Purnomo Yusgiantoro (born 16 June 1951 in Semarang, Central Java) is an Indonesian politician. He served as Minister of Defense in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet from 2009 to 2014. Previously, he served as Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources from 2000 to 2009. He also served as secretary-general of OPEC in 2004.

Early life and education
 Loyola College High School, Semarang
 Engineering Degree, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia, 1974
Engineering Manager, PT BESSINDO, Jakarta, Indonesia 1979–1986
 MA. Economics, University of Colorado at Boulder Main Campus, Colorado, USA, 1988.
 MSc., Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA, 1986.
 Ph.D. Mineral/ Natural Resources Economics, Colorado School of Mines at Golden, Colorado, USA, 1988.
 National  Defense Institute (Lemhannas), Regular Course (KRA) XXV, First Rank Award Wibawa Seroja Nugraha, 1992.

Career
 Professor of Development Economics Atma Jaya University (2002 ) and Bandung Institute of Technology (2009).
 Chairman of  the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) (Era of President SBY ) 2011.
 Chairman of the Defence Industry Policy Committee (KKIP) (Era of President SBY), 2010–2014.
 Chairman of the Meeting on the ASEAN Economic Ministers (AMEM)on Energy (Era of President Megawati), 2004.
 Secretary General & President OPEC (Era of President Megawati ), 2001–2004.
 Vice Chairman of the Presidential Decree 133 - Restructuring of National Infrastructure (Era of President Gus Dur/Megawati), 2000–2004.
 Chairman of the Board of Pertamina Commissioners (DKPP)(Era of President Gus Dur/Megawati), 2000–2002.
 Deputy Governor of National Defense Institute (Era of President BJ Habibie), 1998–2000.
 Advisory/Special Staff of the Minister of Mines and Energy, Development Cabinet VI, 1993–1998.
 OPEC Governor, Vienna, Austria, from 1996 to 1998.
 Chairman of Working Group II for the Domestic and Foreign Marketing, Board of Pertamina Commissioners (DKPP), 1993–1998.
 Expert team of PAHs (Adhoc Committee) I, MPR Working Body in preparing the Guidelines Pelita VII, 1997–1998.
 Working Group of the National Security & Defense Council (Wanhankamnas), in preparing the Guidelines Pelita VII.
 Members of the Department of Mines and Energy Committee in Formulating the Guidelines Mining and Energy PELITA VII.
 Lecturer in various leadership courses : LEMHANNAS, SESKOGAB, SUSPIM Pertamina and PLN, SESPANAS, Defense Attache Course Dephankam.
 Chairman/Member of Indonesian Delegation in Multilateral Conferences : APEC, UNCTAD, UNDP, ESCAP, OPEC, Producers - Consumers, ASEAN,
 Chairman/Member of the Delegation of Indonesia Bilateral meeting: Australia, Japan, USA, Norway, South Korea, Taiwan, Canada .
 Consultants for Domestic/International on Natural Resources (NR), Economic Development and Financial Management.

Publications
 Many papers delivered in the sphere of economic development, micro-economic, energy and mineral resources, energy and environment, as well as defense and security
 Authored the book: The Footprints of Time.
 Together with another Authors: Indonesian Economic Analysis and Methodology (Editor DR. Syahrir)
 Authored a book: International Financial Management.
 Authored a book: Energy Economics: Theory and Practice.
 Authored a book: The Indonesian Economy
 Authored a book: Defence Economics: Theory and Practice

Award/Star Services/Signs of Honor
 Awarded 16 Star Services/Honors from the State (Republic of Indonesia) and Foreign Affairs, with the highest service star is a star Adipradana Mahaputra Services.
 Awarded 15 Medals, from various institutions and organisations, domestic and abroad.

References
 Purnomo Yusgiantoro - Menteri Pemberani Tidak Populis

Notes

External links

1951 births
Living people
Government ministers of Indonesia
Indonesian politicians
Indonesian Roman Catholics
Javanese people
People from Semarang
Politicians from Central Java
Secretaries General of OPEC
Defense ministers of Indonesia
Energy ministers of Indonesia
University of Colorado alumni
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Colorado School of Mines alumni


Falicon (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

Tourism
Falicon is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Twin towns — sister cities
Falicon is twinned with:

  Merchweiler, Germany (1987)
  Castellino Tanaro, Italy (2004)

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Castagniers (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

Tourism
Castagniers is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

See also
Castagniers Abbey
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Roquette-sur-Siagne (, literally La Roquette on Siagne; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Roque-en-Provence (, literally La Roque in Provence; before 2015: Roquestéron-Grasse) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Music Museum is located in Basel, Switzerland and houses the country's largest collection of musical instruments. The museum is one of three components of Historisches Museum Basel. It presents five centuries of music history with three areas of emphasis: the history of music-making in Basel; concerts, choral music and dance; parades, festivals and signals.

History
The museum was opened in its current capacity in 2000. It forms part of a building complex whose oldest elements date back to the monastery of the Augustinian order around 1206. It was later used as a municipal builder's yard and given the name Lohnhof. The museum retains traces of its varied history, most notably from its time as a prison from 1835 till 1995; its prison cells serve as exhibition rooms.

The instruments were not housed in their own discrete museum until 1957, although the collection began in 1862 when an organ came into the Medieval Collection. By 1894, Barfüsserkirche had been opened as the Historiches Museum Basel, and approximately 70 instruments were on display. Due to lack of space, the collection grew and spent time between many different storage areas, finally gaining its own title of "Musikinstrumenten-Sammlung" at the end of the 1980s.

Musikmuseum is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Collection and exhibits

The collection surpasses 3,000 instruments from the 15th through the 20th century, with the permanent exhibition displaying around 650. Among the notable pieces of the collection are the famous Ab Yberg organ, a bass viola da gamba made by Joachim Tielke, and a 1572 virginal from the Netherlands.

It is arranged over three floors. Each cell contains a specific theme, be it a type of instrument or a socially-informed topic. Visitors can hear audio excerpts of the instruments via a multimedia information system—available in German, French, and English—stationed in each room.

Music in Basel
This floor sheds light on the many different musical activities that have been an integral part of life in Basel since the 16th century. The exhibits here range from instruments used only on ceremonial occasions, such as drums and fanfare trumpets, to objects associated with Basel’s many different music societies and Fasnacht festivities. Another cell is devoted to the 20th-century revival of early music, in which Basel played a large role. On show in the main exhibition space are several historical keyboard instruments that were made—or at least played—in Basel. A number of paintings, among them a large-format allegory of music from the 16th century and two oil paintings by local artist Joseph Esperlin (1757), show scenes of music-making in Basel. One of the rooms is a "Spielraum," (English: play-room) where guests of all ages are able to experiment with hands-on activities and inner workings of various instruments.

Concerts, Chorale, and Dance
This floor features European musical instruments in their specific musical contexts from 15th to the 20th century. One cell is devoted to Baroque chamber music, for example, while another tells the story of the saxophone and its inventor, Adolph Sax. Others contain wind, stringed and bowed instruments to provide insight into the extraordinarily varied world of music.

Parades, Marches, and Signals
This floor describes the famous collection of historical brass instruments and drums, which Dr. H. C. Wilhelm Bernoulli-Preiswerk bequeathed to the museum in 1980. Drawn from all over Europe, the exhibits illustrate both the sizeable variety of instruments in existence and how they have evolved over the centuries. They range from simple, natural objects to sophisticated contraptions, and from military signals to instruments reserved for fanfares and parades.

The top floor of the museum contains a large, multi-purpose hall for educational seminars, musical performances, and other events.

Location and accessibility
The address of the museum is Im Lohnhof 9, 4051 Basel. The museum is situated in the heart of the Old Town, above Barfüsserplatz. The closest tram stop is Musik Akademie on tram-line 3, and the museum is wheelchair-accessible by use of elevator.

See also
 List of music museums
Basel Historical Museum
Other museums in Basel
Musical Instrument Museum

References

External links
homepage

Museums established in 2000
Museums in Basel
Music museums in Switzerland
Cultural property of national significance in Basel-Stadt
Musical instrument museums
2000 establishments in Switzerland


Roquestéron (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

History
It was part of the historic County of Nice until 1860 as Roccasterone.

Population

Climate
Roquestéron had a weather station between 1987 and 2008. It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by volatile temperatures, heavy precipitation varied with dry spells, and high diurnal temperature variation.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


North Tolsta () is a village in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the east side of the Isle of Lewis. North Tolsta is within the parish of Stornoway. Tolsta is notable for its long sandy beach  Traigh Mhor  At the end of Tolsta's long sandy beach there are five caves, only visitable during low tide. They are known locally as "The Caves of Life." The village of Bail' Ùr Tholastaidh (New Tolsta) is to the north. The village has a two churches and a post office and community shop ("Buth Tholastaidh").

History
During World War I over 50% of the male population were in active service, 127 were mobilized. 50 of them died and left behind 19 widows, 54 fatherless children, and over 150 other dependants.

Formed in 2005, Tolsta Community Development Limited is a community interest company based in the village. The company operates a wind turbine at Glen Tolsta; the profits are used to benefit the Tolsta community.

The local primary school closed in Summer 2019.

Heritage Sites
At the end of Gleann Tholastaidh is one of the few possible medieval castles on the Isle of Lewis, Caisteal a’ Mhorair (the  Castle  of  the  Big  Man, or  Nobleman) . The site was first recorded in 1874 in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries by Peter Liddel. It was last surveyed in the early 2000s by The Severe Terrain Archaeological Campaign.

In, the now drained, loch at Osavat is a Crannog.

Wildlife
Wildlife in the area includes golden eagles, the skua, the kittiwake and the herring gull. Seals, dolphins, porpoises and occasionally whales can be seen offshore.

See also
 Lewis and Harris
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

External links

 North Tolsta Historical Society
 Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Roquebillière (; historical ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

History
It was part of the historic County of Nice until 1860 as ''Roccabigliere."  The town was at one time a Templar settlement.

Population

See also
 Col d'Andrion
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
  & (Occitan) Dance and traditional music from Roquebillière

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Laxdale () is a village in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Lewis. Although nominally a distinct village, Laxdale is now effectively a suburb of Stornoway. Laxdale is also within the parish of Stornoway. There is a school called Laxdale School. The Abhainn Lacasdail or Laxdale River passes along the northern side of Laxdale. The A857 runs through Laxdale, from Stornoway to Port of Ness.

See also

 Lewis and Harris
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Jhonatan Alexis Camargo Mendoza (born July 31, 1988) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Major results

2008
 3rd Road race, National Road Championships
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 8
2010
 4th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 6
2011
 9th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st  Mountains classification
1st Stage 10
2012
 7th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2013
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
 8th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2014
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st  Points classification
1st  Mountains classification
1st Stages 4, 7, 8 & 9
 4th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
 10th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
1st Stage 7
2015
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2016
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2020
 7th Overall Vuelta al Táchira

External links

1988 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Sportspeople from Táchira
20th-century Venezuelan people
21st-century Venezuelan people


Akram Zaki (27 October 1931 – 30 November 2017) was a Pakistani politician. He held the role of senior leader of the Pakistan Muslim League and chairman of the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Career
Zaki also served as Pakistani ambassador to China, Nigeria, the Philippines and the United States and remained as secretary general and minister of state for foreign affairs during a long career with the Foreign Service that spanned throughout the reigns of Z. A. Bhutto and General Zia Ul-Haq. He was an active contributor to a number of research and social organizations in Pakistan and represented Pakistan at several national and international conferences including United Nations General Assembly, UN Human Rights Commission, Organization of Islamic Conference, Asian Development Bank and more.

Death
Akram Zaki died on 30 November 2017 at Islamabad, Pakistan.

References

External links

1931 births
2017 deaths
Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
Members of the Senate of Pakistan
Ambassadors of Pakistan to China
High Commissioners of Pakistan to Nigeria
Ambassadors of Pakistan to the Philippines
People from Gujranwala


Sandwick (, IPA:[ˈs̪aun̴̪t̪əvɪkʲ]) is a village in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Lewis and a quasi-suburb of Stornoway. Sandwick is situated within the parish of Stornoway.

Education

Sandwick is home to one of the three principal primary schools for the Stornoway area, Sandwickhill School.

See also
 Lewis and Harris
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

External links

 Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors

 A Guide to living in the Outer Hebrides, with most information pertaining to Lewis
Canmore - Sandwick, Cemetery site record
Canmore - Lewis, Sandwick site record

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Massoins (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lantosque (; Italian formerly and Occitan: Lantosca) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2020, it had a population of 1,206.

Lantosque is one of sixteen picturesque villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist office on the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages) itinerary, together with Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Monte Carlo Rally
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


César Suárez (born  October 16, 1984) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Career highlights
 2005: 3rd in General Classification Vuelta a Sucre (VEN)
 2008: 1st in Stage 9 Vuelta al Tachira, San Cristóbal (VEN)

See also
Glossary of cycling
History of cycling
List of cyclists
Outline of cycling

References

External links

Venezuelan male cyclists
21st-century Venezuelan people
1984 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)


Holm Village () is a village in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Lewis near Stornoway. The modern area of Holm can be split into two distinct areas - "Holm Village" and "Holm Road with Parkend". Holm is within the parish of Stornoway.

The Iolaire Memorial on Holm Point commemorates Admiralty Yacht HMS Iolaire, lost on rocks lying to the south in 1919. 205 died, many of them war veterans returning to the island.

See also
 Lewis and Harris
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

External links

 Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors

 A Guide to living in the Outer Hebrides, with most information pertaining to Lewis

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Rimplas (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Rigaud (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the Cians, the Cianavelle and the Raton Rivers.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Revest-les-Roches (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Its inhabitants are called Revestois.

Toponymy

The name of the village, as it was first recorded in 1007 (Revestis), comes from the Occitan So Revèst, a variant of revèrs, and means a site exposed to the north.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Puget-Rostang (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département in southeastern France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the Cianavelle and the Raton River.

It is located  from Nice and  from Puget-Théniers, seat of the canton.

The climate is Mediterranean, tempered by the  altitude. Winters are brisk, but with no snow.

The village lies at the confluence of the Mairola and the Riou d’Auvare. The valley of the Mairola lies east and west and is dominated by the Mount Cimaillon (1514 m), which was topped by a castle.

Economy
Until the middle of the 19th century, the village raised just enough to feed itself. Grain grew poorly in the rocky soil, and the vineyards only provided enough for family consumption. Each family had a few sheep and a couple of goats. The only notable product was prunes.

Since that time, artisanal products have dominated the economy. An eco-museum featuring tools and implements attracts visitors to the region.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Parkend () is a hamlet in the Sandwick region of the Isle of Lewis, although like Melbost, it is not a part of the Eye Peninsula. Many people erroneously believe it to be a suburb of Stornoway, on the island of Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Parkend is within the parish of Stornoway. Parkend is situated on the A866, and the adjoining Holm Road allows access to the nearby Holm Village. The Parkend Industrial Estate is adjacent to the small housing estate.

See also
 History of the Outer Hebrides

References

External links

 Visitor's guide for the Island of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors

 A Guide to living in the Outer Hebrides, with most information pertaining to Lewis

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Pierrefeu (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Rónald Javier González Escalante (born 6 March 1981) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Major results

2003
 1st  Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
2005
 1st Stages 3 & 11 Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Stage 4 Vuelta al Estado Portugesa
2006
 1st Stage 2 Clasico Aniversario Federacion Ciclista de Venezuela
2007
 1st Stage 2 (TTT) Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Overall Vuelta a Bramon
1st Stage 2
 6th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2008
 1st Stage 10 Vuelta al Táchira
2009
 1st Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 6
2010
 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Bolivia
 3rd Overall Clásico Virgen de la Consolación de Táriba
2011
 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Trujillo
2012
 1st Overall Clásico Virgen de la Consolación de Táriba
1st Stages 1 & 3
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 3 & 6
2014
 3rd Overall Clásico Virgen de la Consolación de Táriba
2015
 1st Stage 3 Tour de Martinique
2016
 2nd Overall Tour de Martinique
 10th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2017
 10th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2018
 1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour de Martinique
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2019
 4th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 5

External links

1981 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Sportspeople from San Cristóbal, Táchira
20th-century Venezuelan people
21st-century Venezuelan people


Branahuie () is a village on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Branahuie is within the parish of Stornoway, and is situated on the A866. It is also close to Stornoway, Stornoway Airport and Melbost.

References

External links

 Visitor's guide for the Isle of Lewis
 Website of the Western Isles Council with links to other resources
 Disabled access to Lewis for residents and visitors

 A Guide to living in the Outer Hebrides, with most information pertaining to Lewis

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Théoule-sur-Mer (; Occitan: Teula de Mar or simply Teula), popularly known as Théoule, is a resort village  in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It lies to the east of the Esterel Massif, on the French Riviera. Théoule-sur-Mer is on the border with the Var department, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Mandelieu-la-Napoule. In 2018, it had a population of 1,350.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Pierlas (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Cians.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Peymeinade (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Péone (；; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

The Valberg ski resort is, in part, located on this town.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Penne (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
www.lapenne.fr Official Web site

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Peillon (; ; , formerly) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. In 2020, it had a population of 1,465.

Village perché

The village of Peillon, perched on a hilltop in the Paillon Valley, is known to have stairs instead of roads; it is dominated by its Église Saint-Sauveur (Saint Sauveur church), which was last restored in 1980. It is also home to the Chapelle Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs (Notre Dame des Sept Douleurs chapel), which features 15th-century fresco paintings by Giovanni Canavesio.

Transport
The commune is served by Peillon-Sainte-Thècle station in the valley, on the Nice to Breil-sur-Roya SNCF railway.

Demographics
In French, the inhabitants are called Peillonnais (masculine) and Peillonnaises (feminine).

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Plasterfield () is a hamlet in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Lewis. Plasterfield is within the parish of Stornoway.

Plasterfield is a suburb of Stornoway and consists of two groups of houses, built after World War II. The ambulance station for the Isle of Lewis is also here as well a small industrial estate (Mossend estate). In the 1970s a group of Barratt houses was built adjacent to Plasterfield; this area was originally called Bayview. Plasterfield is also the home of The Blackhouse bakery (formerly MacKinnon's).

Angus Macleod, the former Scottish editor of The Times, was raised in Plasterfield.

References

External links

Geograph images from the area around Plasterfield

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


Dolph Schluter  (born May 22, 1955) is a Canadian professor of Evolutionary Biology and a Canada Research Chair in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia.  Schluter is a major researcher in adaptive radiation and currently studies speciation in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.

Schluter received his Bachelor of Science from the University of Guelph in 1977, and his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1983, both in Ecology and Evolution.  Schluter's early research was done on the evolutionary ecology and morphology of Darwin's finches.

Schluter is the author of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation, 2000, Oxford University Press, and The Analysis of Biological Data, 2009 (and 2015), with Michael Whitlock, and an editor with Robert E. Ricklefs of Species Diversity in Ecological Communities: Historical and Geographical Perspectives, 1993, Chicago University Press.

In 1999, he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of London. In 2001, he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2017, he was elected as a Foreign Fellow of the US National Academy of Sciences. Schluter was made a Member of the Order of British Columbia in 2021.  In 2023, Schluter was awarded the Crafoord Prize for "revolutionary studies of finches and sticklebacks [which have] provided us with knowledge of how species arise."

References

External links
 science.ca profile

1955 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Evolutionary biologists
Canada Research Chairs
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia
University of Guelph alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the Order of British Columbia


Steinish (, IPA:[ˈʃtʰʲeɲɪʃ]) is a village in the Scottish Outer Hebrides, on the Isle of Lewis, near Plasterfield and Stornoway Airport. Steinish is situated within the parish of Stornoway, and is also situated adjacent to the Laxdale estuary. A treasure trove was discovered in Steinish, in 1876, containing coins from the era of Francis and Mary, Mary, and James VI.

Wildlife in the area includes the Arctic tern, the corn crake, the blackpoll warbler and the knot, as well as a sighting of the cattle egret.

References

External links

Canmore - Steinish site record

Villages in the Isle of Lewis


The Vienna City Marathon is an annual marathon race over the classic distance of 42.195 km held in Vienna, Austria since 1984.

History
The first edition was held on  with a total of 794 competitors. It is Austria's largest road running event and the 2010 edition had record participation with 32,940 runners from 108 nations taking part in the day's races. The race has been organised by Wolfgang Konrad since 1989.

The race day's events also include a marathon team relay event, a 4.2 km fun run and a half marathon. In 2011, Haile Gebrselassie ran the fastest ever time on Austrian soil for the half marathon distance. The 2012 edition saw Haile and Paula Radcliffe engage in a novel half marathon race, with Radcliffe receiving a head start 7:52 minutes (the difference between the two athletes personal bests). Gebrselassie crossed the finish line 3 minutes and 19 seconds ahead of Radcliffe.

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the 2020 edition of the race was cancelled and the 2021 edition was postponed to .

Course

The route starts at the Vienna International Centre, traverses the Reichsbrücke and the traffic junction Praterstern on the left side of the Donaukanal, then runs alongside the Ringstraße until reaching the Vienna State Opera. After crossing the left bank of the Wien river on Wienzeile to the Schönbrunn Palace, the route goes back to the Heldenplatz (via the Mariahilferstraße) where the half-marathon finishes. The full-marathon runners, however, continue past the Rathaus through Alsergrund to the Friedensbrücke. The track continues on the left side of the Donaukanal and the Praterstern, thus returning back to the Prater, where it leads past the Ernst-Happel-Stadion and the Lusthaus, crosses over the Franzensbrücke, finally following the Ringstraße to the finish at the Heldenplatz.

Winners

Key:
  Course record
  Austrian championship race

Marathon

Half marathon

Notes

References

List of winners
Vienna Spring Marathon. Association of Road Racing Statisticians (2009-04-20). Retrieved on 2010-02-17.

External links

 Official website
 Vienna City Marathon 2008  Every participant in a video

Marathons in Austria
Marathon
Half marathons
Recurring sporting events established in 1984
1984 establishments in Austria


José Isidro Chacón Díaz (born  January 27, 1977 in Táriba) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Major results

2000
 1st Stage 2 Vuelta al Táchira
 4th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2001
 1st Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Stages 9 & 10a
 1st Stage 7 Vuelta al Táchira
2002
 1st Overall Vuelta a Bramon
1st Stage 2
 Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 3 & 12
 1st Stage 5 Vuelta a Venezuela
2003
 1st  National Time Trial Championships
 1st Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Stages 5a & 10
2004
 1st Pan American Time Trial Championships
 1st  National Road Race Championships
 1st  National Time Trial Championships
 1st Stage 9 Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Stage 4 Vuelta a Venezuela
 2nd Overall Vuelta a Cuba
2005
 1st Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Tachira
1st Stage 8
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Estado Portugesa
1st Stage 3
 2nd Overall Vuelta a Yacambu-Lara
2006
 1st Stage 1 Clasico Aniversario Federacion Ciclista de Venezuela
 2nd Central American and Caribbean Games – Individual time trial
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2007
 1st Stage 2 Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Stage 9 Vuelta a Venezuela
2008
 1st Stage 12 Vuelta al Táchira
 5th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2009
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2013
 2nd Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
1st Stage 8b (ITT)
 4th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2016
 3rd Overall Tour de Guadeloupe

External links

1977 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Venezuela
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Vuelta a Venezuela stage winners
Sportspeople from Táchira
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Venezuela
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Venezuela
Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for Venezuela
Competitors at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in cycling
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
21st-century Venezuelan people


Traditional Thai medicine is a system of methods and practices, such as herbal medicine, bodywork practices, and spiritual healing that is indigenous to the region currently known as Thailand. While not all Buddhist medicine is Thai, Thai medicine is considered Buddhist medicine.

History
Traditional Thai medicine stems from pre-history indigenous regional practices with a strong animistic foundation, animistic traditions of the Mon and Khmer peoples who occupied the region prior to the migration of the T'ai peoples, T'ai medicine and animistic knowledge, Indian medical knowledge (arriving pre-Ayurveda) coming through the Khmer peoples, Buddhist medical knowledge via the Mon peoples, and Chinese medical knowledge (arriving pre-TCM) with the migration of the T'ais who came largely from southern China.

In the early-1900s, traditional medicine was "outlawed as quackery" in favor of Western medicine, however by the mid-1990s traditional medicine was once again being supported by the Thai government. The Seventh National Economic and Social Plan for 1992-1996 stated that "[t]he promotion of people's health entails the efforts to develop traditional wisdom in health care, including Thai traditional medicine, herbal medicine, and traditional massage, so as to integrate it into the modern health service system." In 1993 the government of Thailand created the National Institute of Thai Traditional Medicine, under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Health. The goal of the institute is to "systematize and standardize the body of traditional Thai medicine knowledge", to "gather knowledge, revise, verify, classify, and explain traditional Thai medicine knowledge", and to "compare and explain the philosophies and basic theories of traditional Thai medicine and to produce textbooks on traditional Thai medicine".

Divisions
Regional differences between healing arts practitioners across Thailand and the recent codification of traditional Thai medicine by the Thai Ministry of Public Health have led to the existence of several variations of Thai medicine. These can be understood as follows:

Traditional Thai medicine - while this umbrella title is used to describe all traditional medicine practices in Thailand, it can also be used to describe the system of medicine as systematized and taught by the Ministry of Public Health.
 Traditional medicine of Thailand - Traditional Thai medicine is based on this system, which is based on ancient texts, and varies a bit between practitioners throughout the kingdom.
 Local/Indigenous/village medicine - local practices based largely on oral tradition and local texts handed down from teacher to student.
 Lanna medicine - A regional form of local/indigenous/village medicine requiring its own category due to the unique nature of being possibly the most preserved form of the roots of Thai medicine.

Branches
Traditional Thai medicine (used as umbrella term for all medicine of Thailand) consists of five primary branches:
 Internal medicine - Primarily the use of herbs and diet to promote health
 External medicine - All therapies applied to the external body including but not limited to:
 Bone setting (indigenous chiropractic)
 Thai cupping
 Thai scraping (a practice similar to Chinese Gua Sha)
 Thai massage techniques including compression, Thai acupressure, beating, passive stretching and focus on sen channels (pathways of movement in the body such as tendons, ligaments, nerves and circulatory vessels)
 External application of herbs through unique herbology of balms, liniments, compresses and poultices
 Spirit medicine - Use of amulets, incantations, sak yan tattooing and shamanistic involvement with spirits for the purpose of healing
 Divination - Use of vedic astrology, numerology, palmistry and geomancy to determine health predisposition and remedial measures
 Buddhism - seen as the mental health branch of Thai medicine.

Licensing
Licensing and promotion is gaining ground in Thailand due to concerns about quality and safety.  In fiscal year 2013, almost one million people used traditional therapy under the universal health scheme, which partially subsidized the treatments.  About 6,000 hospitals are equipped with clinics having licensed traditional medical practitioners. One of the leading hospitals in Traditional Thai medicine is Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital in Prachinburi Province.

See also
 Pharmacognosy

References

Southeast Asian traditional medicine
Thai culture
Science and technology in Thailand
Buddhism and medicine


Thiéry (; ; , formerly) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. In 2019, it had a population of 110.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Cians.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Tignet (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Tignétans.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Toudon (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Touët-de-l'Escarène (, literally Touët of L'Escarène; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Spencerville Public Schools is a school district in Northwest Ohio. The school district serves students who live in the village of Spencerville, located in Allen County. The superintendent is Cindy Endsley.

Grades 9-12
Spencerville High School

Grades 6-8
Spencerville Middle School

Grades 4-5
Spencerville Jennings Elementary School

Grades PK-3
Spencerville Elementary Schools

External links
District Website

School districts in Ohio
Education in Allen County, Ohio


Touët-sur-Var (,  "Touët-on-Var"; ; Italian, formerly: Toetto sul Varo) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2020, it had a population of 690.

Geography
The commune, which covers a geographical area of 14.98 km2 (5.78 sq mi), is traversed by the rivers Var (in its centre) and the Cians (in the northeast).

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Tour (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Tourette-du-Château (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Tournefort () is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Justicia pectoralis is an herb in the family Acanthaceae. This water-willow is widely known as tilo in Latin America and in Cuba. In Haiti it is called chapantye and zeb chapantyè on Dominica and Martinique. Other folk names are freshcut, chambá carpintero ("carpenter"), té criollo ("Criollo tea"), curia, death-angel, masha-hari, or "piri piri". This species was described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1760, who provided additional data in 1763. A well-marked variety, var. stenophylla, was described by Emery Clarence Leonard in 1958.

Uses

Traditional uses
Across its range it is used in folk medicine as a relaxant and general tonic. Additionally it is often used in ayahuasca.

Other uses
As regards other applications, it is noted for its pleasant smell and as a source of coumarin, which it produces in plenty, and which in combination with umbelliferone is responsible for many of its notable properties. It is also admixed to epená (Virola) snuff to make it smell more pleasant. In particular var. stenophylla might also be hallucinogenic in certain preparations; it is known to wajacas (shamans) of the Krahô tribe in Brazil, who know that variety as mashi-hiri and consider it a potent entheogen, not to be taken by the uninitiated. The wajacas (shamans) refer to the leaves of the Justicia pectoralis var. stenophylla as bolek-bena meaning "Leaves of the Angel of Death." Its name likely comes from the fact it has killed three curanderos.

Etymology
The name "tilo" could be by association with Tilia, the linden trees. These are entirely unrelated eudicots whose flowers have similar relaxant properties. The water-"willows" are not relatives of the true willows either; like the lindens, the latter belong to the rosid branch of the eudicots.

References

Bibliography

 [2003]: Tilo [in Spanish]. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
Tilo (in Spanish), Consultas Medicas. Retrieved June 2010.
 (2006a): Germplasm Resources Information Network – Justicia pectoralis. Version of 2006-08-04. Retrieved 2008-04-04.

pectoralis
Medicinal plants
Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin


Tourrettes-sur-Loup (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. It has been called Tourrettes-sur-Loup ever since the early twentieth century although prior to that it was known as Tourrettes-les-Vence, a name that arose in the sixteenth century and lasted until the French revolution. This is an artisan's village situated near Vence. It features medieval and Romanesque buildings.

Situated 14 km from the Mediterranean coast, between Vence and Grasse, Tourrettes-sur-Loup is predominantly a tourist village however it does have a rich historical background.

Tourrettes-sur-Loup has a population of just over 4,000 residents. Inhabitants of the village are known as Tourrettans in French.

Geography
Tourrettes-sur-Loup is a medieval village, perched on a rocky spur, situated on the southern slope of the Puy de Tourrettes. The slope of the land leads directly to the loup valley and gorges around the area.

Economy
The village is predominantly a tourist centre. The medieval village is well renowned for its arts and crafts such as weaving, painting, pottery jewelry and sculpture, all of which are created in the village by the residents. There are forty artisans all of whom live in the village, who group together and contribute to the economy of the population.

The local economy is based on:
 The culture of violet
 Confectionery (all made in the village):
 crystallized flowers, candied fruit, etc..

 Arts and crafts
 The production of organic goat cheese (from Pic de Courmettes)
 Beekeeping
 Agriculture and farming: the local production of vegetables
 Tourism:
 Hotels, restaurants, guest rooms, furnished and campsites
The tax rate in 2008 and 2009 was 13.23% which, amongst the 193 most commonly taxed villages, ranks 53rd.

Sites and monuments

Tourrettes-sur-Loup is home to many historically significant monuments and structures, for example:
 The church of St. Gregory: Built in the fifteenth century, the church holds two altar pieces, carved and gilded statues (fifteenth century) and other works from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
 The chapel of St. John: Was restored in 2005
 Ear (Ear Gaia): A stone, ear-shaped construction about 40m long and 10m wide. The ear is no longer open to the public seeing as the city has recently authorized the building of a villa on the site.
 La bastide aux violets: a museum dedicated to the violet flower which was opened on 6 March 2010.

Architecture

With fortified architectural qualities, the houses of Tourrettes-sur-Loup form a general uphill structure creating ramparts. The houses are situated around a half moon circuit that forms the central route for the village.

Access

By road
From Aix-en-Provence (eastbound) exit 47 Villeneuve-Loubet
From Italy, Monaco or Nice (westbound) exit 48 Cagnes-sur-Mer
Follow the signs to Vence, then D2210 Tourrettes-sur-Loup.

By rail
The nearest station is Cagnes-sur-Mer, 15 km (9 miles) from the village.

By air
The nearest airport is Nice Côte d'Azur which is 21 km (13 miles) from the village.

Distances from Tourrettes-sur-loup
Vence 6 km (4 miles)
Cagnes-sur-Mer 14 km (9 miles)
Grasse 20 km (12 miles)
Antibes 24 km (15 miles)
Nice 27 km (17 miles)
Cannes 37 km (23 miles)
Monaco 49 km (30 miles)

Activities
There are a number of activities that are available at the village and in neighboring villages and areas:
•	cycling : ‘‘‘Tourrettes-sur-Loup’’’ is very popular with cyclists and there are various biking routes near the village.
•	boules : ‘‘Tourrettans’’ and tourists play boules in the ‘‘Place de la Liberation’’.
•	paragliding
•	hang-gliding
•	canyoning
•	climbing
•	fishing
•	horseriding
•	skiing : The nearest ski station is at Gréolières-les-Neiges which is 39 km (24 miles) away.
•	beaches : The nearest beach is at Cagnes-sur-Mer which is just 14 km (9 miles) from the village.

Violet festival
Tourrettes-sur-Loup holds an annual violet festival in March. The village is decorated with violets, mimosa and other flowers, with the local cafés and restaurants providing edible violet specialities for the weekend. A farmers market including craft stalls is set up in the village square, with games for children. Traditionally there is a parade of flower-covered floats in the afternoon which culminates in a Battle of the Flowers - the riders of the floats pull all the flowers off and toss them to the crowd.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links

 Virtual visit of Tourrettes-sur-Loup with fullscreen panoramas

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Valdeblore (; Vivaro-Alpine: Val de Blora; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Tilo, TiLo, or TILO, may refer to:

 a local name for the herb Justicia pectoralis
 a local name for the tree Ocotea foetens
 a German male name
 since 1969
 TiLo (rapper), a former member of Methods of Mayhem
 the Technology for Improved Learning Outcomes (TILO) educational program in Egypt
 the Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia (TiLo) regional railway operator in southern Switzerland and northern Italy

See also
 Til (disambiguation)
 Tilia


Valderoure (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Venanson (; ; , formerly) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2020, it had a population of 173.

Demographics

See also
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
  & (Occitan) Chimes from County of Nice: tirignoun (chime) from Venanson.

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The following passenger rail lines were operated by the Pacific Electric Railway and its successors from the time of its merger in 1911 until the last line was abandoned in 1961. One count indicated that the company and its successors operated as many as 143 different routes in that time.

List of lines
There were three primary terminals in downtown Los Angeles:
6th & Main Station, opened 1905 on the south side of 6th Street between Main and Los Angeles Streets; served the Northern and Southern Divisions via several approaches including an elevated line from Santa Fe Street.  This elevated station was not built until about 1916.
Hill Street Station, opened 1908 on the west side of Hill Street between 4th and 5th Streets; moved to the south side of the Subway Terminal in 1926; served the Western Division via both directions on Hill Street
Subway Terminal, opened 1925 on the west side of Hill Street south of 4th Street; served the Western Division via the Hollywood Subway

Local lines
The Los Angeles Railway operated most local lines in central Los Angeles, but the Pacific Electric had local systems in a number of other areas:
East Washington
Long Beach
Pasadena
Pomona
Redlands
Riverside
San Bernardino
San Pedro
Santa Monica

Dual gauge track
The PE and the Los Angeles Railway shared some dual gauge / track along Hawthorne Boulevard, on Main Street and on 4th Street.

References

Pacific Electric Railway Lines
Pacific Electric Railway Lines


Villars-sur-Var (,  "Villars-on-Var"; ; Italian, formerly: Villar del Varo) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2020, it had a population of 778.

History
It was part of the historic County of Nice until 1860 as Villar del Varo.

Demographics

Twin town
Villars-sur-Var has been twinned with Cherasco, Italy since 1981.

See also
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Villeneuve-d'Entraunes (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Politics and administration

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The 2008 USA Sevens competition took place on February 9 and 10 at Petco Park in San Diego, California. It was the fourth Cup trophy in the 2007-08 IRB Sevens World Series. The USA Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens.

The top-level Cup competition was won by New Zealand, who became the first team in the history of the IRB Sevens to win the first four tournaments of a season; it was also the Kiwis' sixth consecutive tournament win overall. In the Cup semifinal against Kenya, they made history with their 35th consecutive match win in the IRB Sevens, breaking their own record set in 2001/02. They took the record to 36 with their final win over South Africa.

The second-level Plate was won by Fiji in a sudden-death extra time thriller against Argentina. In the Bowl final, Wales beat the hosts in another thriller, in which the USA scored a try after the final horn, but missed the conversion that would have sent the match to extra time. The remaining trophy, the Shield, went to Australia.

The New Zealand brewery Steinlager was the presenting sponsor for this tournament.

Pool stages

Pool A
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="200"|Team
!width="40"|Pld
!width="40"|W
!width="40"|D
!width="40"|L
!width="40"|PF
!width="40"|PA
!width="40"|+/-
!width="40"|Pts
|-
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||85||0||+85||9
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||31||53||−22||5
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||38||65||−27||5
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||21||57||−36||5
|}

Pool B
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="200"|Team
!width="40"|Pld
!width="40"|W
!width="40"|D
!width="40"|L
!width="40"|PF
!width="40"|PA
!width="40"|+/-
!width="40"|Pts
|-
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||69||29||+40||9
|-
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||109||35||+74||7
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||59||46||+13||5
|-
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||17||144||−127||3
|}

Pool C
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="200"|Team
!width="40"|Pld
!width="40"|W
!width="40"|D
!width="40"|L
!width="40"|PF
!width="40"|PA
!width="40"|+/-
!width="40"|Pts
|-
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||76||31||+45||9
|-
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||69||26||+43||7
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||66||48||+18||5
|-
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||7||113||−106||3
|}

Pool D
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width="200"|Team
!width="40"|Pld
!width="40"|W
!width="40"|D
!width="40"|L
!width="40"|PF
!width="40"|PA
!width="40"|+/-
!width="40"|Pts
|-
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||90||31||+59||9
|-
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||99||14||+85||7
|-
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||73||64||+9||5
|-
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||0||153||−153||3
|}

Knockout

Shield

Bowl

Plate

Cup

References

External links
 Official site of tournament organizers
 USA Sevens on irb.com
 IRB Sevens World Series
 USA Sevens on MySpace

2007–08 IRB Sevens World Series
Sports in San Diego
2008
2008 in American rugby union
2008 in sports in California
2008 rugby sevens competitions


Yeison Rogelio Delgado Ortega (born 14 April 1977 in Cúcuta, Colombia) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist. He was caught doping in the 2004 Vuelta a Guatemala, alongside Abel Jochola, Nery Velázquez, David Calanche, Noel Velázquez (2nd), Carlos López (3rd), Reynaldo Murillo and Federico Muñoz.

Major results

2001
 1st Stage 4 Vuelta a Colombia
2003
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 9
2004
 6th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
7th Overall Vuelta a Guatemala
2007
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Yacambu-Lara
1st Stage 4
 6th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 7th Overall Vuelta a Colombia
 9th Overall Clásico Ciclístico Banfoandes
2008
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 4th Road race, National Road Championships
2009
 8th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2010
 8th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2011
 3rd Overall Vuelta Ciclista Chiapas
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 6th Overall Vuelta a Bolivia
2012
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2013
 1st Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 7
2014
 4th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 10th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2015
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2016
 4th Overall Vuelta al Táchira

Notes

External links

1977 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Colombian male cyclists
Venezuelan sportspeople in doping cases
Colombian sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in cycling
Sportspeople from Norte de Santander Department


The Ancient Future Trilogy is a set of fantasy novels by Traci Harding. The story follows a 20th-century Australian woman who is transported to 6th century Wales in an attempt to change the future. Major themes within the series include time travel, martial arts, magic and Psychic Phenomena. The three novels in the series are The Ancient Future: The Dark Ages, An Echo In Time: Atlantis and Masters of Reality: The Gathering.

In November 2018 This Present Past, a prequel to the trilogy, was published by HarperCollins.

The Ancient Future: The Dark Ages
The Ancient Future: The Dark Ages was Traci Harding's first published novel. It was inspired by a trip to the United Kingdom, during which the author experienced light phenomenon that are described in the novel as 'fairy lights'. The novel's main character Tory Alexander is unknowingly transported from the present day to 6th century Wales in an attempt to change the future.

An Echo In Time: Atlantis
An Echo In Time: Atlantis is the second novel in the Ancient Future trilogy. Tory Alexander has ruled as a queen in 6th century Britain for twenty years. When her husband becomes ill, she travels through time in order to find a cure.  However the cure can only be found in the most ancient of cities and the grandest of civilizations: Atlantis!

Masters of Reality: The Gathering
Masters of Reality: The Gathering is the final novel in the Ancient Future trilogy.  Moving away from planetary concerns Maelgwn and Tory find themselves reunited in the depths of space.

Characters
Tory Alexander - The Heroine of the story, Tory is a thirty-year-old Australian woman who is adept at Tae Kwon Do and speaks fluent Brythanic. In the Dark Ages, Tory rules as High Queen of Briton for 21 years. After the Gathering Tory rules as Governess of Kila for 50 years. She is also the heroine of The Celestial Triad series of novels.
Maelgwn of Gwynedd - Former King of Gwynedd, Maelgwn is known as 'the Dragon of the Isle' or simply 'the Dragon'.
Taliesin Pen Beirdd - Spiritual advisor to Maelgwn and the magician who brings Tory back through time.
Sir Calin Brockwell - Maelgwn's champion, cousin and friend. A dedicated womaniser who is also an incarnation of Tory's brother Brian.
Katren - A maid rescued from the horrendous man who bought her as a wife. Katren becomes Tory's maid and best friend. With Tory's help, Katren marries Brockwell.
Rhun of Gwynedd - Rhun, Prince of Gwynedd, is the first-born child of Tory & Maelgwn.
Bryce - the illegitimate son of Calin Brockwell.
Brian Alexander - Tory's brother. Brian is Brockwell's 21st century incarnation. Brian is one of the Chosen.
Naomi - Brian's wife, Naomi, is Katren's 20th century incarnation. Brian & Naomi have 1 son, Daniel Alexander.
Teo - Teo is Taliesin's 20th century incarnation.
Miles Thurlow - Miles is Maelgwn's 20th century incarnation.
Lady Gladys - Calin Brockwell's mother & an incarnation of Tory and Brian's Aunt Rose.

References

External links
 Ancient Future series reviews at SFFWorld.com

Australian fantasy novel series
Fantasy novel trilogies


Saint-Antonin (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Auban (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

Climate

On average, Saint-Auban experiences 88.9 days per year with a minimum temperature below , 3.7 days per year with a minimum temperature below , 1.5 days per year with a maximum temperature below , and 30.1 days per year with a maximum temperature above . The record high temperature was  on June 28, 2019, while the record low temperature was  on February 5, 2012.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne (, literally Saint-Cézaire on Siagne; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Geography
Far from the major thoroughfares, Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne lies halfway between the beaches of the Côte d'Azur and the ski resorts of the Maritime Alps. It is located on a plateau at 475 m. Protected from north winds by the alpine foothills around Grasse, it enjoys an exceptionally tempered climate.

Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne is located in the western part of Alpes-Maritimes, perched on a spur that dominates the valley of the Siagne.

Saint-Cézaire lies 15 km southwest of Grasse, 30 km from Cannes, and 52 km from Nice.

On the north are Escragnolles and Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey. To the south are Spéracèdes and Le Tignet. On the southwest are the valley of the Siagne and the massif of Tanneron, which forms the boundary between Alpes-Maritimes and the department of Var.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lulu is a 1918 Hungarian film directed by Michael Curtiz and featuring Klára Peterdy and Norbert Dan. Some reference sources list Bela Lugosi in the cast, but that is not true.

Cast
 Klára Peterdy
 Norbert Dán

See also
 Michael Curtiz filmography

External links

Films directed by Michael Curtiz
1918 films
Hungarian black-and-white films
Hungarian silent films


Saint-Léger (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes (, literally Saint-Martin of Entraunes; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. It is located in the middle stretches of the Var valley, situated at the limits of the Mercantour National Park.

Population

In popular culture
It was included in the 2014 racing game Forza Horizon 2.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department
Col de la Cayolle

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sallagriffon (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saorge (; ; ; standard ; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. Highway E74 which runs north from Menton, passes through Saorge on its way to the Col de Tende () where it crosses into Italy.

The region belonged to the old County of Nice. Beginning in 1388 Saorge was part of Sardinia-Piedmont. In June 1793, Sardinia defeated the armies of the First French Republic in the First Battle of Saorgio. In the Second Battle of Saorgio in April 1794 the French wrested the town from the Piedmontese. The town was returned to Sardinia-Piedmont after the overthrow of Napoleon Bonaparte and finally ceded to France in 1860.

The local spoken regiolect is a form of the Royasc dialect.

From the French Revolution to the First Empire

In 1792 the announcement of the presence of French revolutionary troops at Saint-Laurent-du-Var caused a panic in Nice. The administration of the County of Nice along with several branches of the government fled from Nice to take shelter in Saorge on 18 September. At the same time, the Sardinian troops departed Nice without fighting the French. Militia from Saorge and Fontan were recruited to fight the invading French troops. To access Saorge from the valley of the Vésubie Ruas, one must cross the pass at the Massif de l'Authion and travel down the valley of Cayros (or Cairos). Two representatives on mission asked the General Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet to launch an attack against the Austro-Sardinian troops commanded by General Charles-François Thaon, Count of Saint-André in June and July 1793. The French troops were inexperienced and suffered the loss of 3,200 men. Brunet was later sentenced to death and executed.

Transportation
The Nice to Cuneo rail line of the SNCF passes through Saorge as does the D62044(France)/S520 (Italy) scenic highway from Ventimiglia.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
  & (Occitan) Chimes from County of Nice: tirignoun (chime) from Saorge.

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


José Alirio Contreras Vásquez (born  March 21, 1978) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Career
2005
 3rd in General Classification Vuelta a Santa Cruz de Mora (VEN)
 1st in Mountains Classification Vuelta a Venezuela (VEN)
2006
 3rd in General Classification Vuelta al Tachira (VEN)
2009
 7th in General Classification Vuelta a Venezuela (VEN)

External links

1978 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games


Sauze (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Séranon (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sigale (; ; , formerly) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. It is part of Préalpes d'Azur Regional Natural Park. In 2020, it had a population of 197.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Spéracèdes (; ; Italian, formerly: Speiraceta) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2020, it had a population of 1,171.

Part of Préalpes d'Azur Regional Natural Park, Spéracèdes is located 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Grasse and 25 km (15.5 mi) northeast of Cannes on the Mediterranean coast. Its inhabitants are called Spéracèdois (masculine) and Spéracèdoises (feminine) in French.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
Commune's official website
Commune's events, life, and news: "Spéracèdes Demain" association's website

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gattières (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Tonquédec (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Tonquédec are called tonquédois in French.

Breton language
Most of the inhabitants speaking Breton, the municipality launched a Breton linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 23 May 2006.

See also
Château de Tonquédec
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

Sister City
Corofin, County Clare (Ireland)

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Gorbio (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Gorbio may be seen in the video for Celine Dion's song Falling Into You.

Population
The inhabitants are called Gorbarins.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management (OPM) was an agency of the government of Oklahoma which was dissolved in 2011. OPM managed the civil service of the state government. OPM previously provided comprehensive human resource services to all state agencies and employees (excluding institutions of higher education), as well as information for individuals interested in state service careers. OPM, together with the Oklahoma Merit Protection Commission, was responsible for administering and enforcing the State Merit System.

The Office of Personnel Management was created as an independent agency in 1982 during the term of Governor George Nigh as the successor to the Merit System Office. OPM was consolidated into the Office of State Finance in 2011 during the term of Governor Mary Fallin.

Functions
The Office of Personnel Management, in partnership with the Oklahoma Merit Protection Commission, administers a variety of personnel-related management systems and services within state government to ensuring a professional and non-political civil service. In addition to administering the Merit System, the OPM provides a wide variety of personnel-related services and regulatory functions affecting all agencies and employees in all branches of state government. It is the responsibility of OPM to maintain a central clearing house of all classified job openings for the state government.

Classified and unclassified
OPM has total jurisdiction over state employees that are in the classified service and very limited jurisdiction over unclassified service employees. Classified employees are all state employees and positions which are subject to rules of OPM and the decisions of the Oklahoma Merit Protection Commission. This is as opposed to the unclassified service, which are at-will employees. The two primary distinctions between classified and unclassified employees are as follows:
unclassified employees serve at the pleasure of the appointing authority. They may be removed from their position at any time, with or without cause, and have no right to appeal their termination to the Commission.
unclassified employees are non-competitive positions. They are appointed by the appointing authority without regard to merit provisions, such as publicly publishing the position opening and rating eligible candidates.

Leadership
The Office is under the supervision of the Director of State Finance and subject to the direct executive control of the Administrator of the Office. The Administrator is appointed by the Director to serve at his pleasure. Prior to reforms enacted in 2011, the Administrator was appointed by and reported directly to the Governor of Oklahoma. The last Administrator appointed by a Governor was Oscar B. Jackson Jr., who served in that position from 1991 until his retirement in 2011 following the reforms.

Organization
Cabinet Secretary
Director of State Finance
Administrator
Deputy Administrator for Programs
State Employee Assistance Program Department
Employee Selection Services Department
Personnel Assessment Division
Applicant Services Division
Office of Equal Opportunity and Workforce Diversity
Human Resources Development Services Department
Agency Payroll Support Services Department
Management Services Department
Classification Division
Compensation Division
Office of Workforce Planning
Associate Administrator for Financial Management and Chief Financial Officer
Financial Management Services Department
General Counsel
Legal Affairs Department
Office of Legislative Affairs

Supporting agencies
Affirmative Action Review Council
Governor's Advisory Council on Asian American Affairs
Governor's Ethnic American Advisory Council
Employee Assistance Program Advisory Council
Committee for Incentive Awards for State Employees
Governor’s Advisory Council on Latin American and Hispanic Affairs
Mentor Selection Advisory Committee
Oversight Committee for State Employee Charitable Contributions

See also
Office of Personnel Management (Federal government)
Office of Management and Budget

Office of Personnel Management


Guillaumes (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

It was part of the historic County of Nice until 1860 as Guglielmi.

The Valberg ski resort is, in part, located on this town.

Geography
The commune is situated along the river Var, and at the beginning of the Gorges de Daluis.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Carros (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. Carros is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Population
The inhabitants are called Carrossois.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


was a professional baseball player for the Osaka Tigers (later Hanshin Tigers) in Nippon Professional Baseball.  His number 11 is retired with the Tigers.  A pitcher with Hanshin from 1959 to 1972, he recorded a career 2.09 ERA and 192 career complete games to go with 222 wins. He was inducted into the Japanese Hall of Fame in 1993.

Early life
He was born on October 12, 1936, in Kita-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo. He played baseball at Sumitomo Technological High School. He was on to Kansai University School of Commerce in 1950. He won the championship on All Japan Universities baseball championship in his sophomore at Kansai University. became a member of the Osaka Hanshin Tigers in 1959.

Career
As a rookie in 1959, Murayama pitched in 54 games, recording 19 complete games in 26 starts.  He was 18–10 that season with a microscopic 1.19 ERA to lead the league and also win the first Eiji Sawamura Award of his career.  It also ended Masaichi Kaneda's run of three consecutive Sawamura Awards won.  Murayama would match Kaneda's total of three Sawamura Awards over the course of his career, winning it outright in 1965 and sharing the award in 1966 with Tsuneo Horiuchi, the first time in the award's history that it had co-winners.  The Sawamura would not have co-winners again until 2003, when Hanshin's Kei Igawa and Kazumi Saitoh of Daiei shared the award.

During his career as a player, his team, the Osaka Hanshin Tigers won the Central League Championship two times, 1962 and 1964. Although he was a player for the team, he became manager for the Osaka Hanshin Tigers from 1970 to 1972. He retired after 1972 season. His Number 11 was retired by the Osaka Hanshin Tigers. He had been a commentator for baseball for a long time. Again, he became manager for the Osaka Hanshin Tigers in 1988 and 1989. People have said that he was " Mr. Tigers" since his retirement.

He was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1993, then just five years later, he died due to rectal cancer at the age of only 61.

Individual records
Career
Wins : 222
Losses : 147
Strikeouts : 2274
ERA : 2.09

Titles
MVP : 1 time (1962)
Most wins : 2 times (1965, 1966)
Best ERA : 3 times (1959, 1962, 1970)
Most strikeouts : 2 times (1965, 1966)
Best winning percentage : 1 time (1970)
Sawamura Award : 3 times (1959, 1965, 1966)
Best Nine Award : 3 times (1962, 1965, 1966)

Books
The apart from Back Number 11, Kobunsha, 1973

References

1936 births
1998 deaths
Baseball people from Kobe
Sportspeople from Amagasaki
Kansai University alumni
Japanese baseball players
Osaka Tigers players
Hanshin Tigers players
Nippon Professional Baseball MVP Award winners
Managers of baseball teams in Japan
Hanshin Tigers managers
Baseball player-managers
Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees


Ilonse (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lieuche (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lucéram (; , formerly; ) is a rural commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,294. Its inhabitants are known as Lucéramois (masculine) and Lucéramoises (feminine) in French.

The commune of Lucéram is home to the village of Peïra-Cava, north of the village of Lucéram, the first winter sports station in the department, established in 1909. The village of Lucéram has a number of ecclesiastical and medieval monuments, as well as altarpieces by Ludovico Brea.

Demographics

Geography
The town is built on a rocky outcrop overlooking the Foil. In the lower valley, there is an intersection of the salt road that leads from the port of Nice in Savoy, through the valley of Vésubie. The village lies at 650 meters altitude, and 27 kilometers from Nice by D 2566.

Toponymy

The origin of the name "Lucéram" is uncertain.

Lucéram is originally the name Lucerius or Lucerus. Lucerius was a Benedictine monk.
The name is a derivative of a Luceranus that appears in text in 1057, and may have given the village its name.
The Latin phrase Lux eram ("I was light") could also be the origin of the name.
Durante gives another expression, Lucus eram ("I was a sacred grove"), which appears to refer to the ancient worship of the forest that surrounds the village. This etymology is questionable when it is compared with its Latin name Pagus Liccirum. Louis Durante also indicates that the village was built on a fully wooded eminence. In ancient texts there are also the names Lucis-ramus and Luciramus. Luceram was the capital of the tribe of Lepontii quoted on listing Trophée des Alpes.

Sights
Sights include the church St. Margaret (late 15th century), housing an altarpiece by Ludovico Brea and a 13th-century Pietà.

Culture
Each year, the mayor and villagers   decorate the village in the theme of Christmas. The village is covered with pine branches and red and gold ribbons. There are  nativity scenes set up on window sills, in cellars or any available nook and cranny.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Monte Carlo Rally
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Malaussène (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Life Science Library is a series of hardbound books published by Time Life between 1963 and 1967. Each of the 26 volumes explores a major topic of the natural sciences. They are intended for, and written at a level appropriate to, an educated lay readership. In each volume, the text of each of eight chapters is followed by a "Picture Essay" lavishly illustrating the subject of the preceding chapter. They were available in a monthly subscription from Life magazine. Each volume takes complex scientific concepts and provides explanations that can be easily understood. For example, Albert Einstein's theory of relativity is explained in a cartoon about a spy drama involving a train traveling very close to the speed of light; probability is explained with poker hands; and the periodic table of the elements is conveyed with common household items. Although progress has overtaken much of the material in the more than 50 years since their publication, the series' explanations of basic science and the history of discovery remain valid. The consulting editors of the series are microbiologist René Dubos, physicist Henry Margenau, and physicist and novelist C. P. Snow.

Each volume was written by a primary author or authors, "and the Editors of LIFE". The volumes are:

Matter (1963), by Ralph E. Lapp
Energy (1963), by Mitchell Wilson
Mathematics (1963), by David Bergamini
The Body (1964), by Alan E. Nourse
The Cell (1964), by John E. Pfeiffer
The Scientist (1964), by Henry Margenau and David Bergamini
Machines (1964), by Robert O'Brien
Man and Space (1964), by Arthur C. Clarke
The Mind (1964), by John Rowan Wilson
Sound and Hearing (1965), by S. S. Stevens and Fred Warshofsky
Ships (1965), by Edward V. Lewis and Robert O'Brien
Flight (1965), by H. Guyford Stever and James J. Haggerty
Growth (1965), by James M. Tanner and Gordon Rattray Taylor
Health and Disease (1965), by René Dubos and Maya Pines
Weather (1965), by Philip D. Thompson and Robert O'Brien
Planets (1966), by Carl Sagan and Jonathan Norton Leonard
The Engineer (1966), by C.C. Furnas and Joe McCarthy
Time (1966), by Samuel A. Goudsmit and Robert Claiborne
Water (1966), by Luna B. Leopold and Kenneth S. Davis
Giant Molecules (1966), by Herman F. Mark
Light and Vision (1966), by Conrad G. Mueller and Mae Rudolph
Food and Nutrition (1967), by William H. Sebrell, Jr and James J. Haggerty
The Physician (1967), by Russel V. Lee and Sarel Eimerl
Drugs (1967), by Walter Modell and Alfred Lansing
Wheels (1967), by Ezra Bowen
A Guide to Science and Index to the LIFE Science Library (1967)

See also
Life Nature Library

Science books
Time Life book series


Tramain (; ; Gallo: Tramaen) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Tramain are called traminois in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


The Bana or Vana was a dynasty based in South India, who claimed descent from king Mahabali. The dynasty takes its name from Bana, the son of Mahabali. The Banas faced opposition from several neighbouring dynasties and served some major dynasties such as the Chalukyas Cholas and Pandyas as feudatories, sometimes after they were subjugated by them. They also served as Samantas to some dynasties. The Banas had their capital at various places at different times, including Kolar and Gudimallam. The Banas were a native Kannada ruling dynasty.

History

The earliest mention of the Banas in authentic historical records is in the middle of the fourth century AD, and as the feudatories of the Satavahana and early Pallavas.

But from the actual literature history (Mysore State Gazetteer 1968), The Mahavalis or Brihadbanas who ruled the present Kolar and Chikkaballapur  districts of Karnataka are the descendants of King Banasura or King Bana, son of King Mahabali. King Brihadbana was the grandson of Mahabali. Last known ruling king of this generation was King Sambayya. They were in constant conflicts with Nolambas and Western Gangas of the Kolar region. They had Vaidumbas as their allies. They had the present day Avani region (a village in Kolar District) as their capital.

The Bana dynasty had a distinctive emblem, featuring a black flag and a bull crest. An inscription discovered in Mulbagal Taluk dating back to the year 339 AD, written in Sanskrit, begins by praising Shiva, whose throne is said to be on the mountain peak called Nandi. This peak is believed to be the present-day Nandidurga, which is considered to personify Nandi, the bull of Shiva. The inscription documents the grant of the village of Mudiyanur (also known as Chudagrama, a Sanskritized form of Mudiyanur) to 25 Brahmins by Vadhuvallabha-Malladeva-Nandivarma, the son of Vijayaditya Deva and grandson of Nandivarma, a notable figure from Mahabali's dynasty. The king, who was in the town of Avanya (Avani), is credited with bringing prosperity to the Bana dynasty and has been compared to Bodhisattva.

The Banas seem to have been a strong power almost until the decline at the end of the 9th century. In the battle of Soremati about 874, Banas they, together with the Vaidumbas, are said to have defeated the Gangas and the Nolambas. Further, their inscriptions of 898, 905 and 909 A.D. mention no overlord. But all the same, the Banas had adversaries on all sides, and their power was continually being undermined since the close of the 9th century. They ultimately appear to have lost their independence by the first half of the 1Oth century at the latest. If the Nolamba king Mahendra (c. 870-897) is described as the cunning king who has ended the Mahabali family, the Chola king Viranarayana or Parantaka claims in 921 to have uprooted by force two Bana kings and conferred the title of Banadhiraja on the Ganga prince Prithvipathi II, who helped him in this task. In 961, which is the date of the latest Bana inscription in this district, we find one King Sambayya ruling a small district under the Pallava king Iriva  or Dilipa. But the Banas did not disappear altogether from the political history, as is evident from the references to them in some later literary works and inscriptions. Stray Bana records have been found outside this district, particularly in the south, as late as the first quarter of the 16th century AD. The history of the Banas, who, during a period of more than a thousand years, moved from district to district, from the Andhra-desha in the north to the Pandya country in the far south where they were governors of Madurai under the Pandya kings, is particularly interesting in that it illustrates the long survival of a dynasty by migrations.

Boundaries
The Bana Kingdom was made up of various regions at different points in time and was known by the following names:

 Perumbanappadi (the great Bana country), of the Sangam period. It is the Tamil equivalent of the 'Country of Brihad-Bana' or 'country of the Brihad (great) Bana'. Perumbanappadi was a large tract of land which lay to the west of Andhrapatha. It had Punganur, Kolar and Srisailam in the west, Kalahasti and Sholingur in the east, while the river Palar formed its Southern boundary. Its capital was Thiruvallam also known as Vanapuram. Perumbanappadi formed a part of the province of Jayakonda Sola Mandalam  and also represented the north-western portions of Thondai-Mandalam.
 Balikula Nadu (Kingdom of the Banas). It was made up of parts of modern Chittor, Ananthapur and Cuddapah districts. A portion of Balikula Nadu later included parts of Nellore. The Banas were located in the said regions as early as the 7th century AD and were affiliated with the Tamil Cholas.
 Andhrapatha (aka Andhra-desa or Province of the Andhras) traditionally between the Godavari and Krishna rivers. This Bana Kingdom known as Andhrapatha, originally extended as far as Kalahasti in the west and covered the whole of present-day North Arcot district. It also included present day Guntur and flourished under the Satavahanas. Andhrapatha was known to the Tamils as Vadugavalli, Vadugavalli Merku or Vadugavalli 12,000. Andhrapatha was developed into Andhramandala by a grant given by the Bana king, Vadhuvallaba Malladeva Nandivarman in AD 338. Andhrapatha was ruled by Ikshvaku kings, such as Virapurshadatta.

In Medieval South India
The Western Ganga dynasty king, Prithivipati II was conferred the title "lord of the Banas" by Parantaka I Chola after he defeated the Banas. After the Chola King, Parantaka I deprived the Banas of their Andhrapatha kingdom between 909-916 AD, the Banas were subsequently found ruling various parts, such as Nellore, Guntur and Anantapur, as chieftains in medieval Andhra.

In Nellore
An inscription discovered in Sannamur revealed the existence of a Bana dynasty that ruled the northern part of Nellore district in the 11th century AD. The Bana king at that time was named Aggaparaju (also known as Aggraparaju alias Aggappa), who claimed his descent from Mahabali and asserted lordship over Paravipura and Nandagiri. While nothing is known about his predecessors, it is believed that Aggappa may have ruled as a vassal of the Chalukya prince, Vimaladitya.

In Konidena
Churrabali I or Churaballiraja I of the Banas was ruling in Konidena in the 12th century AD. Churaballi II alias Churabbiraju II, served as a Mahamandaleshwara and bore a long prasasti and titles similar to that of Aggapparaju. Hence it is suggested that he was a descendant of Aggappa Raju. Churabbiraju's only record from Konidena dated 1151 AD mentions him as "Mahamandalesvara Berbaha Churraballi Raju". His epithets mention he belonged to Vashista gotra. He claimed lordship over Paravipura and Nandagiri and ruled in a part of Kammanadu.

Other Banas
 Chittarasa, figuring in a record of 1122 AD record of Anantapur, was perhaps of Bana lineage.
 In the time of Prataparudra of the Kakatiya Dynasty, some Banas are heard of in the Telugu country. They have been mentioned in the work 'Prataparudra Yashobhushana' written by Vidyanatha.
 Trivikramadeva claimed a Bana descent and flourished in the 15th century. He wrote Trivikrama Vritti, a work on Prakrit grammar.
 The last date for the Vijayanagar Viceroys (Nayaks) of Madurai claiming a Bana descent is 1546 AD.

Brihatphala
Based on the copper plates of Jayavarman Brihat-Phalayana, it has been suggested that Brihat-Phala means the same as Brihad-Bana, where 'phala' and 'bana' both have the same meaning as 'arrowhead'. The Brihat-phalayanas ruled in regions around Masulipatnam around the 3rd century AD. Additionally, the Saka Mahakshatrapas of Ujjain claimed Brihatphala (Bahaphala) gotra and were linked with the Ikshvakus. A record of the Ikshvakus of the Guntur-Krishna region mentions that a queen named Varma Bhatarika, the wife of Maharaja Ehuvula Chantamula, and daughter-in-law of Maharaja Chantamula, is said to have belonged to Bahapala (that is, Brihat-phala or Brihatphalayana) gotra and is said to have been the daughter of a Mahakshatrapa. It may therefore be surmised that Brihatphala was possibly used as a gotra name to indicate descent from Brihad-Bana.

Bana kings
Some Bana kings mentioned in various historical sources are:
 Jayanandivarman
 Vijayaditya I, son of Jayanandivarman
 Malladeva, son of Vijayaditya I
 Bana Vidhyadhara, son of Malladeva (Married a granddaughter of the Ganga King Siva Maharaja, who reigned between 1000 and 1016 AD)
 Prabhumerudeva, son of Banavidhyadhara
 Vikramaditya I, son of Prabhumerudeva
 Vikramaditya II or Pugalvippavar-Ganda, son of Vikramaditya I
 Vijayabahu Vikramaditya II, son of Vikramaditya II
Aragalur Udaiya Ponparappinan Rajarajadevan alias Magadesan (Magadai Mandalam chief) of Aragalur
Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan

In Sangam literature
An ancient Tamil poem of the Sangam period, describes a scene in front of a Vanar Palace as below:
Poets are leaving the palace with plenty of gifts from the King, while the arrested rulers of smaller regions of the Kingdom, who have failed to pay tribute to the King and waiting for the King's pardon happen to see the poets leaving with expensive gifts which are actually things seized by the King from them. One of them, seeing the gifts, says that it is his horse that one the poet takes away, while another one points out to his elephant, similarly and so on goes the poem, capturing the might of ancient Vanars. This poem explains the wealth and power of Southern Vanars. Kalki, in his historic novel Ponniyin Selvan, describes a scene in which the protagonist, Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, who he claims to be of Vanar descent, broods over the fall of his clan, singing this poem.

Titles
The Bana Chieftains held various titles in different regions and at different times, including Vanar, Vanara, Vanavarayar, Vanakovarayar, Ponparappinan, and some claimed titles such as "Vaana-Kulothoman," "Ganga-kula-uthaman," and "Kaangeyar," among others.

See also
 Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai

References

Dynasties of India
History of Tamil Nadu


Marie (; Occitan and Italian: Maria) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Mas () is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of South-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Massois, Massoises, or Massoinques.

Geography
Le Mas is located some 45 km north-west of Nice and 32 km east of Castellane in a direct line. Access to the commune is by road D10 which branches from the D5 road on the western border of the commune and passes through the length of the commune through the village before continuing to Aiglun in the east. The D110 branches from the D10 in the west of the commune and passes along the river valley to rejoin the D10 east of the village. The commune is alpine in nature with high mountains and alpine valleys throughout.

The Gironde river flows through the commune from west to east to join the Estéron which forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows south then east joining the Var at Saint-Martin-du-Var. Numerous tributaries feed the Gironde in the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
Isnard, from the House of Grasse, Commander of St. John of Jerusalem, Prior of Capua, Grand Seneschal of Provence, in recognition of his services received the lands of Mas and Aiglun from Queen Jeanne on 7 July 1348. He donated the land of Aiglun to his cousin Pons of Ferres on 18 May 1349. The fief of Mas passed down to Bertrand II de Grasse. The Grasse family lost the lordship of Mas at the time of the separation of Nice and it subsequently remained with the Counts of Provence.

In 1713 the Treaty of Utrecht provided that Ubaye and its dependencies, formerly under the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, were exchanged for the French areas in the Susa Valley so that the boundary followed the line of the watershed. But the overlapping of territories inherited from history remained: Entraunes and Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes were dependent on Barcelonnette but are in the Var valley while the Piedmontese side upstream of Guillaumes was already French. The Kingdoms of France and Piedmont both claimed them. In addition, in the Estéron Valley the right bank of the Var was Piedmontese which created a tongue of land jutting out into French Provence. In Haut-Var it was ultimately the line of the watershed which prevailed. To provide compensation to France and to reduce the irregularity of the border, the community of Mas was ceded to France in 1718.

For more historical information (in French) click here.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 155 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The remains of a Chateau from the 11th century
A small classical chateau
A Mill to the south of the village
The Arboretum du Sarroudier

Religious heritage

The Church of Notre-Dame (12th century) is registered as an historical monument The Church contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
A Reliquary of Saint Arnoux (16th century)
A Bust-Reliquary of Saint Arnoux (16th century)

Other religious sites of interest
The Chapel of Saint Arnoux
The Chapel of the White Penitents (Now converted to a private residence)
The Chapel of Saint Sebastian (Now private)
The Hamlet of Sausses with the Chapel of Saint Sauveur and the Oratory of Saint Aman

Le Mas Photo Gallery

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

Bibliography
Philippe de Beauchamp, The Misunderstood High Country. Villages & isolated hamlets of Alpes-Maritimes, p. 137, Éditions Serre, Nice, 1989 ; p. 159

External links
Le Mas on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Mas on the 1750 Cassini Map

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes