Ville Saint-Pierre is a small neighbourhood of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, located in the Borough of Lachine. It was a separate town until it merged with Lachine in 1999. In 2002, the amalgamated city of Lachine merged into Montreal.

The borders of the neighbourhood are the Lachine Canal/Borough of LaSalle to the south and east, the Town of Montreal West to the north and the rest of Lachine to the west. The entire neighbourhood has the H8R postal code.

The town had an area of , and a population of 4,739 in the last census (1996) prior to amalgamation.

History
The area of Saint-Pierre was part of the Montreal Island Seignory that was granted in 1640 to Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière and Pierre Chevrier, both founding members of Société Notre-Dame de Montréal, a religious organisation responsible for founding the settlement that would later become Montreal. The Little Saint-Pierre River, now channelled underground, used to flow through the place that was known as Coste-Saint-Pierre in 1702, named in honour of Pierre Chevrier (1600-1692), priest and Baron of Fanchamp.

By 1834, the place was known as Coteau-Saint-Pierre. In 1883, it was separated from Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and was called Blue Bonnets Hill, after the Blue Bonnets horse race track that was situated there before relocated to Decarie Boulevard in 1907. In 1894, it was incorporated as the Village Municipality of Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens. It received its first pastor in 1897, but was not made an official parish until 1906.

In 1908, it obtained city (ville) status and its name was shortened to Saint-Pierre. Its location along the Lachine Canal fostered industrial development, in particular manufacturing of wood pipes, aluminum, asphalt, and railway wagons.

References

Neighbourhoods in Montreal
Former municipalities in Quebec
Lachine, Quebec
Populated places disestablished in 1999


Unitel may refer to:

Media and entertainment
Unitel GmbH & Co.KG, German producers and distributor of filmed classical music performances

Telecommunication companies
Unitel (Angola), an Angolan mobile phone network
Unitel Bolivia, a Bolivian television network
Unitel Communications Incorporated, a Canadian telecommunications company later known as AT&T Canada
Unitel (Mongolia), a Mongolian mobile phone network


Hindolo Sumanguru Trye (died 26 July 2012) was a Sierra Leonean politician with the All People's Congress (APC). Prior to his death, he was Sierra Leone's Minister of Tourism and Cultural Affairs.

External links
http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/peo/peo_41448.htm

Year of birth missing
2012 deaths
Tourism in Sierra Leone
All People's Congress politicians
Government ministers of Sierra Leone


Vodafone Albania (part of Vodafone Group plc) is a major telecommunications company based in Tirana, Albania.

Technology

Vodafone Albania started offering GSM services on August 3, 2001, after AMC
(now One Albania) started doing so in 1996. The network displays as VODAFONE AL or VodafoneAL on devices.

In 2011, Vodafone was the first to launch 3G services. 4 years later, Vodafone was again first to launch a 4G/4G+ network in the country.

In 2018, Plus, the 4th largest mobile network provider, ceased operations in Albania. Vodafone agreed to buy 50% of the frequencies that Plus used to operate, alongside One Albania.

On February 12, 2019, Albania’s telecoms watchdog, Electronic and Postal Communications Authority () announced the conclusion of the first round of its 800 MHz auction, confirming that Vodafone Albania was the only provider to submit a bid for the frequencies. The carrier offered just over EUR 7.44 million (USD 8.4 million) for a 2×10 MHz block of spectrum in the 800 MHz band. AKEP noted that its bid evaluation committee will now review the legal, economic and technical documentation accompanying Vodafone’s bid.

On October 16, 2019, AKEP gave the authorisation to test 5G networks on the 3600 MHz-3700 MHz frequency band. On October 30, it was publicly tested, alongside important state officials, such as Prime Minister, Edi Rama. The full rollout of 5G to consumers has not yet commenced.

ABCom

On October 29, Vodafone Albania agreed to acquire the country’s largest cable operator ABCom. “This transaction is part of Vodafone Group’s wider strategy to enhance its mobile businesses with broadband and pay-TV services”, Vodafone said in a press release.

The acquisition enabled Vodafone Albania to become a full service telecoms company by offering fixed and mobile communications and TV services to households and businesses. As of the end of June 2020, ABCom had 86.000 broadband subscribers behind One Albania with 133.000 subscribers.

Market share
Vodafone Albania, as per Q1 2019, has 3.66 million subscribers, out of which there are 2.5 million active users. An active user is defined as having communication in the last three months.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the Electronic and Postal Communications Authority.

Economic and social investments
The company invested more than €1,415 million in Albania including investments in infrastructure, spectrum, regulatory fees, distribution channels, human resources etc. Only in 2016-17, Vodafone Albania invested €32 million in network infrastructure and about €16 million in spectrum acquisitions.

Controversy

In 2017, operators changed the duration of their monthly packages to 28 days instead of 30. The matter was investigated by the Authority and the operators were ordered to resume the 30-day duration once again.

In 2019, the Albanian Competition Authority intervened after Vodafone Albania, Telekom Albania, and Albtelecom increased their tariffs by ALL 200 and doubled the minimum recharge value from ALL 100 to ALL 200. The move sparked strong reactions from consumers who felt that the high price increase across three of the main providers was unfair. The action was reported to the Competition Authority. The three companies took action to lower the prices, following the instructions given by the competition authority.

See also
 List of mobile network operators of Europe
 Telekom Albania
 ALBtelecom Mobile

References

External links
 Vodafone Albania official website

Vodafone
Mobile phone companies of Albania
Telecommunications companies established in 2001


Saint-Pierre () is a village municipality in Joliette Regional County Municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint-Pierre had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Population:
 Population in 2016: 276 (2011 to 2016 population change: -9.5%)
 Population in 2011: 305 (2006 to 2011 population change: 0.3%)
 Population in 2006: 304
 Population in 2001: 293
 Population in 1996: 357
 Population in 1991: 358

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 0%
 French as first language: 100%
 English and French as first language: 0%
 Other as first language: 0%

Education

The Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates anglophone public schools, including:
 Joliette Elementary School in Saint-Charles-Borromée
 Joliette High School in Joliette

See also
List of village municipalities in Quebec

References

Incorporated places in Lanaudière
Villages in Quebec


Fred Alvin Taylor (April 30, 1920 – July 21, 2013) was an American football player and coach. He served as head coach at Texas Christian University from 1967 to 1970, compiling a record of 15–25–1 before he was fired following the 1970 season.

Early life and playing career
Taylor was native of Denison, Texas.  He played college football at Texas Christian University in 1940 and 1941 before entering the United States Army to serve during World War II.  Taylor returned to TCU after the war and served as the football team's captain in 1946.

Death
Taylor died on July 21, 2013.

Head coaching record

College

References

1920 births
2013 deaths
American football ends
TCU Horned Frogs football coaches
TCU Horned Frogs football players
High school football coaches in Texas
United States Army personnel of World War II
People from Denison, Texas
Players of American football from Grayson County, Texas
American United Methodists
20th-century Methodists


Richard Smith (born October 17, 1955) is an American football coach who is the linebackers coach for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He has been defensive coordinator for the Atlanta Falcons,  as well as the Houston Texans and Miami Dolphins, and a linebacker coach for the Los Angeles Chargers and Las Vegas Raiders.

Coaching career

Denver Broncos
Smith was hired by the Denver Broncos on January 25, 2011.

Atlanta Falcons
When the Atlanta Falcons hired Smith on January 26, 2015, the Falcons were the worst-ranked defense in passing yards in 2014 prior to his arrival. He was fired by the Falcons after their defensive collapse in Super Bowl LI, with defensive leadership being taken over by head coach Dan Quinn midway through the season.

Los Angeles Chargers
Smith was hired by the Los Angeles Chargers on February 13, 2017, as a linebackers coach.

Las Vegas Raiders
Smith was hired by the Las Vegas Raiders on January 12, 2021, as a linebackers coach.

References

1955 births
Living people
Arizona State Sun Devils football coaches
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Denver Broncos coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Carolina Panthers coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
Houston Texans coaches
Las Vegas Raiders coaches
Los Angeles Chargers coaches
Miami Dolphins coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
San Francisco 49ers coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches


Utricularia purpurea, the eastern purple bladderwort, is a medium-sized suspended aquatic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. purpurea is endemic to North and Central America. It has been suggested that U. purpurea may have partially lost its appetite for carnivory. Richards (2001) did an extensive study in the field on it and noted that trapping rates of the usual Utricularia prey were significantly lower than in other species in the genus. Richards concludes that this species can still trap and digest arthropod prey in its specialized bladder traps, but does so sparingly. Instead, it harbors a community of algae, zooplankton, and debris in the bladders that indicates U. purpurea favors a mutualistic interaction in place of a predator–prey relationship.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of Central America
Carnivorous plants of North America
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
Flora of the Eastern United States
Flora of Texas
Flora of Belize
Flora of Costa Rica
Flora of Cuba
Flora of the Bahamas
purpurea
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Swag is a United Kingdom prank show broadcast on Five from 2002 to 2004. The general theme of the show was to trick members of the public into committing a minor crime (usually stealing) but then get their comeuppance in one way or another. There were some pranks that were repeated on multiple occasions, while others were one offs in a certain episode.

A very popular prank from the series was one where a car was parked on the side of a road with its keys in the door and left unlocked in order to tempt people to steal it. However, the car was fitted to lock when started and then do a variety of things, such as talk to the burglar or start snowing inside the car. They were eventually let out.

The show was conceived by Guy Ritchie and produced by his company SKA Films and the independent television company Monkey.

In one incident, a person enticed to steal an expensive car which was then filled with foam spotted the cameraman filming and stabbed him in the leg with a screwdriver.

A DVD of series one has been released on 19 September 2005, however there is still no word of series two on DVD.

References

External links

2002 British television series debuts
2004 British television series endings
Channel 5 (British TV channel) reality television shows
English-language television shows


Vodafone Hungary is the third largest mobile operator in Hungary. It started operations in 1999 after securing the third GSM 900/1800 MHz licence of the country and it was the first provider operating in the DCS-1800 band in Hungary. Vodafone is the third largest mobile network operator of the country again. The operator had a share of ~27% of the market in Q2 2020. They controlled approx. 27% of the market in December 2019. Market share The full report about the number of subscribers is available on the company website.

Network information
The MCC-MNC Code of Vodafone Hungary is 216-70 and Mobile Network Code is 70 (international: +36 70)

The display name of Vodafone Hungary: vodafone HU

Vodafone operates a GSM, GPRS, EDGE network on 900/1800 MHz and a HSDPA+ network on 900/2100 MHz. The company has more than 2600 active Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), and thanks to the modernisation in 2011, the whole network is capable of LTE transmission.
The GSM network was available in 98.6% while the 3G network covered 90.1% of Hungary in May 2012.

History
On 7 July 1999 a consortium formed by V.R.A.M. and Primatel won the third GSM 900/1800 licence in Hungary. After signing the agreement on 30 November 1999, the consortium launched its network under the Vodafone brand. In the initial years, Vodafone used towers of its main competitors Westel (now Telekom) and Pannon GSM (now Yettel) networks, while their own network was available only in Budapest and other main cities. At the end of 2002, they covered 90% of the country.

On 30 January 2003 the company launched the Vodafone live! service and in the same year, the customer base of Vodafone reached over 1 million.

In December 2004, Vodafone purchased the third 3G licence under the 2004 UMTS tender of NHH.

In 2005, Vodafone launched the Vodafone Passport service, available in 17 countries at the time. On 16 December 2005 they launched the third 3G network of the country, which was available only in the inner districts of Budapest.

In November 2006, the company offered a new alternative for fixed line telephone users. The Vodafone Otthon service allows customers to combine the advantages of landline and mobile telecommunications with one single handset.

In 2008, Vodafone switched to Huawei as a supplier of their UMTS infrastructure. In the same year, the company offered free in-network texts or minutes for all pre-paid customers, provided they charged their balance with 3000 HUF or more.

Vodafone Hungary, along with Magyar Posta launched the first MVNO operating under the Postafon brand in Hungary in 2009. The operator was also testing LTE technology in Budapest around this time. Vodafone introduced the Vodafone Plus postpaid plan as well, which offered unlimited voice and text services as a first on the Hungarian market.

In 2011, Vodafone announced the modernisation of their network infrastructure.

In 2012, Vodafone announced a 50% joint venture with Tesco to launch Tesco Mobile. This partnership was the first official collaboration between the two companies in the world. In December that year, Vodafone launched 3G services on lines M2 and M3 of the Budapest Metro.

In 2018, Vodafone announced the acquisition of UPC Hungary. The acquisition closed in August 2019. In April 2020, the UPC brand was completely phased out, with all services rebranded to Vodafone Hungary.

The network modernisation process completed in March 2012. Vodafone, after securing additional bandwidth in the E-GSM band, launched the nationwide HSDPA+ network, which is available for roughly 9.5 million people in the country. As of July 2012, the 21 Mbit/s capable HSDPA+ network is available in 2432 settlements while the 42 Mbit/s capable DC-HSPA+ network in 101 settlements, including Budapest. The whole network is capable of LTE. Vodafone launched their RED plans aimed at smartphone users with unlimited calls and texts in October 2012. They were the first operator offering flat-rate tariffs on the market.

On 31 January 2023, Antenna Hungária (a subsidiary of 4iG) and Corvinus Nemzetközi Befektetési Zrt. (an investment company owned by the Hungarian State) acquired Vodafone Hungary, with the companies owning 51% and 49% of the shares, respectively.

UPC Hungary

UPC Magyarország () was Liberty Global Europe's telecommunications operation in Hungary. UPC Magyarország is the largest cable television operator in Hungary. UPC Hungary provides digital and analog cable video, broadband internet, and traditional circuit-switched and digital telephony (VoIP) services to 2.0 million service subscribers as of 31 December 2014.

UPC Hungary operated in 22 major Hungarian cities and towns and in their surrounding areas, including Budapest, the capital city, Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs, and Székesfehérvár. In 2017, revenue was $310.2 million

In May 2018, Vodafone announced that it would acquire the company. The company merged with Vodafone Hungary and the UPC brand was retired in April 2020.

Sponsorship
In October 2007, Vodafone signed a sponsorship contract with the Hungarian Water Polo Association and Tamás Kásás. Vodafone Hungary became the main sponsor of the Association when the sponsorship deal was extended by another four years in 2009.

The Vodafone Group was the main sponsor of the previously named McLaren Mercedes Formula One team in 2013. Vodafone opened the first Vodafone McLaren Mercedes store of Europe in Budapest in 2010. In that year, Vodafone also made it possible for the logo of Pick Szeged to be displayed during the 2010 Hungarian Grand Prix on the McLaren Formula 1 cars. On May 1, 2012 Vodafone brought Formula One to the streets of Budapest. Jenson Button showed what it is like to drive at 172 Mph on a downtown avenue as a part of Vodafone Hungary's 'Raise your game' weekend.

From 2010 to 2011 Vodafone Hungary was the main sponsor of Sziget Festival.

From 2021 to 2022 Vodafone was the main sponsor of UEFA Europa Conference League.

Criticism
In July 2002, Vodafone announced a flat-rate GPRS internet offer, which provided unlimited Internet access for their customers. In 2003, Vodafone changed the terms and conditions of the service and introduced traffic restrictions, which caused many customer to complain to the regulators.

In 2007, the company announced a new flat-rate unlimited internet service on the HSDPA network. The terms and conditions changed later, and Vodafone introduced bandwidth restrictions above 5 GB/month traffic. GVH, the competition regulator in Hungary fined the company.

In 2010, GVH fined Vodafone and T-Mobile. Both companies claimed to have 'the fastest mobile data network' in the country without reasonable proof.

References

External links

Telecommunications companies of Hungary
Vodafone


Gordon Perry Robertson (born June 4, 1958) is the President of the Christian Broadcasting Network, President of Operation Blessing International, and Chancellor of Regent University. He is the main host of The 700 Club, the show founded by his father, Pat Robertson.

Early life
Robertson was born in New York City to Pat and Adelia (née Elmer) Robertson. His father had graduated from Yale Law School and would soon earn his Master of Divinity at The Biblical Seminary in New York. His mother, Dede, had a Master of Nursing degree from Yale School of Nursing. When Robertson was two years old, his father and mother started Christian Broadcasting Network in Portsmouth, Virginia.

Raised in Virginia, Robertson attended The McCallie School, a college-preparatory school in Chattanooga, Tennessee and graduated cum laude in 1976. He graduated from Yale in 1980, with a bachelor's degree in history. Following Yale, Robertson enrolled in Washington and Lee University School of Law, became a Burks Scholar in his third year, and received his juris doctor degree, cum laude, in 1984.

Early career
Robertson practiced law at Vandeventer, Black in Norfolk, Virginia, becoming a partner in 1989. In 1994 on a short-term mission trip to India with Rev. John Giminez, Robertson had a profound religious experience that changed the course of his life. He left the practice of law and moved his family to the Philippines to start the Asian Center for Missions.

In Manila in 1994, Robertson partnered with Dr. Miguel Alvarez of Asian School of Christian Ministries to begin a school to train and send Filipino missionaries throughout the world. From an initial class of 12 missionaries in November 1994, ACM became the largest missionary organization in the Philippines.

Christian Broadcasting Network
In July 1994, Pat Robertson appointed him “Ambassador at Large” for CBN with the goal of reproducing CBN in Asia. On October 1, 1994, Gordon founded CBN Asia, Inc. in Manila, Philippines. In 1996, CBN Asia started a television show, The 700 Club Asia, in the Tagalog language featuring testimonies from the Philippines and stories from around Asia. CBN Asia became the model for starting CBN Indonesia, CBN India, CBN Thailand, CBN Hong Kong and CBN China in Beijing.

The 700 Club
Gordon returned to the United States in April 1999 to co-host the original 700 Club and, more recently, The 700 Club Interactive program which is seen on Freeform and online. Robertson was made full-time host of The 700 Club on October 1, 2021, when Pat announced on the show that he was stepping down. This was on the date of the 60th anniversary of CBN’s first broadcast (Oct 1, 1961). During his time at The 700 Club, Robertson has interviewed a variety of cultural figures, including Benjamin Netanyahu, Jimmy Carter, Senator George J. Mitchell (D), Senator Chris Coons (D), Senator Sam Brownback (R), Israel’s UN Ambassador Danny Danon, and Ron DeSantis (R).

Superbook and CBN Films
Gordon is the Executive Producer for Superbook, a Bible-based animation series using CG technology. The series follows the adventures of two children, Chris and Joy, and their robot friend Gizmo, as they journey back in time to experience the stories and characters in the bible. Superbook premiered in Japan in 1981.  An updated version of the series was released in 2011.

In 2014, Superbook received two Daytime Emmy nominations, for Outstanding Achievement in Main Title and Graphic Design, and Outstanding Original Song – Main Title and Promo.

Robertson is the Executive Producer of CBN Films. CBN films launched in 2014 and has produced twelve projects as of 2023. Made in Israel (2014), The Hope: The Rebirth of Israel (2015), and To Life: How Israeli Volunteers are Changing the World (2018) were all Emmy nominated films. In Our Hands: The Battle for Jerusalem (2017) debuted in United States theaters as one of the highest-grossing documentaries of the year.

Robertson was the executive producer of the 2016 docudrama Pocahontas: Dove of Peace.

Operation Blessing
Robertson began working with Operation Blessing International in 1995 as President and Founder of Operation Blessing Philippines.  He then founded Obor Berkat in Indonesia, Operation Blessing India, Operation Blessing Thailand, and Operation Blessing China. In 2018, he became the President of Operation Blessing International, assuming the position after Bill Horan.

Chancellor of Regent University
Robertson was named Chancellor of Regent University on 10 July 2023 after the passing of his father Pat, who held the role since the school's inception

Personal life
Robertson met Katharyn (née Banks) in 1988 and they married in 1989. They live in Virginia and have three children and 1 grandchild.

His grandfather, Absalom Willis Robertson, was a Democratic U.S. Senator from Virginia.

References

External links

 Gordon Robertson on Instagram

1958 births
Living people
American documentary film producers
American television evangelists
Baptists from Virginia
People from Lexington, Virginia
Lawyers from New York City
Virginia lawyers
Yale University alumni
Washington and Lee University School of Law alumni


Alfred Paolo Conteh is a retired Major in the Sierra Leone Armed Forces who has been Defense Minister of Sierra Leone since October 2007. He was appointed by President Ernest Bai Koroma and was later confirmed by parliament. Conteh is the nephew of former President Joseph Saidu Momoh.

Conteh is a keen sprinter and sportman. He was Sierra Leone's 400m record holder in 1982; and its record remains unbroken since. He plays football, volleyball, handball, squash and tennis.

Born and raised in Freetown, to parents from the Limba ethnic group, Conteh enrolled in the Sierra Leone Army as a cadet officer in 1976. In 1981, Conteh became one of the commanding officers of the Sierra Leone Military Police unit, a branch of the Sierra Leone Army.

Conteh went to law school in the United Kingdom. He obtained the Bachelor of Laws Degree (LLB) from the University of London LLB (law) in 1990. He was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 1992. He also obtained a Master of Laws (LLM) from the Holborn School of Law in the United Kingdom.

Early life
Alfred Paolo Conteh was born and raised in the neighborhood of Wilberforce in Freetown, Sierra Leone to parents from the Limba ethnic group.

Military service
Upon graduation from secondary school, Conteh enrolled in the Sierra Leone Army as a cadet officer in 1976. Upon completion of a two-year cadet training in 1978, Conteh was promoted to second lieutenant in the Sierra Leone Army and was posted as Platoon Commander at the Benguema barracks in Benguema, Sierra Leone.

In 1981, Conteh became one of the commanding officers of the Sierra Leone Military Police unit, a branch of the Sierra Leone Army. In 1983, Conteh was promoted to captain.

Law school
He went to law school in 1986 in the United Kingdom. He obtained the Bachelor of Laws Degree (LLB) from the University of London LLB (law) in 1990. He was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 1992. He also obtained a Master of Laws (LLM) from the Holborn School of Law in the United Kingdom.

External links
"Combat-Clad Minister Shocks Sierra Leone", Awareness Times, 11 January 2008.
http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/spip.php?article1926

Sierra Leonean military personnel
Defence ministers of Sierra Leone
All People's Congress politicians
Living people
Alumni of the University of London
People from Freetown
Year of birth missing (living people)


Matthew Leland Skrmetta (born November 6, 1972) is a former American professional baseball pitcher. He played during one season in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Montreal Expos and Pittsburgh Pirates in 2000. He also played two seasons in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), 2003 for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks and 2005 for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. He holds the record for playing for the most professional teams, with 25.

Amateur career
He graduated from Satellite High School in 1990. He led Satellite to the 1990 Class 3A State Championship baseball game where they lost to Pace High School 13-3.

Professional career
Skrmetta was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 26th round of the 1993 amateur draft. Skrmetta played his first professional season with their rookie league Bristol Tigers in .

In 2002, Skrmetta was 8-0 with one save, 58 strikeouts in 61 innings pitched for a 2.51 ERA while pitching for the Omaha Royals, the Kansas City Royals' Triple-A affiliate.

Skrmetta broke former major league baseball pitcher Mike Morgan's record when he played with the Chicago White Sox Triple-A affiliate Charlotte Knights in 2006. Skrmetta played for a record 25 professional teams and in 13 organizations. In 2007, he played for his 25th and last professional team, the Road Warriors of the independent Atlantic League.

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Atlantic League Road Warriors players
Baseball players from Mississippi
Brevard County Manatees players
Bristol Tigers players
Charlotte Knights players
Fayetteville Generals players
Fukuoka Daiei Hawks players
Gulf Coast Expos players
Harrisburg Senators players
Indian River State Pioneers baseball players
Jacksonville Dolphins baseball players
Jacksonville Suns players
Jamestown Jammers players
Lakeland Tigers players
Las Vegas 51s players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Louisville RiverBats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mobile BayBears players
Montreal Expos players
Nashville Sounds players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Omaha Royals players
Ottawa Lynx players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Satellite High School alumni
Sportspeople from Biloxi, Mississippi
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles players


The XXIII de Marzo Group () was one of the Blackshirt units sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the "Corpo Truppe Volontarie" (Corps of Volunteer Troops), or CTV. This unit was attached to the 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" during the Battle of Guadalajara in March 1937. Following  defeat there, it was sent to
Vizcaya in April 1937 with the Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade and 11 Groups of CTV Corps Artillery.

Battle of Guadalajara March 1937

Independent Group "XXIII March" - Console Enrico Francisci
 4th Grupo de Banderas - Console Francesco Gidoni
 Bandera "Toro" - 1st Seniore Mario Bertoni
 Bandera "Bisonte" - 1st Seniore Fiorentini
 Bandera "Bufalo" - 1st Seniore Piero Bologna
 Battery (65/17)
 Engineer Section
 5th Grupo de Banderas - Console Enrico Francisci
 540 Bandera "Lupi" - Seniore Nello Brogi
 530 Bandera "Implacabile" - Seniore Di Puccio
 Bandera "Ardente" - 1st Seniore Spangaro
 Battery (65/17)
 Engineer Section

Vizcaya April 1937

Agrupación XXIII de Marzo - Console Enrico Francisci
 11th Battery (65/17)
 IV Grupo de banderas
 Bandera "Bufalo"
 Bandera "Bisonte"
 Bandera "Toro"
 508 Battery (65/17)
 Mortar Platoon
 V Grupo de banderas
 530 Bandera "Implacabile"
 Bandera "Ardente"
 540 Bandera "Lupi"
 608 Battery (65/17)
 Mortar Platoon
 Carabinieri Platoon
 Bandera de complemento

The Blackshirt (Camicie Nere, or CCNN) Divisions contained regular soldiers and volunteer militia from the Fascist Party.

See also
 Division XXIII di Marzo

Sources

Military units and formations of Italy in the Spanish Civil War
Military units and formations established in 1937


Thorey () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Defectors is a Challenge TV game show that aired from 11 June 2001 to 5 July 2002 and is hosted by Richard Orford. The format was that the audience would vote on which contestant they thought would get a question right, and the percentage of votes would determine possible scores for subsequent questions. Both the winning contestant and the audience member who made the most correct guesses would win prizes.

Challenge TV occasionally repeat the series in early hours slots, however, as episodes 1–12 of the first series are longer than other episodes, they are too long to fit into their schedule and as such no longer are repeated.

Separate from the game in the show itself but as part of an episode's broadcast, viewers at home could push the red button on their Sky television remote control during episodes to access an interactive section where they could win prizes.

UKGameshows.com were generally favourable for the series, saying that compared to Challenge TV's attempts at game shows when it was known as The Family Channel, Defectors is a "qualified success for the new grown-up Challenge TV". They added Defectors has "got an original format, an excellent host, good if not perfect production values and quite an entertaining 40 minutes all said and done."

Transmissions

References

External links

2001 British television series debuts
2002 British television series endings
2000s British game shows
Interactive television
English-language television shows


Ebenezer Herrick Dyer (April 17, 1822 – 1906) was an American businessman who established the first successful commercial beet sugar mill in the U.S., and as such, was called the "father of the American beet sugar industry".

Dyer was born in Sullivan, Maine; his family was one of the original colonists of New England. Unlike his brother Ephraim who was drawn by the California Gold Rush, Dyer stayed in Maine when the number of immigrants to California skyrocketed. However, Ephraim needed help running a farm and asked his brother to join him. Dyer had previously run lumber and quarry companies, and as an 1883 biography states, "Seeking a wider field he came to California." He arrived in 1857 and determining that the situation was favorable, returned to Maine for his wife Marion Wallace Ingalls, whom he had married in 1850, and two children. Returning in April 1858, they settled on Ephraim's farm in Alvarado (now part of Union City). After his wife died in 1863, Dyer married Olive Ingalls, his sister-in-law. In total, he had six children, three sons and three daughters, three from each of the sisters.

In 1859 he was elected County Surveyor of Alameda County and re-elected two years later. Also, that same year he was appointed United States Deputy Surveyor by Surveyor General E. F. Beale, and he served in that position for about ten years. In 1876 he was chosen by the Second Congressional District of California as a delegate to the Republic National Convention at Cincinnati, Ohio.

Meanwhile, Dyer noticed that much of America's sugar was imported from abroad. Although several sugar beet mills had been established in the U.S., none of the ventures could remain in business for more than a few years. Dyer felt that with proper management, something he had experience in, a sugar company should be able to succeed. To determine if the land was suitable for growing sugar beets, he ordered seeds from Germany to plant on his farm. To his delight, he found the plants to thrive in California.

These experiments attracted the attention of the owners of one of those failed companies, a pair of Germans named A. Otto and A. D. Bonesteel, who had left sugar beet processing jobs in their home country to try to establish a sugar beet industry in the U.S. The Dyers, the Germans, and some other partners formed the California Beet Sugar Company. The Germans, who were tapped to manage the mill's operation based on their previous experience, turned out to be less than competent, and the enterprise failed. In 1873, Bonesteel and Otto moved to try their luck in Soquel, but they proved to be unsuccessful yet again.

Undeterred, Dyer purchased the Sacramento Beet Sugar Company. This attempt also was a failure, but Dyer persisted and, in 1879, finally found the right formula when he formed the Standard Sugar Manufacturing Company. Still, in 1886 the company was forced to close, not due to poor business, but after some equipment exploded, causing the death of a firefighter. Dyer liquidated the stock and reorganized the company as the Pacific Coast Sugar Company. Three years later, the business was sold to the Alameda Sugar Company.

Dyer continued to be in the sugar business, however. He and his son Edward, who was a chemist and mechanical draftsman, toured sugar beet factories in Germany and brought back ideas to improve their existing facilities as well as for his next project, designing the factory for the newly incorporated Utah Sugar Company in Lehi, Utah. He retired in the 1890s and died in 1906.

The street on which the California Beet Sugar Company resided in Union City is named after Dyer, as is a street in Santa Ana, California.

References

1822 births
1906 deaths
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Sullivan, Maine
People from Union City, California
History of sugar
Date of death missing
Businesspeople from California
Businesspeople in the sugar industry
19th-century American businesspeople


Nelson Bernard Simmons (born June 27, 1963) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He attended James Madison High School. He played during three seasons at the Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers and Baltimore Orioles.

Career
Simmons was drafted by the Tigers in the 2nd round of the 1981 MLB draft. Simmons played his first professional season with their Rookie league Bristol Tigers in 1981, and his last with the Pittsburgh Pirates' Triple-A Calgary Cannons in 1995.

In a 3-year, 100-game MLB career, Simmons posted a .261 batting average (86-for-330) with 38 runs, 11 home runs and 40 RBIs. He finished his career with a .963 fielding percentage playing left and right field.

References
"Nelson Simmons Statistics". The Baseball Cube. 23 January 2008.
"Nelson Simmons Statistics". Baseball-Reference. 23 January 2008.

External links

1963 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from Washington, D.C.
Birmingham Barons players
Bristol Tigers players
Broncos de Reynosa players
Cafeteros de Córdoba players
Calgary Cannons players
Charros de Jalisco players
Denver Zephyrs players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
Ganaderos de Tabasco players
Huntsville Stars players
Lakeland Tigers players
Long Beach Riptide players
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Nashville Sounds players
Palm Springs Angels players
Palm Springs Suns players
Rieleros de Aguascalientes players
Rochester Red Wings players
Saraperos de Saltillo players
Tacoma Tigers players
Tri-City Posse players
Venados de Mazatlán players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


Pramac Racing is a motorcycle racing team competing in the MotoGP and MotoE World Championships. The team was created in 2002 by Italian company Pramac. In 2005 Pramac Racing joined forces with Spanish d'Antin MotoGP to form "Pramac d'Antin" and in 2007 the team became part of the Pramac Group. After Luis d'Antin left the team in 2008, the team became known as "Pramac Racing".
Their base is in Casole d'Elsa, Tuscany, Italy.

History

d'Antin MotoGP
The d'Antin MotoGP Team was created in 1999 by Spanish former motorcycle racer Luis d'Antin and was based in Madrid. Beginning in  the team raced in the 250 cc Spanish and World Championships with Yamaha bikes and Spanish riders Fonsi Nieto and David García. In the same season the team ran in the 500 cc class with Japanese rider Norifumi Abe aboard a Yamaha YZR500. Abe took a win in  at the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka. José Luis Cardoso joined the team in  as second rider alongside Abe. A podium finish was the team's best result.

In  the 500 cc class became MotoGP and the D'Antin team continued with the same riders and the same Yamaha YZR500. The 500 cc 2-stroke motorcycle was not able to compete against the more powerful 990 cc 4-strokes and top 10 finishes were the team's best results. D'Antin got the new Yamaha YZR-M1 in , with Shinya Nakano as the team's only rider. The team switched to Ducati motorcycles in  using the previous season's Desmosedici GP3 and signing  Superbike World Champion Neil Hodgson and runner-up Rubén Xaus, Ducati's factory riders for the 2003 World Superbike Championship season. The team ran into financial difficulties mid-season and was not able to run a test program; their best result was a third place for Xaus in Qatar.

Pramac Racing
Pramac Racing entered MotoGP in 2002, taking over the activities of Hardwick Racing, relocating to Italy and using the Honda NSR500 with Tetsuya Harada as a rider. In September 2002 Pramac signed a three-year deal with Max Biaggi and Honda Racing Corporation to enter a Honda RC211V.
Two months later Pramac and Pons Racing reached an agreement whereby Biaggi would have competed for Pons while still under contract with Pramac.

In 2003 Pramac also entered his own team with a Honda RC211V for Makoto Tamada, being the only Honda team to use Bridgestone tyres. A podium in Brazil was the team's best result, while Biaggi scored two wins and finished the championship in third place.

For 2004 Pramac Racing ran alongside Pons Racing under the name Camel Honda. Tamada and his team, led by Luca Montiron, joined Sito Pons' structure. Tamada still raced on Bridgestone tyres while Biaggi used Michelin tyres. Tamada finished the season with two wins and sixth place in the final championship standings; Biaggi clinched a win and the third place overall. Many changes happened at the end of the season: Biaggi terminated his contract with Pramac and joined the Repsol Honda works team, Luca Montiron also left the team and founded JiR with Tamada as a rider while Pramac ended its relationship with Pons Racing to start a new project with Ducati and d'Antin.

Pramac d'Antin
In 2005 d'Antin MotoGP and Pramac Racing merged to form Pramac d'Antin. The team used the previous season's Desmosedici GP4 with Italian Roberto Rolfo as a rider. The team used Dunlop tyres and usually finished races near the back of the grid. For 2006 the team was given use of the Desmosedici GP6. the same motorcycles the factory team was using. Alex Hofmann and José Luis Cardoso were the team's riders. The Dunlop tyres the team used were not competitive and once again the team finished races near the back of the grid.

Prior to the start of the 2007 season, Pramac and d'Antin reached an agreement that saw the d'Antin team becoming an integral part of the Pramac Group. The team used the new 800 cc Ducati Desmosedici GP7 and Bridgestone tyres, and Brazilian Alex Barros joined the team alongside Alex Hofmann. Barros had a strong season finishing regularly in the top ten and taking a podium finish at the Italian Grand Prix, beating works rider Casey Stoner into fourth place. Hofmann had a more average season and he injured his hand in practice at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. He was replaced by Chaz Davies for the remainder of the weekend, and by Iván Silva at Brno. Hofmann returned to racing at Misano but he was fired by the team following the Portuguese Grand Prix, after pulling out of the race while in with a chance of scoring points, due to a lack of motivation. Davies returned to complete the season.

Alice Team
In 2008, the team continued using the Ducati Desmosedici GP8 and Bridgestone tyres. Sylvain Guintoli and Toni Elías were the team's riders, while the team was sponsored by Alice – Telecom Italia's DSL service – and was renamed the Alice Team. Luis d'Antin resigned from the team midway though the 2008 season, at the German Grand Prix at the Sachsenring.

Pramac Racing
For the 2009 season, the team competed under the name of Pramac Racing, using the Ducati Desmosedici GP9 and Bridgestone tyres with Mika Kallio and Niccolò Canepa as the team's riders. On 19 August 2009 it was announced Aleix Espargaró would race for Pramac in Indianapolis and Misano, the seat having been filled by Michel Fabrizio at Brno. He temporarily replaced Kallio who in turn filled in
for  Casey Stoner at the Ducati works team. Kallio and Espargaró raced for Pramac for the 2010 season.

The Pramac team competed in the  championship with riders Loris Capirossi and Randy de Puniet and achieving a sixth place as a best race result. Damian Cudlin and Sylvain Guintoli entered some races replacing an injured Capirossi. In  Pramac Racing fielded only one bike for Héctor Barberá. For 2013, Pramac Racing received Factory supported team Ducati status and fielded two factory-specification Desmosedici for works riders Andrea Iannone and Ben Spies. Spies was injured for all but the first two races of that season and was replaced by Michele Pirro and later Yonny Hernández, who ended up securing a ride for the team in the  season alongside the confirmed Iannone. During 2014 Iannone still raced a factory-supported GP14 bike, while Hernandez rode a GP13 bike.

For  Iannone was promoted to the factory Ducati team, to replace Cal Crutchlow. Iannone was replaced by Danilo Petrucci at Pramac. Hernández retained with the team, both of them were riding with the Ducati Desmosedici GP14. In 2016, Scott Redding joined the team. Petrucci retained with the team, both of them were riding with the Ducati Desmosedici GP15.

In , the Pramac team received a factory-specification Ducati Desmosedici for Petrucci - as his championship standing was ahead from Redding in 2016 - while Redding riding with a one-year old Ducati Desmosedici. In , Jack Miller joined the team to replacing Redding, who was moved to the Aprilia Racing Team Gresini. As usual, Petrucci riding with GP18 bike while Miller riding with GP17 bike.

In  Petrucci was promoted to the factory Ducati team, to replace Jorge Lorenzo. Petrucci was replaced by Francesco Bagnaia - the 2018 Moto2 World Champion - at Pramac. Miller was promoted to riding a Ducati Desmosedici GP19, whilst Bagnaia riding with a Ducati Desmosedici GP18. For , for the first time since 2013, the Pramac Racing fielded two factory-specification Ducati Desmosedici GP20 bike for works riders Miller and Bagnaia - both riders are riding with the same bike for the first time since 2016.

For , Johann Zarco and Jorge Martín joined the team after their last season with Esponsorama Racing and Moto2 respectively. Both riders riding the new Ducati Desmosedici GP21. The team scored its first ever premier class victory at the Styrian GP by Jorge Martin.

MotoGP results

By rider

By season

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Notes

References

External links

Motorcycle racing teams
Motorcycle racing teams established in 1999
1999 establishments in Spain


Amathinidae,  is a taxonomic family mostly consisting of small and minute sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the superfamily Pyramidelloidea.

Together with Pyramidellidae, Ebalidae, Turbonillidae, Odostomidae and other genera they form the superfamily Pyramidelloidea.

Little is known on the biology of the group, but some data on the anatomy and systematic position is given by Ponder (1987) and Huber (1993).

1999 taxonomy
Genera within the family Amathinidae according to the taxonomy of Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) include:
Genus Amathina J. E. Gray, 1842
Genus Amathinoides Sacco, 1896
Genus Carinorbis Conrad, 1862
Genus Cyclothyca Stearns, 1861
Genus Faluniella Cossman, 1921
Genus Iselica Dall, 1918
Genus Leucotina A. Adams, 1860
Genus Phasianema Wood, 1842
Genus Plicifer H. Adams, 1868

2005 taxonomy
This family has no subfamilies.

Genera
This family presently comprises less than 100 recent and fossil species divided into seven genera: Amathina, Amathinoides, Carinorbis, Cyclothyca, Iselica, Leucotina and Phasianema.

Two additional genera, Faluniella and Plicifer may also be a part of Amathinidae:
 Faluniella Cossmann, 1921

Genera within the family Amathinidae include:
 Amathina Gray, 1842
 Cyclothyca Stearns, 1891
 Iselica Dall, 1918
 Leucotina A. Adams, 1860
 Monotygma G. B. Sowerby II, 1839
 Plicifer H. Adams, 1868
 † Raulinia Mayer, 1864
Genera brought into synonymy
 Adelactaeon Cossmann, 1895: synonym of Leucotina A. Adams, 1860
 Amathinoides Sacco, 1896 † accepted as Clathrella Récluz, 1864 accepted as Carinorbis Conrad, 1862
 Clathrella Récluz, 1864 accepted as Carinorbis Conrad, 1862
 Isapis H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Iselica Dall, 1918 (Invalid: junior homonym of Isapis Doubleday, 1847 [Lepidoptera]; Iselica is a replacement name)
 Myonia A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Leucotina A. Adams, 1860

Anatomy
The shells are usually flat without coiling. They usually have strong axial ribs. Ponder described giant neurons in the cerebral ganglion.

References

 Ponder, W. F. (1987). The anatomy and relationships of the pyramidellacean limpet, Amathina tricarinata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Asian Marine Biology. 4: 1–34

External links

 Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47 (1–2): 1-397

Taxa named by Winston Ponder


Chris Terkelsen (born 16 February 1972) is a Danish orienteering competitor and World champion. He won a gold medal in the 1997 World Orienteering Championships in Grimstad with the Danish Relay team. He received a silver medal in the 2005 World Orienteering Championships in Aichi (middle distance). He won the overall World Cup in 1998, and received a silver medal in the 2004 European Championships with the Danish relay team.

See also
 Danish orienteers
 List of orienteers
 List of orienteering events

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Danish orienteers
Male orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
Junior World Orienteering Championships medalists


Gidami is a town in western Ethiopia. Located in the Kelem Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of  with an elevation between 1776 and 1928 meters above sea level. It is the main town of Gidami woreda.

History
Charles W. Gwynn wrote that he was detained at Gidami for a month in 1900, then the seat of Dejazmach Jote Talu, while making an official reconnaissance of the Ethiopia–Sudan border; Dejazmach Jote was absent from Gidami during his stay, but Gwynn later learned that Gidami "was distinguished for having stopped three European Expeditions in the course of a few years -- Bottego's, Mangin's, and my own."

By the early 1930s, Gidami was an important coffee market with two or three resident foreign traders. In 1938, the Guido described the town as a large village with many Amhara in an area populated by the Oromo, having a post office, telegraph and infirmary.

On 18 October 2006, Gidami and Begi (town) were the setting for clashes between Muslims and Protestant Christians, resulting in 9 deaths, including the death of two Protestant preachers, and over 100 injured. In addition, 21 churches, one mosque, and dozens of houses were burned, leaving over 400 people homeless.

Demographics
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Gidami has an estimated total population of 5,007 of whom 2,545 are men and 2,462 are women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 2,798 of whom 1,380 were men and 1,418 were women.

Notes

Populated places in the Oromia Region


This is a list of viceroys in Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts), from the start of English colonisation in 1623 and French colonisation in 1625, until the island's independence from the United Kingdom as Saint Kitts and Nevis in 1983.

English Governors of Saint Christopher (1623–1666)

Sir Thomas Warner, 1623–1649
Rowland Rich (or Redge), 1649–1651
Clement Everard, 1651–1660
William Watts, 1660–1666

In 1666, war broke between the French and English colonies, and the French gained control of the entire island.

French Governors of Saint-Christophe (1625–1713)

 Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc, 1625–1636
 Pierre du Halde, 1636–1638
 René de Béthoulat de La Grange-Fromenteau, 1638–1639
 Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, 1639–1644, first time
 Robert de Longvilliers de Poincy, 1644–1646
 Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, 1646–1660, second time
 Charles de Sales, 1660–1666
 Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent, 1666–1689
 Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut, 1689–1690

Between 1690 and 1697, English had control of the entire island.

 Jean-Baptiste de Gennes, 1698–1702.

In 1702, English forces again seized control of the entire island.  The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, finally ceded the entire island to Great Britain.

English Deputy Governors of Saint Christopher (1671–1769)
The 1667 Treaty of Breda restored the English portions of the island to its owners.  In 1671, Saint Christopher joined the British Leeward Islands, which was administered from Antigua by the Governor of the Leeward Islands.  Until 1769, a deputy governor was appointed to oversee local affairs.

Abednego Mathew, 1671–1681
Thomas Hill, 1682–1697
James Norton, 1697–1701
Walter Hamilton, 1704–1706

In 1706, French forces under Henri-Louis de Chavagnac occupied the island.

Michael Lambert, 1706–1715
William Mathews, Jr., 1715–1733
Gilbert Fleming, 1733–1769

Governors of Saint Christopher (1816–1833)

In 1816, the British Leeward Islands was dissolved, and Saint Christopher was again administered separately.

Stedman Rawlins, 1816
Thomas Probyn, 1816–1821
Charles William Maxwell, 1821–1832
Lieutenant-General Sir William Nicolay, 1832–1833

Lieutenant Governors of Saint Christopher (1833–1870)
In 1833, the British Leeward Islands was reformed. A lieutenant governor was appointed to oversee Saint Christopher, subordinate to the Governor of Antigua, viceroy in the reformed colony.

John Lyons Nixon 1833–1836
Henry George Macleod, 1836–1839
Charles Cunningham, 1839–1847
Robert James Mackintosh, 1847–1850
Edward Hay Drummond Hay, 1850–1855
Hercules George Robert Robinson, 1855–1859
Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine, 1860–1866
James George Mackenzie, 1867–1869
William Wellington Cairns, 1869–1870

Presidents of Saint Christopher (1870–1883)
Francis Spencer Wigley, 1870–1872, first time
James Samuel Berridge, 1872–1873
Alexander Wilson Moir, 1873–1883

Presidents of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla (1883–1888)
In 1883, Saint Christopher was united with Nevis and Anguilla under a single presidency based in Saint Christopher and named Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla.

Charles Monroe Eldridge, 1883–1885
Francis Spencer Wigley, 1885–1888

Commissioner of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla (1889–1895)
John Kemys Spencer-Churchill, 1889–1895

Administrators of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla (1895–1967)

Thomas Riseley Griffith, 1895–1899
Charles Thomas Cox, 1899–1904
Sir Robert Bromley, 1904–1906
Thomas Laurence Roxburgh, 1906–1916
John Alder Burdon, 1916–1925
Thomas Reginald St. Johnston, 1925–1929
Terence Charles Macnaghten, 1929–1931
Douglas Roy Stewart, 1931–1940
James Dundas Harford, 1940–1947
Leslie Stuart Greening, 1947–1949
Frederick Mitchell Noad, 1949
Hugh Burrowes, 1949–1956
Henry Anthony Camillo Howard, 1956–1966
Frederick Albert Phillips, 1966–27 February 1967

Governors of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla (1967–1980)

In 1967, Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla became an associated state of the United Kingdom, responsible for its own internal affairs.

Sir Frederick Albert Phillips, 27 February 1967 – 1969, continued
Sir Milton Pensonville Allen, 1969–1975, acting to August 1972
Sir Probyn Ellsworth Inniss, 1975–13 April 1980

Governors of Saint Christopher and Nevis (1980–1983)

In 1980, Anguilla achieved separation, and the state was renamed Saint Christopher and Nevis.

Sir Probyn Ellsworth Inniss, 13 April 1980 – 26 November 1981, continued
Clement Athelston Arrindell, November 1981–19 September 1983

On 19 September 1983, Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence from the United Kingdom.  For a list of viceroys after independence, see Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

See also

 List of colonial heads of Nevis

References

 Rulers.org: Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Worldstatesmen.org: Saint Kitts and Nevis

L01
British Saint Christopher and Nevis people
Saint Christopher
governors
List
governors, Saint Christopher
governors, Saint Christopher


WLST (95.1 FM) is an American commercial radio station licensed to Marinette, Wisconsin broadcasting a country music format.

95.1 FM had been an adult contemporary format (as "The Wave", previously known by the monikers "Live 95" and "Easy Rock 95") station until January, 2008 when then-owner Armada Media swapped formats between WLST and WHYB in Menominee, Michigan. WHYB became "The Wave" while the higher powered WLST took on the "Cat Country" name and format.

Original call letters were WLOT-FM. WLOT was located at 1300 kHz and later became WCJL before going silent in the late 1980s.

External links

LST
Country radio stations in the United States


Physiographic macroregions of China is a term suggested by an American anthropologist G. William Skinner as a subdivision of China Proper into nine areas according to the drainage basins of the major rivers and other travel-constraining geomorphological features. They are distinct in terms of environment, economic resources, culture and more or less interdependent histories with often unsynchronized developmental macrocycles. They were described in Skinner's landmark essays in  The City in Late Imperial China.

19th century
Skinner and his school maintain that prior to modernization, transportation was largely constrained by terrain and the physiographic macroregions are a close approximation for the socioeconomic macroregions of 19th-century China. The macroregions are defined by Skinner as follows:
10 Northeast China, 东北区
20 North China, 华北区
30 Northwest China 西北区
 Wei-Fen Basins  渭汾流域分区
 Upper Yellow River Basin  黄河上游分区
Gansu Corridor  河西(甘肃)走廊分区
40 Upper Yangtze 长江上游区
50 Middle Yangtze 长江中游区
 Middle Yangtze proper 长江中游分区
 Gan Basin  赣江流域分区
 Yuan Basin  沅江流域分区
 Upper Han Basin  汉江上游分区
60 Lower Yangtze 长江下游区
70 Southeast Coast 东南沿海区 (approximately Fujian, eastern part of Guangdong, southern part of Zhejiang, and Taiwan)
 Ou-Ling River Basins  瓯灵流域分区
Min River Basin   闽江流域分区
Zhang-Quan   漳泉分区 (Zhangzhou plus Quanzhou)
Han Basin  韩江流域分区
 Taiwan   台湾分区
 80 Lingnan 岭南区, which may be translated as "South of Mountains". It includes the Southern coast and nearly  coincides with the two entities: province of Guangdong and Guangxi autonomous region, together traditionally called "Two Guang provinces", or Liangguang.
 90 Yungui 云贵区; covers most of Yunnan Province  and larger part of Guizhou Province and corresponds to the Yungui Plateau.

Modern provinces of Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai and a larger part of Inner Mongolia are not considered by Skinner's scheme.

20th century
According to Skinner's analysis, the 20th century China excluding Inner Asia has 9 socioeconomic macroregions with cores not changed from the physiographic ones of the 19th century, but with changed territorial extents.

See also
Regions of China
Administrative divisions of China
 Geography of China#History
 Regional Religious System - an approach to the study of Chinese religion based on Skinner's research

External links
 China Historical GIS Project
  GIS Shapefile format

References

Macroregions
Regions of China


Mikao Usui (臼井甕男, 15 August 1865 – 9 March 1926, commonly Usui Mikao in Japanese) was the father of a form of spiritual practice known as Reiki, used as an alternative therapy for the treatment of physical, emotional, and mental diseases. According to the inscription on his memorial stone, Usui taught Reiki to over 2,000 people during his lifetime. Eleven of these students continued their training to reach the Shinpiden level, a level equivalent to the Western third degree, or Master level.

Early life, family and education
Usui was born on 15 August 1865 in the village of Taniai (now called Miyama cho) in the Yamagata district of the Gifu Prefecture, Japan, which is now located near present-day Nagoya. Usui's father's common name was Uzaemon, and his mother was from the Kawai family. His brothers, Sanya and Kuniji, became a doctor and a policeman, respectively. He also had an older sister called Tsuru. Usui's ancestors were the once influential Chiba clan and were Hatamoto samurai. According to the inscription on his memorial, Tsunetane Chiba, a military commander during the end of the Heian period and the start of the Kamakura period (1180–1230), was one of Usui's ancestors. In 1551, Toshitane Chiba conquered the city Usui and thereafter all family members acquired that name. Usui was raised as a samurai from childhood, specifically in the martial arts techniques of aiki (合氣術).

Although there are many stories extant in the United States that Mikao Usui earned a doctorate of theology at the theological seminary of the University of Chicago, it is evident from further research that he never attended, let alone received any degree from the University of Chicago.

Career and activities
As an adult, it is believed that he traveled to several Western countries, including the Americas, Europe, and China as a part of his continued study. His studies included history, medicine, Buddhism, Christianity, psychology, and Taoism.

It is believed that the aim of Usui's teachings was to provide a method for students to achieve connection with the "universal life force" energy that would help them in their self-development. What sets Usui's teachings apart from other hands-on healing methods is his use of reiju or attunement to remind students of their spiritual connection. It seems that all students of Usui received five principles to live by and those with a further interest in the teachings became dedicated students. There does not appear to have been a distinction between clients and students in the beginning though this may have changed at some point. People began coming to Usui Mikao possibly for different purposes – some for healing and others for the spiritual teachings.

Shugendō is a Japanese mountain ascetic shamanism, which incorporates Shinto and Buddhist practices. The roles of Shugendō practitioners include offering religious services such as fortune telling, divination, channelling, prayer, ritual incantations and exorcism. Shugendo was often used by family clans to heal disease or to avoid misfortune.

Claims of Reiki's Christian origins
Hawayo Takata, a Reiki Master under the tutelage of Chujiro Hayashi (林 忠次郎, 1880–1940), lied about Reiki's history of development to make Reiki more appealing to the West. To this end she made a relation of Reiki with Jesus Christ and not with Buddhism. She also falsely presented Usui as the dean of a Christian school. While he had obtained the knowledge of Reiki from the Buddhist religious book Tantra of the Lightning Flash, Takata claimed that he had been inspired from the story of Jesus Christ, who had healed with the touch of his hand, and so had come to America to learn Reiki. She told this to spread Reiki among Christians too, believing it would otherwise be extinct. However, Reiki originated from Buddhism.

Activity in the 1920s
During the early 1920s, Usui did a 21-day practice on Mount Kurama called discipline of prayer and fasting, according to translator Hyakuten Inamoto. Common belief dictates that it was during these 21 days that Usui developed Reiki. As Mount Hiei is the main Tendai complex in Japan, and is very close to Kyoto, it has been surmised that Usui would also have practiced there if he had been a lay priest. This teaching included self-discipline, fasting and prayer.

Personal life and death
Usui married Sadako Suzuki, who bore children by the names of Fuji and Toshiko. Fuji (1908–1946) became a teacher at Tokyo University. Toshiko died at age 22 in 1935.

Usui died on 9 March 1926 of a stroke.

The family's ashes are buried at the grave site at the Saihō-ji Temple in Tokyo.

See also
 Alternative medicine
 Chujiro Hayashi
 Frank Arjava Petter
 Glossary of alternative medicine
 Hawayo Takata
 Laying on of hands

Notes

1865 births
1926 deaths
Japanese Buddhists
Reiki practitioners


Ten Little Indians is a 2004 short story collection by Sherman Alexie. The collection contains nine stories all of which focus on the Spokane tribe of Native Americans in Washington state.

Stories
 The Search Engine
 Lawyer's League
 Can I Get a Witness?
 Do Not Go Gentle
 Flight Patterns
 The Life and Times of Estelle Walks Above
 Do You Know Where I Am?
 What You Pawn I Will Redeem
 Whatever Happened to Frank Snake Church

Reviews

References

Short story collections by Sherman Alexie
Novels set in Washington (state)
2003 short story collections
Grove Press books


The Ship's Cat, also known under its full title of The Adventures & Brave Deeds Of The Ship's Cat On The Spanish Maine: Together With The Most Lamentable Losse Of The Alcestis & Triumphant Firing Of The Port Of Chagres, is a 1977 children's  narrative poem that was written by Richard Adams with illustrations by Alan Aldridge. The book was first published through Jonathan Cape and describes the adventures of an anthropomorphic Elizabethan ship's cat.

Plot summary
The book follows a ship cat referred to only as "Cat" or "Ship's Cat" who serves as a swashbuckling crew member of the English privateer ship Alcestis. The ship is eventually attacked by Spanish seamen, who capture the ship and its entire crew, who they take to the Panamanian port of Chagres. The cat is also imprisoned, only to be freed by the gaoler's daughter, who puts him to work in the officer's kitchen. There he waits until he has the perfect opportunity to free his crew. This opportunity arises on Saint Philip's Day, as the gaoler and his friends use it as an excuse to drink until they are very intoxicated. The cat frees his shipmates and together they manage to steal a ship, with the intent to sail back to England. Their acts are soon detected by the gaoler and his friends, who give chase until they come across Sir Francis Drake, who is just starting on his expedition to circumnavigate the globe. Free of their pursuers, the cat reveals to the rest of the crew that their stolen ship contained treasure, to the crew's joy. The book ends with the crew returning home, where Queen Elizabeth I knights the cat for his valor.

Reception
The West Coast Review of Books rated The Ship's Cat at three stars.

See also

The Ship's Cat — Novel by Jock Brandis

References

Works by Richard Adams
British poems
British picture books
Children's poetry books
Narrative poems
1977 poems
1977 children's books
Jonathan Cape books
Fiction set in the 1570s
Children's books about cats
British children's books
1977 poetry books
Poems about cats


The Cat Who Sniffed Glue is the eighth book in The Cat Who... mystery series by Lilian Jackson Braun, published in 1988.

Plot summary
Pickax City is first disrupted by vandalism, then by murder. Harley Fitch, vice-president of the Pickax Bank, and his wife, Belle, are found shot to death, and vandals from neighboring Chipmunk are suspected. After three suspects die in a car accident, the case is closed. But Qwilleran does not agree.

In this book, Qwilleran meets Alacoque Wright, his former love interest from The Cat Who Ate Danish Modern. Offering her help to Qwilleran, she ironically refers to herself as "young, talented, friendly female" ("young, talented, friendly female wishes to apply").

Reception
According to Publishers Weekly:

…this [is a] tame, nonmysterious mystery… When Harley Fitch [is murdered, Qwilleran] doesn't discover anything, except for the spotted pasts of the deceased. Eventually, the killer attacks Qwilleran and his identity is made known; there are no clues, no logical way for the reader to figure out whodunit. The author's device of introducing every scene with stage directions, and her reliance on stereotypical characters, may bore ….

References
Publishers Weekly Review

1988 American novels
Sniffed Glue
G. P. Putnam's Sons books


Charles Stevenson "Steve" Abbot (born January 19, 1945) is a retired United States Navy Admiral who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1998 to 2000.

Military career
Abbot was born on January 19, 1945, in Pensacola, Florida. He graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1962 and first in his class from the United States Naval Academy in 1966 and was chosen as a Rhodes Scholar to attend Oxford University. Selected as a naval aviator, he graduated from the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and later naval nuclear power training. During the Gulf War, he commanded the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) and commanded the Theodore Roosevelt battle group while assigned as commander, Carrier Group Eight. He commanded the United States Sixth Fleet from 1996 to 1998, and completed his naval career as deputy commander-in-chief, United States European Command.

Post military career
Abbot retired from the Navy in 2000, and later assumed the position of deputy homeland security advisor to President George W. Bush, a position he held from 2001 to 2003. He then served as the President and CEO of Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society, a private, non-profit organization for assisting sailors, Marines, and their families until he retired in 2019. He is also active within the Military Officers Association of America, where he sits on several committees. He lives in Arlington, Virginia.

In 2020, Abbot, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."

In July 2022, he joined with other former U.S. military leaders in condemning former president and commander in chief, Donald Trump. "While rioters tried to thwart the peaceful transfer of power and ransacked the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, the president and commander in chief, Donald Trump, abdicated his duty to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution.

References

External links

United States Navy admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
1945 births
Living people
American Rhodes Scholars
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
United States Navy personnel of the Gulf War
Phillips Academy alumni


Auld Bourtreebush is a large Neolithic stone circle near Portlethen in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is also known as Old Bourtree Bush or Old Bourtreebush. This megalithic construction is situated near the Aquhorthies recumbent stone circle and the Causey Mounth, an ancient trackway which connects the Scottish Lowlands to the highlands. It is a scheduled monument.

Stone circle
Auld Bourtreebush stone circle lies 200 metres to the west of Old Bourtreebush in Aberdeenshire and within sight of the Aquhorthies recumbent stone circle. It is a scheduled monument. It is 25 metres in diameter and is thought to have been composed of up to 15 orthostats, of which only four remain standing, although several others are lying fallen. Inside the circle was a ring cairn which has been destroyed over time. Whilst it was thought in the past to have been a recumbent stone circle, current archaeological opinion refutes this.

Area history
Subsequent to the prehistory related to the construction of this stone circle, there is considerable medieval history associated with this monument's position along the ancient Causey Mounth trackway. Auld Bourtreebush is situated quite near to this old drovers' road, which was constructed on high ground to make passable this only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen. This trackway specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the present Bridge of Dee is situated) via Portlethen Moss, Muchalls Castle and Stonehaven to the south. The route was that taken by William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose when they led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639.

See also
 Cammachmore
 Prehistoric Scotland

References

Archaeological sites in Aberdeenshire
History of Aberdeenshire
Stone circles in Aberdeenshire
Megalithic monuments in Scotland
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Aberdeenshire


Robert Skimin (July 30, 1929 in Belden, Ohio – May 9, 2011 in El Paso, Texas) was a U.S. Army officer, artist, and Pulitzer Prize-nominated and award-winning author of both fiction and historical books.

Military career
Born in a small village in rural Ohio, Skimin became an army aviator during the Korean War. He was awarded the Purple Heart, the Bronze Star, and the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster.

Author
Skimin has written a number of books of both factual and alternate history.  The Library of Congress lists 14 titles to date. He has received several awards, including induction into the El Paso Writers Hall of Fame, and received the Ohiana Book Award in 1984 for Chikara.  In 1993, he earned a Pulitzer Prize nomination for Apache Autumn with most other titles being best sellers.

His last work was a book series called Danny Drumm's Heroes:
Author speaks of series on YouTube.

Volume 1: Johnny Clem - This book introduces the narrator, a Civil War drummer boy, and his dog Shadow. It tells the story of one of the many drummer boys in the Civil War who later became a two-star general, John Clem.
Volume 2: America's Beginnings - The Spaniards - Danny Drumm narrates the early exploration of the Americas.
Volume 3: The Early Settlement of New Mexico - This book is largely about the Spaniard's conquest of New Mexico and touches on the Indian rebellions.
Volume 4: "The Pilgrims" - and the Indians they met and the unrest with the colonies.
Volume 5: about battles and presidents. In the works, not yet released.

Bibliography
Skimin published both novels and nonfiction.
Los Toros (The Story of Bullfighting) (nonfiction, 1973)
The Booze Game (memoir, 1976)
The Rhodesian Sellout (nonfiction, 1977)
Soldier for Hire (series of adventure novels; Skimin wrote four books in the series, while other writers contributed to the series)
Zulu Blood (1981)
Trojan in Iran (1981)
U.N. Sabotage (1981)
Bloodletting! (1982)
Chikara! (historical novel, 1984)
Gray Victory (alternate history novel, 1988)
Renegade Lightning (written with Ferdie Pacheco) (historical novel, 1992)
Apache Autumn (historical novel, 1993)
Ulysses: A Biographical Novel of U.S. Grant (historical novel, 1994)
The River and the Horsemen: A Novel of the Little Bighorn (historical novel, 1999)
Custer's Luck (written with William E. Moody) (alternate history novel, 2000)
Footprints of Heroes: From the American Revolution to the War in Iraq (nonfiction, 2005)
Danny Drumm's Heroes (four juvenile history books, 2006-2009)

References

People from Lorain County, Ohio
Military personnel from El Paso, Texas
United States Army officers
1929 births
2011 deaths
American male writers


Jose Altagracia Segura Mota (born January 26, 1963 in Fundación, Dominican Republic) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during three seasons at the major league level for the Chicago White Sox and San Francisco Giants. He was signed by the Philadelphia Phillies as an amateur free agent in 1981. Segura played his first professional season (in American baseball) with their Rookie league Helena Phillies in 1981, and his last with the New York Yankees' Triple-A Columbus Clippers in 1995. Segura played for the Wei Chuan Dragons from 1995 to 1997 in the Chinese Professional Baseball League.

External links

1963 births
Living people
Bend Phillies players
Chicago White Sox players
Columbus Clippers players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Helena Phillies players
Kinston Blue Jays players
Knoxville Blue Jays players

Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Nashville Sounds players
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Francisco Giants players
Spartanburg Spinners players
Spartanburg Traders players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Vancouver Canadians players


The Party is the eponymous debut album by the band of the same name.  It was the first full-length release on Hollywood Records, which was released August 1990. The Party worked with the industry's top writers and producers at the time, such as Stephen Bray, Jellybean Benitez, Andre Cymone, and Deborah Gibson.

The album produced two U.S. charting singles:  "That's Why" reached #55 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #52 on Cash Box.  And its follow-up, "Summer Vacation," reached #86 after having peaked a year earlier at #72 in the summer of 1990 as an advance single.

Track listing
"That's Why" (Stephen Bray, Linda Mallah) - 4:43; Lead vocals – Albert
"Coulda, Shoulda, Woulda" (Michael Price, Terry Lupton, Mark Holden) - 4:02; Lead vocals – Deedee
"I Found Love" (Anne Preven) - 3:33; Lead vocals – Tiffini & Damon
"Walkin' in the Rain" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Phil Spector) - 3:52; Lead vocals – Deedee
"Sugar is Sweet" (Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly) - 4:13; Lead vocals –Deedee & Albert
"I Wanna be Your Boyfriend" (T.V. Dunbar, J.W. Gangwer) - 3:45; Lead vocals – Chase
"Summer Vacation" (Albert Fields, Chase Hampton, Damon Pampolina, DJ Dino, MC Gizmo,  Matt Dike, Michael Ross) 4:56; Lead vocals – Damon & Albert
"I'm Just Wishin'" (Sammy McKinney, Michael Monagan) - 3:44; Lead vocals – Tiffini
"Storm Me" (Wayne Hammer, Jeff Slater) - 3:48; Lead vocals – Albert
"Dancing in the City" (Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly) - 4:48; Lead vocals – Tiffini
"Rodeo" (Julian Raymond, Chase Hampton) - 4:28; Lead vocals – Chase
"Ton of Bricks" (Deborah Gibson) - 3:53; Lead vocals – Damon

References

1990 debut albums
Hollywood Records albums
The Party (band) albums


The Vermont Maple Festival is a food and arts celebration held at St. Albans in the U.S. state of Vermont.

The festival is a three-day event held annually over the last weekend in April. During the event, there are exhibits and demonstrations, entertainment, and a craft show all dedicated to maple syrup. It takes place to celebrate the first harvest of the year in Vermont. A pancake breakfast is also held, a parade, antiques show, and the crowning of the festivals' Maple King and Maple Queen.

See also
Vermont Maple Foundation
Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Association

References

External links

St. Albans, Vermont
Vermont cuisine
Agriculture in Vermont
Vermont culture
Tourist attractions in Franklin County, Vermont
April events


Louis Edward Eliasberg Sr. (February 12, 1896 – February 20, 1976) was an American financier and numismatist. A native of Baltimore, Maryland, he is best known in the numismatic community for putting together the only complete collection of United States coins ever assembled, with attention to coins in the best possible condition.  Although the set was not truly "complete" by modern standards (for instance, it did not differentiate between proofs and circulation strikes as most modern collectors and set registries do, and die variations were not emphasized), it is still the most comprehensive U.S. numismatic collection to date.

There were no exceptions unless one considers the 1849 Double Eagle a coin. This is generally categorized as a pattern coin and only two were made: one is on display at the Smithsonian Institution and the other was given to then Treasury Secretary William M. Meredith but its subsequent whereabouts are unknown. No one had ever accomplished this coin collecting feat before, and probably no one will ever accomplish it again.  There were one or two coins unknown at the time of completion of his collection that were later discovered.

Some of the highlights of the Eliasberg collection include a 1913 Liberty Head nickel known as the "Eliasberg Specimen". The coin was later bought by an unnamed California collector for US$5 million on April 25, 2007. Another is the 1873-CC no-arrows Liberty Seated dime. This coin is also notable for being the last coin needed to complete the Eliasberg collection.

He possessed at one time a 1933 $20 gold coin (one of three then known to be owned by private collectors, including King Farouk of Egypt). Upon learning that the government believed the coins had not been legally issued by the mint and was recalling them, Mr. Eliasberg voluntarily returned his coin to the government in 1952 without compensation. A trial jury in U.S. District Court determined in July 2011 that ten other 1933 double eagles claimed as property by Mrs. Joan Langbord had been obtained illegally by Israel Switt and were property of the United States government. This decision was subsequently upheld the following August.

A generous and knowledgeable correspondent with the coin-collecting public, which became aware of him after a LIFE magazine feature story, Eliasberg was presented with a special trophy by Numismatic Gallery Magazine in recognition of his unique achievement.

He later divided his collection between his two children, who separately sold the collection in three landmark auctions.

References

1896 births
1976 deaths
American numismatists


A macroregion is a geopolitical subdivision that encompasses several traditionally or politically defined regions or countries. The meaning may vary, with the common denominator being cultural, economical, historical or social similarity within a macroregion. The term is often used in the context of globalization.

It may refer to various kinds of grouping of nation states basing on geographical proximity.
In Romania,  macroregiuni ("macroregions") are a higher-level subdivision of the country.
Sometimes  the Greater Region of Saarland-Lorraine-Luxembourg -Rhineland-Palatinate-Wallonia-French Community of Belgium- and German-speaking Community of Belgium, which has not found a specific shortcut yet, is called "the macroregion".
Physiographic macroregions of China.
Regions of Brazil are often referred to as "macroregions", to avoid the confusion of the common word "region".

Other uses
The term "macroregion" may be also used in the context of natural regions, like in Slovenia.

See also
 Mesoregion
 Microdistrict, Soviet and Central European urban housing schemes
 Microregion

References

Political geography
Globalization
Regions


Oxford Plains Speedway is a 3/8 mile racetrack located in Oxford, Maine. Established in 1950, the track was originally a half mile before being shortened to a 3/8 mile track. With 14,000 seats, the speedway has the largest seating capacity of any sporting venue in Maine. The main race held there is the HP Hood Oxford 250, which has run under various sanctions over the years; in the early 1990s, the race was a combination race between the NASCAR Busch Series and NASCAR Busch North Series, but it later became an American Canadian Tour Late Model race, and now a Pro All Star Series Super Late Model race. The 250 green flag lap race has often featured stars from NASCAR's three national series, even when it was not an Xfinity championship race in the early 1990s, as it is currently held during the NASCAR late-summer off week.  Among the NASCAR stars who have raced the annual Oxford 250 are 17 drivers who have won NASCAR Cup Series majors, with eleven of them Sprint Cup Series champions, and five of those are now NASCAR Hall of Fame members.

The track is well known for its wide-open turns.

The track also hosted 3 NASCAR Cup Series races between 1966 and 1968. 2 of them won by Bobby Allison and the other one won by Richard Petty.

The speedway is also known around Maine for yearly hosting several Pro All Star Series races during the season, and for its motor mayhem events that include smokey doughnut shows, spectator drags, jack and jill races, enduros, and formally had the ramp jump that has been discontinued for safety reasons. The track offers racing twice weekly during the season. The Wednesday night Oxford Acceleration Series offers five divisions including Outlaws, Rebels, Sport Trucks, Cruisers and Ladies divisions. Saturday night Oxford Championship Series divisions include the headlining Super Late Models with Street Stocks, Bandits, Figure 8's as well as regional divisions that include Legends, North East Classic Lites, the Wicked Good Vintage Racing Association and the Pro All Star Series Modifieds.

The stadium held The Monsters of Rock Festival, featuring Van Halen, Scorpions, Dokken, Metallica and Kingdom Come on June 25, 1988. A show scheduled for the previous day was cancelled.

The Grateful Dead performed, on two consecutive nights, at the racetrack on July 2–3, 1988, with Little Feat as their opening act.

In late 2012 the owner Bill Ryan sold the speedway to current owner Tom Mayberry. Since then there has been a change in the direction of the speedway, it no longer sanctions  ACT-type Late Models as a weekly division, instead turning to Tom Mayberry's PASS (Pro All Star Series) Super Late Models which now serve as the weekly headliner. The Pro All Stars Series Super Late Model and Modified tours also make several stops at Oxford Plains during the racing season.  The Oxford 250 is now a PASS Super Late Model race, with drivers across the continent who participate in Super Late Models under PASS, NASCAR, Champion Racing Association, Spears Southwest Tour, and other top Super Late Model series to use the same car they use in their home series, as most tracks with Super Late Models use a single set of rules for car specification.

In 2018, the American Canadian Tour made its return to Oxford Plains after an absence in 2017 with Eddie MacDonald sweeping both the events. ACT will return in 2019 with the Pro All Star Series and Oxford Plains season opener in May along with the Saturday night race before Oxford 250 Sunday in August. The Oxford 250 night before event will also feature Modified stock car racing from the Tri Track Modified Series.

Super Late Model Track Championship

Annual Oxford 250 Champions

External links
 Official Web Site
Oxford Plains Speedway archive at Racing-Reference

Sports venues completed in 1950
NASCAR tracks
Motorsport venues in Maine
Buildings and structures in Oxford County, Maine
Tourist attractions in Oxford County, Maine
Oxford, Maine
Figure 8 Motorsport venues


Third is the third studio album by the English band Portishead. It was released on 28 April 2008 in the United Kingdom by Island Records and a day later in the United States by Mercury Records. Portishead's first studio album in eleven years, Third moved away from the trip hop style they had popularised, incorporating influences such as krautrock, surf rock, doo wop and the film soundtracks of John Carpenter.

After Portishead released their self-titled second album in 1997, the songwriter and drummer, Geoff Barrow, put Portishead on hiatus and moved to Australia. He became uninterested in music, and efforts to develop new songs with the guitarist and keyboardist, Adrian Utley, failed. They were inspired to create again after producing with the band the Coral, and restarted work with the singer, Beth Gibbons, in Bristol, England.

Third entered the top ten of several countries' music charts and was certified gold in the UK. It was named one of the best albums of 2008 by several publications; in 2013, NME ranked it number 330 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Background
In 1998, following three years of tours and a divorce, the drummer and songwriter Geoff Barrow put Portishead on hiatus and went to Australia. He told Drowned in Sound: "I couldn't find anything I liked musically in anybody, in anything." The guitarist and keyboardist Adrian Utley joined him to work on new material, but they were not satisfied with the results.

In 2003, Barrow wrote "Magic Doors", which he described as "an opening ... then we ended up going back and forth, hating everything and then liking everything, and we had to decide whether to carry on." He and Utley co-produced the 2005 Coral album The Invisible Invasion. The process proved inspiring; according to Barrow, "Here's me and Ade, these older dudes, too scared to even play a note because we were scared we'd hate it, and there’s them, just being able to write a soundtrack in an afternoon."

Recording
Portishead self-produced Third in their Bristol studios. Many of the songs existed for years as sketches, with the members exchanging recordings and adding ideas. By 2006, Portishead had prepared six or seven tracks. Barrow said most of the record was written during a "spurt" at the end of 2007.

Wanting to move away from the trip hop sound they had popularised, Portishead avoided using instruments they had used before; Barrow said "the basic thing was to sound like ourselves, not to repeat ourselves". The band members experimented with swapping roles; Barrow played bass, and the singer Beth Gibbons played guitar on "Threads". Utley said Portishead were "looking for limited frequency in instruments ... limited playing, too. I pursued virtuosity for many years, learning scales and harmony, and being able to improvise through scales and chords, but technique isn't important for me any more."

For the first track, "Silence", Barrow initially sampled a record that had a spoken-word Portuguese introduction. Inspired by a Wiccan theory about the number three, Portishead wrote a "manifesto", had it translated into Portuguese, then recreated the sample with the new words to introduce the album. They did not synchronise the guitar's delay effect with the tempo, creating harsh, asynchronous echoes.

Portishead used several analogue synthesisers, including a Minimoog, Korg MS-20, ARP 2600, Siel Orchestra and VCS 3, and a clavioline, an electronic keyboard that predates the synthesiser. For "Threads", the band used the "evil" detuned sound of the VCS 3 to create a foreboding horn-like sound, inspired by the English progressive rock band Hawkwind. The Siel Orchestra's sequencer was not sophisticated enough to play the arpeggios in "The Rip", so the band recorded the notes individually and edited them into an arpeggio pattern. The track also features a toy acoustic guitar Utley found in a junk shop.

"Deep Water" was inspired by Steve Martin's performance of "Tonight You Belong to Me" in the 1979 film The Jerk. Utley was initially unimpressed with Barrow's concept for the song, and said: "I couldn't get with it at all, didn't like it. Geoff said he wanted to put these backing vocals on it, and I said I was having nothing to do with it. We didn't argue, I just conceded on that. But now I really quite like it, and the funny thing is Geoff is moving the other way on it."

To create the rhythm on "Machine Gun", Portishead sampled the drum machine in an old electronic organ. The synthesiser outro was inspired by the film soundtracks of John Carpenter. For "Magic Doors", the band added hurdy-gurdy, and saxophone played by Will Gregory of Goldfrapp. According to Utley, "We made [Gregory] be a free jazz player that day ... We told him just to go fucking mad, to freak the fuck out. He had to move out of the room, so we couldn't see him, so he'd feel less inhibited."

Music
Third contains elements of electronica, experimental rock and psychedelic rock. It departs from Portishead's trip hop sound, the genre they had popularised with their albums Dummy (1994) and Portishead (1997). It also contains no turntable scratching, a hallmark of their earlier albums. Gareth Grundy of Q wrote that "Thirds sole link with the past is Gibbons' voice ... Everything else has been binned, the hip hop, the cinematic feel, the lot." Instead, Third contains "muscular" synthesisers, drum breaks and abrupt endings, with "propulsive" krautrock rhythms, break beats, cathedral organ, "Moroccan drones" and surf rock. The AV Club wrote that Gibbons "sounds more hollowed-out and harrowed than ever, a human nervous twitch on too much coffee and too little sleep".

The opening track, "Silence", has a "propulsive" drum loop and "Morse code"-like guitar. "We Carry On" has a "claustrophobic" two-note electro riff; Rolling Stone likened it to the work of the American psychedelic band Silver Apples. "Deep Water" is a "ukulele doo-wop". "Machine Gun" is driven by a "mechanical" rhythm that gives way to synthesisers which Drowned in Sound likened to the soundtracks of the 1980s films The Terminator and Blade Runner. "Magic Doors" features "huge" piano chords, "tick-tocking" cowbell, and "corrupted" brass.

Release and promotion
Third was released on 28 April 2008 on Island Records in the United Kingdom, 29 April Mercury Records in the United States, and 30 April on Universal Music Japan in Japan. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number two and the US Billboard 200 at number seven, becoming Portishead's highest US chart debut, selling 53,000 copies.

On 8 and 9 December 2007, Portishead curated the All Tomorrow's Parties festival in Minehead, England, and performed their first full sets in nearly 10 years, including tracks from Third. On 21 January 2008, Portishead announced a European tour to support the album, with a headline spot at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 26 April 2008, their only US date on the tour.

On 21 April 2008, a week before its release, Third was made available as a free stream on Last.fm, attracting 327,000 listeners in 24 hours. It was the first time Last.fm made an album available before its release. Third was the fifth-bestselling vinyl record of 2008, selling 12,300 copies.

Reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews and ratings from mainstream critics, Third has a metascore of 85 based on 38 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

In his review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine said Third was "genuinely, startlingly original" and "utterly riveting and endlessly absorbing". The A.V. Club Michaelangelo Matos wrote that "nearly every track provides some little sonic goody midway through as a reward for continued attention after all these years. For once, it's worth the effort." Reviewing Third for Drowned in Sound, Nick Southall wrote that "several individual songs drift by almost unnoticed at first, contributing little more than a sense of unease to the collective memory of the album; an impression of oppression. Those numbers that do stand out, though, drag the record close to magnificence." John Payne of the Los Angeles Times wrote: "Though several doses of this languid, tension-filled music get a tad draining, taken altogether it is a suitable sound for our troubling times, and there's an invigorating mysteriousness. Its blaring electronic peals are a wake-up call." The Guardian reviewer Jude Rogers found that the album "is initially more a record to admire than to love ... But after several listens, Third majesty unfurls."

Louis Pattison of NME wrote that Third was "adventurous, sometimes dauntingly so – but seldom anything less than compelling" and said it was Portishead's best album. PopMatters' Alan Ranta wrote that it would eventually be seen on par with Portishead's earlier work. Pitchforks Nate Patrin named Third the week's "best new music", writing that it was "a staggering transformation and a return to form that was never lost, an ideal adaptation by a group that many people didn't know they needed to hear again". In Rolling Stone, Rob Sheffield wrote that Third was "an unexpected yet totally impressive return". Mike Bruno of Entertainment Weekly said it was less accessible than Portishead's earlier music, but "no less gorgeous". Gareth Grundy of Q gave it three out of five and was disappointed that Portishead had moved away from their earlier sound, writing: "Third will probably be more admired than listened to ... Dummy was a challenging record that just happened to find an audience. Third merely turns up the black until the darkness is overwhelming."

Third was named the best album of 2008 by PopMatters, second best by Pitchfork, ninth by the Guardian, and 25th by NME. It was included in the 2014 edition of 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In 2019, the Guardian named it the 45th best album of the 21st century. In December 2008, American webzine Somewhere Cold ranked Third No. 7 on their 2008 Somewhere Cold Awards Hall of Fame. In 2013, NME named it number 330 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Track listing

Personnel
 Beth Gibbons – vocals, keyboards, electric guitar on "Threads"
 Geoff Barrow – drums, keyboards, synthesizer, bass guitar, percussion, programming
 Adrian Utley – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, ukulele, keyboards, synthesizer, programming
 Charlotte Nicholls – cello on "Silence" and "Threads"
 Claudio Campos – spoken intro on "Silence"
 Wendy Bertram – bassoon on "The Rip"
 Team Brick – clarinet on "Plastic," vocals on "Deep Water"
 David Poore & Ben Salisbury (the Somerfield Workers Choir) – vocals on "Deep Water"
 Will Gregory – saxophone on "Magic Doors" and "Threads"
 John Baggott – rhodes piano on "Magic Doors"
 Stu Barker – hurdy-gurdy on "Magic Doors"
 Clive Deamer – drums on "Threads"
 Jim Barr – bass guitar on "Threads"

Production
Producer – Portishead
Recording engineers – Adrian Utley, Stuart Matthews, Rik Dowding, John Pickford
Mix engineers – Geoff Barrow, Craig Silvey
Art design – Marc Bessant
Photography – Larry Bennett

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history
Third has been released in various formats.

References

External links
  NME interview with Geoff Barrow and Adrian Utley discussing the tracks on the album.

2008 albums
Albums produced by Geoff Barrow
Island Records albums
Mercury Records albums
Portishead (band) albums


Thomas or Tom Ellis may refer to:

Law and politics
Thomas Ellis (15th-century MP), in 1421 Member of Parliament (MP) for Kent
Thomas Ellis (1569–1627), MP for Great Grimsby
Thomas Ellis (Irish politician) (1774–1832), U.K. Member of Parliament representing Dublin City, 1820–1826
Thomas J. Ellis (born 1959), Pennsylvania attorney and politician
Thomas Flower Ellis (1796–1861), law reporter
T. E. Ellis (1859–1899), Welsh politician
Thomas F. Ellis (1920–2018), American lawyer and political activist
Tom Ellis (politician) (1924–2010), British Member of Parliament, 1970–1983
Thomas Hobart Ellis (1894–1981), Governor of East Pakistan
T. S. Ellis III (born 1940), American federal district judge

Religious figures
Thomas Ellis (priest, died 1673) (1625–1673), Welsh clergyman
Thomas Ellis (priest, died 1792) (1711/12–1792), Welsh clergyman

Others
Thomas Sayers Ellis, American poet and photographer
Tom Ellis (actor) (born 1978), Welsh actor
Thomas Ellis (Irish emigrant), in 1866 the first European settler in Penticton, British Columbia
Tom Ellis (journalist) (1932–2019), radio and television news anchor
Tommy Ellis (born 1947), NASCAR racing driver
Thomas Iorwerth Ellis (1899–1970), Welsh classicist
Tom Ellis (architect) (1911–1988), English architect
Tom Ellis (rugby league) (1904–1995), Australian rugby league footballer
Thomas Ellis (cattle baron), Canadian cattle baron
Tom Ellis (rugby union) (born 1994), English rugby union player
Thomas Ellis (Tuskegee Airman) (1920–2018) Tuskegee Airman
Thomas Ellis (cricketer) (1828–?), English cricketer

See also

Thomas Ellys (1685–1709), MP