The 2008 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 79th season in the National Football League (NFL), and their 75th as the Detroit Lions. The Lions made history by becoming the first team since the schedule was expanded to 16 games to finish winless. It is one of only four winless seasons since the merger.

2008 was the third season under head coach Rod Marinelli, and the season began going undefeated in the pre-season and hoping to improve upon their 7–9 record the year before, their best since the 2000 season. However, the Lions instead suffered one of the worst seasons in NFL history, finishing 0–16 and joining the expansion 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers as only the second team since the AFL–NFL merger to finish a full-length season winless, and the first under the 16-game schedule in place from 1978 to 2020. The Lions gave up a franchise-record 517 points during the season, coming within 16 of matching the 1981 Colts' record of 533 points allowed. The Lions' 32.31 points per game allowed on defense is the third worst of any NFL team since the 1960s, bettering only the 1966 Giants (35.79 PPG) and the aforementioned 1981 Colts (33.31 PPG). The 517 points-allowed mark has since been eclipsed by the 2020 team, who allowed 519 points.

The Lions were mathematically eliminated from playoff contention with a Week 11 loss to the Carolina Panthers. Embattled team president, general manager, and CEO Matt Millen, who had served in those roles since 2001 was fired on September 24, 2008. Marinelli was fired after the season ended along with most of his staff.

To celebrate their 75th season playing as the Lions, the team wore a special throwback replica of the uniforms used in 1934, their first season as the Lions, for two home games. The uniforms had blue jerseys with silver lettering, solid silver pants, blue socks, and solid silver helmets (as helmets were leather back then). This replaced their black alternate jersey used in the 2005 to 2007 seasons.

While unique when it happened, the 2008 Lions' 0–16 record was later matched by the 2017 Cleveland Browns. Combined with the Lions' 2–14 record the next year was the worst two season record since the merger until surpassed by the Browns who had a 1–15 record in 2016, followed by an 0–16 record in 2017.

Season

Notable roster losses and trades
 RB Kevin Jones – Released on March 13 – signed with the Chicago Bears
 DE Kalimba Edwards – Released on March 13 – signed with the Oakland Raiders
 DT Shaun Rogers – Traded on February 29 to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for cornerback Leigh Bodden and a third-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft. (The Lions selected Andre Fluellen with this pick.)

2008 Draft

Off-the-field issues marred three of the Lions' 2008 draft picks. First-round draft pick Gosder Cherilus was involved in a bar fight in Boston the previous July, and was sentenced to one year of probation, though he would go on to assume the starting offensive tackle role in Week 3 of the 2008 season, providing some youth to an aging offensive line.  Second-round draft pick Jordon Dizon was arrested and charged with drunk-driving six days prior to the NFL Draft.  Despite being drafted, military obligations prevented seventh-round pick Caleb Campbell from playing in the NFL until 2010.

However, among the Lions' later draft picks were Cliff Avril and Jerome Felton, both of whom went on to reach the Pro Bowl. Avril, who recorded 23 tackles and five sacks in his rookie season at Detroit, would go on to win Super Bowl XLVIII as a member of the Seattle Seahawks.

Staff

Final roster

Schedule

Preseason

Regular season
In addition to their regular games against NFC North division rivals, the Lions played games against the NFC South and AFC South according to the NFL's schedule rotation established in 2002, and also played against the Washington Redskins, and the San Francisco 49ers, who had like the Lions finished third in their NFC division in 2007.

Game recaps

Week 1: at Atlanta Falcons

With Jon Kitna the opening week starter at QB, the Lions began 2008 at the Georgia Dome against the Atlanta Falcons, with then-rookie QB Matt Ryan and Mike Smith in his first year as the Falcons' head coach. A pre-season poll on thespread.com said the Falcons were less likely to make the Super Bowl than the Lions.

In the first quarter, Detroit trailed early as Ryan completed a 62-yard TD pass to WR Michael Jenkins, while RB Michael Turner scored twice on runs of 66 and 5 yards. The Lions responded in the second quarter when rookie RB Kevin Smith scored on a 3-yard TD run, and QB Kitna completed a 21-yard TD pass to WR Roy Williams. This cut the Falcons' lead to 7 going into halftime.

In the third quarter, Atlanta continued its dominant start with a 50-yard field goal by long-time Bronco star Jason Elam, playing his first game with the Falcons.  Falcons RB Jerious Norwood proceeded to score on a 10-yard TD run.  Although Detroit replied with a 1-yard TD pass by TE Casey FitzSimmons, the Falcons sealed the win in the fourth quarter with another Elam field goal, this time for 25 yards.

Kitna finished the game completing 24 out of 33 pass attempts for 242 yards, two touchdowns and one interception (by Lawyer Milloy in the third quarter), getting sacked three times.  Calvin Johnson, sharing snaps with Roy Williams in his second NFL season, hauled in seven catches for 107 yards, including a 38-yard completion during the Lions' second scoring drive.  The Lions' main issue was their defense, especially their rush defense, which proved powerless against the strong Falcons RB Turner, who, in addition to two touchdowns, rushed for 220 yards on 22 carries.  Jerious Norwood proved as dangerous, rushing for 93 yards on 14 carries with one touchdown.  Overall, the Lions rush defense allowed 318 yards.

Week 2: vs. Green Bay Packers

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Falcons, the Lions played their Week 2 home opener against their NFC North rival, the Green Bay Packers.  For the second week in a row, they faced a team with a quarterback who was playing their first game as an official starter, this time being Aaron Rodgers, who took over after Brett Favre was traded to the Jets in the off-season.

Detroit started by trailing 21–0 for the second week in a row.  Packers QB Rodgers dominated the first half, completing a 9-yard TD pass to WR James Jones in the first quarter, a 2-yard TD pass to WR Donald Driver and a 29-yard TD pass to WR Jordy Nelson in the second quarter. Detroit closed out the first half with kicker Jason Hanson nailing a 38-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Lions started hacking away at Green Bay's lead, as Hanson kicked a field goal for 49 yards.  A sack-fumble by Rodgers was recovered by Dewayne White, leading to a 53-yard field goal by Hanson. Mason Crosby added to Green Bay's lead with a 25-yard field goal, and went on to kick another field goal for 39 yards in the fourth quarter.  Detroit kept clawing away at the Pack's lead, as QB Jon Kitna completed a 38-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson, Johnson's first touchdown of the season. The Lions earned a safety when a snap to Packers punter Derrick Frost went high, and through the back of his end zone.

The Lions took the lead on another Kitna pass to Calvin Johnson, this time for 47 yards, and seemed poised for a win in their home opener.  However, Green Bay rebounded with several key defensive plays to reclaim the game.  Kitna threw three consecutive interceptions in the fourth quarter that led to scoring plays.  The first led to a 19-yard TD run by Brandon Jackson.  The second and third were pick-six plays: CB Charles Woodson returned one 41 yards for a touchdown, and safety Nick Collins returned the other for a 42-yard touchdown.

Week 3: at San Francisco 49ers

The Lions visited Candlestick Park in San Francisco for a Week 3 duel with the 49ers.  The contest brought the Lions directly against two former members who were part of the team in 2007.  Mike Martz had overseen the Lions offense as their coordinator the previous two seasons, but had been fired after a promising start ended with a 7–9 record.  J.T. O'Sullivan, the Lions' former third-string quarterback, filled in for both the injured Kitna and Dan Orlovsky for four games in 2007, including an overtime win, but became a free agent in the off-season.  Martz took the offensive coordinator job in San Francisco, while O'Sullivan became the 49ers' starting QB.

Detroit began the game trailing their opponent for the third week in a row.  In the first quarter, 49ers QB O'Sullivan completed a 6-yard TD pass to WR Isaac Bruce. In the second quarter, San Francisco increased its lead when RB Frank Gore scored on a 4-yard TD run. The Lions got on the board when kicker Jason Hanson hit a 44-yard field goal, but the 49ers closed out the half with an O'Sullivan completion to TE Delanie Walker for a 24-yard touchdown.

In the third quarter, Detroit scored first on a Jason Hanson 51-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, San Francisco increased its lead when CB Allen Rossum scored on a 1-yard TD run. Although QB Jon Kitna completed a 34-yard TD pass to RB Rudi Johnson, this was as far as the Lions offense threatened the 49ers' dominance.

A combination of small detriments cost the Lions the game.  The Lions were penalized 9 times for 61 yards, only converted 14 first downs to the 49ers' 25, reached the 49ers' red zone only once (leading to the Rudi Johnson touchdown), and turned the ball over twice, the second a Dan Orlovsky pass intercepted by Justin Smith with 2:41 left in the game.

Orlovsky came into the game in relief of Kitna in the fourth quarter. Kitna, who was sacked three times in the game, sprained his right knee.

Week 4: Bye week – Millen fired

Matt Millen took the helm as Lions President and CEO in 2001, despite having no management experience. Prior to his tenure, Matt Millen played a 12-year career as a linebacker for the Raiders, 49ers and Redskins, winning Super Bowls with all three teams. After retirement, he worked as a color commentator and studio analyst for CBS, Fox and NBC, as well as Westwood One radio, before his hiring by Lions ownership.

Calls for Millen's firing originated as early as 2005, when Millen received a contract extension despite four dismal seasons and the firing of head coach Steve Mariucci.  The "Fire Millen" movement ranged from "Fire Millen" chants at other Detroit-area sporting events, such as Pistons games and WWE events, to angry Lions fan protests. Of lesser help was the fact that Millen was the second highest-paid general manager in the NFL. Going into the bye week in 2008, the team accumulated a league-worst record of 31 wins and 84 losses.

On September 24, 2008, after the Week 3 loss to the 49ers, Millen was fired.  Martin Mayhew, Millen's assistant, took over as interim general manager. He would be retained as GM after the season ended, and served in the role until 2015.

Week 5: vs. Chicago Bears
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|titlestyle=;text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week Five: Chicago Bears at Detroit Lions
|Road=Bears
|R1=3
|R2=14
|R3=14
|R4=3
|Home=Lions
|H1=0
|H2=0
|H3=7
|H4=0
|stadium= Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan
|time= 1:00 PM EDT / 12:00 PM CDT
|weather= None (Domed Stadium)
|attendance= 59,790
|referee= Scott Green
|TV=Fox | TVAnnouncers= Matt Vasgersian, Brian Baldinger, Brian Billick, & Laura Okmin
|reference=Recap, Game Book
|scoring=
First quarter
 CHI – Robbie Gould 37-yard field goal, 6:48. Bears 3–0. Drive: 11 plays, 34 yards, 6:37.
Second quarter
 CHI – Matt Forte 9-yard pass from Kyle Orton (Robbie Gould kick), 5:27. Bears 10–0. Drive: 7 plays, 25 yards, 3:56.
 CHI – Devin Hester 12-yard pass from Kyle Orton (Robbie Gould kick), 1:56. Bears 17–0. Drive: 4 plays, 80 yards, 1:58.
Third quarter
 CHI – Matt Forte 1-yard run (Robbie Gould kick), 11:17. Bears 24–0. Drive: 9 plays, 65 yards, 3:43.
 CHI – Charles Tillman 26-yard interception return (Robbie Gould kick), 10:10. Bears 31–0. DET – Kevin Smith 12-yard run (Jason Hanson kick), 7:08. Bears 31–7. Drive: 7 plays, 30 yards, 1:23.Fourth quarter CHI – Robbie Gould 45-yard field goal, 11:58. Bears 34–7. Drive: 7 plays, 42 yards, 3:32.
|stats=Top passers CHI – Kyle Orton – 24/34, 334 yards, 2 TD
 DET – Dan Orlovsky – 13/23, 97 yards, INTTop rushers CHI – Matt Forte – 15 rushes, 36 yards, TD
 DET – Kevin Smith – 8 rushes, 31 yards, TDTop receivers'''
 CHI – Rashied Davis – 6 receptions, 97 yards
 DET – Roy Williams – 7 receptions, 96 yards
}}
Coming off their bye week, the Lions played a Week 5 Black and Blue Division duel at home with the Chicago Bears. The first game after the firing of Matt Millen, fans who had previously called for Millen's firing either booed the team or left early.

The Bears put on an offensive clinic. After a field goal by Robbie Gould, a 9-yard touchdown pass from Kyle Orton to Matt Forte, and a 12-yard TD pass to Devin Hester, the Lions trailed 17–0 going into halftime. The onslaught continued in the second half, as Forté scored a rushing TD, and CB Charles Tillman scored a pick-six off Dan Orlovsky. Detroit's only score of the game came in the third quarter as rookie Kevin Smith scored on a 12-yard rushing TD. Another field goal by Gould added to the Bears' lead, a formality at that point. Rod Marinelli successfully challenged a fumble by Jerome Felton in the third quarter, review showing that Felton was down by contact before the fumble. However, Orlovsky was intercepted by Charles Tillman on the very next play.

Jon Kitna started the game for the Lions, but after a poor showing in the first half, Dan Orlovsky came into the game at QB. Both Lions quarterbacks ended up with injuries, Kitna with back spasms and Orlovsky with his ankle, after the game. The Lions only managed 185 total yards to the Bears' 425, and gave up 82 points in two home games, the greatest number of points given up in its first two home games since 1958.

Week 6: at Minnesota Vikings

The Lions traveled to Minneapolis in Week 6 to take on the Minnesota Vikings. Although the Vikings under Brad Childress would finish the season as NFC North champions, they struggled early in the season. After an 0–2 start, Childress benched his opening day starting QB Tarvaris Jackson in favor of veteran Gus Frerotte. The Lions, for their part, went to Dan Orlovsky for the start, as Kitna still had a back injury.

The first score of the game came with 21 seconds left in the first quarter, and cemented itself into Lions lore. The Lions benefited from a fumble by Adrian Peterson that was recovered by Dwight Smith, but the Lions began the drive on their own 1-yard line. After two incomplete passes and a timeout, on third down, Vikings defensive end Jared Allen broke through the Lions' offensive line and went after Orlovsky, who unintentionally ran out of the back of his endzone, giving the Vikings a safety. Despite the safety, the Lions took the lead in the second quarter, as Jason Hanson kicked a 40-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Detroit increased its lead as Orlovsky completed a 12-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson. Minnesota answered when QB Gus Frerotte completed an 86-yard TD pass to WR Bernard Berrian. However, another turnover by Adrian Peterson and an interception of a Frerotte pass by Leigh Bodden kept the game close going into the fourth quarter.

Although both teams' offensive struggles continued, a pair of controversial calls swung the game towards the Vikings' favor. Calvin Johnson, after catching an Orlovsky pass, but fumbled the ball after Darren Sharper and Ben Leber tackled him, and Leber recovered. Marinelli challenged the ruling, trying to argue that Johnson was down before the ball came loose, but upon review the play stood as called. The Lions held a glimmer of hope as the ensuing Vikings drive ended when Jared DeVries blocked a Ryan Longwell field goal. However, towards the end of the game, in a pivotal Vikings drive, after a Frerotte pass to Aundrae Allison went incomplete, Lions cornerback Leigh Bodden was called for pass interference, though his contact with Allison appeared to be minimal. The penalty placed the ball on the Lions' 26 yard line, and with time expiring, Longwell kicked a game-winning go-ahead 26-yard field goal.

Roster moves
On October 14, the Lions traded wide receiver Roy Williams to the Dallas Cowboys for first-, third- and sixth-round picks in the 2009 NFL Draft. The Lions had drafted Williams in the first round in the 2004 NFL Draft, his best season coming in 2006 when he made the Pro Bowl. The trade helped build the Lions' future draft potential, while the Cowboys paired Williams with Terrell Owens in preparation for a potential 2008 playoff run.

The same day, despite possible rumors he would be traded prior to the deadline, quarterback Jon Kitna was placed on injured reserve for the remainder of the season, due to chronic back pain stemming from a bulging disk causing a pinched nerve. Kitna expressed his displeasure with the move in an interview, saying the Lions used it as an excuse to make Orlovsky the starter.  The Lions eventually traded Kitna to the Cowboys on February 28, 2009, for cornerback Anthony Henry.

Week 7: at Houston Texans

In week 7, the Lions flew down to Houston, Texas for an interconference duel with the Houston Texans. In the first quarter, Detroit's slow start continued as Texans QB Matt Schaub completed a 2-yard TD pass to TE Owen Daniels, along with RB Ahman Green getting a 1-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Houston increased their lead as RB Steve Slaton got a 1-yard TD run. The Lions responded when kicker Jason Hanson completed a 54-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Detroit began to catch up as rookie RB Kevin Smith got a 26-yard TD run, yet the Texans answered with Schaub completing a 1-yard TD pass to Daniels. In the fourth quarter, the Lions tried to come back as QB Dan Orlovsky completed a 96-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson, along with Hanson nailing a 54-yard field goal. However, Houston's defense prevented any comeback from happening.

Week 8: vs. Washington Redskins

The Lions went home for a Week 8 duel with the Washington Redskins. This was the first ever regular season game at Ford Field that had failed to sell out by the 72-hour deadline and was, therefore, subject to local television blackout.

In the first quarter, Detroit trailed early as Redskins kicker Shaun Suisham got a 25-yard field goal. In what would be the first time in the season the Lions scored during the first quarter, RB Rudi Johnson got an 11-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Detroit increased its lead as kicker Jason Hanson got a 43-yard field goal. Washington closed out the half with Suisham getting a 47-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Redskins regained the lead as Suisham made a 45-yard field goal, along with QB Jason Campbell completing a 50-yard TD pass to WR Santana Moss. In the fourth quarter, the Lions' struggles continued as Moss returned a punt 80 yards for a touchdown. Detroit tried to rally as QB Dan Orlovsky completed a 17-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson. However, Washington closed out the game with Suisham nailing a 42-yard field goal.

Signing of Daunte Culpepper
On October 28, the Lions discussed a contract with veteran quarterback Daunte Culpepper. He signed with the Lions on November 3 and played 4 games before suffering a shoulder injury.

Week 9: at Chicago Bears

Still trying to get their first win of the season, the Lions traveled to Soldier Field for a Week 9 NFC North rematch with the Chicago Bears. In the first quarter, Detroit trailed early as Bears kicker Robbie Gould got a 36-yard field goal, along with QB Kyle Orton getting a 5-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Lions greatly responded with rookie RB Kevin Smith getting a 1-yard TD run (with a blocked PAT), along with QB Dan Orlovsky completing a 17-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson and a 14-yard TD pass to WR Shaun McDonald. Chicago would respond with Gould getting a 41-yard field goal, yet Detroit answered with kicker Jason Hanson getting a 52-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Bears began to rally as QB Rex Grossman (who took over for Orton after he left the game in the second quarter with a right foot sprain) completed a 6-yard TD pass to WR Rashied Davis. In the fourth quarter, Chicago completed their rally as Grossman got a 1-yard TD run. The Lions tried to rally, but the Bears' defense prevented any possible comeback from happening.

With their ninth consecutive road loss, not only did the Lions fall to 0–8, but following the Bengals' victory over the Jaguars, became the only winless NFL team.

Week 10: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars

In week 10 the Lions went home, donned their throwback uniforms, and played an interconference game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. In the first quarter, Detroit trailed early as Jaguars kicker Josh Scobee got a 34-yard field goal. The Lions would respond as QB Drew Stanton made his NFL debut and completed a 1-yard TD pass to TE John Owens on his first NFL pass. In the second quarter, Jacksonville took a huge lead as RB Maurice Jones-Drew got a 6-yard, a 1-yard, and an 8-yard TD run.

In the third quarter, Detroit's misery continued as Jaguars QB David Garrard completed a 7-yard TD pass to WR Jerry Porter. In the fourth quarter, Jacksonville pulled away as Garrard completed a 10-yard TD pass to WR Troy Williamson. The Lions would end the game when rookie RB Kevin Smith scored on a 1-yard TD run.

Week 11: at Carolina Panthers

The still winless Lions next went to Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina for a Week 11 duel with the Carolina Panthers. In the first quarter, Detroit struck first as QB Daunte Culpepper completed a 29-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson. In the second quarter, the Lions increased their lead when kicker Jason Hanson got a 40-yard field goal. The Panthers responded when QB Jake Delhomme completed a 15-yard TD pass to TE Jeff King. Detroit answered when Hanson completed a 56-yard field goal, yet Carolina took the lead as RB DeAngelo Williams scored a long 56-yard TD run. Later, Carolina RB Jonathan Stewart scored on a 22-yard TD run. The Lions closed out the half as Hanson completed a 27-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Panthers increased their lead when kicker John Kasay nailed a 29-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Detroit tried to come back as Culpepper got a 1-yard TD run (with a failed 2-point conversion due to a missed facemask call against Carolina), but Carolina pulled away as Williams scored on a 4-yard TD run. Losing this game eliminated the Lions from playoff contention.

Week 12: vs Tampa Bay Buccaneers

The Lions went home for a Week 12 duel with another NFC South team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In the first quarter, Detroit struck first as QB Daunte Culpepper completed a 15-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson. The Lions continued their early success as safety Daniel Bullocks returned a fumble 44 yards for a touchdown, while kicker Jason Hanson got a 38-yard field goal.

Although the 17–0 early advantage was the largest lead the Lions would obtain all year, it didn't even last until halftime. In the second quarter, the Buccaneers' RB Warrick Dunn got a 13-yard TD run, while QB Jeff Garcia completed a 36-yard TD pass to WR Ike Hilliard and a 24-yard TD pass to TE Jerramy Stevens.

In the third quarter, Tampa Bay added onto their lead as RB Clifton Smith returned a punt 70 yards for a touchdown, along with CB Ronde Barber returning an interception 65 yards for a touchdown. Detroit scored when Hanson got a 40-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, only the Buccaneers scored when kicker Matt Bryant nailed a 48-yard field goal.

Week 13: vs. Tennessee Titans (Thanksgiving Day game)

Later that week, the Lions stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms again, and played their 69th annual Thanksgiving Day game against the then 10–1 Tennessee Titans. It was the Lions' only nationally televised game of the regular season and the only one amongst the final six home games that wasn't blacked out, although the Lions needed a 24-hour extension to sell out Ford Field. In the first quarter, Detroit trailed early as Titans RB Chris Johnson ran for a 6-yard TD. The Lions responded with Jason Hanson kicking a 53-yard field goal. Tennessee answered with Johnson running 58-yards for a score, along with DE Dave Ball returning an interception 15 yards for a TD. In the second quarter, Detroit's misery continued as RB LenDale White scored on runs of 6 yards and 2 yards. Detroit ended the half with QB Daunte Culpepper completing a 2-yard TD pass to TE Michael Gaines. In the third quarter, the Titans pulled away as kicker Rob Bironas kicked field goals of 49 and 41 yards. In the fourth quarter, Tennessee scored two more times when Bironas nailed 45 and 43-yard field goals.

Singer Jesse McCartney performed during halftime.

As Detroit fell to 0–12, the 47 points were the most points that the Lions had ever given up on Thanksgiving Day. This also made 2008 the second successive NFL season to see a team start 0–12 after the Miami Dolphins in 2007.

Week 14: vs. Minnesota Vikings

Next, the Lions stayed at home for a Week 14 NFC North rematch with newly signed veteran quarterback Daunte Culpepper's former team, the Minnesota Vikings. In the first quarter, Detroit was on the board first as kicker Jason Hanson made a 25-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Lions increased their lead as Hanson kicked a 23-yard field goal. The Vikings closed the half as kicker Ryan Longwell notched a 35-yard field goal.

During the first half, Moran Norris was ejected by referee Jerome Boger for throwing a punch at Minnesota's Napoleon Harris.

In the third quarter, Minnesota took the lead as RB Chester Taylor got a 17-yard TD run. Detroit responded with former Vikings QB Daunte Culpepper completing a 70-yard TD pass to WR Calvin Johnson. However, Minnesota took the lead again as QB Tarvaris Jackson completed an 11-yard TD pass to TE Visanthe Shiancoe. In the fourth quarter, the Lions tried to rally as Hanson made a 39-yard field goal. However, the Vikings pulled away as Longwell nailed a 50-yard field goal with 27 seconds left in the game. On the ensuing kickoff, Aveion Cason received the ball and returned it 25-yards to the Detroit 29-yard line. On the first offensive play, Culpepper was sacked by Ray Edwards for a 5-yard loss, with Culpepper spiking the ball on the next play with 2 seconds left in the game. For the last play of the game Drew Henson came in at quarterback for the Lions, but was sacked by Ellis Wyms to end the game.

Dominic Raiola was fined $7,500 by the Lions after flipping the bird at fans who heckled him during the loss. Raiola later expressed no remorse for his actions, expressing frustration at feeling like a doormat for criticism he felt singled him out for the Lions' ongoing woes.

Week 15: at Indianapolis Colts

In the last interconference duel of the season, the Lions traveled to Indianapolis, Indiana to take on the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts struck first when Dominic Rhodes ran in a TD from 1 yard midway through the first quarter. The Lions responded a few minutes later with a 51-yard field goal by Jason Hanson. With just under 6 minutes left in the half, Chad Simpson of the Colts scored a TD from 2 yards. Calvin Johnson of the Lions responded a few minutes later by catching a 33-yard TD pass. The Colts struck back with just under a minute in the half, when Dallas Clark caught a 3-yard TD pass.

The only score by either team in the 3rd quarter was a Jason Hanson 30-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Kevin Smith ran in a TD from 1 yard out. The Lions decided to go for the 2-point conversion to tie the score and were successful when Casey Fitzsimmons caught a pass for the conversion. The Colts responded with another Dominic Rhodes 1-yard TD run and put the game out of reach with a 31-yard Adam Vinatieri field goal.

With the loss to the Colts, the Lions became the third team after the 1976 Buccaneers and the 1980 Saints to lose the first fourteen games of a regular season. They were the last team to start 0–14 until the 2016 Browns also did so.

With their 11th straight road loss, the Lions fell to 0–14 and 0–4 against AFC opponents.

Week 16: vs New Orleans Saints

For their last home game of the season, the Lions took on the New Orleans Saints. Detroit trailed early in the first quarter as Saints wide receiver Robert Meachem scored on a 20-yard touchdown run and running back Deuce McAllister scored on a 2-yard touchdown run. The Lions responded in the second quarter with rookie running back Kevin Smith's 1-yard touchdown run. New Orleans answered with running back Mike Bell's 1-yard touchdown run, and running back Pierre Thomas's 2-yard touchdown run. The Saints then closed out the game's scoring in the third quarter with quarterback Drew Brees completing 6-yard and 3-yard touchdown passes to wide receiver Marques Colston.

With the loss, the Lions became the first team in NFL history to have a record of 0–15. They also became the second team to lose fifteen straight in a single season after the 2001 Carolina Panthers, who won their first game, then lost the remainder to finish 1–15. The 2008 Lions were the only team to start 0–15 until the 2017 Browns.

Week 17: at Green Bay Packers

In their final opportunity to avoid becoming the first 0–16 team in NFL history, the Lions traveled to Green Bay, Wisconsin to take on division rivals the Green Bay Packers, whom Detroit had not beaten on the road since 1991. The Packers struck first midway through the first quarter when Deshawn Wynn ran in a career long 73-yard TD. They made it 14–0 when Jermichael Finley caught a 3-yard TD pass near the end of the first quarter. The Lions got on the board in the second quarter when Calvin Johnson caught a 9-yard TD pass. At the end of the half, Will Blackmon called a fair catch as time expired, allowing Mason Crosby to attempt a rare 69-yard field goal. Crosby kicked it accurately but it fell just a yard short with the wind blowing against him. Before the game, Crosby also attempted a 64-yard field goal. Calvin Johnson scored another TD to tie it up in the 3rd quarter when he caught a 14-yard pass. The Packers responded just after the start of the 4th quarter with a 36-yard Mason Crosby field goal, and later with a John Kuhn 5-yard TD catch. The Lions responded less than a minute later with a Kevin Smith 9-yard TD run. The Packers eventually sealed the Lions' fate via a 71-yard TD pass caught by Donald Driver.

Allowing 31 points to the Packers brought the Lions' season total points allowed to 517. This is the third-highest point total allowed in a single season in NFL history, trailing only the 533 allowed by the 1981 Baltimore Colts, and the Lions themselves in 2020, when they allowed 519 points.

Aftermath
A day following the Week 17 loss against the Packers, the Lions fired Rod Marinelli after a 10–38 record as head coach.  Defensive coordinator Joe Barry, assistant offensive line coach Mike Barry, defensive line coach Joe Cullen, secondary coach Jimmy Lake, and assistant director of personnel Dave Boller were also fired.  Offensive coordinator Jim Colletto was demoted to offensive line coach, and eventually parted ways with the Lions in February 2009.

In the same press release, the Lions announced that, in addition to general manager Martin Mayhew having the "interim" tag removed, Tom Lewand was promoted to team president.

With their guaranteed number-one overall pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, the Lions selected quarterback Matthew Stafford.  As the Lions' subsequent franchise quarterback, Stafford set several dozen NFL and franchise records, including the most touchdowns in a game by a rookie quarterback during a Week 11 win against Cleveland in 2009.

Legacy
The 2008 season also marked the end of the "fifty year curse" that ex-quarterback Bobby Layne supposedly placed on the club when he was traded away a half-century earlier. The "curse" is considered a hoax, as there was no reporting of such a statement in 1958, and Layne himself denied saying it. (Even so, the phrase "the Lions will not win for fifty years" was grimly ironic, as the 2008 team failed to win even a single game'', let alone a championship.)

The Lions became only the second NFL team of the post-merger era to go winless without a tie in the regular season, and the first to go 0–16. The Lions ended 2008 having lost 23 of their last 24 regular-season games, going back to the previous season, and a total of seventeen consecutive regular season losses.

On the NFL Network's 'Top 10 Worst Teams of All Time', the 2008 Lions were placed at #1, with the aforementioned Buccaneers teams ranking as the second-worst team(s) ever. Dan Orlovsky's run out of the end zone for a safety during their Week 6 game against the Vikings topped the list of ESPN's Not Top 10 of 2008.

Calvin Johnson tied with Larry Fitzgerald for leading the league in receiving touchdowns, hauling in 12 in 2008. He went on to set an NFL record for most receiving yards in a season, recording 1,964 yards in 2012 and breaking Jerry Rice's previous record.  Johnson was also inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2021. Three players went on to participate in Super Bowl XLVIII: Manny Ramirez and Paris Lenon for the Denver Broncos and Cliff Avril for the eventual champion Seattle Seahawks. Practice squad member Jake Nordin was a member of the Las Vegas Locomotives when they won the 2009 UFL Championship.

Defensive end Corey Smith, who recorded an interception and a fumble recovery in 2008, went missing after his boat capsized off of Florida's Gulf Coast, and was declared dead on March 1, 2009.  The Lions retired his number 93 for the 2009 season in his honor. Guard Damion Cook died of a heart attack in 2015 at the age of 36.

The last remaining active member of the 2008 Detroit Lions was Don Muhlbach, who retired after the 2020 season.

Tight end Dan Campbell became the Lions head coach prior to the 2021 season. Jon Kitna was the quarterbacks coach for the Dallas Cowboys in 2019, reuniting him with former coach Marinelli, who was the Cowboys' defensive coordinator. Mike Furrey is now the wide receivers coach for the Chicago Bears. Drew Henson, who played for the New York Yankees prior to his NFL career, is now a professional scout in the Yankees organization. Dan Orlovsky retired in 2017, and is now an analyst for ESPN's coverage of NCAA and NFL football. Scot Loeffler went on to join the coaching staff of Urban Meyer at Florida, eventually helping Tim Tebow in his player development, and is now the head coach at Bowling Green. Strong safety Daniel Bullocks is now the safeties coach of the San Francisco 49ers.

See also
 List of winless seasons
 The Curse of Bobby Layne
 2017 Cleveland Browns season

Notes

References

Detroit Lions seasons
Detroit
Detroit Lions
National Football League winless seasons


Mr. Wu is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by William Nigh and starring Lon Chaney, based on a 1913 stage play. Chaney portrays a Chinese patriarch who tries to exact revenge on the Englishman who seduced his daughter.

Plot
In the prologue, Chaney plays Grandfather Wu, entrusting his grandson's education to a trusted English associate, stating "The West is coming to the East. He [my heir] must be prepared for both." Chaney also plays the part of the grandson as a young man who enters an arranged marriage with a delicate girl who dies after giving birth to a daughter. Wu swears he will raise the child as a daughter and a son.

As Mr. Wu's daughter, Nang Ping, emerges into womanhood, he arranges a marriage for her with a mandarin. A lively, spirited girl, she has been educated by her father's old tutor. Despite the seclusion of her father's palace, she meets and falls in love with Basil Gregory, a young Englishman. His father is a diplomat who does not respect Chinese ways and insults the "damned Chinks" to their faces, although the rest of his family is courteous.

Basil later informs Nang Ping that he must return to Britain with his family. However, she surprises him with the revelation that she carries his child. Later, Basil indicates he indeed wants to marry her, but she then claims she was merely trying to establish if he was an "honorable man", and reveals she is already engaged in an arranged marriage. Via a nosy gardener, Nang Ping's father discovers the relationship.

While Wu agonizingly peruses his culture's ancient writings, he concludes that a dishonored daughter must "die by the hand of her father."  Despite his great tenderness and love for her, he interprets customary Chinese law as grimly necessitating Nang Ping's execution. Father and daughter bid each other a tearful goodbye. She asks him to spare her lover, indicating that would make death less painful and less meaningless for her. She then obediently retreats to the home's central shrine. The last scene of that act concludes as the curtain dramatically drops over the profile of Wu lifting his sword high above his daughter's prostrate form.

Wu then goes about exacting revenge on the Gregory family, whom he feels is responsible for the "dishonor" and subsequent death of his daughter. He invites Mrs. Gregory and her daughter to his home and tricks the daughter into going into Nang Ping's room, immediately locking her in, imprisoning her on the room's raised outdoor terrace. He has Basil tied up in an adjacent garden, flanked by an axe-wielding servant. By sunset, Mrs. Gregory has the choice of either condemning her son to death or her daughter to prostitution. She says there is another way and offers her own life. Wu explains that this is not the custom in China; the parents are obliged to live on and bear the shame. Nonetheless, Mrs. Gregory continues to insist Wu take her life instead of those of her children, and in an ensuing struggle, Mrs. Gregory stabs Wu with a knife from a nearby desk, thus freeing herself, and ultimately, her daughter and Basil. Wu staggers to strike the gong to signal that Basil should be killed anyway, but a vision of Nang Ping appears, shaking her head and imploring her father with outstretched arms. Pursuing the ghostly image into the hall, Wu dies and is found by his old friend and tutor, who picks up Wu's prayer beads and says "Thus passes the House of Wu."

Cast

Lon Chaney as Mr. Wu / Grandfather Wu
Louise Dresser as Mrs. Gregory
Renée Adorée as Wu Nang Ping
Holmes Herbert as Mr. Gregory
Ralph Forbes as Basil Gregory
Gertrude Olmstead as Hilda Gregory
Mrs. Wong Wing as Ah Wong
Claude King as Mr. James Muir
Sonny Loy as Little Wu
Anna May Wong as Loo Song
Toshia Mori as Nang Ping's friend (credited as Toshia Ichioka)

Production
Mr. Wu was originally a stage play, written by Harold Owen and Harry M. Vernon. It was first staged in London in 1913; the first U.S. production opened in New York on October 14, 1914 with stage star Walker Whiteside playing Wu.

The film was shot at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City, California. Script supervisor Willard Sheldon later recalled that Chaney had a good working relationship with director William Nigh and that production went smoothly.

Release
Mr. Wu was released on March 26, 1927. Wu Li Chang, a Spanish-language version of Mr. Wu, was produced in 1930.

References

Sources

External links

  (for the Spanish remake)

1927 films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by William Nigh
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Silent American drama films
1927 drama films
1920s American films


Purkinje cell protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCP4 gene. Also known as PEP-19, PCP4 is a 7.6 kDa protein with an IQ-motif that binds to calmodulin (CaM). PCP4 is abundant in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and plays an important role in synaptic plasticity.

Function

PCP4 knockout mice have been reported to exhibit impaired locomotor learning and markedly altered synaptic plasticity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. PCP4 accelerates both the association and dissociation of calcium (Ca2+) with calmodulin (CaM), which is postulated to influence the activity of CaM-dependent enzymes, especially CaM kinase II (CaMK-II).

References

Further reading


Stathmin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STMN3 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the stathmin/oncoprotein 18 family of microtubule-destabilizing phosphoproteins. It is similar to the SCG10 protein and is involved in signal transduction and regulation of microtubule dynamics.

Interactions

STMN3 has been shown to interact with TRPC5.

References

Further reading


WZTA (1370 AM) is a commercial radio station in Vero Beach, Florida. The station serves the Treasure Coast area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. WZTA broadcasts a conservative talk radio format, and is known on air as "The Patriot".

Programming on WZTA is also heard on FM translator W300BQ at 107.9 MHz.

History
On October 24, 1954, the station signed on as WNTM. It originally was a daytimer, required to leave the air at sunset every night. It was owned by Central Florida Broadcasting and had a power of 1,000 watts, days only. It was a rare station in that era to have a female president, Naomi T. Murrell. WNTM was a network affiliate of the Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS).

The station later changed its call sign to WAXE.

Until July 2, 2020, WZTA had broadcast a talk radio format and carried syndicated programming from Premiere Networks and Fox News Radio. During evening and overnight hours from 7 pm to 5 am, the station played adult standards music.

On November 1, 2023, WZTA changed their format from oldies to conservative talk, branded as "The Patriot".

Former logo

References

External links

ZTA
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Florida
IHeartMedia radio stations


The 2008 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise's 33rd season in the National Football League (NFL), the seventh season in Qwest Field, and the tenth and final under head coach Mike Holmgren. The Seahawks' streak of four consecutive NFC West divisional championships was broken, as they fell to a 4–12 record and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2002.

2008 NFL Draft

Final roster

     Starters in bold.
 (*) Denotes players that were selected for the 2009 Pro Bowl.

Notable roster additions
G Mike Wahle- Signed as a free agent from the Carolina Panthers
RB Julius Jones- Signed as a free agent from the Dallas Cowboys
RB TJ Duckett- Signed as a free agent from the Detroit Lions
K Olindo Mare- Signed as a free agent from the New Orleans Saints
DT Larry Tripplett- Signed as a free agent from the Buffalo Bills (released before the start of the regular season)
TE Jeb Putzier- Signed as a free agent from the Houston Texans (released during regular season)
P Reggie Hodges- Signed as a free agent (released before the start of the regular season)

Notable roster losses
K Josh Brown- Left as a free agent to sign with the St. Louis Rams
WR D.J. Hackett- Left as a free agent to sign with the Carolina Panthers
DT Chuck Darby- Left as a free agent to sign with the Detroit Lions
T Tom Ashworth- Released
RB Shaun Alexander- Released
G Chris Gray – Retired

Team captains
 Matt Hasselbeck
 Walter Jones
 Deon Grant
 Lofa Tatupu
 Lance Laury
 D. D. Lewis

Schedule

Preseason

Regular season

Bold indicates division opponents.
Source: 2008 NFL season results

Standings

Game summaries

Preseason

Week P1: at Minnesota Vikings

Week P2: vs. Chicago Bears

Week P3: at San Diego Chargers

Week P4: vs. Oakland Raiders

Regular season

Week 1: at Buffalo Bills

The Seahawks began their 2008 campaign on the road against the Buffalo Bills. In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Bills RB Marshawn Lynch got a 21-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Seahawks continued to struggle as WR/PR Roscoe Parrish returned a punt 63 yards for a touchdown.  Seattle responded with QB Matt Hasselbeck completing a 20-yard TD pass to WR Nate Burleson. Buffalo closed out the half with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 35-yard and a 38-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Seahawks replied with kicker Olindo Mare nailing a 45-yard field goal.  However, the Bills pulled a trick play on Seattle. Appearing to go for a 32-yard field goal, Buffalo's holder (punter Brian Moorman) instead threw a 19-yard TD pass to DE Ryan Denney. The Bills pulled away with QB Trent Edwards completing a 30-yard TD pass to TE Robert Royal.

With the loss, the Seahawks began their season at 0–1.

Week 2: vs. San Francisco 49ers

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Bills, the Seahawks played their Week 2 home opener their NFC West foe, the San Francisco 49ers.  In the first quarter, the 'Hawks RB Julius Jones got a 27-yard TD run, along with DT Craig Terrill returning a fumble 10 yards for a touchdown.  The 49ers would reply with kicker Joe Nedney getting a 26-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Nedney gave San Francisco a 28-yard field goal.  Seattle responded with kicker Olindo Mare getting a 51-yard field goal.  The 49ers would hack away at the lead as QB J. T. O'Sullivan completed a 3-yard TD pass to WR Bryant Johnson, yet the Seahawks closed out the half with Mare's 38-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, San Francisco took the lead with LB Patrick Willis returning an interception 86 yards for a touchdown, along with RB Frank Gore's 2-yard TD run.  Seattle regained the lead as RB T. J. Duckett made a 1-yard TD run, along with Mare kicking a 32-yard field goal.  However, the 49ers tied the game with Nedney's 28-yard field goal.  In overtime, San Francisco's Nedney nailed the game-winning 40-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 0–2.

Julius Jones (26 carries for 127 yards and a touchdown) got his first 100-yard game since Week 14 of 2006.

Week 3: vs. St. Louis Rams

The Seahawks stayed at home for a Week 3 NFC West duel with the St. Louis Rams.  In the first quarter, Seattle's kicker Olindo Mare made a 28-yard field goal.  The Seahawks continued their assault as QB Matt Hasselbeck completed a 10-yard TD pass to rookie WR Michael Bumpus and RB Julius Jones getting a 29-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Rams got on the board with former Seahawks kicker Olindo Mare getting a 43-yard field goal.  Seattle would reply with RB T. J. Duckett getting a 4-yard TD run.  St. Louis tried to rally as Brown kicked a 29-yard field goal, yet the Seahawks continued to increase their lead with Mare's 38-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Rams tried to come back as QB Marc Bulger completed a 21-yard TD pass to WR Dane Looker.  In the fourth quarter, Seattle flew away as Duckett got a 1-yard TD run and Mare nailed a 38-yard field goal.

With the win, the Seahawks entered their bye week at 1–2.

Week 5: at New York Giants

Coming off their bye week, the Seahawks flew to Giants Stadium for a Week 5 duel with the defending Super Bowl champions, the New York Giants.  In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as QB Eli Manning completed a 32-yard TD pass to WR Domenik Hixon.  The Seahawks responded with kicker Olindo Mare completing a 30-yard field goal, yet New York answered with RB Brandon Jacobs getting a 3-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Giants increased their lead with kicker John Carney getting a 29-yard field goal, Jacobs getting a 1-yard TD run, and Carney making a 33-yard field goal.  Seattle closed out the half with Mare kicking a 29-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, New York pulled away as Manning completed a 23-yard TD pass to WR Sinorice Moss, along with Carney nailing a 35-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Giants sealed the win as QB David Carr completed a 5-yard TD pass to Moss.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 1–3.

Week 6: vs. Green Bay Packers

Hoping to rebound from their blowout road loss to the Giants, the Seahawks returned home for a Week 6 duel with the Green Bay Packers, as head coach Mike Holmgren faced his former team for the last time.  Also, QB Seneca Wallace was unable to play due to a knee injury he suffered from last week.  QB Charlie Frye was given the start.

In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Packers kicker Mason Crosby got a 29-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, the Seahawks took the lead as kicker Olindo Mare got a 50-yard field goal, while Frye completed a 6-yard TD pass to rookie TE John Carlson.  Green Bay tied the game as QB Aaron Rodgers got a 1-yard TD run.

In the third quarter, the Packers regained the lead as Rodgers completed a 45-yard TD pass to WR Greg Jennings.  In the fourth quarter, Green Bay pulled away as Rodgers completed a 1-yard TD pass to FB John Kuhn, along with Crosby nailing a 51-yard field goal.  Seattle tried to come back as Frye completed a 5-yard TD pass to WR Keary Colbert, but the Packers' defense was too much.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 1–4.

Week 7: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Hoping to snap a two-game losing streak, the Seahawks flew to Raymond James Stadium for a Week 7 Sunday night duel with their 1976 expansion rival, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.  With QB Matt Hasselbeck recovering from an injured knee, back-up Seneca Wallace was given the start.

In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Buccaneers QB Jeff Garcia completed a 47-yard TD pass to TE Antonio Bryant.  In the second quarter, Tampa Bay increased their lead as RB Earnest Graham got a 1-yard TD run, along with kicker Matt Bryant getting a 27-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Seahawks got on the board as kicker Olindo Mare got a 26-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Buccaneers sailed away as Bryant nailed a 27-yard field goal.  Seattle ended the game's scoring as Wallace completed a 2-yard TD pass to rookie TE John Carlson.

With the loss, not only did the Seahawks fall to 1–5, but they also suffered their first-ever loss at Tampa Bay.

Week 8: at San Francisco 49ers

Trying to snap a three-game losing streak, the Seahawks flew to Bill Walsh Field at Candlestick Park for a Week 8 NFC West rematch with the San Francisco 49ers.  In the first quarter, the Seahawks took flight as kicker Olindo Mare got a 43-yard and a 42-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Seattle increased its lead with RB T. J. Duckett getting a 1-yard TD run.  The 49ers responded with kicker Joe Nedney getting a 42-yard field goal.  The Seahawks closed out the half as CB Josh Wilson returned an interception 75 yards for a touchdown.

In the third quarter, San Francisco responded with Nedney making a 40-yard field goal, yet Seattle responded with QB Seneca Wallace completing a 43-yard TD pass to FB Leonard Weaver.  In the fourth quarter, the 49ers tried to rally as QB Shaun Hill completed a 2-yard TD pass to WR Jason Hill, yet the 'Hawks pulled away as Wallace hooked up with Weaver on a 62-yard TD pass.

With the win, the Seahawks improved to 2–5.

Week 9: vs. Philadelphia Eagles

Coming off their divisional road win over the 49ers, the Seahawks went home for a Week 9 duel with the Philadelphia Eagles.  In the first quarter, the 'Hawks immediately took flight as QB Seneca Wallace completed a franchise-long 90-yard TD pass to WR Koren Robinson.  In the second quarter, the Eagles took the lead as QB Donovan McNabb completed a 22-yard TD pass to WR Reggie Brown and a 1-yard TD pass to Todd Herremans.

In the third quarter, Philadelphia continued its domination as kicker David Akers got a 39-yard and a 24-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Eagles flew away as Akers nailed a 42-yard and a 39-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 2–6. As of 2020, this is their most recent loss to Philadelphia.

Week 10: at Miami Dolphins

The Seahawks flew to Dolphin Stadium for a Week 10 interconference duel with the Miami Dolphins.  In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Dolphins QB Chad Pennington completed a 39-yard TD pass to WR Ted Ginn Jr.  In the second quarter, the Seahawks continued to trail as Miami unleashed another play from the infamous "Wildcat Offense", with RB Ronnie Brown handing the ball off to RB Ricky Williams, who then took the ball 51 yards for a touchdown.  Seattle responded as DB Jordan Babineaux returned an interception 35 yards for a touchdown.

In the third quarter, the Seahawks drew closer as former Dolphins kicker Olindo Mare nailed a 37-yard and a 27-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Dolphins answered with Brown getting a 16-yard TD run.  Seattle tried to come back as QB Seneca Wallace completed a 3-yard TD pass to WR Koren Robinson.  However, Miami's defense prevented Wallace's 2-point conversion pass from working.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 2–7.

Week 11: vs. Arizona Cardinals

Trying to snap a two-game skid, the Seahawks went home for a Week 11 NFC West duel with the Arizona Cardinals.  For this game, QB Matt Hasselbeck finally recovered from his knee injury and was able to reclaim his starting role.

In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Cardinals kicker Neil Rackers made a 38-yard field goal, along with RB J. J. Arrington getting a 4-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, Arizona increased their lead as Rackers got a 48-yard field goal.  The Seahawks got on the board as Hasselbeck completed a 13-yard TD pass to RB Maurice Morris.  The Cardinals closed out the half with Rackers making a 54-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Arizona increased its lead as Rackers nailed a 26-yard field goal, along with Warner completing a 6-yard TD pass to Arrington.  Seattle tried to rally as RB T. J. Duckett got a 1-yard (with a failed 2-point conversion) and a 2-yard TD run.  However, the Cardinals' defense prevented any possible comeback.

With the loss, the Seahawks fell to 2–8.

Week 12: vs. Washington Redskins

Trying to snap a three-game losing streak, the Seahawks stayed at home for a Week 12 duel with the Washington Redskins, headed by former Seahawk QB/Assistant Coach Jim Zorn.

In the first quarter, Seattle took flight as kicker Olindo Mare got a 45-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, the Redskins took the lead with RB Ladell Betts getting a 1-yard TD run.  The Seahawks got the lead again prior to halftime as QB Matt Hasselbeck completed a 4-yard TD pass to RB Maurice Morris.

In the third quarter, Washington retook the lead as kicker Shaun Suisham made a 26-yard field goal, while QB Jason Campbell completed an 8-yard TD pass to WR Antwaan Randle El.  In the fourth quarter, Seattle tried to come back as Hasselbeck completed a 10-yard TD pass to rookie TE John Carlson.  However, the Redskins retook with Suisham nailing a 22-yard field goal.  The Seahawks tried to get one final rally, but a Shawn Springs interception ended any hope of a comeback.

With the loss, Seattle fell to 2–9.

Week 13: at Dallas Cowboys

Trying to snap a four-game losing streak, the Seahawks flew to Texas Stadium for a Week 13 Thanksgiving duel with the Dallas Cowboys.  In the first quarter, Seattle trailed early as Cowboys QB Tony Romo completed a 16-yard TD pass to TE Martellus Bennett, along with RB Marion Barber getting a 2-yard TD run.  The Seahawks would respond with kicker Olindo Mare getting a 44-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Dallas answered with Romo completing a 7-yard TD pass to TE Jason Witten, while Folk got a 41-yard field goal.  Seattle would close out the half with Mare making a 38-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Seahawks tried to rally as Mare made a 25-yard field goal.  The Cowboys replied with Romo completing a 19-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens.  In the fourth quarter, Dallas closed out the game with Folk nailing a 42-yard field goal.

With the loss, Seattle fell to 2–10.

This would prove to be the final game in the career of Seahawks legend Walter Jones.

Week 14: vs. New England Patriots

Week 15: at St. Louis Rams

The Rams played a solid 1st half but the Seahawks turned the tables with 10 points in the final 2:47 for a 23–20 victory Sunday. T. J. Duckett's 1-yard run tied it, the Rams fizzled while going three-and-out, and Olindo Mare's 27-yard field goal as time expired ended the Seahawks' six-game losing streak and extended the Rams' losing streak to 8.

Week 16: vs. New York Jets

After snapping a six-game losing streak the previous week, the Seahawks went home for a Week 16 interconference duel with the New York Jets, in what would be Mike Holmgren's last home game as the franchise's head coach.

Seattle would trail in the first quarter as Jets kicker Jay Feely got a 20-yard field goal.  The Seahawks would respond with quarterback Seneca Wallace completing a 2-yard touchdown pass to rookie tight end John Carlson.

In the second half, Seattle pulled away with kicker Olindo Mare's 31-yard field goal in the third quarter and a 38-yard field goal in the fourth quarter, while the defense would shut down New York's offense.

With the win, the Seahawks improved to 4–11.  This was the only time during the season that the Seahawks won back-to-back games as well as their only win over a team with a winning record.  This was also only the second ever Seahawks home game with snow falling.

Week 17: at Arizona Cardinals

Coming off their home win over the Jets, the Seahawks closed out the Mike Holmgren era at the University of Phoenix Stadium in a Week 17 NFC West rematch with the Arizona Cardinals.  Seattle would get the first quarter lead as running back T. J. Duckett got a 1-yard touchdown run.  The Cardinals would take the lead in the second quarter as quarterback Kurt Warner completed a 16-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jerheme Urban and a 5-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald.  The Seahawks tied the game prior to halftime as quarterback Seneca Wallace completed a 30-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Deion Branch.

In the third quarter, Arizona retook the lead as Warner completed a 38-yard touchdown pass to Fitzgerald and a 14-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Steve Breaston.  Seattle tried to come back in the fourth quarter as Wallace hooked up with Branch again on a 2-yard touchdown pass, but the Cardinals closed out the game with kicker Neil Rackers nailing a 23-yard and a 32-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Seahawks' season ended at 4–12.

References

Seattle
Seattle Seahawks seasons
Seattle Seahawks


Neurotrimin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTM gene.

This gene encodes a member of the IgLON (LAMP, OBCAM, Ntm) family of immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell adhesion molecules. The encoded protein may promote neurite outgrowth and adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. This gene is closely linked to a related family member, opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML) on chromosome 11. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been found but only two variants have had their full-length sequences determined.

References

Further reading


Shaun Simpson (born July 22, 1966) is a retired professional wrestler from South Africa.

Career
Shaun Simpson is the son of professional wrestler Alec Simpson, who wrestled as Sammy Cohen. Shaun made his debut in 1987 for World Class Championship Wrestling. He formed a tag team with his brother, Steve Simpson, subsequently winning the WCWA World Tag Team titles. Their biggest feud was against John Tatum and Jack Victory.

In World Class, the Simpsons were allied (in storylines) with the Von Erich family, and were fan favorites in the territory.

He left WCCW with his brother in late 1989 to wrestle in South Africa but Steve Simpson returned in 1991 to wrestle in Global Wrestling Federation in Texas.

Championships and accomplishments
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #376 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992
PWI ranked him #341 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991
Texas Wrestling Federation
TWF Light-Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Wild West Wrestling
Wild West Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Steve Simpson
World Class Championship Wrestling / World Class Wrestling Association
WCWA Texas Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Steve Simpson
WCWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Steve Simpson

References

1966 births
20th-century professional wrestlers
Living people
South African male professional wrestlers
WCWA World Light Heavyweight Champions
WCWA World Tag Team Champions


WJNX (1330 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish News/Talk format. Licensed to Fort Pierce, Florida, United States, the station is currently owned by Port St. Lucie Broadcasters, Inc.

History
The station signed on as WARN on December 24, 1952, as an ABC affiliate. It was the second station to serve Fort Pierce following WIRA.

References

External links

JNX
Fort Pierce, Florida
Radio stations established in 1987
1987 establishments in Florida


David Thomas Kemp, FRS (born 24 February 1945) is a British physicist who is a professor working at the UCL Ear Institute in London.

He was educated at King's College London (BSc, 1966; AKC; PhD, 1970). He discovered the phenomenon of otoacoustic emission in July 1978 while working at the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital. He founded a company that makes equipment to test for hearing defects by detecting otacoustic emission, which is absent in the ears of people suffering deafness caused by neural impairment. Because the method does not require any cooperation from the subject, it is valuable for detecting deafness in babies.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2004.

References

External links
 UCL News

1945 births
Living people
Academics of University College London
Alumni of King's College London
Associates of King's College London
Fellows of the Royal Society


T-box transcription factor TBX22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX22 gene.

TBX22 is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of proteins that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the inherited X-linked disorder, cleft palate with ankyloglossia (tongue-tie), and it is believed to play a major role in human palatogenesis. It has previously been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome and it has now been demonstrated that mutations in the gene TBX22 are the cause of this syndrome. TBX22 mutations also result in non-syndromic cleft palate in some populations.

TBX22 is composed of seven exons spanning 8.7 kilobases of genomic DNA in Xq21.1. The TBX22 mRNA is 2099 base pairs long and encodes a 400-amino-acids protein containing a T-domain in its NH2-terminal region which has the unique feature of missing 20 amino-acids relative to the other known T-domains.

Function

T-box genes are members of a family of transcriptional regulators that contain a region encoding a conserved DNA-binding motif of approximately 200 amino acids: the T-domain. These genes are grouped together on the basis of the homology existing between their products and the mouse Brachyury (or T) protein. In human and mouse, numerous T-domain-containing genes have been identified so far and mapped throughout the genome. The spatio-temporal expression of these genes is strictly regulated during the development of both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Functional studies have demonstrated that several T-box genes are involved in mesoderm specification in the developing embryo of mouse or Xenopus. In mice, the Brachyury gene is expressed in early mesoderm cells and its expression then becomes restricted to the notochord. The Brachyury protein binds as a dimer to a 20-nucleotide partially palindromic sequence recognized by its T-domain. More generally, T-box genes have been shown to be critical during development for proper morphogenesis and organogenesis. Abnormal expression of several T-box genes has been shown to cause developmental anomalies in mouse, Drosophila or zebrafish.

Clinical significance

In humans, two T-box genes are involved in inherited disorders: mutations in TBX5 cause Holt–Oram syndrome, whereas mutations in TBX3 cause ulnar–mammary syndrome.

Mutations in TBX22 cause X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia. CPX has been described in a small number of families exhibiting a strong X linked Mendelian inheritance. The cleft phenotype predominantly affects males who show variation ranging from a complete cleft of the secondary palate, submucous cleft, or bifid uvula to high arched palate. Ankyloglossia is frequently seen in affected patients and carrier females, and has proved to be a useful indicator of CPX. Temporal and spatial studies using in situ hybridization in both human and mouse has shown that TBX22/Tbx22 is expressed primarily in the palatal shelves and tongue during palatogenesis, indicating a specific role of TBX22 in both palatal and tongue development. In addition to families with well defined X linked inheritance, TBX22 mutations have been identified in several families where pedigree size and/or family history were too limited to predict mode of inheritance. In these cases, ascertainment was largely based on the presence of ankyloglossia as well as cleft palate.

It has been demonstrated that TBX22 makes a significant contribution to the prevalence of cleft palate at least in the Brazilian and the North American cohorts. To date, 10 different TBX22 mutations have been reported in patients with CP and/or ankyloglossia. These include small deletions/insertions, nonsense, splice site, frameshift and missense alterations.

References

Further reading

External links

 WikiGenes TBX22

Transcription factors


28S ribosomal protein S16, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS16 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S16P family. The encoded protein is one of the most highly conserved ribosomal proteins between mammalian and yeast mitochondria. Three pseudogenes (located at 8q21.3, 20q13.32, 22q12-q13.1) for this gene have been described.

References

Further reading

Ribosomal proteins


WSTU (1450 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Stuart, Florida, and serving the Treasure Coast.  It broadcasts a talk radio format.  The station is currently owned by Treasure Coast Broadcasters, Inc.

WSTU broadcasts at 1,000 watts.  It uses a non-directional antenna.

Programming
WSTU has a local weekday morning show, "Get Up and Go with Evan and Bonnie."   The rest of the weekday schedule includes some brokered programming hours, with conservative talk from Fox News Radio, including Brian Kilmeade, Jimmy Failla and Guy Benson.

History
WSTU signed on the air in December 1954.  Les Combs was the original owner.  In 1969 the station was sold to Harvey L Glascock, whose family owned the station until 1997 when it was sold to American Radio Systems.  After a brief ownership by a Broward County businessman, it was sold to Barry Grant Marsh and David Pomerance.  Marsh had been Operations Manager of WSTU for many years under the Glasscock family.

The station was purchased by Treasure Coast Broadcasters in 2001.  When WSTU went on the air, Stuart went from the biggest city on Florida's east coast without its own radio station to the smallest city on Florida's east coast with its own radio station.  WSTU had a strong local news commitment from the start, and continues that to this day under News Director Tom Teter, who has been with the station since 1980.  Teter has won many awards for news excellence from UPI and AP including Best Newscast in Florida and Best Spot News Reporting. From the earliest days the Martin County community viewed the station as more of a public utility than a privately owned radio station.

WSTU was also one of the first radio stations in Florida to broadcast high school sports on a regular basis and continues to broadcast high school football, basketball and baseball. Hamp Elliot did the play-by-play for many years followed by Teter who handled the play-by-play for more than 20 years.  Rick McGuire now does much of the play-by-play. This summary written by Tom Teter.

For a period of time,  WSTU (1450) AM radio station program schedule included a Saturday Night Dancing 'Bongo' Party from 7 p.m. to 11:30 p.m., hosted by Walter Oden. On weekday afternoons in the 1960s, the station played the 'pop' tunes and encouraged teens to call in and request a song to be dedicated to a friend or 'sweetheart,' which was then announced and played on-air. This radio show  is credited with easing the path to school integration in the late 1960s.

References

External links

STU
Radio stations established in 1954
1954 establishments in Florida


The Broighter Gold or more correctly, the Broighter Hoard, is a hoard of gold artefacts from the Iron Age of the 1st century BC that were found in 1896 by Tom Nicholl and James Morrow on farmland near Limavady, Ireland. The hoard includes a  gold boat, a gold torc and bowl and some other jewellery.

The National Museum of Ireland, who now hold the hoard, describe the torc as the "finest example of Irish La Tène goldworking". Replicas of the collection are kept at the Ulster Museum in Belfast.

A somewhat puzzling aspect of the hoard is that scientific analysis suggests the same source for the gold in all the pieces, but they show a great diversity in style, from Celtic to Roman.

A design from the hoard has been used as an image on the 1996 issue of the Northern Ireland British one-pound coins and the gold ship featured in a design on the last Irish commemorative one-pound coins.  The Broighter Collar and Broighter Ship also featured on definitive postage stamps of Ireland from 1990 to 1995.

Discovery

The hoard was found near Lough Foyle in a field in the townland of Broighter () 2 km northwest of Limavady in County Londonderry. It was discovered by Thomas Nicholl and James Morrow while working as ploughmen for Joseph L. Gibson in February 1896. They found the hoard whilst double ploughing. That means that one plough would follow the other to gain extra depth. It was estimated that the finds were buried  deep and were in close proximity to each other.

The find was taken to the farm where Maggie (later Mrs Nicholl) washed the items in a sink. At that time they did not realise they were made from gold. The hoard was eventually sold to the British Museum for six hundred pounds. It consisted of a miniature ship, complete with fittings and oars; two necklets, a bowl and a torc (or hollow collar). The find was described as a lump of mud when initially shown. Moreover, the boat had been so badly damaged by the plough that it took a goldsmith to later work out its structure.

Part of the boat, a thwart, was found a few days later and sold by Morrow's sister to a jeweller in Derry.

The finds
The hoard's gold shares metallurgical characteristics, despite the diverse styles of the pieces. Some appear to be imported, while others may be reworked or entirely remade.  One possibility is that a group of pieces made in the Roman Rhineland reached Ireland, perhaps after a period in Britain, where some pieces were remade, and the necklaces left as they were.

The boat

The boat measures  by  and weighs . It had benches, rowlocks, two rows of nine oars and a paddle rudder for steering. It also included tools for grappling, three forks, a yardarm, and a spear. The tools are of much lighter design than the ship's hull and are shown in the illustration. The boat suggests that the hoard was a votive deposit to the Celtic sea god Manannán mac Lir.

The torc

The other remarkable item was the torc or collar which is  in diameter with buffer terminals, using a mortice and tenon fastening. The hollow tube that made up the ring is  in diameter. The hinge is no longer there but it would have been required to put on the collar. The fastening consists of a "T" piece which fits into a slot as the torc is closed. A section can then be turned which captures the "T" and prevents it opening.

The design has been applied in three ways, the most common is where the classical designs of generic plants has been revealed by beating back the surrounding gold. Other areas have additional pieces attached and the background has been incised in geometric curves to add to the decoration.

There are no comparable La Tène style hollow torcs known from Ireland, although somewhat similar examples such as the Snettisham Torc are known from Britain in this period. The design on the torc can be studied easily by imagining the hollow tube as straightened and flattened. This was done in the first study of the hoard by Arthur Evans and his drawing can be seen here. The design matches other Irish pieces, and may have been a remodelling of a plainer British or Rhineland torc (the Rhineland is one possible source of the gold).

Bowl

An unusual gold bowl or model cauldron which was made from a single sheet of gold was discovered. Its purpose is unclear but it was probably a model of a large cauldron, which was an important object in the feasting culture of Iron Age Europe. It had four suspension loops on the outside, not all surviving. It is  in diameter and is about  deep. It weighs over . Hanging bowls were later to be a distinctive feature of post-Roman British and Irish art, often thought to be a speciality of Celtic areas.

Chain necklaces
There are two chain necklaces, using loop-in-loop technique, with clasps. One is 39.6 cm long, with triple chains, the other with a single chain but of more complicated construction. The chain technique spread from the Middle East to the Roman world, where these were probably made; the clasps match Roman and Etruscan examples.

Bar torcs

There are also two torcs made from single twisted bars of gold, a British style. One is complete, with a diameter of 18.6 cm, the other a semi-circular fragment. Despite unusual hook-in-loop fastenings and other features, these are probably imports from what is now south-eastern England.  The Stirling torcs from Scotland include two twisted "ribbon" torcs.

Ownership
The hoard was sold by the farmer, J.L.Gibson, to a jeweller in Derry who sold it to a local antiquarian, Robert Day. He sold it to the British Museum for £600. The museum had undisturbed ownership until the renowned Arthur Evans wrote a paper describing the find in 1897. The drawing of the torc design comes from this paper. The Royal Irish Academy disputed the British Museum's view that it was an ancient gift to the gods and launched a long running court case. The Academy wanted the finds to be declared treasure trove, that is, buried with the intention of recovery. Day, the antiquarian, was so aggrieved to have his sale disputed that he withdrew a gift he was going to make to the Irish Academy.

It was argued that the model of the boat and the "sea-horse image" on the torc when combined with the finding of nearby shells showed that the treasure had been placed in water deliberately as an offering to ancient gods. The map above shows how close the find was both to the sea and to reclaimed land where the railway then travelled. The British Museum's position was set out by Evans who had described the find as votive in his 1897 paper – ironically something the Academy's successor, the National Museum of Ireland, now consider likely, saying on their website: "The objects may have been buried as an offering to a Celtic god, presumably during the first Century BC".

The dispute was finally settled by a court in London in 1903 in an important case where the government was represented by Sir Edward Carson, who was a Unionist and Solicitor-General. A pivotal issue in the case was that the finds were all closely packed which was indicative of burial. It was held that the treasure was not a religious offering and was therefore forfeit to the crown. The treasure was taken to Dublin and placed in the museum there. Although some have suggested that the gold should be transferred to nearer their find-spot in what is now Northern Ireland, the items remain in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.

Importance
The hoard is considered an important find. The National Museum of Ireland believes that the collar is the "finest example of Irish La Tène goldworking". The eclecticism of the styles is comparable to that of the objects in the Stirling Hoard from Scotland, probably from a slightly earlier period. The torc was incorporated into a 1996 design for a British pound by Norman Sillman and the boat was used as a basis for the design for the last pound coin ever issued by the Irish Mint. This coin was issued to celebrate the millennium in 2000.

See also
 List of hoards in Ireland
 The Caergwrle Bowl, a miniature boat in shale with tin and gold, found at Caergwrle in Wales, in 1823
 Ardagh Hoard

Notes

References
Wallace, Patrick F., O'Floinn, Raghnall (eds.) (2002), Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish Antiquities, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin,

Further reading

External links

Treasures of early Irish art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 A.D., an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Broighter Gold (cat. no. 21)
Photo of Tom Nicholl

1896 archaeological discoveries
1896 in the United Kingdom
1896 in Ireland
Ancient Celtic metalwork
Archaeological sites in County Londonderry
Collection of the National Museum of Ireland
Torcs
Treasure troves in Northern Ireland


A visionary environment or fantasy world is a large artistic installation, often on the scale of a building or sculpture parks, intended to express a vision of its creator. The subjective and personal nature of these projects often implies a marginal status for the artists involved, and there is a strong association between visionary environments and outsider art.

List of visionary environments

 Jim Bishop: Bishop Castle (US)
 Aw Boon Haw (胡文虎) (sponsor/concept): Haw Par Villa (Singapore), Tiger Balm Garden (Hong Kong)
 Johann Michael Bossard: Kunststätte Bossard (Germany)
 Peter Camani: Midlothian Castle (Screaming Heads) (Canada)
 Ferdinand Cheval: Le Palais idéal (France)
 Jean Cocteau: Chapelle Saint-Pierre à Villefranche-sur-Mer, Chapelle Sainte-Blaise des Simples de Milly-la-Forêt (France)
 María Ángeles Fernández Cuesta: Arguedas, Navarre environment (Spain)
 Samuel P. Dinsmoor: Garden of Eden (US)
 Lluís Domènech i Montaner: Palau de la Música Catalana (Spain)
 Kevin Duffy: Rectory Garden Centre, Tudor Village (UK) (official site)
 Howard Finster: Paradise Garden (US)
 Tom Every: Forevertron (US)
 Robert Garcet (French Wikipedia article): Tour d'Eben-Ezer (French Wikipedia article) (Belgium)
 Antoni Gaudí: Park Güell, Sagrada Família, Casa Batlló, Casa Milà, Casa Vicens (Spain)
 Randy Gilson: Randyland (US)
 Manfred Gnädinger: The Museum of the German (Spain)
 Annie Hooper: Bible Stories (US)
 Friedensreich Hundertwasser: Hundertwasserhaus (Austria), Quixote Winery (California), Waldspirale, Grüne Zitadelle von Magdeburg (German Wikipedia article) (Germany)
 Raymond Isidore: Maison Picassiette (French Wikipedia article) (France)
 Mollie Jenson: Art Exhibit (US)
 Karl Junker (German Wikipedia article): Junkerhaus (German Wikipedia article) (Germany)
 Sergei Kirillov (С.И.Кириллов): Kirillov's house (Russia)
 Leonard Knight: Salvation Mountain (US)
 George Paul Kornegay, near Brent, Alabama (US)
 Chalermchai Kositpipat (เฉลิมชัย โฆษิตพิพัฒน์): Wat Rong Khun (Thailand)
 Bill Lishman: Underground house (Canada)
 Helen Martins: The Owl House (South Africa)
 Jeff D. McKissack: The Orange Show (US)
 John Milkovisch: The Beer Can House (US)
 Đặng Việt Nga: Hằng Nga Guesthouse (Vietnam)
 Mary Nohl Art Environment (US)
 Eddie Owens Martin: Pasaquan (US)
 Pirro Ligorio: Gardens of Bomarzo (Italy)
 Tressa Prisbrey: Bottle Village (US)
 Simon Rodia: Watts Towers (US)
 Nek Chand Saini (नेक चंद सैणी): Rock Garden of Chandigarh (India)
 Niki de Saint Phalle: The Garden of Tarot (Italy)
 Jules Senis: Jardin Rosa Mir (French Wikipedia article) (France)
 Vollis Simpson: Windmill Park (US)
 Bunleua Sulilat (บุญเหลือ สุรีรัตน์): Buddha Park (Laos), Sala Keoku (Thailand)
 Robert Tatin (French Wikipedia article): Musée Robert Tatin (France)
 Kea Tawana: Ark (US)
 Billy Tripp: The Mindfield (US)
 Lek Viriyaphant (เล็ก วิริยะพันธุ์) (sponsor/concept): Sanctuary of Truth, Erawan Museum, Ancient Siam (Thailand)
 Jacques Warminski: L’Hélice terrestre (France) (official site)
 Bruno Weber: Bruno Weber Park (Switzerland)
 Isaiah Zagar: Philadelphia's Magic Gardens (US)
 various artists: The Albany Bulb (US)

See also
Visionary environments (Wikipedia category listing)
Saving and Preserving Arts and Cultural Environments

References
John Maizels, Deidi von Schaewen (photo), Angelika Taschen (ed.), Fantasy Worlds, Taschen (2007)
John Maizels (ed.), Raw Vision Outsider Art Sourcebook, Raw Vision Ltd (2002)
John Beardsley, Gardens of Revelation: Environments by Visionary Artists, Abbeville Press (1995)
Roger Manley, Mark Sloan, Jonathan Williams, Ted Degener (photo), Marcus Schubert (photo), John Blumb (photo), Ron Byers (photo), Self-Made Worlds, Aperture (2005)
Leslie Umberger, Erika Doss, Ruth Kohler, Lisa Stone, Sublime Spaces and Visionary Worlds: Built Environments of Vernacular Artists, Princeton Architectural Press (2007)

External links
 SpacesArchives.org website
 Outsider Environments blogspot
 PBS.org: "Off the Map" travelogue menu
 Rawvision.com: Sourcebook
 Shrines.tv website

 01
Visual arts genres
Installation art
Naïve art
Outsider art
Architectural history
Landscape design history


WIRA (1400 AM) is a radio station currently broadcasting Latin-American music. Licensed to Fort Pierce, Florida, United States, the station serves the Vero Beach area, but also reaches to Sebastian, Florida. The station is currently owned by Carline Clerge, through licensee Caribbean Media Group, Inc. In addition, this radio station is also popularly known as "La Nueva" and is re-transmitted through the frequency 104.9 FM.

History
The station went on the air as WYFX on 1996-11-01.  On 1997-08-15, the station changed its call sign to the current WIRA.

References

External links

IRA
Fort Pierce, Florida
Radio stations established in 1996
1996 establishments in Florida


El Húsar de la Muerte () is a 1925 Chilean silent film directed by and starring Pedro Sienna. The movie depicts the adventures of guerrilla leader Manuel Rodríguez during the Reconquista, culminating in his death in 1818.

The film had its premiere in Santiago, Chile on 24 November 1925.

Plot
The movie begins after the Battle of Rancagua in 1814, where the royalist forces defeated the Chileans. Despite their victory, Manuel Rodríguez sends a note to the royalists warning them that their reign will soon end, and freedom is near. The patriots are inspired when Rodríguez visits them and informs them of his plans to meet with San Martín in Mendoza to discuss their next steps.

Upon returning, Rodríguez defeats two Talaveras soldiers, which alarms the royalists, especially Captain Vicente San Bruno. To avoid being caught, Rodríguez disguises himself and falls in love with Carmen de Aguirre, daughter of the Marquis of Aguirre.

Rodríguez recruits patriots to fight for their independence, including "el huacho pelao," a boy who decides to join the rebellion. Meanwhile, the royalists are in pursuit of Rodríguez, but he manages to elude them.

Rodríguez enters Governor Francisco Casimiro Marco del Pont's house in disguise and steals some documents with the help of "el huacho pelao." The governor offers a reward for anyone who captures Rodríguez, and one of his men betrays him. However, Rodríguez discovers this before the authorities arrive.

The royalists corner Rodríguez at the Aguirre estate, where he is wounded and taken care of by Carmen. When Captain San Bruno interrogates him, Rodríguez defeats him in a sword fight. He bids farewell to Carmen before leaving for Mendoza to give San Martín the stolen documents.

The movie ends with subtitles detailing subsequent events such as the Battle of Maipú and O'Higgins' rise to power. A scene shows a soldier narrating Rodríguez's death to his friends, who then bury him.

Production & film restoration
Director Pedro Sienna selected the cast from people that he found on the street.
The film was considered lost until 1959, when it was found in deplorable condition and with some title cards incomplete, but thanks to Pedro Sienna's own supervision, the film was restored in 1962 by Cineteca de la Universidad de Chile, with music by Sergio Ortega (with the Chilean government help).

Cast

References

External links
 El Húsar de la muerte in Arcoiris.tv
 Download the movie in Arcoiris.tv

  Movies Silently

1925 films
Films set in the 1810s
1920s Spanish-language films
Chilean silent films
Chilean historical films
Films set in Chile
Chilean biographical films
National Monuments of Chile
Chilean black-and-white films
1920s biographical films
Spanish language biographical films


Vesicle transport protein GOT1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLT1B gene.

Got1p is a protein that aides in vesicle transport through the Golgi apparatus of the cell. Got1p has a calculated mass of 15.4 kDa and consists of 138 residues. It is believed that the protein is a tetra-spanning membrane protein, and is evolutionarily conserved. Homologes of the protein have been found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Plasmodium falciparum, and in mammals. GOT1 is normally associated closely with Sf2p (encoded by sft2), which is another protein of similar function. In vivo, It has been found that the removal of these two proteins results in defects in endosome-Golgi traffic and ER-Golgi traffic. In vitro, the removal of got1 specifically, results in a defect in ER-Golgi transport in relation to vesicle tethering to Golgi membranes. The exact contribution that the protein has towards vesicle tethering is still a mystery, however, it is suspected that Got1p is involved in the release of Ca2+ in the Golgi membranes, causing ion channels associated with vesicle tethering to be affected.

References

Further reading


WTTB (1490 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Vero Beach, Florida, and serving the Treasure Coast.  It broadcasts a talk radio format, calling itself "Newsradio 105.7 and 1490."  The station is owned by Treausure & Space Coast Radio with the license held by Vero Beach Broadcasters, LLC.

WTTB is powered at 1,000 watts, non-directional.  It is also heard on 250 watt FM translator W289CF at 105.7 MHz in Vero Beach.

Programming
While most of WTTB's programming is nationally syndicated talk shows, there are two local hours each weekday featuring Treasure Coast news and information, at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.  Hosts heard on WTTB include Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck, Brian Kilmeade, Dan Bongino, Jim Bohannon, Doug Stephan, "America in The Morning" and "Coast to Coast AM with George Noory."  Weather is supplied by WPTV Channel 5.

History
WTTB is one of the oldest radio stations along the Treasure Coast.  It signed on the air on . Although it is widely believed the station's slogan, Where the tropics begin, originated with WTTB, Dr. John Leroy Hutchison has been credited for coining the phrase back in the 1920s–nearly three decades before WTTB went on the air. The phrase was used in the 2009 television series pilot for CBS's Harper's Island.

During the 1960s, 70s and 80s, the station featured a full service, middle of the road format of popular music, news and sports.  By the 1990s, it had ended its music programs and became all-talk.

References

External links

TTB
Radio stations established in 1954
1954 establishments in Florida


Soraya Moraes (born January 29, 1973) is a Brazilian gospel singer.

Moraes was born in São Paulo and sang in church as a child. Her professional career began in a band called Metanoya in 1992; their debut album, Guerra, was released in 1993. In 1998, she signed with Gospel Records as a solo artist, and her debut, Pensando em Deus, was released in 1999. Her 2004 release Deixa o Teu Rio Me Levar was awarded a Latin Grammy in 2007 for best Portuguese language Christian album. She also won four Troféu Talento awards. Moraes is a member of the Foursquare Church.

Awards
Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 - Best Christian Album (Spanish Language) with Tengo Sed de Tí
Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 - Best Christian Album (Portuguese Language) with Som da chuva (Line Records)
Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 - Best Brazilian Song with "Som da Chuva"
Latin Grammy Awards of 2005 - Best Christian Album (Portuguese Language) with Deixa o Teu Rio me Levar (Line Records)

Discography

Albums

Extended plays

International

Collections

References

[ Soraya Moraes] at Allmusic

External links
Official website

1973 births
Living people
Brazilian gospel singers
Latin Grammy Award winners
Singers from São Paulo
21st-century Brazilian singers
21st-century Brazilian women singers
Members of the Foursquare Church
Women in Latin music
Latin music songwriters


Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBTB7B gene.
ZFP67 is an early growth response gene that encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that binds to the promoter regions of type I collagen genes (e.g. COL1A1; MIM 120150) and has a role in development.[supplied by OMIM]

See also
 Zbtb7

References

Further reading

External links

Transcription factors


Southwest Island is an uninhabited
,  island in the southwest corner of St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia.

References

Landforms of Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
Islands of St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia
Uninhabited islands of Canada


WPSL (1590 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station, licensed to Port St. Lucie, Florida, and serving the Treasure Coast. It is owned by Port St. Lucie Broadcasters and broadcasts a talk radio format.

By day, WPSL is powered at 5,000 watts.  But to avoid interference with other stations on 1590 AM, it reduces power at night to 63 watts.  It uses a non-directional antenna.

History
WPSL's original construction permit was applied for on July 12, 1984.  It acquired the call sign WPSL.  It signed on the air on October 12, 1965.

It originally was a daytimer, broadcasting at 500 watts by day and going off the air at sunset.

References

External links

PSL
Port St. Lucie, Florida
Radio stations established in 1984
1984 establishments in Florida


39S ribosomal protein L4, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL4 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Sequence analysis identified alternatively spliced variants that encode different protein isoforms.

References

Further reading

External links

Ribosomal proteins