Voided biaxial slabs, sometimes called biaxial slabs or voided slabs, are a type of reinforced concrete slab which incorporates air-filled voids to reduce the volume of concrete required. These voids enable cheaper construction and less environmental impact. Another major benefit of the system is its reduction in slab weight compared with regular solid decks. Up to 50% of the slab volume may be removed in voids, resulting in less load on structural members. This also allows increased weight and/or span, since the self-weight of the slab contributes less to the overall load.

Theory
Concrete has numerous applications in building construction, but its use for horizontal slabs is limited by its relatively high density which reduces the maximum span. The usual method of rectifying this disadvantage is to incorporate some kind of reinforcement, which enables concrete slabs to be used for a broad range of spans and loading conditions. Traditional approaches to structural reinforcement involve embedding another material inside the concrete, however, biaxial slabs provide an alternative solution in the form of a two-way slab which incorporates orthogonal concrete "beams" within the slab. This allows greater support in both horizontal directions in order to transfer weight to a vertical member.

The general concept of voided biaxial slabs relies on voids created within the concrete at the time of casting. This creates an internal array of hollow boxes in the slab, which acts as grid of horizontal supports for the flat surface on top. Another advantage is the reduction in weight, achieved by removing mass which does not directly transfer weight to a vertical member. Typical solid slabs have a loading capacity of around one-third of their own weight, which can create problems for long spans and high loadings. By reducing the weight of the slab without compromising its structural strength, it is possible to create a thicker slab to support more weight over a longer span.

Hollow-core slabs, also known as voided slabs, initially appeared as one-way elements in Europe during the 1950s, and are still commonly manufactured in precast form for applications where fast construction and low self-weight are required. Waffle slabs are a common type of hollow-core slab which use the same principle as voided biaxial slabs. However, their voids are placed on the underside of the slab rather than embedded within the slab, leading to lower shear strength and fire resistance. There has been a range of proprietary implementations of voided biaxial slabs, including the use of polystyrene blocks as a filler material in the voids. However, many implementations have suffered from flexural cracking and lack of shear resistance.

Structure

All voided biaxial slabs incorporate an array of rigid void formers which contain air within the voids. These void formers are most commonly made of plastic such as high-density polyethylene, and may use recycled materials. The void formers are produced in a variety of shapes depending on the design of the slab. Common designs include spheres, boxes, ellipsoids and toroids.

The voids are usually placed in a grid-like arrangement, temporarily supported by a framework which is eventually enveloped in concrete. This framework has been implemented in various ways, but the most efficient method uses a steel mesh in order to reduce material use and create an optimal geometric proportion between concrete, reinforcement, and voids.

The voids are positioned in the middle of the cross section, where concrete is least beneficial to the structure. The integrity of the solid layers is maintained, as the top and bottom of the slab can experience particularly high stresses. This enables the slab to effectively resist both positive and negative bending moments.

Since the underside of the slab is flat it may be finished to create an interior ceiling, in contrast to the contoured underside of waffle slabs.

Construction

Prefabricated systems
Some vendors of voided biaxial slabs supply prefabricated components which are quicker to install onsite. Prefabricated slabs also have the advantage of a smooth underside suitable for use as a ceiling without further finishing. Varying degrees of prefabrication are available, including entire slabs. Prefabricated modules commonly consist of a fully cast piece of slab, including all components encased in concrete. This technique consists of a "bubble-reinforced sandwich" of reinforcing mesh and voids cast in concrete. A contiguous layer of smooth finish concrete is then poured onsite, along with the addition of structural anchoring to fix the modules together.

Cast in site systems
Voided biaxial slabs cast onsite take longer to construct than prefabricated slabs, but are sometimes cheaper. In a typical casting procedure, a decking of formwork is constructed out of metal or wood. This provides temporary support for the voids and the curing concrete. After the decking is constructed, reinforcing mesh is installed to support the voids. Alternatively, the voids and mesh may be supplied as a prefabricated module. Since the air in the voids is of lower density than the surrounding concrete, it tends to float to the surface of the concrete. To ameliorate this, the slab may be cast in multiple layers so that the mesh is initially anchored and is then able to restrain the voids from floating upwards in later pours.

Failures
In 2017 the BubbleDeck system caused controversy due to the collapse of a parking garage at Eindhoven airport in the Netherlands. This was due to insufficient shear strength at the interface between the precast concrete slabs, potentially caused by incorrect mounting of the slabs, high temperatures during construction. After the incident an investigation was started among buildings using the same flooring system, leading to the closure of several buildings in the Netherlands, including one at the University of Rotterdam and a school building under construction in Hoeven.

Comparison to other slab types
Investigations according to Eurocodes have concluded that voided biaxial slabs may be modelled like solid slabs. To which degree depends on the shape of the voids. This is considered an advantage over one-way ribbed slabs, which must be calculated as an array of beams.

Compared to traditional solid slabs, the reduced self-weight of biaxial slabs allows for longer spans and/or reduced deck thickness. The overall mass of concrete can be reduced by 35–50% depending on the design, as a consequence of reduced slab mass, as well as lower requirements for vertical structure and foundations. Biaxial slabs commonly span up to 20 metres at a thickness of around 500 mm. The added strength also reduces the acoustic transmittance of the slab for low frequencies.

The reduced mass of biaxial slabs also results in a more environmentally friendly product which produces less CO2 emissions both in its construction and indirectly through the reduction of surrounding structural support. Total carbon emissions may be reduced by up to 41%. Slabs are one of the greatest consumers of concrete in many buildings, so reducing the slab mass can make a relatively large difference to the environmental impact of a building's construction.

Biaxial slabs may be marginally cheaper than solid slabs, partly due to the lower mass. If using prefabricated versions, labor can also be significantly reduced, resulting in faster and cheaper construction. This can yield time savings of up to 40% compared with traditional solid slabs. However, this is heavily dependent on the particular system, and systems relying on onsite placement of void formers requires much more labor than solid slabs.

Compared to one-way hollow-core slabs, biaxial slabs are more resistant to seismic disturbance. One-way decks are supported by a combination of walls and beams, leading to a relatively rigid structure which increases the risk of progressive collapse.

One of the most significant differences between solid slabs and voided biaxial slabs is their resistance to shear force. Due to a lower volume of concrete, the shear resistance is also reduced. For slabs using spherical voids, the shear resistance is approximately proportional to the volume of concrete, as the geometry of the voids causes efficient transfer of force to load-bearing parts, enabling all the concrete to be effective. Other shapes of voids, with flat or flattened surfaces, will result in more concrete and/or less strength. This relates especially to shear capacity, where the capacity of a slab with boxes can be 40% lower than for a slab of identical height using spherical voids. For punching shear, the capacity of a slab with spherical voids can be 600% higher than for a box slab. In some cases where greater shear resistance is required in a localised area (such as junctions with piers or walls), the voids may be omitted, leading to a partially solid slab.

See also
Concrete
Reinforced concrete
Building construction
Construction engineering
Structural engineering
Filigree concrete
Rebar

References

Building engineering
Floors
Concrete


Hawthorne High School and Middle School is a grades 6-12 public high school and middle school in Hawthorne, Florida, United States.

Athletics
Hawthorne High and Middle School offers many different sports, including basketball, baseball, cheerleading, football, softball, volleyball, and track.

In 2020, Hawthorne High School won Florida state championships in division 1A for both its girls and boys basketball teams, while its football team also advanced to the state championship game for the first time in the school's history.  Hawthorne's football team appeared in the state championship in both the 2020 and 2021 seasons.

Notable alumni
Cornelius Ingram, American football player, Philadelphia Eagles (2009–2011), University of Florida (2004–09)
Kevin Lynum, American college basketball coach, Florida A&M University (2018–2020), Norfolk State University (2022–Present)

References

External links

High schools in Alachua County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Public middle schools in Florida


{{Infobox station
| name          = Gouda
| type          =
| style         = NS
| image         = Gouda Hauptbahnhof 2.jpg
| image_caption = Gouda railway station
| address       = Gouda, South Holland,
| coordinates   =
| line          = Utrecht–Rotterdam railwayGouda–Den Haag railwayGouda–Alphen aan den Rijn railway
| other         =
| structure     =
| platform      = 6
| depth         =
| levels        =
| tracks        = 11
| parking       =
| bicycle       =
| baggage_check =
| opened        = 21 May 1855
| closed        =
| rebuilt       =
| electrified   =
| ADA           =
| code          =
| owned         = Nederlandse Spoorwegen
| zone          =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former        =
| passengers    =
| pass_year     =
| pass_percent  =
| pass_system   =
| mpassengers   =
| map_type = Netherlands Randstad ZW#Netherlands
| connections   =  Arriva: 1, 2, 3, 4, 175, 178, 190, 196, 278, 386, 497,  (, 726     Syntus Utrecht: 106, 107',
| services =
}}Gouda' is a railway station in Gouda, Netherlands. The station opened on 21 May 1855 when the Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (Dutch Rijn Railway Company) opened the Utrecht–Rotterdam railway. The Gouda–Den Haag railway to The Hague was opened in 1870, and the connection to Alphen a/d Rijn in 1934.

Trains running between Den Haag Centraal / Rotterdam Centraal and Utrecht Centraal call at the station, as well as the RijnGouweLijn connection to Alphen a/d Rijn.

In November 1944, during World War II, the strategically located railway station was bombed by the Royal Air Force. The main building of the railway station was severely damaged; traces of the bombing are visible to this day on platforms 3 and 5. In 1948 a new building was constructed out of the remaining first floor of the old building. This was replaced by the current building in 1984.

Train services

The following train services call at Gouda:
1x per hour intercity service Rotterdam – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Zwolle – Groningen
1x per hour intercity service Rotterdam – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Zwolle – Leeuwarden
2x rush hour intercity service Rotterdam – Utrecht
1x per hour intercity service The Hague – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Hengelo – Enschede
1x per hour intercity service The Hague – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Amersfoort Schothorst
2x per hour rush hour intercity service The Hague – Utrecht
2x per hour local service (sprinter) Rotterdam – Gouda – Gouda Goverwelle – Woerden – Amsterdam – Uitgeest
2x per hour local service (sprinter) Rotterdam – Gouda – Gouda Goverwelle (Peak hours only)
2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague – Gouda – Gouda Goverwelle – Utrecht
2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague – Gouda – Gouda Goverwelle (Weekdays only)
4x per hour local service (sprinter'') Gouda – Alphen aan den Rijn

Bus services

 1
 2
 3
 4
 106
 107
 175
 178
 190
 196
 278 (rush hour 178)
 386
 497
 726

External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Railway stations in South Holland
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in 1855
Gouda, South Holland
1855 establishments in the Netherlands
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 19th century


Thomas Mullins (died 1823) was a British Army officer of the 44th Regiment of Foot, best known for his misconduct at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. While he performed well during the Chesapeake campaign, his failure to check on the regiment's engineering supplies at New Orleans played a key role in the disorganization and subsequent defeat of the British there.

Birth and early career
Mullins was the third son of Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry and his second wife Christabella.

On 27 January 1791, he was promoted from Ensign of the 24th Regiment of Foot to become a lieutenant in the Independent Companies, and on 22 February 1791, he exchanged again from half-pay in the Independent Companies to the 45th Regiment of Foot. He was promoted to captain on 20 July 1794. He was appointed to the second battalion of the 44th when the second battalion was raised in Dublin in 1803. Subsequently, he transferred to the first battalion. In 1810, he married Parnell, the widow of Major-General Archer.

Chesapeake campaign
When Colonel Arthur Brooke, lieutenant colonel of the 44th Regiment of Foot assumed the command of a brigade during the Chesapeake campaign, Mullins was breveted lieutenant-colonel and assumed command of that regiment. He was mentioned in despatches by General Robert Ross for his leadership at the Battle of Bladensburg, which took place on 24 August 1814. Mullins was also commended for his conduct during the Battle of North Point by Brooke, who succeeded Ross when the latter fell to a skirmisher's bullet.

New Orleans campaign
During the New Orleans campaign, Brooke continued to command a brigade including the 44th during the initial landing, and Mullins retained command of that regiment.

The 44th was assigned by General Edward Pakenham to be the advance guard for the first column of attack on 8 January 1815, and to carry the ladders and fascines which would enable the British troops to cross the ditch and scale the American ramparts. Mullins was not pleased, viewing the regiment's role as that of a forlorn hope. Perhaps due to his bad temper, he failed to personally locate the ladders and fascines on the evening of the 7th, as Pakenham had ordered him to do. The officer he assigned to do so inquired about their location from an engineer officer, and reported they were in the advanced redoubt.

During the night, a battery was set up about  forward of the advanced redoubt. Mullins, thinking this to be the location of the materiel, passed the advanced redoubt and halted the regiment at the battery. Upon discovering his mistake, he sent 300 men back to the redoubt at the double-quick to pick up the fascines and ladders, but it was too late. The other regiments were already advancing behind the 44th, the party of 300 lost formation as they struggled to reach the redoubt, and as day dawned, the attack commenced before the supplies could be brought forward.

The British column had already been disordered by the passage of the 300 returning to the redoubt, and they advanced into a storm of American fire. Without the fascines and ladders, they were unable to scale and storm the American position. Major-General Gibbs encouraged them with cries of "Here come the 44th!", while vowing, in an undertone, to hang Mullins on the highest tree in the swamp if he lived until tomorrow. It was to no avail. The British attacks on the east side of the Mississippi River failed in bloody confusion, with Pakenham and Gibbs among the casualties.

Aftermath
Upon the return of the 44th to Dublin at the close of the campaign, Mullins was tried by a court-martial between 11 July 1815 and 1 August 1815, on the charges of having neglected orders to collect fascines and ladders, having allowed the regiment to pass the redoubt containing the fascines and ladders, and for having engaged in "scandalous conduct", in remarking to an officer of his regiment that the 44th was a "forlorn hope...and must be sacrificed" after receiving orders that the regiment should carry fascines. While he was acquitted of the latter charge, he was convicted of the first two and cashiered from the Army. He died in 1823, leaving no children.

References

1823 deaths
British Army personnel of the War of 1812
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Sherwood Foresters officers
Younger sons of barons
44th Regiment of Foot officers
Year of birth unknown


Eduard Heyck (May 30, 1862 – July 11, 1941) was a German cultural historian, editor, writer and poet.

Family
Eduard Karl Heinrich Berthold Heyck was born at Doberan, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the son of the retired garden center owner Eduard Heyck (1836–1903).  He was a son-in-law of the writer and poet Wilhelm Jensen (1837–1911) and the father of Hans Heyck (1891–1972) and Prof. Dr. med. Hartwig Heyck (1912–1982). His first wife, Maina Heyck-Jensen (1870–1940), was a painter and occasional writer. Eduard Heyck studied comparative philology, history and art history at Leipzig, Jena and Heidelberg. After a PhD. thesis judged "summa cum laude" entitled "Genua und seine Marine im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge" ("Genoa and its navy during the time of the Crusades") (1886) Heyck was appointed "Dozent", i.e. lecturer at Freiburg (Breisgau) university. In 1892 he returned to Heidelberg University as extraordinary professor for history; from the summer of 1896 until spring of 1898 he was Director of Archives at the Fürstlich-Fürstenberg Library and Archives in Donaueschingen. Starting in 1898 he lived as an independent scholar in Munich and Berlin; in 1909 he moved to Ermatingen (Switzerland), where he died in 1941. Eduard Heyck was twice married and was the father of three sons ond one daughter.

Career
Heyck was a many-talented historian, editor, writer and poet. As a young lecturer he was awarded a contract by the Baden Historical Commission to write "Die Geschichte der Herzoge von Zähringen" ("The history of the dukes of Zähringen" (1891). This work is even now considered a basic text and is still being reprinted. Other well-known books by Heyck are a three-volume "Deutsche Geschichte" ("German History") and "Die Allgemeine Zeitung 1798–1898 ", a newspaper history (1898). Among the many other short and long works by Heyck are "Briefe einer Heidelberger Burschenschaft 1914/1918" ("Letters of a Heidelberg student association 1914/1918") and "Höhenfeuer. Ein deutsches Lesebuch" ("Mountain-peak fires. A German reader" – a collection of poetry). As independent scholar Heyck gave many speeches throughout Germany, took part in 1898 in the Palestine Expedition of Emperor William II, and in 1900 he travelled to Brazil on a lecture tour which was sponsored by the German ambassador, Count Arco. Eduard Heyck was an enthusiastic student corps member. From 1893 until his death, i.e., for almost fifty years, he was the editor of the "Allgemeines Deutsches Kommersbuch" ("General German students´song book"), sometimes called the "Lahrer Kommersbuch" or ADK. Beside his work as an editor he contributed texts for some songs to the song book himself). During his editorship 450,000 copies of the book were printed. Heyck is probably best known as the first editor and sometime author of the "Monographien zur Weltgeschichte" ("Monographs of World History"), first published in 1897 by Velhagen and Klasing, which he edited for almost forty years. He also contributed several volumes to the "Künstler Monographien" ("Artists´ monographs") by the same publisher. During his long life Heyck published dozens of articles on historical, cultural and artistic topics. He was also active as a bibliophile. From 1898 to 1900 he was chairman of the "Gesellschaft der Bibliophilen" ("Society of Bibliophiles"), which had been founded by Fedor von Zobeltitz, and belonged for several more years to the executive. For his 75th birthday Heyck received the "Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft" ("Goethe Medal for Art and Science") from Adolf Hitler.  He died, aged 79, at Ermatingen, Switzerland.

Works by Eduard Heyck

As author
 1885: Genua's Marine in ihrem Verhältniss zur Regierung der Stadt: Die ältere Verfassungsgeschichte Genua's
 1886: Genua und seine Marine im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge: Beiträge zur Verfassungs- und zur Kriegs-Geschichte
 1886: Heidelberger Studentenleben zu Anfang unseres Jahrhunderts: nach Briefen und Akten
 1888: Relatio de Heinrici VII. Imperatoris itinere italico
 1889: Vaterlandslieder: die Dichtung der deutschen Träume und Kämpfe des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts
 1891: Geschichte der Herzoge von Zähringen
 1892: Urkunden, Siegel und Wappen der Herzoge von Zähringen
 1895: Die Staatsverwaltung der Cherusker
 1897: Die Mediceer
 1898: Bismarck
 1898: Kaiser Maximilian I.
 1898: Die Allgemeine Zeitung 1798–1898: Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Presse
 1898–1900: Die Kreuzzüge und das heilige Land
 1901: Friedrich I. und die Begründung des preußischen Königtums
 1902: Frauenschönheit im Wandel von Kunst und Geschmack
 1902: Der Große Kurfürst
 1903: Hans von Bartels
 1905: Anselm Feuerbach
 1905: Maria Stuart, Königin von Schottland
 1905/6: Deutsche Geschichte: Volk, Staat, Kultur und geistiges Leben (3 Bde)
 1906: Geschichte des Kostüms (with Adolf Rosenberg)
 1907: Johanna von Bismarck
 1907: Moderne Kultur, ein Handbuch der Lebensbildung und des guten Geschmacks, in Verbindung mit ..... Hermann Hesse ..herausgegeben.
 1908: Lukas Cranach
 1908: Wilhelm von Oranien und die Entstehung der freien Niederlande
 1909: Luther
 1915: England und Holland
 1917: Das Deutschland von Morgen
 1918: Parlament oder Volksvertretung?
 1919: Die Deutschen bis zur Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts. Die Kelten.
 1919: Briefe einer Heidelberger Burschenschaft 1914–1918
 1920: Höhenfeuer
 1927?: Das Ende der Flittermonde des Hei-ho
 1928: Gaja
 1933: Die Blutreinheit der Germanen

As editor
 1892: 1941 "Allgemeines Deutsches Kommersbuch"
 1920-1933/34: "Fortunatus", Blätter für das Studententum
 1897: 1933  "Monographien zur Weltgeschichte". In Verbindung mit anderen

General sources
 Dictionary of German Biography; Ludwig Bielschowsky, "Eduard Heyck – ein deutscher Gelehrter, Liederdichter und Bibliophile," in "Börsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel", Nr. 17, 27. February 1976, A39-42;
 Hans Heyck, "Zum Andenken an Prof. Dr. Eduard Heyck", in "Der Convent", Jahr 5, Heft 4, April 1954, 94–96; library catalogs (Internet).

Citations

1862 births
1941 deaths
People from Bad Doberan
People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
German poets
German bibliophiles
German male poets


Macomb Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 Macomb Township, McDonough County, Illinois
 Macomb City Township, McDonough County, Illinois (contiguous with Macomb, Illinois)
 Macomb Township, Michigan

Township name disambiguation pages


Abbéville-la-Rivière () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants are known as Abbevillois in French.

Population

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

Communes of Essonne


Lucenay-le-Duc () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Lucey () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Christian Träsch (born 1 September 1987) is a German former professional footballer who played as a right-back or defensive midfielder.

Club career
Träsch had his professional debut on 3 February 2008 against Schalke 04. He scored his first goal for VfB Stuttgart on 5 October 2008 against Werder Bremen from a 25-meter volley.

On 21 January 2009, he extended his contract at VfB Stuttgart until the summer of 2012.

On 25 July 2011, Träsch moved to VfL Wolfsburg.

On 25 October 2014, Träsch played 89 minutes in a reserve team match where he scored a 10th-minute goal.

On 30 May 2015, he played as Wolfsburg won the German Cup for the first time defeating Borussia Dortmund 3–1 at the Olympic Stadium, Berlin.

Träsch announced his retirement from playing in October 2020 aged 33. He appeared in over 240 matches in the top two divisions of the German football pyramid.

International career
Träsch was nominated on 19 May 2009 to the senior Germany squad for a tour of Asia. He made his debut on this tour in a match against United Arab Emirates on 2 June. He was substituted on in the 79th minute for Andreas Hinkel. His tenth and last international match was a 3-3 between Ukraine and Germany on 11 November 2011 in Kyiv.

Career statistics

Honours
1860 Munich
 Under 17 Bundesliga: 2005–06

VfL Wolfsburg
 DFB-Pokal: 2014–15
 DFL-Supercup: 2015

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football midfielders
German men's footballers
German expatriate men's footballers
Germany men's international footballers
TSV 1860 Munich players
TSV 1860 Munich II players
VfB Stuttgart players
VfB Stuttgart II players
VfL Wolfsburg players
FC Ingolstadt 04 players
Al Wasl F.C. players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
UAE Pro League players
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
German expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Footballers from Upper Bavaria
Sportspeople from Ingolstadt


Lusigny-sur-Ouche () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Lux () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Maconge () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magnien () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-Lambert () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Simyo is a brand for various mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in Europe. In the Netherlands, it is owned by KPN. In Spain, it is owned by Orange España.

The brand previously was active in France (owned by Bouygues, discontinued in 2015), in Germany (owned by Telefonica, discontinued in 2016, replaced by Blau), and Belgium (owned by KPN, discontinued in 2017).

History

The company was founded in May 2005 as a joint-venture with E-Plus. Its headquarters are in Düsseldorf led by Nicolas Biagosch, the current CEO. The success of the pioneer Tchibo late 2004 (in a 50-50 cooperation with O2) and Simyo's entry into the German mobile telephony market in early 2005 were followed by several similar offers from other low-cost providers around mid-2005 resulting in a general price decline in the German mobile market.

The German provider Mobilcom first tried to stop Simyo with an injunction, as E-Plus hadn't granted the same conditions to other providers and hadn't given sufficient notice about the start of the mobile offering. The Federal Network Agency decided this case on 12 July 2005 in favor of Simyo, and justified this by saying that:
"The simyo offer was not simply a new tariff, but a new product. In light of its commercial, technical and marketing philosophy which has renounced costly, hitherto widely found features, it differed in essential details from conventional prepaid products."

In Germany, it was marketed with the slogan "Weil Einfach einfach einfach ist.", notable for its word repetition. It roughly translates into "because simple is simply simple" or "because easy is simply easy".

On 3 January 2007, E-Plus announced the complete takeover of Simyo. Simyo does not own a wireless network but, as an MVNO, uses the network infrastructure of its parent company. In May 2010, Nicolas Biagosch took over as CEO from Rolf Hansen. Simyo is part of the E-Plus Group which has 22.7 million subscribers (Dec 2011).

Simyo belongs to the Dutch telecommunications group KPN, after acquisition of the remainder of E-Plus on March 14. 2002. In Spain, Simyo has been operating under the trade name of Simyo as an MVNO since January 29, 2008 through the Orange network. KPN sold its stake in Simyo France on December 22, 2011  to Bouygues Telecom, KPN's main mobile partner in France. KPN lost control of the German Simyo operations in 2014 when it sold E-Plus to Telefonica, although it retained a financial investment in Telefónica Germany.

Simyo bases its business strategy on "Self-management via the Internet", using a model similar to that originally made popular by online banks. This business structure permits considerable cost savings, which the operator passes on in its rates. Another aspect that helps to cut costs is that they do not subsidise handsets.

Simyo Nederland
Simyo Nederland acquired customers from Debitel (October 23, 2008) and Tringg (May 14, 2011) when KPN acquired these stakes in the Netherlands.

References

External links
Simyo Netherlands
Simyo Spain

KPN
Mobile virtual network operators
Mobile phone companies of the Netherlands
Mobile phone companies of Belgium
Mobile phone companies of Germany
Mobile phone companies of Spain
Dutch brands
Telecommunications companies established in 2005


Magny-la-Ville () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-lès-Aubigny (, literally Magny near Aubigny) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-lès-Villers is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-Montarlot () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-Saint-Médard () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Magny-sur-Tille (, literally Magny on Tille) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Les Maillys () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Kate Lee, born Catharine Anna Spooner, (9 March 1859 – 25 July 1904) was an English singer and folksong collector, one of the founders of the Folk-Song Society in 1898.

Early life and education
She was born in Rufford, Nottinghamshire, one of the ten children of Lucius Henry Spooner and Margaret Skottowe Parker Spooner. Her father was a land agent who died in 1874; her mother was from Ireland. Her cousins included William Archibald Spooner, who gave his name to the "spoonerism".

Spooner entered the Royal Academy of Music in January 1876 with the ambition to become a singer. After marriage and motherhood, Lee resumed her studies at the Royal College of Music from 1887 to 1889.

Career
Lee had a short but busy professional singing career. She sang in a Drury Lane production of Die Walküre in 1894, and had her debut concert the following year. She also sang at campaign events when her husband ran for a seat in Parliament in 1895. She was described variously as a contralto or a mezzo-soprano in range. In 1900, she gave her last performance, singing to illustrate her lecture on folk song.

Lee also collected folksongs, often while bicycling in the countryside, notably from James and Thomas Copper.  She wrote about them in an 1899 article, "Some Experiences of a Folk-Song Collector". "I shall never forget the delight of hearing the two Mr. Coppers, who gave me the songs," she recalled, "They were so proud of their Sussex songs, and sang them with an enthusiasm grand to hear." She was a member of the Irish Literary Society, and in 1898 was one of the leading figures in convening the first meetings of the Folk-Song Society. She became the Society's first secretary, but illness soon required that she hand over the work to Lucy Broadwood.

Personal life
Catharine Anna Spooner married barrister and sugar merchant Arthur Morier Lee (1847–1909) in December 1877. She had two sons, Phillip (1879–1914) and Archibald (born 1881). In 1900 she became ill with cancer, and she died at Stubbings near Maidenhead in 1904.

References

1859 births
1904 deaths
English folk-song collectors
English classical singers
19th-century British women singers
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
People from Newark and Sherwood (district)
British women folklorists
19th-century musicologists


Maisey-le-Duc () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mâlain () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

Sights
 The Château Fort Saint-Georges, or Château Fort de Mâlain, is a ruined castle with origins from the 11th century.

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Maligny () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


John Scagliotti is an American film director and producer, and radio broadcaster. He has received honors for his work on documentaries about LGBT issues including Before Stonewall and After Stonewall.

Biography
During the 1970s, Scagliotti was the News and Public Affairs Director of WBCN/104.1 in Boston. For his work in radio, he was awarded two Major Armstrong Awards. In the early 1980s, Scagliotti attended New York University Film School. He created In the Life for PBS. This was the United States' first gay and lesbian national series.  The Scagliotti-produced 1985 documentary film Before Stonewall won the Audience Award at L.A. Outfest and two Emmy Awards. Scagliotti directed a companion piece, After Stonewall.  The film won a Golden Eagle and the Audience Award at the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Film Festival. Scagliotti is openly gay. His partner for 24 years was the late journalist Andrew Kopkind. Together they produced the radio show The Lavender Hour.

Filmography
1984: Before Stonewall (Producer)
1999: After Stonewall
2003: Dangerous Living: Coming Out in the Developing World
2017: Before Homosexuals — a prequel to Before Stonewall

References

External links

American LGBT broadcasters
American gay men
American people of Italian descent
American radio personalities
Gay entertainers
American LGBT film directors
LGBT film producers
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


Manlay () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marandeuil () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcellois is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcenay () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcheseuil () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcigny-sous-Thil (, literally Marcigny under Thil) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcilly-et-Dracy () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcilly-Ogny () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marcilly-sur-Tille (, literally Marcilly on Tille) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Etymology
According to Auguste Mochot, publishing a book on Marcilly-sur-Tille in 1882, the origin of the name would come from "Mar" = isolated mountain and "arci" = entrenched place, which makes "Marci" = entrenched place near of an isolated mountain. The final "illy" to be regarded as a detail of locution specific to the idiom of the region.

Town planning

Typology
Marcilly-sur-Tille is an urban municipality, because it is a part of dense municipalities or intermediate density, within the meaning of the municipal density grid of INSEE. It belongs to the urban unit of Is-sur-Tille, an intra-departmental agglomeration regrouping 2 communes and 6,068 inhabitants in 2017, of which it is a commune of the suburbs.

In addition, the municipality is part of the attraction area of Dijon, of which it is a municipality in the crown. This area, which includes 333 municipalities, is categorized in areas of 200,000 to less than 700,000 inhabitants.

Land use
The zoning of the municipality, as reflected in the database European occupation biophysical soil Corine Land Cover (CLC), is marked by the importance of the agricultural land (76.7% in 2018), a proportion roughly equivalent to that of 1990 (75.5%). The detailed breakdown in 2018 is as follows:

 arable land (65.9%)
 heterogeneous agricultural areas (10.8%)
 urbanized areas (10.6%)
 industrial or commercial areas and communication networks (6%)
 forests (3.4%)
 inland waters (3.2%)

The IGN also provides an online tool to compare the evolution over time of land use in the municipality (or in territories at different scales). Several eras are accessible as aerial maps or photos: the Cassini map (18th century), the map of Staff (1820-1866) and the current period (1950 to present).

History
By its isolated position, the location of Mont de Marcilly naturally attracted prehistoric men. Indeed, it allowed the control of the valley of the Tille. This observation post also served as a refuge in case of danger. Weapons (blades of sickles and knives), clearly specialized tools (like saw) were found there and are exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Dijon.

In the 16th century, the town was called Marcilly and, in Patois, Marcillei. Its inhabitants are the Marcillians. It depended on the diocese of Langres and was part of Champagne at that time. It was not until 1790 that it was attached to the Côte d'Or. Apart from a lawsuit for grazing in 1566, the Marcillians generally have good relations with the Issois (residents of Is-sur-Tille). They would even have united, as Huguenots (or Reformed) to burn the hunt which contained the relics of Saint-Florent in Til-Châtel. But with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 78 inhabitants, or 3/4 of the population abjured and returned to the bosom of the Catholic Church.

There have been many lords in Marcilly since around 1,250: Lords of Til-Châtel, of Gemini, then of Is in part, according to the different marriages, partitions, inheritances of the time. Around 1876, there were mostly wine growers and cultivators. The village consisted of only two streets that met at an acute angle in front of the church: rue de la Route (now called Grande Rue) and rue du Potet.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22 is a leading case on causation in English tort law. It concerned  malignant mesothelioma, a deadly disease caused by breathing asbestos fibres. The House of Lords approved the test of "materially increasing risk" of harm, as a deviation in some circumstances from the ordinary "balance of probabilities" test under the "but for" standard.

Facts
Mr Fairchild had worked for a number of different employers, as a subcontractor for Leeds City Council, all of whom had negligently exposed him to asbestos. Mr Fairchild contracted pleural mesothelioma. He died, and his wife was suing the employers on his behalf for negligence. A number of other claimants were in similar situations, and joined in on the appeal. The problem was, a single asbestos fibre, inhaled at any time, can trigger mesothelioma. The risk of contracting an asbestos related disease increases depending on the amount of exposure to it. However, because of long latency periods (it takes 25 to 50 years before symptoms of disease become evident) it is impossible to know when the crucial moment was. It was impossible therefore for Mr Fairchild to point to any single employer and say "it was him". Moreover, because the traditional test of causation is to show that "on the balance of probabilities" X has caused Y harm, it was impossible to say that any single employer was the cause at all. While it was possible to say "it was one of them" it was impossible to say which. Under the normal causation test, none of them would be found, on the balance of probabilities to have caused the harm.

Judgment
The House of Lords held that, following McGhee v National Coal Board the appropriate test in this situation was whether the defendant had materially increased the risk of harm toward the plaintiff. The employers were joint and severally liable against the plaintiff (though amongst themselves they could sue one another for different contributions). It was wrong to deny the claimants any remedy at all. Therefore, the appropriate test of causation is whether the employers had materially increased the risk of harm to the claimants.

Lord Bingham gave the leading judgment.

Lord Hoffmann said the following:

Significance
The cost of this ruling was enormous. It is estimated that this single judgment was worth £6.8bn. Approximately 13 Britons die every day from asbestos related diseases, and the rate of deaths are increasing.

In this context, another asbestos related case came before the House of Lords in Barker v Corus [2006] UKHL 20. This time the question was whether, if one of the employers that was responsible for the materially increasing the risk of harm had gone insolvent, should the solvent employers pick up the proportion for which that insolvent employer was responsible? The House of Lords accepted the argument that the solvent employer should not. So for example, Mr B has worked for employers X, Y, and Z for ten years each. X, Y and Z have all exposed Mr B to asbestos, and it is not possible to say with which employer Mr B had contracted a disease. But now X and Y have gone insolvent, and Mr B is suing Z. The House of Lords held that Z would only have to pay one third of the full compensation for Mr B's disease, in other words, Z has only "proportionate liability" for that part which he materially increased the risk of Mr B's harm. This outcome was advocated by a number of academics.

The essential decision to be made is whether a tortfeasor or a claimant should bear the risk of other tortfeasors going insolvent. It is important to keep in mind, that in the example above, Z may not have actually caused any harm. Moreover, it might have been that Z in fact caused all the harm. After the decision in Barker there was a swift and fierce political backlash, with large numbers of workers, families, trade unions, and Members of Parliament calling for the reversal of the ruling. This was on the basis that it would undermine full compensation for working people and their families. Soon enough the Compensation Act 2006 was introduced, specifically to reverse the ruling. However the Act only applies to mesothelioma. What remains to be seen is whether the "proportionate liability" idea will crop up in other situations.

The Fairchild Exception
The Fairchild (material increase in risk) exception to the ordinary rules of causation (balance of probabilities) was implemented into Section 3 of the Compensation Act 2006. This allows employees to recover damages when the conditions for applying the exception are met, these are laid out in Section 3(1)(a)-(d) of the Act:

See also

Cases Mentioned
 Barker v. Corus
 Asbestos and the law
 Negligence
 English tort law
 Causation
 McGhee v National Coal Board
 Bailey v Ministry of Defence

References
 Factories Act 1961 (c 34) ss 63 and 155
 The Compensation Act 2006 s3 (1)(a)-(d)

Notes

External links
 Full judgment from the House of Lords.

English tort case law
English causation case law
House of Lords cases
2002 in United Kingdom case law
Mesothelioma
Asbestos disasters


Marey-lès-Fussey (, literally Marey near Fussey) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Macon Township may refer to:
Macon Township, Bureau County, Illinois
Macon Township, Harvey County, Kansas
Macon Township, Michigan
Macon Township, Franklin County, Nebraska

Township name disambiguation pages


Marey-sur-Tille (, literally Marey on Tille) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marigny-le-Cahouët () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marigny-lès-Reullée () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marliens () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Marsannay-le-Bois () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Martrois () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Massingy () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Lingones


Eterna is a Swiss luxury watch company founded in Grenchen, Canton Solothurn, on 7 November 1856 by Josef Girard and Urs Schild. The company is now owned by Hong Kong-based Citychamp Watch & Jewellery Group Limited, an investment holding company formerly known as China Haidian Holdings.

History
On 7 November 1856, Dr. Joseph Girard and Urs Schild, a 28-year-old school teacher, founded the ébauche factory "Dr. Girard & Schild“. Eight years later the enterprise set out the mutual rights and obligations of employees and employers in writing. Urs Schild became a National Councilor in 1882. Six years later, he died at the age of 58. After the death of Urs Schild, his son Max took over the company and soon made a business trip to the United States. He returned to introduce machinery to the craftsmen. Max Schild was ahead of his time and his ideas were unpopular. Discouraged, he left the company and handed power over to his brother Theodore, with whom Eterna entered a prosperous 20th century.

In the 1900s, wristwatches were just starting to become fashionable. Schild Fréres, as the company was then known, started to produce ladies’ wristwatches adapted from small pocket watches. In 1905, the company changed its name to Eterna. The company continued to be at the leading edge of watch development, and in 1908 it patented the first alarm wristwatch. The watch went into production in 1914 and was launched at the Swiss National Exhibition in Bern that year.

By 1932, Eterna had set up a subsidiary company, ETA SA, to make movements for itself and other Swiss watch companies. This same year, Theodore retired and handed over the control of the company to his nephew Rudolf Schild. Theodore remained on the board of directors after retirement until his death in 1950.

Eterna produced many innovations in their history: the smallest production wristwatch with a Baguette movement in 1930, an eight-day alarm watch in the 1930s and their first automatic watch in 1938.

In 1948, Eterna advanced self-winding watch technology with the development of the Eterna-matic automatic movement. The use of five strategically placed ball bearings made the movement very efficient and significantly reduced friction and resistance on the oscillating weight that wound the mainspring. This reduced the wear and tear on internal parts, increasing the watch’s accuracy and useful life. The new watch became popular, and is probably the most famous Eterna watch and may be one of Eterna’s greatest designs. Its popularity was such that in 1948 Eterna adopted the image of five balls as its corporate logo.

After 1982, Eterna was sold several times. By 1995, it was owned by FAP Beteiligungs GmbH. In 1999, Eterna produced a range of watches marketed under the Porsche Design label. Porsche Design sold Eterna to International Volant Ltd, a subsidiary of China Haidian on 30 June 2012. China Haidian was renamed in 2014 to Citychamp Watch & Jewellery Group Limited.

In the 2000s Eterna resumed manufacturing watches and creating the Calibre 6036 in 2004. The ultra-thin automatic 3030 was produced for the 150th anniversary in 2006. In 2009, a half-century after the Eterna-Matic, the "Spherodrive" once again highlighted the significance of tiny ball-bearings in mechanical watchmaking. The company remains active in wristwatch design.

Milestones

 The 1870s: The first watch built entirely in-house
 1908: Patent filed for the world’s first wrist alarm clock
 1910: "Grand Prix" honors at the Brussels World Exhibition
 1914: The first serially-produced wrist alarm clock is introduced
 1930: Designs of the smallest production wristwatch with a "baguette" movement
 1948: Birth of the friction-reducing ball-bearing mounted rotor system and production of the Eterna-Matic
 1947: The "Kon-Tiki", a tribute to the expedition of the Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl in 1947
 The 1950s: Actresses including Gina Lollobrigida and Brigitte Bardot wear the "Golden Heart"
 1956: The 100th anniversary "Centenaire" automatic.
 1962: The thinnest men's watch with an automatic movement and a date window, the "Eterna-Matic 3000 Dato" with a movement height of 3.6 mm.
 The 1980s: The "Museum" line breaks the thinness record in all categories. The quartz wristwatch has a thickness of only 0.98 mm.
 1980: Eterna receives the "Grand Prix Triomphe de l'Excellence Européenne".
 2006: For the company's 150th anniversary the automatic calibre 3030 is released.

Collections

 Adventic
 Vaughan
 Madison
 Heritage
 Centenaire
 1948
 KonTiki
 Tangaroa
 Artena
 Contessa
 Eternity

Gallery

References

External links
Official website

Grenchen
Swiss watch brands
Watch manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Companies based in the canton of Solothurn
Companies established in 1856


Massingy-lès-Semur (, literally Massingy near Semur) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Massingy-lès-Vitteaux (, literally Massingy near Vitteaux) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mauvilly is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mavilly-Mandelot is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Maxilly-sur-Saône is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. The inhabitants are called Maximilliens and Maximilliennes.

Geography
Located a few kilometers from the Haute-Saône, Maxilly-sur-Saône is crossed by a canal which connects the River Marne to the Saône.

Bordering municipalities

Town planning

Typology
Maxilly-sur-Saône is classified as a rural municipality, because it is part of the a category of municipalities with a low or very low population density, as defined by the municipal density grid of the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques.

In addition, Maxilly-sur-Saôn is part of the attraction area of Dijon, of which it is a municipality in the crown. This area, which includes 333 municipalities, is categorized in areas of 200,000 to less than 700,000 inhabitants.

The zoning of the municipality, as reflected in the database European occupation biophysical soil Corine Land Cover (CLC), is marked by the importance of the agricultural land (59.6% in 2018), a proportion roughly equivalent to that of 1990 (59.1%). The detailed breakdown in 2018 is as follows:

 forests (30.7%)
 meadows (29%)
 arable land (18.2%)
 heterogeneous agricultural areas (12.4%)
 urbanized areas (7.1%)
 inland waters (2.3%)
 industrial or commercial zones and communication networks (0.5%).

The Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière also provides an online tool to compare the evolution over time of land use in the municipality (or in territories at different scales). Several eras are accessible as aerial maps or photos: the Cassini map (18th century), the map of Staff (1820-1866) and the current period (1950 to present).

Points of interest
Maxilly-sur-Saône is home to a Lock where the canal from the Marne to the Saône ends (or begins). Saint-Martin Parish church can also be found in the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Le Meix is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Meloisey () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Meloisey is a village of the Hautes Côtes de Beaune wine region, close to Beaune.

Population

See also
French wine
Burgundy wine
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

External links

 Châteaux in and around the town of Beaune

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Menesble () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Ménessaire is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central-east France. In 2019, it had a population of 86. Ménessaire is a Côte-d'Or exclave situated between the Nièvre and Saône-et-Loire departments. It comprises the Mont de Gien, the highest point in Côte-d'Or, at 721 metres.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Morvan Regional Natural Park

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Enclaves and exclaves


Ménétreux-le-Pitois () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Merceuil () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Messanges () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Messigny-et-Vantoux () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


WHNR (1360 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Cypress Gardens, Florida, and serving the Lakeland - Winter Haven area of Central Florida.  The station airs a Variety Hits radio format and is owned by Ferris Waller, through licensee Walco Enterprises, LLC.  WHNR is part of a four-station simulcast, including 1170 WKFL Bushnell, 1330 WWAB Lakeland and 1390 WAVP Avon Park.

By day, WHNR broadcasts with 5,000 watts, but to protect other stations on 1360 AM, it reduces power to 2,500 watts at night.  It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array.

History
On , the station signed on the air as WINT.  That call sign stood for WINTer Haven, its original city of license.  WINT was a daytimer, transmitting with 1,000 watts by day but required to go off the air at night.  It played Top 40 music.

In 1972 the station changed its call sign to WZNG playing an Oldies format.  On November 2, 1983, the station changed its call sign to WYXY playing an Adult Contemporary format.

On March 16, 1990, the station changed its call sign to the current WHNR playing a mix of Adult Standards and Soft Adult Contemporary music.  The station was silent for a time in 1995 before moving to an Urban Adult Contemporary format under the branding "Power 1360, the Soul of Central Florida".

In 1996, the station flipped to a Regional Mexican format under the branding "La Poderosa" (The Power).  In 2010, the station began to air classic country from 7PM to 6AM.

Ferris Waller's Walco Enterprises, LLC, of Plant City, Florida, made a deal to buy WHNR from Catco Communications in early December 2017. FCC approval was granted in July 2018. Waller owns several businesses in the Plant City area. The station is now being branded as "Boss Hogg Radio" and is playing a variety hits format known as "Heinz 57 Music."  It includes classic country and oldies.  The station built a remote radio studio at the Plant City Farm & Flea Market.

References

External links

HNR
Radio stations established in 1983
1983 establishments in Florida


Meuilley () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Kristine Duvholt Havnås (born 31 January 1974) is a former Norwegian team handball player and World Champion. She was born in Tønsberg. She received a silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. She received a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
She was voted into the All star team at the 1999 World Championship.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Norwegian female handball players
Olympic handball players for Norway
Handball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Tønsberg
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
20th-century Norwegian women
20th-century Norwegian people


Meulson () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Meursanges () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


De or Dey is a Bengali surname commonly used by the Bengali Hindu community of India and Bangladesh. De/Dey is derived from the last name Deb/Dev or Deva. The surname has been associated mainly with Bengali Kayasthas, but is also found among Suvarna Banik, Teli and some other communities.

In 12th–13th century, a Bengali Hindu dynasty Deva ruled over eastern Bengal after the Sena dynasty. The capital of this dynasty was Bikrampur in present-day Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. This Hindu Vaishnava dynasty is different from an earlier Buddhist Deva dynasty (c. 8th–9th century) of Samatata, whose capital was Devaparvata. Four rulers of this dynasty are known from the inscriptions: Shantideva, Viradeva, Anandadeva and Bhavadeva.

Notable people with the surname

Academics
 Barun De (1932–2013), historian
 Bishnu Dey (1909–1982), poet
 Chandra Kumar De (1889–1946), Indian folklorist
 Harinath De (1877–1911), linguist
 Kanny Lall Dey (1831–1899), chemist
 Sambhu Nath De, (1915–1985), scientist
 Shobhaa De (1948), writer

Artists
 Manishi Dey (1906–1989), artist
 Mukul Dey (1895–1989), artist
 Rani Chanda (née Dey) (1912–1997), artist

Bar and the Bench
 Niren De, lawyer

Businessmen
 Ramdulal Dey (Sarkar) (1752–1825)

Civil Servants
 Brajendranath De (1852–1932), ICS officer

Films
 Deepankar De (1944), actor
 Gita Dey (1931–2011), actress
 Sreejita De (1989), actress
Susan Dey (1952), actress

Journalists
 Lal Behari Dey (Mondal) (1824–1892), Indian journalist and author

Music
 K.C. Dey, (1893–1962), Singer
 Manna Dey (1919–2013), Indian singer
 Mohini Dey (1996), Bengali Indian bass player, singer and song writer

Social Reformers
  Saroj Nalini Dutt (née Dey), M.B.E., (1887–1925), social worker

Spiritual Leaders
 A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, born Abhay Charan De (1896–1977), spiritual teacher and founder of ISKCON

Sports
 Krishanu Dey (1962–2003), Indian football player

See also
 Dey (disambiguation)

References

Marathi-language surnames
Surnames of Indian origin
Bengali Hindu surnames


Millery is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mimeure () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Léonne-Julie Alix de la Fay, also known as Julianne Bournonville and Madame Alix (14 December 1748 – 14 March 1826), was a French ballet dancer and dance instructor.  She played an important part in the development of the Royal Swedish Ballet.  She was the sister of the famous ballet dancer Antoine Bournonville and the aunt of August Bournonville.

Life and career

She was born Léonne-Julie Bournonville in Brussels, Austrian Netherlands, in 12 December 1748, as the child of the French actors Louis-Amable Bournonville and Jeanne Evrard, members of the theatre troupe of Charles-Simon Favart.

She accompanied her parents to Lyon in the troupe of Noverre in 1759-60 and debuted in La Ciaconne by Jean Dupré in Vienne in 1765.
She performed at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg under Gasparo Angiolini, and in Cassel in 1772-81.

She arrived in Sweden in 1782, where she joined the Royal Swedish Ballet at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm.  In 1783, she was made premier dancer.  On 8 February that same year, she married Claude Alix de la Faye, the French dentist of the queen - in contrast with many other contemporary female dancers who married men with a different profession to their own, she continued to be active in her profession after her marriage.  She was commonly known as "Madame Alix".

She gave her last performance in 1798, in the opera Cora och Alonzo (Cora and Alonzo), and was granted retirement with a pension for life on condition that she continued to be active as a dancing instructor.  She had been doing this for years anyway, training students to perform pantomime ballet in a similar way to that of Anne Marie Milan Desguillons, who taught students to perform children's plays, and de la Fay duly continued as an instructor after her retirement.

She died in Stockholm in 1826, aged 77.

See also
 Giovanna Bassi
 Louis Gallodier

References
Österberg, Carin et al., Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
 Certaines biographies la dissent née à Bruxelles, d'autres indiquent Ath ou Hal. L'extrait de l'acte de mariage de Claude Alix de La Faye et de Julie Bournonville (Stockholm, 8 février 1783, Chapelle française) indique : « Lëonne Julie Bournonville, native de la paroisse de Notre Dame de Hatte entre Gand et Bruxelles, fille majeure de feu Monsieur Louis Amable Bournonville, officier au service de France, et de Dame Jeanne Evrar ». La seule commune entre Bruxelles et Gand dont la pronunciation pourrait faire penser à Hatte est Haaltert.

Notes

Further reading

Entertainers of the Austrian Netherlands
Entertainers from Brussels
Entertainers from Stockholm
1748 births
1826 deaths
18th-century French ballet dancers
Gustavian era people
Royal Swedish Ballet dancers
Women of the Austrian Netherlands


Mirebeau-sur-Bèze (, literally Mirebeau on Bèze) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Mirebeau is the site of a monumental castrum or fortress for about 5000 Roman legionaries. Extensive aerial reconnaissance and excavations since 1964 have shown the extent of the site and its presence of Legio VIII Augusta. The large camp had stone ramparts with towers, gates, principia (headquarters) with monumental entrance, storehouses, thermae (thermal baths), an amphitheatre whose embankments are still visible, and a wharf on the river Bèze. The fort was surrounded by a V-shaped ditch, and later two more ditches were dug on two of the sides.

Tile stamps of the VIIIth Legion show that the camp was built in 70 AD, when the legion arrived with Vespasian in Gaul to oppose the revolts of the Treveri and especially the Ubii and Lingones against Rome. The legion left in 86 at the latest to its next base at Argentoratum (now Strasbourg).

Civil canabae built-up outside the fortress and continued after the army left at the crossroads of ancient roads on the site of the present village, becoming a substantial settlement. A theatre was restored by a Roman citizen's daughter when it was falling into ruin. Upstream an important Celtic and later Gallo-Roman sanctuary had developed.

Other buildings around the fortress included a mansio, a kind of hotel for state officials.

An underground aqueduct supplying the fortress has been excavated.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Roman legionary fortresses in France
Roman fortifications in Gallia Lugdunensis


Missery is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Moitron () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Molinot () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Moloy () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Molphey () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Parc naturel régional du Morvan

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


WLKF (1430 AM "Talk Radio 96.7") is a commercial radio station licensed to Lakeland, Florida, and serving Central Florida.  It broadcasts a talk radio format and is owned by Hall Communications, Inc.

By day, WLKF transmits with 5,000 watts, but to avoid interference with other stations on 1430 AM, at night it reduces power to 1,000 watts.  It uses a non-directional antenna at all times.  Programming is also heard on FM translator W244BJ at 96.7 MHz in Lakeland.

Programming
Weekdays on WLKF begin with a local news and information show, "Polk County Live with Len Erickson."  The rest of the weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated conservative talk shows:  Brian Kilmeade, Dan Bongino, Sean Hannity, Dave Ramsey, Eric Metaxas, "Coast to Coast AM with George Noory" and  "America in the Morning."

Weekends feature shows on money, health, Christian programming, real estate, gardening, food, technology, pets, car repair and travel.  Weekend hosts include Kim Komando as well as repeats of weekday shows.  Most hours begin with an update from ABC News Radio.

History
On , the station first signed on as WLAK.  It was an NBC Red Network affiliate.  It stayed with NBC throughout the 1960s.  The call letters were changed to WQPD on December 1, 1971.

In the early 1980s, another call letter change took place, switching to the current WLKF.  The station began airing a full service adult contemporary sound.   The format lasted until 1987 when it switched to its current Talk Radio format.

References

External links

LKF
Radio stations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Florida


Montagny-lès-Beaune (, literally Montagny near Beaune) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montagny-lès-Seurre (, literally Montagny near Seurre) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Gallery

Communes of Côte-d'Or


The Canada Development Corporation was a Canadian corporation, based in Toronto, created and partly owned by the federal government and charged with developing and maintaining Canadian-controlled companies in the private sector through a mixture of public and private investment. It was technically not a crown corporation as it was intended to generate a profit and was created with the intention that, eventually, the government would own no more than 10% of its holdings; it did not require approvals of the Governor-in-Council for its activities and did not report to parliament. Its objectives and capitalization, however, were set out by parliament and any changes to its objects decided upon by the Board of Directors had to be approved by parliament.

History
The CDC was created as a result of Walter Gordon's Royal Commission on Canada's Economic Prospects, and the 1968 Watkins Report commissioned by Gordon, in an attempt to redress the problem of foreign ownership in the Canadian economy by stimulating the development of Canadian owned corporations, particularly in the field of natural resources and industry.

About 31,000 private shareholders invested in the corporation. An early purchase of the corporation was Connaught Laboratories, the original manufacturer of insulin.

Major investments owned by the CDC included holdings in petroleum, mines and petrochemicals including Polymer Corporation, an asset transferred to it by the Canadian government. By 1982 the Canadian government had a 49% stake in the CDC.

In 1986 the Corporation was dismantled as part of the Mulroney government's program of privatization.

References

External links
  1972 interview with then CDC president Marshall Crowe.

1971 establishments in Ontario
Canadian companies established in 1971
Defunct companies of Ontario
Government-owned companies of Canada
Companies disestablished in 1986
Investment companies of Canada


Thomas Mullins may refer to:

Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry (1736–1824), supporter of the Union of Great Britain and Ireland
Thomas Mullins (British Army officer) (died 1823), son of the 1st Baron, cashiered for his actions at the Battle of New Orleans
Thomas de Moleyns, 3rd Baron Ventry (1786–1868), grandson of the 1st Baron, British soldier
Thomas Mullins (Irish politician) (1903–1978), Irish politician
Thomas Mullins (racehorse trainer), see 2008 Grand National


Montberthault () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montceau-et-Écharnant () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montigny-Montfort () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Chateau de Montfort

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


WQXM (1460 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Bartow in Central Florida.  It airs a Spanish language Contemporary Hits radio format known as "Ritmo 99.9."  It is owned by Aliuska Leiva Marti, through licensee DRC Broadcasting, Inc.

By day, WQXM broadcasts at 10,000 watts, using a directional antenna.  But to reduce interference to other stations on 1460 AM, WQXM greatly reduces power at night to 155 watts, switching to a non-directional antenna.  The transmitter is on North Maple Avenue near Lyle Parkway in Bartow, Florida.  Programming is also heard on FM translator W260DA at 99.9 MHz.

FM translator
WQXM programming is relayed on an FM translator, which gives listeners for the improved sound of FM stereo.

History
The station went on the air as WRMX on 2004-09-30.  On 2004-10-11, the station changed its call sign to the current WQXM.

References

External links

QXM
QXM
Radio stations established in 2004
Bartow, Florida
2004 establishments in Florida


Montigny-Mornay-Villeneuve-sur-Vingeanne () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

The Vingeanne river runs through the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montigny-Saint-Barthélemy () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Parc naturel régional du Morvan

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montigny-sur-Armançon (, literally Montigny on Armançon) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montigny-sur-Aube (, literally Montigny on Aube) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montlay-en-Auxois () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Parc naturel régional du Morvan

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Auisle or Óisle (  or  ; died c. 867) was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late ninth century. He was the son of the king of Lochlann, identified in the non-contemporary Fragmentary Annals of Ireland as Gofraid, and brother of Amlaíb Conung and Ímar, the latter of whom founded the Uí Ímair dynasty, and whose descendants would go on to dominate the Irish Sea region for several centuries. Another Viking leader, Halfdan Ragnarsson, is sometimes considered a brother. The Irish Annals title Auisle, Ímar and Amlaíb "kings of the foreigners". Modern scholars use the  title "kings of Dublin" after the Viking settlement which formed the base of their power.

Auisle is mentioned three times in contemporary annals. In the first entry, dated 863, he and his brothers are recorded as having raided Brega, including underground tombs at Achad Aldai, Cnodba, and Dubad. The second, dated 866, records  Auisle and Amlaíb raiding Pictland, taking away many hostages. In the final entry, dated 867, the death of Auisle at the hands of unnamed kinsmen is reported. According to the later Fragmentary Annals his brothers Amlaíb and Ímar plotted his death, with Amlaíb striking the killing blow.

Background

The earliest recorded Viking raids in Ireland occurred in 795. Over time, these raids increased in intensity, and they overwintered in Ireland for the first time in 840–841. Later in 841 a longphort was constructed at Áth Cliath (Irish for hurdled ford), a site which would later develop into the city of Dublin. Longphorts were also established at other sites around Ireland, some of which developed into larger Viking settlements over time. The Viking population in Ireland was boosted in 851 with the arrival of a large group known as "dark foreigners" – a contentious term usually considered to mean the newly arrived Vikings, as opposed to the "fair foreigners", i.e.  the Viking population which was resident prior to this influx. A kingdom in Viking Scotland was established by the mid ninth-century, and it exerted control over some of the Vikings in Ireland. By 853 a separate kingdom of Dublin had been set up which claimed control over all the Vikings in Ireland.

Auisle's brother Amlaíb arrived in Ireland in 853 according to the Annals of Ulster:

Amlaíb is named in the annals as a "king of the foreigners", but in modern texts he is usually labelled the first king of Dublin, after the Viking settlement which was the base of his power. His brothers arrived in Ireland later, and they ruled together as co-kings. The Fragmentary Annals go into more detail regarding Amlaíb's arrival:

Lochlann, originally Laithlinn or Lothlend, the land where Amlaíb's father was king, is often identified with Norway, but it is not universally accepted that it had such a meaning in early times. Several historians have proposed instead that in early times, and certainly as late as the Battle of Clontarf in 1014, Laithlinn refers to the Norse and Norse-Gael lands in the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, the Northern Isles and parts of mainland Scotland. Whatever the original sense, by the twelfth century, when Magnus Barefoot undertook his expedition to the West, it had come to mean Norway.

Biography

Auisle is first mentioned by the Irish Annals in 863:

Prior to this raid, Auisle's brother Amlaíb had been involved in a protracted war with Máel Sechnaill, overking of the Southern Uí Néill, and a group of Vikings sometimes known as the Norse-Irish. Máel Sechnaill was the most powerful king in Ireland at the time and his lands lay close to the Viking settlement of Dublin. Máel Sechnaill died in 862, and his territory in Meath was split between two rulers, Lorcán mac Cathail and Conchobar mac Donnchada. The raids on various underground tombs in Brega mentioned by the annals in 863 were likely an attempt to increase the influence of the Vikings of Dublin. Muirecán mac Diarmata, overking of the Uí Dúnchada, was killed by Vikings in 863, probably by Auisle and his kin trying to expand into Leinster.

Beginning around 864 the three brothers halted their campaigns of conquest in Ireland, and instead campaigned in Britain. Ímar disappears from the Irish Annals in 864, and does not reappear until 870. This has led some scholars to conclude he is identical to Ivar the Boneless, a Viking leader who was active in England during this period as a commander of the Great Heathen Army. In 866 Amlaíb and Auisle led a large army to Pictland and raided much of the country, taking away many hostages.

Auisle is mentioned for the third and final time by contemporary annals in 867. The Annals of Ulster relate his death:

The Fragmentary Annals state explicitly that Amlaíb and Ímar were responsible for their brother's death:

Family

Auisle's father is identified as Gofraid by the Fragmentary Annals. Auisle, Amlaíb, and Ímar are identified as "kings of the foreigners" by the Annals of Ulster in 863, and as brothers by the Fragmentary Annals:

Some scholars identify Halfdan Ragnarsson as another brother. This identification is contingent upon Ímar being identical to Ivar the Boneless: Halfdan and Ivar are named as brothers in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. According to the Annals of Ulster Amlaíb's son Oistin was slain in battle by "Albann" in 875. This figure is generally agreed to be Halfdan. If that is correct, then it may explain the reason for the conflict: it was a dynastic squabble for control of the kingdom. One potential problem is that according to Norse tradition Ivar and Halfdan were the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, whereas Ímar and Amlaíb are named as sons of Gofraid in the Fragmentary Annals. However, the historicity of Ragnar is uncertain and the identification of Ragnar as the father of Ivar and Halfdan is not to be relied upon.

A figure called "mac Auisli" in the original Old Irish, mentioned by the Annals of Ulster in 883 may have been a son of Auisle. The entry in the annals reads:

The much later Chronicon Scotorum says something similar, stating that it was Ottár son of Járnkné, possibly identical with Ottir Iarla, and Muirgel daughter of Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid who arranged the killing, but no motive is given.

Family tree

Notes

References

Citations

Primary Sources
  Accessed via Internet Archive.

  Accessed via Internet Archive.

Secondary Sources
  Accessed via Internet Archive.

  Subscription or UK public library membership required.

External links
 CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork. The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress.

Rulers of Lochlann
867 deaths
9th-century Irish monarchs
Monarchs of Dublin
9th-century Irish people
Year of birth unknown


Montliot-et-Courcelles () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montmain () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


The Robin HR100 is a French four-seat light monoplane, designed by Chris Heintz and built by Avions Pierre Robin as metal-winged version of the Robin DR253 Regent.

Development

The prototype of the Robin HR100 was the prototype DR253 Regent which was rebuilt with metal wings and powered by a 180 hp (134 kW) Lycoming O-360 engine. It first flew on 3 April 1969 as the Robin HR100/180. The HR100 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional cantilever tail unit and a fixed tricycle landing gear. A number of different variants were produced in the 1970s. From 1972 a high-powered improved version was produced as the HR100/285 with a 285 hp (213 kW) Continental Tiara 6-285B engine and retractable landing gear and airframe modifications.

The French Air Force ordered a number of HR.100/250 aircraft in the mid 1970s and these were used for communications and other duties.

A two-seat trainer version was developed as the HR200, and a modified version with a lighter airframe and new fin and rudder was developed as the R1180 Aiglon in 1977.

Variants
HR.100 Royal
1969 Prototype with a 180hp (134kW) Lycoming O-360 engine, one built.
HR.100/180
1976 Prototype with a 180hp (134kW) Lycoming O-360 engine, one built.
HR.100/200B Royal
Initial production version with a 200hp (149kW) Lycoming IO-360 engine.
HR.100/210 Safari
Production version with a 210hp (157kW) engine, 113 built of both 200B Royal and 210 Safari variants.
HR.100/235TR
Experimental HR.100 with an enlarged tail and retractable landing gear and a 235hp Lycoming O-540-B engine, one built.
HR.100/250TR
HR.100/235 with a 250hp (186kW) Lycoming IO-540-C4B5 engine, 24 built.
HR.100/285TR Tiara
HR.100/235 with a 285hp (213kW) Continental Tiara 6-285 engine, 37 built
HR.100/320 4+2
Experimental version with two extra children's seats, one built

Operators

Military operators

French Air Force
French Navy

Specifications (HR.100/285)

See also

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2799
 R.W.Simpson, Airlife's General Aviation, Airlife Publishing, England, 1991,

1960s French civil utility aircraft
HR100
Aircraft first flown in 1969
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft


Montmançon () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montmoyen () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


The Ibsen Museum (Ibsenmuseet) occupies the last home of the playwright Henrik Ibsen. It is located close to the Royal Palace on Henrik Ibsens gate (street) in Oslo, Norway.
The museum is closed; however, regarding the possibility of having the museum open during Summer 2023: the government has been petitioned (as of 11 March 2023), to provide financing.

Background
Henrik Ibsen and his wife Suzannah lived there from 1895 to 1906. When Suzannah Ibsen died in 1914, the home was dismantled and the furniture scattered. The municipality of Kristiania assumed possession of Henrik Ibsen's study and bedroom and deposited all of it at the Norwegian Folk Museum. The library went to the county museum in Skien (now Telemark museum) and the dining room to the Ibsen House Museum (now the City of Grimstad´s museum). The family retained possession of the remaining furniture.

In 1990 actor Knut Wigert took the initiative of renting the apartment, based on a wish to make it available to the public. As a point of departure for further restorations, studies were done documenting the most important rooms in the apartment. The Norwegian Folk Museum took over responsibility for operations in 1993, and Ibsen's study was restored but limited resources and a lack of original artifacts resulted in only this particular room being given an adequate presentation.

The Ibsen family made important contributions to the museum. Ambassador Tancred Ibsen lent or donated personal property inherited from his great-grandfather and his cousin, the actor Joen Bille, had for many years helped with the task of locating and reacquiring original furnishings. Financial assistance was provided by the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs, Anders Jahres Humanitarian Institution and Ibsen Year 2006.

Restoration
Ibsen’s former residence has been restored to the period when it served as the Ibsen residence. On the occasion of the hundred-year commemoration of Ibsen's death, the Ibsen Museum reopened a completely restored writer's home with the original interior, original colors and decor.  The Ibsen Museum includes an exhibit reflecting the playwright's life and work, housed the home where he spent the last 11 years of his life.  It was here that Ibsen wrote his final dramatic works John Gabriel Borkman (1896) and When We Dead Awaken (1899).

Extensive groundwork was carried out to insure an authentic impression of the writer's home was created. The furniture was reinstated while the floor, walls, ceiling and surfaces were reconstructed according to archaeological building studies, supplemented by a range of historical sources. Tablecloths, curtains and drapes were rewoven as exact replicas of the originals. Additionally, in the street outside the Ibsen Museum in Oslo, there is artwork of Ibsen quotes permanently embedded in the pavement.

Ibsen Museums in Norway
The three Ibsen Museums in Norway have a collaboration on practical measures of co-operation. The other two are the Henrik Ibsen Museum located in Skien at the farm Venstøp  and the Ibsen Museum in Grimstad.
.

Gallery

References

Other sources
Dahl, Per Kristian Heggelund (2001) Streiflys Fem Ibsen-studier (Oslo: Ibsenmuseet)
Edvardsen, Erik Henning (1998) Ibsen-museet / The Ibsen Museum (Oslo: Ibsenmuseet)
Edvardsen, Erik Henning (2001)   Henrik Ibsen om seg selv (Oslo Genesis forlag).
Edvardsen, Erik Henning (2003) Ibsens Christiania (Oslo: N.W. Damm & Søn)
Hjemdahl, Anne-Sofie  (2006) A Thing or Two About Ibsen. His Possessions, Dramatic Poetry and Life (Oslo: Andrimne forlag)

Related Reading
Museumsbuletinen No. 1 - 2006. Norsk Folkemuseums venner, Oslo
Ibsens Bathtub. The restoration of Henrik Ibsen's apartment by Erling Borgen. Borgen Production as / Norsk Folkemuseum

External links
 Ibsen Museum - Oslo
 Henrik Ibsen Museum- Skien
 Ibsen Museum - Grimstad

Museums in Oslo
Literary museums in Norway
Local museums in Norway
Museums established in 1990
1990 establishments in Norway
Biographical museums in Norway


Montoillot () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Montot () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mont-Saint-Jean () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


WSIR (1490 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting an Urban Gospel radio format. Licensed to Winter Haven, Florida, the station serves the Lakeland - Winter Haven area of Central Florida. The station is currently owned by Ferris Waller, through licensee Walco Enterprises LLC.

During the pandemic, WSIR has had economic problems and may be off the air.

References

External links

SIR
Radio stations established in 2004
Urban contemporary radio stations in the United States
2004 establishments in Florida


Mosson () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


La Motte-Ternant () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
Parc naturel régional du Morvan

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Moutiers-Saint-Jean () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is named after the monastery of Saint John of Réôme.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Mussy-la-Fosse () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


The Gate of the Catalan Countries (), a work of the sculptor Emili Armengol, marks the Northern starting location of the Catalan Countries in Salses, Pyrénées-Orientales (this part of France belongs to what is also called Catalunya Nord, English: Northern Catalonia).

After more than 20 years since the beginning of the project (often stopped, and even sometimes forbidden), it was finally inaugurated on September 28, 2003, being visible from the highway. Its conception and execution was in charge of the Union for the Catalan Region.

The aerial view of the monument reminds a sickle, in reference to Els Segadors anthem.

External links
 Official association page for the Gate of the Catalan Countries

2003 sculptures
Buildings and structures in Pyrénées-Orientales
 Gate
Northern Catalonia
Outdoor sculptures in France
Tourist attractions in Pyrénées-Orientales


Nan-sous-Thil (, literally Nan under Thil) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Nantoux () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


George Allen Brown (May 17, 1912 – January 23, 1972) was a Canadian ice hockey centre who played 79 games in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens between 1937 and 1939. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1932 to 1943, was spent in minor leagues. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Playing career
Brown began his hockey career with the Montreal Canadiens in the 1936–37 NHL season playing 27 games (4–6–10) during the regular season then four playoff games in which he went pointless. The following season, he split his time between Montreal and the IAHL New Haven Eagles. That season he was again held pointless during the playoffs. He played his final season with Montreal before going back to the IAHL for the rest of his playing career where he played for the Eagles again followed by the Springfield Indians and the Hershey Bears.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards and achievements
 Memorial Cup Championship (1931)
 MCHL Scoring Champion (1936)

External links

1912 births
1972 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Elmwood Millionaires players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Winnipeg
Montreal Canadiens players
New Haven Eagles players
Springfield Indians players
Syracuse Stars (AHL) players
Winnipeg Monarchs players


Nesle-et-Massoult () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Neuilly-lès-Dijon (, literally Neuilly near Dijon) is a former commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. On 28 February 2019, it was merged into the new commune Neuilly-Crimolois.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Former communes of Côte-d'Or
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Nicey () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Lingones


WTWB (1570 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican radio format. Licensed to Auburndale, Florida, the station serves the Lakeland-Winter Haven section of Central Florida. The station is currently owned by Carpenter's Home Church, Inc.

By day, WTWB is powered at 5,000 watts. But 1570 AM is a Mexican clear-channel frequency in which XERF is the dominant Class A station. So to avoid interference, WTWB greatly reduces power at night to 13 watts. Programming is also heard on two FM translator stations: W224CF at 92.7 MHz and W238CV at 95.5 MHz, both in Auburndale.

History
On October 10, 1956, the station first signed on the air. At first it was a daytimer, required to go off the air at night. For a while, it was a network affiliate of the ABC Entertainment Radio Network.

References

External links
 La Raza 92.7 - 1570

TWB
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1971
Auburndale, Florida
1971 establishments in Florida


Nod-sur-Seine (, literally Nod on Seine) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Nogent-lès-Montbard (, literally Nogent near Montbard) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Noidan () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Noiron-sous-Gevrey (, literally Noiron under Gevrey) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Noiron-sur-Bèze (, literally Noiron on Bèze) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Noiron-sur-Seine (, literally Noiron on Seine) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Norges-la-Ville () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Normier () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Obtrée () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Oigny () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Oisilly () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Orain () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

Personalities
Jean Thurel, the "oldest soldier of Europe", was born in Orain in 1698.

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


William Wiley may refer to:

 William Wiley (sailor), 19th American sailor
 William D. Wiley (born 1971), American politician, Virginia Delegate
 William H. Wiley (1842–1945), U.S. Representative from New Jersey
 William T. Wiley (1937–2021), American contemporary artist

See also
 William Wyllie (disambiguation)


Orgeux () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Origny () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Orret () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Orville () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Ouges () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Pagny-la-Ville () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Painblanc () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Panges () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Pasques () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or


Pellerey () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or