Alan Charles Harrington (17 November 1933 – 23 December 2019) was a Welsh professional footballer and Wales international. Harrington played his entire professional career at Cardiff City where he is regarded as one of the club's all-time greats.

Career

Born in Penarth, Harrington joined Cardiff City from local side Cardiff Nomads in 1951. He made his debut midway through the following season in a 0–0 draw with Tottenham Hotspur. He went on to hold a position in the first-team squad for the next twelve years, although he missed the entire 1963–64 season due to a broken leg.

He was forced to retire from playing after suffering a second broken leg during a 1–1 against Leyton Orient in January 1966. In later years, Harrington managed Barry Town, steering them to the Welsh Football League championship in 1982–83.

In November 2007 he was awarded an FAW merit award.

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Penarth
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Cardiff City F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football defenders


The 1950–51 Honduran Amateur League was the fourth edition of the Honduran Amateur League.  F.C. Motagua obtained its 2nd national title.  The season ran from 9 September 1950 to 23 January 1951.

Regional champions
For the first time the department of Yoro included a team to participate for the national championship.

Known results

National championship round
Played in a single round-robin format in Tegucigalpa between the regional champions.  Also known as the Cuadrangular.

Known results

Motagua's lineup

References

Liga Amateur de Honduras seasons
Honduras
1950 in Honduras
1951 in Honduras


Pierre Bertrand (December 24, 1875 – December 22, 1948) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Early life

He was born on December 24, 1875, in Quebec City's St. Roch neighborhood.

City Councillor

Bertrand served as a city councillor for Quebec City Council from 1914 to 1927, 1930 to 1932 and 1936 to 1948.

Federal Politics

Bertrand ran as a Conservative candidate in the district of Quebec West in the 1921 federal election and finished second against Liberal incumbent Georges Parent.

Member of the legislature

He ran as a Labour candidate in the district of Saint-Sauveur in the 1923 provincial election and won.  He lost the 1927 provincial election.  Bertrand was re-elected as a Conservative candidate in the 1931 and the 1935 elections.  He joined Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and was re-elected in the 1936 election.

Legislative Councillor

Bertrand was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec not long before the 1939 election.

Death

He died on December 22, 1948.

References

1875 births
1948 deaths
Labour Party (Quebec) MNAs
Quebec City councillors
Union Nationale (Quebec) MLCs
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs


The Mt. Harlan AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in San Benito County, California. It is located in the Gabilan Mountains and is part of the larger Central Coast AVA.  At elevations of  to  above sea level, the soil is predominantly limestone.  The AVA was established as the result of a petition to the United States Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau by Josh Jensen and the Calera Wine Company, the only commercial winery in the appellation.

References

American Viticultural Areas of California
Gabilan Range
Geography of San Benito County, California
American Viticultural Areas
1990 establishments in California


Common Sky, formerly named MAPJet, is an Austrian aviation company headquartered in Linz that offers aircraft, crew, maintenance and insurance (ACMI) services as well as business jet charters.

History
In January 2010 MAPJet founded Austriair, a new scheduled airline based at Vienna International Airport which planned to operate with Bombardier Q400 and Embraer 195 aircraft leased from Augsburg Airways. The first planned routes would have led from Vienna to Munich and Frankfurt. In April 2010 however, they cancelled their scheduled operations project. One reason given was a lawsuit claim from Austrian Airlines due to possible trademark violations.

In 2012, MAPJet was rebranded and received its current name Common Sky.

Fleet

As of December 2017, the Common Sky fleet consists of the following aircraft:

 1 Bombardier Challenger 604
 1 Bombardier Challenger 850
 1 Cessna Citation Sovereign

References

External links

Official website

Airlines of Austria
Airlines established in 2002
Austrian companies established in 2002
Companies based in Linz
Economy of Upper Austria


Da'Love Woods (born September 7, 1982) is an American professional basketball player, in Europe. At 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) in height, she plays at the point guard position.

College career
Born in Portland, Oregon, Woods played college basketball at the University of Portland and Colorado State University.  In 2001, as a freshman at the University of Portland, she broke the then West Coast Conference Tournament scoring record with 31 points.  As a sophomore, Woods went on to become a 1st-Team all West Coast Conference player in 2002.

Professional playing career
Woods began her European playing career in Switzerland for LNA club Esperance Sportive Pully in 2007.  There she averaged 34.8 points per game.  In 2004 and 2005 Woods was invited to the training camp of the Colorado Chill of the National Women's Basketball League.

Woods most recently played in Germany's DBBL for BBV Leipzig during the 2007-2008 season. She earned several EuroBasket awards while playing for BBV Leipzig, which included DBBL Guard of the Year.  Woods was also awarded 1st Team-DBBL and was a member of the DBBL All-Imports Team.  Woods finished the DBBL season as the league leader in points and assist, averaging 20.2 points per game and 6 assist per game.

Professional career
Woods is the owner of Deep Three Basketball which holds summer league basketball tournaments in her hometown of Portland, Oregon. Woods also acts as the league director of the Portland Women's Summer League (PWSL), a venture of the Deep Three Basketball company.

Notes

External links
 Player Profile - Agent's Page
 Eurobasket Player Page
 First Eagles Substitute
 Cukierki Odra Brzeg Player Page

1982 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
American women's basketball coaches
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Portland, Oregon
Colorado State Rams women's basketball players
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Point guards
Portland Pilots women's basketball players
St. Mary's Academy (Portland, Oregon) alumni


Back in Business may refer to:
Back in Business (1997 film), an action film starring Brian Bosworth
Back in Business (EPMD album), 1997
Back in Business (Eartha Kitt album), 1994
"Back in Business", a song by AC/DC from their 1985 album Fly on the Wall
Back in Business (Desperate Housewives), an episode of the TV series Desperate Housewives


Terminalia paniculata is a large-sized commercial timber tree endemic to Peninsular India, commonly distributed in Karnataka and Kerala.

Terminalias are especially known for cyclic triterpenes, flavanoids and tannins and T. paniculata is the best source of tannins. The tree is commonly known as Kindal in terms of timber and Flowering Murdah in terms of ornamental purposes, locally known as Kindal (Hindi), Hanalu (Kannada), Kindal (Konkani), Vellamaruth (Malayalam), Pillai Maruth (Tamil), Pulimaddi (Telugu), Asvakarna (Sanskrit), Kinjal (Marathi), etc. Golden coloured flowers and deep red coloured fruits of T. paniculata give splendid colouration to the entire forest area due to the formation of a large number of flowers and fruits in a single individual and population dominance. Species were recently neotypified by the Botanical Survey of India.

References

paniculata


Stechkin () is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Boris Stechkin (1891–1969), Russian scientist, inventor, and engineer
 Igor Stechkin, Russian small arms designer
 Sergey Stechkin, Soviet mathematician

See also
 The Stechkin APS pistol

Russian-language surnames


Kiss the Bride may refer to:

"Kiss the Bride" (song), a 1983 single by Elton John from the album Too Low for Zero
Kiss the Bride (2002), novel by Patricia Cabot
Kiss the Bride (2002 film), directed by Vanessa Parise
Kiss the Bride (2007 film), directed by C. Jay Cox, starring Tori Spelling and others


Eriogonum giganteum, with the common name St. Catherine's lace, is a species of wild buckwheat in Southern California.

Distribution
This shrub is endemic to the Channel Islands of California. It is found in the Coastal sage scrub plant association habitat of the Coastal sage and chaparral sub-ecoregion.

One variety of this geographically limited species, Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum or the Santa Barbara Island buckwheat, is endemic to and particularly rare on Santa Barbara Island.

Description
Eriogonum giganteum is variable in size, from  in height and width, to a sprawling or rounded bush over  high and wide.

The leathery, woolly, oval-shaped leaves are gray, and clustered sparsely along the mostly naked branches. It is evergreen.

The plant flowers with each inflorescence rising boldly above the foliage on strong stalks. The broad domed blooms are covered densely in carpets of clustered tiny white flowers, that fade to rust red. Each hairy flower is only a few millimeters across.

Varieties
Named varieties of the species currently include:
Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum — Santa Barbara Island buckwheat, endemic to/rare on Santa Barbara Island.
Eriogonum giganteum var. formosum — San Clemente Island buckwheat, native to San Clemente Island.
Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum — Santa Catalina Island buckwheat, native to Santa Catalina Island.

Cultivation
Eriogonum giganteum is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for use in native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping design projects. With its coarser texture and semi-open form, it can be a good background plant in gardens.

It is a honey plant that supports a numerous diversity and count of pollinators when blooming. It especially supports pollinator insect species native to California, as most of the state's native buckwheats do. It is a very important butterfly nectar source plant.

The flowers, leaves, and seeds are all used by many smaller animals.

References

External links

Calflora Database: Eriogonum giganteum (St. Catherine's lace)
Jepson Manual Treatment — Eriogonum giganteum
Eriogonum giganteum — Photo gallery

giganteum
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
Garden plants of North America
Butterfly food plants
Drought-tolerant plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


The Pacheco Pass AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the Santa Clara and San Benito counties of California, near Pacheco Pass. It is part of the larger San Francisco Bay AVA.  The pass is a  long corridor between the San Francisco Bay area to the west and the San Joaquin Valley to the east.  State Route 152 passes through the center of the wine region.  Pacheco Pass was granted AVA status in 1984 following a petition by the Zanger family, who continue to operate the only commercial winery in the appellation, Zanger Vineyards.

References

External links
 TTB AVA Maps

American Viticultural Areas of California
American Viticultural Areas of the San Francisco Bay Area
Diablo Range
Geography of Santa Clara County, California
Geography of San Benito County, California
1984 establishments in California
American Viticultural Areas


William Stansby (1572–1638) was a London printer and publisher of the Jacobean and Caroline eras, working under his own name from 1610. One of the most prolific printers of his time, Stansby is best remembered for publishing the landmark first folio collection of the works of Ben Jonson in 1616.

Life
As for many individuals of his time, Stansby's date of birth is unrecorded – though the event likely occurred shortly before his baptism on 8 July 1572. He was one of fourteen children of Richard Stansby, a cutler from Exeter. At Christmas 1589/90 William Stansby was apprenticed to the London stationer John Windet; Stansby completed his apprenticeship and became a freeman of the Stationers Company, the guild of London printers and booksellers, on 7 January 1597. Stansby remained with Windet, first as a journeyman and then in 1609 as partner in his house at the sign of the Cross Keys, until Windet's death in 1610. Windet left a half-share of his business (well equipped with three printing presses) to Stansby, setting him up as an independent craftsman. (The other half of the business passed to Windet's two daughters, from whom Stansby purchased it.)

At the time, the Stationers Company included booksellers and printers as largely separate classes: publishing was generally done by the booksellers, who hired the printers to produce their books, broadsheets and other printed matter. Some printers did some publishing as a secondary aspect of their primary business. Stansby followed the general pattern: the majority of his books were printed for booksellers to sell in their shops, while the remainder were works that Stansby published independently.

Printer
As a printer Stansby worked for many of the booksellers of his era; he also worked repeatedly for several stationers over the years. For John Smethwick, Stansby printed several editions of the collected Poems of Michael Drayton (1609–30), plus several of the later editions of prose works by Robert Greene, like Menaphon (1616, 1631) and Never Too Late (1621). Stansby printed collections of the sermons of Barten Holyday for Nathaniel Butter. (He also printed Holyday's only play, Technogamia, for John Parker.)

For Edward Blount, Stansby printed an English translation of John Owen's Latin epigrams (1619), and Six Court Comedies (1632), the first collected edition of the plays of John Lyly. And for Blount and William Barret, Stansby printed Thomas Shelton's first English translation of Miguel de Cervantes' 1605 (thus, part 1) novel Don Quixote (2 volumes, 1612).

Musical titles printed by Stansby are listed in an article by Cecil Hill and include The Teares or / LamentacioNs of / a sorrowfvll / Sovle (1614) and MADRIGALES / and / AYRES (1632).

Stansby printed works by Samuel Purchas for Henry Featherstone, and works by Joseph Hall for Featherstone and for Butter. He printed Sir Walter Raleigh's A History of the World (1614) for Walter Burre. And Stansby printed a wide range of works significant in their day but now largely forgotten. Sir Dudley Digges's The Defence of Trade (1615), printed for John Barnes, and William Slater's Palae-Albion (1621), printed for Richard Meighen, are two of many examples.

Also for Meighen, Stansby printed the first edition of John Clavell's A Recantation of an Ill Led Life (1628).

In some cases, printers are identified on title pages only by initials; yet bibliographers can employ title-page colophons and other clues to make identifications. On this basis, Stansby is the "W. S." who printed the second quarto of Shakespeare's Love's Labor's Lost (1631) and the undated fourth quarto of Hamlet (c. 1630), both for Smethwick. In 1617 Stansby printed the tenth edition of Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis for William Barret.

Publisher
As a publisher, Stansby's most significant work was certainly the 1616 Jonson folio, which represented the first instance of a collected edition of the stage plays of a contemporary dramatist. He also published Thomas Coryat's famous travelogue Coryat's Crudities (1611), and Thomas Lodge's translation of the works of Seneca (1614, 1620). George Sandys's translation of the Metamorphoses of Ovid came from Stansby's presses in 1626.

Stansby continued to publish some works and authors originally issued by his master Windet. Perhaps the important example was Richard Hooker's Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity; Windet had published editions in 1597 and 1604, and Stansby continued with editions in 1611, 1617, 1622, and 1631–32.

Like most printers who published, Stansby had to arrange for retail sale of his works. The title page of his 1620 edition of Jonson's Epicene specifies that the work is sold by the bookseller John Browne.

Stansby's editions of two works by John Selden, Titles of Honour (1614, 1631) and Mare Clausum (1635), were notable for being among the earliest English books that printed Arabic and Turkish words. The former book, in both editions, used carved woodblocks for its non-English terms; the latter was the first English book that used movable type to print Arabic.

One of Stansby's later projects was the 1634 edition of Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, which would be the last edition of that work prior to the revival of interest in Malory and his book in the nineteenth century. Stansby eventually sold his business to stationer Richard Bishop for £700.

Sirenaics
William Stansby has been associated with the "Sirenaics" or "Sirenaical Gentlemen," (also spelled 'Sireniacal') a mysterious group that drew their name from their meeting place the Mermaid Tavern in Bread Street the first Friday of every month. The group included figures with whom Stansby had known links, like Thomas Coryat, Samuel Purchas, and John Donne, as well as a range of influential figures in politics and law. (Stansby printed Donne's first book, Pseudo-Martyr, for Walter Burre in 1610.)

Controversy
The records of the Stationers Company show that Stansby was repeatedly fined, throughout his career, for small infractions of the guild's rules – for printing copy to which he did not own the rights; for violating rules governing apprentices; even for speaking harsh words to colleagues. This sort of record was not atypical of stationers of the time; printing was a rough-and-tumble trade.

In one instance, Stansby got himself into much more serious trouble. Probably in 1620, Stansby printed a topical pamphlet for Nathaniel Butter: titled A Plain Demonstration of the Unlawful Succession of Ferdinand II, Because of the Incestuous Marriage of His Parents, the work criticized the 1619 accession of the new Holy Roman Emperor. This was one of a series of pamphlets Stansby printed on the controversy that sparked the opening of the Thirty Years' War. The title page of the pamphlet on Ferdinand II bore the false claim that it was printed "at the Hague" – but the Stuart authorities were not fooled; first Butter, and then Stansby, were arrested for violating the regime's strict censorship policy, and Stansby's presses were damaged. Petitions for mercy from both Butter and Stansby survive in the extant records; in his, Stansby places all the blame for the affair on Butter. Both men spent some months in prison over the matter, but were eventually released.

While a prison sentence is a more substantive matter than mere fines for breaking guild rules, Butter and Stansby were far from the only stationers who were incarcerated for their professional activities. Other prominent stationers of the era, like John and Edward Allde, Nicholas Okes, and Thomas Archer, shared similar fates.

Reputation
Despite these legal problems, Stansby earned in his own time, and retains among modern bibliographers, a generally high respect for the quality of his printed texts. He has been characterized as "very reputable," and one of the "busiest and most prestigious printers in London" in his generation. Ben Jonson chose Stansby for the task of printing his 1616 folio precisely for the quality of Stansby's workmanship and his willingness to meet Jonson's standards and demands.

References

External links
 Stansby's life and work.

Publishers (people) from London
1572 births
1638 deaths
16th-century English businesspeople
17th-century English businesspeople
Businesspeople from London


Noureddine "Nordin" Amrabat (, ; born 31 March 1987) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Greek Super League club AEK Athens.
Amrabat played for Dutch national youth teams and once was called up for the senior national side. On 1 October 2009, Amrabat announced his decision to play for Morocco, which he represented at two Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and the 2012 Olympics.

Early life
Born in Naarden, North Holland, Amrabat was released from Ajax at age 13, having suffered stunted growth due to Osgood Schlatter disease. His father recommended Amrabat play at the amateur level while studying for a different profession. He washed dishes, made desserts and vacuum cleaned his school while playing for SV Huizen in Huizen. At age 17, he planned to study Management, Economics and Law.

Club career

Early career
After making his study plans, Amrabat was signed by Almere's Omniworld of the Eerste Divisie, contributing 14 goals and as many assists in 36 matches. In 2007, he joined newly promoted Eredivisie club VVV-Venlo, scoring 10 times in 33 matches. One year later, national champions PSV signed him for €2 million, and he represented them in the UEFA Champions League. Amrabat spent three years at the Philips Stadion before moving abroad for the first time, to Turkey's Kayserispor.

Galatasaray
On 12 July 2012, Amrabat signed for fellow Turkish club Galatasaray for a fee of €8.6 million on a five-year contract (€600,000 went to PSV; Kayserispor retained 10%, valued at €800,000). Amrabat made his debut on 12 August 2012 in the 2012 Turkish Super Cup against rivals Fenerbahçe, coming on as a substitute in the 70th minute as the match ended 3–2, with Galatasaray winning the title for the 12th time. On 15 September 2012, Galatasaray manager Fatih Terim picked Amrabat for the starting XI for a match against Antalyaspor, and he duly scored his first goal for Galatasaray in the 2012–13 Süper Lig and provided an assist in a 4–0 triumph.

Málaga
In January 2014, Amrabat joined Málaga on a six-month loan deal. On 10 March, he scored his first goal for the club, in a 2–0 away win against Osasuna, and on 6 April, he converted a penalty in a 4–1 derby victory over Granada. Fifteen days later, having earlier assisted Sergi Darder's goal, he received a straight red card in a 2–0 home win against Villarreal for gesturing that referee Álvarez Izquierdo needed glasses.

In August 2014, Amrabat agreed to extend his stay in Andalusia for the full season. On 30 April of the following year, he was purchased outright for a €3.5 million fee. His permanent spell on the Costa del Sol was less prolific than the temporary one, playing 12 matches without scoring.

Watford
On 18 January 2016, Amrabat joined Premier League club Watford for a £6.1 million transfer fee. He made his debut five days later, replacing Troy Deeney at the end of a 2–1 win over Newcastle United at Vicarage Road.

On 1 September 2017, Amrabat returned to Spain after agreeing to a one-year loan deal with CD Leganés.

Al Nassr
On 16 July 2018, Amrabat signed a three-year contract with the Saudi Pro League side Al-Nassr. In the 2018–19 season he won league title with his team. He scored 5 goals and he had the highest assist number in the season along with his teammate Abderrazak Hamdallah.

AEK Athens
On 16 August 2021, Amrabat signed a two-year contract with the Super League Greece side AEK Athens.

On 12 September 2021, he scored a penalty to put his team 2 goals up against Ionikos, in the opening game of the League for his team which ended 3–0 for the hosts.

International career
Amrabat was expected to take part in the 2008 Olympic football tournament with the Netherlands but he and fellow PSV (and future Moroccan) teammate Ismaïl Aissati both failed to make the final squad.

In November 2011, Amrabat decided to play for Morocco. On 11 November 2011, he made his debut with the Atlas Lions of Morocco against Uganda in a 0–1 loss in the LG Cup. Two days later, he scored his first international goal in a friendly match against Cameroon as the match ended 1–1.

Amrabat was selected to compete at the 2012 Olympics for the Moroccan team, starting all three of their matches in another group stage exit. He also started their first two matches as they fell at the same point in the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.

In May 2018, he was named in Morocco's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Amrabat started all 3 of Morocco's matches as they were eliminated at the group stage. The Moroccan coaching team were heavily criticised by FIFA and others after allowing Amrabat to play in Morocco's second group game against Portugal, despite having received a concussion and coming off early in their first game against Iran.

Personal life
Amrabat's younger brother Sofyan Amrabat is a fellow professional footballer and Morocco international.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Morocco's goal tally first.

Honours
PSV Eindhoven
Johan Cruijff Shield: 2008

Galatasaray
Süper Lig: 2012–13
 Turkish Cup: 2013–14
 Turkish Super Cup: 2012,  2013

Al Nassr
Saudi Professional League: 2018–19
Saudi Super Cup: 2019, 2020

AEK Athens
Super League Greece: 2022–23
Greek Cup: 2022–23
Individual
Saudi Professional League Top assists provider:  2018–19

References

External links

Holland stats at OnsOranje

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Naarden
Citizens of Morocco through descent
Dutch men's footballers
Riffian people
Dutch sportspeople of Moroccan descent
Moroccan men's footballers
Moroccan expatriate men's footballers
Morocco men's international footballers
Men's association football wingers
Almere City FC players
VVV-Venlo players
PSV Eindhoven players
Kayserispor footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Málaga CF players
Watford F.C. players
CD Leganés players
Al Nassr FC players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Eerste Divisie players
Eredivisie players
Süper Lig players
La Liga players
Premier League players
Saudi Pro League players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Olympic footballers for Morocco
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Netherlands men's under-21 international footballers
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
SV Huizen players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in England
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Footballers from North Holland
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Dutch expatriate men's footballers


Brannock High School is a non-denominational, co-educational comprehensive secondary school in Newarthill, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is situated on Loanhead Road.

Feeder schools
The school catchment area takes in Carfin, Holytown, New Stevenston and Newarthill, in which the associated primary schools are Holytown Primary School, Keir Hardie Memorial Primary School, New Stevenston Primary School and Newarthill Primary School. A number of pupils from the Bellshill area also attend.

Language and Communication Support Centre
There is a Language and Communication Support Centre based within the school for young people with ASD.

References

External links
School website
School Facebook Page

Secondary schools in North Lanarkshire
1982 establishments in Scotland
Educational institutions established in 1982


Dwellin' in tha Labb is the third solo full-length album by American rapper and producer JT the Bigga Figga from San Francisco. It was released on October 10, 1995 through Get Low Recordz and Straight Out Tha Labb Entertainment with distribution by Priority Records. The album features guest appearances from 11/5, Andre "Herm" Lewis, Black C, Celly Cel, Cougnut, E-40, Get Low Playaz, Mac Mall, Master P, Pizzo, San Quinn, Seff tha Gaffla, The Delinquents, The Link Crew and Trev-G.

The album peaked at number 168 on the Billboard 200, at number 24 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 9 on the Heatseekers Albums in the United States, making it JT's most successful project to date. Its lead single, a self-titled track "Dwellin' in the Lab", made it to number 39 on the Hot Rap Songs chart.

It was re-released in 2000 via Get Low Recordz and in 2006 via SMC Recordings.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

1994 albums
JT the Bigga Figga albums


Okeene Junior-Senior High school is a public school serving students in grades 7 through 12 in Okeene, Oklahoma. It has currently enrolled under 200 students(counting grade school as well)

History
The first school in Okeene was established in 1901. A high school program was added in the 1920s, making Okeene the first town in Blaine County with a high school.

Extracurricular activities
Student groups and organizations at Okeene include band, FCCLA, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, FFA, National Honor Society, science club, speech, Academic Bowl, student council and Technology Student Association.

Athletics
The Okeene Whippets compete in Class A of Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association sports, currently fielding teams in baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, football, softball, and track.

State championship titles held by the Whippets include:
Boys' basketball: 2006
Football: 1981 (Class B), 2006, 2007
Girls' track: 2003, 2004, 2005
Boys' track: 2010, 2017

Notable alumni
Jake Lindsay (class of 1937), businessman; namesake of an endowed scholarship and two chairs at Northwestern Oklahoma State University
Donald Dumler (class of 1957), principal organist at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York

References

External links
http://www.okeene.k12.ok.us/

Public high schools in Oklahoma
Public middle schools in Oklahoma
Schools in Blaine County, Oklahoma


Société Générale S.A. (), colloquially known in English speaking countries as SocGen (), is a French-based multinational financial services company founded in 1864, registered in downtown Paris and headquartered nearby in La Défense.

Société Générale is France's third largest bank by total assets after BNP Paribas and Crédit Agricole. It is also the sixth largest bank in Europe and the world's eighteenth. It is considered to be a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board.

From 1966 to 2003 it was known as one of the Trois Vieilles ("Old Three") major French commercial banks, along with Banque Nationale de Paris (from 2000 BNP Paribas) and Crédit Lyonnais.

History

19th century

The bank was founded by a group of industrialists and financiers during the Second Empire on 4 May 1864. Its full name was Société Générale pour favoriser le développement du commerce et de l'industrie en France ("General Company to Support the Development of Commerce and Industry in France"). The bank's first chairman was the prominent industrialist Eugène Schneider, followed by Edward Charles Blount. By 1870, the bank had 47 branches throughout France, including 15 in Paris. It set up a permanent office in London in 1871.

At the beginning, the bank used its own resources almost entirely for both financial and banking operations. In 1871, Société Générale moved into the public French issues market with a national debenture loan launched to cover the war indemnity stipulated in the Treaty of Frankfurt.

The bank was financially involved with some of the businesses created by Paulin Talabot, the railway and canal engineer. Talabot came to have an influential role in the bank.

In 1886, Société Générale was part of the bank consortium (along with the Franco-Egyptian Bank and the Crédit Industriel et Commercial) that financed the construction of the Eiffel Tower.

From 1871 to 1893, France went through a period of economic gloom marked by the failure of several banking establishments. The company continued to grow at a more moderate pace. In 1889, there were 148 banking outlets, demonstrating the group's capacity to withstand unfavourable economic conditions.

Starting in 1894, the bank set up the structures characterising a large, modern credit institution. As well as collecting company and private deposits, its branches started to provide short-term operating credits for industrialists and traders. It also moved into placing shares with the general public, issuing private debenture loans in France and also in Russia. Acquisition of equity stakes became a more secondary activity. The company's excellent financial health allowed it to expand its shareholding structure. In 1895, Société Générale had 14,000 shareholders.

In 1898, Société Générale entered the Belgian market. Because the Société Générale de Belgique predated its French namesake and had a dominant position in the national market, Société Générale agreed to create a bank with a different name, the  headquartered in Paris but entirely dedicated to operations in Belgium. The bank had its Brussels office from 1898 in the prestigious  on Rue Royale, and also maintained a branch in Antwerp, at No.72-76 of Meir.

20th century

By 1913, Société Générale had 122,000 shareholders. The war years were difficult and had serious consequences with the loss of Russian business. However, during the 1920s Société Générale became France's leading bank: its network had grown sharply since the 1890s, with a huge number of branches and seasonal offices allowing in-depth penetration of the provincial market (260 seasonal offices in 1910 and 864 in 1930).

The number of sales outlets rose from 1,005 in 1913 to 1,457 in 1933 (including those operated by ).
Thanks also to the dynamism of supervisory and management staff at head office and in the branch offices it moved ahead of Crédit Lyonnais (in terms of deposits collected and loans distributed) between 1921 and 1928. To satisfy the requirements of investing companies, Société Générale created a subsidiary, Calif, specialised in medium-term credit in 1928.

On an international level, the bank held an active participation in the Russo-Asian Bank, one of the leading bank of the Russian empire. Société Générale first settled in Russia through the Severnyi bank in 1901, before merging with the Russo-Asian bank in 1910, which held a majority stake in the Chinese Eastern Railway. It also invested in Russian industry including such companies as the Rutchenko Coal Company and the Makeevka Steel Company. Thanks to the connections of Talabot they were also involved in the Krivoi-Rog Iron Company

The 1930s were another difficult period. Given the decline in international and French business, the bank was forced to nationalise its network by closing down local branches. On the eve of World War II, the number of sales outlets was not much greater than in 1922. However, Société Générale was active in placing numerous public loans launched during this period by the State or the colonies. The war and the German Occupation interrupted its advance, but the bank moved into Africa and the United States.

Société Générale was nationalised in 1945. It now had a single shareholder: the State. The period from 1945 to 1958 was characterised in France by rapid economic recovery but also a greater disequilibrium in the balance of payments, calling for continued exchange controls and virtually permanent credit control measures. It was not until 1959 that the economy really recovered, but credit controls were reinforced due to persistent inflationary pressures. Sharp growth in production and foreign trade opened up new areas of business for the banks.

The industry underwent some quite radical changes, one of the most striking of which was much greater specialisation of credit. The range of banking services on offer expanded uninterruptedly.
Thanks to its presence in New York City, Société Générale was able to take advantage of the flow of business generated by the Marshall Plan.

Société Générale continued to expand in France and beyond. It moved into Italy and Mexico and altered the status of its establishments in Africa after decolonisation, in accordance with the laws passed by these newly independent countries.

From the mid-1960s, Société Générale gave new impetus to its French network, with an acceleration in growth after 1966 following elimination of prior authorisation for opening branch offices. International expansion was just as vigorous. It was no longer limited, as before, to the main financial centres (London, New York), neighbouring countries (Belgium, Spain) and the former colonies, with the primary aim of facilitating the business of French firms, but was also aimed at guaranteeing the bank's presence where new markets were developing, either to export the technical expertise it had acquired in certain fields, or to keep up its contact with the multi-nationals.

1966 and 1967 represented a fundamental turning point in banking regulations, the main development being attenuation of the distinction between deposit and investment banking, and creation of the home mortgage market. Société Générale took advantage of this and acquired leading positions in some new financing techniques designed primarily for companies, such as finance leasing, setting up specialised credit subsidiaries for this purpose.

The 1970s were characterised by two major developments: expansion of the international network and across-the-board introduction of IT facilities to cope with extension of the customer base and the development of deposit money. In 1971, the appearance of automatic cash machines crowned the success and development of the credit card. In 1973, Société Générale opened its representative office in the Soviet Union.

In 1975, Société Générale introduced Agrifan, a food-products trading company to connect French suppliers with foreign food buyers. The following year during the Bastille Day holiday, a meticulously planned robbery was carried out against Société Générale's most heavily fortified vault in France by ex-paratrooper and wedding photographer Albert Spaggiari. The robbery which involved secretly tunneling underground and compromising the walls of the bank vault netted Spaggiari over 12 million in cash, jewellery, and bullion.

From the beginning of the 1980s, against a backdrop of deregulation and technological change, internationalisation of the markets and the emergence of new financial instruments, Société Générale set itself two commercial objectives. It focused increasingly on private customers via its network of branches and by acquiring specialised subsidiaries. It pursued and expanded its activities in the capital markets in France, and then, on a selective basis, in the different international financial centres.
On 29 July 1987 Société Générale was privatised. It had been chosen from among the three leading French commercial banks nationalised in 1945 for its excellent risk-coverage, equity and productivity ratios. George Soros was a share-holder in 1988.

In 1986, Société Générale created Fimat International Banque S.A., a global brokerage, offering a range of clearing and execution services on listed or OTC derivatives and cash products. In 2005, Fimat completed the acquisition of Cube Financial. In January 2008, it merged with Calyon Financial to form Newedge; in 2014, SG purchased Credit Agricole's stake.

In subsequent years, the Société Générale Group has focused on developing its activities around three core businesses through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions.

In the early 1990s, the Senegalese subsidiary of Société Générale teamed up with the Swiss processed-foods manufacturer Nestlé to illegally dispossess the real estate assets of the Industrial Company of Dairy Products (SIPL), thus leading the dairy company to bankruptcy.

Retail Banking was strengthened in 1997 through the acquisition of Crédit du Nord, highlighting the Group's determination to capitalise on the restructuring of the French banking system. At the same time, Société Générale looked to secure the long-term loyalty of its customers (launch of "one account number for life" and introduction of Jazz, a package of service offers). In 1999 it entered into a merger agreement with rival bank Paribas, but this was scuppered by a competitor, the Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP).

In 1998 Société Générale paid $540 million in cash to acquire Cowen & Company, a New York investment bank that specialized in the health care, technology and communications industries. Cowen was taken over by the Societe Generale Securities Corporation, the French bank's New York investment bank, and renamed the SG Cowen Securities Corporation. Joseph M. Cohen, Cowen's chief executive became its chairman, and Curtis R. Welling, an investment banker from Societe Generale's New York office became president and chief executive.

In 1998, Société Générale set up Retail Banking outside France as a separate division, underscoring the Group's resolve to make this business one of its strategic development axes. This activity was also strengthened in 1999 through the acquisitions made in Romania (BRD – Groupe Société Générale), Bulgaria (Société Générale Expresbank) and Madagascar.

21st century

In the early years of the 21st century, Société Générale's external growth strategy has been manifested through acquisitions in Central Europe (Komerční Banka in the Czech Republic and  in Slovenia) in 2001. Investment banking at Societe Generale in Russia was run by Jacques Der Megreditchian until 2000 At that time, Société Générale became officially concerned with money laundering scandal and underground economy.

In 2001, Société Générale acquired a controlling interest in the TCW Group. The TCW Group, which was founded in 1971, was originally known as Trust Company of the West and is the parent of TCW/Crescent Mezzanine one of the leading mezzanine capital firms in the US. The TCW Group operated as a subsidiary of Société Générale Asset Management until it was sold to Carlyle Group.

Africa is also a major area of interest for the bank, with the 2002 purchase of Eqdom in Morocco (the market leader in consumer lending) and  in Tunisia. In addition, 51 percent of SSB Bank in Ghana in 2003 and 50 percent of Geniki Bank in Greece in 2004 were acquired . In terms of specialized financial services, a department created in mid-2001, the purchase of two Deutsche Bank subsidiaries, ALD Automotive for multi-brand auto leasing and financing and GEFA for corporate sales financing enabled Société Générale to increase its European presence in these sectors. In 2002, it continued to pursue its external growth strategy by purchasing Hertz Lease, a European subsidiary specializing in long-term leasing and fleet management for Ford Motor Company vehicles.

With a track record as leader in France for financial savings products (mutual funds, investment funds, company savings plans), the Group has developed its Asset Management and Private Banking activities: in 1999, its subsidiary, Société Générale Asset Management, pursued the strategy of developing both its mutual fund management business in France and its activities aimed at major institutional investors at an international level. With the launch of Société Générale AM UK in London and the acquisition of Yamaichi in Japan, Société Générale Asset Management has taken a decisive step in establishing its international presence and is now able to offer its customers truly global fund management capabilities. Société Générale also has a worldwide presence in private banking activities. After pursuing a deliberate policy of acquisitions in 1998, Société Générale Private Banking consolidated and developed its franchise in 1999 against a backdrop of tougher competition.

During the 1st quarter 2004, the third branch of activity of the Société Générale Group, GIMS Global Investment Management and Services was created. In February 2004, Société Générale set up a new division named SG GSSI, Global Securities Services for Investors, which provides investor services on securities and derivatives, attached to the GIMS which regroups SG Asset Management, SG Private Banking and SG Global Securities Services for Investors. GIMS employed 7,600 people.

In 2005, the Société Générale acquired DeltaCredit, the largest mortgage bank in Russia, from The U.S. Russia Investment Fund for $100 million.

The Société Générale developed its Corporate and Investment Banking businesses under the SG CIB brand name, introduced in 1998, which as of 2014 is subsumed by SG SS. Bolstered by a sound client base and a recognised capacity for innovation borne out by the league tables , Société Générale was looking to develop its M&A, advisory and IPO activities through the acquisition of specialised firms (SG Hambros in the United Kingdom, Barr Devlin in the United States).

Following two years of crisis resulting from the revelation of the Kerviel fraud and then from the eruption of the global financial crisis, the bank appeared to have put things behind it in 2010.

In business terms, Société Générale appeared intent on moving on and implementing an in-depth transformation in 2010. On June 15, the Bank presented its Ambition SG 2015 programme to investors, the aim of this programme being to "deliver growth with lower risk" by 2015, using the lessons learned from the crisis.

In 2010, the company saw an upturn in its financial results. Over the first half, the Group recorded net income of €2.15 billion.
These good figures were presented shortly after the publication of the results of the stress tests of 91 European banks, results that confirmed the financial solidity of the main four French banks, including Societe Generale.

During the summer of 2011, the financial markets, fearing the collapse of the eurozone associated with the European sovereign debt crisis, were severely shaken. European and French bank shares recorded substantial falls. It was within this context that Britain's Mail on Sunday published, on Sunday August 7, an article in which it announced Société Générale's imminent bankruptcy. The newspaper quickly published a retraction and its apologies but, despite that, the rumour gathered pace, notably on social networks, resulting in a spectacular fall in Société Générale's share price and in bearish speculation. Société Générale successfully filed a suit in the UK against Associated Newspapers (the Mail on Sunday'''s parent company) for "substantial damage to its reputation and prejudice to its trade".

Bearish pressure, influenced by speculation but also by investor suspicion, continued to affect Société Générale's share price through to the end of 2011. Over the year, the share lost 57.22 percent of its value, the third-worst CAC 40 performance of 2011 (after Veolia and Peugeot).

In August 2020, it was reported that Société Générale experienced a €1.26 billion loss during the second fiscal quarter of 2020. It was the bank's weakest quarterly performance since 2008's Kerviel Fraud. As a result of this, Séverin Cabannes, the bank's global banking and investor solutions business head, is set to retire in 2021 and leave his place by the end of this year. Additionally, Philippe Heim, who serves as the head of international retail banking, financial services, and insurance, will also vacate his position as deputy chief executive immediately.
In December 2013, the European Commission fined the bank close to 446 million Euro for its role in the LIBOR scandal regarding interest rate derivatives.

In December 2021, Amundi finalized its acquisition of Lyxor Asset Management from Société Générale. Lyxor was an investment company based in France, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Société Générale. It offered exchanged-traded index funds and other ETFs, exchanged-traded notes (ETN), and several other products to private and corporate investors.

In April 2022, Société Générale became the first major financial group to leave Russian market because of International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

In May 2022, Société Générale announced the closing of the sale of Rosbank and the Group's Russian insurance subsidiaries to Interros Capital. This transaction results for Société Générale in a net loss of around 3.2 billion euros and has an impact of about -7 basis points on its capital ratio.

Operations

Société Générale is a universal bank. The Group consists of three main pillars backed by two business lines. Société Générale is often nicknamed SocGen (pronounced "sock jenn") in the international financial world.

Commercial activity
Société Générale's three pillars, at the heart of the development of its relationship banking model, are:
 Retail Banking in France (Société Générale, Crédit du Nord and Boursorama)
 International Banking and Financial Services (IBFS)
 Corporate and Investment Banking (SG CIB), with investment banking and fixed income, structured financing, debt and forex activities on the one side, and equity and consulting activities on the other.

The development of these three pillars is backed by two other core activities, namely:
 Specialised Financial Services & Insurance
 Private Banking, Global Investment Management & Services

Corporate affairs
Société Générale's head office is in the Tours Société Générale in the business district of La Défense in the city of Nanterre, west of Paris. The company moved there in June 1995 from the former head office along Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. The head office has 7,000 employees. The former head office remains as the company's registered office.

In 2015, Standard Ethics Aei has given a rating to Société Générale in order to include it in its Standard Ethics French Index.

Sponsorship
The Group has a long-term active and generally very discreet support policy. Its sponsorship of rugby is well-known, but its support in other fields such as music, contemporary art, disabled sport (as an official partner of the Fédération Française Handisport, the French Federation for Disabled Sports) and corporate citizenship, professional integration and disadvantaged children, is less known.

Leadership
 Eugène Schneider, chairman 1864-1869
 , chairman 1869-1886
 Edward-Charles Blount, chairman 1886-1901
 , chairman 1902-1915
 , chairman 1922-1932
 Joseph Simon, chairman 1932-1940
 , CEO 1934-1944 and chairman 1941-1944
 Pierre de Moüy, chairman 1944-1958
 Maurice Lorain, CEO 1944-1958 and chairman 1958-1967
 , CEO 1958-1967 and chairman 1967-1972
 Maurice Lauré, CEO 1967-1982 and chairman 1973-1982
 , chairman & CEO 1982-1986
 Marc Viénot, chairman & CEO 1986-1997
 , chairman 1997-2009 and CEO 1997-2008
 Frédéric Oudéa, and chairman 2009-2015 and CEO 2008-2023
 Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, chairman since 2015
 Slawomir Krupa, CEO 2023-

Controversies

Senegal

In the early 1990s, the Senegalese subsidiary of Société Générale teamed up with the Swiss processed-foods manufacturer Nestlé to illegally dispossess the real estate assets of the Industrial Company of Dairy Products (SIPL), thus leading the dairy company to bankruptcy.

January 2008 trading loss and Kerviel trial

On 24 January 2008 the bank announced that a single futures trader at the bank had fraudulently lost the bank €4.9 billion (an equivalent of US$7.2 billion), the largest such loss in history. The company did not name the trader, but other sources identified him as Jérôme Kerviel, a relatively junior futures trader who allegedly orchestrated a series of bogus transactions that spiraled out of control amid turbulent markets in 2007 and early 2008.

Partly due to the loss, that same day two credit rating agencies reduced the bank's long term debt ratings: from AA to AA- by Fitch; and from Aa1/B to Aa2/B- by Moody's (B and B- indicate the bank's financial strength ratings).

Executives said the trader acted alone and that he may not have benefited directly from the fraudulent deals. The bank announced it will be immediately seeking €5.5 billion in financing. On the eve and afternoon of 25 January 2008, Police raided the Paris headquarters of Société Générale and Kerviel's apartment in the western suburb of Neuilly, to seize his computer files. French presidential aide Raymond Soubie stated that Kerviel dealt with $73.3 billion (more than the bank's market capitalization of $52.6 billion). Three union officials of Société Générale employees said Kerviel had family problems. On 26 January 2008 the Paris prosecutors' office stated that Jerome Kerviel, 31, in Paris, "is not on the run. He will be questioned at the appropriate time, as soon as the police have analysed documents provided by Société Générale." Spiegel Online'' stated that Kerviel may have lost 2.8 billion dollars on 140,000 contracts earlier negotiated due to DAX falling 600 points.

Société Générale SA says it had a net loss in the fourth quarter of 2007 after the French bank took a €4.9 billion ($7.18 billion) hit closing the unauthorized trading positions of Jérôme Kerviel.

The trial of Jérôme Kerviel began on 8 June 2010 at the Paris Palais de Justice, and lasted until June 25. Société Générale filed the civil suit. The former Société Générale trader was represented by Olivier Metzner, and the Bank was represented by Jean Veil, Jean Reinhart and François Martineau.
The trial aroused much media interest, with a record number of requests for accreditation from journalists.
Following more than two weeks of highly technical debate with much focus on Jérôme Kerviel's character, the State Prosecutor called for the former trader to be given a five-year prison sentence, two of them suspended, whilst Kerviel's lawyer called for his client to be acquitted.
The ruling was announced on 5 October 2010 at 11 am. Jérôme Kerviel was found guilty of the three charges filed against him: breach of trust, fraudulent inputting of data into an IT system and forgery and use of forged documents. He was found to be solely responsible for the record loss suffered by Société Générale in early 2008, and was sentenced to five years in prison, with two of those years suspended, and ordered to pay damages of €4.9 billion to the Bank.

Jérôme Kerviel immediately launched an appeal on the basis of an "unreasonable decision", according to his lawyer Olivier Metzner. Kerviel's sentence has therefore been suspended until the appeal, which is due to take place between 4 and 28 June 2012, and he is presumed innocent until that time.
The huge amount of damages Kerviel was ordered to pay gave rise to much emotion amongst the general public and online. The sentencing of one man to pay such a large sum of money was met with incomprehension and anger amongst Internet users. The Bank announced that the sum was "symbolic" and it had no expectation that the sum would be paid by Jérôme Kerviel.

March 2008: Missing consignment of gold by Goldaş

On 21 March 2008 Société Générale filed suit in Istanbul Commercial Court against Goldaş, a Turkish Jewelry firm, claiming the company had not paid for 15 tonnes(15,000 kg) of gold it had received through a consignment agreement. Goldaş stated that the consignment agreement was only for 3,250 kg of gold with a value of US$94 million. In June 2008, the court found Goldaş not guilty.

March 2009: Potential loss of $11 billion averted due to US government bailout of AIG

On 15 March 2009 AIG disclosed that, among its counterparties, Société Générale was to date the largest recipient of both credit default swap (CDS) collateral postings ($4.1 bn) and CDS payments ($6.9 bn), payments made possible in part by the 2008 U.S. government bailout of AIG.

Clearstream

French reporter Denis Robert and former No. 3 of Cedel :fr:Ernest Backes,a whistleblower of Clearstream have accused Société Générale of having non-published accounts in Clearstream, which was at the centre of a financial scandal in 2009.

Check processing fees

In 2010 the French government's Autorité de la concurrence (the department in charge of regulating competition) fined eleven banks, including Société Générale, the sum of 384,900,000 Euros for colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing, especially for extra fees charged during the transition from paper check transfer to "Exchanges Check-Image" electronic transfer.

LIBOR

In December 2013, the European Commission fined the bank close to €446 million for its role in the LIBOR scandal regarding interest rate derivatives.

US mortgage-backed securities

In February 2014, Société Générale agreed to pay $122 million to the Fannie Mae and the Freddie Mac for misleading them in the purchase of mortgage-backed securities.

In January 2017, Société Générale agreed to pay $50 million to settle a claim by the American government of fraudulent concealment of residential mortgage-backed securities quality.

Libyan Investment Authority

In March 2014, the Libyan Investment Authority has filed a $1.5 billion lawsuit in London's High Court against Société Générale. The claims against the bank involve derivative transactions that took place from 2007 to 2009, and Société Générale is accused of funneling at least $58 million in bribes to Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. The French bank denied those allegations

US municipal bond derivatives

In February 2016, Société Générale paid $26.8 million to settle charges in a case of municipal bond derivatives where the French bank is accused of anticompetitive and fraudulent conduct.

Panama Papers

In March 2016, Société Générale was mentioned in the Panama Papers: It was among the 10 banks that asked for the most offshore shell companies for the account of its clients via the Mossack Fonseca firm. Its headquarters were searched by the French tax police on 5 April 2016, as the bank was linked with the creation of 979 offshore companies. In 2012, CEO Frédéric Oudéa said that Société Générale withdrew from all countries belonging to the grey list of tax havens compiled by the OECD, including Panama. Despite this previous statement, Mr Oudéa defended that those offshore companies were not meant to be used as tax evasion vehicles.

U.S. sanctions

In November 2018, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a $53,966,916.05 settlement with Société Générale S.A. to settle potential civil liability for apparent violations of U.S. sanctions.  The settlement resolves OFAC's investigation into Société Générale S.A.'s processing of transactions to or through the United States or U.S. financial institutions in a manner that removed, omitted, obscured, or otherwise failed to include references to OFAC-sanctioned parties in the information sent to U.S. financial institutions that were involved in the transactions.

See also

 BNP Paribas
 Crédit Agricole
 Groupe BPCE
 Inter-Alpha Group of Banks

References

External links

 List of Société Générale agencies SWIFT codes in France

Investment banks
Banks established in 1864
Financial services companies established in 1864
1864 establishments in France
Exchange-traded funds
French brands
CAC 40
Privatized companies of France
Banks under direct supervision of the European Central Bank
Multinational companies headquartered in France
Systemically important financial institutions
Primary dealers


Sexual repression is a state in which a person is prevented from expressing their own sexuality. Sexual repression is often linked with feelings of guilt or shame being associated with sexual impulses. Defining characteristics and practices associated with sexual repression vary between societies and different historical periods. The behaviours and attitudes constituting sexual repression differ across cultures, religious communities and moral systems. Sexual repression can largely be categorised as physical, mental or an amalgam of both.

Sexual repression is enforced through legislation in certain countries, many of which are located in the Middle East and North Africa region, and South Asia. Common practices associated with the practice include female genital mutilation. Individuals believed to have engaged in behaviours contradicting social, religious or cultural expectations of sexual repression, such as same-sex sexual activity, may be punished through honor killings, persecution or the death penalty.

History
Sigmund Freud was the first to use the term 'sexual repression' widely, and argued that it was one of the roots of many problems in Western society. Freud believed that people's naturally strong instincts toward sexuality were repressed by people in order to meet the constraints imposed on them by civilized life. Among many others, Freud believed renowned artist Leonardo da Vinci to have been a repressed homosexual, who he believed "sublimated" his sexual desires so as to achieve artistic brilliance. However, Freud's ideas about sexual repression have been subject to heavy criticism. According to sex therapist Bernard Apfelbaum, Freud did not base his belief in universal innate, natural sexuality on the strength of sexual desire he saw in people, but rather on its weakness.

In some periods of Indian history, anaphrodisiacs were utilised in order to lower libido.

In contemporary society, medication may be prescribed to registered sex offenders in order to lower the libido and ensure that further offences are less likely.

Religious perspectives

Sexual repression is a recurring prohibition in many religious contexts.

Most forms of Christianity discourage homosexual behavior.

Many forms of Islam have strict sexual codes which include banning homosexuality, demanding virginity before marriage, accompanied by a ban on fornication, and can require modest dress-codes for men and women.

Chemical castration has also been practiced upon male choristers prior to puberty to ensure that their vocal range remained unchanged. This practice of creating "Castrati" was common until the 18th century, and after a decline in popularity were only used in the Vatican up until the beginning of the twentieth century.

Marriage
Marriage has historically been seen as means of controlling sexuality. Some forms of marriage, such as child marriage, are often practiced as a means of regulating the sexuality of girls, by ensuring they do not have multiple partners, thus preserving their virginity for their future husbands. According to the BBC World Service, "In some cases, parents willingly marry off their young girls in order to increase the family income or protect the girl from the risk of unwanted sexual advances or even promiscuity."

Female genital mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting or female circumcision, "comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons".
The practice is concentrated in 27 countries in Africa as well as Iraqi Kurdistan, Yemen and Indonesia; and more than 125 million girls and women today are estimated to have been subjected to FGM.

FGM does not have any health benefits, and has serious negative effects on health; including complications during childbirth.

FGM is used as a way of controlling female sexuality; the World Health Organization (WHO) states:

FGM is condemned by international human rights instruments. The Istanbul Convention prohibits FGM (Article 38). FGM is also considered a form a violence against women by the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women which was adopted by the United Nations in 1993; according to which: Article Two: Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including [...] female genital mutilation [...].

Honor killings

An honor killing is the homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family or community, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, being in a relationship that is disapproved by their relatives, having sex outside marriage, becoming the victim of rape, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, or engaging in homosexual relations. With regards to honor killings of women, according to a UN Expert Group Meeting that addressed harmful practices against women:

Same-sex sexual activity

Homosexual sexual expression is a sensitive topic in many societies. As of 2014, same-sex sexual acts are punishable by prison in 70 countries, and in five other countries and in parts of two others, homosexuality is punishable with the death penalty. Apart from criminal prosecution, LGBT individuals may also face social stigmatization and violence.

Research findings
Researchers such as Peggy Reeves Sanday have proposed a relationship between sexual repression and rape. Evidence has been found to contradict this hypothesis, with a study by Jaffee and Straus finding "no relationship between sexually liberal attitudes and rape."

Sexual repression is a key talking point in feminism, although feminist views on sexuality vary widely.

Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault, in his History of Sexuality, refutes what he calls the "repressive hypothesis."

Sexual repression and sexual arousal
Although the typical expectation is that sexually repressed female individuals would experience less sexual arousal, one study regarding the effect of repression (among other variables) on sexual arousal concluded that repression-sensitization (R-S) and interactions with R-S did not have a significant effect on sexual arousal. These results were consistent with research performed in other studies regarding the same topic. Moreover, other research findings have demonstrated that repression may have differing effects between gender, namely, that "male repressors may inhibit sexual behavior, whereas female repressors do not."

Repression in various countries

China

Reproduction-based sex was urged by Mao Zedong, but later politicians instituted a one-child policy. In a country where atheism is popular, the restriction cannot be ascribed to religion but to nationalist motives.

Sexual revolution
Within the past few decades, China has undergone major changes (known as the sexual revolution) in society that have affected their outlook on sex. Li Yinhe, China's first female sexologist, observed that prior to the sexual revolution, very few couples would engage in premarital sex. These observations were accredited to the fact that, until 1997, premarital sex in China was considered illegal and offenders could be prosecuted.

Furthermore, China's stance on sexuality before the sexual revolution was quite harsh in comparison to standards set by Western governments. China had previously banned the publication of pornography, organization of sex parties and prostitution, and even writing about sex. These regulations on sexuality before the revolution led to a legal precedent regarding the organization of prostitution in 1996 that had sentenced a bathhouse owner to death (though this is no longer punishable by death today). Today, the organization of sex parties is still illegal, although it is not strictly enforced anymore due to changes in Chinese attitudes which have led to fewer people reporting these sex parties.

However, the Chinese sexual revolution still has a lot of progress to make regarding the repression of the LGBT community. Although China has made some progress in the way of LGBT rights (namely, removing homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses), LGBT rights are still limited by some standards. For instance, same-sex marriage still hasn't been recognized legally, although there is the existence of guardianship, a recent development that many people consider as the first step to the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. In addition, Chinese law does not legally protect the LGBT community from discrimination in the workplace.

India

India has developed its discourse on sexuality differently based on its distinct regions with their own unique cultures. According to R.P. Bhatia, a New Delhi psychoanalyst and psychotherapist, middle-class India's "very strong repressive attitude" has made it impossible for many married couples to function well sexually, or even to function at all.

Japan

A Durex survey performed internationally resulted in Japan being the only country where more people have expressed discontent with their sex lives than those that have expressed fulfilling sex lives, an important major reason being that they are simply not having sex.  Homebuilders in Japan have also observed that more than a third of homes built feature separated bedrooms for married couples, suggesting that even married couples are less inclined to have sex than married couples in other cultures.

Work culture and economy
Japanese citizens' dissatisfaction with their sex lives can be partially attributed to their work culture, whose work hours can be considered lengthy in comparison to other work cultures. According to Michael Zielenziger, Japan's lengthy work hours has led couples to spend less time with each other, have reduced contact, and therefore have less sex. Japan's sexual repression can also be partially attributed to societal and business expectations, which generally expect that women should abstain from marriage, which is a major indicator of sex likelihood. Although Japan's work hours have even shrunk down to the United States' level of work hours per week, large amounts of sexual dissatisfaction and repression are still observed. One reason for these observations is that Japan's economy has been stagnating and has contributed to more unemployment. These factors generate stress, which plays a significant role in forming an unpleasant sex life according to Durex.

Russia
Russian history of sexual repression and LGBT rights includes an oscillation of attitudes, caused by both governmental interference and changing societal norms.

Under the Soviet Union

Soviet society in the past considered sex to be taboo and unacceptable to talk about. People sometimes expressed fear of losing their job and experienced shame from people they knew for simply using the word 'sex' openly due to the fact that discussion regarding the topic of sex in the Soviet Union was almost nonexistent. Near the end of the Soviet Union, however, the country would undergo major changes when it came to sex. Organizations and media such as Tema and The Moscow Association of Lesbian Literature and Arts, which focused on sexual liberation, were created and promoted the discussion of sex in Russian society.

After the Soviet Union

The USSR's collapse also made way for LGBT rights to come to the forefront of societal issues. In 1993, Russia decriminalized homosexuality and set the precedent for future sociopolitical changes. New outlets of media - including pornography - regarding homosexuality were released within these years of social change. However, these changes would soon be quickly turned around when Vladimir Putin was elected in 2000. Despite previous failed attempts to revert the 1993 decriminalization of homosexuality, the Russian government created a turning point against LGBT rights in 2013 when Russia passed the gay propaganda law, which signaled Russia's return to more conservative and traditional values. The sexual repression of homosexuals with the passing of this law was partly because Russia wanted to portray itself as different from Western countries and demonstrate strength through these differences.

United States

In the last few decades the United States has been removing much of the legislation tied to sexual repression of various groups.

Birth control
The first half of the 1960s saw contraceptions such as the birth control pill and Intrauterine Device (IUD) become widely available, which contributed to sexual freedom for many people without having to rely on less reliable and uncomfortable physical contraceptives such as condoms or diaphragms. However, religious and conservative lobbying groups as well as the influence of neo-eugenics created push back on some other forms of birth control such as emergency contraception and tubal ligation. Emergency contraception was being developed and produced by Hoechst under the name RU-486. Conservative lobbyist groups with ties to various religious powers such as the Vatican, originally were promoting limiting healthcare coverage of items such as birth control, and once RU-486 was made public knowledge, these groups actively worked to threaten Hoechst by claiming they would cause the company financial hardship if they did not cease all activity pertaining to RU-486.

In terms of more permanent forms of birth control such as tubal ligation and hysterectomies, there has been a long history of eugenicists pushing for forced sterilization of non Anglo-Saxon or lower-class women. This stemmed from a belief that this would contribute to the betterment of American society.  However, neo-eugenics, which is the more modern iteration of the eugenics movement, additionally works to limit access of procedures of sterilization from those they deem “fit” to reproduce. The demographic targeted for this are mostly white middle-class women.

Sex education
During the late 1990s and the Bush Administration (2000–2008) abstinence-only sex education groups were given considerable government funding to develop programming for schools. These groups were mostly represented by Christians who believed it to be their responsibility to address what they deemed as society's regressions towards a sex-based culture. Abstinence advocates generally focus on prohibiting sexual contact before heterosexual marriage. This has been linked to instigating a culture of sexual repressiveness affecting adolescent sexual behaviors, regardless of their sexuality. Research concerning the effectiveness of different forms of sex education for adolescents shows the highest success from comprehensive sex education. Characteristics of comprehensive sex education include informing students on the forms of birth control and how to use them, and sexual anatomy. The Obama Administration (2008–2016) worked towards promotion of comprehensive sex education programming and pulled much of the government funding supporting abstinence-only program development.

Symptoms of sexual repression
Sexual repression can be expressed but not limited to the following:

 lack of sexual attraction
 disinterest in sexual activities
 shame and distress with sexual activities
 guilt or other negative feelings after having sex
 believing your body is unattractive or unworthy of sex

See also

Age of consent
Antisexualism
Asexuality
Bodily integrity
Roy Cohn - Attorney responsible for anti-gay Lavender scare who was also a closeted homosexual
Erotophobia
Free love
Freedom of speech
Heterosexism
Human sexual activity
Human sexuality
Libertine
Opposition to pornography
Reproductive rights
Right to sexuality
Sex-positive movement
Sexual and reproductive health and rights
Sexual norm
Sexual revolution
Victorian morality

References

Guilt
Human sexuality
Political repression
Sexology
Sexual emotions


John B. Joseph (September 1, 1923 – September 1, 2020) was an Assyrian-American educator and historian of Middle Eastern studies. He taught courses on the history of the Middle East and its relationship with the West at Franklin & Marshall College (F&M) in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, from 1961 to 1988.

Joseph was born in Iraq in September 1923. He was the son of refugees from the Assyrian genocide in pre-Iran Persia, John B. (Benjamin) Joseph attended the American School for Boys in Baghdad. Pennsylvania missionary Calvin Staudt founded the school with his wife Ida. He occasionally sent students to his alma mater, F&M. Joseph arrived in 1946, received his degree from F&M in 1950, and subsequently earned a Ph.D. from Princeton University. In his long teaching career at F&M, he inspired many students, including business executive Andrew Schindler, class of 1972, who contributed the leading sum for the construction of the "John Joseph International Center" at F&M, dedicated to the study of the world's languages, culture, history and politics. Following his retirement from full-time teaching, Joseph has held the title of Lewis Audenreid Professor Emeritus of History.

He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on his 97th birthday in September 2020.

Bibliography

Notes

External links
 Franklin & Marshall College: John Joseph International Center
 Sargon R. Michael (2002): Opinion & Reflections on Prof. John Joseph's Latest Book
 Fred Aprim (2002): Personal Reflections on John Joseph's Hypothesis
 Fred Aprim (2004): Prof. John Joseph: Selective or Objective
 Johny Messo (2004): The Professor & the Nationalist
 George V. Yana (2008): Ancient and Modern Assyrians: A Scientific Analysis
 Julia Ferrante (2013): A Chance for Life - Former prisoners of war launched new beginnings at F&M after World War II
 Arameans of Aram-Naharaim Organisation: Professor John Joseph (Yuhannon Yusef)

1923 births
2020 deaths
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American people of Iraqi-Assyrian descent
Historians from Pennsylvania
Historians of the Middle East
Iraqi emigrants to the United States
Middle Eastern studies scholars
Princeton University alumni
Writers from Baghdad
Writers from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
American male non-fiction writers


U3 or U-3 may refer to:

Transportation
 U3, an underground rapid transit line in many major German/Austrian cities:
 U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)
 U3 (Frankfurt U-Bahn)
 U3 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
 U3 (Munich U-Bahn)
 U3 (Nuremberg U-Bahn)
 U3 (Stuttgart Stadtbahn)
 U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)
 Avies (IATA code: U3), an Estonian airline
 Cessna U-3, the military model of the Cessna 310 aircraft
 German submarine U-3, one of several German submarines
 Boeing Customer Code for Garuda Indonesia

Computer technology
 U3 (software), a design specification for USB storage, created by U3, LLC
 U3, a speed class for Secure Digital (SD) cards
 U.3, an improvement to the U.2 storage interface standard

Video games
 Ultima III: Exodus, a 1983 video game
 Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, a 2011 video game

Other
 U3, an unemployment figure released by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
 Small nucleolar RNA U3, a type of non-coding RNA


The Paicines AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in San Benito County, California, named after the town of Paicines. It is part of the larger San Benito AVA, and is located near the central part of the county.  The Paicines area is warmer than other nearby regions in San Benito, but cooler than the wine regions of the Central Valley.  The appellation is home to the Vista Verde Vineyard, a  vineyard once owned by Almaden Vineyards.

References

American Viticultural Areas
American Viticultural Areas of California
Geography of San Benito County, California
1982 establishments in California


The Conservative Party members of Parliament make up the second largest group of MPs in the capital. The Conservative Party currently holds 20 seats out of 73 in Greater London.

Members of Parliament

See also

 List of parliamentary constituencies in London
 List of Labour Party MPs in London
 List of Liberal Democrat Party MPs in London

External links
 London Conservative Party

London
Conservative


Medicare Advantage (Medicare Part C, MA) is a capitated program for providing Medicare benefits in the United States. Under Part C, Medicare pays a sponsor a fixed payment. The sponsor then pays for the health care expenses of enrollees. Sponsors are allowed to vary the benefits from those provided by Medicare's Parts A and B as long as they provide the actuarial equivalent of those programs. The sponsors vary from primarily integrated health delivery systems to unions to other types of non profit charities to insurance companies. The largest sponsor is a hybrid: the non profit charity AARP using UnitedHealth.

Part C plans are required to offer coverage that meets or exceeds the standards set by Medicare Parts A and B, but they do not have to cover every benefit in the same way (actuarial equivalence is required). The major advantage of a public Part C Medicare Advantage plan is that each features an out of pocket annual spend limit of the beneficiary's choosing, typically ranging from $1500 to about $8000 in 2023. The lower the limit the higher the premium as with insurance of all types. Many Part C plans with a high limit have no premium (but the Part C enrollee still has to pay a Part B premium if otherwise required). Original Medicare Parts A and B do not include such out of pocket spend limit protection.

Plans must be approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). If a MA plan changes some benefits, the savings must be passed along to consumers by lowering co-payments for doctor visits (or any other plus or minus aggregation approved by CMS). Coverage must include inpatient hospital (Part A) and outpatient (Part B) services. Typically, the plan also includes prescription drug (Part D) coverage. Many plans also offer additional benefits, such as hearing or dental coverage or vision services not covered by Part B of Medicare. Such plans typically require a higher premium.

Those who do not enroll in a Part C plan receive coverage for Part A and Part B services. Many purchase private supplemental coverage (Medigap) to cover the large co-pays, co-insurance and deductibles in Original Medicare Parts A and B, and enroll separately in Part D for coverage of prescription drugs. Public Part C Medicare Advantage plans also include nominal co-pays and co-insurance but there are no deductibles

Most MA plans are managed care plans (e.g., PPOs or HMOs) with limited provider networks. About 40% of Medicare Advantage enrollees with prescription drug benefits pay an additional premium.

Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage pay healthcare providers differently. Original Medicare typically reimburses healthcare providers with a fee for each service.  This fee is often calculated with a standard formula (for example, the prospective payment system for hospital services). Providers either accept Medicare's reimbursement rates or opt out of the program. Public Medicare Advantage plans negotiate payment rates and form networks with healthcare providers, similar to private health insurance plans that almost all Americans not of Medicare age use.

As of 2023, about 50% of Medicare beneficiaries were members of Medicare Advantage plans. Nearly all Medicare beneficiaries have access to at least one Medicare Advantage plan; on average 39 plans per county were available. By design, the cost to the trust funds of Medicare Advantage plan members and those beneficiaries receiving services on a fee basis should be the same by county. However the convoluted framework/bid/rebate process built into the 2003 and 2010 revisions to the 1997 Medicare Advantage law means this one-one relationship will always be out of synch. On average, over the 25 years of the program comparable people on both programs (that is, for example, people not on Medicaid or Federal retirees or people still working or in the VA system or in union plans) have costs the Trust Funds equal amounts .

Other plan types, such as 1876 Cost plans, are available in some areas. Cost plans are not Medicare Advantage plans and are not capitated. Instead, beneficiaries keep their Original Medicare benefits while the plan sponsor administers their Part A and Part B benefits.

Medicare + Medicaid
Some MA plans cover both Medicare and Medicaid services for people who are eligible for both. To be eligible both Medicare and Medicaid coverage, often referred to as "dual eligibility," individuals must meet specific eligibility criteria for each program separately. Medicare is typically available to those aged 65 and older, certain individuals with disabilities, and those with end-stage renal disease or ALS.  Medicaid eligibility is income and asset-based, varying by state, and is generally available to low-income individuals.

Value-based Insurance Design
The CMS Innovation Center's Medicare Advantage Value-Based Insurance Design (VBID) model tests the effect of offering customized benefits that are designed to better manage their disease(s) and address social needs, including food insecurity and social isolation. The VBID Hospice Benefit Component provides access to palliative/hospice services.

Usage
The number of people using public Part C of Medicare grew from almost zero since 1998 to 26.5 million in 2021. The top-25 Medicare Advantage insurers enroll a combined 21.6 million people, or 87 percent of the total. Nine plans saw growth over 10% in 2021.

In 2022, 295 plans (up from 256 in 2021) covered all Medicare services, plus Medicaid-covered behavioral health treatment or long term services and support.

In 2022, 1000 MA plans were projected to enroll 3.7 million people in VBID. The hospice benefit will be offered by 115 Medicare Advantage plans in 22 states and territories.

Criticisms
In 2019, Medicare Advantage Organizations denied 13% of prior authorization requests that would have been accepted if the beneficiaries were in original Medicare. In 2019 alone, Medicare Advantage plans cost tax-payers $9 billion more dollars than if beneficiaries were in original Medicare. This is due to a financial incentive for physicians associated with these plans to manipulate diagnosis codes. In addition, while original Medicare allows for beneficiaries to visit any provider that accepts Medicare, most Medicare Advantage plans restrict the number of providers and hospitals that beneficiaries can visit.

As a result of labeling beneficiaries with more severe diagnoses as a way to generate profit, many companies that participate in MA plans such as UnitedHealth, Humana, Elevance, and Kaiser have or are facing federal fraud lawsuits from the Department of Justice.

References

External links

Government links – current
CMS official web site
Legal Issues Relating to the Secretary’s Authority to Set Payment Rates Under the Medicare Advantage Program Congressional Research Service
Medicare.gov — the official website for people with Medicare
 As codified in 42 U.S.C. chapter 7 of the United States Code from the LII
 As codified in 42 U.S.C. chapter 7 of the United States Code from the US House of Representatives

Private links
Medicare & Medicaid Resources — Medicare information site
Kaiser Family Foundation — Wide range of free information about the Medicare program and other U.S. health issues including state-level data on health care spending and utilization, including MedicareMedicare Advantage in 2022: Enrollment Update and Key Trends.
 Medicare – Alliance for Health Reform The nonpartisan, nonprofit Alliance for Health Reform offers information about health reform, in a number of formats, to elected officials and their staffs, journalists, policy analysts and advocates.
 Social Security and Disability News Resource Center
 How Stuff Works – Medicare
 Medicare Policy Center

Managed care
Medicare and Medicaid (United States)


Jonathan Victor Gerard Assous (born September 2, 1983) is a French-Israeli football player who is currently contracted to Beitar Ramat Gan in Israel. In France, Assous was widely known for his temper and rough play.

Playing career
Assous began his professional career in the Ligue 2 with club AS Nancy. Sparingly making a league appearance, he moved down to the Championnat National to play with Nîmes. Fine performances in the Championnat earned him a contract with Angers SCO. There he grabbed headlines for his rough play which got him ejected on numerous occasions. During his stint with Créteil, he trialed with Nice and impressed then-manager Frédéric Antonetti. Unfortunately, contractual problems with Créteil ended his chance of making it to Ligue 1 for the first time in his career. Instead, Assous joined Stade Reims where he was able to carve out a spot in the starting 11.

After the successful acclimation of French midfielder Rudy Haddad to life in Israel, Maccabi decided to look for more Jewish footballers who would not count against the foreign player cap. Frenchman Kevin Pariente and Americans Benny Feilhaber and Jonathan Bornstein were originally scouted for the club. After Maccabi could not come to terms with their respective clubs, they turned to Assous who was having a good season in France. Some fans were vocally opposed to signing Assous because of his previously unsuccessful trial with Hapoel Kfar Saba and lack of "star quality".

Immediately after being bought, Assous went to the Jewish Agency offices in Paris to fill out all necessary forms for receiving Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return.

In 2008, he was joined in Israel by his brother, Gary who signed with Maccabi Netanya.

From 2009 to 2011, he was playing for Hapoel Petah Tikva.

In January 2011, he joined Hapoel Ramat Gan but the club had been relegated to Liga Leumit, so he did not want to continue in this team.

In August 2011, he joined for a second Time Hapoel Petah Tikva, club where he is liked by all ultras, for his temper, and his aggressive style of play.
In May 2012, Hapoel Petah Tikva was relegated to Liga Leumit, but Assous decided to continue with the club, and to sign a 3 years contract, in August 2012.

In October 2014, he joined Liga Gimel club, Shimshon Tel Aviv.

See also
List of select Jewish football (association; soccer) players

Footnotes

1983 births
Living people
21st-century French Jews
French men's footballers
Israeli Jews
Men's association football midfielders
Israeli men's footballers
Jewish French sportspeople
French emigrants to Israel
Jewish men's footballers
AS Nancy Lorraine players
Nîmes Olympique players
Angers SCO players
AS Cannes players
US Créteil-Lusitanos players
Stade de Reims players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. players
Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C. players
Hapoel Ashkelon F.C. players
Maccabi Akhi Nazareth F.C. players
Shimshon Tel Aviv F.C. players
Footballers from Val-d'Oise
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Sportspeople from Sarcelles


Vidura College, Colombo (Sinhala: විදුර විද්‍යාලය) is a private English medium school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Its founder and current principal is D.G. Sumanasekara.

History
Vidura College was inaugurated on 27 January 1999, as a primary school, with the enrollment of six students to the Nursery and Grade 1 classes. Today the college conducts classes up to G.C.E. (Advanced Level) Examination, with a student population of over 2,700. Vidura is a test preparation center for GCE (Ordinary level and Advanced level) examinations – Dept. of examinations, Sri Lanka, University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, UK (English for Speakers of Other Languages), Sri Lanka Festival of Music, Dance & Speech (IIMSD)

Sections
The school is divided into five sections:
 Nursery School – Infant Group Play Group and Reception
 Primary School  – Grades 1 – 5
 Lower Secondary School – Grades 6 – 8
 Upper Secondary School – Grades 9 – 11
 High School – Grades 12 -13

College emblem
The college logo symbolizes the goals envisaged by its founders:
Lotus buds symbolizes the students of Vidura
The Lamp symbolizes the knowledge imparted to the student
The Flame symbolizes the radiance of the student on graduation
The Pot symbolizes the fullness of personality developed
The Diamond symbolizes the part played by Vidura in making its work shine with brightness

The name "Vidura" means "vajra" ("the diamond").

Examinations
After completing Grade 11 students sit the G.C.E. (Ordinary Level) Examination, Sri Lanka, as private candidates. Students proceeding further sit the G.C.E (Advanced Level) Examination, Sri Lanka after completing Grade 13.In examinations your child should study so hard and sometimes first graders should do examinations that  tells to do unnecessary things.

References

Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Sri Lanka
Schools in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte


André Louis Marchal (6 February 1894 – 27 August 1980) was a French organist and organ teacher. He was one of the great initiators of the twentieth-century organ revival in France and one of the cofounders of the Association des amis de l'orgue alongside Norbert Dufourcq.

Biography
Marchal was born blind in Paris. Remarkably undaunted by this handicap, he studied the organ under Eugène Gigout at the Paris Conservatoire; and there, in 1913, he won the First Prize in organ-playing. Four years later he also won the prix d'excellence for fugue and counterpoint.

Marchal concertized widely, both in France and abroad. He played a series of recitals at the Cleveland Museum of Art in late 1947 and early 1948. Marchal taught organ at the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris, in addition to serving as titular organist of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1915–1945) and Saint-Eustache (1945–1963). He resigned from Saint-Eustache in 1963, his departure being brought about over a conflict concerning the correct organ builder to be hired to restore Saint-Eustache's instrument.

He was an unparalleled improviser and was recognized as such by Fauré. Among his students are many brilliant musicians such as Jean Langlais, Peter Hurford, Louis Thiry and Jean-Pierre Leguay, one of three titulaires du grand orgue of Notre-Dame de Paris.

He died in 1980 in Saint-Jean-de-Luz at the age of 86.

Awards and recognition
 Officer of the Légion d’honneur (1960)
 Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1965)
 National Patron of Delta Omicron

External links
 Short biography by the organist's daughter, Jacqueline Englert-Marchal

References

1894 births
1980 deaths
Musicians from Paris
Organ improvisers
French classical organists
French male organists
Blind classical musicians
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century French musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century French male musicians
Male classical organists
French blind people


Garrison Union Free School, also referred to as just Garrison School, educates students from kindergarten through eighth grade in the eponymous school district, which covers the hamlet of Garrison and nearby areas of the towns of Philipstown and Putnam Valley in Putnam County, New York, United States. It is located on NY 9D near the center of the hamlet, right across from St. Philip's Church in the Highlands, where it was originally located when established in 1793.

Graduating students who continue their education in public schools have the choice of doing so either at Haldane High School, to the north in Cold Spring; or James I. O'Neill High School across the Hudson River in Highland Falls. The district pays tuition for both.

History

The minutes of St. Philip's show that the church resolved to build a "free school", paid for by subscription in 1793, when it was slowly re-establishing itself after half the pre-Revolutionary congregation, including its pastor and warden, had fled the country due to their Loyalist sympathies. The original building was replaced by another in 1837. In 1866, when the state designated it the Garrison Union Free School District, it moved to donated land slightly further north along the present Route 9D.

By the early 20th century the school's enrollment had grown as the New York Central Railroad had made Garrison more accessible to New York City and wealthy families had moved to the area to build houses taking in the scenery of the river and surrounding Hudson Highlands. In 1908 the first part of the current building was erected opposite the church on land donated by the family of recently deceased railroad executive Samuel Sloan.

During the 1920s and 1930s the district and its school grew via the addition of other small local districts: Graymoor, Travis Corners, Nelson Corners and then Continental Village, later reannexed by the neighboring Lakeland schools. The growth required additions to the building in the 1950s and '60s. School facilities were further augmented by the 181 acre (72 ha) School Forest to the east, donated by some descendants of Sloan and other families in the area. It has hiking trails and some remains of Revolutionary-era West Point fortifications.

In 1971 Manitou to the south, which had previously sent all its students to Haldane, merged with Garrison. The building's unique architecture earned it a listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, the only school included in the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area Multiple Property Submission. Continued growth required the addition of another wing in 2002 to provide a gym, eight classrooms and a computer lab for the middle school students. A new front entrance was also added.

After 1997 Saint Basil Academy stopped in-house instruction. Saint Basil had requested Garrison School be the party educating Saint Basil students, but the Garrison district declined. After 2003, when Highland Falls-Fort Montgomery stopped educating Saint Basil students over non-payment of tuition, Saint Basil asked Garrison to take the students for free; Garrison argued against this because Saint Basil was not officially licensed to be in charge of its students.
In fall 2003 the New York State Education Department decided that in the meantime, the Garrison district would be the school district for Saint Basil Academy students who originated from households residing in New York State. Garrison chose to educate Saint Basil students up to the 8th grade. Marek Fuchs of The New York Times wrote that due to the extra expenses, "The decision [to have Garrison educate the students] was an unpopular one in Garrison."  In April 2004 the New York State Education Department had ruled that the Garrison district was not required to educate Saint Basil students.

In September 2008, the Garrison School community celebrated the 100th Anniversary  of the stone Garrison School House with an alumni reunion and reenactment of the laying of the cornerstone in 1908.

Athletics

Garrison offers students a choice between two sports every season depending on gender. Boys and girls can play soccer in the fall and basketball in the winter. Boys can play lacrosse in the spring and Girls can play softball in the spring.

In 2007-2008 the boys of the graduating class of 2008 led the soccer and lacrosse modified teams to undefeated seasons for the first time ever.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, New York

References

External links

Garrison Union Free School — official website

Public middle schools in New York (state)
Public elementary schools in New York (state)
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
School buildings completed in 1908
Schools in Putnam County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Putnam County, New York
1908 establishments in New York (state)