Flow is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Terence Blanchard, released on June 7, 2005 by Blue Note Records. The album was nominated for a "Best Jazz Instrumental Album" Grammy Award in 2005.

Background
This disc is imbued with a dark-hued melancholy that really comes to the fore on a pair of elegant, shape-shifting ballads—"Benny's Tune", featuring Hancock on piano, and "Over There".

Reception
Mike Joyce of The Washington Post stated "Flow, Blanchard's new CD, is proof that those salutary effects haven't worn off despite some personnel changes. A worthy follow-up to the ensemble's previous release, Bounce, Flow is more multifaceted than its title suggests, embracing modal harmonic forms as well as flat-out swing, southern soul grooves and West African beats, acoustic textures and synth-triggered shadings. The title cut, though, serves as the album's spine. Divided into three parts and punctuated by other performances, it finds the ensemble pared to a quartet, exploring everything from clattering blues to brassy exultations and Crescent City funk. JazzTimes review by Nate Chinen observed, "Blanchard has crafted a stirring and soulful contemporary outing and one of the strongest albums of his distinguished career. Flow is, start to finish, an ensemble effort. Each of Blanchard’s musicians plays a critical role in the group’s expansive sound, and each contributes a song or two."

Vincent Thomas of Allmusic wrote "...Flow exhibits that no one better balances traditionalism, provincialism and contemporary aesthetics like Blanchard. This is almost immediately evident and highlighted on "Wadagbe," the album's third cut. Blachard's instantly recognizable, clarion-call horn-tone is still there, as is the native New Orleanian's homage to the Nola stomp and mardi gras Indian chants, plus a classically lyrical jazz-head and an end-song coda that singes. Guitarist Lionel Loueke, still in his early 30s at the time, wrote "Wadagbe" and Benny Golson tribute "Benny's Tune." Young drummer Kendrick Scott wrote album-standout "The Source." In fact, Blanchard handles sole writing duties of just one song on the album, "Wandering Wonder," allowing his younger sidemen's voices to shine. It is this young energy that keeps Blanchard and the album's producer, Herbie Hancock, sounding so vibrant and current. Hancock, years into receiving Social Security, turned in the piano solo of the year on "The Source"—a percussive display so cerebral, violent and dramatic that it almost defies belief. Few of Blanchard's Young Lion peers from the 1980s are still relevant in any fresh way, which makes Flow, together with its predecessor Bounce, such a revelation. Blanchard isn't stuck making 60s tribute albums or recycling the sound of his youth. Instead, he's hooking up with the hip kids, sometimes directing traffic, sometimes going with the Flow."

Track listing

Personnel
For four days in mid-December 2004, the trumpeter worked with his sextet at the Jim Henson Studios in Hollywood, California. Tracking the sessions at Henson was engineer Don Murray, who has a relationship with Blanchard dating back to 1995, when the trumpeter scored Kasi Lemmons' film Eve's Bayou.

 Terence Blanchard – trumpet
 Aaron Parks – keyboards
 Brice Winston – tenor and soprano saxophones
 Derrick Hodge – bass
 Lionel Loueke – guitar, vocals
 Kendrick Scott – drums
 Herbie Hancock – piano on "Benny's Tune", "The Source"
 Gretchen Parlato – vocals on "Over There", "Child's Play"

Chart performance

References

Notes
 Terence Blanchard - Flow
 Best of New Orleans: Going With the Flow

Terence Blanchard albums
2005 albums
Blue Note Records albums


The transverse or [anterior] meniscomeniscal ligament is a ligament in the knee joint that connects the anterior convex margin of the lateral meniscus to the anterior end of the medial meniscus.

It is divided into several strips in ten percent of subjects and its thickness varies considerably in different subjects.

Function
When the knee is being extended the ligament prevents the anterior horns of the menisci from moving forward, and the condylar surfaces of the femur and tibia from exerting pressure on the menisci.
It has a restricting effect on anterior-posterior excursion of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus at lower degrees of knee flexion.

Prevalence of meniscomeniscal ligaments
The transverse ligament is reported in 58 per cent of subjects and is thus the most prevalent of four described meniscomeniscal ligaments.  The other ligaments, all three of which are reported with a frequency of less than 4 per cent, are the posterior transverse ligament, described as a bundle of fibers connecting the posterior horns of the menisci; and the medial and lateral oblique ligaments, both of which originate on the anterior horn of their namesake meniscus, passes between the cruciate ligaments, and attaches to the posterior horn of the opposite meniscus.  None of the oblique ligaments have a known function.

Formation
The formation of the transverse ligament has been investigated in human embryos aged 7–8 weeks (stages 18–23).  At the early end of the range (stage 19), condensation of the mesenchymal interzone of the knee joint (i.e. the area of densely packed cells indicating the location of the future joint) was recognizable, and near the end of the range (stage 22) clearly visible cellular primordium of the ligament connected to both menisci was observed before all major intraarticular elements were finally evident (stage 23).

Notes

Additional Images

References

  (PubMed abstract)

External links
  ()

Knee ligaments


CVJ may refer to:

 Chavaj railway station (station code), Gujarat, India
 Cuernavaca Airport (IATA code), Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
 Constant-velocity joint


Residual-excited linear prediction
 Reliable Event Logging Protocol for data logging in computer networks
 Real Estate Limited Partnership
 Real Estate Lenders Policy
 Regenerating protein-like protein
 Real-e-live-People
 Rassemblement des Étudiants Libanais à Paris
 Relationship Pattern


The United Kingdom v Iran [1952] ICJ 2 (also known as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case) was a public international law dispute between the UK and Iran. This case concerned the nationalization of Iran's oil which had been, in large part, controlled by the United Kingdom since the early 20th century.

Background
The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (formerly the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and currently BP) had been drilling for oil in Iran since 1913. In 1908, a British venture capitalist discovered oil in southern Iran. Throughout the early 20th century, the ruling Pahlavi government made various concessions with the British that gave the UK control over certain elements in the Iranian economy, the 1901 D'Arcy Concession being the earliest of these oil concessions. In 1933, another concession was made which extended the terms of the D'Arcy Concession by 32 years, from 1961 until 1993 and altered how revenue was allocated. The concession would later stoke discontent within Iran.

When Mohammad Mosaddeq became Iran's prime minister in 1951, his National Front party sought to nationalize Iran's oil industry and succeeded in doing so. This then led to the case of United Kingdom v. Iran being taken up by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Facts of the Case
The UK alleged that the Iranian oil nationalization act of 1951 was counter to a convention agreed upon by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP) and Iran in 1933. This granted the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company a 60-year licence to mine oil in  of Iran in return for a percentage royalty.

On 26 May 1951, the UK took Iran to the ICJ, demanding that the 1933 agreement be upheld and that Iran pay damages and compensation for disrupting the UK-incorporated company's profits.

The ICJ quickly issued a temporary ruling, proposing to supervise the operations of the oil company by a board of 5 — two from each state and a fifth from a third — until the legal question had been resolved. The UK accepted, whereas Iran declined as a matter of principle, arguing that the ICJ had no jurisdiction over this case. The UK lodged a formal complaint to the Security Council, claiming that Iran jeopardized world peace by rejecting the temporary ruling out of hand, but the UK was unable to gain enough votes.

People involved

Sitting judges

Representatives

Judgment
On 22 July 1952, the ICJ decided that because Iran had conceded to ICJ jurisdiction only in cases involving treaties agreed upon after 1932 and as the only treaty cited by the UK after that date was between Iran and a foreign company (and not the UK itself), it had no jurisdiction in this matter (Iran's original contention).

Aftermath

Despite the outcome of the case, the British government was determined to both reclaim control of Iran's oil fields and signal to other countries that nationalization efforts would lead to retaliation. Along with the United States government, it began an oil boycott against Iran as a means of cutting off petroleum profits and weakening the Iranian government. The value of the rial fell by 45%. Following this, the UK's intelligence service, MI6 requested assistance from the United States' newly-formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to overthrow Mosaddeq. What followed was a series of disruptions and eventually Mosaddeq was overthrown in a coup in August 1953. Mohammad Reza Shah returned to Iran, solidified his authority backed by the U.S., and allowed a mix of foreign companies to control pricing and production in the oil sector for another 20 years, though with some increase in domestic revenue.

See also
 Anglo-Iranian Oil Dispute
 List of International Court of Justice cases

References

External links
International Court of Justice records of this case

International Court of Justice cases
1952 in case law
1952 in Iran
1952 in the United Kingdom
Iran–United Kingdom relations
BP litigation
1952 in international relations
Anglo-Persian Oil Company


One Rail Australia was an Australian rail freight operator company. Founded by a United States short line railroad holding company, Genesee & Wyoming Inc, in 1997 as Australian Southern Railroad, and successively renamed Australian Railroad Group and Genesee & Wyoming Australia, it was renamed One Rail Australia in February 2020 after the American company sold its remaining shareholding. In July 2022, assets from the South Australian, Northern Territory and interstate operations of the company were sold to rail operator company Aurizon Holdings Limited. The remaining assets, relating to coal haulage in New South Wales and Queensland, were sold in February 2023 to Magnetic Rail Group.

Corporate history

Genesee & Wyoming Inc was one of several US regional railroad companies to take advantage of the privatisation of Australian rail freight operations in the 1990s. In 1997 its Australian subsidiary (named Australian Southern Railroad at the time) acquired the South Australian rail freight assets of Australian National from the Australian federal government, which included a 50-year lease on the South Australian network from the state government. Operations commenced in November 1997 under the Australian Southern Railroad brand.

In 2000, Australian Railroad Group, a 50–50 joint venture between Genesee & Wyoming and Wesfarmers, took over the Westrail freight business in Western Australia and branded it as Australian Western Railroad. As part of the joint venture agreement, ownership of Australian Southern Railroad passed to the Australian Railroad Group. In 2002, Australian Southern Railroad, Australian Western Railroad and Australian National Railways were brought together as the Australian Railroad Group.

In 2006, Australian Railroad Group sold its Western Australian operations to Queensland Rail and WestNet Rail. Simultaneously, Wesfarmers sold its 50% interest in the remainder of Australian Railroad Group to Genesee & Wyoming Inc, and the business was rebranded Genesee & Wyoming Australia (GWA).

In 2010, GWA purchased the assets of FreightLink from that company's receivers and took over its operations. As a consequence, under a build–own–operate–and–transfer ("BOOT") agreement it became the lessor of the Alice Springs to Darwin section of the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor until 2054, when ownership was to pass to the Australian federal government. It also became the lessee (from the Australian Rail Track Corporation) of the Tarcoola to Alice Springs sector until 2047. After this acquisition, GWA became the largest of 11  regions around the world in which Genesee & Wyoming Inc operated.

After Freightliner Group was purchased by Genesee & Wyoming Inc in 2015, Freightliner's Australian operations were integrated with those of GWA.

By 2016, GWA had been operating Glencore Rail's assets with fellow Genesee & Wyoming Inc subsidiary Freightliner for some time under a 20-year contract. In conjunction with Macquarie Infrastructure & Real Assets, the company acquired Glencore's Hunter Valley business. Concurrently, Genesee & Wyoming Inc acquired a 49% equity stake in GWA.

In 2019, when the US parent Genesee & Wyoming Inc was sold to Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and GIC Private Limited, GWA was not included. Because Brookfield already had other rail assets in Australia that could well have led to the companies regulator, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), to block the purchase, the 51% shareholding that Genesee & Wyoming Inc had in GWA was sold separately to PGGM. On departure of its US parent, the company was rebranded as One Rail Australia.

Sale
In October 2021, Aurizon agreed on terms to purchase One Rail Australia. To ameliorate an expected concern of the ACCC about dilution of competition in the Hunter Valley and Queensland coal haulage market, in which the company already operated, Aurizon made a court-enforceable undertaking to divest the coal haulage part of its business. The ACCC did not oppose the company's sale, which took effect on 29 July 2022.

Assets assigned to be divested included 51 locomotives, 1468 freight vehicles, leases to four depots and offices, and two maintenance facilities. Assets acquired by Aurizon through ownership or leaseholding were  of track, 60 locomotives, 770 freight vehicles, five terminals, and six maintenance facilities. About 400 employees transferred.

At the time of the sale, the South Australian, Northern Territory and interstate haulage operations were carrying about 10 million tonnes annually. The divested part of the business conveyed 45 million tonnes of coal annually. Its disposal was arranged by a business unit operated separately from Aurizon, with an independent board and management and an ACCC-approved independent manager. Magnetic Rail Group purchased the assets in February 2023.

The sale price of the divested assets was AUD2.35 billion.

Operational history

In 1999, Australian Railroad Group started operating services from Adelaide to Melbourne for Patrick Corporation. In that year the company also contracted with Liberty House Group to operate iron ore trains on its line from Middleback Range to Whyalla.

In 2001, the company began operating services from Adelaide to Sydney via Broken Hill and Cootamundra. In 2003, it started operating within New South Wales when it was awarded a five-year contract to haul flour, grain and starch for the Manildra Group.

In 2004, when the Alice Springs to Darwin section of the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor was completed, the company commenced operating intermodal train services between Adelaide and Darwin supported by freight and passenger facilities owned and operated at Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Katherine and Darwin.

In 2008, as Genesee and Wyoming Australia, the company signed a five-year deal with ABB Grain to haul grain trains in Victoria.

In 2010, when the company purchased the lease of the Alice Springs to Darwin section of the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor and leased the Tarcoola-to-Alice Springs section, it also undertook train control for both lines. As of 2019, the weekly traffic on the line (in each direction) was six inter-modal, long-distance freight trains and The Ghan, an experiential tourism train.

The company's market was expanded in 2020, when a coal hauling contract was started in Queensland.

Lines operated and serviced
As of 2021, One Rail Australia leased  of  standard-gauge and  narrow-gauge track. They were in two categories, since the company owned or leased some trackage and utilised some provided by other entities; three were narrow-gauge:
 lines leased by the company, on which it provided services (described as "above and below ground"):
– the  standard-gauge Tarcoola–Darwin route
– the  narrow-gauge gypsum line to Thevenard
 lines owned by other companies, on which One Rail Australia provided services (described as "above ground"):
– the federally owned interstate main lines from Kalgoorlie to Victoria and New South Wales
– main lines owned by state government authorities, of which the lines in Queensland were narrow-gauge
– the   narrow-gauge iron ore lines to Whyalla owned by Liberty House Group.

The adjacent map summarises rail access arrangements for lines in South Australia and the Northern Territory, which formed the initial core of the company's operations. In South Australia, under a state government lease ending in 2047, the company operated and managed the non-metropolitan railway network except for routes to other states, and made it accessible to other companies. It also managed some yards and sidings attached to the ARTC main lines.

The South Australian open-access regime included lines serving grain silos in the Murraylands and on Eyre Peninsula: respectively  of broad gauge and  of narrow gauge. Viterra, the monopoly grain handler in South Australia, progressively closed most silos served by the Murraylands lines, resulting in rail haulage ending in the period 2002–2015. Viterra also moved to road transport on the Eyre Peninsula in 2019, resulting in the peninsula network becoming dormant except for the gypsum haulage line from Lake MacDonnell to the port of Thevenard near Ceduna. The Murraylands and Eyre Peninsula networks were the last remnants of the lightly built lines that had been crucial in establishing agriculture in South Australia.

Locomotive fleet
, One Rail Australia's locomotive fleet totalled 132, including 16 in storage, of 24 different classes, as shown in the following table. The table also shows the 51 locomotives of the 2200, GWA, GWN, GWU and XRN classes that were included in the divested assets eventually purchased by Magnetic Rail Group in February 2023.

Notes

References

External links
One Rail Australia website

Freight railway companies of Australia
Genesee & Wyoming
Rail transport in South Australia
Interstate rail in Australia
Railway companies established in 1997
Railway companies disestablished in 2022
Railway infrastructure companies of Australia
1997 establishments in Australia
2022 disestablishments in Australia
2022 mergers and acquisitions


The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression is a memoir written by Andrew Solomon and first published under the Scribner imprint of New York's Simon & Schuster publishing house in 2001. There was a later paperback under the Touchstone imprint. The Noonday Demon examines the personal, cultural, and scientific aspects of depression through Solomon's published interviews with depression sufferers, doctors, research scientists, politicians, and pharmaceutical researchers.
It is an outgrowth of Solomon's 1998 New Yorker article on depression.

Reception
The Noonday Demon received positive critical response, being described by The New York Times as "a book of remarkable scope, depth, breadth, and vitality."  The book was honored in 2001 with the National Book Award for Nonfiction
and the Lambda Literary Award for autobiography or memoir. In 2002 it was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction.

In 2019, the memoir was ranked 23rd on The Guardian list of the 100 best books of the 21st century.

Updated edition
A new edition was published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 2015 that added a chapter about new treatments for depression. The update was mentioned during an NPR Fresh Air interview of Solomon and a New York Times article he authored.

References

2001 non-fiction books
American memoirs
Books about depression
Lambda Literary Award-winning works
LGBT autobiographies
National Book Award for Nonfiction winning works
Simon & Schuster books


Pinna is a genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae.

The type species of the genus is Pinna rudis.

The most completely studied species in the genus is P. nobilis, a Mediterranean pen shell which was historically important as the principal source of sea silk.

Description

These pen shells can reach a length of about . They are characterized by thin, elongated, wedge-shaped, and almost triangular shells with long, toothless edges. The surface of the shells shows radial ribs over their entire length.

Pinna is distinguished from its sibling genus Atrina by the presence of a sulcus dividing the nacreous region of the valves, and the positioning of the adductor scar on the dorsal side of shells.

These bivalves most commonly lie point-first on the sea bottom in which they live, anchored by a net of byssus threads.

Distribution
Species in the genus Pinna are geographically widespread. This genus is very ancient, going back up to the Carboniferous period. It is especially represented in Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils.

Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species, species in the genus Pinna include:

 † Pinna affinis J. Sowerby, 1821 †
 Pinna angustana Lamarck, 1819
 † Pinna arcuata J. Sowerby, 1821
 Pinna atropurpurea Sowerby, 1825
 Pinna attenuata Reeve, 1858
 Pinna bichi Thach, 2016
 Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791
 Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791
 Pinna cellophana Matsukuma & Okutani, 1986
 Pinna deltodes Menke, 1843
 † Pinna dissimilicostata X.-M. Gan, 1978
 † Pinna distans Hutton, 1873
 Pinna dolabrata Lamarck, 1819
 Pinna electrina Reeve, 1858
 Pinna epica Jousseaume, 1894
 Pinna exquisita Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
 Pinna fimbriatula Reeve, 1859
 † Pinna folium Young & Bird, 1822
 † Pinna huiyangensis R.-J. Zhang, 1977
 Pinna incurva Gmelin, 1791
  † Pinna kawhiana Marwick, 1953
  † Pinna keexwaanensis McRoberts, 2017
  † Pinna lanceolata J. Sowerby, 1821
  † Pinna lata Hutton, 1873 (taxon inquirendum)
 Pinna linguafelis (Habe, 1953)
 Pinna madida Reeve, 1858
 Pinna menkei Reeve, 1858
 † Pinna mitis Phillips, 1829
 † Pinna muikadanensis Nakazawa, 1961
 Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758
 Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 -- Grande nacre
 † Pinna nyainrongensis S.-X. Wen, 1979
 † Pinna octavia Marwick, 1953
 † Pinna pacata Shilekhin, Mazaev & Biakov, 2023
 Pinna papyracea Gmelin, 1791
 † Pinna plicata Hutton, 1873  (Based on a fragment of a trace fossil called Zoophycus)
 Pinna rapanui Araya & Osorio, 2016
 Pinna rudis Linnaeus, 1758
 Pinna rugosa Sowerby, 1835
 Pinna sanguinolenta Reeve, 1858
 † Pinna socialis d'Orbigny, 1850
 † Pinna subcuneata Eichwald, 1865
 † Pinna suprajurensis d'Orbigny, 1850
 Pinna trigonalis Pease, 1861
 Pinna trigonium Dunker, 1852
 Pinna wayae Schultz & M. Huber, 2013

Nomen nudum
 Pinna inflata Röding, 1798
 Pinna lubrica Lightfoot, 1786
 Pinna nebulosa Lightfoot, 1786
 Pinna nigricans Lightfoot, 1786
 Pinna striata Röding, 1798
 Pinna tenera Lightfoot, 1786
 Pinna violacea Röding, 1798

Nomen dubium
 Pinna atrata Clessin, 1891
 Pinna bullata Gmelin, 1791
 Pinna marginata Lamarck, 1819
 Pinna minax Hanley, 1858
 Pinna rollei Clessin, 1891
 Pinna rostellum Hanley, 1858
 Pinna rotundata Linnaeus, 1758
 Pinna sanguinea Gmelin, 1791
 Pinna virgata Menke, 1843

Synonyms
 Pinna squamosissima Philippi, 1849: synonym of Atrina serrata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)
 Pinna strangei Reeve, 1858: synonym of Atrina strangei (Reeve, 1858)
 Pinna stutchburii Reeve, 1859: synonym of Pinna attenuata Reeve, 1858
 Pinna subviridis Reeve, 1858: synonym of Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819)
 Pinna tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of Atrina tasmanica (Tenison Woods, 1876)
 Pinna truncata Philippi, 1844: synonym of Atrina fragilis (Pennant, 1777)
 Pinna tuberculosa Sowerby, 1835: synonym of Atrina tuberculosa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)
 Pinna varicosa Lamarck, 1819: synonym of Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791
 Pinna vespertina Reeve, 1858: synonym of Pinna atropurpurea G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
 Pinna vexillum Born, 1778: synonym of Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778)
 Pinna vitrea Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Streptopinna saccata (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Pinna vulgaris Roissy, 1804: synonym of Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758
 Pinna whitechurchi Turton, 1932: synonym of Atrina squamifera (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)
 Pinna zebuensis Reeve, 1858: synonym of Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758
 Pinna zelandica Gray, 1835: synonym of Atrina zelandica (Gray, 1835)

References

Frank H.T. Rodes, Herbert S. Zim en Paul R. Shaffer (1993) - Natuurgids Fossielen (het ontstaan, prepareren en rangschikken van fossielen), Zuidnederlandse Uitgeverij N.V., Aartselaar. ISBN D-1993-0001-361
Cyril Walker & David Ward (1993) - Fossielen: Sesam Natuur Handboeken, Bosch & Keuning, Baarn.

 Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.
 Schultz, P. W.; Huber, M. (2013). Revision of the worldwide Recent Pinnidae and some remarks of fossil European Pinnidae. Acta Conchyliorum. 13: 1-164.

External links
 Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata
 Mörch, O. A. L. (1852-1853). Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d'Aguirra & Gadea Comes de Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques. Fasc. 1, Cephalophora, 170 pp. [1852; Fasc. 2, Acephala, Annulata, Cirripedia, Echinodermata, 74 [+2] pp. [1853]. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: L. Klein]
 Children J. G. (1822-1823). Lamarck's genera of shells. Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts (London), 14(27): 64-87, pl. 3-4 [ottobre 1822; 14(28): 298-322, pl. 5-6 [gennaio 1823]; 15(29): 23-52, pl. 2-3 [aprile 1823]; 15(30): 216-258, pl. 7-8 [luglio 1823]; 16 (31): 49-79, pl. 5 [ottobre 1823]; 16 (32): 241-264, pl. 6 [dicembre 1823]. [Vedi anche Kennard, Salisbury & Woodward, 1931],]

Pinnidae
Bivalve genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


The Sunshine Coast Helicopter Rescue Service was an Australian non-profit organisation, established in 1979 to undertake vital rescue, medical and search missions throughout south-east Queensland. The service was based at the Sunshine Coast Airport at Marcoola, on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland. It merged with LifeFlight Australia in 2013.

History
The service began life as the Sunshine Coast Helicopter Rescue Service in November 1979. Local businessman Des Scanlan, alongside other local business people and heads of Emergency Services helped establish the Service with the purchase of a single helicopter; a Bell 206 Jetranger, and operated from a base at the Big Cow on the Bruce Highway at Yandina. In 1983, the base was moved to Maroochydore Airport. The services' operations were extended in 1989 with the purchase of a second helicopter, a Bell 206L Longranger, with the help of a $450,000 grant from the Government of Queensland.

Major sponsorship from 1979 onwards came either directly or indirectly from the Bank of New South Wales and its successor, Westpac. The energy distribution corporation South East Queensland Electricity Board (SEQEB), began sponsorship in 1994 (the service would be renamed Energex Community Rescue Helicopter in 1998 following SEQEB's name change). The financial assistance from Energex and its customers (Energex consumers could nominate a donation to the Service from their quarterly utility bill) allowed the Service to purchase a third helicopter - a MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 - in 1997.

The Rescue Service was able to broaden its operations when, in March 1998, an additional base was set up at the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) Aerial Ambulance Hangar in Bundaberg, initially for a three-year trial period. In July 2001, with the realisation of the need for a second operational base, the Bundaberg Service was established on a permanent basis. At the same time the Minister for Department of Emergency Services increased the Queensland Emergency Service grants by millions of dollars a year for the service to provide bigger and better helicopters for the Bundaberg base.

In 2006, having outgrown the Service's existing facilities, and thanks to a federal government grant of $500,000 as well as donations from sponsors and the local community, the Sunshine Coast operation moved to a new purpose-built hangar within the Sunshine Coast Airport site. A year later, in 2007, Energex announced a record $1 million-per-year sponsorship of the service over the next three years in order to maintain the high level of service.

The service was professionally run, with 21 operational aircrew, four administrative staff and a number of dedicated volunteers, and works in close co-operation with Queensland Emergency Services and other Queensland community-based helicopter providers to provide helicopter rescue cover in south-east Queensland to assist Queensland Police, Queensland Health, Queensland Ambulance Service, Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, the State Emergency Service (SES), AusSAR and other services and organisations, such as the Coastguard. To ensure a no-cost operation, finances are obtained through sponsorship, donations, government subsidy and charter operations. All assets of the Service belong to the community.

In April 2009, Energex Community Rescue Helicopter became the AGL Action Rescue Helicopter as a result of a sponsorship deal with AGL. It merged with LifeFlight Australia in 2013.

Area of operation
The main area of operation for the service is from Brisbane in the south to Miriam Vale in the north and west inland to the Bunya Mountains, although the service has ventured as far north as Gladstone, Queensland, as far south as Byron Bay inside New South Wales and as far inland as Chinchilla. 652,800 people reside in the Service's primary area of operation which stretches from Brisbane North to Miriam Vale including Fraser Island and west to Proston, Eidsvold and Monto while 2.3 million inhabit the secondary area extending from Northern New South Wales to Proston and the area south of Gladstone.

In 2007, the Service conducted 771 tasks during the year at an average of 14.8 per week. In that 12-month period a total of 1128 hours were flown and a distance of  covered.

Helicopters
The service owns and operates three aircraft from its Sunshine Coast base: a MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 (VH-BKV), and a Eurocopter BK-117 (VH-EHQ). A Bell Longranger (VH-JOW) is based at Bundaberg.

Kawasaki BK117 B2
Engines: 2 x Honeywell LTS 101-750B Turboshaft 700 SHP (510 kW) ea
Maximum speed: 133 knots (kn) (231 km/h)
Maximum Range: 292 nautical miles (nmi) (540 km)
Maximum Weight: 3350 kg
Empty weight: 1723 kg
Payload: 1670 kg
Overall length: 13.00 m
Cabin Length: 9.90 m
Height: 3.36 m
Rotor Diameter: 11.00 m

Eurocopter BK117
Engines: 2 x Honeywell LTS 101-750B Turboshaft 700 SHP (510 kW) ea
Maximum speed: 133 knots (kn) (231 km/h)
Maximum Range: 292 nmi (540 km)
Maximum Weight: 3350 kg
Empty weight: 1723 kg
Payload: 1670 kg
Overall length: 13.00 m
Cabin Length: 9.90 m
Height: 3.36 m
Rotor Diameter: 11.00 m

Bell 206L Longranger
Engine: 1 x Rolls-Royce 250-C30P Turboshaft 557 shp (415 kW)
Maximum speed: 110 kn (224 km/h)
Range: 321 nmi (594 km)
Max takeoff weight: 1520 kg
Empty weight: 1047 kg
Payload 473 kg
Length: 10.1 m
Cabin length: 2.74 m
Rotor diameter: 11.28 m

See also

Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service

References

External links
AGL Action Rescue Helicopter

Emergency services in Queensland
Medical and health organisations based in Queensland
1979 establishments in Australia
2013 disestablishments in Australia


Pinna may refer to:

Biology
 Pinna (anatomy), or auricle, the outer part of the ear
 Pinna (bivalve), a genus of molluscs
 Pinna (botany), a primary segment of a compound leaf

People

Surname
 Christophe Pinna (born 1968), French martial artist
 Giovanni Pinna, a paleontologist and describer of the Triassic reptile Drepanosaurus
 Mattheus Pinna da Encarnaçao (1687–1764), Brazilian theologian
 Nicola Pinna (born 1974), Italian chemist
 Paola Pinna (born 1974), Italian politician
 Salvatore Pinna (born 1975), Italian football player
 Sandrine Pinna (born 1987), Taiwanese actress

Given name
 Pinna Nesbit (1896–1950), Canadian silent film actress

Other uses
 Pinna, a children's podcasting company owned by Graham Holdings
 , later Permit, a Porpoise-class U.S. Navy submarine
 Pinna Park, a fictional location in Super Mario Sunshine

See also
Pinner (disambiguation)
 De Pinna, an American clothes company 1885–1969
 Rosh Pinna, a settlement in Israel
 Rosh Pina Airport
 Hypselodoris pinna (H. pinna), a species of sea slug
 Vietteania pinna (V. pinna), a species of moth


Ramot (, lit. "Heights") is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav, near the eastern shores of the Sea of Galilee in the western Golan Heights. Named "Ramot" because it is located on two hills, it falls under the jurisdiction of Golan Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Geography
The community is located on a small hill, which is the lowest step on the slope that falls from the Golan Heights to the Sea of Galilee, about  below sea level (compared to the Sea of Galilee which is about  below sea level). The community is  east of the Sea of Galilee and  north of Ein Gev.

History
The moshav was founded in 1969, when Golan area was a part of the Israeli Military Governorate. In 1981, the area of Golan was unilaterally annexed by Israel, applying Israeli civil rule on the area. The founders first lived in the houses of the abandoned village of Skopye, and then settled two years later to temporary "triangle houses" in what is now the Ramot recreation village. In 1973, they resettled in the moshav's current location. The moshav is a member of the Moshavim Movement.

Population
As of 2012, the moshav had 478 settlers.

Economy
The economy of the community is based on irrigated agriculture (bananas, mangos, lychee, palm trees, guava and avocado, and flowers), poultry production, raising cattle for meat and milk, and raising sheep.

Tourism
Ramot is a popular vacation destination. Among the moshav's tourist facilities are a resort hotel, guest houses, and a horse ranch.

References

External links
Official website

Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights
Moshavim
Golan Regional Council
Populated places in Northern District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1969
1969 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate


The term Noonday Demon (also known to be referred to as Noonday Devil, Demon of Noontide, Midday Demon or Meridian Demon) is used as a synonym and a personification of acedia, which stems from the Greek word "akēdeia" which means to lack care.  It indicates a demonic figure thought to be active at the noon hour which inclines its victims (most often monastics) to restlessness, excitability, and inattention to one's duties.

Mentioned in the Hebrew Bible: Psalm 91:6  reads "mi-ketev yashud tsohorayim": from destruction that despoils at midday. This phrase was translated into Alexandrian Greek in the Septuagint into. "apo pragmatos diaporeuomenou en skotei apo symptwmatos kai daimoniou mesembrinou" ([you need not fear] the pestilence that walks in darkness, nor the destruction that wastes at noonday.). In the Vulgate, Jerome's translation of the Septuagint into Latin, we can find a personification in the daemonium meridianum ("Non timebis . . . ab incursu et daemonio meridiano"). This demonic personification is kept in the Catholic Douay-Rheims translation of the Old Testament of 1609 (Psalms 90:6). An exception is King James Version of 1611, where the translation follows the Hebrew: "the destruction that wasteth at noonday" (Psalm 91:6) . The Orthodox Study Bible confirms the understanding of Saint Jerome and translates Psalm 91:6 as "Nor by a thing moving in darkness, Nor by mishap and a demon of noonday." Holman reported that an Aramaic paraphrasing text in the Dead Sea Scrolls of this Psalm from the first century speaks of demons and spiritual warfare as the Latin and Greek translations did.

In the writings of Evagrius Ponticus, a Christian monk and ascetic, the Noonday Demon is specifically responsible for acedia, which he describes as "daemon qui etiam meridianus vocatur", attacking the cenobites most frequently between the hours of ten and two. It caused a sentiment characterized by exhaustion, listlessness, sadness, or dejection, restlessness, aversion to the cell and ascetic life, and yearning for family and former life.

Main Manifestation of The Noonday Demon

The inability to stay in one place
Presents as an urge to change scenery, restfulness. Monks affected were described by Evagrius Ponticus as a "runaway", someone who "fled from the spiritual battlefield'".

Heighted concern in one's health and security
This particular manifestation presents as the temptation of Gluttony. Prevalent in monks that fasted until late in the afternoon as they were easier to sway away from duties by thoughts of their health and stomach.

Loss of motivation for physical labor
Manifests mostly in the afternoon when it is hottest and monks has to fight the heat of the day.

Neglecting the rules and duties
While under the power of the Noonday Demon, monks would be tempted to neglect prayer and the feeling of being overwelled by duties being "too much" start to sink in.

General discouragement
The Noonday Demon would often cause monks to have feelings of overall discouragement that went as far as to call their vocation into question before eventually manifesting as a nerves depression.

Ways of Countering the Demon

Tears
There are several documented ways of combating this demon. One of which being tears. Tears were seen in Eastern tradition as a "acknowledgment of ones need of Savior." This tactic is seen as an exact opposite of "lack of care" and would counteract the demon.

Ora et labora
Ora et labora is the balance of prayer and work in life and is said to be strictly practiced if meant to be used as a counter to the Noonday Demon.

"Talking back" to the Devil
This method is also known as the "antirrhetic method" and is the use of scripture or prayers to combat negative or evil thoughts that arise in oneself. It is seen as one of the most prominent ways to combat the demon, as Jesus himself used this method in the Judaean desert.

Memento mori
This method is seen as a way to ground oneself to their mortality, by meditating on death rather than life, it is used to recognize one's mortality in order to use life to decide where one's place in the afterlife would be, thus making the choice to act.

Perseverance
The last and most simple method to countering the demon is to simply staying on the path of duty, not allowing oneself to stay off the path. Maintaining focus and activity in order to keep the demon away, also known as the "Essential Remedy".

See also
Aboulia
Acedia
Anomie
Sloth (deadly sin)
Weltschmerz
Lady Midday

References

 Grayston, Donald Thomas Merton and the Noonday Demon: The Camaldoli Correspondence.
 Kuhn, Reinhard Clifford The Demon of Noontide: Ennui in Western Literature.
 Nault, Jean-Charles The noonday devil: acedia, the unnamed evil of our times. Michael J. Miller, Marc Ouellet. San Francisco.
 Nelson, Matthew "Acedia: Beating Back the "Noonday Devil" Word on Fire.
 Psalm 91 KJV - - Bible Gateway. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2023, from https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2B91&version=KJV
 Scott-Macnab, David The Many Faces of the Noonday Demon // Journal of Early Christian History. — 2018. — Vol. 8, no. 1. — P. 22–42.
 Solomon, Andrew The Noonday Demon.

Christian mythology
Demons in Christianity


is a kilometer-length near-Earth asteroid and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It was discovered by LINEAR on 13 January 1999.

On 7 August 2027, this asteroid will pass at about  of the Earth’s center. During the close approach, it should peak at about apparent magnitude 7.3, and will be visible in binoculars.

 has a well-determined orbit with an observation arc of 65 years. It was found by Andreas Doppler and Arno Gnädig in precovery images from 1955. When astronomers had an observation arc of the object of 123 days, computations gave a 1 in 10 million chance it would return on an impact trajectory in 2039.

On 7 August 1946, the asteroid passed  from Earth and then  from the Moon.

See also

Asteroid impact prediction
Earth-grazing fireball
List of asteroid close approaches to Earth

References

External links

137108
137108
137108
19990113


Big Red Racing is a racing video game released for MS-DOS in 1995. It was developed by Big Red Software and published by Domark. Versions were planned for Nintendo 64, PlayStation, Saturn, 3DO, and Jaguar but were not released.

Gameplay

Big Red Racing is a comedic racing game. During races, the commentators make humorous comments, stereotypically themed to the country they are from. When menu items are clicked, humorous phrases are played.

There are 24 courses and 6 cups, encompassing the globe, the Moon, Venus, and Mars. Each course has a humorous subtitle, usually a parody of a famous phrase or film.

Customisation
For the driver, the player can choose from a few different body shapes and change the colour of the clothes. For the vehicle, the player can change the colour and decal.

Development
The later Eurogamer writer Keith Stuart was commissioned to write an expansive backstory for the game, which was to be included in the printed manual. Few months before release the publisher balked at the cost and cut the manual. Looking back in 2016, Stuart wrote: "They were right. It didn't really add anything, it was indulgent (...) No one will ever care that I spent several weeks writing that nonsense or that now it is gone forever".

Reception

GameSpot was positive to the game; although commenting that the title is not a simulation, but an arcade game, they recommended it for arcade fans. A Next Generation critic highly praised the variety of playable vehicles and tracks and the use of real time graphics. He remarked that while the low graphical detail makes the game look chunky, it also enables the game to run just as smoothly with six players as with only one. However, he criticized the single-player mode for the AI's apparent cheating, since there is always one racer just slightly ahead of the player car, and recommended that consumers not buy the game until they've made certain they have someone who will play it with them. Frank Snyder of Computer Game Review offered Big Red Racing a positive score.

References

1995 video games
Cancelled 3DO Interactive Multiplayer games
Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
Cancelled Nintendo 64 games
Cancelled PlayStation (console) games
Cancelled Sega Saturn games
Domark games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Europe-exclusive video games
Racing video games
Racing video games set in the United States
Sports video games set in Italy
Video games set on Venus
Video games set in Africa
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in the Arctic
Video games set in England
Video games set in China
Video games set in Egypt
Video games set in Europe
Sports video games set in France
Sports video games set in Germany
Video games set in Hawaii
Video games set in India
Sports video games set in Japan
Video games set in Mexico
Video games set in Norway
Video games set in Russia
Video games set in Scotland
Video games set in South America
Video games set on Mars
Video games set on the Moon
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Big Red Software games


El Clásico Moderno (The Modern Classic) also referred by some as the Clasico Moderno Hondureño is a Honduran football match played at least 4 times a year in the Honduran Liga Nacional and consists of two teams, Olimpia and Real España.  The Clásico Moderno is the most fierce derby played in Honduras.  The two "Barras" (MegaBarra and Commando 12 from España and Ultra Fiel from Olimpia) confront themselves with deadly results almost every time they meet.  It is considered the most aggressive, violent and the strongest rivalry in Honduran soccer.  During the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s it was considered without doubt the greatest derby of the Honduran football, during these 25 years both team won a total of 16 championships (9 Olimpia and 7 Real España), 3 during the 1970s for both teams, 4 for Olimpia and 2 for Real España during the 1980s, and 2 for both during the early 1990s.  During the late half of this decade, time during which Olimpia has won 2 Championships and Real España 1, the rivalry has recover some of its luster.  Both teams are the only "Tricampeones" Three-consecutive championship victories, Real España won 3 complete season championships and Olimpia 3 half season championships.

Head to head

Regular season

Post season

Totals

 Olimpia has scored 292 goals against Real España:
 154 at Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino
 95 at Estadio General Francisco Morazán
 32 at Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano
 8 at Estadio Carlos Miranda
 1 at Estadio Excélsior
 Real España has scored 208 goals against Olimpia:
 105 at Estadio General Francisco Morazán
 76 at Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino
 21 at Estadio Olímpico Metropolitano
 4 at Estadio Carlos Miranda
 2 at Estadio Excélsior

Goalscorers
As of 6 December 2020: Wilmer Velásquez scored 17 goals against Real España and Carlos Pavón scored 9 goals against Olimpia.

Rock Throwing
In two occasions España's MegaBarra have been involved with throwing rocks to two players from the Olimpia side.  Due to the barbaric actions of the MegaBarra, sanctions were taken against Real España and security is tighter for these matches.

The two players who were struck by rocks were Elmer Marín (who would later player with Real España himself) and Gerson Vásquez.

References

External
 Olimpia
 Real España

Football rivalries in Honduras


The Riga French Lycée (, ) is a French international school that was founded in September 1921 in Riga, Latvia. It is a school, where studies take place from grade 1 to 12 and the only school in Latvia, where French can be learned at an advanced level starting from primary school. Studies from years 1-6 take place at 8 Mēness street and years 7–12 at 48 Krisijana Valdemara street.

History
Marcel Etienne Segrest (Marsels Etjēns Segrests), the former Director of the Lycée Marsels, was one of the first teachers at the school. In addition to teaching French he also taught the Latvian language and literature. He was joined by Angelika Gailīte, a history teacher. It was located at 48 Krisjana Valdemara street.

In 1965 the school was renamed as the Henri Barbusse Riga Secondary school No. 11and moved to 8 Mēness Street, Riga. On 21 September 1991 the original name, Riga French Lycée, was restored and later on the 3rd September 2018 the lycée also returned to the original building on 48 Krisijana Valdemara street. Odile Suopison, the Ambassador of France, honoured the opening event with her presence.  The Ambassador recalled the history of the Lycée and reminded: „In 2016 Riga French Lycée became a LabelFrancEducation school, thus having become a part of a global French movement within the framework of the International Organization of La Francophonie. And Latvia has been a member state of this organization with observer status for 10 years already. All countries, educational establishments and all those who contribute to the existence of Francophonie have not only French in common, but also such fundamental values as cultural diversity, peace, strengthening the rule of the law and democracy.” At 48 K.Valdemāra Street the total are of 5355 square meters of the historical building has been renovated. There are 31 classrooms, a cloakroom for 600 students, a canteen with 274 places, an assembly hall with 209 seats, a conference hall and separate premises for sport lessons and for the administration of the school. The renovation of Riga French Lycée has been co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The building has been renovated by general partnership „RERE Būve 1” by the order of the Riga City Council's Property Department.

See also
List of French International Schools
Tallinn French Lyceum

References

External links

Schools in Latvia
Riga
Education in Riga
Educational institutions established in 1921
1921 establishments in Latvia


Kalgoorlie City Football Club is an Australian rules football club competing in the Goldfields Football League.

The club is based at Sir Richard Moore Sports Complex in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and was formed in 1895 as the Hannans Club, making it one of the oldest football clubs in country Western Australia.

The Kangas have won thirteen premierships in their history (1897, 1927, 1930, 1941, 1953, 1954, 1962, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1999 and 2013). The clubs first premiership in 1897 was won with  full forward Alex McKenzie.

Kalgoorlie City have two major rivals. Railways FC is the club's main rival, this is due to the fact both are based in Kalgoorlie and share the same home ground. Kalgoorlie tend to represent more of the middle class of the towns population, and Railways the working class. The other major rivalry is shared with Boulder FC, and this is somewhat of a microcosm of the (antiquated) rivalry between the towns of Kalgoorlie and Boulder before they fused to form the city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder.

The club finished as runners up in 2012 after losing to Railways in the Grand Final (7.8-50 to 14.11-95).

Kalgoorlie played Railways again in the 2013 Grand Final and came out on top (10.5-65 to 7.2-44).
The Kalgoorlie Colts side also experienced success capping off an undefeated season defeating Boulder Tigers in the Grand Final (14.12-96 to 9.10-64)

References

City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder
Australian rules football clubs in Western Australia
1895 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1895
Goldfields Football League


El Clásico Sampedrano (The Sampedran Derby) is a Honduran football match played at least 4 times a year in the Honduran Liga Nacional and consists of two teams, Marathón and Real España.  These two teams are from San Pedro Sula, hence the name.

Head to head

All time scorers
 As of 31 October 2020
 Carlos Pavón for Real España with 10 goals.
 Gilberto Machado for Marathón with 8 goals

Finals
Since the creations of Finals, there have been three Sampedran derbies, two won by Real España, and one by Marathón.

Trivia
 This is the Honduran derby that has been played in the most cities.
 Real España dominates the derby by far, but the resurgence since 2000 by Marathón has brought a new mentality for their supporters.

References

External links
 C.D. Marathón
 Real España

Football rivalries in Honduras
Real C.D. España
C.D. Marathón


Joseph Gabel (12 July 1912 in Budapest – 15 June 2004 in Paris) was a French Hungarian-born sociologist and philosopher. His work was always strongly influenced by Marxism; he was against Stalinism and critical of the work of Louis Althusser.

He left Hungary because of a Numerus Clausus for Jewish citizens and first studied Psychopathology with Eugène Minkowski, then he turned to Sociology (he was mainly influenced by Karl Mannheim and Georg Lukács). He taught at the Mohammed-V University of Rabat from 1965 to 1971, and at Amiens University from 1971 to 1980.

In 1962, he published his most important work: False Consciousness: An Essay on Reification. From the standpoint of psychopathology, this study works to synthesize Marxist notions of "false consciousness" and reification with the study of schizophrenia. In the following years, Gabel's works stressed the analysis of ideologies and marxist theory of alienation (The Sociology of Alienation, 1971; Idéologies 1974 - 1978; Alienation Today, 1974). Gabel also wrote the articles "Utopia" and "Ideology" in the Encyclopedia Universalis and he was one of the only French specialists on Karl Mannheim.

Publications in French
  Génie et folie chez Guy de Maupassant, Paris, Jouve, 1940 (Thesis, Paris. Doctorat d'Université. 1940, no 117)
  La Fausse Conscience : essai sur la réification, Paris, Éditions de Minuit, « Arguments », 1962.
  Sociologie de l'aliénation, Paris, PUF, « Bibliothèque de sociologie contemporaine », 1971.
  L'Aliénation aujourd'hui, Paris, Anthropos, 1974.
  Idéologies 1 (Articles, 1948–1972), Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1974.
  Idéologies. 2, Althussérisme et stalinisme, (Articles and conferences), Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1978.
  (dir.), with Bernard Rousset, Trinh Van Thao and al., Actualité de la dialectique, Colloque du Centre universitaire de recherche sociologique d'Amiens, Chantilly, septembre 1977; Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1980.
  Mannheim et le marxisme hongrois, Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, « Sociétés », 1987.
  Réflexions sur l'avenir des juifs : racisme et aliénation, Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, 1987.
  Études dialectiques, Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, 1990.
  Mensonge et maladie mentale, Paris, Éditions Allia, 1995.
 "Communisme et dialectique". In: Revue Les Lettres Nouvelles, 6eme année, Avril 1958, n° 59.
 "La crise du marxisme et la psychologie". In: Revue Arguments. Revue trimestrielle, Les Editions de Minuit, n° 18, 1960 theme l'homme probleme: anthropologie, marxisme, psychanalyse.
 "Sur Marxisme, anarchisme, psychologie sociale". In: Revue Arguments. Revue trimestrielle, Les Editions de Minuit, numéro 25-26, 1er et 2e trimestres 1962, theme la question politique (I).
 "Valeur clinique du test de Szondi". Psyché (Paris), Revue Internationale des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Psychanalyse, 1951.
 "Racisme et Aliénation,” in Praxis International, Vol. II, No. 4, January, 1983.

Publications in English
 False consciousness : an essay on reification. Translated from the French by Margaret A. Thompson with the assistance of Kenneth A. Thompson; introduction by Kenneth A. Thompson. Oxford : Blackwell, 1975.
 Karl Mannheim and Hungarian Marxism. Translated by William M. Stein and James McCrate. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, c1991.
 Ideologies and the corruption of thought (ed. & introd. by Alan Sica). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1997.
 "Hungarian Marxism." In: Telos, Number 25 (Fall 1975). Telos Press
 "Utopian and False Consciousness." In:  Telos, Number 29 (Fall 1976). Telos Press

See also
 Gilles Deleuze, L'Anti-Œdipe Capitalisme et schizophrénie
 Schizoanalysis
 Character mask

Notes and references

External links
  Biographical note, fonds Joseph Gabel
  Books published at Klincksieck

1912 births
2004 deaths
Hungarian philosophers
Hungarian sociologists
French sociologists
French psychiatrists
Marxist theorists
20th-century French philosophers
French male writers
Hungarian emigrants to France


El Clásico Nacional ("National Classic") is a Honduran football match played between Olimpia and Marathón. The Classic began in September 1928 when Olimpia, at that time Central Zone champion, won its three match final series against Marathón, champion of the North.  This event created the fierce Clásico Nacional.

Head to head

The Finals
Olimpia and Marathón have played 9 finals. Six won by Olimpia and 3 won by Marathón.

1987-88 Honduran Liga Nacional

 Olimpia won 1–0 on aggregate.

2001-02 Clausura

 Marathón won 4-2 on aggregate.

References

Nac


John Tong Hon (born 31 July 1939) is a prelate of the Catholic Church from Hong Kong. A cardinal since 2012, he was auxiliary bishop of Hong Kong from 1996 to 2008, then coadjutor bishop of the diocese for a year, and Bishop of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2017. In January 2019, he became the apostolic administrator of the diocese, in a caretaker role, after the death of his successor, Michael Yeung.

Biography

Early years
Tong was born on 31 July 1939 in Central, Hong Kong. In his youth, Tong Hon spent ten years living in Hwa County (Fa-yuen, Fa-yun; now Huadu), Guangdong, before returning to Hong Kong. His father died in China in 1952, at the age of 42.

Tong studied at the Seminário de São José, Macau (now part of the University of Saint Joseph) and later earned a master's degree in philosophy from the Chinese University of Hong Kong before earning both licentiate and a doctorate in dogmatic theology at the Pontifical Urbaniana University. He was ordained a priest on 6 January 1966.  In December 1992, he was appointed as vicar general of the Diocese of Hong Kong, together with Dominic Chan.  He served in this role until his appointment as coadjutor bishop in 2008.

Bishop
On 13 September 1996, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Hong Kong. He was named consultor to the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in 2003, after 24 years of service with their Holy Spirit Study Centre in Hong Kong. In March 2005, he visited Guangzhou on official business as a representative of the pope, along with other Hong Kong religious leaders; they were received at a banquet luncheon by Zhu Zhenzhong, chairman of the city's political consultative committee.

On 30 January 2008, Pope Benedict XVI named him coadjutor bishop of the Hong Kong Diocese. He had been named by the church as being in line for Zen's job as early as 2006; however, he stated he felt little excitement at the prospect of taking up the post. He assumed the post of Bishop of Hong Kong on 15 April 2009 upon the retirement of Joseph Zen.

In 2010 as part of his Christmas message, Tong Hon called on the Chinese government to free Liu Xiaobo, activist Zhao Lianhai and all those who are in jail for promoting human rights. He also urged Beijing to release all the clergy from the underground church who are behind bars for demanding greater religious freedom in China. In his message, he expressed four dreams or aspirations he has for the future of his diocese, namely evangelisation, vocations, the Universal Church and acting as a bridge with the mainland.

Cardinal
On 18 February 2012 he was created Cardinal-Priest of Regina degli Apostoli alla Montagnola. He lost his voting rights in papal elections upon his 80th birthday. Regarding his elevation, Cardinal Tong said, "I feel inadequate yet grateful" and called the appointment both "an honour and a responsibility".

On 21 April 2012 Tong was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the Pontifical Council for Inter Religious Dialogue. In October 2012 he served as one of three Presidents-General of the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelization. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in his first and only 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.

In July 2014 Tong received three auxiliary bishops to assist him in the running of the diocese, Bishop Joseph Ha Chi-shing, O.F.M., Bishop Stephen Lee Bun-sang and Bishop Michael Yeung Ming-cheung. At the same time, Pope Francis asked Tong to remain Bishop of Hong Kong for three more years.

In 2015, when he would normally have participated in the Synod of Bishops as Hong Kong's representative, he was told that the Vatican could not make an exception for him and he would not be able to participate because he was older than 75, the standard retirement age for bishops.

His resignation was accepted on 1 August 2017.

Apostolic Administrator of Hong Kong
On 5 January 2019, the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples announced that Tong had been appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Hong Kong, with the responsibility of governing it following the unexpected death of Bishop Michael Yeung. On 17 May 2021 Pope Francis appointed Fr. Stephen Chow Sau-yan, SJ, as the new Bishop of the Diocese of Hong Kong. He will take over from Cardinal John Tong Hon, who has served as the Apostolic Administrator of Hong Kong since 5 January 2019.

Views

Holy See–China relations
Shortly after he was made a cardinal, Tong said that the diocese of Hong Kong would take up the role of "Bridge Church", and that the local church was helping the mainland church to have better formation, reconcile among themselves and achieve full communion with the Pope and the Catholic Church. He went on to call for prayers for "the reopening of the China-Vatican dialogue" and for "the graces bestowed upon the excommunicated, so that their early repentance could bring reconciliation in our Church and thus the wounds of our Church could be healed." Tong said that he is confident that "if Catholics in China were to enjoy full freedom of religious belief and activities, they would not only be able to contribute more fruitfully to the well-being of society, but would also earn for their Motherland a higher reputation in the international community."

In August 2016 Tong Hon revealed that the Holy See and Beijing had reached an initial agreement on the appointment of Catholic bishops in mainland China in an effort to secure a breakthrough in bilateral ties. In an article published in the latest edition of the weekly diocese publication Kung Kao Po, Tong Hon also dismissed criticism that Vatican officials may go against the Holy See's principles and that the dialogue may sacrifice the rights of clandestine churches on the mainland. Tong wrote that Beijing was now willing to reach an understanding with the Vatican on the appointment of bishops in the Catholic Church in mainland China and seek a mutually acceptable plan.

Opposition to LGBT rights
Tong Hon issued a pastoral letter in November 2015 urging Catholics to vote against candidates in the district council elections if they had liberal views on gay rights - including support for protections against discrimination and the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. He said that certain social movements were "challenging and twisting" core values on marriage and family, and had "shaken society to its core". In response to the letter, a number of students at the Catholic Caritas Institute of Higher Education in Tiu Keng Leng held a protest during a visit by Tong to a graduation ceremony.

Several pan-democratic parties criticised Tong's remarks. People Power lawmaker Raymond Chan Chi-chuen said, "The current pope has been calling for respect for the LGBT community. I do not understand why Tong would make such a comment at a time when worldwide Catholics are becoming increasingly liberal in handling the issue." A spokesman for the Labour Party also said that Tong's views differed from the remarks made by Pope Francis.

That same month Tong criticised the US Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges which legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.

See also
Roman Catholicism in Hong Kong

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Alumni of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Roman Catholic bishops of Hong Kong
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hong Kong
Cantonese people
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in China
Chinese democracy activists
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI
Chinese cardinals
Pontifical Urban University alumni
Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples


Tony Holiday (born Rolf Peter Knigge; 24 February 1951 – 14 February 1990) was a German pop and schlager singer and songwriter.

Career
Knigge was born in Hamburg. He began his career initially as a textile businessman and fashion designer. In 1974, he received a record contract with Hans Bertram, who rechristened him "Tony Holiday". His first two singles met with little success. Holiday's breakthrough came in 1977 with the German recording of Italian singer Raffaella Carrà's 1976 single "A far l'amore comincia tu", retitled "Tanze Samba mit Mir" ("Dance the Samba With Me"). The song quickly became a hit in both Germany and Austria, peaking at No. 4 on the German music charts and reaching the Top 20 on the Austrian music charts.

In 1979, he participated with the title "Zuviel Tequila, zuviel schöne Mädchen" ("Too Much Tequila, Too Many Beautiful Girls") in the German finals for the Eurovision Song Contest and the song finished in ninth place.

Between 1975 and 1984, Holiday performed 11 times on the popular German music television program ZDF-Hitparade.

In 1980, Holiday scored a second European hit with "Nie mehr allein sein" which reached the number 15 on the German music charts. The song was a reworking of "Sun of Jamaica" by the German band Goombay Dance Band. Holiday subsequently hosted several music programs on television and released several more singles throughout the 1980s.

Death and legacy
Holiday was gay, but did not publicly acknowledge his homosexuality. He died on Valentine's Day, 1990 of an AIDS-related illness in Lausanne, aged 38, just ten days shy of his 39th birthday.

In 2000, Tony Holiday's single "Tanze Samba mit Mir" was prominently featured in the Teddy Award-winning François Ozon directed film Gouttes d'eau sur pierres brûlantes (Water Drops on Burning Rocks), an adaptation of the play Tropfen auf heiße Steine by German filmmaker and dramatist Rainer Werner Fassbinder.

Discography

References

1951 births
1990 deaths
20th-century German male singers
AIDS-related deaths in Switzerland
German pop singers
German male songwriters
Schlager musicians
German LGBT songwriters
German gay musicians
German LGBT singers
Gay songwriters
Musicians from Hamburg
Gay singers
German expatriates in Switzerland
20th-century German LGBT people


Wyoming v. Colorado, 259 U.S. 419 (1922) is a set of court cases, all dealing with water distribution from the Laramie River. A petition for rehearing was granted, which revised the original decision. A motion to dismiss was later denied.

Background
When a dispute arises between two states, the case is filed for original jurisdiction with the United States Supreme Court. This is one of the very limited circumstances where the court acts with original jurisdiction, e.g. a trial court. In all other cases the Court acts as the highest level appellate court in the United States.

The state of Wyoming brought an action against the state of Colorado to prevent the diversion of a stream system. Wyoming claimed the doctrine of prior appropriation granted them superior rights to the stream water, as they claimed the water first, and that Colorado's proposed diversion would leave them with an insufficient supply of water.

Opinion of the Court
The Court upheld Wyoming's prior appropriation water rights, preventing Colorado's proposed diversion of the stream system as originally planned. However, the Court allowed Colorado to divert a lesser amount of water, as long as it did not interfere with Wyoming's prior water usage. After in depth fact-finding of the exact amount of water used by Wyoming, the court determined that Colorado could divert no more than  per year of water from the interstate stream system.

See also
 Arizona v. California

References

External links

United States water case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
1922 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court original jurisdiction cases
1922 in Wyoming
1922 in Colorado
1922 in the environment
Legal history of Wyoming
Legal history of Colorado


The 39th National Hockey League All-Star Game was held in the St. Louis Arena in St. Louis, home to the St. Louis Blues, on February 9, 1988.

Lemieux makes his mark
Pittsburgh Penguins' centremen Mario Lemieux recorded six points (3–3–6) and scored the game-winner in overtime to lead the Wales Conference to a thrilling 6–5 victory.  Lemieux's six points broke the previous record for most points in an All-Star Game, which was previously held by six players (four points).  Montreal Canadiens' leftwinger Mats Naslund earned an assist on all three of Lemieux's goals and added two more to set an All-Star Game record with five assists.

Uniforms
The NHL returned to the All-Star uniform design worn before Rendez-vous '87 but replaced the conference names on the front with the NHL shield. A patch featuring the logo of the All-Star Game replaced the smaller NHL shield on the left shoulder. In addition, the block shadow typeface for the names and numerals was replaced with simple black letters and numbers, except for on the black sleeve sections of the orange jersey worn by the Wales team, where the numbers were white instead.

Team rosters

Game summary

Referee: Denis Morel
Linesmen: Kevin Collins, Randy Mitton
TV: CBC, SRC, ESPN

Notes

Bob Plager's brother, Barclay Plager, was also named honorary captain, but he died three days before the All-Star Game from a brain hemorrhage due to a brain tumour, on February 6. A moment of silence in his honor occurred before the start of the game.
Doug Wilson was unable to start the game and was replaced by Al MacInnis in the starting lineup.

See also
 1987–88 NHL season

All-Star Game
National Hockey League All-Star Games
Ice hockey competitions in St. Louis
1980s in St. Louis
National Hockey League All-Star Game
National Hockey League All-Star Game


Elias (de) Fonsalada (fl. late 12th/first quarter of the 13th century) was a troubadour from Bergerac in the Périgord (the Diocese of Périgueux according to his vida). Only two cansos of his survive.

His vida goes further in describing him as a handsome man of the middle class, the son of a burgher and jongleur, who himself became a jongleur. The biographer did not regard him as an accomplished trobaire (troubadour/composer/inventor of poetry) but as a noellaire. This word has been open to interpretation. Boutière and Schutz in their French compilation of the vidas of the troubadours translate it as "auteur d'un genre particulier" (author of a particular genre) or "beau parleur" (good conversationalist). Later Levy traced its etymology to novelador, "auteur de novelles" (author of novas, novels), and Egan, in her English translation, has taken this up as "storyteller". A nova was probably a narrative, as opposed to lyric, work. Thus Elias' vida provides a rare glimpse of narrative vernacular writing in Occitan at the height of the troubadour art.

The poem En Abriu is assigned to Elias in manuscript C (a 14th-century work now known as f.f. 856 in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris). This attribution, however, is contradicted by other sources and the poem is usually given to Marcabru.

Notes

Sources

Egan, Margarita (ed. and trans.) The Vidas of the Troubadours. New York: Garland, 1984. .
Gaunt, Simon; Harvey, Ruth; and Paterson, Linda M., edd. Marcabru: A Critical Edition. Boydell & Brewer, 2000.
Jewers, Caroline. "The Name of the Ruse and the Round Table: Occitan Romance and the Case for Cultural Resistance." Neophilologus. Vol. 81, No. 2 (Apr., 1997), pp. 187–200.
Jones, W. Powell. "The Jongleur Troubadours of Provence." Publication of the Modern Languages Association, Vol. 46, No. 2. (Jun., 1931), pp. 307–311.

French troubadours
12th-century births
13th-century deaths
People from Dordogne


Umm Batin (; ) is a Bedouin village in southern Israel. Located in the northern Negev desert, 12 km northeast of Beersheba and adjacent to the highway 60, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

Etymology
The village name derives from the Arabic words for mother, umm (أمّ), and hidden, batin (باتين). Translated, Umm Batin can mean either Hidden Mother or Mother of the Hidden. The historical origins of the village name are not well-documented.

History
Prior to the establishment of Israel, the Negev Bedouins were a semi-nomadic society that had been through a process of sedentariness since the Ottoman rule of the region. During the British Mandate period, no legal framework was established to justify and preserve land ownership. Thus Israel’s land policy was adopted to a large extent from the Ottoman land regulations of 1858 as the only legal precedent.

Israel has continued the Ottoman policy of sedentarization of Negev Bedouins. In the 1950s Israel re-settled two-thirds of the Negev Bedouin in an area that was under a martial law. Several townships were built for them, offering better living conditions, infrastructure, sanitation, health and education, and municipal services.

As of today, according to the information of Israel Land Administration, over 60% of the Negev Bedouin live in seven settlements in the Negev desert with approved plans and developed infrastructure: Hura, Lakiya, Ar'arat an-Naqab (Ar'ara BaNegev), Shaqib al-Salam (Segev Shalom), Tel as-Sabi (Tel-Sheva), Kuseife and the city of Rahat, the largest among them. These townships cannot resolve the issue of high population density and illegal construction in the Negev absolutely, so besides expanding existing towns, the Israeli government has decided to construct 13 additional settlements with modern infrastructure for the Negev Bedouin, and Umm Batin is one of them.

The village was established following Government Resolution 881 on 29 September 2003, which created eight new Bedouin settlements (seven of which were to be located in the now defunct Abu Basma Regional Council). It was officially recognized in 2004.

In early December 2016, Israel’s Transport Ministry without any previous warning or explanation suddenly removed the village’s only bus stop, thus isolating villagers who do not have private vehicles.

Local government
Formerly part of the Abu Basma Regional Council, Umm Batin currently falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. On November 5, 2012 the Israeli Ministry of Interior abolished Abu Basma, splitting it into two smaller regional councils, al-Kasom and Neve Midbar.

Prior to its division, Abu Basma Regional Council represented approximately 30,000 people spread across eleven newly recognized Bedouin villages. Along with the dismantling of Abu Basma, the Israeli Interior Minister postponed regional council elections for Al-Kasom and Neve Midbar until 2017. From its inception in 2003 until its division in 2012, Abu Basma Regional Council had been headed by an official appointed by the Interior Minister. The elections—which had been mandated in a ruling by the Israel Supreme Court to take place in December 2012 - would have represented the first democratically elected leadership of the Council.

It is accepted to give all the newly established councils a four-year trial period before elections are held. According to the amendment to the Regional Councils’ Law passed in 2009, that period can be extended by the Israeli Ministry of Interior indefinitely. Following a decision taken by the Kneset’s Interior Committee in 2010 to force the government to present a detailed timeline for the council’s development the date for the first elections in the Abu Basma Regional Council was set as 2012. But due to the unpreparedness and low level of municipal services eventually these elections were delayed once again and never took place due to the regional council's abolition.

Demography
The residents are mainly of two tribes: Abu Kaf and Abu Assa.

Education
Umm Batin has four schools, serving kindergarten through twelfth grade: Abu Kaf and Al-Sanabel Elementary Schools, Awrat Secondary School, and ORT Umm Batin High School. There were a total of 2,163 students enrolled in Umm Batin schools in 2012. The nearest university is Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Be'er Sheva.

There is an acting "The English in Umm Batin" program, a result of cooperation between the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Medical School for International Health, the community of Umm Batin, and the students of ORT Umm Batin High School.

See also

Arab localities in Israel
Bedouin in Israel
Negev Bedouin
Sedentarization

References

External links
Umm Batin Abu Basma Regional Council
ORT Umm Batin and the High School for Environmental Studies in the Negev
Lands of the Negev, a short film by Israel Land Administration describing the challenges in providing land management and infrastructure to the Negev Bedouin
Bedouin information Israel Land Administration
 Seth Frantzman, Presentation to Regavim about Negev

Al-Kasom Regional Council
Arab villages in Israel
Bedouin localities in Israel
Populated places in Southern District (Israel)
Populated places established in 2004
2004 establishments in Israel


The 2003 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation () was held in January 2004. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.

Corruption incident
In 2003 Hong Kong's anti-corruption unit ICAC launched an investigation on TVB as a number of people have been bribing the music industry to win awards.    Some of the individuals arrested include Juno Mak, and his father, Clement Mak, who was the chairman of CCT Telecom.  Probes were launched after murmurings that TV execs, music company bosses & a singer & his father were involved in backroom dealings that gave music awards not according to merit but on personal connections.  Juno was booed by the public when accepting the award. Juno, his father and other industry figures including EEG chairman Albert Yeung were arrested at some stage.

Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 2003 are as follows.

Additional awards

Notes

http://www.inovasisolution.com - solid gold

References

 Top ten songs award 2003, Tvcity.tvb.com
 Additional awards 2003, Tvcity.tvb.com

Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, 2003


"Room to Move" is a pop song written by Simon Climie, Rob Fisher (duo Climie Fisher) and Dennis Morgan. It first appeared on Climie Fisher's debut album Everything, released in 1987.

Animotion recording
It was remade by new wave group Animotion in 1988 and included on their 1989 eponymous third album. Animotion released the song as a single, and it reached number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100. Cynthia Rhodes and Paul Engemann shared lead vocals on the song.

Chart performance

Popular culture
The Animotion recording was featured in the 1988 science-fiction comedy film, My Stepmother Is an Alien.

References

Animotion songs
Songs written by Simon Climie
Songs written by Rob Fisher (British musician)
Songs written by Dennis Morgan (songwriter)
Polydor Records singles
1989 singles
1987 songs


The 1994 Cincinnati Open, known by the corporate title of the Thriftway ATP Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 93rd edition of the tournament and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1994 ATP Tour It took place in Mason, Ohio, United States, from August 8 through August 15, 1994.

The tournament had previously appeared on the Tier III of the WTA Tour but no event was held from 1989 to 2003.

Finals

Singles

 Michael Chang defeated  Stefan Edberg 6–2, 7–5
It was Michael Chang's 5th title of the year and his 18th overall. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 5th overall. It was also his second title at the event after winning in 1993.

Doubles

 Alex O'Brien /  Sandon Stolle defeated  Wayne Ferreira /  Mark Kratzmann 6–7, 6–3, 6–2

References

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile

Thriftway ATP Championships


Hog Island sheep are a breed of sheep descended from animals first brought to Virginia's Hog Island in the 18th century. During the 1930s and 1940s, storm conditions forced the island's residents to evacuate, leaving some sheep behind. These sheep adapted to the environment free of human intervention, becoming feral.

The breed is preserved by various organizations because of its relevance to American history and its resemblance to historical American sheep. It also possesses some traits that have been somewhat lost in more modern breeds.

Breed characteristics

The Hog Island sheep is a feral breed, descended from sheep abandoned on Hog Island in the 1930s and 1940s. It is believed that the breed was descended from the Merino breed, among others, possibly the Improved Leicester or other English breeds.
The sheep is relatively small but tough and hardy. Rams weigh on average  and ewes . Lambs are born with spotted or speckled fleece; about 90% of adults have white fleece and 10% black. Both males and females can have horns, and about half the total population do.

The Hog Island sheep is not commonly used in modern agriculture, largely because of its endangered status and because more modern breeds have been bred for other characteristics, including maximum size and fleece yield. It is nevertheless considered important to preserve because of the insight it may give into American history and the traits it has that modern sheep might lack such as its toughness, foraging skill, efficient use of food, and easy lambing.

History

Hog Island was colonized in the 17th century. The sheep that colonists would have been using at the time would have been the contemporary English breeds, but Merinos were known to roam the barrier islands, having swam ashore from Spanish ships that wrecked along the coast. The colonists would have used some combination of these sheep in their flocks.

As an island, Hog Island had open space and lacked predators, therefore the colonists allowed their livestock to roam free, rounding them up only to mark them or to use them for meat or wool. In 1933 a hurricane destroyed most of the island; the inhabitants abandoned the settled areas and many sheep were left to fend for themselves, reverting to a feral state. The Nature Conservancy bought the island in the 1970s, rounded up the sheep, and removed them to prevent overgrazing. The breed is extremely rare today; with fewer than 200 registered animals it is listed as "critical" by The Livestock Conservancy.

Research and conservation (after rediscovery)
When the Nature Conservancy bought Hog Island, most of the sheep were bought by private owners. Some were taken to Blacksburg, where Virginia Tech researchers studied the sheep to determine why they were relatively free of parasites; the researchers concluded that the sheep had no special resistance to parasites but were simply isolated from them by their habitat. The sheep were then sent to institutions such as George Washington's birthplace, Mount Vernon, as well as Colonial Williamsburg and the National Colonial Farm at Piscataway Park for preservation and increasing public awareness of endangered livestock breeds. The United States Department of Agriculture's National Animal Germplasm Program has collected semen samples from several of the sheep as part of a program that aims to preserve the genetic material of animals significant to American history. Because Hog Island sheep resemble the small, short-fleeced sheep that would have been raised in colonial farms for meat and wool, they (or a cross between them and Dorset sheep, a combination called "American Site sheep") are used in exhibits to recreate the look and feel of a historical farm.

Because the Hog Island sheep population is so small, the preservation of the breed through a pure, inbred line would threaten the breed's health by an increased risk of pairing of "bad genes". Stillbirths and atypical-looking sheep have been reported by some breeders. In response, some breeders have crossed Hog Island sheep with other breeds, including Gulf Coast Native sheep, and then bred the offspring with pure Hog Island sheep, producing almost pure Hog Island sheep except for the addition of some genetic diversity.

See also
 Santa Cruz sheep

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Hog Island Sheep at George Washington's Mount Vernon

Sheep breeds originating in the United States
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
Sheep landraces


Neutelings Riedijk Architects is an architecture firm based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, founded by Willem Jan Neutelings and Michiel Riedijk in 1987.

Work and design philosophy

The work of Neutelings Riedijk Architects has been characterized as having a sculptural, often anthropomorphic quality and a playfulness of form while following a clear rationality in programming and context. Their use of familiar forms and materials grounds the strangeness and baroque involutions that give the works a distinct identity and power. Because of the public nature of most of their work, Neutelings Riedijk see the sculptural quality as a way to communicate the building's role within its urban or social context.

Neutelings Riedijk Architects' earlier work consists mostly of public housing and utilitarian buildings such as office buildings, fire stations, and hotels. They have since moved on to designing complex assignments for public and cultural institutions such as museums, libraries, performing arts venues, concert halls, and educational facilities. Their most acclaimed buildings are the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden (2019), City Hall Deventer (2016), Museum aan de Stroom in Antwerp (2010), the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision in Hilversum (2006), the Shipping and Transport College Group in Rotterdam (2005), and the culture house Rozet in Arnhem (2013) and Culture House Eemhuis in Amersfoort (2013).

Selected projects

Realized projects
Naturalis Biodiversity Center | Leiden, The Netherlands (2019)
Flemish Government | Herman Teirlinck Building | Brussels, Belgium (2017)
City Hall and Offices | Deventer, The Netherlands (2017)
Cultural Center | Rozet | Arnhem, The Netherlands (2013)
Cultural Center & Library | Culture House Eemhuis | Amersfoort, The Netherlands (2013)
Museum aan de Stroom | MAS | Antwerp, Belgium (2010)
Dutch Tax Office | Walterboscomplex | Apeldoorn, The Netherlands (2007)
Museum and archives | Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision | Hilversum, The Netherlands (2006)
Shipping and Transport College Group | Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2005)
Lake Side Housing | The Sphinxes | Huizen, The Netherlands (2003)
Theatre & Art Centre | STUK | Leuven, Belgium (2002)
University Building | Minnaert | Utrecht, The Netherlands (1997)

Current projects
Gare Maritime | Brussels
Amsterdam Museum | Amsterdam
ZIL Factory | Moscow
Heldentoren apartments | Knokke
Lorentz Phase 2  | Leiden
Ninoofse poort | Brussels
Urban Interactive District | Amsterdam

Competition projects
Huis van Stad en Regio | Dordrecht, Netherlands | City of Dordrecht | competition | 2020
Louvre Collection Depot | Lévien, France | Louvre Museum | competition | 2015
Porsche Design Tower | Frankfurt, Germany | competition | 2015
Concert Hall, Dance Hall, Theatre, Conservatory | Spuiforum | City of The Hague | The Hague, The Netherlands | international invited competition, first prize | 2014
Adidas World of Sports | Herzogenaurach, Germany | competition | 2014
Museum Boijmans van Beuningen Collection Building | Rotterdam, The Netherlands | competition | 2013
Hotel Areal InterContinental | Vienna, Austria | WertInvest | competition | 2013
Office Building Le Cinq | Paris, France | NV Buelens | competition second prize | 2012
Museum | Moscow, Russia | Polytechnic Museum Development Foundation | competition | 2011
Museum | Narbonne, France | City of Narbonne | competition | 2011
Opera & Ballet Theatre | Perm, Russia | competition second prize | 2010
Concert Hall | Ljubljana, Slovenia | competition first prize | 2010
Museum of European History | Brussels, Belgium | competition | 2010
Flagship Store Valentin Yudashkin | Moscow, Russia | invited competition | 2008
Forum for Music & Dance | Ghent, Belgium | City of Ghent | competition first prize | 2004

Selected publications
 Ornament & Identity – Neutelings Riedijk 2018.
 El Croquis 159 – Neutelings Riedijk 2003–2012, Levene, R. (ed.), Madrid 2012.
 The MAS Revealed 2007–2011, Grooten S., Heylen P., Steverlynck S., Schoten 2011.
 The Making of the MAS 1995–2010, Neutelings WJ., Steverlynck S., Vermeulen P., Schoten 2011.
 Neutelings Riedijk Architects, Sanguigni G., Rome 2011.
 Beeld en Geluid – Sound and Vision, Keuning D., Amsterdam 2007.
 Aan het Werk, Neutelings WJ., Riedijk M., Rotterdam 2004.
 At Work, Neutelings WJ., Riedijk M., Rotterdam 2004.
 El Croquis 94 – Neutelings Riedijk 1992–1999, Levene, R. (ed.), Madrid 1999.
 Minnaertgebouw Universiteit Utrecht, Neutelings WJ., Weegers Th., Rotterdam 1998.

Selected awards and honours
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for Rozet Arnhem | 2015
Arc14 Award Best Dutch Interior Design | for Rozet Arnhem | 2014
Best New Dutch Building of the Year Award | for Rozet Arnhem | 2014
Heuvelink Prize 2014 | for Rozet Arnhem | 2014
Best Library of 2013 | for Rozet Arnhem | 2013
Belgium Steel Construction Award | for MAS Museum aan de Stroom | 2012
AIT Award | for MAS Museum aan de Stroom | 2012
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for MAS Museum aan de Stroom | 2011
Dutch Design Award | for MAS Museum aan de Stroom | 2011
BNA Cube | for international oeuvre | 2010
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision | 2009
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for Dutch Tax Office | 2009
Golden Pyramid Award | for Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision | 2008
Concrete Award | for Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision | 2007
Arie Keppler Award | for Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision | 2007
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for Shipping and Transport College | 2006
Belgian Building Award | for international oeuvre | 2006
Nomination Mies van der Rohe Award | for Lake Shore housing the Sphinxes | 2005
Award of the City of Rotterdam | Best building of the year Muller Pier Block 3 | 2004
Award of the City of Leuven | Best building of the year Performing Arts Centre STUK | 2003
Award of the City of Breda | Best building of the year Fire Station | 2000
Nomination for the Rietveld Award | for Minnaert University Building Utrecht | 1999
Rotterdam Maaskant Award | Best Young Architect under age 35 | 1991

Selected exhibitions
What Is Ornament? | Lisbon, Portugal | 2019
Mies van der Rohe Award 2015 | Brussels, Belgium | 2015
Models. Imagining to scale | Ghent, Belgium | 2014
The Fantastic Library | Moscow, Russia | 2013
Design Shanghai | Shanghai, China | 2013
Culture:City | Berlin, Germany | Graz, Austria | 2013
Centre Pompidou | Paris, France | 2012
AIT Behind the Curtains | Cologne, Germany | Munich, Germany | Hamburg, Germany | 2012-13
Mies van der Rohe Award 2009 | Essen, Germany | Madrid, Spain | Vienna, Austria | 2010
Lucky Dutch Festival | Moscow, Russia | 2009
Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine | Paris, France | 2007 | 2012
International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam | Rotterdam, the Netherlands | 2005 | 2009
Global Polis | New York, USA | 2009
Skin between texture and frame | Paris, France | 2007
Skin and Bones | Los Angeles, USA | Tokyo, Japan | London, UK | 2006-08
Behind Curtains | Rotterdam, the Netherlands | Beijing, China | Brussels, Belgium | Prague, Czech Republic | Ljubljana, Slovenia | 2004-13
Beijing Architectural Biennial | 2004 | 2009
Architectural Biennale of Venice | Venice, Italy | 1991 | 2004
Panoramas Européens | Paris, France | 2001
10 Shades of Green | New York, USA | Austin, USA | Washington, USA | Houston, USA | 2000-02
Contemporary Architecture in Flanders | Venice Biennale | Rome, Italy | Grenoble, France | 2000

References

External links

Neutelings Riedijk Architects

Architecture firms of the Netherlands


Trisomy 16 is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. Those mostly occur between 8 and 15 weeks after the last menstrual period.

It is not possible for a child to be born alive with an extra copy of this chromosome present in all cells (full trisomy 16). It is possible, however, for a child to be born alive with the mosaic form.

Chromosome 16

Normally humans have 2 copies of chromosome 16, one inherited by each parent. This chromosome represents almost 3% of all DNA in cells.

Screening

During pregnancy, women can be screened by chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis to detect trisomy 16. With the advent of noninvasive techniques for detecting aneuploidy, prenatal screening with tests using Next Generation Sequencing can be utilised prior to invasive techniques. This can cause fetal growth retardation.

Full trisomy 16

Full trisomy 16 is incompatible with life and most of the time it results in miscarriage during the first trimester. This occurs when all of the cells in the body contain an extra copy of chromosome 16.

Mosaic trisomy 16

Mosaic trisomy 16, a rare chromosomal disorder, is compatible with life, therefore a baby can be born alive. This happens when only some of the cells in the body contain the extra copy of chromosome 16. Some of the consequences include slow growth before birth.

Prenatal diagnosis
During prenatal diagnosis the levels of trisomy in fetal-placental tissues can be analyzed. These levels can be predictors of outcomes in mosaic trisomy 16 pregnancies. In a study of prenatal diagnosis cases, there were 66% live births with an average 35.7 weeks gestational age. About 45% of them had malformations. The most common malformations were CSD, ASD, and hypospadias. However, confined placental trisomy 16 does not always result in anatomical abnormalities.

References

Autosomal trisomies


The Long Beach City School District is a public school district that provides education to The City of Long Beach, Island Park, Barnum Island, Harbor Isle, Lido Beach, Point Lookout and East Atlantic Beach on the South Shore of Long Island, New York.  It currently houses a total of 3,583 students in all grades.

The school board is composed of five elected members.  Currently, the board members are: Dennis Ryan, Ph.D. (President), Maureen Vrona, Esq. (Vice President), Anne Conway, Sam Pinto, and Tina Posterli.

Although it identifies publicly as Long Beach Public Schools, it is actually not a 'public school district'—a legal term in New York—but an 'extended city school district', meaning it has a great deal more autonomy and flexibility than a regular school district.

Schools and locations

Pre-elementary
The Long Beach City School District has one pre-elementary level program, which is at Lido School.

Elementary
There are four elementary schools located within the Long Beach City School District: East School, located on Neptune Blvd.; West School, located on Maryland Ave.; Lindell School, located on Lindell Blvd.; and Lido School, located on Lido Blvd.  Only Lido Elementary School is located outside of the City of Long Beach.  All four of these schools house grades K-5, totaling 1,789 students.

Intermediate
The Long Beach City School District has one intermediate level school located in the district.  It is located in the same complex as the Lido Elementary School on Lido Blvd.  Housed in this school are grades 6-8, totaling 970 students.

High school
Long Beach High School is also located in Lido Beach, on Lagoon Drive West.  The high school is also located directly on Reynolds Channel, which borders the barrier island of Long Beach to the north. Long Beach High School houses grades 9-12.  The student population of Long Beach High School is 1,021 students. Island Park students can attend Long Beach High School, since Island Park schools maintain no high school.

In addition to the traditional high school is the alternative school at NIKE.  This is located near the transportation garages on Lido Blvd.  NIKE also houses alternative classrooms for grades 9-12.

Private schools
Also located within the confines of the Long Beach City School District is the Long Beach Catholic Regional School, a parochial school housing grades K-8.  This school is privately funded, though transportation is provided by the Long Beach City School District for Long Beach residents as per state law.

Administration
The central Administration Building is located on Lido Blvd. near both the Lido Elementary School and Long Beach Middle School.

References

External links

Long Beach City School District

Education in Nassau County, New York
School District
School districts in Nassau County, New York
1911 establishments in New York (state)


Supracondylar ridge may refer to:
 Lateral supracondylar ridge
 Medial supracondylar ridge