As the Bell Rings is a 2007-2008 Disney Channel UK original interstitial program. Its name is based on the show As the World Turns. The format is a selection of short live-action comedy sequences. It is a British adaptation of the Disney Channel Italy original series Quelli dell'intervallo.

Premise
It follows the adventures of a number of students at Shakespeare High School, who use their school break to sort out problems with life and love, friends and foes, home and homework. All of the action takes place in front of a window, and there is no other live action away from the hallway.

Production
The show was originally intended to be shown on Disney Channel's rival network Nickelodeon UK under the working title Break Kids; however, this never happened and the original episodes using the working title were quickly aired on Disney Channel prior to the show's official start. In September Disney Channel aired a similar show 'Break Kids' but it was not very successful and was cancelled after the first few episodes aired.

Cast and characters
Gregg Sulkin as JJ – JJ is known as 'The Hopeless Romantic'. He is madly in love with Bella and tries all he can to get her to notice him; however, he is cursed with bad luck. He's always in trouble, constantly breaking items around the school, or forgetting his homework. He always has a complicated scheme to get himself out of trouble, but these usually make the situation worse. JJ's best friend is the coolest kid in school, Danny. JJ is pretty fashionable in a lazy 'doesn't spend long choosing his clothes' kind of way, and he enjoys Indie rock Music.
Emily Gloyens as Gabby – Gabby is known as 'The Nervous Wreck'. She desperately wants to be popular, and this desperation makes her very nervous. In turn, this makes her talk too much. She also has the peculiar habit of screaming with excitement. She is very bad at keeping secrets, but this makes her popular if other students want to know something about anyone else. It is widely acknowledged that she'd actually be OK if she'd just calmed down slightly. Gabby mainly likes pop music but will happily listen to anything. She likes Bip.
Pax Baldwin as Reece – Reece is known as 'The School Police' and the head student. He is the teacher-appointed liaison between staff and pupils. He serves out his position with great pride and enthusiasm, and this means that anything he hears will get straight back to the teachers. He can't understand why this makes him unpopular and assumes everyone is just jealous of his status. Reece would like to fit in more, but not if that means putting his position in jeopardy. He is efficient and hard working, and has the uncanny ability of being able to appear where and when you'd least like to see him. He organises many of the official school events, although it is believed that this is the only because he won't get an invite any other way. Reece believes that Shakespeare High should have a uniform. He is too busy to take an interest in popular music, but he has a formal dress sense.
Jennifer Veal as Lucy – Lucy is known as 'The Young One'. She is smart and funny, but cursed with being a year younger than everyone else. It doesn't matter how trendy she is, or how many times she embarrasses her older brother JJ with her sharp wit, she will always be treated like a kid by the others. She is desperate to be accepted by the older kids, and this desperation provides a massive hole in her armour. The young looking haircuts and clothes that her Mum persistently buys for her don't help! She has developed an alliance with Warren because she is the only one close to his intellectual level, and because he is the only older kid who treats her as an equal. She tries to dress like Bella, but she shops with her Mum, and this makes this hard! Lucy likes hip hop music.
Sydney Rae White as Emma – Emma is known as 'The Matchmaker'. She's attractive, but lacks self-confidence. She's always overshadowed by her best friend Bella. Emma gets a lot of attention from boys. She can't believe anyone would be interested in her. In season 2 Emma becomes known as 'the rebel' who has a crush on Dylan and becomes a rebel bordering rock chick.
Daniel Anthony as Danny – Danny is known as 'The Cool Kid'. He is effortlessly good at everything and this makes him very popular with the girls, although he doesn't seem to notice. He's best friends with JJ and always becomes implicated in his plans. However, he never gets into any trouble. The one thing Danny lacks is imagination and that's what makes JJ the perfect friend for him. Things are considered more fun with JJ around. Danny is naturally fashionable, and looks good in everything, whilst he has a diverse taste in music. It is hinted that he has a crush on Charlotte.
Lara Hendrickse as Bella – Bella is known as a 'Primadonna Fashionista with a Sharp Tongue'. She is self-obsessed and may have an overdeveloped sense of her own beauty, popularity and intelligence. Her vanity makes her an easy target for practical jokes and teasing, but she'll never change her drama queen ways. She loves the spotlight, and though she may refuse JJ's attentions, she would definitely miss it if they stopped. In "The Dude in the Iron Mask" it is revealed that Bella has some feelings for JJ, as she tried to ask him out when she thought he was wearing the iron mask (though it was in fact Warren at the time). Her image and fashion choices mean the world to Bella who won't be seen dead in anything other than the latest trends. She also enjoys Pop Music.
Caroline Wise as Charlotte – She is editor of the School newspaper. Charlotte is the second-smartest person in the year after Warren. She often tries to be helpful towards others and is very rarely in trouble herself. Danny hints at times that he may have a crush on her but she does not say if she returns the feelings. She does not know that Danny has a crush on her, despite his awkward interactions with her and JJ's constant hints.
Olivia Scott-Taylor as Rocky – Rocky is a very sporty girl. She can sometimes scare boys a little because of her strength.
William Jeffes as Warren – Also known as "The Know it All" is a highly intelligent student. In an episode he had magical powers such as opening and closing lockers with the click of his fingers. He also has a crush on Emma.
Jack Blumenau as Tinker (series 1) – Tinker is known as 'The Joker'. Tinker is clever but a bit superficial and virtually everything he does is part of some joke or prank. Be careful what you eat, drink, or sit on when he's about. His problem is that he's been doing it so long that all his friends are on their guard and no one believes anything he says. This drives him to new and more imaginative pranks, but also leads to problems when he genuinely needs something. He is regularly the target of revenge attacks. Although Tinker is definitely 'one of the gang' he does seem to be following his own agenda ... He doesn't have a specific fashion sense and he'll wear anything and everything. He listens to all sorts of music, as long as it's modern. Tinker is not in season 2 as he was replaced by Josh.
Jacob Scipio as Bip (series 2) – What Bip lacks in brains, he makes up for in enthusiasm. He's not the sharpest tool in the box, but most certainly has a big heart. He also enjoys important roles in other people's plans. He might not understand the plan, but he'll do everything he can to carry it out. He's a good guy, but his lack of brains can get him into trouble. They can also be useful to his friends. He's in to girls and loves the latest fashion. Bip does not appear in Season 1. He likes Gabby.
Brad Kavanagh as Dylan (series 2) – Dylan is known as the rocker. He writes songs and plays his guitar for at least 20 hours a day. He has a crush on Emma but won't admit it. He is cool, down to earth and is into rock music.

Episodes

See also
 Kurze Pause
 Cambio de Clase
 Trop la Classe

References

External links

2000s British children's television series
2007 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel) original programming
Interstitial television shows
British high school television series
2000s British teen sitcoms
2000s high school television series
Television series about teenagers
English-language television shows


As the Bell Rings is a Disney Channel (Australia) original Interstitial program which ran from 2007 to 2011. The format is a selection of short live-action comedy sequences. It is an Australian adaption of the Disney Channel Italy Original Series Quelli dell'intervallo, and was recognised as Most Outstanding Short Form Program at the ASTRA Awards in 2009.

Cast and characters

Characters
 Jonesy (Jack Pearson): Jonesy is a corrupt doofus. He's always getting into trouble more than anybody else. His best friend is Raff and he's desperately in love with Amber. His younger sister Annie humiliates him most of the time. He's not as cool as Annie. He has appeared in nearly all of the episodes. He's the tallest characters of the cast.
 Raff (Deniz Akdeniz): Raff is an average lieutenant. He's a sporty kid who gets into trouble, like his best friend Jonesy. In an interview with the cast, he said that his favourite moment was when he and Jack finished their handshake for the whole series.
 Amber (Alicia Banit): Amber is a girl of fashion. She gets very upset when Jonesy asks her out on a date. In an interview with the cast, Banit said that her favourite episode was when Jonesy dressed up as a girl and said that it was the funniest thing she's ever seen.
 Annie (Tessa Whelan): Annie is Jonesy's cooler younger sister. She tries to help Jonesy go on a kill with Amber but she humiliates him most of the time. She likes Raff, Jonesy's best friend. She's the shortest member of the cast. She does not appear in the second season.
 Parker (Bardiya McKinnon): Parker is a geeky soldier who likes Haley and tries to impress her. He's actually an alien from another planet as seen in at the end of one of the episodes. In an interview with the cast, McKinnon said that his favourite episode was when he dressed up as a rockstar.
 DJ (Sianoa Smit-McPhee): DJ is very bright, energetic soldier and talks too much. She could easily drive anyone crazy with her talking. Most of the time she mentions she has a little sister. She does not appear in the second season.
 S.A.M. (Aleksa Kurbalija): S.A.M. is the school major and dobs on all the kids. No one really likes him and his worst enemies are Jonesy and Raff.
 Haley (Nicole Gulasekharam): Haley is sort of an terrorism to everyone. She tries to be really nice to people.
 Rusty (Max Pfiefer): Rusty is the school joker. He doesn't get into a lot of trouble like Jonesy. He uses different voices most of the time. In an interview with the cast, Pfiefer said that his favourite episode was when he broke the school statue and dressed up as the statue to avoid getting in trouble with the principal.
 Rocky (Rhiannon Fish): Rocky likes to humiliate and is always wearing sport clothes. She's pretty full of herself and can scare boys with her strength.
 Vince (Christian Antidormi): Vince is the sporty one, that replaces Raff. The girls also think he is good looking when he arrives, but later criticise him in every way possible.
 Tina (Kiane O'Farrell)
 Zoe (Allegra Fleming)
 Eddie (James Campbell)
 Marcus (Rowan Hills)
 Mia (Tori Bailey): Mia is a new character introduced in the fourth season. She is a loud soap singer that plays guitar.
 Principal (voiceover) (Michael Bishop): He knows when the kids are being naughty. His voice is only heard through the loudspeaker but has been seen in two episodes.

In season 3 five new characters were added: Vince, Tina, Zoe, Eddie and Marcus.

Season 4 of As the Bell Rings featured a new character, Mia. Tori Bailey, who portrayed Mia, won the Australia and New Zealand Disney Casting Call Competition. She was one of five finalists who went into the studio and met with some of the As the Bell Rings crew. Bailey receiving the phone call that she had won the competition was featured as a special break-filler on Disney Channel Australia.

Cast

Broadcast
The series premiered on 24 September 2007 and screened on weekdays at 5:25 pm between The Suite Life on Deck/Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana. The shorts have also been repeated after movies and TV series. Season 2 aired between 2 January 2009 and 14 September 2009. Season 3, which included new cast members, completed filming on 17 July 2009, and premiered on 2 October 2009 running through 16 April 2010. A fourth season started filming in June 2010 and ended production in October 2010, and aired between 11 February 2011 and 17 June 2011.

Episodes

Series overview

The Australian version is similar to the United Kingdom version except the school is called Paterson High, the names of the characters are different and there is no laugh track. At the end of each episode they show bloopers of the actors. All of the characters are from Melbourne, except for Parker (Bardiya McKinnon) who is from Sydney and DJ (Sianoa Smit-McPhee) who is from Adelaide.

As the Bell Rings was filmed at Docklands Studios Melbourne.

Season 1 (2007–08)

Season 2 (2009)

Season 3 (2009–10)

Season 4 (2011)

See also
Kurze Pause
Cambio de Clase
Trop la Classe

References

External links

Disney Channels Worldwide original programming
Australian children's television series
Television shows set in Melbourne
2007 Australian television series debuts
2011 Australian television series endings
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Australian high school television series
2000s high school television series
2010s high school television series
2000s teen sitcoms
2010s teen sitcoms
Television series about teenagers


John Weaver McMakin (March 6, 1878 – September 25, 1956), nicknamed "Spartanburg John", was an American left-handed pitcher. McMakin played for the 1900 and 1901 Clemson Tigers.  In Major League Baseball, he pitched in four games for the Brooklyn Superbas during the 1902 season, accumulating a record of 2-2 with a 3.09 earned run average. McMakin returned to Clemson to coach the team in the 1904 through 1906 seasons. Born in Spartanburg, South Carolina, he died at age 78 at his home near Lyman, South Carolina.

References

External links

Baseball Almanac

1878 births
1956 deaths
Baseball players from Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Clemson Tigers baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Brooklyn Superbas players
Columbus Senators players
Clemson Tigers baseball coaches
Atlanta Crackers players
Montgomery Senators players
Spartanburg Spartans players
Baseball coaches from South Carolina
Sportspeople from Spartanburg, South Carolina
People from Lyman, South Carolina


Matthew "Matt" Chessé (born October 27, 1965) is an American film editor, producer, and director who is mainly associated with Independent films. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for Finding Neverland (2004). Chessé has edited most of the films directed by Marc Forster.

Early life
Chessé was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay area, and received a bachelor's degree in English literature from San Francisco State University. He attended Ygnacio Valley High School in the SF/EastBay city of Concord graduating with the Class of 1984.

Career
After college he was invited to relocate to Los Angeles to assist Peter Kagan, a director of commercials, at Stiefel and Co.. He next worked as an assistant to Angus Wall, an editor at the commercial editorial shop Rock, Paper, Scissors. Chessé became an editor under the tutelage of David Lee and Lauren Zuckerman. His first project with Marc Forster was on the film Everything Put Together (2000), which led to their collaboration on the very successful film Monster's Ball (2001).

Awards
Chessé has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.

He has been nominated, for an Oscar in 2005: Best Achievement in Editing for Finding Neverland (2004), an Eddie in 2005: Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic for Finding Neverland (2004), and a Satellite Award in 2008: Best Film Editing for Quantum of Solace (2008) which he shared with: Richard Pearson)

Personal life
Chessé currently lives in Los Angeles, California with his wife, two children, Clover and Coco, and one dog named Shortbread.

Editing credits
Matthew Chessé began his career as an editor. His editing credits include:

 Everything Put Together (2000)
 Monster's Ball (2001)
 Finding Neverland (2004)
 Stay (2005)
 Ellie Parker (2005)
 Stranger Than Fiction (2006)
 The Kite Runner (2007)
 Quantum of Solace (2008)
 Warrior (2011)
 Machine Gun Preacher (2011)
 World War Z (2013)
 Fort Bliss (2013)
 The Best of Me (2014)
 The Gift (2015)
 Money Monster (2016)
 Christopher Robin (2018)
 Music (2021)
 Sweet Girl (2021)
 A Man Called Otto (2022)
 White Bird'' (2023)

References

External links

 Puccio, John J. (2005). "Interview with Matt Chesse", webpage posted March 20, 2005 on the DVDTown.com website; archived at WebCite on 2008-07-06 from this original URL.

Film producers from California
American film editors
American Cinema Editors
San Francisco State University alumni
1965 births
Living people
Film directors from San Francisco


Séon Carsuel (Anglicized: John Carswell, modern Scottish Gaelic: Seon Carsuail; c. 1522 – 1572) was a 16th-century Scottish prelate, humanist, and Protestant reformer. Born early in the century, when Carsuel completed his education he joined the service of the Protestant Earl of Argyll, tutoring his son and using his patronage to obtain benefices, most notably becoming Bishop of the Isles in 1565. Standing at over  in height, Carsuel was an important figure in the history of Scottish Gaelic, as in 1567 his Foirm na n-Urrnuidheadh, the Gaelic translation of the Book of Common Order, became the first work to be printed in any Goidelic language.

Biography

Background and early years
Carsuel's family probably originated in Wigtownshire, the western part of Galloway, from Corsewall; the Campbell family, rulers of much of Argyll, owned the estate there. Additionally, most of Wigtownshire, like Argyll, was still Gaelic speaking at the beginning, at least, of the 16th century, though Séon himself was probably born at Kilmartin in Argyll.

Born around 1522, Carsuel probably experienced a period of traditional Gaelic bardic schooling before becoming a student at the University of St Andrews in 1540; he graduated Master of Arts in either 1544 or 1545. There is evidence that in 1545, Carsuel joined the revolt of Domhnall Dubh, the claimant to the forfeited Lordship of the Isles; however, he appears to have abandoned this cause soon after, becoming a staunch supporter of Gilleasbaig Ruadh Caimbeul (Archibald Roy Campbell), fourth Earl of Argyll.

Carsuel's associations with Earl Gilleasbaig were strong enough for Carsuel to become chaplain to the earl, and probably lay behind in possession by September 1550, and certainly by 14 October 1551, of the Treasurership of Lismore Cathedral. He became parson of the parish church of Kilmartin in 1553.

It is probable that Carsuel was already a strong Protestant sympathiser by this point; Earl Gilleasbaig Ruadh was likewise a Protestant, possibly having converted as early as 1536 when he visited France. Earl Gilleasbaig placed his eldest son, also called Gilleasbaig (later fifth Earl of Argyll), under the tutelage of Carsuel.

In February 1559, the year following Earl Gilleasbaig Ruadh's death and the consequent succession of his son Gilleasbaig the fifth Earl of Argyll, the latter entrusted his stronghold of Carnassarie Castle to Carsuel, and in 1560 put Craignish Castle into his hands too. During his occupation of Carnassarie, he "massively enlarged" the castle using masons who had worked on Stirling Castle. In 1558, Argyll had secured Carsuel the position of Chancellor of the Chapel Royal at Stirling.

Protestant prelate
In the aftermath of the Reformation Parliament of 1560, in the following year Carsuel was appointed Protestant Superintendent of Argyll and the Isles. In 1563, he was given the power to lease the diocese of Argyll and the abbey of Saddell, and on 12 January 1565, Carsuel received a grant from Mary, Queen of Scots, of the revenues of the bishopric of the Isles and the abbey of Iona.

He received formal crown provision (rather than papal provision) on 24 March; a rival, Lachlan MacGill-Eathain (MacLean), was accused of going to the papacy to obtain the rights to the Isles and Iona, but gave up his rights in May 1567. Carsuel had obtained other benefices by this time, and by the end of his life had acquired land all over the west coast of Scotland, and it was later said in a Gaelic quatrain that he had "an empty greedy capacious maw" (sgròban lom gionach farsaing).

Foirm na n-Urrnuidheadh
It was during his time as Bishop of the Isles that Carsuel enacted the most important accomplishment of his life, the publication of Foirm na n-Urrnuidheadh (literally, "The form of the prayers"). This text was based upon the 1564 Scottish edition of the Book of Common Order, for which it is to some extent a translation; it was dedicated to the earl of Argyll, and contains a poem by Carsuel. When it was published in Edinburgh by Robert Lekprevik on 24 April 1567, it became the first book ever to be printed in either Scottish or Irish Gaelic, or any Goidelic language.

Its language has been characterised as "exuberant, highly decorated classical common Gaelic", and helped forward the message of Scottish Protestantism from the English-speaking south-east of the country into Gaelic-speaking Scotland. It was written in the traditional orthography of Irish Classical Common Gaelic, and Donald Meek has suggested that if it were not for Carsuel's training in this form of literacy and his decision to use it, Scottish Gaelic today may be employing, like the Manx language, a script with orthographic rules more similar to English and French than traditional Irish.

It was also ground-breaking in its use of prose for non-heroic material, "the first to use this type of formal Classical [Gaelic] prose". And Carsuel had indeed complained in his work about earlier Gaelic writings, slamming the ...darkness of sin and ignorance and design of those who teach and write and cultivate Gaelic, that they are more designed, and more accustomed, to compose vain, seductive, lying and worldly tales about the Tuatha De Danann and the sons of Mil and the heroes and Finn MacCoul and his warriors and to cultivate and piece together much else which I will not enumerate or tell here, for the purpose of winning for themselves the vain rewards of the world.

Death
Carsuel married a daughter of Hamilton of Halcraig, with whom he had at least one son, his heir Gilleasbaig Carsuel; he married a second time, to Mairead Chaimbeul (Margaret Campbell), to whom his daughter Christiana was probably born. He was recorded as very ill in December 1570, and he died sometime between 21 June and 4 September 1572; he was buried in a stone coffin in Ardchattan Priory, in a funeral remembered in tradition for the great storm which took place at the time.

In the late 19th century, his skeleton was dug up; the skeleton measured seven feet in length, making Carsuel an extremely tall man by the standard of any era or geographical location.

Notes

References

 Dawson, Jane E. A., "Campbell, Archibald, fourth earl of Argyll (1498–1558)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 25 Jan 2008
  Dawson, Jane E. A.,"Campbell, Archibald, fifth earl of Argyll (1538–1573)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 , accessed 25 Jan 2008
 Lorimer, W. L., "The Persistence of Gaelic in Galloway and Carrick", in Scottish Gaelic Studies, VI.2 (1949), pp. 114–36
 MacInnes, Ranald, "The Castles and Mansions of Argyll", in Donald Omand (ed.), The Argyll Book, (Edinburgh, 2004), pp. 190–204
 Meek, Donald E., "The Scots-Gaelic Scribes of Late Medieval Perthshire: An Overview of the Orthography and Contents of the Book of the Dean of Lismore", in Janet Hadley Williams (ed.), Stewart Style, 1513-1542: Essays on the Court of James V, (East Linton, 1996), pp. 254–72
 Ó Baoill, Colm, "The Scots-Gaelic Interface", in Charles Jones (ed.), The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language (Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 551–568
 Shaw, John, "Oral Traditions/Folklore of Argyll", in Donald Omand (ed.), The Argyll Book, (Edinburgh, 2004), pp. 213–22
 Stiùbhart, Domhnall Uilleam, "Carswell, John  [Séon Carsuel] (c.1522–1572)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 24 Jan 2008
 Wormald, Jenny, Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625, (Edinburgh, 1981),

1522 births
1572 deaths
Abbots of Iona
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Bishops of the Isles
Clergy from Argyll and Bute
Protestant Reformers
Scottish Calvinist and Reformed Christians
16th-century Scottish writers
16th-century male writers
16th-century bishops of the Church of Scotland
16th-century Scottish bishops


Henry Perigal Borrell (1795, London – 2 October 1851, Smyrna) was a British numismatist.  He was the son of John Henry Borrell (anglicised from Borel), a London clockmaker from Couvet, and Kitty Borrell (née Howe).  Having learned the numismatics trade in London, he traveled to the Ottoman Empire and set up home and shop in Smyrna as a trader, from 1818 right up until his death.  Two years after his arrival, in 1820, he married Emelia Boddington in Smyrna.  In the 1820s, he obtained an inscription from Aphrodisias, a copy of which he sent to August Boeckh.  In 1838 he met the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna and sold him the Chatsworth Head (found at Tamassos).  Via the Bank of England, Borrell also supplied coins to the British Museum.

He also devoted much time and energy to discovering unpublished ancient Greek coins, with his results being presented in papers in the Revue Numismatique, the Numismatic Chronicle (including articles in 1839 on "Coins in Andeda in Pisida" and in 1841 "On the coins reading OKOKLIEŌN"), and a number of German numismatic periodicals.  In 1836 he published at Paris a "Notice sur quelques médailles grecques des rois de Chypre" (Notice on some Greek medals of the kings of Cyprus) in Paris.  He also became an associate member of the Numismatic Society of London on 28 November 1839, and remained so until his death.  His coins, antiquities, and gems collection was sold after his death by Sotheby and Wilkinson of London in 1851, who also sold his numismatic library 2 years later, on 28 February 1853.  Most of his many children remained in Smyrna, though Frederick Anthony Borrell (1836–1905) returned to London, marrying Laura Bithinia Maceroni there in 1857.
Henry had sent a notebook of more than 200 ancient Greek and other Eastern Mediterranean inscriptions to James Kennedy Baillie MRIA, Rector of Ardtrea (1793–1864) during his lifetime, and it still survives today.

Family
Henry Perigal Borrell had 6 siblings: Harriot Borrell, Elizabeth Borrell, Judith Catherine Borrell, Ann Magdalene Borrell, Maximilian John Borrell and George Howe Borrell.

Descendants
Henry Perigal Borrell and his wife have a few notable descendants.

 Miles Malleson
 Junio Valerio Borghese

Notes

Other sources
Gentleman's Magazine, 2nd ser., 39 (1853), 324
Notice of his death in "Proceedings of the Numismatic Society for 24 June 1852", Numismatic Chronicle, 14 (1851–2)
List of honorary members in R. A. G. Carson and H. Pagan, A history of the Royal Numismatic Society, 1836–1986 (1986), 79
F.Boase, Modern English biography: containing many thousand concise memoirs of persons who have died since the year 1850, 6 vols. (privately printed, Truro, 1892–1921); repr.(1965)
 "Inscriptions of Aphrodisias Project"

1795 births
1851 deaths
English numismatists


The 16th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race run to Formula One rules, held on 2 May 1964 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 52 laps, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in his own Brabham BT7.

Results

References
 "The Grand Prix Who's Who", Steve Small, 1995.
 "The Formula One Record Book", John Thompson, 1974.

BRDC International Trophy
BRDC International Trophy
BRDC
BRDC International Trophy


Bullitt's Lick is a historic salt lick  west of Shepherdsville in Bullitt County, Kentucky.  It was the first commercial supplier of salt in Kentucky, and the first industry in Kentucky as well, supplying jobs for many residents but also using slaves.

History
Its high salinity levels in regards to other sources of water made it a popular spot for buffalo and others animals, causing natural roads for humans to use.  Squire Boone noted killing a few buffalo by the lick in early 1779.  Most such salt deposits in what is now Kentucky would have only been enough for a few settlers to use, in order to preserve their food.  However, Bullitt's Lick was part of a concentration of salt, ranging from Bardstown Junction, Kentucky in the south, to across the Salt River to just north of present-day Fairdale, Kentucky, along the eastern side of the "Knobs" of the region.

Captain Thomas Bullitt discovered the salt lick in 1773, while surveying land for Colonel William Christian, who had been granted land due to his actions in the French and Indian War.  Christian's family owned the salt lick, but had others obtain the salt, and pay the Christians rent in salt for using the land, with Henry Crist being the most prominent of these sharecroppers.  Christian would not actually arrive at the salt lick until 1785, and would die from Native Americans the next year.  His widow soon died, leaving it to his son John Henry Christian, who also died young, giving it to all of his five sisters.  During John's brief ownership, his guardian and uncle Patrick Henry controlled it until John had reached legal age.  Due to the sisters' marriages, control of the salt lick went to Alexander Scott Bullitt and William Pope Jr.

Saltworks
The first actual saltworks on the property were in 1779.  Salt was difficult to obtain in the area, as there were few transportation facilities. (Louisville, the first white settlement in the area, had only been established in 1778).  Salt was extracted by boiling the water in 25 iron kettles above a 1000-gallon-sized trench of fire.  These kettles originally weighed 100 pounds, but the later kettles would weigh up to 200 pounds.  There would be three cycles of salt making in a 24-hour period.  These furnaces were initially located by the salt lick itself, but once the nearby wood was used, the furnaces were moved to the newer supplies of wood, as that was a cheaper alternative than bringing the wood to the furnaces.  Until 1780, it was the only saltworks west of Pennsylvania's Allegheny Mountains.  This in turn made the Wilderness Road the "inland intermodal distribution system" in the territories of the United States. Joseph Field briefly worked for the salt works at Bullitt's Lick, and later was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

This salt would soon be used not only in Kentucky, but the Illinois Territory, Tennessee Territory, and far-away New Orleans as well.  It was taken to New Orleans and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by way of flatboats.  The salt business would last until the development of navigation on Virginia's Kanawha River allowed steamboats to deliver its salt throughout the Ohio and Mississippi courses in 1830s, undercutting Bullitt's Lick's producers.

One side effect of Bullitt County's early salt making was the deforestation of much of its land.  This was the impetus for the creation of Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest in the early 20th century.

See also
Mann's Lick
 Big Bone Lick

References

Geography of Bullitt County, Kentucky
History of salt


The men's javelin throw event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union had 18 competitors in one qualifying group. The qualifying round was staged on July 26, with the automatic qualifying mark set at . Twelve advanced to the final, which took place the following day.

The Soviet Union's Dainis Kūla and Aleksandr Makarov won gold and silver, amid allegations that Soviet officials had favored their own athletes.

Competition

Qualification

The qualification was held in rainy conditions, and several favorites had difficulties getting through. All three Soviet throwers and Hungary's defending champion Miklós Németh reached the automatic qualifying mark (80.00 m) in the first round, but the other Hungarian, Ferenc Paragi, who had broken the world record earlier in 1980, only got a good throw in the third and final qualification round, and East Germany's Detlef Michel, who was one of the favorites and would win the World Championship in 1983, failed to qualify.

Only ten athletes reached the automatic qualification mark, so Detlef Fuhrmann and Stefan Stoykov qualified despite not reaching the mark.

Final

The favorites in the final were Paragi, the three Soviets and East Germany's Wolfgang Hanisch, a three-time medalist at European Championships. Hanisch was an early leader after throwing 86.72 m in the first round, closely followed by two Soviets, Heino Puuste and Makarov, and Finland's Antero Puranen. Paragi had problems with his technique and failed to get a good throw, and the third Soviet thrower, Dainis Kūla, had no valid mark after two rounds.

In the third round Paragi got his best throw, 79.52 m, but it wasn't enough to move him to the top eight that would qualify for rounds four to six. Kūla, on the other hand, stayed in the competition as his third throw was measured as 88.88 m and he took the lead.

In round four Kūla improved further to 91.20 m, the eventual winning distance. Makarov got his best throws in rounds five and six and took silver ahead of Hanisch.

Controversy

Kūla's third throw

Dainis Kūla's third throw immediately became controversial as it landed almost completely flat (rather than point first), and a flat throw should have been ruled illegal; had that ruling been made, Kūla would have been out of the last three rounds. It was also claimed the throw's distance had been exaggerated, with the actual distance being around 87 m.

Flat or ambiguously flat throws were not uncommon with the old javelin designs then used, nor were "generous" judgments by officials. Kūla's case, however, gained much notoriety as it not only secured him Olympic gold, but fit into a wider pattern of Soviet officials favoring their own athletes at the 1980 Olympics.

Opening the gates

Another controversy surrounded Soviet officials opening the stadium's gates when Soviet athletes were throwing, letting more wind in to aid the throws. In Finland (which had three athletes in the final), the gate issue spurred much discussion and lived on in public memory for a long time; Kūla was greeted with shouts of "open the gates!" when he competed in the 1983 World Championships in the Finnish capital, Helsinki, and when the 2013 World Championships were held in Moscow the gate controversy again became a talking point.

Outcome

In the media of javelin-crazy Finland, the usually friendly attitude towards the Soviet Union was seriously dented by the javelin final as mainstream newspapers criticized the officials. Jim Dunaway, writing for the American magazine Track & Field News, was even more negative in opining that "the competition should be voided by the IAAF and either held again at some future date, or removed from the Olympic records." However, no official complaints or protests were filed, and the original results were allowed to stand.

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Moscow Time (UTC+3)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Final

See also
 1976 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Montreal)
 1978 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Prague)
 1980 Javelin Throw Year Ranking
 1982 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Athens)
 1983 Men's World Championships Javelin Throw (Helsinki)
 1984 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Los Angeles)
 1984 Men's Friendship Games Javelin Throw (Moscow)
 1986 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Stuttgart)

References

External links
  Results
  koti.welho

J
Javelin throw at the Olympics
Men's events at the 1980 Summer Olympics


The Lost Steps () is a 2001 Argentine and Spanish drama film directed by Manane Rodríguez and written by Rodríguez and Xavier Bermúdez.  The film features Irene Visedo, Luis Brandoni, Federico Luppi, among others.

Plot
The film tells the story of Mónica Erigaray (Irene Visedo), who is twenty years old and lives with her parents Ernesto Erigaray (Luis Brandoni) and Inés (Concha Velasco). Seventeen years ago the Erigarays left Argentina and moved to Spain to live a peaceful and quiet life.

However, things change rather abruptly when a famous Argentinian writer named Bruno Leardi (Federico Luppi) claims that Mónica is in reality his granddaughter named Diana, daughter of his son Diego Liardi who disappeared during the Dirty War in Argentina.

At one point in the film Ernesto Erigaray and his cohorts accost Bruno and make it clear that harm will come to him if he persists with his accusations and attempts to see Mónica.

Erigaray decides to confront Bruno in his hotel room, but nothing is settled. The family ends up in a Court approved hearing and Ernesto Erigaray is accused of being the Argentine torturer known by his men as "El Sapo" ("The Toad") who did his nasty work in a place known as "the Cesspit." Subsequently, DNA tests prove that Mónica is indeed the daughter of Diego Liardi and Sara Pereira (a Spanish citizen). Mónica leaves the Erigaray's and they are arrested and tried for the murder of a Spanish citizen and Mónica's illegal abduction.

One year later Mónica travels to Buenos Aires and marches with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo.  She drops by her grandfather's home and tells him Diana has come to call on him.

The film ends with the dedication:
To the mothers and grandmothers of Plaza del Mayo, and to those who resist the abduction of our memories.

Cast
 Irene Visedo as Mónica Erigaray (Diana Leardi Pereira)
 Luis Brandoni as Ernesto Erigaray
 Concha Velasco as Inés Laroche
 Federico Luppi as Bruno Leardi
 Juan Querol as Pablo
 Jesús Blanco as Luis
 Gabriel Moreno as Gómez
 Pedro Miguel Martínez as Mélendez
 Cristina Collado as Míriam
 Amparo Valle as Matilde
 Paulina Gálvez as Abogada Leardi
 Yael Barnatán as Silvia

Reception

Critical response
Jonathan Holland, film critic for Variety magazine, gave the film a mixed review, and wrote, "Built around the children of Argentina's "desaparecidos"—political victims who disappeared during the 1970s military dictatorship—The Lost Steps delivers a challenging political message in an easy-to-swallow manner. Uruguayan director Manane Rodriguez's sophomore feature—following Portrait of Woman With Man in Background (1997)—has powerful moments, but by focusing too strongly on the human interest rather than the politics, it ends up looking like a skeleton-in-the-closet family drama. Appearances in politically themed fests could be an option."

Awards
Wins
 Valladolid International Film Festival: FIPRESCI Prize - Special Mention, Manane Rodríguez; for confronting universal ambiguities in personal and social-political contexts and opting for harsh truth against convenient lies; 2001.
 Toulouse Cinespaña, Toulouse, France: Prix Cinespaña, Manane Rodríguez; 2002.

Nominations
 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards: Silver Condor, Best Actress, Irene Visedo; 2002.
 Bogota Film Festival: Golden Precolumbian Circle, Best Film, Manane Rodríguez; 2002.
 Valladolid International Film Festival: Golden Spike, Manane Rodríguez; 2001.

See also
 List of Spanish films of 2001
 Maria Eugenia Sampallo
 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

References

External links

 Los pasos perdidos at the cinenacional.com
 Los pasos perdidos review at La Butaca by Rubén Corral

2001 films
2001 drama films
Films about Latin American military dictatorships
Argentine independent films
2000s Spanish-language films
Spanish independent films
2001 independent films
Argentine drama films
Spanish drama films
2000s Spanish films
2000s Argentine films


Richard Pearson (born 1961) is an American film editor who is mainly associated with action films. Pearson, with Clare Douglas and Christopher Rouse, received the BAFTA Award for Best Editing for the film United 93 (2006).

Life and career
Pearson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and raised in New Hope, Minnesota. As a college student in the early 1980s, Pearson was an intern at the television station WCCO-TV in Minneapolis. He moved to Hollywood in 1985 to pursue a career in the entertainment industry. His first editing credit was for the television miniseries From the Earth to the Moon (1998). The "1968" episode of From the Earth to the Moon was nominated for an American Cinema Editors "Eddie" award (Best Edited Episode from a Television Mini-Series) and for an Emmy Award (Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Miniseries or a Movie). Christopher Rouse, Pearson's co-editor on The Bourne Supremacy and United 93, also worked on this miniseries.

Following an editing credit for the film Muppets from Space (1999), Pearson edited two films (Bowfinger and The Score) that were directed by Frank Oz, who was Jim Henson's early collaborator in developing The Muppets.

United 93 was directed by Paul Greengrass, who is particularly noted for films that are "shot verité style as a detailed mass of hectic vignettes—jagged jump cuts, sudden blackouts, overlapping everything." The use of three editors (Douglas, Pearson, and Rouse) on United 93 was dictated by its short post-production period; less than six months passed between the start of filming and release of the film. Greengrass and Douglas had worked together quite successfully on the film Bloody Sunday (2002); Greengrass, Pearson, and Rouse had recently finished The Bourne Supremacy (2004). Despite the accelerated post-production schedule for United 93, the editing was very successful. Ellen Feldman has written an analysis of the film's editing; she notes that, "United 93 represents a complex editing feat, with a structure based on parallel cutting combined with an edgy, hyper-cranked "Cinema Verité” style, a style that disorients us but doesn't prevent us from grasping lots of necessary exposition and identifying with many characters." In addition to the BAFTA Award, the editors were also nominated for an Academy Award for Film Editing and for an ACE Eddie Award.

Pearson has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.

Pearson was an editor of the James Bond film, Quantum of Solace (2008), along with Matt Chesse. He worked on Safe House (2012). He resides in California.

Editing credits
From the Earth to the Moon (1998) (episodes 3, 4, 7, 12)
Muppets from Space (1999) (with Michael A. Stevenson)
Bowfinger (1999)
Drowning Mona (2000)
The Score (2001)
Men in Black II (2002) (with Steven Weisberg)
The Rundown (2003)
The Bourne Supremacy (2004) (with Christopher Rouse)
A Little Trip to Heaven (2005)
Rent (2005)
United 93 (2006) (with Clare Douglas and Christopher Rouse)
Blades of Glory (2007) (with Max Coyne)
Get Smart (2008)
Quantum of Solace (2008) (with Matt Chesse)
Iron Man 2 (2010) (with Dan Lebental)
Safe House (2012)
Red Dawn (2012)
Maleficent (2014) (with Chris Lebenzon)
The Accountant (2016)
Kong: Skull Island (2017)
Justice League (2017) (with David Brenner and Martin Walsh)
Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) (with Roger Barton and Bob Ducsay)
Wonder Woman 1984 (2020)
Uncharted (2022) (with Chris Lebenzon)
Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile (2022)

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
American Cinema Editors
American film editors
Best Editing BAFTA Award winners
Mass media people from Minneapolis
People from New Hope, Minnesota


The Spirit Ring is a 1992 historical fantasy by Lois McMaster Bujold, based on Agricola's De re metallica, combined with the folkloric tradition of the grateful dead and the life of Benvenuto Cellini.

Plot

In the fictional Italian city-state of Montefoglia, Fiametta is the 15-year-old daughter of a master metal-worker and magician, Prospero Beneforte. He indulges her wish to learn to make magical items of metal, though it is not generally viewed as appropriate for her gender.

At the beginning of the story, Fiametta casts a lion's-head ring with a love spell which aims to identify a 'true heart'. The young girl is chagrined when the heart selected by the spell belongs to a young Swiss miner, named Thur Ochs. Thur came to Montefoglia to work as an apprentice to Prospero Beneforte, a position secured by his brother, Uri.

But Uri is killed in the fight when Duke Sandrino is usurped by an ambitious mercenary leader, Lord Ferrante. Ferrante's magician, Vitelli, pickles Uri's body in salt for future use in making a ring of power — the spirit ring of the book's title. Fiametta and her father, who were present to deliver a commissioned work when the fight began, manage to escape but are followed by Ferrante's men. Prospero dies of a heart attack while holding the attackers back to let Fiametta escape, and his body eventually is added to that of Uri as a resource for ring-making.

The story then follows Fiametta, Thur, and the local Abbot as they find out Lord Ferrante's plans and invent ways to block them. The grandest of these is the use of the casting of a larger-than-life bronze Perseus figure, Master Beneforte's masterwork that had only reached the wax model stage before his death, and the voluntary investment in it of the spirit of Uri Ochs. This invincible soldier is able to lead a rabble of townspeople into the castle and kills Lord Ferrante just before it cools to immobility. The Abbot manages to shrive the spirits of the assorted casualties of the concluding battle, Fiametta manages to unmake the ring, and Master Beneforte in spirit form helps end the career of Vitelli.

Reception
Publishers Weekly praised it as "enthralling" and "crisply paced [and] fully developed", while the SF Site called it "Bujold at her storytelling best" and "a fine and stirring yarn".

Infinity Plus stated that it has "[g]ood writing, decent plot, engaging characters, [and] logical, well put-together world", but found it to be "somehow lacking a certain snap that Bujold has consistently brought to her Science Fiction". At Tor.com, Jo Walton noted that she "ought to like [the book] more", emphasizing that it has "wonderful ingredients", that she has "intellectual admiration" for it, and that it would be easy to discuss the book "in a way that really made it sound amazing by dwelling on the things that are amazing", but ultimately concluding that "there's no spark" and that Bujold has "written books that were so much better".

References

1992 American novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by Lois McMaster Bujold
Novels set in Italy


The Belfry is a shopping centre located in Redhill, Surrey, England.

History
The Belfry Shopping Centre first opened on 15 October 1991, in the centre of Redhill, having been constructed on the site of an old car park. It dramatically altered the already changing face of Redhill, bringing it well into the modern age and has created many jobs with the 43 shops it contains.
It spreads over , and has two shopping levels - the bottom being High Street Mall, and the upper level Station Road Mall. They are named after the roads the respective levels exit onto.

When it was first opened it was notable for bringing many famous high street names to Redhill for the first time, such as Marks & Spencer, Our Price and WH Smiths. The Redhill branch of Boots built an extension to their store so they could connect an entrance to the centre.

Awards
In February 2006, the Belfry announced that it had won the 'Purple Apple' National Retail award. It beat competition from the country's larger and more popular centres in the Best Single Event category, for its 'Modelsearch' competition, which not only looks to find new modelling talent of all shapes and sizes, both male and female, while increasing traffic to the mall and allowing merchants to showcase their wares.

In 2004, the Belfry was the first shopping centre to be presented with the ISO 14001 certificate for environmental management. 48% of their waste is recycled, and a full 100% of their electricity comes from renewable sources.

They hold the ParkMark certificate, an award given for providing safe parking to their visitors.

Unofficially, it boasts the largest fake Christmas tree seen in any shopping centre across the nation, made especially for their big seasonal event, which includes a free Santa's grotto, which is hugely popular with the locals and in 2006 resulted in the opening hours having to be extended to accommodate everyone.

2007 refurbishment
On 17 January 2007 it was announced by Richard Cowlard, the centre manager, that the precinct would undergo a £1million, 9-month long renovation, to help bring it into the 21st century. Having bucked the trend over Christmas 2006 of falling high street figures, instead enjoying an increase, they deemed the refurbishment worth the investment and went ahead.

The work was all completed (by contractors Kier East) at night to avoid disruption to shoppers and loss of sales to the shops, and finished two months ahead of schedule in September 2007.

Specialists were drafted in to work on the -high glass atrium and a new smoke-detection system was installed, along with a new fire sprinkle system. New aesthetic features were installed and standing ones upgraded. The ceilings were replaced (although the roof still leaks) and the walls repainted in bright white. 800 high-spec lights were added to increase the vivid white effect of the shopping centre. Finnish lift company KONE were contracted to modernise the aging "scenic lifts" to better accommodate disabled people.

The centre became more environmentally friendly. Changes included energy-efficient lighting and removal of electric hand-driers from the toilets and the installation of hand-towel dispensers.

At the same time, one of the Belfry's biggest retailers, Marks & Spencer, which spreads over both the floors in the centre, underwent complete refurbishment, including the introduction of an instore cafe and bakery and the launch of their popular Per Una line.

Later changes

In 2016, a reconfiguration programme began which saw several stores at The Belfry - including Mr Simms, O2, Robert Dyas and Toy Barnhaus - relocated in order to release a total of nine units across two levels, allowing this space to be converted into a single large store. In March 2017 it was confirmed that the newly-configured store would be occupied by H&M from that spring.

The Royal Earlswood Museum
Housed on Car Park level one, above Marks & Spencer, the Royal Earlswood Museum is a small collection of some of the very few exhibits from the Royal Earlswood Asylum which was opened in 1847 and closed in 1997.

Earlswood is a small town just up the hill from Redhill, and is far closer to the actual hill considered to be the original red hill than the town Redhill itself.

References

History of Reigate and Redhill. Reigate and Redhill.co.uk. Retrieved on 6 March 2008
London Road. Then and Now. Retrieved on 6 March 2008
The High Street. Then and Now. Retrieved on 6 March 2008

External links
The Belfry website

Reigate and Banstead
Shopping malls established in 1991
Shopping centres in Surrey


The Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, mainly known as Valdecilla, is a general hospital located in the city of Santander, Cantabria, in Spain.

History

The Valdecilla Health House was founded by the end of the first third of the 20th century. Three different stages can be set to understand the history of the hospital: the first one, from its foundation in 1929 to 1969; the second one, until 1982; the third one, until 2000; and from that year to the current time.

Important dates

Foundation of the Valdecilla Health House, around 1910.
Foundation of the hospital, with the important contribution of the Marquess of Valdecilla (1929). It included a nursing school, one of the first ones in Spain.
Military hospital, since the Spanish Civil War to the 1950s. It involved a decline in the hospital.
Inclusion in the National Health System (1969). By the same time, the Maternity Hospital, the children's hospital, the recently built Parayas psychiatric hospital and a geriatric hospital were added. New blocks were built to the General Hospital.
Creation of the Santander medical school (University of Cantabria), associated to the hospital.
Second important expansion, by 1982. It was followed by a new decline period.
In 1997 the Hospital Virtual Valdecilla, a healthcare training center, was founded in collaboration with the University of Cantabria and the Government of Cantabria.
In 1999, November 2, the older structures were so damaged that the north-eastern wall of the Trauma building collapsed. Four workers died, and many were injured. This accident resulted in the third important renovation, which is expected to conclude by 2012. By the time, Valdecilla is supposed to become a Hospital City, one of the biggest and best equipped in Spain.

References

Hospitals in Spain
Teaching hospitals in Spain
Hospitals established in 1929
Buildings and structures in Cantabria
University of Cantabria
1929 establishments in Spain


Ann Hamilton may refer to:

Ann Hamilton (artist) (born 1956), American artist
Ann Hamilton (British actress), known for her appearances on the Morecambe & Wise Show
Ann Lewis Hamilton, American television writer
Ann Mary Hamilton, English gothic and romantic novelist

See also
Anne Hamilton (disambiguation)