Scotland was one of the earliest modern footballing nations, with Glasgow club Queen's Park early pioneers of the game throughout the UK. More clubs formed in Scotland, resulting in the commencement of the first major competition in 1873, the Scottish Cup, then the founding of the Scottish Football League in 1890. With the official sanctioning of professionalism, the Old Firm of Celtic and Rangers became dominant in Scotland, and remain so, although other clubs have enjoyed brief periods of success too.

The first officially recognized international football match took place between Scotland and England in 1872. Over time, Scotland began to play regularly against the other home nations too, and then on a yearly basis with the establishment of the British Home Championship in 1883. Scotland didn't compete against a nation from outside the British Isles until 1929 when they played Norway in Bergen, following which they began to contest regular friendly matches against other European sides. Scotland first competed in a major tournament when they qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. They have qualified for a further seven World Cups since, although have exited at the group stage each time. Scotland have also qualified three times for the UEFA European Championships, in 1992, 1996 and the COVID-19 delayed 2020 tournament; failing to progress past the group stage each time.

The Scottish Football Association (SFA) were prominent in the administration of football since the early days of the game, and in 1882 agreed with the other home-nation associations on a uniform set of rules. They continue to play a role in this, with the SFA currently forming part of the International Football Association Board along with each of the other home-nation associations and four representatives from FIFA.

History
The game started to become popular in Scotland following the development in London in 1863 of the first ever rules of association football, established by The Football Association. Scottish football clubs started to be formed towards the end of the 1860s and 1870s, notably Queen's Park who were early pioneers of the game throughout the UK. The first officially recognised international football match took place in 1872 between Scotland and England at the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground in Glasgow. The Scottish Football Association was formed in 1873, and the first official competition in Scotland commenced that same year, the Scottish Cup. The game in Scotland progressed further with the founding of the Scottish Football League in 1890, and the official sanctioning of professionalism in 1893.

Queens Park's insistence on remaining amateur saw their early prominence in Scottish football fade, and the Old Firm of Celtic and Rangers became the dominant clubs. Celtic won six successive league titles during the first decade of the 20th century, during which time they also became the first club to win the league and Scottish Cup in the same season (the "double"). They also won four successive titles the following decade. In the inter-war years, Rangers won 14 of the 20 league titles competed for, and a few years after the end of the Second World War were the first club to win all three major domestic competitions in the same season in Scotland (the "treble"). Both Old Firm clubs have since won nine successive league titles; Celtic from 1966 to 1974 and then again from 2012 to 2020, and Rangers from 1989 to 1997. Rangers have won the league championship a total of 55 times, a joint world record. Other clubs have enjoyed brief periods of success: Heart of Midlothian and Hibernian during the late 1940s and 1950s and Aberdeen, and to a lesser extent Dundee United, in the early 1980s.

Following the first international in 1872 between Scotland and England, over the next 50 years the national side played exclusively against the other three Home Nations – England, Wales and Ireland. The British Home Championship was established in 1883, making these games competitive. Scotland won the first ever championship, and won outright on ten occasions up to the First World War and shared the title on a further 6 times with at least one other team. Scotland played their first match outside the British Isles in 1929, beating Norway 7–3 in Bergen. Scotland then contested regular friendly matches against European opposition and enjoyed wins against Germany and France before losing to the Austrian "Wunderteam" and Italy in 1931.

Scotland took part in their first major international tournament when they qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup in Switzerland, and then again in 1958 for the World Cup in Sweden, failing to progress from the first round in both tournaments. After a barren spell in the 1960s, Scotland qualified for the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany, where the team was unbeaten but failed to progress due to inferior goal difference. The national side also qualified for the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina, amidst unprecedented publicity and optimism. They failed to win either of their first two games, and a win over the Netherlands wasn't enough to prevent another first round exit. The national side qualified for the next three World Cups in 1982, 1986 and 1990, but also exited at the first round in each. Scotland qualified for the finals of UEFA European Championship for the first time in 1992, and repeated the feat for the 1996 Euros in England. A further major tournament was reached when they took part in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France, but then went over 20 years without qualifying for a major tournament. Scotland finally ended this barren run when they qualified for the COVID-19 delayed Euro 2020 tournament.

The Scottish Football Association (SFA) were prominent in the administration of football since the early days of the game. In 1882 they met up with other home-nation associations and agreed on a uniform set of rules for football. The home-nation associations went on to form the International Football Association Board (IFAB) to approve any changes to the rules. It was a proposal by the SFA that led to the offside rule being changed in 1925, where a player would now be onside if a minimum of two (instead of three) opposing players are between him and the goal line. IFAB continues to meet twice a year, once to decide on possible changes to the rules governing football and once to deliberate on its internal affairs. The organisation is now made up of representatives from the SFA, the other three home-nation associations, and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Each home-nation association has one vote and FIFA has four. IFAB deliberations must be approved by three-quarters of the vote, which translates to at least six votes. Thus, FIFA's approval is necessary for any IFAB decision, but FIFA alone cannot change the Laws of the Game – they need to be agreed by at least two of the home-nation members. As of 2016, all members must be present for a binding vote to proceed.

Pre-1860

1824
The first documented club in the world dedicated to football, Foot-Ball Club, is formed in Edinburgh.

1860s

1867
Scotland's oldest club in continuous existence and longest established club Queen's Park is formed.
Queen's Park compile "The Rules of the Field", a set of rules based on the common Association rules of the time, but with notable changes to the offside rule.

1868
Queen's Park play their first match against another club, the newly formed Glasgow-based team Thistle.

1870s

1870

The first representative match is played between England and Scotland, although this is not considered to be an official international match.
In the absence of an organising body for football in Scotland, Queen's Park join the English Football Association.

1872
Queen's Park become the first ever Scottish football team to participate in official competition when they play in the 1871–72 FA Cup semi-final against Wanderers, the match ends goalless. Queen's, however, can not afford to extend their stay long enough for the tie to be replayed and are forced to withdraw.
Rangers are formed in March. In May, Rangers play their first ever match, a friendly against Callander, drawing 0-0, played at Fleshers' Haugh (now known as Glasgow Green).
Scotland and England draw 0–0, played at the West of Scotland Cricket Club. This is recognised by FIFA as the first official international match.

1873
The Scottish Football Association (SFA) is formed.
The first Scottish Cup competition begins.

1874
Queen's Park defeat Clydesdale 2–0 to win the inaugural Scottish Cup.

1876
Scotland defeat Wales 4–0 in the first international between the two countries.

1877
Vale of Leven win the Scottish Cup for the first time after beating Rangers 3–2 in a second replay – thereby becoming the first team other than Queen's Park to win the trophy.

1880s

1881

Dr. John Smith becomes the first player to score a hat-trick in a Scottish Cup Final, netting all three of Queen's Park's goals in a 3–1 win over Dumbarton. The final is a replay after the first match was won 2–1 by Queen's Park but declared void due to a protest from Dumbarton.
Andrew Watson wins his first cap for Scotland, becoming what is widely considered to be the world's first black person to play football at international level.
The first known women's match to be played under football association rules takes place at Easter Road. A team representing Scotland beat England 3–0, with Lily St Clare becoming the first ever recorded female goalscorer.

1882
The Scottish Football Association, the Football Association (England), the Football Association of Wales and the Irish Football Association meet on 6 December and agree on one uniform set of rules for football. They also establish the International Football Association Board (IFAB) to approve changes to the rules (a task that they still perform to this day).

1883
Dumbarton win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Vale of Leven 2–1 in the 1883 Scottish Cup Final.

1884
The British Home Championship (also known as the Home International Championship) becomes an annual competition contested between the UK's four national teams, Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. Scotland go on to win the first championship after winning all three of their matches.
Scotland defeat Ireland 5–0 in Belfast in the first international between the two countries.
Queen's Park reach the 1884 FA Cup Final, but lose 2–1 against Blackburn Rovers.

1885
Renton win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Vale of Leven 3–1 in the 1885 Scottish Cup Final.
Arbroath defeat Bon Accord 36–0 in the first round of the Scottish Cup, a record scoreline in a major competition in British football. Jock Petrie scores 13 goals in the game, the highest number of goals by a player in a single game in competitive British football.

1886
The Scottish Junior Football Association is formed. The term "junior" refers to the level of football played, not the age of the players.
The first Scottish Junior Cup competition begins.

1887
Hibernian win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Dumbarton 2–1 in the 1887 Scottish Cup Final.
The SFA instructs all its member clubs to withdraw from the FA Cup and to cease any further participation in that competition.
Fairfield Govan defeat Edinburgh Woodburn 3–1 in the first Scottish Junior Cup final.

1888
Renton defeat West Bromwich Albion 4–1 in a challenge match between the holders of the FA Cup and Scottish Cup. The winners are declared "Champions of the United Kingdom and the World".
Celtic play their first ever match, a friendly against Rangers, winning 5–2.

1889
Third Lanark win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 2–1 in the 1889 Scottish Cup Final.

1890s

1890
The Scottish Football League is formed.

1891
Dumbarton and Rangers share the inaugural Scottish league championship after both finish with 29 points and a play-off match is drawn.
Heart of Midlothian win the Scottish Cup for the first time after beating Dumbarton 1–0 in the final.

1892
Celtic win the Scottish Cup for the first time after beating Queen's Park 5–1 in a replayed final.

1893
Celtic win the league title for the first time.
Professionalism is formally approved by the SFA.
The Highland Football League is founded by employees of the Highland Railway Company.

1894
Rangers win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 3–1 in the first cup final between the two teams who would become known as the Old Firm.
Celtic build the first ever press box at a football stadium in Britain, located high up on the main stand at Celtic Park.

1895
Heart of Midlothian win the league title for the first time.
St Bernard's win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Renton 2–1 in the final.

1896
The Scotland national team decides to select England-based players for the first time to improve their chances of winning the 1895–96 British Home Championship fixture against England, holding a selection trial between their 'Home' and 'Anglo' players Scotland win the match and the championship, and the trial becomes an annual event for the next 30 years.
Hearts defeat Hibernian in the first Edinburgh derby Scottish Cup final, and the only one to be held outside Glasgow.

1899
Rangers win the league title after winning all 18 of their league matches for a perfect season.

1900s

1902

25 people are killed and 517 are injured after a stand collapses at Ibrox Park during a British Home Championship match between Scotland and England.

1903
Hibernian win the league title for the first time.

1904
Third Lanark win the league title for the first time.
Jimmy Quinn scores a hat-trick as Celtic win the 1904 Scottish Cup Final 3–2 against Rangers.

1905
Celtic and Rangers finish the league level on 41 points, and a play-off at Hampden Park is arranged to decide the championship. Celtic win 2–1, clinching the first of what transpired to be six successive league titles.

1907
Celtic win both the league title and the Scottish Cup in the same season, becoming the first club to win the double in Scotland.

1909
The Scottish Cup is withheld by the SFA after a riot in the final replay between Celtic and Rangers.
The Scottish Amateur Football Association (SAFA), the organising body for amateur football across Scotland, is formed.

1910s

1910
Dundee win the Scottish Cup for the first time after beating Clyde 2–1 in the twice-replayed final.
The SFA joins the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the international governing body for association football.

1913
Falkirk beat Raith Rovers 2–0 in the final of the Scottish Cup to win the trophy for the first time.

1914
Thirteen players from Heart of Midlothian sign-up en-masse with the McCrae's Battalion to fight in the First World War, in addition to their three players who had earlier enlisted in the services.

1917
Celtic complete a 62 match unbeaten run, a record in British football that stood for over 100 years.

1920s

1920
The SFA, along with the other three home-nation associations, withdraw from FIFA, primarily due to issues over playing ex-enemy countries from the First World War.

1921
Goal average is brought in by the Scottish League to separate teams tied on the same number of points.

1922
Morton win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Rangers 1–0 in the final.
Falkirk sign Syd Puddefoot from West Ham United for a transfer fee of £5,000 – a world record at the time.

1924
Airdrieonians win the Scottish Cup for the first (and only) time, defeating Hibernian 2–0 in the final.
The SFA and the three other home-nation associations rejoin FIFA.

1925
Following a proposal by the SFA, the offside rule is changed: a player is now onside if a minimum of two (instead of three) opposing players are between him and the goal line.

1926
St Mirren win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 2–0 in the final.

1928
Scotland defeat England 5–1 at Wembley, during which Alex Jackson scores the first ever hat-trick at Wembley. The Scotland team become popularly known as the Wembley Wizards.
The SFA, along with the other three home-nation associations, once again withdraw from FIFA, due to the home nations reluctance to cede ultimate authority on football matters to FIFA.

1929
Scotland play against opposition outside of England, Wales and Ireland for the first time, defeating Norway 7–3 in Bergen.

1930s

1931
Celtic goalkeeper John Thomson dies after suffering a fractured skull after an accidental on-pitch collision with Rangers striker Sam English during a match at Ibrox Park. A reported 30,000 mourners attend his funeral in Fife.

1932
Motherwell win the league title for the first time.
Willie MacFadyen scores 52 league goals for Motherwell, a record goals total for a single season in Scottish League history.

1934
Aberdeen's Pittodrie Stadium becomes the first football ground to feature a dugout, a sunken, sheltered area for note taking.

1937
The Scotland v England match at Hampden Park is attended by 149,415, a European record.
The 1937 Scottish Cup Final between Celtic and Aberdeen is attended by 147,365, a world record for a national cup final.
Jimmy McGrory retires from playing football. He scored 550 goals in competitive matches for Celtic, Clydebank, Scotland and the Scottish League XI. He remains the highest goalscorer in British football.

1939
Rangers defeat Celtic 2–1 in front of a crowd of 118,567 at Ibrox, a record attendance for a league match in Britain.
Competitive football is suspended due to the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe, during the early stages of the 1939–40 season.

1940s

1944
Scotland's 3–2 defeat at Hampden Park in the wartime international against England is watched by 133,000 fans, the largest attendance at any match in Britain during wartime.

1946
Official competitive football resumes after the Second World War.
The SFA, along with the other three home-nation associations, rejoin FIFA, paving the way for Scotland to play in World Cup matches.

1947
Rangers win the first League Cup, as they defeat Aberdeen 4–0 at Hampden Park to win the 1946–47 competition.
Hampden Park hosts a friendly match between a UK representative team and a Rest of the World XI. The game is dubbed "Match of the Century", with the UK winning 6–1 in front of 135,000 spectators. The gate receipts of £35,000 are donated to FIFA to help assist with the financial losses incurred as a result of the Second World War.
East Fife are the second winners of the League Cup, after defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the replayed final of the 1947–48 competition.

1948
The Great Britain Olympic football team, managed by Matt Busby, finish in fourth place at the 1948 Olympics football tournament in London. The squad includes five Scots, all from Queens Park (one of whom is goalkeeper Ronnie Simpson, who will go on to play in Celtic's 1967 European Cup Final winning team).

1949
Rangers win the league title, League Cup and the Scottish Cup in season 1948–49, thereby becoming the first club to win the domestic treble in Scotland.

1950s

1950
Scotland qualify for the 1950 FIFA World Cup by finishing second in the 1949–50 British Home Championship (which had doubled up as a qualifying group), but the SFA reject the offer of a place in the World Cup finals because they had not won the tournament.
Motherwell win the League Cup for the first time after a 3–0 win over Hibernian in the final.

1951
Dundee win the League Cup for the first time after defeating Rangers 3–2 in the final.
Petershill beat Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Cup final. The attendance of 77,650 is a record for the competition.
Jamaican born Gil Heron signs for Celtic, and becomes the first black footballer to play professionally in Scotland.
The first match played under modern floodlights in Scotland takes place, a friendly at Ochilview Park between Stenhousemuir and Hibernian.

1953
 Celtic win the Coronation Cup, defeating Hibernian 2–0 in the final.

1954
After qualifying for the World Cup, Scotland are knocked-out after a 1–0 defeat by Austria and a 7–0 defeat by Uruguay. Andy Beattie, appointed manager for the World Cup campaign, is Scotland's first manager but resigns after the loss to Austria.
Bill Struth stands down as manager of Rangers after 34 years in the role, having won 18 league titles. He is succeeded by Scot Symon.
Heart of Midlothian win the League Cup for the first time, as they defeat Motherwell 4–2 in the final.
The SFA joins the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the administrative body for association football in Europe.

1955
The 1955 Scottish Cup Final between Celtic and Clyde is the first final in Scotland to be televised live, and ends in a 1–1 draw. Clyde win the replay 1–0.
Aberdeen win the league title for the first time.
Hibernian become the first British club to participate in European competition. They go on to reach the semi-final of the inaugural European Cup, where they were knocked out by Stade Reims.
Aberdeen win the League Cup for the first time, defeating St Mirren 2–1 in the final.

1956
The first Scottish league match played under floodlights takes place, between Rangers and Queen of the South at Ibrox.
Celtic win the League Cup for the first time, after a 3–0 win over Partick Thistle in the replayed final.

1957
Scotland qualify for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, after finishing top of their qualifying group.
Celtic defeat Rangers 7–1 in the League Cup final, a record scoreline in a major cup final in British football.

1958
Heart of Midlothian score a record 132 goals, while conceding only 29, in winning the Scottish league championship.
Jimmy Murray scores Scotland's first ever goal in a World Cup finals match.
Scotland are eliminated from the 1958 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken one point from three games.

1960s

1960
Rangers reach the semi-final of the European Cup, where they are knocked out by Eintracht Frankfurt.
Hampden Park hosts the 1960 European Cup Final between Real Madrid and Eintracht Frankfurt. Real win 7–3 in one of the best known European finals, and regarded by many observers as one of the greatest matches of all time. The crowd of 134,000 is a record for a European final.

1961
Rangers lose 4–1 on aggregate to ACF Fiorentina in the final of the inaugural European Cup Winners' Cup.
Dunfermline Athletic under manager Jock Stein reach the final of the Scottish Cup for the first time and win the trophy beating Celtic 2–0 in a replay after a 0–0 draw.

1962
Dundee win the league title for the first time.

1963
Dundee reach the semi-final of the European Cup, losing on aggregate to AC Milan.

1964
Celtic reach the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup, where they lose 4–3 on aggregate to MTK Budapest.
Rangers win the domestic treble.

1965
Kilmarnock win the league title for the first time, defeating Heart of Midlothian 2–0 on the final day of the season to win the league on goal average ahead of Heart of Midlothian.

1966
The Scottish Football League authorise the use of substitutes in competitive games. Archie Gemmill of St Mirren becomes the first substitute in Scotland, coming for the injured Jim Clunie in a League Cup tie against Clyde.

1967

Berwick Rangers defeat Rangers 1–0 in the first round of the Scottish Cup, one of the biggest all-time shocks in the Cup, and described by Rangers' captain John Greig as "probably the worst result in the history of our club".
Scotland defeat 1966 FIFA World Cup winners England 3–2 at Wembley.
Celtic win the European Cup, defeating Inter Milan 2–1 in the 1967 European Cup Final. Celtic also win the domestic treble for their first time.
Rangers reach the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, but lose 1–0 after extra time against Bayern Munich.
Third Lanark go out of business after becoming bankrupt.

1968
Rangers sign Colin Stein from Hibernian for a then Scottish record transfer fee of £100,000.

1969
Celtic win the domestic treble.

1970s

1970
Celtic reach the final of the European Cup, knocking out Benfica and Leeds United en route, but lose 2–1 to Feyenoord in the final.
The introduction of penalty shootouts was sanctioned at the Caledonian Hotel in Inverness. Airdrieonians vs Nottingham Forest in the Texaco Cup was the first game in Scotland to be decided by penalties, with Airdrieonians progressing to the Quarter Finals.

1971
66 people die and over 200 are injured after a crush during a match between Rangers and Celtic at Ibrox Park, after a stairway gave way.
Partick Thistle win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 4–1 in the final.
Goal difference replaces goal average as the means of separating teams tied on the same number of points in the Scottish League.

1972
Dixie Deans scores a hat-trick in Celtic's 6–1 win over Hibernian in the 1972 Scottish Cup Final, the first hat-trick in a Scottish Cup Final since 1904.
Rangers beat Dynamo Moscow 3–2 to win the European Cup Winners' Cup. Rangers are beaten 6–3 on aggregate by European Cup winners Ajax in the UEFA Super Cup.
Hibernian win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 2–1 in the final.
The Scottish Women’s Football Association is formed, and Scotland play their first ever official women's international, losing 3–2 to England in Greenock.

1973
Rose Reilly signs for Stade de Reims, becoming the first Scots woman to play football professionally.
The crowd of 122,714 that watches Rangers win over Celtic in the 1973 Scottish Cup Final is the last attendance in excess of 100,000 at any match in Britain.
A 2–1 win over Czechoslovakia at Hampden Park guarantees Scotland a place at the 1974 World Cup after finishing 1st in their qualifying group.

1974

Celtic win their ninth consecutive league championship, equalling the world record jointly held at the time by CSKA Sofia and MTK Budapest.
Scotland are eliminated from the 1974 World Cup at the group stages on goal difference, despite not having lost a match.
Dixie Deans and Joe Harper both score hat-tricks in the 1974 Scottish League Cup Final. Deans became the first (and so far, only) player to score hat-tricks in Scottish Cup and League Cup finals.

1975
The Scottish Football League is reconstructed, producing a Premier Division of 10 clubs.

1976
Rangers win the domestic treble.

1977
Scotland clinch qualification for the following year's World Cup in Argentina with a controversial 2–0 win over Wales at Anfield.
Hibernian become the first professional club in Britain to bear sponsorship on their shirts.
Clydebank bolt wooden bench seating to their ground's terraces (reducing its capacity under 10,000 to avoid having to comply with expensive safety legislation), and thus Kilbowie Park accommodating 9,950 becomes the first all-seater stadium in Britain.

1978
Rangers win the domestic treble.
Scotland are knocked out of the 1978 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken three points (one win, one draw) from three matches.
Jock Stein leaves Celtic, having won 25 trophies including the European Cup in 1967, for a brief spell as manager of Leeds United, before returning north to take over from Ally MacLeod as manager of Scotland.
Alex Ferguson becomes manager of Aberdeen, who he goes on to lead to what several sources describe as "unprecedented success", taking over from Billy McNeill who moved to Celtic as their manager.

1979
Dundee United win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Aberdeen 3–0 in the replayed final.

1980s

1980
Aberdeen win the league title, the first side outwith the Old Firm to do so since Kilmarnock in 1965.
Celtic beat Rangers in the Scottish Cup Final. Thousands of fans from both sides take to the field afterwards and engage in a pitched battle with one another. The aftermath sees both clubs fined £20,000 and various legislation implemented, including the prohibition of the sale of alcohol at football matches in Scotland.
Hibernian are the first Scottish club to install undersoil heating, at a cost of £60,000, and which is used later in the season to enable their home game against Falkirk to be played despite the wintry weather conditions.
Ian Wallace becomes the first Scottish footballer to be transferred for over a million pounds, joining Nottingham Forest from Coventry City for £1.25 million.

1982
The Scotland under-18 side win the 1982 UEFA European Under-18 Championship, defeating Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the final. It remains Scotland's only major tournament win at any level.
Scotland are knocked out of the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken three points (one win, one draw) from three matches.

1983
Aberdeen beat Real Madrid 2–1 after extra time to win the European Cup Winners' Cup. Aberdeen also win the UEFA Super Cup after a 2–0 aggregate win over Hamburger SV.
Dundee United win the league title for the first time.

1984
Rangers defeat Celtic 3–2 in the 1983–84 League Cup Final, with Ally McCoist scoring a hat-trick.
Dundee United reach the semi-final of the European Cup, losing on aggregate to AS Roma.

1985
Scotland qualify for the 1986 World Cup, but manager Jock Stein suffers a heart attack and dies during a qualifying match with Wales.

1986
Kenny Dalglish wins his 100th cap for Scotland, in a friendly match against Romania. He eventually goes on to win 102 caps, a record.
Graeme Souness is appointed player/manager of Rangers. This marks the start of a significant change at Rangers, as they spend significant amounts of money in attracting star players to the club from England.
Celtic win the league championship on goal difference, ahead of Heart of Midlothian.  Two late goals scored by Dundee forward Albert Kidd cost Heart of Midlothian the championship.
Scotland are knocked out of the 1986 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken one point from three matches.
Alex Ferguson leaves Aberdeen, having won ten trophies in eight years including the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1983, to become manager of Manchester United.

1987
Dundee United reach the 1987 UEFA Cup Final, but lose 2–1 on aggregate to IFK Göteborg.
Rangers win their first league title in nine years.
Richard Gough becomes the first million pound transfer in Scottish football, joining Rangers from Tottenham Hotspur for around £1.5 million.
Rangers defeat Aberdeen on penalty kicks in the 1987–88 League Cup Final, after the sides tied at 3–3 after extra time.

1988
Celtic win the league and cup double in their centenary season.

1989
Scotland host the FIFA Under 16 World Championship, reaching the final where they lose on penalty kicks against Saudi Arabia after the match finished 2–2 at the end of extra time.
Former Celtic player Mo Johnston signs for Rangers, ending the club's long-term policy of not signing Roman Catholics.
St Johnstone open McDiarmid Park, the first purpose-built all-seater football stadium in the United Kingdom.

1990s

1990
Scotland are knocked out of the 1990 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken two points (one win) from three matches.

1991
Graeme Souness leaves Rangers to become manager of Liverpool. His assistant, Walter Smith, takes over at Ibrox, and six years later would lead the club to their ninth successive league title.
Rangers win the league championship thanks to a decisive win against Aberdeen on the final day of the season.

1992
Having qualified for the first time, Scotland take part in the finals of the UEFA European Championship. They are knocked out at the group stage of UEFA Euro 1992, having taken two points (one win) from three matches.
Rangers become the first British club to compete in the group stages of the revamped UEFA Champions League, where they went undefeated but eventually finished second in their group behind eventual (controversial) winners Marseille.
Top clubs attempt a 'Super League' breakaway following a similar event in England; the move fails but prompts some reconstruction of the League setup which takes effect two years later.

1993
Rangers win the domestic treble.

1994

Fergus McCann takes over as owner of Celtic, rescuing the club from financial ruin. He goes on to reconstitute the club as a PLC, which in turn leads to the most successful share-issue in the history of British football.
Dundee United win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Rangers 1–0 in the final.
Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Ross County are admitted to the Scottish Football League.
Raith Rovers win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 6–5 on penalties after a 2–2 draw in the final.

1995
Meadowbank Thistle relocate to Livingston, West Lothian and are renamed Livingston.

1996

Scotland are knocked out of UEFA Euro 1996 at the group stage on goal difference, having taken four points from three games.

1997
Rangers win their ninth league championship in a row, equalling the record set by Celtic.
Paul Lambert becomes the first Scottish (and British) player to win the European Cup/ Champions League with a non-UK club, playing for Borussia Dortmund

1998
Celtic stop Rangers from winning a record 10 league titles in a row by winning the Scottish league championship.
Scotland are knocked out of the 1998 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, with 1 point from 3 matches played.
The Scottish Premier League is formed, as the Premier Division clubs break away from the Scottish Football League.

1999
Rangers win the domestic treble.
Scotland fail to qualify for UEFA Euro 2000, losing a two match play-off 2–1 on aggregate to England.

2000s

2000
Inverness Caledonian Thistle defeat Celtic 3–1 in the third round of the Scottish Cup. The result, one of the biggest ever upsets in Scottish football, leads to the famous newspaper headline "Super Caley Go Ballistic Celtic Are Atrocious" by The Sun.
Elgin City and Peterhead are admitted to the Scottish Football League.
Tore André Flo joins Rangers from Chelsea for a transfer fee of £12 million, a Scottish record.

2001
Celtic win the domestic treble, their first since 1969.
Henrik Larsson scores 35 league goals for Celtic, winning him the European Golden Shoe.
Ally McCoist retires from playing football. He is the highest post-war goalscorer in the Scottish league, with 282 goals.

2002

Berti Vogts is appointed the Scotland national team manager, the first non-Scot to hold the post.
Airdrieonians are liquidated. Gretna are admitted to the Scottish Football League in their place.
A consortium buys out the few remaining assets of Clydebank, in order to bring Airdrie United into the league.

2003
Celtic reach the 2003 UEFA Cup Final, but lose 3–2 to F.C. Porto after extra time.
Rangers win the domestic treble.

2004
Livingston win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Hibernian 2–0 in the 2004 Scottish League Cup Final.

2005
Rangers win the league championship on the last day of the season, as Celtic concede two late goals against Motherwell.
Rangers become the first Scottish club to progress from the group stages of the UEFA Champions League to the knockout phase of the tournament.

2006
Scotland reach the final of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship, but lose 2–1 to Spain.
Gretna become the first team from the third tier to reach the Scottish Cup Final, and draw 1–1 with Hearts after extra  time, before losing on penalty kicks.

2007
Motherwell captain Phil O'Donnell, 35, collapses on the pitch during a Scottish league match against Dundee United, and dies shortly afterwards.
Celtic sign Scott Brown from Hibernian for £4.4 million, a record transfer fee paid between two Scottish clubs.
The SFA implement changes to qualifying rules for the Scottish Cup, including the allowing of four Scottish Junior Football Association clubs to enter each year.

2008
Gretna enter administration. Unable to fulfil fixtures, Gretna resign from the Scottish Football League and are subsequently liquidated. Gretna fans set up a new club, Gretna 2008, in its place. Annan Athletic are admitted to the Scottish Football League to fill the vacancy.
Rangers reach the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, but lose 2–0 to Zenit St. Petersburg.

2009
Livingston are demoted two divisions for breaching Scottish Football League rules.

2010s

2010
Referees go on strike in Scotland over the course of a weekend in November 2010 following a series of controversial incidents and criticism.

2011
Celtic manager Neil Lennon and two high-profile supporters of the club are sent parcel bombs. The device sent to Lennon is intercepted by the Royal Mail, whilst the two other devices are delivered but treated as suspicious packages and not opened.

2012
Kilmarnock win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 1–0 in the final.
In the first Edinburgh derby Scottish Cup final since 1896, Heart of Midlothian defeat Hibernian by a 5–1 scoreline.
Rangers enter administration with debts attaining several tens of millions of pounds, including amounts due to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). Rangers FC plc is liquidated after HMRC rejects a CVA offer from Charles Green, the preferred bidder. Green instead buys the business and assets of Rangers from the administrator and forms a new Rangers company, which is denied entry to the Scottish Premier League and is instead admitted into the Scottish Football League Third Division.

2013
St Mirren win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Hearts 3–2 in the final.
Heart of Midlothian enter administration, with most of its debts owed to companies connected to Lithuanian owner Vladimir Romanov.
The Scottish Professional Football League is formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
A new Lowland Football League is formed, as part of wider league reconstruction.
Celtic sell Victor Wanyama to Southampton for £12.5 million, a record at the time for a fee received by a Scottish club.

2014
St Johnstone win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Dundee United 2–0 in the final.

2015
Inverness Caledonian Thistle win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Falkirk 2–1 in the final.

2016
Ross County win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Hibernian 2–1 in the final.
Edinburgh City become the first club to be promoted to the SPFL, under the pyramid system instituted in 2013.
Hibernian win the Scottish Cup for the first time since 1902, defeating Rangers 3–2 in the final.
Oliver Burke joins RB Leipzig from Nottingham Forest for a transfer fee of around £13 million, a record fee at the time for a transfer involving a Scottish player.

2017
Celtic win the domestic treble, while going unbeaten in domestic competitive matches for the whole of the 2016–17 season.
The Scotland women's national team qualify for their first major tournament, the UEFA Women's Euro 2017. Despite a win against Spain in their third match, the team is eliminated on head-to-head record in the group stage.
Celtic complete a run of 69 matches unbeaten in domestic competitions, breaking their own record of 62 games from over 100 years earlier.

2018
Dumbarton reach the final of the Scottish Challenge Cup, the club's first major cup final appearance since the 1896–97 Scottish Cup, 121 years earlier. They are beaten 1–0 by Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
Brechin City fail to win a game in the 2017–18 Scottish Championship, becoming the first Scottish club since Vale of Leven in 1891–92 to go a full season without winning a league game. Brechin also equal the Scottish record for the fewest points scored in a season (four).
Celtic win the domestic treble for a second consecutive season (the "double treble"), the first Scottish club to do so.
Celtic sell Moussa Dembélé to Lyon for €22 million (about £19.7 million), at the time a record transfer fee received by a Scottish club.
Scotland women qualify for their first World Cup finals, by winning UEFA Group 2 with a 2–1 win over Albania in their last group match.

2019
Cove Rangers become the first club to gain promotion from the Highland League to the SPFL. They replaced Berwick Rangers, meaning all 42 SPFL clubs are now based in Scotland.
Celtic win all three domestic trophies for the third consecutive season (the "treble treble").
Scotland are knocked out of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup at the group stage, with one point from three matches played.
Oli McBurnie moves to Sheffield United from Swansea City for a transfer fee of around £20 million, a record fee for a transfer involving a Scottish player. This record is broken less than a week later, when Kieran Tierney joins Arsenal from Celtic for £25 million.
Queen's Park, Scotland's oldest club, vote to go professional after 152 years as amateurs

2020s

2020
 Due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic within the United Kingdom, all football in Scotland is suspended on 13 March 2020.
 A new West of Scotland Football League is formed below the Lowland League as part of the senior pyramid system, which sees all 63 clubs join from the West Region of Junior football.
 Scottish Premiership clubs resume training on 11 June 2020, with a view to starting the 2020–21 Premiership season on the first weekend of August 2020, albeit still behind closed doors due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
 Scotland qualify for UEFA Euro 2020, delayed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, by winning a play-off against Serbia on penalties.
 Celtic win all three domestic trophies for a fourth consecutive season (the "quadruple treble"), with their league title being their ninth consecutive championship.

2021
St Johnstone win the Scottish League Cup for the first time, defeating Livingston 1–0 in the final. They go on to complete a cup double by winning the Scottish Cup for the second time, defeating Hibernian 1–0 in the final.
Rangers prevent Celtic from winning a record 10 league titles in a row by winning the Scottish Premiership and their 55th league title.
Brechin City become the first club to be relegated from the SPFL into the Highland League after defeat to Kelty Hearts in the League Two play-off, their third relegation in four seasons.
Scotland are knocked out of the COVID-19 delayed UEFA Euro 2020 at the group stage, with 1 point from 3 matches played.
All leagues above amateur level are connected for the first time as part of the senior pyramid system, after the SJFA East Region (Midlands League), SJFA North Region, and North Caledonian League join as feeders to the Highland League.

2022
Rangers reach the 2022 UEFA Europa League final, but they lose on penalties to Eintracht Frankfurt.
The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) is introduced to the Scottish Premiership on matchday 12 in October, having previously been used in Scotland for games at UEFA Euro 2020, as well as Champions League group stage, and Europa League knockout stage matches.

2023

 West of Scotland Premier Division side, Darvel beat Premiership side, Aberdeen 1–0 in the biggest cup shock in the Scottish Cup's history. Darvel become the first non league side to knock out a top flight team since Elgin City knocked out Ayr United in 1966.
 Inverness Caledonian Thistle become the first finalists to have been eliminated in the same tournament, after they lost 2–0 to Queen's Park, but were reinstated after it was found out Queen's Park fielded an ineligible player. They lost 3–1 to Celtic in the final.
 Albion Rovers are relegated out of the SPFL, losing 2–1 on aggregate to The Spartans, after 120 years in the league setup.
 Celtic win a World Record 8th domestic treble.

See also
 Football in Scotland

References

Scottish football


Dale Warland (born April 14, 1932, Fort Dodge, Iowa) is an American conductor, composer, founder of the Grammy-nominated Dale Warland Singers, scholar, teacher, choral consultant, and renowned champion of contemporary choral composers. Warland is one of only two choral conductors (along with Robert Shaw (conductor)) inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame.

Professional biography (in brief)
While enrolled at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, Warland began rehearsing and performing with choirs. After graduating, he spent two years in the U.S. Air Force where he started a choir of servicemen. The choir was invited to perform for then-Vice President Richard Nixon.

After the Air Force, he completed his Master of Arts degree in theory and composition at the University of Minnesota in 1960 and his Doctor of Musical Arts degree in choral conducting at the University of Southern California in 1965.

A brief tenure as director of choral music at Humboldt State College followed, leading to an appointment as professor of music and director of choral activities at Macalester College, where he remained until 1985.

In 1972, he formed the Dale Warland Singers. The group quickly gained an international reputation for their flawless performance of choral works by contemporary composers, and, with Warland leading the way, the DWS organization would become renowned for its support of living composers.  Under his direction, the DWS made influential and award-winning recordings, toured internationally, were guest-conducted by choral greats, and won several prestigious awards.  The group disbanded in 2004 after 32 years.

Warland continues to function as a choral composer, editor of choral publications, consultant to publishing companies, scholar, teacher, and guest conductor.

The Dale Warland Singers
In 1972, while on the faculty at Macalester College, Warland was asked by the Walker Art Center (in Minneapolis) to form a choir for a special project. This group of 40 singers became the Dale Warland Singers. Under his direction, the Singers toured Europe and were awarded the ASCAP Margaret Hillis Achievement Award, ASCAP awards for Adventurous Programming (1992, 1993, 1996 and 1999), the ASCAP Victor Herbert Award (2003), the Distinguished Master Artists Award (University of South Florida (2004)), the Sally Ordway Irvine Award for Vision (2003), and many others. Their 2003 CD, "Walden Pond" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance. Over the years, the Singers became known for exceptional blend, intonation, attacks, and uniformity of sound.

After the Dale Warland Singers
Warland disbanded the DWS in 2004, in part to pursue more teaching and composing opportunities. The Dale Warland Singers Choral Score Library was purchased by University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (a/k/a Cincinnati Conservatory, a/k/a CCM), which serves as custodian of those scores.  The papers of the DWS organization also are housed and managed by CCM.  Warland continues working with young students and directors through the Choirs of Note. In 2007 he was commissioned by the Utah Chamber Artists to write an a capella piece for their 2008 European summer tour. Benedicamus Domino for SSATBB, was premiered at the Utah Chamber Artists' Winter Concert on March 3, 2008. With Warland in attendance, the Utah Chamber Artists performed the piece at St Bride's Church in London and the Landmark Arts Centre in Teddington on June 17, 2008, and at St. Paul's Cathedral in London on June 18, 2008.  Warland has guest conducted several prominent choral ensembles since his retirement from the DWS, including Opus 7 and the Cincinnati Vocal Arts Ensemble. Since 2010, Warland has conducted the Minnesota Beethoven Festival Chorale, part of the Minnesota Beethoven Festival in Winona, Minnesota.  This ensemble, which has ranged in size from 42 to 44 voices, has included many of the former members of the Dale Warland Singers, and has presented two concerts on the July schedule of the festival each year.  The 2012 Minnesota Beethoven Festival performances featured the premiere of Warland's arrangement of "Tenting On The Old Campground," written for the Festival Chorale.

Compositions and arrangements
Warland has composed and arranged many works for choir over the decades.  Most are published in his choral series (see below), but others are not "housed" in a series.

Choral series
The Dale Warland Choral Series is a collection of choral scores selected for publication by Warland.  Over the years, the series has been published by several companies (Earthsongs, G. Schirmer), Walton, Plymouth, and Colla Voce, these works may be thought of as separate series all with the same name (the series with G. Schirmer is actually titled "The Dale Warland Schirmer Choral Series").  Works included in the series are listed here alphabetically by title; since choral scores continue to be published, this list will become outdated with each batch of new releases.
Aprile/April (Carol Barnett) - pub. Colla Voce
Ave Maria (Cary Boyce) - pub. G. Schirmer
Beautiful River (arr. William Hawley) — pub. Colla Voce
By And By (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla Voce
Calm on the Listening Ear of Night (Kenneth Jennings) - pub. Walton
Cançao de Embalar (Janika Vandervelde) - pub. EarthsongsCatalonian Carol (arr. Dale Warland) — pub. Colla VoceCedit, Hyems (Abbie B. Betinis) - pub. G. SchirmerCindy (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla VoceDecember Stillness (Paul Fetler) - pub. WaltonDeep River (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla VoceEl Rorro (arr. Jeffery Van) — pub. Colla VoceThe Friendly Beasts (arr. Jeffrey Van) - pub. Colla VoceHard Times Come Again No More (arr. Mark Keller) — pub. Colla VoceHark The Herald Angels Sing (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. Colla VoceHodie (Carol Barnett) - pub. WaltonHuron Carol (arr. Dale Warland) - pub. Colla VoceI would live in your love (Nathan Jones) - pub. G. SchirmerMcKay (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. EarthsongsMiserere (Rudi Tas) - pub. G. SchirmerMy Soul's Been Anchored In The Lord (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. Colla VoceNinety-Third Psalm (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. EarthsongsNot One Sparrow Is Forgotten (William Hawley) - pub. Colla VoceO Little Town Of Bethlehem (arr. Dale Warland) - pub. Colla VoceO Viridissima Virga (Janika Vandervelde) - pub. Earthsongs ***N.B. Not technically part of the DWCS, this was commissioned and premiered by the Dale Warland Singers, and is published by EarthsongsOh, Shenandoah (arr. Alf Houkom) — pub. Colla VocePrayer of the Middle Ages (Howard Hanson) - pub. EarthsongsPretty Saro (arr. Mark Keller) - pub. Colla VoceRed River Valley (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla VoceRiver Snow (Zhang Ying) - pub. WaltonRequiescat (Eric William Barnum) - pub. G. SchirmerRockin' Jerusalem (arr. Robert L. Morris) - pub. WaltonShalom Chaverim (Kenneth Hodgson) — pub. Colla VoceShe'll Be Comin' Round The Mountain (arr. Emma Lou Diemer) - pub. Colla VoceSimple Gifts (arr. Dale Warland) - pub. G. SchirmerSnow (The King's Trumpeter) (John Muelheisen) - pub. Colla VoceSo Gracious Is The Time (William Beckstrand) - pub. Colla VoceSo Thin a Veil (Dale Warland) - pub. G. SchirmerA Somerset Carol (arr. Dale Warland) - pub. G. SchirmerA Spotless Rose (Ralph R. Prime) - pub. Colla VoceSteal Away (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla VoceSwing Low, Sweet Chariot (arr. Carol Barnett) — pub. Colla VoceThere Will Be Rest (Dale Warland) - pub. G. SchirmerTwo Motets (William Hawley) - pub. WaltonWater Night (Eric Whitacre) - pub. WaltonWebster (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. EarthsongsWexford Carol (arr. Dale Warland) - pub. G. SchirmerWithout Words (Huang Ruo) - pub. G. SchirmerWonder Where''' (arr. Carol Barnett) - pub. Colla Voce

References

1932 births
American choral conductors
American male conductors (music)
Living people
St. Olaf College alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
USC Thornton School of Music alumni
Singers from Iowa
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American male musicians


Proteasome assembly chaperone 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSMG1 gene.

See also
 Proteasome
 Chaperone

References

Further reading


Randall Salerno (January 4, 1963 – January 24, 2008) was an American news anchor for CBS news in Chicago, Illinois at WBBM-TV.  Salerno had previously worked at WGN-TV alongside Roseanne Tellez at both WBBM-TV and WGN-TV 1993-2004.

Biography
Salerno served as a general assignment reporter and as the weekend morning news anchor from 1994 till 1999.

Before working at WGN, Salerno was a reporter and weekend anchor at WNYT in Albany, New York. Prior to that, he worked at WMBD-TV and WHOI-TV in Peoria, Illinois. He began his broadcasting career at WIFR-TV in Rockford, Illinois as a general assignment reporter.

Salerno received his B.S. in Communication from Illinois State University in 1985, where he was an anchor/reporter for the campus TV station. He lived in Crystal Lake, Illinois, where he attended Crystal Lake South High School and played basketball.

Death

Salerno died in a snowmobile accident on the night of January 24, 2008, on Plum Lake near Sayner/Eagle River, Wisconsin. Salerno was a passenger on a snowmobile when the snowmobile struck a tree.

Salerno is survived by his wife Irene and 3 children.

Awards
Randy Salerno won a local Emmy Award for his work on CBS 2's 2004 broadcast of the LaSalle Bank Chicago Marathon.

References

Friend charged in snowmobiling death of Channel 2 anchor Randy Salerno; January 25, 2008; Chicago Tribune, Retrieved January 25, 2008

External links

1963 births
2008 deaths
Television anchors from Chicago
People from Aurora, Illinois
Sports deaths in Wisconsin
Illinois State University alumni
People from Crystal Lake, Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists


John or Johnny Power may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
John Power (director) (1930–2016), Australian television and film director
John Power (musician) (born 1967), English singer-songwriter and musician
John Joseph Wardell Power (1881–1943; aka J. W. Power), Australian modernist artist

Politics and government
John Power (Irish MP), Member of Parliament for County Waterford and Dungarvon
John Power (Patriot Parliament MP), Member of Irish Parliament for Charleville
John Joseph Power (1867–1968), Australian politician
John O'Connor Power (1846–1919), Irish Fenian
Sir John Power, 1st Baronet (1874–1945), British Member of Parliament for Wimbledon
Sir John Talbot Power, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament for County Wexford

Sports
John Power (cricketer) (1932–2005), Australian cricketer
John Power (footballer), English football goalkeeper
John Power (Carrickshock hurler) (born 1992), Irish hurler
John Power (John Locke's hurler) (born 1966), former Irish sportsperson
John A. Power (born 1976), rugby league player
John T. Power (1883–1982), Irish hurler
Johnny Power (1874–1958), Australian rules footballer

Other
John Power, a maker of Irish whiskey in the early 1800s, part of the family history of the Powers brand
John Power, character in The Abduction Club
John Power (hunger striker) (1900-1953), Irish revolutionary, hunger striker, and shopkeeper
John Power (Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge) (1819–1880)
John Power (Vicar-General for New York) (1792–1849), Irish-born American Catholic priest
John Arthur Power, English physician, lecturer in medicine, and amateur entomologist
John Carroll Power (1819–1894), American historian and custodian of the tomb of Abraham Lincoln
John Hyacinth Power (1884–1964), director of the McGregor Museum in Kimberley, South Africa
John V. Power (1918–1944), United States Marine Corps first lieutenant
John Wyse Power (1859–1926), Irish journalist, newspaper editor and Irish nationalist

See also
Jack Power (disambiguation)
Jackie Power (1916–1994), Irish hurler and Gaelic football player
Johnny Powers (disambiguation)
John Powers (disambiguation)
Jack Powers (1827–1860), Irish-American gambler and gang leader
Jon Powers (born 1978), American political activist
Jonathon Power (born 1974), Canadian squash player


Pedro Antonio de Cevallos Cortés y Calderón, also spelled Ceballos (29 June 1715 – 26 December 1778), was a Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires between 1757 and 1766, and the first Viceroy of the Río de la Plata in 1776.

Biography
Pedro Antonio de Cevallos was born in Cádiz, and came from a renowned Cantabrian family.

He is best remembered for conquering the Colonia de Sacramento twice : in his first expedition in 1762–1763 during and in the aftermath of the defeated Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762), and in his second expedition in 1776–1777 during the Spanish–Portuguese War, 1776–1777.

On 12 October 1776 he sailed with an army from Cadiz, and spent the Southern Hemisphere summer in Buenos Aires, where he had been appointed Viceroy. On 22 April 1777 he landed in Montevideo with a force of 9316 men. He then marched to Colonia del Sacramento, a disputed Portuguese city in present-day Uruguay, which surrendered almost immediately. He then marched towards Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, conquered Santa Catarina island, but received word from a treaty having been signed between Spain and Portugal and turned back.

He then returned to Buenos Aires where he reassumed the post of Viceroy on 15 October 1777. He introduced the Law of free Commerce of 1778, which allowed Buenos Aires to trade directly with Spain, instead of being forced to trade by way of the Viceroyalty of Peru. He also forbid to move silver out of the limits of the Viceroyalty. This law gave a boost to the development of Buenos Aires. He promoted agriculture and the commerce of slaves.

He died on 26 December 1778 in the Capuchin Convent of Córdoba (Spain), where he was staying on his way to the Spanish Court. He was buried in the Cordoba Cathedral in a sumptuous ceremony, a memorable event in the city's history.

He was married to María Luisa Pinto y Ortega. His son Pedro Antonio de Ceballos Pinto was Agriculture Minister of Argentine general Martín Miguel de Güemes when he was governor of Salta. His sister Antonia de Cevallos Cortés Hoyos y Calderón received from King Charles III after his death the title of "Marchioness de la Colonia".

Bibliography

External links
 Pedro de Cevallos (1715–1778)

1715 births
1778 deaths
Politicians from Cádiz
Viceroys of the Río de la Plata
18th-century Argentine people
Governors of the Río de la Plata
Spanish captain generals


Richard Eichberg (27 October 1888 – 8 May 1952) was a German film director and producer. He directed 87 films between 1915 and 1949. He also produced 77 films between 1915 and 1950. He was born in Berlin, Germany and died in Munich, West Germany.

Selected filmography

 Jettatore (1919)
 Sins of the Parents (1919)
 Child on the Open Road (1919)
 Der Fluch der Menschheit (1920)
 Hypnose (1920)
 Der Tanz auf dem Vulkan (1920)
 Im Rausche der Milliarden (1920)
 Evelyn's Love Adventures (1921)
 The Living Propeller (1921)
 Ihre Hoheit die Tänzerin (1922)
 Monna Vanna (1922)
 The Moneylender's Daughter (1922)
 The Romance of a Poor Sinner (1922)
 Girl of the Berlin Streets (1922)
 Fräulein Raffke (1923)
 The Most Beautiful Woman in the World (1924)
 The Motorist Bride (1925)
 Women of Luxury (1925)
 The Girl on the Road (1925)
 Love and Trumpets (1925)
 The Woman with That Certain Something (1925)
 Passion (1925)
 Princess Trulala (1926)
 The Prince and the Dancer (1926)
 Chaste Susanne (1926)
 Marie's Soldier (1927)
 The Prince of Pappenheim (1927)
 Fabulous Lola (1927)
 The Serfs (1928)
 Song (1928)
 The Woman from Till 12 (1928)
 Why Cry at Parting? (1929)
 The Flame of Love (English-language film, 1930)
 The Road to Dishonour (German-language film, 1930)
 Hai-Tang (French-language film, 1930)
 The Copper (German-language film, 1930)
 Night Birds (English-language film, 1930)
 Die Bräutigamswitwe (German-language film, 1931)
 Let's Love and Laugh (English-language film, 1931)
  (1931)
 The Daredevil (1931)
 The Invisible Front (1932)
 A Precocious Girl (co-director: Max Neufeld, 1934)
  (French-language film, 1935)
 Die Katz' im Sack (German-language film, 1935)
  (French-language film, 1935)
 Der Schlafwagenkontrolleur (German-language film, 1935)
 The Czar's Courier (German-language film, 1936)
 Michel Strogoff (French-language film, 1936)
 Es geht um mein Leben (1936)
 The Tiger of Eschnapur (German-language film, 1938)
 Le Tigre du Bengale (French-language film, 1938)
 The Indian Tomb (German-language film, 1938)
 Le Tombeau hindou (French-language film, 1938)
 The Trip to Marrakesh (1949)
 Scandal at the Embassy (dir. Erik Ode, 1950)

References

External links

1888 births
1952 deaths
Film people from Berlin


Rossini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Rossini (born 1990), Italian footballer (goalkeeper)
Carolina Rossini, Brazilian-American attorney
Carl Rossini Diton (1886–1962), American pianist and composer
Carlo Conti Rossini (1872–1949), Italian orientalist
Elena Rossini, Italian filmmaker, writer and artist
Fausto Rossini (born 1978), Italian footballer (forward)
Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868), Italian composer
Giuseppe Rossini (born 1986), Italian-Belgian footballer
Jonathan Rossini, Swiss footballer
Luigi Rossini (1790–1857), Italian artist
Márcio Rossini (born 1960), Brazilian former footballer
Salvatore Rossini (born 1986), Italian volleyball player
Stefano Rossini (born 1971), Italian footballer
Stefano Rossini (footballer, born 1991), Italian
Stéphane Rossini (born 1963), Swiss politician

See also
Rossi (surname)
Rossini (disambiguation)

Italian-language surnames


Hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B6 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene has both oxidoreductase and epimerase activities and is involved in androgen catabolism. The oxidoreductase activity can convert 3 alpha-adiol to dihydrotestosterone, while the epimerase activity can convert androsterone to epi-androsterone. Both reactions use NAD+ as the preferred cofactor. This gene is a member of the retinol dehydrogenase family. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist.

References

Further reading


Ribonuclease T2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASET2 gene. It is a type of endoribonuclease.

This ribonuclease gene is a novel member of the Rh/T2/S-glycoprotein class of extracellular ribonucleases. It is a single copy gene that maps to 6q27, a region associated with human malignancies and chromosomal rearrangement.
RNASET2 has been reported as a tumour associated antigen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other lymphomas.

References

Further reading


Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B4GALT4 gene.

This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl. Each beta4GalT has a distinct function in the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures. As type II membrane proteins, they have an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence that directs the protein to the Golgi apparatus and which then remains uncleaved to function as a transmembrane anchor. By sequence similarity, the beta4GalTs form four groups: beta4GalT1 and beta4GalT2, beta4GalT3 and beta4GalT4, beta4GalT5 and beta4GalT6, and beta4GalT7. The enzyme encoded by this gene appears to mainly play a role in glycolipid biosynthesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.

References

External links

Further reading


KWNA may refer to:

 KWNA-FM, a radio station (92.7 FM) licensed to serve Winnemucca, Nevada, United States
 KWNA (AM), a defunct radio station (1400 AM) formerly licensed to serve Winnemucca, Nevada, which held the call sign KWNA from 1955 to 2019


McBroom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Amanda McBroom (born 1947), American singer, songwriter and cabaret performer
 Austin McBroom (born 1992), American YouTuber
 David Bruce (actor) (born Marden Andrew McBroom; 1914–1976), American film actor
 Durga McBroom (born 1962), American rock singer
 Ed (Edward W.) McBroom (born 1981), American politician
 Edward McBroom (1925–1990), American politician
 Kelly McBroom (born 1989), Canadian skier
 Michael McBroom (born 1991), American swimmer
 Pearl McBroom (1926–2004), American cardiologist
 Ryan McBroom (born 1992), American professional baseball player
 Stephen McBroom (born 1964), Australian rules footballer
 Tom McBroom (born 1952), Canadian golf course architect
 Troy McBroom (born 1983), American football wide receiver

See also
 Frances McBroom Thompson (1942–2014), American mathematics educator and textbook author
 John Keith McBroom Laird (1907–1985), author, barrister, and solicitor
 Shidler McBroom Gates and Lucas, a law firm which merged to form Preston Gates & Ellis


Nucleolar protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOL4 gene.

See also
 Nucleolus

References

Further reading


Sahib Ataids (Modern Turkish: Sâhipataoğulları or Sâhipataoğulları Beyliği) was an Anatolian beylik centered in Kara Hisar-i Sâhib (Afyonkarahisar) and founded by one of the last viziers of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, Fakhr al-Din Ali, also known as Sâhib Ata. The beylik was founded c.1275 and absorbed by the neighboring Germiyanids in 1341. The Sâhipataoğulları left important works of architecture.

External links

Anatolian beyliks
History of Afyonkarahisar
History of Afyonkarahisar Province


The Alan R. Barton Nuclear Plant was a proposed commercial nuclear power plant in central Alabama, United States.

Proposed plant
Alabama Power Company proposed constructing four 1,159 MWe General Electric Boiling Water Reactors at the site approximately 15 miles southeast of Clanton, Alabama.

The proposed plant was named after Alabama Power Company Senior Vice President Alan R. Barton.

The proposed plant was identified by the acronym ABNP in Nuclear Regulatory Commission correspondence.

1970s cancellation
Barton 3 & 4 were canceled in 1975 while under 10CFR50 Construction Permit (CP) review. Two years later, Barton 1 & 2 were canceled during the CP review process as well.

Reactor data
The nuclear power plant was to have had four units:

References

Nuclear power plants in Alabama
Cancelled nuclear power stations in the United States


Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDS2 gene.

Breakdown products of phosphoinositides are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of many G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases regulating cell growth, calcium metabolism, and protein kinase C activity. This gene encodes an enzyme which regulates the amount of phosphatidylinositol available for signaling by catalyzing the conversion of phosphatidic acid to CDP-diacylglycerol. This enzyme is an integral membrane protein localized to two subcellular domains, the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane where it is thought to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. and the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Two genes encoding this enzyme have been identified in humans, one mapping to human chromosome 4q21 (CDS1) and a second (this gene) to 20p13.

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of CDS2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Cds2tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program, a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out and two phenotypes were reported. No homozygous mutant embryos were identified during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; no significant abnormalities were observed in these animals.

References

External links

Further reading

EC 2.7.7
Genes mutated in mice


Robert Scholz (23 April 1886 – 10 October 1927) was a German film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 76 films between 1919 and 1928. He was born in Germany and died in Berlin.

Selected filmography

 A Drive into the Blue (1919)
 The White Roses of Ravensberg (1919)
 Die Fluch der Menschheit (1920)
 Der Tanz auf dem Vulkan (1920)
 The White Peacock (1920)
 Der Im Rausche der Milliarden (1920)
 About the Son (1921)
 Count Varenne's Lover (1921)
 Sons of the Night (1921)
 The Experiment of Professor Mithrany (1921)
 Danton (1921)
 The Buried Self (1921)
 Symphony of Death (1921)
 Lola Montez, the King's Dancer (1922)
 Bigamy (1922)
 Barmaid (1922)
 Only One Night (1922)
 Fratricide (1922)
 Yvette, the Fashion Princesss (1922)
 Yellow Star (1922)
 Shame (1922)
 She and the Three (1922)
 Ihre Hoheit die Tänzerin (1922)
 The Ancient Law (1923)
 The Fifth Street (1923)
 Mister Radio (1924)
 The Girl from Capri (1924)
 To a Woman of Honour (1924)
 Darling of the King (1924)
 Fever for Heights (1924)
 Za La Mort (1924)
 The Little Duke (1924)
 The Blackguard (1925)
 Tragedy (1925)
 The Island of Dreams (1925)
 The Flight in the Night (1926)
 Roses from the South (1926)
 Lace (1926)
 The Prince and the Dancer (1926)
 Sword and Shield (1926)
 The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927)
 The Bordello in Rio (1927)
 Flirtation (1927)
 When the Young Wine Blossoms (1927)
 Heads Up, Charley (1927)
 The Queen of Spades (1927)
 Eva and the Grasshopper (1927)
 The False Prince (1927)
 Give Me Life (1928)

References

External links

1886 births
1927 deaths
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
20th-century German male actors


USS Varian (DE-798) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy.

Namesake
Bertram Stetson Varian Jr. was born on 26 November 1920 at Weiser, Idaho. His father, Bertram S. Varian Sr., was an Idaho judge who would later serve as a Justice of the Idaho Supreme Court. He enlisted in the Navy as a seaman 2nd class on 3 December 1940 at Boise, Idaho, and received an appointment as aviation cadet on 15 February of the following year. Following flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, he was designated a naval aviator on 8 September 1941 and was commissioned an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve on 4 October.

He received further instruction with the Advanced Carrier Training Group and reported to  on 3 April 1942, joining Bombing Squadron 6 (VB-6) flying the Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber. Flying from Enterprise during the Battle of Midway on 5 June 1942, he flew with the third division of VB-6 in their attack against the Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft carrier Akagi. VB-6 pressed home their attack – often diving to very low altitudes to ensure their bomb's delivery – and severely crippled the ship. Only a third of VB-6's 15 aircraft returned to their carrier. Among those lost were Ensign Varian and his gunner, ARM3c C. R. Young, who were forced to ditch 50 miles (90 km) northeast of the Japanese task force. They were never seen again. He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.

Construction and commissioning
Varian was laid down on 27 August 1943 at Orange, Texas, by the Consolidated Steel Corp.; launched on 6 November 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Arnold F. Brunkow, sister of the late Ens. Varian; and commissioned on 29 February 1944.

History
After fitting out, Varian conducted her shakedown cruise out of Bermuda for the last half of the month of March 1944. She then joined the homeward-bound ships of Convoy GUS-33 on 30 March and helped to escort them to Hampton Roads, Virginia. Following repairs at Boston and further training out of Casco Bay, Varian shifted south and rendezvoused with Mediterranean-bound Convoy UGS-44 on 2 June. After subsequently shepherding GUS-44 from Bizerte to Hampton Roads, the destroyer escort arrived at New York on 18 July. She then conducted two more round-trip convoy missions, with UGS/GUS-51 from mid-August to mid-September and with UGS/GUS-58 until mid-November, before she was assigned to the first "hunter-killer" group – formed on 30 November 1944 to track down and destroy enemy submarines.

Varian and her sisters accordingly underwent intensive training for 26 days. They received special instruction, principally in high-frequency direction finding and gunnery; and spent 60 hours perfecting unit tactics for coordinated attacks on maneuvering submarines. Before they put to sea, Escort Division 62 – grouped as Task Unit 27.1.1 (TU 27.1.1) and led by Cmdr. Jack F. Bowling in Otter (DE-210) — practiced every type of known antisubmarine warfare attack, rehearsing them in simulated operating conditions.

In less than a month after TU 27.1.1's departure from Casco Bay on the day after Christmas of 1944, the new unit proved the "hunter-killer" concept valid. On the morning of 16 January 1945, Otter, Varian, Hayter (DE-212), and Hubbard (DE-211) hunted down  and sank her after a dogged two-hour hunt,  north of the Azores, at .
A little over three months later, on 24 April, Varian and nine other DEs tracked down the U-boat that had recently torpedoed Frederick C. Davis (DE-136). The 10 American DEs avenged their sister's loss with a punishing depth charge barrage that forced  to the surface, where the DEs then destroyed her with gunfire, at . Varian picked up nine survivors.

The end of the war in Europe on 7 May 1945 saw many of Germany's U-boat fleet still at sea. On 12 May, Varian rendezvoused with one of these, , and a party from the destroyer escort, led by Lt. (jg.) Earle D. Stevenson, USNR, boarded the submarine and brought her to the east coast.

Following upkeep at the Boston Navy Yard, Varian got underway on 23 May and proceeded via New York to Hampton Roads. Shifting to Miami, Florida, soon thereafter, the destroyer escort operated in a training role, providing practical experience for newly commissioned officers until 16 July. The next day, earmarked for conversion to a radar picket ship, Varian arrived at Charleston, S.C. for availability. However, her conversion was cancelled, and the ship soon resumed training operations in the Caribbean.

On 2 September, the ship departed Culebra, Puerto Rico, and she steamed north to New London, Conn., for training duty with Atlantic Fleet submarines. At New Haven, Connecticut, for Navy Day festivities, Varian subsequently sailed south for inactivation at Green Cove Springs near Jacksonville, Florida. Arriving there, via Boston, on 27 November, Varian was decommissioned on 15 March 1946 and placed in reserve. She was later shifted to the Texas group of the Reserve Fleet at Orange. There, she remained through the 1960s. Struck from the Navy list on 1 December 1972, Varian was sold on 12 January 1974 to the Southern Scrap Metal Co., Ltd., of New Orleans, for scrapping. Towed by three tugs, the erstwhile U-boat killer began her final voyage on 31 January.

Varian received two battle stars for her World War II service.

References

External links
     navsource.org: USS Varian
  hazegray.org: USS Varian

Buckley-class destroyer escorts
Ships built in Orange, Texas
1943 ships


Den Haag Laan van NOI railway station is a railway station in the Netherlands, on the border between The Hague and the town of Voorburg. It is served by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch railway) and by the RandstadRail light-rail network. The station is named after the road on which it is located, Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië, which literally translates as New East Indies Avenue, but probably refers to a former inn called Nieuw Oosteinde (New East End).

History

Laan van NOI is located on the oldest railway line in the Netherlands, the "Old Line" between Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The part of the line between Leiden and The Hague opened in 1843. The station "Nieuw Oosteinde" was located on the crossing with the Laan van Nieuw Oosteinde, near the inn "Nieuw Oosteinde". Nieuw Oosteinde was open from 1843 to 1864.

A new station opened in the same location on 1 May 1907 on the new line Den Haag Hollands Spoor - Scheveningen, and in 1908 the Hofpleinlijn between Hollands Spoor and Rotterdam Hofplein via Laan van NOI was opened: the first electrified railway in the Netherlands. Both new lines followed the "Old Line" between Hollands Spoor and Laan van NOI. Although the new station was located on the old line, it did not have platforms on that line, and trains between The Hague and Leiden did not stop there until 15 May 1931.

The line to Scheveningen closed in 1953. In 1979, a new connection was opened to Zoetermeer. Both the Hofpleinlijn to Rotterdam and the line to Zoetermeer were converted to light rail in 2006.

Name of the station
The first station was named after an inn, "Nieuw Oosteinde". When the station re-opened in 1907, it took the name of the road. The road crosses an administrative border at the railway station, and changes its name at that point: it is currently called "Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië" in The Hague, and "Laan van Nieuw Oosteinde" in Voorburg. Both names were formerly used for the entire road, and for the railway station; in recent years, the "Oost-Indië" variant was most common for the station, possibly because the station is located on the Hague side of the border.

In 1978, the city name was added, and the road name was abbreviated: since then, the railway station has been called "Den Haag Laan van NOI". The name of the RandstadRail stop is just "Laan van NOI".

Current services
Den Haag Laan van NOI is served by the following services:
Nederlandse Spoorwegen trains:
2x per hour intercity service Amsterdam - Haarlem - The Hague - Rotterdam - Dordrecht- Roosendaal - Vlissingen
2x per hour intercity service Lelystad - Almere - Amsterdam - Schiphol - The Hague - Rotterdam - Dordrecht
2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague - Leiden - Schiphol - Amsterdam
2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague - Leiden - Haarlem
RandstadRail light rail:
line E The Hague - Pijnacker - Rotterdam
line RR3 Loosduinen - The Hague centre - Zoetermeer
line RR4 De Uithof - The Hague centre - Zoetermeer
HTM tram 2 Kraayenstein - The Hague centre - Leidschendam

References

External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Laan van NOI
Railway stations opened in 1907
Railway stations on the Oude Lijn
Laan van NOI
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1900s


Peroxisomal membrane protein 11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX11A gene.

References

Further reading


The following is a summary of Dublin county football team's 2007 season.

O'Byrne Cup
2007 O'Byrne Cup

National Football League (Division 1A) results
2007 National Football League

Leinster & All-Ireland Championship results
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 2007

References

Season Dublin
Dublin county football team seasons


KAFF or Kaff may refer to:

 KAFF (AM), a radio station (930 AM) licensed to Flagstaff, Arizona, United States
 KAFF Appliances, an Indian multi-national appliances firm based in Gurugram, India
 KAFF-FM, a radio station (92.9 FM) licensed to Flagstaff, Arizona, United States
 Kecskemét Animation Film Festival, an biennial animation film festival in Kecsemét, Hungary
 The IATA airport code for the airfield at the United States Air Force Academy
 Kaff Tagon, a fictional character in the webcomic Schlock Mercenary

See also
 Kaffe (disambiguation)


KWNA-FM (92.7 FM) is a radio station. Licensed to serve Winnemucca, Nevada, United States, the station is currently owned by Paul and Ketra Gardner, through licensee Elko Broadcasting Company, Inc., and features country music.

References

External links

WNA-FM
Winnemucca, Nevada
Country radio stations in the United States


Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUCLG1 gene.

Structure
The enzyme encoded by SUCLG1 can exist in either a phosphorylated form or a dephosphorylated form. In the dephosphorylated structure, a phosphate ion works in coordination with a histidine residue in the active site and the two alpha helices, one contributed by each subunit of the alphabeta-dimer to stabilize the structure. One of the alpha helices contains amino acids, the modification of which result in conformational changes that accommodate either the bound phosphoryl group or the free phosphate ion.

Function
This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric enzyme succinate coenzyme A ligase. This enzyme is targeted to the mitochondria and catalyzes the conversion of succinyl CoA and ADP or GDP to succinate and ATP or GTP. Mutations in this gene are the cause of the metabolic disorder fatal infantile lactic acidosis and mitochondrial DNA depletion.

Clinical significance
Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is responsible for encephalomyopathy  with mitochondrial DNA depletion and mild methylmalonic aciduria. Mutations in SUCLG1 lead to complete absence of SUCLG1 protein and are responsible for a very severe disorder with antenatal manifestations. Furthermore, it is shown that in the absence of SUCLG1 protein, no SUCLA2 protein is found in fibroblasts by western blot analysis. This result is consistent with a degradation of SUCLA2 when its heterodimer partner, SUCLG1, is absent. As mitochondrial DNA depletion in muscle is not a constant finding in SUCLG1 patients, diagnosis should not be based on it; additionally, it may be that alternative physiopathological mechanisms may be considered to explain the combined respiratory chain deficiency observed in these patients.

Interactive pathway map

References

Further reading

External links


Interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein, also known as IL18RAP and CDw218b (cluster of differentiation w218b), is a human gene.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene is an accessory subunit of the heterodimeric receptor for IL18. This protein enhances the IL18 binding activity of IL18R1 (IL1RRP), a ligand binding subunit of IL18 receptor. The coexpression of IL18R1 and this protein is required for the activation of NF-κB and MAPK8 (JNK) in response to IL18.

Disease association
Variants at IL18RAP have been linked to susceptibility to Coeliac disease.

See also
 Interleukin-18 receptor

References

Further reading

External links

Clusters of differentiation


TMG I is the only studio album by Japanese-based supergroup Tak Matsumoto Group, released on June 23, 2004. Eric Martin and Jack Blades, of Mr. Big and Night Ranger fame respectively, wrote all of the lyrics, while Tak Matsumoto, the founder of the band and of B’z fame, was responsible for all of the music. The album topped the Oricon Albums Chart, selling over 90,000 copies, while the single "Oh Japan ~Our Time Is Now~" reached number 3 on the Oricon Singles Chart with 98,346 copies and was the 95th best-selling single of the year.

Track listing

Personnel
Tak Matsumoto Group
 Tak Matsumoto – guitars, rap on "Oh Japan ~Our Time Is Now~"
 Eric Martin – lead vocals
 Jack Blades – bass, background vocals, co-lead vocals on "Everything Passes Away"

Additional musicians
 Brian Tichy – drums on tracks 1-9, 11, 14
 Cindy Blackman – drums on tracks 10, 12-13
 Akira Onozuka – organ on "Two of a Kind"
 Shinichiro Ohta – background vocals on "Trapped"
 Aimee Joy Misaki – voice on "Everything Passes Away"

Charts

Certifications

See also
List of Oricon number-one albums of 2004

External links

References

2004 debut albums
Tak Matsumoto Group albums
Being Inc. albums


Juan Edmunds Rapahango (1923 – August 20, 2012) was a Rapa Nui politician, the former Mayor of Hanga Roa, the municipality of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in Chilean Polynesia. He is the son of Henry Percy Edmunds, director of the Williamson-Balfour Company, and Victoria Rapahango, an important native respondent for early ethnologists visiting the island. He is the father of the former mayor Pedro Pablo Edmunds Paoa. As mayor, Edmunds Rapahango promoted tourism to the island and helped to develop the island's infrastructure. He collaborated closely with William Mulloy and supported the American archaeologist's restoration projects. Edmunds Rapahango saw that Rapa Nui archaeology would play an important role the future of the island's economy.

References

External links
 William Mulloy Library
 Father Sebastian Englert Anthropology Museum
 Easter Island Foundation
 Rapa Nui Fact Sheet with Photographs
 Rapa Nui Photo Gallery
 The Statues and Rock Art of Rapa Nui

1923 births
2012 deaths
Rapanui politicians
Easter Island people
Hanga Roa
Mayors of places in Chile


Interleukin-1 receptor-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RL2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family. An experiment with transient gene expression demonstrated that this receptor was incapable of binding to interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta with high affinity. This gene and four other interleukin 1 receptor family genes, including interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1), interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL1R2), interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), and interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12.

References

Further reading


Deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2 (non-protein coding) is a long non-coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the DLEU2 gene. In humans it is located on chromosome 13q14. The DLEU2 gene was originally identified as a potential tumour suppressor gene and is often deleted in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

See also
Long non-coding RNA

References

Further reading

Non-coding RNA


Kagera Sugar is a football club from Bukoba, Tanzania. They are a professional football team who play at the top level of Tanzanian professional football, the Tanzanian Premier League. They play at 5,000 capacity Kaitaba Stadium.

References

External links
Kagera Sugar FC logo

Bukoba
Kagera Region
Works association football clubs in Tanzania


Willy Kaiser-Heyl (4 August 1876 – 2 December 1953) was a German film actor. He appeared in 92 films between 1919 and 1952. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany and died in Berlin.

Selected filmography

 The Tragedy of a Great (1920)
 Im Rausche der Milliarden (1920)
 Der Janus-Kopf (1920)
 The Lady in Black (1920)
 Die Fluch der Menschheit (1920)
 My Wife's Diary (1920)
 At War in the Diamond Fields (1921)
 The Living Propeller (1921)
 The Secrets of Berlin (1921)
 A Debt of Honour (1921)
 The Favourite of the Queen (1922)
 Fratricide (1922)
 Girl of the Berlin Streets (1922)
 Frauenmoral (1923)
 The Affair of Baroness Orlovska (1923)
 Count Cohn (1923)
 The Fifth Street (1923)
 The Vice of Gambling (1923)
 The Sensational Trial (1923)
 I Had a Comrade (1923)
 Lord Reginald's Derby Ride (1924)
 The Voice of the Heart (1924)
 Wunder der Schöpfung (1925)
 Neptune Bewitched (1925)
 Destiny (1925)
 The King and the Girl (1925)
 The Telephone Operator (1925)
 The Ones Down There (1926)
 The False Prince (1927)
  Fire in the Opera House (1930)
  Marriage in Name Only (1930)
 Him or Me (1930)
 Cruiser Emden (1932)
 Anna and Elizabeth (1933)
 Music in the Blood (1934)
  The Empress's Favourite  (1936)
 Paul and Pauline (1936)
  Napoleon Is to Blame for Everything (1938)
 Nanon (1938)
 Robert Koch (1939)
 Cadets (1939)
 In the Name of the People (1939)
 Target in the Clouds (1939)
 Anna Alt (1945)

References

External links

1876 births
1953 deaths
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
Actors from Frankfurt
20th-century German male actors


Cell division cycle protein 123 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC123 gene.

References

External links

Further reading


Bertechramnus or Bertram of Le Mans was one of the wealthiest bishops of 6th-century Gaul.  He was bishop of Le Mans from 587 until 623.

At the time of his death his will listed a private holding of over 3,000 square kilometres of land.  By the end of his time as bishop there were 18 churches in Le Mans.

References

6th-century Frankish bishops
7th-century Frankish bishops
Bishops of Le Mans
7th-century Frankish writers
7th-century writers in Latin


CAAX box protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM127A gene.

References

Further reading


Tensin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNS4 gene.

References

Further reading


Saint-Pons (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department

References

Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


KWNA (1400 AM) was the call sign assigned from 1954 until 2019, and the last call sign used on the air, for radio station KWXA in Winnemucca, Nevada, United States. The station, while silent, was assigned the call letters KWXA by the Federal Communications Commission on March 16, 2019. However, its license was deleted on March 5, 2021, before making any broadcasts under the KWXA call letters.

The station had a classic rock format, and was last owned by Isaac Diaz through licensee Fundacion Manitas Llenas, Inc., and featured programming from ABC Radio.

Programming
Programming was supplied by Westwood One.

Translator
In addition to the main signal, the station broadcast via a translator on the FM dial, licensed to Winnemucca. K221AG broadcast on 92.1 FM. The licenses for both KWXA and K221AG were cancelled on March 5, 2021, as the station had been off the air for over one year.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DKWXA (Facility ID: 60046)
FCC History Cards for KWXA  (covering 1954-1981 as KWNA)

WXA
Winnemucca, Nevada
Radio stations disestablished in 2021
Radio stations established in 1955
Defunct radio stations in the United States
WXA
1955 establishments in Nevada
2021 disestablishments in Nevada


This is a list of United States Air Force training squadrons. It covers units that specialize in training such as combat training, flying training, and training squadrons and serves as a break out of the comprehensive List of United States Air Force squadrons. Units in this list are assigned to nearly every Major Command in the United States Air Force.

Combat Training Squadrons

Flying Training Squadrons

Training Squadrons

Student Squadrons

References

Training


Salignac (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department

References

Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPIL4 gene.

This gene is a member of the cyclophilin family of peptidylprolyl isomerases. The cyclophilins are a highly conserved family, members of which play an important role in protein folding, immunosuppression by cyclosporin A, and infection of HIV-1 virions.

References

Further reading


Business as Usual is a 1988 drama film written and directed by Lezli-An Barrett. It stars Glenda Jackson and John Thaw. The story is based on the real-life case of Audrey White, a manager at a chain of Lady at Lord John boutiques who was fired from her job after complaining about sexual harassment.

Plot
Babs Flynn is the manager of a Liverpool boutique. When she accuses the regional manager of sexual harassment, she is sacked. Flynn then mounts a public campaign to get her job back.

Cast
 Glenda Jackson as Babs Flynn
 John Thaw as Kieran Flynn
 Cathy Tyson as Josie Patterson
 Eamon Boland as Mr. Barry
 James Hazeldine as Mark
 Mark McGann as Stevie Flynn
 Craig Charles as Eddie

Awards
Business as Usual won the Grand Prix at the 1988 Créteil International Women's Film Festival.

References

External links

1988 films
1988 drama films
Golan-Globus films
British independent films
American independent films
Films about the labor movement
Films about sexual harassment
American drama films
British drama films
1988 independent films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
1980s British films


Membrane progesterone receptor beta (mPRβ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 8 (PAQR8), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR8 gene.

See also
 Membrane progesterone receptor
 Progestin and adipoQ receptor

References

Further reading

7TM receptors


Michael James Mahler (born July 30, 1952) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during eight seasons at the major league level for the Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, California Angels, Montreal Expos, Detroit Tigers, Texas Rangers, and Toronto Blue Jays. A graduate of Trinity University in San Antonio, he was drafted by the Braves in the 10th round of the 1974 amateur draft. Mahler played his first professional season with their Double-A Savannah Braves in 1974, and his last with the St. Louis Cardinals' Triple-A Louisville Redbirds in 1987. He is the brother of the late pitcher Rick Mahler. The brothers were teammates playing for the Triple-A Richmond Braves before each was called up to Atlanta.

Mahler threw hard and had a big slow 12-6 curveball. Though hardly a distinguished major leaguer, he was involved in a number of historic moments during his short career.

Pitching in a game with his brother

On September 25, 1979, Mahler and his brother, Rick Mahler, appeared in a major league game together as Braves teammates, in a game against the Houston Astros at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.  Mickey Mahler gave up two runs in two innings, while his brother, Rick, pitched one scoreless inning.

One-hit shutout in 1985

On June 5, 1985, Mahler pitched the best game of his major league career, a one-hitter for the Expos in his first big league shutout in a 6–0 victory over the Giants at Candlestick Park.  Mahler yielded his lone hit to Dan Gladden.  It also was Mahler's first complete game since 1979.  "So much of the game is luck," Mahler told reporters after the game.  "I didn't feel I pitched that well--not that I pitched that badly--but the wind here can help a pitcher. It held up a lot of balls that might have been hit out or gone through the gaps in the outfield.  I owe a lot of appreciation to the people in the Montreal organization who gave me the opportunity to pitch in the majors again. I felt like I had a lot to prove to people with other clubs that didn't keep me. No matter what I do from now on, they can't take away that game I just pitched."

Mahler pitched two no-hitters while in the minor leagues.  On June 1, 1977, Mahler threw a no-hitter for the Richmond Braves AAA team against the Toledo Mud Hens.  In 1974 he no-hit the Birmingham Barons (Double A team for the Oakland A's) of the Southern League.

Other noteworthy outings

On September 18, 1985, Mahler pitched  innings of one-hit relief to lead the Detroit Tigers to a 5–2 victory over the New York Yankees, thus denying a bid by Phil Niekro to win his 300th game.  Mahler, who relieved Juan Berenguer after he got into trouble in the first inning, retired 23 of the 25 hitters he faced, including the first 15 hitters who came up against him.  A former teammate of Niekro's, Mahler told reporters after the game that "The thing I remember most about (Niekro) is what a great guy he was.  I didn't think about the Niekro thing at all.  I hated to be the one to beat him but that's the game."

In that same game, New York Yankees manager Billy Martin sent left-handed-hitter Mike Pagliarulo up to bat right-handed against Mahler.  Detroit Tigers catcher Bob Melvin was reported to have asked Pagliarulo, "What the hell are you doing?"  Pagliarulo's reply: "I'm trying to get a base hit!"  Ultimately, however, Pagliarulo took a called third strike.

On July 7, 1986, Mahler gave up the 2,000th hit to Dave Winfield.

On September 2, 1986, Mahler plunked Brett Butler in the shoulder and immediately was removed the game, which Mahler's Blue Jays lost 9–5 to the Cleveland Indians. He would only pitch in one more game.

Witticisms

Throughout his career, Mahler had a rapport with the press.  In 1986, he told USA Today, "If I were commissioner, I'd send every major league player down to Triple-A after three years to see how good they have it now," only to be sent down to Triple-A the following day, on July 29, 1986.

In 1986, after hitting Cleveland's Brett Butler with a pitch, Mahler told reporters, "The thing is, the signal here for the fastball is the signal for the curve in Texas and Oklahoma.  When I got the sign, my mind said 'curve.'  I took my grip, went into the stretch, kicked up the leg and, right in the middle of my motion, it dawned on me 'fastball.'  I wound up trying to change my grip mid-motion."

In reflecting on his career as a journeyman, Mahler told the Toronto Star in 1986: "It's not a pleasant way to spend a career, but the memories will be incredible. I've played with Reggie Jackson and Rod Carew and Dale Murphy, I've learned from Tom House and (Johnny) Sain, the two best pitching coaches in the business. I've been around, seen the best. It's not so bad a life. This is the best job in the world and I'll do anything they say - chalk the field before the game, sweep the dugout."

External links

Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League)

1952 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Montgomery, Alabama
Bradenton Explorers players
California Angels players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Daytona Beach Explorers players
Detroit Tigers players
Edmonton Trappers players
Indianapolis Indians players
Leones del Escogido players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Montreal Expos players
Nashville Sounds players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Portland Beavers players
Richmond Braves players
Salt Lake City Gulls players
Savannah Braves players
Texas Rangers players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Trinity Tigers baseball players


Saumane (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department

References

Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia