, Becket, Aznavour, and others - from the days he worked for Paris Match) was held in Paris at the Jim Haynes Atelier.

A second showing of Rapoport-Icons were on display in Paris at the Book and Wine store, La Belle Hortense on rue Vieille du Temple in the Marais - Paris, in May 2008.

Another one-man photographic exhibition titled: Paris Est Une Fete - 1964, a collection of Rapoport's photographs taken in Paris during the summer of 1964, opened at the end of May, 2008 at Galerie le Simoun on rue Miromesnil in the 8th arrondissement, in Paris.

A second exhibit of the Paris Impressions photographs were shown Mayberry's in Rapoport's hometown of Pacific Palisades, California. Later in the winter of 2008, a larger showing of the Paris images will be exhibited at Equator Books in Venice, California.

In Feb. 2007, Rapoport held an exhibition in Venice, California at Equator Books of his photo series: Times Square: The Way It Was.

The Aberfan Disaster Aftermath Photos were again displayed in the National Library of Wales in October 2016 and also at the same time, the images were included into a Video/film detailing Rapoport’s experiences photographing for LIFE magazine and shown to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the disaster at The Red House in Merthyr Tydfil (the town just six miles from the site of the mine-related disaster.

From 1970 to 2004 Rapoport wrote a dozen Movies of the Week for TV and worked as a staff writer and producer for Law & Order.

In April 2011, Rapoport held an exhibition in Santa Monica, California at Deyermond Art + Books of various photographs.

References

External links
Biography
Interview
Digital Journalist - Aberfan: The Days After
'Aberfan: Remembrances of a Photojournalist' on Ffoton Wales
Audio Interview on Ffoton Wales

1937 births
Living people
American photojournalists
American male screenwriters
Ohio University alumni
Screenwriters from New York City
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
American male non-fiction writers


Anders Hans Karlsson (born July 22, 1959) is a Swedish scientist and agronomist working in Denmark since 1996. As of 2004, he is a professor at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Food Science.

Biography
Karlsson was born in Västerås, Sweden, and is the son of Hans Valter Karlsson (b. 1931) and Gunvor Agnes  20 km west of Västerås, in the province Västmanland.

In 1989 Karlsson received his M.Sc. degree in agricultural science (animal science and meat science), and in 1993 he received his Ph.D. degree in meat science. Both these degrees were received from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala, Sweden. In January 2004, he was appointed professor at the University of Copenhagen in meat science. Between 2004 and 2010, he also acted as the head of the Meat Science Research Section, which operated under the University of Copenhagen's Department of Food Science in Frederiksberg, Denmark. Since 2004 he is the Chairman for the Danish Meat Science Board (Kødforskningsudvalget).

In 2007, he was appointed by the EU Commission to coordinate a five-year Integrated Project under the 6th Framework Program titled Q-PorkChains. This project is one of the largest initiatives in Food Science ever supported by the EU. The total budget for the project is 20.7 million €, of which 15.0 million € comes from EU.

References

Swedish agronomists
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences alumni
1959 births
Living people


The Master Key may refer to:

Literature
 The Master Key (Baum novel), a children's book by L. Frank Baum
 The Master Key, a 1914 personal development book by L. W. de Laurence
 The Master Key (Togawa novel), a 1962 mystery by Masako Togawa
 The Master Key System, a personal development book by Charles F. Haanel

Film
 The Master Key (1914 serial), by Universal Studios
 The Master Key (1945 serial), by Universal Studios
 The Master Key (2009 film), a Canadian fantasy/mystery film

See also
 Master key (disambiguation)


The Parthini, Partini or Partheni were an Illyrian tribe that lived in the inlands of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They likely were located in the Shkumbin valley controlling the important route between the Adriatic Sea and Macedonia, which corresponded to the Via Egnatia of Roman times. Consequently, their neighbours to the west were the Taulantii and to the east the Dassaretii in the region of Lychnidus.

Name

The Parthini often appears in ancient accounts describing the Illyrian Wars and Macedonian Wars. Their name was written in Ancient Greek as Παρθῖνοι, Parthînoi, Παρθηνοι, Parthenoi, Παρθεηνᾶται Partheēnâtai and in Latin as Parthini or Partheni. They are mentioned by Livy, Caesar, Strabo vii.; Appian, Illyr. 1; Dion Cass. xli. 49; Cic. in Pis. 40; Pomp. Mela, ii. 3. § 11; Plin. iii. 26.

According to a mythological tradition reported by Appian (2nd century AD), the Parthini were among the South-Illyrian tribes that took their names from the first generation of the descendants of Illyrius, the eponymous ancestor of all the Illyrian peoples.

Geography

The Parthini most likely inhabited the area between the hinterland of Dyrrhachium at the Tirana plane in the north, and the hinterland of Apollonia at the Apsus river (Seman) in the south. Their territory likely included the Shkumbin valley, hence they controlled the important route between the Adriatic Sea and Macedonia, which corresponded to the Via Egnatia of Roman times. Initially, the Parthini may have held the lands around Epidamnus-Dyrrhachium, but later they were probably pushed more inland by the Taulantii losing their coastal holdings.

A walled city built in the 4th century BC at the latest has been found on the Gradishtë plateau near Belsh. It developed from an early 7th century BC hilltop settlement, and was located on the route leading from Apollonia along the Apsus river to the Shkumbin. Its ancient name is not known, but it can be assumed to have been the chief settlement of the Parthini. It existed until late antiquity, and was destroyed by the Slavic invasion.

The Illyrian stronghold of Dimale was situated in the vicinity or within the territory of the Parthini. Parthus was a settlement of the Parthini.

Culture

Language

The idiom spoken by the Parthini is included in the southern Illyrian onomastic province in modern linguistics. The territory they inhabited belongs to the area that is considered in current scholarship as the linguistic core of Illyrian.

Religion

The Parthini worshiped a supreme god recognized through interpretatio romana as 'Jupiter Parthinus'. It is attested in Latin epigraphic material as  Partinus.

History

The Parthini are often mentioned in the course of the Roman wars in Illyria and Macedonia, 229 BCE, but as friends rather than foes of the Romans, having submitted at an early period to their arms. (Polyb. ii. 11; Livy xxix. 12.) After the death of Philip, king of Macedon, they appear to have been added to the dominions of Pleuratus, an Illyrian prince allied to the Romans. (Polyb. xviii. 30; Liv. xxx. 34, xliv. 30.) Their principal town was Parthus (, Steph. B. s. v.), which was taken by Caesar in the course of his campaign with Pompeius. (Caes. B.C. iii. 41.) The double-hilled Dimallum, the strongest among the Illyrian places, with two citadels on two heights, connected by a wall (Polyb. iii. 18, vii. 9), was within their territory. There is no indication, however, of its precise situation, which was probably between Lissus and Epidamnus. Livy mentions (xxix. 12) two other fortresses: Eugenium and Bargulum.

Economy

Located in the inlands of southern Illyria, the Parthini controlled the important route between the Adriatic Sea and Macedonia, which corresponded to the Via Egnatia of Roman times.

Ancient historical sources testify agricultural economy among the Parthini, who were attested to have cultivated corn in Roman times. During the Great Roman Civil War the Parthini were obliged to deliver their corn supply for Pompey's troops. The situation changed with Caesar's arrival in Illyria. Once he had landed in Palaeste on the Ceraunian Mountains, the Illyrian communities, which were garrisoned by Pompey and the Senate, welcomed Caesar.

See also
List of ancient Illyrian peoples and tribes

References

Bibliography

Illyrian tribes
Illyrian Albania
Ancient tribes in Albania


The Ouchy Convention was negotiated at Ouchy (Switzerland) in June 1932, but signed at Geneva on 18 July 1932 between the two BLEU countries (Belgium and Luxembourg) and the Netherlands. At the convention the three countries agreed to a gradual reduction of economic barriers and the creation of a customs union. The convention was based on the Oslo Agreements of 1930 and aimed in addition at the reduction of trade tariffs.

The three countries agreed that:
 There should be no increases in existing trade tariffs or the application of new tariffs on imports from the participating countries.
 The existing duties on imports from each country should be gradually reduced by 10 per cent each year until the total reduction would reach 50 per cent.
 There should be no new barriers other than import duties on imports from each other
 There should be open entry to the convention on the part of other countries and extension of its benefits to non-entering countries if they in fact carried out its terms.

Most-favoured-nation problem
Both Belgium and the Netherlands had commercial treaties which contained the most-favoured-nation clause with for instance the United Kingdom and other countries. The Ouchy Convention contained a clause that it should not come into effect until these countries had waived their rights. At the British Empire Economic Conference at Ottawa of July–August 1932 the United Kingdom opposed the Dutch–Belgian interpretation of the most-favoured nation clause of the Ouchy convention. The refusal of the United Kingdom to waive its rights as most-favoured nation and the fact that the United States made no reply to the request for a waiver, made the convention fail without ever coming into operation.

The convention would be revived by the end of World War II by the creation of the BeNeLux. It would also be an inspiration for the BeNeLux memorandum of 1955, which was presented at the Messina Conference of 1955.

See also
Ventotene Manifesto

References

Sources
 Oral History Interview with Baron Jean-Charles Snoy
 Ethel B. Dietrich, Foreign Trade Blocs, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 211, Our Foreign Commerce in Peace and War (Sep., 1940), pp. 85–91
 Robert E. Clute, Robert R. Wilson, The Commonwealth and Favored-Nation Usage, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Jul., 1958), pp. 455–468

Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Luxembourg
Free trade agreements
Treaties concluded in 1932
Treaties of the Netherlands
Benelux
1932 in Belgium
1932 in Luxembourg
1932 in the Netherlands
Belgium–Netherlands relations
Belgium–Luxembourg relations
Luxembourg–Netherlands relations
Interwar-period treaties
1932 in Switzerland
Diplomatic conferences in Switzerland


The Baghdad Conservatory is a music conservatory in Baghdad, Iraq . Hanna Petros founded the institution in 1936.

The conservatory has produced such famous oud players as Munir Bashir and Jamil Bashir, Salman Shukur and Ghanim Haddad. The maqam singer Farida Mohammad Ali had taught there.  Also, instrumentalists Munir Bashir and Salem Abdul Karem.

See also
Music of Iraq

External links
Instruments at the Baghdad Conservatory

References

Music schools in Iraq


The Bates Mill is a textile factory company founded in 1850 and located at 35 Canal Street in Lewiston, Maine. The mill served as Maine's largest employer through the 1860s, and early profits from the mill provided much of the initial capital for nearby Bates College. Currently, the mill buildings are home to several new businesses, apartments, and a small museum.

Maine Governor John Hubbard signed the incorporation act on August 16, 1850 and Mill #1 was completed in 1852. Bates built the mill in Lewiston due to its location at Lewiston Falls, which initially provided power to the mill.

History

Benjamin Bates, a Boston entrepreneur, founded the textile mill in 1850 with several co-investors in the Bates Manufacturing Company. Maine Governor John Hubbard signed the incorporation act on August 16, 1850 and Mill #1 was completed in 1852. Bates built the mill in Lewiston due to its location at Lewiston Falls, which initially provided power to the mill. The Mill was operated by water power from the Androscoggin River, and combined power spinning and weaving on looms. The Mill produced textiles until the 21st century. During the American Civil War, the factory produced textiles for the Union Army with southern cotton it had stockpiled prior to the War. Thousands of immigrants from Canada and Europe immigrated to Lewiston to gain employment at the mills.

The mill complex, as the Bates Mill Historic District, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Today
Currently, the rehabilitated Bates Mill Complex is the site of Baxter Brewing Co., TD Bank, Androscoggin Savings Bank offices and The Symquest Group, Fishbones Casual Fine Dining Restaurant, Davinchi's Italian Restaurant, Grand Rounds, Northeast Bank, Bates Mill Dermatology, Community Health Options, Cross Insurance and Museum L-A: The Story of Work and Community in Lewiston-Auburn.  There are now almost 2,000 people living and working in the Bates Mill Complex.

On July 15, 2009, Bates Mill Building No. 5 briefly caught on fire from embers from the nearby Cowan Mill which was completely destroyed by fire. Building No. 5, a  weaving shed, was designed by Albert Kahn and placed in service in 1914. The structure was owned by the city of Lewiston, Maine, was vacant for several years, and was slated for demolition as recently as 2009, until its rebirth as a technology center in 2017 when healthcare technology company Grand Rounds leased 22,00 square feet in Bates Mill No. 6 to establish an east coast center employing up to 200 Maine residents.

On January 5, 2011, The Lofts at Bates Mill was awarded $5.2 million in low-income housing tax credits by the Maine State Housing Authority to convert Building No. 2 into 48 mixed-income apartments. The $9.2 million project includes 33 subsidized apartments and 15 market-rate apartments. Construction began 2011 and the apartments were completed late in 2012.

See also
Bates College
Museum L-A
National Register of Historic Places listings in Androscoggin County, Maine

References

External links

Bates Mill History
Official Museum L-A: The Story of Work and Community in Lewiston-Auburn website
Bates Mill Store
EPA Funding information for Bates Woolen Mill brownfields site

Textile mills in Maine
Buildings and structures in Lewiston, Maine
Bates College
Textile museums in the United States
Companies based in Lewiston, Maine
History of the textile industry
Historic American Engineering Record in Maine
Historic districts in Maine
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Lewiston, Maine
Manufacturing companies established in 1850
1850 establishments in Maine
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Maine


Jonathan Bliss (October 1, 1742 – October 1, 1822) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented St. John County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1786 to 1792 and from 1796 to 1802.

He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of Luke Bliss and Mercy Ely. Bliss was educated at Harvard College, studied law in Boston and set up practice in Wilbraham. He was named a justice of the peace in 1770 and a major in the militia in the following year. He travelled to England near the start of the American Revolution, and was subsequently named in the Massachusetts Banishment Act of 1778. In 1784, he accepted the post of attorney general for the province of New Brunswick. With Ward Chipman, he was elected to the 1st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly after the sheriff closed the polls early and disallowed votes for opposing candidates. In 1790, Bliss married Mary Worthington. He purchased a large home in Saint John formerly owned by Benedict Arnold. He was named Chief Justice of New Brunswick in 1809 and was appointed to the Executive Council of New Brunswick that same year. He remained a judge until his death in Fredericton in 1822 because the government was not prepared to grant him a pension.

His son William Blowers served in the Nova Scotia assembly and was a puisne judge for the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.

References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1742 births
1822 deaths
Harvard College alumni
Harvard College Loyalists in the American Revolution
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick judges
Attorneys General of the Colony of New Brunswick


The  New York Giants season was the franchise's 46th season in the NFL. This was the first season for the Giants after the AFL–NFL merger, in which ten American Football League teams joined the NFL. The team was led by second-year head coach Alex Webster. The Giants finished the season 9–5 for their first winning season since 1963, but they missed the playoffs after losing their season finale against the Los Angeles Rams by a score of 31–3. The Giants finished second in the NFC East, a game behind the Dallas Cowboys. They also finished only one game out of a wild-card playoff spot, won by the Detroit Lions.

Probably more damaging to the Giants' playoff hopes than the loss to the Rams were losses to two of the NFL's weakest teams:

 The first was a 14–10 loss at New Orleans in week three. The Giants were the victims of a blown call by head linesman Bruce Finlayson, who ruled tight end Aaron Thomas to be out of bounds on what would have been a game-winning touchdown pass from Fran Tarkenton in the closing minutes. Replays showed Thomas had both feet down in bounds, with control of the ball. The Saints' only other win of 1970 came five weeks later when Tom Dempsey kicked a then-NFL record 63-yard field goal for a 19-17 decision over the Detroit Lions, ironically the team that beat out the Giants for the final playoff spot in the NFC.

 The second was a 23–20 setback at Philadelphia on Monday Night Football in week 10, the Giants' only setback in a 10-week stretch following the loss to the Saints. The game at Franklin Field was more memorable for the antics in the broadcast booth, where Howard Cosell vomited on Don Meredith's cowboy boots. Cosell took a taxi back to the hotel at halftime, leaving Meredith to finish the game with Keith Jackson.

The Saints finished with the NFL's second-worst record at 2–11–1 (the Giants beat the NFL's worst team of 1970, the 2–12 Boston Patriots); the Eagles were barely better at 3–10–1. The Giants also lost at home to the 6-8 Chicago Bears.

This was the closest the Giants came to qualifying for the playoffs in the 1970s. The franchise enjoyed only one other winning season in the decade, going 8–6 in 1972. Big Blue did not return to the playoffs until 1981, ending a drought which dated back to the 1963 NFL Championship.

Offense
The 1970 Giants offense was led by Pro Bowl performers, quarterback Fran Tarkenton, and running back Ron Johnson. The team was in the top ten in several offensive categories including points, yards, and first downs. The team had over one hundred rushing yards in eleven of its fourteen games, including 202 yards in a week eight win against the Dallas Cowboys. The offense struggled when the team failed to run the ball well, as in the week fourteen loss to the Los Angeles Rams in which the Giants rushed for only 50 yards. When the team was able to run the ball and play defense they were able to win. In all their wins, they had at least 100 yards rushing. The leading passer was Fran Tarkenton, the leading rusher was Ron Johnson (the first Giant to rush for 1,000 yards in a season; 1,027), and the leading receiver was Clifton McNeil.

Defense
The best defensive game by far for the Giants was the shutout of the Boston Patriots (2–12) in a week 5 victory. In that game, the Giants allowed only 155 total offensive yards against the team which finished the season with the league's worst record. The team leader in interceptions for the Giants was Willie Williams, who had six interceptions for 114 total interception yards.

The backbone of New York's defense was a stout front four, featuring ends Fred Dryer and Jim Kanicki and tackles Bob Lurtsema and Jerry Shay. Williams was part of a solid secondary which also included Tom Longo, Scott Eaton and Spider Lockhart. First round draft pick Jim Files moved in at the starting middle linebacker spot for the departed Henry Davis, who moved on to Pittsburgh.

Special teams
The kicker for the Giants that season was Pete Gogolak. Gogolak was a perfect 32 of 32 in extra points but hit only 25 of 41 field goals attempted on the year, with his longest being a kick of 54 yards in week eight vs. the Cowboys, a kick which came on the same day Tom Dempsey set an NFL record with a 63-yard field goal for the Saints vs. the Lions, and 43-year-old George Blanda hit a 53-yard field goal at the gun to lift Oakland over Cleveland 23–20.

Bill Johnson and Ernie Koy shared punting duties for the Giants, and each was average for the position. Bobby Duhon and Les Shy were the main kick and punt returners, though neither returned a kick for a touchdown.

Draft

Roster

Schedule

Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

Standings

Season summary

Week 1 vs Bears

See also
List of New York Giants seasons

References

New York Giants
New York Giants seasons
New York Giants
1970s in the Bronx


Joseph-Léonard Duguay (October 8, 1900 – December 3, 1946) was a politician from Quebec, Canada and a Member of the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. He died on December 3, 1946 in Montreal.

Background
He was born in Pabos, Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine on October 8, 1900 and became a dentist after graduating from the University of Montreal.  He married Gertrude Duhamel in Montreal in 1928.

Political career
Duguay ran as a Conservative candidate in the federal district of Lake St. John in the 1930 election and won.  He was defeated by Liberal candidate Armand Sylvestre in the district of Lake St-John—Roberval in the 1935 election.

Duguay ran as a Conservative candidate in the provincial district of Lac-Saint-Jean in 1935 election and won against Liberal incumbent Joseph-Ludger Fillion.  He joined Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and was re-elected in the 1936 election.

He was defeated in the 1939 election.

From 1938 to 1940, Duguay served as Mayor of Alma, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean.

Duguay tried to win back his seat at the Canadian House of Commons, but was defeated in the 1940 and again when he ran as an independent in the 1945 elections.

References

1900 births
1946 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Mayors of places in Quebec
People from Alma, Quebec
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs
French Quebecers


St. John Neumann is a Roman Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The church is located at 380 Highland Lane in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

Information
The parish was founded as Blessed John Neumann by Archbishop John Krol in June 1964, to serve the Catholics on the Main Line in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Its namesake is the fourth Bishop of Philadelphia, John Nepomucene Neumann. During the year prior to the parish’s erection, Pope Paul VI beatified Neumann and thus permitted public veneration of him.

The first pastor of St. John Neumann was Fr. Edward Murphy, who celebrated Mass in the gymnasium of St. Aloysius Academy before the parish church was built.  of land was later purchased from the Sisters of St. Francis of Glen Riddle, Pennsylvania, and the first Mass in the church was held on August 20, 1967. On June 19, 1977, Bishop Neumann was canonized by Pope Paul, and the parish thus changed its name to St. John Neumann.

The parish is also served by the Sisters of St. Joseph. Its parochial school, Ss. Colman-John Neumann, is consolidated and also serves St. Colman Parish in Ardmore.

St. John Neumann Parish is located under the Delaware County Vicariate of the archdiocese, headed by Monsignor John Breslin.

List of pastors
Edward Murphy (1964–1978)
James Meehan (1978–2002)
James McKeaney (2002–2017)
Michael Matz (2017–present)

External links

Official site

Roman Catholic churches in Pennsylvania
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia
Philadelphia Main Line
Christian organizations established in 1964
Churches in Delaware County, Pennsylvania


Charles L'Éplattenier (9 October 1874, Neuchâtel – 7 June 1946, near Les Brenets) was a Swiss painter and architect who created the Swiss version of Art Nouveau, called Style Sapin.

His students and collaborators included Léon Gallet, and the young Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret). In his study of Corbusier, Kenneth Frampton writes that "one cannot emphasize too strongly the seminal role played in Jeanneret's early life" by L'Éplattenier. He worked almost exclusively in the town of La Chaux de Fonds, where from 1897 he taught at the school of decorative arts.

At the time, La Chaux-de-Fonds was developing into one of the leading centres of the Swiss watch industry. Increasing prosperity created a large demand for property and art in the style of the time among the wealthy citizens of the city.  L'Éplattenier and his students developed a local form of Art Nouveau known as Style Sapin ("pine style"), after a frequently recurring motif in their work. Style Sapin is characterised by an intensive study of nature and the artistic stylization of indigenous structures.

L'Éplattenier's works include monuments to the Republic and the politician Numa Droz in La Chaux-de-Fonds, figures and decorative elements in the town's crematorium and at the cemetery, as well as repoussé and enamel watch-case designs for the Gallet Watch Company. Upon funding for construction at the bequeath of Léon Gallet, the Musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds (Beaux Arts Museum of La-Chaux-de-Fonds) was built to L'Éplattenier's designs.

L'Eplattenier also designed a prototype military helmet, which was shunned in favour of the Imboden helmet. They are now prized collectors' items.

L’Éplattenier designed  the 'Helvetia Brustbild' postage stamp in 1906 for a new Swiss definitive series issued on November 11, 1907. The new 10, 12, and 15 cent definitive stamps featured a half-length portrait of Helvetia. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

A lover of the outdoors, L'Éplattenier fell to his death from a rocky promontory while hiking along the River Doubs, near Brenets, Switzerland.

References

1874 births
1946 deaths
Art Nouveau architects
19th-century Swiss architects
20th-century Swiss architects
19th-century Swiss painters
19th-century male artists
20th-century Swiss painters
People from Neuchâtel
Olympic competitors in art competitions
20th-century Swiss male artists


Sonja Zietlow (born 13 May 1968) is a German television-presenter.

Biography
Zietlow was born in Bonn. After she graduated from school and before her media-career began in 1993, she worked as first officer for the German airline Lufthansa. When Zietlow was a candidate in a TV-show, she was offered a job as host. She began her career as a host of Hugo & Hexana and is most-famous for her ongoing hosting since 2004, of Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!.

More-recently, she has hosted several RTL-shows, most-notably Der Schwächste fliegt!, a German adaptation of the hit BBC quiz-show The weakest Link. Since 2004, she hosts Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!, the German adaption of I'm a Celebrity...Get me out of here!. In 2004, she was awarded the title "Woman of the Year (Moderation)" by Maxim Deutschland.

References

External links

German women television presenters
German game show hosts
Living people
Mass media people from Bonn
Lufthansa people
1968 births
RTL Group people
Sat.1 people


Kasper Hvidt (born 6 February 1976) is a Danish retired handball goalkeeper, who lastly played for KIF Kolding and previous Danish national team. He was selected as the best keeper for the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship. .

, he is Director of Sports at Astralis Group, the group behind Astralis and Origen.

References

1976 births
Living people
Danish male handball players
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Spain
FC Barcelona Handbol players
Liga ASOBAL players
Olympic handball players for Denmark
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
CB Ademar León players
SDC San Antonio players
Handball players from Copenhagen


Vesna Milačić (Serbian Cyrillic: Весна Милачић), known as Kaja, is a Montenegrin singer-songwriter. She was born on June 8, 1968, in Karaburma, a suburb of Belgrade. She was a former member of the rock band Crveno i Crno. She debuted as a lyricist in 1999, on Kotor Music Festival, where she performed her song "Sad mogu da ti kažem sve" in a duet with Igor Perazić. Kaja decided to write songs for other performers after she wrote the lyrics to Bojan Marović's song "Više Te Nema", that won the second place on Sunčane Skale festival in 2002. She is married and has two children. From 2009 to 2010, she worked on national television on "Saturdays night" show with Dusica Vugdelic.

References

1968 births
Living people
Singers from Belgrade
20th-century Montenegrin women singers
Montenegrin singer-songwriters
Montenegrin women musicians
21st-century Montenegrin women singers


The Citroën Total World Rally Team was the Citroën factory backed entry into the World Rally Championship (WRC), run by Citroën Racing.

History

Background

In 1998, following its withdrawal from Rally raid competition, Citroën Sport began developing the Xsara Kit Car. Citroën entered the French Rally Championship in 1998 with Philippe Bugalski, who won driver's titles in both 1998 and 1999; and Sébastien Loeb who won the driver's title in 2001. In addition, Citroën also entered the car on asphalt rounds of the World Rally Championship. Bugalski finished fifth on the car's WRC debut on Rally Catalunya in April 1998, while Jesús Puras retired with engine problems. On Tour de Corse, Fabien Doenlen finished seventh and Patrick Magaud finished tenth whilst Bugalski retired with broken suspension. On Rallye Sanremo, Magaud finished 11th, Puras retired with engine problems and Bugalski crashed out.

In 1999, Bugalski and Puras were entered to the three asphalt rallies again, with Citroën also entering the 2-litre World Cup for Manufacturers. Bugalski won not only his class, but also the overall rallies of Catalunya and Corsica, beating the more powerful and four-wheel-drive World Rally Cars. Puras finished runner-up in Corsica. These results are credited with influencing the FIA's decision to ban the class and cup from the WRC at the end of that season.

Citroën Sport converted the Xsara Kit Cars into four-wheel drive World Rally Cars, intending to contest the 2001 World Rally Championship for Manufacturers, however the owners of the company, PSA Group, forbid the application. The Citroën Xsara T4 WRC was entered into selected rounds of the WRC, debuting at Rally Catalunya. Bugalski would have won but for a time penalty applied in dubious circumstances. Jesús Puras won in Corsica, while at San Remo Sébastien Loeb finished second on his first rally in a WRC car.
For the 2002 season, Citroën contested 8 of the 14 WRC rounds. However, owner PSA still refused to allow them to enter the manufacturer's championship facing their other marque Peugeot.. Sébastien Loeb and co-driver Daniel Elena provisionally won the season-opening Monte Carlo Rally but due to an illegal tyre change, received a time penalty demoting him to second. He later won his first rally driving the Xsara at Rallye Deutschland. The team also got a third-place finish on the Safari Rally with Thomas Radstrom.

2003 season
Citroën Total World Rally Team contested their first full year in the World Rally Championship for Manufacturers in 2003, having previously competed occasionally as Automobiles Citroën. They signed former World Champion drivers Colin McRae and Carlos Sainz from Ford to join Loeb. Bugalski was also entered in a fourth car on asphalt rallies. The team won the first event of the season, Rallye Monte Carlo, with a 1–2–3 finish with Loeb winning ahead of McRae and Sainz. Loeb also won Rallye Deutschland and Rallye Sanremo. Sainz won the Rally of Turkey. In their first full year, the team took the Manufacturers' championship, while Loeb finished second to Petter Solberg in the Drivers' championship. Sainz finished third and McRae was seventh.

2004 season

Citroën reduced their team for 2004, due to new WRC rules that manufacturer teams could only enter two drivers at each rally. Loeb and Sainz were the two drivers retained, and McRae was dropped. Loeb won the Monte Carlo Rally, the Swedish Rally, the Cyprus Rally, the Rally of Turkey, Rallye Deutschland and Rally Australia. Sainz won at Rally Argentina. Loeb won his first Drivers' championship. The team took the Manufacturers' championship. Sainz won on Rally Argentina and finished fourth in the standings.

2005 season
For the 2005 season, the primary drivers were Loeb and François Duval. Due to a string of poor performances, Duval was replaced by Sainz for Turkey and Greece. Loeb won the rallies of Monte Carlo, New Zealand, Italia Sardinia, Cyprus, Turkey, Acropolis, Argentina, Deutschland, France and Catalunya on his way to winning the Drivers' Championship. Duval took his debut win at the Rally Australia. Citroën took the Manufacturers' championship.

2006 season

For 2006, Citroën WRT took a one-year sabbatical, while developing a new car for 2007. Loeb was joined by Xavier Pons and third-driver Dani Sordo at the semi-privateer team Kronos Citroën, which received significant funding from Citroën Sport running their Xsara WRC cars. Sordo was soon promoted to second driver over Pons. Meanwhile, Loeb again won the Drivers' title, despite missing events in Turkey, Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain after breaking his arm in a mountain biking accident. He was replaced by former world champion Colin McRae for Turkey, who was then replaced by Pons for Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain.

2007 season
For the 2007 season, Citroën officially re-entered the World Rally Championship with the all new C4 WRC, driven by Loeb and Sordo. Loeb diced with Ford's Marcus Grönholm throughout the year, only securing his record-equaling fourth straight Drivers' title at the final event, the Rally GB. Loeb won in Monte Carlo, Mexico, Portugal, Argentina, Germany, Spain, France and Ireland. Sordo ended the season in 4th place. At the end of the season, Guy Fréquelin resigned as team principal, and was replaced by Olivier Quesnel.

2008 season

Loeb and Sordo continued as the team's drivers, whereas drinks company Red Bull joined the team as main sponsor. At the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, Loeb won, while  Sordo suffered engine trouble, and was forced to retire, rejoining under the Superally rules.

The season culminated in the team winning both the drivers' (Loeb) and manufacturers' titles ahead of Mikko Hirvonen and Ford respectively. In a typically dominant year after the retirement of Grönholm, Loeb's eleven wins for the season broke his existing 2005 record (10) for the greatest number of wins for one driver in an individual season, as well as bringing his own career total of WRC rally victories to 47. A still winless Sordo, with 65 points, nevertheless accomplished third in the drivers' standings.

2009 season
Loeb and Sordo were retained for the 2009 season. Loeb won the opening five events of the season, but suffered a mid-season drop in form and fell behind Mikko Hirvonen in the standings. However, he won the title by one point after winning the final two rounds of the season. Sordo finished third in the standings, scoring seven podium finishes, but still no wins.

2010 season
Loeb and Sordo were retained again for the 2010 season. Loeb won in Mexico, Jordan, Turkey and Bulgaria. Citroën Junior Team driver and Citroën protégé Sébastien Ogier won in Portugal, increasing the pressure on the still-winless Dani Sordo. Loeb took the driver's crown for the 7th time in a row, while Sordo managed 5th. Alongside Loeb, Sordo and Ogier's individual performances, Citroën took yet another manufacturer title.

2011 season
Loeb was joined by Ogier permanently for 2011, as he replaced Sordo. Ogier and Loeb took 5 wins each with the brand new Citroën DS3 WRC. Loeb finished again on top spot retaining his title for his 8th consecutive time while Ogier finished 3rd in the standings, Citroën also took the manufacturer crown.

2012 season
After Sébastien Ogier's departure to Volkswagen Motorsport, Mikko Hirvonen, released by the departure of Ford Motor Company, was signed by Citroën for 2012, driving the second Citroën DS3 WRC alongside Sébastien Loeb. Loeb took his first victory of the season on the 80th Monte Carlo Rally, and also secured wins in Mexico, Argentina and Greece. Hirvonen also won the Rally de Portugal but he was disqualified due to his clutch and turbo being deemed illegal.

2013 season
Red Bull's sponsorship moved to Volkswagen Motorsport as the Citroën team began a new long term partnership with Abu Dhabi Racing. The season started off with a win at the Monte Carlo Rally for Sébastien Loeb, who was only competing in 4 rallies in what was due to be his final WRC season, whilst teammates Hirvonen and Sordo placed 5th and 3rd. In Sweden, Hirvonen and Sordo both crashed out, and Loeb narrowly missed out on another win as he was denied by fellow Frenchman Ogier in the Volkswagen Polo R WRC. Loeb was absent at Rally Guanajuato México, meanwhile Hirvonen finished second with Sordo in fourth.

During the next rally in Portugal, Sordo clipped a tree that ended his challenge whilst battling with Ogier. Hirvonen inherited a successive 2nd-place finish. The 33rd Rally Argentina would see the return of Loeb, who took a commanding final victory. During the first stage of the Acropolis rally, Hirvonen's steering rack failed and came loose resulting in Sordo leading a lone challenge for Citroën, eventually finishing second.

In Sardinia, the team struggled to take the challenge to Volkswagen, Hirvonen's DNF and Sordo's 4th place was a disappointing result. Because of a disappointing first half to the season, the team decided to give Ulsterman Kris Meeke a chance with the third Citroën DS3 WRC in Finland. Sordo finished 5th, and Hirvonen 3rd despite a high speed, 6th gear spin. Meeke was on the pace of the WRC regulars even though he was held up by Qatar World Rally Team's Evgeny Novikov, although his rally ended when he rolled at high speed with only one stage to run. However, his performance left Sordo under pressure to perform to avoid losing his seat with the team.

Hirvonen finished 3rd on tarmac in Germany, his least favourite surface. Sordo was involved in rally long battle with Belgian Thierry Neuville and Finn Jari-Matti Latvala which lasted to the final stage. Sordo held a slim lead, but held on to win his first ever WRC event. It also meant that Citroën were the only team to win ADAC Rallye Deutschland since its addition to the WRC in 2002. Meeke competed in Australia in place of Sordo. Hirvonen had another consistent rally, but dropped from 2nd to 3rd on the final stage due to a puncture. Meeke showed strong pace again only to destroy his car after rolling down a steep bank.

Rallye de France-Alsace was due to be the final rally of Sébastien Loeb's WRC career. The rally would see many different leaders and a rally long battle between Loeb, Sordo, Ogier, Latvala and Neuville. Loeb's rally ended when he rolled the car into trees on the final morning. Sordo came close to another win but missed out to Ogier.

Rally de Catalunya would again see Sordo challenging for victory but the front left suspension broke on his car. Hirvonen managed to finish 3rd on the event. On the final event of the season, Wales Rally GB, recently crowned WRC2 champion and ex-F1 racer Robert Kubica made his WRC car debut with the team. He rolled during the Hafren stage on Friday morning, and subsequently rolled again on the Dyfi stage on Saturday morning. Mikko Hirvonen also had an accident on the Myherin stage which destroyed the car, although he and co-driver Jarmo Lehtinen were uninjured. Sordo had a disappointing final rally for the Citroën Team finishing 7th after a time penalty early on in the event.

2014 season

Norwegian driver Mads Østberg, Kris Meeke from Northern Ireland, and Khalid Al Qassimi from UAE, competed for Citroën in 2014 driving the DS3 WRC.

Citroën Racing finished second in the Championship, collecting eight podiums during the season. It was their first season without a win after 13 successful seasons in a row.

2015 season
Østberg and Meeke continued as factory drivers. Loeb made a guest appearance in the Monte Carlo rally. He challenged Ogier for win at first but punctured his tyre. Also Citroën's protégé Stéphane Lefebvre drove for manufacturer points in Rally Australia, replacing injured Østberg, and he also drove a few rallies in the third factory car. Al-Qassimi drove several races during the season again.

Citroën's best result of the season was Rally Argentina. All three VW drivers retired due to engine problems and Meeke scored his first WRC victory. Østberg finished second and Al-Qassimi scored his season-best sixth place.

After the season, Citroën announced that they would withdraw from the 2016 championship, to use all their resources to developing their 2017 car.

2016 season

In preparation of the 2017 season, Citroën took a sabbatical to develop C3 WRC. Meanwhile, semi-works Abu Dhabi Total WRT participated in eight European rallies. Meeke, who had signed a three-year contract with Citroën, Lefebvre and Al-Qassimi drove some races, as well as Craig Breen.

2017 season

2018 season

2019 season

The car for the 2019 season was a Citroën C3 WRC driven by Sébastien Ogier and Esapekka Lappi with Julien Ingrassia and Janne Ferm as their co-drivers.

At the end of the season, Ogier left the team due to a performance clause in his contract. Citroën announced that they would be leaving the series due to no top-level drivers being available.

Results

Cars
 Citroën Saxo S1600
 Citroën C2 S1600
 Citroën ZX Kit Car
 Citroën Xsara Kit Car
 Citroën Xsara T4/Citroën Xsara WRC
 Citroën C4 WRC
 Citroën DS3 WRC
 Citroën C3 WRC

Gallery

See also
Citroën Junior Team
Qatar World Rally Team

References

External links

Citroën Racing homepage
Citroën at wrc.com

Companies based in Paris-Saclay
World Rally Championship teams
Citroën
Red Bull sports clubs and teams
European Rally Championship teams
World Rallycross Championship teams