Feminist literature is fiction, nonfiction, drama, or poetry, which supports the feminist goals of defining, establishing, and defending equal civil, political, economic, and social rights for women. It often identifies women's roles as unequal to those of men – particularly as regarding status, privilege, and power – and generally portrays the consequences to women, men, families, communities, and societies as undesirable.

History

In the 15th century, Christine de Pizan wrote The Book of the City of Ladies which combats prejudices and enhances the importance of women in society. The book follows the model of De Mulieribus Claris, written in the 14th century by Giovanni Boccaccio.

The feminist movement produced feminist fiction, feminist non-fiction, and feminist poetry, which created new interest in women's writing. It also prompted a general reevaluation of women's historical and academic contributions in response to the belief that women's lives and contributions have been underrepresented as areas of scholarly interest. There has also been a close link between feminist literature and activism, with feminist writing typically voicing key concerns or ideas of feminism in a particular era.

Much of the early feminist literary scholarship was given over to the rediscovery and reclamation of texts written by women. In Western feminist literary scholarship, Studies like Dale Spender's Mothers of the Novel (1986) and Jane Spencer's The Rise of the Woman Novelist (1986) were ground-breaking in their insistence that women have always been writing.

Commensurate with this growth in scholarly interest, various presses began the task of reissuing long-out-of-print texts. Virago Press began to publish its large list of 19th and early-20th-century novels in 1975 and became one of the first commercial presses to join in the project of reclamation. In the 1980s, Pandora Press, responsible for publishing Spender's study, issued a companion line of 18th-century novels written by women. More recently, Broadview Press continues to issue 18th- and 19th-century novels, many hitherto out of print, and the University of Kentucky has a series of republications of early women's novels.

Particular works of literature have come to be known as key feminist texts. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) by Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. A Room of One's Own (1929) by Virginia Woolf, is noted in its argument for both a literal and figural space for women writers within a literary tradition dominated by patriarchy. Germaine Greer's  The Female Eunuch (1970) questions the self-limiting role of the woman homemaker.

The widespread interest in women's writing is related to a general reassessment and expansion of the literary canon. Interest in post-colonial literature, gay and lesbian literature, writing by people of color, working people's writing, and the cultural productions of other historically marginalized groups have resulted in a whole scale expansion of what is considered "literature" and genres hitherto not regarded as "literary" such as children's writing, journals, letters, travel writing, and many others are now the subjects of scholarly interest. Most genres and subgenres have undergone a similar analysis, so literary studies have entered new territories such as the "female gothic" or women's science fiction.

According to Elyce Rae Helford, "Science fiction and fantasy serve as important vehicles for feminist thought, particularly as bridges between theory and practice." Feminist science fiction is sometimes taught at the university level to explore the role of social constructs in understanding gender. Notable texts of this kind are Ursula K. Le Guin's The Left Hand of Darkness (1969), Joanna Russ' The Female Man (1970), Octavia Butler's Kindred (1979), and Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale (1985).

Feminist nonfiction has played an important role in voicing concerns about women's lived experiences. For example, Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings was extremely influential, as it represented the specific racism and sexism experienced by black women growing up in the United States.

In addition, many feminist movements have embraced poetry as a vehicle to communicate feminist ideas to public audiences through anthologies, poetry collections, and public readings.

Feminist children's literature

Feminist children's literature is the writing of children's literature through a feminist lens. Children's literature and women's literature have many similarities. Both often deal with being weak and placed towards the bottom of a hierarchy. In this way feminist ideas are regularly found in the structure of children's literature. Feminist criticism of children's literature is therefore expected, since it is a type of feminist literature. Feminist children's literature has played a critical role for the feminist movement, especially in the past half century. In her book Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics, bell hooks states her belief that all types of media, including writing and children's books, need to promote feminist ideals. She argues "Children's literature is one of the most crucial sites for feminist education for critical consciousness precisely because beliefs and identities are still being formed".

Feminist science fiction

Feminist science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction (abbreviated "SF") focused on theories that include feminist themes including but not limited to, gender inequality, sexuality, race, economics, and reproduction. Feminist SF is political because of its tendency to critique the dominant culture. Some of the most notable feminist science fiction works have illustrated these themes using utopias to explore a society in which gender differences or gender power imbalances do not exist, or dystopias to explore worlds in which gender inequalities are intensified, thus asserting a need for feminist work to continue.

Popular feminism literature

See also
 List of feminist literature
 Feminist literary criticism

References

Literary genres


William Bond Keightley (December 17, 1926 – March 31, 2008) was the equipment manager for the University of Kentucky men's basketball team, a position he held for 48 years. Known affectionately to most as "Mr. Wildcat," players referred to him as "Mr. Bill" or "Big Smooth."

Early life and career
Keightley was an All-State center for now-defunct Kavanaugh High School in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky. He graduated in 1944. He enlisted with the United States Marine Corps, and served in World War II.

Keightley was working as a postal carrier in 1962 when fellow postal employee George Hukle asked him to become his assistant at his other job—equipment manager for the University of Kentucky basketball team. Keightley accepted the position; ten years later, he succeeded Hukle as equipment manager. He held the post during the tenures of coaches Adolph Rupp, Joe B. Hall, Eddie Sutton, Rick Pitino, Tubby Smith, and Billy Gillispie.

Honors and awards

Keightley was on three NCAA Championship teams (1978, 1996, 1998) with the Wildcats.  He wore one championship ring on each hand and kept the third ring in his pocket.
In 1997, the university retired a jersey in honor of Keightley. He and broadcaster Cawood Ledford are the only two people who did not play for or coach the Wildcats that have received such an honor. For the 2009 season, the jersey was given the number #48 to reflect his 48 years of service (previously it simply read "UK" for the number)
In 2001, Keightley was featured on special edition bottles of Maker's Mark bourbon.
In 2002, the university presented the first Bill Keightley Award. The award is given to "the individual who understands and exemplifies the pride, respect and the positive attributes associated with being a part of the Kentucky basketball program."
In 2005, he was honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the university's annual "Catspy" awards.
On May 2, 2007, Keightley was inducted into the Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame.
On October 11, 2008, during Midnight Madness, Keightley was honored at the home bench of the Wildcats where his seat was. His daughter Karen and his fellow equipment manager assistants pulled off a piece of the basketball court as a memorial to remember him by.  During that season, the "K" (in KENTUCKY) on the front of the player's jerseys was done in black as a tribute.
Several oral history interviews with Keightley were conducted by the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History at the University of Kentucky Libraries between 2005 and 2007 and can be accessed online: William B. Keightley Oral History Project
In the 2013–14 season, Kentucky's men's basketball team scheduled a series of home games called the Keightley Classic in Keightley's honor.

Family
Keightley was married to Hazel (Robinson) Keightley. The couple had one daughter, Karen, who formerly worked at the university's veterinary science center, and is now employed with the athletic department. Keightley was an avid fan of the Cincinnati Reds.

Death
Keightley died on March 31, 2008, after suffering a fall from a bus on his way to the season opening Cincinnati Reds baseball game versus the Arizona Diamondbacks. The cause of death was internal bleeding caused by a previously undiagnosed tumor on his spine. His memorial service was attended by many prominent basketball coaches, including Billy Gillispie, Rick Pitino, Billy Donovan, Rick Stansbury, and John Pelphrey (also a former Kentucky player). Many other former Kentucky basketball players attended as well, including former Louisville Cardinal player Ellis Myles.  The Wildcats did not hire a new equipment manager for the 2009 season and in fact left his chair on the bench empty for the season. As an additional tribute, the first "K" in "KENTUCKY" on the players jerseys for the 2009 season was black outlined.

References

Notes

1926 births
2008 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
People from Lawrenceburg, Kentucky
Sportspeople from Lexington, Kentucky
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball


The 1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies finished with a 41–50 record (34–39 while in Chicago, 7–11 while in Allegheny City) in the Union Association, finishing in sixth place. This was the only season the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.

The team moved from Chicago to Allegheny City (today a part of Pittsburgh's North Shore) after their game of August 22. The team folded completely after their game of September 18, which was about a month before the 1884 season was scheduled to be over.

With the Wilmington Quicksteps also having folded on September 21, and with about a dozen games remaining to be played, for the final games of the season the two defunct teams were replaced by teams from Milwaukee and St. Paul.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1884 Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies team page at Baseball Reference

Chicago Browns Pittsburgh Stogies season


Stone Quarry Hill Art Park is an outdoor sculpture park located near Cazenovia, New York. It is open every day from dawn to dusk. The Art Park provides visitors the opportunity to explore unique outdoor artwork amidst 104 acres of conserved land, along four miles of trails, with vista views of the breathtaking rural landscape of Cazenovia and Madison County in Central New York. Inspired by the relationship between art and nature, the Art Park is dedicated to providing a unique environment for emerging and established artists to produce and showcase works in natural and gallery settings. Stone Quarry Hill Art Park is a non-profit organization that relies on memberships and donations to support its programs. Its mission is to educate and engage people and landscape through exhibitions, workshops, tours, and community outreach programs in the arts.

In addition to its art and nature programming, the Art Park catalyzes the production of site specific works of art through its Artist in Residence Program. Since its incorporation in 1991, over 100 artists from 19 states and 8 foreign countries have created artwork that responds to the landscape of Stone Quarry Hill Art Park.

History
Cazenovia was established in 1793 by John Linklaen. In 180, the property at 3883 Stone Quarry Road was settled as an early 19th century farm by a widow, Mary Hackley, and her two teenage sons. The foundations, hedgerows and a few apple trees make up what is currently referred to as the "Homestead Site," the oldest remains on the property. In the 1840s the quarry along Stone Quarry Road, opened and operated on a small scale until the late 1800s. Remnants from the quarry are still visible from Stone Quarry Road as one approaches the entrance to the Art Park. After many changes in ownership and changes in land boundaries, Dorothy and Robert (Bob) Riester, made their first land purchase in 1958, which included the 23 acres of Mary Hackley’s Farm.

From 1959–1965 the Riesters worked on building a house on the hilltop. Dorothy designed the house, shaped like a cone on its side, in keeping with the contours of the hill and considering the wind direction and bedrock of the land. The Dorothy Riester House and Studio (affectionately referred to as the Hilltop House) is a work of art in itself, much of it hand built by the couple. It is complete with an ivy-covered entryway fashioned after a Japanese Genkan, six-walled library and music room, a greenhouse plant room, handmade tiles for the kitchen and bath, sand-cast walls and fireplace, concrete work and painting.  An A-frame art studio was also built to accommodate Dorothy's artistic practice. In 1965, the Hilltop House became a permanent home for the couple. By 1970, the site began its path as a place of artistic activity with the addition of the Art Barn studio, which became a base for the Syracuse Ceramic Guild. The studio was equipped with electric, salt and raku kilns. In 1979, the Syracuse Ceramic Guild initiated the annual Pottery Fair that the Art Park continues to host on its land. As the years went on, the Art Park continued to grow, it was incorporated as a non-profit in 1991. Shortly after the incorporation, Dorothy and Bob Riester hosted the first outdoor exhibition, “Sculpture on the Hilltop.” Today, the Art Park offers indoor and outdoor exhibitions, artist residencies, artist-led workshops, special events, and educational tours.

The Dorothy Riester House and Studio

The Dorothy Riester House and Studio, the former home of Art Park founders Dorothy and Robert Riester remains at the hilltop locus of the Art Park. On March 19, 2014, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The home and studio space is listed under Criterion C as a highly intact example of a mid-twentieth century modern house and artist studio. The home was designed and built by the Riesters, with help from local contractors Dan McCabe, Gordon Bowers, and Sam Flatt. The home reflects Dorothy’s artistic viewpoint with additions such as the sculpted fireplace, textured barn board interior walls, and customized sandcast walls.

Artworks
The Art Park displays many sculptures from the founder, Dorothy Riester, mixed in with rotating sculptures from artists-in-residence and collections around the world, including but not limited to works by Emilie Brzezinski, Rodger Mack, Enrique Saavedra, Esther Benedict, Christopher Gentner, Michael Kalish, and Takafumi Ide.

References

External links
 Stone Quarry Hill Art Park's Official Website
 Stone Quarry Hill Art Park Event Archive
 Images of The Pieces
 Images of the Park Landscape
 Images of Park Events
   Article on Sculpture.net Forumn vBulletin v3.6.8, Copyright ©2000–2008, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd
 "Sculpture In the Open Air" article by Leah Hansen

Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in New York (state)
Outdoor sculptures in New York (state)
Art museums and galleries in New York (state)
Museums in Madison County, New York
Art museums established in 1991
1991 establishments in New York (state)


Marthe Boël (; Ghent, 3 July 1877 – 18 January 1956) was a Belgian feminist.  She was the third daughter of the liberal senator Count Oswald de Kerchove de Denterghem and Maria Lippens, daughter of August Lippens.

Biography
She studied in Ghent and Paris, where she obtained the brevet supérieur in 1895. In 1898, she married Pol Boël, director of the Usines Gustave Boël in La Louvière. She engaged in several charities and founded the Cercle des Dames Libérales. Through her father she came into contact with the Belgian feminist movement and where she met Hélène Goblet d’Alviella and Jane Brigode. When World War I broke out she started working as a nurse and joined the Union patriotique des femmes belges led by Jane Brigode. She joined the resistance and was arrested, together with her husband, in October 1916 and after a trial in Charleroi imprisoned in Siegburg. Her health deteriorated during her stay in prison and in 1917 she was exchanged for Frau von Schnee, the wife of the governor of German East Africa. The remainder of the war she lived in exile in Gstaad (Switzerland).

As a war hero, she was one of few women who were allowed to vote in Belgium in national elections after the war. Jane Brigode introduced her to the Liberal Party, where in 1919 she became a member of the Commission on Women problems under Paul-Emile Janson. Disappointed by the reluctance of the political parties to grant women the right to vote, she organized in 1920 the first Women Conference together with Jane Brigode. In 1921, she and Jane Brigode founded the Union des femmes liberales de l’arrondissement de Bruxelles and in 1923 they founded, together with Alice De Keyser-Buysse the National Federation of Liberal Women, of which she became the first President. She resigned however in 1936 as she wanted to broaden her horizon and work over the boundaries of political parties.

In 1921 she had become a member of the National Council of Women (Conseil National des Femmes Belges - CNFB) which had been founded by Marie Popelin in 1904 and in 1935 she succeeded Marguerite Van de Wiele as its president. In 1936, at the conference of Dubrovnik, she was elected President of the International Council of Women. As a member of the Union belge pour la Société des Nations, she had contacts with Paul Hymans,  and Jules Destrée. She was appointed by the League of Nations as President of the commission for the emancipation of women and the international political role of women.

At the outbreak on World War II, she retreated at her estate in Chenoy near Brussels where her husband died in 1941. When the Université Libre de Bruxelles had to close its doors by the Nazis, she provided space at her estate and a meeting place. After the war, in 1947, she resigned as President of the International Council of Women. In 1952 she spoke for the last time at a conference of the council at the Acropolis from the Parthenon, the temple of Pallas Athena.

She was honored at several occasions for her work, she died on 18 January 1956.

Bibliography
 Marthe Boël, 1920-1950. Trente ans d'activité féminine. Extrait de discours et de messages, Paris-Brussels, A l'enseigne du Chat qui pêche, 1950.
 Marthe Boël and Christiane Duchène, Le féminisme en Belgique 1892-1914, Brussels, Editions du Conseil national des femmes belges, 1955.

Sources
 Duchène, C., in : Biographie Nationale, Brussel, Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts, 1866–1986, XXXIV, 1968, kol. 87–93.
 B. D'hondt, Gelijke rechten, gelijke plichten. Een portret van vijf liberale vrouwen, Liberaal archief
 Le Flambeau, jg. 39, 1956, nr. 2, Huldenummer Marthe de Kerchove de Denterghem baronne Boël.

1877 births
1956 deaths
Politicians from Ghent
Belgian feminists
Belgian women's rights activists
Liberal Party (Belgium) politicians


Richard Knightley (3 June 1593 – 8 November 1639) was an English lawyer and politician, who was a Member of Parliament, and Sheriff of Northamptonshire in 1626.

Although not as well known as John Pym, or his neighbour and friend, John Hampden, he was a long-time, high-profile opponent of the policies of Charles I. In 1630, he was a founder of the Puritan-backed Providence Island colony, which provided an organisational structure for what became the Parliamentary opposition prior to the 1642 to 1646 First English Civil War.

He died in September 1639, without children.

Biographical

Richard Knightley was born 3 June 1593, only surviving son of Edward Knightley, 1562 to 1598, and his wife Mary Coles, 1577 to 1610. His grandfather Sir Richard Knightley, 1533 to 1615, came from a powerful Northamptonshire family, and was a leading Puritan activist.

Only five years old when his father died, he became a ward of Sir Thomas Smythe, who among many other business ventures, served as treasurer of the Virginia Company from 1609 to 1620. Knightley became a member of the company in 1618.

In 1614, he married Bridget Lucy (ca 1597–1641), but they had no children; after his death, she was reported to be "a lunatic". Four years later, he succeeded his uncle Sir Valentine Knightley, and inherited Fawsley Hall; on his death, it passed to his cousin, another Richard Knightley, (1580–1650).

Career
Although Knightley attended legal school at Gray's Inn, its major impact seems to have been introducing him to a group of Puritan divines, including renowned preacher, Richard Sibbes. However, Puritan simply meant anyone who wanted to reform, or 'purify', the Church of England, and covered many different views, on both doctrine and governance. Presbyterian Calvinists like Knightley were the most prominent, but Sibbes was an example of many who remained conforming members of the church.

After graduating in 1613, rather than becoming a lawyer, he applied for a license to travel in Europe, but this was refused. He married in 1614, then succeeded his uncle Sir Valentine in 1618; he later used his new status to install the Puritan nonconformist John Dod as vicar of St Mary's, Fawsley.

He was returned as Member of Parliament for Northamptonshire in 1621, and like his contemporaries John Pym and John Hampden, became notable for his anti-Catholicism. In the 17th century, religion and politics were considered interdependent; 'good government' required 'true religion', and alterations in one, implied alterations in the other. It also reflected wider concerns James was failing to support Protestant Europe, and his own son-in-law, when it was under attack from a Catholic Counter-Reformation.

1624, 1625 and 1628, and also served as High Sheriff of Northamptonshire for 1626–27. He refused to pay the King's forced loan in 1627, and thereafter acted in the House of Commons with Sir John Eliot and John Hampden in their resistance to the royal policy.

He died in September 1639, and was buried at St Mary's, Fawsley.

Footnote

References

Sources

1593 births
1639 deaths
High Sheriffs of Northamptonshire
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1625
English MPs 1628–1629


John Graham (17541 November 1817) was an 18th-century Scottish painter and teacher of art.

Life

Graham was born in Edinburgh and apprenticed to a coach-painter in Edinburgh, George MacFarquhar. He next moved to London and became a coach-painter. He started studying at the Royal Academy Schools and exhibited there between 1780 and 1797. Graham also painted an Othello and Desdemona for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery.

Graham was nominated four times between 1793 and 1797 for associate membership to the Royal Academy, but failed to win election. Duncan Thomson, in his article in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, paraphrases Joseph Farington, who told Thomas Lawrence, that "Graham was a candidate he would certainly not vote for, in what he considered a very weak field". Thomson speculates that these failures prompted Graham to consider returning to Scotland.

Through the influence of the banker Sir William Forbes, Graham acquired the position of "public Teacher of Art" in Edinburgh in 1798. The painter Benjamin West, who had called Graham "an ingenious man", "felt he was ideally suited for the position". The board of trustees for fisheries, manufactures, and improvements, forerunners of the trustees of the National Galleries of Scotland, had established a drawing academy in 1760 to improve industrial design. Before officially starting his labors, Graham held a public exhibition of his work in Edinburgh. The academy followed the system of the Royal Academy Schools, but did not include drawing from life. Concerned that he was "perceived only as a teacher of artists sponsored by the board", Graham took on several private students, girls at one time of the day and boys at another. Twelve lessons cost two guineas.

According to Armstrong, Betterton, Johnstone, Stephen, and Thomson, he was an "inspirational and effective" teacher and "a number of important nineteenth-century Scottish artists benefited from his teachingDavid Wilkie, William Allan, John Burnet, Alexander Fraser, Walter Geikie, John Watson Gordon, John Henning, and William Home Lizars. In 1859, the Royal Scottish Academy bought his The Disobedient Prophet, writing of Graham that he was a "Master to whom Scottish Art had been considerably indebted". The painting hung in the National Gallery of Scotland until 1896, when it disappeared. Graham painted portraits, including one of the actress Tryphosa Jane Wallis, and Alderman John Boydell. He also painted animal pictures, such as the series of lion and tiger paintings he made of the menagerie in the Tower of London.

Graham died at his home "'after a severe and lingering illness'" on 1 November 1817.

Works
 Daniel in the lions' den (1780)
 Una (1783)
 Ceres in Search of Proserpine (1786)
 The Escape of Mary, Queen of Scots, from Lochleven Castle, presented by Alderman Boydell with a portrait of himself, also of Graham, at Stationers' Hall
 Mary, the Morning before her Execution (1792)
 King David instructing Salomon (1797)
 The Funeral of General Fraser at Saratoga
 The Disobedient Prophet, National Gallery of Scotland

Notes

References

 Thomson, Duncan. "John Graham". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved on 8 February 2008.

Further reading

External links

1817 deaths
1754 births
18th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
19th-century Scottish painters
19th-century Scottish male artists
Academics of the Trustees' Academy


The Ridderstad family is a Swedish noble family originating in Estonia. The family seat was located at Riddersholm in Uppland, Sweden.

Notable members
Carl Fredrik Ridderstad, 1807–1886, Swedish liberal politician and newspaper man, in 1840 he became partner of Östgöta Correspondenten.
Anton Ridderstad, 1848–1933, Swedish officer and historian, founded Captain Anton Ridderstads Foundation in 1932.
Eskil Ridderstad, 1881–1962, Swedish newspaper man.
Fred Ridderstad (born 1948), Swedish curler.
Sture Ridderstad, 1911–1989, Swedish actor.
Gunnar Ridderstad, born 1941, Swedish newspaper man.

References

Swedish families
Swedish noble families


Robert Fitzpatrick (July 2, 1937 – October 23, 2010) was an American actor, lawyer, film producer, and music executive.

Fitzpatrick born in San Antonio, Texas, brought up in New Jersey and ran away from home and went to New York at the age of 15 where he became an actor off-Broadway. He put himself through Princeton University and enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, eventually serving as a captain in Vietnam during that conflict. Upon discharge, he went to Hollywood and worked as an actor and model, playing in several 20th Century Fox films including Dear Brigitte and Goodbye Charlie. He put himself through UCLA Law School, earning an LLB and a JD degree and became a well known entertainment attorney representing many musical acts including The Beatles, The Who, The Rolling Stones and Peggy Lee.

Later, he joined Robert Stigwood to become President of Stigwood Fitzpatrick Inc. and managed such groups as Cream and The Bee Gees. He founded, along with Stigwood, Casserole Music Corporation and served as its CEO and President. He served on the Board of Hair's Natoma Entertainment Group, produced Hermione Baddeley in the stage presentation of Why Not Tonite? and produced the Emmy Award winning "Underground" with Chuck Collins in Chicago. He managed many well known musical acts during this period including Mitch Ryder & The Detroit Wheels, Arthur Lee & Love, Peggy Lee, Taj Mahal, The Buckinghams, Shady Lady, Dick Dale & The Del-tones, Dobie Gray, Crabby Appleton and many more. He also managed Don Johnson, Jay North (Dennis the Menace) and Theodore Wilson. He has worked on the soundtracks of many motion pictures including Pulp Fiction, Remember the Titans and The 51st State.

At the time of his death, Fitzpatrick was the President of Allied Artists International, Inc., parent of Allied Artists Pictures, Allied Artists Music Group and the various Allied Artists Entertainment Ventures.  Throughout his career, Fitzpatrick worked as President and CEO of Vista Ave Entertainment Group, a multi faceted film and music company, RFO Entertainment, a management and production company and the Robert Fitzpatrick Organization. Shortly before his death, Fitzpatrick was interviewed by the Archives of Music Preservation in what is believed to be his last interview, speaking about representing The Beatles.

Death
Fitzpatrick died on October 23, 2010, aged 73, in Los Angeles, of lung disease.

References

1937 births
2010 deaths
Lawyers from San Antonio
Princeton University alumni
UCLA School of Law alumni
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
American male film actors
Film producers from Texas
Deaths from lung disease
20th-century American lawyers


Charles Bélec (December 23, 1872 in Fort Coulonge, Quebec, Canada – January 16, 1958) was a Canadian politician and farmer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1930 election as a Member of the Conservative Party to represent the riding of Pontiac.

The son of Charles Bélec and Thersile Gervais, he operated a farm near Fort Coulonge. Bélec was married twice: to a Miss Bertrand in 1894 and to Louise Gervais in 1904.

Prior to his federal political experience, he was twice elected mayor of Mansfield and Pontrefact, Quebec in 1902 and 1924 serving one year terms.

He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1923.

References

External links

1872 births
1958 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec


Richard Stevenson Lipez (November 30, 1938 – March 16, 2022), commonly known by his pen name Richard Stevenson, was an  American journalist and mystery author, most recently residing in Massachusetts. He was best known for his Donald Strachey mysteries.

Lipez was openly gay, and married his husband Joe Wheaton in 2004. He died from pancreatic cancer on March 16, 2022, at the age of 83.

Awards

Publications

 Grand Scam, with Peter Stein (1980)

Donald Strachey Mysteries
 Death Trick (1981)
 On the Other Hand, Death (1984)
 Ice Blues (1986)
 Third Man Out (1992)
 Shock to the System (1995)
 Chain of Fools (1996)
 Strachey's Folly (1998)
 Tongue Tied (2003)
 Death Vows (2008)
 The 38 Million Dollar Smile (2009)
 Cockeyed (2010)
 Red White Black and Blue (2011)
 The Last Thing I Saw (2012)
 Why Stop at Vengeance (2015)
 WWW.Dropdead (2016)
 Killer Reunion (2019)
Clifford Waterman

 Knock Off the Hat (2022)

Filmography
 Third Man Out (2005)
 Shock to the System (2006)
 On the Other Hand, Death (2008)
 Ice Blues (2008)

References

External links

 Richard Lipez's book listing as Richard Stevenson at Fantastic Fiction
 Donald Strachey mysteries web page on the MLR Press website
 Biographical notes on Richard Stevenson
 Interview with Richard Stevenson

1938 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American mystery writers
American detective fiction writers
American gay writers
Lambda Literary Award winners
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
People from Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
Novelists from Pennsylvania
American LGBT novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers


William of Fenoli
(died circa 1205) was a monk of the Carthusian Order, who lived in the late 12th - early 13th Century. He was a lay-brother at the Charterhouse of Casularum in Lombardy, where he managed the monastery's external affairs.

According to Carthusian annals, "He was untutored in theology, in philosophy and in worldly knowledge, but in spiritual life and good works he was most learned. His holiness was made known by very many miracles both during his life and after his death". For this, and accounts of other miracles performed at his intercession, William of Fenoli was beatified by Pope Pius IX, who approved his cultus (limited, local veneration) in 1860.

He is chiefly known for the following miracle. One day, when he was returning from his field work, he was set upon by robbers and defended himself by tearing the leg off his donkey, using this as a cudgel to drive off his attackers. Afterwards, he miraculously healed the donkey, restoring its leg. Blessed William is therefore often depicted in iconography with his donkey, brandishing the donkey's leg.

His feast day falls on 19 December, according to the Roman calendar, but on 16 December in the Carthusian calendar.

References

Carthusians
12th-century births
1200s deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain


The 2008 presidential campaign of Alan Keyes, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from Maryland began on September 14, 2007, after being encouraged to enter the 2008 race by the committee We Need Alan Keyes. He initially ran in the 2008 presidential primaries, against Arizona Senator John McCain, Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee, former governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney and Texas Representative Ron Paul for his party's nomination, but after failing to gain any traction left to the Constitution Party and then to the American Independent Party.

History

Background
Alan Keyes had sought the Republican nomination in 1996, when he gained 3% of the vote, and in 2000 when, despite the events of the previous campaign, he led a semi-important campaign that did well in the debates and early primaries and reestablished himself as a serious politician. However four years later Keyes ran for the Senate seat in Illinois, filling in for Jack Ryan, where his standing as a politician was lost again after running an incompetent campaign that received 27.0% of the vote against Barack Obama's 70.0%.

Republican primaries
On September 14, 2007, Alan Keyes filed a statement of candidacy officially beginning his campaign for the Republican nomination. Keyes was the last person to enter the Republican primaries coming just after  Fred Thompson's announcement. While many pundits and his opponents believed that Keyes could never make a recovery from his previous failures and embarrassments, some believed that his aggressive personality and speaking ability could help him do something of importance in the 2008 primaries. At the Des Moines Register's debate despite being a minor candidate who only received two percent in polling, Keyes was able to force the moderators into giving him more time than he was allocated. By starting his campaign in late September Keyes had limited his time to campaign with the Iowa caucuses happening three months after his announcement. Keyes primarily campaigned in Iowa during the opening stages, but after three months of campaigning he received 247 votes for 0.21% of the vote. Following his defeat in Iowa Keyes spent the remainder of his campaign in Texas where he received 8,260 votes for 0.60%.

Constitution primary

On April 15, 2008, at a press conference scheduled in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, Keyes left the Republican party and headed to the Constitution party to attempt to win their presidential primaries after failing to gain any traction in the Republican primaries. Following his exit from the Republican party Keyes stated that "I believe people deserve a choice. They certainly deserve a conservative choice -- something neither John McCain, Hillary Clinton, nor Barack Obama can offer voters. All they can offer is empty promises based on liberal track records." Despite once again entering a party`s primary late in the campaign Keyes became a major candidate in the race for the Constitution party's nomination due to its smaller size, and his only major opponent was Chuck Baldwin. However, Keyes' Neocon beliefs and his jumping ship from the Republican primaries created derision between him and many of the members of the Constitution party with its founder Howard Phillips calling Keyes "the Neocon candidate". Despite losing most of the primaries Keyes became popular among members of the American Independent Party who were the California affiliation of the Constitution party.

General election
After losing both the Republican and Constitution primaries, Keyes was offered the nomination of America`s Independent Party, an offshoot of the American Independent Party composed of the pro-war faction and Keyes supporters, which Keyes accepted. After being replaced on the California ballot by Keyes, Chuck Baldwin filed a lawsuit, but Keyes maintained his ballot access in California after defeating the lawsuit. Keyes chose pastor Wiley Drake as his vice presidential candidate. During the campaign Keyes appeared at an anti-illegal immigration rally held at the Democratic National Convention alongside Bob Barr. In the federal election held on November 4, 2008, Keyes received 47,694 votes nationally to finish seventh. About 86% (40,673) of the votes he received were cast in California.

Aftermath
Eights years prior Chris Jones, Keyes’ national field director, said during the New York primary that “The message is why he’s running, there are other races to be won — school boards, for example. [Those races] need to be won by people who have heard Alan Keyes speak.” In the following years all of the candidates he endorsed failed to win any elections and after receiving defeats three separate times in one presidential election, Keyes would never run for any office again.

References

2008 United States presidential campaigns
Black conservatism in the United States


Alfred Cooper Woolner (13 May 1878 – 7 January 1936) was a Sanskrit scholar and professor. He served as the vice-chancellor of the University of the Punjab, Lahore from 1928 to 1936.

Biography

Woolner was born on 13 May 1878 at Etruria Hall in Staffordshire, England.

Woolner was educated at Ipswich School and Trinity College, Oxford. In 1903, at the age of twenty-five Woolner he joined the University of the Punjab as its Registrar and Principal of its Oriental College. From 1928 until 1936 he served as Vice Chancellor.

On 17 December 1935, Woolner contracted malaria which, after a week, developed into pneumonia. He was moved to Mayo Hospital, Lahore where he died in the morning of 7 January 1936. He was buried in the city's Gora Kabristan on Jail Road. He was survived by his wife Mary Emily Woolner. On his wife's death in 1944 she bequeathed the majority of her estate to the University of the Punjab. Punjab University Library's collection of over 8,500 Ancient Sanskrit and Hindi manuscripts is named in his honour. The only remaining intact statue from the British Raj era in Lahore is that of Dr. Woolner which stands in front of the Pharmacy Department of Punjab University.

Works
 AC Woolner was the Founder President of Indian Library Association - ILA ( established in 1933).
 Introduction to Prakrit

References

1878 births
1936 deaths
Indian librarians
Vice-Chancellors of the University of the Punjab
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
People educated at Ipswich School
British people in colonial India
History of Punjab
People from Lahore


Clifford Sterrett (; December 12, 1883 – December 28, 1964) was an American cartoonist best known as the creator of the comic strip Polly and Her Pals.

Biography
Born in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where his father was a druggist, Cliff Sterrett was of Scandinavian ancestry. His mother died when he was two; Cliff and his younger brother Paul were then raised by a maiden aunt, Sallie Johnson, in Alexandria, Minnesota after their father moved to Seattle.

With a letter of introduction from a local Episcopal clergyman, the 18-year-old Sterrett moved to New York, where he enrolled in the Chase Art School for two years of study. He signed on at the New York Herald in 1904 as a staff art assistant and submitted cartoons to the New York Telegram, embarking on his first comic strips: Ventriloquial Vag, Merry Ha-Ha, When a Man's Married, Before and After and For This We Have Daughters. Leaving the Telegram, he drew illustrations for The New York Times.

Polly and Her Pals
At the New York Evening Journal he launched Polly and Her Pals (originally called Positive Polly) in 1912. By the mid-1920s, Sterrett had turned the daily strip over to others (notably Paul Fung and Vernon Greene) in order to concentrate on the Sunday strip. Sterrett also created the Sunday topper strips Dot and Dash and Belles and Wedding Belles.

As the 1920s continued, Sterrett's work was increasingly influenced by the abstract art of that decade, incorporating "striking patterns of abstraction much in the style of cubism and surrealism". Coulton Waugh regarded this as an innovative step forward, noting that Sterrett's style "appeared in Polly long before modern art was accepted by American art critics."

Girl strips
Polly is regarded as the first of numerous comic strips about flirting pretty girls, including Edgar Martin's Boots and Her Buddies, Chic Young's Blondie and Larry Whittington's Fritzi Ritz (which later spawned Nancy). Although Polly and Her Pals was highly influential, it was never wildly popular and lacked the merchandising and spin-off books associated with other strips.

The comic was not only remarkable for its creation of a new subgenre and prototype, but also for its cubism-inspired graphics. It is now regarded as one of the masterpieces of American comic strips for its graphic design, storytelling and unique humor, while Sterrett is lauded as a leading graphic stylist and innovator.

When Polly and Her Pals was included in the Library of Congress exhibition Cartoon America, it was praised for its unique graphic style and ranked alongside Krazy Kat as the epitome of the Art Deco style in comics. Sterrett had considerable influence on later cartoonists, including Jules Feiffer.

References

1883 births
1964 deaths
American comic strip cartoonists
People from Fergus Falls, Minnesota
People from Alexandria, Minnesota


John Woods Duke (July 30, 1899 – October 26, 1984) was an American composer and pianist born in Cumberland, Maryland. He is best known for his large output of art songs.

Biography
John Woods Duke was the oldest child in a large musical family. After teaching him to read music at an early age and starting him on piano lessons at age 11, Duke's mother (a talented singer herself) enrolled him in the Cumberland, MD Allegheny Academy. By age 16 he had won a three-year scholarship to the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore.

While at Peabody, Duke studied composition and theory under Gustav Strube and piano with Harold Randolph (whose own tutors had included Hans von Bülow, Clara Schumann, and Franz Liszt). He graduated in 1918, and, in the midst of wartime, volunteered his services to the Student Army Training Corps at Columbia University.

Duke stayed in New York City after the war. He debuted as a concert pianist in Aeolian Hall and wrote his first art song. Within a few years he began playing as a soloist with the New York Philharmonic. He married Dorothy Macon, with whom he had two children and who collaborated with him as a librettist on several art songs.

In 1923, Duke accepted a position on the music faculty at Smith College in Northampton, MA. He gained a full professorship at Smith in 1936, and remained at the institution until 1967 when he received the Peabody Alumni Association Award for Distinguished Service in the field of music following his retirement. His prodigious output of art songs continued, including such well-known pieces as "I've Dreamed of Sunsets" and "Lullabye". Pursuing compositional studies, Duke took a year's sabbatical in 1929 to work with Nadia Boulanger in Paris and Artur Schnabel in Berlin. Returning to the United States, he spent a summer at the Yaddo artists' colony in Saratoga Springs, NY.

Professor Duke's lectures, particularly those on his own work (which would eventually total approximately 260 art songs) became very popular. His pieces were later selected for inclusion in such classic anthologies as Music for the Voice by Sergius Kagen and The Singer's Repertoire by Berton Coffin.

Although Duke's work covered a wide range of styles, it showed the particular influence of 19th-century German Lieder. Like those who influenced him, Duke had a passion for setting poems in his native language to music. Though he himself trained in piano, John Duke wrote almost all of his compositions for voice. When asked why, the composer replied, "I think it is because of my belief that vocal utterance is the basis of music's mystery."

References

Further reading
 American Bass, Donald Gramm, notably sang John Duke's settings of Edwin Arlington Robinson narrative poems, Three Poems by Edwin Arlington Robinson: Richard Cory, Luke Havergal, Miniver Cheevy.
Compton, Earl Wilson. 1974. A Singer's Guide to the Songs of John Duke. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
 PBS.org

1899 births
1984 deaths
American male classical composers
American classical composers
20th-century classical composers
People from Cumberland, Maryland
Musicians from Maryland
Peabody Institute alumni
Smith College faculty
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American composers
American male pianists
20th-century American male musicians


Richard Barrett (born 7 November 1959) is a Welsh composer.

Biography
Barrett was born in Swansea, Wales and attended Olchfa School. After completing his first bachelor's degree in genetics and microbiology from University College London in 1980, he began to study music, taking private lessons with Peter Wiegold, and soon thereafter participating in the 1984 Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik where there were fruitful encounters with Brian Ferneyhough and Hans-Joachim Hespos. In the late 1980s he became associated with the so-called New Complexity group of British composers because of the intricate notation of his scores. He is equally active in free improvisation, most often in the electronic duo FURT with Paul Obermayer, formed in 1986, but also since 2003 as a member of the Evan Parker Electro-Acoustic Ensemble. Since 1990 about half of his compositions have been written for the ELISION Ensemble, most notably the extended works Opening of the Mouth, DARK MATTER, CONSTRUCTION and world-line. Most of his compositions since the 1990s have involved both acoustic and electronic resources, combined in many different ways. In 2005 he and Obermayer formed the electroacoustic octet fORCH.

He taught composition at Middlesex University from 1989 to 1992, and electronic composition at the Institute of Sonology of the Hague Royal Conservatory in 1996, where he worked until 2001. In 2009 he resumed teaching regularly at the institute. Having moved from London to Amsterdam in 1993, he lived in Berlin from 2001 to 2013, initially as a guest of the German Academic Exchange Service's (DAAD) "Berliner Künstlerprogramm", except between 2006 and 2009 when he was a professor of composition at Brunel University London. Barrett has often been politically outspoken, and in 1990 joined the Socialist Workers Party. While no longer an active member he remains aligned with revolutionary socialism.

Barrett won the Kranichsteiner Musikpreis at the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, Darmstadt, in 1986, and was awarded the Gaudeamus Prize in 1989. He also won the Chamber Music category of the 2003 British Composer Awards.

Many of Barrett's works are grouped into series, and have extra-musical associations—particularly with the writers Samuel Beckett and Paul Celan, but also the Chilean painter Roberto Matta, and ideas from physics, mythology, astrology and philosophy (in the texts of DARK MATTER). Barrett's compositional techniques, which derive equally and indistinguishably from serial, stochastic and intuitive methods, have since the mid-1980s made extensive use of computer programs he has developed himself. He regards free improvisation as a method of composition rather than as a different or opposed kind of musical activity.

His codex series of compositions explores diverse ways of using composed frameworks as a point of departure for improvisation, particularly with larger groups, while the fOKT series extrapolates some of FURT's characteristic forms of texture and co-ordination into the octet context of the fORCH ensemble. The results of these more experimental and collaborative projects have exerted an increasing influence on Barrett's other compositional work, which remains mostly fully notated, although several compositions (for example transmission, Blattwerk and adrift) alternate between precise scoring and free improvisation for part or all of their duration. However, these different strategies are used to maximise the musical potential of the whole, rather than drawing attention to the distinction between improvisational and notational methods of composition—as Barrett himself puts it: "As a listener I generally prefer to concentrate on what music is doing rather than how it was done".

Since 2003 he has been working on an eight-part cycle of compositions collectively entitled resistance & vision and with a projected total duration of over six hours, of which the first (NO), third (cell), fifth (Mesopotamia), sixth (IF), seventh (nacht und träume) and eighth (CONSTRUCTION) have so far been completed (July 2016). CONSTRUCTION is itself a conglomerate work lasting over two hours in performance, consisting of 20 components in four interwoven cycles which may also be performed singly or in various combinations. Since the completion of CONSTRUCTION he has completed a number of other projects which continue long-term associations—life-form for cellist Arne Deforce and world-line for ELISION—as well as inaugurating new ones—close-up for the Belgrade-based group Ensemble Studio6 and two three-hour works in progress natural causes (based on a cycle of poems written for him by Simon Howard) for various ensembles including Musikfabrik, soundinitiative and Fonema Consort, and PSYCHE for ELISION.

He is currently based in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2019 his book Music of Possibility was published by Vision Edition, followed in 2023 by Transforming Moments from the same publisher.

Selected works
 Ne songe plus à fuir (1985–86) for solo cello
 EARTH (1987–88) for trombone and percussion
 I open and close (1983–88) for string quartet
 negatives (1988–93) for 9 players
 Vanity (1991–94) for orchestra
 CHARON (1994–95) for bass clarinet
 Tract I "ㅡ" (1984–96) for solo piano
Tract IIa "Hypothesis"
Tract IIb "Husk"
Tract IIc "The Light Gleams an Instant"
Tract IId "Lacunae"
Tract IIe "As Heard so Murmured"
 Opening of the Mouth (1992–97) for two vocalists, 9 instrumentalists and electronics
 transmission (1996–99) for electric guitar and electronics
 Blattwerk (1998–2002) for cello and electronics
 DARK MATTER (1990–2003) for voices, ensemble and electronics
 NO (1999–2004) for orchestra
 Flechtwerk (2002–06) for clarinet and piano
 adrift (2003–07) for piano and electronics
 Nacht und Träume (2004–08) for cello, piano and electronics
 fOKT 1 –  (2005– ) for the fORCH octet
 Mesopotamia (2006–09) for 17 instruments and electronics
 codex I – ... (2000– ) for improvising ensembles
 IF (2006–10) for orchestra
 cell (2005–11) for alto saxophone, accordion and contrabass
 CONSTRUCTION (2005–11) for voices, instruments and electronics
 vale (2005–12) for solo flute
 fold (2011–12) for solo Redgate-Howarth system oboe, also (2016) for soprano saxophone
 life-form (2011–12) for cello and electronics
 EQUALE (2013) 8-channel electronic music composed in collaboration with Kees Tazelaar
 urlicht (2013–14) for three percussionists
 world-line (2012–14) for flugelhorn/piccolo trumpet, percussion, electric lap steel guitar and electronics
 eiszeiten (2012–14) for horn, trombone, tuba and electronics
 wake (2014–15) for three instrumental trios and electronics
 codex XV (2015) for three groups of improvising musicians and conductor
 close-up (2013–16) for six performers and electronics
 everything has changed/nothing has changed (2013–17) for orchestra
 natural causes act 3 (2015–2017) for 16 musicians and electronics
 tkiva (2016–17) for 4 instruments and electronics
 Vermilion Sands (2017–18) electronic music
 entoptic (2017–18) for percussion and electronics
 disquiet (2018) electronic music
 membrane (2017–19) for trombone and electronics
 pektis (2015–17) for vocalising harpist
 natural causes act 2 (2015–2023) for 8 performers and electronics
 tomorrow (2022–23) for flute and ensemble

Selected discography
 Chamber Works. ELISION Ensemble conducted by Sandro Gorli (Etcetera 1993)—contains Ne songe plus à fuir, EARTH, Another heavenly day and negatives
 FURT: Live in Amsterdam 1994 (X-OR 1995)
 Vanity. BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Tamayo (NMC 1996)
 FURT: angel (JdK 1999)
 Opening of the Mouth. ELISION Ensemble conducted by Simon Hewett (ABC Classics 1999, reissued 2009)
 FURT: defekt (Matchless 2002)
 FURT: dead or alive (Psi 2004)
 FURT: OMNIVM (Psi 2006)
 transmission (NMC 2007). ELISION soloists—contains interference, abglanzbeladen/auseinandergeschrieben, basalt, air, knospend-gespaltener and transmission
 fORCH: spin networks (Psi 2007)
 Ute Wassermann and Richard Barrett: pollen (Creative Sources 2008)
 FURT plus: equals (Psi 2008)
 Negatives. ELISION Ensemble conducted by Sandro Gorli (NMC 2009) – reissue of Chamber Works with the addition of codex I
 FURT: sense (Psi 2009)
 Adrift—3 compositions 2007/8 (Psi 2009). RB with Sarah Nicolls, ELISION, Champ d'Action—contains adrift, codex VII and codex IX
 Richard Barrett and Han-earl Park (guitar): numbers (Creative Sources 2012)
 DARK MATTER (NMC 2012). ELISION and Cikada ensembles conducted by Christian Eggen
 Richard Barrett, Jon Rose (violin/tenor violin), Meinrad Kneer (contrabass): colophony (Creative Sources 2013)
 SKEIN – RB with Frank Gratkowski, Achim Kaufmann, Wilbert de Joode, Okkyung Lee and Tony Buck (Leo Records 2014)
 fORCH: "spukhafte Fernwirkung" (Treader 2015)
 "Music for cello and electronics" (double CD, Aeon 2016). Arne Deforce (cello) and Yutaka Oya (piano)
With Evan Parker's Electro-Acoustic Ensemble
The Eleventh Hour (ECM 2004)
The Moment's Energy (ECM 2007)
SET (Psi 2009)
hasselt (Psi 2012)

References

Further reading
 Anderson, Julian. July 1997. "Richard Barrett: Vanity; Michael Finnissy: Red Earth; Anthony Payne: Time's Arrow". Tempo, new series, no. 201:55–57.
 Fox, Christopher. September 1993. "British Music at Darmstadt, 1982–1992". Tempo, new series, no. 186:21–25.
 Fox, Christopher. 1995. "Music as Fiction: A Consideration of the Work of Richard Barrett". Contemporary Music Review, 13, no. 1 ("Aspects of Complexity in Recent British Music"): 147–157.
 Freeman, Robin. September 1994. "Richard Barrett, compositeur maudit manqué", Tempo, new series, no. 190:41–46.
 Hewitt, Ivan. March 1994. "Fail Worse, Fail Better". The Musical Times 135, no. 1813:148–151.
 Toop, Richard. 1988. "Four Facets of the 'New Complexity'". Contact no. 32:4–8.
 Toop, Richard. 1991. "Richard Barrett in Interview". Sounds Australian, no. 29:27–31.

External links
United Music Publishers biography page

FURT's website
Video documentary on CONSTRUCTION with interview and performance footage

1959 births
Living people
Musicians from Swansea
Welsh composers
Welsh male composers
Gaudeamus Composition Competition prize-winners
20th-century British composers
21st-century British composers
20th-century British male musicians
20th-century British musicians
21st-century British male musicians
Psi Records artists


The Aqsunqur Mosque (, ; also known as the Blue Mosque (, ) or the Mosque of Ibrahim Agha (, ) is located in Cairo, Egypt and is one of several "blue mosques" in the world. It is situated in the Tabbana Quarter (Darb al-Ahmar district) in Islamic Cairo, between Bab Zuweila and the Citadel of Cairo. The Aqsunqur Mosque also serves as a funerary complex, containing the mausoleums of its founder Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur, his sons, a number of children of the Bahri Mamluk sultan an-Nasir Muhammad and that of its principal restorer, Ibrahim Agha al-Mustahfizan.

History

Construction under Mamluks

The mosque was built in 1347 on the orders of the emir ("prince") Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur during the reign of the Mamluk sultan, al-Muzaffar Hajji. Aqsunqur was the son-in-law of former sultan an-Nasir Muhammad and one of the more prominent emirs of the latter's court. Aqsunqur's influence in the affairs of the sultanate grew during the reign of an-Nasir's successors following his death in 1340.

Medieval Muslim historian al-Maqrizi noted Aqsunqur supervised the entire project and also participated in its actual construction. Being the former governor of Tripoli, he had the mosque built in a Syrian architectural style. It was built around the late sultan al-Ashraf Kujuk's mausoleum which had been constructed previously in 1341. The mausoleum's incorporation within the mosque accounts for the irregularity of the building's structure. Aqsunqur's grave is also located in the mosque complex along with those of his sons.

By the 15th century the Aqsunqur Mosque was reportedly in poor shape due to the loss of waqf ("religious endowments") funds from Syria. In 1412 a şadirvan ("ablution fountain") was built in the center of the courtyard by the Mamluk emir Tughan. Because funding was low, the Aqsunqur Mosque was used only for Friday prayers and religious holidays.

Restoration by Ottomans

Between 1652 and 1654, during Ottoman rule, the emir Ibrahim Agha al-Mustahfizan, who was a general of the Janissaries, began a major renovation project for the Aqsunqur Mosque, restoring its roof and arcades, and adding columns to support the mosque's southern prayer hall. Significantly, he decorated the building with blue and green tiles, hence the mosque's unofficial name as the "Blue Mosque". The tiles, which were imported from Constantinople and Damascus, were crafted in the Iznik style with floral motifs such as cypress trees and vases holding tulips.

Ibrahim Agha built his mausoleum, which was also decorated with marble tiles, in the southern hall. It was constructed using the typical Mamluk architectural style and included a mihrab ("prayer niche") resembling the mausoleums of Mamluk emirs also located in the mosque complex. In line with Ottoman tradition at the time, the Aqsunqur Mosque was officially renamed after its restorer as the "Ibrahim Agha Mosque." The latter name was not used frequently.

Modern era
In 1908 the Aqsunqur Mosque was restored by the Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. The 1992 Cairo earthquake damaged the arches of the mosque's porticoes, but they were reinforced by the Egyptian government in the mid-1990s to prevent additional deterioration.

The Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) in conjunction with the World Monuments Fund began a restoration project of the mosque in 2009. The Mosque opened to the public in May 2015 after the completion of a six-year renovation project. The mosque was inaugurated in presence of Antiquities Minister Mamdouh el-Damaty, the Aga Khan, the Chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network, and Cairo governor Galal Saeed.

Renovation work focused structural stability, conservation of the interior and roof repair. Today, the Aqsunqur Mosque is a major destination for tourists visiting Egypt.

Architecture

Exterior

The general layout of the mosque consists of a large open courtyard (sahn) enclosed by four arcades (riwaqs). There are three main entrances with the main portal opening into the western arcade. The latter consists of a large pointed arch with corbels on the front edges of its roof. Facing the courtyard is the dikka ("tribune") from which the Qur'an is recited. The structure uses Western European-style capitals that Islamic architecture expert Doris Behrens-Abouseif believes were taken from Crusader-era structures in the Levant.

Kujuk's mausoleum is situated at the portal's northern side and has two facades facing the street. Of the two alternative entrances, one opens into the southern arcade while the other opens between the northern and western arcades. Unlike other tombs in Cairo, Kujuk's mausoleum, which predates the mosque, is not aligned according to the qibla ("orientation with Mecca") and instead is aligned with the street. This structure is the principal feature unique to other major mosques in Egypt.

Above the prayer hall sits a brick one-bay dome carried on four brick squinches. A large brick dome supported by brick squinches is also situated atop the mausoleum of Kujuk. However, the latter has a pendentive below each squinch. When the mosque was originally built this technique of using plain squinches was considered archaic.

Interior

The mosque's interior also has an irregular layout mostly due to Ibrahim Agha's renovations which replaced most of the original cross-vaulting of the arcades with columns supporting a flat wooden ceiling. The only part of the mosque that continues to employ Aqsunqur's interior design is the qibla wall which uses cross-vaults that rest on octagonal-shaped piers. The technique of cross-vaults is a reflection of Islamic Syrian architectural influence. Along with the Mosque of Amir al-Maridani, the Aqsunqur Mosque has a hypostyle plan which is rare in Cairo and typically associated with Syrian style mosques.

The mihrab ("prayer niche" that indicates qibla) was built in a geometric interlace style typically found in Mamluk architecture. The design is used in the mihrab's spandrels. Other features of the mihrab include the hood's relief painted carvings, fluctuating lintel panels, marble panels, carved marble registers and mosaic inlay. To the right of the mihrab is the marble minbar ("pulpit.") Decorated with light gray, salmon, green and plum-colored stone inserts, it is the oldest and one of the handful remaining marble minbars used in a Cairo mosque. The handrail is also built of marble and has a pattern of rolling leaf and grape clusters carved from the stone.

Minaret
The minaret is situated at the southern corner of the facade looking into Bab al-Wazir Street, affording a dominant view of the entire southern part of the street. It consists of three stories, the first being circular and plain and the second circular and ribbed while the top story is a bulb resting on a pavilion supported by eight slender stone columns. Its circular shaft is rare among Mamluk minarets. Prior to its 20th-century restoration, the minaret had four stories. The third story was octagonal and removed during the restoration, depriving the Aqsunqur Mosque a unique feature it shared with another mosque in Cairo, the Sultan al-Ghuri Complex which has four stories. The Aqsunqur Mosque minaret was featured in several 19th-century illustrations.

See also
  Lists of mosques
  List of mosques in Africa
  List of mosques in Egypt
Islamic architecture
Sultan Ahmed Mosque
Timeline of Islamic history

References

Bibliography

Buildings and structures completed in 1347
14th-century mosques
Buildings and structures completed in 1652
17th-century mosques
Mosques in Cairo
Mausoleums in Egypt
Mamluk architecture in Egypt
Ottoman mosques in Egypt
Mosque buildings with domes
1347 establishments
14th-century establishments in the Mamluk Sultanate
14th-century establishments in Egypt


Trent Walker is an American sound engineer who was nominated for the 2008 Grammy for Best Engineered Album, Classical category.  Along with Bruce Leek and Fred Vogler, Walker received the nomination for the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's Christmas album Spirit of the Season.

Since 2005, Walker has been the senior audio engineer on the Bonneville Communications show Music and the Spoken Word, which features the Mormon Tabernacle Choir at the Conference Center of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah.  He has also worked on live shows for AC/DC, The Beach Boys, America, Chuck Mangione, CAKE and Reel Big Fish.  Formerly, he worked at Brigham Young University Idaho, in Rexburg, Idaho, and also owned and operated Rockhouse Recording Studio.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
American audio engineers
Brigham Young University staff
Engineers from Utah


Turret Peak () is a prominent rock peak, 2,790 m, standing 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Crosscut Peak in Millen Range. The peak is topped with a 10 m vertical spire, or tower, which is an excellent landmark. Turret Ridge extends northeast from the peak. Named for its distinctive appearance by the Southern party of NZFMCAE, 1962–63.

Mountains of Victoria Land
Pennell Coast


Henry Gaylord Wilshire (June 7, 1861 – September 7, 1927), known to his contemporaries by his middle name of "Gaylord", was an American land developer, publisher, and outspoken socialist.  He is the namesake of Los Angeles' Wilshire Boulevard.

Biography

Early years

Henry Gaylord Wilshire was born June 7, 1861, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He moved to Los Angeles, California in 1884.

In 1895 he began developing  stretching westward from Westlake Park for an elite residential subdivision. He donated a strip of land to the city of Los Angeles for a boulevard through what was then a barley field, on the conditions that it would be named for him and that railroad lines and commercial or industrial trucking would be banned.

In 1900, Wilshire was arrested for speaking in a public park in Los Angeles. A judge dismissed the charges, but the incident caused Wilshire to leave Los Angeles for New York.

Political career

Wilshire was a frequent and far-ranging political candidate. He stood as the Nationalist Party Congressional candidate for the 6th California District in 1890, as the candidate of the Socialist Labor Party for Attorney General in 1891, for the British Parliament in 1894, for Congress in the California 6th District again in 1900, this time on the ticket of the Social Democratic Party of America, for the Canadian Parliament in 1902, and for Congress from New York in 1904. In 1909 Wilshire was a candidate for city council in Los Angeles as a part of the Socialist Party slate, which was backed at that time by the Los Angeles unions. By about 1911 Wilshire began to have his doubts about electoral politics, and shifted his allegiance to revolutionary syndicalism and advocacy of the general strike. He was the editor of the Syndicalist League's magazine The Syndicalist during 1913. During World War I Wilshire worked with Emma Goldman in the Free Speech League in New York.

In 1900, Wilshire launched the first of his publishing ventures in Los Angeles, a magazine called The Challenge. At least 40 issues of the publication were produced between December 1900 and October 1901. The name of this publication was subsequently changed to Wilshire's Monthly Magazine in 1901, before being shortened to Wilshire's Magazine (1902) and Wilshire's (1904),  with publication variously in New York and Toronto. First a small-format magazine, later a tabloid newspaper, Wilshire's continued in production until February 1915.

Later life, death, and legacy

Wilshire eventually returned to Los Angeles and made his connection with the now famous boulevard that bore his name. He had no direct involvement with its gradual expansion in the years while he was absent from the region.

Wilshire was also interested in the health industry. In 1925, he started marketing the Ionaco, an electric belt that could purportedly improve health. The belt gained popularity from its marketing, but was dismissed by medical health experts as quackery.

He died destitute on September 7, 1927 in New York. He was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York.

Wilshire Drive in Phoenix, Arizona, was named after him, as is Wilshire Avenue in Fullerton, California (where he first ran for Congress in 1890, the first congressional candidate in America from what became a socialist-oriented party).

See also

 Wilshire Boulevard

Footnotes

Works

Books and pamphlets

 Why American Workingmen Should Be Socialists. 1891. —Four page leaflet.
 Free Trade vs. Protection. New York: Socialist League of America, 1892.
 The Poor Farmer and Why He is Poor. Fullerton, CA: Nationalist Publication Co., n.d. [c. 1899].
 Liquid Air: Perpetual Motion at Last: Tripler's Surplusage Explained. Los Angeles, n.p., 1899.
 The Problem of the Trust. Los Angeles: [Gaylord Wilshire], 1900.
 The Trust Problem. Los Angeles: Social Democratic Party, 1900.
 Imperialism. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Branch of the Social Democratic Party, 1900.
 A Business-like City Charter. Los Angeles: Allied Printing, 1900.
 Trusts and Imperialism.  Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1901.
 Imperative Mandate, Initiative and Referendum: Adopted in the Late Proposed New Charter for Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Gaylord Wilshire, 1901.
 Debate on Socialism, Wilshire-Seligman: A Verbatim Report of the Greatest Debate in the History of Socialism in the United States, Which Took Place in Cooper Union, January 16, 1903, New York City. With E.R.A. Seligman. New York: Wilshire's Magazine, 1903.
 Ten Cents a Year. New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1905.
 Wilshire-Carver Debate on Socialism: Gaylord Wilshire vs. Thomas Nixon Carver: Held January 15, 1906, at Hartford, Conn. Before the "Get Together Club." New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1906.
 Socialism: A Religion. New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1906.
 Wilshire Editorials. New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1906.
 Socialism Inevitable (Wilshire Editorials). New York: Wilshire Book Co., 1907.
 Socialism: The Mallock-Wilshire Argument. New York: Wilshire Book Co., n.d. [c. 1907].
 The Significance of the Trusts. New York : Wilshire Book Co., n.d. [c. 1900s].
 Hop Lee and the Pelican. New York : Wilshire Book Co., n.d. [c. 1900s].
 Why a Workingman Should Be a Socialist. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., n.d. [c. 1912].
 Syndicalism: What It Is. London: 20th Century Press, 1912.
 I-ON-A-CO: The Short Road to Health. Los Angeles: [Gaylord Wilshire], n.d. [c. 1926].

Magazines
 Wilshire's Magazine [Toronto], 1903, part 1. Issues 54-58. Google Books project. Retrieved April 21, 2010.

Further reading

 Mark W. Nelson, "Henry Gaylord Wilshire: At the Barricades for Socialism and Amour," Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 96, No. 1 (Spring 2014), pp. 41-85. In JSTOR
 Lou Rosen, Henry Gaylord Wilshire: The Millionaire Socialist. Pacific Palisades, CA: School Justice Institute, 2011.
 Howard H. Quint, "Gaylord Wilshire and Socialism's First Congressional Campaign," Pacific Historical Review, vol. 26, no. 4 (Nov. 1957), pp. 327–340. In JSTOR.

External links

Wilshire Boulevard Milestones
Online Archive of California – Henry Gaylord Wilshire biography
Rhymes and Reactions (Jul 1926) - Gaylord Wilshire's Ionaco

1861 births
1927 deaths
American newspaper editors
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
American socialists
History of Los Angeles
Socialist Labor Party of America politicians from California
Social Democratic Party of America politicians
Wilshire Boulevard
Socialist Party of America politicians from California
Journalists from New York City
People from Cincinnati


The Journal of the IEST is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official publication of the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST). It covers research on simulation, testing, modeling, control, and the teaching of the environmental sciences and technologies. The journal was established in 1958 as the Journal of Environmental Engineering. In October 1959, it was renamed Journal of Environmental Sciences and obtained its current title in 1998.

External links

 Journal page on society's website

Environmental science journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1958


Bay View is a hamlet in the civil parish of Leysdown, on the east side of the Isle of Sheppey in the borough of Swale in Kent, England. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 699.

History
Bay View is a development of houses started in the 1940s and since then has grown to 248 dwellings.

Geography
Eastchurch is located two miles away to the ENE and Leysdown-on-Sea is a mile to the east. Warden is a mile to the north and Leysdown Marshes lie to the south.

Economy
There is a holiday park in Bay View and a pub, the Bay View. There is also a garage which sells caravans and miscellaneous supplies. Formerly there were two general stores, but one closed in the 1980s due to a lack of trade. The same fate led to the closure of the Bay View Stores in 2004.

51% of the population travels more than 10 km to work, with 72% of workers travelling by car.

Transport
The B2231 road runs along the southern edge of Bay View and provides the only transport link. Buses run every half-hour or hour to the rest of the Isle and services to the mainland are also available.

Education
Bay View has no education facilities, with the nearest school being two miles away in Eastchurch.

See also

http://www.swale.gov.uk/media/adobepdf/b%2Fd%2FWR_SBC_136.pdf - Statistics and information regarding Bay View from Swale Borough Council.

References

Villages in Kent
Hamlets in Kent
Isle of Sheppey


Rudi, born Albert Rudolph (January 24, 1928 – February 21, 1973), also known as Swami Rudrananda, was born in Brooklyn, New York. Rudi was a spiritual teacher and an antiquities entrepreneur in New York City.

Life and career

Early years
Albert Rudolph was born January 24, 1928, to impoverished Jewish parents in Brooklyn, New York. His father abandoned the family when he was young.

According to his autobiography, Rudolph's first spiritual experience occurred at age 6 in a park. Two Tibetan Buddhist lamas appeared out of the air and stood before him.  They told him they represented the heads of the "Red Hat" and "Yellow Hat" sects, and they were going to place within him the energy and wisdom of Tibetan Buddhism.  Several clay jars appeared, which they said they would put inside his solar plexus. The lamas said these jars would stay in him and begin to open at age 31. He would then begin the process of assimilating their contents, and would continue to do so for the rest of his life.

Rudolph began his first job at age 12 in a handbag factory, due to a labor shortage during World War II.  To supplement his income, he searched through neighborhood rubbish bins to find items to sell.  His next job was at a textile company when he was 16 years old, where he worked for the next two years.

Rudolph joined the U.S. Army at age 18. For 1½ years, he was an instructor for the government, teaching ROTC at the University of Washington in Seattle.  After being discharged, he returned to his job at the textile company in New York.

Middle years
At age 20, Rudolph – now calling himself "Rudi" – "experienced a deep spiritual awakening".  He also developed a serious interest in Asian art and began collecting sculpture.

Due to downsizing at the textile company, Rudi’s employer helped him to enter North Carolina State College, where he studied textile engineering. After college, Rudi returned to New York, where he became an engineering trainee at a textile company.  During this time, Rudi began to attend meetings based on the teachings of Gurdjieff, which he continued for 5 years.

Rudi wrote that when walking in Greenwich Village, he saw a storefront with a "FOR RENT" sign in the window.  It was small and in terrible condition. He reported that he heard a voice whisper, "This is your store, this is your store, this is your store."  He soon opened "Rudi Oriental Arts" in the Seventh Avenue space, with just a few hundred dollars and some of the sculptures he had collected. Early on, Rudi supplemented his income by working evenings at the Village Vanguard nearby.  In the next years, Rudi established an international network of Asian art suppliers, collectors, and distributors in several countries.

Rudi joined the Subud organization, studying with its founder, Pak Subuh, and helping to establish the group in New York.  In 1958, Rudi met Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha, Shankaracharya of Puri, during his first visit to the United States, and lived with him in New York for 4 months.

At age 30, Rudi was at a turning point in his life when a friend took him to meet Bhagavan Nityananda at his ashram in Ganeshpuri. Rudi later wrote, "My first meeting, in India in 1958, with the great Indian saint Bhagavan Nityananda was of such depth that it changed the course of my life." Rudi continued to study with Nityananda, whom he considered his ultimate guru, until his master died in 1961.

In early 1959, Rudi declared himself a spiritual teacher and began teaching students individually in his store.  Rudi’s method was to sit opposite a student and gaze intently into their eyes for perhaps five to ten minutes, said to allow him to transmit shaktipat energy.

In 1960, Rudi began to hold classes in his apartment, which consisted of an open-eyed meditation where he "transmitted shaktipat energy" in a group setting, followed by a lecture.  Spiritual teacher and friend Hilda Charlton was frequently in attendance. Occasionally after classes, Rudi would invite the students up to his living room to play poker, or he would take them to dinner in Chinatown.

In early 1961, Rudi sat for a painting by Edith Montlack, an artist in
New Rochelle, New York.

In 1961, Rudi first met Swami Venkatesananda in India, and they became lifelong friends.

In 1962, after Bhagawan Nityananda's death, Rudi became a student of Swami Muktananda in India, mainly because of that adept's strong shaktipat powers and discipleship to Nityananda, according to several sources. In 1966, Rudi traveled to Ganeshpuri with the intention of obtaining the title of 'swami' from Muktananda. Muktananda did not want to give Rudi the title, and so Rudi spoke with Chakrapani Ullal, a Vedic astrologer, about the situation. Chakrapani Ullal agreed with Rudi and persuaded Muktananda to give him the title, 'Swami Rudrananda', thereby initiating him into the Sarasvati branch of the Dashanami Sampradaya, established by Shankara in the 8th century.

In 1964, Franklin Jones, who later became the controversial guru Adi Da, became a casual student. For two years, Rudi's influence on Jones was pervasive. Jones eventually traveled to India to meet Swami Muktananda, who encouraged Jones to abandon his studies with Rudi and study with himself directly, which Jones did. Later, after joining the Church of Scientology, Jones severed all contact with Rudi, though they spoke again years later.

By 1967, Rudi's business had expanded.  He traveled to Asia at least two or three times per year. In 1968, Rudi moved his store, Rudi Oriental Antiques. The new location was five times larger, and in attendance at the gala opening was Japanese Zen master Eido Tai Shimano.

That autumn, Rudi began searching for a location to establish an ashram. After a few months, he discovered a small Borscht Belt resort in the town of Big Indian, New York. Rudi purchased and named it Shree Gurudev Rudrananda Yoga Ashram. He traveled there on weekends, giving classes and supervising the restoration of the property by his students.

Rudi was said to be an excellent chef. He enjoyed the performing arts and music, movies, television, and mystery novels.

In 1970, Rudi arranged for Muktananda to visit the United States for the first time. Muktananda arrived with his entourage on Labor Day weekend in New York, and traveled with Rudi to Big Indian to stay for two months. Ram Dass was also present. Late in October Rudi escorted Muktananda on tour to Texas and California.

In 1971, after enduring a series of blatantly and pointless, ungrateful, abusive behaviour from his guru (snatching of students, changing Rudi's teaching methods, asking for Rudi to sever his inner connection to Nityananda, constant disregard and snubbing) Rudi had enough and finally dissolved his affiliation with Muktananda.

Later years
In September 1972, Rudi traveled to India with four of his students.  While in India, they visited Swami Chidananda at the Divine Life Society in Rishikesh.

By end of 1972, Rudi had established fourteen ashrams in the US, and three in Europe. His Manhattan store housed one of the largest Asian art collections in the world.

In early 1973, Rudi published Spiritual Cannibalism, his only book.

On February 21, 1973, Rudi died in a small plane crash in the Catskills.  The three other occupants walked away with only minor injuries. He was dictating a journal entry, and his last words were, "...a deeper sense of surrender".

Teachings
Rudi taught an eclectic blend of techniques he called "Kundalini yoga" (though with no formal relation to the Indian tradition by that name). He wrote it was "a yoga which is used to collect energy within yourself and bring through your own chemistry the energy that is in the universe.  A human being is only able to do that by internalizing energy and bringing it through their system. A person has all the mysteries of the universe inside."

Rudi developed several spiritual exercises with physical components, which he describes in detail in his book Spiritual Cannibalism. They include exercises for releasing negative energy, cultivating gratitude, sitting with deceased persons, and "double breathing" for "drawing in cosmic energy".

Notes

Books by Rudi
  / Cambridge, MA: Rudra Press (1990). ISBN 0-915801-07-8.

Books on Rudi

References

1928 births
1973 deaths
Jewish American writers
People from Brooklyn
American spiritual teachers
Spiritual teachers
American spiritual writers
American yoga teachers
20th-century American writers
20th-century American Jews


The Trilogy of Finding Comfort and Ease (ngal gso skor gsum, Sanskrit Mahāsaṃdhi viśrānta trayāya nāma, literally "The Trilogy called Reposing (viśrānta) in the Great Perfection") is a trilogy of Dzogchen writings by Longchen Rabjam:

Finding Comfort and Ease in the Nature of Mind (sems nyid ngal gso). In Sanskrit ("the language of India"): Mahāsaṃdhi cittatva* viśrānta nāma: [A Teaching] named Reposing (viśrānta) in the Suchness of Mind in the Great Perfection
Finding Comfort and Ease in Meditation (bsam gtan ngal gso). In the language of India: Mahāsaṃdhi dhyāna viśrānta nāma: [A Teaching] named Reposing in Meditation on the Great Perfection
Finding Comfort and Ease in the Illusoriness of Things (Tib. སྒྱུ་མ་ངལ་གསོ་, Wyl. sgyu ma ngal gso), also called in Sanskrit: Mahāsaṃdhi māyā viśrānta nāma.

Intent of the Trilogy, and the logic of their sequence
Regarding the intent of the Trilogy as a whole, Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche, in the introduction to Finding Rest in the Nature of Mind, comments:

Padmakara Translation Group comments:

Longchenpa's commentary on the trilogy as a whole, entitled An Ocean of Fine Explanation: An Overview of the Trilogy of Comfort and Ease (ngal gso skor gsum gyi spyi don Legs bshad rgya mtsho) says:

In the beginning, when we first set out on the path, it is important that we establish a good foundation in the Dharma, and that is why the thirteen chapters of Finding Comfort and Ease in the Nature of Mind, from the difficulty of finding the freedoms and advantage onwards, offer an elaborate explanation of the Ground, the view that is beyond the two extremes. At the same time, they also explain aspects of the stages of the path and fruition.
Once we have understood the ground, we can begin to meditate on the path, and so the four chapters of Finding Comfort and Ease in Meditation offer a step-by-step explanation of the places where meditation can be practised, the types of individual suited to the practice, the techniques we can use in meditation and the types of concentration that can be achieved.
While this path is being practised it is important to have teachings on non-attachment and non-clinging towards phenomena. Thus, as a support, a clear and elaborate presentation of the stages of conduct is given in the eight chapters of Finding Comfort and Ease in the Illusoriness of Things. These chapters reveal, thoroughly and without any error, how to relate to all phenomena and to experience them as the eight similes of illusoriness.

English translations

The root text
The three parts translated in
Padmakara Translation Group, The Trilogy of Rest. Boulder, Colorado: Shambhala Publications.
Finding Rest in the Nature of the Mind (2017) ISBN 978-1-61180-516-1
Finding Rest in Meditation (2018) ISBN 978-1-61180-552-9
Finding Rest in Illusion (2018) ISBN 978-1-61180-592-5
Volume One also translates passages from Longchenpa's autocommentary to Part One; each of Volume Two and Volume Three contains the whole of Longchenpa's respective autocommentary to Part Two and to Part Three.
Guenther, Herbert V., Kindly Bent to Ease Us. Berkeley, California: Dharma Publishing.
Kindly Bent to Ease Us, Part One: Mind (1975) ISBN 0-913546-40-2
Kindly Bent to Ease Us, Part Two: Meditation (1976) ISBN 0-913546-43-7
Kindly Bent to Ease Us, Part Three: Wonderment (1976) ISBN 0-913546-45-3
Guenther makes reference to Longchenpa's autocommentaries in his introductions to the chapters and in his notes.

His distinctive rendering of the trilogy's title is borrowed from Jonathan Swift's Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D.: "[. . .] This maxim more than all the rest / Is thought too base for human breast: / 'In all distresses of our friends, / We first consult our private ends; / While Nature, kindly bent to ease us, / Points out some circumstance to please us.'" (written November 1731; published 1739)

Part Two (bsam gtan ngal gso) is also translated in
Dalai Lama, Mind in Comfort and Ease: The Vision of Enlightenment in the Great Perfection. Wisdom Publications, 2007.

Part Three (sgyu ma ngal gso) is also translated in
Dowman, Keith, Maya Yoga: Longchenpa's Finding Comfort and Ease in Enchantment. Vajra Publications, 2010.

References

Further reading

Tibetan Buddhist texts
Dzogchen texts


The Scarlet Streak is a 1925 American action film serial directed by Henry MacRae. This is now considered a lost film.

Cast
 Jack Dougherty - Bob Evans (as Jack Daugherty)
 Lola Todd - Mary Crawford
 John Elliott - Professor Richard Crawford
 Albert J. Smith - Count 'K' (as Al Smith)
 Albert Prisco - Monk
 Virginia Ainsworth - Leontine, Monk's accomplice
 Monte Montague - Butler

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio
 List of lost films

References

External links

1925 films
1920s action films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Henry MacRae
Lost American action films
Universal Pictures film serials
1925 lost films
1920s American films
1920s English-language films
Silent American action films
English-language action films


Trilogy of Dispelling Darkness (mun sel skor gsum) - are three commentaries on the Guhyagarbha tantra by Longchenpa. They are named:

Dispelling Darkness in the Ten Directions (gsang snying 'grel pa phyogs bcu mun sel)
Dispelling Darkness of the Mind (gsang snying spyi don yid kyi mun sel)
Dispelling Darkness of Ignorance (gsang snying bsdus don ma rig mun sel)

Nyingma texts


Marengo Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 Marengo Township, McHenry County, Illinois
 Marengo Township, Iowa County, Iowa
 Marengo Township, Michigan

Township name disambiguation pages


Louisiana Technical College (LTC) was an institute for professional technical education in the state of Louisiana, with campuses across the state.  Louisiana Technical College had no affiliation to Louisiana Tech University.

Transition to Louisiana Community & Technical College System
The Louisiana Community and Technical College System (LCTCS) was created in 1999 to bring together into one governance body almost all of the state's community and technical colleges. The LCTCS was created by Act 151 of the 1998 First Extraordinary Session. Management of the LTC was transferred from BESE to the LCTCS Board of Supervisors in 1999.

2008 shooting
On the morning of February 8, 2008, Latina Williams, a 23-year-old nursing student, opened fire six rounds with a .357 revolver in a second-floor classroom at the Baton Rouge campus of LTC before turning the gun on herself and committing suicide. The two victims were Karsheika Graves (21) and Taneshia Butler (26), who were both fatally shot.

2006 Dissolution of the LTC
Act 506 of the 2005 Louisiana Regular Session required that the LTC be reorganized with March 2006 deadline for implementation. Changes to the LTC were approved at the March 7, 2006 LCTCS Board of Supervisors Meeting. On July 1, 2006, the Louisiana Technical College ceased to exist as a single entity. The campuses of the LTC were realigned into new colleges. These included Arcadiana Technical College, Capital Area Technical College, Central Louisiana Technical College, Northshore Technical College, Northeast Louisiana Technical College, Northwest Louisiana Technical College, and South Central Louisiana Technical College. The new colleges operated under the LTC name until 2012.

National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium

This College was a NAFTC's Training Center.

Campus locations
Region 1 Campuses

On August 15, 2010, Louisiana Technical College's Region 1 become part of Delgado Community College's Technical Division.

Region 2 Campuses

Capital Area Technical College's five campuses were merged with Baton Rouge Community College (BRCC).

Region 3 Campuses

On July 1, 2018, SCLTC was abolished and the campuses transferred to several state community colleges.

Region 4 Campuses

On July 1, 2012, Acadiana Technical College (ATC) was merged with South Louisiana Technical Community College.

Region 6 Campuses

On July 1, 2018, the Oakdale campus was transferred to SOWELA Technical Community College.

On January 1, 2013, Central Louisiana Technical College (CLTC) became Central Louisiana Technical Community College (CLTCC).

Region 7 Campuses

On July 1, 2018, the Natchitoches and Sabine Valley campuses were transferred to Central Louisiana Technical Community College (CLTCC).

On July 1, 2019, Northwest Louisiana Technical College (NLTC) became Northwest Louisiana Technical Community College (NLTCC)

Region 8 Campuses

In July 2010 the Tallulah and Lake Providence campuses merged with Louisiana Delta Community College (LDCC).

In July 2012 the Bastrop, Farmerville, Ruston, West Monroe, and Winnsboro campuses merged with Louisiana Delta Community College (LDCC).

Region 9 Campuses

On January 1, 2012, Northshore Technical College (NTC) became Northshore Technical Community College (NTCC).

See also
List of colleges and universities in Louisiana

References

External links
 CLTCC Webpage
 Louisiana Community & Technical College System

Universities and colleges in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Universities and colleges in Shreveport, Louisiana
Education in Winn Parish, Louisiana
Education in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Education in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
Education in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana
Education in Acadia Parish, Louisiana
Education in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana
Education in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana
Education in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Education in Iberia Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
Education in Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Education in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana
Education in Vernon Parish, Louisiana
Education in Allen Parish, Louisiana
Education in Concordia Parish, Louisiana
Education in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
Education in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana
Education in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Education in Webster Parish, Louisiana
Education in Sabine Parish, Louisiana
Education in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana
Education in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Education in Union Parish, Louisiana
Education in Franklin Parish, Louisiana
Education in Lincoln Parish, Louisiana
Education in Washington Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. Helena Parish, Louisiana
Education in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana
Education in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana
Public universities and colleges in Louisiana
Defunct universities and colleges in Louisiana


Sakruli is a village in Punjab, India.

It is located in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab state.

Geography
The latitude 31.3271903 and longitude 76.0225084 are the geocoordinate of the Sakruli. Chandigarh is the state capital for Sakruli village. It is located around 96.6 kilometer away from Sakruli.. The other nearest state capital from Sakruli is Chandigarh and its distance is 96.6 km.

The other surrounding state capitals are Chandigarh (96.6 km), Shimla (110.8 km)., Dehradun (230.5 km).

Time
It is located in the UTC 5.30 time zone and it follows Indian standard time (IST). The sun rise time varies 26 minutes from IST. The vehicle driving side in Sakruli is left, all vehicles should take left side during driving. Sakruli people are using its national currency which is Indian Rupee and its international currency code is INR.

Mobile phones can be accessed by adding the Indian country dialing code +91 from abroad. Sakruli people are following the dd/mm/yyyy date format in day-to-day life. Sakruli domain name extension( country code top-level domain (cTLD)) is .in

Official language
The native language of Sakruli is Punjabi and most of the village people speak Punjabi. Sakruli people use Punjabi language for communication.

Nearest railway station
The nearest railway station to Sakruli is Mahngarwal Doaba which is located in and around 6.5 kilometer distance.

The following table shows other railway stations and its distance:

 Mahngarwal Doaba railway station	6.5 km.
 Satnaur Badesron railway station	10.6 km.
 Garhshankar railway station	15.9 km. Khatkar Kalan railway station	18.1 km.
 Hoshiarpur railway station	24.6 km.

Nearest airport

 Sakruli's nearest airport is Sahnewal Airport situated at 53.3 km distance.
 Few more airports around Sakruli are as follows.
 Sahnewal Airport	53.3 km.
 Halwara Air Force Station	74.4 km.
 Gaggal Airport	96.0 km.

Nearest districts
Sakruli is located around 25.0 kilometer away from its district headquarter hoshiarpur.

The other nearest district headquarters is nawanshahr situated at 24.1 km distance from Sakruli .

Surrounding districts
Shahid_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar (nawanshahr ) district	24.1 km.

 Una ( una ) district	28.4 km.
 Rupnagar ( rupnagar ) district	61.1 km.
 Kapurthala ( kapurthala ) district	61.3 km

Nearest town/city
Nearest town/city/important place is Mahilpur located at the distance of 3.8 kilometer.

Villages in Hoshiarpur district


Dikwididi is a village in Kgatleng District of Botswana. It is located around 40 km east of Gaborone. The village has a primary school and the population was 225 in 2011 census.

References

Kgatleng District
Villages in Botswana


Khurutshe is a village in Kgatleng District of Botswana. The village is located 100 km north of Mochudi, and it has a primary school. The population was 35 in 2001 census.

References

Kgatleng District
Villages in Botswana


The Diocese of Gospić–Senj (; ) is a Latin Church diocese located in the cities of Gospić and Senj in the Ecclesiastical province of Rijeka in Croatia.

History
 May 25, 2000: Established as Diocese of Gospić – Senj from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Rijeka–Senj

Special churches
Minor Basilicas:
 BVM Mother of Grace, Trsat, Primorje-Gorski Kotar
Former Cathedral:
 Katedrala Navijestenja Blažene Djevice Marije, Pićan, Istria(Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary)
 Katedrala sv. Križ, Nin, Zadar(Cathedral of the Holy Cross)
 Katedrala sv. Marija, Osor, Primorje-Gorski Kotar (Cathedral of St. Mary)
 Katedrala sv. Marka, Modruš, Karlovac(Cathedral of St. Mark)
 Katedrala sv. Markova, Korčula, Dubrovnik-Neretva(Cathedral of St. Mark)
 Katedrala Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije, Rab, Primorje-Gorski Kotar(Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary)

Leadership
 Bishops of Gospić–Senj (Roman rite)
 Bishop Mile Bogović (25 May 2000 – 4 April 2016)
 Bishop Zdenko Križić, O.C.D. (4 April 2016 – 8 September 2023)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Croatia

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Croatia
Christian organizations established in 2000
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Gospić
Senj