Edgar Junior Çani (born 22 July 1989) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Legnano.

Club career

Early career
Çani was born in Tirana, Albania but grew up in Città della Pieve in the Perugia central Italy, after his family emigrated to Italy in the famous exodus of the Vlora ship on 8 August 1991. He was first spotted by a Pescara scout in 2004 and started his youth career at the time. He signed his first professional contract with the biancazzurri in 2007. He played for Pescara in Serie C1 in the first half of the 2007–08 season overall 11 matches, 7 as a starter and 4 as a substitute, scoring 3 goals.

Palermo
On 31 January 2008 Serie A side Palermo confirmed to have signed Cani, along with Luca Di Matteo, for a reported €600,000 and €500,000 fee respectively. In their June 2008 accounts Palermo showed the signings as being for €450,000 each.

Çani made his Serie A debut on 27 April 2008 in a 0–0 home tie against Atalanta coming on as a substitute in the 73rd minute in place of Edinson Cavani.

Loan at Ascoli
In July 2008, Ascoli confirmed they had signed Çani on loan for the 2008–09 Serie B season. He scored 4 goals in 24 appearances, most of them as a starter. Ascoli finished the season in 16th.

Loan at Padova
On 20 August 2009 Çani was signed with fellow Serie B team Padova on loan. He made his competitive debut one day later in the opening league matchday against Modena by playing the last 17 minutes of a 1–0 home win. His first score-sheet contributions came in his second ever appearance for the club one week later, scoring the equaliser in an eventual 1–1 draw at Reggina. During the first half of the 2009–10 season, Çani was below expectations, netting only twice in 19 appearances.

Loan at Piacenza
He left Padova in January 2010 to be loaned out to another Serie B team, Piacenza, for the rest of the season. He made his debut for Piacenza by scoring two goals in a 3–1 win over Triestina. He finished his loan spell with a respectable number of 6 goals in 14 appearances.

Loan at Modena
After his loan move to Piacenza expired at the end of the season, Çani was sent out on loan again to Modena, another Serie B club, in July 2010. His debut occurred on 22 August 2010 in the matchday 1 against his former side Piacenza which finished in a 1–0 home win. Çani scored his first two goals with the team later on 13 November in the matchday 15 against Vicenza, leading the team into a 2–1 home win. This was followed by another goal one week later, but this time in a 3–2 away defeat to Torino. Çani was used mostly as a starter during the 2010–11 season, appearing in 34 league matches, including 22 as starter, collecting 1983 minutes. He also made 2 Coppa Italia appearances, scoring once in a 4–1 home win over Sorrento.

Polonia Warsaw
The following year he was sold to Polonia Warsaw. He soon got into a conflict with the club's owner, coach and team and started to look for a new team, however he decided to stay with Polonia. In the Summer of 2012 he refused to return to Poland and missed the teams pre-season training camps. After finally returning he found his opportunities limited and, after an argument with the team coach, found himself training with the youth academy team.

In total he scored 11 league goals for Polonia, with 16 of his 31 league appearances coming as a substitute. His move to Serie A side Catania was considered controversial, by the Polish media, as he was considered to be still technically a Polonia Warsaw player until 2015.

Catania and loans
Çani made his return to Serie A, signing on 22 January 2013 for Catania on a 3-year contract. He made his debut on 3 March 2013 in a 3–2 loss against Inter, coming on as a substitute in place of Gonzalo Bergessio in the 85th minute, he was booked just a minute after coming on.

Carpi
He was loaned to Serie B side Carpi F.C. on 23 July 2013. He made his debut on 11 August 2013 in a Coppa Italia - 2nd round match against Reggina, playing the full 90 minutes match in a 1–0 loss. His league debut came on 24 August 2013 in the 2013–14 Serie B opening match against Ternana, finished in the 1–0 loss with Çani playing the full 90-minutes. He scored his first goal for Carpi on 21 September 2013 against Cesena, where he came in as a 77th-minute substitute for Alessandro Sgrigna and scoring 10 minutes later. The match ended in a 4–1 defeat.

Bari
In January 2014 he was loaned to A.S. Bari until 30 June 2014. He made his debut in a 2–1 loss against Brescia on 1 February, coming on as an 84th-minute substitute for Stefano Sabelli. His first start came in a 0–0 draw against Crotone on 22 March, Çani played the full 90-minutes. /his second start came on 26 April 2014 against Padova, the game finished in a 2–1 victory but Cani was taken off in the 62nd minute for João Silva. Çani scored his first goal for Bari on 13 May 2014, scoring in the 2nd minute of a 2–1 win against previous club Carpi. On 30 May 2014 Çani scored twice in a 4–1 victory against Novara in the closing match of the regular season 2013–14 Serie B. Cani scored an equalizer in the 62nd minute, only 6 minutes after coming on as a substitute, and a second in the 74th minute. Bari finished the regular season in 7th place to qualify for the play-off promotions to Serie A where they shorted to play against Crotone for the quarter-finals.

Bari played Crotone on 3 June 2014 and won 3-0 result, with Çani playing the full 90-minutes. With this victory Bari advanced to the semi-finals, where they faced Latina in a two-legged tie. Çani scored in the first leg, a 2–2 draw played on 8 June 2014. The second-leg was played on 12 June 2014 and again resulted in a 2–2, Cani playing the full 90-minutes. With the aggregate score at 4–4 Latina advanced to the final as the higher placed team of the regular season, as they finished in 3rd place and Bari in 7th place.

Return to Catania
Çani returned to Catania ahead of 2014–15 season. He wasn't included to the team for the opening match against Virtus Lanciano, but made his first appearance of the season on 7 September by starting in the 3–2 away defeat to Pro Vercelli. He then was sent off in the matchday 7 against Frosinone on 4 October 2014. receiving a red card five minutes after coming in. Çani's first score-sheet contributions of the season came later on 25 October, where he scored the opener in the 3–1 rout against Vicenza. On 6 December 2014, he scored a goal, and provided an assist, in a 2–2 draw away at Bologna. He scored the third of the campaign two weeks later, a 6th-minute header, in a 2–2 draw against Brescia.

Leeds United
On 2 February 2015, Çani joined Leeds United on loan for the remainder of the 2014–15 season, the deal includes an option to buy. Granddi N'Goyi's number was then changed to number six with Football League approval, with Çani taking the number 10 shirt.

He made his debut, as an 85th-minute substitute, against Brentford on 7 February 2015. He was an unused substitute in the next game, against Reading.

On 18 April 2015, Cani was one of six Massimo Cellino signings (along with Mirco Antenucci, Giuseppe Bellusci, Souleymane Doukara, Dario Del Fabro, Marco Silvestri) who controversially pulled out of the squad with an 'injury' the day before a 2–1 loss against Charlton Athletic.

Pisa
On 31 August 2015, Çani confirmed his agreement with his new club Pisa of Lega Pro by signing a two-year contract. He was presented and was given squad number 9, stating that he was happy that the agreement came up after some negotiations and he will play alongside to a great coach as Gattuso.

Çani scored his first goal of the 2016–17 season in his 22nd game on 4 February 2017 against Virtus Entella as he came in as a substitute in the 68th minute for fellow Albania national team's striker Rey Manaj to score the equalizer 10 minutes later and to give his team an important 1–1 draw.

Partizani Tirana
On 4 August 2017, Çani joined Albanian Superliga side Partizani Tirana by penning a two-year contract. The transfer made him the highest paid player in Albania, with an estimated monthly fee of €20,000. He was presented three days later and was given squad number 9, last worn by Mathew Boniface, stating: I'm here to win the championship."

Çani missed the opening league match against Laçi, lost 0–2, due to knee injury, but returned on 13 September in the first round of 2017–18 Albanian Cup first round against Naftëtari Kuçovë, scoring a goal in a 6–2 away win. However, his knee injury reappeared at the end of the month, which forced the striker to travel to Italy for further examinations. In December 2017, Çani underwent knee surgery again after originally going in May of the same year. He returned on training in February of the following year, and made his first appearance in over six-month by entering in the last minutes of a 3–0 home win versus Luftëtari Gjirokastër on 10 March.

Çani scored his first Albanian Superliga goal for the team nine days later, netting with a header in the second half against Flamurtari Vlorë to seal a 1–0 win at home. Later in May, he was involved in a physical confrontation with team manager Klevis Dalipi during a training session. Partizani Tirana finished 5th in league which initially left them without European football, but following Skënderbeu Korçë exclusion by UEFA and later Court of Arbitration for Sport due to match-fixing, the team was given a spot for the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.

Following the end of the season, Çani's monthly wage was decreased down to €6,000 after a failed first season. On 7 July, he was excluded from the UEFA Europa League team, with the manager describing it as a "tactical choice". Later on 31 July, Çani begun training with the B squad after refusing to terminate the contract by mutual consent.

Vibonese
On 27 August 2018, he returned to Italy, signing with Serie C club Vibonese. His contract with Vibonese was terminated by mutual consent on 21 January 2020, he has not appeared for the club since April 2019.

Later years in Serie D
In 2022 he moved to Sassari Torres, the main club in the city of Sassari in Sardinia, playing Serie D at the time. After having been unattached for the beginning of the 2022–23 season, on 27 October he signed for Aprilia, another Serie D club. He however left Aprilia soon afterwards, then joining Legnano, another Serie D club, on 28 December 2022.

International career
In February 2011 Çani told the Albanian media that it was his dream to be part of the Albania national football team. He was called up at Albania by new appointed coach Gianni De Biasi for the match against Georgia on 29 February 2012. He debuted for Albania in this match as a starter and scored his first international goal as well, only two minutes after the kick-off and the match finished as a 2–1 loss.

2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
In the opening match of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Cyprus, Çani came on as an 81st-minute substitute for Hamdi Salihi and scored in the 84th minute after a cross from Jahmir Hyka to put Albania ahead 2–1 in a game which eventually ended in a 3–1 win for Albania. In the 3rd match of the qualifiers, against Iceland, he scored after an assist by Alban Meha, but his goal wasn't enough as Iceland went on to win 2–1.

On 26 March 2013 he scored in a 4–1 win against Lithuania in a friendly match.

Çani was left out of the squads for the final two qualifying matches, against Switzerland and Cyprus on 11 and 15 October 2013.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Following the absence of fellow strikers Armando Sadiku & Rey Manaj which were injured and unable to recover in time for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Liechtenstein on 6 October 2016 and against Spain on 9 October 2016, coach Gianni De Biasi decided to return Çani to the national team after 3 years as a replacement. He was an unused substitute for both matches.
He was called up also for the next 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Israel on 12 November 2016 as Armando Sadiku wasn't recovered yet. He played against Israel coming on as a substitute in the 79th minute in place of Elseid Hysaj playing in the front line among Bekim Balaj & Rey Manaj as Albania were down by 9 men and in 0–2 disadvantage looking to score. The match however ended in the hard 0–3 loss.

Style of play
Due to his height, Çani is renowned as a target man centre forward, with his strengths being his heading ability and ability to hold the ball up to bring his teammates into the game.

Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
. Albania score listed first, score column indicates score after each Çani's goal.

Honours

Club
Pisa
Lega Pro Runner-up and play-off winner: 2015–16

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Tirana
Albanian men's footballers
Albania men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Ekstraklasa players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
English Football League players
Kategoria Superiore players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Palermo FC players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
Calcio Padova players
Piacenza Calcio 1919 players
Modena FC 2018 players
Polonia Warsaw players
Catania FC players
AC Carpi players
SSC Bari players
Leeds United F.C. players
Pisa SC players
FK Partizani Tirana players
US Vibonese Calcio players
SEF Torres 1903 players
Albanian expatriate men's footballers
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in England


The 1883 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 40–58 record, good for seventh place in the National League.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Game log

|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 1 || May 1 || CHI || L || 4-7 || 0-1 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 2 || May 2 || CHI || L || 3-5 || 0-2 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 3 || May 3 || CHI || L || 1-10 || 0-3 || Burns
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 4 || May 5 || @CHI || W || 3-2 || 1-3 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 5 || May 7 || @CHI || W || 7-0 || 2-3 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 6 || May 9 || @CHI ||W ||17-7 || 3-3 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 7 || May 11 ||NY ||W ||12-1 || 4-3||Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 8 || May 12 ||NY  ||W ||9-5 ||5-3 || Burns
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 9 || May 15 ||PHI ||L || 3-4||5-4 || Burns
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 10 || May 16 ||PHI ||W ||11-10||6-4 || McIntyre
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 11 || May 17 ||PHI ||W ||12-6||7-4 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 12 || May 18 ||NY || L || 6-11||7-5 || Burns
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 13 || May 19 ||PRO || W || 7-5||8-5 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 14 || May 23 ||PRO || W || 6-4||9-5 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 15 || May 24 ||BOS || W || 5-1|| 10-5 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 16 || May 25 ||BOS || W || 8-3||11-5 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 17 || May 28 ||BOS || L || 4-10||11-6 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 18 || May 30 ||@NY || W || 5-2 ||12-6 || Radbourn
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 19 || May 30 ||@NY || L || 4-8||12-7 || Weidman
|- bgcolor="#ffbbbb"
| 20 || May 31 ||@NY ||L  ||1-4 ||12-8 || Weidman
|-

References

1883 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolv
1880s in Detroit


(also written as Makha Bucha Day) is a Buddhist festival celebrated on the full moon day of the third lunar month in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Sri Lanka and on the full moon day of Tabaung in Myanmar. It is the second most important Buddhist festival after Vesak; it celebrates a gathering that was held between the Buddha and 1,250 of his first disciples, which, according to tradition, preceded the custom of periodic recitation of discipline by monks. On the day, Buddhists celebrate the creation of an ideal and exemplary community, which is why it is sometimes called Saṅgha Day, the Saṅgha referring to the Buddhist community, and for some Buddhist schools this is specifically the monastic community. In Thailand, the Pāli term Māgha-pūraṇamī is also used for the celebration, meaning 'to honor on the full moon of the third lunar month'. Finally, some authors referred to the day as the Buddhist All Saints Day.

In pre-modern times, Māgha Pūjā has been celebrated by some Southeast Asian communities. But it became widely popular in the modern period, when it was instituted in Thailand by King Rama IV in the mid-19th century. From Thailand, it spread to other South and Southeast Asian countries. Presently, it is a public holiday in some of these countries. It is an occasion when Buddhists go to the temple to perform merit-making activities, such as alms giving, meditation and listening to teachings. It has been proposed in Thailand as a more spiritual alternative to the celebration of Valentine's Day.

Etymology and date
Māgha is derived from the name of the third month in the traditional Indian lunar calendar, on which the celebration is held. It is also the name of a star, which during this period is close to the full moon. Māgha Pūjā is held on the full moon day. In a leap year, the celebration will be postponed to the full moon day of the fourth lunar month.

Themes

Māgha Pūjā day marks an event occurring at the  grove, near Rājagaha (present Rajgir) in northern India, ten months after the enlightenment of the Buddha. The traditional story goes that a meeting was held in the afternoon, that had four characteristics, known as the :

 1,250 disciples came to see the Buddha that evening without being summoned; These were mostly pupils from the Buddha's recently converted disciples, such as the three , and the monks Sāriputta and Mogallāna.
 All of them were Arahants, enlightened disciples;
 All had been ordained by the Buddha himself, and therefore were his direct spiritual descendants;
 It was the full-moon day of the third lunar month.

Because of these four factors, Māgha Pūjā is also known as the Fourfold Assembly Day. On this occasion, the Buddha taught those arahants a summary of Buddhism, called the Ovādapātimokkha. In these, three principles were given:

This is followed by a formulation of Buddhist ideals:

Finally, the last stanza is about the path of religious practice:

According to the traditional Pāli commentaries, the Buddha continued to teach this summary for a period of twenty years, after which the custom was replaced by the recitation of the monastic code of discipline by the Saṅgha themselves. On Māgha Pūjā today, Buddhists celebrate the creation of an ideal and exemplary community.

Māgha Pūjā is also the day that the Buddha is believed to have announced in Vesālī that he would die (parinibbāna) in three months, and after the announcement a supernatural earthquake followed. Moreover, In Sri Lanka, it is considered the day that the Buddha appointed his two main disciples, the monks Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Apart from the religious meaning, Māgha Pūjā also reflects the Southeast Asian agricultural year, as it is celebrated after the harvest.

History

Little is known on how traditional Buddhist societies celebrated this event in pre-modern times, but Māgha Pūjā was recognized and celebrated in Lan Na, Lan Xang and Northeastern Thailand. Practices of worship probably varied a lot. The first known instance in modern times was during the reign of the Thai king Rama IV (1804–68) who instituted it as a ceremony in 1851. He reasoned that the Māgha Pūjā "... was an important gathering, a miracle in Buddhism. Wise and knowledgeable people have therefore used this opportunity to honour the Buddha and the 1,250 arahants, which is a foundation of faith and a sense of urgency". He first held it in Temple of the Emerald Buddha, in the palace only. In the evening, 31 monks from the temples Wat Bowonniwet Vihara and Wat Ratchapradit would recite the Ovādapātimokkha, lit lanterns around the ubosot (ordination hall), and give a sermon about the same Ovādapātimokkha in the Pāli and Thai languages. The King or his representative would join the yearly ceremony. A recitation text used for this occasion is attributed to Rama IV. As part of an enduring effort to centralize and regularize Thai Buddhism, Rama IV's successor Rama V (1853–1910) expanded the practice and organized it as a national celebration in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. In 1913, he officially established it as a public holiday, as he started to organize the ceremonies in other places than the palace. By 1937, the ceremony was widely held and observed in Thailand, but by 1957, it had fallen out of usage. Supreme Patriarch-to-be  helped to revive it. From Thailand, the practice spread to neighboring countries which have a majority of Theravāda Buddhists.

Celebrations and observances
Māgha Pūjā is a day that laypeople make merit. This is usually done with a motivation to improve oneself in the cycle of existence. Monastics and lay devotees will hold processions, light candles, attending preaching and making offerings of food, as well as meditating and Buddhist chants. Also, devotees will sometimes release animals from captivity. Moreover, devotees uphold and reflect on the five Buddhist moral precepts on this day, which includes avoiding intoxicants. Māgha Pūjā is celebrated most extensively in Thailand, but it is a national holiday in most Southeast Asian countries, such as Laos and Myanmar.

Thailand

In Thailand, Māgha Pūjā is designated as a national holiday, on which sale of alcohol has been strictly prohibited since 2015. On the evening of Māgha Pūjā, urban temples in Thailand hold a candlelight procession and circumambulation around the main ubosot called a wian thian (wian meaning to circle around; thian meaning candle). Furthermore, people will make merit by going to temples and by joining in with activities. Other popular ways to spend one's time in the week of Māgha Pūjā, as found in a 2019 poll by the  among 5,335 respondents of different ages:

At times, special events are also held, such as a recital of the entire Buddhist scriptures and ceremonies for avowing oneself as a Buddhist lay person. The Dhammakaya Temple is particularly known for its visually grand celebration.

In Northern Thailand, Māgha Pūjā was only introduced in the 1960s, by a monk called . It is generally given less attention than in Central Thailand, due to the influence of the Central Ecclesiastical Council being less in the North. The candle procession has only become associated with Māgha Pūjā in the 1990s. In Northern and Northeastern Thailand, Buddhist relics are usually worshiped during the Māgha period.

In 2003, a parliamentary question was raised by , House of Representatives, requesting a Day of Gratitude, to express the importance of gratitude in Thai history and culture. , the then Minister of Culture, felt this was unnecessary, since "there are quite a lot of occasions" in the Thai calendar to express gratitude. However, in 2006, the government of Thailand made an announcement that Māgha Pūjā should from then on be celebrated as a "national day of gratitude". This was intended as an alternative to Valentine's Day, in which Thai youth often aim to lose their virginity. Māgha Pūjā was therefore presented as a day of spiritual love and gratitude instead. To what extent Thai people are well informed about Māgha Pūjā is in dispute: in 2017, the National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) held a poll among 1,250 subjects of diverse backgrounds and found that 58 percent of Thai did not know why Māgha Pūjā was important in Buddhism, and 75 percent did not know it had been branded as a day of gratitude. However, the Dusit poll showed that 75 percent of the respondents was able to tell that Māgha Pūjā was the day the Buddha taught the Ovādapātimokkha to his disciples, and 66 percent knew that it was the day that 1,250 of the Buddha's disciples came together spontaneously.

Cambodia

In Cambodia, various celebrations are held during the Māgha Pūjā day. Ceremonies are held at Preah Reach Trop Mountain, for example, which are joined by 30,000 to 50,000 people, as of 2019; as well as alms offerings on Oudong Hill, which are joined yearly by thousands of people. On the day, devotees make merit, cook meals for elderly people or their parents, and clean up their houses. Since the late 2010s, the day has become more popular among youth, and more pagodas are organizing ceremonies. In May 2019, the Cambodian Ministry of Information proposed a ban of advertising of alcohol on Māgha Pūjā and Vesak. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Ministry of Cults and Religion have promoted activities on the day, and education for youths about it. However, in August 2019, local media reported the Cambodian government removed Māgha Pūjā from the list of national holidays to increase the country's competitiveness, because the number of holidays had become too high.

Myanmar (Burma)
In Myanmar, Māgha Pūjā () is observed on the full moon day of Tabaung, the final month of the Burmese calendar. Furthermore, tradition has it that a king of Ukkalapa completed the building of the Shwedagon Pagoda and enshrined the hair of the Buddha in it on this day. Fifteen days before this full moon day, the Shwedagon Pagoda Festival is held, on which a ceremony is held for offerings to the 28 Buddhas (from Taṇhaṅkara to Gotama Buddha), followed by a 10-day continuous recital of Buddhist texts. Burmese devotees make merits and meditate during this period, and in Mandalay and the North, sand pagodas are made in honor of the Buddha. Other pagoda festivals are held in this period, including the Shwe Settaw Pagoda Festival in the Magwe Region's Minbu Township and the Alaungdaw Kathapa Pagoda Festival, near the Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park in the Sagaing Region. The Botahtaung Pagoda and the Sule Pagoda are also much visited. Furthermore, the Kyaiktiyo Pagoda is very popular, and thousands of candles are lit around the boulder below the pagoda.

Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, Māgha Pūjā is also observed. In the evening, a procession (Sinhala language: perahera) with approximately 5,000 people and many elephants is held, called Gangarama Navam. This tradition started in Sri Lanka in the 1980s, and lasts for two days. Monks walk in the procession as well, chanting paritta texts. Dancers from multiple religious traditions perform during the walk.

Other regions
Chinese communities celebrate a similar festival. In addition, Māgha Pūjā has become a popular event among Buddhist converts in the West, who consider it a day of exchanging gifts.

See also
Visakha Puja
Asalha Puja
Chotrul Duchen, a festival celebrated in Tibet as an Uposatha day and falls on around the same day as Māgha Pūjā
First Full Moon Festival, a festival celebrated in China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam as an Uposatha day and to mark the end of the Lunar New Year, falling on or around the same day as Māgha Pūjā
Lantern Festival, in China and Taiwan
Daeboreum, in Korea
Koshōgatsu, in Japan
Tết Nguyên tiêu, in Vietnam

Notes

Citations

References

External links
 Overview of Māgha Pūjā's themes, with a video presentation
 Makha Bucha Day, information about festivals in Thailand, archived from the original on 7 July 2018
 Celebration of Māgha Pūjā Day, hosted on Beliefnet, archived from the original on 28 April 2018

Buddhist festivals in Myanmar
Buddhist festivals in Laos
Buddhist festivals in Cambodia
Buddhist festivals in Thailand
Public holidays in Sri Lanka
Public holidays in Thailand
Religious festivals in Cambodia
Observances held on the full moon
Buddhist festivals in Sri Lanka
Observances set by the Burmese calendar
Public holidays in Myanmar


Admiral Sir William Domett, GCB (1752 – 19 May 1828) was a senior officer of the British Royal Navy who saw extensive service during the American Revolutionary, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Throughout his career, Domett was under the patronage of Alexander Hood, later Lord Bridport. During his service Domett was appointed as flag captain by several admirals, and saw action numerous times in this capacity, including seven years in command of . He went on to be First Naval Lord and then Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth during the closing stages of the Napoleonic Wars. Later in life, ill-health forced early retirement and Domett retired to his country estate in Hawkchurch, Devon, close to Lord Bridport's estates.

Early career
Little is known of Domett's birth or upbring, although it is thought he was born in the Hawkchurch, Devon region in 1752. The first solid record of him available was in 1769, when he joined the Navy and appears on the muster books of , under the patronage of Captain Alexander Hood. Domett spent the next five and a half years in the Mediterranean Sea, leaving Quebec in 1772 and joining . In 1775, Domett was briefly attached to  before joining  on the Newfoundland Station at the start of the American Revolutionary War.

At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, Domett was in Surprise when she was at the relief of the Siege of Quebec. As reward for his service in this operations, Admiral John Montagu promoted Domett to lieutenant aboard . Less than a year later, Montagu returned to Britain and brought Domett with him, seconding him to Hood's service. Serving aboard Hood's ship , Domett was in action at the First Battle of Ushant in 1778. He held the rank of lieutenant from 27 December 1778.

Three years later, Domett was still aboard Robust, and in her took part in the Battle of Cape Henry. A few months later, Domett had moved to , under Captain Charles Saxton, and was engaged at the Battle of the Chesapeake. Following this action, Domett was again taken from his side to be the aide of an admiral, Admiral Sir Samuel Hood. Domett acted as his signal lieutenant in  and in this capacity participated at the Battle of St. Kitts and the Battle of the Saintes. For his services in these actions, Domett became first lieutenant and when, a few months later, Barfleur captured four enemy ships in an action, Domett was given command of the small prize brig Ceres, which he safely brought back to Britain. On his return, Domett was made a post captain.

As a captain, Domett was immediately requested by Alexander Hood to be his flag captain in . On board this ship Domett saw out the war, joining Lord Howe's fleet which relieved the Great Siege of Gibraltar and later fought at the Battle of Cape Spartel. The end of the war saw Domett, with many other officers, unemployed and on half-pay.

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Domett's close ties with the Hood family meant that he had good connections, and so in 1786, Domett was given the 24-gun  at Leith. Several years later, Domett moved to  and conducted a year long cruise down the coast of West Africa and through the West Indies. On his return, Domett was requested by Admiral Mark Milbanke for service in Newfoundland on  but in 1790 Domett was back in Britain as Hood's captain on  during the Spanish armament. When this emergency died down, Domett took command of  and then later he took command of HMS Romney, a ship he had served aboard as a lieutenant, before returning to Hood's service as captain of  in 1803 at the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars.

Royal George was second flagship of the Channel Fleet, and Lord Howe its overall commander. In 1794, Lord Howe embarked on the Atlantic campaign of May 1794, which ended in the Glorious First of June, at which Domett and Royal George were heavily engaged and the ship badly damaged. Domett remained in command when Hood became Viscount Bridport and served under him again the following year at the Battle of Groix. Domett did not leave Royal George until 1800, the seven years he spent in command being a record in the Channel Fleet at the time.

When Lord St Vincent took command of the Channel Fleet, Domett was initially sceptical of his new commander, but the two soon developed a close working partnership and Domett even retained the flag captaincy over the claims of Sir Thomas Troubridge. When St Vincent stepped down a year later, his replacement Admiral Hyde Parker initially transferred Domett to  but later changed his mind and made Domett his flag captain on HMS London for the expedition to Copenhagen.

At the Battle of Copenhagen, Domett disagreed with Parker's tactical plan and persuaded him to change it, resulting in the attack by Nelson at which the Danish fleet was destroyed. Parker did not credit Domett in the dispatch to the Admiralty and Domett was furious, writing an angry letter to Lord Bridport on the matter. When Nelson replaced Parker, he retained Domett again and when he in turn was replaced by Admiral William Cornwallis, Domett was again flag captain, aboard .

Retirement
The Peace of Amiens saw Domett briefly on the Irish station before rejoining Cornwallis at the outbreak of hostilities. On 23 April 1804, Domett was made a rear-admiral but refused a seagoing commission due to a sudden deterioration of his health. Instead, he served as one of the commissioners for revising the civil affairs of the navy. Domett was rapidly promoted during the next eight years but was unable to rejoin the fleet at sea, his health remaining too weak for the strain of such service. Instead, Domett joined the Board of Admiralty in May 1808 and continued to serve in an administrative capacity, his frequent bouts of ill-health making service of any kind difficult. He became First Naval Lord in the Liverpool ministry in March 1812. Promoted to vice-admiral on 25 October 1809, he retired from the Admiralty Board in October 1813 and became Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth but he resigned fifteen months later due to a recurring foot injury which had rendered him lame.

Domett was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 2 January 1815, promoted to full admiral on 12 August 1819 and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 16 May 1820. Domett settled on his estate in Hawkchurch, Devon near the home of Lord Bridport, who had died in 1814. He never married and had no children, but was highly esteemed in the service as a consummate sailor and brave fighter whose extremely long and dedicated sea service had earned him an excellent reputation in the Navy. He died suddenly in 1828 and was buried in the local church.

References

Sources

|-

1752 births
1828 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Lords of the Admiralty
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath


Lento is a composition for orchestra written by Howard Skempton in 1990. It was Skempton's third work for large forces, and his first major success.

The piece was commissioned by the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Skempton was to write a piece to be performed between the Prelude from Richard Wagner's Parsifal and a Deryck Cooke completion of Gustav Mahler's Tenth Symphony. Skempton initially set out to compose three short pieces to be played in sequence, but afterwards decided on a single large piece. Lento was completed in November 1990; it was premiered on 12 March 1991 by the BBC Symphony Orchestra at the Barbican Centre concert hall, conducted by Mark Wigglesworth.

The work is scored for 3 flutes, 3 oboes, cor anglais, clarinet, 3 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings. The instrumentation is the same as that of Wagner's Parsifal prelude, although Skempton's use of instruments is very different. Most of Lento is scored for strings alone, and although there's a central section scored for woodwinds, instruments other than strings are generally used to highlight various aspects of the music. The piece comprises 166 bars, but the single orchestral tutti occupies only eight. Timpani are used only twice, both times to produce a G trill.

Like much of Skempton's work, Lento uses precomposed chance arranged sequences of chords as the basic harmonic material. There are ten sections, and the melodic material is restricted for the most part to just two themes. The opening section presents the "first subject" and establishes the tonic key of G minor. This material is repeated three more times as sections 5, 7 and 10. The second section, which the composer refers to as the "lyrical second subject", is repeated only once as section 9. The tempo (quarter note = 52) is kept constant throughout the piece. Note values are restricted to mostly half notes and quarter notes.

The piece was very well received; a number of scholarly articles were written about it. Lento was described as "the emancipation of the consonance" by musicologist Hermann-Christoph Müller.

References
 Lento at the Oxford University Press website
 Keith Potter. Howard Skempton: Some Clues for a Post-Experimental "Movement", The Musical Times, cxxxii (1991), pp. 126–30.

Notes

1990 compositions
Compositions by Howard Skempton
Compositions for symphony orchestra


Ten ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Mutine (the feminine form of the  French name "Mutin", meaning "mutinous" or "joker"):

HMS Mutine was a 14-gun cutter, previously the French ship Mutin.  and  captured her on 2 October 1779. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Mutine. She was renamed HMS Pigmy in 1798 and was wrecked in 1805.
 was a 12-gun brig in service in 1795.
 was an 18-gun brig-sloop captured from the French in 1797.  She was sold in 1803.
 was an 18-gun  launched in 1806 and sold in 1819.
 was a 6-gun  launched in 1825 that became a Post Office Packet Service packet, sailing out of Falmouth, Cornwall, in 1826. She was sold into civilian service in 1841 as a whaler, being renamed Aladdin. The Tasmanian Government purchased her in 1885 to use as a powder hulk. She was broken up at Hobart in 1902.
 was a 12-gun brig launched in 1844 and wrecked in 1848.
 was a  sloop launched in 1859 and sold in 1870.
 was a  launched in 1880 and used as a boom defence vessel in 1899.  She was renamed HMS Azov in 1904 and was sold in 1921.
 was a  launched in 1900.  She was used as a survey vessel from 1907 and as a Royal Naval Reserve drill ship from 1925.  She was sold in 1932.
 was an  launched in 1942 and sold in 1966.

Citations

Royal Navy ship names


The 1884 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 28–84 record, finishing in last place in the National League.

Offseason
 January 1884: Milt Scott was purchased by the Wolverines from the Fort Wayne Hoosiers.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Notes

References
1884 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolv
1880s in Detroit


Frozen Stupid is a 2008 comedy television film starring Ernest Borgnine, Joey Albright, and Kimberly Norris, with Michelle Mountain, Randall Godwin, and Will David Young.
The film was directed, written, and produced by Richard Brauer.

Plot
On a snowy Saturday, in a Midwestern winter landscape ( Houghton Lake, Michigan ), Tony Norgard (Joey Albright) desperately wants to go ice fishing. But he is pressured to attend his mother-in-law's birthday party on the same day. To resolve the dilemma, Tony pretends to be sick and stays in bed. While his little white lie allows him the chance for a secret outing, it comes with a heavy price. Through the day, misfortune seems to meet him at every turn. When he meets up with his dad Frank (Ernest Borgnine), things get worse. Tony's lie seems to have put a curse on what should otherwise have been a simple day of fishing for everyone. Unaware of the charade, Tony's wife Lila (Michelle Mountain) happily goes about her day, sorry that her husband is at home, sick in bed, missing a great weekend of family fun. Tony befriends the spirited and very independent Stormy, (Kimberly Norris), a beautiful, yet rugged ice fisher woman. Stormy becomes one of the many unusual characters Tony meets in this frozen lake community of anglers. Through it all, even Tony is dwarfed by the magnitude of his compounding troubles. But he is an optimistic man and in his own way tries to put the best spin on the mess he has created. With hopeful confidence, Lila somehow manages to see past his ice-fishing antics. She remembers the honorable man she married, and armed with large amounts of grace, remains supportive. This comedy tells the tale of a cantankerous father and his bumbling but well-meaning son who share a joyous obsession for the age-old art of ice fishing.

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20080124162611/http://www.brauer.com/pages/prod/cinema/frozenstupid/fs_nw.html

2008 television films
2008 films
2000s buddy comedy films
American buddy comedy films
American comedy television films
Films about fishing
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Anubias gracilis is a plant that was first mentioned in 1920 by Chevalier and thereafter validly described by Hutchinson and Dalziel in 1936.

Distribution
West Africa: Sierra Leone and Guinea.

Description
Its long-stalked medium-green leaves are spade-shaped and may grow to  in length.

Cultivation
This plant grows best when only partially submersed and when not crowded by other plants. It requires a lot of nutrients, a loose, iron-rich substrate, and moderate-to-strong light. It prefers a temperature range of 22-26 degrees C (72-79 degrees F). It can be propagated by dividing the rhizome.

References

gracilis
Aquatic plants
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Plants described in 1936


Peter Gerald Stewart Murray  Hon. FRIBA (born 6 April 1944) is a British writer and commentator on architecture and the built environment. He is currently Chairman of New London Architecture and the London Society, in addition to being Master of the Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects. He is a keen cyclist and campaigner for cycling issues.

Education
Murray studied at the RWA School of Architecture and the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, in the 1960s.

Career
Murray was editor of Building Design and then the RIBA Journal. In 1983, he launched Blueprint magazine with Deyan Sudjic; this was followed by Eye, the international review of graphic design and Tate magazine for the Tate Gallery. He has worked on major projects around the world including Broadgate in the UK, Taipei 101, Taiwan, Union Square in Hong Kong, Avant Seine in Paris and Hudson Yards and One World Trade Center in New York City. In 2004, Murray launched the first London Architecture Biennale (now the London Festival of Architecture) in Clerkenwell.

He is chairman of New London Architecture: the centre for London's built environment and President of Wordsearch, a consultancy explaining and promoting architecture, planning and the built environment.

A prolific author, his works include The Saga of Sydney Opera House, "A passion to build" and "Architecture and Commerce."

Murray was made a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1989 and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1999. He is a member of the Academy of Urbanism, a board member of the Center for Active Design and of the Association of Architectural Organisations.

Murray was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to leadership in the arts, architecture, city planning, design and publication and to charity.

Appointments
He is Chairman of the London Society, Deputy Chairman of the Bedford Park Society, a member of the Construction Industry Cycling Commission and of the Mayor's Design Advisory Group. He is on the board of developer Be First, an urban regeneration company wholly owned by Barking and Dagenham Council.

Charity work
In 2005, Murray started the Cycle to Cannes charity bike ride. In 2013, he took part in a 6000 km cycle ride for charity from Portland, Oregon to Portland Place, London researching the implementation of cycling strategies in US cities.

References

External links
 http://www.newlondonarchitecture.org

1944 births
British male journalists
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Alumni of the Architectural Association School of Architecture
Officers of the Order of the British Empire


The 1885 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 41–67 record, finishing in sixth place in the National League.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Notable transactions
 June 15, 1885: Jim Keenan was purchased by the Wolverines from the Indianapolis Hoosiers.
 June 25, 1885: Milt Scott was purchased from the Wolverines by the Pittsburgh Alleghenys.
 July 1, 1885: Jim Keenan jumped from the Wolverines to the Cincinnati Red Stockings.

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Notes

References
1885 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolv
1880s in Detroit


Scissurella bountyensis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Scissurellidae.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off the Bounty Islands, New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Geiger D.L. (2012) Monograph of the little slit shells. Volume 1. Introduction, Scissurellidae. pp. 1-728. Volume 2. Anatomidae, Larocheidae, Depressizonidae, Sutilizonidae, Temnocinclidae. pp. 729–1291. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs Number 7

Scissurellidae
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1933


Rattus is a Finnish hardcore punk band that was formed in 1978 in Vilppula. They split up in 1988 but returned in 2001.

Members
Current
V-P - drums
Jopo - guitar, vocals
Tomppa - bass

Former members
Jake - guitar, vocals
Annikki - vocals

Discography

Albums
 WC räjähtää, 1982 (the Toilet Explodes)
 Uskonto on vaara, 1984 (Religion Is a Danger)
 Stolen Life, 1987
 Rattus, 2005
 Uudet piikit, 2007 (New Thorns)
 Turta, 2014

EPs
 Fucking Disco, 1981
 Rattus on rautaa, 1981 (Rattus Rocks)
 Rajoitettu ydinsota, 1982 (Limited Nuclear War)
 Ihmiset on sairaita, 1985 (People Are Sick)

Singles
 "Khomeini Rock", 1980
 "Win or Die", 1988

Collections
 Rattus, 1983, released in U.S. (BCT) and Great Britain
 Levytykset 1981-1984, 1993 (Recordings 1981-1984)
 Täältä tullaan kuolema, 1996 (Here We Come Death)
 30th Anniversary of Rattus, 2007 in Malesia (Black Konflik Records)

References

External links

Musical groups established in 1978
Finnish hardcore punk groups


Ketchup is a sauce, commonly tomato based, used as a condiment.

Ketchup may also refer to:

Other varieties of ketchup
Banana ketchup
Curry ketchup
Fruit ketchup
Mushroom ketchup
Sweet soy sauce ("sweet ketchup") or other soy sauces

Entertainment
Ketchup: Cats Who Cook, a Japanese animated television series 1998–1999
"Ketchup" (Adventure Time), a television episode
Las Ketchup, a Spanish girl group
Ketchup, a 2013 mixtape by Mustard
Ketchup Eusebio, a Filipino actor, television host, comedian and singer
Red Ketchup, a Canadian graphic novel
Sektor, nicknamed "Ketchup", a character in the Mortal Kombat video game series

See also
:Category:Condiments

Catch Up (disambiguation)
SketchUp, a 3D modelling software


Don Camilo Carlos Adolfo Ruspoli y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, dei Principi Ruspoli (5 June 1904 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and first wife Doña María del Carmen Caro y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Gomurcio.

He was 4th Duke of Sueca Grandee of Spain First Class, 4th Duke of Alcudia Grandee of Spain First Class with a Coat of Arms of de Godoy and 18th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain First Class with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón, 6th Marquis of Boadilla del Monte with a Coat of Arms of Ruspoli after the death of his second cousin Paolo Ruspoli, 5th Marquis of Boadilla del Monte in 1969. And Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

He died on the same day as Francisco Franco.

Marriage and children
On 7 October 1931 he married, in San Sebastián, Doña María de Belén Morenés y Arteaga, García-Alesson y Echagüe, 18th Countess of Bañares (San Sebastián, 18 August 1906 – Madrid, 30 April 1999), daughter of Don Luis Morenés y García-Alesson, de Toro y Pardo de Rivadeneyra, 14th Marquess of Campoo, 6th Marquess of Bassecourt and wife Doña María de las Mercedes de Arteaga-Silva y Echaguë-Méndez de Vigo, 18th Marchioness of Argüeso,  and 17th Countess of Bañares, of the Dukes of the Infantado, and had three sons:

 Carlos Ruspoli, 5th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca
 Luis Ruspoli, 7th Marquis of Boadilla del Monte
 Enrique Jaime Ruspoli, 19th Count of Bañares

See also
 Ruspoli

References
 Affonso, Domingos de Araújo and Valdez, Rui Dique Travassos, Livro de Oiro da Nobreza (3 volumes), Volume 1, p. 491-98, Lisbon, 1938
 Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles, various (periodical publication)

External links

 Camilo Carlos Adolfo Ruspoli y Caro on a genealogical site

1904 births
1975 deaths
Italian nobility
104
104
Marquesses of Boadilla del Monte
Counts of Chinchón
Camilo
Grandees of Spain
People from Madrid


A Marine Corps Officer Selection Officer (OSO) leads a team of Marines and civilian employees in the recruitment of college students and graduates for a Commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps.

Responsibilities
An OSO is responsible for the oversight of all functions of the Officer Selection Team.  It is their responsibility to ensure that all students who have the desire to be Marine Corps Officers are physically and mentally prepared for the rigors of the Officer Candidate School (OCS).

Programs
The OSO has many different programs to offer to university students.  All training is paid and takes place in Quantico, Virginia at the OCS.  The programs are the Platoon Leaders Course (PLC) or the Officer Candidate Course (OCC).

The course enrollment is then further broken down into 3 different career choices:
 Air (Pilot or Naval Flight Officer)
 Law
 Ground

All training is paid and many universities accept OCS transcripts for college credit hours

Basic requirements for all programs:

US citizenship (No dual citizenship)
College grade point average of 2.0 or higher
ACT score of 22 higher, or SAT score of 1000 or higher
ASVAB score of 74 or higher
Physically fit and able to pass a military medical exam
Letters of Recommendation

Officer Candidate Course
More commonly referred to as OCC, is reserved for recent grads, seniors anticipating graduation, or those that have been in the civilian work force for a period of time.  OCC is an opportunity for college graduates to gain leadership skills and worldly experience while earning a salary.

SeniorA college senior is eligible to enroll in OCC with the intent to attend after graduation.

GraduatesA college grad is eligible to attend the OCC as soon as they desire.  OCC classes are offered three times a year.

Platoon Leaders Course
More commonly referred to as PLC, can be attended by sophomores, juniors and in some cases seniors.

Freshman and SophomoreA freshman or sophomore attending the PLC would train during the summer immediately following selection as well as the summer before their senior year.  Each training cycle is 6 weeks long and consists of leadership training, classroom instruction, land navigation, physical fitness, team building skills, decision making skills and general Marine Corps history and traditions.  At the completion of each cycle the student would then be considered a Candidate.  A Candidate is a student that has attended at least one evolution of training at OCS.  At the completion of all required training and their senior year these candidates have the option of accepting their commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Marine Corps.

JuniorA junior attending the PLC would train during the summer before their senior year.  This would be a 10-week course at OCS.  The training would cover all the same as the (2) six week courses offered to freshmen and sophomores.  At the completion the 10 weeks and their senior year these candidates have the option of accepting their commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Marine Corps.

SeniorIn some cases seniors are eligible to attend the PLC.  These seniors are those that will not graduate until December yet would like to do the training prior to graduation such as the case in OCC.  These students will attend the 10-week course then return to finish school and be eligible for commission upon graduation.

References

Military ranks of the United States Marine Corps
Selection of military officers


The Naval Defence Act 1889 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent on 31 May 1889 and formally adopted the "two-power standard" and increased the United Kingdom's naval strength. The standard called for the Royal Navy to maintain a number of battleships at least equal to the combined strength of the next two largest navies in the world, which then were France and Russia. An extra £20 million over the following four years were provided for ten new battleships, thirty-eight new cruisers, eighteen new torpedo boats and four new fast gunboats. The two-power standard was maintained until disarmament began during the interwar period.

Background
It was passed under the government of Lord Salisbury and facilitated spending £21,500,000 over five years toward fleet expansion. Initially, Parliament opposed the increase in naval expenditures for several reasons.

Expert naval opinions presented to Parliament in December 1888 and February 1889 rendered critical views on the state of the navy. The buildup of the French and Russian navies was another factor pointing to purported British weakness. As a result, public support for proposed naval growth grew and placed further pressure on Parliament to support the act.

In reality, the two-power standard had been informally used over the past seventy years and during the 1850s, Britain had briefly met it. Britain already enjoyed international naval superiority. The Act reasserted the standard by its formal adoption and signalled an ambition to improve British naval supremacy to an even higher level.

Naval expansion
The expansion came in the form of ten battleships, forty-two cruisers and eighteen torpedo gunboats. The battleships were the centrepiece of the legislation. Eight first-class battleships – seven of the Royal Sovereign class along with a half-sister, HMS Hood – and two second-class battleships, HMS Centurion and HMS Barfleur were ordered. The Royal Sovereign class was the most formidable capital ship of its day, fulfilling the role of a larger and faster battleship unmatched by those of Russia and France. The cruisers were aimed at protecting British supply lines.

Nine first-class cruisers of the Edgar class, twenty-nine second-class cruisers of the Apollo and Astraea classes and four third-class cruisers of the Pearl class were provided. The other eighteen torpedo gunboats served to support and protect the main battle fleet.

Rationale
The primary rationales were military and economic. The First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord George Hamilton, argued that the size and scope of the new building programme would deter the naval ambitions of other powers. By deterring other powers’ naval growth at present, the British would be able to spend less on shipbuilding in the future.

The large and quickly-generated funds voted by Parliament and guaranteed over a five-year period offered immediate economic incentives as well. Previous shipbuilding efforts had been halted due to an insufficient annual allowance. Without the funds to complete the warships, production took longer and cost more. By financing the expansion over a five-year period, residual balances from one year could be transferred over to the next, allowing production to continue uninterrupted, at greatly reduced costs. That also aimed for the British completion of her warships more quickly than its rival powers. In theory, the scope and the speed of production would not only cut costs but also deter other powers from hoping to match British production.

Aftermath
In practice, there was a limited economic success but failed as a deterrent. The financing of the warships over five years allowed production to continue uninterrupted with low cost overruns and limited delays. A coinciding demand for merchant vessels, built in the same private shipyards as some of the warships, led to minimal increases in the cost of labour and material. Lord George Hamilton's hopes of reducing future naval expenditures however, were dashed as the increased British production was soon matched by France and Russia. While Britain had completed 10 battleships and had another 3 either under construction or projected, the French and Russians had begun the construction of a combined 12 battleships, with another 3 projected. Another British expansion, known as the Spencer Programme, followed in 1894 aimed to match foreign naval growth at a cost of over £31 million. Instead of deterring the naval expansion of foreign powers, the act probably contributed to a naval arms race. Other powers including Germany and the United States bolstered their navies in the following years as Britain continued to increase its own naval expenditures.

See also
 History of the Royal Navy

References

Sources
 Lambert, Nicholas A. Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution, (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002), 3-4, 29-30.
 Marder, Arthur. The anatomy of British sea power : a history of British naval policy in the pre-dreadnought era, 1880-1905 (1976) ch 8
 Parkinson, Roger. The Late Victorian Navy: the Pre-Dreadnought Era and the Origins of the First World War, (Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2008)
 James Levy, review of The Late Victorian Navy, by Roger Parkinson, Journal of Military History, January 2008, 293-294.

External links
 British Naval Policy 1890-1920
 Royal Navy Website: Maintaining Naval Supremacy 1815-1914

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1889
19th-century history of the Royal Navy
1889 in military history
May 1889 events
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom military law
British defence policymaking
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury


This list of University of Notre Dame athletes includes graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Notre Dame who are notable for their achievements within athletics, sometimes before or after their time at Notre Dame. Other alumni can be found in the list of University of Notre Dame alumni.

Although Notre Dame is highly ranked academically, it has also been called a "jock school" as it has produced a large number of athletes.  Intercollegiate sports teams at Notre Dame are called the "Fighting Irish". Notre Dame offers 13 varsity sports for both men and women: Men's American Football, Men's Baseball, Men's and Women's Basketball, Men's and Women's Cross Country, Men's and Women's Fencing, Men's and Women's Golf, Men's Ice Hockey, Men's and Women's Lacrosse, Women's Rowing, Men's and Women's Soccer, Women's Softball, Men's and Women's Swimming and Diving, Men's and Women's Tennis, Men's and Women's Track and Field, and Women's Volleyball. Approximately 400 students have gone on to play professional American football in the National Football League, the American Football League, or the All-America Football Conference, with many others going to play other sports professionally. Some athletes have also participated in the Olympic Games.

American football

Nate Silver, football quarterback

Baseball

Basketball

 Bonzie Colson (born 1996), player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League

Ice hockey

Olympians

Nick Itkin (born 1999), Olympic bronze medalist fencer, junior world champion, 2x NCAA champion for Notre Dame.

Soccer

Track and field

Other

References

External links
 University of Notre Dame official website
 Notre Dame Fighting Irish Athletic website

University of Notre Dame athletes
Notre Dame athletes
Athletes


Caours (; Picard: Cœu) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Caours is situated some  northeast of Abbeville, on the D482 road heading towards Saint-Riquier.

Population

History

Stone-age archaeology
The fluvial deposits of the Somme around Caours have been well known to archaeologists in the latter part of the 20th  century, are remains of a time when climate was more temperate. The last interglacial, once known under the name of Riss-Würm, was between 130,000 and 115,000 years ago. The area has produced the remains of mammals of this Paleolithic era, notably antlers and bone. A joint research programme by the INRAP and the CNRS in 2005, has produced interesting results about Neandertal man.

The theory that once explained the disappearance of the Neandertals, the inability to adapt to climatic change has suddenly been put into perspective by the site of Caours.

See also
 Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Nambikwara (also called Nambiquara and Southern Nambiquara, to distinguish it from Mamaindê) is an indigenous language spoken by the Nambikwara, who reside on federal reserves covering approximately 50,000 square kilometres of land in Mato Grosso and neighbouring parts of Rondonia in Brazil. Due to the fact that the Nambikwara language has such a high proportion of speakers (and, one can infer, a high rate of transmission), and the fact that the community has a positive attitude towards the language, it is not considered to be endangered despite the fact that its speakers constitute a small minority of the Brazilian population. For these reasons, UNESCO instead classifies Nambikwara as vulnerable.

History
According to David Price (1983), a reference to the Nambikwara people was made as early as 1671 in a report by Padre Gonçalo de Veras. However, in another account from the Povos Indígenas do Brasil, the Nambikwara people are said to have been first contacted in 1770, when the Portuguese, in search of gold, began building a road between Forte Bragança and Vila Bela. Further contact was established when in 1907, Colonel Candido Mariano da Silva Rondon began exploring the territories inhabited by the Nambikwara, and established a telegraph line between 1909 and 1915.

In the early to mid 1900s, the Nambikwara were also contacted by missionaries from the United States and from throughout Brazil. One group of missionaries, known as the New Tribes Mission, were killed by the Nambikwara in 1950 supposedly in an act of revenge. However, not all contact with missionaries resulted in death. In 1962, the “first systematic studies of the Nambikwara languages” were carried out, specifically for the Mamaindê language. Since the 1930s, Mamaindê speakers were also taught the bible as it was translated into their language by some missionaries, and some were convinced to join schools and learn Portuguese. According to David Price while there had been a long history of Christian education for the Mamaindê speakers, many of them could not actually be considered Christian believers and simply spoke of their experiences with the missionaries as “learning about white people’s way of life”.

In 1968, then president of Brazil Costa e Silva created the first reserve for the Nambikwara people with the aim of “transfer[ing] all of the Nambikwara groups to the single reserve [to] free up the rest of the region for farming initiatives”. Unfortunately, the reserve that the Nambikwara were transferred to contained inefficient soil, and the lands originally inhabited by them with the most efficient soil were all sold off to farming companies by the late 1960s. The construction of a highway between Cuiabá and Porto Velho also decreased the size of the Nambikwara territory even further. At present, many of the original 30 groups of Nambikwara people are extinct, and the remaining people reside in the nine territories of the Nambiquara territory: “Vale do Guaporé, Pirineus de Souza, Nambikwara, Lagoa dos Brincos, Taihãntesu, Pequizal, Sararé, Tirecatinga and Tubarão-Latundê”.

Background
The Nambikwara language family can be divided into three major groups: Sabanê, Northern Nambikwara (Mamaindê), and Southern Nambikwara (or just Nambikwara). Sabanê is spoken by the Nambikwara inhabiting the northern part of their demarcated territory, north of the Iquê river. Sabanê speakers were most affected by epidemics brought by contact with missionaries, and many of them had died because of those epidemics. However, today many of the remaining Sabanê speakers live with Mamaindê speakers or in Vilhena city.

Northern Nambikwara is spoken by groups of Nambikwara along the Roosevelt and Tenente Marques rivers. Northern Nambikwara is further divided into seven mutually intelligible dialects spoken by the Da’wandê, Da’wendêm Âlpimentê, Yâlãkuntê (Latundê), Yalakalorê, Mamaindê, and Negarotê people. Lastly, Southern Nambikwara is spoken by the rest of the Nambikwara people, with four regional dialects spread across the Juruena valley, the region along the Galera and Guaporé rivers, and the region along the Sararé valley. Unlike Northern Nambikwara, Southern Nambikwara dialects are not mutually intelligible.

Attempts to describe Southern Nambikwara have been made since at least the early 20th century, often in the form of vocabulary lists. In his 1978 paper “The Nambiquara Linguistic Family” David Price discusses several vocabulary lists published between 1910 and 1960, including those compiled by Levi-Strauss (1948), Rondon (1948), and Roquette-Pinto (1913). Price insists that early vocabulary lists are largely inadequate, and often contain mistranslations, because many of them were compiled by individuals with no formal linguistics training (1978). Further, Price argues that these early publications do not reflect the “phonological realit(ies)” of the Nambikwara language, because these researchers tended to assume that sounds that were contrastive in their native languages were also contrastive in Nambiquara.

Since the 1960s, more sophisticated and complete descriptions of Nambikwara have been published, including descriptions of Nambikwara phonology, morphophonemics, syntax and semantics. Price himself published a paper in 1976 called “Southern Nambiquara Phonology”, which lists the speech sounds found in Nambikwara and discusses stress and length in the language. An earlier paper by Barbara Kroeker (1972) also describes Nambikwara phonology, and devotes more attention to the phonological processes that occur in the language and the morphological restrictions on Nambiquara sound patterns. A detailed description of the Nambikwara grammar comes from Menno Kroeker’s (2001) paper “A Descriptive Grammar of Nambiquara”, which was published by the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Kroeker’s descriptions are based on the several hundred pages of data he gathered while living among the Nambikwara people, and focuses primarily on the language’s syntax and semantics. Specifically, he describes Nambikwra parts of speech, word order, tense, aspect, mood, voice, clause structures, and noun incorporation. Kroeker (2001) also briefly outlines Nambikwara phonology, providing a list of phonemes and a discussion of syllable structure, tone, length, and stress. Ivan Lowe has also published descriptive grammars of Nambikwara through the Summer Institute of Linguistics. No pedagogical grammar of the language is currently available.

Phonology

Vowels

Adapted from Kroeker (2001)

Consonants

Adapted from Kroeker (2001) and Lowe (1999)

 is shown in parentheses because according to Kroeker (2001), it appears only in loanwords or following the diphthong . In addition to the segments shown above, Nambikwara also has [bm], which appears following the diphthong /ãu/, [ŋ], which appears before a velar stop and after a nasal vowel, [gŋ], which appears before a velar stop and after an oral vowel, and , which is an allophone of  that appears following front vowels.  Kroeker notes the existence of the voiced alveolar implosive , but argues that it is falling out of use.

Tones
Southern Nambikwara is a tonal language with three tones: a falling tone marked with a superscript "1," a rising tone marked "2," and a low tone marked "3." Examples:
 ˈhot³su² 'monkey'
 ˈḛ³rhʔu² 'cashew'
 ˈʔwḭ̃¹su² 'toad'

Morphology

Verbs
Nambikwara has main verbs and subordinate verbs. Main verbs contain suffixes that indicate mood (indicative or imperative), person-number, and aspect. Indicative main verbs have additional suffixes which indicate tense-evidentiality.

Indicative Main Verbs
Indicative main verbs in Nambikwara are either declarative or dubitative. Declarative sentences are used when the speaker does not doubt the information being given, and dubitative sentences are used when there is some doubt about the information being given. Indicative verbs are inflected to represent subject person, subject number, speaker number, aspect, and tense in the following ways:

Adapted from Lowe (1999).

As indicated in the table, there are three subject persons in Nambikwara. The first person subject and the third person subject can either be singular or non-singular (which covers both dual and plural counts), whereas the second person subject can be counted as singular, dual, or plural. Additionally, a distinction is made between the inclusive and exclusive forms of first-person non-singular subjects.

Unlike English, Nambikwara also distinguishes between three different levels of past: recent past, mid past, and remote past. Furthermore, they are also inflected to represent evidentiality: whether the statement was based on observational, inferential, quotative, and what Lowe refers to as “internal support newness”. Observational statements are based on what the speaker has seen, inferential statements are based on one might assume from observing a simultaneous action or a set of actions that may resulted from a previous one, quotative statements are based on what the speakers has heard from another person or people, and internal support statements are based on their “gut feelings”.  The following table displays the suffixes used for indicative verbs:

Adapted from Lowe (1999).

In the following example sentences (1) and (2) from Lowe (1999), one can see how the use of a specific suffix helps the hearer distinguish whether the statement being given is observational or quotative:

{| class="wikitable";
! style="border: none" | (2)
! colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;" | wa3kon3
! style="font-weight: bold;" | -ta1
! style="font-weight: bold;" | -hẽ1
! style="font-weight: bold;" | -ra2
|-
|
| colspan="2" |
|
|
|
|-
|
| colspan="5" | He worked.' (I was told, in the past)''
|}

Imperative Main Verbs
Imperative main verbs in Nambikwara contain suffixes to reflect speaker number (singular, plural), subject person-number (singular, dual, plural), and aspect (perfective, imperfective). Imperative verbs are further divided into three positive verb forms and one negative verb form. The positive verb forms are used to describe “an action to be done in the immediate future, […] and an action to be done in the more distant future”.

Pronouns
Nambikwara has seven different kinds of pronouns: personal, possessive, indefinite, demonstrative, reflexive, reciprocal, and interrogative.

The table above shows the personal pronouns in Nambikwara as described by Lowe. The category of personal pronouns is divided into suffix and free pronouns; suffix pronouns are further divided into subject pronouns, object pronouns, and copula pronouns.  Personal pronouns mark for person and number. Additionally, third person singular pronouns mark for gender (feminine or masculine), and 1st person non-singular distinguishes between inclusive and exclusive (Ibid). 2nd person pronouns distinguish between singular, dual and plural, while first and third person only mark singular or non-singular number.

Possessive pronouns in Nambikwara mark person but not number or gender. They attach to the noun that they possess as prefixes. The possessive pronouns, according to Kroeker, are as follows:

tʔa2 – First person possessive
wʔa2 – Second person possessive
a2 – Third person possessive
tʔa2wã1  - First and second person possessive

There are two indefinite pronouns, both of which are free.  The two forms are ĩ2l3te2a2, which glosses to “anyone”, and ã1thũn3te2a2, which glosses to “someone” (Ibid). The demonstrative pronoun is –ai2li2, and it attaches to the noun as a suffix. Kroeker (2001) provides this example:

The reflexive and reciprocal pronouns each have one form, which are –nha1 and -nyhuh1, respectively. Here is an example of the reflexive pronoun from Kroeker (2001):

Finally, interrogative pronouns are free and appear at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. The interrogative pronouns, as reported by Kroeker, are shown below:

Nouns
Noun roots in Nambikwara typically end in a vowel or the consonant n, t, or h. Classifiers indicating things such as the shape of the referent are suffixed to the root. Some examples include the property of being stick-like (kat3) or powder-like (nũn3). Definiteness (indefinite, definite, or conditional) and causality are also reflected by the use of suffixes. Definite nouns also use additional suffixes to indicate “demonstrativeness, spatio-temporality, evidentiality, and causality”.  Sources of evidentiality inflected in definite nouns include observational, inferential, and quotative. However, Lowe (1999)  states that there are few corpus examples of the simultaneous use of time and evidentiality suffixes in definite nouns. In the following sentence examples from Lowe (1999), one can see how suffixes are used to distinguish between a bone-like manioc root that was seen recently, and one that was seen in the past:

 Syntax
 Subject and Object Marking

Nambikwara does not distinguish between subject and object forms in noun stems in both transitive and intransitive sentences and uses an active-stative system for case marking. However, when it is necessary to mention the subject of a sentence, personal pronoun free forms can be used. This only occurs when “a new participant is introduced, or when there would be too much confusion if [it] were omitted”. Nambikwara also makes use of different subject and object suffixes that must “refer anaphorically to the real person/object that is either alluded to or given overtly in the subject/object of the clause” and are divided into first, second, and third person. Additionally, some suffixes will be further divided into dual and combined forms or plural and combined forms, but only one of those forms can be affixed to a verb. According to Kroeker (2001), the dual form is used following singular forms, and the plural form is also used following singular forms. The following tables (adapted from Kroeker 2001) lists the personal pronoun free forms and bound object and subject suffixes that can be used in Nambikwara.

The following sentences are taken from Kroeker (2001) and show the different uses of the multiple forms of “you” and “us” in the object position:

One important thing to note on subject suffix marking is that the suffix -sĩn1 must always be used “when someone is spokesperson for a group in conveying information”. This is because although they are speaking on their own, they are acting on behalf of the interests of a larger group.

 Semantics
 Tense and Evidentiality

In Nambikwara, verbs are divided into two major types: indicative and imperative Indicative verbs are obligatorily marked for tense. Nambikwara distinguishes between five tenses: remote past, mid past, recent past, present, and future Remote past is used to refer to any event that occurred before the speaker’s life time, while mid past is used when discussing an event that happened after the speaker was born but before the day of the utterance, and recent past is used when talking about an event that occurred on the same day as the utterance. Present tense is used when discussing an event that is currently happening, and the future tense is used when discussing any event that has not yet begun happening. Tense is indicated by a suffix attaching to the verb, with the exception of the present tense, which is unmarked

Verbs inflected for any tense other than the future must also be marked for evidentiality. There are two types of evidentiality suffixes: verification markers and orientation markers. Both types are realized differently depending on the tense with which they are used, and neither of them occur with the future tense. There are two types of verification suffixes: individual, which indicates that only the speaker witnessed or heard about the event, and collective, which indicates that both the speaker and the addressee(s) saw or heard about the event. Orientation suffixes indicate the source of the information, and are divided into four types. Observation suffixes indicate that the speaker witnessed the event that they are describing occur. Deductive or inferential suffixes suggest that the speaker did not witness the event, but inferred that it happened based on evidence that they did observe. Customary suffixes indicate that the speaker believes the event happened because things always happen that way. Finally, narration or quotative suffixes indicate that the speaker obtained this information from someone else, and is now quoting or paraphrasing. As Lowe (1999) notes, sometimes speakers employ the present tense and the verification suffix that indicates that both the speaker and addressee witnessed the event when describing past events that neither party witnessed. This is a story telling device, used to make the event that the speaker is describing sound more interesting and believable.

Neither Kroeker (2001) nor Lowe (1999) provide a complete list of the tense and evidentiality markers of Nambikwara. According to both, the future tense marker is –tu1, though Kroeker (2001) asserts that when the verb is negated, the future marker becomes –lho3. Lowe (1999) also gives the following chart, which shows some verbal evidentiality and tense suffixes for verbs that convey new information.

Nambikwara has two aspects: the perfective, -la2, and the imperfective, -wa2. Which aspect suffix attaches to the verb depends on the tense of the verb. The perfective suffix attaches to verbs whose tense is one of three past tenses, the negative future tense, and if the verb is a stative in any form other than the first person present. The imperfective suffix attaches to verbs that are marked with the present tense, positive future tense, or that are statives in the first person and present tense.

When a sentence in Nambikwara contains a subordinate clause, the verb of the subordinate clause is not marked for tense or evidentiality. If the tense and evidentiality of the subordinate verb is the same as it is for the main verb, these markers simply attach to the main verb and are left out of the subordinate clause. When the subordinate verb does not take tense or evidentiality markers unless this is required to avoid ambiguity.

Auxiliary verbs in Nambikwara appear following the main verb. When a construction contains an auxiliary verb, the tense and evidentiality suffixes will attach to the auxiliary verb instead of to the main verb. In cases where the person or tense changes from the main verb to the auxiliary verb, the construction must be rephrased.

In interrogative and imperative sentences, the tense markers are replaced by question markers and a different complex of suffixes, respectively. Nambikwara has four types of imperative verbs: three positive imperatives, and one negative. The three positive imperatives distinguish between two types of future; one type of positive imperative indicates that the action is to be performed in the immediate future, while the other two suggest that the event must be performed in the more distant future.

In Nambikwara, verb phrases are conjoined by replacing the tense and evidentiality suffixes on the verbs with a coordination suffix (namely, -i2), and moving the suffix string indicating tense and evidentiality to the end of the coordination, so that it applies to both conjuncts. Lowe (1999) provides this example:

Tense in Nambikwara impacts parts of speech aside from verbs. Adverbs with a temporal stem, for instance must be marked with a temporal suffix that matches the tense of the corresponding verb.

 Examples in Nambikwara

 English  Nambikwara Blood     TihayauswuBone       SusuBreast     NunkiDeath      YaluDog         WayaliEar          NenenEye          YenaFire          Han'ieairawaFull          Nek'ihHand        HikiHear         InsanewihHorn         Ne'tauI                T'ailiKnee         Sukw'alaulenLeaf           WaihnanaitantaLouse        KanihneName         I'nliNew           WununtsunalaNight         Kan'ahtiNose         WanenOne           KanakiSee            InnSkin          WannluStar           HikataSun           UxenakiTongue     Yo'heluTooth        WiTree          HisakatTwo          HaliWater       Innyaus'nuWho         NannuwaYou          Wannina'''

References

Nambikwaran languages


Greg Paterson (born 16 September 1989) is a Scottish professional football player who is currently without a club, having last played for Stirling Albion.

Career
Paterson signed for Dunfermline Athletic from Rangers Youth team in 2005. He made 3 appearances for the First Division side although for the 2009–10 season he was number two choice behind loanee keeper Greg Fleming for the most part.

Following injuries to both Greg Fleming and then Emergency loan-signing Chris Smith, Paterson made his first start for the Pars against Inverness. on 19 December 2009 managing a clean sheet in bad playing conditions. Despite his clean sheet, Paterson was dropped for the following game against Stenhousemuir to allow the return of Greg Fleming to the starting 11. Paterson broke into the team late in the 2009–10 season, first appearing against Queen of the South on 27 March 2010 although a double leg fracture was to end Paterson's season during the following match at home to Dundee on 30 March 2010.

On 16 June 2011 Paterson signed for Scottish Second Division team Forfar Athletic.

He signed for junior side Linlithgow Rose in August 2012 on a 2-year deal. After one year with Linlithgow, Paterson returned to the senior leagues with East Fife. Paterson signed for Scottish League One side Stirling Albion in June 2014 on a year-long contract, however he left the club in March 2015 shortly before the side was relegated to League Two.

References

External links

Living people
1989 births
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
East Fife F.C. players
Linlithgow Rose F.C. players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Stirling Albion F.C. players


Nabil Kassel (born March 10, 1984) is an Algerian boxer best known to win the middleweight gold at the 2007 All-Africa Games. The family name is Kassel, Algerians generally write this first (Kassel Nabil).

Career
Kassel participated at the Olympics 2004 at the age of 19 but lost to southpaw Andre Dirrell by RSC-2. He qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 2nd AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Gaborone, Botswana. In the final he defeated Tunisia's Mohamed Sahraoui.

He won the 2005 African Championships, and was a member of the team that competed for Africa at the 2005 Boxing World Cup in Moscow, Russia.
.

At the Arab Championships 2007 he lost to Mohammed Hikal.

At the All-African Games he beat Hikal 17:15 in the first round and won.

He later qualified for the Olympics. At the qualifier he lost again to veteran Hikal but beat Daniel Shishia for the third spot. At the Olympics he lost to Darren Sutherland.

External links
yahoo data
2005 African Championships
Africa Games 2007
Qualifier 2008

1984 births
Living people
Middleweight boxers
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Algeria
Algerian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Algeria
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2003 All-Africa Games
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
21st-century Algerian people


The 1888 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 68–63 record, finishing in fifth place in the National League. After the season, the ownership, having lost so much money on the team, disbanded the team and sold off the players.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1888 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolverines
1880s in Detroit


Herbert G. Chambers (born November 24, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman, owner and president of The Herb Chambers Companies, a group of 60 car dealerships in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area.  In 2015, at the age of 74, he was named as one of the 400 richest Americans, ranking number 392, with an estimated $1.8 billion, by Forbes magazine.

Early life and career
Chambers was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts and was the son of a commercial artist and a homemaker. He grew up in a two-family home owned by his maternal grandmother. At the age of 13, Chambers' mother started charging him $15 per week rent and this was when he started working at the Stop & Shop supermarket in the neighborhood. He did very well at the market, earning promotions and raises, but his school work at English High School of Boston suffered. He ended up dropping out of high school in his senior year.

In 1959, Chambers was out of school and looking for a purpose in life, so he ended up joining the United States Navy as an aviation electrician. After four years in the service and acquiring the rank of Petty Officer Second Class - E-5, he returned home and started working at a South End bar that was owned by his mother. He worked for two months before being fired by his mother due to a scheduling mix-up.

After the Navy, Chambers began working as a copy machine repairman in Cambridge, Massachusetts for $75 a week, plus commission on any service contracts he could sell. By the time he was 22, he had started his own copier distribution company called A-Copy America, with money borrowed from his parents, in Hartford, Connecticut. The copier business was changing from a leasing model to a sales model due to the new low-cost copier models from companies like Minolta, Canon, and Sharp and Chambers started selling copiers along with copy supplies. His business soon became the world's largest Minolta and Canon dealers with 1,400 employees in 36 offices.

In 1983, Chambers sold the A-Copy business to Alco Standard Corporation for a reported $80 million and he continued to work with the company for another two years.

Chambers started his automotive business after purchasing an Oldsmobile-Cadillac dealership in New London, Connecticut in 1985. His decision to purchase the business was based on his own poor buying experience at the dealership. As Chambers improved the operations of this first car dealership, he started the Herb Chambers Companies.

In May 2017, Chambers was awarded the New England Motor Press Association Executive of the Year Award for his outstanding contributions to the automotive industry.

Exotic car collector
In 2007, The Boston Globe carried an article and photo gallery highlighting Chambers' car collection. His collection of rare automobiles includes the McLaren F1, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Ferrari Daytona coupé and spyder, Enzo Ferrari, LaFerrari, 2006 Ford GT, 2008 Bugatti Veyron, Porsche 959 Supercar, 2006 Porsche Carrera GT, 2015 Porsche 918 Spyder, 2019 Ford GT Carbon Series, 1959 Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz Convertible, Ford Model B (1932) and a 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL that was raced in the 1983 Cannonball Run.

In August 2017, Chambers sold his 1995 McLaren F1 for a record $15.62 million at a Bonhams car auction held in Carmel, California.

When asked what car in his collection was his favorite, Chambers stated the 1972 Ferrari Daytona Spider that he owned in the early 1980s was his personal favorite.

Personal life
Chambers lives in Old Lyme, Connecticut, and commutes to his Somerville, Massachusetts headquarters by private helicopter each Monday morning.  During his flying commute, he often stops at one of his dealerships along the way for meetings. Along with a seven-passenger Bell 429 GlobalRanger helicopter, Chambers also owns a private jet and a string of yachts purchased over the years.

In May 2016, Chambers was awarded an honorary doctorate in business administration from the University of New Haven.

In 2016, Chambers helped to lead the effort to bring the Boston Police Department's mounted police unit back after it was disbanded in 2009 due to budget cuts. He donated $100,000 of the $1.5 million needed.

References

External links
 Official website

1941 births
Living people
Massachusetts automobile salespeople
American billionaires
American car collectors
English High School of Boston alumni
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
United States Navy sailors


Sir Henry Victor Alpin MacKinnon Raikes KBE (19 January 1901 – 18 April 1986) was a British Conservative politician.

Raikes was the son of  Henry St. John Digby Raikes, eldest son of Henry Cecil Raikes. His mother was Annie Lucinda (née Mackinnon). Educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, he unsuccessfully contested Ilkeston in 1924 and 1929 before being elected for South East Essex in 1931. During World War II he served as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force.

In 1945 Raikes was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Wavertree. In 1950, 1951, and 1955 he was elected for  Liverpool Garston. He left office in 1957 and was replaced by Richard Martin Bingham in a by-election.

References

Sources
Times Guide to the House of Commons

External links

1901 births
1986 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People educated at Westminster School, London
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Liverpool constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for South East Essex


Deals on Wheels is a British television series originally shown on UK TV Channel 4, and later on the Discovery Channel, fronted by Mike Brewer (born 28 August 1964) (age 58) and Richard Sutton.

The original run of the series was between 1997 and 2001, with five seasons. For season 1, the show was set in a fictional garage. Season 2 was set in a different garage, but for seasons 3 and 4, the show was set in an alley garage, sited off a fictional street. Sutton left the show in 2000, leaving Brewer to continue. The series was cancelled in 2001 to make way for Wheeler Dealers, also with Brewer.

External links

1997 British television series debuts
2001 British television series endings
Automotive television series