Beitunia (), also Bitunya, is a Palestinian city located  west of Ramallah  and  north of Jerusalem, in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of Palestine, in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 26,604 in 2017, making it the third largest locality in its governorate after al-Bireh and Ramallah.

History
Potsherds from the Byzantine, Mamluk and early Ottoman period have been found.

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine  suggested that  Beitunia was the  Crusader village Uniet,  which  was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. However, in 1887,  Röhricht identified Beitunia with  Beitiumen, another fief  given by the King to  the Holy Sepulchre.  Conder  found this to be "evidently correct" and hence  "very doubtful" that Beitunia  was Uniet. Abel, writing in 1931, suggested  that  Beitunia was Beit Uniet, mentioned in an early 12th-century text.

A large vaulted building in the town,  named Badd al Balad ("oil press of the village") has been dated to the Crusader era.

Ottoman era
Beitunia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located  in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. The population was 75 households and 5 bachelors, all  Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rated of 33,3% on wheat, barley, olives, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 23,000  akçe.

In 1738 Richard Pococke called it  "a place called Bethany to the north."

The American scholar Edward Robinson noted it in 1838, as a Muslim  village,   part of the  El-Kuds district.

In 1870 the French explorer Victor Guérin found  that Beitunia  contained six hundred inhabitants.  Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about the same year (1870)  that Beitunia had a total of 147 houses and a population of 481, though the population count included men, only.

Several inscriptions, dating to 1873-74 and forwards, have been described from the house of the village Mukhtar.

In 1883,  the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine  described Beitunia as "A good-sized village of stone, surrounded by olives, standing high on a flat rocky ridge, with a plain to the east. To the east are cisterns, wine-presses, and a pond (el Baliia), which contains water in winter. On the north and east are rock-cut tombs with well-cut entrances, but blocked up."

In 1896 the population of  Betunja  was estimated to be about 1,056 persons.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beitunia had a population of 948 Muslim,   increasing in the 1931 census to 1,213, still all Muslim, in 277 houses.

Due to a lack of economic opportunities in the early 20th century, many people emigrated. Some went to the Chicago area, and were involved in the startup of the Bridgeview Mosque.

In the 1945 statistics  the population was 1,490, all Muslims, while the total land area was 23,366 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 7,854 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 8,381 for cereals, while 77 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beitunia came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population of Beituniya was 2,216.

Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beitunia has been under Israeli occupation. After 1995, under the Oslo Accords, 3,759 dunums (17.8%) of the town's lands were classified as Area A, 472 dunums (2.2%) were classified as Area B, while the remaining 16,896 dunums (80%) were classified as Area C. Israel has confiscated land from Beitunia in order to construct two Israeli settlements: Beit Horon and Giv'at Ze'ev.

According to the Oslo Accords, the IDF is prevented from entering areas A (an area under full Palestinian Authority control), but Operation Defensive Shield in 2002 abolished this distinction when the IDF searched that year in Beitunia for a suspect who wanted to make himself a "martyr." The IDF-search extended to Qalandiya, Bayt Surik, Bayt Deko, al-Judeirah, and Hizma.

Israeli West Bank barrier
Beitunia's land area consists of 2, 617.4 hectares (26,174 dunams) of which 336.2 hectares is built-up area. The Israeli West Bank barrier separates the urban area from 66% of the town's lands, however, most of the cut-off territory (Seam Zone) is made-up of forest and open spaces making it prime agricultural and grazing land.

Salah El-Dein Mosque

Salah El-Dein Mosque is located to the west of the city and was established in 2002. It is named related to the old Muslim leader Salah Al-Dein Al-Ayoubi. It is considered one of the main mosques in the area. It consists of 3 floors and has a capacity for approximately 500 persons.

Killed during Israeli Palestinian conflict
Fadel Abu Zahira (9 years old) was shot and killed on 18 April 2002 in his own home in Beitunia. The bullet came from an armored vehicle and went through the window. Hussein Mahmoud 'Awad 'Alian (17 years old) was killed by Israeli gunfire on 16 April 2004 during demonstrations against the barrier.

Two boys, Nadim Nawarah and Mohammad Odeh, were shot and killed in the Beitunia killings on 15 May 2014. One Israeli policeman was arrested for Nawarah's death, and was later under a plea deal sentenced to 9 months in jail.

References

Bibliography

 (pp. 73, 185)

External links
Welcome To Beituniya
Beitunia, Welcome to Palestine
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Beituniya Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Beituniya Town Profile, (ARIJ)
Beituniya, aerial photo, (ARIJ)
Civil Administration nixes order to take land for settlement road, June 14, 2012, The Times of Israel

Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
Cities in the West Bank
Throne villages
Municipalities of the State of Palestine


"Blame It On Your Heart" is a song written by Harlan Howard and Kostas and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless.  It was released in April 1993 as the first single from her album Only What I Feel.  A cover version by Deborah Allen was featured prominently in the 1993 film The Thing Called Love.

David Keith played the ex-boyfriend in the video.

"Blame It On Your Heart" was also recorded by Heidi Raye and released on Harlan Howard Records.

Content

The song and its video describe an ex-boyfriend who has a "lying, cheating, cold dead-beating, two-timing, double-dealing, mean-mistreating, loving" heart that he should blame for whatever backstabbing he gets from any other woman he does to what he did to its narrator.

Chart performance

The song charted for 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart, reaching No. 1 during the week of June 19, 1993.

Year-end charts

Music video
The music video for "Blame It on Your Heart" was directed by Sherman Halsey, and premiered in early 1993.

Covers
 American Idol Season 8 contestant Allison Iraheta performed the song during that season’s Grand Ole Opry Week.
 River Phoenix performed the song in the 1993 film, The Thing Called Love, one of his final films before his death.
 Angela Watson performed the song in the Step By Step fifth season episode, "Don't Ask".
 Kiefer Sutherland performed the song on his second album, "Reckless & Me", in 2019.
 The Mavericks covered this song for the 2019 release “The Mavericks Play the Hits”.

References

1993 singles
1993 songs
Patty Loveless songs
Songs written by Kostas (songwriter)
Songs written by Harlan Howard
Song recordings produced by Emory Gordy Jr.
Epic Records singles
Music videos directed by Sherman Halsey
Deborah Allen songs


Goya: A Life in Song is a musical theatre work with music and lyrics by American  composer Maury Yeston originally released in 1989 as a concept album. Sony made a Spanish-language version of the musical entitled Goya: Una vida hecha canción in 1992. Both albums starred Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo. A song from Goya, "Till I Loved You," became a hit single.

Background

Popular opera singer Plácido Domingo was interested in starring in a stage musical about Spanish painter Francisco de Goya and suggested to producer Alan Carr that Yeston would be the right person to create the vehicle, since Domingo had admired Yeston's work on the musical Nine.  Because of Domingo's time commitments, however, the musical was made as a concept album.

Releases and singles

Domingo sang the role of Goya, with supporting roles sung by Dionne Warwick, Gloria Estefan, Jennifer Rush (who sang Warwick's parts in the British release of this album), Joe Cerisano,  Richie Havens and Seiko Matsuda (who sang Dionne's parts in the Japan-only release version of this album).  The recording was released by CBS/Sony. Not available for 20 years, Masterworks Broadway released a digitally remastered version of the album on September 28, 2010.

The score featured one break-out song, "Till I Loved You", which was re-recorded by Domingo with singer Jennifer Rush and became a hit in Europe. Domingo and Gloria Estefan recorded a version of the number entitled "Hasta amarte" on the Spanish-language Goya: Una vida hecha canción. It reached #8 on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart. The Brazilian edition of the album included a Portuguese version of "Till I Loved You" (Apaixonou) by Domingo and Simone Bittencourt de Oliveira. It was subsequently a US Top 40 hit by Barbra Streisand and Don Johnson. The album itself reached No. 36 in the UK albums chart in June 1989. Thanks to that commercial success, the musical is in the process of developing a major staging.

Track listing
All titles composed by  Maury Yeston
 "Overture/Espana" (performed by Paul Hoffert and Plácido Domingo) 4:22
 "The Astounding Romantic Adventures of Goya/In the Middle of the 18th Century" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 5:34
 "Girl With a Smile" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 2:05
 "Till I Loved You" (performed by Plácido Domingo and Dionne Warwick USA / Seiko Matsuda Japan / Jennifer Rush UK Europe ) 4:52
 "Picture It" ([performed by Gloria Estefan and Joseph Cerisano) 4:34
 "I Will Paint Sounds" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 4:48
 "Viva Espana" (performed by The Tsunami Orchestra and Chorus)  5:35
 "Once a Time (I Loved You)" (performed by Dionne Warwick) 3:43
 "I Stand Alone" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 3:34
 "Dog in the Quicksand" (performed by Richie Havens) 3:41
 "Moving On" (performed by Seiko Matsuda) 2:38
 "Bon Soir" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 2:39
 "Finale" (performed by Plácido Domingo) 1:42
 "Hasta Amarte (Till I Loved You)" (performed by Plácido Domingo and Gloria Estefan) 4:50

Notes

1989 albums
Concept albums
1989 musicals
Compositions by Maury Yeston
Plácido Domingo albums
Cultural depictions of Francisco Goya


The 1971 Canadian-American Challenge Cup was the sixth season of the Can-Am auto racing series.  It was contested by FIA Group 7 two-seater racing cars competing in two-hour sprint races. The series began on 13 June  1971 and ended on 31 October 1971, after ten rounds. The series was given official recognition by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile for the first time in 1971.

The series was won by Peter Revson driving a McLaren M8F for McLaren Cars.

Schedule

Race results

Series standings
Points were awarded to the top ten finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1. Only the best four placings from the first five races and the best four places from the second five races could be counted towards a driver's series total. Points earned but not counted are marked by parenthesis. The fourth-place finish overall of Jo Siffert was determined posthumously as Siffert died in October 1971 at a Formula One race at Brands Hatch.

References

Can-Am seasons
Can-Am


Yuexiu District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China, located west of the Tianhe District and east of the Liwan District. It is the commercial, political and cultural centre of Guangdong and noted for its high-quality education. The Guangdong provincial government and the Guangzhou city government are both located in the Yuexiu District. Established in 1960, the district absorbed the former Dongshan District in May 2005 along with several former subdistricts of the Baiyun and Tianhe district. Yuexiu District has 18 streets under its jurisdiction. The total area is 33.8 square kilometers. According to the seventh census data, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the resident population of Yuexiu District was 1,038,643.

History

Yuexiu is the historic center of the capital of the Nanyue Kingdom. Little is known of the region before the Qin dynasty. However, according to archaeological discoveries, it has been confirmed that there were inhabitants settled in Guangzhou region at least three to four thousand years ago. Thirty-three years after the incorporation of Lingnan into the Qin Empire, Qin Shi Huang forced most of the Yue tribes out of Guangzhou and assimilated the rest. At this time, Yuexiu became the seat of the Panyu County in the Nanhai Commandery. Yuexiu remained Panyu County until 15 February 1921, when Guangzhou was formally established and parts of northern Panyu County, along with the eastern part of Nanhai County Liwan, were merged to create Yuexiu District. The name Yuexiu comes from Yuexiu Hill.

Dongshan in the eastern part of Yuexiu was a former suburb of Guangzhou. It was established as "Dongshan District" in 1960. On 28 April 2005, it was withdrawn and merged with Yuexiu.

Geography
Yuexiu District starts from Guangzhou Avenue in the east and borders Tianhe District; it faces the Pearl River in the south and faces Haizhu District across the river; it extends to Renmin Road in the west and is adjacent to Liwan District; it reaches the foot of Baiyun Mountain in the north and is adjacent to Baiyun District and Tianhe District. It is the old central city of Guangzhou. The total area of Yuexiu District is 33.8 square kilometers.

Administrative subdivisions
Yuexiu has administrative jurisdiction over the following 18 subdistricts

 On 15 March 2013 Dongfeng Subdistrict merged into Liurong Subdistrict, Shishu Subdistrict merged into Guangta Subdistrict, Daxin Subdistrict merged into Renmin Subdistrict, and Guangwei Subdistrict merged into Beijing Subdistrict.

Government
The Guangdong Department of Education is headquartered in Yuexiu District.

Economy
Creative Power Entertaining is headquartered in the Wuzi Building  in the Yuexiu District.

The Mainland China offices of Dairy Farm Group are located at the Guangdong Mechanical Sub-Building  in the district.

Transportation

Metro
Yuexiu is currently served by four metro lines operated by the Guangzhou Metro:
 - Yangji (), Dongshankou (), Martyrs' Park, Peasant Movement Institute, Gongyuanqian (), Ximenkou
 - Guangzhou Station (), Yuexiu Park, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Gongyuanqian (), Haizhu Square ()
 - Guangzhou Station (), Xiaobei, Taojin, Ouzhuang (), Zoo, Yangji (), Wuyangcun
  - Yide Lu, Haizhu Square (), Beijing Lu, Tuanyida Square, Donghu, Dongshankou (), Ouzhuang (), Huanghuagang

Education

The American International School of Guangzhou elementary school campus is on Ersha Island in the district.

Previously the École Française Internationale de Canton, the French international school of Guangzhou, was located at the GoldArch Riverdale development on Ersha Island.

See also
Africans in Guangzhou

Notes

References

External links

Official website of Yuexiu District government

Districts of Guangzhou


This list of shtetls and shtots (eastern European towns and cities with significant pre-Holocaust Jewish populations) is organized by country.

Some villages that are listed at Yad Vashem have not been included here.

Shtetls

Belarus

Lithuania

Poland

Ukraine

Others

Shtots

See also
List of villages and towns depopulated of Jews during the Holocaust
Where Once We Walked

References

External links
 JewishGen ShtetLink

Historic Jewish communities
 Shtetls
Jews and Judaism in Europe
 Shtetls


Chris Engen (born October 25, 1979) is an American actor known for his portrayal of Adam Newman on the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless.

Personal life
Born in Apple Valley, California, Engen is also a writer and a musician. He graduated from Bishop Montgomery High School in 1997.

Career
Engen has guest-starred in various television programs. He was a recurring character in Saints & Sinners, CSI: NY and Felicity. He began appearing as Adam Newman on The Young and the Restless on February 12, 2008.

Engen abruptly left his role on The Young and the Restless in mid-May 2009; the role was immediately recast with actor Michael Muhney. Engen's departure was allegedly due to "the dark direction his character [was] taking" and an upcoming same-sex storyline. It was alleged that Engen abruptly left the show "mid-contract due to objections over Adam's storyline and character direction," but the precise objections have never been established beyond the realm of unsubstantiated rumors. In a subsequent statement on the subject, Engen stated, among other things, "I felt generally unhappy about my contribution to the show, and had greater and greater difficulty making any sense of the challenges they were asking me to face. I know a great many of you have endured far worse than what you perceive to have been my circumstance, but I do not believe that just because you have suffered a particular injustice, so too must everyone else in order to understand that injustice. I want to apologize to any of my fellow actors who I may have disappointed." Addressing reports of homophobia, he stated, in part:I would also like to apologize to those of you who feel slighted by this choice, as I have been branded a "homophobe" by several members of the press. This is, of course, absurd and many of my dearest friends are homosexuals who would be more than happy to speak on my behalf. My decision had nothing to do with religion, or anything I learned at Bishop Montgomery High School. Bishop is a great institution of learning that encourages tolerance and acceptance of others. I do not ascribe to any one religious ideology but do value the truth that exists in them all. I think the unfortunate assumption that has been made is that Catholics are intolerant of homosexuals on the basis of their Catholicism. Intolerance of anything is a product of one’s underlying belief system as an experience of limitation. It is the line we intellectually draw within ourselves that prevents us from understanding those things we reject, because it defines the boundaries of who we are as individuals. We are what we are, but we are also NOT what we are not. Intolerance is a natural reaction that, I believe, we must understand in order to defeat. It is not a fire to be stomped out by an angry foot or extinguished by an inundating stream of media exposure. Homosexuality is a quality of beingness: one of many qualities that make up the rich diversity that humanity expresses.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

  Chris Engen's MySpace Page

1979 births
Male actors from California
American male soap opera actors
Living people
People from Apple Valley, California
Bishop Montgomery High School alumni


Flesh, Blood, & Videotape is the 2nd video album from the rock band Poison, featuring the singles / music videos from Poison's 3rd studio album Flesh & Blood and also features behind the scenes footage and in depth interviews.
The album titled track and single "(Flesh & Blood) Sacrifice" featured a music video which was initially banned from MTV due to its explicit nature and was eventually released on this compilation.

The video compilation was re-released on DVD in 2001 as part of Poison Greatest Video Hits, which received US Gold certification in 2003.

Track listing
 Let It Play (Montage clip)
 Unskinny Bop
 Ride the Wind
 Poor Boy Blues (Montage clip)
 Something To Believe In
 Life Goes On
 (Flesh & Blood) Sacrifice

Band members
 Bret Michaels - lead vocals
 C.C. DeVille - lead guitar
 Bobby Dall - bass
 Rikki Rockett - drums

References

External links
Official website
Poison Colombia
Poison Mexico

1991 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Poison (American band) video albums
1991 compilation albums


The Montessori method was practiced in the United States early after its invention. While the name is not trademarked and there is no central authority for the method, the American Montessori Society (AMS) was established in 1960.

History
After 1907, Maria Montessori's work spread quickly all around the world, soon reaching the US, where many public figures—including Alexander Graham Bell and his wife Mabel, Thomas Edison, and Woodrow Wilson—appreciated her work.
In 1914, Montessori spoke to a standing-room-only audience at Carnegie Hall, in New York City. By 1915, she had been invited to participate in the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, celebrating the opening of the Panama Canal. There, she had set up a fully functioning classroom for display to the attending.

This early American enthusiasm for Montessori was short-lived. William Heard Kilpatrick, an advocate of John Dewey's theories of education, gave a scathing critique in The Montessori System Examined (1914); Montessori schools had virtually disappeared from the US by 1920. The Montessori-method school resurgence did not occur until after 1960, when Nancy McCormick Rambusch and Margaret Stephenson, who each had worked with Montessori in Europe, separately went to the US.

In 1960, Rambusch organized the American Montessori Society (AMS) to Americanize the Montessori method and to make it relevant to the popular culture of the day. In 1958, the Whitby School was founded in Greenwich, Connecticut as the first AMS Montessori school in the US, followed in 1960 by the opening of the Sophia Montessori School opened by Screen actor, director, writer, Tom Laughlin with trained Montessorians Johannes and Joanna Laven, immigrants from Amsterdam. The school was later renamed Santa Monica Montessori School 2 In 1962 by the Caedmon School in New York City opened. Ernest Wood and Hilda Wood, who had worked with Maria Montessori in India, started the School of the Woods in 1962 as well, in Houston, Texas. The first Montessori school in the Southeast, Springmont, was founded in 1963 in Atlanta. Also in 1963, the Cambridge Montessori School was founded in the basement of St. Bartholomew Church in Cambridge, MA, enrolling 50 students. In 1961, Mario Montessori, head of the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI), sent Stephenson as his personal representative to the United States, and was later given his permission to established a branch office of the AMI in the United States in 1970.  The first Episcopal Montessori school in Florida, St. Christopher's By-the-Sea Episcopal Church and Montessori School, was founded in 1968 on Key Biscayne.

In 1967, a trademark dispute arose over the use of the term "Montessori" between AMS and AMI.  This conflict was finally settled by the US Patent and Trademark Trial and Appeal Board in its action to refuse to grant exclusive use of the term "Montessori" to any one particular "Montessori" organization, holding that "the term 'Montessori' has a generic and/or descriptive significance."

Disputes over what is a Montessori school have been a continuing aspect of the history of Montessori education, arising especially around the various competing philosophies and interests involved in representing the Montessori method. Despite these conflicts, there are currently more than 5,000 schools identified in some way with the Montessori method.

Montessori schools

Because there is no single registry or even uniform definition as to what constitutes a Montessori school, there is some dispute as to the number of private Montessori schools in the United States. Estimates range from just under 4,000 to greater than 8,000. There are about 250 public and 120 charter schools that include Montessori programs (see below). Most private schools have a primary program (from 3–6 years) and often a lower elementary (6–9 years).  Upper elementary programs (9–12 years) are less common, although about one school in eight will have this program. At this time Montessori junior highs and high schools are rare. However, the first public Montessori high school in the country, Clark Montessori located in Cincinnati, Ohio, was started in 1994. The most recent Montessori high school opened in Philadelphia - Quadrat Academy. Several pilot Montessori junior high schools have opened based on writings by Montessori on Erdkinder, German for "children of the land", which was a term Montessori coined for children ages 12 through 18.  The last few years have seen the advent of infant and toddler Montessori programs.  Many schools offer "mother and child" programs in which parents can learn about Montessori and how to apply the philosophy to their child-rearing practices.  In many other schools, the demand for high-quality childcare has spurred the growth of Montessori infant, or "nido" (the Italian word for "nest") and toddler, or "infant community" programs.

The Montessori community does not have any central authority. AMI (Association Montessori Internationale) is the body that Maria Montessori founded in 1929, and of which she remained founder president until her death in 1952. Her son Mario Montessori was general director of AMI until his death in 1982. AMI endeavours to safeguard the teaching traditions passed down from Maria Montessori to current teachers (otherwise known as a "guide" or "director/directress") through the use of rigorously trained trainers. Although the American Montessori Society (AMS), located in New York City, is by far the largest Montessori organization in the United States, it affiliates only about 25 percent of the schools that call themselves “Montessori.” Many other schools across the country are affiliated with other Montessori organizations or with no organization at all.

Accreditation and quality standards for Montessori teacher education are provided through the Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education (MACTE) located in Charlottesville, Virginia. MACTE is the only national education accreditor recognized by the US Department of Education to accredit Montessori teacher education programs within colleges and universities, free standing institutions and distance education with 120 hours of residency. (MACTE does not accredit on-line programs that don't require a 120-hour residency and a practicum)  Non-MACTE accredited programs cannot be considered diploma programs or trade schools, and holders of certifications from those training centers are not eligible to teach in most Montessori schools (other than those accredited by the training centers themselves). For Montessori schools, various organizations provide quality standards through affiliation, recognition, or membership according to their own particular philosophy, procedures and requirements. (see www.macte.org)

Montessori in the home
In the 1960s, a growing homeschool movement arose in the United States, due to parental concern about the quality and nature of the government system of free public schools. By 2003, the number of homeschooling children in the United States rose to over 1 million, an increase of some 29% from 1999.  In this growing context, parents have been seeking to use the Montessori Method as well.  For example, Elizabeth Hainstock, a homeschooling mother in the United States, used the Montessori method with her own children in the 1960s, and wrote about her experiences and knowledge on the subject in several books to guide other parents interested in using the Montessori method at home. No reliable figure exists of the number of homeschoolers using materials or methods borrowed from Montessori.

Montessori programs in public schools
Public school districts in the U.S. began experimenting with Montessori classrooms in the mid 1970s in Arlington, Virginia; Philadelphia; Reading, Ohio; and San Mateo, California. By the mid-1980s there were about 50 sites. With funding support from federal magnet grants and desegregation efforts, that number surpassed 200 by the beginning of the 21st century.

A survey conducted in 1981 collected data from 25 of the approximately 57 school districts nationwide known to have Montessori programs at the time of this study.  Another study of public Montessori programs from 1990–91 received responses from 63 of the 120 school districts or schools to whom surveys were sent.  As of July 2013, the Census Project of the National Center for Montessori in the Public Sector reported 443 public Montessori schools in the United States and Puerto Rico.

Results from the 1991 study indicated that the number of students in the schools or school districts averaged 233, with an average of 10 teachers per program. A total of 32, or 58%, of the schools surveyed reported that they were magnet schools. A total of 69% of the Montessori programs shared a building with other programs. District funding for the training of Montessori teachers was provided in 66% of the districts. Only 42% of the programs provided the three-year age span of three-, four-, and five-year-olds. This indicates that the degree to which particular districts implement the Montessori model varies.  A total of 16 of the 57 schools charged tuition for some part of the program. About two thirds of the programs provided free transportation. In addition, two thirds of the districts reported that additional staff were used in the Montessori magnet schools. These factors can add to the overall costs of the program.

A survey in 2004 by Heather Bilton for her dissertation found that in public Montessori schools:
• About half the students receive free or reduced price lunch
• Most principals do not have Montessori training
• A bit more than half of the teachers have Montessori credentials
• Most have chosen to use materials that are not "Montessori"

In January 2007, The Washington Post published an article titled "Montessori, Now 100, Goes Mainstream". The article discussed the increasing number of Montessori public school programs, particularly in African-American communities.

Once a maverick experiment that appealed only to middle-class white families, Montessori schools have become popular with some black professionals and are getting results in low income public schools with the kind of children on which Montessori first tested her ideas.

The article goes on to discuss how Montessori has been implemented in the public schools, and has become an attractive option to black, middle-class parents because it provides an alternative to the "No Child Left Behind" strategies in most current public school curricula.

See also
American Montessori Society
Association Montessori International of the United States

References

External links
American Montessori Society
Association Montessori International / USA
Friends of Montessori/USA
National Center for Montessori in the Public Sector

Education in the United States
United States
Montessori schools in the United States


"Nothin' but the Wheel" is a song written by John Scott Sherrill, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless.  It was released in July 1993 as the second single from the album Only What I Feel.  The song reached #20 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Content
The narrator talks about her journey driving down the highway in the early morning hours, after ending her relationship with her partner. She describes leaving everything behind and only has the wheel to hold onto as she drives along the highway.

Chart performance

References

1993 singles
1993 songs
Patty Loveless songs
Songs written by John Scott Sherrill
Song recordings produced by Emory Gordy Jr.
Epic Records singles


The 1972 Canadian-American Challenge Cup was the seventh season of the Can-Am auto racing series.  It was contested by FIA Group 7 racing cars running two-hour sprint events.  The series began June 11, 1972, and ended October 29, 1972, after nine rounds. It was jointly sanctioned by the Sports Car Club of America and the Canadian Automobile Sports Club.

The series was won by George Follmer driving a Porsche 917/10 for Penske Racing.

Schedule

Season results

Drivers Championship
Points are awarded to the top ten finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1. For classification, the four best results of the first five races and all four results of the last four races were retained.

References

Can-Am seasons
Can-Am


The 2004–05 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 88th season of the franchise, 78th season as the Maple Leafs. The entire season's games were cancelled as a result of the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

Offseason
Key dates prior to the start of the season:

The 2004 NHL Entry Draft took place in Raleigh, North Carolina, on June 26, 2004.
The free agency period began on July 1.

Schedule
The Maple Leafs preseason and regular season schedules were announced on July 14, 2004.

|-
| 1 || September 24 || @ Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 2 || September 25 || @ Ottawa Senators
|-
| 3 || September 28 || Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 4 || October 1 || @ Detroit Red Wings
|-
| 5 || October 2 || Ottawa Senators
|-
| 6 || October 5 || Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 7 || October 8 || @ Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 8 || October 9 || Detroit Red Wings
|-

|-
| 1 || October 15 || @ New Jersey Devils
|-
| 2 || October 16 || Ottawa Senators
|-
| 3 || October 19 || Florida Panthers
|-
| 4 || October 21 || @ Ottawa Senators
|-
| 5 || October 23 || @ Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 6 || October 26 || Los Angeles Kings
|-
| 7 || October 29 || @ Carolina Hurricanes
|-
| 8 || October 30 || New York Rangers
|-
| 9 || November 2 || Tampa Bay Lightning
|-
| 10 || November 6 || Boston Bruins
|-
| 11 || November 9 || @ New York Islanders
|-
| 12 || November 11 || @ New York Rangers
|-
| 13 || November 13 || @ Boston Bruins
|-
| 14 || November 15 || @ Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 15 || November 16 || Dallas Stars
|-
| 16 || November 18 || @ New Jersey Devils
|-
| 17 || November 20 || Philadelphia Flyers
|-
| 18 || November 23 || Washington Capitals
|-
| 19 || November 27 || Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 20 || November 30 || @ Calgary Flames
|-
| 21 || December 2 || @ Edmonton Oilers
|-
| 22 || December 4 || @ Vancouver Canucks
|-
| 23 || December 7 || Boston Bruins
|-
| 24 || December 9 || @ Columbus Blue Jackets
|-
| 25 || December 11 || Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 26 || December 13 || @ Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 27 || December 14 || New York Islanders
|-
| 28 || December 16 || Atlanta Thrashers
|-
| 29 || December 18 || Calgary Flames
|-
| 30 || December 21 || @ Boston Bruins
|-
| 31 || December 23 || @ Carolina Hurricanes
|-
| 32 || December 27 || @ Colorado Avalanche
|-
| 33 || December 28 || @ St. Louis Blues
|-
| 34 || December 30 || @ Nashville Predators
|-
| 35 || January 1 || @ Boston Bruins
|-
| 36 || January 4 || Boston Bruins
|-
| 37 || January 6 || @ Atlanta Thrashers
|-
| 38 || January 8 || New Jersey Devils
|-
| 39 || January 10 || @ Ottawa Senators
|-
| 40 || January 11 || Pittsburgh Penguins
|-
| 41 || January 14 || @ Chicago Blackhawks
|-
| 42 || January 15 || @ Detroit Red Wings
|-
| 43 || January 18 || New York Islanders
|-
| 44 || January 20 || @ Ottawa Senators
|-
| 45 || January 22 || @ Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 46 || January 24 || Carolina Hurricanes
|-
| 47 || January 26 || @ Florida Panthers
|-
| 48 || January 27 || @ Tampa Bay Lightning
|-
| 49 || January 29 || Ottawa Senators
|-
| 50 || February 1 || @ Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 51 || February 3 || Washington Capitals
|-
| 52 || February 5 || Vancouver Canucks
|-
| 53 || February 7 || San Jose Sharks
|-
| 54 || February 8 || @ New York Rangers
|-
| 55 || February 10 || Pittsburgh Penguins
|-
| 56 || February 15 || Carolina Hurricanes
|-
| 57 || February 18 || Buffalo Sabres
|-
| 58 || February 19 || Edmonton Oilers
|-
| 59 || February 22 || Florida Panthers
|-
| 60 || February 24 || New Jersey Devils
|-
| 61 || February 26 || Atlanta Thrashers
|-
| 62 || March 1 || @ Tampa Bay Lightning
|-
| 63 || March 2 || @ Florida Panthers
|-
| 64 || March 5 || Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 65 || March 8 || Philadelphia Flyers
|-
| 66 || March 10 || @ Philadelphia Flyers
|-
| 67 || March 12 || Ottawa Senators
|-
| 68 || March 13 || @ Pittsburgh Penguins
|-
| 69 || March 15 || Anaheim Mighty Ducks
|-
| 70 || March 17 || Minnesota Wild
|-
| 71 || March 19 || New York Rangers
|-
| 72 || March 20 || @ Washington Capitals
|-
| 73 || March 22 || Phoenix Coyotes
|-
| 74 || March 25 || @ Atlanta Thrashers
|-
| 75 || March 26 || @ Philadelphia Flyers
|-
| 76 || March 28 || Tampa Bay Lightning
|-
| 77 || March 31 || @ Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 78 || April 2 || Montreal Canadiens
|-
| 79 || April 3 || @ Pittsburgh Penguins
|-
| 80 || April 5 || @ New York Islanders
|-
| 81 || April 8 || @ Washington Capitals
|-
| 82 || April 9 || Buffalo Sabres
|-

Transactions
The Maple Leafs were involved in the following transactions from June 8, 2004, the day after the deciding game of the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals, through February 16, 2005, the day the  season was officially cancelled.

Trades
The Maple Leafs did not make any trades.

Players acquired

Players lost

Signings

Draft picks
The 2004 NHL Entry Draft was the 42nd NHL Entry Draft.

 Toronto's picks at the 2004 NHL Entry Draft in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Farm teams
 The Maple Leafs' top affiliate was the St. John's Maple Leafs in the American Hockey League. This was the last season this team played in St. John's before it relocated as the Toronto Marlies.
 The Maple Leafs' secondary affiliate was the Pensacola Ice Pilots in the ECHL.

Notes

References

Toronto Maple Leafs season, 2004-05
Toronto Maple Leafs seasons
Toronto


Pons d'Ortaffa/Ortafas or Ponç d'Ortafà (c. 1170–1246) was a Catalan nobleman and troubadour. He was the feudal lord of Ortafà, between Perpignan and Elne, in Roussillon. Only two pieces of his lyric poetry survive, both cansos on courtly love, one with a surviving melody.

Pons was born into a minor noble family with a history of producing ecclesiastics for the local church. He was the son and successor of Grimau, who was alive as late as 1184, and Brunissenda. He was born around 1170. His younger brother Pere was the archdeacon of Elne. He died in 1247 and was buried in Elne Cathedral. Pons married Saurina de Tatzó, also of Roussillon, and had three children: his successor Pons II, Grimau, and Alisenda. Pons II was alive as late as 1251.

Pons' name appears on a peace treaty between the lords of Roussillon and their count, Nuño Sánchez, in 1217. The last documentary record of Pons is his testament, dated 23 July 1240. A second draft was produced in 1246. He probably died soon thereafter.

Pons first poems is Enaissi cum la naus en mar ("Thus like the ship on the sea"), dedicated to a Senher En Berenguier ("Lord Sir Berengar", possibly Berenguier de Palazol, with whom Pons may have had contact early in his life). The lady of the song was from the Narbonnais, a region in which Pons' father possessed land according to a document of 13 November 1171 now in the Liber Feudorum Maior: de meridie in campo Caput Stagni de Burliano . . . in termino de Ortafano. It is possible that Pons was travelling in the Narbonnais when he wrote the song, perhaps on family business. In this same song Pons contemplates entering the Cistercian monastery of Jau. The surviving melody of this poem is extremely simple and "frugal" in style.

Pons second poem is Si ai perdut mon saber. It is full of original ideas and some chansonniers assign it to Raimbaut de Vaqueiras or Pons de Capduelh, but the mention of Jau fixes its author as Pons d'Ortaffa, whose lordship was adjacent to Jau. Pons' verses garnered him prestige in Catalonia. The first verse of Si ai perdut appeared in the Passio Amoris of Jordi de Sant Jordi and in Tant mon voler by Pere Torroella.

Sources

Aubrey, Elizabeth. The Music of the Troubadours. Indiana University Press, 1996. .
Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

1170s births
1246 deaths
12th-century Spanish troubadours
Poets from Catalonia
13th-century Spanish troubadours
Classical composers from Catalonia


Deadline – U.S.A. is a 1952 American film noir crime film and starring Humphrey Bogart, Ethel Barrymore and Kim Hunter, written and directed by Richard Brooks. It is the story of a crusading newspaper editor who exposes a gangster's crimes while also trying to keep the paper from going out of business, and contains a subplot of him trying to reconcile with his ex-wife.

Plot
Ed Hutcheson is the crusading managing editor of a large metropolitan newspaper called The Day. He is steadfastly loyal to publisher Margaret Garrison, the widow of the paper's founder, but Mrs. Garrison is on the verge of selling the newspaper to interests who plan to permanently cease its operation.

Hutcheson has other concerns, including that his former wife Nora is going to remarry. He also puts his reporters to work on the murder of a young woman and the involvement of racketeer Tomas Rienzi, which could turn out to be a circulation builder that keeps the paper in business or else the last big story it ever covers.

Reporters discover that the dead girl, Bessie Schmidt, had been Rienzi's mistress, and that her brother Herman had illegal business dealings with the gangster. Hutcheson gets to Herman with an opportunity to safely tell his story, but Rienzi's thugs, disguised as cops, take him away, resulting in Herman's death.

All seems lost when Mrs. Garrison's daughters, majority stockholders Kitty and Alice, refuse to budge, causing a judge to permit The Day to be sold. Bessie's elderly mother, Mrs. Schmidt, turns up in Hutcheson's office with her daughter's diary and $200,000 in cash, implicating Rienzi in his illegal activities. The presses roll as Hutcheson ignores the gangster's threats.

Cast
 Humphrey Bogart as Ed Hutcheson
 Ethel Barrymore as Margaret Garrison
 Kim Hunter as Nora Hutcheson
 Ed Begley as Frank Allen
 Warren Stevens as George Burrows
 Paul Stewart as Harry Thompson
 Martin Gabel as Tomas Rienzi
 Joseph De Santis as Herman Schmidt
 Joyce MacKenzie as Katherine "Kitty" Garrison Geary
 Audrey Christie as Mrs. Willebrandt
 Fay Baker as Alice Garrison Courtney
 Jim Backus as Jim Cleary
Uncredited
 Carleton Young as Crane, Garrison's daughters' lawyer
 Selmer Jackson as Williams
 Fay Roope as Judge McKay
 Parley Baer as Headwaiter
 John Doucette as Hal
 Florence Shirley as Miss Barndollar
 Raymond Greenleaf as Lawrence White
 Tom Powers as Andrew Wharton
 Thomas Browne Henry as Fenway
 Phillip Terry as Lewis Schaefer, Nora's fiancé
 Joseph Sawyer as Whitey Franks
 Lawrence Dobkin as Larry Hansen, Rienzi's lawyer
 Clancy Cooper as Police Captain Finlay
 Willis Bouchey as Henry
 Joseph Crehan as White's City Editor
 Kasia Orzazewski as Mrs. Schmidt
 James Dean as Copyboy
 Norman Leavitt as Newsroom reporter

Production
The newspaper used as background on the film, called The Day, is loosely based upon the old New York Sun, which closed in 1950. The original Sun newspaper was edited by Benjamin Day, making the 1952 film's newspaper name (not to be confused with the real-life New London, Connecticut newspaper of the same name) a play on words.

Tough as Nails, a biography of Brooks authored by Douglass K. Daniel, cites the 1931 death of the New York World newspaper as the basis for the film, including the decision by the sons of Joseph Pulitzer to sell the paper rather than run it themselves.  The World was sold to Scripps Howard, which merged it with their New York Telegram to form the New York World-Telegram.  Twenty-one years later, Scripps-Howard also acquired the New York Sun to form the World-Telegram and The Sun.

Reception
Variety gave the film a positive review calling Bogart "convincing".

The film's DVD and Blu-ray debut was in 2016. In the audio commentary, film historian Eddie Muller rates this film as one of the very best films ever made about the inner workings of a major newspaper.

References

External links

1952 films
American crime films
American black-and-white films
1952 crime films
Films directed by Richard Brooks
Films with screenplays by Richard Brooks
Films about journalists
20th Century Fox films
Films scored by Cyril J. Mockridge
James Dean
Films produced by Sol C. Siegel
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


Liwan District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. The district is split into two parts by the Pearl River: Xiguan in the northeast and Fangcun in the southwest.

History

Liwan District was named after "Lizhiwan", which is derived from poem of "a bay of green water and red lychees along both banks". It covers an area of  and has a permanent population of about 540,000 and a permanent nonnative population of over 200,000. Liwan District is positioned in the flourishing west part of Guangzhou, on the northeast bank of the Pearl River.

Liwan was originally a western suburb of Guangzhou known as Xiguan and Huadai/Huadi located in between two counties of Panyu County and Nanhai County. On 15 February 1921 Liwan along with Guangfu (present Yuexiu) formed the City of Guangzhou.

Fangcun, in the western part of Liwan District, lay at the southwest of Guangzhou's downtown area and south of Pearl River. It was established as a "Fangcun District" in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party took over Guangzhou from the Kuomintang. In 2005, it was withdrawn and merged with Liwan.

Administrative divisions

Transport
Liwan district has a well-developed transport network which enables it to reap benefits as an important place for business. There is a developed traffic network connecting with the railway station and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in the north. Renmin Bridge and Zhujiang Tunnel link the banks of the Pearl River in the southern part of Liwan.  Zhujiang Bridge, which connects Nanhai and Foshan, links the east and west together in Liwan's west. Guangzhou South Railway Cargo Station of Jingguang Railway and Xinfeng Terminal are in Liwan's southwest. No. 107 State Highway and Guang-Fo Highway connecting with Guang-Shen Highway are through to Hong Kong. Line 1 of Guangzhou Metro and Inner overhead road pass through the District.

Metro
Liwan is currently service by four metro lines operated by Guangzhou Metro:

 - Chen Clan Academy, Changshou Lu, Huangsha (), Fangcun, Huadiwan, Kengkou, Xilang ()
 - Jiaokou, Tanwei (), Zhongshanba, Xichang, Xicun
 - Hesha, Tanwei (), Ruyifang, Huangsha (), Cultural Park ()
 - Cultural Park ()
 - Longxi, Jushu, Xilang (), Hedong, Shachong

Tourism
Liwan District has many attractions and historical sites. The historically famous Lizhiwan (lit. Lychee Bay) has a 1000-year history. Shisanhang had a foreign trade privilege for hundred years. Haishan Xianguan had a leader of Lingnan horticulture, which made contribution to the development of Lingnan culture. Now, there are two national key protection units Chen Learning Academy (Chen Clan Temple) and Shamian Ancient Buildings, out of which Chen Learning Academy was elected one of the 8 new scenic spots of Guangzhou. There are several municipality-level relic spots: Hualin Temple, one of Guangzhou's Buddhist “five jungles”, Taoist Zhenwudi Renwei Temple, Jiang Guangding’s former residence, Li Wentian’s Taihua Building and Xiguan big house. In addition, there are historic sites where Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Zhan Tianyou, Chen Shaobai and Tang Tingguang lived or worked. There are Guangya School setup by Zhang Zhidong, a member of the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and relic site of Xicun Industrial Zone developed by Chen Jitang when was in power during PC period. All those spots are like pearls dotted in this valuable land and show people its glorious and splendid past.

In order to integrate those typical spots organically for tourists’ convenience, Liwan District Administration divides them into 4 tourist areas, Xiguan Folk Custom Area, Chen Clan Temple Cultural and Leisure Area, Shamian Continental Tourist Area, and Shisanhang Commercial and Cultural Area. It is proposed to build large-scale “Lingnan Custom” tourist project at Xiguan Folk Custom Area so as to provide domestic and foreign tourists with all-directional services in tour, culture, leisure, foods and accommodation.

Liwan District's developed commerce. National ethical commercial street Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street is arrayed with shops and gathers a lot of businessmen. in 1995, Shangxiajiu Lu was declared the first weekend commercial pedestrian street of Guangzhou. In 1996, it was elected one of the 10 tourist attractions of Guangzhou. There are many special streets such as blackwood and jade street, ceramic crafts street, and more than 100 wholesale markets engaged in traditional Chinese medicine, aquatic products, shoes, stationery, metal ware, textile (knitted), electric appliance (communications) and decoration materials, among which Qingping Traditional Chinese Herbs and Huangsha Aquatic Product Market are State-level markets; Yiyuan Stationery Market, Guangdong Electric Appliance City are province-level markets. Market is flourishing, which radiates the whole nation and the Southeast Asia as well as the world.

Liwan District is a gathering place of star-level restaurants of Guangzhou, including White Swan Hotel, Guangzhou Restaurant, Shengli Hotel, Qingping Restaurant, Taotaoju Restaurant, Lianxianglou Restaurant and Panxi Restaurant. Various special Liwan foods with long history and both famous at home and abroad are available, including Shunji coconut ice cream, Wuzhanji Jidi congee, Tingzai congee, Ouchengji dumpling and Nanxin double-condensed milk.

Economy
Miniso has its headquarters in Liwan District.

Education

Schools include:

 Guangzhou True Light Middle School
  (Formerly known as Guangzhou Puiying Middle School)
 The Thirty-Fifth Middle School (广州第三十五中学).

References

External links

Official website of Liwan District Government

Districts of Guangzhou


Tim McCray (born August 20, 1960 in Waycross, Georgia) was a Canadian Football League running back for the Ottawa Rough Riders from 1984 through 1985, and for the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1986 through 1990. He was an All-Star in 1989, the same year the Roughriders won the 77th Grey Cup.

In 1989, Tim won his first Grey Cup and was selected to the All-West and All-CFL All-Star team for the first time.  He established career highs in all offensive categories as well as leading the CFL and breaking the Roughriders record for all-purpose yardage in the season with 2,684 yards.  Tim became the sixth Roughrider to break the 1,000-rushing-yard mark with 1,285 yards rushing.  Tim placed second in the club with 75 receptions for 749 yards.  Tim also led the Roughriders in kick-off returns with 650 yards on 29 returns for a 22.4 average.  Tim was the 1989 Saskatchewan Roughriders Molson Cup winner as selected by the fans as the most Popular Player.

References

1960 births
Living people
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football running backs
Ottawa Rough Riders players
People from Waycross, Georgia
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Tulane Green Wave football players


"Baby Cruising Love" (stylized as "Baby cruising Love") is a double A-side single release by the Japanese group, Perfume. The other A-side is . This single is the group's sixth major label single, and eleventh single including indies.

This single was released in two formats, a CD+DVD format (catalog entry TKCA-73310) with the PV for "Baby Cruising Love" on the DVD, and a CD-only format (catalog entry TKCA-73315).

Track listing

CD
 "Baby Cruising Love" – 4:42
  – 4:40
 "Baby Cruising Love ~Original Instrumental~" – 4:41
 "Macaroni ~Original Instrumental~" – 4:38

DVD
"Baby Cruising Love" video clip

Oricon ranks and sales

External links
 Perfume Official Website

2008 singles
Perfume (Japanese band) songs
Songs written by Yasutaka Nakata
Song recordings produced by Yasutaka Nakata


Jos Chathukulam is the Director of the Centre for rural management, Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Education
He did his Post Graduate Studies in Political Science at the University of Kerala and the University of Mysore and later obtained a Doctorate in Development Administration from the Institute for Socio Economic Change (ISEC), Bangalore with ICSSR Fellowship under the supervision of Prof.BS Bhargava.
He had  served as a Post Doctoral Fellow at the School of International Relation of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kottayam.

Career
He has a number of publications in Economic and Political Weekly and other national and international Journals to his credit.
Chathukulam has evaluated 52 major development projects in India which is administered by different national and international agencies including Government of India. He was the team leader of the District Level Monitoring (DLM) of all the Rural Development Programmes in three districts of Kerala.

He has been a consultant of Kerala State Planning Board, Government of Kerala and Vice Chairman the District Planning Committee for the District of Kottayam during the Ninth Five Year Plan. He closely involved in the literacy movement, resource mapping and Peoples Planning in Kerala - a campaign for decentralisation. He is a national level consultant of projects on rural development, panchayat raj and decentralised planning. His areas of interest include decentralization, development administration, employment, rural development, participatory planning and social movements.

References

External links
 Website of the Centre for Rural Management (CRM)
 A news report on The Hindu daily
 Google search results on Jos Chathukulam

University of Kerala alumni
Scientists from Kottayam
Living people
University of Mysore alumni
Indian political scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)


The 1973 Canadian-American Challenge Cup was the eighth season of the Can-Am auto racing series.  It consisted of FIA Group 7 racing cars running two-hour sprint events.  It began June 10, 1973, and ended October 28, 1973, after eight rounds. The season came amid the Oil Crisis, which ended interest in performance cars after an already-declining market over a several-year period. The golden age of the Trans Am Series ended after the 1972 season, leaving Can Am and Formula 5000 as the frontrunners of the SCCA. The season was also the penultimate season of the series, which would fold after 1974 before being revived in an entirely reworked series based on F5000 a few years later.

Schedule
For 1973, the schedule was altered as the season continued on.  The first race ran in a standard, single race format.  Rounds two through four ran as two heats, with the results being determined by combined results.  Rounds five through eight ran a Sprint qualifying heat first to determine the starting order for the Cup event.  The results of the Sprint and Cup were not combined.

Season results

Drivers Championship
Points are awarded to the top ten finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1.

References

Can-Am seasons
Can-Am


Mitä muut ajattelevat sinusta? is the first work released by the Finnish progressive rock band Tuvalu.

Track listing
"Suuret tunteet" — 4:40
"Myöhäistä katua" — 4:27
"Kuolemankello" — 4:17
"Säätyttö" — 6:09

External links
Mitä muut ajattelevat sinusta? at BSA-store.com

Tuvalu (band) albums
2004 EPs
EPs by Finnish artists