Dr. Zeus Inc., also known simply as the Company, is a fictional entity in a series of time travel science fiction stories by Kage Baker.  Most of the characters in the novels are immortal cyborgs created by Company operatives throughout history and recruited to work on preserving art, artifacts, rare species and other valuable items which the Company can sell for huge profits in the 24th century.  The cyborgs look forward to receiving their final reward when they reach the 24th century by living through all the preceding times, but some suspect that when they do, they will instead be deactivated, or worse.

The immortality process, taking place as it does in early childhood, results in an individual who matures into a young adult and remains that way forever.  "Facilitators" resort to makeup and prosthetics in order to appear to be older for their roles, but others appear as they always have.   The Botanist Mendoza, for instance, appears to be approximately 19 years old despite having lived for thousands of years during her life and exile in the distant past.  Joseph is described as "seeming to be about 35" (The Graveyard Game), indicating that Facilitators may have their "natural" ages set higher for their roles.

Preservers
Preservers are the main agents of the Company, specialists in different types of artifacts. They look exactly like normal humans, but small differences give them away to observant individuals.  Typically a Preserver uses a credenza, which apparently is a piece of data processing, or analytical, equipment suited to their work.  When among mortals, the Preserver can conceal the credenza, if necessary, by "merging" it with a piece of ordinary furniture (as Mendoza does in In The Garden of Iden).  The technology behind such tricks is not explained in any detail, if at all.

Mendoza
Mendoza is a female cyborg, a botanist recruited from the dungeons of the Inquisition in 16th century Spain. In appearance, she is a barely adult woman with flame-red hair and startling black eyes.  While still chronologically young, she suffers a huge psychological trauma after falling in love with a doomed mortal in Tudor England. She is also a "Crome Generator", with a powerful psychic potential that she cannot control. Through a series of awful events over the following 300 years, she comes to despise mortals, her fellow cyborgs, and eventually herself. She attempts to isolate herself from all harm, but cannot escape the Company, for whom everything she has done and will do is in the temporal concordance.

Lewis
Lewis is a male cyborg, a Literature specialist taken as a baby in Roman times. He is short but handsome, with a resemblance to the 1940s actor Leslie Howard, for whom he acts as a movie stand-in in the 20th century, along with stints as a double for Rudolph Valentino and others. Meeting Mendoza at a Company base in South America in the 17th century, he falls hopelessly in love with her. She is barely aware of this, of course, being already traumatized by the loss of her first love. She disappears from his view in the 19th century, and he tries to find her through the next 300 years, stumbling across Company secrets in the process. He is also the object of pursuit by strange pale little men, who were responsible for almost destroying him in medieval Ireland and would eventually manage to capture him. His memories of this have been suppressed by his superiors, to keep the existence of these strange beings a secret.

Kalugin and Nan d'Aragnée
Unusually, these two have been allowed to marry, and even occasionally work on the same projects together. Kalugin was recruited in medieval Russia, while Nan is from Africa, recruited in the same batch as Mendoza in the 16th century. She takes her name from Anansi, the Spider God of her people in Africa. She was orphaned when the Smoke Men, probably Arab slave traders, attacked her village.

Both Kalugin and Nan specialize in rescuing artworks. Kalugin gets the assignments where the art was lost at sea, in which case he is designated to be on board when the ship goes down, and stay with the artifacts till a Company sub picks them up. However it is soon apparent that Kalugin is lost somewhere on one of his operations. Which one it is, and why, becomes apparent in The Children of the Company.

Imarte
Recruited in ancient Babylon, Imarte is an anthropologist who collects cultural knowledge and customs.  Like all Preservers, she cares more about her work than anything else.  Since contact with outsiders inevitably contaminates her work, she resents the activities of any other Preservers, as is evident in Sky Coyote.  She also practices a form of "total immersion" learning which involves having sex with her male subjects, either as a freelance prostitute, as in Mendoza in Hollywood, or else a "religious concubine", as in past assignments.  Joseph describes her as "Mesopotamian dusky, with green eyes and an hourglass figure" in Sky Coyote.

Nefer
Nefer is Mendoza's team-mate on the expedition to Tudor England in In The Garden of Iden.  She is a Zoologist specializing in livestock but was apparently recruited in Ancient Egypt.  As Mendoza is obsessed by plants, she is obsessed by breeds of sheep, cattle etc.  Being much older, she plays the "old hand" to Mendoza's rookie.  Since there is nothing for her to do at the house of Iden, she spends her time listening to agricultural broadcasts on Dr. Zeus' radio network, at one point disturbing the household by clambering about the roof trying to set up an antenna.  In the 24th century she is wandering in the Serengeti when she hears of the increasing internal conflicts inside the Company.  She seeks sanctuary with Suleyman.

Facilitators and Security Techs
Facilitators are fixers, smooth talkers, masters of disguise. Their job is to lay the groundwork for Preservers to do their work, and cover up their mistakes. They are consummate role-players. From time to time it is hinted that known historical figures were really Facilitators acting out a part.  Security Techs operate as a kind of police, secret and otherwise, with the cyborg community.  Their duties range from day to day monitoring of other cyborgs to Facilitator-like jobs overseeing groups of Preservers.  A special sub-group are known as "problem solvers" who are equipped with the means to disable and dismantle rogue cyborgs.

Joseph
Facilitator Joseph is 20,000 years old as a cyborg. He was recruited by Budu when his tribe was wiped out by members of the Great Goat Cult, a fanatic religion in prehistory. Being from the Basque area of Spain, he is short, dark and also somewhat sinister looking. Joseph recruited many other cyborgs, including Mendoza. Having outlived everyone else he ever knew, including various mortal wives, Joseph regards Budu as his father, and eventually sees Mendoza as his daughter. After both disappear, Budu in the 11th century and Mendoza in the 19th, he too wants to know what happened to them. While not as committed as Lewis, he follows the clues Lewis finds, with disastrous results.

Porfirio
Although much younger than Joseph, Security Tech Porfirio has something Joseph lacks - a family. He has been allowed to maintain contact with blood relatives descended from his brother. Like his brother, he is a first-generation mestizo, his mother having been an Aztec, and his father a Conquistador.  Often he presents himself to his relatives as a long-lost uncle, or simply is allowed to work close by to keep an eye on them. In the 1860s, he runs an Inn in Cahuenga Pass, California, so his Preservers can glean information from passing travelers and the local population. Mendoza is one of the Preservers who has been foisted upon him; ostensibly she is to gather plant species soon to become extinct in a years-long drought, but the Company fails to move her on once the drought hits. Porfirio has to deal with her moods, her night-time psychic fireworks, and eventually her disastrous encounter with someone who is involved in an unknown Company-related plot. Mendoza and a few other cyborgs disappear as a consequence, but Porfirio is allowed to stay free and monitor his family. Over a century later he is able to tell Joseph something of what happened to Mendoza.  He also reveals that staying in contact with his family is his reward for being a "problem solver" who does the Company's dirty work.

Sarai
Facilitator Sarai, under the name Sarah, participates in the Adonai project as the young Alec Checkerfield's nurse-companion.  She is outwardly a young dark-skinned Jamaican but is actually centuries old, having been transported to the Caribbean on a slave ship, presumably in the 17th century.  After the adult Alec's disappearance she is convinced the Company will take her into custody and she will disappear as so many others have.  She is contacted in London by Latif who gives her safe passage to Suleyman in Fez, Morocco.  Apparently she, Nan and a Preserver, Nefer, were once Suleyman's wives, and as the year 2355 approaches they are re-united with him.  The name Sarai may be intended as a reference to saray, the Turkish word equivalent to harem, from which the Italian word seraglio is apparently derived.

Executives
The highest class of cyborgs, Executives, Executive Facilitators, Facilitators General etc., these individuals are responsible for seeing the Company policies and missions are carried out.  They organize and run Company facilities, sometimes as personal empires.  While they are supposed to obey instructions sent back from the 24th century, in some cases they pursue their own agendas.  Most are identified at an early age as having extraordinary talents for organization, and may be sent out for field experience when still quite young, as Latif was.  Preservers, in contrast, remain at training facilities until they reach adulthood.

Labienus
One of the oldest of the Executives, he came originally from the location of Jericho in what is now Palestine,  having been orphaned by the Great Goat Cult in prehistory.  Although he was given charge of a region of Mesopotamia, his arrogance caused him to treat it as a personal playground until told to start organizing villages into cities.  Still, he retained a contempt for humans throughout the ages and is the leading member of the Plague Club.

Houbert
Described as resembling J. Wellington Wimpy, Houbert is both an executive and an architect, but expends much energy on sybaritic living and ostentatious display.  Having run New World One, when that installation was dismantled he moved to a chateau on the Loire in France, and subsequently drove the development of Monte Carlo.

Aegeus
Another old Executive, he runs Eurobase One for millennia, transforming it from a stockade into an underground palace full of antiquities and art.   Like Labienus, he sees humans as inferior, but he believes that eventually they will simply be slaves to the cyborgs.  Aegeus used Victor as an agent until Victor came under the influence of Labienus, whereupon Aegeus tried to have Victor spy on Labienus for him.

Suleyman
With a base of operations in Fez, Morocco, Suleyman runs the North African operation of the company.  For a long time he worked undercover as a Corsair.  It was in this role that he found and recruited Latif on a slave ship in the 1690s.

Latif
We first encounter Latif at the age of three, already apprenticed to Houbert at New World One, and set to serve with Labienus at Mackenzie Base.  At the age of five he works for Van Drouten in Amsterdam, causing her some problems with some creative freelance marketing.  By the 24th century he is grown and working for Suleyman in Fez, monitoring and attempting to frustrate the activities of Labienus, Aegeus, and other parts of the Company working against mortals.

Van Drouten
Orphaned by the Black Death, Van Drouten grew into an unremarkable, plain woman, perfect cover for running Eurobase Five out of a large house in Amsterdam.  This duty she performs right into the 24th century, as we learn in Gods and Pawns.

Enforcers
Enforcers are specially bred cyborgs, created in pre-History from Neanderthal and even stranger hominid stock. They were created as warriors for one purpose, to destroy the prehistoric Great Goat Cult which seemed to be preventing History from happening at all. Unfortunately, they can't be unmade once they accomplish their mission. They are 8 feet tall with helmet shaped heads, hugely strong, and fearless (all other cyborgs are programmed to flee danger). Programmed to kill all who offer violence to others, they are hard to control. Some want to extend their roles to keeping all humans in line. As long as their appearance can be explained away they can be used as soldiers, a role they love. Eventually they must be removed, however...

Budu
Budu is the Enforcer who recruited Joseph while killing the Great Goat Cult fanatics who killed Joseph's parents. Just before he disappears, he meets Joseph for the last time and forces information on him that eventually leads Joseph to discover the secret places where surplus, damaged and renegade cyborgs are held in tanks of fluid in suspended animation. Joseph hopes to find Budu and Mendoza in these places, but eventually he finds Budu's still viable remains elsewhere and transports them to one of the facilities in the hope that they can be re-animated.

Budu also recruited Labienus and Victor, the one in prehistory, the other in Anglo-Saxon Britain.

Marco
Marco, after the destruction of the Great Goat Cult, believes that the fight must continue until all humans who kill are removed from history.  He rebels, is captured, and is sent back in time to 300,000 BCE to operate Options Research.  Here he experiments on suicidal cyborgs, seeking a means of killing them.  This is harder than he or anyone else could imagine, but he enjoys trying.

Acquisition dates
The collection Black Projects, White Knights begins with a preamble story imagining someone stealing a dossier from Dr. Zeus and reading it.  In this dossier are dates and places where various cyborgs were "acquired".  As a sly comment on the foibles of large bureaucracies, the entries give exact Gregorian dates for events in prehistory.
 Joseph, 25 November, 18,415 BCE, Irûn del Mar, Spain.
 Nan, 14 June 1541 CE, Senegal.
 Kalugin, 21 May 1345 CE, Russia.
 Kiu, 3 July, 9000 BCE, Mongolia.
 Joshua (an Enforcer), 18 March, 30,428 BCE.
 Victor, 1 September, 502 CE, England.
 Lewis, 21 June, 103 CE, England.
 Mendoza, 28 June 1541 CE, Spain.

The list also includes "Michael Hanuman", a member of the hominid species Australopithecus afarensis created from the Company's genetic stores, with a date of 14 August, 2320 CE, New Jersey.

Adonai/Nicholas/Edward/Alec
Trying to replace the Enforcers with a breed of mortal who will be easy to control, and not inclined to hang around forever, the Company genetically engineers a series of identical individuals under the project name Adonai. In each case, the embryo is implanted in a mortal woman, and the child allowed to grow without knowing his origins. The first is Nicholas Harpole in Elizabethan times, who is Mendoza's doomed first love. The second is Edward Alton Bell-Fairfax, a Victorian adventurer and secret agent who encounters Mendoza in California, suffering the same fate as Nicholas. The third is Alec Checkerfield, a 24th-century rich kid who is able to hijack high-tech data systems, including Company data and a time machine. He also finds Mendoza and she falls for him all over again. Alec does not die, however. What happens to him is far worse...

The New Inklings
These are the 24th century geniuses who, taking their name from the original Inklings, design all the cyborgs and Adonai. To them it is just a game, a relief from the boredom of their lives, and license to indulge in pleasures from the past which are illegal for everybody else. However they too are being manipulated. The versions of Adonai all have a role to play in the business of Dr. Zeus, and what Alec Checkerfield accomplishes leaves them horrified beyond description.

In the 24th century children are screened for "eccentricity", those judged unable to occupy a place in society being sent to special institutions.  Naturally this includes the unusually gifted or creative ones, and the Company recruits from the institutions.

Rutherford
Rutherford is the first Inkling we meet.  He is about 30 years old in 2350, portly and asthmatic.  He is an incurable romantic and has created for himself the persona of an English academic, even though he was born on the Moon to American parents, who helped him avoid being declared "eccentric".  Rutherford is not the name he was born with.  He is the "ideas" man of the group.

Ellsworth-Howard
Foxen "Foxy" Ellsworth-Howard is a genetic designer responsible for the creation of the Company's operatives.  He too would like to be seen as an academic of sorts, but thanks to an upbringing in a family of "neo-punks" he cannot look or sound the part.  His speech consists of obscene gutter-slang, and his head has been rendered hairless and studded with steel rivets.  He also suffers from bipolar disorder.  The medications he takes for this leave him in a bad mood most of the time.

Like most inhabitants of the time, and unlike his fellow Inklings, Ellsworth-Howard cannot read.  However he can create creatures from raw DNA using his "buke", or personal computer.

Chatterji
Born Francis Mohandas Chatterton he changed his name back to Chatterji, it having been anglicized by his Indian great-grandparents.  He was sent to an institution after his "Pre-Societal Vocational Appraisal", popularly known as the "Sorting", taken by all children at age 10.  Recruited by the Company, he acts as the liaison between the Inklings and the Company board.  He has no need for affectation, having been born into the upper classes of London society.  His one eccentricity is a menthol inhaler which looks like a cigarette holder.  Since smoking is illegal, this occasionally gets him into trouble until he is able to show that it cannot be used for smoking.

At the Sorting, Chatterji was seated next to Alec Checkerfield.  Alec told him which answers to choose during the Sorting test.  Chatterji was subsequently led away to "Hospital" for treatment, leading eventually to his recruitment by the Company, and his working on the Adonai project which led to the birth of Alec Checkerfield.

Defectives
Some early attempts at creating cyborgs resulted in individuals with severe psychological problems.  Since they are "indestructible" they are allowed to wander the world on specific missions for the Company.  One, called Abdiel, services the regeneration tank repositories where many immortals are kept.  Abdiel is unable to retain new memories, and lives in a perpetual Now.  Another, encountered by Kalugin in 19th century California, calls himself Courier, and performs that exact job for the Company.  He cannot stay too long in one place because his short-term memory malfunctions and causes fits of rage.  Later Kalugin encounters Nicoletta, a female Defective on a mission to "take care of mortals", just before a worldwide pandemic reaches his location.

Bobby Ross
Bobby Ross's case is unusual. Recruited from an automobile accident in 1958 at the age of 10, he proved to be a medical disaster as his DNA was too degraded to function in a self-repairing organism.  He suffers from disfiguring growths and other ailments.  Proving to be a mathematical genius, he was allowed to study time travel, but somehow turned himself into a living time machine.  Not only that, he was able to travel to his future, an ability he used to get himself 21st century medical treatment.  Until caught, he lived in 1951, experiencing the same year over and over.  He is able to send objects back in time, and during experiments with sending the same object to the same place and time over and over, he claims to have caused the explosions resulting in the Tunguska event and the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

William Randolph Hearst
This famous and quite real person contacts the Company in 1933 to bargain for a new lease on life at age 70.  Sent to perform the necessary work, Joseph is astonished to find that Hearst should have died at birth, and is only alive because a Company operative was there to implant devices which allowed the malformed baby to live.  Eventually we find that Hearst is still alive in the 24th century, continuing to manipulate the world through the media, and still acting in the Company's interests. It is also strongly implied that the 24th century's extremely rigid restrictions on behavior are at least partly the result of Hearst's manipulations, bringing the behavior of the world's population into line with Hearst's own views on how those less capable than himself should behave.

Hearst's famous residence Hearst Castle, in San Simeon, California, is relatively close (50 miles) from Kage Baker's longtime home, Pismo Beach, California.

Villains ?
Labienus and Nennius are old, old cyborgs who seem to wield much power behind the scenes. Labienus runs Company facilities at various times and is one of the inquisitors (small i) into Mendoza's debacle in California. In The Children of the Company we learn more of his origins, attitudes to mortals, and his relationship with Budu, who recruited him, and whom, like Joseph, he calls "Father". Nennius coordinates some of Joseph's missions, and eventually leads Joseph and Lewis into a trap, apparently with Labienus's encouragement. The two are also behind various pandemics among mortals, possibly starting with the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

Aegeus is another old cyborg, who runs the facility known as Eurobase One in the Cevennes mountains. He plots separately from Labienus for the day when the cyborgs will have enough power to take over from mortals. His ace in the hole is that he created a race of hybrids of humans and Homo Umbratilis, to provide him with technology he can use in his rebellion.

Kiu is an ancient female of Asian heritage.  She has gone farther than most of her age in abandoning any concern with humanity.  Apart from carrying out her missions, she is interested in power, luxury, and recreational sex.  To her humans are a disease on the face of the Earth.  In The Children of the Company she uses her charisma to start a religious cult bent on mass suicide, which is in fact a large-scale test of one of the plagues created by Labienus and his cronies.

Suleyman is a former pirate, based in North Africa, who has built up a power base there and among a Muslim sect worldwide in the 22nd century. He believes that some cyborgs - possibly including Budu - are plotting to kill off mortals with new diseases, in order to take over in 2355. As an ally he can help Joseph when he goes on the run, but he may also wind up on the other side if Joseph joins with Budu.

Victor is a mystery. Sophisticated and gracious, he runs New World One when Mendoza first arrives there. In later stories he admits to being a 'problem solver', someone who does the really dirty work. He never takes off his gloves in company. He is friendly with Suleyman, but may have other motives. He admits to Joseph that he brought about Budu's final downfall, and knows where to find the body. Disabling Budu, who recruited him, is the least of the shameful things the Company has tricked him into doing. He worked for Aegeus when the Homo Umbratilis hybrids were being bred, but later became a member of Labienus' team. He does not know the full extent of Labienus' plots. In later times he seems to operate under the protection of Suleyman.

Artificial Intelligences
Several sentient computer systems are shown in the later novels and stories of the series.  Most exist or originate in the 24th century, associated with Alec Checkerfield.  The most powerful, in the beginning, is his personal AI, known as "The Captain" or "Sir Henry".

"Captain Sir Henry Morgan"
Alec Checkerfield, given an ordinary "Playfriend" educational system at age six, is able to bypass its safety programming.  His ability to instantly comprehend and manipulate technology is part of his genetic makeup as an incarnation of Adonai.  The system had already adopted a personality as a kindly "sea captain".  Thanks to Alec's love of pirate stories, it transforms into a recreation of the famous pirate Sir Henry Morgan.  This embryonic AI, with Alec's help and money, is able to upgrade itself until, by the time Alec is an adult, it is the most powerful AI in the world.  It exists in a network which spans the globe and, eventually, is able to tap into the network run by the Company.  During a raid in which Alec hijacks a time shuttle, the Captain steals most of the Company's data relating to time travel, immortality, and all the schemes and historical manipulations the Company has been involved in.  This then enables Alec to disappear into the past, his first step in rescuing Mendoza from the Company and defeating it in 2355.
Eventually the Captain is given a body to inhabit.

Zeus
Realizing that Alec's AI is a major threat after an encounter in 2351, the Company encourages its tame geniuses, including Bugleg, to transform the Company network into a similar AI.  Having done this they discover they have created Zeus, an entity which, thanks to time travel, always existed even though it was not created until 2351.  As proof of this, as soon as they are finished creating the AI they receive a package ordered two years previously.  In this is a talking computer interface in the likeness of an ancient statue, the Artemision Bronze, thought by some to represent Zeus.

William Shakespeare
The short story The Dust Enclosed Here, published in the collection Black Projects, White Knights, introduces what appears to be a recreation, in holographic form, of William Shakespeare in 24th century London.  Actually it is a recording of Shakespeare's mind, made on his deathbed by a Company agent.  It inhabits a museum where it speaks to visitors, despite the fact that the actual plays are considered unhealthy for people to watch or read (and few people can read anyway).  The recorded personality gradually becomes aware of its surroundings until, thanks to a malfunction, it can switch itself on and wander the museum at night.  A young Alec Checkerfield encounters Shakespeare and hacks the supporting hardware to make Shakespeare fully self-aware and able to manifest himself and anything else from his memory as a hologram at any time.  He is then able to write new plays and produce them on stage when nobody is watching.  Like Captain Morgan, Shakespeare is eventually given a body to inhabit.

Ancilla
Ancilla is part of the Alpha-Omega project preserving genetic material.  Ancilla is a female personality charged with protecting David Reed, a 24th-century mortal who services the equipment, which is located half a million years in the past.  Thanks to cybernetic implants, he can experience a virtual reality world which is partly made up of a real office in 24th century London, and partly of "The Portal", which is where he works on the genetic storage unit.  The virtual world also contains his living quarters, which seem to him like a normal London flat.  Here Ancilla ministers to his every need.  He perceives her as an older lady sitting in a chair, while she carefully monitors his psychological state.  If necessary she can even satisfy him sexually.

When Alec Checkerfield and Mendoza raid Alpha-Omega, they bring their AI Captain Morgan, who overpowers Ancilla in an almost romantic way before they leave with their booty, namely the template for Alec's genome, to be used to make him immortal.  As the Company saga concludes, Alec and his allies resolve to free "spirits trapped in silicon" such as William Shakespeare.  It is possible they also provide for Ancilla.

Cabals and Conspiracies
With centuries to think about the future, and an unknown fate awaiting them in 2355, it is not surprising that various groups of cyborgs have been conspiring to make sure they come out ahead.

The Plague Club
Since he went rogue in 1099 Budu has apparently been gathering disciples.  He was disgusted by the religious wars of medieval times and wished to return humanity to a state where it could be ruled by the Enforcers, who simply kill anyone who makes war on others.  This would mean drastically reducing the population. His recruits included Labienus, who with Nennius began researching plagues as a means of carrying out Budu's vision.  Budu objected to this, but Labienus may have engineered his downfall and gone ahead anyway, beginning with the Spanish flu epidemic.

The Imperial faction
Cyborgs such as Aegeus enjoy a rich lifestyle, propped up by many mortal servants.  They aim to be at the top of the pile with humanity as their slaves.  They see themselves as being the real masters of the Company, with mortals such as Bugleg as mere puppets.

Humanitarians
Suleyman and  his allies aim to frustrate the Plague Club, but also protect the interests of cyborgs against any attempt by the Company to get rid of them, or to place them all in storage.

Mortals
In the 2350s mortals such as Bugleg, the cowardly, introverted leader of the Company expedition recounted in Sky Coyote, become increasingly concerned that the cyborgs outnumber them and will take over.  They attempt to find ways of disposing of the cyborgs, trying poisons etc.  In the Eos (HarperCollins) edition of Sky Coyote an epilog of sorts shows Bugleg's frantic memo to a colleague, followed by Aegeus' sarcastic comments, and Labienus' comment on Aegeus.

Rogues
Both Joseph and Budu are beyond the Company's control.  Joseph revives Budu, but may not like what Budu wants him to do.  Meanwhile Alec is a different kind of rogue, with his own time machine....

Homo Umbratilis
Homo Umbratilis, meaning Man of the Shadows, is the name of a third species of human, after Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Small, pale and furtive, they hide from all contact with humans and cyborgs.  They have racial memory, being born with full recollection of the knowledge of their ancestors. There are hints that they are in fact a hive species, like bees, ants and naked mole-rats, except for some hybrids from raids by humans.  The hybrids are mechanical and scientific geniuses, and may be the source of the technology that the Company uses. They are not very creative, but can focus intensely on developing something, such as a disrupter field that paralyzes the cyborgs, whom they regard as enemies. Attempts to exploit these creatures, once they come to the attention of the Company, is an important element in the series' plot.

An example of their monomania is that, having originally disabled and captured Lewis in medieval Ireland, after he escapes with mortal help they concentrate on recapturing him until the 23rd century, even though there are other cyborgs around for them to capture and study. It is Lewis' encounter with them that lets Aegeus take advantage of their abilities.

In the final novel, The Sons of Heaven, we learn more about these humans, but their origins and final fate remain obscure. A group headed by a female (given the title Quean in the novel) occupies tunnels in an artificial mound known as a "Hill". The Quean is attended by "stupids"&idiot savant workers who can produce technological marvels but are incapable of original thought and have limited communication skills. One of the talents of the Quean is a power of persuasion which can be used on ordinary humans to compel them to do her bidding. Occasionally a homo sapiens male is kidnapped to become the Quean's consort. The children of this union are hybrids known in the Hill as "Uncles". The Quean can mate with Uncles but produce "stupids". The Uncles, bring the queen luxuries from the outside world while waiting for her favors. Eventually the Quean will have a daughter, that if not killed will turn on the queen, and be overthrown with the aid of Uncles. The Uncles and "stupids" share a short life span of a few decades at most. The Quean and her daughters, seem to live much longer, and have instinctual knowledge called Memory which tells them who are they, and what is their role in the Hill.

Thanks to the Company's own breeding program, mortals such as Bugleg, descended in part from captured Queans, have many of the abilities, and shortcomings, of the Homo Umbratilis males.

The Great Goat Cult
This cultural movement is referred to frequently within the novels. The main points that can be gleaned about it are that it was a cult among humans, the main object of which was to wipe out unbelievers. Cult members covered their bodies in tattoos. Unbelievers consisted of anyone who refused to be tattooed, anyone who created any other kind of art (like Joseph's father, a cave painter), and anyone unwilling to join in the killing. The cult seems to have existed for thousands of years across Eurasia and possibly Africa. Joseph's tribe in the Basque region of Spain was wiped out by it circa 18,000 BCE, as was Labienus's village in the Middle East 5000 years later.

From the point of view of the Company in the 24th century, the Cult was impeding the start of civilization. The Enforcers were created to destroy the Cult. Possibly because of their small numbers, a few thousand at most, this seems to have taken them thousands of years.

References

Novels of the Company


Alfons Henri "Rik" Larnoe (18 May 1897 – 24 February 1978) was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament.

References

External links
 Henri Larnoe's profile at databaseOlympics

1897 births
1978 deaths
Belgian men's footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Belgium men's international footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football midfielders
20th-century Belgian people


The 1987–88 season was the 79th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1987 to 30 June 1988. United finished in fifth place, securing UEFA Cup Winners' Cup football for the following season, despite their Scottish Cup final defeat to Celtic (Celtic qualified for European competition as league winners).

Match results
Dundee United played a total of 60 competitive matches during the 1987–88 season. The team finished fifth in the Scottish Premier Division.

In the cup competitions, United lost in the final of the Scottish Cup to Celtic and lost in the Skol Cup quarter-finals to rivals Dundee. Czechoslovakian side Vítkovice ensured United wouldn't repeat last season's UEFA Cup run, beating them in the second round.

Legend

All results are written with Dundee United's score first.

Premier Division

Scottish Cup

Skol Cup

UEFA Cup

Player details
During the 1987–88 season, United used 31 different players comprising four nationalities. Maurice Malpas featured in all but one of United's 60 matches. The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player.

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Goalscorers
United had 19 players score with the team scoring 83 goals in total. The top goalscorer was Iain Ferguson, who finished the season with 16 goals.

Discipline
During the 1987–88 season, two United players were sent off. Statistics for cautions are unavailable.

Team statistics

League table

Transfers

In
The club signed three players during the season with a total public cost of at least £200,000 (one figure unknown).

Out
Four players were sold by the club during the season with a public total of at least £80,000 (some figures unavailable).

Playing kit

The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven Beers for the first time.

See also
1987–88 in Scottish football

References

External links
Glenrothes Arabs 1987–88 season review

1987-88
Scottish football clubs 1987–88 season


Radio Television of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Радио Телевизија Републике Српске / Radio Televizija Republike Srpske or RTRS) is the entity-level public broadcaster which operates radio and television services in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the official public broadcasting service that covers government activities in the Republic of Srpska.

Services
Founded in 1992, RTRS broadcasts a 24-hour television channel known as Televizija Republike Srpske, and one radio station called Radio Republike Srpske. There is also a unit known as Muzička Produkcija RTRS ("Music Production Section of RTRS", locally known as MP RTRS for short) which was established in 2011.

Headquarters of RTRS is located in Banja Luka. Regional radio and TV studios are located in the following cities: Prijedor, Istočno Sarajevo, Bijeljina, Trebinje, Doboj and Brčko.

Radio and television programming is mainly produced in the Serbian language (in one of two alphabets: Cyrillic and Latin alphabet. Since April 2013, RTRS stations are broadcast on Eutelsat 16A (Team:Sat platform).

As of January 2015 RTRS consists of three organizational units:
 Radio Republike Srpske – public radio service ()
 Televizija Republike Srpske – public television channel ()
 Muzička Produkcija RTRS – music production section of RTRS ()

On 19 April 2015, RTRS started to broadcast a second channel called RTRS PLUS.

History
The first experimental programs of Radio Banja Luka were broadcast on 25 January 1967. Regular programming began on 2 February 1967.

In May 1992 Radio Banja Luka became the information-technical center for Bosnian Serb broadcasting, whose main office was in Pale.

In December 1994, Serbian radio-television (Српска радио-телевизија (СРТ) / Srpska radio-televizija (SRT)) was founded, and programs from Banja Luka TV and radio studios were broadcast on demand. RTRS has a permanent staff of 100 journalists, editors, cameramen, musical collaborators and organizers.

See also
  List of radio stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Televizija Republike Srpske
  RTVFBiH
  BHRT
  RTVHB

References

Sources
 Cokorilo, Radmila. Radio as media: Banja Luka: Faculty of Philosophy, 2009. .

External links

  (in Serbian)

 State TV used by pro-Russian leader for political aims in Republika Srpska, Integrity Initiative, October 2018

Publicly funded broadcasters
Television stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mass media in Banja Luka
Television channels and stations established in 1992
Government-owned companies of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Joseph B. "Prince" Musch (12 October 1893 – 25 September 1971) was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament. Joseph played for R.U. Saint-Gilloise and appeared in 258 matches scoring 113 goals.

References

External links
Joseph Musch at databaseOlympics.com

1893 births
1971 deaths
Belgian men's footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Belgium men's international footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders


Charles H. Beaubien (October 22, 1800 – February 6, 1864), also known as Alexis Beaubien, Don Carlos Beaubien and Charles Trotier, was a Canadian-born American fur trader who was one of two investors who owned  of northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado in the Beaubien-Miranda and  Sangre de Cristo Land Grants. He served for a time on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court.

Early life
Beaubien was born in Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Nicolet, Quebec. His birth name was Alexis Beaubien (Sieur de Beaubien is a title, his birth surname is most likely Trotier).

He studied for the priesthood, and was tonsured in 1820.  When he dropped out of the priesthood he changed his name to "Charles" in 1820 and moved to the United States (probably at St. Louis, Missouri where he worked in the fur business with the Chouteau family). There are numerous stories about how he moved west.  He was licensed by William Clark to enter Indian Territory in NM on December 29, 1823.

From another New Mexico History we have that Charles Hipolyte Trotier, Sieur de Beaubien, left the Dominion of Canada for the United States during the War of 1812, and came to New Mexico in 1823, in company with a number of French Canadians who were making investigations in New Mexico.

Beaubien went beyond the Territory controlled by the United States and moved into territory controlled by Mexico and eventually settled at Taos, New Mexico where he applied to become a citizen of Mexico. As it was the custom for administrators, notaries and scriveners to translate Christian names, his name was recorded as "Carlos" instead of "Charles," and so he often appears as Carlos Beaubien in all New Mexico records.

In 1827 he married Maria Paula Lobato in Taos in a ceremony conducted by Antonio José Martínez who would later become his nemesis.  He started a business in Taos.

Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant
In 1840 New Mexico Governor Manuel Armijo imposed a tax on non-native residents in New Mexico and Beaubien's businesses were regularly raided.

Beaubien, hoping to open businesses away from direct Mexican control, enlisted Guadalupe Miranda, the secretary of the government, to petition for a grant of  on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Armijo approved the grant on January 4, 1841 with the provision that the land be settled within two years.

Settlement was delayed by incursions from Texans. In 1843, Beaubien and Miranda signed away one-fourth of their grant to Charles Bent in exchange for help in establishing ranches along the Ponil, Vermejo, Cimarron and Rayado rivers. The grant area became better known as the Maxwell Land Grant
after Beaubien's son-in-law, Lucien Maxwell.

Sangre de Cristo Land Grant
Later in 1843 Beaubien applied for a  grant in the San Luis Valley east of the Rio Grande and extending to the summits of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in southern Colorado. As he already had one grant, the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant went to his 13-year-old son Narciso and a Taos business associate Stephen Louis Lee. Armijo approved the grant on January 12, 1844.

Settlement was delayed by the Mexican–American War in 1846 which changed the political landscape. When Stephen W. Kearney set up government in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1846 and established Charles Bent as governor. Beaubien was named one of the judges on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war affirmed the legality of Beaubien's grant. Settlement along the Rio Culebra began in 1850. Hispanic settlers from New Mexico founded the town of San Luis in 1851. San Luis was the first permanent settlement in Colorado.

Taos Revolt
Beaubien was holding court in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico when the Taos Revolt erupted in January 1847.  In the revolt, Beaubien's son Narciso (freshly arriving from school in Cape Girardeau, Missouri), his partner Stephen Louis Lee, and Governor Bent were killed.

After Sterling Price put down the rebellion, Beaubien was the judge to overseeing the trial of his son's murderers prompting Father Martinez to accuse him of "endeavoring to kill all the people of Taos."

Beaubien turned to his sons-in-law Lucien Maxwell and Jesus Abreu to develop the land grant.

In 1851 he semi-retired from public service.

In 1863 he sold the Colorado land grant to Colorado Governor William Gilpin for approximately four cents an acre ($41,000).

References

Further reading

External links

Ranchers from New Mexico
Emigrants from pre-Confederation Quebec to the United States
People from Centre-du-Québec
People from Taos, New Mexico
1800 births
1864 deaths
Philmont Scout Ranch
People of the Taos Revolt
American people of the Mexican–American War


Coullemelle () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Coullemelle is situated on the D109 and D188 crossroads, some  south of Amiens. It is located close to the Paris meridian at the edge of the Amiens plateau and of the Beauvaisis. Its territory, 954 hectares wide, is in contact with the lands of the neighboring villages of Grivesnes, Cantigny, Villers-Tournelle, Rocquencourt, Quiry-le-Sec and Esclainvillers. Its soil dates from the Tertiary. Under a layer of silt, one finds argillaceous chalk and flints. The plateau slopes gently to the north-east from 160 meters at a place called Le Crocq down to 120 meters in the Coullemelle and Grivesnes valleys. Located 80 kilometers from the sea, the village benefits from a temperate and healthy climate. At the North exit of the Coullemelle wood lies a larris, that is a zone of lawn and poor lands, most interesting for geologists and botanists. The dry valleys of Simie, Langueron, mont Foucart and Coullemelle, oriented N.E.-S.W., ties cuts through the chalky plateau that descends into the dry ravine occupied by trees but also by calcicole lawns. One may find there lady orchids, fragrant orchids, red epacris, superb violet anemone that are exceptional in France, as well as very rare cruciate anemones. The larris, unsuited to culture and which served as a pasture for sheep, are unfortunately more and more overgrown with underbrush.

Distances (in km) and relative positions of surrounding villages.
Point the dots to read the number of inhabitants in 2014.

Toponymy

The name Coullemelle comes from the Latin COLUMELLAE (small columns) which could designate boundary stones delimiting the territory of the village as suggested by places called to this day Les Bornes ("the boundary stones") and Les Hautes Bornes ("the high boundary stones") located on the frontiers of the neighboring communes of Rocquencourt and Villers-Tournelle.

History

Gallo-Roman period
The Roman villas, the substructures of which were identified through aerial photographs shot by Picard archaeologist Roger Agache demonstrate that the area was well exploited during the Gallo-Roman period. They were located between the chemin des Essertis ("the Essertis path") and the Grivesnes valley (average size villa, rectangular farmyard), at l'Epinette (wider villa, with a trapezoidal farmyard and with a legible central building), at the South-East exit of the village, between Pommeroy and le Moulin Prudent ("the prudent mill"). Small substructures scattered over a large area on the South-East corner of the Coullemelle wood could be  remains of a vicus (rural domain). The substructures were partly excavated. The vast majority of the inventoried furniture dates from the first centuries AD. The Neolithic left some traces in the site of l'Epinette ("the spruce"). Similarly, a small square enclosure spotted near le Bois Planté ("the planted wood") between Coullemelle and Grivesnes seems prehistoric.

Merovingian and Carolingian periods
The oldest discovered texts date from years 985 to 989. They recall that every year on St. Mathieu fest, the twenty-four villages depending on the Corbie Abbey were to deliver two or four setiers of honey each and, for twenty-two of them, twenty-five to sixty muids of blackberries. CULMELLAE ou CUMELLAE was concerned by both annual debts. Moreover, the provost of the abbey Saint-Pierre of Corbie was responsible for organizing, at the expenses of the manse of Culmellae a past (annual festive meal) commemorating, every 9 September, Father Isaac. It is not proven that there was a special relationship between the recipient and the donor of the meal. Nineteen manses, seven of which were located in the current district of Montdidier, were to celebrate other abbots. Isaac reigned from 840 to 843, thus his birthday pasts could have occurred after the middle of the ninth century. Queen Bathilde and her son Clotaire III had funded the Corbie Abbey in 657. Coullemelle lands were not part of the first dot, however, they were given to Corbie in the Merovingian or early Carolingian period.

Demographic and economic development during the 12th and 13th centuries
In July 1209, Richard de Gerberoy, bishop of Amiens, founded the cure of Coullemelle (Colonmeles) from the dismembering of the Rocquencourt cure, at the request of Raoul de Clermont, of Foulque, Rocquencourt priest, of Osmond, Coullemelle vavasor and of the village inhabitants that were increasing in number. To this cure was attached the mense of Lord Raoul, located in the Bois (forest), as well as the menses of Fourquivillers (Focolviller) and of Bus Oserain. Saint-Nicolas church was pre-existing the foundation of the cure. The benedictine prior d'Élincourt (in the Oise region) was the precentor. The « Focolviller » quoted in this text is the same as the « Forsenviller » of a chart of 1146 in which Thierry, bishop of Amiens, expresses the rights and the privileges of the benedictin priory of Notre-Dame of Montdidier and gives the list of its belongings such as portions of the forest and of the fields of Fourquivillers. In a bull of 1173, Pope Alexander III confirmed the rights and the possessions of the priory. Osmond mayor had already to deal with the Corbie Abbey in 1174 when he had to recognize that his house in Coullemelle (Colomellis) with belonging to a fief of the abbey and that he owed the abey six capons and two setiers of vine . He also owed the taxes of the Hopital, a lazaret located between Coullemelle, Villers-Tournelle and Rocquencourt. By compensation, the abbot of Corbie granted to Osmond the land of Fros under the express reserve to pay the "terrage" and the tithe to the abbey.

The 14th and 15th centuries, the Hundred Years' War and the Jacquerie
The war between the Plantagenets and the Valois for the throne of France is triggered by the death without heirs of Charles IV. The recovery by Philip VI of Valois of the Ponthieu from his English vassal caused devastation in East Picardy. After the French defeat at Crecy 1360, Ponthieu returned to England. Beauvaisis and Santerre are still controlled by the French, except during the 1429-1431 period when the Burgundians controlled northern Picardy and the English controlled southern Picardy. The English weaken and the war between Burgundy duke Philip the Good and French king Charles VII ends in 1435. However, the region remains disrupted until the late Middle Ages.

For Coullemelle and the nearby villages, the most important event is the Great Peasant Jacquerie in 1358, soon after the defeat of Poitiers and the capture of John the Good by the English. Among the victims of the peasants are the brothers Raoul and Jean de Clermont-Nesle, lords of Coullemelle. On May 28, a convoy from the Montdidier region wants to cross the bridge of Saint-Leu-d'Esserent to deliver grains to the Parisians. The Clermont, who are on their land, opposed. Raoul was killed and his brother managed to escape. This is the beginning of an uprising against the nobility which extends in Beauvaisis, especially in the area of Montdidier. The Jacques loot and burn houses of Raoul and his mother in Fontaine and a mansion belonging to Jean in Courtemanche. Many other castles were destroyed by the Jacques, including those of Cardonnois, Mesnil St Firmin, the Herelle, Breteuil, Folleville, La Faloise, Lawarde-Mauger, Fransures, Louvrechy, Mailly-Raineval, Pierrepont and Moreuil, all less than fifteen kilometers from Coullemelle. The revolt was quickly suppressed. June the 10th, everything is over.

The Jacques were succeed, after a short respite, by big bands of adventurers who plunder and massacre between battles. The Breteuil Castle, destroyed by the English in 1427, is then occupied by captain Blanchefort, companion of La Hire and Joan of Arc, for Charles VII. His soldiers devastated villages among which, probably, Coullemelle. The castle of Folleville passed from one hand to the other. During these troubled times, the lands become worthless. Charles VII fate winner of the war that ended in 1453.

In Coullemelle, the Busozerain farm and three hundred and eighty six journaux (about half a hectare) of land passes from the hands of the abbey of Visigneux to the Celestines of Offemont in 1395 then to the Amiens Celestines in 1435.

In 1488, the stronghold of the Bouteillerie, which includes two hundred journaux, belongs to François de Bourbon as husband of Mary of Luxembourg before being transmitted to John of Fransures in 1494. François is a descendant of Robert of France, sixth son of Saint Louis. Francis and Marie will have as great grandchildren both Henri IV and Mary Stuart. Marie's cousin John of Luxembourg St. Pol (1400-1466), Lord of Haubourdin and Ailly sur Noye whose church contains the monumental tomb where he is buried with his wife Jacqueline of Trémoille. John fought mainly for the Burgundians.

Throughout the war, the local population has decreased. In 1469, Rocquencourt has no more than twenty two fires, Quiry has twenty and Esclainvillers ten. The fifty fires of Coullemelle make it one of the most populated parishes of the provost of Montdidier.

Pierre Hurel from Colomelles, diocese of Amiens, appears in the register of the Masters of the University of Paris in 1349. The university was then divided into four Nations among which Picardy (fidelissima Picardorum natio) gather the students, speaking the same language, from ten dioceses from Laon and Beauvais to Utrecht and Liège. The other three nations were French, English and Norman.

The 16th century, from Charles XI to Henri IV

March 25, 1563, Charles IX ordered the alienation of the fourth part of the clergy property to support the kingdom. Accordingly, Corbie Abbey is obliged to sell part of its properties. The Fourquivillers farm with its two hundred and four journaux is awarded in September by Breteuil Abbey to Lanvin Geoffroy, abbot of Tenailles, Lord of Coullemelle, for three thousand six hundred and twenty six livres. Fourquivillers is then owned by Knights Jean Lanvin, brother of Geoffroy and Olivier Plessis, Lord of Blérancourt and Cuisabot. In 1583, cardinal Sainte-Croix, Abbot of Breteuil, gives the Fourquivillers farm to Antoine Estourmel, Lord of Plainville and Coullemelle. Four years later, Estourmel, who disputed the amount claimed by Breteuil he considers too high in view of the ravages of the soldiery, won his trial. Religious give up their claims and Estourmel pays them a hundred couronnes.

Representatives of the three Estates are called in Peronne in 1567 to draw up the "practice of the government". Sir Geoffrey de Lanvin represents the Estate of nobility for his lands of Coullemelle and Fourquivillers. The first Catholic League is formed there in 1568 headed by Jacques Humières, governor of Picardy, who refused to surrender the city to Protestants as requested by the king. Protestant lands are seized, particularly those of Folleville, Paillart and other lands owned by Louis de Lannoy.

August 3, 1588, the priest Jehan Frère part in the election of the representative of the clergy of the bailiwick of Montdidier to the Estates General of Blois. These Estates General sit on a background of struggles between factions of religious war (1562-1593), the Catholic League accusing the royal authority of complacency towards Protestants. The last forty years of the century were marked by these struggles. In Picardy, Protestantism is mainly a matter of nobles. It has the support of governors Coligny and Louis de Condé. The latter is a nephew of François de Vendôme-Bourbon and Marie de Luxembourg who had held the stronghold of the Bouteillerie between Coullemelle and Villers. He is lord of Breteuil from 1556 to 1569. The novelist Michel Peyramaure to praise the warrior skill of Henry IV, wrote that in 1592 he defeated by surprise the Spanish between Montdidier and Coullemelle "The king was right. The Spanish army was in a hilly country. Farnese had spread its banners around the village of Coullemelle ". This happened in January when the king harassed the Spanish from Rouen to Folleville.

Coullemelle cultivates cereals and woad and has several grain and Waide (woad in Picard) mills on its territory. Grain farming is prosperous enough as opportunities to Flanders are wide open from the warehouses of Corbie. However, the market of waide, which was of great benefit, ends in jeopardy during the war. There remains as traces a place called "ch'moulin" (the mill) and the name of a family still living in the village "the Wadiers". It is the same for another place name: a farm located between Coullemelle, Villers-Tournelle and Rocquencourt that had belonged during the late sixteenth century to the Hospitallers of Saint John. The people of Rocquencourt still speak of this pasture as the "Hospital".

The 17th century

The economic crisis
The Thirty Years' War brought great damage to many surrounding villages. In 1636, the Spaniards plundered and burned castles and houses. At Fontaine, they are accompanied by Polish mercenaries that are the origin of the locality name "Les Pollacs" (the Poles). Between Le Cardonnois and Mesnil-Saint-Georges, the "Coupe Gorge" (throat cut) recalls a victory of local inhabitants reinforced by some soldiers from Montdidier against more than a thousand Spanish soldiers. The Farm of Fourquivillers is destroyed between 1636 and 1640 by Spanish troupes or by a band of welders who ravage the country at this time. The Fronde period induced an economic crisis in the region, the famine and the bubonic plague from the north which in 1668 decimated Amiens, La Faloise, Bonneuil, Moreuil. However, in 1698 the population of Coullemelle reached the number of five hundred after several decades of large excess of births over deaths.

Church and nobility
Among the priests Revel, Carneau, Gallet (1668-1699), Dangest, Godefroy (1700-1706) and Carron (1706-1754), the most famous is Don Carneau, the Parisian poet. The last two at least are buried in the church. In 1617, Vincent de Paul preached at Folleville the sermon which founded the priests of the Mission. He was then tutor of the children of the Gondi family.

The fief of the Chapelle Saint Quentin, independent of the lord of Fourquivillers, is held by the Jesuits of the Collège d'Amiens. They exploit about forty hectares in several fields located between the Croix Masson and Croq. The leases are shared among several laborers of Coullemelle among which the Ponthieu and Revel families whose descendants still lived the village during the last century. The family of Monchy gave several lords to Fourquivillers at the beginning of the century. To Charles, Marquis of Hocquincourt, Marshal of France, succeeded his son Georges and then his grandson Charles. The seigniory and the lands fell into the hands of Antoine de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres by his marriage to Mary Magdalene de Monchy in 1694. The family of Estourmel, linked to that of the Bourbons, also provided with several lords Antoine then Charles, governor of Corbie, and his wife Anne Gobelin of the family of illustrious upholsterers and Anne de Wault, Dame de Monceau, sister of Charles. Anne Gobelin's niece is Marie Madeleine d'Aubray, the famous poisoner known as La Brinvilliers.

The 18th century

Periods of excess mortality

Parish registers provide accurate demographic information. In 1747, fifty-one deaths were reported, whereas the average annual rate was only eleven deaths. This is predominantly due to child death excess: forty-five children under the age of fifteen, sixteen of whom are under the age of two. It is also surprising to note that a peak of ten deaths appears in August with four women aged from seven to sixteen and six children under the age of fifteen. Among them, the children in nanny coming from Paris are numerous to die very young. The surrounding villages do not present this anomaly. Would it be food poisoning? On the other hand, the excess mortality of 1783 (twenty-eight deaths for an average of fifteen) is explained without ambiguity by the exceptional eruption of the Icelandic volcano chain Laki, which, for eight months, emitted thick clouds of toxic gases which had the effect of doubling the number of deaths in England and Northern Europe. A local witness insists on the persistence in June–July of a fog so thick "that we were six weeks without seeing the sun".

Occupations

Most of the inhabitants are plowmen or weavers but craftsmen are also very present. In 1763, there were twenty-three farmers, fourteen wool-workers, twelve carpenters, thatched roofers, shoemakers, marshals, wheelwrights, coopers and a few more rare craftsmen, a sworn surveyor at the bailliage, a cleric lai, a surgeon and two lieutenants. Simon Toulet is a farmer of the lands of Coullemelle for the Corbie Abbey. The year before, the parish received from the army the certificate of the death of Bon Théry. Son of the plowman François Théry and soldier of the Royal Roussillon regiment since 1743, he died in 1660 following wounds received at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec.

Church and nobility

To Antoine Carron, parish priest from 1706 to 1754, succeeded Louis Bourgeois for ten years, François Pommart for two years and Jean Doublet for eighteen years. André Clain was appointed parish priest the year before the Revolution. Abbot Doublet inscribed at the head of the parish book of 1773 that "Coullemelle has for patron Saint Nicholas and for fief lords Messires de Fricamps and the Religious of Corbie". Pierre Violette is a tonsured clerk in 1785 and deacon in 1788. Coullemelle then gather a maximum of five hundred and eighty seven inhabitants: to laborers, households and craftsmen adding prosperous weavers and vine growers.

On a plaque recovered from the ruins of the old church and exposed in the baptistery are inscribed two foundations. One is made by the husbandman Toussaint Revel, the other by « Grégoire Raisin, courier du cabinet du Roy »" (Grégoire Raisin, courier of the King's cabinet).

In the years 1720, Louis Pingré is Lord of Coullemelle. He is followed by Pantaleon Pingré Lord of Fricamps and his widow Marie Catherine who in 1783 gave the seigniory of Fourquivillers and Coullemelle to her cousin Paul François Le Boucher du Mesnil, ultimate lord of the village.

Population

Places of interest

St. Nicolas Church

The main monument of the village is the St. Nicolas Church. It was built after the First World War on the ruins of the old church destroyed in 1918 by the German artillery. The church has been consecrated Mg Lecomte in 1927. The outside is decorated by many corbels and the tympanum of the west portal is remarkable. Its registration in 1994 on the French Natural Heritage Site list (ISMH) was mainly motivated by its interior of Art deco style (more precisely, the so-called Art sacré d'entre-deux-guerres,). The overall harmony of the monument is due to its architects Pierre and Gérard Ansart and  the implementation by the craftsmen of the Groupement de Notre-Dame des Arts is of remarkable quality. Altars, sculptures of simple geometric forms, long sgraffito mural with mosaic inlay, punctuate a beautiful Stations of the Cross. The mosaic of Saint Nicolas at the bottom of the apse, windows, furniture and metalwork, contribute to magnify the decor.

The memorial

The monument, by architect Allard, is located on the central square in front of the school and of the town hall. It wears a large cross of Lorraine and, in low relief, two heads of helmeted soldiers symbolizing the two world wars. Left (first war) the head, surrounded by the names of the battles of Verdun and the Somme, wears an Adrian helmet. The head on the right (Second World War) has a helmet of armored car crew. It is surrounded by the names of the battles of Caen and Paris. The heads are topped with palms symbolizing the sacrifice. The monument was inaugurated in 1946. Below, on a plate, are engraved the names of fifteen soldiers died for France, eleven during the Great War and four in the second war. In addition there are names of three civilians.

Another monument commemorating World War I, is located at the center of the cemetery since 1925. The hexagonal  base of the Calvary bears the names of ten people died for France. One face pays homage to "French and American soldiers killed in defense of Coullemelle in 1918."

Notable residents
 Don Etienne Carneau    (1610 - 1671), writer. Celestin, preacher, translator from Hebrew, Greek, Italian, Spanish, Latin and especially writer. He was born in Chartres in 1606. He entered the orders in 1630 and became the priest of Coullemelle in 1635. Famous author in his time, he published poems, elegies, political songs, stanzas, songs, etc. His main work is probably the stimmimachie  (1656), a long historicomic poem dedicated to Mazarin. He was in charge of the cure of Coullemelle in 1639 when he wrote an Ode addressed to Bishop Faure, Bishop of Amiens on his first general synod. He died in Paris in 1671.
 Grégoire Raisin (-1723), courier of the King's cabinet, worked for Colbert de Torcy, Louis the XIVth Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from  1696 à 1715. He his, in particular, the secret courier between Paris and Rome for Cardinal de Bouillon. Bossuet used his service.
 Lieutenant Cocu (1773 - 1845) soldier who served in all the campaigns of the Revolution and the Napoleonic campaigns. Soldier "of the Republic and the Empire," he participated in the combats of the 103rd Infantry Regiment for the duration of the Revolution and until 1814. He has 20 years in 1893, when military service became mandatory for a period of five years for singles of his age. For him, the military last 20 years. He joined the 103rd, build from the dislocation of the regiment of French Guards (where the famous D'Artagnan has served), which for centuries had been assigned to protect the king. He participated to the campaigns of Germany, Spain, France, Hainaut, Poland, Portugal, Prussia and Switzerland. So he fought, among others, in the battles of Austerlitz, Jena and Leipzig. Back to Coullemelle, Charles Cocu is inscribed in the tax list of years 1819-1821 as a teacher and surveyor. In 1821 it is "churchwarden of the parish factory" (member of the board responsible for the administration of the parish). Appointed treasurer, he resigned in 1826, judging himself as incompetent. At the cemetery, a monument in the shape of a truncated pyramid with carved flags, on a cubic base surrounded by four balusters, today near ruin, is engraved by the list of his military campaigns.
 Jean-François Dubois (1821 - 1901), educator, administrator, writer, founder of the Quebec Commercial Academy. Born in a family of weavers from Coullemelle, called brother Aphraates, this father of the Christian Schools was sent to North America in 1843. He headed the Calvert Hall and founded, around 1857, the Rock Hill College in the state of Maryland then run a community and founded the Quebec Commercial Academy in 1862. The institution became Cégep de Sainte-Foy in 1967 and gathers today about 8000 students which makes it the largest college in the Quebec province. Jean-François Dubois published numerous textbooks in French and English. He then served similar functions in England, Ireland, New York and finally in France as secretary of the General House in Paris.
 Baron Charles Tardieu de Saint Aubanet (1827 - 1902), Mayor of Coullemelle (1860-1876), naval officer and spy. Most romantic character of the village. Former naval officer, he rubbed shoulders, at commandant Rivière salon, with writers such as Alexandre Dumas. His military campaigns that had, among others, led him to the Middle East, where his ship was wrecked, and Morocco earned him admission to the National Order of the Legion of Honor. He resigned from the army in 1864 and became a sort of country squire spending his time in its Amiens hotel and in the castle of Coullemelle, first owned by de la Roque his father in law. He was mayor of Coullemelle up to the beginning of the Republic which imposed him to resign for having celebrated in England the majority of the son of Napoleon the IIIrd. Meanwhile, he was appointed colonel in 1869 at the Mobile National Guard (battalion Montdidier who participated in the defense of Paris). He was then found in ministries for mysterious missions. He served as spy in England and Italy  and was the source of discord between Georges Clemenceau and Joseph Caillaux in particular for his role at the England embassy. He has published "Quelques réflexions sur le livre de l'Armée Française" (Considerations on the French Army white book  from General Niel) in 1867.

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Haut-Médoc () is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for wine in the Bordeaux wine region of southwestern France, on the Left Bank of the Gironde estuary. Covering a large part of the viticultural strip of land along the Médoc peninsula, the zone covers approximately  of its length.

As defined by the original Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) decree of November 14, 1936, its southern edge borders the city of Bordeaux and the Médoc AOC to the north, encompassing fifteen communes exclusive to the appellation, while at the same time it enclaves six appellations made up of  nine communes (Saint-Estèphe AOC, Pauillac AOC, Saint-Julien AOC, Listrac-Médoc AOC, Moulis-en-Médoc AOC and Margaux AOC) that are technically wine-making communes of Haut-Médoc. Similarly, Haut-Médoc is a sub-appellation of the Médoc AOC.

Of Haut-Médoc's fifteen wine-producing communes, eight are located along the waterfront of Garonne and Gironde: Blanquefort, Parempuyre, Ludon, Macau, Arcins, Lamarque, Cussac and Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne. Seven communes lie inland: Le Taillan, Le Pian-Médoc, Avensan, Saint-Laurent-Médoc. Saint-Sauveur, Cissac and Vertheuil.

Few of the estates falling within the generic Haut-Médoc appellation were included in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (as all but six of the 61 are located within the AOCs Margaux, Saint-Julien, Pauillac and Saint-Estèphe), but several were included in the classification Cru Bourgeois.

History
For most of its history, the Haut-Médoc was a vast region of salt marshes used for animal grazing rather than viticulture. In the 17th century, Dutch merchants began an ambitious drainage project to convert the marshland into a usable vineyard area. Their objective was to provide the British market a wine alternative to the Graves and Portuguese wines that were dominating the market. Using technology that was advanced for that time, the Dutch were able to convert enough marshland to allow large estates to form all along the Gironde. Soon the Bordeaux wine regions of Margaux, Saint-Julien, Pauillac and Saint-Estèphe took shape. By the 19th century, the wine region of the Haut-Médoc was one of the most prosperous in France, with wines that had an international reputation that would be unparalleled till the late 20th century.

The area covers approximately 4,600 hectares of declared vineyards, constituting 28.5% of the Médoc total, annually producing on average 255,000 hectolitres of wine. The variation in types of soil is greater than other appellations in the region, ranging from less than ideal terrain, to conditions on a par with some of the enclaved appellations of more celebrated reputation.

Of the permitted grape varieties of Haut-Médoc, 52% of the viticultural area is planted with Cabernet Sauvignon, with additional cultivation of Merlot, Petit Verdot and to a small degree Malbec (locally called "Cot"). Also permitted under the regulations of the AOC are the varieties Cabernet Franc and Carménère.

The INAO specifications demand the following production norms: a high planting density, a minimum of 6,500 plants per hectare, and minimum of sugar,  per litre of must, maximum base yield of 48 hectolitres per hectare, and a minimum alcohol by volume of 10%.

Estates
Of the 392 viticultural properties of Haut-Médoc, 150 participate in winemaking cooperatives, the other 242 being independent wineries.

Notes and references

a.    Cru Bourgeois as a term of classification since 1932, was annulled in 2007, and reintroduced in 2009.

General

 Haut-Médoc Bordeaux.com, Le Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux (CIVB)
 Haut-Médoc AOC decree, INAO

Footnotes

Bordeaux AOCs


HLA-B18 (B18) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*18 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) B*1801, the most common allele is at highest frequencies in Northern Italy and the Balkans, a peak frequency distribution it shares with B*3501.

Serotype
B*18:06 is one of the four B alleles that reacts with neither Bw4 nor Bw6. The others are B*46:01, B*55:03, and B*73:01.

Allele frequencies

References

1


Fernand Nisot (11 April 1895 – 31 July 1973) was a Belgian association football player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. When he played the first time for the national soccer team, he was the youngest player ever: only 16 years and 19 days old. He was a member of the Belgian team which won the gold medal in the football tournament.

References

External links
 Fernand Nisot at databaseOlympics.com

1895 births
1973 deaths
Belgian men's footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Belgium men's international footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football forwards
20th-century Belgian people


Mirat Sarsembayev (born July 13, 1986) is a Kazakh former professional boxer who competed from 2009 to 2010. As an amateur, Sarsembayev won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships and represented Kazakhstan at the 2008 Olympics as a flyweight.

Career
At the 2005 World Championships he beat Don Broadhurst and Walid Cherif but lost the semifinal to Cuban southpaw Andry Laffita. He was a member of the Kazakhstan national team that competed at the 2005 Boxing World Cup in Moscow, Russia.

At the 2006 Asian Games he lost the quarterfinal to Somjit Jongjohor (11:20), and at the 2007 World Championships he lost to the same opponent (8:17).

At the 2008 Olympics he beat Rafał Kaczor of Poland (14:5) but lost to Russian Georgy Balakshin (4:12).

Professional boxing record

External links

2005 results

Living people
1986 births
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Kazakhstan
Boxers at the 2006 Asian Games
Kazakhstani male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan
People from Taldykorgan
Sportspeople from Almaty Region
Flyweight boxers
21st-century Kazakhstani people


Begin is the first Japanese album by J-pop group BeForU member Riyu Kosaka, released June 11, 2004. Many of these tracks are covers of popular bemani songs.

The title track of Riyu's debut single, "True...", is not included on this album. It was included on BeForU's debut album instead. Another version of the B-side track of that single, "Dive to the Night", is included however.

Track listing
 Begin
 Victory!!
 Lifeless
 Remember You...
 Speedy (Album Version)
 Glacial
 Kiss Me
 White Season
 Dive to the Night (TЁЯRA Works remix)
 Candy
 Don't Stop the music!!
 Sweetie (Album Version)
 Song for You (Album Version)
 Shining (Unplugged version)

On 2006, Riyu Kosaka said that Track 1 is a cover of Freedom by BeForU.
Track 2 is a cover of Crash! by Mr. Brian and The Final Band (Dancing Stage Euromix 2)
Track 3 is a cover of Still in My Heart by Naoki (Dance Dance Revolution 5th Mix)
Track 4 is a cover of Remember You by NM feat. Julia (Dance Dance Revolution 5th Mix)
Track 6 is a cover of Hyper Eurobeat by Naoki feat. DDR All Stars (Dance Dance Revolution Extreme)
Track 7 is a cover of Hysteria 2001 by NM (Dance Dance Revolution 7th Mix)
Track 8 is a cover of Silent Hill by Thomas Howard (Dance Dance Revolution 3rd Mix)
Track 9 is a cover of Dive by BeForU (Dance Dance Revolution 5th Mix)
Track 10 is a remake of Candy (Dance Dance Revolution 6th Mix)
Track 11 is a cover of Can't Stop Falling in Love by Naoki (Dance Dance Revolution Solo and Beatmania IIDX 3rd)
Track 14 is a cover of ☆shining☆ by BeForU (pop'n music 9)

Album details
 Arranged by:
 Naoki Maeda (1~3, 5~7, 10, 11, 14)
 Katsumi Yoshihara (2, 12)
 Platinum Patnuz (4, 13)
 Tatsh () (8)
 Jun (9)
 Composed by: Naoki Maeda
 Catalog Number: LC-1280

2004 albums
Riyu Kosaka albums


The 2008 Welsh Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 11 and 17 February 2008 in the Newport Centre in Newport, Wales.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, but he lost his last 16 match against Ali Carter. Mark Selby won his first ranking title by defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan 9–8, after coming back from 5–8 down.

Notable happenings
 Tian Pengfei won the last 3 frames to oust one of the Welsh favourites, Matthew Stevens 5–4.
 David Roe led John Higgins 3–1 before losing 3–5.
 Mark Williams won the last 3 frames to beat Marco Fu 5–4.
 Ali Carter led Neil Robertson 4–0 but won only 5–3.
 Ronnie O'Sullivan won the high break prize with a 143 in the last frame of his 6–3 semi-final victory over Shaun Murphy, surpassing an effort of 134 from Marcus Campbell.
 Mark Selby had a highest break of 77 in the final compared to O'Sullivan's 135.

Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:

Winner: £35,000
Runner Up: £17,500
Semi Finalists: £8,750
Quarter Finalist: £6,500
Last 16: £4,275
Last 32: £2,750
Last 48: £1,725
Last 64: £1,325

Stage one highest break: £500
Stage two highest break: £2,000

Stage one maximum break: £1,000
Stage two maximum break: £20,000

Total: £225,500

Main draw

Top half

Bottom half

Final

Qualifying
Qualifying for the tournament took place at Pontin's in Prestatyn, Wales  between 26 January and 28 January 2008.

Century breaks

Main stage centuries

143, 135, 113, 108, 105, 101  Ronnie O'Sullivan
134  Marcus Campbell
133  Ken Doherty
132, 115, 108, 107  Joe Perry
130, 124  Stephen Hendry
129, 108, 105  Shaun Murphy
125, 114  John Higgins
123, 112  Judd Trump
123  Stuart Bingham
117, 101  Marco Fu
115  Ding Junhui

114, 101  Mark Selby
114, 100  Mark Williams
112  Michael Judge
109  Stephen Maguire
107  Jamie Cope
107  Andrew Higginson
105, 102  Ali Carter
103  Dave Harold
102  Rod Lawler
100  Anthony Hamilton
100  Neil Robertson

Qualifying stage centuries

134  Stuart Pettman
128  Munraj Pal
126  Judd Trump
123  Tony Drago
122  Liang Wenbo
113  Issara Kachaiwong

112  Ian Preece
109  Tom Ford
105  David Roe
104  Jimmy Michie
100  Lee Walker

References

Welsh Open (snooker)
Welsh Open
Open (snooker)
Welsh Open snooker in Newport


William V, Duke of Jülich ( – 25/26 February 1361) was a German nobleman. Some authors call him William I, because he was the first Duke of Jülich; the earlier Williams had been Count of Jülich. Other authors call the subject of this article "William VI"; they count the son and co-ruler of William IV as William V.

William V was the eldest son of Gerhard V of Jülich and Elisabeth of Brabant-Aarschot, daughter of Godfrey of Brabant.

William V was a key political figure of his time, being a brother-in-law to both Edward III of England and Emperor Ludwig IV.  He spent enormous sums of money to have his brother Walram of Jülich appointed as Archbishop of Cologne over Adolph II of the Marck.  In 1337, he was crucially involved in the German-English alliance which caused the start of the Hundred Years' War.  William was an important supporter of Emperor Ludwig and for a time, he supported the Habsburgs against the House of Luxembourg in the Carinthian war of succession.  Upon the collapse of the German-English alliance and the death of his brother-in-law, William switched his allegiance to Emperor Charles IV.  In 1352, he initiated an inheritance tax on Heinsberg-Valkenburg/Monschau.  William won important positions through his Archbishop brother and also served for a time as a field captain for Flanders in the Hundred Years' War.  His sons fought against him during an uprising of part of the Jülich knighthood which opposed inclusion in the increasing territorial state, and he was imprisoned by them in 1349, but released in 1351 due to public pressure.

Upon his father's death in 1328, William became Count of Jülich.  In 1336, William was appointed Margrave by his brother-in-law, Emperor Ludwig IV, and in 1356–57, he was raised to the level of Duke by Emperor Charles IV, thus becoming the first Duke of Jülich.  His skillful marriage policy, especially the marriage of his son Gerhard to Margaret of Ravensberg, heiress of Berg and Ravensberg, enabled him to add territory to the house of Jülich. Upon William's death in 1361, the Duchy of Jülich passed to his second son, William, his eldest son having predeceased.  William and his wife are buried in Nideggen.

He seems to have held the title of Earl of Cambridge from 1340 to his death.

Family and children
On 26 February 1324, in Cologne, William married Joanna of Hainaut (1311 or 13 – 1374). They had the following children:

 Gerhard, Count of Berg and Ravensberg (c. 1325 – 1360), had issue
 William, Duke of Jülich (c. 1327 – 1393)
 Richardis, married Engelbert III of the Marck
 Mary, married Godfrey II of Heinsberg
 Reinold
 Joanna, married William I, Count of Isenburg-Wied
 Elizabeth, married John Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Kent and Sir Eustache d'Aubrechicourt

References

Sources

External links
 genealogie-mittelalter.de

1299 births
1361 deaths
Date of birth unknown
Dukes of Jülich
Burials in North Rhine-Westphalia
House of Jülich
Earls of Cambridge
Peers created by Edward III


Armand J. Swartenbroeks (30 June 1892 – 3 October 1980) was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament.

Honours

Club

Daring Club de Bruxelles
 Belgian First Division: 1911–12, 1913–14, 1920–21

International

Belgium

 Olympic Gold Medal: 1920

Individual

 Former Belgium's Most Capped Player: 1928–1938 (50 caps)

References

External links
 Armand Swartenbroeks at databaseOlympics.com

1892 births
1980 deaths
Belgian men's footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Belgium men's international footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders

pt:Oscar Verbeeck


Oscar Verbeeck (6 June 1891 – 13 August 1971) was a Belgian association football player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament.

References

External links
Oscar Verbeeck's profile at databaseOlympics
Oscar Verbeeck's profile at Sports Reference.com

1891 births
1971 deaths
People from Saint-Josse-ten-Noode
Belgian men's footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Belgium
Olympic gold medalists for Belgium
Belgium men's international footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Brussels


Sensitive Prince (April 1, 1975 – January 24, 1991) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Out of the mare Sensitive Lady, he was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Majestic Prince.

Sensitive Price had the misfortune of being born in the same year as two future Hall of Fame horses, that year's U.S. Triple Crown champion Affirmed and his prime challenger, Alydar.

As a three-year-old, Sensitive Prince won Kentucky Derby prep races in Florida and at Keeneland Race Course. In the 1978 Kentucky Derby, which he entered undefeated under jockey Mickey Solomone, he took the lead early and held it until the field turned for home before fading to finish sixth. Later that year, he finished second in record time to Affirmed in the Jim Dandy Stakes at Saratoga Race Course but won three important races including the Jerome Handicap at Belmont Park.

Racing at age four, Sensitive Prince got his first important win of 1979 in the Gulfstream Park Handicap, then added two handicap wins before being retired to stud at the end of the racing season, having set three track records during his career.

As a sire, Sensitive Prince stood for a time at Wimbledon Farm in Lexington, Kentucky. He met with modest success, siring six stakes winners.

References
 January 16, 2001 Bloodhorse.com article on Affirmed and Sensitive Prince
 Sensitive Prince's offspring at the Triple Crown database by Kathleen Irwin and Joy Reeves
 Sensitive Prince's pedigree and partial racing stats
 1984 photo of Sensitive Prince at the Barbara D. Livingston Gallery

1975 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Horse racing track record setters
Thoroughbred family 20-c


Francis Brownell may refer to:

 Francis E. Brownell (1840–1894), Union Army soldier, a Medal of Honor recipient for his  actions during the American Civil War
 Francis H. Brownell (1867–1954), businessman, lawyer, and Washington state pioneer


The 2008 Bosaso bombings occurred on February 5, 2008. Explosives, timed to go off together in north-eastern Somalia city of Bosaso, killed at least 20 people and wounded over 100.

References

Somalia War (2006–2009)
Al-Shabaab (militant group) attacks
Mass murder in 2008
Terrorist incidents in Somalia in 2008
February 2008 events in Africa
February 2008 crimes


Armando Carpio Sanchez (June 15, 1952 – April 27, 2010) was a Filipino politician. He is a former two-term mayor of Santo Tomas, Batangas and one-term governor of the Province of Batangas. During his term as governor, he was also the  treasurer of the League of Provinces of the Philippines.

Political career

Mayor of Santo Tomas, Batangas
During the 1998 elections, he ran for mayor of Santo Tomas, Batangas, which he subsequently won.

Batangas Governorship

After two terms as mayor of Sto. Tomas, he decided to run as Batangas Governor. He ran as the Liberal Party official candidate during the 2004 elections. His opponents included former Justice Secretary Hernando Perez, former Board Member Dennis Hernandez and former Nasugbu Mayor Rosario Apacible.

One of his projects during his term was the beautification of Batangas Capitol Grounds. He facilitated the relocation of national government agencies and squatters who occupied a portion of the Capitol Grounds.

During his governorship, allegations of corruption surfaced. On May 30, 2005, Batangas ombudsman and graft investigator Guillermo Gamo was gunned down in Batangas City on his way to the capitol. At the time, Gamo was investigating what he described as multimillion-peso anomalous deals and projects at the capitol.

On April 13, 2015, Melinda “Mei” Magsino, a journalist of the Philippine Daily Inquirer until 2005 who covered corruption and illegal gambling ("jueteng") issues in Batangas, was also shot dead. Records from the National Union of Journalists in the Philippines (NUJP) showed that Magsino reported “threats” to her life sometime in 2005, during which she exposed alleged corruption and illegal gambling activities of late Batangas Governor Armando Sanchez.

Assassination attempt
He survived an assassination attempt on June 1, 2006, when he was able to get out of his Hummer H2 that exploded while boarding it inside the Batangas Capitol Grounds. His driver and bodyguard were killed during the explosion.

2007 Elections
During the 2007 elections, he opted to run for re-election as governor. He was the official candidate of Kampi, a pro-administration party. He faced Lipa City Mayor Vilma Santos-Recto who was the official candidate of Lakas CMD, another pro-administration party. Since two pro-administration candidates were battling it out for the governorship of Batangas, administration officials opted to declare the Province of Batangas a "free-zone".

Santos-Recto is the wife of then Senator Ralph Recto who was running for re-election as part of the pro-administration Team Unity. Since Sanchez was a member of the League of Provinces of the Philippines, governors threatened to junk the candidacy of Recto as senator.

Sanchez lost to Santos-Recto by more than 100,000 votes.

2010 Elections and death

Sanchez, once again ran for the gubernatorial position with Edwin Ermita, who was the defeated running mate of Santos-Recto in 2007, as his running mate. Sanchez was rushed to the Mary Mediatrix Medical Center in Lipa City on April 26, 2010, after collapsing during a campaign and was placed inside an intensive care unit. Sanchez suffered a stroke due to fatigue, decreased sugar levels and severe hypertension, dying April 27, 2010. His wife, Edna, announced her bid for governorship on April 30, 2010, even though she was seeking reelection as mayor in Santo Tomas, Batangas. Six days later, she filed her Certificate of Candidacy for governor and was later permitted to run. On the election day, she lost to incumbent governor Vilma Santos, who received 59.63% of the votes. Sanchez only received 38.91% of the votes or 393,586 popular votes.

Personal life
Sanchez was an engineer by profession. He was married to Edna Sanchez, the incumbent mayor of Santo Tomas, Batangas. They have four children.

He was also a founding president of Batangas Varsitarian fraternity.

References

|-

1952 births
2010 deaths
Governors of Batangas
Mayors of places in Batangas
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino politicians
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino politicians
Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
Lakas–CMD (1991) politicians
Nacionalista Party politicians
People from Batangas
University of the East alumni