Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Lincolnshire was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Gainsborough, Grantham, Grimsby, Holland with Boston, Horncastle, Lincoln, Louth, Rutland and Stamford,  although this may not have been true for the whole of its existence.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Lincolnshire
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


The Devonshire Park Theatre is a Victorian theatre located in the town of Eastbourne, in the coastal region of East Sussex. The theatre was designed by Henry Currey and was built in 1884. In 1903, it was further improved by the theatre architect Frank Matcham. The building was designated as a Grade II listed building on 3 July 1981. The theatre has a seating capacity of 936.

See also
Eastbourne Theatres

References

External links

Theatres in Eastbourne
1884 establishments in England


My Old Man or my old man may refer to:

 One's father

Film and television
My Old Man (film), a 1979 American television film based on a story by Ernest Hemingway (see below)
My Old Man (2004 film), a Canadian short shown at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival
My Old Man (TV series), a 1970s British sitcom starring Clive Dunn
"My Old Man" (Scrubs), a television episode

Literature
"My Old Man" (short story), a 1923 story by Ernest Hemingway
My Old Man, a 2004 novel by Amy Sohn

Music
My Old Man (album), a Steve Goodman tribute album, 2006
"My Old Man" (Rodney Atkins song), 2002
"My Old Man" (Zac Brown Band song), 2017
"My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)" or "Don't Dilly Dally on the Way", a 1919 music hall song, or a football chant based on it
"My Old Man", a song by Anika Moa from In Swings the Tide, 2007
"My Old Man", a song by Ian Dury from New Boots and Panties!!, 1977
"My Old Man", a song by Joni Mitchell from Blue, 1971
"My Old Man", a song by Mac DeMarco from This Old Dog, 2017
"My Old Man", a song by Steve Goodman
"My Old Man", a song by the Walkmen from Bows + Arrows, 2004

See also
Under My Skin (1950 film), a 1950 film based on Hemingway's story
Old man (disambiguation)
This Old Man


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Liverpool was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bootle, Liverpool Edge Hill, Liverpool Garston, Liverpool Kirkdale, Liverpool Scotland Exchange, Liverpool Toxteth, Liverpool Walton, Liverpool Wavertree, Liverpool West Derby.

Member of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Liverpool
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London Central was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Chelsea, City of London and Westminster South, Fulham, Hammersmith North, Hampstead, Holborn and St Pancras South, Kensington, Paddington, St Marylebone and St Pancras North.

United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies were redrawn in 1983 and the European constituencies were altered in 1984 to reflect this. The revised seat comprised the following Westminster constituencies: Chelsea, City of London and Westminster South, Fulham, Hampstead and Highgate, Holborn and St Pancras, Islington North, Islington South and Finsbury, Kensington and Westminster North. The same boundaries were used in 1989 and 1994.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

Central
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Lines
Ikunoya Station is served by the JR West Gantoku Line, and is located 38.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at .

Station layout
The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. There is no station building and the station is unattended.

History
Ikunoya Station was opened on 27 March 1987. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West).

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 93 passengers daily.

Surrounding area
Japan National Route 2

See also
List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 JR West Station Official Site

Railway stations in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Gantoku Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1987
Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London East was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Barking, Dagenham, Hornchurch, Ilford North, Ilford South, Newham North East, Romford, Upminster, and Wanstead and Woodford.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

East
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London North was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Edmonton, Enfield North, Finchley, Hornsey, Islington Central, Islington North, Islington South and Finsbury, Southgate, Tottenham, and Wood Green.

United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies were redrawn in 1983 and the European constituencies were altered to reflect this. The new seat comprised the following Westminster constituencies: Chipping Barnet, Edmonton, Enfield North, Enfield Southgate, Finchley, Hendon North, Hendon South, Hornsey and Wood Green, and Tottenham. These boundaries were used in 1984, 1989 and 1994.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

North
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


The following are the radio stations in the Syrian Arab Republic:

FM Radios
 Al-Madina FM (Website)
 Melody FM Syria (Website)
 Radio Arabesque FM (Website)
 Al Aan FM (Website)
 Radio Damascus (Website) ORTAS
 Sham FM (Website)
 Farah FM (Website)
 Fuse FM Syria (Website)
 Mix FM Syria (Website)
 Rotana Style FM (Website)
 Radio El-Karma (Website) Suweida, ORTAS
 Radio Souryana (Website) ORTAS
 Version FM (Website) Damascus
 Ninar FM (Website) Aleppo
 Sada FM Syria (Website) Aleppo
 Radio Amwaj FM (Website) Lattakia, ORTAS
 Radio 7la FM Lattakia
 Radio Zenobia (Website) Homs, ORTAS
 Radio Swaida (Website) Suweida
 Radio Rayan (Website) Suweida
 Shufi Mafi FM (Website) Deir ez-Zor/Raqqa
 Radio Orient (Website) (from Beirut, Lebanon), shut down in 2021
 Radio Fann FM (Website) (Jordanian, Syrian branch)
 Radio Sout al Shabab (Website) ORTAS
 Radio Tartus (Website) Tartus, ORTAS
 Kurdish:
 Arta FM (Website)
 Radio One FM Syria Group (Website)
 Pro-Turkish:
 Radio Alwan FM (from Istanbul, Turkey), shut down in December 2022
 Al-Asemeh Radio FM (Website), shut down December 2022
 Rozana Radio (Website) (from Gaziantep, Turkey), shut down in December 2022
 Hawa Smart FM (from Gaziantep,  Turkey), shut down in 2022
 Radio Hara FM (from Gaziantep,  Turkey), shut down in 2022
 Radio Free Syria : English-language web broadcast in Gaziantep, Turkey, shut down in 2023
 Radio Fresh : established in October 2014 in Kafr Nabl, broadcasting from Idlib
 Watan FM (from Istanbul, Turkey)

See also
Telecommunications in Syria

References

Syria
Radio in Syria


Dodington may refer to:

 Dodington, Gloucestershire, a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England
 Dodington, Somerset, a village in Somerset, England
 Dodington, a village in the parish of Whitchurch, Shropshire, England

See also
Doddington (disambiguation)


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of London North East was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Bethnal Green and Bow; Chingford; Hackney Central; Hackney North and Stoke Newington; Hackney South and Shoreditch; Leyton; Newham North West; Newham South; Stepney and Poplar; Walthamstow.

1984-1999: Bethnal Green and Stepney; Bow and Poplar; Chingford; Hackney North and Stoke Newington; Hackney South and Shoreditch; Leyton; Newham North West; Newham South; Walthamstow.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

North East
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Ben Kersten (born 21 September 1981 in Wollongong) is an Australian professional racing cyclist. He is a member of the Fly V Australia Pro Cycling Team.

He was a successful track rider for many years, before switching to road racing in 2009. He was the 2005 and 2006 Australian Male Track Cyclist of the Year. He has won more than 30 Australian Track Titles, was a 3 time Junior World Champion, and held 2 Junior World Records. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. He was selected in the 2004 Australian Olympic Games Team but did not compete.

Palmarès

1998
1st Kilo, World Track Championships, Havana – Junior
2nd Team Sprint, World Track Championships – Junior
1999
1st Kilo, World Track Championships, Athens – Junior
3rd Sprint, World Track Championships – Junior
1st Team Sprint, World Track Championships – Junior
2002
2nd Kilo, World Cup, Sydney
2nd Team Sprint, World Cup, Moscow
2003
1st Kilo, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
2nd Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
2004
3rd Kilo, World Cup, Aguascalientes (MEX)
2nd Kilo, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
1st Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
3rd Scratch, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney – U23
2nd Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
2nd Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Keirin, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Kilo, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Team Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
3rd Kilo, World Cup, Los Angeles
2005
2nd Kilo, World Cup, Manchester
2nd Pursuit, World Cup, Manchester
2nd Team Pursuit, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Kilo, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
3rd Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
2nd Scratch, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide – U23
2nd Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Kilo, World Cup, Sydney
3rd Team Sprint, World Cup, Sydney
1st Stage 5 Tour of the Murray River, Ouyen Criterium (AUS)
2006
1st Kilo, World Cup, Los Angeles
1st Kilo, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Kilo, Commonwealth Games, Melbourne
2nd Kilo, World Track Championships, Bordeaux
2007
1st Kilo, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
1st Omnium, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
2nd Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
3rd Oceania Cycling Championships, Track, Team Sprint, Invercargill
2008
3rd Team Sprint, Oceania Championships
3rd Team Sprint, World Cup, Los Angeles
2009
1st USA Pro 100 km Criterium Title, Downers Grove
1st Stage 1 Prologue Tour of Atlanta, Georgia
1st Stage 6 Gwinnett Bike Festival Tour, Georgia
1st Cronulla International Grand Prix, Cronulla
1st 3000m Wheelrace Tasmanian Christmas Carnivals
2nd Hanes Park Classic Criterium, Winston-Salem
3rd General Classification Tour of Atlanta
2nd Stage 2 Criterium Tour of Atlanta
2010
1st Stage 1, Tour of Somerville
1st Sunny King Criterium Anniston
1st OBCB Cycle Singapore Criterium Singapore
1st Boise Twilight Criterium Boise
3rd Stage 3 Nature Valley Grand Prix
3rd USA Speedweek Walterboro
2011
3rd Dana Point Criterium, Dana Point

References

External links
Interview on Cyclingresults.net

1981 births
Living people
Australian male cyclists
Australian track cyclists
Australian people of Dutch descent
Cyclists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Sportspeople from Wollongong
Cyclists from New South Wales
Australian Institute of Sport cyclists
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
20th-century Australian people
21st-century Australian people
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from New South Wales


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London North West was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Brent East, Brent North, Brent South, Chipping Barnet, Harrow Central, Harrow East, Harrow West, Hendon North and Hendon South. United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies were redrawn in 1983 and the European constituencies were altered to reflect this. The new seat comprised the following Westminster constituencies: Brent East, Brent North, Brent South, Harrow East, Harrow West, Hayes and Harlington, Ruislip-Northwood and Uxbridge. These boundaries were used in 1984, 1989 and 1994.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

North West
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London South was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Carshalton, Croydon Central, Croydon North East, Croydon North West, Croydon South, Mitcham and Morden, Sutton and Cheam, Wimbledon. However, from 1984 onwards it was merged into London South and Surrey East, having been combined with half of the former Surrey Constituency.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

South
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Welford Reservoir is in the English county of Northamptonshire.

Welford Reservoir is the lower of a pair of reservoirs owned by the Canal & River Trust - the other being Sulby Reservoir - that provide water to the summit level of the Grand Union Canal by way of the navigable Welford Arm.

References

External links

Canal reservoirs in England
Reservoirs in Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire District


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London South East was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Beckenham, Bexleyheath, Chislehurst, Erith and Crayford, Orpington, Ravensbourne, Sidcup, Woolwich East and Woolwich West.

United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies were redrawn in 1983 and the European constituencies were altered to reflect this. The new seat comprised the following Westminster constituencies: Beckenham, Bexleyheath, Chislehurst, Eltham, Erith and Crayford, Greenwich, Old Bexley and Sidcup, Orpington, Ravensbourne and Woolwich. These boundaries were used in 1984 and 1989. Greenwich was removed for the 1994 European Parliament election.

Members of the European Parliament

Elections

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

South East
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


White Bear is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Lacadena No. 228, Saskatchewan, Canada. Listed as a designated place by Statistics Canada, the hamlet had a population of 15 in the Canada 2006 Census. The community is approximately  northwest of Swift Current on the north side of the South Saskatchewan River.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, White Bear had a population of 25 living in 10 of its 13 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 10. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

History
The community's name comes from the sighting of a probable but now extirpated white prairie grizzly bear by an Assiniboine warrior on the shores of a neighbouring lake during the Palliser Expedition of the 1850s. Records from early Metis settlers and the North-West Mounted Police state the last roaming herd of American buffalo being slaughtered in the hills of the Missouri Coteau located  northeast around 1879.

During the 1930s, White Bear was a bustling community of approximately 250 residents with two grocery stores, a school, four grain elevators and three garages servicing an area of 200 families, but has since dwindled to a population of 15 in 2006.  Part of the decline is attributed to federal policy Canadian National Railway rail line in that area of Saskatchewan. The region rarely suffered poor crops, except during the droughts of the Great Depression and 1988. It is connected to the rest of the province through Highway 342, a now-decrepit road featuring signs with Imperial units in portions. Farmers from the area played prominently in the socialism that later defined Saskatchewan and then Canada through the introduction of Medicare and state-ran insurance.  The White Bear Hotel remains the only business in operation, noted for its hot wings and hospitality.

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan

References

Designated places in Saskatchewan
Lacadena No. 228, Saskatchewan
Populated places established in 1910
Unincorporated communities in Saskatchewan


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of London South Inner was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Bermondsey; Dulwich; Greenwich; Lewisham Deptford; Lewisham East; Lewisham West; Norwood; Peckham; Streatham.

1984-1994: Dulwich; Lewisham Deptford; Lewisham East; Lewisham West; Norwood; Peckham; Southwark and Bermondsey; Streatham; Vauxhall.

1994-1999: Dulwich; Greenwich; Lewisham Deptford; Lewisham East; Lewisham West; Norwood; Peckham; Southwark and Bermondsey; Vauxhall.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

South Inner
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of London South West was one of them.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Battersea North, Battersea South, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth Central, Putney, Richmond (Surrey), Surbiton, Tooting, Twickenham, Vauxhall.

1984–1994: Battersea, Epsom and Ewell, Kingston upon Thames, Mitcham and Morden, Putney, Surbiton, Tooting, Wimbledon.

1994–1999: Battersea, Kingston upon Thames, Mitcham and Morden, Putney, Streatham, Surbiton, Tooting, Wimbledon.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

Shelagh Roberts was disqualified as she was a member of the Occupational Pensions Board. She resigned from the board and contested the subsequent by-election.

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

South West
20th century in London
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Lothians was one of them.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Edinburgh Central, Edinburgh East, Edinburgh Leith, Edinburgh North, Edinburgh Pentlands, Edinburgh South, Edinburgh West, Midlothian, West Lothian.

1984–1999: Edinburgh Central, Edinburgh East, Edinburgh Leith, Edinburgh Pentlands, Edinburgh South, Edinburgh West, Linlithgow, Livingston, Midlothian.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

Lothian
European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Jason Niblett (born 18 February 1983 in Horsham, Victoria) is an Australian professional racing cyclist. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Niblett served as pilot to Kieran Modra at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, where the pair won two silver medals in the Men's tandem sprint B and Men's tandem time trial. In November 2014, Niblett and Modra were awarded the South Australian Institute of Sport Male Athlete with a Disability of the Year award.

Career highlights

2000
1st Team Sprint, World Championships – Juniors
2001
1st Team Sprint, World Championships – Juniors
2004
1st Team Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
2005
1st Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
2006
2nd Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
2nd Team Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
2008
3rd Team Sprint, World Cup, Los Angeles
2010
1st Team Sprint, Commonwealth Games, Delhi

References

External links

1983 births
Australian Institute of Sport cyclists
Australian male cyclists
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Cyclists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Living people
Cyclists from Victoria (state)
Australian track cyclists
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
South Australian Sports Institute alumni
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)


The Old Furnace Town Heritage Museum is an outdoor museum near Snow Hill, Maryland that uses a living history format with live demonstrations to re-create a vanished 19th-century community.  The museum contains various historic buildings, including most importantly the Nassawango Iron Furnace, an early 19th-century brick blast furnace that was used to smelt bog iron ore to make pig iron.  Other buildings, all of which have been moved to the site, include a church, a store, and several houses, one of which is used as an information center.

R. Frank Jones Museum
This building was Initially constructed in 1869 and moved to the Furnace Town Village in 1977.  The museum contains exhibits on the history of the local area and processing of pig iron.

Notes

External links
Furnace Town Living Heritage Museum (official website)
Furnace Town Living Heritage Museum (Ocean City Vacation and Hotels Guide website)

Industry museums in Maryland
Living museums in Maryland
Museums in Worcester County, Maryland
Industrial buildings and structures in Maryland
Snow Hill, Maryland


Mid and West Wales was a European Parliament constituency covering south western Wales.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The seat became part of the much larger Wales constituency in 1999.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Brecon and Radnor; Cardigan; Carmarthen; Gower; Llanelli; Pembroke; Swansea East; Swansea West.

1984–1994: Brecon and Radnor; Carmarthen; Ceredigion and Pembroke North; Gower; Llanelli; Neath; Pembroke; Swansea East; Swansea West.

1994–1999: Brecon and Radnor; Carmarthen; Ceredigion and Pembroke North; Llanelli; Meirionnydd Nant Conwy; Montgomery; Pembroke.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

|- style="background-color:#F6F6F6"
! style="background-color: " |
| colspan="2"   | New creation:  win.
| align="right" | Swing
| align="right" | N/A
||

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Wales (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Wales
1999 disestablishments in Wales
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


is a Buddhist temple head one of fourteen autonomous branches of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism, founded in 1397 by the lord of Mihara; Kobayakawa Haruhira; its first Abbot was Buttoku Daitsu Zenji. The temple is named after its honorary founder, the Chinese master Buttsu Zenji. Located in Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, the temple is head of the Buttsū-ji branch of Rinzai Zen, governing forty-seven temples.

See also
 For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.

Notes

References

Buddhist temples in Hiroshima Prefecture
Buttsū-ji temples

1390s establishments in Japan
Hiroshima Prefecture designated important cultural property


A storm cell is an air mass that contains up and down drafts in convective loops and that moves and reacts as a single entity, functioning as the smallest unit of a storm-producing system. An organized grouping of thunder clouds will thus be considered as a series of storm cells with their up/downdrafts being independent or interfering one with the other.

Characteristics

A storm cell can extend over an area the size of a few tens of square miles/kilometers and last 30 minutes or so. When the updraft and the environmental wind shear is well coordinated, the size and the duration of the cell can be much greater leading to a supercell. Finally, storm cells can form on the outflow of previous cells leading to multicellular thunderstorms or mesoscale convective systems. Slow motion of these more intense storm cells or groups of cells can produce large precipitation accumulations and flash flood, or other dangerous phenomena like hail and tornadoes.

Life cycle

One can distinguish three stages in the evolution of a thunderstorm cell:

formation: the upward current of the cell intensifies and allows the condensation of water vapor from the rising air parcel. This forms a cumulus congestus, then a cumulonimbus when ice crystals form at its apex which spreads horizontally in contact with the tropopause.
maturity: downdrafts are emerging. This stage is accompanied by characteristic phenomena such as lightning and thunder, showers (sometimes hail) and gust front.
dissipation: the cold pool descending from the cloud extends to the earth's surface and helps to block the feed by pushing the updraft downstream.

See also
 Pulse storm
 Supercell
 Multicellular thunderstorm

References

Storm
Severe weather and convection


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Mid Scotland and Fife was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire, Dunfermline, Fife Central, Fife East, Kinross and West Perthshire, Kirkcaldy, Perth and East Perthshire, Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth, Stirlingshire West,
1984-1999: Central Fife, Clackmannan, Dunfermline East, Dunfermline West, Falkirk East, Falkirk West, Kirkcaldy, North East Fife, Perth and Kinross, Stirling

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

Politics of Fife
European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Midlands Central was one of them.

From 1979 to 1984, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Coventry North East, Coventry North West, Coventry South East, Coventry South West, Solihull, Stratford-on-Avon, and Warwick and Leamington. From 1984 until its abolition in 1994 it consisted of Coventry North East, Coventry North West, Coventry South East, Coventry South West, Meriden, Rugby and Kenilworth, Solihull, and Warwick and Leamington.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Warwickshire
Politics of the West Midlands (county)
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Midlands East was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (under the terms of The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970, which had taken effect at the February 1974 general election) of Blaby, Bosworth, Loughborough, Meriden, Nuneaton, and Rugby.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Warwickshire
Politics of Leicestershire
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Midlands West was a constituency of the European Parliament in the United Kingdom which existed from 1979 to 1999, prior to its adoption of proportional representation.  It elected one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Dudley East; Dudley West; Halesowen and Stourbridge; Walsall North; Walsall South; Wolverhampton North East; Wolverhampton South East; Wolverhampton South West.

1984-1999: Dudley East; Dudley West; Halesowen and Stourbridge; Warley East; Warley West; Wolverhampton North East; Wolverhampton South East; Wolverhampton South West.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of the West Midlands (region)
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Norfolk was a constituency of the European Parliament located in the United Kingdom, electing one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system. Created in 1979 for the first elections to the European Parliament, it was abolished in 1999 on the adoption of proportional representation for European elections in the United Kingdom. It was succeeded by the East of England region.

Boundaries

On its creation in 1979, it consisted of the parliamentary constituencies of North Norfolk, North West Norfolk, South Norfolk, South West Norfolk, Norwich North, Norwich South and Yarmouth.

After the 1984 boundary changes based on the new UK parliamentary constituencies created in 1983, it consisted of the constituencies of Great Yarmouth, Mid Norfolk, North Norfolk, North West Norfolk, Norwich North, Norwich South, South Norfolk and South West Norfolk.

1994 saw further boundary changes and the constituency now consisted of Great Yarmouth, Mid Norfolk, North Norfolk, North West Norfolk, Norwich North, Norwich South and South Norfolk. South West Norfolk was transferred to the constituency of Suffolk and South West Norfolk.

The entire area became part of the East of England constituency in 1999.

MEPs
The constituency's first MEP, Paul Howell, was the son of Sir Ralph Howell, the long-serving Conservative MP for North Norfolk which was in this constituency.

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Norfolk
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of North East Scotland was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Aberdeen North, Aberdeen South, Aberdeenshire East, Aberdeenshire West, Angus North and Mearns, Angus South, Dundee East, Dundee West,
1984-1999: Aberdeen North, Aberdeen South, Angus East, Banff and Buchan, Dundee East, Dundee West, Gordon, Kincardine and Deeside, North Tayside

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prato Nevoso (or Pratonevoso) is a ski and holiday resort in northern Italy. It is located at 1480 m above sea level, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, within the municipal boundaries of the comune of Frabosa Sottana, of which it is a frazione, some four kilometres south of its centre.

History

Prato Nevoso's history as a resort dates back to the early 1960s, when a group of Ligurian entrepreneurs decided to create a resort easily accessible from Genoa and Turin.

The fast work of building and the low initial costs of the flats promoted spurred tourism, as well as the presence of the A6 Turin-Savona motorway (enlarged during the 1990s). The fast building did not follow any principle of organic urban program, and buildings were born in the complete architectural anarchy.

Giro d'Italia
As well as winter sports, the resort is popular with cyclists and has been the finish of three stages of the Giro d'Italia:

Tour de France

On July 20, 2008, the town served as the finish line for a stage in the 2008 Tour de France.  The finish is rated First Category with an 11.4 km climb at an average of 6.9%.

Tour de France stage finishes

References

External links
 Prato Nevoso dans le Tour de France
 Resort website
 Prato Nevoso ski resort guide

Frazioni of the Province of Cuneo
Ski areas and resorts in Italy
Frabosa Sottana


North Wales was a European Parliament constituency which roughly covered the geographic region of North Wales, from 1979 until 1999.  It was held by the Conservative Party from 1979 until 1989, during which time it was their only seat in Wales.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The seat became part of the much larger Wales constituency in 1999.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Anglesey, Caernarfon, Conwy, Denbigh, Flintshire East, Flintshire West, Merionnydd, Montgomery, Wrexham.

1984–1994: Alyn and Deeside, Caernarfon, Clwyd North West, Clwyd South West, Conwy, Delyn, Meirionnydd Nant Conwy, Montgomery, Wrexham, Ynys Mon.

1994–1999: Alyn and Deeside, Caernarfon, Clwyd North West, Clwyd South West, Conwy, Delyn, Wrexham, Ynys Mon.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Wales (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Wales
1999 disestablishments in Wales
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Janfusun Fancyworld () is an amusement park in Yongguang Village, Gukeng Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan.

The park occupies an area of approximately  and features Sky Wheel.

Ferris wheel
Janfusun Fancyworld is the home of the  tall Sky Wheel, a giant Ferris wheel. It has 50 passenger capsules and offers views across the Chianan Plain.

Roller coasters
The park's roller coasters include Diving Machine G5 and Insane Speed, both built by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard.

See also
 List of tourist attractions in Taiwan

References

External links


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Northamptonshire was one of them.

From 1979 to 1984, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aylesbury, Buckingham, Daventry, Harborough, Kettering, Northampton North, Northampton South,

From 1984 to 1994, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Blaby, Corby, Daventry, Harborough, Kettering, Northampton North, Northampton South, Wellingborough.

MEPs

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Northamptonshire
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


In political philosophy, particularly Frankfurt School critical theory, advanced capitalism is the situation that pertains in a society in which the capitalist model has been integrated and developed deeply and extensively and for a prolonged period. The expression advanced capitalism distinguishes such societies from the historical previous forms of capitalism, mercantilism and industrial capitalism, and partially overlaps with the concepts of a developed country; of the post-industrial age; of finance capitalism; of post-Fordism; of the spectacular society; of media culture; and of "developed", "modern", and "complex" capitalism.

Various writers identify Antonio Gramsci as an influential early theorist of advanced capitalism, even if he did not use the term himself. In his writings Gramsci sought to explain how capitalism had adapted to avoid the revolutionary overthrow that had seemed inevitable in the 19th century. At the heart of his explanation was the decline of raw coercion as a tool of class power, replaced by use of civil society institutions to manipulate public ideology in the capitalists' favor.

Jürgen Habermas has been a major contributor to the analysis of advanced-capitalistic societies. Habermas observed four general features that characterize advanced capitalism:
 Concentration of industrial activity in a few large firms
 Constant reliance on the state to stabilize the economic system
 A formally democratic government that legitimizes the activities of the state and dissipates opposition to the system
 The use of nominal wage increases to pacify the most restless segments of the work force

Bibliography
Jürgen Habermas. Legitimation Crisis. Trans. by T. McCarthy. Boston: Beacon, 1973. from google books; excerpt
Sombart, Werner (1916) Der moderne Kapitalismus. Historisch-systematische Darstellung des gesamteuropäischen Wirtschaftslebens von seinen Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Final edn. 1916, repr. 1969, paperback edn. (3 vols. in 6): 1987 Munich: dtv.  (Also in Spanish; no English translation yet.)
Ian Gough State Expenditure in Advanced Capitalism New Left Review
Fredric Jameson (1991) Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
Ernest Mandel Late Capitalism

See also
Capitalist mode of production
Late capitalism
Post-Fordism
State capitalism
State monopoly capitalism
White Collar: The American Middle Classes

References

Capitalist systems


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Northumbria was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Berwick-upon-Tweed, Blyth, Hexham, Morpeth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Central, Newcastle-upon-Tyne East, Newcastle-upon-Tyne North, Newcastle-upon-Tyne West, Wallsend
1984-1999: Berwick-upon-Tweed, Blyth Valley, Hexham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Central, Newcastle-upon-Tyne North, Tynemouth, Wallsend, Wansbeck.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in North East England (1979–1999)
Politics of Northumberland
Politics of Newcastle upon Tyne
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each, of which the constituency of Nottingham was one.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Ashfield; Bassetlaw; Beeston; Mansfield; Nottingham East; Nottingham North; Nottingham West.

1984-1994: Broxtowe; Gedling; Mansfield; Nottingham East; Nottingham North; Nottingham South; Rushcliffe; Sherwood.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Nottingham
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Salop and Stafford was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1974 boundaries) of Ludlow, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Oswestry, Shrewsbury, Stafford and Stone, Staffordshire South West, and The Wrekin.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Shropshire
Politics of Staffordshire
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Sheffield was a European Parliament constituency covering the City of Sheffield and parts of Derbyshire in England.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

When the constituency was created in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Chesterfield, Derbyshire North East, Sheffield Attercliffe, Sheffield Brightside, Sheffield Hallam, Sheffield Heeley, Sheffield Hillsborough and Sheffield Park.  In 1984, Park was replaced by Sheffield Central, and the boundaries of the other constituencies changed.  Larger changes occurred in 1994, when the Derbyshire constituencies were removed to Nottinghamshire North and Chesterfield and replaced by Barnsley West and Penistone.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999
European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Sheffield


Somerset was a European Parliament constituency in England, covering all of Somerset and southern Avon.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1974 boundaries) of Bath, Bridgwater, North Somerset, Taunton, Wells, Weston-super-Mare, and Yeovil.

The constituency was replaced by much of Somerset and West Dorset and part of Bristol in 1984.  Following further changes, these seats became part of the much larger South West England constituency in 1999.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Somerset
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


South East Wales was a European Parliament constituency covering south eastern Wales, including Gwent and parts of Mid Glamorgan.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aberdare, Abertillery, Bedwellty, Caerphilly, Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouth, Newport, Pontypool, Rhondda.

The constituency was replaced by most of the similarly named South Wales East in 1984.  This became part of the much larger Wales constituency in 1999.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Wales (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Wales
1984 disestablishments in Wales
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of South of Scotland was one of them.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Ayr, Ayrshire Central, Ayrshire South, Berwick and East Lothian, Dumfries, Galloway, Lanark, Roxburgh Selkirk and Peebles.

1984–1999: Ayr, Carrick Cumnock and Doon Valley, Clydesdale, Cunninghame South, Dumfries, East Lothian, Galloway and Upper Nithsdale, Roxburgh and Berwickshire, Tweeddale Ettrick and Lauderdale.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


This glossary of mill machinery covers the major pieces of machinery to be found in windmills, watermills and horse mills. It does not cover machinery found in modern factories.

Watermill machinery

Axle
The axle carries the waterwheel. It can also carry the Pit Wheel at its opposite end.

Bedstone
The Bedstone is the bottom of a pair of millstones. It does not move. The upper stone is called the Runner Stone.

Crown Wheel
The Crown Wheel is a driving wheel located at the top of the Upright Shaft

Great Spur Wheel
The Great Spur Wheel is a large gear attached to the Upright Shaft. It drives one or more Stone Nuts in a corn mill. If mounted on a Layshaft it is called a Spur Wheel and only drives one Stone Nut

Hurst Frame
An internal framework supporting the gears and millstones. This isolation prevents damage to the building from the vibrations of the workings.

Layshaft
A Layshaft in a watermill is a horizontal shaft, carrying a Wallower and one or more Spur Wheels. The term can also refer to a minor shaft driving machinery by pulleys and belts.

Overdrift
Millstones driven from above are known as Overdrift stones.

Pit Wheel
The Pit Wheel is mounted on the opposite end of the axle to the waterwheel. It drives the Wallower on the Upright Shaft or Layshaft.

Rim Drive
Some waterwheels have a rack attached to the circumference, which drives the mill via a pinion mounted on a separate axle, which has a Pit Wheel at its opposite end. This is known as Rim Drive.

Runner Stone
The Runner Stone is the topmost of a pair of millstones. It is driven by the Stone Nut. The lower stone is called a Bedstone.

Stone Nut
A Stone Nut is a small gear driven by the Great Spur Wheel or Spur Wheel. It drives the Runner Stone. In most watermills, the stones are driven from below. These are called Underdrift stones. A few watermills drove the stones from above, known as Overdrift stones.

Turbine
In some watermills, a Turbine was used as a source of power instead of a Waterwheel. In many cases, the Turbine was installed when a watermill was modernised, although a few mills were built new with Turbines.

Underdrift
Millstones driven from beneath are known as Underdrift stones.

Upright Shaft
The Upright Shaft in the main driven shaft in a watermill. It carries the wallower, Great Spur Wheel and sometimes a Crown Wheel.

Wallower
The Wallower is a small gear at the base of the upright shaft in a watermill, it is driven by the Pit Wheel.

 Waterwheel
A waterwheel is a source of power for a watermill. It is mounted on the axle and drives the mill by a Pit Wheel or Rim Drive. In some watermills, the Waterwheel was replaced by a Turbine.

Windmill machinery

Bedstone
The Bedstone is the bottom of a pair of millstones. It does not move. The upper stone is called the Runner Stone.

Brake Wheel
The Brake Wheel is the main driving wheel in a Smock or Tower mill, and in some post mills. It is carried on the Windshaft and drives the Wallower on the Upright Shaft

Buck
The Buck is an East-Anglian term for the body of a post-mill.

Centrifugal governors
Governors are used to regulate the distance and pressure between millstones in windmills in the 17th century.

Crown Tree
The Crown Tree is the central, single baulk of timber, usually oak, that rests on top of the post in a post mill. Attached to it are the side-girts and the rest of the frame of the buck.

Crown wheel
In a windmill, a Crown Wheel is an auxiliary gear on the Upright Shaft.

Fantail
A fantail is a small windmill which is used to keep a windmill facing into the wind automatically.

Great Spur Wheel
The Great Spur Wheel is carried on the Upright Shaft. It drives the Stone Nuts. Millstones driven by the Great Spur Wheel can be either Overdrift or Underdrift.

Head Wheel
The Head Wheel is carried on the Windshaft in a Post Mill and has a brake around its circumference. It drives a Stone Nut, Millstones driven by the Head Wheel are always Overdrift stones.

Middling

See Stock

Overdrift
Millstones driven from above are known as Overdrift stones.

Pintle
The pivot centering a post mill on top of the main post.

Runner Stone
The Runner Stone is the topmost of a pair of millstones. It is driven by the Stone Nut. The lower stone is called a Bedstone.

Sails
The Sails are the source of power in a windmill. They are carried on the Windshaft. Most windmills had four sails, although some had five (Boston), six (Waltham, Lincs) or eight sails Heckington, Lincs and there is one recorded twelve sailed windmill (Cottenham, Cambs).

Common Sails have a lattice framework over which a sailcloth is spread. These were the earliest type of sails in northern European windmills.

Spring Sails, invented in 1772 by Andrew Meikle, have shutters adjusted by a spring. Each sail is adjusted individually and, as with Common Sails the mill has to be stopped to enable an adjustment to be made.

Roller Reefing Sails, invented in 1789 by Stephen Hooper, use a canvas strip wound around a roller in the place of shutters. The mill does not have to be stopped in order to adjust the sails.

Patent Sails, invented in 1819 by William Cubitt, combine the shutters of the Spring Sail with the automatic adjustment of the Roller Reefing Sail. Single Patents have shutters on the trailing side of the sail, Double Patents have shutters on both sides of the sail for its whole length.

Samson Head
An iron collar and plate bearing that fits over the pintle of a post-mill's post, that supports the weight of the crown tree, around which the buck of the mill is constructed. An example is visible at High Salvington windmill.

Stock
The beam that passes through the canister of the windshaft, which the sails are bolted onto.

Stone Nut
The Stone Nut is a small gear driven by the Great Spur Wheel, Head Wheel, or Tail Wheel. It drives the Runner Stone either from above (Overdrift) or below (Underdrift).

Tail Wheel
The Tail Wheel is carried on the Windshaft in a Post Mill and drives a Stone Nut. Millstones driven by the Tail Wheel are always Overdrift stones.

Trestle
The Trestle is the substructure of a Post Mill, usually enclosed in a protective structure called a roundhouse, which also serves as a storage facility. Post mills without a roundhouse are called Open Trestle Post Mills.

Underdrift
Millstones driven from beneath are known as Underdrift stones.

Upright Shaft
The Upright Shaft is the main vertical shaft found in Smock and Tower mills. It is also found in some Post mills. It carries the Wallower at its top end, and a Great Spur Wheel at the bottom end. The Great Spur Wheel drives two or more Stone nuts.

Wallower
The Wallower is a driven gear at the top of the Upright Shaft in Smock, Tower and some Post mills. It is driven by the Brake Wheel

Windshaft
The Windshaft carries the Sails and also the Brake Wheel (Smock and Tower mills, and in some Post mills) or the Head Wheel and Tail Wheel in a Post Mill. Windshafts can be wholly made of wood, or wood with a cast iron Poll End (where the Sails are mounted) or entirely of cast iron.

See also
"A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology" - Abecedary

References

External links
A Short Guide to Green’s Mill and How it all Works
Glossary of mill terms

Mill Machinery
Windmills
Watermills
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Staffordshire East was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Burton, Cannock, Leek, Lichfield and Tamworth, Stoke-on-Trent Central, Stoke-on-Trent North, Stoke-on-Trent South,  although this may not have been true for the whole of its existence.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Staffordshire
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Strathclyde East was one of them.

When it was created in Scotland in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bothwell, Coatbridge and Airdrie, East Kilbride, Hamilton, Kilmarnock, Lanarkshire North, Motherwell and Wishaw, and Rutherglen. In 1984 until 1999 it consisted of the constituencies of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, East Kilbride, Glasgow Rutherglen, Hamilton, Kilmarnock and Loudoun, Monklands East, Monklands West, Motherwell North, and Motherwell South.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Madeline in America and Other Holiday Tales is an illustrated collection of short stories by Ludwig Bemelmans, with only one of the stories featuring his popular children's character Madeline. This collection was first published in 1999 by Arthur A. Levine Books, and features stories previously published in other publications, with artwork by Ludwig Bemelmans' grandson, John Bemelmans-Marciano.

Plot
In the main tale, Madeline's great-grandfather dies, and he ends up leaving her a sizable inheritance. Madeline and her schoolmates, under the supervision of their teacher, Miss Clavel, go to America and have a wonderful vacation. It turns out that, much to Madeline's disappointment, she can't claim the inheritance her great-grandfather left for her until she is an adult. While Madeline, her classmates and their teacher ultimately return to Paris, Madeline vows to eventually return to America.

External links
Madeline in America and Other Holiday Tales

1999 short story collections
1999 children's books
American picture books
American short story collections
Children's short story collections
Arthur A. Levine Books books
Children's books set in the United States


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Strathclyde West was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Bute and North Ayrshire, Central Dunbartonshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Greenock and Port Glasgow, Paisley, West Dunbartonshire, West Renfrewshire.

1984-1999: Clydebank and Milngavie, Cunninghame North, Dumbarton, Eastwood, Greenock and Port Glasgow, Paisley North, Paisley South, Renfrew West and Inverclyde, Strathkelvin and Bearsden.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in Scotland (1979–1999)
1979 establishments in Scotland
1999 disestablishments in Scotland
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Suffolk was a constituency of the European Parliament located in the United Kingdom, electing one Member of the European Parliament by the first-past-the-post electoral system. Created in 1979 for the first elections to the European Parliament, it was abolished in 1994 and succeeded by the constituencies of Suffolk and South West Norfolk, Essex North and Suffolk South and Cambridgeshire.

Boundaries

On its creation in 1979, it consisted of the parliamentary constituencies of Bury St Edmunds, Eye, Harwich, Ipswich, Lowestoft and Sudbury and Woodbridge.

After the 1984 boundary changes based on the new UK parliamentary constituencies created in 1983, it consisted of the constituencies of Bury St. Edmunds, Central Suffolk, Ipswich, South East Cambridgeshire, South Suffolk, Suffolk Coastal and Waveney. South East Cambridgeshire had previously been part of Cambridge and Bedfordshire North, while Harwich was now part of Essex North East.

The constituency was abolished in 1994. Bury St Edmunds, Central Suffolk, Ipswich, Suffolk Coastal and Waveney became part of the new European constituency of Suffolk and South West Norfolk. South East Cambridgeshire was transferred to Cambridgeshire, and Suffolk South to Essex North and Suffolk South.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Suffolk
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Surrey was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Chertsey and Walton, Dorking, Epsom and Ewell, Esher, Guildford, Reigate, Surrey North West, and Woking.

It was split in 1984, with the eastern half merging with London South as London South and Surrey East and the rest becoming Surrey West.

The constituency was re-created in 1994, consisting of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Chertsey and Walton, Esher, Guildford, Mole Valley, North West Surrey, Reigate, and Woking.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Surrey
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984
1994 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1994
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Stafford Springs, Mississippi is an unincorporated community located in Jasper County, Mississippi, United States, along U.S. Route 11.

History
The community was named for Edward Stafford, who settled in the area in the late 19th century. Stafford was alerted to the presence of a mineral spring in the area by Choctaws, who took their wounded and sick there for its purported healing powers. On May 19, 1892, the Stafford Mineral Springs and Hotel Company was organized in New Orleans. A bottling works was founded the next year and the spring water was soon shipped throughout the country. The Stafford Springs Hotel opened in 1899. The shareholders sold the company in 1918, and visitors stopped arriving to the springs during the Great Depression. The hotel continued to be opened yearly from April to September. In 1952, the Stafford Springs Hotel was demolished. The area was then briefly used for a dude ranch.

The Mississippi Art Colony was located in Stafford Springs from 1962 to 1970.

A post office operated under the name Stafford Springs from 1919 to 1955.

References

External links
Postcard of the Stafford Springs Hotel from the Mississippi Department of Archives and History

Unincorporated communities in Jasper County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Sussex East was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion, Eastbourne, East Grinstead, Hastings, Hove, Lewes, and Rye.  In 1984 it consisted of Bexhill and Battle, Brighton Kemptown, Brighton Pavilion, Eastbourne, Hastings and Rye, Hove, Lewes, and Wealden.

Sir Jack Stewart-Clark of the Conservatives was the MEP for the constituency's entire existence; he then went on to represent the new constituency of East Sussex and Kent South until 1999.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of East Sussex
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


"A Transfer", known by the Japanese title  is the third episode of the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion, created by Gainax. Series director Hideaki Anno and writer Akio Satsukawa wrote the episode, directed by Hiroyuki Ishido. It aired originally on TV Tokyo on October 18, 1995. The series is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm named Second Impact, particularly in the futuristic fortified city of Tokyo-3. The protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy whose father, Gendo, recruited him to the organization Nerv to pilot a giant bio-machine mecha named Evangelion into combat with beings called Angels. In the episode, Shinji begins attending his new school in Tokyo-3 and has a difficult time dealing with the fame of being an Evangelion pilot. His classmate Toji Suzuhara, whose little sister was injured in Shinji's fight against the Angel Sachiel shown in the previous episode, is angry at him; a new Angel named Shamshel appears, and Shinji must once again pilot Eva-01 to defeat it.

Production for "A Transfer" began after the fifth and sixth episodes. The episode analyzes the characters' relationships and Shinji's psyche in particular. "A Transfer" scored a 7.1% rating of audience share on Japanese TV and received a divided reception. Critics praised the animation, sound, and character focus, while others criticized Toji's characterization and Shinji's actions.

Plot
Shinji Ikari tries to adjust to his new life in Tokyo-3. He is now the official pilot of the giant mecha Evangelion 01 for the special agency Nerv and lives with Nerv's captain Misato Katsuragi, though their relationship is still distant. As the episode opens, he is lethargically going through the motions of training. In the morning he departs for school; Nerv's Dr. Ritsuko Akagi calls Misato to check on Shinji and is told that Shinji seems to have made no friends at school. There, Shinji's classmates Kensuke Aida, Toji Suzuhara, and Hikari Horaki are first introduced. They begin to discuss the battle between a mecha and an enemy named Sachiel, the third of a series of beings called Angels, which took place in the previous episode. Toji has only just returned to class for the first time since the fight, explaining that he had to care for his sister, who was injured in the battle with Sachiel. When Shinji's classmates discover his identity as a pilot, Toji, who blames him for his sister's injuries, gives him a beating in retaliation, and Shinji's protestations that he was piloting involuntarily make Toji angrier.

The fourth Angel, Shamshel, attacks Tokyo-3 and Shinji is mobilized in Eva-01 to defend the city. Kensuke convinces Toji to sneak out of their shelter to watch the battle from nearby. Shinji loses his nerve to fight and is tossed into the air by Shamshel, almost killing Toji and Kensuke as he lands. This also severs Eva-01's Umbilical Cable, leaving it with just five minutes of reserve power. Shinji then begins fighting a defensive battle, attempting to protect Toji and Kensuke rather than defeat the Angel. To protect them from the battle, Misato orders Toji and Kensuke to take refuge in the Evangelion's cockpit. Inside, Toji sees Shinji's great anguish and pain as he fights the Angel, and is beset by remorse. Misato orders Shinji to retreat, but he loses his temper and charges Shamshel with his knife, defeating the Angel as its power runs out. Days later, Kensuke gives Toji the number of Shinji's phone so he can apologize; Toji attempts to call but stops.

Production
Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno and Akio Satsukawa wrote the script for "A Transfer". Assistant director Kazuya Tsurumaki and Hiroyuki Ishido composed the storyboards. Ishido also served as director, while Nobuhiro Hosoi took the role of chief animator, and Tsurumaki and Yoshitoh Asari served as assistant character designers. Animator Yō Yoshinari also contributed to the depiction of the battle against Eva-01 and the Angel Shamshel. The staff initially called the episode . After the battle with the Angel, Shinji would have become friends with Toji and Kensuke, receiving a call from them; the staff, however, changed the planned scenario and moved the beginning of the friendship to the following episode, "Hedgehog's Dilemma". The title was later changed to "The Silent Phone", with the English title "A Transfer". According to the schedule, Anno had already worked on the fifth and sixth episodes of the series at the time. He felt he had to go beyond regular anime in developing realistic characters for "A Transfer" and "Hedgehog's Dilemma", so he tried to focus on Shinji's relationships in the installments.

For writer Dani Cavallaro, the first scene, in which Shinji engages in a simulation with a virtual image of the Angel Sachiel intended to refine his skills, is a "characteristic example of Evangelions self-referential use of computer technology, insofar as the video game-style images of the Eva-01 of Sachiel employed by the Nerv personnel in the exercise are indeed computer-generated to a substantial extent". Specific technical terminology was used for the simulated battle, including terms such as "gain" and "induction mode". In the episode, an image of a crater generated by the battle in the previous episode, "The Beast", was introduced, in which a mountain named Mount Takanosu was depicted. Tokyo-3 is also shown in a battle for the first time in "A Transfer"; for the landscapes of the city, Anno took inspiration from Tracy Island from the Thunderbirds series and the headquarters of UFOs SHADO organization. An imperfect three-dimensional representation of the Entry Plug was also added at the end of the episode, produced by Kensuke on his laptop according to his memories.

Several voice actors were used again to portray Shinji's classmates in the installment; the female companions, in particular, are voiced by Yūko Miyamura, Kotono Mitsuishi, and Megumi Hayashibara, who also voices the characters of Asuka Langley Soryu, Misato Katsuragi, and Rei Ayanami. At the beginning of the episode, a radio program with two female speakers talking about Matsuzaki city was included, revealing details about the geography of the world of Evangelion in "A Transfer". Junko Iwao and Yūko Miyamura voiced the two female speakers of the radio program. Eiji Maruyama, who worked on Mirai Keisatsu Urashiman and other anime series, also voiced Shinji's math teacher. British singer Claire Littley sang a cover of "Fly Me to the Moon" which was later used as the episode's closing theme song, replaced in late home video editions by another cover by Yoko Takahashi.

Cultural references and themes

The key theme of "A Transfer" and the following episode, "Hedgehog's Dilemma", is interpersonal communication. "A Transfer" focuses on Shinji's communication difficulties, rather than his battle with Shamshel. The assistant director of the series, Kazuya Tsurumaki, noticed that at the beginning of the episode Shinji talks to Misato without going into her room or them looking at each other, "Like they are looking through a slightly opened door, but not connecting". Tsurumaki also pointed out how the same "distant, awkward communication" can be observed between Shinji and Rei and Shinji and his father. Multiversity Comics' Matthew Garcia traced an influence on the episodes to Hideaki Anno's personal experience, particularly the production of his previous work, Nadia; according to him, like Anno on Nadia, Shinji is thrown "into a situation he didn't understand or have much investment in".

Shinji struggles to make friends and has a cold, laconic, reserved attitude in the episode; Ritsuko mentions the hedgehog's dilemma, a psychoanalytic term, to describe his behaviour. Like the hedgehogs of Arthur Schopenhauer's Parerga and Paralipomena, Shinji is afraid to be hurt and withdraws from human contact. Akio Satsukawa added the term while writing the script, and it would later become one of the show's main themes.

One of Shinji's classmates seen in "A Transfer" resembles Nadia Arwol, a character from Gainax's previous work, The Secret of Blue Water. The episode also mentions the date of the Second Impact, September 13, 2000, which is a tribute to the TV show Space 1999, in which an explosion of radioactive waste deposits on the Moon takes place on September 13, 1999, causing the satellite to change its orbit. Mecha anime of the 1960s inspired the battle against Shamshel; the Angel's design is also reminiscent of Alien Bira, an extraterrestrial species that appeared in the Ultraman franchise. Torii are also framed during the battle against Shamshel, which are also a reference to previous tokusatsu series.

Reception
"A Transfer" aired on October 18, 1995, and scored a 7.1% rating of audience share on Japanese TV. Official merchandise based on the episode has been released, including lighters and t-shirts.

The episode met with a divided reception. Screen Rant criticized Toji's aggression, as Comic Book Resources Ajay Aravind did; according to Aravind, his behavior "has no rhyme nor reason to it, making him a classic bully". Screen Rant Jack Cameron placed the battle against Shamshel among the lowest of Neon Genesis Evangelion fights, while Film School Rejects Max Covill criticized Shinji's actions, describing them as "frustrating". The Anime Café's reviewer Akio Nagatomi praised Shinji's manner to cope with the pressures of his pilot role and the glimpse into what the civilians go during the battles. He also praised animation, soundtrack and directing, but criticized Shinji's revelation of being a pilot to his classmates as "some socially-inept writer's attempt to live out some adolescent fantasy". Jane Nagatomi similarly criticized the episode as "too predictable". EX.org's Peter Cahill praised "the wanton destruction and desperate heroism" of the battle, also eulogizing the animation of "A Transfer" and "Hedgehog's Dilemma". Noah Black similarly praised the characters' development, as they have time to comprehend and begin to deal with the issues and duties forced upon them. Supanova Expo's official website ranked the scene in which Shinji rescues his classmates from Shamshel among the best moments of the character.

References
  Text was copied/adapted from Episode 03 at Evageeks wiki, which is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1995 Japanese television episodes
Neon Genesis Evangelion episodes
Science fiction television episodes


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Sussex West was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Arundel; Chichester; Havant and Waterloo; Horsham and Crawley; Mid Sussex; Shoreham; Worthing.

1984-1994: Arundel; Chichester; Crawley; Horsham; Mid Sussex; Shoreham; Worthing.

MEPs

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of West Sussex
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Thames Valley was one of them.

Boundaries
1979-1984: Beaconsfield; Chesham and Amersham; Eton and Slough; Spelthorne; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; Wycombe.

1984-1999: East Berkshire; Reading East; Reading West; Slough; Spelthorne; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Berkshire
Politics of Surrey
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Tyne South and Wear was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1974 boundaries) of Blaydon, Gateshead East, Gateshead West, Jarrow, South Shields, Sunderland North, Sunderland South, and Tynemouth.

Member of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in North East England (1979–1999)
Politics of Tyne and Wear
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


The Danish Ministry of Social Affairs was re-created in 2010 as a split of the Social Welfare ministry created after the 2007 Folketing elections. The split moved the section that had to do with the Ministry of the Interior off into the Ministry of the Interior and Health. The current minister is Pernille Rosenkrantz-Theil.

List of ministers

References

External links
Official website

Social Affairs
Society of Denmark
Denmark
Ministries established in 2007


Crehen (, ) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Hannut, Belgium.

External links
Crehen, Hannut Official website

Former municipalities of Liège Province
Hannut


Upper Thames was a United Kingdom European Parliament constituency, electing one member under the first-past-the-post system. It came into being for the European Parliament election of 1979 and ceased to exist in 1984, due to boundary reorganization.

Upper Thames consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1974 boundaries) of Abingdon, Devizes, Henley, Newbury, Swindon, Reading North, and Reading South. Its only Member of the European Parliament was Robert Jackson.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Berkshire
Politics of Oxfordshire
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Martin de Barcos (1600–1678), was a French Catholic priest and  theologian of the Jansenist School.

Life
Barcos was born at Bayonne, a nephew of Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, the commendatory abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Cyran in the Duchy of Berry, who sent him to Belgium to be taught by Cornelius Jansen. When he returned to France he served for a time as tutor to a son of Robert Arnauld d'Andilly and later, in 1644, succeeded his uncle as the owner of the abbey. He did much to improve the abbey; new buildings were erected, and the library much enhanced.

Unlike many commendatory abbots of his day, however, who scarcely ever saw the monasteries over which they held authority, Barcos became an active member of the abbey, became a priest in 1647, and gave himself up to the rigid asceticism preached by his sect. He died there.

Barcos' ties with Du Vergier and Arnauld and, through them, with the Abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs, soon brought him to the front in the debates about Jansenism. He collaborated with his uncle in the Petrus Aurelius and with Arnauld in the book on Frequent Communion.

Writings
Of Barcos' own treatises, some bear on authority in the Church and some on the then-much mooted questions of grace and predestination. To the first class belong (1) De l'autorité de saint Pierre et de saint Paul (1645), (2) Grandeur de l'Église de Rome qui repose sur l'autorité de saint Pierre et de saint Paul (1645). (3) Éclaircissements sur quelques objections que l'on a formées contre la grandeur de l'Église de Rome (1646). These three books were written in support of an assertion contained in the book On Frequent Communion, namely: "St. Peter and St. Paul are the two heads of the Roman Church and the two are one". This theory of dual church authority, implying an equality of the two apostles, was condemned as heretical by Pope Innocent X in 1674 (Denzinger, Enchiridion, 965).

To the second class belong:

A censure of Jacques Sirmond's Praedestinatus (1644).
Quae sit Sancti Augustini et doctrinae eius auctoritas in ecclesia? (1650). Barcos holds that a proposition clearly founded on St. Augustine can be absolutely accepted and taught, regardless of a papal bull. For this he was condemned by Pope Alexander VIII, 1690 (Cf. Denzinger, no. 1187). Some critics of the Jansenists argued that they placed too much emphasis on their interpretation various teachings of Augustine.
Exposition de la foy de l'Église romaine touchant la grâce et la prédestination (1696). This book was written at the request of the Jansenist Bishop of Aleth, Nicolas Pavillon, and may be looked upon as the official exposé of Jansenism. It was condemned by the Holy Office, 1697, and again, 1704, when it was published with the Instructions sur la grâce of Antoine Arnauld.

References
 cites:
Hugo Hurter, Nomenclator, II (Innsbruck, 1893);
Migne, Dict. de biog. Chret. (Paris, 1851);

1600 births
1678 deaths
People from Bayonne
Jansenists
17th-century French Catholic theologians
17th-century French Roman Catholic priests
Burials in Centre-Val de Loire


Wessex was a European Parliament constituency covering all of Dorset in England, plus parts of western Hampshire and southern Wiltshire. It was named after the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bournemouth East, Bournemouth West, Christchurch and Lymington, North Dorset, Poole, South Dorset, Westbury and West Dorset.

The constituency was replaced by much of Dorset East and Hampshire West and parts of Somerset and Dorset West and Wiltshire in 1984.  Following further changes, these seats became part of the much larger South West England and South East England constituencies in 1999.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of Dorset
Politics of Hampshire
Politics of Wiltshire
Wessex
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Wight and Hampshire East was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aldershot, Fareham, Farnham, Gosport, Isle of Wight, Petersfield, Portsmouth North, and Portsmouth South.

Members of the European Parliament

Election results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of the Isle of Wight
Politics of Hampshire
1979 establishments in England
1994 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1994


Yorkshire North was a European Parliament constituency covering much of North Yorkshire and part of Humberside in England.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Barkston Ash, Goole, Harrogate, Ripon, Skipton, Thirsk and Malton, York. In 1984, most of the seat became part of the new York constituency, with small parts going to Humberside and Yorkshire South.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of North Yorkshire
History of North Yorkshire
Political history of Yorkshire
1979 establishments in England
1984 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1984


Yorkshire South was a European Parliament constituency covering most of South Yorkshire in England.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The area was later included in the Yorkshire and the Humber European Parliament Constituency, which was represented by seven members in 1999–2004 and six from 2004 onwards.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Barnsley; Dearne Valley; Doncaster; Don Valley; Penistone; Rotherham; Rother Valley.

1984–1999: Barnsley Central; Barnsley East; Doncaster Central; Doncaster North; Don Valley; Rotherham; Rother Valley; Wentworth.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of South Yorkshire
Political history of Yorkshire
History of South Yorkshire
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Yorkshire South West was a European Parliament constituency covering the southern parts of West Yorkshire in England and, at times, part of South Yorkshire.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Yorkshire South West was one of them.

The area was later included in the Yorkshire and the Humber European Parliament Constituency, which was represented by seven members in 1999–2004 and six from 2004 onwards.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Colne Valley; Dewsbury; Hemsworth; Huddersfield East; Huddersfield West; Normanton; Pontefract and Castleford; Wakefield.

1984–1994: Barnsley West and Penistone; Colne Valley; Dewsbury; Hemsworth; Huddersfield; Normanton; Pontefract and Castleford; Wakefield.

1994–1999: Batley and Spen; Colne Valley; Dewsbury; Hemsworth; Huddersfield; Normanton; Pontefract and Castleford; Wakefield.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of West Yorkshire
History of West Yorkshire
Political history of Yorkshire
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999


Farouk Shami is a Palestinian-American businessman and founder of the hair-care and spa products company, Farouk Systems located in Texas. In 2009, Shami ran in the 2010 Texas gubernatorial election.

Early life
He was born in Beit Ur al-Tahta, a village near Ramallah in the West Bank.

Entrepreneur
Shami has worked for decades in the field of hair-care product development, and attended cosmetology school in Arkansas.
He invented the first ammonia- free hair color, after developing an allergy to the chemical that initially led doctors to encourage him to leave his profession.

His company, the Houston-based Farouk Systems, currently employs 600+ people in the US, and exports its line of hair and skin care products under the BioSilk, SunGlitz and Cationic Hydration Interlink (CHI) brands to over 106 countries worldwide.

On May 1, 2011, Shami made an appearance on The Celebrity Apprentice, when the show's contestants were given a project in which they promoted Farouk Systems products. He appeared again in the 4th episode of All Star Celebrity Apprentice.

Controversy as Gubernatorial candidate
On Nov 19, 2009 Shami announced he was running for governor of Texas as a Democrat. During his campaign, he stated that he is not a member of any one specific organized religion, but said that he has a deep sense of personal relationship with God and that he felt a 'religious tug' in deciding to run for the public office. Shami lost to former Mayor Bill White in Democratic Primary by over a 60% margin.

Shami has had controversial moments on the campaign trail. Most notably, when asked if he believed it was possible the U.S. government had involvement in the September 11 attacks in 2001, Shami stated that he was "not sure" if the U.S. government was behind the bombing or not. After being given a chance to clarify his statement, Shami again stated the jury was out and refused to rule out the possibility. In the same interview with a Dallas radio station, Shami stated that he mostly hired blacks and Hispanics because he does not believe that whites wanted to work on factory floors. He stated that white people would want positions as supervisors or would want to be paid more than their counterparts.

Shami was a member of the board of the American Task Force on Palestine, he resigned in 2010. Tax records show he currently owns the building at 1732 Wisconsin Ave used by PLO as their mission in Washington, DC. The Trump administration asked the PLO to close their mission  on Sept 10, 2018.

Relationship with Donald Trump
Shami has described himself as "Trump’s friend of 12 years" and has a long business relationship with Donald Trump through The Miss USA/Miss Universe pageants and Celebrity Apprentice. In June 2015, Farouk Systems withdrew advertising sponsorship of the Miss USA pageant due to Donald Trump's anti-Hispanic comments, although Farouk System products continued to be used by contestants at the event.  In December 2015, Farouk Systems returned as a sponsor of the event.

References

External links
 Profile of Farouk Shami at the Institute for Middle East Understanding
 "Color of success" Houston Business Journal, 3 May 2002
 Farouk Systems Group website
 Interview with Farouk Shami
 Campaign Website

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Palestinian businesspeople
People from Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
Palestinian emigrants to the United States
University of Arkansas alumni


Yorkshire West was a European Parliament constituency covering the western parts of West Yorkshire in England, including Bradford and Halifax.

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bradford North, Bradford South, Bradford West, Brighouse and Spenborough, Halifax, Keighley, Shipley and Sowerby. In 1984, Batley and Spen and Calder Valley replaced Brighouse and Spenborough, and Sowerby, but Batley and Spen was removed again in 1994.

The area was later included in the Yorkshire and the Humber European Parliament Constituency, which was represented by seven members in 1999–2004 and six from 2004 onwards.

Boundaries
1979–1984: Bradford North; Bradford South; Bradford West; Brighouse and Spenborough; Halifax; Keighley; Shipley; Sowerby.

1984–1994: Batley and Spen; Bradford North; Bradford South; Bradford West; Calder Valley; Halifax; Keighley; Shipley.

1994–1999: Bradford North; Bradford South; Bradford West; Calder Valley; Halifax; Keighley; Shipley.

Members of the European Parliament

Results

References

External links
 David Boothroyd's United Kingdom Election Results

European Parliament constituencies in England (1979–1999)
Politics of West Yorkshire
History of West Yorkshire
Political history of Yorkshire
1979 establishments in England
1999 disestablishments in England
Constituencies established in 1979
Constituencies disestablished in 1999