Clarence Monroe Burton (November 18, 1853 – October 23, 1932) was a Detroit lawyer and businessman, historian, and philanthropist.

Early years
In 1849, Dr. Charles Seymour and Annie Monroe Burton, along with their young son Charles Francis, moved from New York to the town of Battle Creek, Michigan.  There, Dr. Burton founded the Battle Creek Journal and ran the newspaper until he was bitten by the gold bug in 1853.  The family packed up and moved to the tiny California mining town of Whiskey Diggings in Sierra County, 85 miles from Marysville.

Clarence M. Burton was born in Whiskey Diggings on November 18, 1853, while his father was away attending another patient.  Dr. Burton soon tired of the rugged mining life, and in 1854 the family left Whiskey Diggings and sailed for the east coast.  However, their ship, the Yankee Blade, was hijacked and sunk off Point Arguello.  Hundreds of passengers drowned, but all the Burtons survived; they returned to San Francisco, staying there until 1855, when they sailed back to New York to reunite with  Annie's family.

The Burtons moved back to Michigan, this time settling on a small farm on the outskirts of Hastings.  Dr. Burton started another newspaper, the Hastings Banner (which is still published today) in addition to reviving his medical practice.  The Burtons had three more children: William, Ella, and Edward.

Clarence Burton grew up in Hastings, attending the local public schools there until 1869, when he followed his brother Charles to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.  He began studying science, but in 1872 entered the Law Department at the University and received his degree in 1874.

On Christmas Day, 1872, while he was still attending law school, Burton married Harriet Jane Nye.  The couple eventually had eight children, the first of whom, Mary Agnes, was born in Ann Arbor.

Early career and married life
On November 19, 1874, the day after his twenty-first birthday, Burton was licensed to practice law in Wayne County, Michigan.  He went to work for the firm of Ward and Palmer in Detroit for a yearly salary of $100 (soon boosted to $300).

Burton and his wife, Harriet, lived in relative poverty for the first few years of Burton's career, living first in a rented three-room house on Henry Street and then buying a house at Brooklyn and Trumbull on the edge of Corktown.  They had two more children during this time: Charles in 1876 and Clarence in 1878.  However, Burton worked hard, and in 1881 the family moved to a more well-to-do section of the city on Brady Street.  Here, two more sons were born: Fred in 1882 and Louis in 1884.

During this time, Burton joined the title abstract firm co-owned by John Ward, a partner in Ward and Palmer.  Ward and his nephew, Eugene Skinner, had started the business in 1866, and by the time Burton joined the business, the abstract records had been collected.  Burton devoted himself to the business, and Ward and Skinner gave him much of the responsibility for running it.  Skinner, however, had never really warmed to this business, and in 1881 he sold his share of the title company to Burton.    Two years later, Burton was admitted as partner in Ward and Skinner, and he later bought all of John Ward's interest in the business.

In 1886, Burton moved again to Brainard Street, where his next son Frank was born.  In 1890, a sixth son, Ralph, was added, and a few years later, a second daughter, Harriet.

Burton Abstract Co.
In 1891, Burton organized the Burton Abstract Company from Ward and Skinner.  The new company failed to show a profit for the first few years, but grew in size and importance as Detroit grew, and eventually turned a handsome profit.  In 1893 the company moved its quarters to Griswold Street, then moved again in 1914 and 1919. In 1924, Burton Abstract moved one more time to a newly constructed building of their own.

In April 1915, Burton organized the Burton Investment Co, for the purpose of erecting 100 modestly priced homes in Detroit.

Personal tragedy
On February 6, 1896, Burton's wife Harriet died, leaving Burton as the sole parent to eight children.  He lost himself in his work, but eventually met Lina O. (Shoemaker) Grant.  The two were married on Christmas Day, 1897.  However, in 1898, Lina died as the result of an operation, leaving Burton alone once more.  In the spring of 1900, Burton married his third wife, his cousin Anna (Monroe) Knox.  She had four children from a previous marriage, and, in 1901, bore another daughter, Elizabeth.

Book collection and historical work
Burton had always been interested in collecting books.  He had begun in 1874 by collecting historical works pertaining to his interests, tracing down as many works as possible on that subject.  He eventually began concentrating on American historical documents, and finally on Michigan and Detroit.  In particular, he was interested in Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac.  Burton spent years searching for and bidding on old books and manuscripts.  Those that he could not buy he copied, either longhand or with a camera.

By the 1890s, Burton had amassed a considerable collection of historical documents.  He had a special fireproof addition built onto his Brainard Street house to hold his library.  Burton revered his collection, but he welcomed scholars, or even casual researchers, to use his library, even going so far as to advertise its availability in the City Directory.

In 1895, he turned his attention to writing histories, beginning with A Sketch of the Life of Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, Founder of Detroit, which was published that year. A Chapter in the History Of Cleveland followed soon after, and one of his most famous works, In the Footsteps of Cadillac, was published a few years later in 1899.

Burton was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1907.

Burton continued to collect books and manuscripts throughout his life, slowing down in the mid-aughts when original material became scarce.  Later, he concentrated more on writing, producing works that included The Building of Detroit in  1912, Barnabas Campau and his descendants in 1916, and the five-volume The City of Detroit in 1922.

Public service
Throughout his life, Burton held positions of public trust, occasionally flirting with elected office. In 1896, he was appointed the Detroit School Inspector, a job he held for 17 years, resigning in 1913 when his other duties and interests became too great.  In 1897, he prepared to run for city alderman, but withdrew from the race.  In 1900, he wrote a letter for the Detroit Century Box time capsule. In 1903, he was announced as the Republican candidate for the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, but lost the general election. In 1922 he ran for Congress, but was defeated by Vincent M. Brennan.

In 1907, he spent copious time involved with the 1907 State Constitutional Convention, and in 1913 sat on the Detroit Charter Commission. In 1908, Burton was elected City Historiographer for Detroit, a position he held until his death in 1932. In 1913, as a result of his keen interest in local history, Burton was elected to the Michigan Historical Commission, a membership he also held until his death.

Burton Historical Collection
In 1915, Burton built a new house on Boston Boulevard in Boston-Edison which boasted fireproof steel and concrete construction. At the same time, Burton gave his book collection to the Detroit Public Library, along with the deed to his Brainard Street residence.  In September 1915, the Burton Historical Collection, located on Brainard Street, was opened to the public.  The collection donated by Burton included 30,000 volumes, 40,000 pamphlets and 500,000 unpublished papers; more material was added to the collection in subsequent years.  In 1921, the collection was moved to the main library.

Later years and death
In 1925 Burton's wife Anna died.  Burton retired in 1930, leaving his business duties to his son Louis.  After two years of retirement Burton began to ail.  He became seriously ill for several months, and on Sunday, October 23, 1932, Clarence Monroe Burton suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died.

Books written by Clarence M. Burton
An incomplete list:

References

External links

1853 births
1932 deaths
Lawyers from Detroit
University of Michigan Law School alumni
People from Hastings, Michigan
Members of the American Antiquarian Society


Carbet Falls () is a series of waterfalls on the Carbet River in Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France located in the Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean region. Its three cascades are set amid the tropical rainforests on the lower slopes of the volcano La Soufrière. The falls are one of the most popular visitor sites in Guadeloupe, with approximately 400,000 visitors annually.

In 1493, Christopher Columbus noted Carbet Falls in his log.

Description
The falls' first and highest cascade has a drop of more than . Visitors reach the cascade by a long, steep trail at an elevation of . The source of the Carbet River is located another  upstream from the first cascade, at an elevation of .

The second cascade receives the most visitors of the three, due to its convenient accessibility. This fall of  is in the white house and can be reached by paved and very well designed path, a 20 minutes from the main parking lot, at an elevation of . Many hot springs, including Little Paradise Hot Spring, are located nearby.

The third and last cascade measures  in height, and has the greatest water volume of any waterfall in Guadeloupe. It is only accessible on foot, and only to experienced hikers.

Recent events
Following an earthquake in 2004, several cubic meters of rock split from the cliff face behind the second cascade. The safety hazard thus created led park authorities to limit access to the cascade to no closer than a bridge just downstream. Heavy rains in 2005 and 2009 only exacerbated the problem by leaving the terrain more unstable.

See also
Guadeloupe National Park

References

External links

Landforms of Guadeloupe
Waterfalls of France
Waterfalls of North America
Tourist attractions in Guadeloupe
Tiered waterfalls
Articles containing video clips


Saint-Guinoux (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Guinoux are called guinoléens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Frank von Behren (born 28 September 1976 in Hille) is a retired German team handball player.

Club career
Von Behren played professionally for GWD Minden (1996–2003), VfL Gummersbach (2003–2006), SG Flensburg-Handewitt (2006–2008) and again Minden (2008). He reached the EHF Champions League final in 2007 with Flensburg.

Sustaining a broken thumb on top of a severe shoulder injury, von Behren ended his playing career on 1 August 2008.

International career
On 10 March 1998 von Behren made his international debut for Germany in a match against Sweden in Ellwangen. Until 2008, he played 167 games for the national team, scoring 356 goals.

He received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Prior to that, he had received a silver medal at the 2002 European championship.

Personal life
Von Behren is married and has three children. In 2008 he started studying sport management in Oldenburg.
Von Behren worked as a pundit for Eurosport's German language coverage of the EHF Champions League. As of the 2014–15 season he does the same job for Sky Deutschland.

References

1976 births
Living people
German male handball players
Olympic handball players for Germany
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Detmold (region)
People from Minden-Lübbecke


Saint-Grégoire (; ; Gallo: Saent-Gregoèrr) is a commune in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Grégoire are called grégoriens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Gonlay (; ) is a commune in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany in the northwest of France.

Geography
The Meu river goes through the town.
There are 280 inhabitants in Saint-Gonlay and the territory stretches over 926 hectares.
In the North, there is the Meu river and the Comper river, in the East is the brook of Boutavent and in the South, the forest of Brocéliande.
The town is part of the county of Montfort-sur-Meu and depends on Rennes. It is surrounded by Montfort-sur-Meu, Bédée, La Nouaye, Breteil, Pleumeleuc, Talensac, Iffendic.

Rivers:
The Comper
The Meu
Brooks:
The Hélouin
The Boutavent
The Planchette
Mountaintop:
The Châtel (91 meters)
The Lorinou (83 meters)

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Gonlay are called gonlaysiens in French.

History
The parish of Iffendic separated in two and the town of Saint-Gonlay was founded.
Its birth is probably due to the building of a church in the 13th century by two priests of Montfort-sur-Meu.
A priory has also been built and it depends on Saint-Jacques de Montfort abbey.

Tourism
Tourism management is entrusted by Montfort Communauté to the Tourist Office of the district of Montfort.

Buildings and touristic places
 The schoolhouse of Saint-Gonlay
The schoolhouse is the former public house of Saint-Gonlay. In the past, it was a dynamic school of the district of Montfort. Nowadays, the school has been transformed into a small museum and shows a class from the 1950s. It also shows photos and presents souvenirs of the former schoolchildren, outdoor games, etc.
 Saint-Guillaume church
Surrounded by its cemetery, it is dated from the 16th and 17th century.
It was apparently dedicated to Saint-Gundlée, king of Glamorgan. We can notice of the front wall two characters facing each other: a confessor and a somebody confessing.
 Noble house of Le Vilou
The house of Le Vilou is dated from the 18th century. It was considered at the time as a notable house. Indeed, back then, a subprefect of Montfort-sur-Meu lived there.
 Public house from the 1950s-1960s, it has been one of the most predominant in the region. Nowadays, the church is converted into a small museum where visitors can find a setting of the 1960s.
 The castle of La Châsse
The castle of La Châsse is dated from the 17th century.
It was destroyed in 1595 during the French War of Religion, then rebuilt.
 The manor of the Changée
 Bridge Hervil on the Comper river
 Bridge Jean on the Meu river
 La Rousselais on the Meu river

Sights
The path of schoolchildren
The starting point is on the car park near the church and the town hall. The marking of the circuit is blue. It is 9 km long and goes up and down through the town of Saint-Gonlay and its villages, in the countryside. The hike lasts 2h15, follows the Meu river and offers many panoramas at different places on the circuit. We can then see the town centre of Iffendic, the forest of Broceliande, etc.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The title Countess of Salisbury may be carried by a female heir of the Earl of Salisbury or to the wife of an Earl of Salisbury. The title has been held by several women, including:

Countesses in their own right
 Ela of Salisbury, 3rd Countess of Salisbury  (1187–1261), heiress to William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
 Margaret Longespée, 4th Countess of Salisbury (d. 1310), heiress to Ela Longespee
 Alice de Lacy, 5th Countess of Salisbury (1281–1348), heiress to Margaret Longespee; forfeit 1322
 Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury (1407–1462), heiress to Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury
 Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (1473-1541), heiress to George, Duke of Clarence

Countesses by marriage
Catherine Montacute, Countess of Salisbury (1304-1349), married William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Joan of Kent (1326-1385), married William Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (annulled 1349)
Maud Montacute, Countess of Salisbury (1370-1424), married John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury
Catherine Cecil, Countess of Salisbury (c.1590-1673), married William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
Margaret Cecil, Countess of Salisbury (died c.1682), married James Cecil, 3rd Earl of Salisbury
Anne Cecil, Countess of Salisbury (1693-1757), married James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury
Emily Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury (1750-1835), married James Cecil, 7th Earl and later 1st Marquess of Salisbury)

Literature
 The Countess of Salisbury, a 1767 play by Hall Hartson
 The Countess of Salisbury (novel), an 1836 novel by Alexandre Dumas


The Pont Aval is a bridge that crosses the Seine in Paris, France. It is open exclusively to motor vehicles traveling along the Boulevard Périphérique, a roadway which encircles the city.

Location

The Pont Aval is the last bridge spanning the Seine if one were to follow the river's course downstream through the capital. The Pont Aval is located in the southwest of Paris, linking the 15th and 16th arrondissements, connecting the Quai d'Issy-les-Moulineaux and the Quai Saint-Exupéry. With a total length of 313 meters (1,027 feet), the Pont Aval is the longest in Paris.

History
The bridge was opened in 1968. Like that of its sister-bridge, the Pont Amont, Pont Aval owes its name to its position on the Seine River: Pont Amont ("amont" meaning "upstream" in French) is the first bridge on the river as it enters Paris, Pont Aval ("aval" meaning "downstream") is the last.

External links

  Official site of the Mairie de Paris
  Structurae
 Photographs of Pont aval ("Bridges of Paris" project, jpdn.net)

Aval
Buildings and structures in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
Aval


The 1990 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina.  Popular incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond cruised to re-election against Democratic challenger Bob Cunningham.

Primaries
U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.  The state Democrats saw this as an unwinnable race so when Bob Cunningham sought the Democratic nomination, he was unopposed in his bid.

General
Cunningham launched his second bid to unseat Republican Sen. Strom Thurmond after switching from the GOP to the Democratic Party in early 1990. Though he faced a formidable opponent, Cunningham planned no fund-raising activities. "I don't plan to ask for anything and I won't accept any money from PACs," he said. Cunningham said his campaign strategy was to "go to places where I was invited and spread out my ideas." If elected, Cummingham said he would push to limit consecutive congressional service to 12 years and reform the tax system. He supported greater environmental activism. "I think we're going at it in much too lukewarm a fashion. I think we should work hard to find a substitute for the internal combustion engine."

Cunningham, a retired intelligence officer, had little chance of defeating Strom Thurmond and the election was never a serious contest.  Thurmond overwhelmingly outspent Cunningham in his re-election campaign.

80% of white voters and 20% of black voters supported Thurmond.

Election results

|-
|
 | colspan = 5 |Republican hold
|-

See also
 List of United States senators from South Carolina
 1990 United States Senate elections
 1990 South Carolina gubernatorial election

References

Works cited

1990
South Carolina
1990 South Carolina elections
Strom Thurmond


Michelle Alaine Kepler (October 5, 1958 – February 1, 2008), was an American television actress best known for her work on General Hospital as "Nurse Amy Vining", from 1979 until 2002.

Early life
Kepler was born in Ohio, and her family moved to Arcadia, California when she was 10. She had one brother, Fred, who is named after their father.

Career
Kepler portrayed busybody nurse Amy Vining, a "fan favorite" and sister of Laura Spencer's, on General Hospital, from 1979 to 2002. She also appeared on the General Hospital spinoff Port Charles, other shows such as CHiPs and Three's Company, and the movie Homework (1982) with Joan Collins.

Kepler was also a businesswoman, who marketed a line of clothing on the former Home Shopping Club. In a 1994 Associated Press interview, she claimed that her "Lacy Afternoon" collection had earned more than $20 million in sales that year.

After her TV career ended, she moved to Portland, Oregon and was active in charitable fundraising.

Personal life
Kepler married and divorced twice, and had no children. She and her General Hospital costar Jacklyn Zeman (who played Barbara Jean "Bobbie" Spencer) were close friends.

Kepler died from kidney failure, on February 1, 2008, at Oregon Health & Science University. Zeman delivered a eulogy at her funeral. The February 26, 2008 episode of General Hospital was dedicated to Kepler, "In loving memory".

References

External links

Shell Kepler - Soapcentral.com
Shell Kepler at muchloved.com
Michelle Kepler, under the nickname, "Shell" at remembered.com

1958 births
2008 deaths
American soap opera actresses
Deaths from kidney failure
Actresses from Ohio
People from Painesville, Ohio
Actresses from Portland, Oregon
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American women


was a major privately owned shipyard in Uraga, Japan, which built numerous warships for the Imperial Japanese Navy.

History
Uraga Dock Company was founded by Enomoto Takeaki in 1869. A shipyard had already existed in Uraga from the end of the Edo period. When Commodore Perry's flagship anchored off Uraga in 1854, one of the officials of the Tokugawa shogunate who boarded the American vessel was a trained shipwright, Nakajima Saburosuke. His observation of the ship's interior enabled him to deduce the details of its design and construction, and after the departure of Perry back to the United States, the government ordered him to start construction of a three-masted barque, called the Hōō maru. He subsequently participated in the repair of the Dutch-built Kanrin maru, during which time he constructed the first dry dock built in Japan in 1859. However, the Tokugawa government decided to establish its own shipyards at nearby Yokosuka, and the Uraga facilities went out of business in 1876.

Nakajima died during the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration fighting on the Tokugawa side. After the establishment of the Meiji government, his former colleagues Enomoto Takeaki and Arai Ikunosuke gained important positions in the new administration, and supported the establishment of a modern shipyard on the foundation established by Nakajima. The new facility was inaugurated in 1897, and faced an immediate crisis when Tokyo-based Ishikawajima Harima opened a rival facility the following year and started to dump prices in an effort to destroy its competition. Uraga Dock Company managed to buy out Ishikawajima in 1902.

In 1906, Uraga Dock Company launched its first destroyer for the Imperial Japanese Navy, the Nagatsuki. Over its subsequent history, the dockyards at Uraga constructed over 1000 vessels, including ferries, passenger liners, training vessels, and warships of various sizes. Numerous vessels were also produced for the export market.

By 1919, Uraga Dock Company was considered one of the largest and best equipped private shipyards in the world. Subsidiary companies were established in Yokkaichi, Mie and in Qingdao.

Uraga Dock Company was also characterized by its organized labor force, one of the earliest in Japan, which went on strike in 1905-1907, 1910-1911, and in 1915.

In post war Japan, Uraga Dock Company was acquired by the Sumitomo group in 1969. It was modernized extensively on several occasions, but increasing competitive pressures from overseas ship builders forced Sumitomo to close down operations in 2003.

Ships built

(dates are launch dates)

 Light cruisers
 2 of 6
  (29 October 1921)
  (16 March 1923)

 Destroyers
 2 of 32
  (15 December 1906)
  (10 April 1907)
 0 of 2
 0 of 2
 0 of 2
 1 of 10
  (28 February 1915)
 0 of 4
 0 of 4
 4 of 21
  (20 October 1919)
  (29 October 1920)
  (9 May 1921)
  (8 December 1921)
 0 of 15
 2 of 8
  (15 February 1923)
  (1 November 1923)
 1 of 9
  (27 November 1924)
 3 of 12
  (11 July 1925)
  (25 May 1926)
  (28 April 1927)
 5 of 24
  (26 June 1928)
  (24 November 1927)
  (23 December 1929)
  (17 November 1930)
  (22 October 1931)
 2 of 6
  (22 December 1932)
  (4 November 1933)
 4 of 10
  (18 May 1935)
  (6 July 1935)
  (21 February 1936)
  (11 March 1937)
 1 of 10
  (18 November 1937)
 6 of 19
  (28 June 1938)
  (19 April 1939)
  (10 November 1939)
  (25 November 1940)
  (18 June 1940)
  (11 April 1941)
 6 of 19
  (26 September 1941)
  (16 March 1942)
  (17 August 1942)
  (26 December 1942)
  (19 August 1943)
  (29 February 1944)
 1 of 12
  (25 September 1944)

References

External links
Sumitomo group history archives
New York Times January 4 1903

Companies established in 1869
Imperial Japanese Navy
Shipbuilding companies of Japan
Defunct companies of Japan
Defunct defense companies of Japan
Japanese companies established in 1869
Sumitomo Heavy Industries
Shipyards building World War II warships


Saint-Gondran (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Gondran are called Gondranais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Marrying the Mafia III () is a 2006 South Korean film, and the third installment of the Marrying the Mafia series.

Plot
This gangster comedy chronicles the White Tiger Family of Jeolla Province. Hong Deok-ja, head of the crime family, quits the syndicate to open a kimchi business after her son marries a prosecutor. She is pulled back into the crime family when the familiar member of the rival Axe Gang is released from prison and seeks revenge upon the White Tiger Family.

Cast
 Shin Hyun-joon as Jang In-jae
 Tak Jae-hoon as Jang Seok-jae
 Kim Soo-mi as Hong Deok-ja
 Kim Won-hee as Kim Jin-gyeong / Park Jin-sook
 Gong Hyung-jin as Bong Myeong-pil
 Shin Yi as Oh Soon-nam
 Park Hee-jin as Doctor
 Im Hyung-joon as Jang Kyeong-jae
 Jeong Jun-ha as Jong-myeon
 Kim Yong-gun as Jang Jeong-jong
 Kim Do-yeon as Blind date woman
 Kim Hae-gon as Yun Do-shik

See also
 Marrying the Mafia
 Marrying the Mafia II
 Marrying the Mafia IV
 Marrying the Mafia V (Return of the Mafia)

References

External links

2000s crime comedy films
Films about organized crime in South Korea
South Korean sequel films
Showbox films
Films directed by Jeong Yong-ki
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean crime comedy films
2000s South Korean films


Saint-Gilles (; ; Gallo: Saent-Jill) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Gilles are called saint-gillois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department
Emmanuel Guérin Sculptor of  Saint-Gilles, Ille-et-Vilaine  war memorial

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Germain-sur-Ille (, literally Saint-Germain on Ille; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Germain-sur-Ille are called germinois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Germain-en-Coglès (, pronounced as Saint-Germain-en-Cogles; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Germain-en-Coglès are called germanais in French.

History
The parish is named after Germanus of Auxerre in the fifth century. In the twelfth century, it belonged to the abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur before being united to the diocese of Rennes XIV. The present church retains some elements of Romanesque tombstones of the previous building. Bertrand Saulnier (twelfth century), Pierre Loupvelaye (1550), Isaac Lachesnais (1590), Leonard Tréhu (1613), Valentin Chevetel (1706) and Pierre Pougeolle (1779) were rectors of the paris

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Germain-du-Pinel (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Germain-du-Pinel are called germanais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Georges-de-Reintembault (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Georges-de-Reintembault are called reintembaultois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Macedonian literature () begins with the Ohrid Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire (nowadays North Macedonia) in 886. These first written works in the dialects of the Old Church Slavonic were religious. The school was established by St. Clement of Ohrid.  The Macedonian recension at that time was part of the Old Church Slavonic and it did not represent one regional dialect but a generalized form of early Eastern South Slavic. The standardization of Macedonian in the 20th century provided good ground for further development of the modern Macedonian literature and this period is the richest one in the history of the literature itself.

History
Macedonian was not officially recognized until the establishment of Macedonia as a constituent republic of communist Yugoslavia in 1945. Krste Petkov Misirkov in his Za Makedonckite raboti (1903; On the Macedonian Matters) and in the literary periodical Vardar (established 1905) helped to create the foundations of Macedonian language and literature. These efforts were continued after World War I by Kosta Racin, who wrote mainly poetry in Macedonian and propagated its use through the literary journals of the 1930s. Racin's poems in Beli mugri (1939; White Dawns), which include many elements of oral folk poetry, were prohibited by the government of pre-World War II Yugoslavia. Some writers, such as Kole Nedelkovski, worked and published abroad because of political pressure.

Periods
The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts divides Macedonian literature into three large periods, which are subdivided into additional ones. The periods of the Macedonian literature are:
 Old Macedonian literature – 9th to 18th centuries
 From introduction of the Christianity till the Turkish invasion – 9th to 14th centuries
 From Turkish invasion till the beginning of the 18th century
 New Macedonian literature – 1802 to 1944
 period of national awakening
 revolutionary period
 inter-war literary period
 Modern Macedonian literature – 1944 – today

Modern literature
After World War II, under the new Yugoslav SR Macedonia, Blaze Koneski and others were charged with the task of standardizing Macedonian as the official literary language. With this new freedom to write and publish in its own language, SR Macedonia produced many literary figures in the postwar period. The Association of Writers of Macedonia, the country's largest and oldest association of writers, was established on 13.02.1947. Poetry was represented in the work of Aco Šopov, Slavko Janevski, Blaze Koneski, and Gane Todorovski. Janevski was also a distinguished prose writer and the author of the first Macedonian novel, Selo zad sedumte jaseni (1952; “The Village Beyond the Seven Ash Trees”). His most ambitious work was a cycle of six novels that deals with Macedonian history and includes Tvrdoglavi (1965; “The Stubborn Ones”), a novel articulating the Macedonian people's myths and legends of remembering and interpreting their history. Prewar playwrights, such as Vasil Iljoski, continued to write, and the theatre was invigorated by new dramatists, such as Kole Cašule, Tome Arsovski, and Goran Stefanovski. Cašule also wrote several novels. A main theme of his work is the defeat of idealists and idealism. His play Crnila (1960; “Black Things”) deals with the early 20th-century murder of an IMRO leader by other Organization's activists and with the characters of both executioners and victim.

Among the best-known novelists and writers of prose were Stale Popov (Krpen zivot (1953; “Darned life”)), Gjorgji Abadžiev (Pustina (1961; “Desert”)) and Zivko Cingo, whose collections of stories Paskvelija (1962) and Nova Paskvelija (1965; “New Paskvelija”) are about an imaginary land where clashes and interactions between old traditions and revolutionary consciousness are enacted. His novel Golemata voda (1971; “The Great Water”), set in an orphanage, shows the grandness and sadness of childhood. Other notable writers include Petre M. Andreevski (Pirej (1980; “Pirej”)), Vlada Uroševic (Sonuvacot i prazninata (1979; “The Dreamer and the Emptiness”)), Jovan Pavlovski (Sok od prostata (1991; “Prostate Gland Juice”)), Venko Andonovski (Papokot na svetot (2000; “Navel of the World”)), Aleksandar Prokopiev (Covekot so cetiri casovnici (2003; “The Man With Four Watches”)), and some of the leading playwrights were Jordan Plevnes (Mazedonische zustände (1979; “Mazedonische zustände”)), Sashko Nasev (Chija si (1991; “Who do you Belong to”)), and Dejan Dukovski (Bure barut (1996; “The powder keg”)).

The diversity of themes and narrative styles among 21st-century writers has grown even more, and the list includes writers born in the period 1970s–1990s. Some of the most distinguished in this generation are: Goce Smilevski (Sestrata na Sigmund Frojd (2007; “Freud's Sister”)), Lidija Dimkovska (Rezerven zivot (2012; “A Spare Life”)), Slavcho Koviloski (Sinot na kralot (2011; “The Son of the King”)), Nikola Madzirov (Ostatoci od nekoe drugo vreme (2007; “Remnants of Another Age”)), Stefan Markovski (Anatomija na bumbarot (2020; “The Bumblebee Anatomy”)), Rumena Bužarovska (Mojot maz (2014; “My Husband”)), Petar Andonovski (Teloto vo koe mora da se zivee (2015; “The Body One Must Live In”)), Nenad Joldeski (Sekoj so svoeto ezero (2012; “Each with Their Own Lake”)), and others.  The association of the country's writers became a member of the European Writers' Council on 04.06.2023, with Stefan Markovski giving the acceptance interview.

Authors
Some of the well-known authors that contributed in the development of the Macedonian literature are:
 Krste Misirkov  – writer – writer, Slavist and philologist
 Aco Šopov – poet and writer
 Gjorgjija Pulevski – writer and political activist
 Gane Todorovski – writer and poet
 Ante Popovski – writer and poet
 Kočo Racin – writer and poet
 Kole Nedelkovski – poet
 Risto Krle  – writer
 Venko Markovski – poet
 Vlado Maleski – writer
 Vojdan Chernodrinski – writer
 Vasil Iljoski – writer
 Anton Panov – writer
 Mateja Matevski – poet
 Blaže Koneski – writer
 Simon Drakul – writer
 Gogo Ivanovski – writer
 Ivan Tochko – writer
 Petar Shirilov – writer
 Tashko Georgievski – writer
 Slavko Janevski – writer
 Živko Čingo – writer
 Grigor Prličev
More...

See also
 Macedonian language
 History of the Macedonian language

Notes

References
 Makedonska književnost (“Macedonian Literature”). Tome Sazdov, Vera Stojčevska-Antić, Dragi Stefanija, Georgij Stalev, Borislav Pavlovski. Školska knjiga. Zagreb, 1988. (in )

External links
 Macedonian literature from 14 c.


Roberto Longo (born 3 December 1984, in Soave) is a retired Italian professional road racing cyclist who last rode for .

Career
During Stage 4 of the  2007 Eneco Tour Longo was part of the early breakaway which held a gap of seven minutes at one point, unfortunately the break was caught with 30 kilometres to go and Longo finished in 145 position. The 2007 Tour de Pologne started with a three kilometre Team time trial where  went out early and fast beating the rain and the other teams to win the stage. Although Longo's teammate Fabio Baldato was thought to have crossed the line first Longo wore the yellow leaders jersey into stage 2 where he then lost it to Graeme Brown. Longo took his only top 10 in a stage of a tour at the 2008 Tour of Turkey where in stage 7 he sprinted to ninth after leading out team sprinter David Loosli to fourth position.

Major results
Sources:
2006
 1st Piccola Coppa Agostoni
 3rd Trofeo Città di Brescia
 5th Circuito del Porto
2007
 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour de Pologne
 3rd Trofeo Lindo e Sano

References

External links

Italian male cyclists
1984 births
Living people
Cyclists from the Province of Verona
20th-century Italian people
21st-century Italian people


AREMOS is a data management and econometrics software package released by Global Insight. It was most popular in the late 1980s and 1990s, when it was used by leading economists. Developed as a DOS application by Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates - WEFA now IHS Markit, it has gone through many iterations. Thomsons' Datastream macroeconomic databases which were accessible with AREMOS, were a key selling point.

The U.S. statistical agency Bureau of Economic Analysis ran AREMOS extensively until 2015.

Today its use is largely legacy and has been superseded by newer econometric packages such as EViews, developed by WEFA successor company, IHS Markit. Although sales of AREMOS to new customers ended in late 2015, certain existing customers were given the option to purchase a perpetual license which doesn't expire until the end of 2036.

References

Econometrics software


Tom Kalkhuis (born 15 May 1986 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch football player who currently plays for FC Breukelen and previously played for FC Omniworld and Onisilos Sotira.

External links
 Player profile

1986 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Amsterdam
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Eerste Divisie players
Almere City FC players
VV Haaglandia players
Onisilos Sotira players
Cypriot Second Division players


Saint-Georges-de-Gréhaigne (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in north-western France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Georges-de-Gréhaigne are called grehaignois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


C. Joshua Pollard   (born May 1968) is a British archaeologist who is a professor of archaeology at the University of Southampton. He gained his BA and PhD in archaeology from the Cardiff University, and is a specialist in the archaeology of the Neolithic period in the UK and north-west Europe, especially in relation to the study of depositional practices, monumentality, and landscape. He is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London

Pollard has been involved in field projects around the Neolithic monument complexes of Avebury and Stonehenge, including the 1997–2003 Longstones Project which sought to understand the sequence and context of monument construction in the later Neolithic in the Avebury region, and which led to the rediscovery of a second megalithic avenue (the Beckhampton Avenue) leading from the Avebury henge and an unusual later Neolithic enclosure. The project also examined other key elements of the complex, such as the West Kennet Avenue, Falkner's Circle and the Avebury Cove.

He has been involved in the Stonehenge Riverside Project since 2004: a field project that he jointly directs with Dr Mike Parker Pearson, Dr Colin Richards, Dr Julian Thomas, Dr Chris Tilley and Dr Kate Welham. The project's aim is to understand the local and regional context of Stonehenge, not as a monument in isolation, but as part of a more extensive 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC ceremonial complex focused on the River Avon. Work at the henge enclosure of Durrington Walls in 2004 explored the area of the south-eastern entrance, and the relationship between the henge and River Avon.

He can be seen on 'Digging for Britain in 2017.  Pollard is currently working on the "Living with Monuments” (2016–2021) project in collaboration with Prof. Mark Gillings at Bournemouth University and the National Trust at Avebury.

Books
 Gillings, M., Pollard, J., Peterson, R. & Wheatley, D. 2008. Landscape of the Megaliths: excavation and fieldwork on the Avebury monuments, 1997–2003. Oxford: Oxbow Books
 Pollard, J., Howell, R., Chadwick, A. & Leaver, A. 2006. Lodge Hill Camp, Caerleon, and the Hillforts of Gwent. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports
 Gillings, M. & Pollard, J. 2004. Avebury. London: Duckworth
 Cleal, R. & Pollard, J. (eds). 2004. Monuments and Material Culture: essays on Neolithic and Bronze Age Britain. East Salisbury: Hobnob Press
 Pollard, J. & Reynolds, A. 2002. Avebury: the biography of a landscape. Stroud and Charleston, SC: Tempus
 Whittle, A., Pollard, J. & Grigson, C. 1999. The Harmony of Symbols: the Windmill Hill causewayed enclosure. Oxford: Oxbow Books
 Pollard, J. 1997. Neolithic Britain. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications
 Pollard, J. (ed). 2008. Prehistoric Britain. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing

References

External links

Joshua Pollard's Profile on University of Southampton

English archaeologists
Alumni of Cardiff University
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Living people
1968 births


The 2008 Alabama Republican presidential primary was held on February 5 (Super Tuesday) and had a total of 45 delegates at stake. The winner in each of the 7 congressional districts was awarded all of that district's delegates.

Results

*Candidate withdrew prior to primary.

See also

 2008 Alabama Democratic presidential primary
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries

References

Alabama
Republican presidential primary
2008
2008 Super Tuesday


Saint-Ganton (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department
Jean-Marie Valentin

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Mauro Santambrogio (born 7 October 1984 in Erba) is a former Italian professional road racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team .

Career
Until 2009, Santambrogio rode for , and after the 2009 season he changed to . In 2010, he was mentioned in the Mantova doping investigation, and was sidelined for a few days by his team; he was again sidelined in 2011 when new evidence showed up.

After leaving BMC at the end of the 2012 season, Santambrogio joined . He made an excellent start to the season, including finishing 6th overall in Tour de San Luis, 7th overall in Tirreno–Adriatico and winning the GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano in pouring rain. He was clear of the group with Patrik Sinkewitz, when Sinkewitz crashed at a right turn with  to go. Santambrogio then soloed his way to victory. Santambrogio then finished 2nd overall in Giro del Trentino. At the Giro d'Italia, Santambrogio won Stage 14 after attacking with race leader Vincenzo Nibali, to rise to fourth overall, and just one second off the final podium place occupied by Rigoberto Urán. However, Santambrogio's form collapsed and he eventually finished 9th overall. Santambrogio's surprising performances had caused rumours amongst the peloton of doping from early in the race.

Doping
On 3 June 2013, it was announced that Santambrogio had tested positive for erythropoietin (EPO) after the first stage of the 2013 Giro d'Italia. This came just a few weeks after teammate Danilo Di Luca was thrown out of the Giro for testing positive for the same substance. Santambrogio was also sacked by the team. Santambrogio was suspended by the UCI until 2 November 2014.

On 22 October 2014, Santambrogio tested positive for testosterone and was suspended for three years. Santambrogio said he would not seek to return once his suspension has been served.

Career achievements

Major results

2004
 2nd Tour du lac Leman
 5th Stausee-Rundfahrt Klingnau
 8th GP della Costa Etruschi
2005
 1st Giro del Lago Maggiore (GP Knorr)
 3rd  Road race, Mediterranean Games
 3rd Giro del Mendrisiotto
 5th Memorial Cimurri
 7th Coppa Sabatini
 7th Coppa Placci
2009
 1st Overall Tre Valli Varesine
 2nd Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 8th Overall Tour Down Under
2010
 2nd Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 5th GP Ouest–France
 8th Giro di Lombardia
2011
 2nd Giro della Toscana
2012
 4th Giro di Lombardia
 6th Clásica de San Sebastián
 6th Gran Piemonte
2013
 1st GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
 2nd Overall Giro del Trentino
 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 5th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 6th Overall Tour de San Luis
 7th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links

Page on CyclingBase.com

Italian male cyclists
1984 births
Living people
Cyclists from the Province of Como
Doping cases in cycling
Italian sportspeople in doping cases
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in cycling
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games


Saint-Étienne-en-Coglès (, pronounced as Saint-Étienne-en-Cogles; ) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Maen Roch.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Étienne-en-Coglès are called stéphanais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Former communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The pont National (named pont Napoléon-III from its construction until 1870) is a road and rail bridge across the Seine in Paris, to the east of the 12th and 13th arrondissements.  With a total length of 188.5m, it is made up of 5 masonry arches.  Its rail part carries the Petite Ceinture, now disused, and its road part links boulevard Poniatowski to boulevard Masséna. Its nearest Paris Métro stations are Porte de Charenton and Cour Saint-Émilion.

History

It was built between 1852 and 1853 as a railway bridge (to allow the Petite Ceinture line to cross the river) and to link the "enceintes" on the two sides of the river.  Its architects were E. Couche, Petit, Gaspard, and Netter.  Its width was doubled with an addition on the upstream side in 1936.

See also
List of crossings of the River Seine

External links

  Mairie de Paris
  Structurae

National
National
Buildings and structures in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 13th arrondissement of Paris


Cenn Fáelad mac Colgan (died 682) was a King of Connacht from the Uí Briúin branch of the Connachta. He was of the branch which developed into the Uí Briúin Seóla, who were centred on Tuam in modern County Galway. He is the first member of this branch mentioned in the annals.

The first mention of Cenn Fáelad in the annals is in the year 653 when the ally of the Ui Fiachrach Aidhne, Marcán mac Tomaini, the king of the Ui Maine was slain in battle in Iarthair Seola by Cenn Fáelad and Máenach mac Báethíne of the Uí Briúin. In the Annals of the Four Masters it is Maenach who is referred to as chief of the Uí Briúin.

The next mention of Cenn Fáelad is in 663 when the Annals of Tigernach mention that he became king of Connacht in succession to Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin (died 663). The king lists such as that in the Book of Leinster also place his reign after Guaire. However, the Chronicum Scotorum mentions the death of Muirchertach Nár mac Guairi (died 668) as king of Connacht in 668. The annals also mention a certain Dub-Indracht mac Dúnchada as king of the Uí Briúin of Mag nAi in 666.

The last mention of Cenn Fáelad in the annals is in 682 when he was reputedly assassinated by Ulcha Dearg ua Caillidhe (also known as Redbeard) of the Conmaicne Cuile, a subject tribe of the Seóla region. Francis Byrne believed this killing was in response to the Uí Briúin policy of subjugation and annexation of subject tribal territories. Cenn Fáelad's descendants included the Muintir Murchadha and their chief, the O'Flaherty, through his son Amhalgadh, sometimes titled kings of Iarthair Connacht in the annals; and the Clann Cosgraigh, headed by McHugh, through Cenn Fáelad's son Dungalaigh.

See also
Kings of Connacht

References

External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

682 deaths
Kings of Connacht
Nobility from County Galway
7th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown


Saint-Erblon (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Erblon are called saint-erblonnais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Ogdensburg Free Academy is a public high school in Ogdensburg, New York. It consists of around 750 or more students in the 7th through 12th grade. The famous Golden Dome is located on State Street and attracts residents from across the North Country. Every year, the Ogdensburg Boys & Girls Clubs of America hosts an 'Expo' where local businesses can get the most advertisement. There are also performances (such as the local dance studio or choir) in the Golden Dome.

History
Ogdensburg Free Academy was founded in 1868.

In March 2020, Ogdensburg Free Academy, along with other schools in the area, closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It remained closed until the end of the school year, with classes being held online.

Academics
Ogdensburg Free Academy is ranked 425th in New York State, and 5,125th in the nation. The AP participation rate is 23%, minority enrollment is 2%, and 54% of enrolled students are economically disadvantaged. It performs slightly below the state median.

Athletics
Ogdensburg Free Academy's sports teams are known as the Blue Devils. Despite consistently winning NYSPHSAA Section X championships across many sports, they have never won the state championships.

The Blue Devils are notorious in the region for their fast speed in basketball.

OFA is home to the Van Dusen track meet, one of the oldest sporting events in New York history.

Ogdensburg Free Academy offers the following sports:

Fall sports

 Cheerleading (Varsity)
 Boys’ Cross Country (Varsity, Modified)
 Girls’ Cross Country (Varsity, Modified)
 Football (Varsity, JV, Modified)
 Boys’ Soccer (Varsity, JV, Modified)
 Girls’ Soccer (Varsity, JV, Modified)
 Girls’ Swimming (Varsity, Modified)
 Volleyball (Varsity, JV, Modified)

Winter sports

 Boys’ Basketball (Varsity, JV, Modified 8th, Modified 7th)
 Girls’ Basketball (Varsity, JV, Modified 8th, Modified 7th)
 Cheerleading (Varsity)
 Boys’ Ice Hockey (Varsity)
 Girls’ Ice Hockey (Varsity, merger with Canton)
 Boys’ Indoor Track and Field (Varsity, Modified)
 Girls’ Indoor Track and Field (Varsity, Modified)
 Wrestling (Varsity, JV, Modified)

Spring sports

 Baseball (Varsity, JV, Modified)
 Softball (Varsity, JV, Modified)
 Boys’ Lacrosse (Varsity, Modified)
 Girls’ Lacrosse (Varsity, Modified)
 Boys’ Outdoor Track and Field (Varsity, Modified)
 Girls’ Outdoor Track and Field (Varsity, Modified)
 Golf (Varsity)

Intramurals

 Weight Training (Grades 7-12)

Performances and Fine Arts
Ogdensburg Free Academy offers many opportunities to students interested in the arts.

Art
The art department offers a wide variety of classes such as Studio Art, which covers a wide range of different media, as well as more specialized classes such as sculpting, ceramics, painting, and digital art to grades 9 through 12. Students in 7th grade must also take one semester of an art class.

Every year in the fall and spring, the school hosts an art show showcasing entries from grades K-12 throughout the school district in the James F. Montpelier art gallery.

Music
The music department offers both band and chorus for grades 9-12, as well as a separate middle school band and chorus for grades 7–8. There is also a separate Jazz Band for 7-12.

Theater
The OFA Drama Club puts an annual musical on between November and December. Participation is not mandatory. Grades 8-12 are allowed to audition for speaking roles, or alternatively participate in the ensemble alongside Grade 7. In addition, Grades 7-12 are allowed to join the crew to help with the lights, audio, and any props that need to be moved on and off stage. Only Grade 12 students taking Theater Tech as an elective are allowed to man the ropes.

Alumni

 Pete Gogolak, the first soccer-style placekicker in American professional football, and his younger brother Charlie, who also became a professional football placekicker, both attended Ogdensburg Free Academy and played their first football games there.

References

Public high schools in New York (state)
Schools in St. Lawrence County, New York
Public middle schools in New York (state)


Sainte-Marie (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Sainte-Marie are called samaritains in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Maciej Bodnar (born 7 March 1985, in Oława) is a Polish professional road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . He is the brother of fellow racing cyclist Łukasz Bodnar. Bodnar has been a team-mate of Peter Sagan throughout Sagan's career.

Major results

2006
 1st  Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
2007
 1st  Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
 1st Grand Prix Bradlo
2008
 National Road Championships
2nd Time trial
3rd Road race
 7th Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique
2009
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
2010
 1st Stage 4 (TTT) Giro d'Italia
 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 National Road Championships
2nd Time trial
3rd Road race
 9th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2012
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 3rd Overall Three Days of De Panne
2013
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
2014
 1st Stage 3b (ITT) Three Days of De Panne
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
 8th Overall Dubai Tour
2015
 1st Stage 4 Tour de Pologne
 2nd Overall Tour of Qatar
 8th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2016
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 1st Stage 3b (ITT) Three Days of De Panne
 4th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 6th Time trial, Olympic Games
2017
 Tour de France
1st Stage 20 (ITT)
 Combativity award Stage 11
 2nd  Time trial, UEC European Road Championships
 3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
2018
 National Road Championships
1st  Time trial
2nd Road race
 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Czech Cycling Tour
2019
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
2020
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
2021
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 7th Overall Okolo Slovenska
 8th Time trial, UEC European Road Championships
2022
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 5th Time trial, UEC European Road Championships
2023
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links

Polish male cyclists
1985 births
Living people
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Poland
Polish Tour de France stage winners
People from Oława
Cyclists from Lower Silesian Voivodeship


Sainte-Colombe (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Sainte-Colombe are called colombins in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Sainte-Anne-sur-Vilaine (, literally Sainte-Anne on Vilaine; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Geography
The river Chère forms all of the commune's southern border, then flows into the Vilaine, which forms all of its western border.

Population
Inhabitants of Sainte-Anne-sur-Vilaine are called saintanais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Herbert Stern may refer to:

Herbert Stern, 1st Baron Michelham (1851–1919), British financier and philanthropist
Herbert Jay Stern (born 1936), American lawyer and judge


Saint-Domineuc (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine département in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Domineuc are called docmaëliens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The 2008 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose 31 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

New York was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 26.9% margin of victory. Obama took 62.88% of the vote to McCain's 36.03%. At the time this was the highest Democratic vote share in New York State since 1964, although Obama would outperform his 2008 showing in New York just four years later in 2012. Prior to the election, all 17 news organizations considered this a state Obama would win, or otherwise considered as a safe blue state. Located in the Northeast, a region of the country that is trending heavily towards the Democrats, elections in the Empire State are dominated by the presence of the heavily populated, heavily diverse, liberal bastion of New York City where Democrats are always favored to win.

, this is the last election in which Chautauqua County voted for the Democratic candidate.

Primaries
 2008 New York Democratic presidential primary
 2008 New York Republican presidential primary

Campaign

Predictions
There were 16 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:

Polling

Obama won all but one pre-election poll. Since September 15, Obama won each poll with a double-digit margin of victory and each with at least 55% of the vote. He won the final Marist poll with a 36-point spread. The final 3 polls averaged Obama leading 63% to 31%.

Fundraising
McCain raised a total of $12,582,856 in the state. Barack Obama raised $58,161,743.

Advertising and visits
Obama and his interest groups spent $1,148,016. McCain and his interest groups spent just $7,310. The Republican visited the state 11 times and the Democratic ticket visited the state 4 times.

Analysis

New York was once reckoned as a powerful swing state with a slight Democratic lean. However, the last time the state went Republican was for Ronald Reagan in 1984. Michael Dukakis narrowly won it against George H. W. Bush in 1988, but the state has not been seriously contested since then. It is now considered an uncontested blue state, and was heavily favored to vote for Obama by a significant margin.

Elections in the Empire State are dominated by the presence of New York City, a Democratic stronghold for more than a century and a half. It is made up mostly of white liberals as well as ethnic and religious minorities—all voting blocs that strongly vote Democratic. Obama won Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx by margins of 5-to-1 or more and carried Queens by a 3-to-1 margin. The only borough McCain carried was Staten Island, traditionally the most conservative area of the city. Obama's combined million-vote margin in the Five Boroughs would have been enough by itself to carry the state.

However, Obama also dominated heavily Democratic Western New York, including Buffalo and Rochester, and the Capital District (Albany, Schenectady and Troy), as well as the increasingly Democratic Long Island and Syracuse areas. Even when New York was considered a swing state, a Republican had to carry Long Island and do reasonably well in either Western New York, the Capital District or Syracuse to make up for the massive Democratic margins in New York City. Obama also won a number of traditionally Republican-leaning counties in Upstate New York and became the first Democrat since Lyndon B. Johnson to win an outright majority of votes in the Upstate (although Democratic candidates had been consistently winning pluralities of the vote since 1992). Barack Obama dominated in fiercely Democratic New York City, taking 2,074,159 votes to John McCain's 524,787, giving Obama a 79.29% - 20.06% landslide victory citywide. Excluding the votes of New York City, Obama still would have carried New York State, but by a smaller margin. Obama would have received 2,730,786 votes to McCain's 2,227,984, giving Obama a 55.06% - 44.93% victory.

At the same time, Democrats in New York picked up three seats in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2008. In the 13th district, which consists of Staten Island and part of Brooklyn, Democrats picked up an open seat that was vacated by former Republican Vito Fossella who resigned after he was arrested for getting a DUI. Democrat Michael McMahon solidly defeated Republican Robert Staniere by a two-to-one margin, 60.79-33.26%. His victory made the city's delegation entirely Democratic for the first time in over 70 years.  In the 25th district, centered around Syracuse, Democrat Dan Maffei handily defeated Republican Dale Sweetland 55% to 42% for the open seat vacated by Republican Jim Walsh.  In New York's 29th congressional district, which includes Canandaigua, Democrat Eric Massa narrowly defeated incumbent Republican Randy Kuhl by 1.7 points. This reduced the Republicans to only three of the state's 29 seats in the House—the fewest the GOP has ever won in an election. At the state level, Democrats picked up a seat in the New York State Assembly and two seats in the New York State Senate which gave Democrats control of the Senate and ultimately both chambers of the New York Legislature for the first time since 1966. This gave the Democrats complete control of New York's state government for the first time since 1935.

Results

New York City results

By county

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

 Dutchess (County Seat: Poughkeepsie)
 Orange (County Seat: Goshen)
 Rockland (County Seat: New City)
 Saratoga (County Seat: Ballston Spa)
 Cayuga (County Seat: Auburn)
 Chautauqua (County Seat: Mayville)
 Cortland (County Seat: Cortland)
 Essex (County Seat: Elizabethtown)
 Otsego (County Seat: Cooperstown)
 Seneca (County Seat: Waterloo)
 Sullivan (County Seat: Monticello)
 Oswego (County Seat: Waterloo)
 Washington (County Seat: Hudson Falls)
 Madison (County Seat: Wampsville)
 Warren (County Seat: Queensbury)

By congressional district
Barack Obama swept 26 of the state's 29 congressional districts in New York, including two districts held by Republicans. John McCain carried 3 districts, including two district that simultaneously elected Democrats.

Electors

Technically the voters of New York cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. New York is allocated 31 electors because it had 29 congressional districts under the 2000 Census and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 31 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and their running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 31 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than their candidate is known as a faithless elector.

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 31 electors were pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Velda Jeffrey
June O'Neill
Dennis Mehiel
David Paterson
Andrew Cuomo
Thomas DiNapoli
Sheldon Silver
Malcolm Smith
Maria Luna
Robert Master
Pamela Green-Perkins
Helen D. Foster
Jon Cooper
Hakeem Jeffries
Richard Fife
Deborah Slott
Terrence Yang
George Arthur
George Gresham
Alan Van Capelle
Inez Dickens
Suzy Ballantyne
Alan Lubin
Bethaida Gonzalez
Christine Quinn
William Thompson
Stuart Applebaum
Maritza Davila
Ivan Young
Barbara J. Fiala
Frank A. Bolz

See also
 United States presidential elections in New York
 Presidency of Barack Obama

References

2008
New York
2008 New York (state) elections


Saint-Didier (; ; Gallo: Saent-Didier) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Didier are called déodatiens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Dmitri Nikolaevich Torgovanov (; born 5 January 1972) is a former Russian handball player and Olympic Champion from 2000 in Sydney.  He is currently a head coach for Neva. He was the head coach for the Russian national team between 2015 and 2017.

He received a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the Russian national team.

References

1972 births
Living people
Russian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Russia
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health alumni
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Rhein-Neckar Löwen players


In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy. The RBE is an empirical value that varies depending on the type of ionizing radiation, the energies involved, the biological effects being considered such as cell death, and the oxygen tension of the tissues or so-called oxygen effect.

Application
The absorbed dose can be a poor indicator of the biological effect of radiation, as the biological effect can depend on many other factors, including the type of radiation, energy, and type of tissue.  The relative biological effectiveness can help give a better measure of the biological effect of radiation.  The relative biological effectiveness for radiation of type R on a tissue is defined as the ratio

where DX is a reference absorbed dose of radiation of a standard type X, and DR is the absorbed dose of radiation of type R that causes the same amount of biological damage. Both doses are quantified by the amount of energy absorbed in the cells.

Different types of radiation have different biological effectiveness mainly because they transfer their energy to the tissue in different ways.  Photons and beta particles have a low linear energy transfer (LET) coefficient, meaning that they ionize atoms in the tissue that are spaced by several hundred nanometers (several tenths of a micrometer) apart, along their path. In contrast, the much more massive alpha particles and neutrons leave a denser trail of ionized atoms in their wake, spaced about one tenth of a nanometer apart (i.e., less than one-thousandth of the typical distance between ionizations for photons and beta particles).

RBEs can be used for either cancer/hereditary risks (stochastic) or for harmful tissue reactions (deterministic) effects. Tissues have different RBEs depending on the type of effect.  For high LET radiation (i.e., alphas and neutrons), the RBEs for deterministic effects tend to be lower than those for stochastic effects.

The concept of RBE is relevant in medicine, such as in radiology and radiotherapy, and to the evaluation of risks and consequences of radioactive contamination in various contexts, such as nuclear power plant operation, nuclear fuel disposal and reprocessing, nuclear weapons, uranium mining, and ionizing radiation safety.

Relation to radiation weighting factors (WR)

For the purposes of computing the equivalent dose to an organ or tissue, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has defined a standard set of radiation weighting factors (WR), formerly termed the quality factor (Q). The radiation weighting factors convert absorbed dose (measured in SI units of grays or non-SI rads) into formal biological equivalent dose for radiation exposure (measured in units of sieverts or rem).  However, ICRP states:

"The quantities equivalent dose and effective dose should not be used to quantify higher radiation doses or to make decisions on the need for any treatment related to tissue reactions [i.e., deterministic effects]. For such purposes, doses should be evaluated in terms of absorbed dose (in gray, Gy), and where high-LET radiations (e.g., neutrons or alpha particles) are involved, an absorbed dose, weighted with an appropriate RBE, should be used"

Radiation weighting factors are largely based on the RBE of radiation for stochastic health risks.  However, for simplicity, the radiation weighting factors are not dependent on the type of tissue, and the values are conservatively chosen to be greater than the bulk of experimental values observed for the most sensitive cell types, with respect to external (external to the cell) sources. Radiation weighting factors have not been developed for internal sources of heavy ions, such as a recoil nucleus.

The ICRP 2007 standard values for relative effectiveness are given below.  The higher radiation weighting factor for a type of radiation, the more damaging it is, and this is incorporated into the calculation to convert from gray to sievert units.

Radiation weighting factors that go from physical energy to biological effect must not be confused with tissue weighting factors. The tissue weighting factors are used to convert an equivalent dose to a given tissue in the body, to an effective dose, a number that provides an estimation of total danger to the whole organism, as a result of the radiation dose to part of the body.

Experimental methods

Typically the evaluation of relative biological effectiveness is done on various types of living cells grown in culture medium, including prokaryotic cells such as bacteria, simple eukaryotic cells such as single celled plants, and advanced eukaryotic cells derived from organisms such as rats.  By irradiating batches of cells with different doses and types of radiation, a relationship between dose and the fraction of cells that die can be found, and then used to find the doses corresponding to some common survival rate. The ratio of these doses is the RBE of R. Instead of death, the endpoint might be the fraction of cells that become unable to undergo mitotic division (or, for bacteria, binary fission), thus being effectively sterilized — even if they can still carry out other cellular functions.

The types R of ionizing radiation most considered in RBE evaluation are X-rays and gamma radiation (both consisting of photons), alpha radiations (helium-4 nuclei), beta radiation (electrons and positrons), neutron radiation, and heavy nuclei, including the fragments of nuclear fission.  For some kinds of radiation, the RBE is strongly dependent on the energy of the individual particles.

Dependence on tissue type
Early on it was found that X-rays, gamma rays, and beta radiation were essentially equivalent for all cell types.  Therefore, the standard radiation type X is generally an X-ray beam with 250 keV photons or cobalt-60 gamma rays.  As a result, the relative biological effectiveness of beta and photon radiation is essentially 1.

For other radiation types, the RBE is not a well-defined physical quantity, since it varies somewhat with the type of tissue and with the precise place of absorption within the cell.  Thus, for example, the RBE for alpha radiation is 2–3 when measured on bacteria, 4–6 for simple eukaryotic cells, and 6–8 for higher eukaryotic cells. According to one source it may be much higher (6500 with X rays as the reference) on ovocytes. The RBE of neutrons is 4–6 for bacteria, 8–12 for simple eukaryotic cells, and 12–16 for higher eukaryotic cells.

Dependence on source location
In the early experiments, the sources of radiation were all external to the cells that were irradiated. However, since alpha particles cannot traverse the outermost dead layer of human skin, they can do significant damage only if they come from the decay of atoms inside the body.  Since the range of an alpha particle is typically about the diameter of a single eukaryotic cell, the precise location of the emitting atom in the tissue cells becomes significant.

For this reason, it has been suggested that the health impact of contamination by alpha emitters might have been substantially underestimated.  Measurements of RBE with external sources also neglect the ionization caused by the recoil of the parent-nucleus due to the alpha decay. While the recoil of the parent-nucleus of the decaying atom typically carries only about 2% of the energy of the alpha-particle that is emitted by the decaying atom, its range is extremely short (about 2–3 angstroms), due to its high electric charge and high mass.  The parent nucleus is required to recoil, upon emission of an alpha particle, with a discrete kinetic energy due to conservation of momentum. Thus, all of the ionization energy from the recoil-nucleus is deposited in an extremely small volume near its original location, typically in the cell nucleus on the chromosomes, which have an affinity for heavy metals. The bulk of studies, using sources that are external to the cell, have yielded RBEs between 10 and 20.  Since most of the ionization damage from the travel of the alpha particle is deposited in the cytoplasm, whereas from the travel of the recoil-nucleus is on the DNA itself, it is likely greater damage is caused by the recoil nucleus than by the alpha particle itself.

History
In 1931, Failla and Henshaw reported on determination of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of x rays and γ rays. This appears to be the first use of the term ‘RBE’. The authors noted that RBE was dependent on the experimental system being studied. Somewhat later, it was pointed out by Zirkle et al. (1952) that the biological effectiveness depends on the spatial distribution of the energy imparted and the density of ionisations per unit path length of the ionising particles. Zirkle et al. coined the term ‘linear energy transfer (LET)’ to be used in radiobiology for the stopping power, i.e. the energy loss per unit path length of a charged particle. The concept was introduced in the 1950s, at a time when the deployment of nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors spurred research on the biological effects of artificial radioactivity.  It had been noticed that those effects depended both on the type and energy spectrum of the radiation, and on the kind of living tissue.  The first systematic experiments to determine the RBE were conducted in that decade.

See also
 Background radiation
 Linear energy transfer (LET)
 Theory of dual radiation action

References

External links
Relative Biological Effectiveness in Ion Beam Therapy

Radiation health effects


The Alexander Noble House, built in 1875, is a historic Greek Revival farmhouse located in Fish Creek, Door County, Wisconsin on Wisconsin Highway 42. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1996.

Description and history
Alexander Noble, one of the founders of Fish Creek, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1829 and moved to Fish Creek in 1863. He served the community as blacksmith, postmaster, town chairman, and county board member.

Today, the restored Noble House contains many of its original furnishings and artifacts. The home's authentic room settings depict the period from 1875 to 1900. The house offers tours that portray life in Door County over a century ago, depicting the village as a thriving fishing and shipping village with horse-drawn wagons traveling the dirt streets.

The house is run as a nonprofit institution operated by the Gibraltar Historical Association, Box 323, Fish Creek, WI 54212.

References

External links
 The Door County Historic Noble House
Noble house reflects character of its owner by John Kahlert, Door County Advocate, March 18, 1976

Historic house museums in Wisconsin
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Museums in Door County, Wisconsin
Scottish-American history
Houses in Door County, Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Door County, Wisconsin
Houses completed in 1868
Greek Revival houses in Wisconsin


The pont de Tolbiac is a bridge across the Seine in Paris built between 1879 and 1882 by H.P. Bernard, and J.D.A. Pérouse.  It crosses from the 12th to the 13th arrondissement, linking quai de Bercy to rue Neuve Tolbiac.  Its nearest Paris Metro station is Cour Saint-Émilion.

History

The pont de Tolbiac was built in a wave of urbanisation of eastern Paris in the second half of the 19th century.  The decision to build it was made in 1877 by a vote of the municipal council, in order to create an intermediate crossing in the long space between the existing Pont National and Pont de Bercy. The city financed the works, which began in 1879.  It was hit by a downed British plane in 1943.
In the 1990s it became the location for techno raves.

Architecture
Total length of , five elliptical arches, 28m, 35m and 32m openings.

See also
 List of crossings of the River Seine

References

External links

  Mairie de Paris
  Structurae

Tolbiac
Tolbiac
Buildings and structures in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 13th arrondissement of Paris


Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, S.A. (), or FCC, is a Spanish construction company based in Barcelona. Until November 2014, over 50 percent of the shares were owned by a company controlled by the daughter of its founder, Esther Koplowitz and others, when George Soros bought around 25 percent of her rights to acquire shares.

History
The business was founded in Barcelona in 1900 as Fomento de Obras y Construcciones S.A. and became known as FOCSA. In 1992 FOCSA merged with Construcciones y Contratas, a company founded in Madrid in 1944 to form Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, S.A.

Proactiva was a 50–50 joint venture formed in 1999 between Veolia Environnement and FCC, until Veolia bought the other 50 percent share from FCC in 2013.

In September 2006 FCC acquired the British Waste Recycling Group, excluding its landfill gas operations, from Terra Firma Capital Partners for £1.4 billion.

In July 2013, Alpine Bau Holding GmbH, a subsidiary of FCC which had accumulated debt of €2.56 billion and placed €190 million of corporate bonds on the Wiener Börse OTC, went into administration.

In August 2013, FCC sold its subsidiary Alpine Energie, a company of 3,000 employees in the German-speaking Alps that builds and maintains power plants, telecommunications, and traffic infrastructure, to Triton Partners, a private equity company, for just under €100 million ($133 million).

In November 2014, FCC shared that American business magnate George Soros would become a key shareholder.

In March 2015, it was announced that Mexican business magnate Carlos Slim would also be a minority shareholder in the company.

Structure
 the business was divided into the following three major divisions:
 FCC Environmental services like Urban related services (Versia)
 FCC Water
 FCC Infrastructure, including subdivisions construction, cement, concessions, industrial (includes energy distribution networks, mining and biofuel, oil and gas pipelines for Repsol, CLH, Gas Natural Fenosa and Enagás.) and real estate (Realia)

Major projects

Major FCC construction projects have included:
 Torre Picasso in Madrid, completed in 1988
 Gate of Europe, completed in 1996
 Prince Philip Museum of Science in Valencia, completed in 2000
 Torre Caja Madrid, completed in 2008
 Pasajul Basarab in Bucharest, completed in 2011
 New Europe Bridge between Bulgaria and Romania, completed in 2013
 Haren Prison, Brussels, Belgium, completed in 2022

References

External links

Construction and civil engineering companies of Spain
Companies based in the Community of Madrid
Companies based in Barcelona
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1900
Spanish companies established in 1900
Companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange
Multinational companies headquartered in Spain
Spanish brands


Saint-Christophe-des-Bois (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Christophe-des-Bois are called christophéens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Saint-Broladre (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Broladre are called Broladrais or Broladriens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Denis Ivanovich Krivoshlykov () (born May 10, 1971 in Moscow) is a Russian team handball player and Olympic Champion from 2000 in Sydney.  He received a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the Russian national team.

References

1971 births
Living people
Russian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Russia
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Sportspeople from Moscow
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Saint-Brieuc-des-Iffs (, literally Saint-Brieuc of Les Iffs; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Brieuc-des-Iffs are called briochins in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Hicks Withers-Lancashire (1829 – 31 January 1909), also known as Hicks Withers, was a British veterinary surgeon.

He was born in Ham Green in Somerset to Samuel Withers, a veterinary surgeon, and Martha Lancashire.

He graduated in London on 30 April 1851. Hicks joined the army as Veterinary Surgeon with the Royal Horse Artillery on 6 March 1854. He was involved in the Crimean War and was present at the Charge of the Light Brigade, the Alma, Sebastapol, Balaklava and Inkerman. Later, in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he was at the relief of the Siege of Lucknow. He was promoted to 1st Class Veterinary Surgeon on 21 November 1861. In 1864 he was appointed to the 10th Hussars where he remained until 2 January 1869.

After he left the army Withers adopted the surname Lancashire as a racing name; he owned a number of steeple-chasers including Brunswick which finished fourth in the 1890 Grand National.

In the 1890s, he became the Lord of the Manor of Stockbridge in Hampshire until 1902 when it was sold to Mr. R. P. Attenborough.

References

1829 births
1909 deaths
Medical doctors from Bristol
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
Royal Artillery officers
10th Royal Hussars officers
3rd The King's Own Hussars officers
Royal Army Veterinary Corps officers
People from Pill, Somerset
Military personnel from Bristol


The Bishops-Assistant at the Pontifical Throne were ecclesiastical titles in the Roman Catholic Church. It designated prelates belonging to the Papal Chapel, who stood near the throne of the Pope at solemn functions. They ranked immediately below the College of Cardinals and were also Counts of the Apostolic Palace. Assistants at the Pontifical Throne, unless specifically exempted, immediately enter the Papal nobility as Counts of Rome.

Pope Paul VI ended the use of this and similar titles of nobility in 1968.

Background
Prelate Assistants to the Pontifical Throne are distinguished from Prince assistants, who were members of the lay nobility. Prelate Assistants held toward the Pope much the same relation as cathedral canons do to their bishop. Bishops assistants (assistentes solio pontificio) are named by a Brief of the Secretariate of State, and in virtue of their office are members of the Pontifical Chapel (Cappella Pontificia). They assist at Solemn Mass holding the book and the bugia (candle).

History
All patriarchs and some bishops selected by the Pope, were made Assistants at the Pontifical Throne.

On 22 May 1862, during the canonization ceremony of the twenty-six Catholic martyrs of Japan, Pope Pius IX elevated all the bishops present to the rank of Assistant at the Pontifical Throne.
On 8 January 1866, Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei was named Dean of the Assistants at the Pontifical Throne after Pope Pius IX named him Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
On 17 June 1867, during the 1800th anniversary of the martyrdom of Saints Peter and Paul, Pope Pius IX elevated all the bishops present to the rank of Assistant at the Pontifical Throne.

The title has not been in use since Pope Paul VI reformed the Pontifical Household. On 28 March 1968, he issued Pontificalis Domus, which renamed the Papal Court the Papal Household and eliminated all titles of nobility.

See also
Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne

References

New Catholic Dictionary

External links
 Cardinal Antici Mattei as Dean of the Assistants to the Pontifical Throne

Catholic ecclesiastical titles
Honorary titles of the Holy See
Papal household


Maud Francis, Countess of Salisbury (c. 1370 – c. 1424) was daughter of Sir Adam Francis, born c. 1326, Lord Mayor of London, and Agnes Champnes. She was married and widowed three times. Her first husband was John Aubrey (son of another Mayor of London, Andrew Aubrey) and her second Sir Alan Buxhull, KG in 1372.

With Sir Alan Buxhull, she had a son, who born posthumously, Sir Alan Buxhull II.

Her third husband was John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, and they had five children:

Richard Montacute
Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury
Lady Anne Montacute who married Sir Richard II Hankford as his second wife, then Sir Lewis Johan as his second wife and thirdly John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter as his third wife. Lady Anne was the mother of Anne Hankford by her first marriage.
Lady Margaret Montacute
Lady Elizabeth Montacute

Following the death of Mary de Bohun in 1394, her son, the future Henry V, was given into the care of the Earl and Countess of Salisbury by his father, Henry Bolingbroke, the future King Henry IV of England.  They cared for him at the manor of Courtfield in Herefordshire.  An effigy in the church at Welsh Bicknor is believed to be that of the countess.

In 1400, the Earl of Salisbury was executed for treason by King Henry IV.  In 1420, Maud petitioned King Henry V to have the earl's remains transferred from Cirencester Abbey to Bisham Priory.

References

1370s births
1420s deaths
Maud
Salisbury
14th-century English people
14th-century English women
15th-century English people
15th-century English women


Lovie Yancey (January 3, 1912 – January 26, 2008), born in Bastrop, Texas, was the African-American founder of the Fatburger restaurant chain.

Founding of Fatburger
She originally owned a small restaurant in Tucson. In 1947, she founded Fatburger under its original name, Mr. Fatburger. In 1952, Yancey shed both her business partners and the "Mr." from the name of the hamburger stand, and Fatburger was officially born. From the beginning, Yancey was a fixture at the original Fatburger, where customers, who included entertainers such as Redd Foxx and Ray Charles, could custom-order their burgers. Yancey always claimed, "I don't worry about McDonald's, Burger King, or Wendy's. They may be more popular, but a good hamburger sells itself, and I don't think anybody makes as good a hamburger as we do."

Yancey sold her Fatburger company to an investment group in 1990, but retained control of the original property on Western Avenue. She established a $1.7-million endowment at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte in 1986 for research into sickle-cell anemia. This was in fulfillment of a promise to her 22-year-old grandson, Duran Farrell, who had died of the disease three years earlier.

Death

On January 26, 2008, Yancey died of pneumonia. In addition to her daughter, Yancey was survived by three grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.

References

1912 births
2008 deaths
American food company founders
Fast-food chain founders
Deaths from pneumonia in California
American women company founders
American company founders
American women restaurateurs
American restaurateurs
20th-century American businesspeople
People from Bastrop, Texas
20th-century American businesswomen
21st-century American women


In United States parliamentary procedure , recognition, or assignment of the floor, is the exclusive right to be heard at that time by a member of a deliberative assembly.  With a few exceptions, a member must be recognized by the chairperson before engaging in debate or making a motion.

Rules
The general rule is that the first member to rise and address the chair after another member has yielded the floor (by sitting down) is entitled to the floor.

Exceptions to this general rule include the following:
 The maker of a motion is entitled to speak first in debate on it.
 If a motion is made to implement a recommendation in a committee report, the member who presented the report to the assembly is entitled to preference in recognition.
 If a motion is taken from the table, the member who moved to take it from the table is entitled to preference in recognition.
 If a motion is reconsidered, the member who made the motion to reconsider is entitled to preference in recognition.
 If a member has already spoken on the pending motion, he may not speak again on it on the same day as long as any other member who has not spoken on the motion claims the floor.
 If the chair knows that persons seeking the floor have opposite opinions on the pending motion, the chair is to let the floor alternate between the opposing sides. This is sometimes accomplished by designating different microphones for those favoring and opposing a measure or having members hold up cards indicating their position.
 If the floor has been assigned but the member has not yet begun to speak, another member may interrupt to give previous notice of another motion.
If the chair made a mistake in assigning the floor, a point of order may be raised.

Once a member has the floor, that member should not be interrupted unless a rule is being broken or the urgency of the situation justifies the interruption (such as a member raising a point of order).

See also
 Floor (legislative)

References

Parliamentary procedure


Sergey Valentinovich Pogorelov (; June 2, 1974 in Volgograd – April 24, 2019 in Volgograd) was a Russian team handball player and Olympic champion from 2000 in Sydney.  He received a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the Russian national team.

References

External links

1974 births
2019 deaths
Russian male handball players
Olympic handball players for Russia
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Sportspeople from Volgograd
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Sá is a Portuguese, Spanish and Sephardic Jewish surname. It has a high incidence in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Portugal, Brazil and Angola. It is still very common in countries like India, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nigeria, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Macao, Egypt, Indonesia and Morocco.

People
Alfredo de Sá, Portuguese politician and Prime Minister during the First Republic
André Sá, Brazilian tennis player
Armando Sá; Mozambican footballer
Ary de Sá, Brazilian long jumper
Bernardo de Sá, Portuguese politician and Prime Minister during the Constitutional Monarchy
Estácio de Sá, Portuguese military officer and founder of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
Francisco de Sá, Portuguese politician and former Prime Minister
Francisco de Sá, Portuguese poet of the Renaissance
Francisco Sá, retired Argentine footballer
Gustavo Sá, Brazilian footballer
José Sá, Portuguese footballer
Luiza Sá, Brazilian musician
Manuel de Sá, Portuguese Jesuit theologian and exegete
Mário de Sá, Portuguese poet and writer
Mem de Sá, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil
Ricardo Sá, Portuguese retired footballer
Roberta Sá, Brazilian singer
Roger De Sá, South African football manager
Rui de Sá, Angolan politician
Sandra de Sá, Brazilian singer and songwriter
Sílvio Sá, Portuguese footballer
Wanda Sá, Brazilian bossa nova singer and guitarist

Other
Bacalhau à Gomes de Sá, traditional Portuguese dry cod recipe named for Gomes de Sá
Coronel João Sá, municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil
Escola Secundária Sá de Miranda, Portuguese Public school in civil parish of São Vicente, in the municipality of Braga
Estácio de Sá Futebol Clube, Brazilian football team
Escola de Samba Estácio de Sá, samba school of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Francisco Sá, municipality in the north of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais
Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, in Porto, Portugal
Sá da Bandeira, capital city of the Angolan province of Huíla
Senador Sá, municipality in the state of Ceará in the Northeast region of Brazil
Universidade Estácio de Sá, University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Notes

Surnames of Jewish origin
Surnames of Sephardic origin
Portuguese-language surnames
Surnames of German origin


Jason Clive Lloyd is a retired English professional footballer who used to play for the Guyana national football team as a goalkeeper.

His father is notable West Indies cricketer Clive Lloyd.

In August 2010 it was reported that he was on trial with English Football League club Stockport County. He also had a trial at Crewe Alexandra FC in 2006.
He had a brief stint at Sun Sports F.C. in 2014.

Jason Clive Lloyd played the role of cricketer Joel Garner in the bollywood film 83.

References

External links

Living people
1981 births
English men's footballers
Guyanese men's footballers
Guyana men's international footballers
English people of Guyanese descent
Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Stockport