Kate Elizabeth Steele (born 9 September 1983) is an Australian singer, guitarist and songwriter of the four-piece rock band, Little Birdy.

Biography

Early life
Steele was born Kate Elizabeth Steele in Perth, Western Australia, and has a fraternal twin brother, Jake. She and her brother are the youngest in the family. Her father, Rick Steele, is a New Zealand-born accomplished blues musician who still performs today, together with Katy's oldest brother Jesse on drums, in his band, Rick Steele & The Hot Biscuit Band. Her other older brother Luke, is the vocalist, guitarist and songwriter of alternative rock band The Sleepy Jackson and also a member of the electronic music duo, Empire of the Sun. Jake performs on keyboards with his own band, Injured Ninja.

Steele grew up in the southern suburb of Jandakot and went to Mount Lawley Senior High School.  She first started playing in Perth electro-pop band, The Plastik Scene, in 2001.

Little Birdy (2002–2009)

In 2002, Steele left the band and joined Simon Leach forming Little Birdy.
Steele won the inaugural Jessica Michalik Contemporary Music Award, presented by The Big Day Out on 8 March 2004. In 2004, she was also awarded the Contemporary Music Prize by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).
At the 2005 West Australian Music Industry Awards Steele won the WAMi for 'Best Female Vocalist'.  She also recorded a version of the classic, "Six Months In a Leaky Boat", on the compilation album, She Will Have Her Way, a collection of Neil and Tim Finn songs performed by female Australian and New Zealand musicians.  The song reached number 96 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2005

In 2007, Steele won best female performer in the Australian live music awards. Katy has attracted comparisons to Kate Bush and PJ Harvey .

Also in 2007, Steele was invited by Paul Kelly to open for him on his 2007 'Stolen Apples' tour. Faced with a long run of solo shows, Steele set about writing new material.  The material was then adapted and forms the basis of Little Birdy's new album, Confetti.

In 2008, Steele relocated to Brunswick, with the other band members also moving to Melbourne. In early 2010 Steele announced on Triple J radio that she would be moving to New York and the band announced that they would be taking some time out to pursue other individual ventures.

Solo career (2010–present)

Steele moved to New York City in March 2010 for a change of scenery, and to start work on her new solo project.
"I’ve always loved the idea of NYC. The largeness, the intensity, the struggle. A lot of my idols have either come from New York or moved there at some point, so it’s something I’ve always wanted to do. There has never really been a chance in my life before now to have a break, or to pursue other directions."

In May 2010, Steele returned home for a whirlwind sold-out tour to the major capital cities. She showcased her new material, along with some old classics, and stirred the audience with insights into her new life, and love, in New York.

In July 2010, Steele was back in Australia supporting Richard Ashcroft (The Verve) on the Australian leg of his tour, and upon her return to New York, she announced her appointment as the Music Ambassador for the Williamsburg International Film Festival (Willifest 2010), for which a video for her song "Sorrow" was recorded.

Steele collaborated with her brother, Luke on  "Good Things" as part of a Maurice Frawley tribute album.

In late November 2011, Steele featured in a new release singing harmonies with Josh Pyke on the song, "Punch in the Heart". The video for the song sees both singers in a split-screen view performing twin one-take recordings singing to the camera.

On 13 March 2013, Steele's first single, "Fire Me Up" premiered on the Triple J radio program Home & Hosed.  "Fire Me Up" was also available through Bandcamp, where the track could be downloaded for free.

Steele released her debut studio album, Human, on 21 October 2016. The album reached No. 23 on the Australian album charts and Steele undertook a thirteen-date national tour in February to March 2017 in support of the album's release.

On 29 September 2022, Steele released her first single since 2013, titled "Feel So Bad".

On 31 march 2023, Steele released "Come and See Me" from her forthcoming album, Big Star.

Personal life
In December 2017 Steele married Scottish musician, Graham McLuskie, and in April 2018 she had a daughter, Iona.

Discography

Studio albums

Awards and nominations

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The West Australian Music Industry Awards (WAMIs) are annual awards presented to the local contemporary music industry, put on annually by the Western Australian Music Industry Association Inc (WAM). Katy Steele won three awards.

 (wins only)
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| 2003
| Katy Steele
| Most Popular Local Original Female Vocalist
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| 2005
| Katy Steele
| Best Female Vocalist
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| 2006
| Katy Steele
| Best Female Vocalist
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|}

References

Living people
1983 births
Australian women songwriters
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia
Australian people of Māori descent
Australian people of Russian descent
Australian multi-instrumentalists
People educated at Mount Lawley Senior High School
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian women singers
Australian twins


Lac du Mont d'Orge (or Lac de Montorge) is a small lake above Sion, Valais, Switzerland.

External links
Montorge
1930, la glace empilée

Mont d'Orge


Madhesi Janadhikar Forum (translates to Madhesi People's Rights Forum) may refer to:
 Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik)
 Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal


Israel Delgado Andrés (born 22 January 1979 in Madrid) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a left back.

External links

Celta de Vigo biography

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Madrid
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
RSD Alcalá players
CD Guadalajara (Spain) footballers
RC Celta Fortuna players
RC Celta de Vigo players
Córdoba CF players
Lorca Deportiva CF footballers
Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa players
CD Toledo players
UE Cornellà players


These are the official results of the Women's Javelin Throw event at the 1987 World Championships in Rome, Italy. There were a total of 31 participating athletes, with the final held on Sunday September 6, 1987. All results were made with a rough surfaced javelin (old design).

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification
 Held on Saturday 1987-09-05

Final

See also
 1982 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Athens)
 1984 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Stuttgart)
 1988 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Seoul)
 1990 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Split)
 1992 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Barcelona)

References
 Results

J
Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships
1987 in women's athletics


Champdivers () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Latvia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Wolves of the Sea" written by Jonas Liberg, Torbjörn Wassenius, Johan Sahlen and Claes Andreasson. The song was performed by the group Pirates of the Sea. The Latvian broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija (LTV) organised the national final Eirodziesma 2008 in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia. Twenty songs were selected to compete in the national final, which consisted of three shows: two semi-finals and a final. In the semi-finals on 2 and 9 February 2008, five entries were selected to advance from each show: three entries selected based on a public televote and two entries selected by an eight-member jury panel. Ten songs ultimately qualified to compete in the final on 1 March 2008 where two rounds of public voting selected "Wolves of the Sea" performed by Pirates of the Sea as the winner.

Latvia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 22 May 2008. Performing during the show in position 10, "Wolves of the Sea" was announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 24 May. It was later revealed that Latvia placed sixth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 86 points. In the final, Latvia performed in position 14 and placed twelfth out of the 25 participating countries, scoring 83 points.

Background

Prior to the 2008 contest, Latvia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest eight times since its first entry in 2000. Latvia won the contest once in 2002 with the song "I Wanna" performed by Marie N. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004, Latvia was able to qualify to compete in the final between 2005 and 2007 including with their 2007 entry "Questa notte" performed by Bonaparti.lv.

The Latvian national broadcaster, Latvijas Televīzija (LTV), broadcasts the event within Latvia and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. LTV confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest on 23 May 2007. Latvia has selected their entries for the Eurovision Song Contest through a national final. Since their debut in 2000, LTV had organised the selection show Eirodziesma. On 2 October 2007, the broadcaster announced that they would organise Eirodziesma 2008 in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2008 contest.

Before Eurovision

Eirodziesma 2008
Eirodziesma 2008 was the ninth edition of Eirodziesma, the music competition that selects Latvia's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest. The competition commenced on 2 February 2008 and concluded with a final on 1 March 2008. All shows in the competition were hosted by Uģis Joksts and Kristīne Virsnīte and broadcast on LTV1 as well as online via the website apollo.lv.

Format
The format of the competition consisted of three shows: two semi-finals and a final. The two semi-finals, held on 2 and 9 February 2008, each featured ten competing entries from which five advanced to the final from each show. The final, held on 1 March 2008, selected the Latvian entry for Belgrade from the remaining ten entries over two rounds of voting: the first round selected the top three songs and the second round (superfinal) selected the winner. Results during the semi-final shows were determined by a jury panel and votes from the public. The songs first faced a public vote where the top three entries qualified. The jury then selected an additional two qualifiers from the remaining entries to proceed in the competition. In the final, a public vote exclusively determined which entry would be the winner. Viewers were able to vote via telephone or SMS.

Competing entries
Artists and songwriters were able to submit their entries to the broadcaster between 2 October 2007 and 19 November 2007. 88 entries were submitted at the conclusion of the submission period. A jury panel appointed by LTV evaluated the submitted songs and selected twenty entries for the competition. The jury panel consisted of Sopho Khalvashi (2007 Georgian Eurovision entrant), 4Fun (2007 Lithuanian Eurovision entrant), Christer Björkman (Head of Delegation for Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest and supervisor of Melodifestivalen), Adam Klein (British music manager), Bonaparti.lv (2007 Latvian Eurovision entrant) and Kaspars Zavileiskis (music expert and editor at FHM). The twenty competing artists and songs were announced during a press conference on 11 December 2007. Among the artists were Andris Ērglis and Roberto Meloni (member of Pirates of the Sea) who both represented Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 as part of Bonaparti.lv. It was later revealed that "Wolves of the Sea" had originally been written in Swedish for the 2007 edition of Melodifestivalen, titled "Här mellan himmel och jord" and to be performed by the group Drängarna; however the song was subsequently translated to English for Eirodziesma after being rejected from the former competition.

Shows

Semi-finals
The two semi-finals took place on 2 and 9 February 2008. The live portion of the show was held at the LTV studios in Riga where the artists awaited the results while their performances, which were filmed earlier at the Club Essential in Riga on 21 and 23 January 2008, were screened. In each semi-final ten acts competed and five entries qualified to the final. The competing entries first faced a public vote where the top three songs advanced; an additional two qualifiers were then selected from the remaining seven entries by the jury. The jury panel that voted in the semi-finals consisted of Ance Krauze (singer and vocal teacher), Intars Busulis (singer, trombonist and radio host), Māris Žigats (musician and DJ at Radio SWH), Aivars Hermanis (composer, arranger and producer), Gatis Gaujenieks (producer), Daina Markova (musicologist and content editor at LTV), Ilze Vītoliņa (costume designer) and members of the LTV working group.

Final
The final took place at the Olympic Center in Ventspils on 1 March 2008. The ten entries that qualified from the preceding two semi-finals competed and the winner was selected over two rounds of public televoting. In the first round, the top three songs advanced to the second round, the superfinal. In the superfinal, "Wolves of the Sea" performed by Pirates of the Sea was declared the winner. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, guest performers included 2007 Latvian Eurovision entrant Bonaparti.lv, 2008 Azerbaijani Eurovision entrant Elnur and Samir, 2008 Czech Eurovision entrant Tereza Kerndlová, 2008 Lithuanian Eurovision entrant Jeronimas Milius and 2008 Maltese Eurovision entrant Morena.

At Eurovision
It was announced in September 2007 that the competition's format would be expanded to two semi-finals in 2008. According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 28 January 2008, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Latvia was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 22 May 2008. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 17 March 2008 and Latvia was set to perform in position 10, following the entry from Belarus and before the entry from Croatia.

The two semi-finals and the final were broadcast in Latvia on LTV1 with all shows featuring commentary by Kārlis Streips. The Latvian spokesperson, who announced the Latvian votes during the final, was Kristīne Virsnīte.

Semi-final

Pirates of the Sea took part in technical rehearsals on 14 and 17 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 21 and 22 May. The Latvian performance featured the members of Pirates of the Sea wearing pirate outfits and joined on stage by three backing vocalists. Several props were used for the performance which included antique weapons and swords, skull and cross bones flags, a telescope that created a small display effect showing what was seen on the top right side of the screen when used by one of the performers, and a ship steering wheel. The LED screens displayed large sharks swimming around. The backing vocalists that joined Pirates of the Sea were: Liene Candy, Oskars Zaļkalniņš and Zane Biķe-Slišāne.

At the end of the show, Latvia was announced as having finished in the top 10 and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Latvia placed sixth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 86 points.

Final
Shortly after the second semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine the running order of the final. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Latvia was drawn to perform in position 14, following the entry from Portugal and before the entry from Sweden.

Pirates of the Sea once again took part in dress rehearsals on 23 and 24 May before the final. The group performed a repeat of their semi-final performance during the final on 24 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Latvia finished in twelfth place with 83 points.

Voting
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Latvia and awarded by Latvia in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Lithuania in the semi-final and to Russia in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to Latvia

Points awarded by Latvia

After Eurovision
Following the contest, "Wolves of the Sea" went on to have minor success in European music charts, peaking at number 40 in Denmark's Hitlisten. The song was subsequently covered by Scottish folk metal band Alestorm and included on their 2009 album Black Sails at Midnight, and in Afrikaans by South African singer Willem Botha as "Hi Hi Ho", which has also been used as a chant by fans of the South Africa national rugby union team, the Springboks, during team matches.

References

2008
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
Eurovision


Champrougier () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Champvans () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. It was discovered 15 years ago, and it is saliently expressed in post-mitotic central nervous system neurons (CNS).

The molecule belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase family. Kinases are enzymes that catalyze reactions of phosphorylation. This process allows the substrate to gain a phosphate group donated by an organic compound known as ATP.  Phosphorylations are of vital importance during glycolysis, therefore, making kinases an essential part of the cell due to their role in the metabolism, cell signaling, and many other processes.

Structure
Cdk5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase, which was first identified as a CDK family member due to its similar structure to CDC2/CDK1 in humans, a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the cell cycle.

The gene Cdk5 contains 12 exons in a region that contains around 5000 nucleotides (5kb), as it was determined by Ohshima after cloning the Cdk5 gene that belonged to a mouse.

Cdk5 has 292 amino acids and presents both α-helix and β strand structures.

Even though Cdk5 has a similar structure to other cyclin-dependent kinases, its activators are highly specific (CDK5R1 and CDK5R2).

Some investigations have reported that the active states of protein kinases structurally differ from each other in order to preserve the geometry of its machinery so that catalytic output works properly. The Cdk5 kinase has an original design as well.

Cdk5 belongs to the eukaryotic protein kinases (ePKs). A crystal structure of the catalytic domain of cAMP-dependent protein kinase showed that it holds 2 lobes;  on the one hand, it has a small lobe, an N-terminal arranged as an antiparallel β-sheet structure. Furthermore, it contains nucleotide motifs as a way to orient the nucleotide for phospho-transfer. On the other hand, the large lobe, a C-terminal, is helical shaped, which helps to identify the substrate and includes crucial residues for the phospho-transfer.

Physiological role

Pain

Recently Cdk5 has emerged as an essential kinase in sensory pathways. Recent reports by Pareek et al. suggest its necessity in pain signaling. CDK5 is required for proper development of the brain, and to be activated, it must associate with  CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. Unlike other cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK5 does not also require phosphorylation on the T loop. Therefore, binding with the activator is sufficient to activate the kinase.

Neurons

Cdk5 is abundant and mainly expressed in neurons, where it phosphorylates protein polymers with a high molecular weight called neurofilaments, and microtubule-associated protein tau, which are abundant in the CNS (Central Nervous System). The enzyme is involved in many aspects of neuronal development and functions.

The main role of Cdk5 when it comes to neurons is to assure proper neuronal migration. Neurons will send out both dendrites and axons to form connections with other neurons in order to transmit information, and Cdk5 regulates this process. In order to perform, Cdk5 needs to be activated by p35 (these 3 amino acids, Asp-259, Asn-266, and Ser-270, are involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds with Cdk5) or p39 (the isoform of p35), which are two of its neuron-specific regulatory subunits. This means that the level of expression of p35 and p39 is going to be related to the activity of the enzyme. If there is a high activity of Cdk5 during brain development, its activators will have a high expression. As a matter of fact, when studies were conducted on mice without p35 and p39, the results were the same as the ones observed on mice without Cdk5: there were clear disruptions of the laminar structures in the cerebral cortex, the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. These areas' proper development and functionality depend on Cdk5, which relies on the correct expression of p35 and p39. Also, Cdk5 collaborates with Reelin signaling in order to assure the proper neuronal migration in the developing brain.

Cdk5 is not only implicated in neuronal migration. The enzyme will also help manage neurite extension, synapse formation, and synaptic transmission. It is also worth noting that Cdk5 also regulates the process of apoptosis, which is necessary in order to assure that the neural connections that are formed are correct. Moreover, due to the fact that Cdk5 also intervenes in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, it is implicated in the processes of learning and memory formation, as well as the creation of drug addiction.

On top of that, Cdk5 modulates actin-cytoskeleton dynamics by phosphorylating Pak1 and filamin 1 and regulates the microtubules by also phosphorylating tau, MAP1B, doublecortin, Nudel, and CRMPs, which are all microtubule-associated proteins. A non-proper expression of Cdk5 will generate defects in these substrates that can lead to multiple illnesses. For example, a defect on filamin 1 in humans provokes periventricular heterotopia; and a defect on Lis1 and doublecortin will cause lissencephaly type 1. As a matter of fact, four members of a consanguineous Israeli Muslim family that suffered from lissencephaly-7 with cerebellar hypoplasia had a splice site mutation in the Cdk5 gene.

Drug abuse

Cdk5 has been proven to be directly linked with drug abuse. We know that drugs act in the reward system, reaching their action by disturbing the intracellular signal transduction pathways. Cdk5 is involved in those neuro signals. Addiction to drugs is a clear consequence of a neuronal-dependent experience and behavioural plasticity. When the consumption of drugs becomes a repetitive habit, it modifies several components of dopamine signalling, changes in gene expression, and changes in the neuronal circuitry of dopaminoceptive neurons.

Taking the example of cocaine, the effects of it are caused by CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding), which leads to a transient burst in immediate-early gene expression in the striatum, and also from ΔFosB (which accumulates and persists in striatal neurons when the consumption of the drug is regular). Many studies have revealed that the overexpression of ΔFosB due to drug abuse is the cause of an upregulation of Cdk5 (because it is downstream of ΔFosB in the striatum, including the nucleus accumbens).

Let’s now see the role of Cdk5 in all this. It has been discovered that with exposure to drugs such as cocaine and with the excessive presence of ΔFosB, the amount of Cdk5 increases. This is due to those 2 factors upregulating p35 which activates the production of the Cdk5 protein.

It has also been demonstrated that this enzyme has an important place in dopamine neurotransmission regulation. Indeed, Cdk5 can modify the dopamine system by phosphorylating DARPP-32. We know that the nucleus accumbens is related to drug addictions. As a consequence of the increasing quantity of Cdk5, there is also a rise in the number of dendritic branch points and spines, both the medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens and pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. Hence, its relation to drug abuse and more specifically to the reward system, which is triggered by the consumption of drugs.

Further analysing the relationship between Cdk5 proportion and drug effects, it has been shown that there are significant differences depending on the dose and the frequency of the consumption of the drug. For instance, if the frequency of the cocaine dose is spread over time or concentrated in a single and long time, the cocaine effects will be present even though the production of Cdk5 in the nucleus accumbens, in the ventral tegmental area, and prefrontal cortex will not increase. However, when it comes to frequent doses significantly close in time, the effects of cocaine aren’t displayed despite the enhanced proportion of Cdk5. Those differences can be explained by the fact that Cdk5 is a transitional state to overexposure to drugs like cocaine.

All this information should now be focused on finding a therapeutic use for Cdk5, which can reduce the feeling of reward when we use drugs regularly. First of all, it has been proved that the Cdk5 antagonist, after a long time of using it, works as an inhibitor of the growth of spiny dendrites in the nucleus accumbens neurons. This way, we could treat addictions. Secondly, it could be used as a way to diagnose drug abuse if we decide to monitor the amount of Cdk5 in the patient. This is possible because Cdk5 is only produced as a reward for using drugs but not as a mediator or natural reward.

Pancreas

Even though the main role of Cdk5 is related to neuronal migration, its impact on the human body isn’t limited to the nervous system. Indeed, Cdk5 plays an important part in the control of insulin secretion in the pancreas.

Actually, this enzyme has been found in pancreatic β cells and has been proven to reduce insulin exocytosis by phosphorylating L-VDCC (L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel).

Immune system

During T-cell activation, Cdk5 phosphorylates coronin 1a, a protein that contributes to the process of phagocytosis and regulates actin polarization. Therefore, this kinase promotes T-cell survival and motility.

Cdk5 also takes part in the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), a cytokine involved in cell signaling, by T-cells. To do so, it disrupts the repression of interleukin 2 transcription by the Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through mSin3a protein phosphorylation. This reduces the ability of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to bind to the IL-2 promoter, which leads to an increased interleukin 2 production.

Regulation of exocytosis

Synaptic vesicle exocytosis is also regulated by CdK5, with the phosphorylation of the munc-18-a protein, which is indispensable for secretion, as it has a great affinity with a derivative of SNAP receptor (SNARE protein). This phosphorylation was demonstrated with the simulation of secretion from neuroendocrine cells, since the Cdk5 activity increased. When Cdk5 was removed, the norepinephrine secretion decreased.

Memory

Thanks to an experiment with mice, a relation between memory and Cdk5 was demonstrated. On one hand, mice did not show fear integrated by a previous activity when Cdk5 was inactivated. On the other hand, when the enzyme activity was increased in the hippocampus -where memories are stored- the fear reappeared.

Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton in the brain

During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is essential for brain development as it is crucial for the regulation of the cytoskeleton that in turn is important for remodelling in the brain. Several neuronal processes: pain signalling, drug addiction, behavioural changes, the formation of memories and learning, related to the development of the brain, derive from rapid modifications in cytoskeleton. A negative remodelling of neuronal cytoskeleton will be associated with a loss of synapses and neurodegeneration in brain diseases, where the Cdk5 activity is deregulated. Therefore, most part of Cdk5 substrates are related to the actin skeleton; both, the physiological and the pathological ones. Some of them have been identified in the recent decades: ephexin1, p27, Mst3, CaMKv, kalirin-7, RasGRF2, Pak1, WAVE1, neurabin-1, TrkB, 5-HT6R, talin, drebrin, synapsin I, synapsin III, CRMP1, GKAP, SPAR, PSD-95, and LRRK2.

Circadian clock regulation

The mammalian circadian clock is controlled by Cdk5 with the phosphorylation of PER2. In the laboratory, Cdk5 was blocked in the SCN (suprachiasmatic nuclei, a master oscillator of the circadian system), consequently the free-running period in mice was reduced. During the diurnal period, the PER2 (at serine residue 394) was phosphorylated by the Cdk5, thus, the Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) could easily interact with it and the PER2-CRY1 complex went into the nucleus. The molecular circadian cycle and period are properly established thanks to the task of the Cdk5 as a nuclear driver of these proteins.

Regulator of cell apoptosis and cell survival

In addition to all the roles previously mentioned, the Cdk5 is involved in numerous cellular functions such as cell mobility survival, apoptosis, and gene regulation.

The plasma membrane, cytosol and perinuclear region are the locations where Cdk5/p35 activators are found. Nevertheless, Cdk5 can also be activated by cyclin I, this regulator causes an increase in the expression of BCl-2 family proteins, which are associated with anti-apoptotic functions.

Role in disease
The chemical explanation of a wide variety of neurological disorders lead to the Cdk5; the abnormal phosphorylation of tau is a pathological action carried out by this kinase and the neurofibrillary tangles are the consequences.

Neurodegenerative diseases

Cdk5 plays an essential role in the central nervous system. During the process of embryogenesis, this kinase is necessary for the development of the brain; and in adult brains, Cdk5 is needed for many neuronal processes; for instance, learning and the formation of memories. Nevertheless, if Cdk5 activity is deregulated, it can lead to really severe neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson, Multiple sclerosis and Huntington’s disease.

 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is responsible for 50-70% of all dementia cases. There have been some studies which have shown that an excess in the activity of Cdk5, a proline-directed protein kinase, leads to tau hyperphosphorylation, a process that is observed in many AD patients. Cdk5 activators, p35 and p39 (both of them are myristoylated proteins that are anchored to cell membranes), can be cleaved by calcium-activated calpain to p25 and p29. This will result in a migration of the proteins from the cell membrane to both nuclear and perinuclear regions, and in a deregulation of Cdk5 activity. p25 and p29 have half-lives that are 5 to 10 times longer to the ones that p35 and p39 have. This is incredibly problematic due to the fact that it can lead to the accumulation of Cdk5 activators and an excess of Cdk5 activity, which then causes tau hyperphosphorylation. On top of that, an increase in Aβ levels can also lead to tau hyperphosphorylation by stimulating the production of p25. Therefore, Cdk5 could be a potential drug target in order to treat patients with AD because its inhibition could reduce tau hyperphosphorylation, and consequently, reduce the formation of NFTs (neurofibrillary tangles) and slow down the process of neurodegeneration.

 Huntington’s disease (HD) is another neurodegenerative disease that is somewhat linked to the activity of Cdk5. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an essential element in mitochondrial fission. Cdk5 can alter the subcellular distribution of Drp1 and its activity. As a matter of fact, it has been observed that the inhibition of the overly-active kinase allows the Drp1 to function properly in mitochondrial fragmentation in order to avoid neurotoxicity in the brain. On top of that, Cdk5 can have an influence on the alteration of the mitochondrial morphology or its transmembrane potential, which can lead to cell death and neurodegeneration. This means that Cdk5 is a possible therapeutic target to treat the mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to the development of HD.

 Parkinson disease (PD): Cdk5 is considered to be tightly involved in Parkinson’s disease. This neurodegenerative disease is caused by progressive loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra, among others. Cdk5 is able to form a complex with p25 (cleavage peptide of p35): Cdk5/p25. P25 will lead to the hyperactivity of Cdk5. The result of the formation of this complex is the apoptosis of nerve cells and neuroinflammation. This discovery could be used to treat Parkinson’s disease. In order to inhibit the Cdk5/p25 complex, we could use an antagonist of Cdk5: CIP. The results of this treatment have been surprisingly positive. Indeed, we can notice not only that the Parkinson symptoms were appeased, but also that the CIP turned out to protect the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra.

Multiple sclerosis (MS): is one of the diseases, in which a failure of remyelination can provoke lasting axonal damage and an irreversible loss of function. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is involved in the process as it regulates the oligodendrocyte (OL9 development and myelination in CNS). Cdk5 inhibitors impede the remyelination and disrupt the neural cells activity. The low expression of MBP and proteolipid protein and the decrease in the number of myelinated axons indicate the lack of myelin repair.

Cancer
Cdk5 is involved in invasive cancers, apparently by reducing the activity of the actin regulatory protein caldesmon.

Although Cdk5 is not mutated in cancer tissues, its activity and expression are deregulated. The kinase phosphorylates tumor suppressors and transcription factors, which are involved in cell cycle progression. Cdk5 is involved in tumor proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and also chemotherapy resistance and anti-tumor immunity. It also participates in signalling pathways that lead to metastasis, and it regulates the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions.

A possible cancer treatment could consist in targeting Cdk5 and avoiding its binding to its activators and substrates.

In recent studies, about radiation therapy in patients with large cell lung cancer, it has been found that CDK5 depletion diminishes lung cancer development and radiation resistance in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that a decrease in Cdk5 reduced the expression of TAZ, a component of the Hypothalamus pathway. As a result, this loss mitigates the signal activation from the Hypothalamus. Consequently, Cdk5 can be treated as a target to fight lung cancer.

History
CDK5 was originally named NCLK (Neuronal CDC2-Like Kinase) due to its similar phosphorylation motif. CDK5 in combination with an activator was also referred to as Tau Protein Kinase II. Furthermore, Cdk5 has been reported to be involved in T cell activation and play an important role in development of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.

Interactive pathway map

Interactions

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 has been shown to interact with different molecules and substrates:

 It interacts with LMTK2, NDEL1, CDK5R1, Nestin and PAK1.
 The gene CABLES1 codes for a cyclin-dependent kinase binding protein, whose complete name is Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 1. This binding protein links Cdk5 and c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase. Active c-Abl phosphorylates CDK5 on tyrosine 15, a process enhanced by CABLES1 protein. As a result, Cdk5/p35 activity in developing neurons increases. CABLES1 and the mentioned phosphorylation may play an important role in axon growth regulation.
 The gene called CABLES2 codes for another binding protein, Cdk5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2. Although its function is unknown, it may be involved in the G1-S cell cycle transition, a stage between cell growth and DNA replication.
 Moreover, Cdk5 phosphorylates Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATK). This protein probably induces growth arrest and myeloid precursor cells apoptosis, and also activates CdkR1.
 Glutathione S-transferase P enzyme, encoded by the GSTP1 gene, causes a negative regulation, or reduction, of Cdk5 activity. This is achieved via p25/p35 translocation in order to prevent neurodegeneration.
 Cdk5 binds to the protein Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). When Cdk5/p25 derregulates HDAC1, abnormal cell-cycle activity appears and double-strand DNA breaks, causing neurotoxicity.
 Cdk5 cytoplasmic distribution is determined by activators p35 and p39. Both activators have localization motifs, which lead to the presence of Cdk5 in the plasma membrane and in the perinuclear region. p35 and p39 myristoylation allows Cdk5 to associate with membranes.
 Cdk5 also interacts with APEX1 endonuclease. The kinase phosphorylates Thr-233, causing an accumulation of DNA damage and, eventually, neuronal death.
 Cdk5 phosphorylates and regulates the tumor suppressor protein p53. In apoptotic PC12 cells there is a simultaneous increase in Cdk5 and p53 levels, so it is thought that the mechanism by which Cdk5 induces apoptosis could be caused by phosphorylation and activation of p53.
 Once Cdk5 is phosphorylated by a protein called EPH receptor A4, it phosphorylates Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (NGEF) regulating RhoA and dendritic spine morphogenesis.
 Cdk5 also phosphorylates Focal adhesion kinase (FAK). This may stimulate nuclear translocation, which plays an important role in neuronal migration, by regulating a centrosome-associated microtubule structure.
 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (HTR6), which is believed to control cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain, manages pyramidal neuron migration during corticogenesis. In order to do so, HTR6 regulates Cdk5 activity.
 Cdk5 interacts with CTNNB1 and CTNND2 as well.

References

Further reading

External links

Cell cycle
Proteins
EC 2.7.11


Chancia () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Chapelle-Voland () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Chapois () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Charchilla () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Charcier () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)
Jura communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Charency () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Charézier () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Red Victor 2 is a 1972 Vauxhall Victor owned by British mechanic Andy Frost. Frost purchased the car in 1981 and began customizing it as a hobby; it was once believed to be the fastest street legal car in the world, and now boasts over 2,300 hp. But since it is not a production car, it is not officially considered to hold the record.

The car was previously named the Red Victor One.

Statistics

Engine
The car was purchased with an original 104 horsepower, 2000cc four cylinder motor.  Following a number of engine iterations, the car is now powered by a 572ci Twin Turbo Chevrolet V8.

Specs as follows:

Dart big M block
Lunati pro series 4340 forged crank
Oliver billet steel rods
Diamond turbo pistons
Speed pro "Hellfire" rings
Aviaid 4 stage dry sump pump
Modified Aviaid oil pan
Altiss engineering custom oil pump drive, oil tank and breather can
Jesel cam belt drive
Don Bailey designed Comp Cams custom turbo roller cam
Comp Cams H/D roller lifters
Manton 210deg 7/16" ex pushrods,Comp cams 7/16" intake
Cometic multi layer steel head gaskets
ARP heads studs
Dart Pro1 355 CNC heads with Ferrea stainless intake and super alloy exhaust valves modified by RFD developments
Edelbrock 454R intake manifold modified by Altiss for 2 x 1500cc Ford motorsport injectors per cylinder
Manley valve springs
T+D 1.75 shaft rockers
Ali rocker covers modded by Altiss
Custom 321 stainless headers by Altiss c/w2 x Turbosmart pro wastegates
Burns 321 stainless merge collectors and Custom 321 stainless 4.5" exhaust system
Turbonetics "Godzilla" BOV
Billet 2200cfm throttle body
Custom throttle body hat CNC'd by Taylor machine and finished by Altiss
2 x ARE cooling 12"x7"x 13""" Air to water cores,c/w 8 gallon water tank. Tanks fabricated by Altiss

Turbos
2 x Holset 88mm custom hybrid turbos spec'd by Holset with inconel exhaust wheels

Miscellaneous
The vehicle runs on Shell v-power pump fuel with Power Pour additive.
It uses a Ford 9 inch rear end connected to a custom 2 speed transmission built by Andy Frost and Penn Autos.
Front brakes are 290mm vented discs, with custom four pot calipers. On the rear, 260mm vented discs with custom pads. All built by Hi-Spec.

Figures and Records
 Speed records:

0-60 mph =0.9secs
0-150 mph = 5.0secs
0-189 mph = 7.6secs
Standing 1/4 = 7.41 & 197 mph at this time.
top speed = 223 mph, and no bodywork came off. This was done at Bruntingthorpe in Sept 2008. That speed attained in a slow 19 seconds due to excessive wheelspin and coming out of the throttle.

Street Eliminator speed record holder 190.4 mph.

World pump gas ET and speed record holder on MT 315 radials 7.67 at 190.4 mph.

King of Europe winner 2009. King of Europe speed and ET record holder 7.81 at 188 mph.

UK Castrol challenge winner in 2006 and 2007.

The Future
Andy Frost built the successor to RedVictor2, an evolution of the original car, RedVictor3 is being built to campaign in Pro Modified in the European FIA Championship, whilst still maintaining the street legal status that forms the core ethos of the racing team. The build of the updated car is being covered here RedVictor3 build diary

Red Victor 3
In mid-2011 performance specs for the still in production  RedVictor3 were released by VXR. It uses an 8.8L Twin Turbo engine producing 3000 hp at the rear-wheel. Red Victor 3 will still be street legal, and use pump-gas on the street. Thus it will be quicker than Larry Larson's '66 Nova, which recently trumped Red Victor 1 as the fastest street legal vehicle.
It was the world's quickest and fastest street legal car in the 1/4 mile as of June 2012, with a 6.59 @ 220 mph elapsed time.

A car built by Jeff Lutz called Mad Max, is as of 2016, the fastest street legal in the world with a time of 5.85 @250 mph.

Notes and references

External Reading
BBC Feature on Red Victor 2
Official Red Victor Website

Individual cars


Charnod () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Killer Net is a British television crime drama mini series, first broadcast on Channel 4 in May 1998. The drama was written and produced by Lynda La Plante, directed by Geoffrey Sax and featured a cast of up and coming actors. One of the main selling points of the series was that it starred Jason Orange of Take That, but it was also one of the introductions to the small screen of Paul Bettany.

Plot
The series is set around the lives of three students living in Brighton, whose contribution to an internet-based computer game leads them right into the heart of an investigation into a serial killer.

Cast
 Tam Williams as Scott Miller
 Paul Bettany as Joe Hunter
 Emily Woof as Suzie Scott
 Zoe Lucker as Carol Butler
 Jason Orange as Brent Moyer
 Sara Stephens as Tracy Wilson
 Kathy Brolly as Charlotte 'Charlie' Thorpe
 Mark Tandy as Robin Butler-Cooke
 Simon Meacock as Tony 'Scruffy' O'Reilly
 Christopher Neame as DCI Collingwood
 Richard McCabe as DI George Colby
 Stephen Boxer as DS Hawkes
 Raquel Cassidy as WPC Pamela Boxer
 Mark Barton Hill as Jamie
 Mark Denham as Jarvis

Production

Locations
Location filming for Killer Net was completed throughout the late summer of 1997. Many scenes were filmed in Brighton, East Sussex. Scenes set on the actual game "Killer Net" were all filmed in Islington, in and around the Camden Passage antique area. The university that the students attend is not Brighton University, but it is in fact the University of Surrey in Guildford.

Up until the end of the 1990s, Eastern Terrace in Kemp Town, Brighton was used as student lodgings. and number eight was used as the property where the students live. It has since been converted back into accommodation and is one of the most expensive properties in Brighton.

The club featured in the programme is The Zap club in the Kings Road Arches, Brighton. The Casino is actually the Holiday Inn opposite the West Pier on Kings Road and later doubles as the block of flats in which Brent Moyer (Jason Orange) lives. The road in which the police question Scott about his car is Princess Street, Brighton, outside the Marlborough Pub. There are various invaluable scenes filmed inside the West Pier pavilion. The Palace Pier has many scenes filmed on it. When the students go out celebrating after winning the game, the MG is pictured turning from Marine Parade into the Old Steine. The opening shot from Scott's window is a view down Marine Parade and shows the forecourt of the Bristol Bar in Paston Place.

Episodes

References

External links

Sing-Along-A-Killer-Net
Official Site on Internet Archive

1998 British television series debuts
1998 British television series endings
1990s British drama television series
Channel 4 television dramas
1990s British crime television series
1990s British television miniseries
British thriller television series
English-language television shows
Films directed by Geoffrey Sax
Television shows set in Brighton


Lide can refer to:

 -lide, a chemistry suffix indicating an sp-hybridized carbanion ionically linked to a metal
 Saint Lide, a legendary bishop

People
 Alice Alison Lide
 Lide Meriwether


Chassal () is a former commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Chassal-Molinges.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Former communes of Jura (department)
Jura communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Farringdon Halt was an intermediate station  on the Meon Valley line which ran from Alton to Fareham, England during the 20th century. A goods yard for loading agricultural produce was already sited there, and in 1930 a short wooden platform of one coach-length was built to serve the village. It opened on 1 May 1931, and from 1 May 1932 until 8 July 1934 was named Faringdon Platform, before reverting to the original name of Farringdon Halt.

Closure

The passenger service ceased on 7 February 1955. A particularly difficult line to construct the sidings were used intermittently for goods traffic until 13 August 1968 after which the track was lifted.

The site today
The site is now a small business/light industrial park. Coincidentally the access road to the modern site is along the former railway trackbed from the A32.

Route

See also

 List of closed railway stations in Britain

References

External links
  Details of route

Disused railway stations in Hampshire
Former Southern Railway (UK) stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1955


Château-des-Prés () is a former commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Grande-Rivière Château.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Former communes of Jura (department)


Chatelay () is a commune in the Jura department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Ondenc is a white French wine grape found predominantly in the Gaillac region of southwest France. In the 19th century, it was a popular planting in Bordeaux but fell out of favor following the phylloxera epidemic due to poor yields and sensitivity to grape disease, though is still one of the seven white varieties permitted in Bordeaux. Prior to falling out of favor, vine cuttings were brought from Bordeaux to Australia where the grapes became known under the synonyms of Irvine's White in Victoria and Sercial in South Australia. The Australian grapes weren't identified as Ondenc till 1976 when French ampelographer Paul Truel identified the vine while visiting Australia. Today, the grape is nearly extinct in Australia except for a small amount of plantings in Victoria used in sparkling wine production.

History
The grape is believed to have originated in southwestern France and at its peak production it was grown as far north as the Côtes-de-Blaye region and as far south as the foothills of the Pyrenees. In the early 19th century, Ondenc vines were taken to the Cognac region where the grape was known as Blanc Sélection Carrière. From Cognac, cuttings spread to California and Portugal. Ondenc cuttings, known as Blanc Select, were also among the grape varieties that James Busby brought to Australia in 1832. At the turn of the 20th century, plantings of Ondenc declined worldwide and in France it was soon limited to the Gaillac region and the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) regions of Bergerac, Côtes de Duras and Montravel.

Wine
The Ondenc grape can produce a highly perfumed, full-bodied wine. It is also high in acidity which lends itself well to the production of sparkling wine.

Synonyms
Synonyms of Ondenc include Austenq, Béquin, Bergeracois, Blanc de Gaillac, Blanc Select, Blanc Selection Carrière, Blanquette, Blanquette Sucrée, Chaloche, Chalosse, Cu de Brecherou, Doudant Blanc, Doundent, Dourec, Dourech, Fronsadais, Gaillac, Irvine's White, Mauzac, Œil de Tour, Ondain, Ondainc, Ondent, Ondin, Oundenc, Oundenq, Oustenc, Oustenq, Oustenque, Piquepout de Moissac, Plant de Gaillac, Prendiou, Prentiou, Primai, Primaic, Primard, Printiou, Riverain, Sable Blanc, Semis Blanc, Sencit Blanc, Sensit Blanc, and Sercial.

References

White wine grape varieties


Châtel-de-Joux () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


KDSS (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Ely, Nevada.  The station is owned by Coates Broadcasting, Inc.  It airs a country music format.

The station was assigned the KDSS call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 8, 1992.

Programming
In addition to its usual music format, programming on KDSS includes Takin’ it Outside, a short program about "living and playing in the Southwestern Outdoors" hosted by Doug Nielsen.

Ownership
On November 30, 2007, Patrick Dennis Coates died at the age of 67.  A resident of Ely since 1996, Coates and his wife, Samantha J. Coates, jointly owned 100 percent of privately held Coates Broadcasting, Inc.  Samantha Coates died on September 1, 2009, at the age of 72. Ownership of the station and Coates Broadcasting, Inc. has since passed to Karen Livingston, daughter of Patrick and Samantha Coates.

References

External links
KDSS 92.7 Jack FM Facebook

 KDSS station website

DSS
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1989


These are the official results of the Women's Javelin Throw event at the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total of 23 participating athletes, with the final held on Saturday August 13, 1983. The qualification mark was set at 62.00 metres. All results were made with a rough surfaced javelin (old design).

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Eastern European Time (UTC+2)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1980 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Moscow)
 1982 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Athens)
 1984 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Stuttgart)
 1988 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Seoul)

References
 Results

J
Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships
1983 in women's athletics


The Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Lewiston, Maine, also known as Ss. Peter and Paul Church, is a church which is a part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland.

History
In the mid-nineteenth century, Lewiston had an influx of Roman Catholic French Canadians who came to work in the local textile mills. Their arrival created the need for a French-speaking priest. Initially, masses were held in the basement of Saint Joseph's Church, until the number of parishioners attending the masses reached 1,000. Because of the large number of French-speaking parishioners, the masses were moved to the nave of Saint John's on July 2, 1870. By 1871, the number of parishioners had grown too large even for Saint John's. The following year, the cornerstone of Saint Peter's was laid, and the dedication mass was said in 1873. In 1881, the Dominican Fathers of Lille, France, and the Province of Quebec took over the administration of the church. In 1899, the first reference to Saint Peter and Saint Paul was made, when the Dominicans published their Album Historique, calling the parishes S. Pierre S. Paul de Lewiston, Maine. In 1902, the parish was split to create the Saint Louis church, across the river, in Auburn.

By 1905, even after the split, the church had gained almost 10,000 parishioners. The old church had to be torn down, and the basement of the new church was finished in 1906. In 1907 and 1923, the Diocese of Portland requested that the parish be split, to create the parishes of Saint Mary's in 1907, and the Holy Cross and the Holy Family in 1923. Each time the parish divided, the money it had in its building fund to complete the church was also divided, delaying the top of the church from being built. Finally, in 1933, the Diocese of Portland allowed the parish to build the top part of the church. The church was finished on July 18, 1936, and was dedicated on October 23, 1938, to the saints the church whose name it bears, Saint Peter and Saint Paul. On July 14, 1983, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places, for being the second-largest church in New England. In 1986, the Dominicans handed the administration of the church back to the Diocese of Portland. In 1991, the upper church started a renovation project that ended in 2002 with the dedication of a new altar. From 2002 to 2007, the chapel under the church was renovated and reopened, just in time for Mardi Gras, and—incidentally—Lent.

In a 2015 article in the Bangor Daily News, it was reported that the Church was one of the few remaining churches in Maine that still offered a Mass in French. It was reported in the Portland Press Herald that an influx of French-speaking Roman Catholic immigrants from central Africa have been a driving force in supporting the French-language mass.

Organs
The church has two pipe organs both made by Casavant Frères which were both dedicated in 1938; Opus 1587 (above the sanctuary) and Opus 1588 (in the gallery). Both are electro-pneumatic.

Sanctuary Organ
This organ is in center chambers at the front of the room with visible façade pipes or case front. It has 2 manuals, 3 divisions, 10 stops, 28 registers, 10 ranks, and 737 pipes. Manual compass is 61 notes. Pedal compass is 32 notes.

Gallery Organ
This organ has 4 manuals, 5 divisions, 53 stops, 62 registers, 66 ranks, and 4,622 pipes. Manual compass is 61 notes. Pedal compass is 32 notes. This organ is the largest church organ in Maine.

See also

 Diocese of Portland
 Basilicas in the United States

References

External links

 Home Page
 History of St. Peter and St. Paul
 Diocese of Portland Website
 Maine Public Brodcating Network video on the Basilica
 Slide show of images related to La Basilique Lewiston from the Maine Memory Network

Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland
Peter And Paul (Lewiston, Maine), Basilica of Saints
Peter And Paul (Lewiston, Maine), Basilica of Saints
Peter And Paul (Lewiston, Maine), Basilica of Saints
Peter And Paul (Lewiston, Maine), Basilica of Saints
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Lewiston, Maine
Churches completed in 1936
1936 establishments in Maine
Quebec diaspora


Now, That's More Like It is the second studio album by Craig G. It was released in 1991 via Atlantic Records. The album peaked at #97 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and its single "U-R-Not The 1" peaked at #16 on the Hot Rap Songs.

Track listing

Personnel
 Craig Curry - main performer, co-producer (tracks: 1, 3-11, 14-15)
 Marlon Lu'ree Williams - executive producer, producer
 Salaam Remi - co-producer (tracks: 2, 12), re-mixing (track 13)
 Frank Heller - mixing
 DJ Clash - recording
 Howie Weinberg - mastering
 Francesca Spero - executive producer
 Darren Lighty - keyboards, programming, additional vocals
 Cliff Lighty - additional vocals
 Eric Williams - additional vocals
 Glen E. Friedman - photography

Charts

References

External links

1991 albums
Craig G albums
Atlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Marley Marl
Albums produced by Salaam Remi


The Miguel Muñoz Trophy () is a football award for team managers in Spanish football, established by Spanish newspaper Marca in 2006, in memory of the legendary Real Madrid manager Miguel Muñoz.

The award is based on MARCA's subjective scoring system: in which a manager is scored out of three, each match, for his team's performances. The manager with the highest points total, in each of La Liga and the Segunda División, is declared their respective league's winner at the end of the season.

La Liga

SegundaDivisión

See also
 Pichichi Trophy
 Zamora Trophy
 Zarra Trophy
 Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano
 Don Balón Award

La Liga trophies and awards
Spanish football trophies and awards
Awards established in 2006
2006 establishments in Spain


A fund derivative is a financial structured product related to a fund, normally using the underlying fund to determine the payoff. This may be a private equity fund, mutual fund or hedge fund. Purchasers obtain exposure to the underlying fund (or funds) whilst improving their risk profile over a direct investment.

Example
For example, the purchaser may be attracted by a fund's star manager, performance history or strategy, whilst improving their counter-party risk and getting leverage, currency hedging or a capital guarantee via the derivative.

Features

The structured product may be investible by retail clients or institutional investors that would not otherwise buy the fund, because of its provision of safeguard features such as capital guarantees or the appointment of independent administrators to calculate the underlying fund's value and additional oversight mechanisms.

Types

Typical fund derivatives might be a call option on a fund, a CPPI on a fund, or a leveraged note on a fund. More complicated structures might include auto-call features guaranteeing that if the derivative reached a certain value that value was locked in, on top of an initial minimum value guarantee at issuance. Maturities might range from three to ten years, or more rarely multiple decades. The big players in this field are investment banks such as Barclays Investment Bank, BNP Paribas, TPG, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Macquarie Group, Morgan Stanley, Société Générale, UBS Investment Bank.

Fund derivatives have had explosive growth over the past 10 years but are still a major growth area. New structures are constantly being developed to suit market and client opportunities.

External links
Fund-linked Derivatives
Nomura wins Silver Award for Best Hedge-Fund Linked Certificate

Private equity
Derivatives (finance)


The interleukin-27 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor for interleukin-27. It is a heterodimer composed of  the interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit and glycoprotein 130.

IL27RA essential for transcriptional activation of STAT1 and for augmenting the induction of T-bet expression during initiation of Th1 cell differentiation.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


The Islamabad High Court is the senior court of the Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan, with appellate jurisdiction over the following district courts:

 Islamabad District Court (East)
 Islamabad District Court (West)
Justice Aamer Farooq is the current Chief Justice, having taken oath on 11 November 2022.

History
The Court was originally established on 14 August 2007 by Presidential Order of Pervez Musharraf, the military ruler at the time. The Court ceased to exist on 31 July 2009 by a decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan following Constitution Petition No. 09 and 08 of 2009.

The Court was re-established by the Islamabad High Court Act, 2010 following the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. President Asif Ali Zardari administered the oath to the first Chief Justice, Iqbal Hameed ur Rahman on 3 January 2011 at the Governor's House, Karachi.

Current composition
The Islamabad High Court is headed by a Chief Justice. The bench consists of six Justices and additional judges. The mandatory retirement age of the Chief Justice and Justices is 62 years. The Additional Judges were initially appointed for one year. After that, their services could either be extended or they could be confirmed or they were retired. The current composition of the High Court is as follows:

List of former chief justices

Registrar
Sardar Tahir Sabir, Judge is appointed as Registrar Islamabad High Court on 30th September, 2022.

See also
 Islamabad District Court
 Judiciary of Pakistan
 Islamabad Bar Council

References

External links

High Courts of Pakistan
Court system of Pakistan
Islamabad Capital Territory


Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms.

These flatworms are mainly predators of other invertebrates, which they hunt, attack and capture using physical force and the adhesive and digestive properties of their mucus. They lack water-retaining mechanisms and are therefore very sensitive to humidity variations of their environment.

Because of their strict ecological requirements, some species have been proposed as indicators of the conservation state of their habitats. They are generally animals with low vagility (dispersal ability) and with very specific habitat requirements, so they can be also used to accurately determine the distribution of biogeographic realms. Today the fauna of these animals is being studied to select conservation priorities in the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil.

At the other extreme, one species in this family, Platydemus manokwari has become an invasive species in both disturbed and wild habitats in the Pacific Islands, and has damaged the endemic land snail fauna. This species has been found in Europe (France) in 2013 for the first time, and in 2015 in New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Puerto Rico (first record in the Caribbean), and Florida, USA.

Description

Land planarians are distinguished from their marine and freshwater relatives by their terrestrial habits, as well as by morphological distinctions. Some species have dull colors, including shades of brown and grey, that make them inconspicuous in their environment, but most species are marked by very colorful patterns. At first they may be confused with slugs or leeches, but they lack the anterior tentacles of slugs and the segmentation of leeches. Their size vary greatly, from a few millimeters in length to about one meter.

The most distinguishing feature that characterizes land planarians is the presence of a creeping sole, a highly ciliated region on the ventral epidermis that helps them to creep over the substrate. The creeping sole may be wide and flat, occupying most of the ventral surface, or narrow and pronounced, being easily distinguished from the rest of the ventral surface.

Anatomy

Epidermis
The epidermis of land planarians is composed by a simple epithelium of cubic or columnar cells. The cells are ciliated only on a ventral region, called creeping sole, which the animal uses to glide over surfaces. Numerous secretory cells open throughout the epidermis, the most characteristic ones being the rhabditogen cells, which produce a secretion in the form of small rod-like structures, the rhabdites. Rhabditogen cells are very numerous on the dorsal epidermis, but rare on the ventral side.

Nervous system
The nervous system of land planarians has the longitudinal nerve cords reduced to one ventral pair that is located much deeper in the body than in other triclads. These ventral cords are usually connected by many comissures, so that they fuse into a single ventral nerve plate. Additionally, land planarians have a highly developed ventral nerve plexus just below the epidermis that is probably associated to the presence of a creeping sole.

Contrary to aquatic planarians, land planarians do not have a distinct brain, i.e., there is no clear frontal cluster of nerve cells other than the ventral nerve plate.

Diversity
The family Geoplanidae is composed of five subfamilies:
 Bipaliinae
 Geoplaninae
 Microplaninae
 Rhynchodeminae
 Timyminae

Although there are over 830 known species of Geoplanidae in the world, the diversity of land planarians is still poorly known. The highest diversity occurs in tropical forests in South America, Asia and Australia. Europe and North America are relatively species-poor, while the diversity of Africa may be as high as that of other tropical regions, but is highly understudied.

Habitat

Most species of land planarians live at the soil of forests, especially in the leaf litter layer, but some may inhabit galleries constructed by other invertebrates or be found on vegetation, such as bromeliads. Despite being sensitive to dehydration, some species are well adapted to considerably dry environments, such as savannas.

During unfavorable conditions, such as dry seasons, land planarians tend to seek shelter by burrowing in the soil or building a cyst composed of soil particles united by mucus.

Some species are well adapted to human-disturbed environments and many of those have been introduced in areas outside of their native  range. In some localities, such as the United Kingdom, the number of introduced land planarian species greatly surpass the number of described native species.

Feeding and predatory behavior

Land planarians are carnivorous and most species are active predators, but some are mainly scavengers.

All planarians feed through a muscular and eversible pharynx located slightly posteriorly to the middle of the body length and opening through a ventral mouth. The pharynx is an extensible tube-like organ bearing a complex muscular coat. It specializes as a penetration organ for those planarians that feed on arthropods; or as a grasping organ for those planarians that feed on other soft bodied invertebrates such as earthworms. All geoplanidae pharynxes are equipped with glandular secretions that externally digest and dissolve their prey.

As part of the soil ecosystem, land planarians feed mainly on other invertebrates, such as earthworms, snails, slugs, nemerteans, velvet worms, woodlice, millipedes, insects and arachnids. Some may even feed on other land planarians.

Some species of land planarians have become invasive pest species. The New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus and the Australian flatworm Australoplana sanguinea alba have been introduced in the British Isles and are considered to be pest species because they prey upon earthworms and thus may negatively affect soil structure and fertility. Another species, Platydemus manokwari, has been used as an agent of biological pest control of the introduced giant African snail Achatina fulica in Hawaii, the Maldives, Irian Jaya, and Guam, but has become an even worse pest and today threatens several native snail populations in the Pacific.

Some land planarians show hunting behaviour, using chemical signals to detect their prey. Most land planarians have chemical sensory organs in the anterior part of the body, such as sensory pits and epidermal folds which serve as chemical radars for detecting their food. The mucus trails from the slime of slugs, snails and other planarians orient planarians towards their prey. Different species use different techniques for capturing and immobilizing their prey, such as entrapment with sticky mucus and immobilization by physical force.

Cannibalism has been observed in land planarians.

Phylogeny and systematics

Until very recently, land planarians were classified as a suborder within Tricladida, named Terricola. However, recent phylogenetic studies revealed that they are actually the sister-group of Dugesiidae, a family of freshwater planarians (at that time part of the suborder Paludicola). The most recent classification puts both land and freshwater planarians within a single suborder called Continenticola, with land planarians forming a single family, Geoplanidae.

The following phylogenetic supertree after Sluys et al., 2009 presents the current classification of planarians:

In the former suborder Terricola, land planarians were separated into three families according to morphological features:
 Bipaliidae: head expanded in a spatula-like shape and multiple eyes;
 Rhynchodemidae: non-expanded head and a single pair of eyes. It included two subfamilies: Rhynchodeminae, with subepithelial longitudinal muscular fibers grouped into large bundles, and Microplaninae, with weaker subepithelial longitudinal muscular fibers not forming bundles;
 Geoplanidae: non-expanded head and multiple eyes. It included three subfamilies: Geoplaninae, with dorsal testicles and strong subepithelial longitudinal muscles, Caenoplaninae, with ventral testicles and strong subepithelial longitudinal muscles, and Pelmatoplaninae, with ventral testicles and weak subepithelial longitudinal muscles.

Recent phylogenetic analyses, however, revealed that Rhynchodeminae and Microplaninae are not closely related and that Caenoplaninae is closer to Rhynchodeminae than to Geoplaninae. The current classification of land planarian subfamilies is shown in the following phylogenetic tree after Álvarez-Presas et al., 2008. The old subfamilies Caenoplaninae and Pelmatoplaninae have been included as tribes Caenoplanini and Pelmatoplanini inside Rhynchodeminae. Note that Spathula and Romankenkius belong to the family Dugesiidae. Their relocation inside Geoplanidae needs further investigation.

Image gallery

References

External links
Video of juvenile Land Planarian in Borneo

Taxa named by William Stimpson


Thomas Young Duncan (1836 – 18 August 1914), sometimes referred to as "Tam Duncan", was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party.

Early life
Born at Plumbridge, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1836, Duncan was educated at Castledamph National School. In 1858 he went to Victoria where he worked on the goldfields, and then in 1862 followed the gold rush to Central Otago in New Zealand. After little success, he began farming at Pukeuri, north of Oamaru, and lived there for the remainder of his life.

Political career

He represented the Waitaki electorate from 1881 to 1890 and then the Oamaru electorate from 1890 to 1911, when he was defeated by Ernest Lee. He was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council on 13 June 1912 and served until his death in 1914.

Notes

References

1836 births
1914 deaths
People from County Tyrone
Irish emigrants to colonial Australia
Irish emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
New Zealand Liberal Party MLCs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1911 New Zealand general election
19th-century New Zealand politicians


Cernon may refer to:
Cernon, Jura, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
Cernon, Marne, a commune in the French region of Champagne-Ardenne
Cernon (river), a contributor of the Garonne river, in the southern France
Lapanouse-de-Cernon, a commune in the French region of Midi-Pyrénées
Sainte-Eulalie-de-Cernon, a commune in the French region of Midi-Pyrénées
Saint-Rome-de-Cernon, a commune in the French region of Midi-Pyrénées


This is a list of lakes and reservoirs in England.

Largest lakes and reservoirs by surface area

Lakes larger than 5 hectares

This list is restricted to open bodies of fresh-water over 5 ha in area, because of the difficulty in establishing what is a pond and what is a lake.

It excludes service reservoirs used within the water supply network for the storage of drinking water and excludes water bodies on industrial sites used exclusively for industrial purposes (works ponds).

A
Abberton Reservoir - Essex
Agden Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Aldenham Reservoir - Hertfordshire
Alderfen Broad - Norfolk
Anglezarke Reservoir - Lancashire
Angram Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Aqualate mere- Staffordshire/Shropshire
Ardingly Reservoir - West Sussex
Ardleigh Reservoir - Essex
Argal and College Reservoirs - Cornwall
Arnfield Reservoir - Derbyshire
Arrow Valley Lake - Worcestershire
Ashford Reservoir - Somerset
Ashworth Moor Reservoir - Lancashire
Audenshaw Reservoirs - Greater Manchester
Avon Dam Reservoir - Devon

B
Baitings Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Bakethin Reservoir - Northumberland
Balderhead Reservoir - County Durham
Banbury Reservoir - Greater London
Barrow Gurney Tanks - Somerset
Bartley Reservoir - West Midlands
Barton Broad - Norfolk
Bassenthwaite Lake - Cumbria
Beaver Dyke Reservoirs - West Yorkshire
Belaugh Broad - Norfolk
Belmont Reservoir - Lancashire
Belvide Reservoir - Staffordshire
Benacre Broad - Suffolk
Besom Hill Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Bessborough Reservoir - Surrey
Bewl Water - Kent/East Sussex
Bittell Reservoirs (Upper and Lower) - Worcestershire
Black Moss Reservoirs - Greater Manchester
Blackbrook Reservoir - Leicestershire
Blackmoorfoot Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Blackstone Edge Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Blackton Reservoir - County Durham
Blagdon Lake - Somerset
Blithfield Reservoir - Staffordshire
Boddington Reservoir - Northamptonshire
Bolton Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Bomere Pool - Shropshire
Booth Wood Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Borrans Reservoir - Cumbria
Boscathnoe Reservoir - Cornwall
Bosley Reservoir - Cheshire
Bottoms Reservoir - Derbyshire
Bough Beech Reservoir - Kent
Brent Reservoir (also known as the Welsh Harp) - Greater London
Bridge Broad - Norfolk
Broad Fen - Norfolk
Broadstone Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Brookvale Park Lake - West Midlands
Broomhead Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Brownhouse Wham Reservoir - Lancashire
Brundall Broad  - Norfolk
Brushes Clough Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Brushes Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Burnhope Reservoir - County Durham
Burnt Fen Broad - Norfolk
Burrator Reservoir - Devon
Bussow Reservoir - Cornwall
Buttermere - Cumbria

C
Calf Hey Reservoir - Lancashire
Calthorpe Broad - Norfolk
Cargenwen Reservoir - Cornwall
Carleton Broad - Norfolk
Carsington Reservoir - Derbyshire
Castleshaw Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Catcleugh Reservoir - Northumberland
Catfield Broad - Norfolk
Caversham Lakes- Berkshire
Challacombe Reservoir - Devon
Chapelhouse Reservoir - Cumbria
Chard Reservoir - Somerset
Chasewater - Staffordshire
Cheddar Reservoir - Somerset
Chelburn Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Chelker Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Chelmarsh Reservoir - Shropshire
Chew Reservoir- Greater Manchester
Chew Valley Lake - Somerset
Clattercote Reservoir - Oxfordshire
Clatworthy Reservoir - Somerset
Cockshoot Broad - Norfolk
Cod Beck Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Colemere - Shropshire
Colliford Lake - Cornwall
Colt Crag Reservoir - Northumberland
Coniston Water - Cumbria
Covehithe Broad - Suffolk
Covenham Reservoir - Lincolnshire
Cow Green Reservoir - Cumbria
Cowm Reservoir - Lancashire
Cransley Reservoir - Northamptonshire
Crome's Broad - Norfolk
Crook Gate Reservoir- Greater Manchester
Cropston Reservoir - Leicestershire
Crowdy Reservoir- Cornwall
Crummock Water - Cumbria

D
Dale Dyke Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Damflask Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Darracott Reservoir- Devon
Darwell Reservoir - East Sussex
Daventry Country Park reservoir - Northamptonshire
Decoy Broad - Norfolk
Delph Reservoir - Lancashire
Denton Reservoirs - Greater Manchester
Derwent Reservoir - Derbyshire
Derwent Reservoir - County Durham
Derwent Water - Cumbria
Devoke Water - Cumbria
Diggle Reservoir- Greater Manchester
Dilham Broad - Norfolk
Dingle Reservoir - Lancashire
Dorney Lake - Buckinghamshire
Dovestones Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Dowdeswell Reservoir - Gloucestershire
Dowry Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Dozmary Pool - Cornwall
Draycote Water - Warwickshire
Drayton Reservoir - Northamptonshire
Drift Reservoir - Cornwall
Dubbs Reservoir  - Cumbria
Durleigh reservoir - Somerset

E
Earlswood Lakes - Warwickshire
East Warwick Reservoir - Greater London
Easton Broad - Suffolk
Eccup Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Edgbaston Reservoir - West Midlands
Elsecar Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Elslack Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Embsay Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Emborough Pond - Somerset
Ennerdale Water - Cumbria
Errwood Reservoir - Derbyshire
Esthwaite Water - Cumbria
Eyebrook Reservoir - Leicestershire/Rutland

F
Farmoor Reservoir - Oxfordshire
Fernilee Reservoir - Derbyshire
Fernworthy Reservoir- Devon
Fewston Reservoir - Yorkshire
Filby Broad - Norfolk
Fisher Tarn - Cumbria
Fleet Pond - Hampshire
Fontburn Reservoir - Northumberland
Fonthill Lake - Wiltshire
Fountains Fell Tarn - Yorkshire
Foxcote Reservoir - Buckinghamshire
Frankley Reservoir - West Midlands

G
Gailey Reservoir - Staffordshire
Gammaton Reservoirs - Devon
Gormire Lake - North Yorkshire
Gorton Reservoirs - Greater Manchester
Gouthwaite Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Grafham Water - Cambridgeshire
Grasmere - Cumbria
Grassholme Reservoir- County Durham
Green Withens Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Greenbooth Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Greenfield Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Grimwith Reservoir - North Yorkshire

H
Hallington Reservoirs - Northumberland
Hamer Pasture Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Hanch Reservoir - Staffordshire
Hanging Lees Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Hanningfield Reservoir - Essex
Hardley Flood - Norfolk
Harlock Reservoir - Cumbria
Hatherton Reservoir - Staffordshire
Haweswater Reservoir - Cumbria
Hawkridge Reservoir - Somerset
Hayeswater - Cumbria
Heaton Park Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Hickling Broad - Norfolk
High Maynard Reservoir- Greater London
High Rid Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Higher Swineshaw Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Hisehope Reservoir- County Durham
Holden Wood Reservoir - Lancashire
Hollingworth Lake - Greater Manchester
Hollowell reservoir  - Northamptonshire
Holywell Reservoir- Devon
Hornsea Mere - East Riding of Yorkshire
Horsey Mere - Norfolk
Hoveton Great Broad - Norfolk
Hoveton Little Broad - Norfolk
Howden Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Hurworth Burn Reservoir- County Durham
Hury Reservoir- County Durham

I
Ingbirchworth Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Island Barn Reservoir - Surrey

J
Jennetts Reservoir- Devon
Jumbles Reservoir - Lancashire

K
Kennick Reservoir- Devon
Kentmere Reservoir - Cumbria
Kielder Water - Northumberland
Killington Reservoir - Cumbria
King George V Reservoir - Greater London
King George VI Reservoir - Surrey
Kitcliffe Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Knight Reservoir - Surrey
Knighton Reservoir - Shropshire
Knipton Reservoir - Leicestershire
Knypersley Reservoir - Staffordshire

L
Ladybower Reservoir - Derbyshire
Lamaload Reservoir - Cheshire
Laneshaw Reservoir - Lancashire
Langsett Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Leigh Reservoir - Somerset
Leighton Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Lifford Reservoir - West Midlands
Light Hazzles Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Lily Broad - Norfolk
Lindley Wood Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Little Swinburne Reservoir - Northumberland
Litton Reservoirs - Somerset
Lockwood Reservoir- Greater London
Longdendale Chain of reservoirs - Derbyshire
Lothing Lake - Suffolk
Low Maynard Reservoir- Greater London
Lower Chelburn Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Lower Rivington Reservoir - Lancashire
Lower Roddlesworth Reservoir - Lancashire
Lower Swineshaw Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Loweswater - Cumbria
Lumley Moor Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Luxhay Reservoir - Somerset

M
Malham Tarn - North Yorkshire
Malthouse Broad - Norfolk
Manchester, Bolton and Bury Reservoir - Greater Manchester
March Ghyll Reservoir - Cumbria
Martham Broad - Norfolk
Martin Mere - Lancashire
Marton Mere - Lancashire
Meadley Reservoir - Cumbria
Melbury Reservoir- Devon
Meldon Reservoir- Devon
Midhope Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Molesey Reservoirs - Surrey
More Hall Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Mossy Moor Reservoir - North Yorkshire

N
Naden Reservoirs (Higher, Middle and Lower) - Greater Manchester
Nanpantan Reservoir - Leicestershire
Naseby Reservoir - Northamptonshire
Netherton Reservoir - West Midlands
New Years Bridge Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Norfolk Broads - Norfolk
Norman Hill Reservoir- Greater Manchester
Nutscale Reservoir - Somerset

O
Ogden Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Ogden Reservoir (Lancashire)  - Lancashire
Ogston Reservoir - Derbyshire
Old Ford- Greater London
Oldbury Reservoir - Warwickshire
Olton Reservoir - West Midlands
Orchardleigh Lake - Somerset
Ormesby Broad - Norfolk
Ormesby Little Broad - Norfolk
Oulston Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Oulton Broad - Suffolk

P
Packington Lakes - Warwickshire
Pebley Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Pennington Flash - Leigh
Pennington Reservoir - Cumbria
Piethorne Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Pitsford Water - Northamptonshire
Poaka Beck Reservoir - Cumbria
Porth Reservoir- Cornwall
Powdermill Reservoir - East Sussex

Q
Queen Elizabeth II Reservoir - Surrey
Queen Mary Reservoir - Surrey
Queen Mother Reservoir - Surrey

R
Rake Brook Reservoir - Lancashire
Ranworth Broad - Norfolk
Ravensthorpe Reservoir - Northamptonshire
Readycon Dean Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Redbrook Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Redmires Reservoirs - South Yorkshire
Rhodeswood Reservoir - Derbyshire
Ridgegate Reservoir - Cheshire
Ringstone Edge Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Rivelin Dams - South Yorkshire
Roadford Lake - Devon
Rockland Broad - Norfolk
Rollesby Broad - Norfolk
Rooden Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Roundhill Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Royd Moor Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Rudyard Lake - Staffordshire
Rumworth Lodge Reservoir- Greater Manchester
Rutland Water - Rutland
Ryburn Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Rydal Water - Cumbria

S
Saddington Reservoir - Leicestershire
Salhouse Broad - Norfolk
Sandhill Lake - Nottinghamshire
Scammonden Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Scar House Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Scarborough Mere - North Yorkshire
Scargill Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Scout Dike Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Selset Reservoir- County Durham
Semerwater - North Yorkshire
Serpentine - Greater London
Shustoke Reservoirs - Warwickshire
Siblyback Lake- Cornwall
Simpson Ground Reservoir - Cumbria
Slade Reservoir- Devon
Smiddy Shaw Reservoir- County Durham
Snailsden Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Spring Mill Reservoir - Lancashire
Springs Reservoir - Lancashire
Stain Hill Reservoirs - Surrey
Staines Reservoirs - Surrey
Stanford Reservoir - Leicestershire/Northamptonshire
Staunton Harold Reservoir - Leicestershire
Stithians Reservoir- Cornwall
Stoke Newington West Reservoir - Greater London
Stowe Pool - Staffordshire
Strines Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Strinesdale Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Strumpshaw Fen - Norfolk
Sulby Reservoir (Northamptonshire) - Northamptonshire
Sunnyside Reservoir - Surrey
Sutton reservoir - Cheshire
Sutton Bingham Reservoir - Somerset
Sutton Broad - Norfolk
Swellands Reservoir - West Yorkshire
Swineshaw Reservoirs - Greater Manchester
Swinsty Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Swithland Reservoir - Leicestershire
Sywell Reservoir - Northamptonshire

T
Talkin Tarn - Cumbria
Tardebigge Reservoir - Worcestershire
Ten Acre Reservoir - North Yorkshire
The Mere - Shropshire
Thirlmere - Cumbria
Thornton Reservoir - Leicestershire
Thornton Steward Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Thorpe Malsor reservoir - Northamptonshire
Thrapston Sailing Lake - Northamptonshire
Thruscross Reservoir - Yorkshire
Tilgate Lake - West Sussex
Tittesworth Reservoir - Staffordshire
Torside Reservoir - Derbyshire
Tottiford Reservoir- Devon
Trenchford Reservoir- Devon
Trentabank Reservoir - Cheshire
Tring Reservoirs - Hertfordshire
Turkey Broad - Norfolk
Turnstall Reservoir- County Durham
Turton and Entwistle Reservoir - Lancashire

U
Ullswater - Cumbria
Underbank Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Upper and Lower Bardon Reservoirs - North Yorkshire
Upper Derwent Valley - Derbyshire
Upper Rivington Reservoir - Lancashire
Upper Roddlesworth Reservoir - Lancashire
Upton Broad - Norfolk

V
Valehouse Reservoir - Derbyshire
Ventford Reservoir - Devon
Virginia Water Lake - Berkshire

W
Walkerwood Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Walshaw Dean Reservoirs - West Yorkshire
Walthamstow Reservoirs - Greater London
Warwick Reservoir- Greater London
Waskerley Reservoir - County Durham
Wast Water - Cumbria
Watergrove Reservoir - Greater Manchester
Wayoh Reservoir - Lancashire
Weecher Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Weir Wood Reservoir - West Sussex
Welford Reservoir - Northamptonshire
West Warwick Reservoir - London
Weston Turville Reservoir - Buckinghamshire
Wet Sleddale Reservoir - Cumbria
Wharncliffe Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Wheatfen Broad - Norfolk
Whitlingham Great Broad - Norfolk
William Girling Reservoir - Greater London
Wilton Water - Wiltshire
Wimbleball Lake - Somerset
Windermere - Cumbria
Windleden Reservoirs - South Yorkshire
Winscar Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Winsford flashes - Cheshire
Winterburn Reservoir - North Yorkshire
Wistlandpound Reservoir - Devon
Witton Lakes - West Midlands
Womack Water - Norfolk
Woodhead Reservoir - Derbyshire
Wormleighton Reservoir -Warwickshire
Worsbrough Reservoir - South Yorkshire
Worthington Lakes - Greater Manchester
Wraysbury Reservoir - Surrey
Wroxham Broad - Norfolk
Wychall Reservoir - Birmingham

Y
Yarrow Reservoir - Lancashire
Yeoman Hey Reservoir - Greater Manchester

See also

List of lakes in the Lake District
List of loughs of Ireland
List of lochs of Scotland
List of lakes of Wales
List of dams and reservoirs in the United Kingdom
List of lakes and tarns in North Yorkshire


Champvans may refer to:

Champvans, Jura, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
Champvans, Haute-Saône, a commune in the French region of Franche-Comté
Champvans-les-Moulins, a commune in the department of Doubs


University of Saint Louis or University of St. Louis may refer to:

In St. Louis, Missouri

 Saint Louis University
 Washington University in St. Louis
 University of Missouri–St. Louis

Outside of the United States

 University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao, Philippines
 Gaston Berger University, Senegal, formerly known as the University of Saint-Louis


Scott James Wells (July 4, 1961 – October 28, 2015) was an American actor and model, primarily noted for playing the villain Lex Luthor during the first season of the television series Superboy. After his departure from the series in 1989, Scott Wells appeared in The Taking of Beverly Hills. Subsequently, to this film he retired from show business. Besides acting on TV he could be seen in print ads for Calvin Klein and billboards for Coppertone. In 1988, he appeared in the music video "Anything For You" by Gloria Estefan.

Early life
Scott James Wells was born on July 4, 1961, in Dayton, Ohio. He graduated from West Carrollton High School. Sometime afterwards, he moved to L.A, working as an actor, having appeared in Emergency! and Beauty and the Beast, and a model for fitness and fashion magazines.

Superboy
In 1988, Wells was cast as Superboy's (arch-) enemy Lex Luthor. Playing a younger version of the famous character, he had four guest appearances on the show. After ratings were disappointing, the show's producer Ilya Salkind decided to change aspects of the series. As a consequence, Wells as well as John Haymes Newton (Superboy) were replaced beginning with Season 2. Sherman Howard was then cast as Lex Luthor. The change in appearance was explained due to Luthor having been scarred by a chemical accident which first caused his hair to fall out, then caused accelerated aging. Luthor then got plastic surgery to rectify the accident as well as become a doppelganger of an industrialist (also played by Sherman Howard), whom he murders to replace him and fool Superboy.

In 2006, Salkind explained Wells' absence on the DVD box set of "Superboy: The Complete First Season," due to him being in "rehab,"

Death
Wells died on October 28, 2015, in Dayton, Ohio.

References

External links

1961 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Dayton, Ohio


The Women's Javelin Throw event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California had an entry list of 29 competitors, with two qualifying groups (29 throwers) before the final (12) took place on Monday August 6, 1984. The top 12 and ties, and all those reaching 60.00 metres advanced to the final. All results were made with a rough surfaced javelin (old design).

Medalists

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1982 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Athens)
 1983 Women's World Championships Javelin Throw (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Friendship Games Javelin Throw (Prague)
 1984 Javelin Throw Year Ranking
 1986 Women's European Championships Javelin Throw (Stuttgart)
 1987 Women's World Championships Javelin Throw (Rome)

References

External links
  Official Report
  Results
  todor66

J
Javelin throw at the Olympics
1984 in women's athletics
Women's events at the 1984 Summer Olympics


The  (FIMT) is a research institute for the study of opera and music theater. It is located in the Thurnau Castle, Thurnau, near Bayreuth, Bavaria.

FIMT is associated with the University of Bayreuth. The director of the Institute has also been chair of Theater Studies with Focus on Music Theatre at the University of Bayreuth, and the staff of FIMT teach Music Theater and related subjects at the university, including musicology, Theater Studies, and Media Studies.

FIMT grants Bachelor of Arts degrees in "", and Master of Arts and Ph.D. degrees in "Musik und Performance" and "Oper und Performance".

History
The Research Institute for Music Theatre Studies was founded in 1976 with the participation of Pierre Boulez, Carl Dahlhaus, Werner Egk, August Everding, and Wolfgang Wagner as a central institution of the University of Bayreuth. Since 1977, it has been based at Thurnau Castle, where it has a specialist library containg around 40,000 items of media, and a programme collection numbering approximately 30,000. From 1983 to 2006, the Institute was directed by Sieghart Döhring, who placed one of his research focuses on the opera composer Giacomo Meyerbeer. From 1986 to 1997, together with Carl Dahlhaus, the Institute published Piper's Encyclopaedia of Music Theatre, a seven-volume handbook in which almost 2,500 works of music theatre are described in detail. Since 2006, the Institute has been headed by Prof. Dr. Anno Mungen. His academic work focuses on the approach of analysing opera, music theatre, and music through their performance, including important perspectives such as gender and mediality. Since the Institute returned to the restored premises of the Hans-Georgen building in 2007, chamber concerts as well as experimental performance formats have been realised in the Ahnensaal of Thurnau Castle. A number of renowned scholars have worked at fimt over the decades and have made significant contributions to research on music theatre. These include Gabriele Brandstetter, Maren Butte, Markus Engelhardt, Rainer Franke, Melanie Fritsch, Ulrike Hartung, Knut Holtsträter, Arnold Jacobshagen, Manuela Jahrmärker, Dominic Larue, Marion Linhardt, Katrin Losleben, Stephan Mösch, Ruth Müller-Lindenberg, Gunhild Oberzaucher-Schüller, Thomas Steiert, Susanne Rode-Breymann, Stephanie Schroedter, Mathias Spohr, Susanne Vill, Sebastian Werr, and Saskia Woyke.

Teaching
In cooperation with the professorships of Musicology and Theater Studies, a fully comprehensive study programme is offered by the Department of Music Theatre. At the University of Bayreuth, the degrees Bachelor of Arts "Music Theater Studies", the Master of Arts "Opera & Performance", and the Master of Arts "Music & Performance" can be obtained. Furthermore, a doctorate can be completed in the programme "Music & Performance". In addition, staff of the Institute also participate in the Bachelor of Arts "Theater & Media".
The master's programme "Opera and Performance" focuses on opera in contexts related to its performance. It is thus integrated into the field of opera studies, which has been gaining in academic breadth in recent years. The programme examines opera as a performative phenomenon and cultural practice. With its interdisciplinary approach, it focuses on methods from musicology and theatre studies. In a multi-perspective approach, in which aspects of media studies and cultural studies, including gender studies, are also significant, opera can be treated in the various medial states of its transmission.
In the master's and doctoral programme "Music & Performance", the interaction of music and performative phenomena is examined from different perspectives. The term "performance", borrowed from English, encompasses both general aspects of performance and performance art in the narrower sense. Thus, the fields of music and theatricality (concerts, street music culture, and pageants as theatrical events), music and audiovisual media (film and television) as well as the interactions of music and visual art are very much in the spotlight. The study programme requires a multi-perspective approach that uses methods and findings from film, theatre, and art and dance studies and develops them independently.

Research
With its events and projects, fimt offers an international discussion forum and mediates between science and practice. As a centre of interdisciplinary research, fimt promotes cooperation with national and international musical theatre institutions. The Institute houses an extensive library as well as an archive of music theatre programmes. The staff of fimt work in an interdisciplinary and cross-faculty manner in the fields of musicology and theatre studies. Furthermore, fimt cooperates with many renowned institutes and cultural institutions: Almaviva e.V. - Alumni- und Förderverein Musiktheater Bayreuth, Concerto Köln, Staatstheater Nürnberg, Landestheater Coburg,, Klaviermanufaktur Steingraeber & Söhne, Bayreuth Academy of Advanced African Studies, Theaterwissenschaftliche Sammlung der Universität Köln (Schloss Wahn), Theater Erfurt, Dramaturgische Gesellschaft AG Musiktheater, Richard Wagner Museum Bayreuth, and Oper Dortmund, Staatstheater Kassel .
Current research projects of the Research Institute for Music Theatre include "Staging Power and Entertainment - Propaganda and Music Theatre in Nuremberg 1920-1950", "Wagner Singing in the 21st Century - Historically Informed" and "Music Theatre in Institutional Change between Musealisation and New Formats".

Publications
The series "Thurnauer Schriften zum Musiktheater" has been produced since 1978. Until the 21st volume in 2006, the publication series was published by Laaber Verlag. With the 22nd volume in 2008, the series underwent a conceptual and visual overhaul due to the change of publisher to Königshausen & Neumann. "Thurnauer Schriften" also reflect the broad concept of music theatre that underlies the research and teaching activities of the Institute.
Since 2010, the Institute has published the online publication "ACT - Zeitschrift für Musik und Performance". The journal focuses on the fields of music and performance, with each issue pursuing its own focus, which is determined by its revolving editors. "ACT" offers a place for innovative research approaches, especially for young academics. The electronic journal contains articles in German and English and is aimed at an international audience.

References

 Musiktheater - Quo vadis?, edited by Anno Mungen and Anne-Henrike Wasmuth, Schliengen: Edition Argus, 2007.

External links
 Forschungsinstitut für Musiktheater Thurnau
 University of Bayreuth

History institutes
Research institutes in Germany
Musicology
University of Bayreuth
History organisations based in Germany
Buildings and structures in Kulmbach (district)
1976 establishments in West Germany
Research institutes established in 1976


Strings of Steel is a 1926 action film serial directed by Henry MacRae. The film is considered to be lost.

Cast
 William Desmond as Ned Brown
 Eileen Sedgwick as Gloria Van Norton
 Albert J. Smith as Peter Allen
 Arthur Morrison as Jim Hogan
 George Ovey as Willie Gray
 Grace Cunard as Bowery Belle
 Alphonse Martell as Alexander Graham Bell
 Taylor N. Duncan as Theodore N. Vail
 Blanche Fisher
 Dorothy Gulliver

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1926 films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures film serials
Films directed by Henry MacRae
Lost American action films
1920s action films
Silent American action films
1926 lost films
1920s American films