Gongyi (), formerly Gong County (), is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. It has a population of 790,000 people and an area of .

City
Gongyi is located in the middle of Henan province, on the northern side of Mount Song. The Yellow River runs through the northern part of the city. Zhengzhou city proper lies  to the east and Luoyang  to the west.

The city was once known as Zhenxun (), and was reputedly capital of China during part of the Xia dynasty. According to the Bamboo Annals, Houyi occupied Zhenxun with his forces while the Xia king Taikang was off hunting beyond the Luo River. He was then usurped by his lieutenant Han Zhuo and his son before the Xia were eventually restored.

The celebrated Song tombs are scattered through the towns (zhen) of Xicun, Zhitian, and Huiguo. They are the resting place for 7 emperors of the Northern Song dynasty and the father of the dynasty's founder. There are also the graves of loyal ministers of the Song.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Gongyi was placed under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou but came under the control of Kaifeng in January 1955 before reverting to Zhengzhou in August 1983. In 1991, Gongyi became a county-level city, still under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou.

Gongyi is thought to be the birthplace of the Tang dynasty poet Du Fu, often considered China's greatest poet.

Administrative divisions
As 2012, this city is divided to 5 subdistricts and 15 towns.
Subdistricts

Towns

Climate

References

External links
chinaexpat.com

Zhengzhou
Cities in Henan
County-level divisions of Henan


Teplice nad Bečvou (until 1959 Zbrašov) is a spa municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. In addition to the spa, the municipality is known for the Zbrašov Aragonite Caves.

Geography
Teplice nad Bečvou is located about  northeast of Přerov and  east of Olomouc. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. It is situated on the left bank of the Bečva River.

History
The first written mention of Teplice nad Bečvou under its old name Zbrašov is from 1328. One half of the village belonged to Helfštýn and later to Hranice estate and one half was owned by the Hradisko Monastery. In 1491, Vilém II of Pernštejn bought Zbrašov from Hradisko Monastery and annexed it to his Hranice estate.

Zbrašov was then held by Václav Haugvic of Biskupice (in 1547–1553) and by Jan Kropáč Sr. of Nevědomí (1553–1571). In 1553, Jan Kropáč of Nevědomí had the most abundant thermal springs brought to one place and thus laid the foundations of the local spa. After the Battle of White Mountain, Zbrašov was acquired by Franz von Dietrichstein. His house owned the estate until 1923.

Demographics

Spa
The municipality is known as a spa resort that specializes in cardio-rehabilitation for clients with the emphasis on prevention of heart attacks and strokes. A unique medicinal mean are baths in the alkali earthy acidulous water with a high content of carbon dioxide.

Sights

The Zbrašov Aragonite Caves are located in Teplice nad Bečvou. The cave system was discovered in 1912 and open to the public in 1926. The caves contain aragonite, raft stalagmites and sinter spheric coating, reminding of doughnuts.

Notable people
Olina Hátlová-Tylová (born 1943), luger
Miroslav Janota (born 1948), wrestler
Petr Matoušek (born 1949), cyclist
Jaromír Vlk (born 1949), athlete
Petr Kůrka (born 1960), sports shooter
Dušan Masár (born 1962), wrestler
Radka Štusáková (born 1972), judoka

Twin towns – sister cities

Teplice nad Bečvou is twinned with:
 Šmarješke Toplice, Slovenia

References

External links

Teplice nad Bečvou Spa

Villages in Přerov District
Spa towns in the Czech Republic


9921 Rubincam, provisional designation , is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 March 1981, by American astronomer Schelte Bus at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, and later named after American geophysicist David Rubincam.

Orbit and classification

Rubincam is a stony S-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,338 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.
A first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1953, extending the body's observation arc by 28 years prior to its official discovery at Siding Spring.

Physical characteristics

Lightcurves

In February 2010, two rotational lightcurves of Rubincam were obtained from photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.01 and 8.014 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.33 and 0.31 in magnitude, respectively ().

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Rubincam measures 4.250 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.204, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 4.1 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.3.

Naming

This minor planet was named after David Rubincam (born 1947), an American solid-earth geophysicist and planetary geodynamicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He was the first to study the influence of the radiation recoil effects on an asteroid's rotation period and spin axis, which he later named the Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect or YORP effect for short. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 September 2015 ().

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

009921
Discoveries by Schelte J. Bus
Named minor planets
19810302


Paul David Edward Shepherd (born 17 November 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full-back.

Whilst at Leeds he made one first team appearance in October 1996; a 3–0 defeat away to Arsenal at Highbury. He was a part of the England squad at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship.

On 17 June 2021, at Leeds Crown Court, Shepherd was found guilty of four charges relating to possessing a firearm and Class A drugs after a three-day trial.

References

External links

Paul Shepherd at Leeds-Fans.org.uk
Paul Shepherd at StalybridgeCeltic.co.uk

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Leeds
Men's association football fullbacks
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Leeds United F.C. players
Ayr United F.C. players
Knattspyrnudeild Keflavík players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players
Leigh Genesis F.C. players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
Stalybridge Celtic F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
English expatriate men's footballers
Sportspeople convicted of crimes
English people convicted of drug offences
People convicted of illegal possession of weapons


Cannessières (Picard: Tchènessière) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D195 road, some  south-southwest of Abbeville.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Lester Leroy Short (born May 29, 1933) is an American ornithologist. His main research field is the order Piciformes.

Biography
Short was born in Port Chester, New York. In 1955 he received a PHD from Cornell University. After a study of vertebrate zoology at Charles Sibley in the Cornell University he wrote his dissertation with the title Hybridization in the Flickers (Colaptes) of North America in 1959. From 1960 to 1962 he was assistant professor at the Adelphi University. From 1963 to 1966 he worked for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. From 1966 until his retirement in 1997 he was Lamont curator of birds at the American Museum of Natural History. In that position he made expeditions to South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific islands. In 1972 Short took part on a survey to study the Okinawa woodpecker. After the results of this expedition were published in the Wilson Bulletin in 1973 the American public became aware of the threats which brought the Okinawa woodpecker to the verge of extinction. A planned project to build United States Marine Corps facilities in the Yambaru forest in the northern Okinawa was stopped to protect the woodpecker. In 1986 and 1987 Short was among the members of a Cuban-American-Expedition which were able to observe the thought to be extinct Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdii) for a short while. This was the last reliable sighting of this subspecies.

Short is the author of Woodpeckers of the World (1982), a comprehensive account on the order Piciformes, and of more than 250 scientific articles including descriptions of the Kaempfer's woodpecker and the pale-eyed blackbird. In 1978 he married the Kenyan ornithologist and bioacoustican Jennifer F. M. Horne who died in 2008.

Bibliography (selected)
Hybridization in the Flickers (Colaptes) of North America, 1959
Aves nuevas o poco comunes Corrientes, Republica Argentina, 1971
Birds of the World, 1975
Woodpeckers of the World, 1982
The Birdwatcher's Book of Lists: Lists for Recreation and Recordkeeping, 1987
Annotated Check-list of the Birds of East Africa, 1990
The Birdwatcher's Book of Lists: Western Region, 1992
The Birdwatcher's Book of Lists: Eastern Region, 1992
The Lives of Birds: Birds of the World and Their Behavior, 1993
Toucans, Barbets and Honeyguides: Ramphastidae, Capitonidae and Indicatoridae (Bird Families of the World), 2001
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (2002). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers. Lynx Edicions.  (Chapter about the Toucans, Barbets and Honeyguides together with Jennifer Horne)

External links
Biography

American ornithologists
Cornell University alumni
1933 births
Living people
People from Port Chester, New York
Scientists from New York (state)


The Diocese of Sant Feliu de Llobregat  () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Sant Feliu de Llobregat in the Ecclesiastical province of Barcelona in Spain.

History
 15 June 2004: Established as Diocese of Sant Feliu de Llobregat from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Barcelona

Special churches
Minor Basilica, National Shrine:
 Basílica de Mare de Déu de Montserrat, Montserrat, Catalonia
Minor Basilica:
 Basílica de Santa Maria, Vilafranca del Penedès, Catalonia

Leadership
Agustín Cortés Soriano (15 June 2004 – present)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Spain

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Christian organizations established in 2004
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century


Vince Dantona (April 2, 1949 – February 27, 2012) was an American ventriloquist.

Vince Dantona was born in Brooklyn New York. Parents of Vincent and Dolores Dantona, Siblings to Linda Dantona, Joseph Dantona, Debra Dantona, Richard J Dantona, and Laura Dantona.

Career
Dantona began his comedy career in Okinawa during his time in the Marine Corps, learning ventriloquism through a correspondence course by practicing in front of a mirror. Before long, Vince purchased a wooden dummy and dubbed him "George."

Vince began working on Long Island with other performers, including Eddie Murphy, Rob Bartlett, and Bob Nelson at Richard Dixon's White House Inn in North Massapequa, New York. At first, Vince had wanted to do stand-up, but found he did better with a ventriloquist act; Vince has called George his "safety net", saying, "He gets away with everything. Nobody ever gets mad at him."

Before finishing the course, he (along with George) hosted a two-hour children's program on Armed Forces television and radio. Vince was also the first $10,000 winner on ABC-TV's America's Funniest People in 1991.

Vince toured with the USO, entertaining United States troops. Vince and George appeared on numerous television shows, including Comedy Central, Good Morning America, The Joan Rivers Show, The Joe Franklin Show, and Comedy Tonight.
On occasion they opened for Soupy Sales, Henny Youngman, Robert Klein, Tiny Tim, Jay and the Americans, Martina McBride, Judy Collins, Bobby Rydell, Bobby Vinton, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Boyz II Men.

Vince regularly performed at such places as Pocono Palace in the Pocono mountains, Caesar's Resorts, and The Tropicana in Atlantic City.

Dantona died on February 27, 2012, at the age of 62.

References

American stand-up comedians
Ventriloquists
1949 births
2012 deaths


Fairy Tales From Saint Etienne (1995) is a compilation album by the British band Saint Etienne which was released only in Japan. It is a mix of album tracks, singles and B-sides.

Track listing

References

Saint Etienne (band) compilation albums
1995 compilation albums


A nygma (plural nygmata) is a spot on the wings of certain insects which have a peculiar dense cuticular structure. They are found only in the wings of endopterygotes but found only in some insect groups. Nygmata are found in caddisflies, scorpionflies, saw-flies and in some families of Neuroptera (e.g. Megaloptera and Ithonidae). The function of nygmata are unknown: they do not connect with nerves or glands. They are typically circular. They never occur on the veins and veins always appear to branch around them. Nygmata show up even in fossil Osmylidae from China. The positions and structure of nygmata are often used in the descriptions of insect species that bear them.

References

Insect anatomy


Medeama Sporting Club is a Ghanaian association football club based in Tarkwa, Western Region. It was formerly known as Kessben F.C. before changing its name to Medeama Sporting Club in January 2011.

History
Medeama Football Club was established 2008 as a Ghana Division Three League club. In 2010, the club failed in its initial attempt to qualify to the Ghana Premier League. This led to the purchasing of the defunct Kessben FC the same year. The licensing of the club was fully completed in December 2010 and club was renamed to Medeama Sporting Club in January 2011. The base of the Kessben club was moved from Abrankese in Ashanti Region of Ghana to Tarkwa in the Western Region of Ghana.

Grounds
Medeama SC play their home matches at Akoon Park located in Tarkwa, Ghana. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

Roster
As of 10 October, 2022.

Captains

 Mohammed Muntari Tagoe 2014–2016
 Joseph Tetteh Zutah 2017–

Management staff
Chairman
  Moses Armah
Board Chairman
  Dr Anthony Aubynn
Chief executive
  James Essilfie
Club Solicitor
  Emmanuel Larbi Amoah
Communication Director
  Patrick Akoto

Managerial history

  Hans van der Pluijm (Head coach) 2013–2015
  Tom Strand (Head coach) 2015–2016
  Evans Adotey (Technical Director), (Interim coach) 2013–2017
  Samuel Boadu (Head coach) (2018–2021)
 Yaw Preko (Head coach) (2021)
  Ignatius Osei-Fosu (Head coach)
  Charles Anokye Frimpong (Assistant coach)

Supporting staff
  Hamza Obeng (Assistant coach)
  Eric Amponsah (Goalkeepers coach)
  Joachim Yaw (Assistant coach)

References

External links

 Ghana-pedia webpage - Kessben FC

Association football clubs disestablished in 2010
Association football clubs established in 2002
Football clubs in Ghana
Sports clubs and teams in Ghana
Western Region (Ghana)
2002 establishments in Ghana


LMR Liepāja was a Latvian football club that in the early 1960s won the Latvian Cup two years in a row and was then disbanded because of a disciplinary decision.

Club history

The club appeared in 1961 and it was coached by one of the most popular former Liepāja footballers Harijs Feldmanis. In 1961 the club for which played several former players from the main Liepāja club – Geislers, Lazdenieks, Āboltiņš, Prokofjevs, Gusevs, Jānis Karaškēvičs, E.Feldmanis reached the Latvian Cup semifinals, but in 1962 it sensationally won the Latvian Cup although LMR didn't even play in the top Latvian league.

In 1963 LMR strengthened with previous season champion of Latvia with ASK Rīga Harijs Balcers made its debut in the republican league with a bang – five victories in first five matches. Although the rest of the season wasn't as brilliant and the club finished only fourth in the Latvian league (a result still unsurpassed by any Liepāja club for three decades). But in the Latvian Cup LMR got to another victory, but this victory later proved to be the beginning of the end for the club.

As winners of the Latvian Cup LMR participated in the Soviet Cup and after a loss in Dnipropetrovsk the clubs footballers made a mess in the train and were evicted by police from the train. A report about the incident was published in the main Soviet sports newspaper and it was clear that the story of LMR wouldn't have a happy ending.

Another Liepāja club – Dinamo Liepāja – meanwhile wanted to play in the Latvian league instead of LMR and the club managed to persuade the football officials that LMR should be disqualified and so it was and Dinamo got a place in the top league but all LMR players were disqualified. Of LMR footballers only Voldemārs Frīdenbergs later played on a high level – for Zvejnieks Liepāja.

Sport in Liepāja
Defunct football clubs in Latvia


Cantigny (; Picard: Cantegny) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

History
During World War I, a battle liberated the town from German forces. Major General Robert Lee Bullard commanded the US First Division in the United States' first victory of the war. About 10 years later, Colonel Robert R. McCormick named his estate in Illinois after the town.

Geography
Cantigny is situated on the D28 road, some  southeast of Amiens.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Somme department

References

External links

 Battle of Cantigny at the American Expeditionary Force website

Communes of Somme (department)


Black College Football Experience (BCFx) is a sports video game centered on the culture of black college football.  BCFx was created by Nerjyzed Entertainment, Inc., of Baton Rouge, LA. It features Historically Black Colleges & University (HBCU) football teams from three HBCU conferences including the SWAC, SIAC, and several schools within the MEAC as well as independent HBCUs. The game features nearly 40 teams, bands, interactive halftime shows, stadiums, play-by-play commentary, and ten Classic games such as the Turkey Day Classic, Bayou Classic, Florida Classic, Atlanta Football Classic and the Southern Heritage Classic. BCFx was originally released on Windows-based PC systems in November 23, 2007. An Xbox 360 version titled "The Doug Williams Edition" was released September 29. On November 15, 2021, it was announced that BCFx would be joining the Xbox One and Xbox Series S/X backwards compatibility list.

BCFx uses the Unreal Engine 3 game engine.

Reviews
BCFX reception by critics was mixed, receiving a 3.5/10 by IGN and a 5.5/10 by Official Xbox Magazine. Negative reviews claimed poor AI and gameplay implementation, while positive critiques noted that the game "looks fairly sharp" visually, and that the developer "built in a pretty entertaining playable halftime show," with a "pretty nifty in-game museum with good info on the schools, their players, and their history."

References

2009 video games
College football video games
Sports and historically black universities and colleges in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Unreal Engine games
North America-exclusive video games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Aspyr games


The Gonzo is an undergraduate satire/humor publication founded in 1993 at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.

The first editor-in-chief of The Gonzo and its founder is Richard Diefenbeck, Jr.,  a continuing education student at Georgetown University who went on to write for Andrei Codrescu and created the first picture blog ever at Dr. Menlo Blogs From Space!. His successor, Shlomi Raz, ran the publication between 1994 and 1996.  Dan Alamariu co-ran the paper with John Mathiesen during 1996. Finally, John Mathiesen co-ran the publication with Micah Sachs until its final issue in 1998.

Cultural impact
"Every time you masturbate... God kills a kitten" originally appeared as the cover of The Gonzo in 1996 and has been used extensively since its rediscovery in 2002.

Justin Hall, pioneer blogger, listed The Georgetown Gonzo and said of it, "I believe this was the first college humour magazine published online. I don't know that they've done much with it since."

The original tagline to The Gonzo (penned by Diefenbeck aka "Homer"), launched in 1993, was "The Most Important Paper in the World". The Daily Show tagline from 1996 to September 11, 2001, was "The most important television program...ever."

References

External links
The Georgetown Gonzo (via archive.org

College humor magazines
Magazines established in 1993
Magazines published in Washington, D.C.
Satirical magazines published in the United States
Student magazines published in the United States


Maometto II (or ) is an 1820 opera in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Cesare della Valle. Set in the 1470s during a time of war between the Turks and Venetians, the work was commissioned by the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples. Della Valle based his libretto on his earlier play Anna Erizo. The name of the title character, Maometto II, refers to the real-life Ottoman Sultan and conqueror of Constantinople Mehmed II, who lived from 1432 to 1481.

Regarded "in some ways [as his] most ambitious opera" and as "the best of Rossini's Neapolitan operas", Maometto II failed to find an audience in Naples and, "to help ensure [its] success in Venice and Paris, he smoothed out the most audacious elements of the score". Venice first saw it on 22 December 1822 and then, translated into French and changed significantly, it was presented as Le siège de Corinthe in 1826.

Until the preparation of the critical editions of Maometto II, the composer's original intentions remained obscure. The introduction to an early version prepared by musicologists Philip Gossett and Patricia Brauner (along with Claudio Scimone) notes some of the difficulties of determining what Rossini had intended:
Extraordinary for its dramatic power and the nobility of its musical content, Maometto II is also an opera that poses many textual problems, since Rossini's successive revisions were made directly in the autograph score. Using copies of the score dating back to the original productions of each of these versions, the critical edition reconstructs the text of the first version (Naples, 1820), which reflects the composer's original intentions.
A new critical edition was prepared under the supervision of Philip Gossett and edited by Dutch scholar Hans Schellevis. The first performances which used it were given by The Santa Fe Opera during its 2012 season and the German company, Bärenreiter, released the score for rentals in 2013.

Composition history
The opera was written as Rossini's composing career was beginning to slow down to one opera per year, and it appeared almost a year after Bianca e Falliero, although it was succeeded very quickly by Matilde di Shabran. In accepting the commission from the San Carlo in May 1820, it became clear when Rossini began composing the opera, that it "would be the most ambitious of all [his] works for the Italian stage". As it turned out, "its composition process was long and laborious, the circumstances of its making unexpectedly fraught".

From early 1820, various political upheavals threatened the rule of King Ferdinand I and these prevented theatrical productions and extended the composition process. During this time, Rossini "modified della Valle's libretto, accentuating the human aspect of the tragedy, playing down the political and nationalistic elements".

By late 1820, the political situation was sufficiently under control to allow theatrical activity to continue and, while the production of Maometto II missed many deadlines, its first performance took place at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples on 3 December 1820. However, the opera "was not much liked by the Neapolitans" since the composer was "moving in a direction the Naples audience was reluctant to follow".

Musical structure
Musicologists have identified many distinctive elements of the 1820 score for Naples which moved beyond the then-existing traditions. As Philip Gossett notes: "Italian opera of the early nineteenth century worked within a finely tuned system of musical and dramatic conventions, many of which were developed and codified in Rossini's earlier operas."

Some of these new features explain the reason for the opera's rejection by Neapolitan audiences of that time, because "Rossini carried his art far beyond [their] capabilities." One feature is that act 1 lasts 90 minutes and contains only five sections, one of which is the "terzettone" (a name unique to Rossini meaning "a big fat trio"). This trio runs some 25 minutes and includes "the temporary departure of two principals, intrusive cannon fire, an outbreak of popular dismay, and a prayer."

Another element is a move away from a conventional bel canto era finale which usually contained a florid and virtuosic rondo for a happy ending or a cabaletta for a tragic one. Instead, Rossini gives the prima donna a 40-minute display of vocal artistry during which she never leaves the stage. In the 1822 Venice revision, Rossini substituted his own aria "" from La donna del lago in order to achieve the conventional effect, as well as to create a happy ending. Also, as Gossett notes, a significant additional feature of the opera is that there are only five independent arias in the opera, only two of which end with cabalettas.

Performance history

The Venice version and other productions in Europe, 1823–1826
In Venice, this version "was well received when Rossini revised it for performances....at the Teatro La Fenice in December 1822.", his last composition for an Italian house. However, the composer had to bow to a need for a significant change to the original ending, thus "spar[ing] Venetian sensibilities by providing a happy [one]".

Philip Gossett provides an explanation for the change made to the Venice score, which includes this happy ending: it is "to remove the horror of the historical catastrophe" and, therefore, Rossini instructed a copyist to end the opera using the rondo, "", from his La donna del lago of 1819, thus removing Maometto's final confrontation with Anna, his discovery of her marriage to Calbo, and her suicide. This version also includes music from Bianca e Falliero. In 1823 and 1824, Maometto II was presented in Vienna and in Milan and then in Lisbon in 1826, but after that it dropped out of sight.

Maometto II becomes
"A large part of [Maomettos] score [was adapted] to a new French libretto" and staged in Paris on 9 October 1826 as , the wars between the Greeks and the Turks then being topical, in the context of the Greek War of Independence.

20th and 21st century productions
In its original form Maometto II disappeared for almost 150 years. In 1976 the Metropolitan Opera "performed what they called , an Italian translation of Rossini's French revision of the score". A version was presented by the Rossini Festival in Pesaro in 1985. The San Francisco Opera production on 17 September 1988 was regarded as being "closer to the original Rossini version of the opera, but it too was highly problematic." No references to a production in the UK exist.

In January 2004 a version of the opera was presented in Bilbao by the ABAO company. It featured Simone Alaimo and June Anderson in the major roles. The Venice version was given at La Fenice in February 2005, while performances using a version edited by conductor Claudio Scimone were given at the Pesaro Festival in August 2008.

Maometto II restored
The Santa Fe Opera (New Mexico) gave a restored 1820 Naples Maometto II its world premiere on 14 July 2012. The performance used a critical edition by Dutch scholar Hans Schellevis which was published by Bärenreiter of Kassel in 2013 under the general editorship of musicologist Philip Gossett, who was present as advisor in Santa Fe during rehearsals. The cast featured Luca Pisaroni in the title role, soprano Leah Crocetto (grand prize winner of the 2010 Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions) as Anna, mezzo-soprano Patricia Bardon as Calbo, and tenor Bruce Sledge as Erisso. Directed by David Alden, the production was set in the 1820s.<ref>John Stege, "Maometto il Magnifico: Rossini's Maometto II brings tragic grandeur to the Santa Fe Opera], Santa Fe Reporter, 18 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012</ref>

Garsington Opera in England presented the British premiere of the critical edition during its 2013 summer season. The Canadian Opera Company performed the work during its 2015–16 season, using the Santa Fe Opera production.

Roles

Synopsis
Source:
 Time: 1470
 Place: Negroponte, in the Aegean Sea

Act 1
 [For the Venice version, 1822: Rossini added an overture]The palace of the Governor, ErissoByzantium has just fallen to the Turks, and the troops of Maometto II (Sultan Mehmed II) are laying siege at the Venetian city of Negroponte (Chalkis). Maometto has demanded the surrender of the city the following day.

Amongst the Venetians, a council of war is being held and different opinions as to proposed actions are expressed. Young Calbo pushes Paolo Erisso to go on fighting and defend the city, while General Condulmiero wishes to yield. The consensus is to continue fighting and the troops swear allegiance to Calbo.Another part of the palaceAlone, Erisso's daughter, Anna, contemplates her father's plight. Aria: "" (Ah! In vain I call for sweet oblivion). Erisso enters along with Calbo, and he explains their situation, suggesting that she marry Calbo as additional protection. However, her discomfort is clear: she explains that she has fallen in love with a man named Uberto while her father was away in Venice. When told that this same Uberto traveled with Erisso and never remained in Corinth, she realizes that she has been duped by an unknown noble.

Trio: "" (Alas, what a thunderbolt). Erisso gives her a dagger with which to defend herself if necessary.
 [This begins the terzettone ("the big fat trio") which runs through the following 25 minutes of the action, including the tempo di mezzo of the cannon shot]

A cannon shot is heard, and Erisso and Calbo rush off to battle. Anna leaves to go to the church to pray.A square outside the churchThe women gather and, upon Anna's arrival, she learns from them that a traitor has allowed entry into the city by the Turks. Briefly, Anna prays: "Giusto cielo" (Merciful heaven, in such peril / no counsel, / no hope / is forthcoming). All take refuge in the church.The city, the following morningMaometto and his men enter the city, which he seems to know well. Selim is curious as to why, but his general reveals nothing. Then soldiers rush in and announce that Erisso and Calbo have been captured. Both men are led in, in chains. Maometto recognizes their gallantry, but demands that they and their men surrender and states that then all will be released. By his silence, Erisso rejects the offer and, as the two are about to be led away to be tortured, Anna and the women appear from the church.

Each character recognizes the situation with which they are confronted: Anna realizes that Maometto is the man who was her lover "Uberto"; Maometto is dumbfounded to re-discover Anna; and Erisso, similarly dumbfounded, cannot believe that she could have fallen for the Sultan. Each of the other characters also expresses their anguish or surprise. Anna threatens to kill herself unless Maometto releases Erisso and Calbo; he agrees. Although he is confused about her continuing love, he promises her a life of luxury.

Act 2Maometto's tentAnna, who has been taken to Maometto's tent, is surrounded by Muslim girls who appeal to her to soften her feelings towards him. Indignantly, she rejects them and states her determination to escape. At that moment, Maometto enters. He says that he understands her conflicting emotions on discovering that Uberto is now Maometto, but he still loves her and wishes her to reign with him as queen of Italy while he will allow her father and Calbo (who has been described as her brother) to live. Rejecting him, she declares "I loved Uberto; I loathe a liar" and continues to explain that her love for her country is so strong that she could never love him as much.

In their duet ("" / Anna, are you crying? Your tears are not a sign of hatred...) her conflicting emotions are revealed with Maometto declaring that she will eventually be his and Anna stating "I love, but sooner would I be buried than yield to love".

Noise from outside is revealed to be Maometto's soldiers ready to continue their attack on the citadel. As he prepares to leave, Maometto promises that while he still has a hope of possessing Anna, he will protect her father. She insists on something to guarantee her safety in his absence and, as a symbol of his promise and his protection, he gives her his imperial seal of authority. Urged on by his captains, Maometto vows to fight or die as they leave for battle in the citadel: (Aria: "" / At this gallant request). Anna vows to find a means of preserving her honor, and also leaves.The church vaults with Anna's mother's tombErisso and Calbo are hiding in the vault. Erisso speaks of his frustration, wishing that he could be fighting again in the citadel. He kneels before his wife's tomb wishing that he too was dead and not having to endure his daughter's disgrace and to see her with Maometto. Calbo tries to assure him that Anna was duped, that she is innocent, and that she was forcefully abducted by Maometto's men: (Aria: "" / Do not fear: that heart was never capable of base emotions).

 [Venice version, 1822: At this point, Maometto enters and confront the two men. Maometto proclaims that he still wishes to marry Anna, but Erisso states that he would rather kill his daughter. In a duet which becomes a trio, the three men lay their out their claims and feelings, Calbo asserting his love for Anna, Erisso revealing that Anna has become Calbo's wife, and when Maometto swears vengeance upon the two men, Calbo taunts him to return to the battlefield. The trio concludes with all three claiming that Anna shall be his reward—as a father, as a lover, as a husband. Maometto then leaves. All of the confrontation between Anna, her father, and Calbo is omitted].

While Erisso hopes that Calbo is right, Anna enters. Initially, he spurns his daughter for consorting with the enemy but she swears that she will never marry Maometto. As proof, Anna gives him Maometto's seal, which will enable both men to come out of hiding. However, she declares that she must die, but not before her father marries her to Calbo at her mother's tomb. Erisso clasps both their hands in his as they all stand beside the tomb: (Terzettino: "" / In these moments...). The two men depart for the combat against Maometto.

Alone, Anna contemplates her situation (Aria: "" / At last one half of the task is accomplished). From the church above the vaults, a chorus of women are praying: "" / O God whose throne is the sun... Turn your face again to us.

 [Venice version, 1822: The women join Anna and a commotion is heard as the battle rages. Suddenly, the Venetian soldiers rush in proclaiming their victory and they are followed by Erisso and Calbo. Erisso embraces his daughter and tells her that she must give herself in marriage to Calbo: "Let your hand be the reward for his love". She agrees. (Aria: "" / So many emotions all at once, Rossini's aria from La donna del lago (1819).
 With the women and soldiers singing of their joy, Anna joins Calbo at the altar as the opera ends.]

When the women stop, they call out to Anna and a few of them enter the vault to tell her that Maometto has been defeated by Erisso and has fled, but that her life is now in danger, since he will be seeking revenge. She tells them that she would rather die.

Maometto's men rush in, but they appear to be powerless to act, in spite of her demands: "" / Yes, strike: I ask it, I deserve it. At that moment, Maometto and his captains enter and confront Anna. Maometto asks for his seal to be returned, but telling him that she gave it to her father and that she has married Calbo, she stabs herself and dies on her mother's tomb.

Recordings

References
Notes

Cited sources
 Beghelli, Marco, (Trans. Daniela Pilarz), "Maometto Secondo" booklet notes accompanying the Dynamic DVD of the opera.
Brauner, Patricia, Philip Gossett, and Claudio Scimone (1996), "Maometto II", Edizione critica delle opere di Gioachino Rossini, Vol. 31. Fondazione Rosinni Pesaro on uchicago.edu (Center for Italian Opera Studies, University of Chicago). Accessed 10 May 2011

 Gossett, Philip (1984), "Maometto II: Soundness of Structure and Musical Splendour". Essay in the booklet accompanying Maometto Secondo, the 1983 Philips recording.
 Gossett, Philip (1992), "History and Works That Have No History: Reviving Rossini's Neapolitan Operas" in Katherine Bergeron and Philip V. Bohlman, Disciplining Music: Musicology and Its Canons, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gossett, Philip; Brauner, Patricia (2001), " Maometto II " in Holden, Amanda (ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam.
Holland, Bernard (1988), "San Francisco Offers Rossini at Full Tilt", The New York Times, 20 September 1988, p. C7. Accessed 10 May 2011.
 Mays, Desirée (2012), "Maometto II", Opera Unveiled 2012, Santa Fe: The Santa Fe Opera.
 Osborne, Charles (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
 Osborne, Richard, Rossini: His Life and Works (2007), (The Master Musicians Series), Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press (2nd edition).

External links

 Teatro La Fenice, Programma di sala: "Maometto II", complete libretto with illustrations and accompanying essays in Italian (opens as a .doc file)
 Performance of Maometto II'' (1822 Venice version), [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_LQD-QIQws Act 1 and Act 2, recorded in 2005 and now on the official YouTube channel of Teatro La Fenice. (See recording details under "Recordings" above).
 Almaviva, "Rossini's Maometto II – New Critical Edition – world premiere at Santa Fe Opera, July 14, 2012" 8 June 2012 on operalively.com. Retrieved 17 August 2012.

1820 operas
Italian-language operas
Operas based on real people
Operas by Gioachino Rossini
Operas
Operas set in the 15th century
Operas set in Turkey
Opera world premieres at the Teatro San Carlo
Fiction set in the 1470s
Cultural depictions of Mehmed the Conqueror


The Diocese of Terrassa  () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Terrassa in the Ecclesiastical province of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain.

History
 June 15, 2004 - Established as Diocese of Terrassa from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Barcelona.

Leadership
Bishops
 José Ángel Saiz Meneses (2004.06.15 – 2021.04.17)
 Salvador Cristau Coll (3 December 2021 – present)

Auxiliary bishops
 Salvador Cristau Coll

See also
Roman Catholicism in Spain

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

References

External links
 Official website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Christian organizations established in 2004
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century


Theodora of Khazaria (Greek: Θεοδώρα τῶν Χαζάρων) was Byzantine empress as the second wife of Justinian II. She was a sister of Busir, khagan of the Khazars, but their relation to other Khazar rulers such as Bihar, father of the future Empress Tzitzak, is unknown.

Marriage
Justinian II had first succeeded to the throne in 685. In 695, Justinian was deposed by a coup d'état under strategos Leontius. Justinian's nose and tongue were slit and he was exiled to Cherson in the Crimea.

Justinian stayed in Cherson for about seven years with no apparent incident. However rumors that the deposed emperor was plotting his restoration came to the attention of the city authorities c. 702. They  decided to arrest and send him to Constantinople, surrendering his fate to Tiberius III. Justinian instead escaped Cherson and sought refuge in the court of Busir.

Busir welcomed the exile and formed a familial relation to Justinian by marrying him to his sister, whose original name is unknown, in 703. Theodora was her baptismal name and marks her conversion to Chalcedonian Christianity. The name was probably chosen to evoke memories of Theodora, wife of Justinian I. Busir provided the couple with funds and a house in Phanagoria.

Tiberius eventually took notice of the new marital alliance and bribed Busir in exchange for the head of Justinian. According to the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, c. 704 Busir dispatched two agents to murder his brother-in-law, Balgitzin and Papatzys. Theodora became aware of their mission and warned her husband in advance, enabling him to strangle both men and sail in a fishing boat back to Cherson.

Theodora was left behind in the custody of her brother. Their only known son Tiberius is considered to have been born at some point during the separation of his parents, indicating Theodora was pregnant prior to the escape.

Empress
In 705, Justinian formed a new alliance, this time with Tervel of Bulgaria. With an army of 15,000 horsemen provided by him, Justinian suddenly advanced on Constantinople and managed to gain entrance into the city. He deposed Tiberius III and regained his throne. Theodora was the new empress consort but was still in the custody of her brother.

According to the chronicle of Theophanes and the Chronographikon syntomon of Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople, Justinian was planning to reclaim his wife by force. In 705/706, a detachment of the  Imperial navy was sent to the Sea of Azov to escort Theodora back, but the fleet was sunk by a storm before reaching their destination.

Busir wrote to his brother-in-law and informed him that war was unnecessary. He was free to reclaim Theodora as soon as he sent emissaries to escort her and, according to Theophanes, he also informed Justinian of the existence of his son, Tiberius. Theophylaktos, a koubikoularios, was sent to bring them back to Constantinople with no further incident. Theodora was crowned Augusta and Tiberius was proclaimed co-emperor to secure his succession rights.

Deposition
During his second reign, Justinian proved to be merciless in his pursuit of vengeance against supporters of Leontius and Tiberius III. The growing discontent over his harsh rule would lead to further conflict for the throne. In 711, a new revolt started in Cherson under exiled general Bardanes, renamed Philippicus, and Busir lent his support to the rebels.

Justinian was absent in Armenia when the revolt started and was unable to return to Constantinople in time to defend it. He was arrested and executed outside the city in December 711, his head being sent to Bardanes as a trophy. On hearing the news of his death, Anastasia, Justinian's mother, took his six-year-old son and co-emperor, Tiberius, to sanctuary at St. Mary's Church in Blachernae, but was pursued by Philippicus' henchmen, who dragged the child from the altar and, once outside the church, murdered him, thus eradicating the line of Heraclius.

Whether Theodora was still alive during the events remains unclear. Theophanes and Nikephoros make no mention of her when recounting the deposition. Joannes Zonaras presumed her to be already deceased, but he was writing four centuries after the events and the factual accuracy of his statement is debatable. Unlike other empresses, there is no tomb mentioned for her and the year and manner of her death remains unknown.

Children
Theodora and Justinian II had only one known child:

 Tiberius (c. 705 – 711, co-emperor from 706 to 711). Executed by orders of Philippicus.

References

Further reading

7th-century births
8th-century Byzantine empresses
8th-century deaths
Heraclian dynasty
Khazar people


See also Emathion

In Greek mythology, Emathus, Emathius or  Amathus (Ancient Greek:), was son of Makednos, from whom Emathia (the Homeric name of Lower Macedonia) was believed to have derived its name. The daughters of his brother Pierus, the Pierides, are sometimes called Emathides after him. The Emathian or Emathius in Latin is a frequently used epithet in Latin poets for Alexander the Great.

Emathus was apparently first called son of Makednos in Marsyas of Pella (c. 330 BC), who made Emathos and Pieros the eponymous founders of these two regions in Ancient Macedonia. According to Solinus (9.10), Emathius was unrelated to and earlier than Makednos. He also says that while the country was still called Emathia, Orestes and Hermione arrived and had a son Orestis there, who founded an empire (also called Orestis) stretching to the Adriatic; this was some time before Makednos.

According to Stephanus of Byzantium, Brusos was a son of Emathius, from whom Brusis, a portion of Macedonia, was believed to have derived its name. Galadrus, another son of Emathius, is likewise credited with giving his name to the city of Galadrai.

Notes

References

 Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996.
 Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
 Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
 Stephanus of Byzantium, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt, edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. Online version at the Topos Text Project.

Characters in Greek mythology
Mythology of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)


Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez (May 23, 1913 – December 8, 1997) was a Cuban Communist politician and economist, who served in the cabinets of presidents Fulgencio Batista and Fidel Castro.

Born in Cienfuegos, he became mayor of the city when he was only 20. Four years later, he joined the Communist Party and was appointed editor of the party newspaper, Hoy. He graduated from university in 1939. Although he was a participant in the 1935 general strike against provisional President Carlos Mendieta, in 1942, Rodríguez joined the cabinet of President Fulgencio Batista. A "dedicated Marxist", Rodríguez's participation in the Batista cabinet marked the high point of the regime's collaboration with the Communist Party.

Rodríguez first met Fidel Castro through a mutual friend after Castro visited the Communist Party's bookstore a few days before his disastrous attack on the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953. Although Rodríguez denounced the attack after it occurred, he eventually allied himself with Castro in the Cuban Revolution. In July 1958, he joined the 26th of July Movement in the Sierra Maestra mountain range in support of its guerrilla war against Batista; it was the first such gesture of support by the Communist Party for the rebels.

Castro befriended him, and after his victory, he rewarded Rodríguez with top posts in the Cuban government. From 1962 to 1965, Rodríguez headed the National Institute of Agrarian Reform, and was referred to by some in the foreign press as Cuba's economic czar. In 1969, Castro sent him as an "observer" to the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties in Moscow, where he gave an important speech declaring that Cuba would "stand unflinchingly by the USSR". The speech was one of a series of steps taken by the Castro regime to move closer to the Soviet Union after having publicly disagreed with the Soviets in the early- and mid-1960s. Rodríguez remained a key figure in Soviet-Cuban relations, providing public statements during times of friendship and discord. Before being sidelined in 1997 with deteriorating health, he served on the Politburo and as Vice President. He suffered from Parkinson's disease and died in Havana, with Castro presiding over his burial ceremony.

Notes

References
Domínguez, Jorge I. (1989). To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. .
Suchlicki, Jaime (2002). Cuba: from Columbus to Castro and Beyond, 5th Edition. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. .
Dillon, Sam (December 13, 1997). "Carlos Rodriguez, Castro Ally And Leftist Leader, Dies at 84". The New York Times. Retrieved on January 31, 2008.

1913 births
1997 deaths
Communist Party of Cuba politicians
Mayors of places in Cuba
Government ministers of Cuba
Neurological disease deaths in Cuba
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
People of the Cuban Revolution
Popular Socialist Party (Cuba) politicians
University of Havana alumni


The Times & Citizen is a free local newspaper published on Thursdays in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. The newspaper is distributed all over the Borough of Bedford and much of Mid Bedfordshire. Current circulation is around 31,000.

History

First published in 1845, the Bedford Times was the first regular paper published for the Bedfordshire area. A rival paper, the Bedfordshire Independent, was established in 1857, but the two titles merged in 1859 to become the Bedford Times and Bedfordshire Independent. The title became the Bedfordshire Times and Independent in 1872, The Bedfordshire Times and Bedfordshire Standard in 1939, and simply the Bedfordshire Times in 1965. The newspaper had an unbroken weekly production record throughout this period, apart from one week in 1959 due to a printing industry strike. In 1995, the Times merged with another local paper, the Bedford Citizen, to become the Times & Citizen. Two years later in 1997 The paper was bought by Johnston Press.

The paper today
The Times & Citizen carries a range of news from across Bedford Borough and the 'mid-beds' region of Central Bedfordshire. It carries sports at the back of the paper, monthly columns from area MPs, the town's mayor and Bedford BID and entertainment.

The Times & Citizen is now the only editorially based print publication in Bedford Borough, following the closure of the Bedfordshire on Sunday in 2017, but the Bedford Independent, an online publication also serves this area.

It does, however, share and dominate the wider Central Bedfordshire and Luton areas with sister papers Biggleswade Today and Luton Today.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, its editorial team have been working remotely. The paper is now owned by NationalWorld Plc>.

Circulation has also fallen in recent years. Media analysis company JICREG shows circulation of the Times & Citizen in 2013 at 81,734. By December 2021 media analysis by ABC, with data provided by their publisher NationalWorld, showed this had fallen to 31,181

All of the articles that appear in the print edition can also be read online at its website which also has occasional web features and videos uploaded.

References

External links
 Times & Citizen website

Newspapers published in Bedfordshire
Bedford
Newspapers established in 1995
1995 establishments in England
Newspapers published by Johnston Press


The Black Pirates is a 1954 Ansco Color adventure film made by Salvador Films Corp. about a band of pirates scouring a small Central American town for a buried treasure. It was directed by Allen H. Miner and produced from a screenplay by Fred Freiberger and Al C. Ward based on the story by Johnston McCulley.

The film stars Anthony Dexter and Martha Roth with Robert Clarke, Toni Gerry and Lon Chaney Jr.

The tagline of the movie was "Wild Raiders of the Tropic Seas!". It was filmed on location in Panchimalco, El Salvador. Filming started in mid-June 1954 and the movie was released in December and distributed in Latin America under the title El Pirata Negro.

The Black Pirates was the first film that Cinema Research Corporation was hired to do the special effects for.

Plot
Pirates arrive in a small town in Central America.  When they find a church in the spot they were expecting treasure, they enslave the townspeople to dig for that treasure.  But the pirates find there's more to be had than what they expected.

Cast
 Anthony Dexter as Capt. Zargo
 Martha Roth as Juanita
 Lon Chaney Jr. as Padre Felipe (as Lon Chaney)
 Robert Clarke as Manuel Azaga
 Víctor Manuel Mendoza as Castro
 Toni Gerry as Carlotta Luisa Maria Viego
 Alfonso Bedoya as Garza
 Jorge Treviño as (as George Trevino)
also starring
 Francisco Reiguera
 Eddie Dutko
 Clai Simmons
 Laura Roth
 Jerry St. John

References

External links

Pirate films
1954 films
1954 adventure films
Lippert Pictures films
American adventure films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


Chilton Trinity is a village and civil parish on the River Parrett,  north of Bridgwater in Somerset, England.

History

Iron Age and Roman pottery have been found at Chilton village. The name Chilton implies a settlement for younger sons.

At one time Chilton Trinity was part of the hundred of Andersfield, but in another era it was part of the hundred of Cannington.

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Sedgemoor, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Bridgwater Rural District.

It is also part of the Bridgwater and West Somerset county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Education

The village is home to Chilton Trinity School a specialist technology college for pupils aged 11–16.

Religious sites

The Church of the Holy Trinity was established in the 13th century, but the current building dates from the 15th century with 19th-century renovation and has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.

References

External links

 Chilton Trinity: Manors and other estates from British History Online

Villages in Sedgemoor
Somerset Levels
Civil parishes in Somerset


Galloping Galaxies! is a British children's television comedy series set on a spaceship that was shown on the BBC from 1 October 1985 to 18 December 1986, comprising two series, of ten episodes in total. It was created and written by Bob Block, the creator of Rentaghost. Jeremy Swan who directed Rentaghost, produced and directed the series. It featured Kenneth Williams in one of his final roles as the voice of the ship's bog-eyed computer, SID.
A novelisation of the first series was released by Target Books in 1987, and the second series was announced to follow in book form, but never materialised. No commercial release of the show has ever appeared.

Synopsis
The stories are set in the 25th century, and follow the adventures of the Spaceship Voyager, the computer SID, Captain Pettifer (Robert Swales) and his crew.

Cover blurb of novel: "GALLOPING GALAXIES! is the funniest thing this side of the moons of Saturn and will boldly make you laugh where you have never laughed before!"

External links

References

1985 British television series debuts
1986 British television series endings
BBC children's television shows
British children's comedy television series
1980s British children's television series
British children's science fiction television series
1980s British comic science fiction television series
1980s British comedy television series
British television shows featuring puppetry
Space adventure television series
Television series set in the 25th century


The Union Pacific is the largest rail system in the United States. The rail system is owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, a Class I railroad owned by the Union Pacific Corporation.

Union Pacific may also refer to:

 , a 1934 ballet by Nicolas Nabokov and Léonide Massine, Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo
 Union Pacific (film), a 1939 film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Joel McCrea
 Union Pacific (TV series), a Western television series
 Union Pacific (board game), a board game by Alan R. Moon, third place for the Deutscher Spiele Preis
 Union Pacific (restaurant), an American restaurant based in New York City

See also
 Pacific Union


Peter Pan, his fellow characters, and the setting of Neverland have appeared in many works since the original books and 1904 play by J. M. Barrie. The earliest were the stage productions of the play, and an adaptation to silent film, done with Barrie's involvement and personal approval. Later works were authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, to which Barrie gave the rights to the Peter Pan works; these include adaptations of the main story in both animated and live-action films, musical stage productions, and a sequel novel. In addition, there have been numerous uses of Barrie's characters, settings, and storylines which challenged or took advantage of the changing copyright status of these elements, including reinterpretations, sequels, prequels, and spin-offs in a variety of media, including film, television series, and books.

Adaptations of Peter Pan for public performance have a unique status in UK copyright law: Great Ormond Street Hospital has the right to receive royalties in perpetuity under specific provisions in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

When dramatised, the character of Peter has usually been played by an adult woman. For boys' roles to be played by women is a convention of the pantomime tradition that was popular when the play was first produced, and was necessitated by laws restricting the use of child actors for evening performances. Later adaptations have often followed this example, for reasons that include tradition, the performance demands of the role, and the marketing advantages of "star" actresses. The roles of Captain Hook and George Darling happened to be played by the same actor in the original production, a tradition which has sometimes been continued in later dramatic adaptations.

Books and publications

Original works
 1904 – Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (play): Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland, where he has a showdown with his nemesis, Captain Hook. After the play was first staged in 1904, Barrie continued to make changes until the script was published officially in 1928. This play was later adapted as a novel by Barrie
 1906 – Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens: an origin story where the infant Peter flies away from his home, takes up residence in Kensington Gardens and makes friends with the fairies. The story first appeared as a chapter in Barrie's The Little White Bird published in 1902
 1908 – When Wendy Grew Up – An Afterthought, a short sequel play first staged in 1908, but only published in book form in 1957
 1911 – Peter and Wendy (novel), later published as Peter Pan and Wendy, adapted as a novel from the play, it also incorporates events from When Wendy Grew Up – An Afterthought
 1928 - Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, the first publication of the script of the play

Literary – Fiction
The Peter Pan Picture Book (sometimes entitled The Story of Peter Pan), retold by Daniel O'Connor, illustrated by Alice B. Woodward (1907), based on the original stage production of 1904. The text was also published as Peter Pan Keepsake but illustrated with photographs from the first productions. It is the first novelisation of the play and also the first illustrated version of the story. This version differs from Barrie's own 1911 novelisation because he had made several changes to his play and story since it was first staged in 1904
Peter Pan and Wendy, retold by May Byron (1915), authorized novelisation of the novel, later illustrated by Mabel Lucie Attwell in 1921. It was the first time that this form of the title was used, later reused also for Barrie's own novel
Peter Pan and the Only Children by Gilbert Adair (1987), an unauthorised sequel/prequel novel. This book is written and presented in a format similar to Peter and Wendy, with bound-in colour illustrations by Jenny Thorne. It has Peter living with a different gang of Lost Boys under the ocean, recruiting "only children" who jump from passing ships as new members, including the newest: 10-year-old Marissa Porter. They have adventures under the sea, including a duel with Captain Hook which ends indecisively. The narrator suggests at the end that perhaps this is a prequel to the adventure with Wendy Darling, or they take place without sequence. Adair's previous novel was Alice through the Needle's Eye, a sequel to the Alice in Wonderland stories
Neverland by Toby Forward (1989), where Peter Pan, Captain Hook etc. are brought back to life through a computer game. Published by Simon & Schuster when Peter Pan first entered the public domain in the UK, before the copyright was revived in 1995
Hook by Terry Brooks (1991), a novelization of the Spielberg film
After the Rain: A New Adventure for Peter Pan by J. E. Somma (1999), an unauthorised sequel novel. Set in modern times, telling of Peter's reaction to a world that has grown to neglect him, and his rescue by three children who teach him that it's OK to grow up. It was published without incident in Canada, where the copyright to Peter Pan was generally agreed to have expired, but Somma and GOSH were in legal dispute when it was published in the U.S. in 2002, where GOSH claimed their copyrights were still valid. They eventually settled out of court
Wendy by Karen Wallace (2003), an unauthorised prequel novel for young adults. An attempt to explain the Darling children's willingness to fly away with Peter on the grounds that their home life, up until shortly before Peter appeared, had been filled with abuse and tragedy: a cruel nanny, a criminally irresponsible father, and a suggestion of insanity in the family
Jardines de Kensington (translated as "Kensington Gardens") by Rodrigo Fresán (2003), interweaves the story of Peter Pan, his creator JM Barrie, and various aspects of 1960s London pop culture. The narrator is called "Peter Hook"
The Lost Girls: A Novel by Laurie Fox (2004), an unauthorised sequel novel. Follows the interaction of Peter Pan with each generation of Wendy Darling's female descendants, up to a distinctly 21st-century great-great-granddaughter. Published by Simon & Schuster
The "Starcatchers" books by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson, an unauthorized series reboot, published by Hyperion Books (a subsidiary of Disney) in the US and by Walker Books in the UK
Peter and the Starcatchers (2004). Set on a ship called Never Land featuring Peter and an earlier group of Lost Boys. In 2005, the publisher announced plans by Disney to adapt the book as a digitally animated movie. "Peter and the Starcatchers" was adapted to a play similarly titled "Peter and the Starcatcher" winning several Tony awards
Peter and the Shadow Thieves (2006)
Peter and the Secret of Rundoon (2007)
Peter and the Sword of Mercy (2009)
Twenty-three years since Peter and the Lost Boys returned from Rundoon.
The Bridge to Never Land (2011). Sarah and Aidan are drawn from the modern world as they follow clues left by an ancient coded document
The "Never Land Books" by Dave Barry, Ridley Pearson, Greg Call (ill.), a series of unauthorised spin-off chapter books. Based on the continuity established by the "Starcatchers" novels, for a younger audience
Escape from the Carnivale (2006)
Cave of the Dark Wind (2007)
Blood Tide (2008)
Capt. Hook: The Adventures of a Notorious Youth by James V. Hart (co-writer of the movie Hook), Brett Helquist (ill.) (2005), an authorised (non-canon) prequel illustrated novel, published by HarperCollins in the US. Details the history of 15-year-old James Matthew, young Oppidan Scholar and future Captain Hook. The book portrays the villainous youth in a sympathetic light
The Disney Fairies books by Gail Carson Levine, David Christiana (ill.), a series of spin-off illustrated novels for children. Part of the Disney Fairies franchise, published by Disney Press in the US and HarperCollins in the UK. Introduces a new cast of "Never Fairies", in addition to Tinker Bell. Peter Pan and Captain Hook are mentioned but play very minor roles. Additional chapter books in the series are intended for younger readers, and were written by various authors, focusing on the different characters invented by Levine
Fairy Dust and the Quest for the Egg (2005)
Fairy Haven and the Quest for the Wand (2007)
Peter Pan in Scarlet by Geraldine McCaughrean (2006), the official sequel novel, commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital following a competition launched in 2004. It has been sold in 40 different editions in 37 languages. The book is published by Oxford University Press in the UK and Margaret K McElderry (Simon & Schuster) in the US
Tigerheart by Peter David (2008), a novel retelling the Peter Pan stories from another character's perspective, referring to him as "the boy" throughout the novel, and referencing both Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and Peter and Wendy, with changes to many of the original characters
The Child Thief by artist Gerald Brom (2009), an illustrated novel reinterpreting Peter Pan based on the darker themes in the story as a ruthless figure recruiting children to serve toward his own ends
Another Pan by Daniel Nayeri and Dina Nayeri (2010), a darker version featuring an 18-year-old Peter Pan searching for the magic bone dust so he will never grow old. Characters also include Wendy, John and their father George Darling
Always Neverland by Zoe Barton (2011). Ashley is to be another in a long series of "Wendy girls" Peter brings to Neverland, but she is more interested in adventuring
Tiger Lily by Jodi Lynn Anderson (2013). The story of fifteen-year-old Tiger Lily who becomes enthralled and entangled in the life of Peter Pan, told from the perspective of Tinker Bell
Alias Hook by Lisa Jensen (2014). Captain Hook is stuck in an endless loop of warring with Peter Pan until a grown woman named Stella Parrish dreams her way into Neverland and begins to change things
Hook's Revenge Series by Heidi Schulz, a humorous adventure series about the 12-year-old daughter of Captain Hook on a quest to avenge her father's death
Hook's Revenge (2014)
The Pirate Code (2015)
Never Never by Brianna R. Shrum (2015), the origin of James Hook and his rivalry with Peter
Lost Boi by Sassafras Lowrey (2015). A novel for adults retelling the story through the lens of homeless queer youth with prominent BDSM themes. Told from the point of view of Tootles, "Pan's best boi"
Everland by Wendy Spinale (2016), steampunk retelling set in an alternate version of the Blitz, where Gwen's sister Joanna is kidnapped by Hook and his Marauders
Unhooked by Lisa Maxwell (2016), Gwendolyn's mother's fears are proven right when shadowy creatures kidnap her and her best friend Olivia to a terrifying place called Neverland. She must choose whom to trust: the charming fairy-tale hero or the roguish young pirate
The Neverland Wars by Audrey Greathouse (2016). The story of sixteen-year-old Gwen who gets caught between the looming war of Neverland and her personal reality
Never Ever Series by Sara Saedi loosely based on Peter Pan. Wylie meets Phinn in a club and he whisks her and her brother off to a magical island where no one ages past seventeen
Never Ever (2016)
The Lost Kids (2018)
Peter Darling by Austin Chant (2017), a romance between an adult Peter Pan (who is a transgender man born as "Wendy") and Captain Hook. Winner of the 2017 Rainbow Award for best cover and best transgender science fiction/fantasy
Lost Boy (2017). Set in the world of Neverland, Lost Boy is about Jamie, one of Peter Pan's Lost Boys, who begins to grow increasingly disenchanted with Peter as he slowly grows up
Straight on Till Morning by Liz Braswell (2020). A tale of sixteen-year-old Wendy Darling that takes place four years after the original story. In order to escape her teenage reality, she gets mixed up in the dealings of Captain Hook, and must partner with Tinkerbell in order to save Peter's life. Part of the Twisted Tale Series from the Disney Book Group
Son of Neverland by Cal Barnes (2021). An epic fantasy sequel that takes place exactly one hundred years after Peter Pan and Hook's final battle in the evolved world of Neverland

Literary – Non-fiction
Fifty Years of Peter Pan by Roger Lancelyn Green is an account of the first 50 years in Peter Pan's stage history
J.M. Barrie and The Lost Boys by Andrew Birkin is an account of the meeting and relationship between Barrie and the Llewelyn Davies family, and how Peter Pan came to be created, based on his docudrama The Lost Boys broadcast in 1978
Dr. Dan Kiley popularised the Peter Pan syndrome in his 1983 book, The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up, about individuals (usually male) with underdeveloped maturity; his next book, The Wendy Dilemma (1984), advises women romantically involved with "Peter Pans" how to improve their relationships
Peter Pan on Stage and Screen, 1904–2010 by Bruce Hanson covers the genesis of Peter Pan and its productions in the UK and US; updated edition of Hanson's work The Peter Pan Chronicles, published in 1993

Comics

Disney produced picture book and comic book adaptations of the story, based on their 1953 animated version, published by Dell Comics and Gold Key
Peter Pank by Spanish cartoonist "Max" (Francesc Capdevila) (1985–1990), an unauthorised comic reinterpretation for "adults only". Peter is a violent, spiked-hair anarchist living in Punkland with a gang of punk Lost Boys. The pirates are a gang of rockers, the Indians are hippies, and the female characters are often depicted bare-breasted, with numerous sexual scenes. It was published in three albums: Peter Pank, El Licantropunk, and Pankdinista
Peter Pan by French cartoonist Régis Loisel (1990–2004), an unauthorised prequel bandes dessinées. A bawdy, violent series of six albums (two of which won the Angoulême Audience Award), giving Peter Pan's back story a distinctly Dickensian flavour
Peter Pan: Return to Never-Never Land by Ron Fortier and Gary Kato (1991), an unauthorised sequel. Peter brings two modern African-American boys to Never-Never Land, published by Malibu Comics under the Adventure Comics imprint, two issues later reprinted in a single volume
The Lost by Marc Andreyko, Galen Showman, and Jay Geldhof (1997), an unauthorised sequel comic book. This urban horror-themed mini-series published by Caliber Comics and Chaos! Comics continues the story in present-day New York City, with Peter revealed as a vampire boy hustler who leads a small group of vampire boys including Michael, and lures another girl named Wendy to join them
Lost Boys (ロストボーイズ) by Kaname Itsuki (2004), an unauthorised manga reinterpretation, in which a character based on Peter Pan brings a young man to Neverland to be his father, with romantic themes
 Japanese manga artist, Mayu Sakai, appropriated the English version of the term, puer aeternus, for her series, Peter Pan Syndrome
Lost Girls by Alan Moore and Melinda Gebbie (July 2006), an unauthorised reinterpretation graphic novel. A controversial use of Wendy Darling alongside Dorothy Gale from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Alice from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in 1913, telling each other stories about their sexual experiences. In it, Peter is a boy that Wendy and her brothers meet in Kensington Gardens, who gives them their first sexual experiences
Peter Panzerfaust by Kurtis J. Wiebe (2012 - 2016), a retelling of the story of Peter Pan, set in France during World War II. Peter, an American boy looking for his past in France at the outbreak of the Second World War, recruiting several orphans (The Lost Boys), saving the Darling children and coming across SS-Hauptmann/Kapitan Haken
Marvel Fairy Tales by C. B. Cebulski features various Marvel Comics characters as characters from fairy tales and fables. In issue #1 of the third miniseries of the line, Peter Pan is played by Captain America, with Scarlet Witch as Wendy, The Wasp as Tinker Bell, and Klaw as Captain Hook
Peter Pan – The Graphic Novel by Stephen White (2015), a retelling of the original work in graphic novel form
Pan Peter by Jang Maro, a Tapas-exclusive manhwa that retells the character as a mysterious, magic boy who avenges the weak by torturing and killing the aggressors
Cheshire Crossing written by Andy Weir, a comic which takes characters and locations from Peter Pan as well as from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Radio

Peter Pan, book, music, and lyrics by Philip Glassborow (1995), an authorised musical radio adaptation. Directed by Dirk Maggs for the BBC, this production was nominated for a Writer's Guild of Great Britain award

Stage

Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (1904). Although Barrie did not intend the play as a pantomime, it has many features in common with this traditional genre of British children's theatre: a boy – played by a woman – as the lead role (known as the "principal boy"), actors in animal costumes, a flamboyant villain, and fantasy themes
Peter Pan (1950), music and lyrics by Leonard Bernstein, an authorised Broadway adaptation. Intended as a musical, it was eventually staged as a "straight" dramatic version with only five songs. This version starred Jean Arthur as Peter Pan, and Boris Karloff in the dual roles of Mr. Darling and Captain Hook
Peter Pan (1954), directed by Jerome Robbins, an authorised musical stage adaptation with music by Mark "Moose" Charlap and lyrics by Carolyn Leigh. Taking the opposite path of the 1950 adaptation, it was originally to have only a few incidental songs, but evolved into a full Broadway musical with some new songs from composer Jule Styne and lyricists Betty Comden and Adolph Green. This version became widely known as a vehicle for Mary Martin, who appeared in three television productions of this version and won a Best Musical Actress Tony Award for her performance as well as an Emmy when it was aired on television. Cyril Ritchard won a Tony as Captain Hook in the Broadway production opposite Martin and reprised the role in the first television production opposite her, and it is the role for which he has remained best known. Revivals featured television actress Sandy Duncan and gymnast Cathy Rigby as Peter.  A 2014 TV version was broadcast by NBC as Peter Pan Live!
Neverland (1975), book, music, and lyrics by Jim Steinman, a futuristic musical stage adaptation. Although it only existed as a brief workshop at the Kennedy Center in 1977, three of the songs would be reworked for the album Bat Out of Hell, one of the best-selling recordings in history
Peter Pan (1982), an adaptation by John Caird and Trevor Nunn, first staged on 10 December 1982 at the Barbican Theatre, London
Peter Pan: The British Musical (1985), book, music and lyrics by Piers Chater Robinson, an authorised musical stage adaptation
Peter Pan (1996), book, music, and lyrics by Philip Glassborow, an authorised musical stage adaptation based on Glassborow's radio musical
Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure (1996), lyrics by Anthony Drewe and music by George Stiles, an authorised musical stage adaptation, first staged in Copenhagen. Performed and recorded at the Royal Albert Hall, and broadcast on New Year's Eve 2001 by the BBC
Peter and Wendy (1997) adaptation and lyrics by Liza Lorwin and music by Scottish fiddler, Johnny Cunningham (of Silly Wizard fame). This is a stage production using Bunraku-style puppets performed by avant-garde theatre troupe, Mabou Mines, and actress Karen Kandel, who won an OBIE for her performance. Mabou Mimes recently revived the original production at the Edinburgh Festival (2009) and in New York at the New Victory Theater (2011)
The Terrible Tragedy of Peter Pan (2002) by Phillip C. Klapperich, an ensemble member of The House Theatre of Chicago. This production brings to the fore the darker subtexts of the story, such as the dysfunction of Peter's relationships with Wendy, Tinker Bell, and Tiger Lily, his fear of growing up, and his self-absorption, as he fails to notice those around him being hurt or killed
Peter Pan (2004) by the Chickenshed Theatre Company was a musical stage version of Peter Pan, and was performed to mark the 100th Anniversary of the play. This is also the only performance to date with sign language fully integrated
Peter Pan (2009), originally titled "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens" a large scale production for which a specially built theatre pavilion with 360 degree surround video was created; script by Tanya Ronder, music by Benjamin Wallfisch, first staged at Kensington Gardens in Summer 2009. The production opened in the US in May 2010 and has since toured in San Francisco, Orange County, Atlanta, Chicago and Boston
Peter Pan (A Play) (2009), adapted by Amanda Dehnert, first staged at Northwestern University, later mounted professionally at Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company in 2010
Peter Pan (2009), music by Dan Chambers and lyrics by Dan Chambers and Polly Gibson, book by Polly Gibson, an authorised musical stage adaptation, first staged by the Sinodun Players at the Corn Exchange, Wallingford in July 2009
Peter Pan (2010), stage adaptation by David Greig, first staged by the National Theatre of Scotland at the King's Theatre, Glasgow in April 2010. The action is transposed from Edwardian London to Victorian Edinburgh, and set against a background of construction of the Forth Rail Bridge
Peter Pan (2010), ballet with score by Philip Norman and choreography by Russell Kerr, first staged by the Royal New Zealand Ballet in 2010.
Peter Pan, the Boy who Hated Mothers (2010), adapted by Andrew Birkin from J.M. Barrie's original various drafts of the play, novel and screenplay, first staged at the Theatre du Gymnase in Marseille in February 2010 (translated into French by Céline-Albin Faivre), broadcast on Arte TV Channel Christmas 2010
Peter Pan (2012), stage adaptation directed by Sally Cookson and devised by the companies, originally produced by Bristol Old Vic for Christmas 2012 before being produced by the National Theatre, London (in a co-production with Bristol Old Vic) for Christmas 2016 and the Troubadour White City Theatre for summer 2019
Disney's Peter Pan Jr is a one-hour children's musical based on the Disney Peter Pan movie with some updated material. It became available for school and children's theatre productions in 2013 after several pilot productions
Wendy and Peter Pan (2013), a new adaptation by Ella Hickson at the Royal Shakespeare Company in England, placing Wendy as the protagonist
 Peter Pan Goes Wrong (2013), is a comedy by Henry Lewis, Jonathan Sayer, and Henry Shields of the Mischief Theatre Company in which the characters and members of the fictitious Cornley Polytechnic Drama Society attempt to present their production of Peter Pan
 Fly (2013), a darker take on Peter Pan with a focus on leaving childhood behind and the importance of growing up, by Jeffrey Seller debuted through the Dallas Theater Center. The book is by Rajiv Joseph, who worked on the lyrics with Kirsten Childs, and the music is by Bill Sherman
 Peter Pan Opera (2014), by composer Richard Ayres and librettist Lavinia Greenlaw, first staged in Stuttgart in 2014 and performed in the UK in 2015 by the Welsh National Opera
 Peter Pan (2015), an adaptation presented at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. Co-directed by Timothy Sheader and Liam Steel, the production was set in World War I. The production earned an Olivier Award nomination and returned to the Open Air Theatre for its 2018 Season
 For Peter Pan On Her 70th Birthday (2017), an adaptation by Sarah Ruhl, in which the title character and her siblings, all elderly retirees, become the characters of the original play. Beginning 18 August 2017 in New York City, it ran at Playrights Horizons
 Peter Pan and Wendy (2019), a feminist version of the story with Wendy in an equal role. It was commissioned from Lauren Gunderson by the Shakespeare Theatre Company of Washington, D.C. Critics described it as "all about girl power."
Peter Pan: reimagined (2019), an adaptation conceived and directed by Liam Steel, adapted by Georgia Christou and Liam Steel for the Birmingham Repertory Theatre which changes Edwardian London to present-day Birmingham

Film

Live-action
 Peter Pan by Paramount Pictures (1924), an authorised silent movie adaptation. It starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy Darling, and Virginia Brown Faire as Tinker Bell. Barrie was involved in this production and wrote a screenplay for it, but Paramount instead used the original stage script, taking dialogue from it for the intertitles
 Peter Pan (Питер Пэн) (1987), an unauthorised live-action musical adaptation by Belarusfilm for Soviet television
 Hook by Steven Spielberg (1991), an authorised live-action sequel. A family action/adventure film starring Robin Williams, Dustin Hoffman, Julia Roberts, Bob Hoskins and Maggie Smith. The film has a grown-up "Peter Banning" who has forgotten his childhood, lured back to Neverland by Captain Hook, who has kidnapped Peter's two young children in an attempt to once again find meaning in his life. Despite mixed reviews by critics, the film was popular with audiences and grossed nearly $120 million in the U.S., making it the 4th highest-grossing movie of 1991
 Peter Pan directed by P. J. Hogan (2003), an authorised live-action movie adaptation. This version is notable for its directness in addressing the romantic elements between Peter (Jeremy Sumpter) and Wendy (Rachel Hurd-Wood). Captain Hook was portrayed by Jason Isaacs (who also plays the role of Mr Darling), and Tinker Bell was played by Ludivine Sagnier. The $100 million film boasted state-of-the-art special effects by ILM and took nearly a year to produce in Australia, but was not a financial success for Universal Studios (USA/France/English countries) and Columbia Pictures
 Neverland by writer/director Damion Dietz (2003), an unauthorised film reinterpretation. Set in early 21st-century Los Angeles and heavily "updated" for this setting, Dietz's independently produced film—featuring Wil Wheaton as John Darling—maintains much of the characterisation, plot and themes of Barrie's original story
 Pan (2015), an origin story directed by Joe Wright starring Levi Miller as Pan, Garrett Hedlund as Hook, Hugh Jackman as Blackbeard, Rooney Mara as Tiger Lily, Adeel Akhtar as Smee and Amanda Seyfried as Mary
 Wendy (2020), a live-action re-imagining from Wendy's perspective, directed by Benh Zeitlin
 Come Away (2020), a film that portrays Peter Pan as the brother of Alice from Lewis Carroll's story of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The cast includes Jordan Nash as Peter, as well as Angelina Jolie, David Oyelowo, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw
 Peter Pan & Wendy (2023), a live-action adaptation of the 1953 Disney movie directed by David Lowery and written by him and Toby Halbrooks;  starring Alexander Molony and Ever Anderson as the title characters Peter Pan and Wendy Darling, Jude Law as Captain Hook, Yara Shahidi as Tinker Bell and Alyssa Wapanatahk as Tiger Lily
 Peter Pan's Neverland Nightmare (2024), a horror re-imagining of the story that will be directed by Rhys Frake-Waterfield, who helmed Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey

Animation
 Walt Disney's Peter Pan (released on 5 February 1953), an authorised animated adaptation. Disney licensed the film rights to the story in 1939 from Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. It featured music by Sammy Cahn, Frank Churchill, Sammy Fain, and Ted Sears. 15-year-old film actor Bobby Driscoll supplied the voice of Peter, while Wendy was portrayed by Kathryn Beaumont, who previously portrayed Alice in Alice in Wonderland. Hook was portrayed by Hans Conried (who also played Mr. Darling), and Margaret Kerry did live-action references for Tinker Bell. This version contained little of the original dialogue from the play or its novelisation
 Peter Pan (1988), an unauthorised Australian direct-to-video animated adaptation
 Return to Never Land from Disney (February 2002), an authorised animated sequel to the 1953 Disney film. Wendy's daughter Jane becomes involved with Peter Pan. The movie takes place during World War II, set amidst the Blitz (1940), and deals with the issue of children being forced to grow up too fast
 In Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, Will Arnett voiced a version of Peter Pan called Sweet Pete, who became a crime boss after being fired by Disney due to his age he goes and chases Chip And Dale for discovering his plans and he serves as the main antagonist of this movie.

Television

Live-action
Producers' Showcase: Peter Pan (7 March 1955). The 1954 stage version was re-staged for television by NBC as part of its monthly high-quality anthology series Producers' Showcase and broadcast as a historic, live color television event. The production was so well received that Producers' Showcase produced a second live presentation on 9 January 1956, with the same cast. Mary Martin played TV's Peter Pan for the third time on 8 December 1960 with many of the same cast members, and this version of the 1954 musical was recorded on color videotape, and repeated in 1963, 1966, and 1973. It was presented by NBC as a stand-alone special program rather than as part of Producer's Showcase. After 1973, it was presumed lost and not broadcast again until March 1989, after which it eventually appeared a few times on the Disney Channel. It was also released on videocassette and briefly on DVD. In 2000, the Cathy Rigby stage production, featuring almost all of the songs used in the 1954 version, was telecast by the A&E Network and issued on DVD
Hallmark Hall of Fame: Peter Pan (12 December 1976). A new TV musical production was broadcast on NBC. It starred Mia Farrow as Peter and Danny Kaye as Captain Hook. It had a new score, with music and lyrics by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse, but did not achieve the success or the popularity that the Mary Martin version had. The screenplay was by Andrew Birkin, who went on to write and direct The Lost Boys, a docudrama for the BBC about Barrie and the Llewelyn Davies boys
Neverland on Syfy Channel and Sky Movies (December 2011), a two-part miniseries that re-imagines the origins of Peter Pan prior to his adventures with Wendy. Here, he (and his friends who would become the Lost Boys) is depicted as being an orphaned pickpocket who was taken in by expert thief and former arms dealer James "Jimmy" Hook as an infant. Directed by Nick Willing, the cast includes Charlie Rowe as Peter Pan, Rhys Ifans as James Hook, Anna Friel as Captain Elizabeth Bonny, Bob Hoskins as Smee, and Keira Knightley as the voice of Tinker Bell
The New Adventures of Peter and Wendy (2013 – present), webseries that features Wendy as the main character through a series of vlogs and other media
Peter Pan Live! is a new production of the 1954 version broadcast live on NBC on 4 December 2014 starring Allison Williams as Peter, Christopher Walken as Captain Hook, Kelli O'Hara as Mrs. Darling, Christian Borle as Mr. Darling/Mr. Smee and Minnie Driver as the adult Wendy. Critical reaction was mixed, with many critics expressing relief that the broadcast was not a disaster
Peter and Wendy (2015), a two-hour drama based on J M Barrie's novel first aired on ITV on 26 December 2015, produced by Headline Pictures, with Stanley Tucci as Captain Hook, Paloma Faith as Tinker Bell, Laura Fraser as Mrs Darling, Hazel Doupe as Wendy and Zac Sutcliffe as Peter
Peter Pan Goes Wrong (2016), a one-hour television adaptation of Mischief Theatre's play of the same name in which the fictitious Cornley Polytechnic Drama Society attempt to stage a production of Peter Pan, starring the original cast and guest appearance from David Suchet as the narrator
Once Upon a Time is an ABC television series that involves characters from familiar works of fiction, including Peter Pan. Colin O'Donoghue was a series regular in the role of Hook, who originated as Killian Jones. Freya Tingley first played Wendy in the 21st episode of the second season and continued playing the role in a few episodes towards the end of Season 3A. Robbie Kay played the main villain role during Season 3A as Peter Pan, portrayed in the series as the father of Rumpelstiltskin, and reprised his role in a couple episodes during Season 5B and the second-to-last episode of the overall show. Rose McIver played Tinker Bell during the majority of Season 3A, then one episode during Season 3B and one during Season 6.

Animation

Peter Pan: The Animated Series (romanised as "Pîtâ Pan no Bôken") by Nippon Animation (1989), an anime television series. Produced as part of Nippon's World Masterpiece Theater series, the first 23 episodes are a loose adaptation of Barrie's story, while the latter half introduces a completely original arc with new supporting characters
Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates on Fox Kids (1990), an animated TV series based on Barrie's novel, presenting the Darling children's other adventures in the Neverland during their stay. The series also focuses on significant development of the pirates as less one-dimensional characters. Voice talents in the cast included Jason Marsden as Peter and Tim Curry as "Captain James T. Hook"; Curry won an Emmy for it
A series of digitally animated direct-to-DVD films starring Tinker Bell was begun by Disney in 2008. These works are part of the company's Disney Fairies franchise, and feature a cast of fairy characters and settings original to Disney.
Tinker Bell (2008)
Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009)
Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010)
Pixie Hollow Games (TV special, 2011)
Secret of the Wings (2012)
The Pirate Fairy (2014)
Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2015)
Jake and the Never Land Pirates (2011–2016), an Annie Award-winning musical interactive animated Disney Junior show based on the successful Disney franchise, Peter Pan. The series focuses on a band of young pirates consisting of Jake, Izzy, Cubby, and their parrot Skully, who continuously spend their days competing against Captain Hook and Mr. Smee for treasure.
The New Adventures of Peter Pan (2012–2016) is a series of CGI animation French-German-Indian produced by the DQ Entertainment and Method Animation.

Video games
 Peter Pan, a 1984 video game published by Hodder & Stoughton
Peter Pan and the Pirates, a 1991 side-scrolling game for the Nintendo Entertainment System, based on the TV series
Hook, a set of four 1992 games based on the film. One was an arcade fight game, two were side-scrolling games for Nintendo and Sega consoles, and the fourth was an adventure game for home computers
Peter Pan: Return to Neverland, two 2002 games based on Disney's film, one for the Game Boy Advance, the other for PlayStation
Kingdom Hearts, a franchise between Square-Enix and Disney on various game systems that features Neverland as a playable world inhabited with various characters from the Peter Pan books and films including Peter Pan, Wendy, Tinker Bell, Captain Hook, and Mr. Smee
Disney has released two video games as part of the Disney Fairies franchise, for the Nintendo DS, each a tie-in with a direct-to-DVD feature film of the same name:
Tinker Bell (2008)
Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009)
Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010)
Disney Infinity 2.0, Tinker Bell is a playable character in the game's Toy Box mode. She has been given powers to fly, and use her fairy dust to defeat enemies

Biographical dramas

The Lost Boys, a 1978 docudrama produced by the BBC, written by Andrew Birkin, starring Ian Holm, tells about the relationship between Barrie and the Llewelyn Davies boys and the development of Peter Pan
Finding Neverland, a 2004 film starring Johnny Depp as Barrie and Kate Winslet as Sylvia Llewelyn Davies is a fictionalised account of their relationship and how it led to the creation of Peter Pan. It was based on the 1998 play The Man Who Was Peter Pan by Allan Knee. In 2015, it was adapted into a musical on Broadway, playing at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre

References in other works

 In 1980, Petula Clark starred in Never, Never Land as a woman whose niece, captivated by Barrie's tale, runs away and takes refuge with a group of "lost boys" squatting in a deserted London townhouse
In the 1986 Spanish film El río de oro (The Golden River) by Jaime Chávarri, the central character is a man named Peter whose wife Dubarry played the role of Tinker Bell in a theater play some years ago. They had a son, but Peter killed the baby when he was only 3 months old because he thought the boy was growing up too fast
 The plot of the 1990 novel An Awfully Big Adventure by Beryl Bainbridge (made into a film in 1995) revolves around a production of the play
 The 2002 novel The League of Heroes by Xavier Mauméjean is set in an alternate universe in which Neverland has materialized in Kensington Gardens. The fairy folk are commonplace in London, as are pirates and Indians. Peter Pan is considered one of several enemies of the repressive government and is pursued by the League whose members include Lord Admiral Hook (Captain Hook), Sherlock Holmes, and Lord Greystoke (Tarzan)
 In a season 2 episode of the Disney Channel sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place called "Fairy Tale", Justin Russo directs a school play of Peter Pan, with Zeke Beakerman cast as Peter Pan and Harper Finkle cast as Tinker Bell (she's later replaced by Alex Russo after falling off the stage)
 Singer/songwriter S. J. Tucker has released three songs called The Wendy Trilogy, chronicling how Wendy joined Captain Hook's crew, dueled him for command, gained great fame in Neverland and beyond, and eventually returned home, passing her legacy on
 The song "Fly" by Blind Guardian is about Peter Pan
 In the seventh episode on season 10 of Grey's Anatomy, Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) dresses as Tinker Bell for Halloween and shows up at her boyfriend Alex Karev's (Justin Chambers) house, after a fight they had resulting from his estranged father's appearance, showing her loyalty to the boy who didn't grow up
The song "Lost Boy" by Ruth B is about Neverland
 The cartoon series World of Winx features Peter Pan and Neverland characters Smee, Jim (Captain Hook), Crocodile Man (Crocodile), Queen (Tinker Bell), Wendy Darling. Peter Pan has a son named Matt Barrie
The film Viy 2: Journey to China features a character named James Hook (played by Arnold Schwarzenegger) whose outfit and personality appear to be inspired by Hook
 In the film Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (2022), Will Arnett plays Sweet Pete, a middle-aged version of Peter Pan who became a crime boss

References

Peter Pan


Anubias barteri is a West African species of Anubias, first described in 1860 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. It occurs in south-eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and on Bioko.

Description
The form of the leaf varies widely between varieties; in A. barteri var. barteri (known as the "broadleaf Anubias"), the leaves are leathery, and may grow to . The rhizome remains above the substrate, tethered to litter like rocks and wood.

Cultivation
This plant grows well partially and fully submersed. In strong light, the leaves grow more quickly and remain more compact, but it tolerates a range of lighting. It prefers a temperature range of . It can be propagated by dividing the rhizome or by separating side shoots. If buried beneath a substrate, the rhizome may rot.

Varieties
The species has the following varieties:
Anubias barteri var. angustifolia
Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia
Anubias barteri var. glabra
Anubias barteri var. nana

References

barteri
Aquatic plants
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
Plants described in 1860