National Crittenton is a Portland, Oregon-based American organization that works with at-risk and criminal justice system-involved girls, young women and their families. The foundation is affiliated with 25 member agencies operating across the country in urban and rural areas, including Baltimore; Boston; Charleston, South Carolina; Denver, Colorado; Kansas City, Missouri; Knoxville, Tennessee; Orange County, California and Los Angeles, California; Peoria, Illinois; Philadelphia; Phoenix, Arizona, San Francisco, California; Sioux City, Iowa; Washington, D.C., and Wheeling, West Virginia.

National Crittenton's roots are in the social movement created by New York evangelist and millionaire Charles Nelson Crittenton, who founded the Florence Crittenton Night Mission in 1883 in New York City. This "Mother Mission" was dedicated to serving only young women and girls, most of whom were involved in prostitution or were single mothers. The Night Mission was later called the National Florence Crittenton Mission after more homes were opened. At one point, more than 76 "Crittenton Homes" served young women and girls, many of whom were pregnant or single mothers.

In 1893, Charles Crittenton was joined in the movement by pioneering female physician Dr. Kate Waller Barrett. Barrett was famous for her progressive ideas about education and training for women and her tireless advocacy for girls, women and their families.

In 2021, National Crittenton is celebrating its 137th year of continuous service to young women and girls. Its priority is to support the empowerment, self-sufficiency, and end of cycles of destructive behaviors and relationships for at-risk and system-involved girls, young women and their families.

See also
Florence Crittenton Home

References

Organizations based in Portland, Oregon
Organizations established in 1883
1883 establishments in Oregon


John Goodrich Watkins (17 March 1913 - 12 January 2012) was a United States psychologist best known for his work in the areas of hypnosis, dissociation, and multiple personalities. With his wife, Helen Watkins, he developed ego-state therapy, which uses analysis of underlying personalities, rather than traditional talk therapy, to find the causes of psychological problems.

The most famous example of the use of ego-state therapy was the interrogation of the Hillside Strangler, in which Watkins solicited a confession by revealing the killer's multiple personalities.

Watkins also published research suggesting that hypnotic techniques for pain reduction may work by displacing the pain into “covert” ego states. Accordingly, the pain is not eliminated by the hypnotic intervention but is dissociated from conscious awareness and fully experienced by an underlying ego state. The underlying ego state may suffer trauma as a result experiencing the pain.

Watkins  graduated from the University of Idaho and received a Ph.D. from Columbia University. He was professor emeritus at the University of Montana, where he taught for many years.

John G Watkins died on 12 January 2012. He was 98 years old.

Publications

Articles

 Watkins, John G. (1988). "The Management of Malevolent Ego State s in Multiple Personality Disorder".

Books

References

1913 births
2012 deaths
Columbia University alumni
University of Idaho alumni
University of Montana faculty
American hypnotists
20th-century American psychologists


Lewis Sargent (August 19, 1903 – November 19, 1970) was an American film actor. He appeared in 80 films between 1917 and 1949.

Biography
Sargent was born in Los Angeles on August 19, 1903. He had 8 brothers and sisters. His father Lewis was a carpenter, and his older brother, Don Sargent, was a cinematographer in Hollywood for more than 40 years. He was an early friend of James Wong Howe. His ancestor William Sargent sailed to Agawam, Massachusetts with Captain John Smith in 1614. Lewis W. Sargent was the third child of Lewis and Elsa Plath Sargent.

He was a child actor in the early days of motion pictures until 1935 when he portrayed Major Francis Martling's assistant George in The New Adventures of Tarzan, produced by its creator Edgar Rice Burroughs. This serial was shot in Guatemala. He played the title role in Huckleberry Finn in 1920, played supporting roles in Oliver Twist (1922), shared the lead with a dog in The Call of the Wilderness (1926) and several other films though 1929.

Sargent died November 19, 1970 while a patient at the Hollywood West Hospital.

Selected filmography

 Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp (1917)
 Ace High (1918)
 Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1918)
 The Coming of the Law (1919)
 Huckleberry Finn (1920) – as Huckleberry Finn
 The Soul of Youth (1920)
 Just Around the Corner (1921)
 Oliver Twist (1922)
 The Phantom Fortune (1923)
 The Wild Party (1923)
 Ridin' the Wind (1924)
 The Call of the Wilderness (1926)
 South of Panama (1928)
 A Million for Love (1928)
 One Splendid Hour (1929)
 The Clean Up (1929)
 The Man from New Mexico (1932)
 The New Adventures of Tarzan (1935)

References

Bibliography
John Holmstrom, The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 21.

External links

1903 births
1970 deaths
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors


Lanthenans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies on a sunny slope with an exceptional microclimate and equidistant from L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs, Pont-de-Roide, and Clerval.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lanthenans on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


William "Bill" Wolman (December 14, 1927 – December 5, 2011)  was a longtime chief economist at BusinessWeek magazine, and a frequent commentator on CNBC. Journalism awards presented to Bill Wolman include the John Hancock Award, National Magazine Award, Deadline Club Award and University of Missouri Journalism Award. On CNBC, Wolman often paired with Neil Cavuto, acting as a taciturn foil to Cavutos more outspoken demeanour.

Born in Montreal, Canada, Wolman attended McGill University and went on to Stanford University to complete a Ph.D. in economics before he joined the economics staff at Business Week Magazine in 1960. He was married to the economist Anne Colamosca, with whom he often collaborated.

Bibliography
The Great 401k Hoax: What You Need to Know to Protect Your Family and Your Future; (co-authored with Anne Colamosca)
The Judas Economy: The Triumph of Capital & the Betrayal of Work (with Anne Colamosca)

External links

BusinessWeek on his retirement

1927 births
2011 deaths
American economists
CNBC people
McGill University alumni
Canadian economists
Stanford University alumni
Bloomberg L.P. people


Larnod () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Larnod is situated on a hill over the valley of the river Doubs. It lies on departmental highway 308  northeast of Boussières.

Population

The inhabitants of the commune are called Larnodiens.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Larnod on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Ernst Conrad Friedrich Schulze (22 March 1789 – 29 June 1817) was a German Romantic poet. He was born and died in Celle.

Early life and education

The son of the Mayor of Celle, his mother died while he was only two years old and much of his early education was overseen by his two grandfathers, who were a Celle bookseller and a minister.

Widely respected by his contemporaries in early youth, he found himself increasingly drawn into a new poetische Welt (world of poetry) in his mid-teens, showing a particular interest in folklore, fairy tales and diverse French literature.  He said of himself, "I lived in a fantasy world and was on the way to becoming a complete obsessive."  Despite these early Romantic daydreams, he was able to apply himself to his school work and was, at age 16, a model student.

Given his upbringing, it is probably unsurprising that he initially studied theology at the Georg-August University of Göttingen from 1806.  He went on to study philosophy, literature and aesthetics from 1808, and received his doctorate in 1812.  Afterward, he devoted himself to philology, which he taught privately in Göttingen.  During his time at university he became a member of the Göttingen 'Corps Hannovera', one of the original German Student Corps.

Post-University

Schulze's early post-graduation lectures reflected his particular poetical interests, particularly Ancient Greek lyric poetry; his first two lectures were entitled „Ueber die Geschichte der lyrischen Poesie bey den Griechen“ and „Metrik […] und Prometheus des Aeschylus“.  Perhaps more importantly than his profession, however, became his love for Cäcilie Tychsen, daughter of the Orientalist and theologian Thomas Christian Tychsen.  Cäcilie and her sister Adelheid were regarded by as Göttingen society as beautiful and musically talented and Schulze first met Cäcilie in 1811.  A brief romance followed, which intensified on Schulze's part after Cäcilie fell incurably sick from pulmonary tuberculosis the following year at the age of eighteen.  The couple's engagement came shortly before Cäcilie's death on 3 December 1812.  Schulze wrote, "In Cäcilie, whilst truly chaste, I was made many times more beautiful and wonderful.  It was what, perhaps, I could become if there were immortality, instead of now residing in gloom."

Work

He was the author of many poems, among them a Poetisches Tagebuch (Poetic Diary), ten of the poems from which were set to music as lieder by Franz Schubert. Musician Graham Johnson proposes to group these settings by Schubert as a song cycle which he called Auf den wilden Wegen. The autobiographical information contained therein, in poetic form, came about largely under the influence of his engagement to Cäcilie Tychsen, and her subsequent death.  Her early demise, in whose memory his epic Cäcilia (1818) was written, clouded all of his later life.

Typical of this influence is a reference in Um Mitternacht (1815), subsequently set to music by Schubert:

Whilst the vast majority of his writings are Romantic in style and mainly in allegorical form, other poems, such as Lebensmut ('Courage'), were written as a result of his time as a volunteer in the fight for liberation against Napoleon's French Empire.

His last epic romantic work Die Bezauberte Rose (1818) is a poem of classic beauty of style.  It is in three cantos, comprising 107 stanzas of ottava rima.  The 'enchanted rose' is a princess named Klothilde who has been placed under a spell.  After various, powerful suitors have failed to secure her release, the minstrel Alpino is successful and she is restored to her proper form.

In a poetic symmetry, Schulze died, like his belovèd Cäcilie, of consumption at the age of twenty-eight, a few days after receiving word that Die Bezauberte Rose had obtained the prize as the best poetic narration in F. A. Brockhaus' publication "Urania".

Settings by Schubert and Others

It has been argued that Schubert was particularly drawn to Schulze's verse because his life was so akin to that of Schulze.  The most apparent example of this is, perhaps, Im Frühling ('In Spring') (Op. 101, no. 1, D. 882) which represents the purest expression of love where the beloved is remote and unattainable.

Schubert planned to write an opera based upon Die Bezauberte Rose.  His acquaintance, the young Austrian dramatist Eduard von Bauernfeld did not, however, think this would work on the stage.  Consequently, Schulze's work was dropped by Schubert in preference for Der Graf von Gleichen, based on "Melechsala" from Musäus' Volksmärchen der Deutschen, though the opera was finally left incomplete owing to Schubert's death.

German composer Wilhelmine Schwertzell (1787-1863) also used Schulze’s text for her song “Lied der Vöglein.”

Notes

References

Further reading
 Sämtliche poetische Werke edited by Bouterwek (third edition, with biography by Marggraff, Leipzig, 1855).

1789 births
1817 deaths
German poets
People from Celle
People from the Electorate of Hanover
University of Göttingen alumni
German male poets
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in the German Empire


Mogobane

References

South-East District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


Bezanson is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of Grande Prairie No. 1. It is located approximately  east of Grande Prairie on Highway 43, west of the Smoky River.

History
Born near Halifax, Nova Scotia September 1, 1878, A. M. Bezanson (Ancel Maynard) had come to the Peace River Country in 1906. On returning to Edmonton he published a pamphlet, 'The Peace River Trail', in May 1907 in an effort to increase interest in the area. He settled near the junction of the Wapiti, Smoky, and Simonette rivers in 1908 and started a settlement there.
Bezanson was established in 1910, when it was expected that the Grande Prairie-Grande Cache Railway would pass through the region. The settlement grew until 1914, when it was found that the railway would pass to the north through Rycroft. The townsite was moved to be near the highway. A campsite and historical markers are at the original townsite  to the southeast.

A ferry was opened in 1915 across the Smoky River. The first bridge over the river was built in 1949, near where the highway from Grande Prairie to Edmonton passed through the settlement. It was detoured in 2001, with the twinning of Highway 43 and the opening of the new Smoky River bridge.

Geography
The nearby Kleskun Hills are the northernmost badlands in Canada and contain one of the few unbroken areas of the original prairie.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bezanson had a population of 133 living in 58 of its 63 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 107. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bezanson had a population of 107 living in 50 of its 55 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2011 population of 121. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also
Besançon, a city in France
Kleskunsaurus
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta

References

External links
Old Bezanson Townsite (County of Grande Prairie No. 1)
 Kleskun Hill Natural Area

County of Grande Prairie No. 1
Designated places in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta


Lavans-Quingey () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lavans-Quingey on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Lavans-Vuillafans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lavans-Vuillafans on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Lavernay () is a commune in the Doubs département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune is situated  southwest of Besançon.

Population

The inhabitants of the commune are called Lavernois.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lavernay on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Laviron () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune is situated  from Pierrefontaine-les-Varans.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Laviron on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Jet Storm (also known as Jet Stream or Killing Urge) is a 1959 British thriller film directed and co-written by Cy Endfield. Richard Attenborough stars with Stanley Baker, Hermione Baddeley and Diane Cilento. The film is a precursor to the later aviation disaster film genre such as Airport (1970).

Plot
Ernest Tilley (Richard Attenborough), a former scientist who lost his daughter two years earlier in a hit-and-run accident, tracks down James Brock (George Rose), the man he believes is responsible for the accident and boards the same airliner on a transatlantic flight, flying from London to New York.

Tilley has hidden a bomb on board and threatens to blow it up in an act of vengeance, not only killing Brock but also all passengers and crew.

When Captain Bardow (Stanley Baker) and the passengers realise that he is serious, and they cannot find the bomb (which Tilley had attached to the underside of the airliner's left wing), they begin to panic. Some want to pressure him into revealing the location of the bomb, while others such as Doctor Bergstein (David Kossoff) try to reason with the now silent Tilley. Mulliner (Patrick Allen), a terrified passenger, attempts to kill Brock to stop Tilley from setting off the bomb.

Acting out of fear, Brock is killed when he smashes a window and is blown out of the airliner. Tilley comes to his senses when a young boy passenger, Jeremy Tracer (Jeremy Judge), soothes him. He then disconnects the remote control for the bomb, and commits suicide by poison. As the airliner approaches New York, the passengers realise that they will survive.

Cast

 Richard Attenborough as Ernest Tilley
 Stanley Baker as Capt. Bardow
 Hermione Baddeley as Mrs Satterly
 Bernard Braden as Otis Randolf
 Barbara Kelly as Edwina Randolf
 Diane Cilento as Angelica Como
 David Kossoff as Dr Bergstein
 Virginia Maskell as Pam Leyton
 Harry Secombe as Binky Meadows
 Elizabeth Sellars as Inez Barrington
 Dame Sybil Thorndike as Emma Morgan
 Mai Zetterling as Carol Tilley
 Marty Wilde as Billy Forrester
 Patrick Allen as Mulliner
 Paul Carpenter as George Towers
 Megs Jenkins as Rose Brock
 Jocelyn Lane as Clara Forrester
 Cec Linder as Col Coe
 Neil McCallum as Gil Gilbert
 Lana Morris as Jane Tracer
 George Rose as James Brock
 Peter Bayliss as Bentley
 Captain John Crewdson as Whitman
 Paul Eddington as Victor Tracer
 Glyn Houston as Michaels
 Peter Illing as Gelderen
 Jeremy Judge as Jeremy Tracer
 George Murcell as Saunders
 Alun Owen as Green
 Irene Prador as Sophia Gelderen

Production
The type of aircraft depicted is a Soviet-built Tupolev Tu-104. Although the airline and its crew are clearly British, having departed from London and a BEA Vickers Viscount is also seen, the aircraft shown at the beginning is sporting the Soviet Union's flag on the tail. This twin-jet airliner was only used by airlines in the Soviet bloc. A medium-range airliner, the Tu-104 also could not have been used on transatlantic routes.

Reception
In the Time Out review, John Pym saw Jet Storm as, "A British prototype for the Airport disaster movies of the '60s and '70s." He went on to note, "... like its later supersonic counterparts, Endfield's film is naive and contrived, but not without interest as the alarmed passengers soon divide into groups: reactionary (advocating torture) and liberal (patience and persuasion)."

The TV Guide critic wrote, "... thanks to an outstanding cast, this air-disaster film manages to limp to a landing with its 'thriller' status intact." The Radio Times applauded "... a star turn for Attenborough, who brings a convincing complexity to the role of bomber and bereft father."

References
Notes

Citations

'Bibliography

 Pym, John, ed. "Jet Storm." Time Out Film Guide''. London: Time Out Guides Limited, 2004. .

External links

1950s thriller films
British aviation films
British films about revenge
British thriller films
Films directed by Cy Endfield
Films set on airplanes
1950s English-language films
1950s British films


Liesle () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Liesle on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Lizine () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The village is built on a plateau between the Loue and the Lison rivers, with a superb view of both valleys.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lizine on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Tasmocrossea benthicola is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Skeneidae.

This is the only species in the genus Tasmocrossea, a monotypic genus.

Description
The height of the shell attains 1.05 mm, its diameter 0.97 mm.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and occurs off the Lord Howe Rise in the Tasman Sea at a depth of 536 m.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Skeneidae

Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1952


Himbeergeist (lit "raspberry spirit", also known as raspberry spirit obtained by maceration and distillation, eau de vie de framboise or simply framboise) is a geist (type of fruit brandy or Schnapps) made from raspberries. It is produced mainly in Germany and the Alsace region of France.

Rather than being distilled into liquor from a fermented mash of fresh fruit like a fruit brandy (Obstler in German), Himbeergeist is made as an infusion. Because raspberries' low sugar content can produce only a limited amount of alcohol, Himbeergeist is created by macerating fresh berries in 95.6% pure neutral spirits. The mixture is then steeped for several weeks to draw out the raspberry essence, distilled, diluted with purified water, and bottled at 40% ABV or stronger.

It takes about  of raspberries to produce one liter of Himbeergeist.

See also
Brandy

References

Fruit brandies
Distilled drinks


Lods () is a commune in the Doubs département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Lods is located  southeast of Ornans in the valley of the Loue River.

History
It is first documented in 1189, and there are archaeological remains from the fifth and the seventh centuries.

Population

Economy
Viticulture was the primary activity until the phylloxera infestation. The arrival of the railroad caused both the vineyards and the forges to decline due to outside competition.

Tourism
Lods is a village with two hotels and a campground. Outdoor activities include tennis, fishing, and canoeing. Also worth seeing are the Musée de la Vigne et du Vin viticulture museum and art gallery.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lods on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs
Plus Beaux Villages de France


Lombard () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lombard on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Bonnie Mbuli (born 3 March 1979) is a South African actress, businesswoman, and television personality. She was formerly known professionally as Bonnie Henna.

She was a presenter on the SABC 3 show Afternoon Express. Since 2020, she has starred in the BBC drama series Noughts + Crosses.

Early years
Mbuli was born in Soweto, South Africa, in 1979. She attended the Dominican Convent School in Belgravia, Johannesburg, and then Greenside High School in Greenside, Johannesburg. The eldest of three children, she was discovered at a bus stop on her way home from school by an actor's agent, who cast her in her first television role in the series Viva Families in 1992, when she was 13 years old.

Career
This was followed with cameo roles in international productions Born Free 2 and Cave Girls. Mbuli went on to present various magazine programs for television including Teleschool, Zapmag, Technics Heart of the Beat and Limits Unlimited. In 2001, she landed a lead role in the television soap opera Backstage, which was aimed at South African youth. She was later cast in the role of Portia in Gazlam. This was followed by a role in the detective series Zero Tolerance.

Mbuli hosted a talk show in South Africa on SABC 1, True-Life, won a role in the mini-series Homecoming, and appeared in two Canadian television series: Charlie Jade, a sci-fi epic; and Scouts Safari, an adventure series set in the African wild. She completed a major role on Home Affairs, a thirteen-part series that interlinked the lives of five very different women, for Penguin Films. Mbuli went on to play lead roles in the television series Soul City and Hillside for SABC 1 and SABC 2 . She was then cast in the series The Philanthropist for NBC (later also on SABC 3).

In film, she has played the role of singer Dolly Radebe, in Drum, the lead role in the Danish film Blinded Angels. In 2006, she played Precious Chamusso in Catch a Fire.

She played Zindzi Mandela in Clint Eastwood's film Invictus. She starred in E.tv's Rhythm City, on Mzansi Magic's drama series Rockville as Dudu, and on E.tv's crime investigation series Traffic. In 2015, Mbuli starred opposite Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh as policewoman Grace Mthembu in the British series Wallander. Since 2020, she has starred as Jasmine Hadley in the British series Noughts + Crosses.

Personal life
Mbuli was married to actor and television personality Sisanda Henna. They had two children together, one of whom was adopted. She adopted her husband's surname. After their divorce, she authored an autobiography.

Filmography

In popular culture
As Bonnie Henna, she was namechecked on Chicago Med by the South African surgeon.

References

External links

Living people
People from Soweto
South African actresses
1979 births
Alumni of Greenside High School


John Linn is the name of:
John Linn (politician) (1763–1821), U.S. Representative from New Jersey
John Linn (Royal Engineer), British army engineer
John Blair Linn (1777–1804), American poet

See also
John Lynn (disambiguation)


Big Buck Bunny (code-named Project Peach) is a 2008 short computer-animated comedy film featuring animals of the forest, made by the Blender Institute, part of the Blender Foundation. Like the foundation's previous film, Elephants Dream, the film was made using Blender, a free and open-source software application for 3D computer modeling and animation developed by the same foundation. Unlike that earlier project, the tone and visuals departed from a cryptic story and dark visuals to one of comedy, cartoons, and light-heartedness.

It was released as an open-source film under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license.

Plot

The plot follows a day in the life of Big Buck Bunny, during which time he meets three bullying rodents: the leader, Frank the flying squirrel, and his sidekicks Rinky the red squirrel and Gimera the chinchilla. The rodents amuse themselves by harassing helpless creatures of the forest by throwing fruits, nuts, and rocks at them.

After the rodents kill two butterflies with an apple and a rock, and then attack Bunny, he sets aside his gentle nature and orchestrates a complex plan to avenge the two butterflies.

Using a variety of traps, Bunny first dispatches Rinky and Gimera. Frank, unaware of the fate of the other two, is seen taking off from a tree, and gliding towards a seemingly unsuspecting Bunny.  Once airborne, Frank triggers Bunny's final series of traps, causing Frank to crash into a tree branch and plummet into a spike trap below. At the last moment, Frank grabs onto what he believes is the branch of a small tree, but discovers it is just a twig Bunny is holding over the spikes. Bunny snatches up Frank.

The film concludes with Bunny being pleased with himself as a butterfly flies past him holding a string, at the end of which is Frank attached as a flying kite.

Production
Following Elephants Dream (2006), Big Buck Bunny is the first project by the Blender Foundation to be created by the Blender Institute, a division of the foundation set up specifically to facilitate the creation of open content films and games.

Work began in October 2007. The film was funded by the Blender Foundation, donations from the Blender community, pre-sales of the film's DVD and commercial sponsorship. Both the final product and production data, including animation data, characters and textures are released under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
It was rendered on Sun Microsystems' grid computing facility Sun Grid.

As in Elephants Dream, Blender developers worked extensively to improve the software in accordance with the needs of the movie team. Improvements were made in hair and fur rendering, the particle system, UV mapping, shading, the render pipeline, constraints, and skinning. Also introduced during the project was approximate ambient occlusion. These features were released to the public with Blender v. 2.46.

Release
The film was officially released in an April 10, 2008 premiere in Amsterdam while online movie downloads and files were released on May 30, 2008.

High-resolution, stereoscopic, high-frame-rate versions of the film were released in 2013 by Janus Kristensen's Big and Ugly Rendering Project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing platform.

The film was followed up with an open game titled Yo Frankie!, in August 2008.

Characters
The main character (called Big Buck Bunny) was also used in short films created by Renderfarm.fi: What is Renderfarm.fi? (2011) telling about the advantages of render farms and BBB loves CC (2012) promoting Creative Commons licences. The bunny's voice was performed by Jan Morgenstern, who was the composer of a Big Buck Bunny movie soundtrack.

Frank the flying squirrel is also the player character in the Blender Institute's 2009 video game Yo Frankie!.

See also

 Elephants Dream (2006)
 Sintel (2010)
 Tears of Steel (2012)

References

External links

2008 films
Dutch comedy films
Dutch animated short films
Computer-animated short films
Open content short films
Blender Foundation
Articles containing video clips
Creative Commons-licensed films
Animated films about rabbits and hares
Animated films about squirrels
Films released on YouTube


Lomont-sur-Crête (, literally Lomont on Ridge) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

Economy
A third of the village is involved in agriculture. It also has the only cheese factory in the canton that produces Comté, a hard cheese made from cow's milk that is similar to Gruyère.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lomont-sur-Crète on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


The Diocese of Vic  () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church with its seat in the city of Vic in the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain. Its cathedral is a basilica dedicated to Saint Peter.

History
A diocese was first established at Vic in the fifth century. After the Islamic conquest of Spain in 711, the diocese was abandoned.

The diocese was re-established in 886, shortly after the official re-settlement of the Plain of Vic had begun in 878. According to one theory, the new diocese was a product of the initiative of the Sunyer II, count of Empúries, and Teuter, bishop of Girona, to spread their influence westward at the expense of Count Wifred I of Osona. It is more likely that the see was re-founded with the support of Wifred, who petitioned the archdiocese of Narbonne to accept it as a suffragan. Although Vic was the traditional capital of the County of Osona, the county and the bishopric were not coterminous. The monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll, one of the most important in the diocese, lay within the County of Besalú. So long as the counts of Osona were also counts of Barcelona, they appointed viscounts to rule in Osona, and these usually resided at the castle of Cardona in the diocese of Urgell. As a result, the bishops of Vic came to control the city itself, blending public, private and ecclesiastical power there.

There is a surviving charter of King Odo dated 889, in which the king appears to grant the count of Osona to the bishop, but most of the text is of a later date and is unreliable. The king did grant the fortress at Artés to the bishop, as well as one third of public revenue in the county. By 911, when the will of Count Wifred II granted a third of the profits of the mints in Osona to the bishop, the latter had already replaced the viscount as the most powerful person in the county. During the reign of Louis IV (936–54), the bishop of Vic received royal confirmation of his monetary right. In 957, without any authority to do so, the bishop began keeping back all the profits of the mints for the church. Throughout the 10th century the counts of Osona sought to re-settle the west of the county and fortify the frontier. To this end they granted many frontier castles to the bishop to hold.

Minor basilicas
 Basilica of Santa Maria, Igualada
 Basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu, Manresa

Bishops

Medieval period
886–899 Gotmar, first bishop of the restored diocese
899–914 Idalguer
914–947 Jordi
948–957 Guadamir
957–971 Ató
972–993 Frujà
993–1010 Arnulf
1010–1017 Borrell
1017–1046 Oliba
1046–1076 Guillem de Balsareny
1076–1099 Berenguer Seniofred de Lluçà
1099–1101 Guillem Berenguer
1102–1109 Arnau de Malla
1109–1146 Ramon Gaufré
1147–1185 Pere de Redorta
1185–1194 Ramon Xetmar de Castellterçol
1195–1233 Guillem de Taverte
...
1424–1445 Jordi d'Ornós

Modern period
 Bishop Romà Casanova Casanova (since 2003.06.13)
 Bishop Josep Maria Guix Ferreres (1983.06.20 – 2003.06.13)
 Bishop Ramon Masnou i Boixeda (1955.12.02 – 1983.06.20)
 Bishop Joan Perelló i Pou, M.S.C. (1927.06.20 – 1955.07.27)
 Patriarch Francesc Muñoz i Izquierdo (1916.05.05 – 1925.12.14)
 Bishop Josep Torras i Bages (1899.06.19 – 1916.02.07)
 Bishop Josep Morgades i Gili (1882.03.27 – 1899.06.19)
 Bishop Pere Colomer i Mestres (1875.09.17 – 1881.08.30)
 Bishop Antoni Lluís Jordà i Soler (1866.01.08 – 1872.06.22)
 Bishop Joan-Josep Castanyer i Ribas (1857.12.21 – 1865.05.18)
 Bishop Antoni Palau i Térmens (1853.12.22 – 1857.09.25)
 Bishop Llucià Casadevall i Duran (1848.07.03 – 1852.03.10)
 Bishop Pau Jesús Corcuera i Caserta (1824.10.19 – 1835.07.03)
 Bishop Ramon Strauch i Vidal, O.F.M. (1816.09.23 – 1823.04.16)
 Bishop Francesc de Veyan i Mola (1783.12.15 – 1815.12.30)
 Bishop Antoni Manuel de Hartalejo López, O. de M. (1777.02.17 – 1782.06.18)
 Bishop Bartolomé Sarmentero, O.F.M. (1752.07.17 – 1775.12.06)
 Bishop Manuel Muñoz Guil (1744.07.13 – 1750.09.30)
 Bishop Ramon de Marimon i de Corbera-Santcliment (1720.12.16 – 1744.01.16)
 Bishop Manuel de Santjust Pagès (1710.02.19 – 1720.06.18)
 Bishop Antoni Pascual (1684–1704)
 Bishop Jaume Mas (1674–1684)
 Bishop Jaume de Copons i de Tamarit (1665–1674)
 Bishop Brauli Sunyer (1663–1664)
 Bishop Francesc Crespí de Valldaura i Brizuela (1656–1662)
 Bishop Ramon de Senmenat i Lanuza (1640.01.20 – 1655.10.25)
 Bishop Gaspar Gil i Miravete de Blancas (1634.11.20 – 1638.08.25)
 Bishop Pere de Magarola i Fontanet (1627.03.22 – 1634.03.22)
 Bishop Andrés de San Jerónimo, O.S.H. (1614.08.27 – 1625.09.28)
 Bishop Antoni Gallart i de Treginer (1612.03.19 – 1613.12.16)
 Bishop Onofre de Reard (1608.03.03 – 1611.12.19)
 Bishop Francesc Robuster i Sala (1598.05.05 – 1607.04.27)
 Bishop Joan Vila (1597.02.27 – 1597.09.24)
 Bishop Pere Jaime (1587.08.07 – 1597.03.10)
 Bishop Joan Baptista de Cardona (1584.07.04 – 1587.03.18)
 Bishop Pere d'Aragó (1577.01.14 – 1584.05.04)
 Bishop Bernat de Jossa i de Cardona, O.S.B. (1574.10.15 – 1575.09.21)
 Bishop Benet de Tocco, O.S.B. (1564.11.06 – 1572.09.05)
 Bishop Braulio Sunyer (1563.01.05 – 1567)
 Archbishop Acisclo Moya de Contreras (1554.07.06 – 1564.01.27)
 Bishop Joan de Tormo (1510.12.09 – 1553.01.01)
 Bishop Joan d'Enguera, O.P. (1505.12.19 – 1510.12.09)

Churches

Sant Jaume de Vallverd

References

Notes

Sources

External links
GCatholic.org
Catholic Hierarchy
Diocese website
Bishops of Vic Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Dioceses established in the 5th century

ca:Llista de bisbes de Vic


Wilfred "Wilf" Mott is a recurring fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by Bernard Cribbins. He is the grandfather of the Tenth Doctor's companion Donna Noble, and father of her mother, Sylvia Noble. As companion to the Doctor, an alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, Donna travelled through space and time in the show's 2008 series, having numerous adventures. A believer in extraterrestrial life himself, Wilfred was proud of his granddaughter's adventures and helped to keep them a secret from her overbearing mother. He later became the Tenth Doctor's final companion in "The End of Time".

Cribbins was originally intended to appear only in the 2007 Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", but when Howard Attfield was forced to retire from his role as Donna's father, Geoff Noble, due to illness (Attfield subsequently died), creator Russell T Davies reconceived Cribbins' role as Donna's grandfather and replaced Attfield with him for the fourth series. In May 2022, Cribbins was reportedly due to reprise the role for the series' 60th anniversary special in 2023, having been spotted on the set of the special. This will mark the final appearance of Wilfred and Cribbins' final acting role before his death on 27 July 2022.

Character history
Wilfred Mott first appears in "Voyage of the Damned" (2007). The Doctor and Astrid Peth meet him shortly after teleporting down to Earth. He mans a newspaper stand, and is one of the few people to remain in London over Christmas following the bizarre events during each Christmas in recent years ("The Christmas Invasion" and "The Runaway Bride"). He is a staunch monarchist. He witnesses the Doctor and Astrid being teleported back to the intergalactic cruiser Titanic.

Donna Noble calls him "Gramps". In the episode "Partners in Crime", Wilfred is revealed to be an amateur astronomer who spends his evenings stargazing with his telescope from an allotment. He has an interest in alien conspiracies, and is somewhat eccentric in his beliefs. He has a good relationship with his granddaughter who joins him on the allotment when she wishes to escape her mother's nagging. Donna asks him to tell her if he ever sees "a little blue box" and vaguely describes the Doctor to him. After Donna joins the Doctor, the pair make a fly-by of the allotment in the TARDIS, its door open, which astonishes Wilfred. Donna waves to him from the TARDIS door and he is elated to see that she is following her desire for adventure. Wilfred wears on his hat the badge of the Parachute Regiment, in which Cribbins served during his National Service.

In "The Sontaran Strategem", Wilfred is reunited with his granddaughter and the Doctor, whom (Donna is shocked to learn) he has met previously. His absence in "The Runaway Bride" is explained by him being ill with what he believed to be Spanish flu. When the ATMOS devices activate, he is trapped in the family car where the Doctor and Donna try to rescue him; the episode ends with him still trapped and choking in his car. In "The Poison Sky", Sylvia saves him by smashing the windscreen with an axe kept by the front door of her house.

In a parallel world in "Turn Left", in which the Doctor died without ever meeting Donna, Donna wins a holiday for her family in the country, and Wilfred is thus not at his news stand at Christmas as otherwise depicted in "Voyage of the Damned". Without the Doctor, the interstellar cruiser Titanic crashes into Central London, obliterating the metropolis in a massive nuclear explosion. Following the disaster, the United States pledges much-needed aid to the collapsing United Kingdom, prompting Wilfred to shout "God bless America!", though the anticipated aid is cancelled after millions in the U.S. are killed as a result of Miss Foster's selection of the U.S. as a breeding ground for the Adipose. Wilfred and his family are evacuated to Leeds with countless other refugees. They share an apartment with an Italian immigrant family, who initially annoy the Nobles but who Wilfred quickly befriends. References are made there to his military service: an Italian immigrant friend calls him "my captain" and salutes him as he leaves. Wilfred becomes distressed when his friend is taken to a labour camp when a new far-right government places Britain under martial law, noting, "that's what they called them last time," alluding to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

In "The Stolen Earth", Wilfred takes it upon himself to fight the Daleks, armed with a paintball gun, reasoning that shooting them in the eyepiece will blind them. The Dalek he attempts to blind dissolves the paint from its eyepiece, and states: "My vision is not impaired". He and Sylvia are rescued from the Dalek by Rose Tyler who destroys the Dalek and returns with them to their home to try to contact the Doctor. Due to Wilfred not owning a webcam, his computer can only provide Rose with one-way communication of former Prime Minister Harriet Jones' video conference with her militia of the Doctor's companions. Wilfred is impressed by Harriet, remarking he voted for her; only for Sylvia to remark he did not. He watches in shock as Harriet is exterminated by the Daleks on the computer.

In "Journey's End" because Donna's memory was wiped, Wilfred sees the Doctor off on her behalf, and promises whenever he looks up at the stars, he'll think of the Doctor, whom he considers a very close friend and almost a family member.  Against Sylvia's claims that Donna was just as good before travelling with the Time Lord, Wilfred stands his ground and compels his daughter to admit that the Doctor made Donna a better person. While he agrees to keep the Doctor a secret, he also promises to keep watch for him in Donna's place in memory of his actions.

Wilfred returns one last time in "The End of Time", in which he has repeated visions of the Master. He then repeatedly meets an unnamed woman and discovers depictions of the TARDIS included in historical art. He searches for and finds the Doctor. The Doctor has come to Earth to find the Master, and Wilfred promptly joins him as a companion, the Doctor tries to stop him but partially because he does not want to deal with his furious daughter. The mysterious woman appears on television to tell Wilfred that he must take arms, prompting him to carry his old service revolver from his service in the British Army. The Doctor begins to suspect that something is keeping Wilfred close to him. They go to Joshua Naismith's mansion, where the Master turns the human race into himself, but Wilfred is protected by the Doctor by placing him inside a chamber shielded from radiation. The Doctor and Wilfred are captured by the Master, but are rescued by two aliens, Addams and Rossiter. Donna, who survived the incident, places a cell phone call to Wilfred which the Master tracks, but she kills her pursuers when a fail-safe mechanism placed by the Doctor to suppress her memories activates. On the alien ship after being rescued, Wilfred tries to convince the Doctor to take his gun and kill the Master but fails. During the following missile attack on their ship, Wilfred gleefully mans a laser cannon to defend the ship. Upon their return to Earth, Wilfred traps himself in the radiation booth again while freeing a technician trapped in there and watches the Doctor's confrontation with the Master and Rassilon.  Afterwards, when the Doctor thinks he is safe, Wilfred fulfills the prophecy that "he will knock four times" by knocking four times on the door to get the Doctor's attention. As the booth is about to be flooded with radiation, the Doctor blames himself for not stopping Wilfred from coming with him, had he known he would die. In order to free Wilfred, the Doctor must sacrifice himself by exposing himself to the radiation instead. Wilfred tells him to go, saying he has lived his life, but the Doctor saves him anyway, telling him "It's my honour." The radiation the Doctor absorbs to save Wilfred forces him to regenerate into his eleventh incarnation. Wilfred felt it's his fault for not listened to the Doctor to stay at home or at the TARDIS or kill the Master himself. He is last seen at Donna's wedding, Wilfred is again visited by the dying Tenth Doctor, who gives him and Sylvia a winning lottery ticket as a wedding present for Donna. The Doctor had purchased the ticket with money borrowed in the past from Wilfred's late son-in-law, Geoff Noble. As the Doctor leaves for the last time, Wilfred tearfully salutes him.

Wilfred is set to appear in the series' 2023 60th Anniversary specials, which will serve as the character's final appearances following Cribbins' death in July 2022.

Production

Wilfred was played by Bernard Cribbins who appeared in the second Doctor Who film, Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, as companion Special Constable Tom Campbell, a character replacing that of Ian Chesterton from the television serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth on which the film was based. Cribbins was also considered for the fourth Doctor in 1974. In 2006, he became part of the revived series when a photograph of him at a wedding was used in the BBC's tie-in website for "Tooth and Claw". Cribbins also played a rock band manager in the Eighth Doctor radio play "Horror of Glam Rock" broadcast on BBC 7 in 2007.

Cribbins brought elements of his own costume for the role when filming "Voyage of the Damned", such as the hat with the Parachute Regiment badge from his National Service days.

Producer Phil Collinson stated in an interview for SFX that Wilfred Mott will "crop up again in the series several times". Collinson says of Cribbins "it's a great privilege to have him on set, he's wonderful" and "now we’ve got him we’re keeping him! He is brilliant." Wilfred is not "strictly speaking" linked to Series 4's joining thread, but in the commentary for the first episode, it was suggested that his meeting the Doctor in the Christmas special may not have been accidental.

Following Wilfred Mott's appearance in "Voyage of the Damned", the character was reintroduced as a recurring character and it was established that he is Donna Noble's grandfather. The character replaces that of Donna's father, Geoff Noble, played by Howard Attfield in "The Runaway Bride", because Attfield died after filming scenes for "Partners in Crime". Collinson had the idea that Wilfred should be Donna's grandfather after Executive Producer Russell T Davies had decided that a grandfather character should replace the father character after Attfield's death. Davies and fellow Executive Producer Julie Gardner liked the idea, so Davies wrote Wilfred into "Partners in Crime". The character Cribbins portrayed in "Voyage of the Damned" was originally to have been called "Stan", but Davies felt that this was not a suitable name for a recurring character and renamed him "Wilfred". Davies was able to get the credits for "Voyage of the Damned" changed before its broadcast for consistency.

Reception
Laura Pledger of Radio Times named Cribbins the best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "When he wasn't making you smile, Wilfred Mott broke your heart". SFX placed the character at number 13 in a 2009 article listing the 27 things they loved best about the revival of Doctor Who.

References

External links

 Wilfred Mott on BBC's Doctor Who website

Television characters introduced in 2007
Fictional people from London
Fictional World War II veterans
Doctor Who companions
British male characters in television
Recurring characters in Doctor Who


Roy Woodroe Harmon (May 3, 1916 – July 12, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography

Harmon joined the Army from Pixley, California, and by July 12, 1944, was serving as a Sergeant in Company C, 362nd Infantry Regiment, 91st Infantry Division. On that day, near Casaglia, Italy, he single-handedly attacked three German positions which were firing on a friendly platoon. He destroyed one position and, despite being wounded on his approach, continued to silence another. He was killed while attacking the third position. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor a year later, on October 2, 1945. Harmon was buried at the Florence American Cemetery in Florence, Italy.

Medal of Honor citation
Sergeant Harmon's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He was an acting squad leader when heavy machinegun fire from enemy positions, well dug in on commanding ground and camouflaged by haystacks, stopped his company's advance and pinned down 1 platoon where it was exposed to almost certain annihilation. Ordered to rescue the beleaguered platoon by neutralizing the German automatic fire, he led his squad forward along a draw to the right of the trapped unit against 3 key positions which poured murderous fire into his helpless comrades. When within range, his squad fired tracer bullets in an attempt to set fire to the 3 haystacks which were strung out in a loose line directly to the front, 75, 150, and 250 yards away. Realizing that this attack was ineffective, Sgt. Harmon ordered his squad to hold their position and voluntarily began a 1-man assault. Carrying white phosphorus grenades and a submachine gun, he skillfully took advantage of what little cover the terrain afforded and crept to within 25 yards of the first position. He set the haystack afire with a grenade, and when 2 of the enemy attempted to flee from the inferno, he killed them with his submachine gun. Crawling toward the second machinegun emplacement, he attracted fire and was wounded; but he continued to advance and destroyed the position with hand grenades, killing the occupants. He then attacked the third machinegun, running to a small knoll, then crawling over ground which offered no concealment or cover. About halfway to his objective, he was again wounded. But he struggled ahead until within 20 yards of the machinegun nest, where he raised himself to his knees to throw a grenade. He was knocked down by direct enemy fire. With a final, magnificent effort, he again arose, hurled the grenade and fell dead, riddled by bullets. His missile fired the third position, destroying it. Sgt. Harmon's extraordinary heroism, gallantry, and self-sacrifice saved a platoon from being wiped out, and made it possible for his company to advance against powerful enemy resistance.

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

Notes

References

 Murray, Nicholas. "Roy William Woodrow Harmon." America's Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Iraq, edited by James Willbanks. ABC-CLIO, 2011.

1916 births
1944 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
United States Army soldiers
People from Rogers County, Oklahoma
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor


This is a list of circuits which have hosted a Superbike World Championship round from  to . The first circuit that hosted a World Championship round was Donington Park.

List

Notes

See also
List of motor racing venues by capacity

Superbike World Championship


Roland Alexander (September 25, 1935 – June 14, 2006) was an American post-bop jazz musician.

Early life
Born in Boston, Alexander grew up with his parents and sister, Gloria, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a bachelor's degree in music composition from the Boston Conservatory in 1958.

Career
Alexander played tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, and piano. He was a prolific composer and arranger who wrote and played for many of the better known bands in Boston during the 1950s, i.e. Sabby Lewis, Preston 'Sandy' Sandiford, Richie Lowery, Jaki Byard and many more. He co-led a group called the Boston All Stars that featured Trumpeter Joe Gordon, and after Joe Gordon left to play with Dizzy Gillespie's band Joe was replaced by a few of the more innovative trumpet soloists in the area, like Wajid Lateef (Crazy Wilbur Lucaw), and Gordon Wooly. He then moved to New York City in 1958. In addition to two solo releases, he played and recorded with John Coltrane, Howard McGhee, Max Roach, Sonny Rollins, Roy Haynes, Philly Joe Jones, Blue Mitchell, Sam Rivers, Archie Shepp, and Mal Waldron.

Discography

As leader
 1961: Pleasure Bent (Prestige) with Marcus Belgrave
 1978: Live at the Axis (Kharma) with Malachi Thompson and Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre

As sideman
With Paul Chambers
 High Step (Blue Note, 1956 [1975)
With Eddie Gale
 Black Rhythm Happening (Blue Note, 1969)
With Abdullah Ibrahim
 African Space Program (Enja, 1973)
With Howard McGhee
 Dusty Blue (Bethlehem, 1960)
With Charlie Persip
 Charles Persip and the Jazz Statesmen (Bethlehem, 1960)
With Max Roach
 Drums Unlimited (Atlantic, 1965)
With James Spaulding
 Songs of Courage (Muse, 1991 [1993])

References

External links
[ Roland Alexander] at AllMusic

1935 births
2006 deaths
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
Prestige Records artists
20th-century American saxophonists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Frank Paulus (born 7 September 1978) is a German footballer who plays as a right-back.

Career
Paulus began his career with 1. FC Köln, where he progressed to the reserve team, before leaving the club in 1999, following coach Colin Bell to Dynamo Dresden of the Regionalliga Nordost. Paulus's first season at Dynamo was unsuccessful, as the club failed to make the cut with the Regionalliga being reduced from four regions to two, and Bell was sacked after under a year in charge, but Paulus stuck around, and two years later, helped the club return to the third tier, as they won the NOFV-Oberliga in 2002.

After one season at this level, Paulus made the step up to the 2. Bundesliga, signing for Alemannia Aachen. The 2003–04 season was a successful one for the club, as they missed promotion by just one point, and reached the DFB-Pokal final, losing 3–2 against Werder Bremen. Paulus, who played the full 90 minutes of the final, was considered as part of a new, exciting generation of Alemannia players, along with team-mates Dennis Brinkmann and Emmanuel Krontiris.

Werder had also won the league title, so Aachen were entitled to enter the UEFA Cup as cup runners-up. Paulus played in five matches as the club reached the first knockout round, including ties against Lille, AEK, and Aachen's eventual conquerors AZ. However, he only made nine league appearances during the 2004–05 season, and left in summer 2005, to sign for Holstein Kiel of the Regionalliga Nord. He left Kiel after two years, and spent six months without a club, before returning to Dresden, signing for SC Borea Dresden. He spent just over three and a half seasons with Borea, but in September 2011, the club withdrew its Oberliga team. Briefly a free agent, Paulus signed for Chemie Leipzig. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Paulus left Chemie to sign for lower league side VfL Pirna-Copitz.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
1. FC Köln II players
Dynamo Dresden players
Alemannia Aachen players
Holstein Kiel players
BSG Chemie Leipzig (1997) players
2. Bundesliga players
People from Wetzlar
Footballers from Giessen (region)


Fama or FAMA may refer to:

People
 Eugene Fama (born 1939), American economist
 Mary Fama (1938–2021), New Zealand applied mathematician

Places
 Fama, Mali
 Fama, Minas Gerais

Music
 FAMA, Hong Kong hip hop duo
 Fama (band), a band originally from Houston, Texas

Organisations
  (FAMA), a defunct airline of Argentina, predecessor of Aerolíneas Argentinas
 Fama International, a collective of writers, artists, journalists from Sarajevo
 Forces Armées Maliennes (FAMa), the French name for the Malian Armed Forces

Other uses
 408 Fama, asteroid
 Fama IM, instant messaging
 Freshwater And Marine Aquarium, a consumer fishkeeping magazine
 Pheme (Greek) or Fama (Roman), personification of fame and renown
 HMS Fama, British navy ships

See also
 La Fama, Mexican TV series


The Social Buccaneer is a 1923 American film serial directed by Robert F. Hill. The serial consisted of ten episodes and was based on the novel of the same name by Frederic S. Isham. The Social Buccaneer is now considered to be a lost film.

Cast
 Jack Mulhall as Jack Norton
 Margaret Livingston as Princess Elise
 William Welsh as Raymond Norton
 Harry De Vere as Harvey Vail
 Wade Boteler as Madison Ames
 Percy Challenger as Steele
 Lucille Ricksen as Lucille Vail
 Robert Anderson as Terry Malone
 Buck Connors as Phillip Dupre (as George Connors)
 Tom London as Louis Lenoir (as Leonard Clapham)
 Sidney Bracey as Bentley Craven
 Tote Du Crow
 Fontaine La Rue
 Scott Pembroke as Undetermined Role (unconfirmed)

Episodes
 Missing Millions
 Secret Ally
 Tell-Tale Coin
 Spider's Web
 Black Shadows
 Into the Depths
 A Kingdom at Stake
 Treason
 The Coronation
 Justice Triumphant

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio
 List of lost films

References

External links

1920s American films
1923 films
1923 crime drama films
1923 lost films
1923 romantic drama films
American crime drama films
American romantic drama films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Robert F. Hill
Lost American films
Universal Pictures film serials
Silent romantic drama films
Silent American drama films
1920s English-language films


Paul Richards (born 14 May 1945) is an emeritus professor of technology and agrarian development at Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and adjunct professor at Njala University in central Sierra Leone. He was formerly a professor in the Department of Anthropology, University College London for many years, and previously taught anthropology and geography, at the
School of Oriental and African Studies, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background

Richards is an anthropological commentator and researcher on agricultural technology and African farming systems. Initially trained in human geography (BSc Queen Mary University of London, 1963–1966) and African Studies (MA SOAS, 1966–1967), he taught in Ibadan, Nigeria before completing a PhD in geography and specialising in Sierra Leone (PhD London, 1973–1977). He has worked in Sierra Leone for over forty years, conducting ethnographic studies of Mende village rice farming systems and forest conservation on the Liberian border. After the region became affected by the Sierra Leonean civil war (1992-2002), he turned to analysis of that conflict and has written more widely on the anthropology of armed conflicts, and the Ebola crisis.

Work on agriculture
Richards argues, following Durkheim, that human technique and skill underpins human action and institutional change. He began by examining everyday livelihood activities like farming. He coined the term "agriculture as performance" based on years of observing the reflexivity of African farmers and their responses to stress and risks, and drawing on his own skills and interest in music and musical performance. His populist faith in African farmers to survive and prosper, despite the magnitude of the risks that faced, was set out in Indigenous Agricultural Revolution (1985), a book that generated fierce debate, since it accused agronomic research and international development organisations of missing the "moving target" of peasant farming and failing to see how innovations took place outside the realm of "formal" science and laboratories. The book's ideas were diametrically opposed to those of more pessimistic observers that lacked detailed field knowledge, that had often accused the same farmers of environmental degradation. Richards has proposed the term "technography" to describe the set of detailed research skills needed by anthropologists, and others, to understand how technology is deployed and used. Technographies have been conducted by teams including several Wageningen University research students and collaborators.

Work on war

Fighting for the Rain Forest (1996) showed how the involvement of youth in Sierra Leonean rebel movements had little to do with widely perceived "barbarism" of rebel groups in resource-rich regions. War is, also, part of a "performance" with its origins in history, social orders, and human agency. Paul Richards witnessed some of the fighting during the war, continuing to visit the country. The widely held "New Barbarism" theories of Robert D. Kaplan and others had suggested abundant natural resources, like Sierra Leone's blood diamonds, were a magnet for human greed and civil conflict. Instead, Richards has argued that the involvement of youth in the Revolutionary United Front rebel movement was a form of social resistance to matriarchal rule in Sierra Leone, did not appear to have a strong underlying motive of greed (for the diamond revenues), and was a considered response rather than a spontaneous, 'barbaric' movement. Grievances were partly responsible for the violence that undoubtedly did afflict Sierra Leone during its civil war and for which the Revolutionary United Front was partly responsible. Richards has advised aid and humanitarian agencies on African post-war reconstruction, demobilization and skills-training.

Published work

Books

Richards, P. (ed.) 1975. African Environment: Problems and Perspectives. London: International African Institute.
Richards, P. 1985. Indigenous Agricultural Revolution. Ecology and Food Crops in West Africa. Methuen.
Richards, P. 1986. Coping with hunger. Hazard and Experiment in a West African Rice Farming System. London: UCL Press.
Last, M., P. Richards, C. Fyfe. 1987. Sierra Leone, 1787-1987: two centuries of intellectual life. Manchester University Press. [Africa 57(4)]
Richards, P. 1996. Fighting for the Rain Forest. War, Youth & Resources in Sierra Leone. Oxford: James Currey.
Richards, P. & Ruivenkamp, G. 1997. Seeds and Survival. Crop Genetic Resources in War and Reconstruction in Africa. Rome: IPGRI.
Richards, P. (ed.) 2005. No Peace, No War. An Anthropology of Contemporary Armed Conflicts. Oxford: James Currey.
Richards, P. 2016. Ebola: How a People's Science Helped End an Epidemic. London: Zed Books.
Richards, P. and Perri 6. 2017. Mary Douglas: Understanding social thought and conflict. New York: Berghahn Books.
E. Bulte, P. Richards and M.Voors. 2018. Institutions and Agrarian Development: A New Approach to West Africa. Palgrave Macmillan/Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98500-8

Articles and book chapters (incomplete)

High, C., & P. Richards. 1972. "The random walk drainage simulation model as a teaching exercise", Journal of Geography 71(1), 41–51.
Richards, P. 1972. "A quantitative analysis of the relationship between language tone and melody in a Hausa song". African Language Studies 13, 137-161
High, C., J. Oguntoyinbo and P. Richards. 1973. "Rainfall, drought and food supply in South-Western Nigeria". Savanna, 2(2), 115–120.
Richards, P. 1974. "Kant’s geography and mental maps". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 61, 1–16.
Richards, P. 1975. "'Alternative' strategies for the African environment: folk ecology as a basis for community oriented agricultural development". In: P. Richards, Editor, African Environment: Problems and Perspectives, IAI, London.
Filani, M. O. and P. Richards. 1976. "Periodic market systems and rural development: the Ibarapa case study". Savanna 5(2), 149–162.
Oguntoyinbo, J. S., and P. Richards. 1977. "The extent and intensity of the 1969-1973 drought in Nigeria: a provisional analysis". In: D. Dalby, R.J. Harrison Church & F. Bezzaz. Drought in Africa, International African Institute London, pp. 114–126.
Otuntoyinbo, J., and P. Richards. 1978. "Drought and the Nigerian farmer". Journal of Arid Environments 1:165–194.
Richards, P. 1978. "Problem-generating structures in Nigeria's rural development". African Affairs 77(307), 257–259.
Richards, P. 1978. "Environment, settlement and state formation in pre-colonial Nigeria". In: Green, D. R., Haselgrove, C., and M. Spriggs (eds). Social Organisation and Settlement: Contributions from Anthropology, Archaeology and Geography. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
Richards, P. 1979. "A Green Revolution in Africa?" African Affairs 78(311), 269–272.
Richards, P. 1979. "Community Environmental Knowledge in African Rural Development". IDS Bulletin, 10 (2).
Richards, P. 1980. "The environmental factor in African studies". Progress in Human Geography. 4(4), 589–60.
Richards, P. 1980. "Community environmental knowledge in African rural development". In Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Development, eds D. W. Brokensha, D. M. Warren, and O. Werner, pp. 183–203. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
Richards, P. 1981. "Quality and quantity in agricultural work-Sierra Leone rice farming systems". In: G. A. Harrison. Energy and Effort. London : Taylor & Francis.
Richards, P. 1983. "Farming systems and agrarian change in West Africa". Progress in Human Geography 7(1), 1–39.
Richards, P. 1983. "Ecological change and the politics of African land use". African Studies Review 26(2), 1-72.
Richards, P. 1984. "Spatial organization as a theme in African studies". Progress in Human Geography 8, 551–561.
Richards, P. 1985. "Farmers also experiment: a neglected intellectual resource in African science". Discovery and Innovation 1, pp. 19–25.
Richards, P. 1987. "The politics of famine—Some recent literature". African Affairs 86, 111–116.
Richards, P. 1987. "Africa in the music of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor". Africa 57(4), 566-571
Richards, P. 1987. "Upland and swamp rice farming systems in Sierra Leone: an evolutionary transition?" In: B. L. Turner II and S. B. Brush (eds). Comparative Farming Systems. Guilford Press. pp. 156–187.
Richards, P. 1989. "Doing what comes naturally: ecological inventiveness in African rice farming". In: R. E. Johannes (ed.). Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Collection of Essays, IUCN, 51–56.
Richards, P. 1989. "Agriculture as a performance". In R. Chambers, A. Pacey and L. Thrupp (eds), Farmer First: Farmer Innovation and Agricultural Research. London: Intermediate Technology, pp. 39–42.
Richards, P. 1990. "Local strategies for coping with hunger: central Sierra Leone and northern Nigeria compared". African Affairs 89(355), 265–275.
Richards, P. 1992. "Saving the rainforest? Contested futures in conservation". In: S. Wallman. Contemporary futures: Perspectives from Social Anthropology.
Richards, P. 1992. "Landscapes of dissent: Ikale and Ikaje country, 1870-1950". In: J. F. Aye Ayadi and J. D. Y. Peel. People and Empires in African History: Essays in Memory of Michael Crowder. Longman, London.
Richards, P. 1993. "Cultivation: knowledge or performance?" In Hobart, M. (ed). An Anthropological Critique of Development: the Growth of Ignorance. London, Routledge, 61–78
Richards, P. 1993. "Natural symbols and natural history: Chimpanzees, elephants and experiments in Mende thought". In: K. Milton (ed.). Environmentalism: The View from Anthropology. Routledge.
Richards, P. 1995. "Rebellion in Liberia and Sierra Leone: a crisis of youth?" In: O.W. Furley (ed.). Conflict in Africa, I.B. Tauris: London.
Richards, P. 1995. "The versatility of the poor: indigenous wetland management systems in Sierra Leone". GeoJournal 35(2), 197–203.
Richards, P. 1995. "Participatory Rural Appraisal: a quick and dirty critique". PLA Notes. 24, 13–16.
Richards, P., J. Guyer. 1996. "The invention of biodiversity: social perspectives on the management of biological variety in Africa". Africa 66(1).
Richards, P. 1996. "Culture and community values in the selection and maintenance of African rice". In: S. Brush & Doreen Stabinsky, eds, Valuing Local Knowledge: indigenous people and intellectual property rights. Island Press, Washington DC.
Richards, P., & G. Ruivenkamp. 1996. "New tools for conviviality: social shaping of biotechnology". In: P. Descola & G. Palsson, eds. Nature and Society: anthropological perspectives.
Richards, P. 1996. "Agrarian creolization: the ethnobiology, history, culture and politics of West African rice". In: R. Ellen and K. Fukui, eds. Redefining Nature: Ecology, culture and domestication, 291–318.
Richards. P. 1997. "Toward an African Green Revolution?: An Anthropology of Rice Research in Sierra Leone". In E. Nyerges, ed., The Ecology of Practice: Studies of Food Crop Production in Sub-Saharan West Africa. Newark: Gordon & Breach.
Peters, K., & P. Richards. 1998. "Why we fight: Voices of youth combatants in Sierra Leone". Africa 68(2), 183–210.
Peters, K., & P. Richards. 1998. "Jeunes combattants parlant de la guerre et de la paix en Sierra Leone", Cahiers d'Etudes africaines, 150–152, 581–617.
Richards, P. 1999. "New political violence in Africa: secular sectarianism in Sierra Leone". GeoJournal 47, 433–442.
Richards, P. 1999. "Casting seeds to the four winds: a modest proposal for plant genetic diversity management", in Posey, D. A. (ed.), Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, Nairobi & London: UNEP & IT Publications.
Richards, P. 2000. "Chimpanzees as political animals in Sierra Leone". In J. Knight, Natural Enemies: People-wildlife Conflicts in Anthropological Perspective. Routledge.
Richards, P. "A Pan-African Composer? Coleridge-Taylor and Africa". Black Music Research Journal 21(),
Archibald, S., & P. Richards. 2002. "Converts to human rights? Popular debate about war and justice in rural central Sierra Leone". Africa 72(3), 339–367.
Richards, P., and C. Vlassenroot. 2002. "Les guerres africaines du type fleuve Mano: pour une analyse sociale". Politique Africaine 88, 13–26.
Richards. P. 2002. "Green Book Millenarians? The Sierra Leone War from the Perspective of an Anthropology of Religion". In Niels Kastfelt, ed., Religion and Civil War in Africa, London: C. Hurst.
Archibald, S., & P. Richards. 2002. "Seeds and rights: new approaches to post-war agricultural rehabilitation in Sierra Leone". Disasters 26(4, 356–67.
Richards, P. 2002. "Militia conscription in Sierra Leone: recruitment of young fighters in an African war". Comparative Social Research 20, 255–276.
Richards, P. 2005. "War as smoke and mirrors: Sierra Leone 1991-2, 1994-5, 1995-6". Anthropological Quarterly 78(2), 377–402.
Richards, P. 2006. "An accidental sect: How war made belief in Sierra Leone". Review of African Political Economy 33(110), 651 - 663.
Richards, P. 2006. "The history and future of African rice. Food security and survival in a West African war zone". Afrika Spectrum 41(1), 77–93.
Richards, P. 2006. "Young men and gender in war and post-war reconstruction: some comparative findings from Liberia and Sierra Leone". In I. Bannon and Maria Correia, eds, The Other Half of Gender: men’s issues in development, Washington: World Bank, pp. 195–218.
Richards, P. 2007. "How does participation work? Deliberation and performance in African food security". IDS Bulletin 38(5), 21–35.
Richards, P. 2007. "The emotions at war: a musicological approach to understanding atrocity in Sierra Leone". In Perri 6, S. Radstone, C. Squire & A. Treacher (eds), Public emotions. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Peters, K., & P. Richards. 2007. "Understanding recent African wars", Africa 77(3), 442–454.
Richards, P. 2007. "Is a right to technology an antidote to war?" In G. Frerks & B. Goldwijk (eds) New Human Security Challenges: alternative discourses. Wageningen: Wageningen University Press.
Richards, P., M. Rizzo, M. L. Weiss, C. Steinerd & S. England. 2010. "Do Peasants Need GM Crops?" (review), Journal of Peasant Studies 37(3): 559-574
Richards, P. 2010. "Ritual dynamics in humanitarian assistance". Disasters 34: 138–146
Richards, P. 2010. A Green Revolution from below? Retirement address, Wageningen University.
 Krijn, P., P. Richards. 2011. "Rebellion and Agrarian Tensions in Sierra Leone". Journal of Agrarian Change 11(3):377-395
 Cramer, C., and P. Richards. 2011. "Violence and War in Agrarian Perspective". Journal of Agrarian Change 11 (3): 277-297
 Mokuwa E., M. Voors, E. Bulte and P. Richards. 2011. "Peasant grievance and insurgency in Sierra Leone: Judicial serfdom as a driver of conflict". African Affairs 110(440): 339–366.
 Nuijten E., & P. Richards. 2011. "Pollen flows within and between rice and millet fields in relation to farmer variety development in The Gambia". Plant Genetic Resources 9 :361-374.
 Mokuwa, A., Nuijten, H.A.C.P., Okry, F., Teeken, B.W.E., Maat, H., Richards, P. and Struik, P.C. 2013. Robustness and Strategies of Adaptation among Farmer Varieties of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima) and Asian Rice (Oryza sativa) across West Africa. PLoS One 8 (2013)3.
 Grijspaarde, H., Voors, M., Bulte, E., and Richards, P. 2013. Who believes in witches? Institutional flux in Sierra Leone. African Affairs 112/446: 22–47.

References

External links
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/anthropology/people/honorary/p_richards
http://www.wur.nl/en/Expertise-Services/Chair-groups/Social-Sciences/KnowledgeTechnology-and-Innovation-Group/People/Emeritus-Staff-1.htm

1945 births
Living people
British anthropologists
Academics of University College London
Academic staff of Wageningen University and Research
Academic staff of the University of Ibadan
British expatriates in Sierra Leone
British expatriates in Nigeria
Academic staff of Njala University


The Diocese of San Miniato () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Florence.

History

In 1248 San Genesio was completely destroyed. In 1397 the town was taken by Florence, and was placed under the control of a vicar appointed by the government of Florence. From 21 January 1529 to November 1530 San Miniato was attacked and besieged by Spanish forces. More than 300 inhabitants were killed.

From 1248 the Chapter of the collegiate church of San Genesio was transferred to San Miniato, and in 1527 the head of the Chapter was granted the privilege of wearing pontifical vestments, the mitre, and the use of the pastoral staff, inside the territory of San Miniato. In 1408 the Republic of Florence wished to have it made an episcopal see, being then a territory in the archdiocese of Lucca, but the effort failed.

The situation changed when Maria Maddelena of Austria, the wife of Duke Cosimo II of Tuscany took up residence in S. Miniato, and made herself its patron. She successfully put pressure on Pope Gregory XV. On 5 December 1622 the town (oppidum) of San Miniato was raised to the dignity of a city (civitas), and was named the seat of a bishop by Pope Gregory XV. The church of S. Maria and S. Genesius was elevated to the status of a cathedral. The cathedral Chapter was to consist of two dignities (the Provost and the Archpriest) and twelve Canons. In 1755, there was only one dignity, and fourteen Canons.

The first bishop was Franceseo Nori (1624).

Diocesan synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

Bishop Alessandro Strozzi (1632–1648) held a diocesan synod on 1 December 1638. On 19 June 1685, Bishop Michele Carlo Cortigiani (1683–1703) held a diocesan synod; he held another on 3 October 1690; and another on 15 September 1699. Bishop Giovanni Francesco Maria Poggi, O.S.M. (1703–1719) held a diocesan synod on 21–22 May 1707. Bishop Torello Romolo Pierazzi (1834–1851) held a diocesan synod in 1843.

Bishops
Francesco Nori (1624–1631)
Alessandro Strozzi (1632–1648)
Angelo Pichi (Pico) (1648–1653 Died)
Pietro Frescobaldi (1654–1655)
Giovanni Battista Barducci (1656–1661)
Mauro Corsi (1662–1680)
Giacomo Antonio Morigia, B. (1681–1683)
Michele Carlo Visdomini Cortigiani (1683–1703)
Giovanni Francesco Maria Poggi, O.S.M. (1703–1719 Died)
Andrea Luigi Cattani (1720–1734 Died)
Giuseppe Suares de la Concha (1735–1754 Died)
Domenico Poltri (1755–1778)
Francesco Brunone Fazzi (1779–1806 Died)
Pietro Fazzi (1806–1832 Died)
Torello Romolo Pierazzi (1834–1851 Died)
Francesco Marie Alli Maccarani (1854–1863 Died)
Annibale Barabesi (1867–1897)
Pio Alberto del Corona, O.P. (1897–1907 Retired)
Carlo Falcini (1907–1928 Died)
Ugo Giubbi (1928–1946 Died)
Felice Beccaro (1946–1972 Died)
Paolo Ghizzoni (1972–1986 Died)
Edoardo Ricci (1987–2004 Retired)
Fausto Tardelli (2004–2014 Appointed, Bishop of Pistoia)
Andrea Migliavacca (2015–2022 Appointed, Bishop of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro)
Giovanni Paccosi (24 Dec 2022– )

Notes and references

Bibliography

Reference for bishops

 p. 751. (in Latin)
 (in Latin)

 (in Latin)

Studies

San Miniato
Religious organizations established in the 1620s
San Miniato


Blood and Fire may refer to:

 "Blood and Fire" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), an unproduced script by David Gerrold for Star Trek: The Next Generation
 Blood and Fire (record label), a British reggae label
 Blood and Fire (film), a 1945 Swedish film
 Blood and Fire (album), an album by the Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster
 "Blood and Fire", a song by the Indigo Girls from Indigo Girls
 "Blood & Fire", a song by Niney the Observer
 "Blood & Fire", a song by Type O Negative from Bloody Kisses
 "Blood and Fire", the war cry of The Salvation Army
 Blood & Fire, the second entry in the Giovanni Chronicles series of tabletop game books

See also
 Fire and Blood (disambiguation)


Tyna Barinaga (later Tony Barinaga; born 1946) is a former American badminton player who won national and international titles from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. In 1964 Barinaga and fellow Port Angeles, Washington resident Caroline Jensen (Hein) became the first all-teenage team to capture the women's doubles title at the U.S. Open Championships. They won the Canadian Open women's doubles the following year. Barinaga shared the mixed doubles title at U.S. Open in 1966, and won both singles and doubles at the same tournament in 1968. Her last full season of competition, 1969–1970, was probably her best. After claiming a number of titles in Great Britain, she won all three events (singles, doubles, and mixed doubles) at the U.S Championships and women's singles at the Canadian Open. Barinaga was a member of three U.S. Uber Cup teams (1963, 1966,1969), the first of which retained the women's world team championship. She was inducted into the U.S. Badminton Hall of Fame (Walk of Fame) in 2003.

Achievements
Mixed doubles

References

American female badminton players
1946 births
Living people
21st-century American women


David Nakhid (born 15 May 1964) is a Trinidad and Tobago politician and former professional footballer who serves as a Senator for the United National Congress.

He played as a midfielder and represented Trinidad and Tobago internationally between 1992 and 2005, playing in three CONCACAF Gold Cup editions: 1996, 1998, and 2000. He later entered the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago.

Football career

Club career
After playing college soccer at American University, Nakhid played as a professional in Belgium, Switzerland, Greece, Lebanon, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates for KSV Waregem, Grasshopper, PAOK, Al-Ansar, Joe Public, New England Revolution, Emirates Club, Al-Mabarrah, and Caledonia AIA.

International career
Nakhid also played for the Trinidad and Tobago national team between 1992 and 2005, scoring 8 goals in 35 games, including playing in six FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

On 26 March 1995, while playing in Lebanon for Ansar, Nakhid played a friendly against the Egypt national team as part of a "select" team of Nejmeh and Ansar players. The match ended 1–1, with Nakhid scoring his side's only goal.

Managerial career
In 2002 Nakhid coached Lebanese side Mabarra, while in 2011 he coached Racing Beirut.

Political career
Nakhid is a senator for the United National Congress.

Personal life
Nakhid runs the David Nakhid International Football School.

On 16 October 2015, he announced that he had the five nominations from football associations to become a FIFA President candidate. Twelve days later, his campaign was over after it was found that U.S. Virgin Islands Soccer Federation had nominated two candidates, both nominations had been declared null by FIFA but the other unnamed candidate had more than the minimum five nominations and was able to continue his campaign. Nakhid announced his decision to appeal.

See also
 List of Lebanon international footballers born outside Lebanon

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Port of Spain
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in the United States
American Eagles men's soccer players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Baltimore Blast (1980–1992) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Belgian Pro League players
K.S.V. Waregem players
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Swiss Super League players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Greece
PAOK FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Lebanon
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Lebanon
Lebanese Premier League players
Al Ansar FC players
TT Pro League players
Joe Public F.C. players
Major League Soccer players
New England Revolution players
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Malmö FF players
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
UAE Pro League players
Emirates Club players
Al Mabarra Club players
Morvant Caledonia United players
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Trinidad and Tobago football managers
Al Mabarra FC managers
Racing Club Beirut managers
Members of the Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)
United National Congress politicians


Elachorbis is a genus of minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Tornidae.

Taxonomy

The exact placement of this genus has long been contested.

Tom Iredale established Elachorbis in 1914 within the family Liotiidae. Cotton (1945) also classified Elachorbis within the family Liotiidae. Powell (1979) and ITIS (2011) classified Elachorbis within the family Cyclostrematidae (which is a synonym of Liotiidae).

Various authors have classified this genus in the Skeneidae, which is now the Skeneinae, a subfamily within the Turbinidae.

The genus Elachorbis is sometimes referred to the subfamily Vitrinellinae within the family Tornidae. However, Elachorbis is also sometimes considered to be a synonym of Circulus; Circulus is the type genus of the subfamily Circulinae within the Tornidae.

Species
Species within the genus Elachorbis include:
 Elachorbis diaphana Finlay, 1924
 Elachorbis subtatei (Suter, 1907)
 Elachorbis tatei (Angas, 1878) - type species of the genus Elachorbis - synonyms: Cyclostrema tatei Angas, 1878; Circulus tatei (Angas, 1878)

References

Tornidae
Extant Oligocene first appearances


Horace Emmanuel Arnold, or Horacee Arnold (born September 25, 1937) is an American jazz drummer. He was born in Wayland, Kentucky.

Career
Arnold first began playing drums in 1957 in Los Angeles while he was in the United States Coast Guard. In 1959, he began performing as "Horacee" when he joined a big band led by David Baker; he also played with Roland Kirk and Charles Mingus that year. In 1960 he became the drummer in a trio with Cecil McBee and Kirk Lightsey.

Throughout the 1960s, he worked in jazz with pianist/composer Hasaan Ibn Ali and bassist Henry Grimes, and with the Bud Powell Trio at Birdland. He worked as part of the Alvin Ailey American Dance company on a tour of Asia. Later in the 1960s, he played with Hugh Masekela and Miriam Makeba; following this he studied composition under Heiner Stadler, Hy Gubenick, and classical guitar with Ralph Towner. In 1967 he founded his own ensemble, the Here and Now Company, with Sam Rivers, Karl Berger, Joe Farrell, and Robin Kenyatta.

In the 1970s, Arnold became one of the best-known jazz fusion drummers, playing with Return to Forever, Stan Getz, Archie Shepp, and Billy Harper in addition to releasing two of his own solo albums. Later in the 1970s he formed an ensemble called Colloquium III with Billy Hart and Freddie Waits. In the 1980s Arnold went on to teach at William Paterson College. He worked as a session musician, played with Kenny Burrell, and formed a trio with David Friedman and Anthony Cox.

Discography
 Tribe (Columbia, 1973)
 Tales of the Exonerated Flea (Columbia, 1974)

With Billy Harper
 Soran-Bushi, B.H. (Denon, 1978)
 Billy Harper Quintet in Europe (Soul Note, 1979)
 The Awakening (Marge, 1979)
 Somalia (Evidence, 1993 [1995])

With Roswell Rudd
 Blown Bone (Emanem, 2006; one track)

References
[Horace Arnold] at Allmusic

1937 births
Living people
People from Floyd County, Kentucky
American jazz drummers
American session musicians
Jazz musicians from Kentucky
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


The Diocese of Albacete () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Albacete in the Ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain.

History
 November 2, 1949: Established as Diocese of Albacete from the Diocese of Cartagena, Diocese of Cuenca and Diocese of Orihuela

Leadership
 Bishops of Albacete (Roman rite)
Arturo Tabera Araoz, C.M.F. (13 May 1950 – 23 July 1968)
 Bishop Ireneo García Alonso (7 December 1968 – 4 August 1980)
 Bishop Victorio Oliver Domingo (27 May 1981 – 22 February 1996)
 Bishop Francisco Cases Andreu (26 June – 26 November 2005)
 Bishop Ciriaco Benavente Mateos (since 16 October 2006)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Spain

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Christian organizations established in 1949
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1949 establishments in Spain


Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the protein-mediated signaling that coordinates the orientation of cells in a layer of epithelial tissue. In vertebrates, examples of mature PCP oriented tissue are the stereo-cilia bundles in the inner ear, motile cilia of the epithelium, and cell motility in epidermal wound healing. Additionally, PCP is known to be crucial to major developmental time points including coordinating convergent extension during gastrulation and coordinating cell behavior for neural tube closure. Cells orient themselves and their neighbors by establishing asymmetric expression of PCP components on opposing cell members within cells to establish and maintain the directionality of the cells. Some of these PCP components are transmembrane proteins which can proliferate the orientation signal to the surrounding cells.

History of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Research
Planar cell polarity was first described in insects and then further defined in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Some of the earlier work on gene controlled polarity of fly wings was published by D. Gubb and A. García-Bellido in 1982 describing how the mutation of some genes resulted in a morphology change in the cuticle orientation on the fly body.  The history of the PCP pathway as it was expanded by fly genetics work, which lead to the interesting names for PCP components like Frizzled, Van-gogh, and Dishevelled. These are typical nomenclature for new genes discovered in flies, which are often based on the description of the visual presentation of the mutant flies for each gene. Early PCP research focused on its role in embryology and genetics, but the discovery that PCP proteins were localized asymmetrically within the cell pushed the topic into the world of cell biology.

There was a surge in interest in the Planar Cell Polarity pathway after conserved PCP genes were found to be involved in important vertebrate processes vertebrate gastrulation, mammalian ear patterning and hearing, and neural tube closure. Discoveries from this popular wave of PCP research has found its involvement in polarized ciliary beating in the trachea and brain ventricles, oriented cell divisions, lung branching, and hair follicle alignment.

A major challenge to studying PCP is that the in vivo protein and cell contact signaling required to facilitate it are difficult to recapitulate in a cell culture dish. However, the recent advances in imaging technology and the expansion of genetic tools are helping to uncover how PCP works in the living cell and the role it plays in cell development and biology.

Core Planar Cell Polarity Components

Core PCP genes all characterized in Drosophila mutants affect many structures in Drosophila with PCP features including the hair and bristles across the fly body. The core PCP genes in Drosophila and other vertebrates are Frizzled (Fz), Flamingo (Fmi), Strabismus (Stbm)/Van-gogh (Vang), Prickle (Pk), Dishevelled (Dsh), Diego (Dgo), and trimeric G protein Gαo.

Frizzled (Fz) -The first frizzled mutant in Drosophila was identified in 1982 by D. Gubb and A. Garcia-Bellido. The mutant had polarity defects in the wing, notum, haltere, legs, abdominal tergites and abdominal sternites. Specifically, D. Gubb and A. Garcia-Bellido saw a polarity defect in the cuticular hairs and bristles on the wings. Later research found that the function of the Frizzled (Fz) gene in Drosophila melanogaster is required to coordinate the cytoskeletons of epidermal cells to orient cuticular hairs and bristles on the surface of the insect. “In Fz mutants it is not the structure of individual hairs and bristles that is altered, but their orientation with respect to their neighbors and the organism as a whole.” As shown in Figure 2, in wild-type wing all hairs point towards the distal tip, but in Fz mutants the hairs point in a disordered manner. Frizzled encodes a seven-pass transmembrane protein and because of this it gives epithelial cells the ability to transmit and interpret polarity information from neighboring epithelial cells.

Flamingo (Fmi) – Another seven-pass transmembrane receptor, Flamingo is also a cadherin that localizes at cell-cell boundaries in the epithelia cells of Drosophila wing. In the absence of Fmi, planar polarity was distorted. Fmi localization at the proximal/distal cell boundary is first dependent on the localization of Frizzled at the same boundaries.

Canonical Vs. Non-Canonical Wnt Pathways and PCP
The PCP signaling pathway includes several components (Fz, Dsh and Gαo) of the ‘‘canonical’’ Wnt signaling pathway. However the core PCP proteins can function independent of β-catenin to result in downstream changes to cellular cytoskeleton and are known as a ‘‘noncanonical’’ Wnt pathway.

Cross Protein Interactions to Establishing PCP Asymmetry
The hallmark of the PCP system is the asymmetric and polarized membrane expression of PCP proteins. Dishevelled and Diego are cytoplasmic proteins and are recruited to the membrane by each other and by their association to the transmembrane PCP protein Frizzledl. Strabismus/Vang is a four-transmembrane protein and can recruit cytoplasmic PCP protein Prickle. It is known that Prickle can interact with Disheveled and perturb its recruitment by Frizzled. Through a feedback loop of the extracellular domains of Frizzled and Strabismus at the junctions of two neighboring cell membranes, the complex of Strabismus and Prickle and the complex of Frizzled and Disheveled and Diego are localized to opposite sides of the cells along the polarization axis. Flamingo is thought to localize to both sides and plays a role in homophilic adhesion, the adhesion of cells by the interaction of similar cadherin types. Failure of these PCP proteins to segregate correctly within a cell boundary can lead to a disruption in PCP such as with the hair cells on fly wings and mouse skin.

References

See also
Cell polarity

Frizzled

Prickle (protein)

Cell biology


The 1990 UEFA Cup Final was an association football tie played on 2 May 1990 and 16 May 1990 between Juventus and Fiorentina of Italy. Juventus won 3–1 on aggregate. This was the first final between two Italian sides in the UEFA competitions' history and the third between two clubs of the same country.

The first game was the last official football game played at the Stadio Comunale until 2006, when Stadio delle Alpi was closed.

The second game was played in Avellino because Fiorentina's substitute stadium in Perugia was closed after the incidents in the semifinal game against SV Werder Bremen.

With this defeat, Fiorentina became the second club – after Hamburger SV – to have been runner-up in all three major European competitions (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, and the now-defunct Cup Winners' Cup).

Route to the final

Match details

First leg

Second leg

See also
1989–90 UEFA Cup
ACF Fiorentina in European football
Juventus F.C. in European football
Italian football clubs in international competitions
ACF Fiorentina–Juventus F.C. rivalry

Notes

References

RSSSF

2
Uefa Cup Final 1990
Uefa Cup Final 1990
UEFA Cup finals
Uefa Cup Final
Uefa Cup Final 1990
1990s in Turin
May 1990 sports events in Europe
Sports competitions in Turin


In computer programming, data-binding is a general technique that binds data sources from the provider and consumer together and synchronizes them. This is usually done with two data/information sources with different languages, as in XML data binding and UI data binding. In UI data binding, data and information objects of the same language, but different logic function are bound together (e.g., Java UI elements to Java objects).

In a data binding process, each data change is reflected automatically by the elements that are bound to the data. The term data binding is also used in cases where an outer representation of data in an element changes, and the underlying data is automatically updated to reflect this change. As an example, a change in a TextBox element could modify the underlying data value.

Data binding frameworks and tools
List of examples of data binding frameworks and tools for different programming languages:

C# .NET
 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
 Blazor
 Windows Forms
 MAUI

Delphi
 DSharp third-party data binding tool
 OpenWire Visual Live Binding—third-party visual data binding tool
 LiveBindings

Java
 Google Web Toolkit
 JavaFX
 Eclipse

JavaScript

Objective-C
 AKABeacon iOS Data Binding framework

Swift
 SwiftUI

Scala
 Binding.scala

See also
 XML data binding
 UI data binding

References

Further reading

Data management