Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood is a novel  by Fatima Mernissi; the UK title has been The Harem Within: Tales of a Moroccan Girlhood. It describes her fictionalised youth in a Moroccan harem during the 1940s and explores the themes of Islamic feminism, Arab nationalism, French colonialism and the clash between the traditional and the modern. It is a fictional work, although this fact is only noted in the French version, not the English.

The book centers around the harem experiences of a girl named Fatima. The women around her experience restricting patriarchal rules restricting their lives. They challenge such rules as un-Islamic, and Fatima's mother ensures that Fatima gets an education. The book has been seen as challenging Orientalist stereotypes of Muslim women, and being an example of Islamic feminist literature.

Content

This details a fictive account of Mernissi's childhood and adolescence in a traditional harem in Fez, Morocco, during the 1940s and early 1950s. The protagonist narrates her childhood at both the traditional, walled harem in Fez and the equally traditional but geographically open harem belonging to her grandfather, in the countryside.

Fatima's mother desires to see her children independent (throughout the novel the mother remains nameless). When Fatima is born, her mother insists on celebrating her birth just as the birth of Samir, her male cousin. She persuades Fatima's father to send Fatima to school. Fatima's mother sometimes clashes with the family matriarch, Fatima's grandmother, as the latter is quite traditional. But Fatima's mother's views are supported by Aunt Habiba, a divorcee, and cousin Chama. Aunt Habiba reflects that colonization of Morocco may have been the punishment of Allah against men for oppressing women. Aunt Habiba often serves as an inspiration for Fatima. Fatima herself argues that oppressive traditions are not rooted in Islam. Mina is a former slave, who was kidnapped by slave traders and underwent ordeals in captivity. Her story of resistance and will to survive inspires Fatima. Fatima described her grandfather's position on slavery: "Grandfather was a nice man, but he bought slaves. It was the natural thing to do back then. Now he has changed, and... he supports... the abolition of slavery."

Yasmina is Fatima's maternal grandmother who lives in the countryside with her husband and his co-wives, which include Lalla Thor, Yaya and Tamou. Each co-wife has her own garden for growing vegetables and raising hens and peacocks. Yasmina's husband spends one night with each wife, which means she has to sleep alone for several nights in a row. Like her daughter, Yasmina disapproves the patriarchy as un-Islamic. She sees the rules restricting the lives of women as worse than material gates and walls. Yasmina predicts Fatima's life will be better than previous generations.

Chama humorously conjectures how the harem started. Long ago men decided that the ruler would be the one among them who could catch and confine the most women for himself. The Roman emperor won the first round and ruled the East and West because of his large harem. Then, Harun al-Rashid managed to confine the most women in his palace, thus he ruled. Then the Europeans changed the rules: the ruler would be the one who builds the most weapons. That is how the French came to rule the Arabs, even though their president only has one wife. Chama's story delights Fatima, but is condemned as ridiculing custom by the conservative paternal grandmother.

When Fatima was a girl, her father told her that Allah had created boundaries between men and women (hudud): "Harmony exists when each group respects the prescribed limits of the other; trespassing leads only to sorrow and unhappiness." Yet women around Fatima dreamed of trespassing these boundaries all the time; hence the title of the book.

Characters

Fez
Uncle Ali: Mernissi's uncle and her father's oldest brother.
Father: Mernissi's father, the younger of the two brothers who live in the harem
Lalla Radia: the narrator's aunt
Mother: Fatima Mernissi's mother, an outspoken feminist and opponent of harem life
Lalla Mani: Mernissi's paternal grandmother, an extremely conservative, traditional matriarch
Cousin Samir: Mernissi's male cousin, born just a few hours before her. He is a constant companion throughout childhood
Cousin Chama: Mernissi's female cousin, a natural performer and storyteller
Aunt Habiba:  near the terrace of the Fez harem, who possesses great tenderness and storytelling skill
Cousin Malika: Mernissi's manipulative older cousin
Ahmed: the hired doorkeeper, whose job it is to ensure that none of the women leave the harem without permission
Mina: a harem slave whose story of captivity inspires Mernissi to bravery
Lalla Tam: Mernissi's exacting Quranic school instructor; one of the few individuals in the story who are not members of the harem

The Harem in the Countryside
Yasmina: Mernissi's affectionate, rebellious maternal grandmother.
Lalla Thor: The "first wife" of Mernissi's grandfather; (Tazi) who alienates herself from the other wives through her wealth and haughtiness.
Tamou: a warrior and widow from the Atlas Mountains (An Amazigh), whose family (Father, Husband, and a young Son and Daughter) were killed while combatting Spanish occupation. Mernissi's grandfather Tazi shelters and marries her, and she and Yasmina eventually become friends.
Yaya: a wife from Sudan, who suffers from homesickness until Yasmina and Tamou find and plant a banana tree for her.

Author and historical context
Fatima Mernissi was a Moroccan feminist. She grew up in a harem in Morocco in the 1940s and the book recounts her experiences. This time period was one of significant cultural change in the country. Morocco was in the midst of a nationalist struggle against French domination. Nationalists had promised equal rights for women. Just as Fatima's mother hoped, Mernissi got an education and became a leader writer in the Arab world.

Filiz Turhan-Swenson sees Mernissi as part of a movement of Muslim women who have presented their own experiences and their struggles with social constraints. This genre debunks the two Western stereotypes of Muslim women: the quiet victim and the lascivious odalisque. This genre also critiques both political and domestic forces that shape their world.

Analysis
Dreams of Trespass blurs the boundaries of autobiography, fiction, and history. The book contains ample references to the independence of Morocco and the role women played in it. The voice of the narrator (Fatima, the author herself) is polyphonic. For most of the book, Fatima is a confused child asking questions about her world. But later this voice modulates into a mature poetic response to the answers of her elders. Alongside these two voices is a third one that sometimes intervenes to give footnotes on Moroccan history and Muslim customs.

Marta Mamet-Michalkiewicz, of University of Silesia, sees the book as deconstructing Orientalist myths regarding the harem.

Filiz Turhan-Swenson writes that the book presents powerful feminist perspectives among women who are older, traditional and illiterate and dislike the patriarchy. This challenges notions that Muslim women in patriarchy either love their own oppression or are unaware that they are being oppressed.

Abdellah Elboubekri writes that in the book, Mernissi criticizes patriarchal construct (eg the harem), that are sustained by social customs and beliefs but is contrary to Islamic teachings of female emancipation. Elboubekri thus sees the book as an example of Islamic feminism.

Christine Eickleman points out anachronisms in the book. The word Arabic word "harem" was not commonly used in Morocco at the time, nor the other terms Mernissi uses like "men's power" and "political irrelevance". Likewise, Eickleman argues that as uneducated Moroccans do not understand literary Arabic, the illiterate women of Fatima's household would not have understood Radio Cairo or medieval Arabic literature as easily as they do in the book.

Reception
Dreams of Trespass is Fatima Mernissi's most translated work of fiction. The book has been translated and republished in more than 20 languages.

References

Memoirs
Islamic feminism
1994 non-fiction books
Books by Fatema Mernissi
History of women in Morocco


Oliver Roggisch (born 25 August 1978 in Villingen-Schwenningen) is a retired German team handball player who played for Rhein-Neckar Löwen.He currently serves as the sporting director for the Löwen as well as for the German national team. Roggisch is a World champion from 2007 with the German national team. He participated for the German team that finished fourth at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship.

Club player
Roggisch won the EHF Cup in 2007 with the club SC Magdeburg.

References

1978 births
Living people
German male handball players
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for Germany
SC Magdeburg players
Rhein-Neckar Löwen players
Frisch Auf Göppingen players
People from Villingen-Schwenningen
Sportspeople from Freiburg (region)


Lewis R. Hall (March 2, 1895 – January 10, 1943) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Hall joined the Army from Obetz, Ohio, and by January 10, 1943, was serving as a technician fifth grade in Company M, 35th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division. During a Japanese attack on that day, at Mount Austen, Guadalcanal, in the Solomon Islands, he refused an order to withdraw after many men in his unit had been killed or wounded and, with fellow soldier Sergeant William G. Fournier, stayed behind to man a machine gun. Hall was killed at the gun, while Fournier was badly wounded and died three days later. Both men were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on June 5, 1943.

Hall, aged 47 at his death, was buried in Glen Rest Memorial Estate, Reynoldsburg, Ohio.

Medal of Honor citation
Technician Fifth Grade Hall's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty. As leader of a machinegun squad charged with the protection of other battalion units, his group was attacked by a superior number of Japanese, his gunner killed, his assistant gunner wounded, and an adjoining guncrew put out of action. Ordered to withdraw from his hazardous position, he refused to retire but rushed forward to the idle gun and with the aid of another soldier who joined him and held up the machinegun by the tripod to increase its field of action he opened fire and inflicted heavy casualties upon the enemy. While so engaged both these gallant soldiers were killed, but their sturdy defense was a decisive factor in the following success of the attacking battalion.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1895 births
1943 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Franklin County, Ohio
United States Army non-commissioned officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor


Gyland Station () is a railway station of the Sørlandet Line situated at Gyland in Flekkefjord, Norway. Located  from Oslo Central Station, it is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge. In addition to intercity services to Oslo and Stavanger, the eight daily trains in each direction serve as a commuter link to Kristiansand, located 70 minutes away.

The station was opened on 17 December 1943 as part of the segment of the Sørlandet Line between Kristiasand and Sira. The line past the station was electrified from 18 February 1944. It received a station building designed by Gudmund Hoel. The station received centralized traffic control in 1969 and has been unmanned since 1986. Gyland served 13,800 passengers in 2008.

History
Gyland Station was built during the Second World War under the German-administrated expansion of the Sørlandet Line west of Kristiansand. It was originally proposed to be named Storeness, but this was changed to Gyland by the time the station opened in 1943. It served what was then the municipality of Gyland. Irregular revenue traffic commenced on the line on 17 December 1943 and the station became operative from the same day. Electric traction was introduced on 18 February 1944, ahead of ordinary traffic commencing on 1 March 1944.

The cargo annex was extended in 1950. An interlocking system became operational on 10 June 1969, allowing the station to become remotely controlled from 19 August 1969. The station became unmanned from 1 June 1986.

The short platforms have caused the Norwegian Railway Authority to demand that they be lengthened with 2019, or the station closed. The National Rail Administration determined in 2009 that Gyland would be one of eighteen prioritized stations which would have their platforms lengthened and heightened the same year. The work was completed in early 2010.

Facilitates

Gyland Station is a station on the Sørlandet Line, located  from Oslo Central Station at an elevation of  above mean sea level. The station is located just east of the  Gyland Tunnel, which runs almost the entire distance to Storekvina Station. To the west is the  Fedog Tunnel. Although originally featuring four tracks, the station now consist of a  passing loop. Trains normally stop at the main side platform, which is  and  tall. Track 2 is served by an island platform which measures  in length and  in height.

The station building designed by Gudmund Hoel and Bjarne F. Baastad at NSB Arkitektkontor. Like the other stations along the Sørlandet Line, the station building received a standardized design. It was built in the overall Neoclassical architecture style adapted in the 1920s. By the 1940s the designs had been altered to include elements of functionalism. The  main building is wooden with a concrete foundation. It has siding in wood and a gable roof. The building consists of a main section, where the lower story originally featured a ticketing and waiting room, and an upper story with the station master's residence. The annex was allocated cargo handling.

Today the station building features a waiting room and washrooms, open around the clock except from 21:00 on Saturday to 07:00 on Sunday. There is free parking for 30 cars at the station, as well as parking facilities for bicycles.

Services
The station is served by long-distance trains operated by Go-Ahead, counting eight daily services on weekdays, including a night train service. These operate from Oslo via Kristiansand to Stavanger. The station had 13,800 annual passengers in 2008.

References

Railway stations in Flekkefjord
Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations opened in 1943
1943 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1940s


In Greek mythology, Amechania or Amekhania (Ancient Greek: Àμηχανίην) was the spirit of helplessness. She was regarded as a close companion (and sister) of Penia and Ptocheia. She was virtually identical to Aporia. Amechania was mentioned by ancient Greek authors such as Alcaeus and Herodotus.

Notes

References

 Herodotus, The Histories with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. . Online version at the Topos Text Project. Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library.

Greek goddesses
Personifications in Greek mythology


Hugo Vihlen (born November 13, 1931) is a single-handed sailor who set world records by crossing the Atlantic Ocean in two tiny sailboats in 1968 and 1993.

1968 transatlantic crossing
On March 29, 1968, Vihlen departed Casablanca, Morocco, in his 5-foot, 11-inch (1.8 m) sailboat April Fool. Over the course of 84 days he sailed some  before his progress was thwarted by winds and currents. Vihlen was able to approach to within  of Miami on the night of June 20 but he was pushed back to sea by offshore winds and the currents of the Gulf Stream. The United States Coast Guard launched a search for the sailor on the morning of June 21 at the request of his parents. He was first spotted by a party aboard the First Edition, a boat owned by Fort Lauderdale publisher Ted Gore who gave Vihlen food and water. Gore offered to tow Vihlen to shore but the sailor refused. Vihlen and April Fool eventually were taken aboard the United States Coast Guard Cutter Cape Shoalwater and then Vihlen transferred to the fishing boat Sea Wolf where his son and wife were waiting for him. At the time of the voyage, Vihlen was a co-pilot for Delta Air Lines living in Homestead, Florida.

The voyage is described in Vihlen's book April Fool, or, How I Sailed from Casablanca to Florida in a Six-foot Boat.

1993 transatlantic crossing
In 1993, he chose to leave from the U.S. coast and headed for England, crossing the North Atlantic in a boat, named Father's Day, that was just  long. The story of this four-month journey is told in Vihlen's book The Stormy Voyage of Father's Day (written with the help of Joanne Kimberlin).

Father's Day was originally built at 5 feet 6 inches long. On Vihlen's first attempt out of St. John's, Newfoundland, he met his rival and newfound friend Tom McNally who was also pursuing the record of crossing the North Atlantic from West to East. Tom's boat the, Big C, was 1 and 1/2 inches smaller than the Father's Day. The first attempt out of Cape Cod was thwarted by the U.S. Coast Guard. Vihlen decided to leave from Canada where the distance was shorter, the currents were closer and the U.S. Coast Guard was absent. But he failed on his second attempt due to light and variable winds. That is when he went home and cut 2 inches off of his boat. In 1993 he set out again from St. John's, Newfoundland sailing to Falmouth, England in a 5-foot 4 inch sailboat taking 115 days. This trip earned him the record for the shortest boat to have crossed the Atlantic; the record for the smallest vessel by volume is held by Hannes Lindemann who crossed the Atlantic in a folding kayak.

Notes

Further reading
RECORD-SEEKING SAILOR CLOSE TO CROSSING ATLANTIC Newslibrary.com, published on August 31, 1993
CAPE COD SAILOR PERSISTS IN BID TO MAKE OCEAN CROSSING WON'T LET COAST GUARD BAN STOP HIM Boston Globe, published on June 6, 1993

1931 births
American sailors
Living people
People from Florida
Single-handed sailors
Commercial aviators


Neferkare VII was the third pharaoh of the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt of ancient Egypt, ca. 2140 BCE (during the First Intermediate Period), according to the Turin King List where his name, Neferkare, is inscribed in the register 4.20.

Neferkare is not included on the Abydos King List or the Saqqara King List, nor can the existence of his reign be positively confirmed through archaeological finds.

The prenomen "Neferkare" suggests he considered himself a legitimate successor of Pepi II Neferkare of the Sixth Dynasty, much like the many namesake Memphite kings of the Eighth Dynasty. In some literature he is called "Neferkare VII" because he likely was the seventh king to bear this name, although many of his predecessors are now called by a combination of their prenomen and nomen (for example, Neferkare Neby, or Neferkare Pepiseneb).

This otherwise unattested ruler of Herakleopolis Magna has been controversially identified by various scholars with a king named Ka-nefer-re, who is mentioned in an obscure and isolated tomb inscription of Ankhtifi, the pro-Herakleopolite nomarch of Hieraconpolis and prince of El-Mo'alla, about  south of Thebes.
If Neferkare and Kaneferre were the same pharaoh, his authority is sometimes presumed from Ankhtifi's inscription to have extended at least over Elephantine, Edfu and Hieraconpolis, the capitals of the first three nomoi of Upper Egypt. However, the inscription in question simply states "Horus brings/brought (or may Horus bring) a (good) inundation for his son Ka-nefer-Re." Uncertainty about the verb tense in the inscription has led to disagreement among various scholars as to whether this named pharaoh would have ruled in Ankhtifi's youth, or at the time of the events he describes, or indeed if it were not a king before Ankhtifi's time, who had ruled toward the end of the Old Kingdom from Memphis.

References

22nd-century BC Pharaohs
Pharaohs of the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt


On 6 November 1986, a Boeing-Vertol Model 234LR Chinook helicopter returning workers from the Brent oilfield crashed on approach to land at Sumburgh Airport in the Shetland Islands. At  from the runway the helicopter had a catastrophic forward transmission failure which caused the tandem rotor blades to collide. The helicopter crashed into the sea and sank. Forty-three passengers and two crew members were killed in the crash; one passenger and one crew member survived with injuries.

History
The helicopter was normally based at Aberdeen Airport but had been based at Sumburgh Airport since 3 November 1986 to operate a shuttle service from the Brent oilfield in the East Shetland Basin. On 6 November the first flight was delayed due to an oil leak from an engine gearbox that was soon rectified and the aircraft left Sumburgh at 08:58 with 40 passengers for the Brent Field. The aircraft visited three platforms with exchanges of freight and passengers then departed Brent Platform C at 10:22 with 44 passengers on board for return to Sumburgh Airport. It transited at a height of , and as it approached Sumburgh it was cleared to descend to . Reporting  from the airfield, the controller cleared it to land on helicopter runway 24. Nothing else was heard.

Accident
The voice recorder indicated that the crew noticed an increased noise level in the flightdeck followed by a bang. Despite applying full cyclic pitch control, the aircraft did not respond and nose-dived towards the sea from a height of . The helicopter hit the sea, broke up and sank. A Coastguard search and rescue Sikorsky S-61 helicopter which had just departed Sumburgh Airport on training flight reported liferafts in the sea. It then observed a survivor clinging to a substantial piece of wreckage. While they winched the man on board another survivor was noted among the floating bodies. With no signs of other survivors the Coastguard helicopter flew the survivors to Lerwick for transfer to hospital. An air and sea search failed to find any more survivors but all the floating bodies were recovered and brought to the airport. One of the flight crew and the flight attendant were among the dead.

Recovery
A diving support vessel, the MSV Deepwater 1 (now named Rockwater 1), started a search for the sunken wreckage at 09:00 the following morning.  Sea conditions were rough with strong tidal currents and a water depth around 90 metres but the wreckage was located.  The monohulled Deepwater 1 struggled to maintain position in the building sea and current conditions.  Shell Expro's Multi Services Vessel, the MSV Stadive, arrived and assumed the role of primary recovery vessel and, being a semi-submersible, was able to quickly recover the major components of interest.  By the evening of 10 November the cockpit voice recorder, the cockpit section of the fuselage, the rotors and rotor heads, and the gearboxes and associated control systems had been recovered and transferred to the Deepwater 1, which departed for Aberdeen to pass her cargo onwards for analysis by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB).  The Stadive remained on site and recovered much of the remainder of the fuselage and the bodies of the victims.  In all, 44 of the 45 victims' bodies were recovered.

Cause
The accident was caused by the failure of a modified bevel ring gear in the forward transmission which allowed the twin rotors to collide when synchronisation was lost.  The AAIB stated that the underlying causes were the inadequacy of a previously accepted test programme and the failure of a stringent inspection programme.

Safety recommendations
The board made three recommendations:

 Certification procedures be reviewed so that all modifications to vital components are adequately scrutinised and tested before approval and more closely monitored after their introduction into service.
 The Civil Aviation Authority should report on the progress that has been made towards the early incorporation of a specification for suitable condition monitoring systems into airworthiness requirements for helicopters and indicate the time scale and scope of likely developments.
 Requirements relating to the ADELT (Automatically Deployable Location Transmitter) equipment, including location, crashworthiness, protection and power supplied, be reviewed in the light of the accident.  (The beacon did not operate due to impact damage to the aft part of the aircraft.)

Aftermath
The oil industry decided that the Chinook was too big for the offshore support task and the remaining Chinooks were withdrawn and sold.  All surviving aircraft now operate with Columbia Helicopters in heavy lift, non-passenger capabilities.

See also
Other North Sea helicopter incidents:
 Bristow Helicopters Flight 56C (1995)
 Helikopter Service Flight 451 (1997)
 Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N (2009)
 CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241 (2016)

References

External links
 G-BWFC on Airliners.net

British International Helicopters Chinook
Aviation in Shetland
British International Helicopters Chinook
Aviation accidents and incidents in Scotland
1986 disasters in the United Kingdom
Helicopters Chinook Crash
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing Chinook
British International Helicopters accidents and incidents
November 1986 events in the United Kingdom


HQ-2J or Hongqi-2 (红旗二号导弹) are anti-aircraft missiles mounted on the Type 77 transporter launcher. It is an upgraded version of the HQ-2 system. The HQ-1/HQ-2 are developed from the Soviet S-75 Dvina SA-2 system. The HQ-2 has been China's primary air defence system for over forty years but since 2016 it is being replaced by the HQ-22 system.

The HQ-2J was developed by China National Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation (CPMIEC) for the PLA Army.

Also Iran developed Sayyad-1 missile from HQ-2 missile.

See also
 Sayyad-1

References

Missile defense
Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Weapons of the People's Republic of China

de:HQ-2
ru:HQ-2


Marko Ilić (; born 9 May 1985) is a Serbian footballer.

References
 Profile and stats from Serbia at Srbijafudbal

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
OFK Beograd players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
FK Bežanija players
Serbian SuperLiga players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
FC Spartak Varna players
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora players
OFC Sliven 2000 players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
FK Srem players


Zhanazhol Field (, Jańajol munaı-gaz kondensat ken orny) is an oil field located in the northwestern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.  It was discovered in the 1960 and have been in production since 1987.  Zhanazhol crude oil has a high mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide content.

External links

Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes, by Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, November 2008
Lukoil - International Exploration

Oil fields of Kazakhstan
Oil fields of the Soviet Union


Norb may refer to:
Norb abbreviation of the name Norbert
 Norb (comic), a newspaper comic strip that began in 1989
 Norb, a character in the anime series Eureka Seven

Norb, A person that values athleticism at the expense of happiness


Sira Station ()  is a railway station located at the village of Sira in Flekkefjord, Norway on the railway Sørlandet Line. The station is served by regional trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge to Stavanger and Kristiansand.

History
The station was opened in 1904 when the Jæren Line was extended from Egersund to Flekkefjord. In 1943 the current station was built when it became part of the Sørlandet Line, making Flekkefjord Line a branch line terminating at Sira.

Railway stations in Flekkefjord
Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations opened in 1904
1904 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1900s


The 2008 Dr Pepper SEC Championship Game was played December 6, 2008, in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia to determine the 2008 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  The game featured the Florida Gators and the Alabama Crimson Tide. The Gators were classified as the home team.  Before this game was played, the designated "home team", chosen on an alternating basis, was 10–6 (11-6 after Florida's win in this game) in SEC Championship Games. The SEC East is 10–6 in SEC Championship games (11-6 after Florida's win), with the Florida Gators accounting for six of the 10 victories. (seven after this game) Before this game, Alabama had represented the SEC West five times in the conference championship game with a 2–3 record.

The game was televised by CBS Sports and kicked off at 4:00 pm EST.

Selection process
The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference.  The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina.  The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game.  Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12).

Regular season

Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of the nation's top recruiting classes and was expected to improve in 2008. The team started off strong in the Chick-fil-A College Kickoff with a convincing 34-10 win over #9 Clemson. Four weeks later they shocked the nation by defeating #3 Georgia 41–30 in Athens after building a 31–0 halftime lead. The rest of the season included a 27–21 overtime victory over #16 LSU in Nick Saban's first game in Baton Rouge against his old team, as well as a 36–0 shutout of Auburn to end Alabama's 6-game losing streak to their in-state rival. The Crimson Tide finished the regular season with a 12–0 record and a #1 ranking in the BCS, AP, and Coaches' Polls.

Only two years removed from a national championship, Florida entered the season with high hopes and an AP preseason ranking of 5. The Gators went 9–4 in 2007, and they had many key players returning, including Heisman Trophy winner Tim Tebow. After a 3-0 start, the team suffered a devastating home loss to Ole Miss. However, this loss was later seen as a turning point for Florida. In their last 8 games, the Gators scored no less than 38 points and had an average margin of victory of 39.6. Key victories included #4 LSU (51–21), #6 Georgia (49–10), #25 South Carolina (56–6), and #20 Florida State (45–15). Florida finished the regular season with an 11–1 record and a #2 ranking in the AP Poll.

Game hype and difference in style
After the match-up between Alabama and Florida was set November 8, when Alabama defeated LSU and Florida defeated Vanderbilt, the game began to receive a great deal of attention in sports media. Many college football analysts called the game a "play-in game" for the BCS National Championship, easily making it one of the most anticipated games of the year.

Analyst cited the differences in the teams' styles as a major point of interest.
Florida's style of football came directly from Urban Meyer's offensive-minded philosophy of a fast-paced offense and defense, generally using smaller, quicker players. They run a form of the spread offense, using speed to spread the field, which results in quick drives and higher scoring games. The Gators use a basic 4-3 defense and again use speedy players to try to gain an advantage on their opponent.

Alabama on the other hand ran an almost complete opposite style of football, led by Nick Saban's defensive-minded philosophy of physical domination on both sides of the ball, generally using bigger, more physical players. The Tide ran a smashmouth offensive scheme utilizing a physical offensive line and power running backs to control the line of scrimmage, which results in slower drives, an advantage in time of possession and lower scoring games. On defense, the team operated out of a base 3-4 defense, utilizing quick and physical linebackers to allow more flexibility in stopping multiple offensive formations and schemes.

Game summary

After a forcing Alabama to a three-and-out on their opening drive Florida struck first moving 59 yards while never facing a third-down to take a 7-0 lead on a 3-yard touchdown pass from Tim Tebow to Carl Moore. Alabama responded with a touchdown "drive" of their own. On the first play, quarterback John Parker Wilson connecting on a 64-yard bomb to superstar freshman receiver Julio Jones. On the very next play Glenn Coffee burst through for an 18-yard touchdown run. After a Florida three-and-out Alabama took its first lead at 10-7 with a 30-yard field goal by Leigh Tiffin. After another Florida three-and-out Alabama drove to the Florida 32-yard line. The 49-yard field goal attempt was a fake and holder P. J. Fitzgerald could only gain a yard. Taking over at their own 31-yard line, Florida retaliated with a swift drive culminating in a 19-yard field goal by Jonathan Phillips to tie the game, 10-10. Following an Alabama three-and-out Florida retook the lead with a 57-yard drive that Tebow capped off with a 5-yard touchdown pass to David Nelson. Alabama was forced to punt on their next drive and Florida lead at halftime 17-10. Alabama's defense forced a three-and-out and then their offense used the "ground-and-pound" strategy to perfection running 15 plays, gaining 91 yards and taking 6:53 off the clock to tie the game at 17-17 with a 2-yard rushing touchdown by Mark Ingram II Florida seemed poised to take the lead on their drive, but after the drive stalled Phillips missed a 42-yard field goal. Alabama didn't waste their chance as a 27-yard Tiffin field goal gave them a 20-17 lead going into the fourth quarter. Then, Tebow took over. Florida took a page from the Alabama playbook, using a long drive, converting two third downs before Jeffery Demps ran in a touchdown from one yard out, retaking the lead 24-20. Return ace Javier Arenas returned the resulting kickoff 41 yards to the Alabama 41, but on 3rd-and-8 Jermaine Cunningham sacked Wilson for an 11-yard loss. The Gators put the game away on their next drive, storming 67 yards in just 8 plays with Tebow throwing a dart to Riley Cooper to increase the lead to 31-20 with just 2:50 remaining in the game.  An interception by Joe Haden with 1:41 sealed the deal as Florida ran out the rest of the clock. Florida out gaining Alabama 358-323, converting 7 of their 13 third downs to Alabama's 5 of 12, and  zero Florida turnovers were the most deciding factors. Despite going just 14-22 for the game, Tebow was 5-5 for 70 yards and 1 touchdown in the fourth quarter bringing his overall night to 14-22 for 218 yards 3 touchdowns and 0 interceptions. Tebow and Demps carried the Florida running game combining for 110 yards on 30 carries. Louis Murphy was the leading receiver for Florida with 86 yards on just 4 catches. Wilson struggled going just 12-25 for 187 yards  0 touchdowns and 1 interception, but Coffee continued his hot streak by rushing for 112 yards on 21 carries including an 18-yard touchdown run. Jones was spectacular with 124 yards on merely 5 catches.

Scoring summary

See also
 Alabama–Florida football rivalry

External links
SEC '08 Football Championship from SECSports.com

References

SEC Championship
SEC Championship Game
Alabama Crimson Tide football games
Florida Gators football games
December 2008 sports events in the United States
2008 in sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
2008 in Atlanta


FN-6 or Feinu-6 (; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-10) is a third-generation passive infrared homing (IR) man portable air defence system (MANPADS). Development from HN-5 missile, FN-6 missile is an export-oriented product and China's most advanced surface-to-air missile offered on the international market. Specially designed to engage low-flying targets, it has a range of 6 km and a maximum altitude of 3.8 km. The missile has been exported to Malaysia, Cambodia, Sudan, Pakistan, and Peru, and a variant was incorporated into People's Liberation Army (PLA) service as the HN-6 (). Based on FN-6, China has several numbers of other MANPADS and other vehicle-based short-range air defense systems.

Development
The weapon was specifically designed to be used against targets flying at low and very low altitudes. The FN-6 was developed in parallel with the Qian Wei (QW) missile series. FN-6, or FeiNu-6, is the export name given to the export version derived from this system, and it is known as HongYing-6 () in the PLA. The training simulator of FN-6 is not developed by the contractor of the missile system, but instead, the simulator is developed by PLA itself after the missile was purchased, and the general designer of the training simulator of FN-6 is Mr. Liu Weixing (). The training simulator of FN-6 is also used for later versions of MANPADS developed from FN-6.

Export sales of the weapon is the responsibility of China National Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation, a state-owned trading company responsible for representing the domestic defense production industry in air defense-related products.

Design
According to Janes, the FN-6 is a third generation, passive infrared, man-portable air defense system (MANPADS). It is equipped with a digital infrared seeker with a strong resistance to flares, solar heat and heat from the ground. The pyramid shaped nose of the missile houses the four unit infrared seeker. The handle of the launcher houses the batteries and cooling system. An IFF antenna and an optional clip-on optical sight are fitted onto the launcher.

The missile is capable of an all-aspect attack and has a 70% single-shot hit probability. It can engage targets maneuvering at up to 4 g. When FN-6 MANPADS can be equipped with night vision equipment, and it can also be equipped with IFF systems. Two types were shown to the public, one of which is similar in appearance to AN/PPX-1 IFF of FIM-92 Stinger, while the other IFF system is a Yagi-Uda antenna configuration.

The complete FN-6 missile system weighs 16 kg. The missile is 1.495 m in length, and has a diameter of 0.072 m. The weight of the missile is 10.77 kg. It uses a single-stage solid rocket motor, and can obtain a maximum speed of 360 m/s when flying head-on, and 300 m/s when tail chasing. The missile's operating range is from 500 m to 6 km, and its operating altitude is from 15 m to 3.5 km.

Further developments

FN-6A
FN-6A is the vehicle-mounted version of FN-6 first revealed to the public in 2005. The system is based on a Dongfeng EQ2050, weighing 4.6 tons in total. A one-man turret is sandwiched between two quadruple launchers, and the electro-optical fire control system (FCS) with IR, laser, and TV sensors. Contrary to the common arrangements on similar systems, the FCS of FN-6A is mounted under the launchers. Due to space limitations, the FCS is distributed between two places, one portion under one launcher and the other portion in the opposite launcher across the turret. A 12.7 mm heavy machine gun is added for additional protection. The vehicle is operated by a two-man crew, one driver, and one weapon system operator. Communication gear and land navigation gear are standard. The modular design of the system enables other subsystems to be incorporated easily, such as IFF. The auxiliary power unit provides enough power for the system to operate continuously for more than 8 hours.

The FCS of the FN-6A can lock on to a target 10 km away, and the reaction time is less than 5 seconds. Each vehicle can fight independently but can be integrated with others to fight as a coherent unit by incorporating a command vehicle that is also based on the same vehicle chassis. The command vehicle provides a light solid-state passive phased array radar to increase situational awareness and can direct up to 8 launching vehicles simultaneously. A command vehicle and 8 launching vehicles form an air defense company when fighting as a coherent unit, and this in turn can be integrated into larger air defense networks. Alternatively, the launching vehicle can be directly integrated into larger air defense networks without the need for the command vehicle.

Each launching vehicle needs a support vehicle for resupply, and the support vehicle is also based on Dongfeng EQ2050 to reduce logistic costs. Each supply vehicle carries 24 missiles and reloading each missile takes less than a minute. Similar to the M1097 Avenger, each launcher is designed so that each missile can also be removed and fired by a soldier manually like a regular MANPAD. Although effective against supersonic aircraft, for UAVs and missiles the maximum target speed is limited to 300 meters per second.

FB-6A
FN-6A did not enter mass production and served only in very limited numbers in Chinese forces, mainly for trial purposes. In the subsequent Zhuhai Airshows followed by its original debut, FN-6A is replaced by its successor FB-6A, which did see greater numbers in service with Chinese forces. The general designer of the FB-6A system is Mr. Wei Zhigang (卫志刚), rumored also to be the general designer of FN-6A, the predecessor of FB-6A. The main difference between FN-6A and its successor FB-6A is that the SAM system is broken down into two portions in the latter, as opposed to a single unit in the former: FB-6A SAM system consists of two vehicles, one carrying the engagement radar, while the other carrying the missile. The search/engagement radar of FB-6A is planar array, and can be folded down in transit, but the developer has not revealed whether the radar itself is a phased array or not. However, the developer did claim that both the mechanically scanned planar array and the electronically scanned passive phased array are both available upon customer's request, but it's not clear which one is in service with Chinese forces.

The missile launching platform of FB-6A differs from its predecessor in that both the 12.7 mm heavy machine (HMG) for self-protection and the electro-optical fire control sight on that of FN-6A are removed, but a backup operator console is incorporated with bulletproof glass added between the launchers, though the FB-6A system can be operated with the vehicle. Although the 12.7 mm HMG no longer comes as standard equipment for the FB-6A, it can be added as an option and can be changed to other machine guns. The total numbers of missiles carried by the launching vehicle of FB-6A remain the same as FN-6A, which is eight.

An upgraded version FB-6C was unveiled at the 2016 Zhuhai Airshow.

FN-16
At the 7th Zhuhai Airshow held at the end of 2008, China revealed a new addition to FN series MANPAD, FN-16. FN-16 is an improvement of earlier FN-6, with better all aspect attack capability and better resistance against electronic countermeasures.  Another major improvement is in its seeker, which in addition to the original IR guidance, UV guidance is also incorporated, a practice adopted in the later version of FIM-92 Stinger. Like its predecessor FN-6, FN-16 can also be fitted with both IFF systems used on FN-6, and just like FN-6, FN-16 is re-designated as FY-16 (Fei Ying = 飞鹰, meaning Flying Eagle) when equipped with IFFs. The missile system is designed to counter fighter-bomber, attack aircraft, and helicopters.
UAV, cruise missile etc.
Specifications:
Length: ≤1,600 mm
Diameter: 72 mm
Weight: ≤11.5 kg (missile)
Range: 500 m to 6000 m
Altitude: 10 m to 4000 m
Overload: ≥18 g
Guidance System: Infrared homing/Ultraviolet dual-spectrum seeker

HN-6
HN-6 is a further development of FN-16 in Chinese military service. HN-6 utilizes fire control systems (FCS) of earlier FN-6 and FN-16 MANPADS, but a new FCS sight of unknown designation has also been developed.

In addition to improved performance over the original FN-6/16 MANPADS, HN-6 incorporates a protective cap over the seeker of missile, offering better protection against the environmental elements. Based on the photos and video clips of PLA training, this protective cap needs to be manually removed before firing the missile.

HN-6 can also be incorporated into a portable tripod firing station similar to that of RBS 70 and Mistral. A seat is attached to the lightweight tripod firing stand that can be folded for transportation and storage, and the operator is protected by a bulletproof glass shield.

Operational history

Syrian Civil War
The combat debut of the FN-6 came during the 2013 phase of the Syrian civil war. By March 2013, two Syrian Air Force Mil Mi-8 or Mi-17 were shot down.

The New York Times reported that Qatar supplied the Syrian rebels, possibly through purchase from the Sudanese inventory, with the FN-6 and that several units have now fallen into the hands of ISIS. However, spray paint had been used to obscure serial numbers in an effort to impede tracking of the weapon's supply chain.

The Global Times, states that, though Chinese-made missiles have downed aircraft in the past, the Syrian war "is the first time such a success has been recorded on video." The news outlet further raises the possibility of this improving the sales and image of Chinese defense products abroad. The New York Times, though claims that rebels have complained the missile's performance, such as failings to fire or lock on and two premature explosions while firing, which killed two rebels and wounded four more.

On 18 August 2013, the first recorded kill of a fixed-wing aircraft took place when a team from the Islamic Harakat Ahrar ash-Sham Al Islami brigade downed a SyAAF MiG-21 over Latakia province. The jet's pilot was filmed parachuting but his fate is not known. This downing is also the FN-6's first jet kill.

ISIL in Iraq
In the aftermath of the 2014 ISIL offensive in Iraq, on 3 October, an FN-6 allegedly supplied by Qatar was used by the militant group to shoot down an Iraqi Army Mil Mi-35 attack helicopter near Baiji. It also may have been used to destroy a Bell 407 scout helicopter in the same area on 8 October, killing both pilots.

Variants
FN-6 original MANPADS variant
FN-6A vehicle-mounted air defense system that mounts 8 FN-6 missiles.
FB-6A vehicle-mounted air defense system with separate radar and missile vehicles.
FB-6C improved FB-6A
FN-16 improved MANPADS variant based on FN-6
NH-6 improved MANPADS variant based on FN-16
PGZ-04A Four FN-6 missiles are mounted on the upgraded Type 95 SPAAA.

Operators

 : Bangladesh Army uses FN16 variant.

 : On 25 June 2009, the National Television of Cambodia (TVK) showed Cambodian soldiers with FN-6 and FN-16 missiles to be deployed near the Thai-Cambodian border in the 2008 Cambodian-Thai stand-off.
 : The FN-6 has been taken into service with the PLAGF and PLAAF. In PLAAF, the FN-6 is deployed in various ground-to-air missile units to provide extra layer of air defence, and to protect high value weaponry from enemy's low-fly aircraft or weapons. In many PLAAF live firing exercise, FN-6s were seen to participate in action.
 : 100 FN-6 missiles delivered on 2016.
 : The CNPMIEC offered to sell FN-6 missiles to Malaysia for purchasing the KSA-1A medium range surface-to-air missiles. In May 2004, a memorandum of understanding was signed with Malaysia for the transfer of technology of the FN-6.
 : First spotted in Namibian service in 2016, confirmed in August 2018. 50 speculated to be in service.
 : 295 FN-16 MANPADS valued at US$25.13 million ordered during 2017–2018.
 : A small batch of FN-6 missiles was acquired by the Peruvian Navy in July 2009 for US$1.1 million

 : displayed at Sudan's Independence Day military parade of 2007. Produced as the "Nayzak".
: Captured from rebel groups.

Non-state actors
 Free Syrian Army

 Kachin Independence Army: Allegedly received and used some from the UWSA.
 Ta'ang National Liberation Army
 United Wa State Army: Reportedly acquired in 2012 as part of an efforts to improve its anti-aircraft capabilities

See also
 Anza
 Misagh-2
 Qaem

Reference list

External links
 FN-6 in Syrian war  (Simplified Chinese)

Missile defense
Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Weapons of the People's Republic of China
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s


Walter Dieckmann (8 October 1869 – 12 January 1925) was a German chemist. He is the namesake of the Dieckmann condensation, the intramolecular reaction of diesters with base to give β-keto esters.

Dieckmann studied at the University of Munich and became assistant of  Adolf von Baeyer.

1869 births
1925 deaths
20th-century German chemists
Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
BASF people
19th-century German chemists


USS California (SSN-781), is the eighth , and the seventh United States Navy ship named for the state of California. The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding  (then called Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.) in Newport News, Virginia, on 14 August 2003. Construction began in December 2006. Californias keel was laid down on 1 May 2009.
She was christened on 6 November 2010, sponsored by Donna Willard, wife of Admiral Robert F. Willard.
She was launched eight days later, on 14 November 2010.

California is the first Virginia-class submarine built with the advanced electromagnetic signature reduction system; although it will be retrofitted into older submarines of the class.

California was delivered to the Navy on 7 August 2011, eight and a half months ahead of schedule. The $2.3 billion ship was commissioned on 29 October 2011 in Norfolk, Virginia.

References

External links

Virginia-class submarines
Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy
2010 ships
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia


John Regis Head Monahan (November 15, 1908 – April 23, 1979) was a professional football player in the National Football League (NFL).

College career
A native of Pittsburgh's Greenfield neighborhood, Monahan traveled to Ohio State where he played for the Buckeyes. He was a guard and tackle who doubled as a kicker. In 1934 he became captain of the Buckeyes and an All-American. He was featured on the front of the 1935 Wheaties box.

Professional career
Monahan played four seasons with the Detroit Lions from 1935 until 1938. He was part of the 1935 Lions team that won the NFL championship. Monahan played two additional games with the Chicago Cardinals during the 1939 NFL season.

References

External links
Monahan at Football Reference
Monahan at Database Football

1908 births
American football placekickers
American football guards
American football tackles
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Chicago Cardinals players
1979 deaths


Tomcito (foaled February 13, 2005 in Kentucky) is a Peruvian Thoroughbred racehorse.

Background
He was bred by Lexington, Kentucky's Chesapeake Farm and Darley Stud, the latter a part of the worldwide breeding/racing interests of Dubai's Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Sired by Street Cry, who notably sired the 2007 Kentucky Derby winner, Street Sense, his grandsire Machiavellian was a son of the very important Champion American sire, Mr. Prospector. Tomcito's dam is Inside or Outside, a daughter of the Paul Mellon-bred Eastern Echo who was a son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Damascus.

Tomcito was bought at the 2006 Keeneland September yearling sale by bloodstock agent Dante Zanelli for Peruvian businessmen Omar Mahchi and Esteban Ripamonti who race under the name Stud Jet Set. The purchase price was $7,500; a very tiny amount in the world of Thoroughbred breeding.

Racing career

2007: two-year-old season
Because Tomcito was to race in the Southern Hemisphere where horses are foaled beginning in July, in his first year on the track in 2007 the two-year-old colt had to compete against horses aged three or older. Racing at Lima, Peru's Hipodromo de Montericco, Tomcito won his debut race. His handlers then enterer him in the September 23 Group One Clasico Polla de Potrillos (Peruvian 2000 Guineas). Ridden by Benjamin Padilla, the colt came from far back to finish a fast-closing second in the 1600 metre race. He was then entered in the October 20 Clasico Ricardo Ortiz de Zevallos, a 2000-metre (approximately 1¼ miles) Group One race that is the second leg of the Peruvian Quadruple Crown. Once again, Tomcito came from behind, then ran away from the field to win the race by 9 ¾ lengths. In his final race of 2007, on November 17 Tomcito charged from near the back of the back to win Peru's prestigious Group One Derby Nacional.

2008: three-year-old season

For the 2008 racing season, Tomcito was shipped north to the Palm Meadows Thoroughbred Training Center in Boynton Beach, Florida and has been nominated to the 2008 U.S. Triple Crown series beginning with the May 3 Kentucky Derby.

Breaking from gate 4 of 12 in the $1 million Grade 1 Florida Derby at Gulfstream Park on March 29, 2008 at 1 1/8 miles distance Tomcito finished 3rd after closing from last place. With jockey Jorge Chavez up he earned $100,000 in graded stakes earnings towards a potential Kentucky Derby start.

References

 Tomcito's pedigree and partial racing stats
 Profile of Tomcito at Chesapeake Farm
 February 4, 2008 ESPN article on Tomcito
 Daily Racing Form - Graded Earnings 4/1/08

2005 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in Peru
Racehorses trained in the United States
Thoroughbred family 9-f


SS Arcturus was a passenger ship of the Finland Steamship Company operating primarily on the route between Hanko, Finland and Hull, England via Copenhagen, Denmark. Gourlay Brothers of Dundee, Scotland built Arcturus, launching her on 1 October 1898 and completing her that December.

In its earlier years Arcturus was one of the primary ships that Finnish emigrants sailed on when heading to North America. After disembarking at Hull, emigrants would typically take a train to Liverpool to board a transatlantic liner.

On 12 December 1930 in fog in the Kattegat Arcturus collided with another Finnish Steamship Company ship, Oberon. Oberon sank in only three minutes, with the loss of 41 of her passengers and crew.

Arcturus remained in service until 1956.

References

External links
Finland Steamship Company's Emigrant Ships: S/S Arcturus, history from The Genealogical Society of Finland
Finland Steamship Company's Emigrant Ships: S/S Arcturus, pictures from The Genealogical Society of Finland
The Emigrant Route: Hangö-Copenhagen-Hull, from The Swedish-Finn Historical Society

Passenger ships of Finland
Steamships of Finland
Ships built in Dundee


The third series of Comedy Playhouse, the long-running BBC series, aired from 28 September 1963 to 31 January 1964.

Background
The third series, which was in black-and-white, consisted of seventeen episodes, each of which had a different cast and storyline. Two of the episodes made it to its own series, The Walrus and the Carpenter, and The Bed which became Meet the Wife.

Episodes

References
Mark Lewisohn, "Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy", BBC Worldwide Ltd, 2003
British TV Comedy Guide for Comedy Playhouse
Comedy Playhouse, a TV Heaven Review

Comedy Playhouse (series 3)


St John's Church, Barmouth, Gwynedd, Wales was built between 1889 and 1895 and designed by the Chester architects Douglas and Fordham. The foundation stone was laid by Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. The bulk of the cost of construction was donated by Mrs Sarah Dyson Perrins in memory of her husband James Dyson Perrins (father of Charles William Dyson Perrins) of Lea & Perrins.

The church belongs to the Church in Wales. It is a grade II* listed building, and was given this status by Cadw on 31 January 1995. It is part of the Bro Ardudwy Ministry Area.

History
In 1830, a new church was opened in Barmouth on the quayside dedicated to Saint David. This church was built to accommodate an increasing population since the ancient church in Llanaber is over  away from the town centre.

During this period the railways had not reached this part of the Welsh coast, so Barmouth was still reliant on the maritime industry. This changed in the 1860s with the arrival of the railway resulting in a vast increase in the number of tourists.

Soon after Edward Hughes became rector of the parish of Llanaber and Barmouth in 1887 he realised that Barmouth needed a larger place of worship. Many trials were carried out in St David's to try and increase the seating capacity but these attempts proved fruitless.  During 1887 Hughes proposed the idea of building a larger place of worship to the Churchwardens and the Parochial Church Council.  They agreed and the work of finding a suitable location began.

With Barmouth's geographical location between the mountains and sea, building locations were limited. However a donation of a rocky precipice above the town was accepted as the final choice.

A design by architects Douglas and Fordham was chosen and fundraising efforts begun. An unexpected donation of £15,000 from Mrs Sarah Perrins, widow of James Dyson Perrins and mother of Charles William Dyson Perrins was gratefully received and provided funding for the chancel, central tower, lady chapel and vestry to be built as a memorial to her late husband. Mrs Sarah Perrins and her family owned a holiday home in Barmouth called Plas Mynach and would have been aware of the need to build a larger church.

St John's took seven years to build between the laying of the foundation stone in 1889 by Princess Beatrice of Battenberg to its consecration in November 1895 by Bishop Cambell of Bangor. There were some setbacks during the construction stages, most notably during the evening of September 11th 1891, on the same day that the local Catholic church, St Tudwal's was opened. During this stage the church was almost finished, the roofs had not yet been slated, the tower was almost completed. At some point during the evening the tower collapsed into the church destroying most of the un-slated roofs and most of the walls on the mountainside of the building. Douglas and Fordham blamed the collapse on blasting operations behind the church that were aimed at allowing more light into the building.

Items of Interest

Font
The Font located at the back of the church is a free-copy of Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen's font in Copenhagen Cathedral and is sculpted out of pure marble.

Lectern
The lectern was made in Frome. It is made of wrought iron and copper and represents the Sower and the Seed.

Bell tower
The tower contains 8 bells by Mear and Stainbank of Whitechapel in London. There is also a clock mechanism in the bell ringing chamber built in 1897, this mechanism also plays the Westminster Chimes using some of the eight bells.

Stained glass windows
St John's has nine stained glass windows by CE Kemp.

The Main East Window shows Christ in His Majesty with disciples and St John the Evangelist. The West window depicts the Risen Christ with Angels. The side windows of the Sanctuary show various scenes of the resurrection: Easter Morning, Woman at the Tomb, Christ with Doubting Thomas and the Charge to St Peter. The three windows of the Lady Chapel show the Annunciation and the Nativity.

Organ
The architects' design incorporated a purpose built area for the organ. This makes all parts easily accessible without the need for large panels or pipework to be removed during tuning and maintenance.  Funds were donated by Mrs Perrins' daughter Mrs Sarah Gertrude Potter. The family were from the Worcester area, and so Nicholson & Co of Worcester were a natural choice to build the instrument. The organ was transported to Barmouth by train.

It comprises three manuals and a pedal division, with a total of 34 stops.

Since it was installed in St Johns in 1895 the organ has not had a major overhaul and except for being cleaned in the 1970s and undergoing annual tuning and maintenance the only modification has been to incorporate a "Discus" electric blower system by Watkins and Watson in the basement sometime in the 1950s. The organ is in such an unaltered and original state that it can still be hand pumped by three volunteers when required.

Prior to 1895 organs in churches in the surrounding area were virtually unheard of. Dolgellau was the only church in the locality that had a barrel organ to accompany services. At the time of its construction, this organ was almost as big as the largest organ in North Wales which was located in Bangor Cathedral. It is still one of the largest in North Wales.

Over the following twenty years Nicholson & Co  installed four other pipe organs in churches and chapels in Barmouth.

See also
 List of new churches by John Douglas

References

External links

 St John's Page on Bro Ardudwy website

Saint John's Church, Barmouth
Barmouth
Barmouth
Gothic Revival church buildings in Wales
Grade II* listed churches in Gwynedd
John Douglas buildings


Sean Guthrie (born April 18, 1988) is an American racing driver from Albuquerque, New Mexico. The son of former IndyCar Series driver Jim Guthrie, he is a former Firestone Indy Lights driver and currently competes part-time in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West.

Career

Guthrie began his karting career at the age of eight. He won an IKF championship in 2002 and the SKUSA Long Track Nationals in 2003 and moved up to cars in SCCA Formula Ford in 2004. In 2005 he moved up to the Star Mazda Series and finished 14th in points in a season beset by mechanical problems. The team, owned by his father, decided to move up to the Indy Pro Series in 2006, but Sean was forced to miss the first three races of the season as he was not yet the league-mandated 18 years old. He competed in 5 races with a best finish of 5th at Kentucky Speedway. The team returned for 2007 for a full season. After crashing out of the first three races of the season, the team regrouped and finished the Freedom 100 and Sean registered a career-best 4th-place finish at the Milwaukee Mile a week later.  In the Iowa Speedway race Sean suffered a heavy crash and the team's car had to be sent back to the manufacturer Dallara in Italy for repairs. Sean injured both his foot and knee in the accident.  Sean made three starts at the end of the season for Playa Del Racing as the team ran in cooperation with Guthrie.  Until his suspension in April 2009, he drove for his father's team Guthrie Racing along with teammates Alistair Jackson and Jesse Mason. Sean finished 14th in the 2007 championship and returned to the series, now called the Firestone Indy Lights Series in 2008, finishing 10th in points. In April 2009 he was suspended from the Indy Racing League after the race at Kansas Speedway in which he was penalized for driving through an accident zone too quickly and passing a car under the yellow flag and then refused to respond to the black flag. He made his return to the Firestone Indy Lights Series on October 9, 2009, at Homestead with Andersen Racing. After participating in dirt track racing throughout 2010, Guthrie again returned to Indy Lights for the season finale at Homestead with Andersen, finishing 10th.

After driving in drifting for the 2011 season, Guthrie returned to professional motorsports in 2012, driving in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West at Sandia Motor Speedway in late September, finishing 22nd and last in his debut in the series.

Indy Lights

References

External links

Living people
1988 births
Racing drivers from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Indy Lights drivers
Indy Pro 2000 Championship drivers
NASCAR drivers
Drifting drivers
International Kart Federation drivers
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing drivers


The Canis-Minorids, also called the Beta Canis Minorids, are a meteor shower that arises near the fifth-magnitude star 11 Canis Minoris. They were discovered in 1964 by Keith Hindley, who investigated their trajectory and proposed a common origin with the comet C/1917 F1 (Mellish). However, this conclusion has been disputed, as the number of orbits analysed was low and their trajectories too disparate to confirm a link. They last from 4 to 15 December, peaking over 10 and 11 December.

References

External links
 Jenniskens, Peter. Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets.

Meteor showers
Canis Minor
December events


This is a list of airlines currently operating in Saudi Arabia.

Scheduled airlines

Charter airlines

Cargo airlines

See also
 List of airlines
 List of defunct airlines of Saudi Arabia
 List of defunct airlines of Asia
 List of airports in Saudi Arabia

External links
 Airlines in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia
Airlines
Airlines
Saudi Arabua


USS Mississippi (SSN-782) is a  of the United States Navy, named for the state of Mississippi. The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut on 14 August 2003. Mississippis keel was laid down on 9 June 2010.
Mississippi was christened on 3 December 2011 at General Dynamics Electric Boat in Groton, Connecticut. Allison Stiller, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy, is the ship's sponsor. The submarine was commissioned at a ceremony on 2 June 2012 in Pascagoula, Mississippi. SSN-782 was delivered 12 months ahead of schedule and $60 million below planned cost.

On 25 November 2014, Mississippi arrived at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, where the ship is permanently assigned to Submarine Squadron 1 of the United States Pacific Fleet.

References

External links

Virginia-class submarines
Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy
2011 ships


Johannes Bitter (born 2 September 1982) is a German handball goalkeeper for HSV Hamburg.

Club career
Bitter started his senior career with SG VTB Altjührden in 1999, before moving to Wilhelmshavener HV three years later. After only one season in Wilhelmshaven, he signed with SC Magdeburg in 2003, with whom he won the EHF Cup. Following that success, Bitter eventually moved to HSV Hamburg in the summer of 2007. In 2016 Bitter moved from Hamburg to TVB 1898 Stuttgart. There, he has extended his contract by one year to stay with the club until 30 June 2018.

International career
Bitter made his debut for the German national team on 4 January 2002 in Balingen against Switzerland.
He is World champion from 2007 with Germany. He participated on the German team that finished 4th at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship. Bitter represented Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.

After the 2020 Summer Olympics, he announced that he would not be participating in the national team again unless there was an emergency. At the 2022 European Championship he participated again, for the last time.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
German male handball players
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for Germany
Sportspeople from Hamburg
Handball-Bundesliga players
Handball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
SC Magdeburg players


The Type 84 is an armoured recovery vehicle based on the Type 79 tank, entering service with the PLA Army in 1984. The Type 84 features a powered structure controlling a dozer blade at the front of the hull and a hydraulically powered crane. The crane is capable of lifting up to 70 tons.

The previous variant based on the Type 69 was designated as Type 653.

Users
 :5

 :18

 :5 Type-84A delivered in 2014

See also
WZT

References

Tracked armoured recovery vehicles
Armoured fighting vehicles of the People's Republic of China
Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s


Eupyrgulina is a genus of small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks in the tribe Chrysallidini within the family Pyramidellidae.

Distribution
The genus mainly occurs in the Arabian Sea.

Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are ectoparasites.

Species
Species within the genus Eupyrgulina include:
 Eupyrgulina dautzenbergi (Melvill, 1910)
 Eupyrgulina casta (A. Adams)
 Eupyrgulina comacum (Melvill, 1910)
 ...

References

Pyramidellidae


The Parsons-Jocelyn PJ-260 was an aerobatic biplane aircraft built in the United States to participate in the 1962 World Aerobatic Championships in Budapest. It served as the prototype for a family of closely related aircraft produced under designer Nick D'Apuzzo's name as the D-260 and D-295 Senior Aero Sport', D-200 Junior Aero Sport and the D-201 Sportwing which were marketed for homebuilding. The original PJ-260 was named for the pilots who commissioned the aircraft and hoped to compete with it, Lindsey Parsons and Rod Jocelyn. The PJ-260 and its derivatives were conventional short-coupled biplanes with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The single-bay, equal-span wings (unequal-span on D-295) were staggered and braced with N-struts, and the outer panels of the upper wing were swept back. The fuselage construction was of fabric over a steel-tube framework, and the wings were of fabric-covered wooden spars and metal ribs.

Variants
PJ-260

D-295 Senior Aero Sport A two-seat derivative of the original PJ-260 that was marketed to home builders from the mid-1960s onwards. Early examples were distinguished as D-260 for those powered by the same 260 hp Lycoming O-435 engine that powered the PJ-260, while D-295 indicated those powered by the 295 hp Lycoming O-480. Later, this distinction became less meaningful, with D-260s produced with engines of up to 300 hp.

D-200 Junior Aero Sport A slightly scaled-down version of the PJ-260, designed to use a 180 hp Lycoming O-360. Work on two prototypes commenced in 1964, but was not completed by the time the more complete of the machines was damaged in a fire in 1973. Work resumed in 1975, but was suspended in favour of the D-201 Sportwing.

D-260

D-201 Sportwing Like the D-260, a two-seater. It was developed in 1977 with the intention of simplifying construction of the aircraft for homebuilders, as well as reducing the weight of the design. The prototype flew in or around 1981, and five sets of plans had sold by 1984.

Specifications (typical D-260)

See also

References
Notes

Sources

External links

1960s United States sport aircraft
Senior
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1962


Moi Station () is a railway station located at the village of Moi in the municipality of Lund in Rogaland county, Norway.  The station is located along the Sørlandet Line. The station is served by regional trains operated by Go-Ahead Norge to the cities of Stavanger and Kristiansand.

History
The station was opened in 1904, when the Jæren Line was extended from Egersund to Flekkefjord. In 1943 the current station was built when it became part of the Sørlandet Line.

Railway stations in Rogaland
Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations opened in 1904
1904 establishments in Norway
Lund, Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1900s


The 15th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between February 6, 1851, and May 19, 1854.

The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick Edmund Walker Head.

Charles Simonds was chosen as speaker for the house. After Simonds resigned his seat, William Crane served as speaker from January 1852 to March 1853 when he resigned due to poor health. Daniel Hanington was chosen to replace Crane as speaker.

List of members

Notes

References
Journal of the House of Assembly of ... New Brunswick from ... February to ... April, 1851 ... (1851)

Terms of the New Brunswick Legislature
1851 in Canada
1852 in Canada
1853 in Canada
1854 in Canada
1851 establishments in New Brunswick
1854 disestablishments in New Brunswick


The Art Institute of Las Vegas was a for-profit college in Henderson, Nevada. It was founded in 1983 as The Interior Design Institute and was later known as The Design Institute. It was renamed The Art Institute of Las Vegas in 2001 when it was purchased by Education Management Corporation, which was headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ai-Las Vegas was part of a system of Art Institutes schools. It was one of the colleges acquired from EDMC by Dream Center Education Holdings (DCEH), LLC, in 2017. It closed in December 2019.

Academics
Although The Art Institute of Las Vegas was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) to award certificates, associate degrees, and bachelor's degrees. In January 2019, ACICS sent a letter to Ai Las Vegas asking the school to show cause for why it should not take away its accreditation. The institution was also under heightened cash monitoring by the US Department of Education.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the Art Institute of Las Vegas had an 18% graduation rate and an 18% default rate.

Sale and closure
On March 7, 2019, the Art Institute of Las Vegas was sold, allowing it to stay open unlike the other Art Institute colleges that are closing, and is taking transfers from other Art Institute schools. The International Culinary School at The Art Institute of Las Vegas (formerly the Culinary Institute of Las Vegas) was a division of The Art Institute of Las Vegas.

The school's accreditation was threatened in January 2019. The Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation moved to suspend the school's license to operate in July but gave the school permission to continue operating if it could address its deficiencies by February 2020 on the condition that the school (a) stop admitting new students and (b) notify students of its troubles. In October, the department learned that the school had continued to admit new students and the department suspended the school's license. Although some faculty were working to save the institution, it closed in December 2019.

References

External links

Las Vegas
Private universities and colleges in Nevada
Cooking schools in the United States
Universities and colleges in Clark County, Nevada
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Nevada
2019 disestablishments in Nevada


Bellman's Head is a headland point comprising the northern boundary of Stonehaven Bay in Stonehaven, Scotland.  The corresponding headland at the south of the bay is Downie Point.

See also
Fowlsheugh

References

Landforms of Aberdeenshire
Stonehaven
Headlands of Scotland


The Icelandic Ministry of Finance (Icelandic: ) is responsible for overseeing the finances of the Icelandic government. The Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs is Bjarni Benediktsson.

Organization of the Ministry of Finance
The top civil servant in the Ministry of Finance is Baldur Gudlaugsson, who was appointed Permanent Secretary from November 1, 2000. From February 6 to April 30, 2009, Indridi H. Thorlaksson is acting Permanent Secretary while Mr. Gudlaugsson is on leave. He runs the ministry on a day-to-day basis and is the chief liaison between the Minister and the civil servants. There are six departments of the Ministry of Finance, each of which is headed by a Director-General. The Ministry staff numbers around 80 specialists and support personnel.

Administration Department
The Administration Department is responsible for general operations of the Ministry, preparation of the ministry's annual operational budget and supervision of the Ministry's information services. It is headed by Angantyr Einarsson since September 1, 2007.

Budget Department
The Budget Department's main job is to oversee the production of the government's fiscal budget. In addition the Budget Department provides support for the supplementary budget and the government accounts bill. The Budget Office oversees relations with other Ministries and the Parliament concerning the preparation of the Treasury's budget. Nokkvi Bragason is in charge of this department since March 1, 2008.

Economic Department
The Economic Department is in charge of economic studies in Iceland. This involves surveying the economic situation and its prospects, and forecasting economic trends based on macroeconomic models. The Economic Department is also responsible for providing the revenue forecast for the fiscal budget and performing research into tax and benefit systems. The department oversees the Treasury’s domestic and international cooperation concerning economic matters. Thorsteinn Thorgeirsson is Director-General for this department since January 1, 2005.

Financial Management Department
The Financial Management Department manages the government's assets and the Treasury fund. This department also ensures the proposed budget is carried out as per legal requirements and that the executive branch is run efficiently. The Director-General of this department is Thorhallur Arason.

Personnel Policy Department
The main role of the Personnel Policy Department is to represent the Ministry in labor market matters and to present its views. The department also offers advice on the implementation and interpretation of laws, regulations, agreements and government decisions. The Wage Negotiations Committee of the government operates in close cooperation with the department. Gunnar Bjornsson is in charge of this department.

Taxation and Legal Affairs Department
The main task of the department is to deal with tax matters, to draft bills for the Althingi and interpret existing laws. It also conducts research into the impact of existing taxes and tax changes. The Director-General of this department is Marianna Jonasdottir.

National Tax Investigation Police

Goals of the Ministry
The Ministry's main goals are:
Economic stability and a high standard of living
A balanced treasury over the longer term
An economical and efficient tax environment
Responsible and performance oriented management of state finances
Transparent government operations and an effective organizational structure
State of staff of the highest quality
Delivery of a reliable service with the emphasis on professional work

Former Ministers of Finance

Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1942)
Björn Kristjánsson (1917)
Sigurður Eggerz (1917–1920)
Magnús Guðmundsson (1920–1922)
Magnús Jónsson (1922–1923)
Klemens Jónsson (Heimastjórnarflokkurinn) (1923–1924)
Jón Þorláksson (Íhaldsflokkurinn) (1924–1927)
Magnús Kristjánsson (Progressive Party) (1927–1928)
Tryggvi Þórhallsson (Progressive Party) (1928–1929)
Einar Árnason (Progressive Party) (1928–1931)
Tryggvi Þórhallsson (Progressive Party) (1931)
Ásgeir Ásgeirsson (Progressive Party) (1931–1934)
Eysteinn Jónsson (Progressive Party) (1934–1939)
Jakob Möller (Independence Party) (1939–1942)
Source:

Republic of Iceland (1942 – present)
Björn Ólafsson (independent) (1942–1944)
Pétur Magnússon (Independence) (1944–1947)
Jóhann Þ. Jósefsson (Independence) (1947–1949)
Björn Ólafsson (Independence) (1949–1950)
Eysteinn Jónsson (Progressive) (1950–1954)
Skúli Guðmundsson (Progressive)  (1950–1954)
Eysteinn Jónsson (Progressive) (1954–1958)
Guðmundur Í. Guðmundsson (Social Democratic) (1958–1959)
Gunnar Thoroddsen (Independence) (1959–1965)
Magnús Jónsson (Independence) (1965–1971)
Halldór E. Sigurðsson (Progressive) (1971–1974)
Matthías Árni Mathiesen (Independence) (1974–1978)
Tómas Árnason (Progressive) (1978–1979)
Sighvatur Björgvinsson (Social Democratic) (1979–1980)
Ragnar Arnalds (People's Alliance) (1980–1983)
Albert Guðmundsson (Independence) (1983–1985)
Þorsteinn Pálsson (Independence) (1985–1987)
Jón Baldvin Hannibalsson (Social Democratic) (1987–1988)
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (Social Democratic Alliance) (1989–1991)
Friðrik Sophusson (Independence) (1991–1998)
Geir H. Haarde (Independence) (1998–2005)
Árni M. Mathiesen (Independence) (2005–2009)
Steingrímur J. Sigfússon (Left Green) (2009–2011)
Oddný G. Harðardóttir (Social Democratic Alliance) (2011-2012)
Katrín Júlíusdóttir (Social Democratic Alliance) (2012-2013)
Bjarni Benediktsson (Independence) (2013-2017)
Benedikt Jóhannesson (Reform) (2017-2017)
Bjarni Benediktsson (Independence) (2017–2023 (resigned))
Source:

References

External links
Official site

Finance
Iceland


Wadsley Parish Church is situated within the city of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It is located on Worrall Road,  north west of the city centre in the suburb of Wadsley, which was formerly a village outside the city boundary. The church is quite unusual in that it is not dedicated to a saint. It is a grade II listed building.

History
The first mention of a church for the Wadsley area was in 1751 when an agreement between William Burton, Lord of the Manor of Wadsley and Margaret Bamforth, Lady of the Manor of Owlerton was drawn up to build a chapel of ease within the parish of Ecclesfield. The agreement stated that the Church of St. Mary, Ecclesfield, was too far distant for the ill or infirm to travel for divine service. However nothing further came of this agreement until the 1830s. The church was eventually built between the years 1832 and 1834 at a total cost of £3,500 by Joseph Potter. It is in the Gothic style with much use of Lancet arches and has cast iron piers. The money for construction was put forward by two sisters Ann and Elizabeth Harrison, daughters of Thomas Harrison, a wealthy saw manufacturer. The Harrison sisters disliked the Roman Catholic faith, and in particular the tradition of holding parades with effigies of saints etc. They specified that the church must not have a central aisle, so that no such procession could take place in the church, and also that the church must not be dedicated to a saint.

Construction

Fleester Field was chosen as the site for the church at the top of gently sloping meadowland. The plans for the building were re-drafted a number of times before being approved by the Harrison sisters. In the Autumn of 1832 the site was marked out by the builder and on 22 October 1832 the foundation stone was laid. 600 children who attended the local Sunday Schools were present at the laying of the stone which was carried out using a silver trowel by William Wilson, the uncle of the Harrison sisters. The church was opened on 21 May 1834, 20 days late; the delay was caused by a change in the design of the spire. The first service was led by Reverend S. Langton of St George's Church, Portobello, and Wadsley's first minister Francis Owen also delivered an address. The church was consecrated by the Archbishop of York, Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, on 25 August 1835.

On 30 June 1841 Wadsley parish church received some autonomy from the parish of Ecclesfield when it had a definite district assigned to it. In June 1857, the minister was eventually allowed to publish Banns of marriage and carry out all the usual duties when Wadsley became a "new parish". In March 1883 complete independence was achieved when Alfred Gatty, Vicar of Ecclesfield, relinquished all ties with Wadsley.

Fire of 1884

On Easter day 1884 the church suffered serious damage when a fire destroyed the roof and devastated much of the interior including the pews and organ. The damage took nine months to repair, costing £1,700; a stone was placed over the door in the porch to commemorate the restoration. In the ensuing investigation it was decided that the fire had been caused by sparks from a chimney which ran up the north wall of the building. The church did not hold a service again until Christmas Day 1884 and was officially re-opened by William Thomson, Archbishop of York, on 12 February 1885.

A later addition to the church was the choir vestry which was built in 1897 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. Probably the most eminent member and patron of the church was James Willis Dixon (1814–1876) eldest son of James Dixon, founder of Dixon's silversmiths in Sheffield. There is a memorial to him and his wife in the church nave. In 1917 George Cherry Weaver became minister; his long incumbency of 30 years saw many changes to the church, with electric light installed, pew rents abolished and the churchyard extended.

Present day
The church underwent a major renovation and facelift in 2002–03: side balconies were removed and the rear balcony was extended over the new amenities which included a quiet room, a kitchen, and a larger welcome area. An office and a new toilet block were added to the exterior of the church on either side of the spire. A baptistry (a tank used for baptism by immersion) was also added, although the conventional font was retained.

Graveyard
Victims of the Great Sheffield Flood of 1864 are buried in the graveyard, including members of the Watson, Price, and Atkinson families. The inscription on the Atkinson grave reads: "Ezra and Maurice, their son aged 15 and 9 months ... also William aged 13 and 4 months who perished by the bursting of the Bradfield reservoir, March 12, 1864". The church's original benefactors Ann and Elizabeth Harrison are both buried in the churchyard with a gothic memorial over their graves.

Another grave which caused controversy, and was mentioned in the local press at the time, is the "Cricketer's Grave". This is the resting place of Benjamin Keeton, a well known cricket player in the area who played for the Hallam Cricket Club. When he died in 1871, aged 47, he requested that his grave should mark his devotion to cricket. His widow Fanny abided by his request and had a gravestone carved with cricket stumps, bat and ball on it. The stone caused some controversy, with the vicar and certain parishioners thinking it unsuitable. The stone was knocked down at one point, but replaced after a public meeting showed the majority in favour of it remaining.

The graveyard contains a large open area with no gravestones; this is the site of the burials of people from the nearby South Yorkshire Asylum (later Middlewood Hospital). Several hundred patients from the asylum were buried here in the Victorian era with no memorial, as it was considered a disgrace for a family member to be in an asylum. Many ceremonies were carried out with only the minister and a grave digger present.

There is a memorial to 23 servicemen who died of wounds while being treated at the nearby Wharncliffe War Hospital which the asylum became between 1915 and 1920. Another grave is that of Dr. T. Allan Taylor who developed the high nickel alloy steel needed for the production of the jet engine by Frank Whittle in the 1930s.

References

External links

 www.wadsleychurch.co.uk

Churches in Sheffield
Church of England church buildings in South Yorkshire
History of Sheffield
Churches completed in 1834
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Grade II listed churches in South Yorkshire
Grade II listed buildings in Sheffield


Eurathea is a small genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the tribe Chrysallidini within the family Pyramidellidae.

Distribution
So far, species in this genus have been described from Australia, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands.

Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are ectoparasites.

Species
Species within the genus Eurathea include:
 Eurathea humerica Laseron, 1959 - type species, the type locality is Darwin, Australia. The length of the shell is 3.2 mm.
 Eurathea rissoiformis Peñas & Rolán, 2017
 Eurathea solomonensis Peñas & Rolán, 2017

References

 Laseron, C. F. (1959). Family Pyramidellidae (Mollusca) from Northern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 10(2): 177–267.
 Peñas A. & Rolán E. (2017). Deep water Pyramidelloidea from the central and South Pacific. The tribe Chrysallidini. ECIMAT (Estación de Ciencias Mariñas de Toralla), Universidade de Vigo. 412 pp

Pyramidellidae


Garen is an abandoned townsite in Washington County, Minnesota.

History
Garen was a town just south of Forest Lake, Minnesota. It was located on present U.S. Route 61 and 190th Street. Garen South School in District No. 72 opened in 1893. It had 5 grades: A, B, C, D, and E. The school eventually burned to the ground.

A former Forest Lake historian recalls: "A labor of love that impressed me was to learn about the thoughtfulness of the mothers on cold, winter days. They took turns bringing a hot dish, soup, home baked beans or scalloped potatoes to add to cold lunches the children brought from home in their lunch pails. There also was an oil stove for cooking. Sometimes they had hot chocolate to drink, which at times was a little scorched."

Further reading
 Elsie Vogel, The Forest Lake Times; Oct 31, 1991

Former populated places in Minnesota
Former populated places in Washington County, Minnesota


George John Hall (January 9, 1921 – February 16, 1946) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Hall joined the Army from Boston, Massachusetts, and by May 23, 1944, was serving as a staff sergeant in the 135th Infantry Regiment, 34th Infantry Division. On that day, near Anzio, Italy, he single-handedly captured two German machine gun positions and was severely wounded while attempting to take a third, resulting in him having to self-amputate his right leg. For these actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor on April 6, 1945.

Hall was sent home but died on February 16, 1946, of complications from the wounds he had received at Anzio two years earlier. Aged 25 at his death, he was buried at Saint Patrick Cemetery in his birthplace of Stoneham, Massachusetts.

Medal of Honor citation
Staff Sergeant Hall's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. Attacking across flat, open terrain under direct enemy observation, S/Sgt. Hall's company was pinned down by grazing fire from 3 enemy machineguns and harassing sniper fire. S/Sgt. Hall volunteered to eliminate these obstacles in the path of advance. Crawling along a plowed furrow through furious machinegun fire, he made his way to a point within hand grenade range of 1 of the enemy positions. He pounded the enemy with 4 hand grenades, and when the smoke had died away, S/Sgt. Hall and 2 dead Germans occupied the position, while 4 of the enemy were crawling back to our lines as prisoners. Discovering a quantity of German potato-masher grenades in the position, S/Sgt. Hall engaged the second enemy nest in a deadly exchange of grenades. Each time he exposed himself to throw a grenade the Germans fired machinegun bursts at him. The vicious duel finally ended in S/Sgt. Hall's favor with 5 of the enemy surrendered and 5 others lay dead. Turning his attention to the third machinegun, S/Sgt. Hall left his position and crawled along a furrow, the enemy firing frantically in an effort to halt him. As he neared his final objective, an enemy artillery concentration fell on the area, and S/Sgt. Hall's right leg was severed by a shellburst. With 2 enemy machineguns eliminated, his company was able to flank the third and continue its advance without incurring excessive casualties. S/Sgt. Hall's fearlessness, his determined fighting spirit, and his prodigious combat skill exemplify the heroic tradition of the American Infantryman.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1921 births
1946 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Stoneham, Massachusetts
United States Army non-commissioned officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Deaths by firearm in the United States
American amputees


Irina Nikolayevna Kalentieva () (born 10 November 1977 in Batyrevsky District, Chuvashia) is a retired professional cross-country mountain bike racer from Russia. She won the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships in 2007 and 2009.

She also won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and finished fourth at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and 13th at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

References

1977 births
Living people
Chuvash people
People from Batyrevsky District
Cyclo-cross cyclists
Cross-country mountain bikers
Russian female cyclists
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
UCI Mountain Bike World Champions (women)
Sportspeople from Chuvashia


Chance Russell Myers (born December 7, 1987, in Thousand Oaks, California) is an American former soccer player.

Career

College and amateur
Myers attended Thousand Oaks High School, and played college soccer at UCLA from 2006 to 2007. Over two years he started in 26 of his 42 appearances and managed 4 goals and 4 assists. During his college years he also played in the USL Premier Development League with Ventura County Fusion.

Professional
Leaving school early, Myers was drafted with the first overall pick of the 2008 MLS SuperDraft by Kansas City Wizards and signed for $130,000. He made his MLS debut on April 9, 2008, against the New England Revolution, but struggled to maintain a consistent place in the starting lineup due to a series of injuries and a new diagnosis of asthma.

It was announced on November 18, 2010, that Myers would graduate from the MLS Generation Adidas program at the end of the 2010 season. He scored his first two professional goals on May 25, 2011, in a 5–0 win over New England Revolution in the 2011 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

After his release from Kansas City at the end of 2016 season, Myers signed with Portland Timbers as a free agent on January 23, 2017.

Myers was waived by the Timbers on February 28, 2018.

Post-retirement

In 2019, Myers joined Nashville SC as the team's chief scout.

Honors

Sporting Kansas City
 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup: 2012
Major League Soccer MLS Cup Champion (1): 2013

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
UCLA Bruins men's soccer players
Ventura County Fusion players
Sporting Kansas City players
Sporting Kansas City II players
Sportspeople from Thousand Oaks, California
Soccer players from Ventura County, California
Portland Timbers players
Portland Timbers 2 players
Footballers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Sporting Kansas City draft picks
USL League Two players
Major League Soccer first-overall draft picks
Major League Soccer players
USL Championship players
United States men's youth international soccer players
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
United States men's under-23 international soccer players
Men's association football defenders
Pan American Games competitors for the United States
Thousand Oaks High School alumni


Federico Pucciariello (born 24 June 1975 in Rosario, Argentina) is a former Italian Argentine rugby union footballer. He played at both tighthead and loosehead prop, and played for Munster Rugby up to the end of the 2008–09 season. He previously played for Gloucester Rugby and CS Bourgoin-Jallieu in the Heineken Cup.

Born in Rosario, Pucciariello declared for Italy and won 8 caps for the Azzurri. He played one match at the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals. He later admitted he regretted representing a country other than that he was born in. He also said his most difficult match was that when he lined out against the county of his birth.

Pucciariello, or Freddy as he was affectionately known in Munster, was a crowd favourite in Thomond Park and Musgrave Park. He started in the Heineken Cup semi final against Leinster Rugby, and came on as a replacement for Marcus Horan in the Final triumph over Biarritz Olympique in 2006.
After that he lost his place on the Munster bench for Heineken Cup games to Irish international Tony Buckley, but still lined up in the Celtic League.
Pucciariello retired at the end of the 2008–09 season and returned to his native Argentina.
He played his last game for Munster on 15 May 2009 in 36-10 Celtic League win over the Ospreys at Thomond Park where the team also received the trophy as 2008–09 Celtic League winners. He won 85 caps for Munster and scored 7 tries.

References

External links
Munster profile

1975 births
Living people
Argentine rugby union players
Italian rugby union players
Rugby union props
Munster Rugby players
Barbarian F.C. players
Italy international rugby union players
Sportspeople from Rosario, Santa Fe
1999 Rugby World Cup players


Skollenborg Station () is a railway station located in the village of Skollenborg in Kongsberg, Norway. The station is on the Sørlandet Line railway. Skollenborg Station was served by local trains between Kongsberg via Oslo to Eidsvoll until December 2012.

History

The station was opened in 1871 as a branch line of Randsfjorden Line was opened between Hokksund and Kongsberg. The Skollenborg Station  building was  designed by architect Georg Andreas Bull. Skollenborg  transformer substation  was designed by Gudmund Hoel  and was built in 1926.

References

Railway stations in Buskerud
Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations opened in 1871
1871 establishments in Norway
Kongsberg
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1870s