The highlight of the 1996–97 St. Louis Blues season was, after losing Wayne Gretzky the Blues were in turmoil as an ugly public feud between Brett Hull and coach Mike Keenan developed. This was the last season until early 2009, that a huge Blue note would appear at center ice.

Offseason
On July 21, Wayne Gretzky's short tenure with the Blues ended when he signed with the New York Rangers as a free agent, rejoining longtime Oilers teammate Mark Messier.

Regular season
The Blues were in turmoil as an ugly public feud between Brett Hull and Coach Mike Keenan developed, as the Blues got off to a slow start. On December 19 the Keenan era would come to a sudden end as he is fired as GM and Coach. Eventually he would be replaced by assistant coach Jim Roberts.

Roberts' stint as interim head coach lasted nine games, as the team would hire Colorado Avalanche assistant coach Joel Quenneville to serve as the team's head coach. The change worked with Quenneville behind the bench as the Blues recovered and made the playoffs for the 18th straight season with a 36–35–11 record. However, once again the Blues would make a quick exit in the playoffs as they are beaten by the Detroit Red Wings in 6 games.

Final standings

Playoffs
The Blues lost 4 games to 2 to the Detroit Red Wings in the first round.

Schedule and results

Regular season

|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|1||W||October 4, 1996||4–2 || align="left"|  Colorado Avalanche (1996–97) ||1–0–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|2||L||October 6, 1996||1–4 || align="left"|  Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||1–1–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|3||W||October 9, 1996||3–1 || align="left"| @ Calgary Flames (1996–97) ||2–1–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|4||W||October 11, 1996||3–1 || align="left"| @ Edmonton Oilers (1996–97) ||3–1–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|5||L||October 12, 1996||3–5 || align="left"| @ Vancouver Canucks (1996–97) ||3–2–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|6||W||October 17, 1996||6–1 || align="left"|  Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||4–2–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|7||L||October 18, 1996||1–2 || align="left"| @ New York Rangers (1996–97) ||4–3–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|8||L||October 20, 1996||2–3 || align="left"|  San Jose Sharks (1996–97) ||4–4–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|9||W||October 22, 1996||2–1 || align="left"| @ Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||5–4–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|10||L||October 24, 1996||4–6 || align="left"| @ Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||5–5–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|11||L||October 26, 1996||4–6 || align="left"|  Washington Capitals (1996–97) ||5–6–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|12||L||October 30, 1996||3–6 || align="left"| @ Colorado Avalanche (1996–97) ||5–7–0 ||
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|13||L||November 1, 1996||2–4 || align="left"|  Buffalo Sabres (1996–97) ||5–8–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|14||W||November 3, 1996||6–3 || align="left"|  Dallas Stars (1996–97) ||6–8–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|15||L||November 5, 1996||3–6 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||6–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|16||W||November 8, 1996||4–2 || align="left"| @ Vancouver Canucks (1996–97) ||7–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|17||W||November 9, 1996||3–2 || align="left"| @ Calgary Flames (1996–97) ||8–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|18||W||November 14, 1996||5–3 || align="left"|  Tampa Bay Lightning (1996–97) ||9–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|19||W||November 16, 1996||2–0 || align="left"|  Calgary Flames (1996–97) ||10–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|20||W||November 17, 1996||4–2 || align="left"|  Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1996–97) ||11–9–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|21||L||November 19, 1996||2–4 || align="left"| @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1996–97) ||11–10–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|22||W||November 21, 1996||4–3 OT|| align="left"|  Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||12–10–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|23||L||November 23, 1996||1–3 || align="left"|  Florida Panthers (1996–97) ||12–11–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|24||W||November 27, 1996||3–2 || align="left"| @ Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1996–97) ||13–11–0 ||
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|25||L||December 1, 1996||3–4 || align="left"|  San Jose Sharks (1996–97) ||13–12–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|26||L||December 3, 1996||0–2 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||13–13–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|27||L||December 5, 1996||0–3 || align="left"|  Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||13–14–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|28||W||December 6, 1996||4–3 || align="left"| @ Colorado Avalanche (1996–97) ||14–14–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|29||W||December 8, 1996||3–2 || align="left"| @ Edmonton Oilers (1996–97) ||15–14–0 ||
|- align="center"
|30||T||December 11, 1996||5–5 OT|| align="left"| @ Dallas Stars (1996–97) ||15–14–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|31||L||December 13, 1996||1–4 || align="left"|  Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||15–15–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|32||L||December 15, 1996||0–8 || align="left"|  Vancouver Canucks (1996–97) ||15–16–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|33||L||December 17, 1996||3–5 || align="left"| @ Hartford Whalers (1996–97) ||15–17–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|34||L||December 19, 1996||0–4 || align="left"|  Pittsburgh Penguins (1996–97) ||15–18–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|35||L||December 21, 1996||0–4 || align="left"| @ Philadelphia Flyers (1996–97) ||15–19–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|36||W||December 22, 1996||7–4 || align="left"|  Los Angeles Kings (1996–97) ||16–19–1 ||
|- align="center"
|37||T||December 26, 1996||4–4 OT|| align="left"| @ Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||16–19–2 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|38||L||December 27, 1996||2–3 || align="left"|  Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||16–20–2 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|39||W||December 29, 1996||4–2 || align="left"|  Boston Bruins (1996–97) ||17–20–2 ||
|-

|- align="center"
|40||T||January 2, 1997||2–2 OT|| align="left"|  Montreal Canadiens (1996–97) ||17–20–3 ||
|- align="center"
|41||T||January 3, 1997||2–2 OT|| align="left"| @ Buffalo Sabres (1996–97) ||17–20–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|42||W||January 5, 1997||5–3 || align="left"| @ New Jersey Devils (1996–97) ||18–20–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|43||L||January 7, 1997||2–5 || align="left"|  Edmonton Oilers (1996–97) ||18–21–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|44||W||January 9, 1997||4–3 || align="left"| @ San Jose Sharks (1996–97) ||19–21–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|45||L||January 11, 1997||1–2 || align="left"| @ Los Angeles Kings (1996–97) ||19–22–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|46||W||January 15, 1997||4–1 || align="left"| @ Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||20–22–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|47||W||January 20, 1997||6–4 || align="left"| @ New York Islanders (1996–97) ||21–22–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|48||W||January 23, 1997||4–3 || align="left"|  Vancouver Canucks (1996–97) ||22–22–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|49||W||January 25, 1997||8–1 || align="left"| @ Montreal Canadiens (1996–97) ||23–22–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|50||L||January 27, 1997||1–4 || align="left"|  Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1996–97) ||23–23–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|51||W||January 29, 1997||4–0 || align="left"| @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||24–23–4 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|52||W||January 30, 1997||5–2 || align="left"| @ Ottawa Senators (1996–97) ||25–23–4 ||
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|53||L||February 1, 1997||1–4 || align="left"|  Detroit Red Wings (1996–97) ||25–24–4 ||
|- align="center"
|54||T||February 4, 1997||1–1 OT|| align="left"| @ Detroit Red Wings (1996–97) ||25–24–5 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|55||W||February 6, 1997||6–4 || align="left"|  Dallas Stars (1996–97) ||26–24–5 ||
|- align="center"
|56||T||February 8, 1997||3–3 OT|| align="left"| @ Boston Bruins (1996–97) ||26–24–6 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|57||L||February 10, 1997||2–4 || align="left"|  Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||26–25–6 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|58||W||February 13, 1997||4–1 || align="left"|  New York Rangers (1996–97) ||27–25–6 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|59||L||February 15, 1997||2–5 || align="left"|  Colorado Avalanche (1996–97) ||27–26–6 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|60||W||February 17, 1997||4–2 || align="left"|  Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||28–26–6 ||
|- align="center"
|61||T||February 20, 1997||1–1 OT|| align="left"|  Ottawa Senators (1996–97) ||28–26–7 ||
|- align="center"
|62||T||February 22, 1997||2–2 OT|| align="left"|  Detroit Red Wings (1996–97) ||28–26–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|63||L||February 23, 1997||3–5 || align="left"|  Calgary Flames (1996–97) ||28–27–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|64||L||February 25, 1997||2–3 || align="left"| @ Tampa Bay Lightning (1996–97) ||28–28–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|65||L||February 27, 1997||2–3 OT|| align="left"| @ Florida Panthers (1996–97) ||28–29–8 ||
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|66||L||March 5, 1997||2–3 || align="left"| @ Dallas Stars (1996–97) ||28–30–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|67||L||March 9, 1997||1–4 || align="left"|  Edmonton Oilers (1996–97) ||28–31–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|68||W||March 11, 1997||4–3 || align="left"| @ San Jose Sharks (1996–97) ||29–31–8 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|69||W||March 13, 1997||4–2 || align="left"| @ Los Angeles Kings (1996–97) ||30–31–8 ||
|- align="center"
|70||T||March 14, 1997||4–4 OT|| align="left"| @ Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (1996–97) ||30–31–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|71||L||March 17, 1997||2–3 || align="left"| @ Phoenix Coyotes (1996–97) ||30–32–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|72||W||March 20, 1997||4–1 || align="left"|  Hartford Whalers (1996–97) ||31–32–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|73||L||March 23, 1997||1–4 || align="left"|  Dallas Stars (1996–97) ||31–33–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|74||L||March 25, 1997||2–3 || align="left"| @ Washington Capitals (1996–97) ||31–34–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|75||W||March 27, 1997||2–1 || align="left"|  Los Angeles Kings (1996–97) ||32–34–9 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|76||W||March 30, 1997||3–2 || align="left"|  Philadelphia Flyers (1996–97) ||33–34–9 ||
|-

|- align="center"
|77||T||April 1, 1997||1–1 OT|| align="left"| @ Detroit Red Wings (1996–97) ||33–34–10 ||
|- align="center"
|78||T||April 3, 1997||5–5 OT|| align="left"|  New York Islanders (1996–97) ||33–34–11 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
|79||L||April 6, 1997||0–2 || align="left"|  New Jersey Devils (1996–97) ||33–35–11 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|80||W||April 9, 1997||1–0 || align="left"| @ Chicago Blackhawks (1996–97) ||34–35–11 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|81||W||April 10, 1997||5–1 || align="left"|  Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–97) ||35–35–11 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|82||W||April 13, 1997||3–1 || align="left"| @ Detroit Red Wings (1996–97) ||36–35–11 ||
|-

|-
| Legend:

Playoffs

|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1 ||W|| April 16, 1997 || 2–0 || align="left"|@ Detroit Red Wings || Blues lead 1–0 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2 ||L|| April 18, 1997 || 1–2 || align="left"|@ Detroit Red Wings || Series tied 1–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 3 ||L|| April 20, 1997 || 2–3 || align="left"| Detroit Red Wings || Red Wings lead 2–1 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 4 ||W|| April 22, 1997 || 4–0 || align="left"| Detroit Red Wings || Series tied 2–2 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 5 ||L|| April 25, 1997 || 2–5 || align="left"|@ Detroit Red Wings || Red Wings lead 3–2 ||
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 6 ||L|| April 27, 1997 || 1–3 || align="left"| Detroit Red Wings || Red Wings win 4–2 ||
|-

|-
| Legend:

Player statistics

Scoring
 Position abbreviations: C = Center; D = Defense; G = Goaltender; LW = Left wing; RW = Right wing
  = Joined team via a transaction (e.g., trade, waivers, signing) during the season. Stats reflect time with the Blues only.
  = Left team via a transaction (e.g., trade, waivers, release) during the season. Stats reflect time with the Blues only.

Goaltending

Awards and records

Awards

Draft picks
St. Louis's draft picks at the 1996 NHL Entry Draft held at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri.

See also
 1996–97 NHL season

Notes

References

S
S
St. Louis Blues seasons
St
St


Coglio is a village and former municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1237 as Cono.

The municipality had 100 inhabitants in 1591, which went up and down to 122 in 1719, 94 in 1801, 195 in 1850, 135 in 1900 and 73 in 1950. It then increased somewhat to 96 in 2000 and 99 in 2003. The municipality had an area of 9.55 km².

In 2004 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Maggia.

References

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Ticino


Johan Hübner von Holst (22 August 1881 – 13 June 1945) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1906, 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1906 he won the silver medal in the 30 metre duelling pistol event. He also participated in the following events:

 25 m rapid fire pistol – fifth place
 50 m pistol – tenth place
 20 m duelling pistol – 19th place
 25 m army pistol (standard model) – 21st place
 Free rifle, free position – 25th place
 300 m army rifle – 26th place

Two years later he was a member of the Swedish team which won the silver medal in the team small-bore rifle competition. He also participated in the following events:

 Team pistol – fifth place
 disappearing target small-bore rifle – 15th place
 moving target small-bore rifle – 15th place
 stationary target small-bore rifle – 18th place
 individual pistol – 27th place

At the 1912 Summer Olympics he won two gold, one silver, and one bronze medal. He also finished ninth in the 50 m rifle, prone event.

In 1914 Hübner von Holst competed in the Baltic Games in Malmö and won five gold and one bronze medal. He was a son of Lord Chamberlain Johan Gustaf von Holst and a captain in the Swedish army.

References

External links

1881 births
1945 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1906 Intercalated Games
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1906 Intercalated Games
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sport shooters from Stockholm


Don J. Snyder (born 1950, Pennsylvania) is an American novelist and screenwriter.

Life

In the beginning, Snyder locked himself in rooms for twelve years, teaching himself how to write luminous sentences about love and loss, in a world where all we ever really have in common are the ways we can be broken. He dreamed his books would be published by the illustrious publishing houses of New York City-- a million miles away. "I wanted this so badly that if someone had said, 'Okay, cut off your right arm and we'll make your dream real.' I would have said, No, thanks. But you can cut off my left. All I wanted was to become a novelist. Because I believed that people can buy what they WANT at the mall or on line. And even what they NEED. But not what THEY LONG FOR. They long for meaning. And that's where serious writers come in. They deliver meaning to people.” When he was 27 Snyder worked for a newspaper up north on the coast of Maine. There was a blizzard tearing through the town his second day on the job. The light on his desk was the only light on in town. He saw a man walking through the storm, straight to his door.  In that moment, he felt his life begin to turn. "The stranger kicked the snow off his boots and said he had a story to tell me. But I was called away and I asked him to come back the next day. On his way to see me, he dropped dead in the snow. I wrote his obituary. His widow told me that he was a soldier and a POW in the Korean War who the Army sent to prison as a traitor. All his life he claimed he was innocent and his wife believed him. Now she asked me if I could find the truth." It took Snyder 6 years to research and write the story that proved the soldier's innocence in his first published book, A SOLDIER'S DISGRACE, that took him to Hollywood when Paramount Pictures purchased the film rights. "I had dreamed of bringing some peace to this soldier's widow. I had fought the FBI and the United States Army for six years who always insisted that the soldier's records had been destroyed in a fire.  I found them. But the price was high." That book and the first chapters of a novel earned his passage into the Iowa Writers Workshop where he won their most prestigious fellowship. "Iowa City is where Colleen and I lived together after eloping in England. It is where our first baby was born. It is the place where I stood on the front steps of the Iowa Memorial Union under a sky swept with stars, with Colin Harrison, as we took the pledge to spend our lives writing books that deprived the world of some of its loneliness and its indifference no matter what this might cost us." Iowa led to two novels published in New York in the next two years, a James A. Michener fellowship, and a year teaching writing at Colby College where his second daughter was born, before Snyder took his family to Ireland. "In County Wicklow all we had was each other. We lived on love and air and heartbreaking beauty, among generous people who were all as poor as we were. We belonged to an aristocracy of beggars. Perfect for a writer who is always begging God or the stars to give him the story, begging for the sentences to tell the story, begging for the strength to write the story well enough, begging for someone to publish the story with a certain measure of dignity so you can support your family, begging for people to read the story. Soon we had four children all under the age of seven and during that time I began awaking at 4 am to write in bed beside Colleen and the babies, a habit I would continue for the rest of my writing life, long after these babies had grown up and left home. Writing from darkness into light and growing more and more certain that if you have been loved by a girl who pours her desire upon you and places one stunning baby after another in your arms, you have shared the sacred time, and been granted immortality." For the rest of his life, those years with babies inspired his work. "We owned nothing, but we were rich. My daughters were twelve, fourteen and sixteen when Hollywood turned a screenplay of mine into a movie and I took them to Beverly Hills to buy them the first nice dresses I could afford. I was 50 years old. I always tell young writers that God will watch over them if they never contribute to the violence or the meanness or the shallowness of the world." In 1993 after losing his job as a professor, he and his family were refugees in Maine before he found work on a winter construction crew building a mansion on the coast. "Some mornings it was 26 below zero. It was Colin Harrison who told me I should write about this." It became a cover story for Harper's Magazine and the New York Times Sunday Magazine and a memoir called The Cliff Walk that was published by Little Brown. Disney bought the film rights for a movie and signed Curtis Hansen to direct. "This returned us to Ireland again where I had the privilege of watching my four children walk with their mother through the  little village outside Sligo where her grandmother had left her parents the morning her journey to Elis Island began in 1919." The Cliff Walk landed Snyder on Oprah's stage and soon led him to a remarkable discovery when he learned at age 49 that the only mother he had ever known was actually his stepmother and that own real mother had died just nine months after marrying his father, and sixteen days after giving birth to him and his twin brother in August 1950. "She was nineteen years old. And her name was Peggy. When I learned of this, my father's health was failing, so I set out to research his love story with my mother he had lost so that I might give it back to him at the end of his time. OF TIME & MEMORY, was published by Alfred A. Knopf and was the first book Oprah chose to make into a book video. I learned that my young mother had taken a secret to her grave that only her doctor knew. I found him when he was 78 years old. At first he kept his promise to her and lied to me that she had never been his patient. But in time he told me that he had failed to persuade her to save her life by letting him end the pregnancy. She made this doctor promise that he would never tell anyone that her twin babies had caused her death. She did not want my brother and me to know that we had ended her life. And she did not want her husband to know that she had chosen her unborn babies over him because she feared that if he knew this, he might not be able to be a good father to us." Shattered by her death, his father slept that autumn on her grave. Over the next fourteen years Snyder would write a film adaptation of Of Time & Memory as well as a series under the title-- THE TIME THEY HAD. "I wrote 7 days a week for 14 years about how we never really know the love story that carried us into this world. Those people in the old black and white photographs remain strangers to us all our lives. Which may be why we are often strangers to ourselves. You've seen the same photographs: The young husbands in their crew cuts. The wives in their lipstick and nylon stockings. Their arms around each other, and their eyes bright with passion as if they almost believed that they would go on forever that way, so that at the end of their lives they would not have to wish that they had loved each other better when they had the chance."
Not long after OF TIME & MEMORY was published by Knopf, Snyder was up early writing when he heard on the morning news of a bombing in Northern Ireland in the town of Omagh. "Someone set off the bomb on the day when mothers took their children to the town center to buy their back-to-school uniform. Thirty nine people were  slaughtered. Twenty hours after I heard the news I was walking through the wreckage of the town. The children's patches from their school blazers were scattered through the streets like leaves.I went to 13 funerals, walking in the long processions to the grave yards. I stayed in a hotel for a month and then returned the next year to write a novel set against the backdrop of the bombing. NIGHT CROSSING was published by Knopf in 2001. I fictionalized everything except the name of Avril Monaghan who was killed in the bombing. She was holding the hand of her three year old daughter, and two weeks from delivering the twin girls in her belly. All of them were killed.They buried the four of them together in the only square grave I had ever seen." Three more novels followed but Snyder was finally crippled by his mother's story and the Clinical Depression that had plagued him from the time he was a little boy.  He found peace working two seasons as a caddie in Scotland, preparing to caddie for his son, Jack, on his first pro tour. His book,WALKING WITH JACK, came next. And in 2019, he founded the world's only caddie school for soldiers in St. Andrews, Scotland that helps soldiers rise above the darkness of war that haunts them. Interviewed on the ToDay Show Snyder said, "witnessing the humble nobility of these soldiers and helping them recover the dignity they are entitled to, has been the great privilege of my life."
Snyder's 11th book- THE TIN NOSE SHOP, a novel he worked on for six years, was published by The Legends Press of London in July, 2022 and chosen as a BBC Radio2 Book Club Selection. This novel reveals a last untold story of WWI, about the soldiers who wore masks the rest of their lives to hide their mutilated faces. It opens with these words:  For most of us, it takes a while to realize that we cross lines in our lives. Silent, unmarked borders of time that we pass, as if in our dreams, without ever realizing what we are leaving behind.  We do not see that the matchless nights of being cherished and held close are vanishing even as we live them, and that we are all refugees from one war torn country or another, or from one war torn love story or another.  Time moves so deceptively that we never say, ‘This is the last walk I will take with you along the shore.’ Or ‘This afternoon I carried a child in my arms for the final time.’ Perhaps early this morning while we dressed and put the kettle on, our destiny advanced unwatched.

Literary career
Across the forty years of his writing life, Snyder taught for nine years at Colgate University, Colby College, the University of Maine (in both Orono and Farmington), Columbia College and Western Connecticut State University.  This experience and raising children he has called the great privileges of his life.

Snyder is the author of six novels and four non-fiction books published by Alfred A. Knopf, Little Brown, Random House, Simon & Schuster and Doubleday.

He won a James A. Michener Fellowship for his first novel, Veterans Park.

His work has been translated into nineteen languages and is focused upon the distance between the way we dream our lives will turn out and the way they do.

He wrote the 2003 film Fallen Angel, which is based on his novel, and stars Joely Richardson and Gary Sinise.

For the last eighteen years , he has been working on the screenplay adaptation of his book, Of Time & Memory, which was published in 1999 by Alfred A. Knopf and tells the story of his nineteen-year-old mother who died sixteen days after giving birth to him and his twin brother and was kept secret from him all his life.

His work has appeared in The New York Times Sunday Magazine, and Harper's Magazine.

Bibliography
Novels

From the Point (1988)

The Winter Travelers, a novel. publisher= Downeast Books 2012

The Tin Nose Shop, a novel published by The Legends Press in London, July 2022.

Non-fiction

Of time and memory : a mother's story (1999)Alfred A. Knopf.
  (trade paperback)

 Walking With Jack, A father's journey/ publisher=Doubleday/ 2013

External links

donjsnyder.com

References

1950 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American academics
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American academics
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American screenwriters
American expatriate writers in Canada
American expatriates in the Republic of Ireland
American expatriates in Scotland
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
Colby College alumni
Colby College faculty
Colgate University faculty
Columbia University faculty
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Living people
Novelists from Maine
Writers from County Wicklow
People from Saint Andrews, New Brunswick
Screenwriters from Maine
University of Maine faculty
Writers from Bangor, Maine


Jamie O'Hara may refer to:
Jamie O'Hara (footballer) (born 1986), English footballer
Jamie O'Hara (singer) (1950–2021), American country singer
Jamie O'Hara (actress), American actress

See also
James O'Hara (disambiguation)


Attheya decora is a species of diatoms in the genus Attheya. Type material was collected from Cresswell sands, Northumberland by Mr. Atthey.

References

External links
INA card
Link to picture of Attheya decora

Species described in 1860
Coscinodiscophyceae


Kenneth Shaw Wriedt (11 July 192718 October 2010) was an Australian politician and leader of the Tasmanian branch of the Australian Labor Party.

Wriedt was born in Melbourne, of Danish ancestry.  His early life included time spent as a seaman. He was elected as an Australian Labor Party Senator for Tasmania at the 1967 Senate election.

When the Whitlam government won office at the December 1972 election, Wriedt (associated with the ALP's right wing) became Minister for Primary Industry.  In June 1974 his portfolio was renamed Agriculture.  On 14 October 1975, Rex Connor was obliged to resign as Minister for Minerals and Energy, as a result of the Loans Affair, and Wriedt was appointed in his place. Nevertheless, he served less than a month before the Whitlam government was dismissed on 11 November.  Wriedt remained in the Senate until his resignation in September 1980 to contest the House of Representatives seat of Denison at the 1980 federal election; he was defeated by sitting Liberal MP Michael Hodgman.

At the 1982 Tasmanian state election, Wriedt won a seat in the Tasmanian House of Assembly representing Franklin.  He was Leader of the Opposition from 1982 to 1986.  At the 1986 state election, Wriedt was unable to defeat the incumbent Liberal government of Robin Gray; Labor actually suffered a small swing.  He resigned as leader after the election, the first state Labor leader in more than half a century to have never served as Premier of Tasmania. He was a minister from 1989 to 1990 in the minority government led by Michael Field.  In October 1990 he retired from parliament.  He was the father of a subsequent Tasmanian House of Assembly member, Paula Wriedt.

References

1927 births
2010 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Tasmania
1975 Australian constitutional crisis
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Australian people of Danish descent
Leaders of the Opposition in Tasmania
20th-century Australian politicians


Bernes () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Bernes is situated on the junction of the D15 and D87 roads, some  northwest of Saint-Quentin.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

External links

 Site dedicated to Bernes Places and People (English)

Communes of Somme (department)


The cinema of Kenya refers to the film industry of Kenya. Although a very small industry by western comparison, Kenya has produced or been a location for film since the early 1950s when Men Against the Sun was filmed in 1952. Although, in the United States, jungle epics that were set in the country were shot in Hollywood as early as the 1940s.

Kenyan cinema
Rather than featured films with fictional content, Kenya has mostly produced documentary films often relating the conditions of the people and poverty in the main cities of Kenya. Since 2000 feature films on DV technology production have increased in the country. They include Dangerous Affair, Project Daddy, and Money & the Cross by Njeri Karago, Babu's Babies by Christine Bala, Naliaka is Going by Albert Wandago, The Price of a Daughter and Behind Closed Doors by Jane Murago-Munene, The Green Card by Brutus Sirucha, Malooned by Bob Nyanja, The Great Betrayal by Ingolo wa Keya, All Girls Together by Cajetan Boy, Help by Robert Bresson and From a Whisper by Wanuri Kahiu, and Jitu Films movies: Mob Doc, R2 Security, Zeinabu Rudi Nyumbani, Chasing Moses, Selfish, Me, My Wife and Her Guru, Grave Yard and Through Hell; and The Hammer by Cezmiq Cast, and the banned horror film Otto the Bloodbath.

Feature films before 2000 include The Battle of the Sacred Tree (1995) by Wanjiru Kinyanjui which won several awards (OCIC and the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame award in the US), 'Saikati' (1992) and 'Saikati Enkabaani' (1998) by Anne Mungai, The Married Bachelor (1997) by Ingolo wa Keya and Kolor Mask by Sao Gamba. Numerous short fictions are also on the increase such as The Baisikol(1997) by Ingolo wa Keya, Ras Star by Wanuri Kahiu, Subira by Kenya-based Indian film director Ravneet Sippy Chadha, Life in D Major by Angelo Kinyua, and Extracts of Me by William Owusu.

Other low-budget independent filmmakers using digital technology to shoot their films and sell them locally on DVD and VCD format have spawned the Riverwood Industry. Though it originally takes its name from River-road, the busy street where music tapes and electronics are sold, Riverwood is fast capturing the attention of the mainstream TV stations and pan-African broadcasters. Mburu Kimani's The Race earned an award at the inaugural Kalasha Awards (Kenya's TV and Film Awards) for "Best Riverwood Film". Other films in this genre include Simiyu Barasa's Toto Millionaire (2007), and numerous other vernacular films like Kihenjo and Machangi.

Films such as 2006's I Want to Be a Pilot relates an emotional tale of a young boy living in poverty in Nairobi who has dreams and aspirations of becoming an airline pilot and being set free from his life of hardship.

In 2007 Vivid features, a big Kenyan Media house, decided to diversify from their traditional services and venture into local feature film production. During this time Vivid managed to produce 24 Kenyan feature films under the name of Jitu Films with different directors such as Alexandros Konstantaras, Evelyn Kahungu and Hawa Essuman. Jitu tried to help to create a dependable market for Kenyan films by helping developing a cinema going and a DVD buying culture for local Kenyan films as well as reaching other audiences outside Africa. To beat piracy Jitu has their original DVDs on sale only for under a dollar in all big Supermarkets and shops . The DVDs are original high standard quality with extra menus with other film trailers, etc.
In 2010 Jitu Film's Otto: the Blood Bath earned its reputation not only by being the first Kenyan Horror movie being banned the last years by the Kenyan Censorship Board as "Too horrific even to an adult" but by winning the first prize as the Best East African Film in the last edition of the Rwanda Film Festival.

Film such as 2010's Togetherness Supreme, a fictional feature film by Nathan Collett have received national and international attention for revealing some of issues affecting Kenyan society. Togetherness Supreme tells the story of Kamau, an artist, who uses his talent to promote change in Kibera, and is a story of love, conflict, and ultimately, of reconciliation.

Kibera Kid directed by Kenya-based director Nathan Collett is a short twelve-minute film which covers themes of crime and poverty in the slums of Kibera, Nairobi and also morality as the young protagonist must make a choice between living with a gang of thieves or living a life free of crime. The story is fictional but the circumstances and reality depicted are not. The film received seven international awards and received attention at various film festivals worldwide including the Berlin Film Festival and it was accoladed with a Student Emmy in Hollywood. It has been profiled by BBC, Reuters, Al Jazeera English and many others.
Other than this directors such as Collett have shot other short films such as The Oath, a 2005 historical short set in the 1950s during the Mau Mau uprising under the British colonialism in Kenya. It portrays the struggle between two brothers on opposite sides of the conflict. Many of the actors used in the film were descendants of Kenyan freedom fighters.

Whilst the number of films shot in the country has increased in recent years, the country lacks the financial resources and investment needed to produce larger scale feature films and employ professional actors. It is far behind other African film producers such as South Africa and Egypt who have been producing feature films since the early twentieth century.

Government promotion of film making
The Kenyan government has made a conscious effort to develop Kenyan cinema as an industry, and in 2005 the government helped establish the Kenya Film Commission (KFC) which came into operation in mid-2006.
The Kenya Film Commission aims to promote the industry not only within the country but to raise international awareness and interest from potential investors. The commission falls under the Ministry of Information and Communication that is headed by Samuel Poghisio. It supports the Kenyan film industry by providing facilities for screenings and filming and organising various workshops to educate local film-makers seeking to enter film production. It is also responsible for advising on licensing and immigration; as well as facilitate the filming process for film makers. The commission is also establishing a database that will list film directors, producers, agents, local talent, stakeholders and service providers to raise the profile of the Kenyan film industry.

In 2012 the Ministry of Education introduced film production in schools, colleges and universities drama festival.  This project coordinated by Dr. Simon Peter Otieno of the department of Literature, University of Nairobi saw schools, colleges and universities attempt film-making in the festival.  In 2012 the films Conflicted Successions by the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication, Time by Elimu Academy, A Time to Cry by Chogoria Girls' High School, Benji by Lions Primary School, Flashback by Karima Girls' high school, The First Drop by Kayole One Primary School, A Story is Told by Nyagatugu Boys' High School, Angel by Kakamega High School, The Contest by Kenya High School, Anne-Brittah by Bulimbo Girls' High School, Dreams of Tomorrow by OLM Mugoiri Girls' High School, Last Friday at Ten by Gitwe Girls' High School and Pressure Points by Menengai High School were major highlights.  Being the first year of the festival the quality of productions was surprisingly high.  A few of the presentations were experimental and lacked the technical quality.

2013 saw what would be arguably the second Science Fiction story in Kenya after Pumzi (2010).  This was a film titled Messenger by Rwathia Girls' High School that presented a story of an alien that steals the identity of a form one student.  Other highlights in the secondary school category included A Rose for Salome by Chogoria Girls' High School, The Red Rose by Nyagatugu Boys' High School, A Letter to Auntie by TumuTumu Girls' High School, Sins and Scenes by Our Lady of Mercy Mugoiri Girls' high School, Black Rose by St. Annes Secondary School Lioki, The Portrait by Kangubiri Girls' High School, Tumours of Bitterness by Othaya Boys' High School and Kosa La Mwisho by Kajembe High School.

The primary school category saw the screening of Words by Elimu Academy. In the colleges and universities category the film to mention was Remember the Name by the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication, Love Taken to a Mysterious Place by United States International University, The Twist by Mount Kenya University,

Let's Play Pretend by Moi University. In a bid to promote participation in this new genre in the drama and film festival, the Ministry of Education introduced genres like documentary, cinematic poetry, screen-narrative, screen-dance and adverts.  In 2013 many Early Childhood institutions participated in the screen poetry category. The screen-dance was presented by Kangubiri Girls' High School, Kayole One Primary School and Nkamathi Primary School.

The interest developed in learning institutions was very high with the number of film/video productions going up yearly. The productions though experimental in many respects have attained the professional quality.  In 2014 there were 16 entries in the annual Kalasha Film and Television awards which were rated very well by the judges but the schools and students were never awarded appropriately because of a shortage of enough funds for the event.  Some of the themes have been bold and very enterprising, including successful venture into sci-fi.  A list of quality films featured between 2013 and 2014 is as in the table wiki table 1 on the right side of this page:

In 2014 the secondary school category was won by Kangubiri Girls' High School with the film titled Bury My Bones But Keep My Words (A story about a girl who was warned by her mother not to take free gifts as she headed out to high school but who encounters a gift she cannot resist; of attaining supernatural powers).  The Universities films had United States International University and the University of Nairobi winning top awards.  The University of Nairobi produced a film titled The Epitaph (A story about a traumatised girl who is in campus but who cannot forget that she lost her brother in a violent students' strike in high school in which she participated unwillingly).

The primary schools were led by Elimu Academy that won top honours with their film Maya which was a true story featuring how several pupils of a school died on the road due to neglect by the school administration.  Nairobi Primary School had a very well done documentary on the school.  St. Eugene's Primary School from western Kenya also presented another winning documentary titled Future Between the Rocks featuring how the pupils in the school face challenges of poverty by making the difficult choice of either going to school or going to break rock in a nearby quarry to get money for their poor families.  Kayole One Primary School produced an interesting screen dance titled Mutuku about a child who is enticed to drugs but who comes back to his senses and returns to excel in school.

In 2015 the institutions that featured broadcast quality films/videos were as in the table wiki table 2 on the right side of this page:

Many institutions participated in 2015 in the festival that was held in Nakuru town at Menengai High School.  The total number of films was 152 but a majority were experimentations that needed a lot of skilled input.  The few mentioned above were more or less ones that had considerable good quality in shooting, acting and editing.  This pointed at the need to give more workshops to the teachers to equip them more for film/video production.

Very remarkable in this venture is the film production by Early Childhood Learning centers also known as ECDs.  These are institutions that admit children of the pre-school going ages between 4 years and 6 years.  Nairobi county has always had more participation by ECD centers since the inception of film in the schools' programme.  The children and their teachers were to produce a video poem recited by the children and the attempts were very exciting. Our Lady of Mercy ECD center produced Teacher Makasi a film about a child who does not understand why her teacher marks her mathematics wrong when she adds 1+1 and gets 11.

Kamandura Girls' High School stole the viewers hearts with a witty script titled Anti-Dre which won many awards including the overall winning film.  It is the story of a drug peddler who is employed as a teacher in a school.  He finds fertile ground to do his business among the students until events catch up with him.  Moi Nairobi Girls' High School produced a film No Behaviour about a girl who is befriended by a young man, made pregnant and dumped.  Rwathia Girls' High School came up with yet another science fiction film Guardian Angel of an angel who assumes human identity to come and save a girl from her evil habits.  Kiaguthu Boys' High School, being among the few boy-schools that ventured into film production explored the rights of the boy-child in The Intricacies of a Boy Child.  In the short film category of the oral narrative genre Loreto Msongari Girls' High School amused the viewers with Dabo Tap, a story about a girl who dates a man in the social media only to realize it is her high school teacher.  The category of the screen dance which is akin to music video was still an uphill task and the films presented were weak in production skills.  The documentary was also very weak with few skilled productions.

In 2015 the quality of primary school production was very low.  Due to the government policy of free primary education many public schools were not funded by the parents and therefore lacked funds to produce video/films or even effectively participate in the annual drama festival.  The winning film by Gilgil Hills Academy, Flips of Darkness was about the rights of disabled children.  This was arguably the only feature film that did not raise many queries in terms of skill and production.  New entrants Nyaka Njeru Primary School, a public school from the highlands region of Meru produced an interesting documentary titled Cactus about the difficulty the school experiences.

In the colleges category the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication dominated with quality productions.  The college teaches film production and broadcast journalism.  Their most remarkable film in the year was their documentary titled Omurogi that explored the practice of witchcraft in Kisii county (region around Lake Victoria).  Even though very few colleges participated in film/video production with Asumbi Teachers College being a sole participant among the teachers' colleges.

A handful of universities participated with St. Pauls' University producing a thriller action-packed film titled My Testimony about crime and drugs.  Moi University, which had consistently participated since 2013 produced Cycle 28 a story about difficulties and intrigues of relationships in campus life.

In 2016 the festival was in Meru School in Meru county where the participation increased with an entry of 218 films.  This necessitated that the film halls be increased from one to two so as to manage the load within the given ten days.  Because the high schools had the highest entries they were accorded one hall while the next hall was for primary schools, colleges and universities.  This however brought another challenge of content.  The colleges films tended to have adult content that is unsuitable for the children which the managing committee promised to address the following year.

Remarkably though, the standards of films in 2016 was amazingly high.  This was evidence that the workshops to train teachers on film skills held at State House Girls' High School in Nairobi had borne fruit.  The secondary category was very competitive with schools effectively going for the top awards.  Kangubiri Girls' High School had a winning thriller Science fiction story titled The Return to Planet Earth.  The story is about a generation of African children who were evacuated to a planet in the Andromeda galaxy before the third world war broke out.  Four hundred years into the future their great-grandchildren, who are at the time very advanced in technology return to learn from the unfortunate planet.   State House Girls' High School produced The Principal's Daughter a story about a girl who is bashed by teachers, students and even workers because she is the principal's daughter which leads her to joining a clandestine underground movement.  Kagumo High School was judged the best boys' school coming third with a film Fire of Passion that explored how parent's irresponsibility can lead to distracting the child's attention at school.

The documentaries were much improved with Maryhill Girls' High School taking the top judges award with The Unspoken a film about how sexual abuse affects the girl child.  Many institutions invested well in the documentary.  The screen dance and the screen choral verse were however weak needed more skilled input.

The primary schools improved in 2016.  Elimu Academy won top honours with their film Tamasha about the pain of a girl whose father, a soldier, has to go to Somalia for peace-keeping.  Rockside Academy explored the effect of absent parents on children in Absent Again.  Kayole One Primary School produced Unknown Angels about a child who is poor in mathematics but who is taught the secrets of mathematics by two unknown boys who happen to be angels.

The colleges and universities had a low turnout in 2016.  Asumbi Teachers' College, Tambach Teachers' Training College, Machakos Teachers' Training College and Shanzu Teachers' College dominated the teacher's colleges with good quality films.

Among the tertiary colleges Kenya Institute of Mass Communication and Mombasa Aviation college dominated.

The universities posted acceptable standards with Moi university, Maseno university, Mount Kenya university and the University of Nairobi presenting films.  The full list of all the institutions that participated are in wiki table 3 and 4 on the right side of this page :
(Secondary School films)

 (ECD centers, Primary Schools, Colleges and Universities)
(ECDs – Early Childhood Centers)

The Ministry of Education is currently exploring possibilities of distributing the films by professional companies in the Kenyan market.  The management committee also launched a film magazine, The Edufilmer, which is in circulation in schools through the University of Nairobi.

Although film is the latest genre in the drama festival, it is set to influence largely the playing field in the professional arena in Kenyan cinema. The Kenyan film scene has many experts who learnt on the job through visiting production houses from outside the country.  This schools film festival gives the opportunity to start nurturing academically schooled film-makers through the thousands of students who get introduced to film production at the school level.  This will definitely be a game changer even going by what these pupils and students have conjured so far in 2016.   Some of the trailers of the schools films can be found at Kenya Schools, Colleges and Universities Films link on YouTube.

In Nairobi the Hot Sun Foundation was established to help train and expose the talents of young people living in the areas of poverty and educate them in filmmaking, acting, script writing, camerawork. The foundation was responsible for producing films such as Kibera Kid.

Films

Selected films
 1981 – Rise and Fall of Idi Amin
 1999 – To Walk with Lions
 2005 – The Constant Gardener
 2006 – I Want to Be a Pilot
 2006 – Kibera Kid
 2008 – From a Whisper
 2009 – Shuga (TV series)
 2010 – The First Grader
 2010 – Pumzi
 2011 – The Rugged Priest
 2012 – Nairobi Half Life
 2013 – Something Necessary
 2014 – House of Lungula
 2014 – Fundi-Mentals
 2014 – Veve
 2015 – Intellectual Scum
 2015 – Mizizi
2018 – Supa Modo
2018 – Rafiki

Film festivals
The Riverwood Academy Awards started with a Premier Gala on 15 March 2014 at Alliance Francais Nairobi Kenya. The event is organised by Riverwood Ensemble, a coming together of over 200 film producers from all over Kenya. The producers are self funded people making 100% homegrown Kenyan Film.

The annual Lola Kenya Screen (also known as Lola Kenya Children's Screen) audiovisual media festival, skill-development programme and market for children and youth in eastern Africa was established by creative and cultural entrepreneur, arts and culture journalist and creative writer Ogova Ondego in October 2005.

Deriving its name from a Bantu language word meaning watch or see films in Kenya, the first edition of the festival was held in Nairobi between 7 and 12 August 2006.
The subsequent editions ran 6–11 August 2007; 11–16 August 2008; 10–15 August 2009; 9–14 August 2010; and 8–13 August 2011; in that order.
Lola Kenya Screen focuses on films by, for and with children and youth where children are given the opportunity to participate in the film selection, programme presentation, film jury, and in the making of short films.

Following the first event in 2006, Films by Children for Children, the first nine-short animation made won the Grand Prize at the 5th World Summit on Media for Children/1st Kids for Kids Africa festival, and went on to be shown in countries such as Germany, Poland, Finland, Kenya, Australia, China, Denmark, and Brazil and other African countries such as South Africa, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Senegal.

The second production, a three-film and three-song compilation titled African Folk Tales Animated, has been shown in all the continents including Oceania and has picked three awards—Most Creative Project, Special Jury Prize, Africa Grand Prize—in Africa and Europe. The third production, Africa-i-Motion, was made in 2008 and is currently on the children and youth film circuit.

The festival gives aspiring children the opportunity to collaborate with international partners and to also educate them in film production, screenplay writing, cinematography, and in the art department and sound production.
Eastern Africa's premier audiovisual media platform for children and youth, Lola Kenya Screen has between August 2006 and August 2011 showcased more than 1950 films from 102 nations representing all the six continents in various genres, formats and lengths. Additionally, Lola Kenya Screen has mentored 154 children and youth in filmmaking, cultural journalism, film judging, MCeeing, television drama production and documentary film production for children and youth.

The 3rd Lola Kenya Screen ( 11–16 August 2008), attracted participation from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, with all participants coming in to watch the wide variety of films from 56 nations and to be equipped with skills for making films, appreciating and judging audiovisual media production, presenting programmes and filing daily reports on the festival.
Lola Kenya Screen was conceived as a movement that uses appropriate and available technologies to deliver audiovisual media content that complements, enhances, entertains and promotes learning among children and youth in the promotion of literacy, gender equity, independent thought, human rights, environmental responsibility and global health.

Through her programmes, Lola Kenya Screen explores, identifies and nurtures creative talent among children and youth in areas such as journalism, film-making, arts appraisal and appreciation, and organisation and presentation of cultural and creative events. This is aimed at equipping children and youth with the skills to understand, appreciate, and create quality audiovisual productions in particular and arts in general.
While the Festival Press is aimed at uplifting the standards of creative and cultural journalism in eastern Africa, the Production Workshop empowers children and youth to make at least five quality, low-budget, moving images per year.

Programme Presentation, as the title suggest, empowers children and youth to organise and present events and programmes. Such children are usually in charge of the programme during the six days of the festival.
The Film Jury, on the other hand, seeks to inculcate in participants skills with which to critically appreciate and appraise creativity in general and film in particular. The jury members watch and award films in competition. The official Lola Kenya Screen Jury consists only of children and youth.
Out of the recognition that unless adults are sensitised into creating for and with children, the aim of putting children and youth on the public agenda could become a cropper, Lola Kenya Screen 2008 also worked with practising filmmakers in the production of documentaries for children and youth.
The 7th Lola Kenya Screen is scheduled for 6–11 August 2012.

Films shot in Kenya

The film Maasai: The Rain Warriors a cinematic epic was shot entirely in Kenya but cast a number of local Maasai warriors who spoke Maa dialogue in the arthouse film. The films relates the story of a group of young Maasai warriors, Lomotoon and Merono sent on a mission to travel through the entirety of Kenya on foot, hunting a mythical lion responsible for bringing about a major drought, and by doing so bringing back the rain. More information here.

The film brought the rural Kenyan landscape to the silver screen and innovatively incorporated traditional Maasai song with a symphony orchestra. It was developed in partnership with the Maasai community, and actual tradition and legends were used as a basis for the story and used tribesmen from the Loita Hills area with no former acting experience.

The film Togetherness Supreme was shot in 2009–2010 entirely in collaboration with the youth of Kibera. It is a story based on the events of the 2007 disputed Presidential election in Kenya. It is the story of Kamau, an artist, who thirsts for change. He uses his art to bring about change, but is soon caught up in the events leading to the post election violence of 2007/8.

The 1985 film, Out of Africa starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford was shot in Kenya and revealed Kenya's colonial history in romantic drama film. It retold the story of Danish author's Karen Blixen's love affair with Kenya and Hunter Denys Finch Hatton in particular. In 1999, the Canadian produced film was shot in Kenya, To Walk with Lions.

The 2012 film Nairobi Half Life was selected as the Kenyan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. It was the first time Kenya submitted a film to the category. The film was received with critical acclaim, and has won five awards to date: Best Picture at the Kenyan 2012 Kalasha Film Awards, Best Actor at the Durban International Film Festival, breakthrough Audience award at the AFI Fest and Audience awards at two different film awards; the Film Africa Festival London and the Festival di Cinema Africano.

References

External links
Kibera Kid official site

Kenya Film Commission
Film licensing in Kenya'''
Riverwood Ensemble
Robby Bresson


Julius Momoh Gulama (born Julius Foday Cole, 1893 – 8 March 1951) was a Sierra Leonean King, statesman and educator in the preindependence era. As King of Kaiyamba Chiefdom, he ruled the largest and most powerful Mende chiefdom in the Sierra Leone.

Gulama was a founding member of two key organizations that worked towards independence for Sierra Leone: the Protectorate Educational Progressive Union (PEPU) and the Sierra Leone Organizational Society (SOS). When Sierra Leone became independent, both organizations merged to form the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP).

He was the father of Ella Koblo Gulama and Komeh Gulama Lansana.

Early life and education
He was born Julius Foday Cole in Moyamba, Moyamba District in the Southern Province of British Sierra Leone to Mende Paramount Chief Momoh Gulama of Kaiyamba Chiefdom and Talla, his Temne wife.

He received his primary school education at the EUB School at Rotifunk and graduated secondary school at Albert Academy in Freetown.

Heir presumptive
It was understood in Moyamba that he would one day succeed his father Momoh Gulama as paramount chief.

Prior to his reign, he taught at Harford School for Girls in Moyamba. He also worked as a ticket master for the Sierra Leone Railway Department and was a clerk in the Kamerun campaign during World War I and a clerk at the Peterson Zochonis firm in Moyamba.

Reign
His reign as paramount chief of Kaiyamba Chiefdom began in 1928. He assumed the regnal name "Julius Momoh Gulama".

Gulama is regarded as one of the Founding Fathers and Mothers of Sierra Leone.

The Sierra Leone Organization Society
Gulama was a founding member of the Sierra Leone Organization Society (SOS), a political association formed with the aim of achieving independence for Sierra Leone. The association consisted of a group of educated protectorate Sierra Leoneans including John Karefa-Smart, Siaka Stevens, J.D.Manley and Doyle Sumner.

Sierra Leone People's Party
In 1951, the Sierra Leone Organization Society (SOS) united with the Protectorate Educational Progressive Union (PEPU) to form the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Gulama was a founding member of the new political party.

It was chaired by Sir Milton Margai and the deputy leader was Chief Bai Farima Tass II.

Public perception and character
Gulama is regarded as one of the Founding Fathers and Mothers of the Sierra Leone People's Party.

His reign was distinguished by his efforts to unite Sierra Leoneans of all ethnic groups together. He was a passionate advocate of education in Sierra Leone and he helped establish the Bo Government School.

Issue

Marriage and family
Gulama was married to Lucy and had three children Samuel, Ella and Komeh. It is the tradition of paramount chief's in Sierra Leone to practice polygamy and have so-called "junior" wives. From Gulama's junior wife, Lunia, he fathered two more daughters Messy and Yebu.

Gulama was progressive and supported gender equality. He promoted education for women and girls in his chiefdom and led by example by having his daughter Ella accompany him to the Council of Chiefs and Protectorate Assembly Meetings.

Ancestry

Further reading
 Momoh Gulama
 Lucy Gulama
 Ella Koblo Gulama
 Komeh Gulama Lansana
 David Lansana

External links
The life and Times of Honourable PC Madam Ella Koblo Gulama of Sierra Leone  By Awareness Times, September 26, 2006
Tribute to the Honourable PC Ella Koblo Gulama, Sierra Connection
Women Leaders In Africa

References

1956 deaths
African royalty
Sierra Leonean nobility
Sierra Leonean royalty
Sierra Leone People's Party politicians
1893 births
People from Moyamba District


Frans-Albert Vaksal Schartau (13 July 1877 – 6 June 1943) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1908 and the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908 he was a member of the Swedish team that won the silver medal in the team small-bore rifle competition. He also took part in the following events:
 Team pistol – fifth place
 disappearing target small-bore rifle – ninth place
 moving target small-bore rifle – did not finish
 individual pistol – 18th place

In 1912 he finished 18th in the 30 metre rapid fire pistol event.

References

1877 births
1943 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Swedish Army officers
People from Kristianstad Municipality
Sportspeople from Skåne County
19th-century Swedish people
20th-century Swedish people


The Vestmarka Line () is an abandoned railway between Skotterud and Vestmarka in Eidskog, Norway. The line was 14.3 kilometers long and opened on 15 October 1918. The line was the first railway in Norway to close to passengers, on 3 January 1931. Freight transport between Buåa and Vestmarka was terminated on 15 February 1961 and the line completely terminated on 1 June 1965.

External links
Jernbane.net about Vestmarkabanen

Railway lines in Innlandet
Railway lines opened in 1918
1918 establishments in Norway


Elisabeth 'Liesbeth' Tuijnman is the current mayor of the municipality of Overbetuwe in the Netherlands. She obtained the equivalent of a bachelor's degree in education. Before becoming mayor of Overbetuwe, she had served as mayor to the rural community of Norg, Papendrecht and Sandebuur. Mayor Tuijnman is a member of the liberal conservative People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.

References
 Expositie Elisabeth Tuijnman, Blixem Winkel Lunchcafé

External links
 Mayor Liesbeth Tuijnman (with photo), municipality of Overbetuwe

1943 births
Living people
Dutch civil servants
Dutch women civil servants
Mayors in Gelderland
People from Overbetuwe
Mayors in South Holland
People from Papendrecht
People from Middelburg, Zeeland
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Women mayors of places in the Netherlands


Hazelbury is a former village in the civil parish of Box, Wiltshire, England. It was about  southeast of the present-day village of Box and  south-west of the town of Corsham.

There was a Roman villa. Hazelbury was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Haseberie, with 25 households and a church. The church fell into disuse before 1540. In the 1872 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, Hazelbury is described as "once was a parish; and it still ranks as a rectory in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol". The name is spelled Hasilbury in a 1900 book.

Chapel Plaister, an ancient roadside church and hospice for pilgrims which still stands about half a mile to the south-east, was dependent on Hazelbury church.

The extinction of the village probably followed the Black Death pandemic. Today only Hazelbury Manor survives: a 15th-century Grade I listed building in grounds of .

References

Box, Wiltshire
Former populated places in Wiltshire


Franex is a village and former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1242 as Frasnei.

The municipality had 84 inhabitants in 1811, which increased to 131 in 1850. It then declined to 115 in 1900, 110 in 1950 and 46 in 1990.

In 1992 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Murist.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
Villages in the canton of Fribourg


General elections were held in Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate in May 1957. A total of 39 seats were up for election, whilst another 12 paramount chiefs were indirectly elected.

The Sierra Leone People's Party led by Milton Margai won a majority of the elected seats, and gained the support of all 12 chiefs and eight of the ten independents. Margai led the country to independence in 1961.

Results

By area

References

Elections in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
1957 in Sierra Leone


Montborget (, ) is a village and former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1314 as Mauborget.

The municipality had 98 inhabitants in 1811, which increased to 124 in 1850 and 137 in 1900. It then declined to 104 in 1950 and 79 in 1980.

In 1981 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Murist.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
Villages in the canton of Fribourg


La Vounaise is a village and former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

In 1981 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Murist.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the district coat of arms is Argent, a [double] Rose Gules seeded Or and barbed Vert.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
Villages in the canton of Fribourg


Inexhaustible Chalice (Russian: Неупиваемая чаша; also known in English as Inexhaustible Cup or Non-intoxicating Chalice) is a wonderworking icon of the Mother of God (Θεοτόκος (Theotokos) or Богородица (Bogoroditsa))  which revealed itself in Serpukhov, Russia in 1878. The icon is venerated in the Russian Orthodox Church and has become known for healing those who suffer from alcoholism, drug abuse and other forms of addiction.

The Icon

The icon of the "Inexhaustible Chalice" depicts the Theotokos with hands raised in the orans position, similar to icons of Our Lady of the Sign.  The Christ Child is shown standing in a chalice with both hands raised in blessing.

The icon is a variant of the icon of "Our Lady of Nicea", also known as “Your Womb Becomes the Holy Table.” The difference between the two is that the Nicean icon shows the Theotokos with Her head inclined to one side, sometimes with eyes downcast, whereas She is depicted in the "Inexhaustible Chalice" icon with Her head straight and looking at the viewer.

Appearance of the Icon

In 1878, a peasant of the Tula province—a retired soldier who had a passion for alcohol for many years— saw a certain elder in a vision who commanded him to go to the Vladychny Convent in Serpukhov, to find the Icon “The Inexhaustible Cup” and to hold a molieben before it. The old, penniless soldier, exhausted by his hard drinking, had absolutely no strength to go to Serpukhov. Soon the holy elder appeared twice more and the poor elderly soldier literally crawled to the convent on all fours. On the very first night of his ascetic journey the man suddenly felt that his legs began to obey him again.

Reaching the convent, he put its nuns to confusion as they knew nothing of the icon with this name. Then a nun remembered of an icon that hung in the convent passageway from the St. George Church which portrayed a chalice. Everybody was greatly amazed when they saw the inscription “The Inexhaustible Cup” on the back of the icon. Remarkably, when the man came up to the shrine of St. Varlaam, he at once recognized in him the holy elder who had appeared to him in the vision and commanded to go to the Mother of God for healing from alcoholism. The news of the wondrous miracle rapidly spread over many towns and villages: from everywhere those possessed with this terrible passion flocked to the miracle-working icon, venerated “The Inexhaustible Chalice”, and gave up drinking; thus peace and quiet began to reign in their homes—and all this was through the prayers of the Protectress of mankind.

After the October Revolution, the original "Inexhaustible Chalice" icon was moved to St. Nicholas Cathedral. During the years 1919-1928 eight copies were painted. After the cathedral was closed in 1929, most of its icons were burned and the fate of the wonder-working icon and the eight copies is unknown.

Veneration of the Icon following Collapse of Communism

In 1991, the men's Vysotsky Monastery in Serpukhov, founded in 1374 by St. Sergius of Radonezh, was reopened under the direction of Archimandrite Joseph (Balabanov, now Bishop of Birobidzhan and Kuldursk). In 1992, the iconographer Alexander Sokolov painted a new copy of the icon in the Byzantine style. It had been determined by Archimandrite Joseph that the prototype icon was of Byzantine style, based on a description written by the Russian Orthodox priest and martyr, Jacob Ivanovich Brilliantov. In 1993 it was installed in the Vysotsky Monastery, where it is now venerated as wonder-working, particularly in healing from addiction. This icon has become renowned throughout all of Russia and throughout the Orthodox world. The Vysotsky Monastery has since become the major shrine of the icon of the "Inexhaustible Chalice".

In the 1995, the women's Vladychny Convent, site of the original manifestation of the "Inexhaustible Cup", was reopened. In 1996, a copy, painted in the "academic" style based on a 1912 drawing, was enshrined.   This icon too has become miraculous, streaming myrrh and witnesses seeing the eyes of the Theotokos moving.

In an interview, Abbess Alexia of the Vladychny Convent stated an icon of the "Inexhaustible Chalice", presumed to be the miraculous original of 1878,  had been found in a private art collection. It is uncertain whether the icon can be redeemed.

The icon has been painted in many styles and several copies throughout Russia are regarded as miraculous.

In 1997, in recognition of its veneration, its commemoration was entered into the official liturgical calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church with the blessing of the late Patriarch Alexy II. The feast day is listed as May 5 O.S./May 18 N.S., the date of the repose of St. Varlaam. The Vladychny Convent continues to celebrate the feast day of the "Inexhaustible Chalice" on November 27 O.S./ December 10 N.S., the feast day of Our Lady of the Sign.

An akathist and molieben to the "Inexhaustible Chalice" have been composed in Russian and English.

People suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction, and other dependencies continue to appeal to God for help and healing through the icon of the Inexhaustible Chalice.

The Icon in Recovery Programs

After the icon was glorified as being miraculous in 1878, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Serpakhov organized the "St. Alexander Nevsky Brotherhood of Sobriety."

Since the early 1990s, sixty drug rehabilitation centers in Russia are run by the Russian Orthodox Church.

The Pokrov-Tervenichesky convent has a skeet dedicated to the "Inexhaustible Chalice", where men and women suffering from addictions go through a recovery program.

The Fellowship of the Inexhaustible Cup was formed "to provide and establish a network of intercessory prayer and support among its members in order to combat the many destructive forces of addictions."

References

External links
 Official website of the Vysotsky Monastery
 Official website of the Vladychny Convent
 The Fellowship of the Inexhaustible Cup
 The Anti-alcoholism Icon
 Pravoslavie.ru article in English

Eastern Orthodox icons of the Virgin Mary
Paintings of the Madonna and Child
Russian icons


Ouvrage Haut-Poirier is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry and three infantry blocks, and is located between the Saare valley and petit ouvrage Welschhof, facing Germany. It is the only ouvrage in the Fortified Sector of the Sarre, the remainder of the area being covered by smaller blockhouses and areas of inundation. It was assaulted by German forces during the Battle of France and was captured after a seven-hour bombardment. Haut-Poirier is abandoned, although one of its satellite casemates is maintained as a museum.

Design and construction
The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, and was approved for construction in November 1934. The petit ouvrage was to be expanded in a second phase to gros ouvrage status with separate personnel and munitions entrances, two 75mm gun turret blocks and a 75mm gun casemate block.

Description
Haut-Poirier comprises three infantry blocks and a small entry block. The blocks are linked by an underground gallery system containing barracks spaces, ammunition storage and utility services. The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to . The provisional entry block is located a short distance behind the combat blocks, accessed by a large drain. The proposed new entrances would have been several hundred meters father back.
Block 1: Infantry block with two automatic rifle cloches (GFM), two mixed arms cloches (AM), and one machine gun/anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).
Block 2: Infantry block with one GFM cloche and one retractable mixed arms turret.
Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one mixed arms cloche, one twin machine gun embrasure and two JM/AC 47 embrasures. The block was heavily damaged by German bombardment in 1940.

Haut-Poirier also has two false cloches.

Casemates and shelters
A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Haut-Poirier, including
 Casemate de Wittring: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure, two AM cloches and two GFM-B cloches.
 Casemate du Grand-Bois: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.
 Casemate de Nord-Ouest d'Achen: Double block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, one twin machine gun embrasure, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.
 Casemate de Nord d'Achen: Double block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, two twin machine gun embrasures, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.
 Casemate de Nord-Est d'Achen: Double block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, two twin machine gun embrasures, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.

Manning
The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Gambotti comprised 158 men and 3 officers of the 133rd Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 4th Army, Army Group 2. The Casernement d'Achen provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Haut-Poirier and other positions in the area.

History
See Fortified Sector of the Sarre for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Sarre sector of the Maginot Line.
On 15 June 1940 German forces broke through the Saar gap. The German 262nd Infantry Division approached Haut-Poirier from the rear on 21 June. The Germans opened fire with 150 mm artillery at 1500 hours, concentrating on Block 3. Without artillery support from a gros ouvrage,and with Blocks 1 and 2 were unable to intervene, their fire blocked by terrain, Haut-Poirier surrendered at 2200 hours. The casemates nearby surrendered at the same time.

After the June 1940 armistice the Germans stripped Haut-Poirier of all equipment. The ouvrage was in poor condition after the war and was not chosen for renovation.

Current condition
Haut-Poirier is on private property and is sealed to access. The Casemate de Wittring is maintained as a museum and may be visited.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Casemate de Wittring
 L'ouvrage du Haut-Poirier at alsacemaginot.com
 Haut-Poirier (petit ouvrage du) at fortiff.be
 PO du Haut-Poirier |at wikimaginot.eu

HAUT
Maginot Line


Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week is a series of international fashion weeks sponsored by Mercedes-Benz, a brand of Daimler AG. Designers featured during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Weeks include notable designers such as Rosenthal Tee, Mary Katrantzou and David Koma.

Notable Mercedes-Benz Fashion Weeks include events in Madrid, Berlin, Georgia, Miami, Russia, Istanbul, and Mexico,

Mercedes-Benz Fashion

Mercedes-Benz Fashion is a "fashion engagement programme" based in Stuttgart, Germany, a supplementary initiative of German automotive manufacturer Mercedes-Benz.

The automotive provider partners with select fashion weeks and events internationally, devises programmes to support fashion creatives and provide sponsorship.

Fashion Partnerships
The brand is currently active at approximately 80 fashion events in nearly 40 countries, including the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Weeks in Mexico City, Madrid, Tbilisi, Russia and Berlin, and also the famous International Festival of Fashion, Photography and Fashion Accessories in Hyères.

References

Fashion events
Fashion Week


Momoh Gulama was a Sierra Leonean paramount chief who ruled Kaiyamba Chiefdom in Moyamba District.

Early life
Gulama was born in Moyamba, Moyamba District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. His was the second son of Kaiyamba, a Mende warrior who came to Moyamba from Kono sometime in the 1820s and his wife was Guwanalo.

His brothers were also chiefs and founded the royal houses Boyawa and M’Bomeh.

Family
He is the father of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama and the grandfather of Paramount Chief Madam Ella Koblo Gulama.

Further reading
 Julius Gulama
 Lucy Gulama
 Ella Koblo Gulama
 Komeh Gulama Lansana
 David Lansana

External links
The life and Times of Honourable PC Madam Ella Koblo Gulama of Sierra Leone By Awareness Times, September 26, 2006
Tribute to the Honourable PC Ella Koblo Gulama, Sierra Connection
Women Leaders In Africa

References

Sierra Leonean politicians
Sierra Leonean nobility
People from Moyamba District
1956 deaths
Year of birth missing


Altavilla is a village and former municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

History
It was first recorded in 1340 as Alta villa. It has also had the German name Altenfüllen and the French Hauteville.

The municipality had 180 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to and 136 in 1900 and 89 in 1970. It then rose again, to 117 in 1990.

In 1991 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Murten.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
Villages in the canton of Fribourg


was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period through early Azuchi-Momoyama period, who served the Oda clan. He was active in the Oda clan's administration in Kyoto.

In the Siege of Shiga in September of 1570, he entered the fort of Anota with Sakuma Nobumori, Akechi Mitsuhide, Kawajiri Hidetaka, and Sassa Narimasa.

Sadakatsu died in 1582, during the Incident at Honnō-ji.

Notes

References
De Bary, William T., and Yoshiko Dykstra. Sources of Japanese Tradition.

Samurai
1528 births
1582 deaths
Oda retainers


Ouvrage Welschhof is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line, located near Rohrbach-lès-Bitche in the Moselle department of northeastern France. Located in the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach, the ouvrage consists of three infantry blocks, and is located between petit ouvrage Haut-Poirier and gros ouvrage Simserhof, facing Germany. Welschhof was attacked by German forces during the Battle of France on 21 June 1940 and was forced to surrender after a heavy artillery bombardment. It was re-equipped after the war, but was abandoned in the 1970s.

Design and construction
The Rohrbach sector was built somewhat later than its neighbors to the east and west, and in company with positions on the extreme western end of the Maginot Line, became one of the "New Fronts." The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, and was approved for construction in February 1934. The petit ouvrage was to be expanded in a second phase with an 81mm mortar turret and a separate entrance block several hundred meters to the rear, behind the Welschhof farm for which the ouvrage was named.

Description
Welschhof comprises three combat blocks. The blocks are linked by an underground gallery system containing barracks spaces, ammunition storage and utility services. The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to . The majority of the service areas, barracks and magazines are located in the area of Block 1.
 Block 1: Infantry/entrance block, combined with the entry, with one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47), one machine gun embrasure (JM) and one mixed-arms embrasure (unique in the Line). The block is surmounted by a mixed arms cloche (AM) and two automatic rifle cloches (GFM-B).
 Block 2: Submerged (in the ground) block with a retractable mixed-arms turret and a Type B GFM cloche.
 Block 3: Infantry block opposite Block 1, with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure, two GFM cloches (Type B) and one AM cloche. The usine used two  SNIM engines.

Casemates and shelters
A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Welschhof, including
 Casemate de l'Ouest de Singling: Double block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, one twin machine gun embrasures, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.
 Casemate de Nord-Ouest de Singling Gauche: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure and one twin machine gun embrasure with a caponier facing Singling Driote armed with one twin machine gun embrasure and a GFM-B cloche.
 Casemate de Nord-Ouest de Singling Droite: Single block with one JM embrasure, two AM cloches and one GFM-B cloche.
 Casemate de Bining: Double block with twoJM/AC47 embrasures, one twin machine gun embrasure, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches.

Manning
In 1939 the garrison comprised 158 men and three officers of the 166th Fortress Infantry Regiment under the command of Captain Lhuisset. The units were under the umbrella of the 4th Army, Army Group 2. The Casernement de Bining provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Welschhof and other positions in the area.

History
See Fortified Sector of Rohrbach for a broader discussion of the Rohrbach sector of the Maginot Line.

1940
On 21 June 1940 the Wehrmacht's 262nd Infantry Division attacked Welschhof and was stopped by fire from the 75 mm gun turret at Simserhof. The observers at Welschhof spotted counter-battery fire for Ouvrage Haut-Poirier against a German 150 mm gun.

During the night of 21–22 June, Haut-Poirier and Casemates Wittring, Grand-Bois and Nord-Est d'Achen surrendered to the Germans. During the morning of 22 June the Germans assembled a battery of light artillery to attack Welschhof, which was no longer covered by the positions to the west. The 75 mm turret at Simserhof fired in support of the Welschhof block. The Germans moved two 150 mm guns from the entrance to Simserhof and began to attack Block 1 at Welschhof and Casemate Ouest de Singling. 111 150mm rounds were fired at the façade of Block 1, breaching it, but the covering fire from Simserhof Block 5 continued to prevent the Germans from attacking the top of the block. On the morning of 24 June the tide turned and Simmerhof, at the limit of its range, could no longer fire on the top of Welschhof. Having learned of the fall of the Casemate de Bining, which protected Welschhof's flank, Captain Lhuisset decided to surrender at 10:00.

1945
American forces reached the area at the very end of 1944, with the U.S. 397th Infantry Regiment taking up positions around Welschhof, with no resistance from the ouvrage, which was not occupied by the Germans.

Post-War
By 1951 work was proceeding on renovation of many of the northeastern ouvrages, including Welschhof, with the aim of restoring their combat capability to block a potential advance by the Warsaw Pact. Welschhof and its neighbors were designated the môle de Bitche, a fortified strongpoint. After the establishment of the French nuclear strike force, the importance of the Line declined. Welschhof was among the first positions to be deactivated in 1970.

Current condition
Welschhof is presently abandoned.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Photos of Welschhoff at l'Association fort Casso
 Ouvrage du Welschhof at wikimaginot.eu
 L'ouvrage du Welschhof at alsacemaginot.com
 Welschhof (petit ouvrage O240 du) at fortiff.be

Maginot Line
Môle de Bitche
WELS


The Harriers is a 1991 anthology of shared world short stories, edited by Gordon R. Dickson.  The stories are set in a world created by Dickson and are original to this collection.

Contents

 "Of War and Codes and Honor", by Gordon R. Dickson & Chelsea Quinn Yarbro
 "Into the Hot and Moist", by Steve Perry
 "Tonight We Improvise", by S. N. Lewitt

References

1991 books
Science fiction anthologies


Bernard II de Balliol (died c. 1190) was the fourth and youngest son of Bernard I de Balliol, lord of Balliol and Barnard Castle. Bernard appears to have succeeded his older brother Guy II de Balliol to the Balliol estates sometime between the early 1160s and 1167.

Bernard is most famous for his role in the capture of William the Lion, King of the Scots, near Alnwick in 1174. Bernard, described as a "man noble and high-spirited", was said by William of Newburgh to have originated and led the attack on the Scottish king that led to his capture.

Bernard de Balliol is last found in the historical records in the year 1189, at Dover conducting an agreement with the Bishop of Durham at the court of King Richard the Lionheart; he was succeeded in the following year by his cousin Eustace.

He married a woman named Agnes de Picquigny, whose exact origins are a matter of historical debate. Despite popular claims, Bernard had no recorded children, and his successor was his cousin Eustace de Helicourt, who (re)took the Balliol name and renamed himself Eustace de Balliol.

Notes

References

 Stell, G. P., "Balliol, Bernard de (d. c.1190)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 24 Jan 2008

1190 deaths
Anglo-Normans
People from Barnard Castle
People from Yorkshire
Norman warriors
Bernard II
People from Picardy
Year of birth unknown
12th-century English people


Burg bei Murten is a village and former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1340 as Chastel. It has also had the Italian names Castro (1394), Castro villa (1413) and then the German form Burg (1510).

The municipality had 216 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 187 in 1880. After an increase to 246 in 1900 it declined again, to 187 in 1950 and 167 in 1970.

In 1975 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Murten.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Fribourg
Villages in the canton of Fribourg


Berneuil (; Picard: Bèrneu) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Berneuil is situated at the junction of the D216 and the D77 roads, some  east of Abbeville.

Population

Places of interest
 The church

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


The Finsbury Health Centre is in Clerkenwell. It was built in 1935–38, designed by Berthold Lubetkin and the Tecton architecture practice. The design shares some of its materials and detailing with similar Lubetkin projects of the period, including the Priory Green, Spa Green and Hallfield Estates.

Partly restored in the mid-1990s, the building is Grade I listed.

Services housed at the centre include the Michael Palin Centre for Stammering and Clerkenwell Medical Practice.

See also
 Healthcare in London
 Finsbury, this district, not to be confused with Finsbury Park

References

 Allan, John. Lubetkin: Architecture and the Tradition of Progress (RIBA, 1992)
 Allan, John, & von Sternberg, Morley. Berthold Lubetkin (Merrell, 2002)

External links
Islington Council: Finsbury Health Centre
Design Museum page about Berthold Lubetkin
 about Clerkenwell Medical Practice
 website of film documentary exploring impact of Lubetkin's work in Finsbury

Modernist architecture in London
Berthold Lubetkin buildings
Buildings and structures completed in 1938
Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Islington
Health in the London Borough of Islington