The Bessarabia Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with its administrative centre in Kishinev (modern Chișinău). It consisted of an area of  and a population of 1,935,412 inhabitants. The Bessarabia Governorate bordered the Podolia Governorate to the north, the Kherson Governorate to the east, the Black Sea to the south, Romania to the west, and Austria to the northwest. It roughly corresponds to what is now most of Moldova and some parts of Chernivtsi and Odesa Oblasts of Ukraine.

It included the eastern part of the Principality of Moldavia along with the neighboring Ottoman-ruled territories annexed by Russia by the Treaty of Bucharest following the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). The Governorate was disbanded in 1917, with the establishment of Sfatul Țării, a national assembly which proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic in December 1917. The latter united with Romania in April 1918.

Around 65% of the territory of the former governorate now belongs to the Republic of Moldova (including the breakaway region of Transnistria); around 35% belongs to Ukraine.

History

Annexation
As the Russian Empire noticed the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, it occupied the eastern half of the autonomous Principality of Moldavia, between the Prut and Dniester rivers.  This was followed by six years of warfare, which were concluded by the Treaty of Bucharest (1812), by which the Ottoman Empire acknowledged the Russian annexation of the province.

In 1829, according to the Treaty of Adrianople, Turkey ceded to Russia and the Danube Delta, which also became part of the Bessarabia Oblast.

Before the Russian annexation, the territory had no particular name, Moldavia being traditionally divided into Ţara de Sus (the Upper Lands, the mountainous area of the Carpathians) and Ţara de Jos (the Lower Lands, the plains which included this territory). Bessarabia was the southern part of this territory (now known as Budjak); it is believed that the region was named after the Wallachian house of Basarab, which may have ruled it in the 14th century. The Russians used the name "Bessarabia" for the whole region rather than the southern area.

Bessarabia had an area of 45,630 km², more than the rest of Moldavia and a population between 240,000 and 360,000, most of them being Romanians. The boyars of Bessarabia protested against the annexation, arguing that the Ottoman Empire had no right to cede a territory that was not theirs in the first place (Moldavia being only a vassal, not an Ottoman province), but this did not prevent the Sultan from signing the treaty in May 1812.

Oblast and governorate
After the annexation, the local boyars, led by Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni, the Metropolitan of Chișinău and Hotin, petitioned for self-rule and the establishment of a civil government based on the Moldavian traditional laws. In 1818, a special autonomous region was created, which had both Romanian and Russian as languages used in the local administration. Bănulescu-Bodoni also obtained permission for opening a seminary and a printing press, with the Bessarabian church being an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church.

After the death of Bănulescu-Bodoni in 1821, Bessarabia lacked a strong leader and as the Russians feared nationalism, which triggered the anti-Ottoman 1821 Wallachian Revolution in neighbouring Wallachia, the local authorities began a gradual retraction of many of the freedoms.

Nicholas I of Russia, crowned in 1825, began a campaign of reforms which had the goal of gaining more control over the western provinces. Autonomy of the region was retracted in 1829, with the new constitution written by the governor of New Russia and Bessarabia, Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov. In 1834, Romanian was banned in schools and government facilities, and soon, books, the press, and churches despite 80% of the population being Romanian. Those who fought the changes could be exiled to Siberia. The constitution no longer made the usage of Romanian compulsory for public announcements and in 1854, Russian was made the official language. Also around 1850, Romanian was no longer used in schools and the importation of books from Moldavia and Wallachia was banned.

Integration within the Russian Empire continued with the introduction of the zemstva in 1869. Although this system was meant to increase the participation of the locals in civic affairs, it was run by Russians and other non-Moldavian functionaries brought from across the Empire.

The Moldavian boyars protested against the reforms, which decreased their own powers, but their protests were not well organized and they were mostly ignored. Some Moldavian boyar families were however integrated in the Russian nobility, but most of the nobles of Bessarabia were foreigners: in 1911, there were 468 noble families in Bessarabia, of which only 138 were Moldavian. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Jewish population made up to 40% of Chisinau.

Romania became independent in 1878, but millions of ethnic Romanians lived outside its borders and as such it had aspirations toward Transylvania, as well as Bessarabia.

Southern Bessarabia returned to Moldavia

In 1856, under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Russia was forced to return a significant territory in Southern Bessarabia (organised as the Cahul and Ismail counties, with the Bolgrad later split from the second) to Moldavia, which joined Wallachia in 1859 to form Romania.

In 1877, the Russian Empire and Romania signed a treaty by the terms of which, Romania and Russia were allies against the Ottoman Empire, while Russia recognized Romania's independence and guaranteed its territorial integrity after the war. However, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Russia took southern Bessarabia, Alexander Gorchakov justifying this as a "matter of national honour" for Russia and arguing that the territory was ceded in 1856 to Moldavia, not to Romania and that the Russian guarantee of territorial integrity was directed against Turkish claims.

The Romanian politicians and public were angered by this action: Romanian politician Mihail Kogălniceanu accused Russia of deception and of treating an ally like a conquered province. He even started a memorandum against Russia to try to influence the Western governments, denouncing not only the annexation of Southern Bessarabia, but the 1812 annexation of Bessarabia as well. Despite this, none of the European powers wanted to risk a conflict with Russia.

According to the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Romania gained Dobruja as a compensation for the loss of Southern Bessarabia. Despite being a larger territory, Romanians considered it an unfair exchange and accepted it reluctantly, because there was no other alternative.

Culture
As a consequence of Russification policy, Bessarabia was the most backward of the western provinces of the Russian Empire. In 1897, literacy was just 15.4% for the whole Bessarabia, with only 6% of ethnically Moldavians being literate, the main reason behind this being that Russian was the only language of instruction. As of 1920, an estimated ten percent of men and one percent of women were able to read and write.

Alexander II's reign brought a policy of establishing schools in every parish: 400 rural schools were founded in the 1860s in Bessarabia, but the Orthodox Church insisted everything be taught in Russian, whereas neither priests (who were teachers in most villages) nor pupils were speaking it. Thus, by the 1880s only 23 schools remained.

As a result, the literature and cultural life stagnated, only a few notable literary figures arising from Bessarabia, among them being Alexandru Hasdeu (1811–1872), Constantin Stamati (1786–1869) and Teodor Vîrnav (1801–1860). In the second half of the 19th century, all links with Romanian literature were cut and no literary currents or schools of criticism developed in Bessarabia. In fact, in 1899, a visitor found no Romanian books in the Chişinău public library.

Kishinev pogroms
The Kishinev pogrom was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on April 19 and 20, 1903. Further rioting erupted in October 1905. In the first wave of violence, which was associated with Easter, 49 Jews were killed, large numbers of Jewish women were raped and 1,500 homes were damaged. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. The incident focused worldwide negative attention on the persecution of Jews in Russia.

Politics
There was no Moldavian political party or movement in Bessarabia until 1905, when two major groups were founded. The moderates, led by landowner Pavel Dicescu, organized around the Societatea pentru Cultură Naţională ("The Society for National Culture"), argued for the usage of Romanian as a language of instruction in schools, but against social reforms. In 1909, they were successful in passing a resolution in the zemstvo of the gubernia related to the usage of Romanian in schools.

The radicals (national democrats), mostly students educated at Russian universities and influenced by socialist revolutionaries, wanted a real national awakening, as well as social justice. They founded a newspaper called Basarabia (first issue on 24 May 1906) led by Constantin Stere, which called for autonomy of Bessarabia and more rights to protect their language and culture, while making clear that they do not want secession from the Russian Empire.

Their movement had little success because in 1907, the extreme right won in the elections for the second Duma. In March 1907, the newspaper published Deşteaptă-te, române! ("Wake up, Romanian!"), a Romanian patriotic song, which made Kharuzin, the governor of Bessarabia, to order the closure of the newspaper only nine months after its first issue. Most of the contributors of the newspaper fled to Iaşi afterwards.

When the February Revolution happened in Petrograd in 1917, the governor of Bessarabia Governorate, Mihail Mihail Voronovici, stepped down on 13 March and passed his legal powers to Constantin Mimi, the President of the Gubernial Zemstvo, which was named the Comissar of the Provisional Government in Bessarabia, with Vladimir Criste his deputy. Similar procedures took place in all regions of the Empire: the chiefs of the Tsarist administrations passed their legal powers to the chiefs of the County and Governorate Zemstvos, which were then called County/Governorate Commissars.

Demographics
According to Bessarabian historian Ștefan Ciobanu, at the beginning of the 19th century the ethnic Romanians (Moldavians) proportion was approximately 95% (1810), not including the territories formerly under direct Turkish administration (Budjak and Khotyn), which also purportedly had a Romanian majority. The Russian rule resulted in important changes in the ethnic structure of Bessarabia, especially due to the Russian policy of immigration from neighbouring provinces and Russification. The immigration was not uniform: in some districts in the northern and southern parts of Bessarabia (for instance Hotin and Akkerman), the immigration resulted in Ukrainians outnumbering Romanians, while the rural areas of the centre were mostly Romanian.

Initially, the purpose of the colonization policy was unrelated to the ethnic makeup, being to increase the population of the rather sparsely populated area, in order to better exploit its resources. It was part of the larger campaign of colonization of Novorossiya, under which Russia appealed to everyone who wanted to work and live under its authority, no matter if they came from the Russian Empire or from elsewhere.

Most of the Moldavians of Bessarabia were free peasants, of which most being landless, leasing their land from landlords and monasteries, while 12% (in 1861) were răzeşi ("yeomen"). The Emancipation reform of 1861 had little effects in Bessarabia, where there were few serfs: just 12,000 most of which being brought from Russia for non-agricultural activities.

The urban population was quite low, amounting just 14.7% in 1912, most of the cities being just local administrative centres and having little industry. Also, few of the urban dwellers were Moldavians, in 1912, 37.2% being Jewish, 24.4% Russian, 15.8% Ukrainian, with just 14.2% Moldavian.

Administrative divisions
From 1812 to 1818, there were 12 counties, which were then merged into 6, afterwards split into 9 counties (ținuturi): Hotin, Soroca, Iași, Orhei, Bender, Hotărniceni, Greceni, Codru, Reni (Ismail). The original terms for county were  (in ).

Two of the latter, Cahul County and Ismail County were returned to Moldavia in 1856. There they were known as Southern Bessarabia with three counties because a Bolgrad County was split out of Ismail County. When again annexed by the Russian Empire in 1878, these there were lumped together as one Ismail County, thus from 1878 till 1917, there were 8 counties.

Church
Split from the Metropolis of Moldavia, the orthodox church in Bessarabia became an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church, and after Bănulescu-Bodoni's death, it became an agent in the state policy of Russification.

All the archbishops after 1821 tried to bring the eparchy in conformity with the regulations of the Russian Orthodox Church and because of that, all the high-ranked clerics were brought from Russia, because they were more familiar with the rules of the Russian church.

Archbishop Irinarh Popov (1844–1858) tried to promote Russian nationalism and loyalty to the tsar and brought clerics from Russia. Archbishop Pavel Lebedev forced Moldavian churches and monasteries to use Russian during the religious service, making knowledge of Russian compulsory for becoming a priest, but despite his attempts, by the end of his rule (1882), there were still 417 churches which used only Romanian in the liturgy.

Following the 1905 Russian Revolution, the church decided to allow the usage of Romanian by the village priests and the re-establishment of the eparchy printing press, which would publish religious literature and of a newspaper.

See also
Comrat Republic
Bessarabia Governorate (Romania)
Bessarabian question

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Keith Hitchins, Rumania: 1866-1947 (Oxford History of Modern Europe). 1994, Clarendon Press.
Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture, 2000, Hoover Institution Press.

Further reading

States and territories established in 1812
States and territories disestablished in 1917
Governorates of the Russian Empire
1810s establishments in the Russian Empire


Cubal is a town and municipality in Benguela Province in Angola. The municipality had a population of 305,632 in 2014.

Transport

It has a station on the central line of Angolan Railways.

See also
 Railway stations in Angola

References

 Perfil do Município do CUBAL, Província de Benguela 2009 Administraçao Municipal do Cubal, Ediçoes de Angola Lda (EAL), Octubre 2009.

External links
 Plano Directório Municipal 2012

External links

Populated places in Benguela Province
Municipalities of Angola


The Omaha Knights were a minor league professional ice hockey team that played in Omaha, Nebraska. The Knights were members of the American Hockey Association from 1939 to 1942, until the team went on hiatus during World War II. The Knights returned to the ice, playing in the United States Hockey League from 1945 to 1951. At least two former players are in the Hockey Hall of Fame. Gordie Howe played for the Knights from 1945–1946 and Terry Sawchuk played from 1947–1948.

External links
 A to Z Encyclopedia of Ice Hockey - Omaha Knights

Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Sports in Omaha, Nebraska
Ice hockey teams in Nebraska
Ice hockey clubs established in 1939
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1951
1939 establishments in Nebraska
1951 disestablishments in Nebraska


Contourlets form a multiresolution directional tight frame designed to efficiently approximate images made of smooth regions separated by smooth boundaries. The contourlet transform has a fast implementation based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition followed by directional filterbanks applied on each bandpass subband.

Contourlet transform

Introduction and motivation
In the field of geometrical image transforms, there are many 1-D transforms designed for detecting or capturing the geometry of image information, such as the Fourier and wavelet transform. However, the ability of 1-D transform processing of the intrinsic geometrical structures, such as smoothness of curves, is limited in one direction, then more powerful representations are required in higher dimensions. The contourlet transform which was proposed by Do and Vetterli in 2002, is a new two-dimensional transform method for image representations. The contourlet transform has properties of multiresolution, localization, directionality, critical sampling and anisotropy. Its basic functions are multiscale and multidimensional. The contours of original images, which are the dominant features in natural images, can be captured effectively with a few coefficients by using contourlet transform.

The contourlet transform is inspired by the human visual system and Curvelet transform which can capture the smoothness of the contour of images with different elongated shapes and in variety of directions. However, it is difficult to sampling on a rectangular grid for Curvelet transform since Curvelet transform was developed in continuous domain and directions other than horizontal and vertical are very different on rectangular grid. Therefore, the contourlet transform was proposed initially as a directional multiresolution transform in the discrete domain.

Definition

The contourlet transform uses a double filter bank structure to get the smooth contours of images. In this double filter bank, the Laplacian pyramid (LP) is first used to capture the point discontinuities, and then a directional filter bank (DFB) is used to form those point discontinuities into linear structures.

The Laplacian pyramid (LP) decomposition only produce one bandpass image in a multidimensional signal processing, that can avoid frequency scrambling. And directional filter bank (DFB) is only fit for high frequency since it will leak the low frequency of signals in its directional subbands. This is the reason to combine DFB with LP, which is multiscale decomposition and remove the low frequency. Therefore, image signals pass through LP subbands to get bandpass signals and pass those signals through DFB to capture the directional information of image. This double filter bank structure of combination of LP and DFB is also called as pyramid directional filter bank (PDFB), and this transform is approximate the original image by using basic contour, so it is also called discrete contourlet transform.

The properties of discrete contourlet transform
 If perfect-reconstruction filters are used for both the LP decomposition and DFB, then the discrete contourlet transform can reconstruct the original image perfectly, which means it provides a frame operator.
 If orthogonal filters are used for both the LP decomposition and DFB, then the discrete contourlet transform provides a tight frame which bounds equal to 1.
 The upper bound for the redundancy ratio of the discrete contourlet transform is .
 If the  pyramidal level of LP applies to  level DFB, the basis images of the contourlet transform have the size of  ≈  and  ≈ .
 When FIR is used, the computational complexity of the discrete contourlet transform is  for N-pixel images.

Nonsubsampled contourlet transform

Motivation and applications
The contourlet transform has a number of useful features and qualities, but it also has its flaws. One of the more notable variations of the contourlet transform was developed and proposed by da Cunha, Zhou and Do in 2006. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) was developed mainly because the contourlet transform is not shift invariant.  The reason for this lies in the up-sampling and down-sampling present in both the Laplacian Pyramid and the directional filter banks. The method used in this variation was inspired by the nonsubsampled wavelet transform or the stationary wavelet transform which were computed with the à trous algorithm.

Though the contourlet and this variant are relatively new, they have been used in many different applications including synthetic aperture radar despeckling, image enhancement and texture classification.

Basic concept

To retain the directional and multiscale properties of the transform, the Laplacian Pyramid was replaced with a nonsubsampled pyramid structure to retain the multiscale property, and a nonsubsampled directional filter bank for directionality. The first major notable difference is that upsampling and downsampling are removed from both processes. Instead the filters in both the Laplacian Pyramid and the directional filter banks are upsampled. Though this mitigates the shift invariance issue a new issue is now present with aliasing and the directional filter bank. When processing the coarser levels of the pyramid there is potential for aliasing and loss in resolution. This issue is avoided though by upsampling the directional filter bank filters as was done with the filters from the pyramidal filter bank.

The next issue that lies with this transform is the design of the filters for both filter banks. According to the authors there were some properties that they desired with this transform such as: perfect reconstruction, a sharp frequency response, easy implementation and linear-phase filters. These features were implemented by first removing the tight frame requirement and then using a mapping to design the filters and then  implementing a ladder type structure. These changes lead to a transform that is not only efficient but performs well in comparison to other similar and in some cases more advanced transforms when denoising and enhancing images.

Variations of the contourlet transform

Wavelet-based contourlet transform

Although the wavelet transform is not optimal in capturing the 2-D singularities of images, it can take the place of LP decomposition in the double filter bank structure to make the contourlet transform a non-redundant image transform. The wavelet-based contourlet transform is similar to the original contourlet transform, and it also consists of two filter bank stages. In the first stage, the wavelet transform is used to do the sub-band decomposition instead of the Laplacian pyramid (LP) in the contourlet transform. And the second stage of the wavelet-based contourlet transform is still a directional filter bank (DFB) to provide the link of singular points.
One of the advantages to the wavelet-based contourlet transform is that the wavelet-based contourlet packets are similar to the wavelet packets which allows quad-tree decomposition of both low-pass and high-pass channels and then apply the DFB on each sub-band.

The hidden Markov tree (HMT) model for the contourlet transform
Based on the study of statistics of contourlet coefficients of natural images, the HMT model for the contourlet transform is proposed. The statistics show that the contourlet coefficients are highly non-Gaussian, high interaction dependent on all their eight neighbors and high inter-direction dependent on their cousins. Therefore, the HMT model, that captures the highly non-Gaussian property, is used to get the dependence on neighborhood through the links between the hidden states of the coefficients. This HMT model of contourlet transform coefficients has better results than original contourlet transform and other HMT modeled transforms in denoising and texture retrieval, since it restores edges better visually.

Contourlet transform with sharp frequency localization
An alternative or variation of the contourlet transform was proposed by Lu and Do in 2006. This new proposed method was intended as a remedy to fix non-localized basis images in frequency. The issue with the original contourlet transform was that when the contourlet transform was used with imperfect filter bank filters aliasing occurs and the frequency domain resolution is affected. There are two contributing factors to the aliasing, the first is the periodicity of 2-D frequency spectra and the second is an inherent flaw in the critical sampling of the directional filter banks. This new method mitigates these issues by changing the method of multiscale decomposition. As mentioned before, the original contourlet used the Laplacian Pyramid for multiscale decomposition. This new method as proposed by Lu and Do uses a multiscale pyramid that can be adjusted by applying low pass or high pass filters for the different levels. This method fixes multiple issues, it reduces the amount of cross terms and localizes the basis images in frequency,  removes aliasing and has proven in some instances more effective in denoising images. Though it fixes all of those issues, this method requires more filters than the original contourlet transform and still has both the up-sampling and down-sampling operations meaning it is not shift-invariant.

Image enhancement based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform
In prior studies the contourlet transform has proven effective in the denoising of images but in this method the researchers developed a method of image enhancement. When enhancing images preservation and the enhancement of important data is of paramount importance. The contourlet transform meets this criterion to some extent with its ability to denoise and detect edges. This transform first passes the image through the multiscale decomposition by way of the nonsubsampled laplacian pyramid. After that, the noise variance for each sub-band is calculated and relative to local statistics of the image it is classified as either noise, a weak edge or strong edge. The strong edges are retained, the weak edges are enhanced and the noise is discarded. This method of image enhancement significantly outperformed the nonsubsampled wavelet transform (NSWT) both qualitatively and quantitatively. Though this method outperformed the NSWT there still lies the issue of the complexity of designing adequate filter banks and fine tuning the filters for specific applications of which further study will be required.

Applications
Image Denoising
Image Enhancement
Image Restoration
Image Despeckling

See also
Wavelet
Multiresolution analysis
Scale space
Bandelets
Curvelets
Multiscale decomposition
Directional decomposition
Pyramid Directional Filter Banks
Basis functions

References

External links
 The Contourlet Toolbox (in Matlab)

Wavelets


WKZA (106.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Lakewood, New York, United States, the station serves the Jamestown, New York area. The station is currently owned by MediaOne Radio Group.

History
The station originally intended to sign on as WKSQ-FM, as FCC records dated September 5, 2000 indicate. On October 9, 2000, the station changed its call sign to the current WKZA, the call sign made popular by a now-defunct AM station in nearby Kane, Pennsylvania. However, the station did not sign on until late November 2000.

The station's first format was a stunt, airing continuous Christmas music. Soon after, the station "officially" signed on with its format of KISS-FM hit radio, which it maintained for the next 23 years.

As an independently owned station, WKZA sometimes leaned toward hot adult contemporary, thus overlapping and competing against WWSE, the established adult-contemporary station in Jamestown. MediaOne Group, owners of WWSE, purchased WKZA from its owners Cross Country Communications in August 2018, closing on its deal October 31 of that year. With the change, each station received a clear focus: WKZA would serve as a pure top-40 outlet, WWSE would stay with hot adult contemporary, while gold-based soft adult contemporary would move to AM/FM outlet WJTN. WKZA temporary morning host Kyle Lewis was retained in the purchase, moving to afternoons, and Andrew Hill and Noel Blackhall began doing the morning show separate from their afternoon program on sister station WWSE.

On June 30, 2023, as part of a realignment among Media One's stations, the programming that had previously been heard on sister station WKSN (which had coincidentally been branded as "Kissin' Oldies" since before WKZA signed on) moved to WKZA, thus flipping 106.9 to oldies. WKZA's existing programming was merged onto WWSE, with the company noting in a statement that hot adult contemporary and contemporary hit radio were experiencing major overlap at the time, and thus WKZA and WWSE were essentially still directly competing against each other until the change.

References

External links
Official Website

Jamestown, New York
KZA
Radio stations established in 2000
Oldies radio stations in the United States


Mark Stevens (born 1960) is an American billionaire venture capitalist, and a partner at S-Cubed Capital in Menlo Park, California. He was previously with Intel and Sequoia Capital. He serves on the board of Nvidia, and is an investor in the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association.

Education and career
Stevens earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Southern California, and an MBA from Harvard Business School. During his time at USC, Stevens was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.

Career
Stevens joined Intel in 1982, then a mid-sized company about to capitalize on the PC boom. He joined as a technical salesperson and worked in a variety of marketing and sales roles while also earning his master's degree in Computer Engineering from USC. He left in 1987 to receive his MBA from Harvard Business School.

In 1989, Stevens became a partner at Sequoia Capital and began to concentrate on semiconductor, software, and systems-related investments.  Over the years, he became a rising star on Forbes magazine's Midas List of top 100 venture capitalists, climbing as high as 10th place. He served as a director of at least 12 companies during this time.

Stevens was previously one of the five voting partners at Sequoia Capital who were jointly responsible for some of the high-tech industry's most successful investments: Google, Yahoo!, Nvidia, YouTube, and others. He is the founder of and currently affiliated with S-Cubed capital.

Philanthropy
In 2004, Stevens and his wife Mary donated $22 million to the University of Southern California and to help found the USC Stevens Institute for Technology Commercialization to advance engineering within the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. It was later renamed USC Stevens Center for Innovation, having expanded its scope to include other disciplines.

In 2015, Stevens and his wife donated $50 million to endow and name the USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute. The Institute's goal is to enhance knowledge of brain science through the application of imaging and information technologies. In 2017, the Institute received FDA clearance for clinical use of the first seven-Tesla MRI scanner in North America. In 2019, the Institute, along with the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, announced the addition of more than 108 terabytes of RNA sequencing data to its open access portal associated with the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative.

Stevens is a member of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering Board of Councilors and, since 2001, the USC Board of Trustees. He previously served on the board of trustees of the Menlo School in Menlo Park, California.

Golden State Warriors
Stevens became an investor in the Golden State Warriors of the NBA in 2013 by purchasing shares formerly held by Vivek Ranadive. He was ejected from Oracle Arena during Game 3 of the 2019 NBA Finals, after an altercation with Kyle Lowry of the Toronto Raptors. The Warriors, as well as the league, eventually banned Stevens for a year from all games, arenas, and team activities. He was also fined $500,000 for the incident. Stevens reached out to Lowry and attempted to directly apologize to him along with other members of the Raptors and Warriors organizations and he expressed gratitude to those who accepted his calls. A 2016 New York Times analysis of the team's value suggested it had more than doubled from Stevens’ 2013 investment.

References

External links
 USC Stevens Institute for Innovation (USC Stevens)

1960 births
American billionaires
21st-century American philanthropists
Golden State Warriors owners
Harvard Business School alumni
Intel people
American venture capitalists
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
Living people
People from Atherton, California
University of Southern California alumni


Herbert A. Schmalenberger (January 27, 1925 – June 26, 2006) was an American football, basketball, and swimming coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at University of California, Davis in 1958 and again from 1964 to 1969, compiling a record of 28–38. He was the men's swimming head coach there from 1957 to 1962 and the men's basketball head coach for the 1957–58 season. Schmalenberger was interim athletic director in 1988.

Personal life
Schmalenberger was born in 1925 in Oakland, California, where he first grew to love athletics while enrolled in an after-school sports program. He went on to play football and basketball in high school and received a scholarship to attend Washington State University in Pullman.

He studied briefly at Washington State and Willamette University before enlisting in the U.S. Navy during World War II, where he served as a submarine radioman for three years.

After World War II Schmalenberger returned to college, graduating with a bachelor's degree in physical education and a minor in history, as well as a California secondary teaching credential from UC Berkeley, where he played football for four years, including two Rose Bowl games. He helped coach the freshman football team during his fifth year at the university.

Schmalenberger went on to earn his master's degree from UC Berkeley in 1958 and completed coursework toward his doctorate at the University of Oregon while simultaneously teaching and coaching.

Schmalenberger was married for 58 years to his wife, Maxine, and had five children and seven grandchildren.

Coaching career
After graduating from college, Schmalenberger taught high school physical education and history for five years before coming to UC Davis in 1956 as assistant football coach and physical education instructor. He coached the Aggies to a 7–2 record and a share of the Far Western Conference title.

During his 25 years at UC Davis, Schmalenberger served as vice chairman of the physical education department and supervisor in the teaching credential program. He also taught physical education activity and methods courses; he advised over 200 physical education major students during his tenure at UC Davis.

In his final season as head football coach, three of his players were drafted by the National Football League. He retired from the university in 1991.

Schmalenberger was active in promoting youth sports, establishing a summer sports program for local children and leading workshops for coaches throughout Northern California. He also served on the advisory commission for the Davis Recreation Department.

Head coaching record

Football

References

External links

1925 births
2006 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball players from Oakland, California
California Golden Bears football players
Players of American football from Oakland, California
UC Davis Aggies athletic directors
UC Davis Aggies football coaches
UC Davis Aggies men's basketball coaches
UC Davis Aggies swimming coaches
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy sailors
University of California, Davis faculty
University of Oregon alumni
Washington State University alumni
Willamette University alumni


WRFA-LP (107.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting in a public/community radio format. Licensed to Jamestown, New York, the station serves the Jamestown area.  The station is currently owned by the Reg Lenna Center for the Arts. The station first went on air in September 2004.

From 2009 to 2023, WRFA-LP's operations were federally subsidized by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which provided a substantial portion of the station's revenue. Increases in the threshold to qualify for CPB funding will render the station ineligible for future funding beyond October 1, 2023. Dennis Drew served as the station's general manager from its launch until he retired in 2021. From 2021 to 2023, the station was led by Jason Sample, who had spent the previous decade as WRFA's news director and worked at other Jamestown radio stations before that. Sample announced his resignation shortly after the loss of funding was announced in August 2023; Julia Ciesla-Hanley will succeed Sample.

WRFA-LP is the broadcaster for the Jamestown Tarp Skunks baseball team; and carries the weekly syndicated Pink Floyd program "Floydian Slip."

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

Community radio stations in the United States
Jamestown, New York
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Hex is a 1973 American Western supernatural horror film directed by Leo Garen and starring Keith Carradine, Cristina Raines, Hillarie Thompson, Dan Haggerty, Gary Busey, and Scott Glenn. Set in 1919, its plot follows a wayward band of motorcyclists who seek shelter at a rural Nebraska farm inhabited by two Native American sisters. When one of the motorcyclists tries to rape the younger sister, the elder places a curse on them, resulting in their subsequent deaths.

Blending supernatural horror with elements of classic Westerns and the contemporary biker film, Hex was written by Garen and Stephen Katz, based on a story by Vernon Zimmerman and Doran Cannon. The film was shot on location at the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation in South Dakota during the fall of 1971, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was shelved for nearly two years while the studio re-cut it into a more straightforward occult-themed horror film.

The film was released in the fall of 1973, opening at the Atlanta Film Festival, where it won the Golden Jury Award for Best Film. Through September 1973, it screened in some locations, before receiving regional test releases as Hex on 21 November of that year.

Plot
In 1919, immediately after the First World War, a loosely knit band of motorcyclists back from fighting in Europe is making their way across the United States to seek their fortunes in California. Among them are five men: Whizzer, Golly, Jimbang, Chupo, and Giblets; and one woman, China. In rural Nebraska, the men come upon a small town called Bingo, where they are challenged to a race by a local hot rodder. The outcome of the race is disputed, and the bikers flee into the surrounding countryside.

They seek refuge on a remote farm owned by two sisters, Acacia and Oriole, whose recently deceased father was a Native American shaman. The stern Oriole agrees to let the group spend the night in the barn. In the middle of the night, Giblets attempts to rape Acacia, who fends him off. In retaliation, Oriole casts a hex on him. Shortly after, Giblets is attacked outside by an owl, which digs its claws into his eye sockets, killing him.

The group find Giblets' body the next morning, and Oriole supplies them a wheelbarrow and a shovel, telling them she does not want him buried on her land. They hold a funeral for Giblets under Acacia and Oriole's supervision. The younger, impressionable Acacia becomes enamored of Golly, and the two quickly grow close. Meanwhile, Whizzer teaches Oriole how to drive a motorcycle, during which she crashes it. When Whizzer makes romantic advances toward Oriole, China interjects, revealing that Whizzer is not actually a veteran, and is merely an ex-mechanic from Kansas City who has invented a grandiose story about his life. The two women begin to fight when Oriole insults China. Oriole subsequently places strands of China's hair in the mouth of a toad, before sewing its mouth shut and using it as an effigy.

China goes to a nearby swimming hole to bathe, and falls asleep on the shore, where Oriole has placed the toad. China has a disturbing nightmare in which she is attacked by vermin, and observes an apparition of her own body hanging from a tree. When locals from town arrive in search of the gang, Oriole claims she has not seen them, and directs them away. After the townsmen depart, the gang realize China is missing. After a fruitless search, they return to the farm at nightfall, accusing Oriole and Acacia of hurting her. Jimbang attempts to shoot Oriole to death, but the gun mysteriously misfires and instead kills him. Whizzer wishes to leave, but is unable to find Golly, who has gone off with Acacia. In the barn, Chupo, under Acacia's spell, attacks Whizzer, who pleads for him to stop, but Chupo does not respond; the confrontation ends in Whizzer killing Chupo with a sickle while Oriole watches from the shadows. Oriole enters the barn moments after Chupo's death, and the two have sex.

In the morning, Acacia returns to the house and pleads for Oriole to let China go. Oriole flees back to the swimming hole and stabs the toad, effectively killing China, who has been concealed in the house. Acacia, tired of Oriole using their father's shamanistic magic for evil means, renounces her as her sister. Whizzer and Golly prepare to leave, but find Oriole, donning her father's shaman regalia, causing their motorcycles to combust. She is stopped by Whizzer before she collapses. Later, when Whizzer and Golly are about to depart the farm to California, Golly declares that he wishes to stay with Acacia. Oriole offers to go with Whizzer, and leaves with him on the back of his motorcycle. As they drive away, four fighter jets pass by over them.

Cast

Production

Screenplay
The original screenplay for Hex was written in 1969 by Vernon Zimmerman and Doran Cannon, conceived as "the biggest piece of schlock they could [write]." The story was completed at the height of the popularity of biker films, and blended plot elements of those films with supernatural horror. Fascinated by the "machines versus mysticism" present in Zimmerman and Cannon's story, Garen purchased the rights to the film and wrote the screenplay with Stephen Katz.

Filming
Filming of Hex began in September 1971 at the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation in South Dakota. The town featured in the film was built on a set for $40,000 in the town of Okaton. Additional photography took place in California. It had a working title of Grassland. According to director Garen, the film's distributor, Twentieth Century Fox, failed to supply him the funds to complete the picture, resulting in him going "totally bankrupt" to complete the shoot. While the majority of the film was shot on location in South Dakota, some sequences were filmed at Fox Studios in Los Angeles. Principal photography was completed in late December 1971.

Actress Hillarie Thompson recalled that, during the South Dakota shoots, the cast and crew nearly "froze to death the entire time. It was very cold and the crew was shoveling snow out of scenes." Thompson also recalled being impressed by her co-stars Busey and Carradine, as well as Scott Glenn, who she said "would go off to a corner for an hour before a scene and go over it and over it by himself."

Post-production
The film was heavily edited by Twentieth Century Fox executives, who refashioned it by playing up the occult themes in Garen's original cut and removing the comedic undertones. "They cut it for a year and made it a straight occult film," he said. After the studio cut was poorly received during a pre-screening, they allowed Garen to re-cut the film himself. Garen intended the film to be "sort of carnival, snake oil, underground [comic book] entertainment...  The only trick I tried to pull off was to keep the audience constantly shifting. When it gets serious, I pull the rug out. It goes from blatant farce to serious to scary to balletic to phantasmagoric." Stills of John Carradine, father of Keith, show the two on the set of the film apparently shooting a scene together, though no footage of John Carradine appears in the final cut of the film.

Release
Hex played at the Atlanta Film Festival on September 8, 1973, where it won the festival's Golden Jury Award, and screened in Atlanta through the month. In some states, such as Wisconsin, the film was shown under the original title, Grassland. It was given further regional test releases in November 1973, but following lukewarm response from audiences and critics, Twentieth Century Fox decided not to give the film a major theatrical release. In March 1974, it was reported that the film was "gathering dust on the shelf" in Twentieth Century Fox's film archive.

Critical response
Norman Mailer considered Hex one of the top-ten best films of 1973. According to Phil Hardy's The Encyclopedia of Horror Movies, Hex "crosses elements of the bike film with those of the post-western and the supernatural tale... The film scarcely succeeds in welding its disparate elements together, but still makes a distinctive, atmospheric impression."

Roger Green of the Cedar Rapids Gazette praised the film for its "oft-used but effective horror sequences," adding: "At the start of the flick, the viewer has expectations of a truly humorous adventure with innumerable profound statements of a symbolic nature...  After this theory vanishes, one settles back for a hair-straightening, edge-of-the-chair spine-tingler."

Home media
The film was released on VHS and Betamax in 1991 through Prism Entertainment. It was released on DVD in 2006 through Trinity Home Entertainment.

References

Sources

External links

1973 films
1973 horror films
1973 Western (genre) films
1970s supernatural horror films
American supernatural horror films
Films about curses
Films about witchcraft
Films scored by Charles Bernstein
Films scored by Patrick Williams
Films set in Nebraska
Films shot in South Dakota
Films about Native Americans
Films set in 1919
Motorcycling films
Psychedelic films
American Western (genre) horror films
1970s Western (genre) horror films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
20th Century Fox films


The Amateur's Guide to Love is an American television game show, created by Merrill Heatter and Bob Quigley, that ran on CBS from March 27 to June 30, 1972. Gene Rayburn was the emcee, while Kenny Williams was the announcer. The theme was written by Mort Garson.

Each episode began with Garson's theme song, set to shots of a van emblazoned with the Amateur's Guide to Love logo driving around southern California, with scenes of men and women falling in love with each other. As the van travels around, host Gene Rayburn sets the scene for the game show:

Afterwards, the show would then cut to the studio, where announcer Kenny Williams would introduce this week's panelists ("our guidebook advisors"), and Rayburn.

Gameplay
The show somewhat resembled Candid Camera, a show involving guest celebrities and unsuspecting civilians. These people were involved in a comedy situation, taped on location in Southern California using a hidden camera. The subjects in the particular situation were faced with two choices, one of which they needed to choose, that were somehow related to sex, marriage, or love. A celebrity panel voted upon which choice would have been the smartest, and the civilian who picked that particular decision won merchandise prizes.

Broadcast history
Amateur's Guide originated as a pilot that aired as part of CBS' Comedy Playhouse on August 8, 1971. This early version of the series was hosted by actor Joe Flynn instead of Rayburn, and featured a four-celebrity panel (Rose Marie, Dick Martin, Michael Landon and Peter Marshall) instead of three.

The program was CBS' first daytime game since the cancellation of To Tell the Truth in September 1968. The series replaced reruns of Gomer Pyle, USMC at 4:00 PM (3:00 Central). However, the show failed to make an impact against Somerset on NBC and daytime rebroadcasts of the popular Love, American Style on ABC. Reruns of the sitcom My Three Sons replaced it on July 3.

Later that year, CBS returned with game shows in its daytime lineup on September 4 with The New Price is Right, Gambit, and The Joker's Wild. Rayburn himself would return to CBS in July 1973 with a revival of his hit NBC show, Match Game.

Episode status
Like many game shows of the era, Amateur's Guide to Love is believed to have been wiped, as only one episode is known to exist. CBS stopped their wiping practices sometime in 1972, long before either of its other Big Three networks, but some series of the time have uncertain statuses.

References

External links
 The Amateur's Guide to Love on IMDb

American hidden camera television series
American dating and relationship reality television series
CBS original programming
1970s American comedy game shows
1972 American television series debuts
1972 American television series endings
Television series by Heatter-Quigley Productions
Television series by MGM Television


Johann Adam Freiherr von Ickstatt (6 January 1702 – 17 August 1776) was a German educator and director of the University of Ingolstadt. Born in Vockenhausen, he was a major proponent of the Enlightenment in Bavaria. He died in Waldsassen. He was a godfather to Adam Weishaupt.

Notes

Sources
  Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) Vol. 13, pp. 740–741.

1702 births
1776 deaths
Barons of Germany
Age of Enlightenment
Academic staff of the University of Ingolstadt


Catherine N. Duckett (born 1961) is the Associate Dean of the School of Science at Monmouth University. Formerly she worked as Associate Director of the Office for the Promotion of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics, and the Program Manager of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System at Rutgers University, as well as a former Associate professor of Biology at University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. She is also a prominent systematic entomologist, specializing in the phylogeny of flea beetles, and an adjunct professor at Rutgers.

Research
Duckett works primarily in systematics, the study of biological diversity and its classification. This involves analyzing the genetic relationship between species and the description and documentation of new taxonomic and morphological features. She works on the taxonomy and systematics of the Chrysomelidae or the leaf beetle, with a focus on the phylogeny of flea beetles (Alticini: Galerucinae). In the past she has focused on the Oedionychines (like Alagoasa aurora) with Karl Kjer at Rutgers. Besides phylogeny, she is interested in the evolution of mimicry, evolution of larval morphologies, and host-plant use patterns. She and her collaborators have described seven different species of Flea beetle and one new genus (Etapocanga) as new to science,. Duckett and collaborators have also described the first immatures known in three genera including  Ivalia Jacoby.

Duckett and collaborators have also published systematic hypotheses about the evolution of Chrysomelidae, and flea beetles as listed on her curriculum vitae.

Women's studies

Duckett worked alongside Joan W. Bennett at the Office for the Promotion of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics at Rutgers University. The organization is unique in its online catalog of influential women scientists and researchers from fields spanning from physics to anthropology. Notably, the site includes a "my story" section, where the women have submitted biographies including both personal anecdotes and their career histories. Duckett's own story is posted. She currently co-directs the women in science and mathematics program  at Monmouth University.

Awards

-1996 & 2002, "Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers."

-1999, Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto de Río Piedras, “Reconocimiento por Excelencia Académica y Productividad”.

-1989-1990, Fulbright-Hays Fellowship to Venezuela to conduct field and museum studies.

Education

-1987-1993, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York., Ph.D. Entomology.

-1985-1987, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, M.A. Biology.

-1979-1983, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, B.A. with Honors.

References

External links
Office for the Promotion of Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics
Rutgers profile
Curriculum Vitae

1961 births
Living people
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni
Brown University alumni
American taxonomists
Women taxonomists
American entomologists
Women entomologists
Coleopterists
American women biologists
University of Puerto Rico faculty
Monmouth University faculty
Rutgers University faculty
American women academics


Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.

Renault may also refer to:

Vehicles

Renault in Formula One, Formula One activities of the French automobile company named Renault
Renault Sport Technologies, sports division of the French automobile company named Renault
Formula Renault, a class of car racing supported by Renault Sport
Renault Trucks, French truck and bus manufacturing subsidiary of AB Volvo
Renault Agriculture, defunct French agricultural equipment manufacturer
Military vehicles by Renault, such as tanks like Renault R40
Aircraft engines by Renault, such as the Renault 4P

People
Renault is a French surname, probably originating from Brittany, easily confused with Renaud, which in French is pronounced in the same way.

Alain Renault, French politician (Revolutionary Nationalist Groups)
Alexandre-Jacques Renault (1768-1820), French politician
Amédée Renault (1920-2008), French politician
Ana Paula Renault (1981–), Brazilian journalist, columnist and TV personality
Annaig Renault (1946-2012), French author
Bernard Renault (botanist) (1836-1904), French paleobotanist
Bernard Renault (canoeist), French slalom canoeist
Camille Renault (1866-1954), French sculptor (Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Camille Renault)
Cécile Renault (1774–1794), French woman accused of attempting to assassinate Robespierre
Christophe Renault (1971-), French editor, historian
Renault Renaldo Duncan (1904-1980), Duncan Renaldo, possibly Romanian-born American actor
Emmanuel Renault (1967-), French philosopher
Éric Renault (1956-), French scientist
Fernand Renault (1865–1909), French business manager, one of the founders of the Renault automobile company
François Louis de Rousselet, Marquis de Châteaurenault (1637-1716), French vice-admiral, maréchal, and nobleman
Gilbert Renault (1904–1984), French Resistance secret agent during World War II
Henri-René Renault (1891–1952), Canadian politician
Jean-Charles Danse-Renault (1761-1831), French politician
Jeanne Renault Saint-Laurent (1886-1966), wife of Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada
Léon Renault (1839-1933), French politician, senator, juris doctor
Louis Renault (jurist) (1843–1918), French jurist and educator, Nobel peace prize 1907
Louis Renault (industrialist) (1877–1944), French industrialist, one of the founders of the Renault automobile company
Louise Renault, French shooter, European champion
Marcel Renault (1872–1903), French race driver, one of the founders of the Renault automobile company
Maxime Renault (1990-), French racing cyclist
Murielle Renault (1972-), French author
Mary Renault (1905–1983), British writer
Patrick Renault, French TV screenwriter
Philip Francois Renault (before 1719–c. 1750), French explorer and courtier
Pierre Hippolyte Publius Renault (1807-1870), French division general
Pierre Antoine Renault (1750-1835), French botanist
Stéphane Renault (1968-), French badminton player
Thomas-Eugène-Eloi Renault (1805-1863), French veterinary, professor
Thomas Renault de Saint-Germain (1781-1833), French military and colonial administrator
Charles Lebrun-Renault (1853-1921), character in the Dreyfus affair
Jean Malo-Renault (1900–1988), French engraver and librarian
Édouard-Pierre Renault-Morlière (1833-1901), French military
Amédée Renault-Morlière (1839-1907), French politician
Renault Robinson, (1942-), US police officer and chairman of Chicago Housing Authority

Fiction
Captain Louis Renault, in the film Casablanca
Jerry Renault, the protagonist of The Chocolate War
Dr. Renault's Secret, 1942 motion picture from 20th Century Fox
Bernard, Jacques and Jean Renault, related characters in the Twin Peaks TV series, see List of Twin Peaks characters#Renault family

Other
Château-Renault is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in Centre region, France
Auberville-la-Renault is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France
Renault, Illinois, USA, an unincorporated community
Renault (cognac), a brand and a manufacturer of Cognac (French Brandy Liquor)
Renault (cycling team), a French road-racing team 1978–1985
Renault Winery, a winery in New Jersey
Ogilvy Renault, a large Canadian law firm (1879-2010)

See also
Renaud (disambiguation)
Renald, given name
Reynard (disambiguation)
Raynaud's phenomenon
Raynaud's disease

Surnames of Breton origin
Germanic-language surnames
Surnames from given names


John Conover Smock (September 21, 1842 – April 21, 1926) was an American geologist.

Biography
Smock was born in Holmdel Township, New Jersey, graduated at Rutgers College in 1862, and was tutor in chemistry there 1865–67. He became Professor-elect of Mining and Metallurgy in 1867, holding the chair 1871–75, meantime studying in Germany at the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg and at the University of Berlin. He was assistant in charge of the New York State Museum 1885–89, received a Ph.D. from Lafayette College in 1882, and was manager of the American Institute of Mining Engineers 1875–77.

Smock was associated with George Hammell Cook in preparing the annual reports of the Geological Survey of New Jersey for 1871–84, and in the volumes on The Geology of New Jersey (1868), and the Report on Clay Deposits; issued, as a bulletin of the State museum, On Building-Stones in New York (1888).

In 1890 he was appointed State Geologist of New Jersey.

He died in Hudson, New York, on April 21, 1926.

References

1842 births
1926 deaths
People from Holmdel Township, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
American geologists


Daniel Jacobs (born February 3, 1987) is an American professional boxer. He is a two-time middleweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 2018 to 2019 and the WBA (Regular) title from 2014 to 2017. Nicknamed the "Miracle Man," Jacobs' career was almost cut short in 2011 due to osteosarcoma, a rare form of bone cancer. He went on to make a full recovery after spending 19 months out of the sport, meanwhile recovering from severe operation-induced injuries generally perceived as crippling.

As of September 2021, Jacobs is ranked as the world's eighth-best active super middleweight by The Ring magazine, sixth the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board and third by BoxRec. He is particularly known for his exceptional punching power, with an 82.8% knockout-to-win ratio, and is stylistically considered an all-around fighter with good movement and hand speed.

Early life
Jacobs was born and raised in Brownsville, Brooklyn. He was raised by his mother, Yvette Jacobs, his grandmother, Cordelia Jacobs, and his aunts. Jacobs graduated from Erasmus High School.

Amateur career
As an amateur boxer, Jacobs recorded 137 wins and 7 losses. In 2003, Jacobs won the Junior Olympics national championship at 154 pounds. In 2004, Jacobs won the United States national champion in the 19-and-under division, a PAL national championship, and a National Golden Gloves welterweight championship. In 2005, he won his second PAL national championship and also won the National Golden Gloves middleweight championship. In July 2005 he faced Russian Matvey Korobov at the preliminaries of the 2005 Boxing World Cup, and lost via a third round stoppage. In 2006, Jacobs won the United States Amateur middleweight championship, decisioning Shawn Porter in the finals, 32–21. During his amateur career, Jacobs won four New York Golden Gloves championships. He almost qualified for the U.S. Olympic team for the 2008 Summer Olympics, beating Dominic Wade and Shawn Porter (twice) en route, but twice lost the North American Olympic Qualifier Super Middleweight finale to Shawn Estrada.

Professional career

Early career

Jacobs made his professional boxing debut on the undercard of Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton, which took place on December 8, 2007, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. In that fight, he defeated Jose Jesus Hurtado by first round technical knockout in just 29 seconds. Jacobs signed with Golden Boy Promotions and often fought on the undercard of super-fights. He was regarded as a blue-chip prospect.

On April 27, 2009, Jacobs agreed to replace junior middleweight James Kirkland, who was arrested on a gun charge, to fight Mike Walker, who was coming off a victory over two-time world title challenger Antwun Echols. The fight took place on May 2, 2009, at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, and Jacobs won by unanimous decision with scores of 80–72 from two judges and 79–73 from the other. On August 22, 2009, Jacobs defeated Ishe Smith by unanimous decision to win the NABO middleweight title.

Jacobs vs. Pirog
On July 31, 2010, Jacobs faced undefeated Russian Dmitry Pirog for the vacant WBO middleweight championship. The belt had last belonged to Sergio Martínez, who was stripped due to not complying with the WBO's rules. The fight took place at the Mandalay Bay Events Center. Pirog was a 3–1 underdog going into the fight. Jacobs was up on the cards when he was caught with a massive right hand against the ropes and knocked out in the 5th round, handing him his first career loss. After the fight, Pirog said "After the second round, I knew I was good. I hurt him in the second and I knew I could come back and do it again."

Jacobs won his next two fights before he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma.

Return after cancer treatment
On October 20, 2012, having fully recovered from cancer, Jacobs made a successful return to professional boxing with a first-round knockout victory over Josh Luteran.

ESPN.com reported that the scheduled February 9, 2013 bout between Danny Garcia and Zab Judah at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York was moved to April 27, 2013 because of a rib injury sustained by Garcia. With Jacobs penciled in on the undercard fight for this event, his fight moved to April 27 as well. Jacobs defeated Keenan Collins with a round 4 knockout on that date.

On August 19, 2013, Jacobs captured the WBC Continental Americas middleweight title via third-round knockout of Giovanni Lorenzo during the premiere of Golden Boy Live! on Fox Sports 1.

WBA (Regular) middleweight champion
On August 9, 2014, Jacobs won the vacant WBA (Regular) middleweight title with a 5th-round TKO over Jarrod Fletcher at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Jacobs dropped Fletcher in round 1 with a left hook and in round 5 with a right cross. With the win, Jacobs became a world champion. "It feels so great to win this belt," Jacobs said. "It's the greatest moment in my life." Jacobs stated that he wanted to fight Peter Quillin next.

Jacobs' first defense came against Caleb Truax, whom he comfortably outboxed for eleven rounds, until he scored a knockdown and got a stoppage on round 12.

Jacobs' then fought former light middleweight titlist Sergio Mora. Jacobs started the fight tentatively, but was able to time and counter Mora with a right hook that put the latter on the canvas. Mora was able to return the favor when Jacobs tried to apply pressure to get a quick stoppage. The fight would then be stopped when Mora retired after injuring his right foot in round 2. After the fight, Jacobs once again said he was looking to fight Quillin.

Jacobs vs. Quillin, Mora II
On December 5, 2015 Jacobs beat Peter Quillin by TKO in the first round. Jacobs landed a lead right hand that caught Quillin flush on the temple and heavily rocked him. Jacobs then attempted to finish the fight landing non stop hard combinations the whole round. He landed another big punch that saw Quillin staggering over to the ropes, at which point the referee saw that Quillin was highly disorientated and waved the fight off with no complaint from Quillin. Many, including Floyd Mayweather, felt that the fight was halted too early.

In September 2016, Jacobs rematched Sergio Mora. He complained that the fight was a step back for him, as he thought he'd beaten Mora convincingly the first time. On fight night, Jacobs scored two flash knockdowns in rounds 4 and 5 before getting a dominant TKO win. Mora went down three times in round 7 before the referee halted the contest.

Jacobs vs. Golovkin

Jacobs was engaged in negotiations with WBC, IBF, IBO and WBA (Super) middleweight champion Gennady Golovkin through 2016. Jacobs was Golovkin's mandatory as both fighters held WBA belts, as part of the WBA's stated plan to unify their belts. WBA president Gilberto Mendoza confirmed in an email to RingTV that a deal had to be made by 5pm on December 7 or a purse bid would be held on December 19 in Panama. Later that day, the WBA announced a purse bid would be scheduled with a minimum bid of $400,000, with Golovkin receiving 75% and Jacobs 25%. Although purse bids were announced, Loeffler stated he would carry on negotiations, hopeful that a deal would be reached before the purse bid. On December 17, terms were finally agreed and it was officially announced that the fight would take place at Madison Square Garden in New York City on March 18, 2017. The fight would be shown on HBO PPV.

At the official weigh-in, a day before the fight, Golovkin tipped the scales at 159.6 lb, while Jacobs weighed 159.8 lb. Jacobs declined to compete for the IBF title by skipping a fight-day weight check. Unlike other major sanctioning bodies, the IBF requires participants in title fights to submit to a weight check on the morning of the fight, as well as the official weigh-in the day before the fight; at the morning weight check, they can weigh no more than  above the fight's weight limit. Jacobs weighed 182 lb on fight night, 12 more than Golovkin.

In front of a sell-out crowd of 19,939, the fight went the full 12 rounds. This was the first time that Golovkin fought 12 rounds in his professional career. Golovkin's ring control, constant forward pressure and effective jab lead to a 115–112, 115–112, and 114–113 unanimous decision victory, ending his 23-fight knockout streak which dated back to November 2008. In the fourth round, Golovkin dropped Jacobs with a short right hand along the ropes for a flash knockdown. Jacobs recovered, but Golovkin controlled most of the middle rounds. Jacobs was effective in switching between orthodox and southpaw stance, but remained on the back foot. Both boxers were warned once in the fight by referee Charlie Fitch for rabbit punching. According to Compubox punch stats, Golovkin landed 231 of 615 punches (38%) which was more than Jacobs who landed 175 of 541 (32%). Jacobs thought he had won the fight by two rounds and attributed the loss due to the potential big money fight that is Golovkin vs. Canelo Álvarez. Jacobs also stated after being knocked down, he told Golovkin, "he'd have to kill me." In the post-fight interview, Golovkin said, "I'm a boxer, not a killer. I respect the game." Before revenue shares, it was reported that Golovkin would earn at least $2.5 million compared to Jacobs $1.75 million.

Signing with Matchroom Boxing

Jacobs vs. Arias
In September 2017, it was announced that Jacobs had signed with promotional outfit Matchroom Boxing. Jacobs had worked without a promotional outfit since his return. The deal would see Jacobs' fights be televised on HBO. It was later announced that Jacobs would face Luis Arias on November 11 at the Nassau Coliseum. Jacobs dominated Arias from beginning to end and scored a flash knockdown in round 11 to win a unanimous decision 118–109, 119–108, and 120–107. This was Jacobs' first decision win in a 12-round bout. According to CompuBox Stats, Jacobs landed 184 of 581 punches thrown (32%), while Arias landed 88 of 318 (28%). Jacobs outlanded Arias in every single round. The bout averaged 706,000 and peaked at 765,000 viewers.

Jacobs vs. Sulęcki
In February 2018, after weeks of speculation, it was officially announced that Jacobs would fight Polish boxer Maciej Sulęcki (26–0, 10 KOs) on April 28 at the Barclays Center in New York City on HBO. On March 30, the WBA elevated the fight to be an eliminator for their middleweight title. Jacobs won 116–111, 117–110 and 115–112 on three judges' scorecards.

The fight averaged 811,000 viewers and peaked at 874,000 viewers.

Jacobs vs. Derevyanchenko
On April 27, the IBF ordered Gennady Golovkin to defend his title against Ukrainian contender Sergiy Derevyanchenko (12–0, 10 KOs). This came after the Golovkin vs. Alvarez rematch broke down and Golovkin decided to fight Vanes Martirosyan on May 5. The IBF allowed Golovkin to fight Martirosyan as long as he would fight Derevyanchenko afterwards. On June 6, Golovkin was stripped of his IBF world title due to not adhering to the IBF rules. The IBF granted Golovkin an exception to fight Martirosyan although they would not sanction the fight, however told Golovkin's team to start negotiating and fight mandatory challenger Derevyanchenko by August 3, 2018. The IBF released a statement in detail. On June 25, the IBF ordered a purse bid to take place for Jacobs vs. Derevyanchenko on June 11. On July 20, according to Ringtv, the fight would take place for the vacant IBF middleweight title on November 10, 2018 at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Uniondale, New York.

Jacobs vs. Álvarez

In his next fight, Jacobs faced Mexican boxer Canelo Álvarez, in a bid to unify his IBF title with the WBA, WBC and The Ring middleweight titles. In a mostly tactical bout, both fighters managed to avoid a lot of punches. Canelo proved to be the more elusive and efficient of the two, winning the fight via unanimous decision, 116–112, 115–113 and 115–113 to unify the middleweight belts.

Jacobs vs. Chavez Jr
On December 20, 2019, Jacobs faced Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. Chavez Jr started the fight well, but after two rounds Jacobs figured out his own plan of attack, and started to land on Chavez Jr and to hurt him. This prompted Chavez Jr to quit after five rounds, due to an alleged nose and hand injury.

Jacobs vs. Rosado
In his following bout, Jacobs faced Gabriel Rosado. In a largely underwhelming fight, Jacobs, who came in as the heavy favorite, had a rough time against Rosado, and scored a narrow split-decision win. Two of the judges had it 115–113 for Jacobs, while the third judge had it 115–113 for Rosado.

Personal life
In May 2011, Jacobs was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a life-threatening form of bone cancer. After receiving successful treatment at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital he returned to the ring. Jacobs has a son.

Professional boxing record

Viewership

Pay-per-view bouts

Subscription sports streaming service bouts

References

External links

Daniel Jacobs profile at Premier Boxing Champions
Daniel Jacobs - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

1987 births
Living people
People from Brownsville, Brooklyn
Super-middleweight boxers
Winners of the United States Championship for amateur boxers
National Golden Gloves champions
Boxers from Brooklyn
African-American boxers
American male boxers
World Boxing Association champions
World middleweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


WAVR (102.1 FM) and WATS (960 AM) are a pair of radio stations simulcasting an Adult Contemporary format. The stations serve Bradford County, Pennsylvania and Tioga County, New York, located in the Twin Tiers between Elmira and Binghamton. The station is currently owned by Dave Radigan's WATS UP, LLC. The station features a local morning program hosted by Chuck Carver and Todd Bowers called "Chuck and Todd Live" and programming from AP Radio and Jones Radio Network.

In October 2020, WATS Broadcasting, Inc. (a corporation owned by Carver, Bowers, and Larry Brown) agreed to sell WATS and WAVR to Dave Radigan, the owner of WEBO, a similarly formatted station in Owego. The sale, at a price of $450,000, was consummated on January 7, 2021.

WATS is licensed to Sayre, Pennsylvania and WAVR is licensed to Waverly, Tioga County, New York; the two towns are adjacent to each other and are located on opposite sides of Interstate 86 and New York-Pennsylvania border. The two stations are headquartered in Sayre.

Stations

References

External links

AVR
Radio stations established in 1950


Abilene Airport may refer to:

 Abilene Municipal Airport in Abilene, Kansas, United States (FAA: K78)
 Abilene Regional Airport in Abilene, Texas, United States (FAA: ABI)


"Git Along, Little Dogies" is a traditional cowboy ballad, also performed under the title "Whoopie Ti Yi Yo." It is cataloged as Roud Folk Song Index No. 827. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

The "dogies" referred to in the song are runty or orphaned calves.

History
It is believed to be a variation of a traditional Irish ballad about an old man rocking a cradle. The cowboy adaptation is first mentioned in the 1893 journal of Owen Wister, author of The Virginian. Through Wister's influence, the melody and lyrics were first published in 1910 in John Lomax's Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads.

Historian Richard White borrowed a line from the song as the title of his 1991 book It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West.

Notable performances
The earliest commercial recording of the song was by Harry "Mac" McClintock in 1929 (released on Victor V-40016 as "Get Along, Little Doggies").

Bing Crosby covered the song for his 1959 album How the West Was Won.

The Kingston Trio covered the song for their 1962 album New Frontier.

The Sons of the Pioneers covered the song for their 1990 album Sunset on the Range.

References

External links
The Library of Congress: The American Folklife Center
White, John I., Git Along, Little Dogies: Songs and Songmakers of the American West (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975), referenced in "AFC News," Summer 2006, The Library of Congress: The American Folklife Center
"Guides to Special Collections" in the Music Division of the Library of Congress", Library of Congress

American folk songs
Western music (North America)
American Songbag songs
Year of song unknown
Songs about cattle


Anacleto González Flores (July 13, 1888 – April 1, 1927) was a Mexican Catholic layman and lawyer who was tortured and executed during the persecution of the Catholic Church under Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles.

González was beatified by Benedict XVI as a martyr on 20 2005.

Background
When González was killed, Mexico was under the rule of President Plutarco Elías Calles, who was fiercely anticlerical and anti-Catholic. Mexico was undergoing what the British author Graham Greene called the "fiercest persecution of religion anywhere since the reign of Elizabeth."

Early life
The second of twelve children born to the poor family of Valentín González Sánchez and María Flores Navarro, Anacleto González Flores was baptized the day after his birth. A Roman Catholic priest who was a friend of the family recognized Gonzáles's intelligence and recommended him for the minor seminary. There, Gonzáles excelled and earned the nickname "Maestro." After deciding that he did not have the calling to Holy Orders, González began the study of law at Escuela Libre de Derecho in Guadalajara and became an attorney in 1922. He married María Concepción Guerrero, and they had two children.

González attended Mass daily and engaged in numerous works of charity, including visiting prisoners and teaching the catechism.

Career
González became an activist, led the Catholic Association of Mexican Youth (ACJM), and founded the magazine La Palabra, which attacked the anticlerical and anti-Catholic articles of the Constitution of 1917. He was the founder and president of the Popular Union (UP), which organized Catholics to resist the persecution of the church.

Originally, González supported passive resistance against the government since he had studied the methods of Gandhi.  However, in 1926, he learned of the murder of four members of the Catholic Association of Mexican Youth, joined the National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom, and supported the coming rebellion. He wrote, "the country is a jail for the Catholic Church.... We are not worried about defending our material interests because these come and go; but our spiritual interests, these we will defend because they are necessary to obtain our salvation."

In January 1927, after they had endured religious persecution and state atheism, Mexican Catholics took up arms and set off the Cristero War. González did not take up arms but gave speeches that encouraged Catholics to support the Cristeros with money, food, accommodation, and clothing. He wrote pamphlets and gave speeches that supported his opposition to the anticlerical government.

Seeking to crush the rebellion, the government sought to capture the leaders of the Popular Union and the National League for the Defence of Religious Freedom.  González was captured and framed with charges that he murdered an American, Edgar Wilkens, but the government knew that Wilkens had been killed by a robber, Guadalupe Zuno.

Martyrdom
González was tortured, including being hung by his thumbs pulling them out of their sockets, having his shoulder fractured with a rifle butt, and having the bottom of his feet slashed. On April 1, 1927, he was executed by firing squad. Echoing the words of the assassinated Ecuadorian President Gabriel García Moreno, who defied the forces seeking to suppress his faith, González's last words were "Hear Americas for the second time: I die but God does not! Viva Cristo Rey!"

Wilkens's widow, who knew that González had been framed, wrote a letter of protest to Washington, DC, which exonerated him. A letter staying his execution arrived shortly after he had been shot.

In popular culture
González was portrayed by the actor Eduardo Verástegui in the film For Greater Glory (Spanish: Cristada), which also starred Andy Garcia, Eva Longoria, and Peter O'Toole.

References

Sources

1888 births
1927 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
20th-century venerated Christians
Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI
Cristero War
People from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Executed Mexican people
People executed by Mexico by firing squad
Mexican torture victims
Victims of anti-Catholic violence in Mexico
Mexican activists
Mexican beatified people
Religious persecution


Git Along Little Dogies may refer to:

 "Git Along, Little Dogies", a traditional cowboy ballad
 Git Along Little Dogies (film), a 1937 film directed by Joseph Kane


Utricularia petersoniae is a small annual carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. petersoniae, a lithophyte, is endemic to the Mexican state of Guerrero. It was first published and described by Peter Taylor in 1986. It is named in honor of Kathleen M. Peterson, one of the collectors who first discovered this species.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of North America
Flora of Guerrero
petersoniae


James Richard Hendrix  (August 20, 1925 – November 14, 2002) was a United States Army master sergeant and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration for valor—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in Belgium during World War II.

Biography
Hendrix was born and raised in Lepanto, Arkansas, the oldest child of a sharecropper with fourteen children. He left elementary school at West Side after the third grade to work in the fields in order to help his family at home. He learned marksmanship skills while hunting for food. In 1943, at age 18, he was drafted into the U.S. Army. He was sent to basic training in Florida, the first time he had been more than a few miles from his hometown. He became a member of the 4th Armored Division after basic training.

He was sent to Europe as a private with Company C, 53rd Armored Infantry Battalion, 4th Armored Division. After waiting out the invasion of Normandy aboard ship in the English Channel, the 4th AD landed on Utah Beach on June 11, 1944, and joined the drive across France and into Belgium as the spearhead of General George Patton's Third Army.

During the Battle of the Bulge, on December 26, 1944, near , Belgium, Hendrix, a bazooka man, captured two enemy artillery guncrews, and armed with a rifle, held off the fire of two machine guns until wounded comrades could be evacuated, and then rescued a soldier from a burning vehicle. He was presented the Medal of Honor by President Truman at a White House ceremony on August 23, 1945; he was awarded the medal on September 1, 1945.

Hendrix re-enlisted in 1945, and became a paratrooper; during parachute training he broke his leg when his chute failed to open. He reached the rank of master sergeant and served in combat with a parachute unit during the Korean War and served briefly during the Vietnam War before retiring from the Army in 1966. He died of cancer at age 77 and was buried in the Florida National Cemetery, Bushnell, Florida.

Medal of Honor citation
Hendrix's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

On the night of 26 December 1944, near Assenois, Belgium, he was with the leading element engaged in the final thrust to break through to the besieged garrison at Bastogne when halted by a fierce combination of artillery and small arms fire. He dismounted from his half-track and advanced against two 88mm. guns, and, by the ferocity of his rifle fire, compelled the guncrews to take cover and then to surrender. Later in the attack he again left his vehicle, voluntarily, to aid 2 wounded soldiers, helpless and exposed to intense machinegun fire. Effectively silencing 2 hostile machineguns, he held off the enemy by his own fire until the wounded men were evacuated. Pvt. Hendrix again distinguished himself when he hastened to the aid of still another soldier who was trapped in a burning half-track. Braving enemy sniper fire and exploding mines and ammunition in the vehicle, he extricated the wounded man and extinguished his flaming clothing, thereby saving the life of his fellow soldier. Pvt. Hendrix, by his superb courage and heroism, exemplified the highest traditions of the military service.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
James H. Fields
Joseph J. Sadowski

References

1925 births
2002 deaths
People from Lepanto, Arkansas
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Florida National Cemetery


WQNY (103.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Ithaca, New York, United States, the station serves that market and occasionally has appeared in the Elmira-Corning ratings, as the station can be heard well in the eastern and northeastern parts of that market. The station is owned Saga Communications, and operates as part of its Cayuga Radio Group.

History
WQNY was the flagship station of the Rural Radio Network (having replaced the station now known as WYXL) and signed on June 6, 1948, as WVFC. WVFC (later WRRA and then WEIV) served as flagship of the network from 1948 to 1981, when the network split up. On December 21, 1982, the station changed its call sign to the current WQNY.

Q-Country 103.7 is currently formatted as a country station, with local personalities either live or voicetracking from 6 am to 7 pm weekdays and most of the weekend daytime hours also.  Prior to Saga ownership, WQNY was once an AOR and Adult Contemporary (in the late 1980s) type station known as Q104 or Q104FM "Ithaca's Continuous Music Station" also "The best of the 60's, 70's and Today" as of 1986.

In March 2010, WQNY began carrying its AM sister stations on its HD subchannels.  WNYY now occupies the 103.7-HD2 channel, while WHCU occupies 103.7-HD3.  The HD carriage enables the AM stations to overcome smaller, directional patterns used during nighttime hours.

In August 2010, translator W240CB 95.9 FM signed on the air and was assigned to relay WQNY.  Saga uses the translator to relay the WQNY HD3 feed, WHCU.

On August 30, 2018, WQNY-HD3 dropped its simulcast with WHCU and began stunting with a loop of songs by Ithaca-based X Ambassadors. The station revealed its permanent format, alternative rock, on September 4, 2018.

WQNY is the most popular station in the Ithaca market, according to Arbitron ratings, and is thus the most commercially successful of the former Rural Radio Network stations.

References

External links

QNY
Radio stations established in 1948
1948 establishments in New York (state)
Mass media in Ithaca, New York
Country radio stations in the United States


is a Japanese retired football player. He played for Japan national team.

Club career
Nagata was born in Shizuoka on 6 April 1983. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he joined J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol in 2002. He debuted in September 2002 and became a regular center back in 2003. However he injured his anterior cruciate ligament in March 2005. Although he came back in November, Reysol was relegated to J2 League end of 2005 season. In 2006, Nagata moved to J1 club Albirex Niigata with teammate Kisho Yano. However Nagata could not play at all in the match for injuries in 2006. He became a regular player in 2007 and played many matches as center back with Mitsuru Chiyotanda (2007-2009) and Kazuhiko Chiba (2010). In 2011, Nagata moved to Urawa Reds with teammate Márcio Richardes. He became a regular center back from first season. However he could not play many matches for repeated injuries from 2013. In 2017, he moved to J2 club Tokyo Verdy. Although he played for the club in 2 seasons, he could hardly play in the match and resigned end of 2018 season. Nagata joined Tokyo United FC on 15 May 2019.

National team career
Nagata was a participant at 2003 World Youth Championship in United Arab Emirates. He was called up to senior national team in 2004. He made his full international debut on 2 September 2010 in a friendly match against Guatemala. He was also selected in the national squad for the 2011 Asian Cup finals as a late replacement for injured Tomoaki Makino. He played 2 games for Japan until 2011.

Club statistics

1Includes other competitive competitions, including the J. League promotion/relegation series.

National team statistics

Appearances in major competitions

Honours

Japan
AFC Asian Cup: 1
 2011

Urawa Reds
J.League Cup: 1
 2016

Individual
AFC U-19 Championship Best Eleven: 1
 2002

References

External links

 Japan National Football Team Database

1983 births
Living people
Japanese men's footballers
Japan men's youth international footballers
Japan men's international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Albirex Niigata players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Tokyo Verdy players
Tokyo United FC players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Men's association football defenders
Association football people from Shizuoka (city)


WNGZ may refer to:

 WNGZ (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to serve Watkins Glen, New York, United States
 WCIM (FM), a radio station (104.9 FM) licensed to serve Montour Falls, New York, which held the call sign WNGZ from 1982 to 2020


America's Best TV Comics is a one-shot American comic book packaged by Marvel Comics' parent company in mid-1967 in conjunction with the ABC television network to promote the network's Saturday morning cartoon lineup.

Publication history
Marvel Comics, which occasionally packaged sponsored comics, created this 68-page comic book in 1967 for the ABC television network to promote the network's Saturday morning cartoon lineup. The formal credit in the comic's indicia is for Marvel's parent company, Magazine Management. The indicia also specifies, "Distributed nationally by the Independent News Company," which distributed Marvel Comics at the time. The copyright is held by ABC. Bearing a cover price of 25¢ and also distributed via mail-order,  it features the Marvel characters the Fantastic Four and Spider-Man, who were debuting in half-hour animated series that fall, as well as stories based on the upcoming animated series Journey to the Center of the Earth, The King Kong Show, George of the Jungle, and Casper the Friendly Ghost. The ABC cartoon block, which also included the series The Beatles, ran Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.

The main cover image of the Fantastic Four's Mr. Fantastic was penciled either by Jack Kirby or Larry Lieber mimicking Kirby's style, and possibly inked by either Frank Giacoia or Joe Sinnott (sources differ). All were Marvel Comics regulars. The image of the Fantastic Four in the top right-hand box is a partial reproduction of the Kirby-Sinnott cover of Fantastic Four #49 (April 1966).

The stories, in order, are:
 a 10-page, edited Casper reprint, "The Flying Horse", from The Friendly Ghost, Casper #17 (Jan. 1960) by artist Warren Kremer and an unconfirmed writer, possibly Ralph Newman;
 a 10-page, edited reprint of the 22-page "Prisoners of the Pharaoh", by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciler Kirby and inker Dick Ayers, from Fantastic Four #19 (Oct. 1963)
 a 10-page, edited reprint of the 20-page "The Birth of a Super-Hero", by writer-editor Lee and penciler-inker John Romita Sr., from The Amazing Spider-Man #42 (Nov. 1966)
 the 10-page Journey to the Center of the Earth original story "The People of the Styx", by an unknown writer and penciler-inker Paul Reinman, a Marvel Comics regular
 the 10-page King Kong original story "Kong Joins the Circus", by an uncredited creative team, and
 the 10-page George of the Jungle original story "Shep's Burial Ground", also by an uncredited team.

The comic also includes single-page ads for some ABC primetime series, with that of Cowboy in Africa and The Flying Nun penciled by John Tartaglione, and a combined ad for Custer and Batman pencilled by George Tuska.

References

External links


WLNL (1000 AM) is a radio station in Horseheads, New York, United States, serving the Elmira-Corning area. The station is owned by Trinity Media, Ltd. 1000 AM is a United States and Mexican clear-channel frequency; WLNL must leave the air from sunset to sunrise to prevent interference with the nighttime skywave signal of WMVP in Chicago.

This frequency was put to use from Horseheads in 1967 as WIQT, a full-service adult contemporary station owned by Manuel Panosian. Panosian successfully applied for a new license for a station at 820 kHz, and in January 1988, WIQT moved there; simultaneously, the 1000 kHz facility was sold and would air Christian programming for the next 33 years. In 2021, the station went silent for seven months and returned with its present conservative talk format under the moniker "The Bell".

History

WIQT
On August 10, 1965, Manuel Panosian, the owner of several clothing stores in Elmira and Horseheads, filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to build a new daytime-only radio station on 1000 kHz in Horseheads. Panosian proposed to target his programming at the Horseheads area, feeling it had been insufficiently served by the three existing stations in Chemung County. Construction of the station was approved on December 9, 1966, and took place in early 1967. At one point, the call letters "WI T" were painted on the transmitter building, as the third letter in the call sign had not yet been selected; however, the call sign WIQT would be chosen.

WIQT began broadcasting on May 7, 1967. It was not long before the station expanded to FM. In December 1968, a construction permit was granted for a new FM station in Horseheads, and WQIX (100.9 FM) began broadcasting on July 4, 1970. By 1979, in addition to the radio stations, Panosian owned six shoe, clothing, and furniture stores in upstate New York, including one in Utica. In 1980, the FCC approved a power upgrade for WIQT to the present facility of 5,000 watts daytime and 2,500 watts during critical hours.

The breakdown of clear-channel radio frequencies in the 1980s created an opening for a new station—which could operate at night—at 820 kHz in the region, and Panosian's first application to move or start a new station on that frequency was filed in 1981. The FCC approved his application for 820 kHz in 1987, and work began to add towers to the transmitter site on Philo Road in Horseheads to accommodate the changeover.

WLNL
In order for Panosian to begin broadcasting at 820 kHz, it was necessary to divest the station at 1000 kHz. In late 1987, Panosian filed to sell it to Paul and Nancy Schumacher, owners of Christian radio station WSJL in Cape May, New Jersey. On January 6, 1988, WIQT and its full-service adult contemporary format signed on at 820 kHz, making way for the new Schumacher-run station at 1000 kHz. WLNL would air a mix of Christian talk and music programs. It used a mix of aging surplus equipment from WIQT and articles donated by Christian churches in its broadcast area.

WLNL's economic strength wavered in the station's early years; in 1990, its finances were described as "questionable" by its new station manager. The Schumachers sold the outlet in 1991 to Lighthouse Media, a company owned by Love Church Ministries of Horseheads, for $256,000, mostly in assumption of debt. Love Church grew throughout the 1990s, acquiring a second radio station (WMKB, an Elmira rimshot licensed to Ridgebury, Pennsylvania), and building a new church sanctuary in 1996.

Lighthouse Media was replaced by Trinity Media as licensee in 2006, although the change had in actuality occurred in 2001. Jim Pierce became the sole owner of Trinity in 2015 after Michael Cuomo sold him his 50 percent stake in the firm.

After more than 32 years of Christian programming, Trinity Media took WLNL silent on March 1, 2021; in asking for authority to remain off the air with the FCC, it cited financial difficulties. Programming resumed on October 1, 2021, After the silence, the station reemerged as "The Bell", a conservative talk station with Salem Radio Network syndicated programs from such hosts as Hugh Hewitt, Charlie Kirk, and Sebastian Gorka.

References

External links

LNL
LNL
1967 establishments in New York (state)
Radio stations established in 1967
Talk radio stations in the United States
Conservative talk radio