Montignac-Charente () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

Sights and monuments
 Château de Montignac - keep and remains of an 11th-13th century castle, listed since 1962 as a monument historique by the Ministry of Culture.
 The bronze bell in the parish church of Notre-Dame weighs 200 kg and dates from 1666 and has been classified by the French Ministry of Culture as a monument historique since 1944. It is engraved:
SANCTA+MARIA+ORA+PRO+NOBIS+ME+FRANÇOIS CAZIER+PRETRE+CURE+DE L'EGLISE+DE+NOSTRE+DAME+DE+MONTIGNAC+CHARANTE+PARRIN+TRES+HAUT+TRES PUISSANT+ET+TRES ILLUSTRE+MESSIRE CHARLES+DUC DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD+PAIR+DE+FRANCE+MARRINE+TRES HAUTE+ET+TRES PUISSANTE DAME AGNES+DUPLESSIS+DE+LEANCOURT+PRINCESSE+DE+MARSILLAC FABRICEURS+MES+CHARLES+THINON+ET PIERRE+PAPPOTP.CHARPENTIER M'A FONDU EN 1666.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Montignac-le-Coq (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


The Allerton Hotel for Women, today known as Hotel 57, is a hotel located at 130 East 57th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is a seventeen-story brick, limestone, and terra cotta building designed by Arthur Loomis Harmon in 1920. It was built on the southwest corner of Lexington Avenue and 57th Street by the Allerton House Company at a cost of $700,000. It originally had stores on its ground floor. The hotel intended to accommodate six hundred business and professional women and also shelter young girls. When completed in 1923, the Allerton Hotel had room for four hundred tenants. Its occupancy was filled prior to completion and there was a long waiting list. After opening it was so popular that another establishment of its kind was anticipated.

Ownership

James Stewart Cushman was a founder and former owner of the Allerton chain of reasonably priced club hotels for white collar men and women which started in 1916. The group of financiers who joined Allerton included George W. Perkins and Arthur Curtiss James. The chain was named for Mary Allerton, a Mayflower ancestor of Cushman.

Cushman was injured critically in a car wreck in September 1934, when he collided with a truck on the Berlin Turnpike in Newington, Connecticut. He was taken to Hartford Hospital and found to have fractured his skull. Cushman was chosen by the Presbyterian Board Of Christian Education as chairman  of a special gifts committee of the New York division of the Sesquicentennial Fund for Christian Education, in January 1939. Cushman resided at 815 Fifth Avenue (Manhattan). He died at eighty years of age in March 1952.

Expansion

The Allerton Hotel in Chicago, Illinois, which opened in 1924, was owned and operated by the Allerton Company of New York. They managed a hotel chain that grew to eight hotels. This included
establishments in Detroit, Michigan and Cleveland, Ohio.  The owners of the Allerton Hotel purchased the property formerly occupied by the De La Salle Institute in December 1923. The land was located at 106 West 59th Street through to 58th Street. Its dimensions were 53.6 by 200 feet. They also bought the adjoining Kinlock Apartments at the northwest corner of Sixth Avenue and 58th Street, 71 by 100 feet. They acquired the Temple Rodeph Sholom site at the corner of Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street from Simon Brothers and Hartstein Brothers in October 1926. At the time William H. Silk was secretary of the Allerton Hotel interests. The plot measured 112 feet on Lexington Avenue and 120 feet on 63rd Street.

The owners built a new hotel at Lexington Avenue and 63rd Street. The fourth store to lease space in the new edifice was Sheldon Cleaners and Dyers in March 1927. The lease for a term of years was negotiated by Gaines, Van Nostrand & Morrison, Inc.

In September 1942, the Allerton Hotels leased the eight story Club Hotel at 317 West 45th Street from Vincent Astor. The building contained one hundred sixty-five sleeping rooms, reception room, lounge, library, and dining room. The Club Hotel enabled the hotel chain to provide low cost accommodations in the Midtown Manhattan section of the West Side. Broker Abraham Steers negotiated the lease.

There were six Allerton Hotels in New York City. The Allerton Hotel became part of a new chain of hotels that included six cities in October 1958. The  new Mansion Hotels chain also included the Henry Hudson Hotel and Midston House in New York City. The Detroit-Leland Hotel and the Allerton Hotel and Belmont Hotel in Chicago, were the others in the group. They had a total of 4,600 rooms.

The hotel was renamed Renaissance New York Hotel 57 in 2009.

Hotel addenda

The Cox Sandwich & Waffle Shoppe Inc. was one of the many businesses operating in the hotel Circa 1930s. The proprietor, William Lea Cox, was born in Louisiana on July 3, 1891. He moved to New York after 1910. He married Caroline “Carrie” Unkel in 1913.  He died June 21, 1939.

Helen Whiley, a music teacher and graduate of Vassar College, tried to jump off the roof of the Allerton Hotel in May 1929. She was prevented by the quick effort of a policeman. Whiley, 26, lived at the Allerton before moving to an apartment house at 238 West 11th Street. Friends said she had been ill with influenza. She was seen by friends as she climbed to the Allerton clubroom on the penthouse floor of the roof. She talked with several of them before she walked through to the roof. No one saw her when she climbed the narrow parapet which encircled the roof. After being rescued she was sent to Bellevue Hospital Center for observation.

The Women's University Club made the Allerton Hotel its headquarters beginning in May 1956. Their former headquarters was the New York Biltmore Hotel.

The Allerton Hotel at 302 West 22nd Street, New York City,  was described as a welfare hotel in a 1990 article. A crying newborn baby was found in a garbage can there by a porter. The baby girl was taken to St. Vincent's Hospital and was reported to be in stable condition. Police thought  the infant belonged to one of eighteen pregnant women then residing at the hotel. The facility is now an upscale The GEM Hotel.

Contrary to popular belief in Chicago, the Chicago hotel was never built nor owned by Robert Allerton, son of Samuel Allerton. Mr. Cushman asked Robert Allerton if he minded having the hotel named "Allerton" rather than "Cushman." Mr. Allerton had no problem with it.

References

External links
 official website

Cultural history of New York City
Hotels in Manhattan
1923 establishments in New York City
Hotels established in 1923
Hotel buildings completed in 1923
Midtown Manhattan
Lexington Avenue
57th Street (Manhattan)
Buildings for women
History of women in New York City


Montigné () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Auge.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Montjean () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Montmoreau-Saint-Cybard () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Montmoreau.

The town is overlooked by a castle that dates from the Middle Ages, and a chapel within its gardens is classified as a historic monument. While its walls date from the eleventh century, the castle was destroyed during the Hundred Years War. Today only a large gate remains of the original; the current castle was built in the 15th century in the form of a manor within the old walls. The Church of Saint-Denis, which was restored starting in the 19th century, dates from the 12th.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montrollet (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Mornac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Mosnac () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2021, it was merged into the new commune Mosnac-Saint-Simeux.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Moulidars () is a commune in the department of Charente in the southwestern region of France. The encyclopedist Jules Trousset (1842–1905) was born in Médars.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Mouthiers-sur-Boëme (, literally Mouthiers on Boëme) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Angoumois


Mouton () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Mohammad Ahmadzadeh (, born January 10, 1961, in Bandar-e Anzali) is a former Iranian football, basketball and tennis player and current football coach.

He played most of his career for Malavan and is also the team's head coach for the third time, serving the last term for several seasons. Ahmadzadeh changed from football to basketball and tennis from 1982 to 1985.
On 9 March 2008, Ahmadzadeh was appointed assistant coach of the Iran national football team under newly appointed head coach, Ali Daei.

Ahmadzadeh won the Qods League Forward of the Season in the 1989–90 season after scoring 16 goals for Malavan.

External links
 www.mohammadahmadzadeh.com

References

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Bandar-e Anzali
Men's association football midfielders
Iranian men's footballers
Iranian football managers
Malavan F.C. players
Paykan F.C. managers
Iran national under-20 football team managers
Olympic football managers of Iran
Malavan F.C. managers
Bargh Shiraz F.C. managers
Gahar Zagros F.C. managers
Shahin Bushehr F.C. managers


Moutonneau () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nabinaud (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nanclars () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nanteuil-en-Vallée () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Nanteuil-en-Vallée was listed as one of France's "Petite Cité de Caractère' or 'Small Town of Character' in 2016.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nercillac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

History
Pot shards and tegulae in Varaize near the edge of Soloire are signs of Gallo-Roman populations. Le Cluniac priory of Notre Dame located in Montour was founded in the eleventh century by the lords of Cognac and redesigned in the fifteenth century. It has been the object of pilgrimages until the Revolution, when it was sold to an individual. It was destroyed in the twentieth century. The lords lived in the home of Tignoux. Count Nercillac emigrated and returned after the restoration.

Population

Gallery

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Nersac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nieuil (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

History

Novioialos was a Gaulish site established next to a pagan fountain, and was Christianized under the patronage of Saint-Vivien.

In the eleventh century, the area and the Church belonged to the Viscounts of Rochechouart that created the benedictine Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Uzerche, the forest was then cleared by the monks of the Priory of Sainte Marie-Madeleine de I'Espinassouze.

All that remains is the apse of the Church, a wall of the chapel of I' Espinassouze and the foundations of the mill.

The Châtellenie of Nieuil passed successively through the noble families Raja, Jaubert, Green Saint, - Marsault – (builders of the first castle) and Perry Fief of the barony of Champagne Mouton, it remained an enclave of Poitou until the French Revolution.

In the sixteenth century a discovery of iron ore in the forest led to the creation of a forge. The owner, Louis Lavergne Champlaurier was guillotined in 1794, with his wife Victoire.

Nearby towns
Saint-Claud 3.2 km
Suaux 3.3 km
Roumazières-Loubert 6.5 km
Chasseneuil-sur-Bonnieure 7.2 km

Transport
Rail

Nieuil no longer has a railway connection and the closest stations are:

Roumazières-Loubert Railway Station (6 km)

Chasseneuil-sur-Bonnieure Railway Station (7 km)

Air

The closest airport to Nieuil is Angoulême – Brie – Champniers Airport (27 km) however it doesn't have scheduled flights since the airport and its local authority consortium pulled out of a contract with the Ryanair in 2010.  Slightly further afield is Limoges Airport which runs daily flights as below

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nonac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Nonaville () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Bellevigne.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Oradour (), commonly called Oradour-d'Aigre, is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Oradour-Fanais (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Orgedeuil (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Oriolles () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Orival () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Paizay-Naudouin-Embourie () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Palluaud () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Geography
The Lizonne forms the commune's eastern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Parzac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Passirac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Péreuil () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-des-Vignes.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Pérignac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

The residents are called Pérignacais.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

External links

 Aerial view of Pérignac

Communes of Charente


La Péruse (; ) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terres-de-Haute-Charente.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Pillac (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Les Pins (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Plaizac () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Rouillac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Plassac-Rouffiac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Pleuville () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

Landmarks
The village includes the Château de Pleuville and the Château de Gorce.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Poullignac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

Sights
The Romanesque Church of Saint-Martin, built from the end of the 11th century to the beginning of the 12th, was classified as a historic monument in 1987. The apse was replaced in the 12th century with the current barrel vault choir. The brick vault in the nave dates from 1844. There are murals painted in the choir, and traces of paintings in the rest of the church.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Bussus-Bussuel (Picard: Buchu-Buchuel) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D153 road,  east of Abbeville.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Poursac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Pranzac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


In computer science and operations research, the bees algorithm is a population-based search algorithm which was developed by Pham, Ghanbarzadeh et al. in 2005. It mimics the food foraging behaviour of honey bee colonies. In its basic version the algorithm performs a kind of neighbourhood search combined with global search, and can be used for both combinatorial optimization and continuous optimization. The only condition for the application of the bees algorithm is that some measure of distance between the solutions is defined. The effectiveness and specific abilities of the bees algorithm have been proven in a number of studies.

Metaphor
A colony of honey bees can extend itself over long distances (over 14 km) and in multiple directions simultaneously to harvest nectar or pollen from multiple food sources (flower patches).
A small fraction of the colony constantly searches the environment looking for new flower patches. These scout bees move randomly in the area surrounding the hive, evaluating the profitability (net energy yield) of the food sources encountered. When they return to the hive, the scouts deposit the food harvested. Those individuals that found a highly profitable food source go to an area in the hive called the “dance floor”, and perform a ritual known as the waggle dance.
Through the waggle dance a scout bee communicates the location of its discovery to idle onlookers, which join in the exploitation of the flower patch. Since the length of the dance is proportional to the scout’s rating of the food source, more foragers get recruited to harvest the best rated flower patches. After dancing, the scout returns to the food source it discovered to collect more food.
As long as they are evaluated as profitable, rich food sources will be advertised by the scouts when they return to the hive. Recruited foragers may waggle dance as well, increasing the recruitment for highly rewarding flower patches. Thanks to this autocatalytic process, the bee colony is able to quickly switch the focus of the foraging effort on the most profitable flower patches.

Algorithm
The bees algorithm mimics the foraging strategy of honey bees to look for the best solution to an optimisation problem. Each candidate solution is thought of as a food source (flower), and a population (colony) of n agents (bees) is used to search the solution space. Each time an artificial bee visits a flower (lands on a solution), it evaluates its profitability (fitness).

The bees algorithm consists of an initialisation procedure and a main search cycle which is iterated for a given number T of times, or until a solution of acceptable fitness is found. Each search cycle is composed of five procedures: recruitment, local search, neighbourhood shrinking, site abandonment, and global search.

 Pseudocode for the standard bees algorithm
    1 for i=1,…,ns
        i  scout[i]=Initialise_scout()
        ii flower_patch[i]=Initialise_flower_patch(scout[i])
    2 do until stopping_condition=TRUE
        i   Recruitment()
        ii  for i =1,...,na
              1 flower_patch[i]=Local_search(flower_patch[i])
              2 flower_patch[i]=Site_abandonment(flower_patch[i])
              3 flower_patch[i]=Neighbourhood_shrinking(flower_patch[i])
        iii for i = nb,...,ns
              1 flower_patch[i]=Global_search(flower_patch[i])}

In the initialisation routine ns scout bees are randomly placed in the search space, and evaluate the fitness of the solutions where they land. For each solution, a neighbourhood (called flower patch) is delimited.

In the recruitment procedure, the scouts that visited the nb≤ns fittest solutions (best sites) perform the waggle dance. That is, they recruit foragers to search further the neighbourhoods of the most promising solutions. The scouts that located the very best ne≤nb solutions (elite sites) recruit nre foragers each, whilst the remaining nb-ne scouts recruit nrb≤nre foragers each. Thus, the number of foragers recruited depends on the profitability of the food source.

In the local search procedure, the recruited foragers are randomly scattered within the flower patches enclosing the solutions visited by the scouts (local exploitation). If any of the foragers in a flower patch lands on a solution of higher fitness than the solution visited by the scout, that forager becomes the new scout. If no forager finds a solution of higher fitness, the size of the flower patch is shrunk (neighbourhood shrinking procedure). Usually, flower patches are initially defined over a large area, and their size is gradually shrunk by the neighbourhood shrinking procedure. As a result, the scope of the local exploration is progressively focused on the area immediately close to the local fitness best. If no improvement in fitness is recorded in a given flower patch for a pre-set number of search cycles, the local maximum of fitness is considered found, the patch is abandoned (site abandonment), and a new scout is randomly generated.

As in biological bee colonies, a small number of scouts keeps exploring the solution space looking for new regions of high fitness (global search). The global search procedure re-initialises the last ns-nb flower patches with randomly generated solutions.

At the end of one search cycle, the scout population is again composed of ns scouts: nr scouts produced by the local search procedure (some of which may have been re-initialised by the site abandonment procedure), and ns-nb scouts generated by the global search procedure. The total artificial bee colony size is n=ne•nre+(nb-ne)•nrb+ns (elite sites foragers + remaining best sites foragers + scouts) bees.

Variants
In addition to the basic bees algorithm, there are a number of improved or hybrid versions of the BA, each of which focuses on some shortcomings of the basic BA. These variants include (but are not limited to) fuzzy or enhanced BA (EBA), grouped BA (GBA), hybrid modified BA (MBA) and so on.
The pseudo-code for the grouped BA (GBA)  is as follows.

function GBA
 %% Set the problem parameters
maxIteration = ..;			% number of iterations (e.g. 1000-5000)
maxParameters = ..;			% number of input variables
min = [..] ;				% an array of the size maxParameters to indicate the minimum value of each input parameter
max = [..] ;				% an array of the size maxParameters to indicate the maximum value of each input parameter

 %% Set the grouped bees algorithm (GBA) parameters
R_ngh = ..;	            % patch radius of the neighborhood search for bees in the first group (e.g. 0.001 - 1)
n = ..;					% number of scout bees (e.g. 4-30)
nGroups = ..;			% number of groups, excluding the random group

 %% GBA's automatic parameter settings
k = 3 * n / ((nGroups+1)^3 - 1); 	% GBA's parameter to set the number of scout bees in each group
groups = zeros(1,nGroups);    		% An array to keep the number of scout bees for each group
recruited_bees = zeros(1,nGroups);	% An array to keep the number of recruited bees for each group
a = (((max - min) ./ 2) - R_ngh) ./ (nGroups^2 - 1);	% GBA's parameter for setting neighborhood radiuses
b = R_ngh - a;											% GBA's parameter for setting neighborhood radiuses
for i=1:nGroups % For each group
    groups(i) = floor(k*i^2);			% determine the number of scout bees in each group
    if groups(i) == 0
        groups(i) = 1;					% there has to be at least one scout bee per each group
    end
	recruited_bees = (nGroups+1-i)^2;	% set the number of recruited bees for each group
	ngh(i) = a * i*i + b;				% set the radius patch for each group
end
group_random = n - sum(groups);			% assign the remainder bees (if any) to random search
group_random = max(group_random,0);		% make sure it is not a negative number

 %% initialize the population matrix
population = zeros(n,maxParameters+1); 	% A population of n bees including all input variables and their fitness
for i=1:n
    population(i,1:maxParameters)= generate_random_solution(maxParameters,min, max);	% random initialization of maxParameters variables between max and min
    population(i,maxParameters+1) = evalulate_fitness(population(i,:));					% fitness evaluation of each solution and saving it at the last index of the population matrix
end

sorted_population = sortrows(population); % sort the population based on their fitnesses

 %% Iterations of the grouped bees algorithm
for i=1:maxIteration         	% GBA's main loop
	beeIndex = 0;				% keep track of all bees (i.e, patches)
	for g=1:nGroups 			% for each group of scout bees
		for j =  1 : groups(g) 	% exploit each patch within each group
			beeIndex = beeIndex + 1;		% increase the counter per each patch
			for i = 1 : recruited_bees(g)	% for each recruited bees of the group
				solution = bee_waggle_dance(sorted_population(beeIndex,1:maxParameters),ngh(g));			% search the neighborhood around selected patch/solution within the radius of ngh
				fit = evaluate_fitness(solution);															% evaluate the fitness of recently found solution
				if  fit < sorted_population(beeIndex,maxParameters+1) % A minimization problem: if a better location/patch/solution is found by the recuiter bee
					sorted_population(beeIndex,1 : maxParameters+1) = [solution(1 : maxParameters),fit];	% copy new solution and its fitness to the sorted population matrix
				end
			end
		end
	end

	for i= 1 : group_random % For the remaining random bees
		beeIndex = beeIndex + 1;
		solution(beeIndex,1:maxParameters)= generate_random_solution(maxParameters,min, max); 	% generate a new random solution at the index beeIndex
		solution(beeIndex,maxParameters+1)= evaluate_fitness(solution);							% evaluate its fitness
		sorted_population(beeIndex,:) = [solution(1 : maxParameters),fit]; 						% copy the new random solution and its fitness to the sorted population matrix
	end

	sorted_population=sortrows(sorted_population); 	% sort the population based on their fitnesses
	Best_solution_sofar=sorted_population(1,:);

	disp('Best:');disp(Best_solution_sofar); % Display the best solution of current iteration
end % end of GBA's main loop
end % end of main function

%% Function Bee Waggle Dance
function new_solution=bee_waggle_dance(solution, ngh, maxParameters)
    new_solution(1:maxParameters) = (solution-ngh)+(2*ngh.*rand(1, maxParameters));
end

See also
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Artificial bee colony algorithm
Evolutionary computation
Lévy flight foraging hypothesis
Manufacturing Engineering Centre
Mathematical optimization
Metaheuristic
Particle swarm optimization
Swarm intelligence

References

External links
The bees algorithm website
 Boffins put dancing bees to work – BBC News
The bees algorithm workshop

Nature-inspired metaheuristics


Pressignac (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

The village has thirty or so hamlets scattered around the outskirts. These include: Bandes, Bonetève, Bors, Bouchet, Bournet, Château Banal, Chauffie, Croix, Fayolles, Fontceeverane, Fougeras, Gardette, Les Gouttes, Le Grand Wood, Grand Chalais, Guerlie, Guierce, Judie, Magniéras, Mandat, Chez Mariaud, Martin, Martinie, Mas du Baud, Minor, Pers, Petit Chalais, Puymis, Valette, Veilleraud, Vouéras.

The Asteroid

200 million years ago, an asteroid with a diameter of 1.5 km struck the earth between the current hamlets of Judie, Valette and Babaudus. The impact left a crater 21 km in diameter that has long since been destroyed by erosion. The rocks within it were substantially changed more than 5 km deep. The rocks resulting from this cataclysm around Pressignac are unique: fractured and melted, they are called impact breccias and these rocks have been used for the construction of houses and farm buildings in the immediate area.

Protohistory

The Hallstatt civilization during the Iron Age used a road from Narbonne to Nantes and Brittany. This old road crosses the municipal territory of Pressignac, passing by Mandat, the Bost de la Herse, the Motte, the Négrerie and Besses wood, skirting two buildings dating from this time.

Caesar's camp, on the Petit Chêne hill, between Bors and Mandat, is a 100-meter square surrounded on three sides by an embankment almost three meters wide and one meter high. Despite its name, it was not a Roman camp (although it is likely that the Romans reused it). One hypothesis is that this camp was to be a kind of caravanserai, a stage on this trading route of the Iron Age. Neolithic axes found in large numbers around might also suggest an occupation of this prehistoric site. This land also served much later, shortly before the war of 1870, as a field of military maneuvers.

Population

See also
 Rochechouart impact structure
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Puymoyen () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

External links

Official site

Communes of Charente


Puyréaux () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Raix is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Rancogne (; ) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Moulins-sur-Tardoire.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


The 1880 Cleveland Blues finished the season at 47–37, good enough for a third-place finish in the National League.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1880 Cleveland Blues season at Baseball Reference

Cleveland Blues (NL) seasons
Cleveland Blues season


Ranville-Breuillaud () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Reignac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Lloyd Cortez Hawks (January 13, 1911 – October 26, 1953) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Hawks joined the Army from Park Rapids, Minnesota in 1942, and by January 30, 1944, was serving as a private first class in the Medical Detachment of the 30th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. On that day, near Carano, Italy, he crawled through intense enemy fire to aid two wounded men. He dragged one man to safety but was severely wounded after returning for the second man. Despite these wounds, he was able to drag the second man to safety also. Hawks recovered from his injuries and, on January 15, 1945, was awarded the Medal of Honor.

Hawks remained in the army after World War II, and later served in the Korean War, reaching the rank of Sergeant First Class. He died from a heart attack at age 42 and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Park Rapids, Minnesota.

Medal of Honor citation
Hawks' official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. On January 30, 1944, at 3 p.m., near Carano, Italy, Pfc. Hawks braved an enemy counterattack in order to rescue 2 wounded men who, unable to move, were lying in an exposed position within 30 yards of the enemy. Two riflemen, attempting the rescue, had been forced to return to their fighting holes by extremely severe enemy machinegun fire, after crawling only 10 yards toward the casualties. An aid man, whom the enemy could plainly identify as such, had been critically wounded in a similar attempt. Pfc. Hawks, nevertheless, crawled 50 yards through a veritable hail of machinegun bullets and flying mortar fragments to a small ditch, administered first aid to his fellow aid man who had sought cover therein, and continued toward the 2 wounded men 50 yards distant. An enemy machinegun bullet penetrated his helmet, knocking it from his head, momentarily stunning him. Thirteen bullets passed through his helmet as it lay on the ground within 6 inches of his body. Pfc. Hawks, crawled to the casualties, administered first aid to the more seriously wounded man and dragged him to a covered position 25 yards distant. Despite continuous automatic fire from positions only 30 yards away and shells which exploded within 25 yards, Pfc. Hawks returned to the second man and administered first aid to him. As he raised himself to obtain bandages from his medical kit his right hip was shattered by a burst of machinegun fire and a second burst splintered his left forearm. Displaying dogged determination and extreme self-control, Pfc. Hawks, despite severe pain and his dangling left arm, completed the task of bandaging the remaining casualty and with superhuman effort dragged him to the same depression to which he had brought the first man. Finding insufficient cover for 3 men at this point, Pfc. Hawks crawled 75 yards in an effort to regain his company, reaching the ditch in which his fellow aid man was lying.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

Biography

1911 births
1953 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Becker, Minnesota
United States Army non-commissioned officers
Combat medics
Recipients of the Silver Star
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Park Rapids, Minnesota
United States Army personnel of the Korean War


Réparsac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Rioux-Martin is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Fbus (for "Fast Bus") is an ANSI/IEEE data bus protocol oriented towards backplanes and cell phones. The standard specifies a way for various pieces of electronic hardware to communicate, typically with one piece acting as master (sending a request), and another acting as a slave (returning an answer). The FBus is a bi-directional full-duplex serial type bus running at 115,200 bit/s, 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit (8N1). Much like a standard RS-232 serial port, FBus connections use one pin for data transmit, one pin for data receive and one pin for ground.

The Fast Bus standard specifies completely the size, power requirements, signalling levels, and communications protocols for boards that live in a Fast Bus crate, which is also a part of the specification.

Fbus was developed by Nokia as an improved replacement of the Mbus, which is only half-duplex and transfers at a slower speed of 9600 bit/s.

Interfacing with a cell phone
The Fast Bus connection on a cell phone can be interfaced with an RS-232 serial port by building a custom cable.

References

Computer buses
Nokia


Alexander Wilbourne Weddell (April 6, 1876 – January 1, 1948) was an American diplomat. He served as United States ambassador to Argentina from 1933 to 1939 and to Spain from 1939 to 1942.

Weddell was born in Richmond, Virginia, and attended George Washington University. On May 31, 1923, he married a wealthy widow, Virginia Chase Steedman. He served as president of the Virginia Historical Society from 1943 until his death.

Weddell was the author or editor of several books, including:

A Memorial Volume of Virginia Historical Portraiture (1930)
Richmond, Virginia, in Old Prints (1932)
Introduction to Argentina (1939)
Portraiture in the Virginia Historical Society (1945)

Weddell and his wife died in a train accident near Otterville, Missouri on January 1, 1948.

Virginia House
The Weddells' Richmond home, Virginia House, was constructed from material from an older house located in Priory Park, Warwick, England. He purchased the Warwick property in 1926 and transported it over two years later. The rebuilt house now belongs to the Virginia Historical Society and is open to the public.

Further reading

 Virginius Cornick Hall Jr., Portraits in the Collection of the Virginia Historical Society (1981), pp. 254–255. .

External links
 Virginia House
 Virginia Historical Society biography

1876 births
1948 deaths
Writers from Richmond, Virginia
Ambassadors of the United States to Argentina
Ambassadors of the United States to Spain
Railway accident deaths in the United States
Accidental deaths in Missouri
20th-century American diplomats
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
United States Foreign Service personnel
Historians from Virginia
20th-century American male writers
Members of Sons of Confederate Veterans


Rivières (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.
The names originate from the 2 rivers crossing the municipality: La Tardoire and le Bandiat.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


La Rochefoucauld (; Limousin: La Ròcha Focaud) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune La Rochefoucauld-en-Angoumois.

It lies very close to the line which delineated occupied France and Vichy France during World War II.

Etymology
The village takes its name from the large chateau above the village, which is partially open to the public. It is also still inhabited by the Duke and Duchess.

The site was first used around 980 by Fucaldus, younger brother of the Viscount of Limoges. Fucaldus set up a fortified camp on the rock and called it Fucaldus in rupe, or Foucauld's Rock.

The town has always been linked with the House La Rochefoucauld.

Population

Chateau

Early in the 11th century, the son of Fucaldus built a square keep, still identifiable at the heart of the present site. Two entrance towers were built from 1350, with three angle towers following, along with a heightening of the keep, in 1453. Galleries and a grand staircase, the latter attributed to designs by Leonardo da Vinci, were added in 1520. Much of the medieval building was demolished in 1615 when the courtyard was opened out and improvements were made to honour a visit by Louis XIII of France. There was some rebuilding in 1760, following a fire.

Following subsidence problems affecting the keep in the 1960s, the building is currently in the midst of restoration, during which time one wing remains a family home and much of the rest is open to the public. Guided tours of the libraries are sometimes available, and there are costumes for children and adults to wear during their exploration of the rest of the public areas, which include several furnished rooms, and some of the foundations within the rock.

Other features
In the village is a classic car dealership which is open to the public 365 days of the year and is decorated with motoring memorabilia, functioning essentially as a free-to-enter motor museum.

In the Rivieres District, there is a large supermarket, pharmacy, vets, petrol station.

In the old part of town is an "Abbey", public toilets and nearby shopping streets. On the outskirts is a small chocalatier factory and shop.

See also
House La Rochefoucauld
Alexandre, comte de La Rochefoucauld (1767–1841), married Adélaïde de Pyvart de Chastullé, a San Domingo heiress allied to the Beauharnais family. Mme de La Rochefoucauld became dame d'honneur to the empress Josephine, and their eldest daughter married Francesco Borghese, a brother-in-law of Pauline Bonaparte, Princess Borghese. La Rochefoucauld became ambassador successively to Vienna (1805) and to The Hague (1808–1810), where he negotiated the union of the Kingdom of Holland with France. During the "Hundred Days" he was made a peer of France. He subsequently devoted himself to philanthropic work, and in 1822 became deputy to the Chamber of Deputies and sat with the constitutional royalists. He was again raised to the peerage in 1831.
Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1841), soldier and minister of Charles X
Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (before 1552after 1569), French knight
Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (1862–1959), 19th century Rosicrucian
Dominique de La Rochefoucauld (1712–1800), French bishop and cardinal
Dominique, Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel (born 1950), diplomat, Grand Hospitalier of the Order of Malta, President of the French association, Chancellor of the « Académie des Psychologues du Goût »
Edmée de La Rochefoucauld (1896-1991), French activist
Emmanuel, Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel (1883-1974), diplomat, ambassadeur
François III de La Rochefoucauld (1521–1572), French courtier and soldier
François de La Rochefoucauld (cardinal) (1558–1645), French cardinal of the Catholic Church
François VI de La Rochefoucauld (writer) (1613–1680), French author noted for his maxims and memoirs
François de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis de Montandre (1672–1739)
François XII Alexandre Frédéric, duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1747–1827), social reformer
François XIII, duc de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1848)
Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (1701–1757), French cardinal of the Catholic Church, Archbishop of Bourges
Frédéric Gaëtan, marquis de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1779–1863), politician
Jean-Baptiste Louis Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld de Roye (1707–1746), French naval commander
Jean-Dominique de La Rochefoucauld (1931–2011), French screenwriter and television director
Louis Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld d'Enville (1743–1792), French aristocrat and politician
Robert de La Rochefoucauld (1923–2012), French count and special operations executive
Communes of the Charente department

References
Château de La Rochefoucauld visitors' handout.

Former communes of Charente
Castles in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Châteaux in Charente
Angoumois
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Ronsenac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Rougnac (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Rouillac () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes Plaizac and Sonneville were merged into Rouillac. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Gourville was merged into Rouillac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Communes nouvelles of Charente


Roullet-Saint-Estèphe () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Roumazières-Loubert (; ) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Terres-de-Haute-Charente.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Angoumois


Roussines (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Rouzède (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Ruelle-sur-Touvre is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

International relations
The commune has been twinned with Amstetten, Lower Austria since 1972 and Banbridge in Northern Ireland since 1994.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

External links

Official site

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ruffec () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

It is a stopover town on the road from Paris to Spain (Route nationale 10), between Poitiers and Angoulême.

During the Second World War, Ruffec was at the centre of Resistance for the evacuation of the Allied airmen towards Spain.

Population
Its inhabitants are known as the Ruffécois or the Ruffécoises in French.

Twin towns – sister cities
Ruffec is twinned with:

  Waldsee, Germany
  Pásztó, Hungary

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Angoumois


Keith King (born March 12, 1948, in Tekoa, Washington) is Republican politician from Colorado. A former small businessman, he served in both the Colorado House of Representatives and the Colorado Senate. Later, he served on the  Colorado Springs City Council, representing District 3 from 2013 to 2017.

From 1999 to 2006, King represented House District 21 in the Colorado House of Representatives.  On November 7, 2002, the Republican Caucus of the House chose King to serve as their Majority Leader, a post he held during the 2003-2004 legislative session. During this session, King also filled in as Governor of Colorado for a week.  King was term-limited from the House at the end of 2006. King spent the first half of 2007 preparing to open Colorado Early Colleges Colorado Springs, one of the charter schools he has founded.  Since classes started in August 2007, he has served as the school's administrator.  In 2008, King won election to the Colorado State Senate's 12th district, replacing Minority Leader Andy McElhany, who was term-limited at the end of the 2007-2008 session. In 2012, Colorado redrew Legislative boundaries and placed King in the same district as Minority Leader Bill Cadman.  King declined to stand for reelection.

Career in education and business
After graduating from Colorado State University-Pueblo in 1970, King spent seven years teaching high school and coaching basketball in California and Oregon; he also earned a master's degree from Oregon State University in 1976.  The following year, King moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he started "Waterbed Palace," a retail venture which grew to include 18 stores in Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, Tennessee, and Virginia.  In 1991, King was named "Retailer of the Year."

He had turned from teaching to business, but King continued his work in the field of education, sitting on the Board of Cheyenne Mountain School District 12 from 1991 to 1995.  The same year he relinquished his seat on the district board, he helped found Cheyenne Mountain Charter Academy, and served as its president from 1995 to 1998. In 1999, King took his passion for public policy to the Capitol in Denver.

Political career
King served four terms as the State Representative from House District 21.  Best known for his "charter-school and education legislation," King made contributions in many other areas as well, leading one commentator to see "his fingerprints...all over the map."  King was named "Legislator of the Year" in 2002 by the Colorado Springs Chamber of Commerce and in 2003 by the Economic Development Council of Colorado.  He served as Assistant Majority Leader from 2001 to 2002, Majority Leader from 2003 to 2004, and, but for the fact that the Democrats took control of the Legislature, would have become Speaker of the House in 2005.  In 2004, King received a prestigious presidential appointment to the National Assessment Governing Board, an organization that monitors standardized testing nationwide.  He was America's only Republican state legislator chosen for the board.  He was term-limited from the board in November 2008. King was the president of Colorado Springs City Council Elected by District 3 until he was voted out in favor of Richard Skorman.

Legislative awards
1999, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs – Alumni Legislative Award
1999, Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry Friend of Business Award
2000, National Federation of Independent Business – Guardian of Small Business
2000, Colorado Lawyers Committee – Community Contribution Award
2001, Mountain States Council, Legislator Recognition Award, Legislator of the Year
2001, Colorado Public Affairs Council – Star Award
2001, Colorado League of Charter Schools – Charter Friend Award
2002, Colorado Student Association – Student Voice Award
2002, Colorado Springs Chamber of Commerce – Legislator of the Year Award
2003, Economic Development Council of Colorado, Legislator of the Year
2004, Colorado Dental Association, Colorado Distinguished Leadership Award
2005, Children’s Ark, Friends of the ARK award

References

External links
Keith King for City Council District 3 Website

Republican Party Colorado state senators
Republican Party members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Colorado Springs City Council members
Living people
1948 births
21st-century American politicians
People from Tekoa, Washington


Bussy-lès-Daours (, literally Bussy near Daours; ) is a commune in the Somme département in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Toponymy
Bussy-lès-Daours has been recorded as:
 Busci in 1153
 Buxeria in 1164
 Buscicum in 1170
 Buxis in 1301
 Buyssi in the 17th century

Geography
The commune is situated on the D1e road, some  northeast of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Saint-Adjutory (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


James Robert Owen "Bob" Atcher (May 11, 1914 – October 31, 1993) was an American country musician.

Biography
Atcher was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States, and learned violin and guitar from his father, who was a champion fiddle player. He started out on radio in Louisville on WHAS, and was offered spots on a number of other stations in the American South and Midwest. In 1939, he was offered a regular gig on Chicago station WBBM which was broadcast nationally by CBS. The show made him a national star, and he signed with ARC just before CBS bought the company. After the purchase Atcher was transferred to Okeh Records and then to Columbia Records, both CBS subsidiaries.

Productive Years
Between 1939 and 1942, he recorded many duets with Loeta Applegate, who went by the stage name "Bonnie Blue Eyes." Among these was the first No. 1 of Jimmie Davis' "You Are My Sunshine". He scored two solo hits with versions of "I'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes" and Ernest Tubb's "Walking the Floor Over You". On May 5, 1942, in his last session before joining the United States Army, he and Bonnie Blue Eyes recorded "Pins and Needles (In My Heart)" by Fred Rose, which charted for most of 1943, and went on to become a standard for the wartime era.

Post WWII
After returning to performing in 1946, he charted hits, including "Why Don't You Haul Off and Love Me" and "I Must Have Been Wrong". Bob's younger brother Randy Atcher also appeared on some of his records. In 1948, Atcher signed on with WLS and became a performer on their National Barn Dance. He also released a long play (LP) entitled Early American Folk Songs in 1948, which was among the earliest LPs released by Columbia. In 1950, he signed with Capitol Records, and later in the 1950s moved to Kapp Records. In 1950, he recorded "Christmas Island" with the Dinning Sisters.  He continued with the Barn Dance well into the 1960s, and re-signed to Columbia that decade, re-recording many of his songs in stereo.

Atcher was the star of Junior Rodeo, a television program that debuted on ABC on November 15, 1952. Broadcast on alternate Saturday mornings from Chicago, the Western children's program had members of the audience participating in follow-the-leader activities.

Atcher, like Gene Autry, was a shrewd businessman, and bought several businesses and invested in banking, with the proceeds from his career. He was also the mayor of Schaumburg, Illinois from 1959 to 1975. He died on Halloween day in 1993.

Atcher Pool in Schaumburg is named after him. Shortly before he died, the Municipal Center in Schaumburg was named in his honor. The center was dedicated in March 1995.

Hillbilly-Folk Chart Hits

References

1914 births
1993 deaths
American country singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Kentucky
People from Hardin County, Kentucky
20th-century American singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Kentucky
Okeh Records artists
Columbia Records artists


Saint-Amant-de-Montmoreau (, literally Saint-Amant of Montmoreau; before 2013: Saint-Amant) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Montmoreau.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


is the third album from the Japanese girl idol group Cute. It was released in regular and limited editions on March 12, 2008 on the Zetima Records label. The regular has catalogue number EPCE-5547 and the limited edition, which includes a bonus DVD, has catalogue number EPCE-5545~46.

The album debuted at number 10 in the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart, staying in the chart for 4 weeks.

As of 2011, it still remains C-ute's best selling album.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Tsunku.

CD

 Performed by Maimi Yajima and Airi Suzuki

 Performed by Chisato Okai and Kanna Arihara

 Performed by Saki Nakajima and Mai Hagiwara

 Performed by Erika Umeda with °C-ute Gasshōdan

DVD
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Hello! Project 2008 Winter ~Kettei! Hello☆Pro Award '08~ live version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Erika Umeda close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Maimi Yajima close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Saki Nakajima close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Airi Suzuki close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Chisato Okai close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Mai Hagiwara close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Kanna Arihara close-up version)

Charts

References

External links
 3rd ~Love Escalation~ entry on the Up-Front Works official website

2008 albums
Cute (Japanese idol group) albums
Zetima albums


Saint-Amant-de-Boixe () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Downhills Park is a park in the West Green area of Haringey.

The park covers ; it includes an open recreation space and a managed garden area that includes a rose garden, tennis courts and basketball courts. It received the Green Flag Award in 2006.

Since July 2015, it has served as home of the Finsbury Park Rugby Football Club, Og GAA, and the Holloway Ladies Gaelic Football Team.

History
Downhills was the name of a house built before 1728 that stood on the land. This land was bought in 1881 by British Land, but building development did not start till 1899. In response to a campaign by local residents, Tottenham Urban District Council bought the land, grounds and adjoining fields in 1901. The council preserved many features of the house grounds and also built several new amenities.

After 1939 many amenities were demolished or destroyed due to the World War bombings.. Haringey Council built new children's play facilities in the 1980s.

References

Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Haringey


Saint-Amant-de-Bonnieure (, literally Saint-Amant of Bonnieure) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Bonnieure.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Amant-de-Nouère () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Angeau () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Bonnieure.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Aulais-la-Chapelle is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Avit is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Brice () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. It is named after Saint Brice of Tours.

Population

Personalities
Kilian Hennessy - Patriarch of the Hennessy cognac house

Twin towns
 Radda in Chianti, Italy

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Christophe (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.  It is a member of the Charente Limousine group of coummunes bordering Haute-Vienne.  It is located 14 km from Confolens and 67 km northeast of Angoulême .

The village is also 5 km east of Lesterps , 13 km north of Saint-Junien , 18 km north-east of Chabanais , 21 km south-west of Bellac and 37 km north- west of Limoges [ 2 ] .

The main road in the commune is the D 82 route from Confolens and Lesterps to Limoges via Oradour-sur-Glane , which crosses it from west to east. The village is also served by the D 163 which goes south-west to Chabanais, and the D 330 south to Brigueuil and Saint-Junien [ 3 ] .

The nearest station is Saint-Junien , served by TER trains to Angoulême and Limoges .

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Ciers-sur-Bonnieure (, literally Saint-Ciers on Bonnieure) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


This is a list of United States Air Force special operations squadrons. It covers aerial units assigned to Air Force Special Operations Command in the United States Air Force.

Special Operations Squadrons

See also
 List of United States Air Force squadrons
 List of United States Air Force special tactics squadrons

References

Special operations


Saint-Coutant () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Cybardeaux () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department
List of Roman theatres

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Bussy-lès-Poix (, literally Bussy near Poix; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D141 road, some  southwest of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Sainte-Colombe (; Limousin: Senta Colomba) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Bonnieure.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ayetoro is a town in Nigeria. It lies on the latitude 70 12’N  and longitude 30 3’ E in a deciduous- derived savannah zone of Ogun State. The climate is sub-humid tropical with a longtime average annual rainfall of 1,909.30mm. Ayetoro is about 35 km northwest of Abeokuta, a town in south-west part of Nigeria and the capital of Ogun State. The town is the administrative seat/headquarters of Yewa (formally known as Egbado) North Local Government Area. It is connected to Lagos by road and rail and serves as the shipping centre for an area in which cocoa, cassava, cowpea and maize are produced.

It is located in the Derived savanna agro ecological zone. Ayetoro lies between 90 and 120-m above sea-level. The entire area is made up of an undulating surface drained mainly by Rori and Ayinbo rivers. The landform is that of eroded pediment plain with wells incised valleys forming a trellis pattern. The soils are developed over a deeply weathered layer of sedimentary rocks consisting of false bedded sandstones which underlies the area.  The sediments are of lower cretaceous rocks or Abeokuta formation (Smyth and Montgomery, 1962) which spread monotonously in northwest and southwest directions. The soil is a gravelly Ultisol (Moormann et al., 1975).The major occupation of the majority of the people living in the town is farming.

The town is known for accommodating one of the oldest public high school – Comprehensive High School which is the pioneer of the current 6-3-4-4 system of education in the country. College of Agricultural Sciences – one of the colleges in Olabisi Onabanjo University – was relocated from Ago-Iwoye to Ayetoro in December 2004 by the Gbenga Daniel led administration.

Notable people
 Prince Gbadebo Omidokun – Egbado North Local Government Chairman (1985-1989), Chairman Ogun State Local Government Service Commission (1990-1992)
 Deacon Adepoju Adeyemi – Secretary to the State Government (1993, 1999–2003)
Rt. Hon. Adekumbi Suraju Ishola – Speaker, Ogun State House of Assembly (2011–2019).

Dr Iziaq Adekunle Salako, Ogun State Commissioner for Agriculture (2007-2008), Commissioner for Housing (2008-2009), Commissioner for Health (2009-2011). Chairman, Ogun State Hospitals Management Board, Secretary, Board of Trustees, Ayetoro Yewa Central Initiative for Development.

References

 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aiyetoro Aiyetoro

Towns in Yorubaland


Milan Paumer (April 7, 1931 – July 22, 2010) was a member of a militant Czechoslovak anticommunist resistance group that attracted worldwide fame – and notoriety – for killing seven men in the early 1952s in robberies of money and arms and for evading the biggest manhunt in the history of the Eastern Bloc. His five-man group, the Mašín Gang, carried out raids against state institutions in Czechoslovakia before being forced to flee to the West in October 1953. The group crossed the Czech border to East Germany, making their way to West Berlin while an estimated 25,000 East German policemen, soldiers and secret agents were searching for them. Two of their members were wounded in shootouts in which a total of four East German policemen were killed, but Paumer and the remaining two members of the Mašín Gang successfully made it to the West and ultimately to the United States.

After returning to the Czech Republic following the fall of Communism, Paumer retired to his old home town. He remained a controversial figure who was reviled by some as a murderer but hailed by others as a heroic resistance figure. He was honoured by the Czech government in 2008 and the Czech Prime Minister, Petr Nečas, declared that Paumer had made a heroic decision to fight Communist oppression.

Early life and anticommunist beginnings
Paumer was born in Kolín in eastern Bohemia on 7 April 1931. During his childhood he lived in the nearby town of Poděbrady. It was there that he first met Ctirad and Josef Mašín, two brothers whose war hero father, a Czechoslovak general, was murdered by the Nazis during the Second World War.

In 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power in a coup d'état and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was established. Paumer and the Mašín brothers decided to begin a campaign of armed resistance. They formed a group that became known as the "Mašín Gang" and began by carrying out minor acts of sabotage in the area around their home town, such as burning fields and defacing posters of Joseph Stalin. They decided to obtain weapons and in 1951 they raided two police stations, killing two policemen in the process. In a subsequent raid on a security van carrying a payroll to a manufacturing plant, the gang succeeded in stealing around a million Czechoslovak crowns but killed the van's cashier during the raid.

Escape to the West
In October 1953 the five members of the Mašín Gang embarked on an escape to the West to avoid imminent arrest by the Communist authorities. Paumer had been drafted into the Czechoslovak military but was alerted by a coded message from the Mašíns telling him that "The wedding is next Saturday". They made their way across the border to East Germany but fell afoul of a railway ticket inspector, who reported his suspicions of the group to the police. An attempted ambush by the East German police ended in a shootout that left one policeman dead and resulted in one of the Czechs, , being captured. The remaining four escaped from the scene and went on the run.

The East German authorities responded with a massive manhunt that was said to have involved up to 25,000 policemen, soldiers and Stasi secret agents. Paumer and his friends made their way across East Germany to West Berlin, living off the land, sleeping in the open in branch-covered holes and from time to time fighting off the police. During this time, three more East German policemen were killed in gun battles with the gang. Paumer himself was shot in the hip; although he suffered a painful injury, the wound did not immobilise him and he was able to continue with the escape. One of the other escapees, , was not so lucky and was forced to surrender after being wounded.

At the time, the Berlin Wall had not yet been built and the inner German border was still relatively easy to cross around West Berlin. Paumer and the Mašín brothers made it to the outskirts of Berlin by hiding in the undercarriage of a train. On 2 November 1953, they reached the West by crawling along a ditch. Paumer later recalled:

"Finally we got to the beginning of Berlin. There was a street which what they did was cut it off, laid some wooden logs and barbed wire, and they dug a big ditch, which was about two metres deep. When we were in the ditch we were looking up to anxiously to get out. So I helped [Josef] and he helped pull me out. Then when we were finally on the street we saw a policeman. He took us to the station and then we were safe."

Their escape has been described by Czech-American author Jan Novak as the greatest story of the Cold War.

His colleagues Janata and Švéda, who had been captured earlier, were taken back to Czechoslovakia where they were executed in 1955. Ctibor Novak, the Mašíns' uncle, was also executed.

After the escape

Paumer and the Mašíns claimed political asylum in the West after their escape and eventually managed to reach the United States. Paumer himself became a sergeant in the United States Army and served in South Korea. He worked in the aeronautical industry in Florida after leaving the Army and later ran a café. Following the Velvet Revolution of 1989, which ended Communist rule in Czechoslovakia, the outstanding warrants against Paumer and the Mašíns were quashed by the new government. Paumer returned to his native country and settled again at Poděbrady, where he retired in 2001. He remained active in politics and was a frequent attendant at anticommunist gatherings.

His story was documented in the 2006 book Gauntlet: five friends, 20,000 enemy troops, and the secret that could have changed the course of the Cold War by Barbara Mašín ().

Controversy
Paumer's role in the killings of communist policemen and officials was and remains a controversial topic. He was praised as an anticommunist hero by some, but was regarded by others as a murderer who had killed without cause. He defended the killing of the policemen, saying that they had left him with no choice but to "do away" with them. He said that the payroll official had been killed after pulling a gun on the gang members and had been a member of the paramilitary People's Militia.

The controversy over Paumer's activities resulted in him being cold-shouldered for many years by members of the post-Communist Czech government. It was not until 2008 that he was officially recognized by the government, when the then Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek presented him with an award. The decision led to a major controversy; a poll commissioned by Czech Television found that nearly half the population regarded the Mašín Gang as criminals. The Czech Communist Party demanded that Paumer be stripped of his award and put on trial, while members of the left-wing Czech Social Democratic Party suggested that Paumer and his colleagues were "not good role models" for a time when the country was fighting terrorism. Historians and commentators noted that many Czech people are still ambiguous about the Communist past, particularly as Paumer and the Mašíns were virtually alone in forcibly resisting the regime of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Nonetheless, Prime Minister Petr Nečas told mourners at Paumer's funeral in August 2010 that Paumer had made a heroic decision to fight communism and should not be judged from today's perspective; "as free people we have the right to fight against enslavement with any, truly any means."

See also
 Mašín

References

External links

 Pane prezidente, vyznamenání nechci, děkuji, Milan Paumer, Lidové noviny, 27 October 2006
 „Ten třetí“ od bratrů Mašínů, Silvie Blechová, Lidové noviny, 11 November 2005
  (video)
 Interview with Milan Paumer , 29 November 2006 MP3
  (video), 17 January 2008

1931 births
2010 deaths
Czech anti-communists
Czech murderers
Mass murder in the Czech Republic
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of the Korean War


Sainte-Sévère () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sainte-Souline () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Eutrope () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Montmoreau.

Geography

Saint-Eutrope is a common South Charente located 2.5 km northwest of Montmoreau and 26 km south of Angoulême. It is a small town on the surface (less than 3 km2), and lying territory (3.5 km long and 0.5 km wide).
The village is 9 km southeast of Blanzac.

The town is crossed by two county roads. The main one is the D 10, drive to Montmoreau Blanzac and Chateauneuf, which runs through the town staying on the ridge. The other is the D 74 which joins the road to Angoulême Libourne (D 674) by Saint-Cybard and part of the town. It is also the route of Nonac in North Western Canada.2.

The nearest train station is in Montmoreau, served by TER to Angoulême and Bordeaux.

Hamlets and localities
The village is quite large, and the town hamlets are small and are only farms: Bel-Air, Large Stones, Maine Blanchard, in Calais, Perry. Chabreville Castle, not far from the town, is in the municipality of Courgeac.

Geology
The ground is limestone Cretaceous (chalk), but the peaks are covered with sand and clay tertiary deposit, and wood (or heath) have chestnuts and pines, calcifuges species.

The clay of the ground meant that Saint-Eutrope was a renowned place of manufacture of solid pottery until the 20th century, there was also an iron mine

History
In the early sixteenth century, St. Eutrope de la Lande was a priory. A Romanesque church dates from the twelfth century.

St. Eutropius was in the manor of Montmoreau dependent Angoumois, and following the religious wars, Francis has installed persecuted Catholic families, as well as Saint-Laurent-de-Belzagot.

Saint-Eutrope has long been famous for its pottery. In the eighteenth century, no fewer than 30 families working there, with 25 fours. Saint-Eutrope specialized in the manufacture of large pieces: mass graves, Ponnes and flagons, as well as "faience pebbles" yellow glaze characteristics of certain workshops in the locality. This craft has reached its peak in 1841 with 140 potters. After the 1914–18 war, they were only a dizaine.

The clay was then briefly operated as a building material (brickworks in Bel-Air, adopted in 1986).

Name
The first mention of the place appears in 1523: Sanctus Eutropius of Landa. Saint Eutrope was the first bishop of Saintes, and his relics were the subject of pilgrimages in the Middle age.

During the French Revolution, Saint-Eutrope was called La Poterie, and Utrope.

Dialects
Although the dialectal limit is 10 km to the east, the town also has the distinction of being a small enclave Occitan (Limousin dialect) language of oïl.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente


Wyck may refer to:

WYCK, a Pennsylvanian AM broadcasting radio station
Wyck, Hampshire, a village in England
Wyck House, a historic house in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wyck (Maastricht), a neighbourhood in Maastricht, Netherlands

See also
 Wick (disambiguation)


Saint-Félix is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Fort-sur-le-Né (, literally Saint-Fort on the Né) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Fraigne () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Front (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Genis-d'Hiersac (, literally Saint-Genis of Hiersac) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Georges () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Germain-de-Confolens (, literally Saint-Germain of Confolens; ) is a former commune in the Charente department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Confolens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Germain-de-Montbron (, literally Saint-Germain of Montbron; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Gourson () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Groux () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


James Frank McElwain (born March 1, 1962) is an American football coach. He is the head football coach at Central Michigan University, a position he has held since 2019. McElwain served as the head football coach at the University of Florida from 2015 to 2017, and Colorado State University from 2012 to 2014, where he was named the Mountain West Conference Coach of the Year in 2014. He was the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama from 2008 to 2011.

Early life
McElwain was born in Missoula, Montana in 1962. He played quarterback at Sentinel High School in Missoula where he was chosen as an all-state quarterback. He then went on to play quarterback in college at Eastern Washington from 1980 to 1983, and he earned a degree in education.

Coaching career

Early career
After graduating from Eastern Washington, McElwain stayed there as a graduate assistant and was eventually given the job of quarterbacks and receivers coach. During his stint as a coach there from 1985 to 1994 his team made its way to the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs twice and won the Big Sky championship in 1992 under head coach Dick Zornes. From Eastern Washington, McElwain took an offensive coordinator position at Montana State. He enjoyed a successful career with the Bobcats from 1995 to 1999, and coached the offense to the number one scoring offense in the Big Sky Conference in 1998 with 31.6 points per game.

McElwain's first coaching job in Division I-A football was at University of Louisville where he was the receivers and special teams coach from 2000 to 2002. At Louisville, he tutored All-Conference USA receivers Arnold Jackson, Deion Branch, Damien Dorsey and Zek Parker. Also his special teams set a school record of nine blocked kicks in 2000–2001 season. He was then offered the assistant head coaching position at Michigan State when he followed Louisville's head coach John L. Smith there. With the Spartans his coaching of the receivers and special teams helped lead them to the Alamo Bowl in his first season.

Oakland Raiders
McElwain's coaching stint in the National Football League was brief. After his success at Michigan State, he was offered a job to be the quarterback coach for the Oakland Raiders. He was with them for one year in which the Oakland Raiders ended the season 2–14.   When head coach Art Shell was dismissed following the season, so were several of the assistant coaches, including McElwain.

Return to college football: Fresno State
In 2007, McElwain accepted a job to become the offensive coordinator at California State University, Fresno (Fresno State). With the Fresno State Bulldogs, he built a powerhouse offense which ranked 38th in the country averaging 419.5 yards a game and 32nd in the nation in points per game with 32.9. He helped lead the 2007 Fresno State team to a 9–4 record on the year including a win over Georgia Tech in the Humanitarian Bowl.

University of Alabama
On February 1, 2008, McElwain accepted an offer from Nick Saban to be the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama. In his first season as the offensive coordinator, the Crimson Tide finished the regular season 12–0, before falling to the Florida in the 2008 SEC Championship Game and the Utah in the 2009 Sugar Bowl.

In 2009, McElwain's offense helped lead the Crimson Tide to a 12–0 regular season record. The team went on to defeat the top-ranked team in the country, the Florida Gators, in the 2009 SEC Championship Game. There his offense dominated the Gators' number one defense in the country and compiled 490 yards of offense, more than twice the yards the Gators defense had averaged giving up all year. McElwain's offense outrushed the Gators' offense 251 yards to 88 yards, 63 of those yards coming from the 2007 Heisman winner Tim Tebow. His offense put up 32 points and held on to the ball for 39 minutes and 37 seconds, almost twice the Gators total of 20 minutes and 23 seconds. Alabama went on to beat the Texas Longhorns in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game. In 2011, the Crimson Tide finished the season with a 12–1 record, and beat the LSU Tigers 21–0 in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game.

Colorado State
On December 12, 2011, sources revealed that McElwain had accepted the head coaching position with Colorado State. A press conference was held at the Colorado State University Rams indoor practice facility on December 13, 2011, to officially announce the hiring.

McElwain's tenure, dubbed by the school's athletic department as "A Bold New Era", began on a high note. McElwain's Rams rallied from an 11-point deficit to defeat arch-rival Colorado 22–17 at Sports Authority Field in Denver on September 1. McElwain became the first CSU coach to win his debut since Jerry Wampfler in 1970 and the first ever to win his debut against Colorado. The momentum did not last long though as CSU suffered a 22–7 setback in their home opener one week later to defending FCS National Champion North Dakota State, the start of a six-game losing skid. The program showed improvement towards the end of the season, winning three of their final five games to finish 4–8 in McElwain's first season.

McElwain's second season with CSU was much more successful. CSU began the season losing their first two games against Colorado and Tulsa, both of which they had led in the fourth quarter. However, CSU finished the season winning eight of its next 12 games. McElwain finished his second season with a record of 8–6 after CSU's miraculous comeback win in the New Mexico Bowl against Washington State.

McElwain's third season with CSU led to even greater accomplishments. The Rams defeated  Colorado in the first game 31–17. After a Week 2 loss at Boise State, the Rams reeled off nine straight wins, climbing as high as #21 in the national rankings, and being in the conversation for a possible New Year's Day bowl bid. Those hopes were dashed, however, in their final regular season game at Air Force, when the Falcons hit a game-winning field goal as time expired, finishing CSU's regular season at 10–2. Notwithstanding this loss, the Rams were noted for a powerful offense throughout the year. Colorado State averaged 498 yards per game (13th best in the nation), while boasting the nation's second most efficient quarterback in Garrett Grayson and the top receiver by yards per game (149.1) and touchdowns (17) in Rashard Higgins. Under McElwain, the Rams were one of only two "Group of 5" teams with victories in 2014 over two Power 5 conference teams, defeating both Colorado and Boston College.

As a result of the successful transformation of the program, McElwain was named the Mountain West Conference's coach of the year on December 2, 2014.

University of Florida
McElwain was hired as head coach of the University of Florida Gators in December 2014 by athletics director Jeremy Foley.

The Gators won in McElwain's debut on September 5, 2015, against New Mexico State by a score of 61–13. McElwain led the Gators to a 6–0 start, which included a 38–10 upset against No. 3 Ole Miss that moved the Gators to #11 the following week. The Gators' regular season record under McElwain was 10–2. After the suspension of quarterback Will Grier, the Gators lost to LSU 35–28. McElwain led the Gators to their first SEC Eastern Division championship since 2009 with a 9–7 win over Vanderbilt, becoming the first coach to win an SEC Eastern Division championship in his first year. After clinching the SEC Eastern Division championship, the Gators suffered consecutive blowout losses to Florida State, Alabama in the SEC Championship, and Michigan in the Citrus Bowl by a combined score of 97–22.

McElwain was named the 2015 SEC Coach of the Year in his first season as the head coach of Florida.

McElwain won a second consecutive Eastern Division title in 2016. However, that season saw a second-half collapse against Tennessee and blowout losses to Arkansas, Florida State, and Alabama in the SEC Championship.

Florida started off the 2017 season with a 33–17 loss to Michigan. After a narrow 26–20 victory over Tennessee off of a game-winning Hail Mary throw, Florida defeated Kentucky 28–27 and Vanderbilt 38–24. On October 7, LSU defeated Florida 17–16. In the following game, Texas A&M defeated Florida 19–17.

During an October 23 press conference, McElwain alluded to death threats against himself and his players. Later that day, Florida officials revealed that McElwain offered "no additional details" about those threats. According to ESPN, this led school officials to seriously consider firing McElwain for cause.

On October 28, the Gators played the rival Georgia Bulldogs. Before the game there were rumors that Florida officials were considering firing McElwain for cause, though Athletic Director Scott Stricklin stated there were no such discussions. Florida lost to Georgia 42–7. The next day (October 29), McElwain met with Stricklin and other university officials. At that meeting, school officials told McElwain that they intended to fire him for cause, and contended that they did not owe him a buyout because he failed to tell them about the alleged death threats. Ultimately, Florida and McElwain mutually agreed to part ways, effective immediately. Defensive coordinator Randy Shannon served as interim coach for the remainder of the season.

According to a post-mortem by ESPN's Mark Schlabach and Edward Aschoff, relations between McElwain and the administration had been rather strained from the time McElwain arrived on campus. The relationship became even chillier when McElwain frequently criticized the state of the program and the administration's commitment to him. School officials interviewed by ESPN said that McElwain had been "an odd fit" for Florida from the start, and didn't seem to understand "being part of a team." Reportedly, his comments about the supposed threats made it apparent that "this was not going to work." His 34-game tenure in Gainesville was the shortest for a non-interim coach in more than 80 years.

McElwain was also criticized for on-field results that came up well short of what Florida fans had come to expect. He had been hired not just to win games, but to fix an offense that had become among the weakest in the country under his predecessor, Will Muschamp. In Muschamp's final season, the Gators were 96th in the country in total offense. In McElwain's two-plus seasons, the Gators actually regressed, finishing 111th, 116th, and 112th (at the time of his firing). His teams only scored 30 or more points seven times in two-plus years.

University of Michigan
On February 20, 2018, McElwain was named the wide receivers coach for the Michigan Wolverines. On December 2, 2018, it was announced he would be leaving Michigan to become the next head coach at Central Michigan University.

Central Michigan University
McElwain was announced as the 29th head football coach of the Central Michigan Chippewas on December 2, 2018. McElwain took over a CMU program that had gone 1–11 in 2018 with no wins against FBS opponents. In his first season with the Chippewas, McElwain led the team to an 8–4 record, and an appearance in the Mid American Conference Championship Game against the Miami Redhawks at Ford Field in Detroit where they lost 26–21.

McElwain was named the Mid American Conference Coach of the Year. On December 9, Central Michigan accepted an invitation to play in the New Mexico Bowl against the San Diego State Aztecs in which Central Michigan lost by a score of 48–11.

In 2020, the Chippewas played a conference-only schedule due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. CMU finished with a 3–3 record, including a win over rival Eastern Michigan.

McElwain and Central Michigan finished the 2021 season with a 9–4 record. They finished as co-champions of the MAC West division, but would lose the tie breaker to Northern Illinois, who defeated the Chippewas 39–38 earlier in the season. Central Michigan defeated Washington State in the Sun Bowl by a score of 24–21.

In the 2022 season, McElwain coached the team to a 4–8 record. After the 2022 season, McElwain agreed to a three-year contract extension.

Personal life
Jim McElwain is married to Karen McElwain, and has two daughters, Johanna and Elizabeth, and one son, Jerrett.

McElwain was radio personality Colin Cowherd's roommate in college at Eastern Washington.

When the McElwains sold their home in Gainesville, Florida, they took a loss of roughly $400,000, which led to media jokes about McElwain taking another loss at Florida. However, this transaction was ultimately a favor to another family. A previous owner of their home had designed it to be accessible to wheelchair users, and the McElwains had converted an eight-car garage into a guest wing. The purchasers, medical equipment company CEO Rick Staab and his wife Michelle, have three children, with the oldest being a wheelchair user due to dystonia, and the second-oldest less seriously affected by the same condition. The Staabs were looking for a larger home, and Rick remembered attending a fundraiser at the McElwain house and realized that it would meet his family's unique needs. The Staabs planned to turn the converted garage, which included a wheelchair lift into the main house, into an apartment for their oldest child, and felt that the home could be a long-term home for the dystonia charity they had founded more than a decade earlier. Before the McElwains had even listed their home, Rick contacted their real estate agent and made an offer. The McElwains initially considered it a lowball offer, but once they learned that it came from the Staabs, they began discussing a sale, and closed on the transaction in early 2018.

The McElwains' living arrangements at Jim's current post at Central Michigan are unique; they live in a barn a few miles from campus. Shortly after McElwain was hired, he attended a party at the home of the athletic director that was attended by many of the program's biggest donors, among them Chuck McGuirk, the namesake of CMU's basketball arena. When McGuirk asked the McElwains where they planned to live, they told him that they would like to live in a barn. Unknown to the McElwains at the time, McGuirk had purchased a farm a few miles from campus several years earlier that included a 6,000-square-foot barn, and he had thought about building living quarters on the lower level. The McElwains envisioned the barn as a meeting space for large groups in addition to a living space. When they visited the barn, they were sold on its potential, and McGuirk spearheaded the conversion of the barn into a combined home and meeting space.

Head coaching record

* Did not coach bowl game

**McElwain was fired by Florida prior to the Missouri game. Defensive coordinator Randy Shannon served as interim coach for the remainder of the season.

References

External links
 Central Michigan Chippewas bio
 Florida Gators bio

1962 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
Central Michigan Chippewas football coaches
Colorado State Rams football coaches
Eastern Washington Eagles football coaches
Eastern Washington Eagles football players
Florida Gators football coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs football coaches
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
Montana State Bobcats football coaches
Oakland Raiders coaches
Sportspeople from Missoula, Montana
Coaches of American football from Montana
Players of American football from Montana


Saint-Laurent-de-Belzagot () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Montmoreau.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Laurent-de-Céris () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Laurent-de-Cognac (, literally Saint-Laurent of Cognac; ) is a commune in the Charente department, southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Laurent-des-Combes is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Léger () is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Coteaux du Blanzacais.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Former communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (), formerly the National Swedish Environment Protection Board () is a government agency in Sweden responsible for proposing and implementing environmental policies. It was founded in 1967 and reports to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment.

Environmental Quality Objectives
The following is a summary of Sweden's Sixteen Environmental Quality Objectives (verbatim from the Agency's own website, July, 2008.):

 Reduced Climate Impact
 Clean Air
 Natural Acidification Only
 A Non-Toxic Environment
 A Protective Ozone Layer
 A Safe Radiation Environment
 Zero Eutrophication
 Flourishing Lakes and Streams
 Good-Quality Groundwater
 A Balanced Marine Environment
 Thriving Wetlands
 Sustainable Forests
 A Varied Agricultural Landscape
 A Magnificent Mountain Landscape
 A Good Built Environment
 A Rich Diversity of Plant and Animal Life

Nature photographer of the year
Each year, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency names a Swedish photographer "Nature Photographer of the Year".

References

External links
 The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Government agencies of Sweden
Environment of Sweden
Environmental protection agencies


Saint-Martial () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Martin-du-Clocher () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Mary () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Maurice-des-Lions () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Même-les-Carrières () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia