County Road 492 (CR 492, Co. Rd. 492) is a primary county road in Marquette County, Michigan. The road serves as an alternate route between Negaunee and Marquette. Several historic sites line the roadway as it runs south and parallel to the main highway, U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) and M-28, through the Marquette Iron Range in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The path of the road runs near tracks of the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad (LS&I). The locally created Iron Ore Heritage Trail will follow CR 492 through Eagle Mills and Morgan Meadows upon completion. The western terminus of the county road is on US 41/M-28 in Negaunee and the eastern end is in Marquette next to Lake Superior.

CR 492 was previously known as the Marquette–Negaunee Road before it was made a part of the State Trunkline Highway System. It was originally designated as a part of M-15 as early as 1917. The superintendent of the Marquette County Road Commission, Kenneth Ingalls Sawyer, painted the first rural highway centerline on the roadway on Dead Man's Curve. The highway was later a part of M-28 before being transferred back to county control. The highway assumed its current form by 2001. The eastern section along Brookton Road in Marquette Township was redesignated as a county secondary highway when a new connection to US 41/M-28 was opened, and the designation was extended along Wright Street on the west and north sides of Marquette.

Route description
In the city of Negaunee, CR 492 is a part of Maas Street, which runs east–west through town starting at Teal Lake. CR 492 begins at the intersection of Maas Street and US 41/M-28 in Negaunee next to Miners Park. From there, CR 492 passes some businesses near the highway before running through a residential area. East of Woodland Drive, the street runs downhill into a more rural section of town. In this area, the roadway runs through forested terrain parallel to tracks of the LS&I. The road then loops to the north away from the tracks, crossing the Carp River next to the Forge Road intersection. Through this area, the Iron Ore Heritage Trail, a multi-use trail system, was built to follow CR 492, and opened in 2013. Forge Road runs north to the Michigan Iron Industry Museum on the site of the Carp River Forge, the original iron ore forge in the region. Maas Street runs along the south side of the city cemetery. The cemetery main gate is located near the city limits, where Maas Street ends and CR 492 continues into Negaunee Township.

CR 492 intersects M-35 near Eagle Mills Location. M-35 approaches the county road from the north before it turns east to run concurrently with CR 492. The two roadway designations cross a rail track before M-35 separates and turns south; traffic along the state highway must yield the right-of-way to traffic on the county road in the process. Eagle Mills is the location of the main LS&I rail yard and the former Pioneer Pellet Plant, the first such iron ore pelletizing plant in the country. CR 492 curves away from this industrial area to the northeast. The roadway crosses Morgan Creek and enters the Morgan Heights area on the border of Negaunee Township and Marquette Township. This is the site of the first tuberculosis sanatorium in the Upper Peninsula built in 1911; the facility is said to have been haunted before the main buildings were torn down around 2002. The road continues east through forested lands in Marquette Township, rounding Dead Man's Curve and running downhill into the Morgan Meadows area. CR 492 passes a convent of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres before entering a residential area. The road curves north past these subdivisions, meeting the western end of CR 500 (Grove Street). Further north, CR 492 intersects Brookton Road before the western segment terminates at US 41/M-28 in the middle of Marquette Township's commercial corridor.

The county road designation resumes to the west at a roundabout on US 41/M-28 about  from the previous intersection. From this location, CR 492 runs northward between several businesses. North of this commercial development, the roadway curves to the northeast to round the northern side of the North Star Academy and merge onto Wright Street. The roadway leaves the commercial corridor and returns to woodland before the intersection with Forestville Road and Commerce Drive. Wright Street curves to the northeast and then the east crossing into the westernmost section of the City of Marquette. As Wright Street continues eastward, it runs through a residential section along part of the city line before completely crossing into Marquette. The roadway passes the Holy Cross Cemetery and the north side of the campus of Northern Michigan University (NMU). The northern main entrance to campus is located at the intersection with CR 550 (Sugar Loaf Avenue) and Tracy Avenue. Wright Street passes through residential neighborhoods east of CR 550 before meeting Presque Isle Avenue. East of that intersection, CR 492 crosses onto the northern edge of NMU's campus immediately north of the Superior Dome. Wright Street ends as it curves around to the south into a junction with Lakeshore Boulevard at the shore of Lake Superior.

History
The first roadway along the route of the modern CR 492 was a plank road built by the Cleveland and Sharon Iron Companies in the 1850s. The roadway was originally named the Marquette–Negaunee Road, due to its endpoints. The road was included as a section of "Division 8" in the State Trunkline Highway System when that was created on May 13, 1913. In 1917, the first highway centerline in the nation was painted along a section of the road known as "Dead Man's Curve". The centerline was painted by Kenneth Ingalls Sawyer, long-time superintendent of the county road commission. Traffic along the road was heavy for the era, and along the curves, drivers would follow the innermost side instead of keeping to their own lane. Sawyer added arrows to indicate travel direction and found that motorists used the appropriate travel lanes.

At this time, the road carried an unsigned designation of "Trunk Line 15" (T.L. 15) as designated by the Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD). This designation was changed to M-15 by the time the state highway system was signed by MSHD in 1919. With the creation of the United States Highway System on November 11, 1926, M-15 in Michigan was redesignated as a part of the larger US 41. Between Negaunee and Marquette, US 41 was routed north of the Marquette–Negaunee Road, following a section of M-35 out of downtown Negaunee. At the same time, M-28 was extended eastward through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Between Negaunee and Marquette, M-28 followed the old routing of M-15. By 1936, M-28 was shifted to follow US 41 between Negaunee and Marquette, transferring the old Marquette–Negaunee Road to county control.

After this transfer, the roadway carried the CR 492 designation. In 1964, several abandoned underground mine shafts collapsed underneath M-35 in Negaunee, and M-35 was rerouted out of the city along its current roadway through Negaunee Township, connecting with CR 492. The eastern end of CR 492 was moved by 2001. Before this realignment, CR 492 followed Brookton Road, parallel to US 41/M-28 before turning to the previous terminus just west of the border between Marquette Township and the City of Marquette. After the change, CR 492 turned north to intersect the highway opposite of Wright Street. The CR 492 designation was extended along Wright Street at the same time. In 2006, the city of Marquette extended Wright Street to end at Lakeshore Boulevard.

In 2010, the county road commission built an extension to Commerce Drive across US 41/M-28. This extension was designed to connect the southern and northern segments of CR 492 severed by traffic flow changes along US 41/M-28. Traffic wishing to cross between the two segments needs to follow US 41/M-28 to a median turn around in a maneuver similar to a Michigan left. After the project was completed, motorists gained a second option to cross between the two segments of CR 492 following Brookton Road to the Commerce Drive extension and around the Westwood Mall to Wright Street. This newer connector is designed for  traffic. The stop light at the US 41/M-28 intersection was installed in early November to complete the project. In August 2010, the speed limits along Wright Street were increased. After the results of a speed study, the limits were increased from  to .

In 2019, two intersections controlled by stoplights along US 41/M-28 in Marquette Township were rebuilt as roundabouts. The easternmost of the two is located at the southwestern end of the northeastern segment of CR 492.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

Iron Ore Heritage Trail official website
CR 492 on the list of "107 Things To Love about Marquette County" (WMQT-FM)

Transportation in Marquette County, Michigan
County roads in Michigan


The Funnies ("O Astronauta"), also known as Bubbly the Astronaut, is a Brazilian comic strip series, created in 1963 and part of the Monica's Gang comic strips. It centers around Bubbly, an astronaut, whose parents and ex-girlfriend Rita appear very rarely, making him the only recurring character. The comic strip can be defined as a science fiction adventure strip.

In order to draw the outer space scenarios that normally serve as background for the strips, inkers for The Funnies normally use fountain and dip pens, with white, gray and black as colors. Sérgio Graciano (1936-2019), one of the inkers, says he reads scientific publications so his work is as loyal to real space as possible.

Characters
 Bubbly (Astronauta) – Bubbly is the main and virtually only character of The Funnies. He is an astronaut and works for the fictional BRASA (Brasileiros Astronautas – Brazilian Astronauts, a pun on the acronym of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration). His space ship and home is an orange metallic ball. Basically, he spends his time traveling through the Universe, visiting new planets and contacting extraterrestrials (or eventually fighting them). His missions usually involve fighting intergalactic criminals or collecting information about new planets. His English name was given after his round-like space suit.
 Computer (Computador) – The board computer of Bubbly's space ship. He is able to talk, and his monitor features a face when not displaying anything. The computer gives Bubbly information about any planet, zone, or galaxy ahead of the ship, and also makes him company by playing games (most frequently videogames or chess) or striking conversations in order to fend off Bubbly's lonely feelings.
 Rita or Izabel (Ritinha) – Bubbly's lover. She was his girlfriend once, but as Bubbly spent years in space without coming back, Rita left him and married another guy, which made Bubbly deeply depressed.
 Bonifácio - Rita's husband.
 Natália and Astrogildo - Bubbly's parents who are farmers. They always appear in stories in which Bubbly returns to his home on Earth.
 Ditão - The Bubbly's best friend who lives next to the Bubbly's parents' house.

Villains
 Barba Laser (Laser Beard) - Bubbly's occasional antagonist, he acts as a space pirate and is often seen with his not so intelligent helper Matraca (whose name may be translated as Ratchet).
 Bronk's Gang - They are a gang of three alien criminals who make a few appearances in the stories. The leader Bronk constantly bullies Bubbly because his round space suit kicking him like a soccer ball.
 Cabeleira Negra (Blackhair) - A beautiful woman who is the leader of a group of space pirates and is considered the futuristic descendant of the pirate Blackbeard. She had her first appearance in the film Uma Aventura no Tempo as one of the main villains of the plot and also living in the future, in the film is revealed that she is bald and wears a wig, plus Bubbly demonstrate a platonic love for her. In the comics she had a few appearances on Monica Teen, however living on the present day different from the movie.

Other versions

In 2009, the character had seven stories from the first graphic novel from the trilogy Mauricio de Sousa por 50 artistas, idealized by editor Sey Gusman, in honor of Maurício de Sousa's 50 years career, in the first album, MSP 50, there is a story by Marcelo Campos and Renato Guedes. Jean Okada, creates a story of the Astronaut's first flight and for that he made a more credible version of the hero's space suit, in another film by comic artist Flávio Luiz, the character takes a trip through time and finds the prehistoric Piteco.

In 2010, was released the second book, MSP + 50. In this book, one of the Astronaut stories was written by Gian Danton and illustrated by JJ Marreiro and another written by Wellington Srbek and art by Will.

For the Astronaut character design, Marreiro was inspired by comics artists such as Curt Swan (known for his work on Superman) and Alex Toth (known for his work on animation series such as Space Ghost for Hanna-Barbera). Danton and Marreiro were also inspired by sci-fi franchises like Perry Rhodan, Star Trek, Flash Gordon and the comic books Planet Comics and Strange Worlds, among others. Gian Danton has worked with both artists, with Jean Okada he made the space opera webcomic Exploradores do Desconhecido and scripted a story of the Mulher-Estupenda, a superheroine created by JJ Marreiro in honor of the Golden Age of Comics, still in 2010, Marreiro illustrated  Amanhã é Ontem, a novella of Exploradores do Desconhecido.

In 2011, the last book MSP Novos 50 was released, in that album Astronauta stars in 5 stories and participates in others as a supporting, one of these stories was written and designed by Aluir Amancio, Aluir started his career at the  twelve years drawing the strips of Turma da Mônica for the  newspaper Folha de S.Paulo.  Aluir also drew Superman stories, based on the Superman: The Animated Series, where he had to follow the style established by Bruce Timm. Another story contained in the book was produced by the cartoonist from Paraíba, Shiko, who resides in Italy.

In 2012, Bubbly starred a graphic novel called Astronauta - Magnetar (as a part of the Graphic MSP), written and drawn by Danilo Beyruth with colors by Cris Peter. Beyurth was inspired by science fiction films like Alien and 2001: A Space Odyssey, in addition, did research on astrophysics and navigation. The graphic novel had a continuation in  Astronauta - Singularidade (2014), Astronauta - Assimetria (2016), Astronauta - Entropia (2018), Astronauta - Parallax (2020) and Astronauta: Convergência (2022). The graphic novels Magnetar, Singularidade and Assimetria were collected in a trade paperback, the book contains an unpublished story for the editionː Silêncio Lunar with colors by Mariane Gusmão, totaling 272 pages.

In the comic book Tina, launched in September 2014, Astronaut is the superhero of Astronauta Comics, read by Steve.

Monica Teen
In Monica Teen, Bubbly appears for the first time in issue 3 meeting with Monica and her friends in the dimension Tobor. From issue 6 onwards it is revealed that he is now with the rank of commander of the Cruzador Espacial Hoshi (Space Cruiser Hoshi), along with the faithful computer friend counts on the collaboration of Lieutenant Crystal and Ensign Specs. Unlike the original, Bubbly has a more realistic and mature appearance using a normal space suit different from his classic round outfit.

Other media
In 1965, Bubbly had a picture book called Astronauta no Planeta dos Homens Sorvetes by Maurício de Sousa (script and drawings), Paulo Hamasaki (inks) and Joel Link and Alberto Dijinshian (colors), published by publisher FTD, which was part of a series of books inspired by the Mauricio de Sousa's characters. In 1971, a song to Bubbly was composed for the album A Bandinha da Turma da Mônica.

Bubbly also has made some rare animated appearances of Monica's Gang TV commercials and cartoons since the 1960s, usually in cameos. In 1998 a single animated episode based in the comics was released by VHS in the Monica's Gang film O Estranho Soro do Dr. X. Bubbly is also featured in the Monica's Gang's 2007 animated film Uma Aventura no Tempo.

Bubbly is also playable character in the 2018 game Mônica e a Guarda dos Coelhos.

In 2018 an animation series based on the graphic novel series of the character was announced for HBO Brasil.

References

External links
Official Monica’s Gang website
Official Monica’s Gang website

Monica and Friends
Brazilian comic strips
1963 comics debuts
Comics characters introduced in 1963
Adventure comics
Humor comics
Fictional astronauts
Fictional Brazilian people
Science fiction comics


Events from the year 1208 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Lord: John

Events
 The town and lands of Fethard, County Tipperary were lost to its founder, William de Braose, following a dispute he had with King John of England.
 Auliffe O'Rothlain, Chief of Calry of Coolcarney, was slain by O'Moran.

References

1200s in Ireland
Ireland
Years of the 13th century in Ireland


Miss República Dominicana 1998 was held on December 12, 1997. There were 20 candidates, representing provinces and municipalities, who entered. The winner would represent the Dominican Republic at Miss Universe 1998 . The first runner up would enter Miss World 1998. The second runner up would enter in Miss International 1998. The rest of finalist entered different pageants.

Results

Special awards

 Miss Rostro Bonito - Selinée Méndez (Monseñor Nouel)
 Miss Photogenic (voted by press reporters) - Katherine Ferreira (Jarabacoa)
 Miss Belleza Rondinella - Sharmin Díaz (San Pedro de Macorís)
 Miss Congeniality (voted by Miss Dominican Republic contestants) - Joan Alcantara (San Francisco de Macorís)
 Best Provincial Costume - Tatiana Silvestre (Duvergé)
 Miss Elegancia - Selinée Méndez (Monseñor Nouel)

Delegates

Trivia
Merfry Then would enter again in Miss Universe Dominican Republic 2001.

References

Miss Dominican Republic
1998 beauty pageants
1998 in the Dominican Republic


The Uniform Controlled Substances Act was drafted by the United States Department of Justice in 1969 and promulgated in 1970 by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws while the federal Controlled Substances Act was being drafted. Modeled after the federal Act, the uniform act established a drug scheduling system. There are three versions: the original 1970 version and two revisions, 1990 and 1994.  The versions while different, are similar in many of their provisions. The acts of the adopting jurisdictions will, therefore, generally contain many provisions common to all of those versions. Thus, it is often difficult to say with certitude that a jurisdiction has adopted one version of the act rather than another.  Nevertheless, every state other than Vermont and New Hampshire has adopted some version of the uniform act. Rufus B. King, counsel to United States Congress committees, notes that "it is provided that the state authorities must designate, reschedule, or delete substances whenever notified of such federal action unless they invoke an elaborate notice-and-hearing procedure to resist the federal ruling". Thus, the Uniform Act completes a top-down system of control in which drug policy originates through the international legislative process of treatymaking and United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs scheduling decisions and is automatically implemented through Controlled Substances Act provisions requiring federal scheduling of internationally controlled drugs, and Uniform Controlled Substances Act provisions requiring state scheduling of federally controlled drugs.

See also
Active participant in policy, Harry J. Anslinger
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 did not make cannabis illegal, only enacted legislation as legal means of ban.

References

United States federal controlled substances legislation
Uniform Acts


Tarmac Adam is a Melbourne-based Australian pop band formed in 2001 by singer–songwriter Matt O'Donnell It includes Nick Seymour on bass, Ruben Alexander on drums,  Josh Barber on percussion, and Steve Paix on keyboards and saxophone.

History

According to Matt O'Donnell, Tarmac Adam developed from a solo recording project he had begun planning around the year 2000. "I always had one foot in music", he said. "During my years as an occupational therapist, I'd take time off each year and go overseas, primarily to Germany, as a solo acoustic act, sometimes with a band. I've played in bands for fifteen, sixteen years, on and off".

O'Donnell began working on demos with guitarist Sean McVitty. They invited Crowded House members Nick Seymour and Paul Hester to join on bass and drums, respectively. The project was complemented by keyboardist and saxophonist Steve Paix.

In 2003, Tarmac Adam released the album Handheld Torch, recorded in Melbourne and Dublin and produced by Nick Seymour. The album was self-funded by O'Donnell after approaches to record companies for a recording deal were rebuffed.
Hester died in March 2005 and, in 2007, Seymour returned to Crowded House after the band reunited.

In June 2007, Tarmac Adam announced it was "back jogging on the main arterial as they prepare for the next stage of the journey. It's been a while but the break has been fruitful". The band's website said Handheld Torch would be repackaged, adding unreleased tracks from the early sessions with Seymour and Hester, as well as ambient instrumental remixes. In February 2008, the website featured a new song, "You As Me", and noted that "Tarmac Adam music is being made".

The band, at this point composed of O'Donnell, Seymour, and Paix, as well as Ruben Alexander on drums and Josh Barber on percussion, released their sophomore album, The History Effect, in 2013.
Following this release, O'Donnell, Paix, and Barber toured the US as a three-piece, to promote the new material with an itinerary that included a national TV appearance, various radio interviews, and live performances.

Tarmac Adam's third album, In Place, was released in October 2015, and once again featured Nick Seymour on bass.

Band members

Current
 Matt O'Donnell – vocals
 Steve Paix – keyboards
 Josh Barber – percussion
 Ruben Alexander – drums
 Nick Seymour – bass

Past
 Sean McVitty – guitar
 Paul Hester – drums

Discography
 Handheld Torch (2003)
 The History Effect (2013)
 In Place (2015)

References

External links

Australian pop music groups


M&B may refer to:
May & Baker, a British chemical company
 the drug Sulfapyridine, manufactured by May & Baker
 Mills & Boon, the romance imprint of British publisher Harlequin UK Ltd.
Meridian and Bigbee Railroad, a U.S. railroad
Mount & Blade, a computer game
Mitchells & Butlers, a British pub chain company
Mitchells & Butlers Brewery


Utricularia warmingii is a small, annual suspended aquatic carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. warmingii is endemic to South America and can be found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Venezuela.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

External links
 First known photographs of Utricularia warmingii

Carnivorous plants of South America
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Venezuela
warmingii


Proburnetia is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of Russia. It had bizarre bumps and protrusions on its skull.

Proburnetia had a 20 cm skull, and a total length up to 1.5 m.

References

Burnetiamorphs
Prehistoric therapsid genera
Lopingian synapsids of Europe
Permian Russia
Fossils of Russia
Fossil taxa described in 1968
Taxa named by Leonid Petrovich Tatarinov


Luke Joseph Hooke (born Dublin in 1716; died in Saint Cloud, near Paris, 16 April 1796) was a controversial Irish theologian, representing in Paris the "Catholicism of the Enlightenment". The laws of civil society should be so designed, he argued, to enable individuals to conform, through their own free will, to the natural rights ordained by God.

Biography

Because of the Penal Laws which forbade Catholic education in Ireland, he was sent when young to Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, Paris, where he remained till he received the licentiate. He then entered the Sorbonne and graduated in 1736. In 1742 he was appointed to a chair of theology, and soon reportedly earned a high reputation for learning. On 18 November 1751, he presided at the defence of the thesis of Jean-Martin de Prades, which aroused violent protestations. Among other propositions, de Prades had advanced the notion that the origin of civil law is might, from which are derived all notions of just and of unjust, of good and evil; natural law is empirical; that revealed religion is only natural religion in its evolution; and that the healings attributed to Jesus Christ are doubtful miracles. Hooke claimed that he had not read the thesis, withdrew his signature, and demanded the condemnation of the propositions. De Prades was suspended by the faculty which publicly censured the syndic, the grand-maître, and Hooke, the three signatories. Cardinal de Tencin, visitor of the Sorbonne, in virtue of a lettre de cachet and of his own authority, deprived Hooke of his chair, 3 May 1752, and forced him to leave the Sorbonne.

In 1754 de Prades was pardoned by Benedict XIV, whereupon Hooke appealed to the cardinal and the papal secretary, but obtained only the recall of the lettre de cachet. Louis XV, however, granted him a pension. In 1762 he again presented himself for a chair and was appointed, in preference to a candidate of the Archbishop De Beaumont, who refused his sanction and withdrew his students from Hooke's lectures. In consequence Hooke addressed to him a letter (1763), pleading for more lenient treatment in view of the pardon granted to de Prades, and making a profession of faith on the points impugned in the thesis. The Sorbonne upheld him and appointed him one of the censors who condemned Rousseau's Emile: or, On Education.

Yet Hooke himself has been seen as "a representative of the Catholicism of the Enlightenment". Hooke proposed that laws (jus) should be designed so as to enable people to conform, of their own free will, to the natural rights (lex) ordained by God. In this, just polity and the true faith were one and the same.

As the archbishop was unyielding in the De Prades case, Hooke resigned his theological professorship and accepted the chair of Hebrew. Some years later he was made curator of the Mazarin library. He held this position till 1791, when the French Directory dismissed him for refusing to take the oath of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. He then withdrew to Saint-Cloud where he died in 1796.

Published works
Religionis naturalis et revelatæ principia (Paris, 1752), his principal work, which was edited for the third time and annotated by his friend Dom Brewer, O.S.B. (Paris, 1774), a treatise which is regarded by some as the foundation of the modern practice of Christian apologetics.
Lettre à Mgr. l'Archevêque de Paris (Paris, 1763);
Discours et réflexions critiques sur l'histoire et le gouvernement de l'ancienne Rome (Paris, 1770–84), a translation of his father's history of Rome;
Mémoires du Maréchal de Berwick (Paris, 1778), which he edited with notes;
Principes sur la nature et l'essence du pouvoir de l'église (Paris, 1791).
His Religionis principia is contained in Jacques Paul Migne's Cursus Theologiæ.

References

 cites:
Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator;
Joseph Gillow, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath., s. v.

External links
 https://archive.org/stream/irishecclesiast01unkngoog#page/n44/mode/2up

1716 births
1796 deaths
18th-century French Catholic theologians
University of Paris alumni
Irish emigrants to France
Victims of lettre de cachet


Lateral intermuscular septum may refer to:
 lateral intermuscular septum of arm
 lateral intermuscular septum of thigh


James Gordon is a Canadian singer-songwriter, known as a founding member of Tamarack. He has also released more than 20 solo albums.

Musical career

As a prolific songwriter, James Gordon is known for such diverse songs as "Sweaters for Penguins" and "Frobisher Bay".
He wrote the weekly song for the CBC Radio program Basic Black. He is proficient on a variety of instruments including guitar, piano, banjo and mandola.
His songs have been covered by other musical artists such as the Cowboy Junkies ("Mining for Gold") and Melanie Doane.

He has toured internationally in North America, the British Isles, Southeast Asia, and Cuba.

He is a co-founder of Guelph's annual Hillside Festival and was its first creative director, from 1985 to 1988. He also founded (and was the artistic director of) the Canadian Songwriters' Festival, and was a board member of the Ontario Council of Folk Festivals. Gordon is active in arts-, civics-, and environment-related causes in the Guelph region, for which he was given the Guelph Mayor's Award in 2008.

Politics

Provincial
He was the candidate for the Ontario New Democratic Party in the riding of Guelph in the 2011 Ontario provincial election but lost to incumbent Liz Sandals. He ran again in 2014 but once again lost to Liz Sandals.

Municipal
James Gordon declared his candidacy for Ward Two City Councillor in the city of Guelph, Ontario in the 27 October 2014 Guelph municipal election. Gordon was elected to serve alongside Andy Van Hellemond and plans to continue his activist pursuits such as touring his one-man show, "Stephen Harper: The Musical". Gordon was re-elected in 2018 Ontario municipal elections. Gordon announced his retirement from municipal politics in June 2022.

Discography

Tamarack

 Au Canada (1980)
 Wind River
 Spirit & Stone
 13
 Fields of Rock and Snow (1993)
 Frobisher Bay (1993)
 Leaving Inverarden (1995)
 Blankets of Snow (1998)

Solo recordings
 Looking for Livingstone (1987)
 Farther Along (1991)
 Hometown Tunes (1994)
 Dim Lights, Small City (1995)
 More Hometown Tunes (1997)
 Pipe Street Dreams (1999)
 Mining for Gold: Twenty Years of Songwriting (2002)
 Tune Cooties (2002)
 One Timeless Moment (2003)
 Endomusia (2004), includes "Weapons of Mass Instruction"
 Nine Green Bottles (2007), includes "Casey Sheehan Didn't Die for Nothing", credited to James Gordon and Sons
 My Stars Your Eyes (2009)
 Coyote's Calling   (2013), includes "Jack's Dream"
  “Sunny Jim” (2016) includes “This Canoe Runs on Water” &  “I’m        Just A Farmhouse” (SOCAN).

Folk operas (musicals)

James Gordon used to perform with David Archibald as "Jim and Dave", producing family-oriented musicals.
 Jim and Dave's Awesome Environmental Adventure (1990)
 Jim and Dave's Awesome Search for the Golden Toad (1992)
 Jim and Dave's Awesome Supernatural Camping Adventure (1993)

More recently, his work includes:
 Hardscrabble Road (2003)
 Two Steps and a Glass of Water (2005), which deals with mental illness and health, also a film by Glenn Curtis
 Tryst and Snout (2007)
 Stephen Harper: The Musical (2013)

Cinema
  "Mining for Gold" on the soundtrack of the film Silver City (2004)
 Two Steps and a Glass of Water

Electoral record

References

1955 births
Living people
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian folk singer-songwriters
Canadian anti–Iraq War activists
Canadian anti-war activists
Ontario New Democratic Party candidates in Ontario provincial elections
Guelph city councillors
Musicians from Guelph


Medial intermuscular septum can refer to:
 medial intermuscular septum of arm
 medial intermuscular septum of thigh


Áed Bennán mac Crimthainn (died 618) was a possible King of Munster from the Eóganacht Locha Léin branch of the Eoganachta. He was definitely king of West Munster or Iarmuman. He was the great-grandson of Dauí Iarlaithe mac Maithni also a possible king of Munster from this branch His byname bennán means "horned," so it may refer to a spiked or horned helmet that he wore. (The association of horns with cuckoldry did not exist until centuries later.)

There is some dispute in the sources as to his reign and that of Fíngen mac Áedo Duib (d. 618) of the Chaisil branch. The Annals of Tigernach call him King of Munster and place him before Fingin. The Annals of Ulster and Annals of Innisfallen do not give him a title at his death obit. In the Annals of  The Four Masters he is only king of Iarmuman.

In his death obit in the Annals of The Four Masters this is said of him

"Aedh Beannan,
of Eoghanacht Iar-Luachair,—
Woe to the wealth of which he was king!
Happy the land of which he was guardian.
His shield when he would shake,
his foes would be subdued;
Though it were but on his back,
it was shelter to West Munster"

According to the saga Mór of Munster and the Violent Death of Cuanu mac Ailchine his daughter Mór Muman (d. 636) was married to Fingen and later married his successor Cathal mac Áedo (d. 627), thereby transferring the kingship to him. Another daughter Ruithchern was the cause of a war between the Loch Lein and Glendamnach branches in the next generation. This war may reflect the extent of these branches' power at this time as compared to the Corco Loigde, Corco Duibne, and Ciarraige of Iarmuman; other subject tribes mentioned were the Corco Mruad and Corco Baiscinn of Thomond.

His known sons were Máel Dúin mac Áedo Bennán (d. 661) and Cummíne.

Notes

See also
Kings of Munster

References

 Annals of Tigernach at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Annals of the Four Masters at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Annals of Innisfallen at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Annals of Ulster at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
The Chronology of the Irish Annals, Daniel P. McCarthy
 Wiley, Dan M., Mor Muman, Cycles of the Kings

External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

Kings of Munster
Kings of Iarmuman
618 deaths
Nobility from County Limerick
People from County Kerry
People from County Cork
7th-century monarchs in Europe
7th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown


ESPN Canada may refer to one of the following:
 ESPN Classic (Canada)
 The Sports Network, an English cable station partially owned by ESPN in Canada
 Réseau des sports, a French cable station partially owned by ESPN in Canada


Trevor Raymond Sprigg (10 August 1946 – 17 January 2008) was an Australian politician and legislator from Western Australia, as well as a former football star. Sprigg, a member of the Liberal Party, was the Liberal Party legislative whip as well as the member for the electorate of Murdoch in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly.

Sprigg was elected to his seat in the Western Australian general election in 2005.

Personal life
Sprigg was born in Wagin, Western Australian in 1946 and was widely known as a sports enthusiast and athlete. He was a lifetime member of the East Fremantle Football Club and played a total of 152 League games for the club. Sprigg also worked at various other football clubs as a coach, chairman of selectors, captain and football manager. For example, he worked for the West Coast Eagles Football Club from 1990 to 1992. Sprigg also worked as a consultant to the Western Australian Football Commission during the planning and formation of the Fremantle Football Club.

Additionally, Sprigg worked for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, as well as several radio stations and newspapers, as a part-time columnist and football commentator. He was awarded an Australian Sports Medal in 2000.

Sprigg was married and had five children (Sharon, Natalie, Jarrod, Travis and Brett) and seven grandchildren.

Death
Trevor Sprigg died from a heart attack at Fremantle Hospital in Perth on 17 January 2008 at the age of 61.

His heart attack and subsequent death prevented him from attending a partyroom meeting that day which saw Troy Buswell replace Paul Omodei as Liberal leader.

References

External links
Trevor Sprigg's MP page
The Australian: Leader breaks down after shock death
Sunday Times: Murdoch MLA Trevor Sprigg dead at 61
ABC News: East Fremantle mourns loss of MP Sprigg

1946 births
2008 deaths
People from Fremantle
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia
East Fremantle Football Club players
William Leitch Medal winners
Glenorchy Football Club players
Glenorchy Football Club coaches
Australian rules football commentators
Australian sportsperson-politicians
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
People from Wagin, Western Australia
East Fremantle Football Club administrators
West Coast Eagles administrators
20th-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian politicians


The metropolitan area of Phoenix in the U.S. state of Arizona contains one of the nation's largest and fastest-growing freeway systems, with over 1,405 lane miles (2,261 km) as of 2005 (this was before construction on the Loop 303 started).

Due to the lack of any form of mass transit besides bus prior to 2008, the Phoenix Metropolitan Area has remained a very automobile-dependent city, with its first freeway opening in 1958—a year preceding most cities' first freeway openings. Coupled with the explosive growth of the region and adequate funding, the result is one of the nation's most expansive freeway networks.

The backbone of Phoenix's freeway system is composed of three major freeways—Interstate 10, Interstate 17, and U.S. Route 60. Interstate 10, being a transcontinental route between California and Florida, is the most heavily traveled freeway in the Valley of the Sun. Interstate 17 runs down the center of Arizona, connecting Phoenix with Sedona, Prescott, Flagstaff and the Grand Canyon. U.S. Route 60 spans most of the country, but is only a freeway for a few short stints, one of them being in the East Valley. West of Phoenix, it shuttles travelers to cities such as Wickenburg, Kingman and Las Vegas (by way of a connection in Wickenburg with U.S. Route 93). In addition to these three freeways, three beltways, Routes 101, 202, and 303 loop around Phoenix, the East Valley, and the West Valley, respectively. State Route 51 connects Downtown with the northern reaches of the city, and Arizona State Route 143 is a distributor for Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport.

There was significant local opposition in the 1960s and 1970s to expansion of the freeway system. Because of this, by the time public opinion began to favor freeway expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, Phoenix freeways had to be funded primarily by local sales tax dollars rather than diminishing sources of federal money; newer freeways were, and are, given state route designation as opposed to Interstate designation.  Primarily due to this, Phoenix is the largest city in the United States to have at least two Interstate Highways, but no three-digit Interstates.

Existing freeways

Interstate 10

Papago Freeway
This is Arizona's widest and most congested freeway, entering the metropolitan area on its western edge in the city of Buckeye as the Papago Freeway. It continues eastward through the cities of Goodyear, Avondale, and Tolleson; where it has an interchange with northbound Loop 101. Following Tolleson, I-10 reaches Phoenix's western city limits, and as it approaches downtown, there is a four-level symmetrical stack interchange with Interstate 17 known by locals as The Stack.

There are numerous construction projects along the Papago Freeway spanning both east and westbound from around Dysart Road in Avondale, to Verrado Way in Buckeye. The projects are expected to convert the current 4 lane divided freeway into a 6 to 10 lane divided freeway.  The main project is complete. Along with the anticipation of the completion of SR 30, traffic coming in and out of Phoenix is anticipated to be less congested, and easier to manage.

Inner Loop
Beyond The Stack, Interstate 10 proceeds eastward through a tunnel underneath Downtown.  The tunnel is locally called the Deck Park Tunnel, as Margaret T. Hance Park is located above.  Following the tunnel, it reaches the Mini Stack interchange with Loop 202 and SR 51. Turning southward at this interchange, I-10 runs adjacent to Sky Harbor International Airport before an interchange with the southern terminus of I-17.

History
Back in the 1960s, the initial plan to construct the Inner Loop involved an elevated freeway ten stories high. It also involved two "helicoil" interchanges. However, this proposal became very controversial among Phoenix residents and the Arizona Republic newspaper advocated against it. They were concerned that the proposed freeway would be costly, an eyesore, and various other reasons. Oppositions continually grew to the point when in 1973, a referendum was held. The majority of the Phoenix voters voted against the freeway; effectively striking down the elevated Papago Inner Loop.

A new plan to revive the once-killed Papago Inner Loop Freeway involved having a tunnel. However, in 1975, the new plan was unsuccessful as the majority of voters opposed it. However, it became a success in 1979 as the majority of voters supported it. Construction of the Inner Loop began in 1983 and was finished in August 1990. This completion made the freeway the final connection of the whole I-10.

Maricopa Freeway

After this second I-17 interchange, I-10 occupies the eastern leg of the Maricopa Freeway, presumably named after the Native American tribe for which the county is also named. It regains its primary eastward direction as it crosses the Salt River, but after meeting SR 143 it turns south again via the Broadway Curve, where it enters the city of Tempe.  There, an interchange with US 60 is located. The freeway enters its final city in the Valley of the Sun, Chandler, where Loop 202 intersects I-10 at another four-level symmetrical stack interchange before the Interstate enters the Gila River Indian Community and continues on through the undeveloped stretch of desert between Phoenix and the fast-growing town of Casa Grande before making its way southeast toward the Tucson metropolitan area.

Interstate 17

Black Canyon Freeway
I-17 enters the valley from the north as the Black Canyon Freeway, in the New River and Anthem area before a four-level interchange with Loop 101. It then continues directly southward on the 27th and 25th Avenue alignments in northern Phoenix, passing Metrocenter Mall as it heads directly for downtown. Another four-level stack awaits I-17 when it meets Interstate 10 immediately northwest of downtown at The Stack.

Maricopa Freeway
At Durango Street, in the segment of freeway known as the Durango Curve, the highway turns eastward, becoming the western leg of the Maricopa Freeway, and provides a southerly bypass of downtown before meeting I-10 again near Sky Harbor and terminating (the Maricopa Freeway, though, continues eastward with the I-10 designation). Interstate 17 was the Valley's first freeway, with maps showing a road built to Interstate Highway standards (of the era) by 1961, in some segments.

State Route 24

SR 24, the Williams Gateway Freeway, is located in southeast Mesa near the Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (after which the freeway was named). Although the plan is to connect the entire freeway to either US 60 or another highway alignment in western Pinal County, only a portion of the freeway between Loop 202 and Ironwood Drive has been constructed and was opened in August 2022.  The rest of the freeway is to be constructed as plans are finalized and funding becomes available.

The Williams Gateway Freeway (formerly SR 802) is currently under study in Pinal County; a public hearing on the draft environmental assessment was held in Fall 2010.

State Route 51

The Piestewa Freeway begins at the Mini Stack interchange with I-10 and Loop 202, and proceeds north through Phoenix towards Piestewa Peak (formerly known as Squaw Peak). After passing near Paradise Valley, Route 51 reaches its northern terminus at Loop 101.

This freeway was formerly known as the Squaw Peak Parkway, but since "Squaw" is regarded as a derogatory term for Native American women, the Arizona Board of Geographic and Historic Names rechristened the mountain "Piestewa" Peak after Lori Piestewa, a Native American woman who died in the conflict with Iraq. The name change was controversial, with some residents still referring to both the freeway and the landmark peak as Squaw Peak.

U.S. Route 60 (Superstition Freeway)

US 60 enters the Valley of the Sun within Pinal County borders in Apache Junction. After crossing into Maricopa County and into east Mesa, a four-level interchange dubbed the SuperRedTan awaits motorists. This interchange, completed in 2007, provides access to the Red Mountain and Santan Freeway segments of Loop 202. Continuing westward past the interchange, the freeway passes through the heart of Mesa before meeting Loop 101 and eventually duplexing with westbound I-10 near Tempe before beginning its concurrency with I-17 in Phoenix.

Loop 101

Agua Fria Freeway
Loop 101 begins in the city of Tolleson as the Agua Fria Freeway at a junction with Interstate 10. Proceeding northward through the West Valley cities of Glendale and Peoria, Loop 101 turns eastward along the Beardsley Road alignment. In the northern section of Phoenix, there is an interchange with Interstate 17, which is where the Pima Freeway segment begins.

Pima Freeway
Remaining eastbound, the freeway meets the northern terminus of Route 51, continues eastbound, and then turns southward, passing through the northern part of Scottsdale.  It then continues south along the relatively undeveloped border between Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community.  Loop 101 meets no freeways again until the Loop 202 four-level stack, which is located partially over the Salt River to create the state's longest bridge, at more than one mile in total length over water.

Price Freeway
Proceeding southward as the Price Freeway, Loop 101 enters Tempe and encounters a junction with US 60 before entering Chandler and terminating at Loop 202.

State Route 143

Originally signed as Business I-10, the Hohokam Expressway is a relatively short north–south freeway that runs east of Sky Harbor International Airport, between Loop 202 and Interstate 10. Its primary purpose is to distribute east side airport traffic from and to Eastbound Loop 202 and I-10 without utilizing stop-and-go surface streets.

A recently completed project added two new directional ramps for traffic directed to the airport and to southbound SR 143 destined for I-10 and reconstructed an existing loop ramp from northbound SR 143 to westbound Sky Harbor Boulevard. There are no additional plans to upgrade or reconstruct any portions of the nearly four-mile expressway.

Loop 202

Red Mountain Freeway
The Red Mountain Freeway begins at the Mini Stack junction with Route 51 and Interstate 10 before heading east into Tempe. Route 143 and Loop 101 intersect the Red Mountain Freeway at various points in the city prior to the road entering the northern reaches of Mesa, where it had temporarily ended at Power Road. The final segment of the Red Mountain Freeway from Power Road to University Drive opened on July 21, 2008. The freeway then continues due southward towards US 60, until it bisects it at the SuperRedTan Interchange, beyond which Loop 202 becomes the Santan Freeway.

During the early years of planning, the segment east of the Mini Stack was designated as the "East Papago Freeway" and extended to a proposed alignment that routed the freeway through the Papago Buttes and on into south Scottsdale along McDowell Road. However, after later revisions moved the (current) alignment to angle southeasterly along 52nd St and then skirt the north bank of the Salt River, the freeway was renamed the Red Mountain Freeway, avoiding confusion with the I-10 Papago Freeway and helping to more consistently identify with future extension to Mesa.

Santan Freeway
The Santan Freeway segment comprises the southern half of the partial beltway and begins at US 60, heading south into the town of Gilbert. Turning westward near Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, the freeway passes through Chandler with an interchange at the southern terminus of Loop 101. Loop 202 proceeds westward, following the Pecos Road alignment until meeting its current terminus at I-10—where an interchange was built with Loop 202 expansion westward in mind.

South Mountain Freeway
The South Mountain Freeway, officially the Congressman Ed Pastor Freeway, is a southerly bypass of Downtown Phoenix which runs along the southern edge of the Ahwatukee neighborhood of Phoenix and passes just to the south and west of South Mountain Park. It begins at the already complete traffic interchange of the Santan Freeway and Interstate 10. Heading west along the former Pecos Road alignment through Ahwatukee, the freeway straddles the border with the Gila River Indian Reservation. Turning northwest and eventually north, the freeway follows the 59th and 55th Avenue alignments north to its terminus with Interstate 10 (Papago Freeway) in west Phoenix.

This freeway has long been considered to be the missing link by the region's planners, who hope to better move regional traffic and provide a better option for vehicles to avoid metro Phoenix.

In March 2015, the Federal Highway Administration issued a Record of Decision selecting a build alternative. Freeway construction began in early 2016, with the Chandler Boulevard extension project to facilitate local access beginning in summer 2015. The freeway was planned to be open to traffic in late 2019 or early 2020. The Ed Pastor Freeway was officially opened on December 21, 2019.

Community opposition did exist, mainly from residents of Ahwatukee. While the Maricopa Association of Governments had considered building a limited access parkway or arterials along the freeway's proposed route, the eight-lane freeway concept ultimately was pushed by the region's planners to meet the traffic needs at close to the same cost. For most of 2010, the Gila River Indian Community, Maricopa Association of Governments, City of Phoenix, ADOT and others discussed movement of the alignment to tribal land, but no agreements were reached.

Loop 303

Loop 303 (Bob Stump Memorial Parkway) is a freeway in the west part of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, serving cities such as Surprise, Peoria, Glendale, and northern Phoenix. The freeway begins its southern terminus at Van Buren Street, one mile south of I-10. There is a stack interchange with I-10, and then the freeway continues north for 15 miles, passing through various arterial road interchanges. After the parclo interchange with U.S. 60, the route curves northeast for six miles, just north of Sun City West. The route then curves north for five miles through Peoria before turning back east for 10 miles to meet its northern terminus at an at-grade intersection with the I-17. Eventually, the at-grade intersection will be upgraded to a freeway-to-freeway interchange.

In the future, there will be an extension south of Van Buren Street to the planned SR 30 and possibly even further south to Interstate 11.

Northern Parkway

The Northern Parkway is a controlled-access parkway in Glendale, near Luke AFB. Beginning at an interchange with Loop 303, it follows the Butler Drive alignment (half a mile south of Olive Avenue) for about four miles until turning southeast to align with Northern Avenue right before its current terminus at Dysart Road. It is intended to relieve heavy traffic on Northern Avenue, some being contributed by the nearby military base.

Phase II plans for construction of the route between Dysart Road and Loop 101, including multiple grade-separated intersections, with a completely controlled-access interchange where it will meet with Loop 101. Construction is projected to start in 2015 or 2016. Phase III, which will run from Loop 101 to US 60, is currently unfunded with no construction dates set.

Cancelled and former highways

State Route 50

SR 50, the Paradise Parkway, was part of Proposition 300 in 1985 as State Route 317. On December 18, 1987, SR 317 was renumbered SR 50. SR 50 was removed from the system on December 15, 1994, when then governor Fife Symington made some funding cuts that included removal of the Paradise Parkway and Estrella Freeway from the system entirely. (The Estrella Freeway was re-added to the system when Proposition 400 was passed ten years later in 2004.) Route 50 will not be re-added to the system, because in February 1996 the ADOT auctioned off all the right-of-way it had purchased for the freeway, which was to be located between Agua Fria Freeway and Route 51 in the Central Valley. A similar, though not identical path with high capacity lanes is being taken by the modern Northern Parkway (Arizona) which is being funded by Maricopa County and the associated cities adjoining the roadway.

State Route 153

The Sky Harbor Expressway was a small remnant of the old northern alignment of Route 143. Beginning at Washington Street, the former expressway headed south, under the Union Pacific Railroad, to an interchange with the airport entrance, before a bridge over the Salt River parallel to and just a few hundred feet away from the bridge on Route 143. The former expressway then ended at University Avenue with no further planned extension to Interstate 10.

Route 153 was deleted from the Regional Transportation Plan starting in May 2007, and much of the western half of the original alignment was re-used as right-of-way for the Sky Train people mover at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. It is now an extension of 44th Street.

Other major highways

U.S. Route 60 (Grand Avenue)

US 60 westbound ends its duplex with I-17 at Thomas Road and heads west to the intersection with 27th Avenue, where it turns right before entering Grand Avenue, a diagonal surface street in the northwestern part of the Phoenix metro area.  US 60 continues 54 miles northwest to Wickenburg and is the only major surface street to not follow the grid system of Phoenix. This road predates significant city development and remains a primary transportation corridor.  The cities of Glendale, Peoria and Surprise were founded with their centers using Grand as their main road.  In the early 2000s, several major six-legged intersections were eliminated along Grand Avenue in Phoenix, Glendale, and Peoria to improve traffic flow. Complicating the design of these improvements and compounding the traffic woes they hoped to solve is the presence of the BNSF railroad, which closely parallels Grand to the south in Phoenix and Glendale and to the north between Peoria and Morristown.

State Route 74 (Carefree Highway)

Arizona State Route 74 is a two-lane highway that connects U.S. Route 60 in Morristown to I-17, passing through the Lake Pleasant Regional Park area.

State Route 85

Arizona State Route 85, currently the only non-freeway segment of the route connecting Phoenix with San Diego, is used as route for traffic to bypass the urban core of Phoenix, and has been identified by the state as a potential alignment of the CANAMEX Corridor through Arizona.  As such, future plans include fully upgrading the roadway to freeway status by converting existing at-grade intersections to controlled-access intersections, and preliminary study and engineering to create a full freeway-to-freeway interchange with Interstate 8 near Gila Bend is under way.  However, the current Regional Transportation Plan does not include funding for these improvements.

Beginning in 2002, work began on a phased implementation plan to upgrade Route 85 from a two-lane rural highway to a four-lane divided highway from its junction with Interstate 10 to just north of the town of Gila Bend.  The construction plan, which included a controlled-access intersection with Patterson Road and improvements to the junction with Route 238 in Gila Bend, was completed in 2010.

State Route 87

Arizona State Route 87, is currently the highway running from I-10 in Picacho, to SR-84 in Picacho, to SR-287 in Coolidge, to SR-387 near Coolidge, to SR-187 near Sacaton, to SR-587 in Chandler, to Loop 202 in Chandler, to US-60 in Mesa, to Loop 202 in Mesa, to SR-188 near Rye, to SR-260 in Payson, to SR-99 in Winslow, to I-40 in Winslow, to finally SR-264 in Second Mesa. As SR-87 travels through Chandler, it is designated as Arizona Avenue, while in Mesa, it's designated as Country Club Drive. Arizona State Route 87 is similar to SR-85 & SR-74, and it's also in Maricopa County.

Proposed and future freeways

Interstate 11

Interstate 11, the Hassayampa Freeway, is a proposed Interstate Highway in the United States to run from Casa Grande, Arizona, northwest to Las Vegas, Nevada, by way of Kingman, Arizona. The highway will parallel and/or upgrade existing U.S. 93 north of Wickenburg; south of Wickenburg, it will follow a new freeway near the Hassayampa River, turning Southeast near southern Goodyear, through Casa Grande and Interstate 10, and to its terminus with intersection of the proposed Pinal North-South Freeway near Coolidge. Interstate 11 is part of a long-range vision for the Valley's future transportation needs, as defined by the Maricopa Association of Governments and ADOT. Interstate 11 was approved June 30, 2012 as part of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act. In June 2013, a joint draft study commissioned by the respective DOTs of Arizona and Nevada concluded that the freeway was justified, citing benefits in travel, tourism, trade, and economic growth. The conclusion of the study further clears the way for Interstate 11's funding and implementation.

State Route 30 (Tres Rios Freeway)

The Tres Rios Freeway, has been proposed as an east–west freeway in an effort to move some West Valley motorists off of I-10 in an attempt to decrease traffic along that frequently congested Interstate. Its western beginning would be at Route 85, and it would run east to encounter proposed Loop 303, and continue through to Loop 202's South Mountain Freeway. From there it would continue east to a terminatus at Interstate 17 near downtown Phoenix at the Durango Curve. Construction of the proposed Route 30 (former SR 801) has been approved, and will begin sometime in the early 2020s based on funding and planning by the Maricopa Association of Governments. Following the approval of Interstate 11 in the 2012 Surface Transportation Act, a study for a Westward extension of SR 30 to I-11 will be conducted by MAG.

State Route 74 (Lake Pleasant Freeway)

Due to expected rapid growth in the northwestern reaches of the metropolitan area, long-term regional highway plans include acquisition of right-of-way for eventual future expansion of SR 74 to a freeway.

State Route 85 (future freeway from SR-30 to I-10)

The segment of SR-85 between Gila Bend to Buckeye is a connector between I-8 and I-10, and serves both as a connector from I-8 from San Diego to Phoenix. This segment is being upgraded to a divided highway, and is planned to become a freeway from SR-30 to I-10. Most of the 4-Lane road upgrades have already been completed.

Pinal North–South Freeway
ADOT is currently in the study phase of identifying a corridor for the planned Pinal North-South Freeway to serve expected growth in the Pinal County region of the Phoenix Metro area.  This future freeway would connect I-10 around Eloy with the Superstition Freeway (US 60) in Apache Junction, passing through Coolidge and Florence and intersecting with planned future alignments of the Hassayampa Freeway (I-11) and the Williams Gateway Freeway (SR 24).

White Tank Freeway
The White Tank Freeway is a new long-term freeway alignment designed to address expected rapid growth in the far northwest valley around Surprise and northern Buckeye.  The freeway will begin at the US 60 interchange with Loop 303 in Surprise, run concurrent with US 60 for several miles, then split off westward to connect with the planned future alignment of the Hassayampa Freeway (Interstate 11) west of Buckeye.

Named interchanges and features
The table below lists commonly used colloquialisms and nicknames for several interchanges and portions within the freeway system.

Funding
Phoenix has been expanding its highway system since 1985, when voters passed Proposition 300, which established a half-cent general sales tax to fund new urban freeways that were currently in the Regional Transportation Plan. At the time, this included the unbuilt or partially unbuilt: Sky Harbor Expressway, I-10, Route 51, Route 143, Loop 101, and Loop 202. Most of these were completed by 2005, with Loop 202 being in the final stage of construction.

In 1994, voters in Maricopa County voted against Proposition 400, which would have extended the half-cent sales tax extension from 2006 through 2016 had it been passed. Half of this additional funding would have been used for improvements in mass transit as well as new freeways. But because of the defeat, there was no funding beyond fiscal year 2006, regardless of if the Regional Transportation Plan was completed or not.

In 1996, the Maricopa Association of Governments Regional Council passed a series of bills provided funding for a Long Range Plan between fiscal years 2007 and 2015. The Red Mountain Freeway, Santan Freeway, and Sky Harbor Expressway segments, all of which were previously unfunded, became prioritized with construction commencing almost immediately.

In 1999, even more funding was given to accelerate construction of the Regional Transportation Plan by the State Legislature, which passed a bill called the "2007 Acceleration Plan". This bill forced the State Infrastructure Bank to assist in funds, which assisted in pushing the completion of Regional Transportation Plan forward to the end of 2007.

With the transportation tax set to expire in 2006, a revived Proposition 400 was put before the voters of Maricopa County in 2004, ten years after the original vote ended in failure.  Proposing an identical half-cent extension of the sales tax, the new proposition would extend the tax a full 20 years as opposed to the original 10.  Unlike its predecessor, the proposition passed by a wide 58-42% margin and established funding for several future projects including highways and mass transit.  A similar but much more wide-reaching proposal to enact a full one-cent sales tax increase over a 30-year period on a statewide level, much of which would have gone to funding Phoenix area projects, failed to qualify for the 2008 general election ballot due to issues with the petition.

However, the 1985 plan was not fully completed by 2007 due to the lingering unfinished segment of Loop 202 between University Drive and Power Road in Mesa, where work wrapped up on July 21, 2008.

Ramp metering
The Phoenix freeway system heavily utilizes ramp meters, with several currently installed in the metropolitan area located on I-10, I-17, Loop 101, Loop 202 (on the Red Mountain Freeway from I-10 to Gilbert Road, as well as at select interchanges on the SanTan Freeway from Dobson to Gilbert Road), SR 51, and US 60. Since their implementation in the 1980s, the goal of these has remained to "break up platoons" of cars by limiting the number that can enter a freeway at a time. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) states that this has been "tremendously successful".

Travel times program
On January 22, 2008, a test program was begun by ADOT which involved the placement of travel times to popular commuter destinations on variable message signs along inbound freeway routes during the morning peak hours and outbound routes in the evening. Initially, these signs were only activated on weekdays during peak travel hours (6am to 9am and 3pm to 7pm) and did not appear if there is a more urgent message to display; such as an Amber Alert or other emergency.  In late July 2015, the hours when travel times were displayed were extended.  Travel times are now displayed from 5am to 11pm on weekdays, and 7am to 9pm on weekends.

Logo signing program

Beginning in late 2013, several Phoenix area freeways began to receive logo signs at select exits, advertising food, lodging, gas, and attractions businesses.  This program was previously restricted only to rural highways within the state until the restriction was lifted in 2013, allowing the installation of these signs on most Phoenix area freeways and allowing increased revenue to the state.  As of December 2019, installation of logo signs on Phoenix area freeways is mostly complete, except for some non-freeway portions of Loop 303 and the Loop 202 Pastor Freeway.

Note that I-10 from Dysart Road westward, I-10 east of the Loop 202 SanTan Freeway interchange, I-17 north of the Loop 303 interchange, and US 60 east of the SuperRedTan interchange has had logo signs installed for many years, but have always been considered part of the state's rural logo sign program.  These segments have since been transitioned to the urban logo sign program in terms of pricing.

See also
 Transportation in Arizona
 Arizona Department of Transportation
 Valley Metro
 Maricopa Association of Governments

References

External links

 Urban Freeways - Arizona Roads

Freeways


Ericameria nana is a North American species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae known by the common names dwarf goldenbush and rubberweed. It is native to the western United States from eastern California, southeastern Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, and southwestern Montana.

Description
Ericameria nana grows along cliffs and rocky hillsides. This is a small shrub rarely reaching a maximum height of 50 cm (20 inches). It is covered in a foliage of sticky, curved, somewhat fleshy leaves about 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) long. The tips of its erect branches hold dense inflorescences of tiny flower heads with cream white to yellow disc and ray florets. There are rigid, intricately branched stems that are up to 3 decimeters tall. The spreading, alternate, leaves are either linear or narrowly lance-shaped. The leaves are between 10 to 15 millimeters long and are on the upper half of the stems. Clusters of small leaves are found on the principal leaf axils. Each flower head is between 6 to 9 millimeters high and have several straw-colored bracts. The 3 to 10 yellow rays are between 2 and 4 millimeters long. The bloom period is between the months of July to November.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California

nana
Flora of the Northwestern United States
Flora of California
Flora of Nevada
Flora of the Great Basin
Plants described in 1840
Taxa named by Thomas Nuttall
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Music Videos, also referred to as Music Videos I, is a compilation of music videos by the French singer Mylène Farmer, containing all of her videos from 1984 to 1992. It was originally released on VHS in April 1997, then on DVD in 2000. A LaserDisc edition, also released in 1997, combined this compilation with the following Music Videos II.

This VHS includes all videos (except "Maman a tort") from Farmer's first three albums: Cendres de lune, Ainsi soit je... and L'Autre... The DVD also includes the 1984 video for "Maman a tort", the videos of two live singles, and two behind-the-scenes features.

Track listing

DVD bonus features

Personnel
 Videos directed by Laurent Boutonnat
 Behind-the-scenes videos directed by François Hanss
 Music by Laurent Boutonnat
 "Libertine": music by Jean-Claude Dequéant
 "Maman a tort": music by Jean Dahan and Laurent Boutonnat
 Lyrics by Mylène Farmer
 "Libertine": lyrics by Laurent Boutonnat
 "Maman a tort": lyrics by Jean Dahan
 Music produced by Laurent Boutonnat

Certifications and sales

Charts

Note: The French Videos Chart started on October 4, 2003. This video album was probably ranked higher before.

References

Mylène Farmer video albums
1997 video albums


Burton Gorge Dam is located on the Isaac River at AMTD 280.3 km, about 40 km upstream of Moranbah, Queensland, Australia. North Goonyella Coal Properties has a licence to take 1,700 ML/year from the dam. Burton Gorge Dam is owned and operated by RAG Australia Coal subsidiaries.

See also

List of dams and reservoirs in Australia

References

External links
Department of Natural Resources and Mines

Reservoirs in Queensland
Buildings and structures in Central Queensland
Dams in Queensland


Works Progress Administration, formerly known by the working name The Scrolls, is an American supergroup led by Sean Watkins, Glen Phillips, and Luke Bulla.   They recorded their debut album with Benmont Tench (piano), Sara Watkins (fiddle), Greg Leisz (various instruments), Pete Thomas (drums), and Davey Faragher (bass). These members gained recognition in other musical projects such as Nickel Creek, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Elvis Costello and the Imposters, Fiction Family, and Toad the Wet Sprocket.

The project started in September 2007, when W.P.A began to record songs for an upcoming album release. In Sara Watkins' December 2007 MySpace blog, she said "we're hoping to nearly (finish) the record in the next few days. We're tracking live and trying to get as much down at one time as possible. It is a very satisfying way to record".

Their self-titled release debuted on August 28, 2009.  Some of the tracks from the self-titled debut include the Phillips-penned tracks "Rise Up", "You Will Always Have My Love", and "End This Now", as well as a Luke Bulla/Glen Phillips collaboration entitled "Cry For You".  "Not Sure", one of three Sean Watkins track that is featured, was originally released on the Fiction Family album. The Works Progress Administration version features Luke Bulla giving a rich voice to the melody as well as the fuller orchestration.

Discography
WPA
Released August 28, 2009

 "Always Have My Love" – 4:12 (G. Phillips)
 "Good As Ever" – 3:08 (Phillips)
 "Cry For You" – 4:02 (L. Bulla and G. Phillips)
 "Rise Up" – 4:05 (Phillips)
 "Paralyzed" – 2:29 (Sean Watkins)
 "Remember Well" – 4:55 (L. Bulla)
 "End This Now" – 3:08 (Phillips)
 "Already Gone" – 3:48 (Watkins)
 "I Go To Sleep" – 3:16 (Ray Davies)
 "Not Sure" – 3:07 (Watkins)
 "A Wedding or a Wake" – 2:24 (Phillips)
 "The Price" – 4:23 (B. Tench)

4X4
Released March 5, 2011

 "Solar Flare" – 4:13 (Phillips)
 "Don't Say You Love Me" – 3:22 (Watkins)
 "It's Over Now" – 2:47 (Phillips)
 "Wild Side" – 2:40 (Watkins)

References

External links
 Works Progress Administration
 Works Progress Administration collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

Musical groups established in 2007
American supergroups


"One in a Million" is a song by Australian dance-pop act Euphoria. The track was released on 19 April 1992 and later appeared on their debut album, Total Euphoria. The song became the group's second single to reach number one on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart.

Track listing
Australian CD single
 "One in a Million" (7-inch radio edit) (3:53)
 "One in a Million" (12-inch mix) (5:53)
 "One in a Million" (dub mix) (3:54)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certification

References

External links
Official video
Live version of "One In a Million" from The Steve Vizard Show

1992 singles
1992 songs
EMI Records singles
Euphoria (Australian band) songs
Number-one singles in Australia
Songs written by Andrew Klippel


Teviot Creek Dam is a dam in North Queensland, Australia. It is located on Teviot Creek, a tributary of the Isaac River, upstream of the Burton Gorge Dam. Burton Coal Pty Ltd has a licence to take 1,500 ML/year from the dam. The monthly supply reliability based on a relatively short period of record is thought to be 100%. This does not account for the current critical period and the supply should not necessarily be relied on in future. Teviot Creek Dam is owned and operated by RAG Australia Coal subsidiaries.

See also

List of dams and reservoirs in Australia

References

External links
Department of Natural Resources and Mines

Reservoirs in Queensland
North Queensland
Dams in Queensland


Elvis Álvarez (February 2, 1965 - July 16, 1995) was a Colombian professional boxer in the flyweight division.

Boxing career
Álvarez turned professional in 1985 and captured the vacant WBO flyweight title with a decision win over Miguel Mercedes in 1989, and quickly vacated his title in March 1990 due to lack of interest in belt. In 1991 he captured the WBA flyweight title with a decision win over Leopard Tamakuma, but lost it in his first defense to Yong-Kang Kim. In 1994, in his only American appearance, he lost a twelve-round decision to Junior Jones for the WBA bantamweight title. It was to be his last fight.

Murder
Álvarez was shot to death on July 16, 1995, in Medellín, Colombia.

References

External links

1965 births
1995 deaths
Colombian murder victims
Male murder victims
Flyweight boxers
Super-flyweight boxers
World Boxing Association champions
World Boxing Organization champions
World flyweight boxing champions
Deaths by firearm in Colombia
People murdered in Colombia
Sportspeople from Medellín
Colombian male boxers
20th-century Colombian people


Paul Baccanello (born 12 June 1979, in Adelaide) is a former Australian professional tennis player. He sustained various injuries during his career, which hampered his results.

Career
Baccanello managed to qualify for the main draw at Wimbledon in 2003. He defeated former top 100 player Ivo Heuberger in the first round, before falling in a tight four set match to Croatian Ivo Karlović in the second round. As a result, he earned a career best prize-money of over $23,000 and rose 37 places in the ATP rankings. In arguably his best performance to date, he did manage to reach the semi-finals of the Challenger event at Segovia in 2003, where he played Rafael Nadal. In a close match, Baccanello took Rafael to a tie-break in the first set, before Nadal took control in the second set, winning 7–6, 6–4. His career high singles ranking of 129 was achieved on 3 November 2003, after other strong performances on the Challenger circuit.

Baccanello currently has a 2–8 ATP record and has earned a total of $261,855 prize money in his career.

Challenger and Futures Finals

Singles: 16 (4–12)

Doubles: 16 (9–7)

Performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

Record against other players

Record against top 10 players
Paul Baccanello's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who are active in boldface. Only ATP Tour main draw and Davis Cup matches are considered:

Record against players ranked No. 11–20
Active players are in boldface.

  Nicolas Escudé 0–1
  Feliciano López 0–1
  Ivo Karlović 0–1

References

External links

  (archive)

1979 births
Living people
Australian male tennis players
Australian people of Italian descent
Hopman Cup competitors
Tennis players from Adelaide
Sportsmen from South Australia


Tristán Ulloa (born 6 May 1970) is a Spanish actor, writer, and director.

Career
He was born in Orléans and lived with his Spanish grandparents exiled in France. He spent his teenage years in Vigo, Galicia. His mother, Esther San Román, lives in Hortaleza, Madrid as of 2005. Ulloa graduated from the Lycée Français de Madrid.

He has appeared in numerous films, notably Lucía y el sexo (Sex and Lucía), a 2001 Spanish drama film, written and directed by Julio Médem, with Paz Vega.

On 18 March 2019, it was announced that Ulloa was cast as Father Vincent in the upcoming Netflix fantasy series, Warrior Nun.

Personal life
He tested positive for COVID-19 in March 2020 and subsequently made a full recovery.

Filmography

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Male actors from Galicia (Spain)
Spanish male television actors
Spanish male film actors
Spanish film directors
20th-century Spanish male actors
21st-century Spanish male actors


Audignicourt () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Audignicourt is located some 20 km southeast of Noyon and 20 km northwest of Soissons. It can be accessed on the D563L road from Nampcel in the west and continuing east to Vassens. The D650 road also serves the commune and village branching off the D935 in the north. The southern and western borders of the commune are also the border between the departments of Aisne and Oise.

The commune is traversed by the Ru de Moulins stream from west to east and the commune is quite extensively forested around an extended area surrounding the stream. The rest of the commune is farmland with no other hamlets or villages.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Audignicourt

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Audignicourt on the old IGN website
Audignicourt on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Audignecourt on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Audigny () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Audigny is located some 22 km east of Saint-Quentin and 35 km north of Laon. It can be accessed by the D946 highway from Guise in the north passing through the heart of commune and continuing to Le Hérie-la-Viéville in the south, but without passing through Audigny village. The village is reached on road D37 branching southeast off the D946 through the village and continuing southeast to Puisieux-et-Clanlieu. The D586 also passes through the west of the commune from north to southwest. The commune consists entirely of farmland with no other villages or hamlets.

There are no identifiable streams or rivers in the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History

Audigny was known as Aldiniacum in 1065, Aldinisia in 1161, Aldigni in 1165, and Auldigny in 1530. The name comes from a Germanic form of Aldinus derived from the Latin Albus meaning "White".

Albanus (Aldanus) was the name of a saint who lived near London at Verulanium in the 3rd century (now called Saint Albans). A soldier in the army of Diocletian, he returned home to England where he hosted a Christian missionary who was sought by local police. Converted in one night he gave his clothes to the missionary who managed to escape. Shortly after he was arrested for refusing to sacrifice to idols and he was immediately beheaded in 287. His fame and miracles arrived in France where many parishes adopted the saint as protector. His feast day is 22 June - the summer solstice.

The commune land in the 11th century belonged to various religious communities who venerated the saint and gave his name to the hamlet then the parish that was established in the area.

In 1918, after heavy fighting at Louvry's Farm, the village was liberated on 5 November 1918 at 6:30am by the 70th and 115th Infantry Battalions.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Audigny

Population

Sites and Monuments
The Château de l'Étang (16th century) is registered as an historical monument.
The Parish Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul contains a number of items that are registered as historical objects:
An Altar Painting: The Resurrection of Christ (1835)
The main Altar, Tabernacle, and Retable (18th century)
A Restoration style Chair (19th century)
A Grotto of Lourdes with statues of the Virgin and Saint Bernadette Soubirous (19th century)
A pair of Stools (19th century)
A Cross: Christ on the Cross (18th century)
A Baptismal font (15th century)

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Audigny on the old National Geographic Institute website
Bell Towers website
Audigny on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Audigny on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Aulnois-sous-Laon (, literally Aulnois under Laon) is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Aulnois-sous-Laon is located some 30 km southeast of Saint-Quentin and 5 km due north of Laon. The A26 autoroute passes through the northeastern part of the commune but has no exit in the commune. The D967 road also passes through the commune from Crecy-sur-Serre in the north continuing to Laon in the south. The village can be accessed by the D541 branching west from the D967 passing through the village and continuing west to Vivaise. The D545 road also come from the south through the village and continues northeast to Barenton-Bugny. The commune is predominantly farmland with a little forest.

The Ru d'Alnois rises south of the village and flows northeast changing to the Ruisseau de Longuedeau and forming the northeastern border of the commune before continuing northeast joining the Ru des Barentons which eventually joins the Souche river at Barenton-sur-Serre.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Aulnois-sous-Laon

Population

Sights
Two sites in the commune are registered as historical monuments:
The remains of an old Feudal Castle (13th century)
The Park around the Castle

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Aulnois-sous-Laon official website
Aulnois-sous-Laon on the old National Geographic Institute website
40000 bell towers website
Aulnois-sous-Laon on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aulnois on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Autremencourt () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography

Location
Autremencourt is located some 35 km east by southeast of Saint-Quentin and 25 km northeast of Laon. It can be accessed by the D64 road from La Neuville-Bosmont in the east passing through the heart of the commune and the village and continuing west to Toulis-et-Attencourt.  The commune can also be accessed by the D24 road from the north passing to the east of the village and continuing south to Pierrepont. The commune is mostly farmland with a few small forests to the north-east. There are no other villages or hamlets.

The land area of the commune is 897.27 hectares, which is divided as follows:
857.50 hectares of arable land,
98.49 hectares of gardens and orchards,
93.50 hectares of woodland,
5.22 hectares of vacant land, roads, and paths
2.56 hectares of quarries, and watering holes

As for the land bordering Autremencourt there are Voyenne and Marle in the east, Montigny-sous-Marle in the north-east, La Neuville-Bosmont in the east, Cuirieux in the south-east, Vesles-et-Caumont in the south, and Toulis-et-Attencourt in the west.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
Shards of pottery, Roman tiles, and medals bearing the image of the emperors have been discovered in the locality of Jardins de Certeau in the territory of Autremencourt but the name of the locality (Ostremoncourt) is mentioned for the first time in 1018 in an Adalberon charter and it was in the 12th century that the first lord of the manor, Renaud de Bidane appeared.

He was succeeded by his son, Bernard, then by his son, Raoul, who came into conflict with the monks of the Abbey of Saint-Martin, and Thomas who lived in an era of war in the Greek fortress of Salona. They were the pioneers of a noble lineage of autremencourt whose profession was arms in the service of the king of France such as Yvon Bove (in 1593), companion of Balagny de Montluc and Jehan de Perponcher who died in 1613. The lords of the region often operated on the battlefield (Stoppa, for example), while Beat de Saxer occupied his lordship during the revolutionary period.

From the 14th to the 17th centuries (the Hundred Years' War, religious wars, Thirty Years' War, Spanish wars, and Dutch wars), Laon was constantly the most devastated in the history the outposts of Autremencourt suffered the common fate (attack on the night of 5 to 6 June 1652).

From the 18th century, the archives are more detailed on the daily lives in Autremencourt; on properties, businesses, housing, lawsuits and various facts.

In 1791, the commune of Autremencourt absorbed the neighbouring commune of Eraucourt by order of the Director of the Department dated 21 October 1791.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors of Autremencourt

Mayors from 1938

Population

Sites and Monuments
The Fortified church at the foot of the Lord's Castle
The Chateau of Autremencourt, a lordship dating from the 12th century. The buildings were destroyed by war and rebuilt regularly until the mid 19th century. It was the Micberth family home.
Château du Vieux Gué, built in the 19th century on the site of the fief of the same name by Meunier de Varlemont. Brigitte Ramolino de Coll Alto, a descendant of the family of Maria-Létizia Ramolino, the mother of Napoleon Bonaparte and proprietor of the Castle through her husband Stanislas Breval undertook beautification efforts, but unfortunately died prematurely. Today the property belongs to the Papillons blancs, Savart foundation
The Chateau of the fief of Lorisse, a Folly, (also known as Chateau Richard), was built in the 19th century and destroyed by fire in the 20th century.

Notable people linked to the commune
Thomas Autremencourt (1188) took part in the Fourth Crusade in Greece and became the first Lord of Salona or La Sole (near Delphi between Parnassus and the Gulf of Corinth). He settled in the ancient acropolis of Amphissa and dwelt in the Byzantine fortress. He built a powerful castle occupying an important strategic position.
Louis-Alexandre Stoppa of Autremencourt, was appointed major of the regiment of guards, with a captain's commission on 20 July 1695. He was awarded the Order of Saint Louis on 20 February 1700 and three years later, after the resignation of Jean-Baptiste Stoppa, he received half of the tenth company. His wife was Elisabeth-Louise Lottin de Charny, youngest daughter of Nicolas-Louis François Lottin, Count of Charny, President of the Court of aids in Paris and Louise Larcher, his first wife. He died on 6 September 1717.
Pierre-Alexandre Stoppa, youngest son of Louis-Alexandre, knight, lord of Autremencourt, Corneil, Rebais, and other places. He was captain of the regiment of the Swiss Guards of the King, as was his father. He paid homage, as heir of his father on 26 July 1731 and took up his office on 19 January 1733. His wife was Jeanne-Marguerite Gloutz, the daughter of Jean-Victor Gloutz, Knight of Saint-Louis and himself Captain-lieutenant in the regiment of Swiss Guards and a member of the Grand Council of Solothurn, a city of the Swiss Confederation located on the Aar. They had two daughters, Agnes-Marguerite and Angélique-Madeleine Stoppa, who were maids of Autremencourt.
Augustin Gabriel, Count of Aboville, peer of France, born 20 March 1774 in La Fere, of the Picardy branch of the family. He was a distinguished soldier and, like many of his predecessors such as Stoppa, was often in the field at the head of his troops on the land of Autremencourt. He "Came as a lieutenant in the artillery in 1789 and earned all his degrees by brilliant services in Germany, Italy, Holland, Portugal and Spain in 1813. Appointed brigadier in 1809 and an officer of the Legion of Honour, he was made commander on 23 June 1810, Knight of the Iron Crown in 1807, and Knight of Saint Louis in 1814. His marriage was contracted on 25 July 1816 with Miss Caroline-Nathalie de Drouin de Rocheplatte, daughter of the Count of Rocheplatte officer of the Legion of Honour, Mayor of Orleans and a Deputy of Loiret under the Restoration. He died in Pau on 15 October 1832. He had two sons and transmitted the legacy of his peerage prematurely to the eldest on 15 August 1820". His second son, Auguste-Ernest, Viscount of Aboville, was born in Paris on 4 December 1819, Augustine-Gabriel and  Caroline-Nathalie de Drouin de Rocheplatte, decommissioned artillery lieutenant, Mayor of Glux (1858-1861), a member for Loiret of the National Assembly (1871), died at the beginning of the 20th century. He inherited Autremencourt Castle on the death of his father and sold it in 1844 to people  from Crecy-sur-Serre
Jules-Ernest Pasquier, a former MP for Aisne, Mayor of Autremencourt (1898-1910), was elected MP on 22 September 1889 under the label of conservative revisionist in "the union of the right" cemented by Georges Boulanger. He died on 11 March 1928 and was buried in the cemetery of the commune
Michel-Georges Micberth, writer, poet, pamphleteer, editor of the series Monographs of towns and villages of France, The History Book for Lorisse

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Bibliography
Barthélémy Dominique. Origins of feudal Laon, settlement and foundation of lordships in the 11th and 12th centuries. Departmental Archives of Aisne.
Dewatine (Fulgenne). Monograph (Reply to geographical survey) dedicated to Autremencourt. 1883.
Autremencourt (History of), Monographs of the towns and villages of France by Francois Richard, 2002, 14x20, br., 394 p.
Feudal Laon - Volume III by Maxime de Sars, 1997, reprint, 1929 20X30, BR, 790 pp.
Marle: History of the town and environs by Coët (Emile) and Lefevre (Charles), Ed. 1897, Repr. The History Book, 1993.

External links
Autremencourt on the old National Geographic Institute website
Bell Towers website
40000 Bell Towers website
Autremencourt on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Autremencour on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Autreppes () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France and in the natural region of Thiérache.

Geography
Autreppes is located some 35 km east by northeast of Saint-Quentin and 15 km west of Hirson.  It can be accessed by the D31 road running from Saint-Algis in the west through the heart of the commune and the village and continuing east to Etreaupont. There are also many country roads covering the commune and accessing it from all directions. The commune consists entirely of farmland.

The Oise river traverses the northern part of the commune from east to west. Only one stream flows into it from the north in the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
The area was called Altripia in 876. Autreppes was part of the former royal estate given to the Abbey of Saint-Denis in 915. Then the village of Autreppes became a lordship until the French Revolution. In 1790 the commune was part of the Canton of Marly in the district of Vervins but in 1801 became part of the Canton of Vervins in the Arrondissement of Vervins.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Autreppes

Population

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
A Schoolteacher's House at 10 Rue Bernard-Lefèvre (1823)
A Railway Station at Rue du Gîte (1909)
A Spinning Mill at 13 Rue Jean-Pierre-Lefèvre (1850)
A House at 4 Rue Jean-Pierre-Lefèvre (1804)
The Town Hall / School at Place de la Mairie (1879)
A Farmhouse at 24 Rue de Vervins (1865)

Other sites of interest
The Axe Vert (Green Axis) is a hiking trail built on the old Guise-Hirson railway trackbed which forms part of the GR 122 walking trail.

Religious heritage

The commune has two religious buildings that are registered as historical monuments:
A former Presbytery (1778)
The Parish Church of Saint-Hilaire (1632) The Church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
A Rock Frame (18th century)
A Chasuble, Stole, Maniple, and a Chalice cover (19th century)
An Altar Painting: Assumption (16th century)
A Painting: Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple (17th century)
A Reliquary Cross of Saint Hilaire of Poitiers (1758)
A Cross: Christ on the Cross (18th century)
A Confessional Door (18th century)
A Statue: Virgin and child called Our Lady of Victories (19th century)
A Funeral Cross for François Demarle (1814)
A Tabernacle (17th century)
A set of 2 Consoles (18th century)
A set of 6 Stained glass windows of people (1961)
A Stained glass window: Saint Augustin (Bay 7) (19th century)
A set of 4 Pews (18th century)

The Church Picture Gallery

Other religious sites of interest
An oratory

Notable people linked to the commune
Bernard and Jean-Pierre Lefèvre - two young people killed during the war in Algeria. The two main streets of the commune are named after them.

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links

Autreppes on the old National Geographic Institute website
Terascia, a website dedicated to Thiérache
40000 Bell Towers website
Autreppes on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Autreppe on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Azy-sur-Marne (, literally Azy on Marne) is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Azy-sur-Marne is located 4 km southwest of Château-Thierry and 20 km east of Montreuil-aux-Lions. It can be accessed by the D969 road from Essômes-sur-Marne in the north through the village then west through the commune and continuing south to Romeny-sur-Marne. There is also a country road going west to Mont de Bonneil. The commune is almost entirely farmland with small forests in the north and west. The commune is within the Appellation d'origine contrôlée zone of Aisne Champagne.

The southern border of the commune consists of the Marne river with no other identifiable watercourses in the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
The village was severely damaged in the battles of the Marne in World War I.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Azy-sur-Marne

Population

Sites and Monuments

The commune has two sites that are registered as historical monuments:
The Church of Saint Felix (12th century)
The Chateau Park

Other sites of interest
the Mercier Vineyard for Moët & Chandon Champagne

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Azy-sur-Marne on the old National Geographic Institute website
Bell Towers website
Azy-sur-Marne on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Azy on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Bancigny () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography

Bancigny is located some 50 km northeast of Laon and 12 km east by southeast of Vervins. It can be accessed by the D747 road from Plomion in the northwest which then continues east to Jeantes. There is also country road access from west, south, and north. Apart from the village the commune is entirely farmland with no other villages or hamlets.

The commune is traversed by the Huteau stream from east to west north of the village and bordering the Mill Farm northwest of the village.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History

Bancigny was called Bancegnies on a map dated 1205 and at that time the area was a lordship. The Bancigny area was made a County in 1590. During the French Revolution, Bancigny became a commune in the Canton of Plomion in the district of Vervins. In 1801 the commune was transferred to the Canton of Vervins in the Arrondissement of Vervins.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Bancigny

Population

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The commune has a number of buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
A Farmhouse at Place de l'Eglise (18th century)
A Farmhouse at 2 Route de Jeantes (18th century)
A Farmhouse at Le Moulin (1808)
A Mill and Farmhouse at Le Moulin (1925)

Religious heritage

The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
The Fortified Church of Saint-Nicolas (16th century). The symmetry of the two towers can no longer be seen as the upper part of each defence tower was leveled in the period 1900-1905 as evidenced by postcards of the period. The Church contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
A Group Sculpture: Christ on the Cross between the Virgin and Saint John (16th century)
A Baptismal font (12th century)

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Bancigny on the old National Geographic Institute website
Terascia, a specialised website for the Thiérache region
Bell Towers website
40000 Bell Towers website
Bancigny on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Bancigny on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Barenton-Bugny () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Barenton-Bugny is located some 5 km north by northwest of Laon and 8 km south of Crecy-sur-Serre. The Autoroute des Anglais (A26 autoroute) passes through the commune, and there is an exit just south of the commune to National Highway N2 which passes north-east through the commune. From National Highway N2 the commune can be accessed on road D546 going north to the village then continuing northwest to intersect the D545 going north to Barenton-Cel. The D513 also goes east from the village to Monceau-le-Waast. There is also the D967 road which passes north–south through the western edge of the commune. Apart from the village and a few patches of forest the commune is entirely farmland with no other villages or hamlets.

The northwestern border of the commune is delineated by the Ruisseau de Longedeau which flows into the Ru des Barentons and continues north changing its name a few times before joining the Souche river.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Barenton-Bugny

Population

Sites and Monuments

The Church of Saint Martin (12th century) is registered as an historical monument.

Picture Gallery

Notable People linked to the commune
René Blondelle, Senator for Aisne and one of the largest postwar farmers in Barenton-Bugny.

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Barenton-Bugny on the old IGN website
Bell Towers website
40000 Bell Towers website
Barenton-Bugny on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Baranton Bugny on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne


Barenton-Cel () is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

Geography
Barenton-Cel is located some 10 km north by northeast of Laon and 40 km southeast of Saint-Quentin. It can be accessed by the D547 road from Verneuil-sur-Serre in the northeast continuing southwest through the commune and the village to Aulnois-sous-Laon in the southwest. There is also the D545 road from Barenton-Bugny on the southeastern border. The commune consists entirely of farmland with no other villages or hamlets.

The Ru des Barentons stream forms the southeastern border of the commune and flows northeast to join the Souche river in the north.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Barenton-Cel

Population

Picture Gallery

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links
Barenton-Cel on the old IGN website
Bell Towers website
40000 Bell Towers website
Barenton-Cel on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Baranton Cel on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aisne