Evgeniya Sergeyevna Rodina (, born 4 February 1989) is a Russian tennis player. On 6 May 2019, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 67.

Rodina has won 13 singles and six doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit along with one singles and one doubles title on WTA 125 tournaments.

Personal life
Rodina is married to her coach Denis Shteyngart. They have a daughter, born in November 2012.

Career

2004–05
Rodina began her career on the ITF Circuit with the assistance of a wildcard into the first round of the main draw of a $25k tournament at Moscow in late August 2004, when she was fifteen and a half years old, and took a set from up-and-coming fellow Russian Elena Vesnina, though she lost the match in three.

Further wildcards into two successive $10k events at Dubrovnik, Croatia that October gave her the opportunity to win her first and second main-draw ITF matches without qualifying. She lost in the second round on both occasions. But these two results were sufficient to put her onto the tail end of the rankings board at world No. 1138, by the end of the year.

After taking a six-month break from competition, she was granted a further wildcard directly into the main draw of a $10k event at Cavtat, Croatia in late April 2005, after her 16th birthday, and this time won two rounds before losing in the quarterfinals. At the end of that same week, she at last entered a $10k qualifying draw on the merit of her ranking alone, and qualified and then won four rounds of the main draw without dropping a set, only to lose in the final to a little-known player called Vanja Ćorović of Serbia and Montenegro. Her next breakthrough followed in mid-August, as she came through qualifying into a $25k draw for the first time at Moscow, and defeated Oxana Lyubtsova in the main draw on the way to a quarterfinal defeat by fellow Russian Vasilisa Bardina.

The following week, she was wildcarded directly into a $25k draw at Balashikha, also in Russia, and bettered her career-best result set the previous week by battling through to the semifinals, after knocking out Israeli player Yevgenia Savransky in the quarterfinals, before she was once again defeated by Bardina in straight sets.

On her next attempt to qualify for a $25 tournament, at Tbilisi, Georgia in September, she lost in the qualifying round to Kristina Antoniychuk in straight sets, but was allowed into the main draw as a lucky loser, only to face Bardina for a third time in the first round. Despite winning a set from her fellow Russian for the first time, she lost the match in three.

Wildcarded into the $50k Batumi Ladies Open main draw, also in Georgia, at the end of that month, she reached the second round, then lost to another compatriot, Alla Kudryavtseva.

The next week, in early October, she was favoured with yet another wildcard into a main draw, and this time it was to be her first WTA Tour main draw. Nonetheless, she defeated compatriot Tatiana Panova in Round One and Hungarian talent Melinda Czink in round two to reach the quarterfinal stage at her début WTA event, but then lost a three-set clash to her compatriot Ekaterina Bychkova.

The ranking points accrued by this run of results were sufficient to afford her direct entry into the main draw of the next $25k contest she entered, which took place at Minsk in Belarus, early in November. In this instance, she won through to the quarterfinals, but was stopped a round short of her career-best performance at this level by emerging star Agnieszka Radwańska.

In mid-November she was forced to fight through qualifying to enter the popular $25k event at Průhonice in the Czech Republic, and succeeded in defeating future top-50 star Dominika Cibulková and Maša Zec Peškirič to achieve this end. But in the first round of the main draw she lost in two sets to Michaela Paštiková.

She did not play another match for the next three months, but ended the year ranked world No. 323.

2006
Returning to competition towards the end of February, she gained direct entry into a $50 tournament at St. Paul, Minnesota, and won her first-round tie before losing to Ahsha Rolle.

In her next two $25k tournaments, she endured early losses, but on returning from a month's break early in May to compete in a $25k event at Antalya-Manavgat, Turkey, she reached the quarterfinals after beating Aurélie Védy in a three-set second-round clash, but then was demolished 6–1, 6–1 by Romina Oprandi.

The following week, she gained entry into the qualifying draw of her first $75k tournament at Jounieh, Indonesia, and won through all three qualifying rounds in close three-set matches against little-known opponents to score her career-best qualifying achievement yet, but finally succumbed to compatriot Alla Kudryavtseva in the first round of the main draw. In July, she suffered another early loss in the main draw of a $25k tournament at Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, as she was trounced by unheralded Ukrainian Galyna Kosyk in the second round in straight sets.

But in August she returned to form by breezing through into the finals of a $25k tournament at Moscow and then vanquishing compatriot Ekaterina Makarova in a closely fought final, to win the first ITF title of her career at any level.

The following month, she qualified for her second $75k draw, and this time came away with two main-draw victories also to extend her winning streak to ten, at the expense of Jorgelina Cravero and Aleksandra Wozniak. In the quarterfinals, she lost to Peruvian Kristina Brandi.

The very next week, she won through qualifying into a $50k event at Ashland, Kentucky, and defeated Varvara Lepchenko in the second round of the main draw before losing to future top-20 star Ágnes Szávay in the quarterfinals.

As a direct entrant into the main draw of her next $50k tournament the following week, in early October, she was stopped in the second round by Ahsha Rolle, who this time defeated her easily for the loss of just two games.

Back in action again the week after at a $50k event at San Francisco, California, she lost in three sets at the first hurdle to American Neha Uberoi.

After returning to Russia, she reached another $25k quarterfinal at Podolsk at the end of that month before losing to compatriot Eugenia Grebenyuk, 2–6, 5–7.

But the very next week, at the start of November, she turned the tables on Grebenyuk in the quarterfinals of a $25k tournament at Minsk, dismissing her, and then narrowly defeated compatriot Anna Lapushchenkova at the semifinal stage, before sealing a comprehensive straight-sets tournament victory over Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final, to take her career ITF singles title tally to two.

Later that month at Přerov in the Czech Republic, she cruised to the semifinals of another $25k event, before losing to British player Anne Keothavong 6–7, 2–6 in what would be the Russian's last match of the year.

Rodina had ended the year ranked 90 places higher than she began, at world No. 233, and had compiled a win–loss record for the year of 34–12.

2007
In January she entered qualifying for a WTA Tour event for the first time in her career. But far from being a minor-level WTA event, it was a major that she chose to tackle first at WTA qualifying level, and more specifically the Australian Open. In the first round of the qualifying draw, she defeated Angela Haynes, but then she lost in the second to another American, Bethanie Mattek.

After taking the next month off from competition, she entered qualifying for the Tier-III tournament at Bogotá, Colombia in mid-February, and reached the qualifying round with two victories over South American players, before losing to a little-known Spaniard, Estrella Cabeza Candela.

A week later, she entered qualifying for another Tier-III event in the Americas, this time at Acapulco, Mexico. But she was drawn against German player Gréta Arn in the first round of qualifying, and ceded to her a close three-setter.

Returning to the ITF Circuit in March, she suffered a close first-round loss to Darya Kustova in the $25k event at Minsk before winning through to the finals at Moscow with victories over fellow-Russians Oxana Lyubtsova and Alisa Kleybanova, but then lost a very close final to Ekaterina Makarova, who thereby avenged her defeat at the hands of Rodina in the finals of another $25k event at Moscow the previous August.

Staying with $25k events in April, she lost a very close first round match to Casey Dellacqua at Biarritz, France, but the following week won through to the semifinals at Calvià, Spain, with a three-set quarterfinal victory against Petra Cetkovská,only to lose her semifinal tie to María José Martínez Sánchez in straight sets.

Late that month, she stepped back up to the $50k level at Torrent, Valencia, but lost in the second round to Maret Ani.

Travelling to the Lebanon in May for the $75k tournament at Jounieh, she was upended in the first round by a little-known player from Slovakia, Zuzana Kučová, 1–6, 4–6.

The following week, she reached the quarter-finals of a $50k tournament at Saint-Gaudens, France with wins over Margalita Chakhnashvili and Joanna Sakowicz, but was then demolished by Tatiana Perebiynis who allowed her only one game in the match.

Towards the end of the month, she entered qualifying for a Grand Slam championships for the second time in her career, this time at the French Open, and defeated Hana Šromová of the Czech Republic in the first round, but then lost to Uzbek Akgul Amanmuradova.

In June, Rodina tried again at Wimbledon, but despite defeating her compatriot Galina Voskoboeva in the first round of qualifying, she then lost rather easily to Belarusian Olga Govortsova, 1–6, 2–6.

After another month's break, she returned to action in late July at the $75k tournament at Pétange, Luxembourg, and made it through to the quarterfinal stage before losing to Carla Suárez Navarro, 6–7, 1–6.

In mid-August, she reached the quarterfinals of another $50k event at the Bronx, New York with wins over Swedish star Sofia Arvidsson and Dutch campaigner Elise Tamaëla, but then lost a quarterfinal to Austrian Yvonne Meusburger.

The very next week, she entered qualifying for her fourth straight Grand Slam of the year, and this time won two rounds at the expense of Elena Baltacha and Hana Šromová, but was defeated in three sets in the qualifying round by Olivia Sanchez.

In September, as a direct entrant to the $100k tournament at Kharkov, Ukraine, she reached the quarterfinal after notching up a straight-sets victory over another British player, Katie O'Brien, in the first round, but then lost to Anne Kremer from Luxembourg in the quarterfinals, 4–6, 1–6.

At the end of the month, she achieved a career-first at Tashkent, Uzbekistan in qualifying for a WTA Tour main draw, by successively defeating both Marta Domachowska of Poland and her compatriot Anna Lapushchenkova in straight sets. Although it was only a Tier-IV event, these were both strong opponents to encounter in a qualifying draw; and she capitalised on her achievement by Zhang Shuai in the first round of the main draw, 6–3, 7–6. But then she faced Victoria Azarenka in round two, and ceded the match to her in two sets, so failing to equal her career best result set at the same event two years previously, although on that past occasion she had entered the tournament thanks to the award of a wildcard and did not encounter such tough second-round opposition.

Later the same week, she entered qualifying for the Tier-I event at Moscow, and toughed out three-set victories against compatriots Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Anastasia Pivovarova before ultimately losing a three-setter to Australian former top-ten star Alicia Molik, in the qualifying round.

Towards the end of the month, Rodina returned to the ITF Circuit once more at Podolsk, Russia, and this time fought past Galyna Kosyk in a three-set quarterfinal to avenge her crushing defeat at her hands back in July 2006. At the semifinal stage, she ousted Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in another three-set tussle, but in the final she defeated Anna Lapushchenkova, against whom she has never yet lost, to earn her third career ITF singles title, and third at $25k level.

In early November, she entered a $50k tournament at Minsk, and after edging past a little-known fellow Russian in round one she successively defeated Viktoriya Kutuzova, Aravane Rezaï, and Ekaterina Dzehalevich to reach her career-first $50k final, having never previously made it past the quarterfinals at or above this level of event. Ironically, the final proved to be her easiest match of the tournament, as she virtually bulldozed Romanian Sorana Cîrstea for the loss of just one game each set, to take home her career-first $50k title.
´
The next two weeks were to prove less successful for Rodina. She first encountered Ekaterina Bychkova in the first round of the $50k event at Deauville, France, and was edged out by her in three sets. Next, after gaining direct entry into the main draw of the $100k event at Poitiers, France, she ran into Stéphanie Foretz and was defeated by her 6–3, 6–2.

In December, however, she entered the $75k tournament at Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and enjoyed further success, with another victory over Anna Lapushchenkova in the second round, followed by the avenging of her previous defeat by Alla Kudryavtseva in the quarterfinals, though it was to be another close three-set match between them. These victories took her to her career-first $75k semifinal, where she met Yuliana Fedak of Ukraine, and vanquished her in two close sets, 6–4, 6–4. But in the first $75k final, she was faced with the challenge of playing erstwhile top-25 star Maria Kirilenko; and though the first set was close, it was to be Kirilenko who eventually ran away with the match, 7–5, 6–2.

Nonetheless, this performance lifted Rodina to a career-high ranking of world No. 120 on 17 December, a position she maintained at the end of the year, which had seen her surge upwards by a further one 113 places.

2008
Back in Australia a couple of days before the start of January 2008, she again tried her luck at qualifying for events on the WTA Tour, but suffered a rare bleak run of results as she lost in the first rounds of qualifying in all three tournaments she entered, falling to Julia Schruff of Germany at Gold Coast, to Yaroslava Shvedova at Hobart, and to Junri Namigata at the Australian Open.

But with few ranking points to defend from that time of year in 2007, she had slipped only three places on the WTA rankings list to world No. 123 by the start of February; and even a further first-round loss to Kaia Kanepi (3–6, 4–6) at the first tournament she played that month, the Tier-III event at Viña del Mar, Chile, was enough to drop her ranking only to 127th by the last week of February.

In late February, she reached the second round of the Tier-III tournament at Memphis, Tennessee by defeating former top-100 player (but then world No. 158) Anastasiya Yakimova of Belarus in round one, before losing heavily to Lindsay Davenport, 1–6, 1–6. The following week, early in March, she reached the second round of the $50k Las Vegas Open with a 6–1, 6–4 win over Varvara Lepchenko, before losing to world No. 87 Yuan Meng, 2–6, 2–6 in the second round.

A reprieve from this disappointing run of finishes was just around the corner, however, as at the annual Tier-I event at Indian Wells held over two weeks in the middle of March she came through two tough rounds of qualifying by defeating resurgent former top-50 star Sesil Karatantcheva of Bulgaria and world No. 117 Rossana de los Ríos of Paraguay, and then went on to defeat wildcarded fellow Russian Anastasia Pivovarova and French world No. 26, Virginie Razzano, to reach the third round of the main draw, before losing to world No. 31, Anabel Medina Garrigues. Her string of four victories at this tournament, albeit two in qualifying, was sufficient to lift her to a new career-high ranking of world No. 102 in the week beginning 24 March.
In the French Open, her first direct entry into a major main draw, she took on the top seed and her compatriot, Maria Sharapova on the Philippe Chatrier Court, the largest court at Roland Garros. Rodina fought gamely and made a good account of herself, before Sharapova won 6–1, 3–6, 8–6.

2018–2019: Top 70 debut
Rodina qualified for Wimbledon and then made it to the third round where she defeated No. 10 seed Madison Keys. In the fourth round, she lost to Serena Williams 2–6, 2–6. She got her best new ranking of No. 71, her previous career-high ranking of No. 74 last held on 28 February 2011.

2022–2023: Comeback
After more three years of absence from the WTA Tour and the major events, she made her comeback at the 2022 US Open under a protected ranking. She defeated Martina Trevisan in the first round but lost to Ajla Tomljanović when the Aussie staged a come-from-behind win.
She entered the 2023 Australian Open under a protected ranking but lost to this Grand Slam qualifier and debutante Katie Volynets.
She also used her protected ranking to enter the WTA 1000 Indian Wells Open and the Miami Open where she defeated Alizé Cornet and Bernarda Pera, respectively.

She also used protected ranking to enter the Charleston Open, the Rosmalen Open, and Bad Homburg Open.

Performance timelines

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.

Singles
Current through the 2023 Miami Open.

WTA career finals

Doubles: 1 (runner–up)

WTA 125 tournament finals

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Doubles: 1 (1 title)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 20 (13 titles, 7 runner–ups)

Doubles: 18 (6 titles, 12 runner–ups)

Notes

References

External links

Tennis players from Moscow
Russian female tennis players
1989 births
Living people
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' doubles
Australian Open (tennis) junior champions


The third tier of the Bolivian football league system consists of nine regional leagues (one for each department); the number of participants varies depending

on the department. It usually has between 8 and 12 teams. The winner and the runner-up of each league compete in the Copa Simón Bolívar, with the winner of such tournament gaining promotion to the 1st Division, and the runner-up playing a play-off match with the last two placed teams in the First Division. Until 1976, all 8 regional championships (Pando didn't have an organized tournament at the time) were the top division of the national football pyramid, with the winner of the Copa Simón Bolívar being crowned as national champion.

The oldest regional championship is the one played in La Paz. It started in 1914 and it was considered for many years as the top Bolivian league, especially when it turned into a semi-professional tournament in 1950 and started to include teams from Oruro and Cochabamba.

Copa Simón Bolívar

The tournament started in 1960. Initially, only champions from La Paz, Cochabamba, Oruro and Santa Cruz participated. In later years, teams from other associations joined the cup, and the tournament eventually also had runners-up participating.

Until 1976, with the lack of a nationwide league, the cup determined the national champion and representative teams for the Copa Libertadores. With the creation of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano, the Bolivian FA stopped organizing the tournament.

In 1989, the tournament was resurrected, with the same format of both champions and runners-up from each association, but this time each regional league was the second tier on the football pyramid so the champion was supposed to be awarded a place in the professional league. Previously, the last placed team in the 1st division was replaced by the regional champion of its department. However, that practice was kept until 1993 when finally the champion was awarded a spot in the top league.

The competition format changes frequently. In 2008, the teams were divided into three groups of six teams, to save costs. Geographically close teams were teamed up and played on a home-away round-robin basis, with group 1 consisting of teams from La Paz, Oruro and Cochabamba; group 2 of teams from Potosí, Chuquisaca and Tarija, and group 3 of teams from Santa Cruz, Beni and Pando. The top two placed teams advanced to the next round, now playing play-offs on home-away basis, the three winners and the best loser advanced to the semifinals and then the final.

Liga Nacional B

It was announced by LFPB that, due to the change of football in First Division, Copa Simon Bolivar would be replaced by Liga Nacional B which consists of thirteen clubs, the champions from each department except for Tarija which would have two clubs (Champions and runner-up), the last two relegated teams from First division and the winners of Torneo Nacional Provincial. La Paz Football Association and Oruro Football Association Championship were against this change, however the National Football Association and Bolivian Football Federation approved this change in Bolivian Football.

List of Regional Championships

Beni Football Association Championship

Chuquisaca Football Association Championship

Cochabamba Football Association Championship

La Paz Football Association Championships

1914 : The Strongest
1915 : Colegio Militar
1916 : The Strongest
1917 : The Strongest
1918-21 : No competition
1922 : The Strongest
1923 : The Strongest
1924 : The Strongest
1925 : The Strongest
1926 : No competition
1927 : Nimbles Sport
1928 : Colegio Militar
1929 : Universitario (La Paz)
1930 : The Strongest
1931 : Nimbles Sport
1932 : Bolívar
1933 : No competition
1934 : No competition
1935 : The Strongest
1936 : Ayacucho
1937 : Bolívar
1938 : The Strongest
1939 : Bolívar
1940 : Bolívar
1941 : Bolívar
1942 : Bolívar
1943 : The Strongest
1944 : Ferroviario
1945 : The Strongest
1946 : The Strongest
1947 : CD Lítoral
1948 : CD Lítoral
1949 : CD Lítoral
1950 : Bolívar
1951 : Always Ready
1952 : The Strongest
1953 : Bolívar
1954 : CD Litoral
1955 : San José
1956 : Bolívar
1957 : Always Ready
1958 : Wilstermann
1959 : Wilstermann
1960 : Wilstermann
1961 : Deportivo Municipal
1962 : Chaco Petrolero
1963 : The Strongest
1964 : The Strongest
1965 : Municipal
1966 : Bolívar
1967 : Bolívar
1968 : Always Ready
1969 : Bolívar
1970 : The Strongest
1971 : The Strongest
1972 : Litoral
1973 : Municipal
1974 : The Strongest
1975 : 31 De Octubre
1976 : Bolívar
1977 : 31 De Octubre
1978 : 31 De Octubre
1979 : No competition
1980 : Unión Maestranza
1981 : Chaco Petrolero
1982 : Mariscal Braun
1983 : Litoral
1984 : No competition
1985 : No competition
1986 : Always Ready
1987 : Chaco Petrolero
1988 : Mariscal Braun

1989 To Present

Oruro Football Association Championship

Pando Football Association Championship

Potosí Football Association Championship

Santa Cruz Football Association Championship

Tarija Football Association Championship

References

External links

 http://www.actiweb.es/5cienty/8.html

3
Bol


Lillian Glacier was located in the Olympic Mountains in Olympic National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. The remnants of the glacier are in a cirque below McCartney Peak. Between 1905 and 2010, the Lillian Glacier melted away most likely because of global warming.

See also
List of glaciers in the United States

References

Glaciers of the Olympic Mountains
Glaciers of Jefferson County, Washington
Glaciers of Washington (state)


A voice engine is a software subsystem for bidirectional audio communication, typically used as part of a telecommunications system to simulate a telephone.  It functions like a data pump for audio data, specifically voice data.  The voice engine is typically used in an embedded system.

The term became popularized after 2000 with the proliferation of voice over internet protocol technology in software DSP systems. Voice engines handle the voice processing for an IP Phone system on a standard processor, compared to prior generations of systems which required dedicated, math-optimized digital signal processor chips.

Voice engines are highly optimized software subsystems due to the mathematically complex signal processing required for voice filtering and speech coding.  The filter stages and coding elements within a voice engine are designed to work in conjunction with a larger telecommunications system, including only a specific and limited range of processing to minimize the voice engine's memory size and processor usage.  Compared to software desktop applications which might employ plugins to continually add flexibility or extensibility, a voice engine is designed to meet specific industry standards for interoperability.

References

Broadband
Voice over IP


Anjoman-e Eslami (Islamic Association, also Anjoman-e Eslami-ye Daneshjouyan Islamic Association of Students) is an Islamic student association in Iran that has backed Iranian reformers such as former President Mohammad Khatami and sponsored lectures by Abdol Karim Soroush and other prominent reformists.

The association was founded in 1941 in the medical college of University of Tehran by Ataolah Shahabpur. It is said to have "formed part of the radical Islamic statists that constituted Khomeini's inner circle" after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.  Following the death of Khomeini they were elbowed aside by Islamic conservatives for positions of power. Anjoman-e-Eslami is said to have shifted its position in favor of democracy around 1994.

Today the group is Islamic in religion and leftist in its economic views, but "avowedly democratic in its political outlook."

Sources
 The Soul of Iran, Molavi, Afshin, Norton, (2005)

References

Student organizations established in 1941
Student political organisations of Iran
Freedom Movement of Iran


Alessandro Morbidelli (born May 2, 1966) is an Italian astronomer and planetary scientist who is currently employed by the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur in Nice.

Morbidelli specialises in Solar System dynamics, especially planetary formation and migration and the structure of the asteroid and Kuiper belts.

In 2000, he received the Urey Prize from the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society.

On 17 November 2015, Morbidelli was elected a foreign member of the French Académie des Sciences.

In 2018, he received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France.

Publications
 Jewitt D., Morbidelli A., Rauer H., "Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets", Springer, 2008

References

External links
 Talk of Alessandro Morbidelli at the Origins 2011 congress

21st-century Italian astronomers
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1966 births
Living people

Planetary scientists


The 1777 New York gubernatorial election was held in June 1777 to elect the governor and the lieutenant governor.

History
The election began on June 1, but due to the American Revolution it took some time to collect and count the votes, and the official result was announced on July 9. George Clinton accepted the office of Governor on July 11 and assumed its duties immediately, pending to take the oath as soon as he could safely leave his military command. He took the oath of office on July 30.

There were no parties yet, as the Democratic-Republican and Federalist Parties appeared only in 1792. Until then the candidacies were based on personal recognition. The concepts of "running mates" also did not apply in this election, with candidates running separately for Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The New York Committee of Safety endorsed Philip Schuyler for Governor and George Clinton for Lieutenant Governor.

Candidates
Candidates for Governor included:
Brigadier General George Clinton
Major General Philip Schuyler
Brigadier General and member of the New York Provincial Congress John Morin Scott
Member of the New York Provincial Congress John Jay

Candidates for Lieutenant Governor included:
Brigadier General George Clinton
Member of the New York Provincial Congress Pierre Van Cortlandt
Colonel and member of the New York Provincial Congress Abraham Ten Broeck.

Result
George Clinton was elected both Governor and Lieutenant Governor. Clinton formally resigned the lieutenant governorship, leaving a vacancy. State Senator Pierre Van Cortlandt was elected President pro tempore of the State Senate, and acted as Lieutenant Governor until the end of the legislative year. Van Cortlandt was then elected in a special election and took office as Lieutenant Governor on June 30, 1778.

Notes

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1777
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1770s
Gubernatorial


The 1780 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1780 to elect the Governor of New York and the Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Results
Incumbent Governor George Clinton and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt were re-elected unopposed.

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1780
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s
Gubernatorial


The 1783 New York gubernatorial election was held in April/May 1783 to elect the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The incumbent George Clinton ran for re-election. New York State Surveyor General Philip Schuyler and state senator Ephraim Paine also ran for governor.

Incumbent Pierre Van Cortlandt was the only candidate for lieutenant governor.

Results
The incumbents Clinton and Van Cortlandt were elected.

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1783
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s
Gubernatorial


The 1786 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1786 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Results
Incumbent Governor George Clinton and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt were re-elected unopposed.

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1786
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s
Gubernatorial


LBSC may refer to:
 California State University, Long Beach, California, United States
 Curly Lawrence (1883–1967), British model steam locomotive designer who wrote under the pen name 'L.B.S.C.'
 London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, a former English railway company


The 1789 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1789 to elect the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
Incumbent George Clinton and justice of the New York Supreme Court Robert Yates, both members of the Anti-Administration faction, ran for Governor.

Incumbent Pierre Van Cortlandt was the only candidate for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
Clinton and Van Cortlandt were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor respectively.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1789
New York
Gubernatorial


The 1792 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1792 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent George Clinton. They nominated incumbent Pierre Van Cortlandt for lieutenant governor.

The Federalist Party nominated Chief Justice of the United States John Jay. They nominated state senator Stephen Van Rensselaer for lieutenant governor.

Results
John Jay received more votes than George Clinton, but on technicalities the votes of Otsego, Tioga and Clinton counties were disqualified and not canvassed, giving George Clinton a slight majority in the official result.

Under the Constitution of 1777, the votes were canvassed by a joint committee of the New York State Legislature, six members each from the Assembly and the Senate. The members were David Gelston, Thomas Tillotson, Melancton Smith, Daniel Graham, Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr., David McCarty, Jonathan N. Havens, Samuel Jones, Isaac Roosevelt, Leonard Gansevoort and Joshua Sands. The state constitution said that the cast ballots shall be delivered to the Secretary of State "by the sheriff or his deputy". The ballots from Otsego County were forwarded to the secretary of state by Sheriff Smith who was holding over in office until the appointment of a successor after his term had expired. The ballot box from Clinton County was delivered to the secretary of state's office by a person without a written deputation who had received the box from the sheriff. The ballot box from Tioga County was delivered to the secretary of state by the clerk of the special deputy appointed by the sheriff.

The canvass committee disagreed on whether to allow these ballots to be counted or not. The question was referred to the United States senators from New York, Federalist Rufus King and Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr, for arbitration. King said all votes ought to be canvassed, Burr said that the ballots from Clinton County ought to be allowed, the ones from Otsego and Tioga counties should be rejected. Thereupon, a majority of the canvass committee (Gelston, Tillotson, Smith, Graham, Van Cortlandt, McCarty, Havens) rejected the ballots from all three counties and declared George Clinton duly elected governor by a majority of 108 votes. Van Cortlandt was elected lieutenant governor.

The minority (Jones, Roosevelt, Gansevoort, Sands) protested in writing. In Otsego County, John Jay had a majority of about 400, and discounting the small majorities for Clinton in Tioga and Clinton counties, would have won the election. Clinton was accused by the Federalists of usurpation and the canvass committee of having made a partisan decision against the wishes of the electorate.

Notes

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1792
New York
Gubernatorial


The 35th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised during World War I as part of General Kitchener's fourth New Army. Its infantry was originally composed of Bantams, that is soldiers who would otherwise be excluded from service due to their short stature. The division served on the Western Front from early 1916, and was disbanded in 1919.

History

Formation and training
Originally authorised by the War Office for the Fifth New Army (K5) as the 42nd Division in December 1914, it was renumbered as the 35th Division of the Fourth New Army in April 1915 when the original Fourth New Army formations were repurposed to provide training and replacements for the first three Armies. The Bantam experiment had begun in late 1914, with short but strong men recruited from labour-intensive industries. Sufficient numbers were raised for the infantry of a division and part of another (the 40th Division). Other units were not bantams; the artillery was raised locally, in Aberdeen (CLVII (157th) Brigade), Burnley and Accrington (CLVIII (158th) Brigade), Glasgow (CLIX (159th) Brigade) and West Ham (CLXIII (163rd) Brigade). By June 1915, the division had begun to congregate at Masham in Yorkshire and in August it was moved to Salisbury Plain. It had become apparent that a small number of the bantams were not physically strong enough for military duties, but instead of being dismissed, they were sent to the regimental depots. In late 1915 the division was ordered to equip for a move to Egypt, but this was cancelled, and between 29 and 31 January 1916 the division moved to France.

1916

The division headquarters opened in France on 31 January, at Château de Nieppe  east of Saint-Omer. Part of XI Corps, on 5 February the division began to send officers and N.C.O.s to the front line to begin Trench warfare training and to move closer to the line in the Armentières sector. By mid February, in weather that was alternating rain and snow, infantry battalions and gunners from the 158th and 163rd Artillery Brigades were detached to front line divisions for further training, initially, the 17th Royal Scots and 17th West Yorks to 19th (Western) Division, and 17th and 18th Lancashire Fusiliers and 23rd Manchesters under the 38th (Welsh) Division. The first battlefield casualty of the division occurred on 20 February to a man of the 17th West Yorks.

Aubers Ridge area

On 7 March the division took over a part of the front line near Festubert  east of Béthune, with 104th Brigade relieving the 58th Brigade of the 19th Division, the 106th Brigade relieved the 57th Brigade and was still under order of the 19th Division, the 105th Brigade was still training under the 38th Division. The division's artillery was gradually withdrawn from its instructing units and was fully formed by mid-March. On 13 March the Germans detonated a mine under the 18th H.L.I., killing or wounding 60 men. The battalion held firm and the first bravery award to a man of the division is recorded (an M.C.). The division's first trench raid was carried out by a 53 strong party from the 17th Lancashire Fusiliers, it was forced to retire as the Germans had been alerted and the allocation of only 30 rounds of ammunition per gun to the 157th and 158th Artillery Brigades was insufficient to support or adequately cut the wire. Remaining in the line, in late March the division 'side slipped' north east to a position opposite Aubers Ridge, relieving part of 8th Division, and by early April all three brigades had been in the line under 35th Divisional control. In mid April the division was moved again, this time south to the Neuve-Chapelle and Ferme Du Bois area, where it instructed parties from the 1st Australian Division in trench warfare after its arrival from Egypt. During its time in this sector the division conducted numerous patrols in no-mans-land, and the artillery, which was reorganised on 14 May to have three identical brigades, each with one howitzer battery, exchanged at times intense fire with the Germans. On 28 May the division took over the Festubert sector from the 39th Division, requiring all three brigades in the line. On 30 May a well planned German artillery barrage destroyed, then isolated, part of the line occupied by the 15th Sherwood Foresters, enabling a German raiding party to carry off the wounded in that area as prisoners. between 11 and 17 June the division (except for the artillery and trench mortars) was relieved by the 39th and 61st (2nd South Midland) Divisions, and moved west to the Busnes-Hinges area,  north west of Béthune.

The Somme

On 29 June the last of the dispersed artillery rejoined the division, and by 2 July was en route to Bouquemaison,  north of Albert. The division's engineer and pioneers were attached to the 29th, 48th and 4th Divisions, and some of the division's officers reconnoitred the area north of Albert for a planned division attack there as part of the Somme battles. The division was now part of VIII Corps of Third Army. On 10 July these plans were cancelled, and the division was transferred to XIII Corps and marched south as part of the corps reserve, with the division headquarters at Morlancourt,  south of Albert. Except for a brief period, the division was not to be deployed as a whole during its time on the Somme. On 14 July the 105th was placed under orders of the 18th (Eastern) Division, and the 106th Brigade under the 9th (Scottish) Division in spite of the corps commander's reluctance for this type of deployment.

Delville Wood

On the night of 16–17 July the 105th Brigade relieved parts of the 54th and 55th Brigades of 18th Division, and by 18 July the 15th Sherwood Foresters had relieved the 7th Buffs in the trenches south of Trônes Wood, while part of the 16th Cheshires, some machine gunners and the pioneers took over Waterlot Farm on the Longueval-Guillemont road. By the afternoon of that day despite the heavy mud and artillery bombardment, they had beaten off an attack by some 300 Germans on the farm from Guillemont to the south east, and a battalion-sized attack from Delville Wood, using fire from carefully sited Vickers and Lewis guns to the west and east of the farm. The next day the positions east of the farm were heavily bombarded and pushed back, and when the battalion was withdrawn on 20 July it had suffered 35 officers and men killed, 194 wounded and 7 missing.

It had been decided on 19 July that the brigade would attack from the positions held by the 15th Sherwood Foresters, to the east on the next day (20 July), however communications between the brigade headquarters and the battalions was difficult due to their dispersion and continual German artillery fire. The 15th Sherwood Foresters had been under gas and artillery attack, and only two companies were fit for action. Reinforced by only two companies from the 23rd Manchesters, the attack was reduced to an assault on two specific targets, Maltz Horn Farm and Arrowhead Copse, without observed artillery support due to the lay of the land. Illuminated by the rising sun, both attacks by the 15th Sherwood Foresters were beaten back. However the French attacking on the right had made progress and so were left with an exposed flank, so a second attack by the 23rd Manchesters was made later in the morning. Although reaching the German trench, it was on a forward slope, facing the Germans, and intense machine gun fire forced a retirement. Losses to attacking companies were 375 killed wounded and missing. The brigade was relieved on 21 July by 104th Brigade and 8th Brigade of the 3rd Division.

All three brigades were employed in the Delville Wood salient, either consolidating trenches or in the front line the 18th H.L.I. at Montauban quarry on 17 July, 19th D.L.I. at Longueval, the 104th Brigade opposite Maltz Horn Farm and Guillemont between 20 and 24 July, when it was heavily shelled after an attack on Guillemont by 30th Division. It was relieved by the 105th Brigade on 25 July. The 106th Brigade supported an advance east of Trônes Wood on 30–31 July.

The infantry brigades were withdrawn from the front and billeted in villages on the Somme around  west of Amiens. The artillery brigades remained to support further actions and were not withdrawn until mid-August. The infantry absorbed new drafts, however, these contained some of those rejected during the division's formation and others of the bantam type were no longer strong, there being a limited supply of this kind of man.

The division returned to the Delville Wood salient on 9 August, in control of its own units, relieving parts of the 3rd and 24th Divisions. When not in the line the men were formed into working parties moving supplies and consolidating trenches. On 21 August a planned attack by the 105th Brigade towards Guillemont was stopped by heavy artillery fire initially believed to have been 'shorts' from the British, but later learned to have been Germans firing from the area of Le Sars. It was now that doubts were voiced about the quality of the new bantams. On 24 August the 17th Lancashire Fusiliers advanced the line some  east towards Combles in line with the French 1st Division. On 30 August the infantry of the division was relieved by the 5th Division, the pioneers remained in the line for two more days.

Arras
On 1 September the division was transferred to the Arras sector under IV Corps and relieved the 21st Division with all three brigades in the line. The pioneers arrived on 6 September and the artillery on 10 September. Although supposedly resting after the Somme battles (as it was assumed were the Germans in this sector), there was patrolling in no-mans-land, trench raiding, with mixed results and an increase in the use of trench mortars by both sides. The effect of the trench mortaring was to continually damage, and in some cases destroy the trench system, despite being continually repaired, and as the weather worsened this repair became increasingly difficult and eventually could not be maintained.

In the early hours of 26 November, a trench raid was planned by the 19th D.L.I., in preparation the manning was thinned out in the front line for the inevitable artillery and mortar retaliation. Instead, three areas were subject to intense trench mortaring and raids by the Germans themselves, those in the 105th Brigade area, the 17th Lancashire Fusiliers and coincidentally the 19th D.L.I.. In these raids numbers of the 17th Lancashire Fusiliers were thought to have swiftly surrendered, and a corporal and a sergeant of the 19th D.L.I. deserted their posts. The raid on the 105th Brigade area was not successful, the planned raid by the 19th D.L.I. took place, and while some men reached the Germans trench, most were stopped in no-mans-land by their own covering artillery barrage and their demoralisation due to the previous hours events. A raid the next night on the 15th Sherwood Foresters gained the Germans a prisoner. These events reinforced the complaints of commanding officers about the quality of the recent 'bantam' replacements.

End of the bantam experiment
Between 1 and 5 December the division was relieved by the 9th (Scottish) Division, and was moved to an area  east of Arras. Here it supplied working parties to the Army engineers, tunnelling companies and signals troops. Inspections were also carried out with a view to weeding out those unfit for duty or active service, and between 8 and 21 December 2,784 men were reported as unfit for infantry duty and marked down for eventual posting to the rear lines. They were to be replaced by men from disbanded yeomanry regiments and the cavalry training depot, a depot battalion was arranged in the division to train them for the front line. There remained a steadily dwindling number of the original, strong, bantams in the division for the rest of the war. The division was no longer to call itself a bantam division and the division sign of a red cockerel was replaced with the 'seven fives' sign.

1917
The first of the replacements joined the division on 4 January, and numbered 1,350 by mid January.

Hindenburg Line

Between 5 and 17 February, the division was moved south by a series of marches to the Caix sector,  east of Amiens, relieving the French 154th Division. On 23 February, attempting to disrupt the relief, the Germans mounted a raid on the 105th Brigade front, in retaliation the Germans received the fire from both the French and British division's artillery, as the French had not yet left the line. An early thaw made conditions muddy and difficult, with Trench foot appearing in the division.

The Germans conducted many trench raids on the division front, with the British high command believing this was a defensive cover for the planned retreat to the Hindenburg Line. In early March, the final batch of men unsuitable for infantry were sent to rear lines, and some additional men were classified as untrained and sent to the depot battalion for training. This left some battalions under-strength, with the 15th Cheshires having only 400 rifles. On 17 March, after supporting a French attack to the south and noting the lack of a response, the 17th West Yorkshires entered the German front line trench and reported it empty. By the end of the day the division had pushed forward , but by late 18 March the division was ordered to halt. It was in converging line of advance, and the divisions either side (the 61st and 32nd) continued the advance with the division's 157th and 159th Artillery Brigades attached. The division was put to work salvaging and repairing road and rail communications in the area.

By the end of March, the infantry was billeted along east of the Somme, and on 9 April the division received order to relieve the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division. By 12 April the relief had been completed under German bombardment with all battalions of the 104th and 106th brigades in the line reporting casualties. The line ran for approximately  north west from Fresnoy-le-Petit,  from Saint-Quentin. The division was to conduct patrolling and raiding in this area of the Hindenburg line until its relief on 19 May by the French 87th Division.

Epéhy
On 22 May the division head-quarters opened in Péronne, with the front line occupied initially by the 104th and 106th brigades at Villers-Guislain by 26 May, on what was to become later in the year the Cambrai battlefield. The division remained here consolidating the trenches, which in some places were a series of disconnected outposts, and patrolling, until relieved by the 40th Division on 2 July.

The Division moved  south, and went into a line of approximately  east of the village of Épehy, relieving the two brigades of the 2nd Cavalry Division on 6 July. The line in this sector was also largely made up of disconnected outposts, and the brigades began to connect and wire then into a continuous line. Seemingly in response to this work, the Germans mounted a number of trench raids, one of which lead to 92 casualties including a number in the 19th Northumberland Fusiliers who were helping to consolidate the trenches. The division was alerted to other trench raids by deserters, and on the night of 19–20 July these were beaten off by the 17th Royal Scots and 19th D.L.I., in spite of preparatory bombardment. Raiding and counter-raiding continued, especially around a section of trenches known as "the Birdcage" roughly in the centre of the division's line, and a small hill known as "the Knoll",  to the south east, which gave the Germans an observation over the British lines.

From the end of July planning was started for a raid which would gain control of the Knoll and lead to British views over the German lines and rear areas. It would take advantage of a build up of heavy artillery in the corps area (III Corps). On 17 August counter-battery and wire cutting bombardment began, and on 19 August, preceded by a rolling barrage across a  front, the 15th Sherwood Foresters and 15th Cheshires advanced and took the now almost German obliterated trench. Casualties, including to the 16th Cheshires and 14th Gloucestershire in support were 52 killed, 166 wounded and 12 missing. Work began on a new front line and communication trenches, and the Germans began shelling the area. Early on 21 August, by which time the artillery support had been thinned out, the Germans made a determined attempt to recapture the trench, now held by the 14th Gloucestershires, using Flamethrowers in the attack. Initially forced back, time for a successful counterattack was gained by a severely burned 2nd Lieutenant Hardy Falconer Parsons, who held back the Germans using grenades. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for this action.

In the early morning of 30 August, aided by a ground mist and the withdrawal of much of the Corps artillery to other areas, the Germans mounted an attack and retook the Knoll and other high ground in the area. Trench raiding by both sides continued until the division was relieved by the 55th (West Lancashire) Division on the night of 2–3 October. Indicative of the losses sustained by the division, in mid September the 18th H.L.I. received a draft of 234 officers and men from the disbanded Glasgow Yeomanry (~25% of a nominal battalion strength), and was renamed as the 18th (Royal Glasgow Yeomanry) Battalion H.L.I.

Ypres

At the start of October the infantry were billeted west of Arras, and the artillery east of Peronne, here they rested, refitted and trained. By the middle of October they had been moved by train, north to the rear area of the Ypres Salient, and by 16 October the 104th and 105th Brigades had relieved the 3rd Guards Brigade and 2nd Guards Brigade respectively opposite the Houthulst Forest, in the northern part of the salient,  north east of Ypres. The division line was between a point on the Ypres-Staden railway approximately  from Langemark,  eastward on a north curving line. The artillery was in the Steenbek valley a short distance south west of Langemark. To the left of the division was the French 2nd Division and to the right the 34th Division. The weather and constant shelling had turned the area into a swampy morass of water filled shell holes which was difficult to traverse and made supply to the front difficult, but which had the benefit of muffling the effects of heavy shells.

The division's first set piece attack since the Somme was to be made on 22 October as part of the general battle to remove the Germans from the high ground around Ypres. The division's attack was not on that ridge, but on the flatter ground some  west of it. The 104th Brigade was to attack on the right with the 23rd Manchesters on the right flank in contact with the 101st Brigade of 34th Division and 17th Lancasters to their left. The 105th Brigade attacked with the 16th Cheshires on the right, and the 14th Cheshires on the left flank in contact with the French. The 106th Brigade was kept in reserve as it was still numerically weak.

In the early morning of 22 October the attacking battalions formed up in the wet and cold weather in advance of the front line to escape the usual dawn bombardment. The objective for the day was a line some  forward, and  wider than the start line, to cover this the 18th Lancashire Fusiliers would advance into the gap left by the diverging 17th Lancashire Fusiliers and 23rd Manchesters on the right. On the right the 23rd Manchesters, advancing behind a rolling barrage, starting at 05:35 hrs, which moved at  every eight minutes, lost contact with the 34th Division as it had been prevented from taking a forward position due to heavy German bombardment. The advance wave reached its objective but came under heavy enfilading machine gun fire from the right and an overlooked set of huts, and so the remaining 50 unwounded men under command of a Company sergeant major were gradually withdrawn to the start line. The advancing wave in this battalion had suffered 204 killed, wounded and missing officers and men. The 17th Lancashire Fusiliers advanced and three companies reached the objective by 06:45 hrs. However one company from the 18th Lancashire Fusiliers lost direction, and then advanced too far into the forest, and was subject to flanking fire from the right. Another company of the 18th Lancashire Fusiliers maintained contact with the 17th battalion, however, the Corps commander, on learning of this ordered two companies of the 20th Lancashire Fusiliers into the line on the right.

The 16th Cheshires, in the centre left of the line, had difficulty keeping up with the barrage due to the state of the ground, and were held up by a number of strong points, however the left of their line reached the objective, with the remainder stopped by a block-house on the line. The 14th Gloucesters had advanced and reached the objective at 06:15 hrs. The division line was now on the objective line on the left, with an inward bulge about the block-house facing the 16th Cheshires, on the right part of the 17th Lancashires were at the objective, the rest of the line turned to face (approximately) north east, until the line reached the starting point of the 23rd Manchesters. Orders were issued that the ground captured was to be held with no new attacks to increase it.

At 16:30 hrs the Germans launched a counter-attack around the block-house in front of the 16th Cheshires. The Germans broke through and for a time three companies of the 16th Cheshires and one of the 15th Sherwood Foresters were almost surrounded, and were compelled to withdraw to the start line. The 18th Lancashires were now in a thin salient and also fell back to the start line. The attack on the 14th Gloucestershires was broken up by artillery fire and a new right flank was formed by them refusing their flank and by a platoon of the 15th Sherwood Foresters assisting. An attack on the Lancashire battalions was weakened by artillery fire while it was forming up in the Houthulst Forest and it was beaten off.

The weather and ground conditions were beginning to exhaust the men, and the assaulting battalions were relieved. Early on the morning of 23 October a raid by the 20th Lancashires on the huts that had fired on the advance the previous day was a partial success, capturing one post but then coming under retaliatory artillery fire. Later that morning a German attack at the junction of the 15th Cheshires and the French division on the left, this was stopped with artillery and rifle fire and 20 prisoners were taken. That night the centre of the line was pushed forwards some  and consolidated. In the early days of November, during its relief by the 18th (Eastern) Division, the 106th Brigade came under heavy gas attack resulting in 138 casualties to the 19th D.L.I. on the night of 3–4 November. Between 18 and 29 October the division had suffered 368 killed, 1734 wounded and 462 missing, by the time the 17th West Yorks left the line they had been reduced a company strength. The artillery remained in the area as part of the Corps artillery group, supporting attacks by other divisions and on 6 and 7 November fired in support of operations around Passchendaele.

The infantry were rested briefly around Poperinge and when they went back into the line on 16 November the 17th West Yorks had been replaced with the 4th Battalion (Extra Reserve) North Staffordshire Regiment. The division relieved the 58th (2/1st London) Division north of Poelkapelle, as part of II Corps between 1st Division on the right and 17th (Northern) Division on the left. The division remained in the line until the night of 8–9 December, suffering from the deteriorating weather as well as being subject to bombardment and attempted German trench raids. Relieved by the 58th (2/1st London) Division and rejoined by its artillery, the division would spend the remainder of the year near Poperinge, with details assisting the Army engineers in the area.

1918
The division returned to the line on 8 January, relieving the 58th (2/1st London) Division east of Poelkapelle. The weather was cold and wet, and heavy rain on 15 and 16 January flooded a battery of the 159th Artillery Brigade, washing dead horses into its position. Initially on the left of the Corps' front, by 22 January the Division was holding the whole of the line with two brigades. The Germans attempted few trench raids, however one on the Kaiser's birthday (27 January), succeeded in taking three men as prisoners. In early February the division was reorganised into a three battalion per brigade structure, caused by manpower shortages, some political in origin. The 20th Lancashire Fusiliers and 23rd Manchesters from the 104th Brigade, and the 16th Cheshires and 14th Gloucestershires from 105th Brigade were disbanded and the officers and men used to reinforce other battalions of the respective regiments (some of the 23rd Manchesters went to form the 12th Entrenching battalion. The division received the 12th Battalion H.L.I., joining the 106th Brigade and the 4th North Staffs. moved from there to the 105th Brigade, and the 19th D.L.I. going to the 104th Brigade. The division remained in this area, rejoined by the other divisions of II Corps in the line on 8 February. Trench raiding was carried out, with four separate raids carried out on the night of 28 February by the 105th Brigade. The results were mixed but included three prisoners, and the trench raiding continued up to 7 March. The division was relieved on 9 March by brigades from the 1st and 32nd Divisions, and went into camps north and north west of Poperinge.

Spring Offensive

The Allies knew that the Germans would attempt an offensive with troops freed from the Eastern front, and as part of the defensive measures the division was put to work on the Army line in the region north of Ypres. On 21 March the division was put on alert to move at short notice, and on 23 March the division began to move south.

The Somme (1918)

The division now came under orders of VII Corps of the Fifth Army. The division was ordered to relieve the 21st Division then on the Cléry-Bouchavesnes ridge just north of the Somme, some  north of Péronne. The first to arrive at Maricourt ( north west of Péronne) were elements of the 105th Brigade in the early evening of 23 March. By the early morning of 24 March the 21st division had been forced off the ridge and the brigade was placed under its orders. The 15th Cheshires and 15th Sherwood Foresters retook the high ground lost the previous day, with the Cheshires anchored on the right on the Somme but in doing so became separated with the Sherwood Foresters having an open left flank, and by the afternoon had suffered heavy casualties and were in danger of being overrun. They were extracted with the aid of the 17th Royal Scots, a pair of tanks and a Canadian Motor Machine Gun Battery and withdrew by the evening to the line between the villages of Curlu, Hardencourt and just to the east of Montauban-de-Picardy  south-east to north-east of Maricourt. By this time General Franks had assumed command of the 9th (Scottish) and 21st divisions in this part of the line. The remainder of the division had arrived in the area by the evening when the division headquarters was ordered to move to the rear from Maricourt to Bray-sur-Somme  to the south east. The exception was the artillery which was delayed, however the division's artillery commander was given command of the (remains of) 9th (Scottish) and 21st division's artillery and a number of Army artillery brigades deployed around Maricourt.

Early on 25 March, the Germans found a weakly held part of the line south-east of Montauban-de-Picardy and forced back a detachment from the 12th H.L.I. back on to the 18th H.L.I in a valley between Carnoy and Montauban-de-Picardy. South of this action the remainder of the 12th H.L.I. resisted the German attacks and took 70 prisoners and 16 machine guns in counter attacks. South of Hardencourt the 15th Cheshires, 15th Sherwood Foresters and 17th Royal Scots held their line against German attacks but suffered considerable casualties from German artillery. Late in the morning the line was extended north of Montauban-de-Picardy, by two companies of the 19th N.F. and a late arriving company of the 17th Royal Scots, together with the 8th Hussars. In the afternoon the Germans attacked north of Hardencourt and after a series of attacks and counter attacks succeeded in pushing the line back so as to enfilade the British line to the south, which was subsequently pulled back. In these and previous engagements of the day the actions of Colonel W H Anderson earned him a (posthumous) Victoria Cross. In the evening orders were received by the division to retire to a line along the Albert - Bray-sur-Somme road, between  and  east of Maricourt due to German advances further north. During the retirement the opportunity was taken to restore units to their brigades.

Division headquarters reopened at Sailly-Lauette  south-east of Bray-sur-Somme early on 26 March. The line it commanded consisted of a composite brigade formed from the 21st Division in Bray, to the north, the 104th Brigade, then the 105th, in support was the 106th (with the 19th N.F. attached) with the 12th H.L.I. linking the 105th brigade and the 9th (Scottish) Division between Méaulte and Albert. Orders from VII Corps were that fighting for the line was not to become so involved that a retirement across the Ancre river was possible. The Germans began to probe the line in the mid morning, and by early afternoon the whole line was engaged with heavy supporting artillery fire. In accordance with the agreed plan the 21st Division composite brigade began to retire at 2pm, followed by the 104th Brigade at 2.45pm and the 105th at 3.15pm, passing through the 106th Brigade which was deployed east and north of Morlancourt  east of Bray-sur-Somme. The 9th (Scottish) Division was already on the north bank of the Ancre. During this movement, orders were received from Fifth Army that no retirement was to occur unless tactically necessary. This appeared to contradict earlier orders, and General Franks and the Brigade commanders were of the opinion that the tired troops could not reoccupy the Bray-Albert line from where they were now, and the order was given to continue the withdrawal to the Ancre. This was complete by 7.30pm when the last of the rear guard (12th H.L.I.) crossed the Ancre.

Orders had been received from VII Corps at 6.18pm to hold the Bray-Albert line and that any retirement was to be in the angle of the Somme and Ancre rivers. General Marindin prepared his 105th Brigade, who were short of ammunition and enjoying their first hot meal in days, while informing General Franks he thought the operation had little chance of success. VII Corps cancelled the order, but not before the 4th Staffords had re-crossed the Ancre and skirmished with some German working parties at Morlancourt before being recalled. In the early hours of 27 March General Marindin replaced General Franks as division commander as it was considered that he had misinterpreted the orders on 26 March. The division was now on the north bank of the Ancre, protected by a railway embankment, with outposts over the river, between Dernancourt and Ribemont-sur-Ancre, a south-east facing line  long. That evening, after initial German probing was broken up by the division's artillery positioned around Bresle  north-east of the line of the Ancre, the 19th N.F. relieved the weakened South African Brigade on the division's left flank. The 1st Cavalry Division held the remaining angle between the Somme and the Ancre.

With the withdrawal of the 21st Division and the South Africans, the division was now flanked by Australians, the 3rd Division on the right flank and the 4th Division on the left flank. On 28 March the Germans strongly attacked the junction of the 19th N.F. and the 47th Australian Battalion behind Dernancourt, exploiting a road bridge piercing the embankment. As many machine guns as possible were deployed in this sector, with some on the southern side of the embankment, ammunition for which grew scarce due to a German bombardment  to the rear hindering resupply. At 10:25am, with another attack apparently imminent, two companies of the 19th N.F. totalling only around 100 men pre-empted the next German assault. Assaults in the morning against the 104th Brigade around Treux  east of Ribemont were broken up by artillery, machine gun and rifle fire. The Germans continued to shell the area for the rest of the day. After a relatively quiet two days for the division, the Australian Divisions closed up and relieved the 35th from its position on the Ancre. The division's artillery was placed under command of the 3rd Australian Division. In its eight days in the Somme area the division lost, killed wounded and missing, 90 officers and 1450 men.

The division was dispersed and billeted a few miles behind the line of the Ancre while the Germans attacked toward Amiens. A German attack on 4 April on the Ancre involved the division's artillery supporting the Australians from around Bresel, and 106th Brigade who moved into reserve trenches between Bresel and Baisieux  north of the Ancre. By 8 April the division had transferred to V Corps and moved North to Aveluy Wood  north of Albert.

Aveluy Wood
Aveluy Wood was a relatively undamaged wood with thick undergrowth on high ground on the west bank of the Ancre. The Germans had occupied the south east corner of the wood from 27–28 April, and the village of Aveluy approximately  south-east of the division's line. The division's line south of the wood ran along high ground, which made supporting artillery fire into the area beyond difficult. The rear areas and billets in the villages of Martinsart and Bouzincourt were frequently shelled by long range German guns. On 16 April the division's artillery knocked down the Leaning Virgin on the Basilica in Albert.

After some trench raiding in the difficult terrain of a still growing wood, the division and the 38th (Welsh) Division were tasked with taking the remainder of the wood and the wood and the valley to the south. For this operation the 104th Brigade was placed under orders of the 38th Division. In spite of support by additional divisional, corps and army artillery brigades the advances made by the 104th and 105th brigades were small, and cost the division 325 officers and men killed, wounded and missing. The division was relieved in the first few days of May, except for the artillery which remained in the line and was subject to a gas attack on the night of 10–11 May. Some of the infantry was detailed to work of the defensive Purple Line to the rear.

The division returned to the Aveluy line on 19 and 20 May, relieving the 38th (Welsh) Division. Activity in the area had increased, with trench raids made by both sides and considerable artillery exchanges, including the use of gas. An attack was planned for 1 June to take that south-eastern part of the wood not in British hands, and a ravine to the south of the wood. The plan called for the artillery support of the 58th (2/1st) London Division (in the line to the south, the 18th (Western) Division to the north) and the release of gas and smoke, in the event the wind was unfavourable. In spite of the preparations the heavy undergrowth, concealing German machine gun positions and heavy artillery fire resulted in the early small gains of the 104th Brigade and the supporting two platoons of pioneers and 203rd Engineer company being driven back by the afternoon. Almost all of the pioneers became casualties retreating across the southern ravine, but many of the wounded were recovered by the rest of the battalion. The attack cost the brigade 36 dead, 245 wounded and 75 missing, 77 prisoners were taken, with others killed by German shelling after reaching British lines. The division was subject to an increased level of German shelling for its remaining time at Aveluy Wood, when it was relieved by the 12th Division between 15 and 17 June.

The division rested and retrained around Raincheval and Puchevillers, some  east of Aveluy Wood, with working parties rotated out for work on the in-depth defence lines. An outbreak of influenza swept through the division and the whole army in France. At the end of the month the division entrained for Ypres sector.

Ypres
The division transferred to XIX Corps (tactically under the French XVI Corps), and between 3–6 July relieved the French 71st Division in the Loker sector  south-west of Ypres. The village of Loker was now on the front line after the German offensive Operation Georgette and was overlooked by the German held Kemmelberg some  south-west of Ypres, which was itself on the front line, still in British hands. The division had orders, with the other divisions in the area not to give any ground, as this would endanger the British hold on Ypres. Operations were confined to trench raiding, by both sides, and artillery duels in which the division lost some guns. A small advance into German outposts was made on 20 July by the 12th H.L.I. and the 106th Brigade advanced its own to conform, but other planned attacks on the Dranoutre Ridge were called off due to wet weather. The division was relieved by the 30th Division on 9 August. The machine gun battalion, pioneers and a portion of the artillery assisted 30th Division in its attack and capture of the Dranoutre Ridge on 16 August. In the latter part of the month, it became clear that the Germans were withdrawing from the Lys valley, and he division was transferred to II Corps on 1 September.

Advance in Picardy

To the Lys
Deployed to the west of Ypres the division's artillery began supporting the 14th (Light) Division on 2 September. The remainder of the division had relieved the American 30th Division by 5 September, 106th Brigade relieving the 119th Regiment on the right on 3 September, the 105th Brigade relieving the 120th Regiment on the left the next day. Both suffered from the use of gas by German artillery during the relief. The division now had the 14th (Light) Division on the left and the 34th Division of XIX Corps on the right. Patrolling began of the no mans land immediately east of Ypres, and often encountered German patrols. The division's artillery returned to the division during this time. On 15 September the 104th and 105th brigades pushed its line  to  forward under a light rolling barrage, with only the 19th D.L.I. on the left encountering heavy resistance. The 104th and 105th brigades were rested, with the 106th and 42nd brigade of the 14th (Light) Division in the line for a renewed attack launched on 28 September.
The artillery supporting the division's line was reinforced by two additional artillery brigades (the 187th on the right and the 173rd on the left), firing a rolling barrage without registering, in support of all three brigades advancing. The advance started at 05:30 hrs, five minutes after the artillery bombardment started, from a line between Zillebeke lake and the Ypres canal to the south west with the 106th brigade on the left, 104th in the centre and 105th on the right. By the end of the day the division had advanced  to north west of Zanvoorde against patchy resistance, taken over 800 prisoners, captured a number of field guns and over 40 machine guns for 573 casualties. The division was now on territory last occupied by the allies in 1914. The division's artillery was moved up to a line in front of the day's starting position, starting at noon, however they were delayed by the state of the ground and mines, and attacks by the 17th Royal Scots and 18th H.L.I. later in the day were made with very much reduced artillery support. During the day the division's artillery had fired 37,500 rounds.

The next day (29 September) it was intended to advance through Zanvoorde to Wervicq, nearly  to the south east. The advance by the 105th brigade with the 106th supporting, was halted for a time by German machine guns in the remains of Zanvoorde, even after it had been bombarded by the artillery in response, repulsing an attack by the 15th Cheshires. The strongpoint was reduced by another bombardment and the attacking battalions pushed forward ending the day at Ten-Brielen  south east of Zanvoorde, but short of the objecting of Wervicq, having advanced through a maze of unused, but deep and maintained, support trenches and wire. The division was now at the limit of the British advance of 19 October 1914 and had left behind the trench lines of the Ypres ridges and was now in open country. The division's advance the next day (29 September) was checked by the 'Gheluwe Switch', a strong line of trenches and pill boxes, partly due to the artillery being confined to two routes due to the state of the ground, and not being able to keep pace with the advance. The 105th and 106th Brigades had, by this point been reduced to less than half and a quarter respectively of their trench strength of the morning of 28 September. On 30 September, the 104th brigade was then sent to make contact with the 29th Division, but only achieved this after facing strong resistance and the 29th Division had been forced out of Gheluwe. On the night of 1 -2 October the 104th Brigade joined an attack by the 41st Division and succeeded in capturing a ridge overlooking Werviqc. The division was withdrawn from the line on 3 October.

The rest was short, however, and the 104th and 105th brigades returned to the line on the night of 5-6 October on the Gheluwe-Dadizeele road some  east-south-east of Ypres. The stay was short and on 7 October the brigades were once more taken out of the line, and replaced by the 106th brigade. On 11 October the positions were reversed, with the 104th and 105th brigades back in the line and the 106th brigade in reserve for the next attack to advance to a south-east facing line south of Moorseele and Gulleghem between  (left) and  (right) from the start line. The artillery, strengthened by the 119th Army Field Artillery Brigade, initially some  behind the start line, was to advance by battery to maintain a continuous barrage, the 36th (Ulster) Division was on the left and the 41st Division on the right. Attacking on a two battalion from on 14 October, (left to right) 17th L.F. and 15th Cheshires, the other battalions were to pass through after , this occurred at around 07:15, the advance of the four battalions was hampered by fog and strong resistance by the Germans, who fired their artillery over open sights at the advancing infantry (15th Sherwood Foresters) or having an open flank (19th D.L.I.). The attack continued the next day, and by evening a patrol from the 4th North Staffords had reached the river Lys at Lauwe. The division had advanced nearly  and among the material captured were 12 150mm howitzers, 19 105mm howitzers and 12 77mm guns. The next day the 106th brigade closed up to the Lys as close as practicable () over the flat, open ground of river banks, in a line circling Bisseghem to a point on the river bank between Welveghem and Marcke. On 17 October the 17th Royal Scots and 18th H.L.I conducted raids across the Lys into Marcke, using a single plank bridge constructed by the 204th Field Company on the remains of the Bissegham-Marcke road bridge. After receiving orders to capture Marcke on 18 October, the 17th Royal Scots and 18th H.L.I. re-crossed the Lys by the plank bridge and at 22:00, under a rolling barrage secured the western exits of Marcke by 23:30. The 104th brigade, attacking on a three battalion front in the early hours of 19 October, and reached the Walle-Rolleghem road ( southeast from the Lys by 07:00, later the Courtai (Kortrijk) - Coyghem (Kooigem) road was reached, the divisions objective a further  south-eastward. The 19th D.L.I. entered Courtai (Kortrijk) to an ovation from the inhabitants.

To the Scheldt
Orders were received from XIX Corps for an advance on 20 October south east and north east of some . The advance was to be made by the six battalions of 104th and 105th brigades, with the 105th brigade being moved to the left flank, the 106th brigade was in reserve, together with a brigade of the 41st Division, the 34th Division (X Corps) was to advance on the right, 29th Division (II Corps) on the left. Starting from a line from Rolleghem to Knock (Rollegemknok)  south-east of the Lys to a point on the Courtai - Coyghem road  south east of Courtai, at 07:00, in open order and without a preliminary artillery bombardment. The 17th Lancashire Fusiliers reached the first phase line by 09:00, a cross roads east of Belleghem  from the start line and its final objective at midday, a ridgeline  further on. Next to them, the 18th L.F. faced more resistance and did not reach the final ridgeline until evening. The 19th D.L.I. faced more resistance and both lines could only be taken with artillery support, reaching its objective at 18:30. For the battalions of 105th brigade the resistance was stiffer, as it was learned later, that the Germans had concentrated their defences facing west in front of the canal, the 4th North Staffs. on the left flank, being fired upon as they were forming up early in the morning. by the early afternoon they had reached the canal  from their start line. The  15th Sherwood Foresters (centre) and 15th Cheshires (right) advance was slowed by drainage ditches and small streams, as well as machine gun fire, and the advance came to a halt outside Sweveghem (Zwevegem). At 09:00, after the artillery (157th brigade) had managed to get into position (complicated by the move of 105th brigade across the line earlier that morning), and after an initial repulse of the 15th Sherwood Foresters out of the village, the village was taken with the help of an artillery barrage. The 15th Cheshires, again aided by the delayed artillery, advanced to their first objective by 15:00. In the afternoon General Marindin decided to use the 106th brigade to take the left hand part of the final objective, advancing from the west to east. the 12th H.L.I [assed through the 17th Lancashire Fusiliers at 19:00 and advanced, with the 18th H.L.I following. Encountering strong wire defences and machine gunfire as they advance towards the village of Kreupel ( south of Zwevegem) at 23:20 artillery support was called for and the 17th Royal Scots were ordered to pass thought the 15th Cheshires an link up with the 12 H.L.I.. By 04:50, 21 October, the ridgeline had been taken, although the 4th North Staffs. did not reach their final target, a bridge over the canal until 22:00 that day.

In the mid morning of 21 October the 41st Division passed through the positions of the 35th, and except for the 17th Royal Scots and 4th North Staffs. who remained in the line for a further day, the division was withdrawn to billets around Courtai. In the last advance of 20-21 October the division had lost 49 killed 200 wounded and 27 missing. The division returned to the line on the night of 26-27 October. Relieving the 41st Division, which had advanced  to the north bank of the Scheldt, the 35th was now facing north east across the Bossuit–Kortrijk Canal, it had recently had on its left flank. The division's line was a salient some  long between Outrijve and Moen, extending forward to Avelgem, some  southeast from Zwevegem. The 30th Division was on the right, across the Scheldt and the 31st Division on the left. The Germans could observe movements of infantry and artillery from Mont de l'Enclus, and the division HQ and battalion HQ of 19th D.L.I. were shelled and the 106th brigade HQ was forced to move. an advance was ordered, with two phase lines, the first  north east along the north bank of the Scheldt and the second  further on. The 104th Brigade began the advance at 05:25 on 31 October with all three battalions 18th L.F. (left), 17th L.F. (centre) and 19th D.L.I. (right) each on a two company front, on reaching the first objective the following companies were to pass through to the second line. This was to be supported by the divisional artillery brigades and the 119th Army Field Artillery with rolling barrages and the 10th Garrison Artillery as counter battery and interdiction. The advance was briefly held up by machine gun nests, and harassing fire from across the Scheldt, but the first objective was reached by 06:40. Bridges over Scheldt at Rugge were saved from demolition by an N.C.O. of a Tunnelling Company. The advance resumed at 08:45, the Germans use of tracer rounds only enabling the firing position to be easily found. The second objective was reached at 09:55. The Germans were seen to be retreating and at 12:10, the division was ordered to exploit its success and push on another , this was reached by the brigade at 14:30. For a total of 428 casualties the advance had captured 276 prisoners, and material including 80 machine guns, two motor ambulances including wounded and messenger dogs.

To the Dender
On the night of 1-2 November the division was relieved by the 41st Division, the troops going into billets around Kortrijk. Training to cross the Scheldt took place on the Lys, with the pioneers and engineers making preparations for bridge building and the use of canvas boats. The division returned to the Scheldt, on the river where they had previously advanced, between Rugge and Kerkhove, a front of , opposite Berchem. The crossing was planned for 11 November, but when news reached the division that the Germans were retiring from the river, an immediate push was ordered by any means. At 05:30 on 9 November a company from the 18th H.L.I. crossed the Scheldt in canvas boats and advanced to the railway line  from the river. By 07:00, with additional plank bridges built by the engineers the 15th Sherwood Foresters began to cross and by midday, together with the 15th Cheshires and 18th H.L.I., outposts were established on the Ronse - Nukerke road  east of Berchem. The next day, 10 November, the 104th Brigade, which had marched from Zweveghem, passed through the 105th Brigade, reaching Louise-Marie at middayand by 17;00 were on a line between Bookouter and Bosstraat, a distance of  east from 105th Brigades outposts. Little opposition, except for a few mounted patrols, was met. Even with no opposition the artillery had heavy work clearing roads and filling in mine crater to allow their passage. at 08:30 on 11 November, the division received the news that hostilities would cease at 11:00, and that they were to make every effort to reach the River Dender by that time. the 104th Brigade set out at 09:00 with the 17th L.F in the lead. The division commanding officer, General Marindin and his A.D.C. took a staff car and drove to Geraadsbergen, where after being greeted by excited crowds they reached a bridge over the Dender before 11:00, beating cyclists from the 17th L.F.. A few prisoners were taken and around 200 British prisoners crossed over the river having been released.

Disbanding of the Division
On 12 November the division learned that it was not to part of the army of occupation, and to their further disappointment they were not to stay in their current pleasant and undamaged location but were to march to billets in the Saint-Omer area. While passing through Ypres the 17th Royal Scots were inspected by Princess Mary, who was visiting various women's corps in the area, and who had waited nearly two hours in the rain to do so. Time was passed in sports, the 159th Brigade R.F.A., representing the division won the Army football competition held in Brussels, entertainments, such as by the division's own 'Sparklets' troupe and education. The miners in the division were the first to be demobilised, beginning on 11 December.
At the end of January 1919, the division was called on to quell riots in the camps at Calais, 106th Brigade being engaged in this for five days, the other brigades remaining in the Calais area for another month. In early March colours were presented to the battalions, and General Marindin left the division to command the 3rd Highland Brigade on the Rhine. The final troops left in mid April and the division was finally disbanded at the end of the month.

During the war the division lost 23915 officers and men killed wounded or missing.

Order of battle

Details from Baker, C. The 35th Division in 1914–1918.

104th Brigade
 17th (Service) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers
 18th (Service) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers
 20th (Service) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers (disbanded February 1918)
 23rd (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (8th City) (disbanded February 1918)
19th (Service) Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (2nd County) (joined February 1918 from 106th Brigade)
 104th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (joined April 1916, left for division MG battalion February 1918)
 104th Trench Mortar Battery (joined February 1916)

105th Brigade
 15th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (1st Birkenhead)
 16th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (2nd Birkenhead) (disbanded February 1918)
 14th (Service) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (disbanded February 1918)
 15th (Service) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)
 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment (joined February 1918 from 106th Brigade)
 105th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (joined April 1916, left for division MG battalion February 1918)
 105th Trench Mortar Battery (joined February 1916)

106th Brigade
 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment)
 17th (Service) Battalion, Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) (2nd Leeds) (left November 1917)
 19th (Service) Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (2nd County) (left February 1918 for 104th Brigade)
 18th (Service) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry (renamed as the 18th (Royal Glasgow Yeomanry) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry in September 1917,)
4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment (joined November 1917, left February 1918 for 105th Brigade)
12th (Service) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry (joined February 1918)
 106th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (joined April 1916, left for division MG battalion February 1918)
 106th Trench Mortar Battery (joined February 1916)

Division Troops
19th (Service) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (Pioneers)
241st Machine Gun Company (joined July 1917, moved to Division MG battalion February 1918)
35th Battalion Machine Gun Corps (formed March 1918)
C Squadron, Lancashire Hussars (left May 1916)
35th Divisional Cyclist Company, Army Cyclist Corps (left May 1916)
35th Divisional Train Army Service Corps
233rd, 234th, 235th and 236th Companies A.S.C.
Royal Artillery
157th (Aberdeen) Brigade, R.F.A.
158th (Accrington and Burnley) Brigade R.F.A. (broken up February 1917)
159th (Glasgow) Brigade R.F.A.
163rd (West Ham) (Howitzer) Brigade R.F.A. (broken up September 1916)
131st Heavy Battery R.G.A. (left in March 1916)
35th Divisional Ammunition Column (British Empire League) R.F.A.
V.35 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery R.F.A. (formed August 1916; left March 1918)
X.35, Y.35 and Z.35 Medium Mortar Batteries R.F.A. (formed June 1916, Z broken up in February 1918, distributed to X and Y batteries)
Royal Engineers
203rd, 204th, 205th (Cambridge) Field Companies
35th Divisional Signals Company
Royal Army Medical Corps
105th, 106th, 107th Field Ambulances
75th Sanitary Section (left April 1917)

Awards

Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross was awarded to the following men of the division:
Lt Col William Herbert Anderson 12th Highland Light Infantry, 25 March 1918, Bois Favieres.
2nd Lt Hardy Falconer Parsons 14th Gloucestershire Regiment, 20/21 August 1917, Épehy.

Other awards
In addition to the two V.C.s, between 1916 and 1918 the officers and men of the division won the following (the list is incomplete, awards to the 15th Sherwood Foresters not being given as well as those unnamed in unit war diaries):

Commanders
The following officers commanded the division:
 Major General Reginald John Pinney KCB, from 4 July 1915
 Major General H.J.S. Landon CB CMG, from 23 September 1916
 Major General George McKenzie Franks CB, from 6 July 1917
 Major General A.H. Marindin CB DSO, from 27 March 1918

See also

 List of British divisions in World War I
 Bernard Montgomery, who served with this division as a brigade major of the 104th Brigade

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War I
Kitchener's Army divisions
Military units and formations established in 1915
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
1915 establishments in the United Kingdom


The 1795 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1795 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Federalist Party nominated Chief Justice of the United States John Jay who had been their nominee in 1792 and lost in a controversial and narrow election. They nominated state senator Stephen Van Rensselaer for Lieutenant Governor.

The Democratic-Republican Party nominated Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court Robert Yates. They nominated former U.S. representative William Floyd for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Federalist ticket of Jay and Van Rensselaer was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1795
New York
Gubernatorial
John Jay


Utricularia asplundii is a small to medium-sized terrestrial or epiphytic, perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. asplundii is endemic to western South America and is found in Colombia and Ecuador. It was originally published and described by Peter Taylor in 1975. Specimens cited by Alvaro Fernández-Pérez in 1964 from Colombia as U. jamesoniana were partly U. jamesoniana and partly U. asplundii.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

External links

Carnivorous plants of South America
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
asplundii
Epiphytes


The 1798 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1798 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Federalist Party nominated incumbent John Jay. They nominated incumbent Stephen Van Rensselaer for Lieutenant Governor.

The Democratic-Republican Party nominated Chancellor of New York Robert R. Livingston. They also nominated incumbent Stephen Van Rensselaer for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Federalist ticket of Jay and Van Rensselaer was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1798
New York
Gubernatorial
John Jay


The 1801 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1801 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated state assemblyman and former Governor George Clinton. They nominated former U.S. representative and president of the Bank of Albany Jeremiah Van Rensselaer for Lieutenant Governor.

The Federalist Party nominated Lieutenant Governor Stephen Van Rensselaer. They nominated former U.S. senator James Watson for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Clinton and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1801
New York
Gubernatorial
April 1801 events


The 1804 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1804 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Clintonian faction of the Democratic Republican Party nominated former Attorney General of New York and Supreme Court of New York justice Morgan Lewis. They nominated state senator John Broome for Lieutenant Governor.

Although a Democratic-Republican, incumbent Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was backed by members of the Federalist Party who wanted to see New York join the New England states in an independent confederation. This scheme was opposed by High Federalist Alexander Hamilton, the party's national leader. Burr subsequently killed Hamilton in a duel. U.S. representative Oliver Phelps was nominated for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Clintonian ticket of Lewis and Broome was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1804
Gubernatorial
New York
April 1804 events


The 1807 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1807 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Despite losing New York City 1,673 votes to 1,807, Daniel D. Tompkins defeated incumbent Morgan Lewis.

Candidates
The Clintonian faction of the Democratic-Republican Party nominated associate justice of the New York Supreme Court of Judicature Daniel D. Tompkins. They nominated incumbent John Broome for Lieutenant Governor.

The Lewisite faction of the Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent Morgan Lewis. They nominated former Speaker of the New York State Assembly Thomas Storm for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Clintonian ticket of Tompkins and Broome was elected.

References

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1807
Gubernatorial election
April 1807 events
New York


The 1810 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1810 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent Daniel D. Tompkins. They nominated incumbent John Broome for Lieutenant Governor.

The Federalist Party nominated state senator Jonas Platt. They nominated former Adjutant General of New York Nicholas Fish for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Tompkins and Broome was elected. Broome would die 4 months later, necessitating a special election.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1810
Gubernatorial
New York
April 1810 events


The 1811 New York lieutenant gubernatorial special election was held to fill the unexpired term of the Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Background
Lieutenant Governor John Broome died in August 1810, and the 1777 Constitution provided for new elections if a vacancy occurred either in the Governor's or the Lieutenant Governor's office.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated Mayor of New York City DeWitt Clinton.

The Federalist Party nominated former Adjutant General of New York Nicholas Fish.

Tammany Hall nominated former Mayor of New York City Marinus Willett.

Results

Sources
Result

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1811
LtGubernatorial
New York
LtGubernatorial


The 1813 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1813 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent Daniel D. Tompkins. They nominated former state senator (and former briefly acting Lieutenant Governor) John Tayler for Lieutenant Governor.

The Federalist Party nominated former Lieutenant Governor Stephen Van Rensselaer. They nominated George Huntington for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Tompkins and Tayler was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1813
New York
Gubernatorial election
April 1813 events


The 1816 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1816 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.  Governor Tompkins had received the nomination of the Congressional Caucus for Vice President as James Monroe's running-mate. Senator King would receive the votes for President of those Federalist Electors chosen that fall.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated incumbent Daniel D. Tompkins. They nominated incumbent John Tayler for Lieutenant Governor.

The Federalist Party nominated U.S. senator Rufus King. They nominated state senator George Tibbits for Lieutenant Governor.

Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Tompkins and Tayler was elected.

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1816
Gubernatorial
New York
April 1816 events


The 1817 New York gubernatorial election was held in April/May 1817 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York.

History
Governor Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice President of the United States in November 1816; he resigned in February 1817. Article XVII of the New York State Constitution of 1777 said that "...as often as the seat of government shall become vacant, a wise and descreet freeholder of this State shall be, by ballot, elected governor,...,which elections shall be always held at the times and places of choosing representatives in assembly..." This meant that, whenever a vacancy occurred, the Lieutenant Governor did not succeed to the governor's office but administrated the state only until the end of the yearly term of the New York State Assembly on June 30, the successor being elected in April.

Candidates
The Democratic-Republican Party nominated former Lieutenant Governor DeWitt Clinton. They nominated acting Governor John Tayler for Lieutenant Governor.

Though he did not run, the Tammany organization, which opposed Clinton, distributed ballots in New York City with the name of former Secretary of State of New York Peter Buell Porter, and a few were cast.

Results
The Democratic-Republican ticket of Clinton and Tayler was elected.

Notes

Sources
Result: The Tribune Almanac 1841

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1817
New York
Gubernatorial election
April 1817 events
May 1817 events