John Altman (born 5 December 1949) is an English film composer, music arranger, orchestrator and conductor.

Music career
Altman was introduced to the music of the 1930s and 1940s at an early age by his uncles, bandleaders Woolf and Sid Phillips.  Woolf Phillips was the bandleader and MC at the London Palladium during the Golden Age of Variety and arranged and conducted for Judy Garland, the Marx Brothers, Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Danny Kaye and Dean Martin, among others, while Sid Phillips wrote for the Bert Ambrose Orchestra, played in Louis Armstrong's British All Stars, and led Britain's best known Dixieland Band. John Altman's cousin, Simon Phillips, was for many years the drummer of the world-famous rock band Toto and now leads the Grammy nominated Protocol.

Altman's only formal musical training was piano lessons as a child. While enrolled at the University of Sussex he was involved in session work and gigs with Peter Green, members of Fleetwood Mac, Kevin Ayers, and John Martyn. His later studies at Birkbeck College were interrupted when he left to work with Hot Chocolate as musical director for their concert tour for two years. He also played saxophone with such artists as Jimi Hendrix, Bob Marley, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Little Richard, and Van Morrison for whom he functioned as arranger and musical director as well as reed player. Among the many other artists Altman has played with over the years are Muddy Waters, Nick Drake, Jimmy Page, The Comets, Spencer Davis. In the mid-1970s, Altman began arranging and conducting. Among his hit records have been Aled Jones' Walking in the Air (which he also produced); Alison Moyet's That Old Devil Called Love, Simple Minds Street Fighting Years, Rod Stewart's Downtown Train, George Michael's Kissing a Fool, Prefab Sprout's Hey Manhattan, Tina Turner and Barry White's Wildest Dream, Diana Ross' Christmas Album, Björk's It's Oh So Quiet, Goldie's Saturnz Returns. He was musical director for the All-Star Band assembled for the 1981 Amnesty International benefit show The Secret Policeman's Other Ball – an ensemble that included Sting, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Phil Collins, Bob Geldof, Donovan and Midge Ure.

Altman is a highly accomplished jazz musician, lauded by respected critic Don Heckman in the Los Angeles Times as "one of the few film composers with authentic jazz skills." In the jazz world he has performed with Chet Baker, Plas Johnson, Ernie Watts, Red Holloway, Conte Candoli, Slim Gaillard, Barbara Morrison, Herb Geller, Wild Bill Davison, Bud Freeman, Les McCann, Percy Heath and many others. He conducted the Stan Tracey Big Band and the Durham Cathedral Choir for an album of Duke Ellington's Sacred Music. His jazz quartet CD You Started Something was released in January 2006 on the Bronze Jazz label, of which he was A&R Director, and was named 'Jazz CD of the Month' in The Observer. His previous CD (featuring his orchestra with jazz singer Joan Viskant) also received this accolade. The John Altman Big Band frequently performs in the US and UK. Personnel includes Wayne Bergeron, Andy Martin, Pete Christlieb, Grant Geissman, Gary Foster, Warren Luening, Peter Erskine, Alex Acuna, and Tom Ranier. Altman performed at the Vladivostok Summer Festival, the San Jose winter jazz series, the LA Jazz Festival, the Hollywood and Highland Summer Jazz Series in Los Angeles and the London Jazz Festival both with the big band, which garnered a standing ovation and rave reviews, and the Caribbean Jazz Cruise. He is also a Patron of the National Jazz Archive and was honoured by the Archive in July 2010. He recently recorded the big band for an album to be released in the New Year of 2022. Altman also undertook a well received big band tour of Australia, and a quintet tour of California. His latest jazz project is a quartet, Pearls of Wisdom, with Police guitarist Andy Summers which debuted in 2014.

Altman is a frequent guest conductor for the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and served on the board of ASMAC (the American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers), and as a member of the governing Council of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). His recent record arrangements are for the Amnesty International 50th anniversary celebrations CD, Chimes of Freedom – one featuring Pete Seeger in his final recording, with banjo virtuoso Bela Fleck, and the other a jazz track featuring Evan Rachel Wood with Patrice Rushen and Tom Scott. He was flattered to have been recommended for this prestigious gig by Sir George Martin. He also arranged the horn section for Mark Ronson's song "Johanna" featured in the movie Mortdecai  performed by Miles Kane and several songs for the Michael Caine Gala at the Royal Albert Hall for Joss Stone, Quincy Jones, and the London Symphony Orchestra

He contributed songs for a stage musical devised by Terence Frisby from his best selling book Kisses on a Postcard. He was also co-founder – and co-host for seven years – of the "10 Room" Monday night jam session in London which won Club Night of the Year awards – and featured guests such as:Pharrell Williams Lionel Richie, Macy Gray, Will Smith, Black Eyed Peas, Alicia Keys, Najee, Wyclef Jean, Shaquille O'Neal, the Roots, The Neptunes, Mario, Roy Ayers, Omar, Chaka Khan, Chris Tucker and the Backstreet Boys, as well as helping to launch the careers of John Legend, Katie Melua, Gabriella Cilmi, and Amy Winehouse, who was a regular 10 Room habitué and performer. Two new venues in London have continued to host the weekly sessions with guests over the years including Prince and the New Power Generation and Jessie J, and others are to be added worldwide. One of the backing vocalists was Oscar nominee Cynthia Erivo. In August 2018 he guested with the New Power Generation and Beverley Knight at their London tribute to Prince.

Film score composing
He has had a parallel successful career as a composer/arranger/producer for films and television, winning most of the prestigious film composer awards -an EMMY and an ASCAP Film Award for RKO 281 – The Making of Citizen Kane, the Anthony Asquith Award (BAFTA) for Hear My Song, a TRIC Award for Peak Practice, a Golden Reel nomination for Little Voice, a BAFTA nomination for The Old Devils, an Oscar mention for the period music for James Cameron's Titanic, which he also produced, and a second Emmy nomination in 2003 for his score for The Roman Spring of Mrs Stone starring Helen Mirren and Anne Bancroft. His contribution to British and international film music has been recognized in October 2006 by the award of the prestigious Gold Badge of Excellence, the lifetime achievement award of the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters, in 2011 with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Monaco Film Festival, and in 2012 with an honorary doctorate of music from the University of Sussex where he was the first ever Creative Arts Fellow in the Department of Humanities, a position he held through 2010. In 2018 he was awarded a star on the Palace Pier in the Brighton Music Walk of Fame. His autobiography Hidden Man - My Many Musical Lives was published in February 2022 by Equinox Books

His credits as a film score composer include Funny Bones, Beautiful Thing, The MatchMaker, Legionnaire, Hope Springs, Aakasha Gopuram, Bhaji on the Beach, Bad Behaviour, Fidel, King of Texas, Beautiful Joe, On Thin Ice and The Lost Empire. He also scored the tank chase sequence in the James Bond film GoldenEye (voted number 2 in the all time James Bond favourite moments list by the viewers of Channel 4), and arranged and produced the Academy Award-nominated period music for James Cameron's film Titanic. In 2020 he arranged and conducted some of the Hans Zimmer score for the latest James Bond movie No Time to Die'’. In 2023 he arranged and/or composed the period music for the movie “Shoshana” directed by Michael Winterbottom.

Altman's screen career began as the musical arranger/director for the 1978 film Just a Gigolo. In 1978, he arranged the song "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" for the film Monty Python's Life of Brian voted the greatest comedy song in movies by the viewers of Channel 4 in the UK. His association with Monty Python had started when he appeared on the album Matching Tie and Handkerchief, and continued when he arranged the music for the Rutles television special All You Need Is Cash created by Eric Idle and Neil Innes. He orchestrated and conducted the soundtrack album for the Rutles film and fulfilled the same role on the Rutles 1996 album Archaeology. Altman arranged and conducted the music for the three BBC TV series of The Innes Book of Records starring Rutles/Python composer Neil Innes and has made multiple related onstage appearances with Innes and the Pythons. He continued in this capacity for numerous film and television productions, including Shadowlands, the score for The Sheltering Sky (Golden Globe - Best score) Léon (The Professional) and Miss Marple. He was the first Western composer to score a Russian film (Tsareubiytsa, aka The Assassin of the Tsar). Other credits include the top 5 worldwide hit movie Shall We Dance? starring Jennifer Lopez, Richard Gere and Susan Sarandon for Miramax, for which he won the ASCAP Film Award; the music for the CBS movie Suburban Madness with Sela Ward, and the controversial Emmy nominated miniseries, The Reagans starring Judy Davis and James Brolin. In the UK he scored Mr Harvey Lights a Candle for BBC Films, and the BAFTA nominated The Queen's Sister for Channel 4.

He has also become a guest presenter on the BBC Television Culture Show and Channel 4's The Music of James Bond, and was seen extensively in the BBC4 documentary How Pop Songs Work, as well as frequent radio appearances as guest presenter of various jazz shows. A recent TV project was as musical director for the BBC TV 'celebration' of the centenary of Titanic. He has also written the sleeve notes for the album he produced of unreleased material for a double and quadruple CD special edition box set of music from the James Cameron movie Titanic, issued at the time of the release of Titanic 3D, in April 2012. In July 2015 he was commissioned to compose a new score for the Gala screening of the restored silent classic Shooting Stars which premiered in the 2015 London Film Festival. In 2018 he re-arranged Quincy Jones iconic score for the 1969 movie The Italian Job for live projection with orchestra. He has recently begun hosting a series of live conversations in London with friends and colleagues. Thus far his guests have included Sanjeev Bhaskar, Michael Palin, and Goldie with Rob Brydon, Jim Carter, Imelda Staunton, Lenny Henry, Adrian Dunbar, and Bradley Walsh kicking off 2019's guest list.In 2023 he arranged all (and composed some of)the period music for the movie Shoshana directed by Michael Winterbottom

Commercial music composing
Altman is the most prolific writer of music for commercials, having scored more than 4,000 TV advertisements. He won every major creative award, including the inaugural MPA Music in Advertising Award, and being named by Campaign magazine in 2002 as one of the 100 most influential figures in contemporary British advertising, and in 2005 as one of the 5 top composers. The track he wrote for   the hardware chain B & Q ran for many years while his music for Levi's and Renault won the Campaign Award for Best Soundtracks in 2003 and 2004. He scored Ridley Scott's promotional film for Prada. His composition for the advertising campaign for Sheila's Wheels car insurance swept the country, and the Sheila's Wheels theme was the most downloaded ringtone in the UK. Among his collaborators in advertising have been such giants as David Bailey, Terence Donovan, John Frankenheimer, Tony Scott, and Sir Salman Rushdie. He is also a prolific composer of library music, with his work being featured worldwide in movies and on television, in productions such as Peaky Blinders,America in Colour and Dancing With The Stars.

Personal life
John is a father and lives with wife on the Essex fringe of London.

References

External links

 Hidden Man: My Many Musical Lives'' (forthcoming memoir by John Altman, Equinox Publishing)
John Altman Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2021)

British film score composers
British male film score composers
English jazz saxophonists
British male conductors (music)
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Composers from London
Alumni of the University of Sussex
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
1949 births
Living people
21st-century British conductors (music)
21st-century British male musicians
British male jazz musicians


Hultafors () is a locality situated in Bollebygd Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 227 inhabitants in 2010.

References

Populated places in Västra Götaland County
Populated places in Bollebygd Municipality


The 310th Special Operations Squadron  is an active United States Air Force unit, based at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. It was most recently activated in 2021 as part of the 27th Special Operations Group, flying the U-28A for Air Force Special Operations Command.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 310th Troop Carrier Squadron. After training in the United States, the squadron deployed to the European Theater of Operations. It participated in combat and airlift operations until V-E Day, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions on D-Day. Following the end of hostilities, it participated in the airlift of American troops back to the United States until inactivating in Trinidad in the summer of 1945.

The 310th was activated again in the reserve in June 1949. It was mobilized for the Korean War and performed airlift missions until February 1953, when it was released from active duty and inactivated. From February 1955 to September 1956, the squadron served as a helicopter unit in a trial of the Air Force using rotary wing aircraft to support the Army It was activated again in 1963 in the early buildup of American forces for the Vietnam War It served under several designations until the withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam in 1972, earning a number of decorations for its actions.

In 1984, the squadron was activated as the 310th Military Airlift Squadron in the Panama Canal Zone. It provided airlift throughout South and Central America, including participation in Operation Just Cause until inactivating with the withdrawal of United States forces from Panama in 1999.

History

World War II

It was established in early 1942 as a Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport squadron under First Air Force, and later trained under I Troop Carrier Command in the eastern United States. It was deployed to England in December 1942, being assigned to Eighth Air Force to provide transport and resupply support to the buildup of the heavy bomber force in England.

The squadron was detached to Twelfth Air Force in Algeria in May 1943 to provide air resupply and transport during the North African Campaign in Algeria and Tunisia. It also performed combat casualty evacuation of wounded personnel to rear areas. It remained under jurisdiction of VIII ASC while in North Africa, providing transport between England and North Africa from its base in Algeria. It returned to England in early 1944 to participate in the buildup of forces prior to the Allied landings in France during D-Day in June 1944.

The squadron engaged in combat operations by dropping paratroops into Normandy on D-Day (6 June 1944) and releasing gliders with reinforcements on the following day. The unit received a Distinguished Unit Citation and a French citation for these missions.

After the Normandy invasion the squadron ferried supplies in the United Kingdom. It also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals. It dropped paratroops near Nijmegen and towed gliders carrying reinforcements during the Operation Market Garden. In December, it participated in the Battle of the Bulge by releasing gliders with supplies for the 101st Airborne Division near Bastogne.

The squadron moved to Belgium in early 1945, and participated in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, participating in the air assault across the Rhine River in March 1945, each aircraft towed two gliders with troops of the 17th Airborne Division and released them near Wesel.

In late May 1945, after V-E Day, the squadron moved to Waller Field, Trinidad and attached to Air Transport Command. From Trinidad, the squadron ferried returning military personnel to Morrison Field, Florida, where they were sent on to other bases or prepared for separation after the war. It was inactivated at the end of July 1945.

Air Force reserve
It was reactivated in 1949 as a reserve troop carrier squadron. It was equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commandos. activated during the Korean War and became a training unit for crews flying Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar assault transports in South Korea. It was inactivated in 1953 after federalized activation period ended. The squadron was reactivated a year later operating variety of rotary wing helicopters. It provided helicopter support for atomic weapons tests on Bikini in the Eniwetok Atoll, February–June 1956. It was inactivated when the helicopter mission was transferred to the United States Army.

Vietnam War

The squadron was reactivated again in 1963 as a Fairchild C-123 Provider combat resupply squadron, used in remote combat airfield resupply and casualty evacuation of ground forces. It was deployed to South Vietnam after training and operated under 2d Air Division, Pacific Air Forces to support advisory units, primarily in Operation Mule Train combat cargo missions in South Vietnam to support special forces in the early stages of US Involvement in the Vietnam War. It was re-designated an Air Commando squadron in 1965 under Seventh Air Force, engaged in special operations and tactical airlift during 1965–1970 based at Phan Rang Air Base flying intratheater combat cargo and troop carrier missions. It took over de Havilland Canada C-7 Caribou remote outpost resupply mission in 1972. It moved from Phan Rang to Tan Son Nhut Airport in 1972 after the base was turned over to South Vietnamese. It remained in the country supporting last combat forces in South Vietnam until it was inactivated in November 1972.

Special operations in Latin America

The squadron flew airlift missions in South and Central America from 1985 to 1999, including support for Operation Just Cause, December 1989 to January 1990, until its inactivation in March 1999.  On 24 April 1992 two Peruvian Sukhoi Su-22 fighters attacked and heavily damaged a squadron C-130 Hercules flying an Air Bridge Denial Program anti-drug mission in international airspace. Captain Pete B. Eunice still managed a safe landing. For that effort, the C-130 crew earned the 1992 Mackay Trophy. This highly classified anti-drug surveillance mission remains controversial even today. One airman was killed, and others were wounded onboard the aircraft during the attack.

VIP transport
In 2001, the squadron was reactivated as part of the redesignated 6th Air Mobility Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, where it flew the C-37A Gulfstream V.
In 2013, the unit received a United States Central Command deployment tasking to provide combat airlift to the Commander, International Security Assistance Force at Kabul International Airport. This tasking represented the DOD's first deployment of the C-37 to a combat zone. The 310th successfully completed two subsequent deployments that year.

On 1 July 2019, the C-37As were reassigned to other bases and the squadron was inactivated a few months later on 30 September 2019.

The squadron will relocate to Will Rogers Air National Guard Base in the future.

Operations and decorations
 Combat operations. Airborne assaults on Normandy, the Netherlands, and Germany, as well as aerial transportation in ETO, during World War II. Awarded Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for service at Normandy, 5–6 June 1944. Helicopter support for atomic weapons tests (Operation RED WING) on the Bikini and Eniwetok atolls in the Marshall Islands, Feb–June 1956. Airdrop and airlift to combat forces in Southeast Asia, 1963–1972; also vegetation destruction and malaria control flights, August 1970 – June 1972. Awarded Presidential Unit Citations (PUCs) for service in Vietnam, 21 January-12 May 1968; 1 April-30 June 1970. Airlift in South and Central America, 1985–1999, including the invasion of Panama (Operation JUST CAUSE), December 1989 – January 1990. Airlifted combatant commanders, government and military official throughout the US and worldwide in support of Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), 2001 – present
 Campaigns. World War II: Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Central Europe. Vietnam: Vietnam Advisory; Vietnam Defensive; Vietnam Air; Vietnam Air Offensive; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase II; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase III; Vietnam Air/Ground; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase IV; TET 69/ Counteroffensive; Vietnam Summer/Fall, 1969; Vietnam Winter/Spring, 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Southwest Monsoon; Commando Hunt V; Commando Hunt VI; Commando Hunt VII; Vietnam Ceasefire.
 Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citation: Normandy, 5–6 June 1944. Presidential Unit Citations: Vietnam, 21 January-12 May 1968; 1 April-30 June 1970. Navy Presidential Unit Citation: Khe Sanh, 20 January-31 March 1968. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards with Combat "V" Device: [8 July] 1963-30 April 1965; 30 June-9 July 1965; 15 October 1966 – 30 April 1967; 10 June-31 December 1967; 15 July 1968 – 30 June 1969; 1 January 1971 – 26 January 1972; 27 January-15 November 1972. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 1 December 1984 – 30 June 1986; 1 July 1986 – 30 June 1988; 1 July 1988 – 30 June 1989; 20 December 1989 – 14 February 1991; 11 February 1992 – 31 July 1993; 1 June 1996 – 31 May 1998. Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Crosses with Palm: 22 April 1966 – 1 January 1970; 1 January 1970 – 15 November 1972.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 310th Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 May 1943
 Activated on 1 October 1943
 Inactivated on 31 July 1945
 Redesignated 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 10 May 1949
 Activated in the Reserve on 27 June 1949
 Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 1 February 1953
 Redesignated 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, Assault, Rotary Wing on 16 November 1954
 Activated on 8 February 1955
 Inactivated on 7 September 1956
 Redesignated: 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, Assault and activated on 24 May 1963 (not organized)
 Organized on 8 July 1963
 Redesignated 310th Air Commando Squadron, Troop Carrier on 8 March 1965
 Redesignated 310th Air Commando Squadron, Tactical Airlift on 1 August 1967
 Redesignated 310th Special Operations Squadron on 1 August 1968
 Redesignated 310th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 January 1970
 Inactivated on 15 November 1972
 Redesignated 310th Military Airlift Squadron and activated on 1 December 1984
 Redesignated 310th Airlift Squadron on 1 June 1992
 Inactivated on 31 March 1999
 Activated on 1 January 2001
 Inactivated on 30 September 2019
 Redesignated as 310th Special Operations Squadron on 16 Mar 2021
 Activated on 30 Apr 2021

Assignments
 443d Troop Carrier Group, 1 October 1943
 I Troop Carrier Command, 15 February 1944
 Eighth Air Force, 21 April 1944
 315th Troop Carrier Group, 26 April 1944 – 31 July 1945
 443d Troop Carrier Group, 27 June 1949 – 1 February 1953
 Eighteenth Air Force
 Attached to 464th Troop Carrier Wing, 8 February 1955 – 7 September 1956
 Pacific Air Forces, 24 May 1963
 315th Troop Carrier Group (later 315th Air Commando) Group), 8 July 1963
 315th Air Commando Wing (later 315th Special Operations Wing, 315th Tactical Airlift Wing), 8 March 1966
 377th Combat Support Group (later 377th Air Base Wing), 15 January – 15 November 1972
 61st Military Airlift Group, 1 December 1984
 24th Operations Group, 1 June 1992
 Twenty-First Air Force, 1 October 1997 – 31 March 1999
 6th Operations Group, 1 January 2001 – 30 September 2019
 27th Special Operations Group, 30 April 2021 – present

Stations

 Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 1 October 1943
 Alliance Army Air Field, Nebraska, 19 January 1944
 Camp Mackall, North Carolina, 8 March-21 April 1944
 RAF Spanhoe (AAF-493), England, 21 April 1944
 Amiens Airfield (B-48), France, 6 April–May 1945
 Waller Field, Trinidad, May-31 July 1945
 Hensley Field, Texas, 27 June 1949
 Donaldson Air Force Base, South Carolina, 9 August 1951 – 1 February 1953

 Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina 8 February 1955 – 7 September 1956
 Tan Son Nhut Airport, South Vietnam, 8 July 1963
 Nha Trang Airport (later Nha Trang Air Base), South Vietnam, 29 June 1965
 Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam, 14 July 1967
 Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam, 27 January-15 November 1972
 Howard Air Force Base, Panama, 1 December 1984 – 31 March 1999
 MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 1 January 2001 – 30 September 2019
 Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico, 30 April 2021 – present

Aircraft

 Douglas C-47 Skytrain (1943–1945)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1949–1952)
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1952–1953)
Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw (1955–1956)
 Fairchild C-123B Provider (1963–1968)
 Fairchild C-123K Provider (1967–1972)
 Fairchild UC-123B Provider (1963–1978)
 Fairchild UC-123K Provider (1968–1972)
 de Havilland Canada C-7 Caribou (1972)
Boeing C-22 (1985–1991)

Lockheed C-130 Hercules (1984–1996)
Learjet C-21 (1989–1999)
Alenia C-27A Spartan (1991–1999)
Boeing CT-43 (1992–2001)
EC-135Y (2001–2003)
Gulfstream C-37 (2001–2019)
U-28A (2021–present)

Operations
World War II
Vietnam War
Operation Just Cause

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
6th Operations Group Fact Sheet

0310
Military units and formations in New Mexico


Elkab, also spelled El-Kab or El Kab, is an Upper Egyptian site on the east bank of the Nile at the mouth of the Wadi Hillal about  south of Luxor (ancient Thebes). Elkab was called Nekheb in the Egyptian language ( , Late Coptic: ), a name that refers to Nekhbet, the goddess depicted as a white vulture. In Greek it was called Eileithyias polis, "city of the goddess Eileithyia".

Elkab consists of prehistoric and ancient Egyptian settlements, rock-cut tombs of the early Eighteenth Dynasty (1550–1295 BC), remains of temples dating from the Early Dynastic period (3100–2686 BC) to the Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC), as well as part of the walls of a Coptic monastery. This site was first scientifically excavated by James Quibell at the end of the nineteenth century, but other archaeologists have spent time at this site include Frederick William Green, Archibald Henry Sayce, Joseph John Tylor, and Somers Clarke. However, Belgian archaeologists took over the project in 1937, and it has remained in their hands since then. Much of the research done at this site took place within the town enclosure of Elkab. However, since the 1980s the work has shifted more to the north and north east of the town.

Description of site

Elkab is in Upper Egypt, located on the east side of the Nile River, almost to the opposite of Hierakonpolis (on the other side of the river) and about fifty miles above Thebes. With the way the river meandered and eroded the rocks and sand, the Nile River is almost level with the town, but according to Somers Clarke in his journal article “El-Kab and the Great Wall,” “in its early youth the town must have stood well above the flood waters.” The site could be described as a bay between sandstone cliffs to the north and south, and this same sandstone was used to build the temples found in this site.

First excavation
During Quibell's first excavation, most of the work was done in the cemetery east of the town. There Quibell found many buried skeletons, all with their heads pointing towards the north, and none of them mummified. This being the earliest cemetery at the site, pots, bead, paint slabs and mirrors were found in these burials, but no papyrus or text were found anywhere.

Ancient Nekheb

The walled settlement of Nekheb was one of the first urban centres of the Early Dynastic period, and for a short time in the New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC) it eclipsed the city of Nekhen or Hierakonpolis on the opposite bank, becoming the capital of the third nome of Upper Egypt. Its massive mudbrick walls, dating to the Late Period (747–332 BC) and thought to have been built by Nectanebo II as a defensive measure, are still largely preserved. They enclose an area of about .

Near the centre of the Nekheb are the remains of sandstone temples dedicated to the ancient Egyptian deities Nekhbet and Thoth that date primarily to the Eighteenth to Thirtieth Dynasties (1550–343 BCE), but the original foundation of the temple of Nekhbet almost certainly dates back to the late fourth millennium BC.

Necropolis
The necropolis has some important tombs, showing the early history of the Eighteenth Dynasty and the reunification of Egypt. The rock tombs of the provincial governors of Nekheb in the New Kingdom include those of Sobeknakht II an important official whose saved the Theban Sixteenth or Seventeenth Dynasty from near destruction by invading forces from the Kingdom of Kush, Ahmose, son of Ebana, an admiral in the wars of liberation against the Hyksos rulers (c. 1550 BCE), and Setau, a priest during the reign of Ramesses II (1184–1153 BCE). The style of the early Eighteenth Dynasty wall paintings anticipates that of the first New Kingdom nobles' tombs at Thebes.

Ptolemaic and Roman eras
During the Greco-Roman period, the town flourished and became known as Eileithyias polis (, ). This village may have thrived for a little while, but it seems that in 380, the city was demolished, either from military or political events. All that remains of the actual buildings are the lower parts of the walls of the houses, but luckily many of the artifacts that would have been inside the houses remained. Coins from the first to fourth century were recovered along with Demotic Greek and ostraca.

Walls
One of the discoveries at the site that Quibell questioned the most during his dig was the walls that surrounded the Serdab. However, much more research has been done since then, and according to a journal article published by the "British Museum of Ancient Egypt and Sudan", the walls date to about the 30th Dynasty, or about the 4th century BC. In 1921, an article titled "El-Kab and the Great Wall" was published in "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology", and it explained further the three different sets of walls and what they were used for. The first set of walls (the word set being used to describe a double range of walls) "encloses part of the ancient town, second a double range [encloses] the temple group, and lastly, most conspicuous of the three, the great and massive wall [cuts] across the site of the ancient town." This last wall mentioned surrounds a plot of land that had never actually been inhabited. After some time, because the movement of the Nile River towards the city had threatened to destroy the construction, the original wall around the city could no longer be useful.

The Egyptians had to construct a new wall, farther from the Nile, so that the people could continue to build their houses and live in an area safe from destruction. James Breasted also mentions these walls in an account he wrote of the site in 1897. In his article he states with admiration that, "it is the only city of remote antiquity the walls of which still stand almost intact. From the cliffs back of the town one may look down upon it, stretched out beneath one's feet, and almost see the majestic temple, surrounded by the beautiful villas of the feudal lords, whose soldiery once manned the now silent walls." He then goes on to describe these walls as sun baked brick that are laid thirty-eight feet thick, and surround an enclosure two thousand feet long and fifteen hundred feet wide.

Ancient campsites
In 1967 Pierre Vermeersch discovered a series of well-stratified Epipaleolithic campsites. Radiocarbon-dated to c.6400-5980 BC, these are the type-sites of the Elkabian microlithic industry, filling a gap in the prehistoric cultural sequence of Egypt between the Upper Paleolithic (c. 10,000 BC) and the earliest Neolithic (c. 5500 BC).

Ancient texts
Since the 1980s, even more discoveries have been made. The surrounding hills are inscribed with petroglyphs that range in time period, from Predynastic to Islamic times, not to mention hieroglyphics that also vary in date (but for the most part were written during the 6th dynasty). At first, many thought these inscriptions to be similar to modern day graffiti – random phrases written by passerby and travelers. However, once further studied, it was realized that these phrases are actually short texts that mention the inhabitants of the town. This is very interesting, because it tells us that Egyptians took note of who lived in what villages, or at least who lived in Elkab. Of course, these inscriptions are only dated from the Sixth Dynasty, but it still tells us a little bit about what they valued.

See also
List of ancient Egyptian sites

References

Bibliography

 P. Derchain and P.Vermeersch, Elkab, 2 vols (Brussels and Louvain, 1971-8).
J.E Quibell, El-Kab (London, 1898).
 by James E. Quibell (1898 account of archeological expedition)
P. Vermeersch, 'L'Elkabien.  Une nouvelle industrie epipaleolithique an Elkab en Haute Egypte, sa stratigraphic, sa typologie'. CdE 45 (1970), 45-68.
 Ian Shaw and Paul Nicholson, The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, 92-3.

Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Egypt
Archaeological sites in Egypt
Roman sites in Egypt
Former populated places in Egypt
19th-century archaeological discoveries


Brian Holmes is a professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland, where he teaches an intensive summer seminar. He has worked with the French graphics collective Ne Pas Plier (Do Not Bend) from 1999 to 2001 and the French cartography collective Bureau d'Études.

He holds a doctorate in Romance languages and literatures from the University of California at Berkeley and is the author of the book Hieroglyphs of the Future. He was the English editor of publications for Documenta X, Kassel, Germany, 1997. Holmes gives lectures widely in Europe and North and South America, and is a frequent contributor to the international mailing list Nettime, the art magazines Springerin (Austria) and Brumaria(Spain), and the interdisciplinary journal Multitudes (France).

In recent years, Holmes has been co-organizing a series of seminars with the New York City–based reading group 16 Beaver Group under the title Continental Drift, working on the issues of geopolitics and geopoetics. He maintains a blog under the same name, with the subtitle "the other side of neoliberal globalization".

References

External links

 Brian Holmes faculty profile at the European Graduate School. (Biography, bibliography, articles, and video lecture)
 Continental Drift Blog by Brian Holmes

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American contemporary art
American activists
Academic staff of European Graduate School
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Philosophers of technology


The Minnesota Channel is an American free-to-air television channel originating at Twin Cities Public Television.  It features programming related to Minnesota (and some related to Wisconsin and North Dakota), plus coverage of the Minnesota Legislature when in session.  The Minnesota Channel is carried as a digital subchannel on all six member networks of the Minnesota Public Television Association.

History
In early 2003, TPT began setting aside time on KTCI for the "Minnesota Channel", an evening dedicated to local and regional related programming, frequently produced in partnership with other nonprofit and public service organizations.  The service expanded from one to two evenings in 2004 and, on September 16, 2005, became a new full-time digital channel, tptMN (digital channel 17.2, Comcast (Saint Paul) 243, Comcast (Minneapolis) 202, and Mediacom 102).  The Minnesota Channel was expanded to region wide coverage in Minnesota and North Dakota in February 2008.  In October 2012, the Minnesota Channel changed picture formats from 4:3 to 16:9 widescreen.

Programming
Since its inception, the MN Channel has co-produced more than 250 programs with more than 100 partner organizations: non-profits, universities, governmental agencies and other public service organizations.

Among the programs broadcast on the MN Channel are several targeting ethnic communities that now call Minnesota and the Twin Cities home and who are generally under-served by commercial media.  Some of these shows are also broadcast on Public-access television cable television channels in the region:

Zona Latina (Latino)
Kev Koom Siab (Hmong)
Geetmala (Hindi)
BelAhdan (Middle Eastern)
Journey to the East (Chinese)
Vietnamese News (Vietnamese)

The network's website features information on programs and partners, plus a regularly-updated blog.

Affiliates

Minnesota
 KTCI (2.2 and 2.6) St. Paul/Minneapolis (Available in HD)
 WDSE (8.4) Duluth / WRPT (31.4) Hibbing
 KAWE (9.6) Bemidji / KAWB (22.6) Brainerd
 KWCM-TV (10.3) Appleton / KSMN (20.3) Worthington/Sioux Falls
 KSMQ-TV (15.4) Austin/Rochester

North Dakota
Prairie Public Television carries Minnesota Channel in North Dakota.

 KGFE (2.3) Grand Forks (Available in HD)
 KBME-TV (3.3) Bismarck
 KWSE (4.3) Williston
 KSRE (6.3) Minot
 KDSE (9.3) Dickinson
 KFME (13.3) Fargo
 KCGE (16.3) Crookston, MN / Grand Forks
 KJRE (19.3) Ellendale
 KMDE (25.3) Devils Lake

References

Television networks in the United States
Public Broadcasting Service
Public television in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 2003
Television in Minnesota
Television stations in North Dakota
English-language television stations in the United States


This list of University of Utah people includes notable alumni, non-graduate former students, faculty, staff, and former university presidents. The University of Utah, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, is a flagship public space-grant research university. The school is notable for having been one of the first four nodes of the ARPANET and the first node outside of California, as well as forming the first computer graphics research group.

The University of Utah offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs, and includes three professional graduate schools: the University of Utah School of Medicine, the David Eccles School of Business, and the S.J. Quinney College of Law. The enrollment for 2016 was 23,789 undergraduate and 8,071 graduate students, with 1,505 full-time faculty members and 5,230 staff.

Notable alumni

Law and government

Business

Humanities and fine arts

Life and physical sciences

Mathematics
Richard Eliot Chamberlin – geometric topologist, visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study, and Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians
 Alessio Corti – geometer at Imperial College London and winner of the London Mathematical Society Whitehead Prize
 John E. Dennis – editor-in-chief and founder of the SIAM Journal on Optimization, pioneered convergence analysis of quasi-Newton methods
 Gordana Matic – geometric topologist, C. L. E. Moore instructor at MIT, Fellow of the American Mathematical Society

Computer science

Engineering

Medicine

Media

Education

Athletics

 Sharrieff Shah –  Husband to Jen Shah, American Football Coach

Music and entertainment
 Jen Shah – Reality TV star on The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City
 Peter Breinholt – folk recording artist
 Matthew Davis – actor noted for roles in Legally Blonde and The Vampire Diaries
 Dan Farr – co-founder of Salt Lake Comic Con and technology entrepreneur
Denali Foxx, born Cordero Zuckerman – American Drag Performer, contestant on the thirteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race
Kaskade, born Ryan Raddon – DJ
 Steven Sharp Nelson – cellist, member of The Piano Guys
 Josh Rosenthal – performing singer/songwriter

Religion

Criminals
 Ted Bundy – notorious serial killer; briefly attended Utah's law school prior to his 1975 arrest and conviction for kidnapping
 Thad Roberts – former NASA intern who stole and attempted to resell the collection of Apollo program Moon rocks valued at $21 million
 Nadir Soofi – Islamic extremist who attacked officers with gunfire at the entrance to an exhibit featuring cartoon images of Muhammad at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas, on May 3, 2015.

Notable faculty

Humanities and fine arts

Life and physical sciences

Mathematics

Engineering and computer science

Medicine

Economics and political science
 Dean Baker (born 1958) - macroeconomist
 Russell W. Belk – professor of business administration and expert in art consumer and collector behavior
 Virginia Cutler – served on the White House Consumer Committee, as technical advisor in home economics education for the US International Cooperation Administration and the Point Four Program; dean of the home economics department; developed the home science program at the University of Ghana
 E. K. Hunt – Emeritus Professor of Economics; expert on political economy; author of History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective
Minqi Li – renowned political economist
 Patrick Shea – professor of political science, biology, and lawyer noted for taking on cases related to freedom of the press, represented the Massachusetts Democratic Party in seeking to gain enough information to exclude Mitt Romney from running for governor in Massachusetts, was included in Brent Jeffs's legal counsel in the sexual molestation suit against Warren Jeffs, chairman of the Utah Democratic Party, and served as national director of the Bureau of Land Management

Social and behavioral sciences
Lisa M. Diamond – developmental psychologist noted for her work in sexual orientation development, sexual identity and bonding
Ed Diener – social psychologist who pioneered the field of subjective well-being

Sports
 Greg Marsden – current coach of the women's gymnastics team coach marsden retired 2015
 Kyle Whittingham – current coach of the football team

Other
 Maud Babcock – first female member of the university's faculty
 E. Keith Eddington – artist and graphic designer
 Joseph F. Merrill – first native Utahn to receive a PhD, first principal of the College of Engineering, and creator of the LDS Institutes of Religion program
 Yehua Dennis Wei - Professor of Geography

University presidents

See also
University of Utah
University of Utah College of Engineering
University of Utah School of Medicine
David Eccles School of Business
S.J. Quinney College of Law

References

University of Utah people
University of Utah people


The 2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Democratic presidential convention took place on February 9, 2008.  The convention chose 6 delegates, all pledged to Senator Barack Obama.  Each delegate, however, only counted for half a vote at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.  The Virgin Islands' delegation also included 6 unpledged "superdelegates" not bound by the results of the convention.

Results

See also

 Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008
 United States Virgin Islands Republican caucuses, 2008

References

Virgin Islands
Democratic territorial convention
United States Virgin Islands Democratic caucuses


Daniel Machover is the head of civil litigation for Hickman & Rose Solicitors in London, UK and was the co-founder of Lawyers for Palestinian Human Rights in 1988.

Early life
According to an interview in The Independent, "Close observations of his parents' treatment at the hands of the Israeli authorities – including the strip-searching of his mother – heightened Machover's awareness of the potential for those in uniform to abuse their powers". His father, Professor Moshé Machover, was one of the founders of the Israeli socialist group Matzpen, and Daniel refers to his parents as "anti-Zionist Israelis".

Career
Machover's work with prisoners alleging brutality at Wormwood Scrubs Prison in London led to an official Prison Service report, which found that "more than 160 prison officers were involved in inflicting and covering up a regime of torture which saw savage beatings, death threats and sexual assault inflicted on inmates".

Machover represents the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, a Gaza-based NGO, which, according to Anne Herzberg, legal adviser to NGO Monitor, is "leading the lawfare strategy." He was involved in obtaining a warrant on behalf of Palestinians to arrest Israeli General Doron Almog on a visit to London for alleged war crimes, but was never acted upon by British police.

Machover was also involved in obtaining a warrant from a British court to arrest Tzipi Livni, the foreign minister of Israel, when she visited London. This action failed as Livni received a warning that she would be arrested if she entered Britain.

Machover is Chair of the Trustees of the charity Inquest, which works in the field of deaths in custody and detention in England and Wales.

References

External links
 Hickman & Rose Solicitors biography

Further reading
 NGO Monitor Monograph on Lawfare

British Jews
Year of birth missing (living people)
People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Living people
English solicitors
Place of birth missing (living people)
Jewish anti-Zionism in the United Kingdom


Suso is a carbonated fruit juice drink manufactured and sold in the UK. Founded by creative entrepreneurs Graeme Dignan, Ross Cairns and Tara Macdonald, it is made by London-based Suso Drinks Ltd, run by a team comprising former Red Bull Managing Director Harry Drnec, former General Manager of Relentless Sean Uprichard, former CEO at PJ Smoothies Andrew King, and former L'Oreal UK Sales Director Jamie Farrell.

Launched into the UK market with a £4 million marketing budget in February 2008, Suso is currently distributed to over 600 UK secondary schools and national supermarkets including Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda, Morrisons, Waitrose and Superdrug.

It comes in a 250ml can size available in a variety of flavours: Berry; Orange; Apple; Lemon; Tropical; Mango & Passion Fruit; Forest Fruits. The can is marked as supplying "One of your five-a-day", a reference to the UK government's programme to encourage people to consume five portions of fruit and/or vegetables per day.

In 2012, the brand was sold to Cott Beverages and was relaunched in January 2021 after a few years' absence with a new look.

References

External links
 Official Website

Carbonated drinks


Jimmy Quinlan (born December 2, 1981 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a retired lacrosse player and current head coach for the Saskatchewan Rush in the National Lacrosse League and 3 time NLL champion. He has a 9-8 record as coach of the Rush

Professional career
Quinlan was acquired by the Edmonton Rush after playing his rookie season with the 2005 Champion's Cup Toronto Rock.  Quinlan was named Transition Player of the Week for his 5-point effort in week 6 of the 2008 NLL season.

Quinlan played with the Coquitlam Adanacs from 2003 to 2006, prior to joining the Sherwood Park Outlaws of the Rocky Mountain Lacrosse League to capture the Presidents Cup in 2007.

Quinlan retired as a player after the 2013 season as the last original player from season 1 of the Edmonton Rush and became the defensive coach for the Edmonton Rush.

On January 17, 2013, the Edmonton Rush Honored Jimmy by retiring his number 81 to the rafters of Rexall Place, joining the ranks of NHL Mark Messier, Wayne Gretzky, Paul Coffey, Jari Kurri, Al Hamilton, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Edmonton Oilers Play By Play Announcer Rod Philips. Demotix.com

He has the only Edmonton Rush number retired.

His career spanned 9 seasons (Toronto Rock and Edmonton Rush), 108 games and only missing 1 game in that time.

Career stats
Games Played
Regular Season  135
Playoff 7
All Star 2

Points 234 Career
Goals 108
Assists 126

PIMs 237

Other than playing in the NLL, Quinlan is a grade 7 and 9 mathematics teacher at Vimy Ridge Academy in Edmonton, Alberta.

Quinlan is now a Defensive Coach with the 2014 Edmonton Rush

He had his jersey number 81 retired by the Edmonton Rush during the 2014 season.

Statistics

NLL

References

1981 births
Canadian lacrosse players
Edmonton Rush players
Living people
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Toronto Rock players


Guy de Montfort (died 31 January 1228) was the younger son of Simon de Montfort and Amicia, sister of Robert FitzPernel, Earl of Leicester.

Crusade
In 1189 he took part in the Third Crusade, and probably remained in the Holy Land until 1192, when Richard the Lionheart returned home. By 1200 or 1201 Guy was acting with his elder brother Simon. By 1202 he held the lordships of Ferté-Alais, Castres-en-Albigeois, and Brétencourt. In that year he and his brother Simon left on the Fourth Crusade, but they disagreed with the Siege of Zara (an attack on a Christian city), and refused to take part in the plan to restore Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelus in return for Byzantine money and troops.

They deserted to Emeric, King of Hungary, and eventually the two continued on to Palestine. After arriving at Jaffa, they took part in King Amalric II of Jerusalem's expedition into Galilee. Amalric rewarded Guy's service by arranging his marriage to la dame de Saete (the lady of Sagette), Helvis of Ibelin, the widow of Reginald, Lord of Sidon (which the French called Saete/Sagette). He exercised the regency of Sidon on behalf of his minor stepson Balian until 1210, probably when Balian came of age. Guy then assisted at the coronation of John of Brienne as King of Jerusalem that year.

Albigensian Crusade
Guy later returned home and took part in the Albigensian Crusade led by his brother, Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester. In 1212 they led an unsuccessful siege against Montségur, and in 1213 they participated in the Battle of Muret. They also besieged Beaucaire in 1216. Simon was aiding Guy, who had been injured by a crossbow bolt, at the Siege of Toulouse on 25 June 1218 when he was struck in the head by a stone from a mangonel and killed. The death of Simon and the incompetence of his son Amaury de Montfort invigorated the Albigensian lords.

In 1224 Amaury ceded all his territory to Louis VIII of France, who soon arrived to stake his claim. Guy assisted him at the Siege of Avignon, after which Louis died on the way home. Later in the Crusade, Guy himself was killed in battle at Varilhes near Pamiers in 1228. He was taken to the abbey of Haute-Bruyère for burial and the necrology there records a conte Gui de Sagette (count Guy of Sidon).

Marriage
By his first wife, Helvis of Ibelin he had;
 Philip Ι, who stayed in the Holy Land and became Lord of Tyre.
 Pernelle, who became a nun at the abbey of Saint-Antoine des Champs in Paris.

Guy remarried to Briende de Beynes, the widow of Lambert de Thury, lord of Lombers.

With Briende he had;
 Alicia, became a nun at Port-Royal
 Agnes, became a nun at Port-Royal
 Guy II of Montfort, died on crusade in 1254.

Notes

References
 The Encyclopædia Britannica:, Vol.18, Ed. Hugh Chisholm, 1911.

1228 deaths
Christians of the Third Crusade
Christians of the Fourth Crusade
People of the Albigensian Crusade
Guy
12th-century births


Wolfe Laboratories, Inc. (WLI) was a contract research organization (CRO) headquartered in Woburn, Massachusetts. It provided research and development services as well as GLP analytical services for products in late discovery phase through early clinical phases of drug development. It served clients in New England, the US and internationally.  Laboratory operations took place in a large  facility.

Wolfe Laboratories, LLC was acquired by Pace Analytical in 2017, and is now recognized as Pace Analytical Life Sciences, LLC.

Background

The company was founded by Dr. Janet Wolfe in 1999.  Prior to starting WLI, Dr. Wolfe was on the faculty of the University of Tennessee in Memphis, where she was a professor in the Pharmaceutical Chemistry department.  Dr. Wolfe perceived an unmet need in the growing pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for analytical method development and formulation services. She founded the company in the Boston area, known for its biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

The company is part of a growing outsourcing trend that is affecting the drug development industry, particularly in the Boston area.  WLI performs pre-formulation and formulation work, consulting, pharmacokinetics support, in-vitro ADME screens, analytical characterization of API, stability testing and other contract research.  It contracts with various companies ranging from early biotechnology startups to established pharmaceutical companies. WLI also offers GLP-compliant services.

WLI was selected as one of the "Top 100 Woman-Led Business in Massachusetts" in 2006.  Conducted by the Commonwealth Institute and Center for Woman's Leadership at Babson College, the top 100 businesses were identified based on company revenue.

Role
WLI works in the development of drugs between discovery research and clinical trials.  This stage of the drug development process was highlighted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the initial part of the "critical path".  WLI is unusual among the independent CRO's in that it houses both the formulation (pharmaceutical formulations) development and the in-vitro ADME/PK laboratories.

As late as the 1990s, inadequate appreciation for the translational phase of development led to investment in drug candidates with poor or unsuitable physicochemical and ADME properties.  In clinical trials, 30 – 40% of drug candidates failed because of unacceptable "drug-like" properties.  The company helps clients investigate physicochemical properties that are frequently responsible for the failure of drug candidates, along with poor aqueous solubility and poor aqueous stability.  WLI also identifies and addresses various issues affecting the safety of a drug for human consumption, such as ADME characteristics like inadequate bioavailability, interference (activation or inhibition) with the Cytochrome P450 complex and unsuitable clearance profiles.

Solubility
Most drug delivery relies on compatibility with the aqueous environment of the body.  WLI specializes in rescuing and optimizing difficult drug candidates so that the product may be suitable for animal and human delivery.  WLI specializes in complex cases where excipients must be used to make compounds soluble, a necessary step for clients to advance their products to in vivo trials.

External links
Wolfe Laboratories
Facility
GLP Services

References

American companies established in 1999
Companies based in Massachusetts
Contract research organizations
Watertown, Massachusetts


The Finger Lakes AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Upstate New York, south of Lake Ontario. It was established in 1982 and encompasses the eleven Finger Lakes, but the area around Canandaigua, Keuka, Seneca, and Cayuga Lakes contain the vast majority of vineyard plantings in the AVA. Cayuga and Seneca Lakes each have their own American Viticultural Areas completely contained within the Finger Lakes AVA (Cayuga Lake AVA and Seneca Lake AVA).  The Finger Lakes AVA includes  of vineyards and is the largest wine-producing region in New York State.

Climate

The Finger Lakes AVA wine region is often compared to the German wine regions along the Rhine river. Riesling, one of the most important commercial  wine grape varieties grown in Germany, is also one of the most successful grape varieties grown in the Finger Lakes AVA.  Viticulturists in the Finger Lakes region grow a wide variety of grapes besides Riesling, including other European Vitis vinifera grapes, native American grapes, as well as French-American hybrid varieties.

The deep lakes in the region help to moderate the local microclimate.  Stored heat is released from the deep lakes during the winter, keeping the local climate mild relative to surrounding areas and preventing early season frost. Most vineyards are planted on steep hillsides overlooking the lakes, which help provide the vines with good drainage, better sun exposure, and a reduced risk of frost.

The region averages over  of precipitation a year.  The soil in the region is generally deep, providing good drainage,  however there are some areas, such as on the west side of Seneca Lake, where the bedrock is close to the surface. The region is located in hardiness zones 6a and 5b.

History

The first record of wine making in the Finger Lakes is in 1829, when William Warner Bostwick, an Episcopal minister in Hammondsport, planted Vitis labrusca shoots in his rectory garden.  Commercial viticulture officially began in 1862, when the Hammondsport and Pleasant Valley Wine Companies were founded. Two more companies were formed three years later. The region became famous for its sparkling wines, with the Pleasant Valley Wine Company winning European awards in 1867 and 1873. These successes spurred growth in commercial plantings in the area, and by the end of the century there was  planted.

A number of factors, including phylloxera, competition from California, and prohibition, combined to cause a decline in commercial viticulture production in the early 20th century.  Production resumed on a smaller scale after Prohibition was repealed.  After World War II, soldiers returning from Europe had developed a taste for drier wines from Vitis vinifera varieties, as opposed to the sweeter wines produced from native American grape varieties.  Unlike in California, winemakers in the Finger Lakes were unable to grow Vitis vinifera in the harsh winters. They experimented with French-American hybrid varieties with limited success.

A major change in Finger Lakes viticulture occurred when Dr. Konstantin Frank, a Ukrainian immigrant with a PhD in Plant Science, came to work for the Cornell University Geneva Experiment station in 1951. Commercial growers and researchers at the Geneva Experiment Station were convinced that European Vitis vinifera varieties could not grow in the cold Finger Lakes climate. After years of planting Vitis vinifera in the colder climate of the Ukraine, Dr. Frank was sure that it could be grown in the Finger Lakes if grafted onto the proper, cold-hardy native rootstock.  He proved this in 1962 when he started Vinifera Wine Cellars, in Hammondsport.  Dr. Frank successfully grew and produced wine from Vitis vinifera grapes such as Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Gewürztraminer, and Cabernet Sauvignon, grafted onto native rootstock.  Plantings of Vitis vinifera varieties spread throughout the region, reinvigorating the Finger Lakes wine region's growth and popularity.

As of 2008, there are nearly one hundred wineries in operation in the Finger Lakes AVA.

As of 2020 the Finger Lakes wine region is at risk due to the arrival of the spotted lanternfly from neighboring states. New York’s annual yield from orchards and vineyards has a value of $358.4 million, which could be devastated if the spotted lanternfly is not contained. Control measures, trapping and research are being conducted in high-risk areas of the state. Inspections of transport and plant material is occurring to prevent spread of populations. The DEC has put into place protective zones in areas in close contact with neighboring quarantine areas of other states. The DEC also encourages the public to be on the look out for the spotted lanternfly.

References

External links
Survey of Finger Lakes Rieslings
 Finger Lakes Wine Country
 Winemaker interview touching upon viticultural specifics of the region

American Viticultural Areas of New York (state)
New York (state) wine
1862 establishments in New York (state)
Finger Lakes


The 2008 Maine Democratic presidential caucuses took place on February 10, 2008, and had 24 delegates at stake. The winner in each of Maine's two congressional districts received all of that district's total delegates, which totaled 16. Another eight delegates were awarded to the statewide winner, Barack Obama, at the Maine Democratic Party Statewide Convention on May 31, 2008. These 24 delegates represented Maine at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. Another 10 unpledged delegates, known as superdelegates, also attended the convention and cast their votes as well.

Although Maine technically sent 24 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention, John Knutson, the superdelegate Chairman of the Maine Democratic Party, had pledged to support whoever won the majority of the vote, making the total number of pledged delegates effectively 25.

Process

The Maine Democratic Caucus was a closed caucus open to all Democratic voters. New voters and nonpartisan voters could register as Democrats at the door, while members of other parties must have changed their party registration by January 26, 2008. In addition, absentee ballots were permitted for the disabled and those in the military who could not personally attend.

At the caucus, participants gathered in groups among presidential preference. Unlike most other caucuses, there was no 15-percent minimum threshold, as long as a candidate had enough votes to elect a whole delegate after rounding. Re-caucusing after the first preference groups was divided was permitted among all participants. After dividing presidential delegates, voters were elected to be delegates to the Maine Democratic Party State Convention on May 31, 2008, pledged but not bound to their candidate. Only state delegates are reported by the party. At the state level, delegates were selected for the Democratic National Convention; these delegates were bound.

Polls

Results

Municipal Caucus Results
Caucus Date: February 10, 2008

National Pledged Delegates Determined: 0 (of 24)

State Convention Results
Caucus Date: May 31, 2008
National Pledged Delegates Determined: 24 (of 24)

See also
 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
 2008 Maine Republican presidential caucuses

References

Maine
Democratic presidential caucuses
2008


Joseph Johnston Lee (1876–1949) was a Scottish journalist, artist and poet, who chronicled life in the trenches and as a prisoner of war during World War I. He is also remembered for his dispute with then poet laureate Robert Bridges over the literary value of Robert Burns' work. He has been described as "Scotland's 'Forgotten' War Poet", as well as "Dundee's forgotten war poet."

Biography

Early life and career

Born in Dundee, in 1876 Joseph Johnston Lee was the grandson of Sergeant David Lee, who had fought in the Napoleonic Wars, and was one of nine siblings. Lee began his working life at the age of 14. After a spell of employment in the office of a local solicitor, he went to sea as a steamship's stoker.

While working in Dundee had taken art classes at the local YMCA and by 1904 was working as an artist in London drawing cartoons for the Tariff Reform League, and subsequently became a newspaper artist. While in London he also studied at Heatherley's School of Fine Art. He returned to Dundee in 1906 and started to write for, produce and edit several local periodicals, most notably The City Echo and The Piper O' Dundee. In 1909 he founded and edited The Tocsin a monthly periodical which promoted the labour movement in Dundee and included contributions from Dundee's Labour MP Alexander Wilkie. This publication won praise from leading figures in the Labour Party including Keir Hardie and Philip Snowden, but folded after less than a year. These works also featured many illustrations by Lee, sometimes produced under the pseudonym 'Crowquill', such as cartoons of the then Dundee MP Winston Churchill.

In 1909 he gained employment with the Dundee newspaper and periodical publishers John Leng & Co. He was soon a regular contributor of poetry to their weekly newspaper The People's Journal, a publication which he would go on to edit. He published his first book of poems, Tales o’ Our Town, in 1910. In April 1914 his play Fra Lippo Lippi, Painter of Florence was produced and performed by students of the Dundee Technical College and School of Art. This was Lee's second theatrical work after a one-act play called The Song: An Episode from Bohemia, which was performed in Dundee in 1913.

Matthew Jarron notes that Lee was also in demand as an illustrator, with his drawings featuring in books including Dundee from the Tramcars (1908) and Lochee as It Was and as It Is (1911) as well as in his own Tales o’ Our Town.

World War One
Although he was aged almost 40 when World War I began, Lee enlisted in the 4th Battalion of the Black Watch, which was the territorial battalion for Dundee, in 1914 and eventually rose to the rank of Sergeant. He and eight other Dundee journalists who joined the battalion were dubbed 'Fighter-Writers'. Lee's enlistment was despite his age, health problems (he was suffering from asthma) and the fact many of his associates in the labour movement in Dundee strongly opposed the war. Caroline Brown, Matthew Jarron and Kenneth Baxter, have noted that it is possible Lee was inspired by the fact his grandfather had fought at Waterloo (Lee wrote a poem about this in 1915), or was swept up in a wave of patriotism which swept Dundee at this time. However, as they note, whatever his reasons were, it is unlikely he realised his involvement in the War would prove to be the key point of his literary career.

The 4th Black Watch were sent to France in 1915, and in that year took part in the battles of Aubers Ridge, Neuve Chapelle and Loos. During his time fighting, Lee sent sketches and poems back home to Scotland and became known as 'the Black Watch Poet'. These poems were eventually collected in two books of poetry, Ballads of Battle and Work-a-Day Warriors. In 1917 he gained a commission as a second lieutenant in the 10th Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps. Later that year he was reported to be missing in action. In fact Lee had been captured and became a prisoner of war in Germany where he was held at camps at Karlsruhe and Beeskow. During his imprisonment, Lee kept journals in which he included sketches and other material. These journals were adapted into A Captive in Carlsruhe, a book which chronicled his time as a POW published in 1920.

Later life
In 1924 Lee married Miss Dorothy Barrie, who was a well-known viola player. The couple settled in Epsom and Lee became sub-editor on the News Chronicle. He also studied at the Slade School of Art during this period. From 1940 to 1944 he was a member of the Home Guard. He returned to Dundee in 1944, and died there in 1949.

Music

Some of Lee's poems have been set to music. A musical score to accompany poems from 'Ballads of Battle' which had been set to music by Dundee musician J. F. Heyde (real name James H Foote) was published in 1916. This was followed in 1917 by 'Songs from Somewhere (5 further Ballads of Battle)' which was also set to a score by Heyde. A new musical version of Lee's poem 'The Listening Post', to a setting by Dallahan, was performed for the first time at a national commemorative event held in Dundee in 2015 to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Loos.

Reputation as a poet

Lee's war poetry was widely praised when it was published during the Great War. His poem The Green Grass was acclaimed by John Buchan as one of the best war poems he had read. In 1918 the New York Times described his work as 'rather widely quoted'. Lee's reputation as a war poet once ranked alongside those of Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon and Rupert Brooke. However, as the works of Owen and Sassoon grew in popularity, Lee's fame waned, and his poetry became neglected.

Lee's biographer Bob Burrows suggests that one reason why Lee's poetry failed to achieve the lasting recognition of that of his more famous contemporaries was because he did not have the backing of an influential supporter. He also notes that Lee came through the War relatively unscathed and returned to his old work as a journalist after his release from captivity in Germany. Burrows also suggests that Lee had no ambition to be a great literary figure and thus did little to push his work. In addition he puts forward the view that Lee's working class origins would have made it difficult for his work to achieve widespread acclaim.

Keith Williams notes that Lee's work is difficult to categorise as he was not explicitly anti-war, but nor was he 'a naive patriot'.  He argues this is a key factor in explaining why Lee's poetry came to disappear from the 'post-Great War canon'.

Reputation as an artist

Jarron argues that Lee was the artist who dominated Dundee's newspapers and magazines before the Great War. He also highlights the importance of Lee's war illustrations, drawn at the front and published with his poems, contenting that they were 'a major part of... [Ballads of Battle's] powerful sense of authenticity'. In 1915 Lee's art works were the subject of a full-page section in the People's Journal entitled "'Dundee's Own' Artist at the Front". During the War some of his sketches which were sent home were exhibited in the Albert Institute (now the McManus Galleries) in Dundee.

When in London after the First World War Lee is known to have sketched many famous figures that he encountered including Edward Elgar, Max Beerbohm and Edith Sitwell.

Legacy

Joseph Lee's papers are now held by Archive Services at the University of Dundee. They include Lee's correspondence with Robert Bridges as well as material relating to his time as a prisoner of war. The collection also features copies of Lee's publications and material relating to them, including a letter from Keir Hardie. Over 250 of Lee's drawings (including ones sketched while a prisoner of war in Germany) are held by the University of Dundee Museum Services. An exhibition devoted to Lee was held at the University of Dundee in 2005 and was opened by his great niece. In 2011 materials from Lee's papers, including extracts from the diary he wrote during his spell as a prisoner of war, were featured in an exhibition held by Archive Services to mark Remembrance Day. Another major exhibition of Lee's work was held in the University from August to November 2016.

A biography of Lee, by Bob Burrows, was published in 2004.

The University of Dundee holds a 1921 portrait of Lee by Henry Young Alison and a 1913 lithograph portrait by Stewart Carmichael.  Another portrait of Lee, by David Foggie is held by the Dundee Art Galleries and Museums Collection.

Publications
Lee's first major collection of poetry, Tales o’ Our Town (Dundee: George Montgomery, 1910), features around sixty poems, most of which relate to people, places and events in his native Dundee. The volume also contains illustrations drawn by Lee.
His first collection of war poetry, Ballads of Battle (London: John Murray, 1916), contains 38 poems and 17 illustrations drawn by Lee.
Work-A-Day Warriors (London: John Murray, 1917) contains 39 poems, including four which had previously been published in The Spectator and one, "The Carrion Crow", which had earlier been published in The Nation. As with his earlier works, this volume also contains drawings by Lee. The New York Times regretted Lee's choice of title for this volume, as it felt it failed "to convey the real depth of Mr. Lee’s work".
A Captive at Carlsruhe and other German prison camps (London: John Lane, 1920) is the published account of Lee's time as a prisoner of war and is based on the journals he kept while a prisoner of war.
A new volume of Lee's War poetry was launched at the University of Dundee in October 2014.

References

External links

 Archive Services, University of Dundee.
 Joseph Johnson Lee page at Archive Services
 University of Dundee Archive Services video on Lee's cartoons of Winston Churchill

1876 births
1949 deaths
Military personnel from Dundee
Black Watch soldiers
British Army personnel of World War I
World War I prisoners of war held by Germany
Poets from Dundee
Scottish World War I poets
20th-century British male writers
20th-century British journalists
Scottish male poets
British World War I prisoners of war
Journalists from Dundee
Artists from Dundee
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
20th-century Scottish poets
British Home Guard soldiers


The Non-Importation Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 18, 1806, forbid any kind of import of certain British goods in an attempt to coerce Britain to suspend its impressment of American sailors and to respect American sovereignty and neutrality. The Act was the first in a series of ineffective attempts of Congress and the administrations of President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to respond economically, instead of militarily, to these British actions and to other consequences of the Napoleonic Wars. The Act was part of the chain of events leading to the War of 1812.

Background
During the Napoleonic Wars, British and to a lesser extent French interference with American shipping motivated Congress to action. As the United States was far weaker than either belligerent, economic warfare alternatives to military action were explored as possible means of leverage. Some in Congress favored full embargo, while other wanted more limited measures. After three months of debate, those calling for limited measures initially prevailed. Taking effect on November 15, 1806, the Act aimed to threaten Britain's prosperity by impeding trade, with an ultimate aim of motivating Britain to cease interfering with American shipping, which would relieve the United States of the self-inflicted consequences of enforcement.

Banned items
The following items were banned under the Non-Importation Act of 1806:
All articles of which leather, silk, hemp, flax, tin (except in sheets), or brass was the material of chief value
All woolen clothes whose invoice prices shall exceed 5/- sterling per square yard
Woolen hosiery of all kinds
Window, glass and glassware
Silver and plated goods
Paper
Nails
Spikes
Hats
Ready-made clothing
Playing cards
Beer, ale and porter
Pictures and prints

The penalties for infraction were a loss of the goods and a fine of three times their value.

Weakness
Dissident Congressman John Randolph described the law as "a milk-and-water bill, a dose of chicken-broth to be taken nine months hence". The list of banned British goods excluded those most important to trade. These items included cheap woolens, coal, iron, steel, and British colonial produce, all goods deemed too vital to embargo.

Enforcement
Britain did not change its policies or actions. Public protest soon forced the Act's suspension. President Jefferson was given the power to suspend it longer, and again did in March 1807.

Gallatin's contributions
Congress asked Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin for advice. Gallatin complained that the bill was badly worded and lacked specificity. For instance, many accepted imported items come wrapped in paper, which was forbidden. Some banned materials, like silver, were used to create permitted goods, like watches. Gallatin felt the Act would raise more questions than it answered, and suggested an embargo could be administered more effectively.

Congress eventually responded to Gallatin's advice by passing a more prohibitive Act, the Embargo Act of 1807, as customs inspectors were noticing that other countries' ships were evading the law by delivering banned goods.

Replacement Acts
The Embargo Act of 1807 would prove to damage the American economy severely. It in turn was superseded by the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 and subsequently Macon's Bill Number 2. All were clearly ineffective. Eventually the War of 1812 interrupted economic growth, mooting American economic warfare attempts.

See also
Embargo Act of 1807
Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Macon's Bill Number 2
Origins of the War of 1812
Nonconsumption agreements

Notes

References
 Embargo Act of 1807 at Bartleby.com
 Heaton, Herbert. "Non-Importation, 1806-1812" The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 1, No. 2 Nov. 1941. Published by: Cambridge University Press of behalf of the Economic History Association. pp. 178–198.

1806 in American law
9th United States Congress
United States federal trade legislation


Lapko is a Finnish alternative rock band from Harjavalta, formed in 1996. Lapko is notable for its popularity in Finland, with "radio play, explosive concerts, and voluminous critical accolades" even before releasing its debut on a well-known label, according to Allmusic.

Their first EP, Your Special K.O. (2003) was self-released. Their debut album The Arms (2004) was released by Jukeboss, but then they were signed to Fullsteam Records and albums Scandal (2006) and Young Desire (2007) saw them gain fame in Finland, reaching the national albums chart.

Members

Ville Malja – vocals, guitar
Anssi Nordberg – bass guitar
Janne Heikkonen – guitar
Jussi Matikainen - drums

Discography

Albums

 The Arms (2004)
 Scandal (2006)
 Young Desire (2007)
 A New Bohemia (2010)
 ΓΟΛΕ (2012)
 Freedom (2015)

EPs

 Your Special K.O. (2003)
 Horse And Crow (2011)

Singles

 "Stacy" (2004)
 "All the Best Girls" (2006)
 "Barrel of the Past" (2006)
 "Killer Whales" (2007)
 "Hugging the Phone" (2007)
 "I Shot the Sheriff" (2009)
 "Summer Nights" (2010)
 "Love Is Sick And Wrong" (2012)
 "River Venom" (2012)
 "Money for Nothing" (2015)

External links
Official site
[ Lapko] at Allmusic.

Finnish musical groups
Finnish alternative rock groups


Camillo dei Principi Ruspoli (10 January 1882 – 5 September 1949), was the 2nd and last Principe di Candriano and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, son of Emanuele Ruspoli, 1st Prince of Poggio Suasa, and second wife Laura Caracciolo dei Principi di Torella, Duchi di Lavello, Marchesi di Bella.

His maternal uncle, Giuseppe Caracciolo (1849 – 1920), Patrizio Napolitano, married twice and without issue, was the 1st Prince of Candriano (formerly Marquis of Candriano) (12 May 1893 – 1 October 1920).

Marriage and child
In Rome, on 29 April 1905, he married Baronne Marie Marguerite Blanc (daughter of French Baron Albert Blanc and wife Natalia Terry y Dorticós) (Madrid, 7 May 1884 – 22 November 1961), by whom he had an only son:

 Don Emanuele Alberto dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, 24 February 1906 – Paris, 31 August 1929), unmarried and without issue.

Notable published works
He composed the ballet fantasy Festival of the Gnomes (which was orchestrated, conducted and recorded by Les Baxter in 1951).

Ancestry

See also
 Ruspoli

References

External links
 Camillo Ruspoli on a genealogical site (incomplete).

1882 births
1949 deaths
Nobility from Rome
Camillo


Kingdom of the Night is the debut album by Axxis, released in 1989.

Track listing
All songs by Bernard Weiss and Walter Pietsch

 "Living in a World" - 3:53
 "Kingdom of the Night" - 3:50
 "Never Say Never" - 3:41
 "Fire and Ice" - 4:00
 "Young Souls" - 3:16
 "Singing for a Song" - 4:03
 "Love Is Like an Ocean" - 3:24
 "The Moon" - 3:40
 "Tears of the Trees" - 4:10
 "Just One Night" - 3:13
 "Kings Made of Steel" - 3:32
 "Living in a World (Extended Version)" - 5:08

Personnel
Bernhard Weiss – vocals, guitars
Walter Pietsch – vocals, guitars
Tobias Becker – keyboards
Werner Kleinhans – bass
Richard Michalski – drums, backing vocals

With additional vocals by Ava Cimiotti and Frank Pieper.

References

External links
Official website

1989 debut albums
Axxis albums
EMI Records albums


The 2008 Houston Texans season was the franchise's 7th season in the National Football League (NFL) and the 3rd under head coach Gary Kubiak. Though the Texans lost their first four games of the season, they rallied and won five of their last six games, to finish with an 8–8 record for the second consecutive year.

The 2008 season also marked the Texans' first appearance on Monday Night Football.

Offseason

Coaching changes
Head coach Gary Kubiak entered his third year with the Texans. Alex Gibbs, who implemented his successful zone blocking scheme with the Denver Broncos and the Atlanta Falcons joined the staff as the assistant head coach, replacing Mike Sherman, who left to become the head coach at Texas A&M. Kyle Shanahan, son of Broncos coach Mike Shanahan, took over as the offensive coordinator in place of Sherman.

Player additions/subtractions
Additions:
LB Kevin Bentley
RB Chris Brown
SS Nick Ferguson
QB Quinn Gray (Released before regular season)
C Chris Myers
CB Jacques Reeves
LB Chaun Thompson
LB Rosevelt Colvin (Released before regular season)

Subtractions:
 LB Charlie Anderson
 SS Michael Boulware
 LB Danny Clark
 DB Von Hutchins
 WR Jerome Mathis
 TE Jeb Putzier
 C Mike Flanagan
 C Steve McKinney
 LB Shawn Barber
 OT Jordan Black

Draft

The Texans had seven selections in the 2008 NFL Draft. The Texans originally had five before the draft after having traded their second round selection to the Atlanta Falcons to land quarterback Matt Schaub and their sixth-round pick to the Denver Broncos for center Chris Myers. The Texans traded their first-round pick with the Baltimore Ravens for their third and sixth-round selections along with their first-round pick.

Staff

Roster

Schedule

Preseason

Regular season

Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

Standings

Regular season results

Week 1: at Pittsburgh Steelers

The Texans began their 2008 campaign on the road against the Pittsburgh Steelers.  In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Steelers RB Willie Parker got a 7-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Texans continued to trail as Parker got a 13-yard TD run, while QB Ben Roethlisberger completed a 13-yard TD pass to WR Hines Ward.  Houston ended the half with kicker Kris Brown getting a 34-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Texans continued to trail as Parker got a 4-yard TD run, while Roethlisberger and Ward hooked up with each other again on a 16-yard TD pass.  In the fourth quarter, Houston replied with QB Matt Schaub completing a 14-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter.  Pittsburgh responded with kicker Jeff Reed nailing a 44-yard field goal.  The Texans closed out the scoring with a game with a 4-yard TD run by Schaub.

With the loss, Houston began its season at 0–1.

Week 2: Bye Week
The Texans were originally scheduled to play the Baltimore Ravens in Week 2, but due to structural damage to Reliant Stadium by Hurricane Ike, the game was postponed until Week 10.  This allowed both Houston and Baltimore to take their bye week.

Week 3: at Tennessee Titans

Coming off their unexpected bye week, the Texans flew to LP Field for a Week 3 AFC South duel with the Tennessee Titans.  In the first quarter, Houston struck first with kicker Kris Brown getting a 44-yard field goal.  The Titans responded with RB LenDale White getting a 2-yard TD run.  The Texans answered with Brown kicking a 24-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Tennessee increased its lead with QB Kerry Collins completing a 9-yard TD pass to TE Bo Scaife.  The Texans answered with rookie RB Steve Slaton getting a 6-yard TD run, but the PAT failed.  The Titans closed out the first half scoring with White's 1-yard TD run.

In the third quarter, Tennessee added onto its lead with kicker Rob Bironas nailing a 44-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Titans sealed the win with CB Cortland Finnegan returning an interception 99 yards for a touchdown.

With the loss, Houston fell to 0–2.

Week 4: at Jacksonville Jaguars

Still searching for their first win of the year, the Texans flew to Jacksonville Municipal Stadium for a Week 4 AFC South duel with the Jacksonville Jaguars.  In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Jaguars FB Montell Owens took a fake punt and ran 41 yards for a touchdown.  The Texans got on the board with kicker Kris Brown getting a 27-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Houston took the lead as QB Matt Schaub completed a 30-yard TD pass to rookie RB Steve Slaton.  Jacksonville ended the half with kicker Josh Scobee getting a 46-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Jaguars retook the lead with QB David Garrard completing a 16-yard TD pass to WR Matt Jones.  The Texans tied the game with Schaub completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter.  In the fourth quarter, Jacksonville responded with Scobee's 40-yard field goal.  Houston retook the lead with Schaub hooking up with Walter again on an 8-yard TD pass.  However, the Jaguars got the lead again as Garrard got a 5-yard TD run.  The Texans tied game on Brown's 47-yard field goal.  However, in overtime, Jacksonville sealed Houston's fate as Scobee nailed the game-winning 37-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Texans fell to 0–3.

Week 5: vs. Indianapolis Colts

Hoping to rebound from their divisional road loss to the Jaguars, the Texans finally got to play their home opener as they played a Week 5 AFC South duel with the Indianapolis Colts.  Due to an illness, QB Matt Schaub was unable to play, allowing backup QB Sage Rosenfels to get the start.

In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Colts kicker Adam Vinatieri got a 46-yard field goal, along with RB Joseph Addai getting a 1-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Texans responded with rookie RB Steve Slaton getting a 1-yard TD run, kicker Kris Brown getting a 37-yard field goal, and Rosenfels completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR Andre Johnson.  In the third quarter, Houston increased its lead with Brown nailing a 43-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Texans continued its run with Slaton getting a 1-yard TD run, expanding their lead to 17 points.  What followed went into the NFL history books, as Sage Rosenfels fumbled twice and threw two interceptions to blow the biggest lead inside of 5 minutes in NFL history. The key play was known as the 'Rosencopter' play, when on third-and-eight, Rosenfels opted to try to hurdle a defender rather than sliding short of the first down. Gary Brackett recovered the fumble for a 58-yard touchdown, and Rosenfels was never the same afterwards, turning the ball over twice more. With the disappointing loss, Houston fell to 0–4.

Week 6: vs. Miami Dolphins

Coming off a heartbreaking home loss to the Colts, the Texans stayed at home for a Week 6 duel with the Miami Dolphins.  In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Dolphins QB Chad Pennington completed a 53-yard TD pass to RB Patrick Cobbs.  The Texans responded with kicker Kris Brown getting a 27-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Miami added onto its lead as Pennington completed an 80-yard TD pass to Cobbs.  Houston answered with Brown kicking a 33-yard field goal and WR Jacoby Jones returning a punt 70 yards for a touchdown.

In the third quarter, the Texans took the lead with QB Matt Schaub completing a 12-yar TD pass to WR Andre Johnson, but the Dolphins replied with RB Ricky Williams getting a 5-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, Houston regained the lead as Brown got a 42-yard field goal, yet Miami struck back RB Ronnie Brown got a 6-yard TD run.  The Texans got the last laugh as Schaub got the game-winning 3-yard TD run (with a failed 2-point conversion).

With the thrilling win, Houston won its first game of the season and improved to 1–4.

Week 7: vs. Detroit Lions

Coming off their last-second win over the Dolphins, the Texans continued their home stand with a Week 7 interconference duel with the winless Detroit Lions.  In the first quarter, Houston drew first blood as QB Matt Schaub completed a 2-yard TD pass to TE Owen Daniels, along with RB Ahman Green getting a 1-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Texans increased their lead as rookie RB Steve Slaton got a 1-yard TD run.  The Lions responded with kicker Jason Hanson getting a 54-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Detroit tried to catch up as RB Kevin Smith got a 26-yard TD run.  Houston answered with Schaub hooking up with Daniels again on a 1-yard TD pass.  In the fourth quarter, the Lions tried to rally as QB Dan Orlovsky completed a 96-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson, along with Hanson nailing a 54-yard field goal.  The Texans' defense stiffened for the victory.

With the win, Houston improved to 2–4.

Week 8: vs. Cincinnati Bengals

Coming off their win over the Lions, the Texans closed out their four-game home stand against the winless Cincinnati Bengals. In the first quarter, Houston drew first blood as WR Jacoby Jones returned a punt 73 yards for a touchdown.  The Bengals responded with kicker Shayne Graham getting a 43-yard field goal.  The Texans increased their lead as QB Matt Schaub completed a 6-yard TD pass to WR David Anderson.  Cincinnati closed out the half as Graham nailed a 32-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Houston began to pull away as Schaub completed a 7-yard and a 39-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter.  In the fourth quarter, the Texans closed out their home stand in style with rookie RB Steve Slaton getting a 20-yard TD run.

With the win, not only did Houston improve to 3–4, but they won three straight games for the first time in franchise history.

Week 9: at Minnesota Vikings

Coming off their home win over the Bengals, the Texans flew to the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome for a Week 9 interconference duel with the Minnesota Vikings.  In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Vikings RB Adrian Peterson got a 1-yard TD run.  The Texans responded with CB Jacques Reeves returning an interception 44 yards for a touchdown.  In the second quarter, Minnesota answered with QB Gus Frerotte completing an 8-yard TD pass to WR Sidney Rice and a 49-yard TD pass to WR Bernard Berrian.

In the third quarter, Houston tried to rally as QB Sage Rosenfels completed a 3-yard TD pass to WR David Anderson.  In the fourth quarter, the Vikings replied with Frerotte completing a 25-yard TD pass to TE Visanthe Shiancoe.  The Texans tried to come back as Rosenfels completed a 14-yard TD pass to WR Andre Johnson.  However, the Vikings' defense stiffened for the win.

With the loss, Houston fell to 3–5.

QB Matt Schaub (21/29 for 224 yards and 1 interception), who started the game, left after the first half with a sprained left knee.

Week 10: vs. Baltimore Ravens

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Vikings, the Texans went home for a Week 10 duel with the Baltimore Ravens.  Both teams were supposed to play each other in Week 2, but Hurricane Ike forced them to reschedule their game to this week.

With QB Matt Schaub out with an injury, back-up QB Sage Rosenfels was given the start.

In the first quarter, Houston trailed early as Ravens QB Joe Flacco completed a 43-yard TD pass to WR Yamon Figurs.  In the second quarter, the Texans responded with kicker Kris Brown getting a 23-yard field goal.  Baltimore answered on a Houston blunder, as rookie OT Duane Brown committed a holding penalty in his own end zone, giving the Ravens a safety.  Baltimore added onto their lead as kicker Steven Hauschka got a 54-yard field goal.  The Texans closed out the half with Brown nailing a 48-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as RB Willis McGahee got a 1-yard TD run.  Houston responded as Rosenfels completed a 60-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter.  However, in the fourth quarter, Baltimore greatly pulled away as Flacco completed a 1-yard TD pass to TE Todd Heap (with a 2-point conversion pass to WR Derrick Mason), QB Troy Smith completed a 14-yard TD pass to Heap, and McGahee getting a 4-yard TD run.

With the loss, the Texans fell to 3–6.

Week 11: at Indianapolis Colts

Trying to snap a two-game losing streak and avenge their Week 5 collapse, the Texans flew to Lucas Oil Stadium for a Week 11 AFC South rematch with the Indianapolis Colts.  In the first quarter, Houston struck first as kicker Kris Brown got a 28-yard field goal.  The Colts responded with kicker Adam Vinatieri getting a 40-yard field goal.  The Texans answered with Brown making a 34-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Indianapolis tied the game with Vinatieri getting a 39-yard field goal.  Houston replied with RB Ahman Green getting a 1-yard TD run.  The Colts closed out the half with Vinatieri making a 32-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Indianapolis got the lead as QB Peyton Manning completed a 23-yard TD pass to RB Joseph Addai.  The Texans regained the lead as rookie RB Steve Slaton getting a 71-yard TD run.  The Colts answered with Addai getting a 7-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, Indianapolis increased their lead as Manning completed a 10-yard TD pass to WR Marvin Harrison.  Houston tried to come back as Green got a 2-yard TD run, but the Colts pulled away as Vinatieri nailed a 31-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Texans fell to 3–7.

Week 12: at Cleveland Browns

Trying to snap a three-game losing streak, the Texans flew to Cleveland Browns Stadium for a Week 12 duel with the Cleveland Browns.  In the first quarter, Houston drew first blood as QB Sage Rosenfels completed a 17-yard TD pass to WR Kevin Walter.  In the second quarter, the Texans increased their lead as kicker Kris Brown got a 31-yard field goal.  The Browns responded with kicker Phil Dawson getting a pair of 32-yard field goals.  Houston ended the half with Brown making a 31-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Texans continued their dominance as Brown nailed a 36-yard field goal.  From there on out, Houston's defense kept Cleveland's offense in check.

With the win, not only did the Texans improve to 4–7, but they finally got their first road win of the season.

Week 13: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars

Coming off their road win over the Browns, the Texans went home, donned their "Battle Red" uniforms, and played in their very first Monday Night Football game in franchise history, as they played a Week 13 AFC South rematch with the Jacksonville Jaguars.

In the first quarter, Houston drew first blood as QB Sage Rosenfels completed a 31-yard TD pass to WR Andre Johnson, while kicker Kris Brown got a 38-yard field goal.  After a scoreless second quarter, the Texans increased their lead early in the third quarter as Brown got a 50-yard field goal.  The Jaguars responded with kicker Josh Scobee getting a 29-yard field goal, yet Houston answered with Brown nailing a 20-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, Houston began to pull away as rookie RB Steve Slaton got a 7-yard TD run.  Jacksonville answered with RB Fred Taylor getting a 4-yard TD run, yet the Texans immediately replied as Slaton got a 40-yard TD run.  The Jaguars close out the scoring with QB David Garrard completing an 18-yard TD pass to WR Reggie Williams.

With the win, Houston improved to 5–7.

This was the first time that Houston hosted a football game on Monday night in 14 years.  The last Monday night game that was held in Houston was on November 21, 1994, in the Houston Astrodome when the Houston Oilers were defeated by the New York Giants 13–10.

Week 14: at Green Bay Packers

With their MNF home win over the Jaguars fresh in their minds, the Texans flew to Lambeau Field for a Week 14 interconference duel with the Green Bay Packers.  Houston shot early in the first quarter as QB Matt Schaub completed a 58-yard TD pass to wide receiver Kevin Walter.  The Packers responded in the second quarter with QB Aaron Rodgers completing a 20-yard touchdown pass to TE Donald Lee, yet the Texans closed out the half with a 30-yard field goal from kicker Kris Brown.

Houston got the third quarter's only points as Brown got a 41-yard field goal.  Green Bay answered in the fourth quarter as RB Ryan Grant got a 6-yard touchdown run, yet the Texans replied with Schaub completing an 11-yard touchdown pass and a 2-point conversion pass to wide receiver Andre Johnson.  The Packers tied the game as Rodgers completed a 9-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jordy Nelson. Houston got the last laugh as Brown nailed the game-winning 40-yard field goal.

With the win, the Texans improved to 6–7.

Week 15: vs. Tennessee Titans

With the win, not only the Texans improved to 7–7. but they won four straight games for the first time in franchise history.

Week 16: at Oakland Raiders

Coming off their divisional upset win at home over the Titans, the Texans flew to Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum for a Week 16 duel with the Oakland Raiders.  Houston trailed early in the first quarter as Raiders quarterback JaMarcus Russell completed a 20-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Chaz Schilens.  The Texans responded with fullback Vonta Leach's 1-yard touchdown run.  However, Oakland responded with kicker Sebastian Janikowski getting a 33-yard and a 30-yard field goal.  Houston tied the game in the second quarter as kicker Kris Brown got a 53-yard and a 24-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Raiders scored two unanswered touchdowns: wide receiver Johnnie Lee Higgins caught a 29-yard touchdown pass from Russell, followed by an 80-yard punt return for a touchdown.  The Texans tried to come back in the fourth quarter: Brown nailed a 40-yard field goal, but that was too little, too late.

With the loss, Houston fell to 7–8.

Week 17: vs. Chicago Bears

Hoping to end their season on a high note, the Texans closed out their season at home in a Week 17 interconference duel with the Chicago Bears.  Houston trailed early in the first quarter as Bears quarterback Kyle Orton completed a 4-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Brandon Lloyd, followed by a 37-yard field goal from kicker Robbie Gould.  The Texans responded and took the lead as quarterback Matt Schaub a 43-yard and a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Andre Johnson.

In the third quarter, Houston added onto their lead with running back Ryan Moats scoring a touchdown on a 2-yard run.  Chicago answered with Orton completing a 1-yard touchdown pass to tight end Greg Olsen.  In the fourth quarter, the Texans pulled away as kicker Kris Brown nailed a 22-yard field goal, followed by rookie running back Steve Slaton's 2-yard touchdown run.  The Bears tried to come back as Orton got a 1-yard touchdown run, but Houston's defense stiffened for the victory.

With the win, the Texans closed out their season at 8–8.

Statistics

Team

Individual

Source:

Notes

References

External links
 Official Website
 Houston Texans Team Page

Houston Texans seasons
Houston