WXYB (1520 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Indian Rocks Beach, Florida, and serving the Tampa Bay area.  The station is currently owned by Angelatos Broadcasting.

The station airs an ethnic radio format featuring shows in Greek, Spanish and other languages.  It sells blocks of brokered time to hosts who then seek advertising support from their communities.

AM facilities and FM translator
Because it shares AM 1520 with Class A clear channel radio stations WWKB in Buffalo, New York and KOKC in Oklahoma City, this station previously was a daytimer.  To avoid interfering with those 50,000 watt stations, it was required to sign off at sunset.  On May 15, 2008, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined WXYB $4,000 for operating during the nighttime hours. Further inspections find that while the station signed off, equipment failure has prevented WXYB from shutting down completely. It has since then been fixed and the FCC reduced the fines to $3,000 based on its history of compliance with the rules.

WXYB is now able to broadcast around the clock.  It is powered at 1,000 watts by day.  But it operates at the reduced power of 13 watts after sunset.  WXYB uses a non-directional antenna at all times.  The transmitter is off Cheyenne Drive North in Seminole, Florida.

WXYB is also heard on 65 watt FM translator station 103.9 W280FD in Largo, Florida.

Tower collapse
WXYB transmits from a tower located on Cheyenne Drive near 78th Avenue North in Seminole. WXYB had been transmitting from tower #1 used by WHBO. However in 2006, the tower fell when the guy wires were clipped by construction equipment at a housing development that was built around the antennas. WXYB was forced to operate from the third tower of the former WFSO (now WTBN) array, under FCC Special Temporary Authority ("STA"). This tower was not used by WHBO, while the other two in the array were.

In August, 2010, WXYB applied to use the "STA" tower as its permanent home, with a new nighttime authorization of 20 watts. The FCC granted the construction permit on October 14, 2011, and the license on October 9, 2015.

References

External links

XYB
XYB
Radio stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Florida


Verclause (; Vivaro-Alpine: Verclausa) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Saint-Sauveur (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Old Owl  (Comanche, Mupitsukupʉ) (c. late 1780s – 1849) was a Native American Civil Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians.

Early life
Nothing is known of his youth or early years. Older than the two war chiefs, Old Owl was a member of the same band of the Comanche as the more famous Buffalo Hump (Potsʉnakwahipʉ), Yellow Wolf (Saviah) and Santa Anna. Although known as a civil, or peace, Chief, he was known to lead war parties. He was an important chief, though probably less influential than Buffalo Hump during the 1830s and 1840s. He was originally, along with Buffalo Hump and Santa Anna, a leader of Comanche resistance to Anglo settlement in Texas, especially during the period following the Council House Fight.

Council House Fight

Like most Comanche Chiefs, Old Owl came to white attention following the Council House Fight. He, along with Santa Anna, was part of the Great Raid of 1840 which Buffalo Hump organized to take revenge for what the Comanche viewed as the "utter betrayal of their people at the Council House." But Old Owl was the first among the Comanche Chiefs to recognize that defeating the whites was unlikely. He began advocating peace around 1842, and is best known for his meeting with Robert Neighbors and his subsequent signing of the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty."

Robert Neighbors and Old Owl

Robert Neighbors recorded one of the best known meetings with Old Owl. While he was a Texas Indian Agent for the Republic in 1845, Major Neighbors was at a Tonkawa camp. Old Owl arrived with 40 warriors, and in a manner the Major called "most insolent," demanded that the Tonkawa feed the war party and their horses, and provide for them entertainment. The Tonkawas, in fear of their lives, provided 40 women, food and shelter, and cared for the horses at once. Neighbors, who had just been appointed Indian Agent for all Texas Indians including the Comanche, took this opportunity to meet some of his new charges, and told them he was hopeful of civilizing them. Old Owl, introduced to Neighbors, complimented him on his fine blue coat. Neighbors, understanding the meaning of this compliment, presented the Chief with the coat immediately. Other warriors admired his pants, boots, and other clothing, and soon Neighbors was standing only in a nightshirt.

Old Owl however, took a liking to the fearless Neighbors. He told him though most whites irritated him, he liked Neighbors, and invited him to accompany the war party, and he proposed instead of Neighbors making a civilized man of him, that he would make a fine Comanche, warrior and horse thief out of Neighbors. The war party with Neighbors, who felt this was no time to decline, went to Mexico, where Neighbors attempted to buy beef on credit to feed the warriors. When the Mexicans declined to sell beef to a Republic of Texas official on credit, Old Owl told them two beeves were to be forthcoming immediately, or the hacienda would be burned down and every living being killed. This proved highly effective, and the food was immediately forthcoming.

Neighbors, having left an indelible impression on Old Owl as the first Republic of Texas official to ever ride with a Comanche War Party, (and the only Republic of Texas official to ever ride with a war party), took his leave of them with thanks, and went home.

Old Owl and the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty
When the Germans decided a treaty was possible with the fierce Comanche, Old Owl was one of the Chiefs they negotiated with.  Geologist Dr. Ferdinand von Roemer was present at those treaty talks, which resulted in the Meusebach-Comanche Treaty, and left an enduring and vivid portrait of the three chiefs who were representing the Comanche bands, including Old Owl (the others being Buffalo Hump and Santa Anna):

The three chiefs, who were at the head of all the bands of the Comanches roaming the frontiers of the settlements in Texas looked very dignified and grave. They differed much in appearance. [Old Owl] the political chief, was a small old man who in his dirty cotton jacket looked undistinguished and only his diplomatic crafty face marked him. The war chief, Santa Anna, presented an altogether different appearance. He was a powerfully built man with a benevolent and lively countenance. The third, Buffalo Hump, was the genuine, unadulterated picture of a North American Indian. Unlike the majority of his tribe, he scorned all European dress. The upper part of his body was naked. A buffalo hide was wound around his hips. Yellow copper rings decorated his arms and a string of beads hung from his neck. With his long, straight black hair hanging down, he sat there with the earnest (to the European almost apathetic) expression of countenance of the North American savage. He drew special attention to himself because in previous years he had distinguished himself for daring and bravery in many engagements with the Texans.

Death
Like so many of the Comanche, including his compatriot and friend Santa Anna, Old Owl died during the epidemics of 1848-49. It is believed, like Santa Anna, he died of cholera in 1849, but he may have died the previous year during the smallpox epidemic. It is estimated that the overall Comanche population declined from approximately 20,000 to less than 12,000 in those two years.

References

Further reading
 Bial, Raymond. Lifeways: The Comanche. New York: Benchmark Books, 2000.
 Brice, Donaly E. The Great Comanche Raid: Boldest Indian Attack on the Texas Republic McGowan Book Co. 1987
 Fehrenbach, Theodore Reed. The Comanches: The Destruction of a People. New York: Knopf, 1974, . Later (2003) republished under the title The Comanches: The History of a People
 Frazier, Ian. Great Plains. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1989.
 John, Elizabeth and A.H. Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of the Indian, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540–1795. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 1975.
 Jones, David E. Sanapia: Comanche Medicine Woman. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974.
 Lodge, Sally. Native American People: The Comanche. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Publications, Inc., 1992.
 Lund, Bill. Native Peoples: The Comanche Indians. Mankato, MN: Bridgestone Books, 1997.
 Richardson, Rupert N. The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement: A Century and a Half of Savage Resistance to the Advancing White Frontier. Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark Company, 1933.
 Rollings, Willard. Indians of North America: The Comanche. New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989.
 Secoy, Frank. Changing Military Patterns on the Great Plains. Monograph of the American Ethnological Society, No. 21. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.
 Schilz, Jodye Lynn Dickson and Thomas F.Schilz. Buffalo Hump and the Penateka Comanches, Texas Western Press, El Paso, 1989.
 Streissguth, Thomas. Indigenous Peoples of North America: The Comanche. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books Incorporation, 2000.
 Wallace, Ernest, and E. Adamson Hoebel. The Comanches: Lords of the Southern Plains. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1952.

External links
 "The Texas Comanches" on Texas Indians
 "Comanche" Skyhawks Native American Dedication (August 15, 2005)
 "Comanche" on the History Channel (August 26, 2005)

1780s births
1849 deaths
Native American leaders
Comanche people
Battles involving the Comanche
Texas–Indian Wars
1840 in the United States
Native American history of Texas


Vercoiran () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


LTPS or LTPs may refer to:

 Lawrence Township Public Schools, including Lawrence High School (New Jersey)
 Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, a transistor type used in the flat-panel display industry
 Latitudinal Temperature Probe System, an instrument in the physics experiment Borexino
 Local Transport Plans in England
 Let the Peoples Sing international choir competition

See also

 LTP (disambiguation), for the singular of LTPs


Véronne () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Vers-sur-Méouge is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


WYBX (88.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Conservative Christian format. Licensed to Key West, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area. The station is owned by Bible Broadcasting Network, Inc.

History
The station was assigned call sign WAVQ on September 27, 2002. The station changed its call sign to WAZQ on January 26, 2006. On April 9, 2009, the station changed its call sign to the WKZG, and again on June 24, 2012, to the current WYBX.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 2005
Bible Broadcasting Network
2005 establishments in Florida
YBX
Radio stations in Key West, Florida


"Starcamp EP" is the 17th single by Japanese singer and voice actress Nana Mizuki. It was released on 6 February 2008. "Starcamp EP" contains the opening theme and ending theme for the anime Rosario to Vampire.

Track listing
 Astrogation
Lyrics: Hibiki
Composition, arrangement: Jun Suyama
Theme in February for TV program Music Fighter
 COSMIC LOVE
Lyrics: Ryōji Sonoda
Composition, arrangement: Junpei Fujita (Elements Garden)
Opening theme for anime television series Rosario to Vampire.
 Dancing in the velvet moon
Lyrics: Nana Mizuki
Composition: Noriyasu Agematsu  (Elements Garden)
Arrangement: Noriyasu Agematsu  (Elements Garden), Masato Nakayama (Elements Garden)
Ending theme for anime television series Rosario to Vampire.

Lyrics: SAYURI
Composition, arrangement: Tsutomu Ohira

Charts

2008 singles
Nana Mizuki songs


Vesc () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


The Glass Nickel Pizza Co. (GNPC) is a mid-sized delivery, carry-out and dine-in Italian restaurant based in Madison, Wisconsin. Currently, the restaurant has nine locations throughout Wisconsin.

History
The company was founded by Brian Glassel and Tim Nicholson in 1997 on the east side of Madison, Wisconsin. Two years later Timothy Archer and Neil Spath opened a store on Madison's west side.  Since then, two more stores have opened in the Madison area: Fitchburg and downtown Sun Prairie, as well as one in Oshkosh.  GN Independents, the franchising arm of Glass Nickel Pizza Company, began franchising, with the first franchised store in Green Bay, Wisconsin and the second in Brookfield, Wisconsin. The Sun Prairie location was destroyed in a July 10, 2018 natural gas explosion in downtown Sun Prairie, and reopened in a new location on 815 W Main St in October 2018. On March 2, 2020, the company opened a store in Rib Mountain, Wisconsin/Wausau, Wisconsin. The new permanent Sun Prairie Wisconsin opened up in March 2022

Menu
The menu serves pasta, pizza, calzones, salads, appetizers, sandwiches, soups, desserts and beverages.  Pizzas are available in a hand-tossed style, but may also be ordered thin crust, super thin crust or thick crust.  Pizza sizes range from 10" to 16".  The best selling pizza is the "Fetalicious," a specialty
pizza topped with spinach, red onions, tomatoes, mushrooms and feta cheese.  Other notable pizzas include "The Ranch," a pizza that uses ranch dressing instead of the traditional pizza sauce as a base, and "The Thai Pie," which uses peanut sauce as a base.  Pizza toppings include the traditional and non-traditional, such as salami, corn, blue cheese and cilantro.  Deli sandwiches are made with Boar's Head Deli meats, a selective East Coast deli.

Environmentalism

The Glass Nickel is known around Madison for its commitment to environmental sustainability and responsibility.  The use of waste vegetable oil (WVO) and hybrid vehicles is unique to delivery restaurants in Madison, and to most delivery systems in America.  WVO vehicles are diesel vehicles that have been converted to run off used fryer grease, or other vegetable based oils.  The original Glass Nickel has a system in place to automatically convert used fryer oil into fuel for vehicles.  Used oil from deep fryers is transported through the building into a  filtration room in the restaurant's basement.  There, the oil is run through a series of filters and placed in a holding tank until needed for fuel for the delivery fleet.  On the outside of the building is a diesel pump that delivery drivers and neighbors use to fill their vehicles.  The entire configuration is self-contained within the store.  The cars average 45-50 MPG on WVO. Because the oil is made from living plants, any carbon dioxide emissions are a zero addition to the atmosphere, as the plants used for oil—canola, corn, soy, etc.,-- remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.  The Glass Nickel also owns and operates two hybrid vehicles in their delivery fleet.  New franchisees are required to own and operate at least one Alternative fuel vehicle in their delivery fleet by their third year of operation, be it a WVO Vehicle, hybrid or electric. Furthermore, the store is in the process of converting its interior lighting from fluorescent to L.E.D. light. A new pizza oven shuts off when pizzas are not baking, saving natural gas. Only two of the GN stores currently own and operate these ovens: Fitchburg and the Atwood location.  Plans are in the works for a solar array to be constructed atop the restaurant as well.

Awards
 Madison's Favorite Pizza - Isthmus Magazine's "Annual Manual" - 9 years in a row (1999–2007)
 Best of Madison - Madison Magazine - 7 years in a row (2001–2007)
 Top 100 Independents - Pizza Today Magazine -  #13 currently.  3rd year on the list.

References

External links

Pizzerias in the United States
Restaurants in Wisconsin
Privately held companies based in Wisconsin
Restaurants established in 1997
American companies established in 1997
1997 establishments in Wisconsin


Huang Qian (; born July 18, 1986) is a Chinese chess player who holds the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She won the Chinese Women's Chess Championship in 2012 and the Asian Women's Chess Championship in 2013. Huang competed in the Women's World Chess Championship in 2001, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017.

Career
Huang was a member of the gold medal-winning Chinese team at the 2004 Women's Chess Olympiad in Calvià.
In 2007, along with Zhao Xue, Hou Yifan, Ruan Lufei and Shen Yang, she also won with the Chinese team the first Women's World Team Chess Championship in Yekaterinburg. She scored of 4/4 (despite this 100% result she did not win reserve board prize due to the limited number of games played).

Huang was awarded the Woman Grandmaster title in March 2008. Her three norms required for the title were achieved at:

 36th Chess Olympiad (Women) in Calvià, Spain October 14–31, 2004; score 7.5/10
 China Women's Individual Championship Group A in Chongqing, China June 6–19, 2007; score 6.5/10
 12th Asian Women Individual Championship in Tehran, Iran September 3–11, 2007; score 5.5/9

In 2013, she won the Zhonghai Huashan Cup for Women Stars, a rapidplay women's round-robin tournament held in Huayin, on tiebreak over Viktorija Cmilyte with a score of 4½/7, half point ahead of Tatiana Kosintseva and Women's World Champion Anna Ushenina. Huang Qian played in the Women World Rapid Championship in Riyadh 2017 and realised her best results with the black pieces (2 wins, 2 draws). In 2019, she won the Yinzhou Cup in Ningbo, China for women.

Huang Qian plays for China Mobile Group Chongqing Company Ltd chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).

Personal life
Huang Qian is married to chess grandmaster Bu Xiangzhi.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Chess woman grandmasters
Chinese female chess players
Chinese chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
Asian Games medalists in chess
Chess players at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in chess
Chess players from Chongqing
Universiade bronze medalists for China
Medalists at the 2011 Summer Universiade


Gilda Olvidado (born 9 August 1957 in Cebu City, Cebu) is a Filipina movie and television writer, and melodrama novelist. Her novels have been turned into live-action movies by VIVA Films, and also been remade for television through Sine Novela.

Family
Olvidado's parents are Gregorio Tan and Guarda Olvidado. She lived and received early education in Maranding, Lanao del Norte, Northern Mindanao. Olvidado is the wife of Ruben Marcelino, a former editor-in-chief of the Atlas Publishing Company, with whom she had two children.

Education
She was a student of Chemistry at Adamson University. For two years, she took units of Journalism at the Manuel L. Quezon University.

Influences
Olvidado had been influenced by Carlo J. Caparas, particularly in the field of writing for Philippine comics.

Career

Philippine comics
Olvidado's first serial in Philippine comics was Cha Lee's Angels, a comedy. Her second serial was Kapag Puso ang Nagsasakdal, a drama. Olvidado decided to focus on writing drama in Philippine comics after the satisfactory acceptance of Kapag Puso ang Nagsasakdal by readers. Olvidado authored other Philippine comics novels such as Sinasamba Kita (1982), Dapat Ka Bang Mahalin? (1984), Kung Mahawi Man Ang Ulap (1984), Ina, Kasusuklaman Ba Kita? (1985), Huwag Mo Kaming Isumpa (1986), Huwag Mong Itanong Kung Bakit (1986),
Pinulot Ka Lang sa Lupa (1987), Saan Nagtatago ang Pag-ibig (1987), Magkano ang Iyong Dangal (1988), and Babangon Ako at Dudurgin Kita (1989). Olvidado wrote the Philippine comics novels entitled Mirasol for Gwapo Komiks, Kumurap ang Buwan for Klasik Komiks, and The Babe and the Beast for Super Funny Komix.

Paperbacks
She proceeded to authoring Tagalog romance paperbacks for Valentine Romances, Twin Hearts, and Gemini pocketbooks. In 1993, Olvidado published her own line of Tagalog pocketbook novels.

Newspaper column
Olvidado wrote in the erotica genre in the Brilgint section of the tabloid newspaper Abante.

Screenplays
Olvidado wrote the screenplays for Filipino films such as Tayo na sa Dilim (1990), Maya (1990), and Bakit Kay Tagal ng Sandali (1990).

Television
Olvidado co-wrote the Filipino telenovelas for Sinasamba Kita (2007), Kung Mahawi Man ang Ulap (2007), Babangon Ako’t Dudurugin Kita (2008) and Dapat Ka Bang Mahalin (2009).  She co-wrote the melodrama television shows such as My Only Love (2007-2008) and Kaputol ng Isang Awit (2008).  Olvidado is currently a resident writer of GMA Network.

Radio
Olvidado wrote for the radio serial Dahlia aired over the DWWW radio station.

Awards
Olvidado was awarded Best Story for the film Saan Nagtatago ang Pag-ibig during the 36th FAMAS Awards ceremonies in 1987. FAMAS nominated her for Best Story for the movies entitled Sinasamba Kita (1982), Kung Mahawi Man ang Ulap (1984), at Huwag Mong Itanong Kung Bakit (1988).

Works
The following is an enumeration of Olvidado's works:

Film
Huwag Mo Kaming Isumpa (1981, novel)
Sinasamba Kita (1982, novel)
Kung Mahawi Man Ang Ulap (1984, novel)
Ina, Kasusuklaman Ba Kita (1985, novel)
Pinulot ka lang sa Lupa  (1987, novel)
Saan Nagtatago Ang Pag-Ibig (1987, novel and screenplay)
Magkano Ang Iyong Dangal (1988, screenplay)
Kung Kasalanan Man (1989, novel and screenplay)
Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita (1989, novel and screenplay)
Tayo Na Sa Dilim (1990, screenplay)
Maya (1990, screenplay)
Bakit Kay Tagal ng Sandali (1990, screenplay)

Television

GMA Network
Sinasamba Kita (2007, novel and co-writer)
Kung Mahawi Man Ang Ulap (2007, novel and co-writer)
My Only Love (2007-2008, co-writer)
Kaputol ng Isang Awit (2008, co-writer)
Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita (2008, novel and co-writer)
Dapat Ka Bang Mahalin? (2009, novel and co-writer)
Ina, Kasusuklaman Ba Kita? (2009, novel)
Temptation of Wife (2012 TV series) (2012–present, writer,co-producer)
The Half Sisters (2014-2016, writer)

ABS-CBN
Magkano Ang Iyong Dangal? (2010, novel)

See also
Lualhati Bautista

References

External links

Filipino columnists
Filipino comics writers
Filipino novelists
Filipino screenwriters
Filipino television writers
1957 births
Living people
Filipino women novelists
Filipino women columnists
Women erotica writers
GMA Network (company) people
ABS-CBN people
Filipino radio writers
Women radio writers
Tagalog-language writers
Adamson University alumni
Manuel L. Quezon University alumni
People from Cebu City
Writers from Cebu
20th-century novelists
21st-century novelists
20th-century Filipino writers
21st-century Filipino writers
20th-century Filipino women writers
21st-century Filipino women writers
Women television writers
Female comics writers


Villebois-les-Pins () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Villefranche-le-Château (; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Villeperdrix is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


WGES-FM (90.9 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a Spanish Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Cutler Bay, Florida, United States, the station serves Miami-Dade County and the upper Florida Keys.  The station is currently owned by Grupo Génesis.

References

External links

GES-FM
Radio stations established in 1995
GES-FM
1995 establishments in Florida


Volvent () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Laitakari beacon tower is a daymark (navigational aid) located on the island of Laitakari in the Gulf of Bothnia in Finland. The island is located east-northeast of Hailuoto and is within the municipal boundaries of the City of Oulu. There has been a navigational aid on the island since the 1750s, and a beacon tower has been marked on a chart dated in 1785.

The current Laitakari beacon tower was built in 1851. The top of the tower is built of wooden boards and painted red. The top structure is resting on top of supporting wooden beams wedged into the gravel. The structure survived the Crimean War, and is still being used as a navigational aid. When aligned with the bell tower of Oulu Cathedral, it guides small vessels to the fairway leading past the northern coastline of Hailuoto island.

The tower is 17,4 metres (57 ft) high from sea level and 15,6 metres (51 ft) from the ground.

Sources

Towers completed in 1851
Buildings and structures in Oulu
Gulf of Bothnia
Beacon towers
Landmarks in Finland
1851 establishments in the Russian Empire
Daymarks


Bacqueville () is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Eure department

References

Communes of Eure


Milton Viera Rivero (born May 11, 1946) is a former Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a midfielder. In 1975 he was called to the World XI.

Club career

Latin America
Viera took his first football steps at Nacional. He signed his first professional contract with the Uruguayan team in 1962, aged just 17. It was the year he was promoted from the youth ranks to the first team of Nacional. He remained in the team until 1968, even reaching the conquest of two Uruguayan Championships. During his time at Nacional, Viera was called up to the national team at the age of just 20. In 1968, Vieira left Uruguay and traveled to neighboring Argentina on behalf of Boca Juniors. In the club of Buenos Aires he played for just one year making a total of three appearances, failing to win a title. In 1969 he returned to Uruguay, this time on behalf of Peñarol. He played there for three years, without however managing to win a title. During his time at theclub, Vieira made intermittent very good performances, which caused the interest of several teams in both Latin America and Europe.

Olympiacos
In 1972, he left Latin America for the first time in his career and traveled to Europe, specifically Greece with destination Olympiacos. In fact, in the summer that he transferred to club of Piraeus, Julio Losada was also acquired, which made it easier for Viera to adapt to his new team. Characteristic of the fame of Viera at that time, was the fact that he was the first footballer to compete in Greece having previously participated in a FIFA World Cup. With the red and whites, he won 3 consecutive Greek championships and 2 Greek Cups including 2 domestic doubles. During the presence of Viera in Olympiacos and specifically on 26 March 1975, he alongside his teammate, Giorgos Delikaris competed in with World XI match together with Pele and Johan Cruyff. In his last season at Olympiacos, he suffered from a health problem and incorrect diagnoses by doctors at the Romanian clinic where the Piraeus management had sent him. With the intervention of his journalist friend Nikitas Gavalas, he visited a specialist doctor in Austria where he underwent a hernia operation to overcome the problem that was bothering him. Returning fully recovered to Greece, he faced the indifference of the people of the team who, taking into account his advanced footballing age of 31 years and the burden of his health adventure, released him.

AEK Athens
Upon hearing of his release from Olympiacos, the manager of AEK Athens, František Fadrhonc saw in his face the ideal solution to complete the "yellow-black" midfield, he suggested to Loukas Barlos the acquisition of Viera. Barlos, after getting the consent of the club's doctor and former president of the then HFF, Vasilis Chatzigiannis regarding the player's health, responded immediately and in the summer of 1977 Viera came to AEK. Alongside players such as Mimis Papaioannou, Thomas Mavros, Takis Nikoloudis, Christos Ardizoglou and Tasos Konstantinou, they created a spectacular team. Viera became the irreplaceable "link" that connected the defensive with the attacking function of the team sometimes enlisting the required toughness of the defender and sometimes displaying technical training of a rare virtuoso. In the two seasons he played in the "double-headed eagle", he celebrated the 2 consecutive Championships and a Greek Cup including a domestic double in 1978. A new injury in 1979 season forced him to terminate his contract with AEK and retire as a footballer. A last-ditch effort by the sports writer Giorgos Venetoulias to play one more season in the Ethnikos Piraeus was eventually fruitless.

International career
Vieira made 5 appearances, scoring once with Uruguay. He was called up for the first time in 1966 the age of just 20. It was in the 1966 FIFA World Cup tie against England, in a match where he played as a starter.

After football
Viera returned in 1979 to Uruguay, gradually developing an activity as a football manager based in Montevideo, where he lives until today having three sons. The last one which was born during his time at the AEK, was named by him the name, "Loukas" as a sing of respect and tribute to the then President of AEK, Loukas Barlos, whom he valued unimaginably and loved as his second father.

Honours

Nacional
Uruguayan Primera División: 1963, 1966

Olympiacos
Alpha Ethniki: 1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75
Greek Cup: 1972–73, 1974–75

AEK Athens
Alpha Ethniki: 1977–78, 1978–79
Greek Cup: 1977–78

References

External links

Milton Viera at phantis.com

1946 births
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Uruguayan Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Club Nacional de Football players
Peñarol players
Boca Juniors footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina
1966 FIFA World Cup players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Living people
Men's association football midfielders


The 2008 Arizona Republican presidential primary took place on February 5, 2008, with 50 national delegates.

Results

Note: * Includes 3 unpledged Republican National Committee delegates

See also
 2008 Arizona Democratic primary
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries

References

Arizona
2008 Arizona elections
2008 Super Tuesday
Arizona Republican primaries


Sounds of the Spirit (S.O.S. Radio) is a network of 29 radio stations in the United States broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. The stations and network are owned by Faith Communications Corporation a non-profit corporation which is listener-supported.

Stations
Sounds of the Spirit has 28 radio stations. The network's flagship station is KSOS in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Full-powered stations

Translators
In addition to its full-powered stations, Sounds of the Spirit is relayed by an additional 21 translators.

References

External links
Official site

American radio networks
Christian radio stations in the United States


Jacobabad Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Jacobabad District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is subdivided into 15 Union Councils, 8 of which comprise the capital Jacobabad

History
During British rule, the taluka was part of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency - the Imperial Gazetteer of India describes the taluka as follows:

References

Talukas of Sindh
Jacobabad District

See Also
 Jacobabad Junction railway station
 Jacobabad
 Jacobabad District


The Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery is located in the Phillips Fine Arts Building on the campus of Jacksonville University. It was named for its primary benefactor. The museum features collections of carved ivory, Pre-Columbian artifacts, Steuben glass, Chinese porcelain, Cloisonné, Tiffany glass, and Boehm porcelain  as well as rotating exhibitions.

References

External links
Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery - official site at Jacksonville University
History of the Museum
Information about the Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery

Museums in Jacksonville, Florida
University museums in Florida
Art museums and galleries in Florida
Pre-Columbian art museums in the United States
Jacksonville University
Arlington, Jacksonville


The 2008 Arkansas Republican presidential primary took place on February 5, 2008, with 31 national delegates.

Former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee was the winner of this Primary.

Results

* Includes 31 delegates from February 5 primary results, plus 3 unpledged RNC member delegates

See also
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries
 2008 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary

References

Arkansas
Republican presidential primary
2008 Super Tuesday
Arkansas Republican primaries


The 2008 Colorado Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 5, 2008, with two national delegates.

Colorado chose 21 other delegates during district conventions from May 24 to June 7, 2008.

Results

See also
 2008 Colorado Democratic caucuses
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries

References

Wyoming
2008 Colorado elections
Republican Party (United States) events in Colorado
2008 Super Tuesday
Colorado Republican primaries


WMKL (91.9 FM) is a non-commercial radio station broadcasting a Catholic radio format owned by Radio Maria Inc.
Radio Maria USA programming is originated by KJMJ 580 kHz in Alexandria, Louisiana. The station was previously owned by Call Communications Group, Inc.

Call Communications Group, Inc. was formed during the summer of 1994 by a group of college-age young adults in the Miami area.  WMKL was purchased in late 1999 and began broadcasting at 8:05 PM on February 9, 2000.  Call Communications Group owns or operates additional radio stations that serve Southwest Florida, the Glades region, and the Florida Keys. WMKL first broadcast a contemporary Christianmusic format before being sold to Radio Maria USA. Before the transition was made in December 2020, Radio Maria programming was heard on its HD-2 and HD-3 subchannels.

In May 2019, Call Communications announced it would be "phasing out traditional FM radio" in favor of its online operations.

The station signed off its Contemporary Christian format December 22, 2020 at 11:59 pm. At 12 midnight on December 23, Radio Maria USA commenced broadcasting on WMKL's main programming frequency of 91.9.

Radio Maria programming on WMKL in English and Spanish

The bilingual broadcast times on WMKL are:
English: 3AM-3PM
Spanish: 3PM-3AM

Click here for Radio Maria USA Spanish audistream

See also
KJMJ (Originating English language station)

References

External links
 Official Radio Maria USA site (with streaming audio)

MKL
Catholic radio stations
Radio stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Florida


Dimensional Markup language (DML) is an XML format definition tailored to the needs of dimensional results for Discrete manufacturing.  The purpose is to haul the results between applications that generate or use dimensional information.

A typical scenario is where an inspection device collects dimensional data and sends the information to an SPC package for process analysis or a database for long term storage.

If properly used, DML can be extremely useful by enabling once disparate systems to work together easily.
This document describes the fundamentals of a well formatted DML data set.

Sources
https://web.archive.org/web/20110710141257/http://www.dmisstandard.com/DML/

XML markup languages


WKEY-FM (93.7 MHz) is a radio station located in Key West, Florida, United States. It is owned by William Ostrander, through licensee Radio One Key West, LLC, and broadcasts a yacht rock format known as "Key 93.7".

History
The station went on the air as WKRY on 93.5 MHz on November 17, 1985, with a beautiful music format. By 1989, it was an easy listening station with 20 hours of jazz music and 8 hours of classical music a week. On November 23, 1999, the station changed its call sign to the current WKEY-FM. On June 8, 2011, WKEY-FM changed formats to oldies, branded as "True Oldies". The station was moved to 93.7 MHz in 2013 as a contingency of relocating 104.3 MHz from West Palm Beach south toward the Miami market.

Jonathan Smith's Choice Radio Keys Corporation acquired the station in 2016. By that time, it was operating as part of a regional simulcast with WGMX and WKEZ-FM, known as "The Mix". The station then changed to classic hits as "Mix 93.7" on April 1, 2017. Due to an inability to pay outstanding debts, the company assigned the licenses of those stations and AM outlet WFFG to a trustee on June 4, 2018, to be sold for the benefit of creditors.

Effective November 4, 2020, the trustee sold WKEY-FM to Spottswood Partners II, Ltd., for $15,000 and the cancellation of a lease valued at $85,899. The station had been off the air since March 2020, with the trustee citing needed tower work. On January 8, 2021, WKEY-FM resumed broadcasting, branded as "93.7 NRG", a new non-stop dance and disco music format created by NRG Media of Florida, which leased the station from Spottswood.

WKEY was purchased by Radio One Key West, LLC—headed by Buffalo, New York, broadcaster William Ostrander, who goes by the name "Buddy Shula" and owns WECK serving that city—on October 1, 2022, for $301,000. On October 18, WKEY-FM‘s format changed from smooth jazz to "mellow rock", branded as "Key 93.7".

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1985
WKEY-FM
1985 establishments in Florida
Rock radio stations in the United States
Soft adult contemporary radio stations in the United States


Prostitution in Kazakhstan is itself legal, but acts facilitating prostitution, such as operating a brothel or prostitution ring, are illegal. Forced prostitution and prostitution connected to organised crime are prohibited. Prostitution is a serious problem. NGOs reported that criminal prostitution rings often included local law enforcement officials.

Estimates of the number of prostitutes in Kazakhstan vary from 4,000 and 25.000, including a number from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine.

Sex workers often face harassment, extortion, arbitrary arrest, rape and violence from the police.

HIV testing is mandatory for male sex workers, however in practice female sex workers are also forced to have the test. Any sex worker who continues to offer services after a positive test could be prosecuted for the deliberate spreading of an infection.

Legislation
As part of the USSR, Kazakh SSR, prostitution was banned on 13 July 1987; For the initial offence, a fine of 100 rubles was levied, for a second offence, 200 rubles.

After independence, Kazakhstan abolished the laws banning prostitution in January 2001. Related activities are still a criminal offence:
 Organising or running a brothel
 Allowing premises to be used as a brothel
 Living off the earnings from prostitution
 Procuring for the purposes of prostitution
 Forcing a person into prostitution

In 2009, a group of disabled people in Karaganda asked the country's parliament for legalisation to subsidise commercial sex for the disabled. They were unsuccessful.

Kazakhstan passed a law designed to combat trafficking in persons on 4 July 2013.

On 1 January 2015, Kazakhstan introduced an administrative offence, article 449 "Attaching in public places," which includes, among other things, prostitutes soliciting potential clients in public. Prostitutes quietly standing on the spot were not affected. As this is an administrative offence, any fines imposed cannot be appealed.

597 self-declared sex workers sent an open letter to President Nursultan Nazarbayev, the UN and OSCE in August 2016. The asked that prostitution be legislated and regulated. They argued that regulation would provide better working conditions and security for the sex-workers and that taxes on prostitution would contribute to the  Kazakhstani government coffers.

Prostitution of minors
Prostitution of minors is a problem in Kazakhstan. In Almaty, it is estimated the a third of prostitutes are underage.

Almaty airport is used as a transit hub for Central Asian girls being sent to Amsterdam, Korea and the United Arab Emirates.

Law enforcement agencies are trying to break up the gangs behind this. Officials claim that the number of minors involved in prostitution is systematically decreasing within the country.

Sex trafficking

Kazakhstan is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and girls trafficked from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Ukraine to Kazakhstan and on to Russia and the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) for purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labour in the construction and agricultural industries. Kazakhstani men and women are trafficked internally and to the U.A.E., Azerbaijan, Turkey, Israel, Greece, Russia, and Germany and the United States for purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation.

The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Kazakhstan as a 'Tier 2' country.

See also
 Prostitution in the Soviet Union

References

Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Society of Kazakhstan
Women's rights in Kazakhstan
Human rights in Kazakhstan
Social issues in Kazakhstan


The 2008 Georgia Republican presidential primary took place on February 5, 2008 (Super Tuesday), with 72 national delegates at stake. Mike Huckabee was the winner of the primary.

Results

* Candidate dropped out of the race before the primary

See also

 Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008
 Georgia Democratic primary, 2008

References

Georgia
2008 Georgia (U.S. state) elections
2008 Super Tuesday
Georgia Republican primaries


The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries.

The World office is currently based in Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each.

Governance Structure
The World Board is the governing body of the World YWCA, and includes representatives from all regions of the global YWCA movement. The World Council is the legislative authority and governing body of the World YWCA. The 20 women who serve on the World Board are elected during the World Council, which meets every four years to make decisions that impact the entire movement. This includes the World YWCA's policy, constitution, strategic direction, and budgets. The Council includes representatives from the 100+ member associations that are affiliated with the global YWCA movement.

History
The YWCA history dates back to 1855, when the philanthropist Lady Mary Jane Kinnaird founded the North London Home for nurses travelling to or from the Crimean War. The home addressed the needs of single women arriving from rural areas to join the industrial workforce in London, by offering housing, education and support with a "warm Christian atmosphere". Kinnaird's organisation merged with the Prayer Union started by evangelist Emma Robarts in 1877.

The Australian YWCA was formed in 1880 when Mary Jane Barker organised the initial meeting in Sydney. Ann Alison Goodlet became its first President. Goodlet served until 1903.

In 1884, the YWCA was restructured. Until then, London had had almost a separate organisation, but there was now one YWCA organisation. Beneath this there were separate staffs and Presidents for London, England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, "Foreign" and Colonial and Missionary. This organisation distributed Christian texts and literature, but it also interviewed young women in an effort to improve living conditions. In 1884, they were working amongst Scottish fisherwomen, publishing their own magazine and operating a ladies' restaurant in London.

The World YWCA was founded in 1894, with USA, Great Britain, Norway and Sweden as its founding mothers.

The first world conference of the YWCA was held in 1898 in London, with 326 participants from 77 countries from around the world.

Early 20th century

In the beginning of the 20th century, a shift began within the YWCA. While industrialization had been a founding concern of the association, it had sought primarily to evangelise, and to protect women morally and socially from the consequences of urban life. But the emerging socialist movement began to affect these objectives.  The first sign of this was during the 1910 World YWCA conference in Berlin, when a resolution was passed against considerable opposition, requiring the association to study social and industrial problems, and to educate working women about the "social measures and legislation enacted in their behalf."  Over time the well-organised activists were able to take control of the YWCA, discard its original purposes, and employ it as part of their own movement.  By 1920 the process was complete, and the YWCA became a largely secular organisation in all but name, with ties to Social Gospel groups.

Until 1930, the headquarters of the World YWCA were in London. The executive committee was entirely British, with an American General Secretary. This policy resulted in a resolutely Anglo-Saxon lens through which the association viewed the world. In 1930, however, the World YWCA headquarters were moved to Geneva, Switzerland, the same city as the newly formed League of Nations. This was symbolic of the drive to become a more diverse association, and also to co-operate fully with other organizations in Geneva (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the YMCA).

World War II
In several countries, particularly in Eastern Europe, YWCAs were suppressed and disbanded. Throughout occupied Europe, however, women worked to construct support systems for their neighbors and refugees.

Shortly after the end of the war, the YWCA worked to fortify the bonds of women throughout the world by holding the first World Council meeting in nearly a decade in Hangzhou in 1947. This was significant in being the first World Council held outside of the West, and further voiced the desire to be an inclusive, worldwide movement. It also served to bring together women who lived in countries that had been enemies during the war, and to raise awareness among the western YWCAs that the ruin of war was not limited to Europe.

During the following decades, the World YWCA spent much time researching and working with the issues of refugees, health, HIV and AIDS, literacy, the human rights of women and girls, the advancement of women and the eradication of poverty; mutual service, sustainable development and the environment; education and youth, peace and disarmament, and young women's leadership. These issues continue to play an integral role in the World YWCA movement.

Programs

YWCA Week Without Violence
Each year during the third week of October, YWCAs worldwide focus on raising awareness to end violence against women and girls.

YWCA Week of Prayer
Starting in 1904, the World YWCA and the World Alliance of YMCAs have issued a joint call to prayer during the Week of Prayer and World Fellowship. During this week, the two movements pray and act together on a particular theme in solidarity with members and partners around the world. The week-long event is a Bible study based on that year's theme.

World YWCA Day
In 1948, World YWCA's Observance Day was born, to help each member see how she could act locally in relation to the theme for the year. Some chosen themes for the Observance Day have been: My Faith and My Work, My Place in the World, My Contribution to World Peace, I Confront a Changing World, Toward One World and My Task in Family Life Today. In 1972, the event name was changed to World YWCA Day, and the date of celebration for World YWCA Day became April 24.

YWCAs around the world
YWCA has a presence in over 100 countries, and includes national and regional entities in eight global regions. Many regional YWCAs operate as independent entities at the local level and belong to their country's national YWCA body as part of a federated, membership-based model.

Europe

The European YWCA includes national YWCAs in Belarus, Denmark, Great Britain, Norway, Romania, and more. The European YWCA is a regional legally registered body, serving as an umbrella organization for the national YWCAs around the European continent. YWCA Scotland works under the name The Young Women's Movement.

Middle East

The YWCAs of the Middle East region are in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine.

Africa

There are over 20 national YWCAs serving communities across the Africa region, including in Burkina Faso, Malawi, South Africa, and Togo.

Asia

YWCA has a presence in a number of countries in Asia, including Bangladesh, China, India, Korea, Nepal, Taiwan, and Thailand. Sophia Cooke established of the Young Women's Christian Association in Singapore in 1875.

Pacific

National YWCAs in the Pacific region include New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Samoa. In 1878, Dunedin activists established the first YWCA in the southern hemisphere. The YWCA branch in Christchurch was established in 1883 to support visitations to the sick; and, in 1885 Auckland's chapter started up with a strong focus on providing a clean and properly supervised living space for working girls. YWCA Australia dates back to 1880, when the first YWCA in the country was established in Sydney to help migrant women.

North America

In North America, YWCA has a presence in the United States and Canada. YWCA USA was founded in 1858 and today has over 200 member associations, serving over 2 million women, girls, and their families. YWCA USA is one of the largest provider of domestic violence programs and shelters in the United States. YWCA Canada dates back to 1870. Today, YWCA Canada has over 30 member associations, serving 1 million women, girls, and their families.

YWCA USA is headquartered in Washington, DC. Previously its headquarters were in the Empire State Building in New York City.

Caribbean

National YWCAs in the Caribbean region include Barbados, Grenada, Haiti, and Trinidad & Tobago.

Middle and South America

YWCAs of Latina America include Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras, and Suriname.

Leadership since 1855

Partners
The World YWCA is involved and is a part of the Big Six Alliance of Youth Organisations (World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations, World Young Women's Christian Association, World Organization of the Scout Movement, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation). It is also a member of Accountable Now, ACT Alliance, and has consultative status with United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). World YWCA works in partnership with a number of ecumenical players (World Council of Churches, Lutheran World Federation, etc.) and a number of international institutional and government donors.

Bibliography
Mary S. Sims, The YWCA: An Unfolding Purpose (New York: Woman's Press, 1950)
Mary S. Sims, The Purpose Widens, 1947-1967 (New York: YWCA, 1969)
Anna Rice, A History of the World's Young Women's Christian Association (New York: Woman's Press 1947)
Karen Garner, Global Feminism and Postwar Reconstruction: The World YWCA Visitation to Occupied Japan, 1947
Carole Seymour-Jones, Journey of Faith: The History of the World YWCA 1945-1994 (London: Allison & Busby 1994)
Dorothea Browder, A Christian Solution of the Labor Situation: How Workingwomen Reshaped the YWCA's Religious Mission and Politics (Journal of Women's History, Vol. 19, Summer 2007)
List of other YWCA articles

Archives
 Young Women's Christian Association (University of Washington) Records. 1903-1982. 50.6 cubic feet. At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
Young Women's Christian Association of Canada fonds at Library and Archives Canada. The archival reference number is R4957. 1870-1991. 26.1 meters of textual records;1045 photographs (chiefly b&w); 7 audio discs (ca. 3 h, 11 min.); 9 architectural drawings; 5 crests and pennants; 2 printing blocks, linocut, photomechanical cut; 1 print photo-mechanical; 1 award plexiglass; 12 audio reels (ca. 11 h, 35 min); 7 audio cassettes (ca. 7 h, 30 min.); 7 film reels (ca. 3 h).

References

External links

World YWCA official website
YWCA Canada official website
YWCA USA official website
Catalogue of the British YWCA archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
YWCA of the U.S.A. Records, 1855-,Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College.

Christian youth organizations
Organisations based in Geneva
Christianity in Geneva
Youth empowerment organizations
Christian women's organizations
International women's organizations


The Battle of Kelja, fought from December 25 to December 27, 1939 in and around the village of Kelja (now Portovoe, Priozersky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia), was a part of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union.

Prelude
In the weeks before the Soviet attack, the whole Taipale sector had been under heavy shelling and daily infantry attacks. These attacks were all repulsed, mainly by Finnish artillery. The infantry attacks had reached their climax on December 17, and abruptly ceased the next day. However, the shelling increased in intensity, and lasted throughout the invasion. In the final days before the main attack, Finnish reconnaissance planes reported the arrival of the Soviet 4th Rifle Division, and ground patrols reported unusually high amounts of Soviet soldiers in the area.

Battle

December 25
The attack began early in the morning, with Soviet soldiers crossing the iced-over Lake Suvanto under the cover of darkness. With the help of dense snowfall, the attack achieved nearly total surprise. The Soviets unleashed a massive artillery barrage on Patoniemi Fort, away from the main attack at Kelja. When the first Soviet soldiers reached the beachhead, artillery finally opened up on rear Finnish positions. This caused confusion as to the size of the attack, including the company defending the beachhead reporting the attack as “nothing unusual”.

Eventually, three beachheads were established at Patoniemi, Volossula, and Kelja. Finnish artillery was able to repel the second and third waves of reinforcements, however a battalion had already landed at each of the three beachheads.

At the Patoniemi sector, the Soviets had deployed their heavy machine guns on the flanks of the Finns before they realised what was happening. The defenders were able to stall the attack long enough to alert their battalion headquarters. Finnish command reacted swiftly, committing a reserve battalion to the defence, and within a few hours the majority of the attackers had been pushed back across the ice or destroyed. However, sporadic resistance lasted until evening, when the area was finally cleared.

The Volossula sector was put on alert after the regimental headquarters was informed of the Patoniemi landings. After reporting that there were no Soviet forces in sight, they were ordered to advance towards Patoniemi. However, the Soviet troops began landing on the shores and they were forced to deal with them before advancing. The Finnish battalion sent to reinforce the company defending the beach was hit by an artillery barrage, but nevertheless reached the objective within an hour. When they got there, the Soviets were already starting to dig in. Intense fighting ensued, and the Soviets were pushed back across the ice with heavy casualties.

At the Kelja sector, the battalion commander received reports of Soviet forces crossing the ice. Finnish artillery opened up immediately and prevented the left wing of the attack from reaching the shores. By the time the battalion reserves could be mobilised, the rest of the attacking forces were already at the edge of the field near Kelja. A Finnish counter-attack managed to push them back to the edge of the forest with the help of an artillery barrage. The Soviet troops dug in and managed to repel another counter-attack, with fighting lasting throughout the day.

December 26

Throughout the day, the Soviets tried to send reinforcements across the ice, most of which were repulsed by Finnish artillery. Two more counter-attacks against the dug-in Soviet positions failed, as the situation became more serious. The Finnish command decided an immediate and decisive attack was needed to defuse the situation. Early in the morning on December 26, the attack began as a company of Finns advanced towards the Soviets. Without artillery, the mortars they were promised and under heavy fire, they were forced to retreat.

Another attack, this time with two companies, began later that day. The attack made some gains early on, but after using most of their ammunition and coming under a heavy artillery bombardment, they were forced to withdraw. The rest of the battalion was ordered to hold their positions and stop reinforcements from crossing the ice.

Throughout the night, the Soviet 4th division made repeated attempts to reinforce their positions on the shore, but because of the clear moonlight, all were repulsed by Finnish artillery. Nearly a regiment took part in these attacks, which were disastrous. Finnish observers reported “...the ice is littered with piles of bodies...”.

December 27
The Finns launched yet another counter-attack after the Soviets were bombarded by artillery. This attack failed due to heavy machine gun fire, and they were forced to withdraw again.

Then, later that day, another counter-attack with more artillery support was launched. This was a success, as the battered Finnish company managed to infiltrate Soviet positions. After over seven hours of continuous fighting, the majority of Soviet resistance collapsed, though with a high cost. By the morning of December 28, the area was entirely cleared, and the Battle of Kelja was over.

Conclusion
Although the attack eventually failed, it did succeed in draining the Taipale sector of its reserves. The Finns were so short on manpower that reserves from the Western Isthmus had to be relocated to Taipale, further weakening the area. However, they did capture much desperately needed equipment from the Soviets, including 12 anti-tank guns, 140 machine guns, 200 light machine guns and 1500 rifles.

See also

 List of Finnish military equipment of World War II
 List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II

References

External links
Battle of Kelja on WinterWar

Kelja
1939 in Finland
December 1939 events


WKEZ-FM (96.9 FM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a conservative talk radio format, known as "Keys Talk 96.9/102.5." Licensed to Tavernier, Florida, the station serves the Florida Keys. The station is owned by Magnum Broadcasting, which also owns 105.7 WGAY in Sugarloaf Key.

The station airs a local news block in morning drive time, followed by nationally syndicated shows from Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Mark Levin, Buck Sexton, Coast to Coast AM with George Noory and This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal.

WKEZ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 25,000 watts. The transmitter is on Wellington Drive in Tavernier, off U.S. Route 1.  Programming is also heard on 102.5 MHz.

History
The station signed on the air as WIFL on November 21, 1997. On May 6, 1999, the station changed its call sign to the current WKEZ-FM. The EZ in the call letters referred to the station's easy listening format and the K stood for Keys.

On June 8, WKEZ-FM changed its format from easy listening to oldies, branded as "True Oldies".

On April 1, 2017, WKEZ-FM changed its format from oldies to classic hits, branded as "Mix 96.9". (info taken from stationintel.com)

The station was most recently owned by Jonathan Smith's Choice Radio Keys Corporation. Due to an inability to pay outstanding debts, the company assigned the licenses of WGMX and sister stations WFFG, WGMX, and WKEY-FM to a trustee on June 4, 2018, to be sold for the benefit of creditors. Effective July 27, 2020, WKEZ-FM was sold to Magnum Broadcasting, Inc. for $100,000.

On September 29, 2020, WKEZ-FM dropped its simulcast with WGMX and changed its format to conservative talk, branded as "Keys Talk 96.9/102.5" in a simulcast with WPIK.

Previous logo

References

External links

KEZ-FM
Radio stations established in 1997
1997 establishments in Florida
Talk radio stations in the United States


The Iron Man is a 1924 American film serial directed by Jay Marchant and starring Luciano Albertini.

Cast

Chapter titles

 Into the Sewers of Paris
 The Impostor
 The Dynamite Truck
 Wings Aflame
 The False Trail
 The Stolen Passport
 False Faces
 Shadowed
 The Missing Heirloom
 Sinister Shadows
 The Betrayal
 Flames of Fate
 The Crisis
 Hidden Dangers
 The Confession

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1924 films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures film serials
Films directed by Jay Marchant
Films set in Paris
1920s American films


The 2008 Massachusetts Republican presidential primary took place on February 5, 2008, with 40 national delegates. Polls indicated that former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney was leading rival John McCain; Romney ended up defeating McCain by roughly 10% of the vote.

Results

* Candidate dropped out of the race before the primary

See also
 2008 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary

References

Massachusetts
2008
Presidential
Massachusetts Republican primaries


Intel Rapid Storage Technology (RST) is a driver SATA AHCI and a firmware-based RAID solution built into a wide range of Intel chipsets.
Currently also is installed as a driver for Intel Optane temporary storage units.

It contains two operation modes that follow two Intel specific modes rather than the SATA standard.
The name modes and the application that contains them have been renamed since the first version.
Until 2010 it contains AHCI and Matrix RAID modes. The first mode is the Intel driver SATA normal and the latter mode is a fake RAID.
Up to version 4 it is included on Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition, between versions 5 and 8.9 it is included on Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM), since version 9 it is included on Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) preferring the driver modes to be named RST AHCI and RST AHCI RAID instead of Matrix RAID. The latter is also known as RST RAID mode, since it is the mode that Intel recommends to use, even if you are not working with a RAID configuration.
The purpose of the program, after installing the drivers, is to configure the operation in this mode.

Both modes work with SATA drives. The boot mode choice, with one mode or the other, is chosen in modern BIOS/UEFI after driver installation. Once one or the other driver is installed, it is not possible for the Windows operating system to boot again with the BIOS/UEFI set to RAID/IDE, producing BSOD in case of trying.

As of 2020, it includes a RAID system capable of RAID levels 0, 1, 5, and 10, a block level SSD caching accelerator ("Smart Response Technology") with support for write-back and write-through modes for speed or data protection of any disk or RAID array, and support for intelligent caching, speedy recovery from certain issues, and for PCI Express based drives. Intel RST came in two variants, RST for desktops, and RSTe for enterprise scenarios, although for many chipsets, the user could choose as both variants will operate correctly. VROC was a part of Intel RSTe. The SATA RAID portion of the product family was called Intel RSTe and the NVMe* RAID portion was called Intel VROC. However, starting in Q1 2019, with the launch of Intel VROC 6.0, the Intel RSTe name was removed, and all RAID solutions in this product family were branded as Intel VROC. The SATA functionality remains, but is now branded as Intel VROC (SATA RAID). Intel RSTe is no longer a referenced product by Intel. The name may still appear in some legacy products, but all new references will solely use the Intel VROC nomenclature.).

Intel RST is provided by a combination of firmware, chipset and CPU capabilities, and software. As such, the chipset, the firmware included in the BIOS, and the software installed by the user, must be compatible versions. Online forums and communities exist which compare the benefits of different versions of these, advise as to best compatibility for specified hardware, and modify existing firmware and software to allow optimal combinations or updates beyond those provided by the hardware manufacturers.

Like all RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), Intel RST RAID employs two or more physical hard disks which the operating system will treat as a single disk, in order to increase redundancy which avoids data loss (except RAID 0), and/or to increase the speed at which data is written to and/or read from a disk. Intel RST RAID does not provide new RAID levels. It allows different areas (e.g. partitions or logical volumes) on the same disk to be assigned to different RAID devices, unlike some other RAID controllers. Intel recommends to put any critical applications and data on a RAID 1, 5, or 10 volume, with redundancy to protect against data loss. The RAID 0 volume in Matrix RAID provides fast access to large files where data loss is not a critical issue but speed is; examples include video editing, swap files, and files that are backed up. Intel Matrix RAID, Intel Rapid RAID, and Intel Smart Response Technology are together described as Intel Rapid Storage Technology.

Operating system support
"Rapid Storage Technology" (RST), including creation of RAID volumes, works under Windows 7 and newer versions of Microsoft Windows. The older "Intel Matrix RAID" is supported under Microsoft Windows XP.

Linux supports Matrix RAID and Rapid Storage Technology (RST) through device mapper, with  tool, for RAID 0, 1 and 10. And Linux MD RAID, with  tool, for RAID 0, 1, 10, and 5. Set up of the RAID volumes must be done by using the ROM option in the Matrix Storage Manager, then further configuration can be done in DM-RAID or MD-RAID.

FreeBSD and MidnightBSD support Intel Matrix RAID using the "ataraid" driver, managed through the atacontrol command. However, with older versions of FreeBSD there were critical reliability issues which include array device renaming when a disk in an array is replaced, an array being considered healthy if the machine reboot/crashes during an array rebuild, and kernel panics when a disk is lost or is removed from the bus. Some of these problems, when experienced in combination, could result in the loss of an entire array (even in the case of RAID 1).

VMware ESXi 4 does not support any RAID function nor Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR controllers.

PGPDisk does not support Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR, and does not support standalone drives if the "RAID" mode is enabled on the motherboard.

Matrix Storage Manager option ROM
The Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM) option ROM is a part of Matrix RAID that has to be used in the BIOS to create new RAID arrays.
 Intel uses "Rapid Storage Technology" -"Option Rom"- on its new chipsets, dropping the "Matrix" name.
An Intel document notes that Intel Matrix Storage Manager storage changed to Intel Rapid Storage Technology beginning with version 9.5.

There have been several driver versions:

Since release 11.2.0.0000, TRIM commands can be read by Windows RAID drivers made for 7 series chipsets. There is no RAID mode TRIM support on drivers for older chipsets.

Intel states that RST support was added for the X79 chipset in RST version 11.6.0.0000 and after.

On some 6 series chipsets there is a modification for the ROM in the BIOS, which will allow TRIM support on the 6 series chipset.

For the X79 chipset, certain motherboard manufacturers have added both RAID ROMs in the BIOS, the RST and RST-E ROM. X79 is the Enterprise version, called RST-E. With the RST ROM added to the BIOS, this allows TRIM function to pass through the controller and TRIM SSD drives when RAID is enabled. This workaround was needed before RST-E driver version 3.8 was shipped which passed through TRIM commands to a RAID array without modifications to the RST-E ROM. There is no support for TRIM in the RST-E version of the ROM when RAID is enabled and the RST-E driver version is less than 3.8. It is possible to add an RST ROM to the BIOS to enable TRIM passthrough in RAID mode by using the RST ROM and driver.

The newest Option ROM version is a 13 series ROM, this ROM will not be used by motherboard manufacturers for the X79 chipset BIOS, and it can be injected into a BIOS to use on the X79 with modded code, for those MFG's who have added a ROM switch, this is where the MFG has added both RST and RSTe to the RAID option of a BIOS, but there needs to be a code added for TRIM commands to be sent, when you inject the RST and replace the RSTe with RST option ROM in X79 boards that do not contain the ROM switch, TRIM can be dysfunctional.

There are modded RST 13 series Option ROMs (legacy) available at certain BIOS modding sites that have been made functional for use in the X79 chipsets.

When booting in a BIOS environment (legacy) and some EFI, the RST option ROM is used. When booting in a true UEFI environment the Option ROM is not used as a SataDriver with the RST version takes over. In BIOS mode the legacy/BIOS booting is under CSMCORE. In true UEFI mode the RST is controlled under SataDriver / RstVmdDriver in BIOS.

The Intel RAID ROM is the firmware in the motherboard BIOS that is used to create the RAID array.

Note: The RST drivers can be used for RAID and also on a single drive as it contains an AHCI driver. There is a bug in the version 12.5.0.1066 RST driver, which cause TRIM commands not to pass through the RAID driver to the drives. TRIM is disabled using this driver.

Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe)
Intel Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe) provides performance and reliability for supported systems equipped with Serial ATA (SATA) devices, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) devices, and/or solid state drives (SSDs) to enable an optimal enterprise storage solution.
The main difference between RST and RSTe is that the RST is used for desktop systems and the RSTe is mostly used for server systems.
RST supports regular SATA controllers from desktop systems.

If the BIOS of the motherboard has RSTe feature then the user cannot install Intel Rapid Storage Technology software (error message: This platform is not supported). The user has to install RSTe software.

There have been several Option ROM versions:

In 2019, Intel announced that the RTSe branding would be replaced, with RSTe consolidated into Intel's VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU) product line.

Intel VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU)

Intel VROC is a part of Intel RSTe. This was mostly designed with NVMe SSD's in mind and it is directly attached to the Intel Xeon Scalable processors. For the full functionality it uses a newer Intel technology called Intel VMD (Intel Volume Management Device).

Intel VROC is a technology from the Intel Xeon Scalable processors series and is used to provide hot-plug, surprise-removal, and LED management of NVMe SSD's for server usage. For client PC's Intel RST is still the advised software package to use.

Intel VMD is targeted for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.

Criticism on Intel RST technology

The software created by Intel to manage the RAID configuration is under par.

E.g. when using a RAID 1 configuration, Windows shall show a temporary message when one of the disk are down, however if this is not noticed (because the user is not at the computer), the user might not notice the disk failure in time.

Furthermore the Intel RST software does not consistently log status changes (repair/rebuilds) in the Windows Eventlog, making it difficult for 3rd party monitoring software to warn users when the RAID status changes and the data might be in jeopardy.

Other strange decision Intel has made, is to remove the e-mail warning from the latest version (v19.x) of the software. On earlier versions (18.x) the e-mail warning can be configured, but lacks the modern fields like password and SSL/TLS authentication to be used with modern e-mail providers like Gmail, Microsoft's Outlook and e-mail accounts from other providers.

Also when field tested (with an older mail server *without authentication*), no warnings were e-mailed. This e-mail service was also inconsistent because the disk degradation was not e-mailed, but consequently the finished rebuild of the RAID was e-mailed, without the user ever being warned the computer was rebuilding the RAID drive.

Intel also used to have a command line software (CLI) for their RST RAID, which one could use to request the status of the RAID drives, however this software was deprecated.

See also
Non-standard RAID levels
mdadm

References

External links

https://win-raid.com - forum specializing in Intel RST and similar soft raid, choice of driver/rom/orom, and modification of roms.

RAID
AT Attachment
Matrix RAID
Matrix RAID


This is a list of airlines currently operating in India.

Mainline

Regional/Commuter

Cargo

Charter

See also
 List of airports in India
 List of airlines
 List of defunct airlines of India
 List of pilot training institutes in India

References

External links
 https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/
 https://www.flightconnections.com/

India
Airlines
Airlines
India


The Avant Gardeners were a new wave band influenced by 1960s psychedelic rock, originally from Okehampton, Devon, but soon moving to London, England, formed in 1977, initially as The Avant Gardener.

The Avant Gardener's line-up was initially Russell Murch (vocals, guitar), Martin Sanders (guitar), Nigel Rae (bass), and Mike Kelly (drums). Their first release was a self-titled EP on Virgin Records in 1977, after which they split up. Two tracks from the EP were included on Virgin's new wave showcase compilation Guillotine. Murch reformed the band in 1980 as The Avant Gardeners, with new musicians Mike Roberts (guitar) and Rob Hill (bass), along with a series of guest drummers. More popular in continental Europe than their home country, the new line-up released two albums, 1980's Dig It and 1984's The Church of the Inner Cosmos on the Italian Appaloosa label, and a 7-inch EP, before again splitting.

Discography

Singles/EPs
The Avant Gardener EP (1977) Virgin
"Deadwood Stage" (1983) Speed

Albums
Dig It (1980) Appaloosa
The Church of the Inner Cosmos (1984) Appaloosa

References

English new wave musical groups


WAVK (97.7 FM) is a radio station temporarily broadcasting a sports radio format. Licensed to Marathon, Florida, USA, the station serves the Florida Keys. The station is currently owned by Robert Holladay, through licensee Florida Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from CBS Sports Radio and Fox Sports Radio.

History
The station went on the air as WDUC on March 3, 1995. On November 3, 1995, the station changed its call sign to WKTS; on September 9, 1999, to WWWK; and on October 23, 2003, to the current WAVK. The first real format of WWWK was pure dance music as "K97", before flipping to hot AC "Wave".

In August 2013, Gamma Broadcasting, LLC reached a deal to sell its Florida Keys stations (including WAVK) to Florida Keys Media, LLC (a company controlled by Robert H. Holladay). At a price of $475,000, the sale of WAVK was consummated on July 1, 2014.

On March 30, 2020, WAVK temporarily dropped its Hot AC format for Sports as 97.7 The Zone. The reason being that sister station 1600 AM WKWF is having repairs done to its transmitter and it can no longer broadcast for the time being so its format as temporarily moved here.

References

External links

AVK
Radio stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in Florida
Sports radio stations in the United States


The 2008 Minnesota Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 5, 2008, with 38 national delegates at stake. The caucuses were considered a non-binding straw poll, since Minnesota officially chose 24 delegates to the 2008 Republican National Convention during district conventions from May 3 to May 24, 2008, and the remaining 14 delegates during the state convention on June 7, 2008.  Those delegates to the national convention officially nominated the President.  Mitt Romney was the winner of the Minnesota caucuses.

The 2008 Republican National Convention was held in St. Paul, Minnesota from September 1 until September 4, 2008.

Results

See also
 2008 Minnesota Democratic presidential caucuses
 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries

References

Minnesota
2008 Minnesota elections
2008
2008 Super Tuesday


The North Shore Connector is a light-rail extension opened in 2012 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The connector extends the Pittsburgh Light Rail system from its previous terminus at Gateway Center Station in the Central Business District to the new North Side Station and Allegheny Station on the North Shore by way of a tunnel under the Allegheny River. The Connector extends the light rail system's "Free Fare Zone", enabling passengers to ride to and from Pittsburgh's rapidly growing North Shore neighborhood for free.

Planned since the late 1990s, the North Shore Connector received federal funding on February 6, 2004 and had crews complete the initial bore under the river on July 10, 2008. The Connector had a "soft opening" on Friday, March 23, 2012, with regular service beginning March 25, 2012. The final cost of the project was $523.4 million.

Areas and attractions served

The North Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh evolved from a "sea of asphalt" in the 1990s to a bustling extension of the central business district reflecting approximately one billion dollars of investment and construction in the first decade of the 2000s. The North Shore Connector links Pittsburgh's previously 25-mile light rail network to the new businesses and attractions of the North Shore, serving commuters, visitors, and sports event attendees alike.

The North Side Station serves PNC Park (1.75 million annual fans) and the Community College of Allegheny County (7,200 students). The Allegheny Station serves residents in Allegheny West and Manchester, as well as visitors to  Acrisure Stadium (500,000 annual fans, excluding concerts), the Carnegie Science Center (700,000 annual visitors), Children's Museum of Pittsburgh (250,000 annual visitors) and the Rivers Casino. During weekdays, downtown-destined vehicle commuters use the Connector by parking in one of the many North Shore parking facilities and completing their commute on the Connector.

Other businesses and attractions served include the Del Monte corporate headquarters (600 employees), Equitable Resources (450 employees), the SpringHill Suites Marriott Hotel and other nearby hotels, Stage AE North Shore Amphitheater (Indoor rock club plus outdoor amphitheater with lawn for 5,500 visitors opening December 2010), the Andy Warhol Museum (90,000 visitors), and many other night spots and restaurants.

Reception

The North Shore Connector project attracted considerable controversy on both the local and national level. The points of contention included whether the North Shore Connector was the best way to extend Pittsburgh's light rail network; whether the North Shore Connector would prove to be competitive with existing roads, bridges, and trails in attracting commuters; and whether the project's long-term benefits to the region would justify its cost. Its supporters argued that any enhancement of public transportation infrastructure in the region should be welcome if it decreases regional reliance on automobiles, especially given the uncertainty of future fuel prices and the paucity of parking in the central business district, while opponents have argued that the project's small scope and large budget constitute a waste of government spending.

Locally, it was argued that the Pittsburgh Light Rail network probably deserved to be expanded, but that the most logical extension would be an eastward one, not a northward one. The "Spine Line", a proposed eastward extension reaching from the Central Business District to Oakland, was abandoned in part due to its prohibitive projected cost of over $1 billion and its estimated 15-year planning and construction schedule. The North Shore Connector, by comparison, could be built quickly and with a substantially smaller budget. As one local columnist wrote, "People argue the T line should have gone to Oakland first, and they're right…The North Shore Connector is our consolation prize."

On the national level, the project attracted controversy due to its cost and its use of federal funding. The project's original budget was estimated at $350 million, but it increased to $435 million by 2006, and to more than $550 million by 2009, later revised down to $528.8 million in 2010. (The final cost was $523.4 million.) Eighty percent of the funding was provided by the U.S. federal government.

The North Shore Connector was ranked #3 in the nation among stimulus-funded projects purported to waste taxpayer money in a report by Senators John McCain and Tom Coburn. The "Summertime Blues" report, their third in a series, identified 100 projects throughout the country that received money from the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, signed into law in 2009 by President Barack Obama, which the senators classified as wasteful government spending. According to McCain, the Connector was an example of stimulus dollars spent to fund projects with "questionable goals," or those that were "being mismanaged or were poorly planned." Meanwhile, Coburn reminded the media that the initial budget was approximately $390 million, but "quickly ballooned" to a cost of $553 million.

In 2009 then-Governor Ed Rendell, a Democrat, called the tunnel "a tragic mistake" and expressed his wish that the project had never been started. He further stated his belief that the money given to the state from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act should have been applied to the transportation needs of the state "in a more beneficial fashion". Supporters of the North Shore Connector argued that the stimulus funds provided stability to the local construction industry while enhancing the public transportation infrastructure of the city, and one columnist noted that "[i]f the federal government didn't build [the North Shore Connector] here, it would have built something equally expensive somewhere else."

Indeed, the federal government itself has been criticized heavily for its role in Western Pennsylvania's transportation funding situation; in 2010, it forbade the state's plan for a balanced transportation budget, which would have involved converting Interstate 80 into a toll road. The killed plan would have accounted not only for transit budgets, but also for funding of significant road and bridge infrastructure, which will now face an additional 5,200 Pittsburgh-area cars because of the federally forced transit cuts, according to one analyst.

In 2010, the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review expressed its opposition to the North Shore project, noting that there were already four bridges capable of transporting people from the Downtown area to the city's North Shore and North Side. The Tribune-Review further stated that PNC Park is already accessible to Pittsburgh Pirates fans via the Roberto Clemente Bridge, while the Pittsburgh Steelers have sold out Heinz Field for years without the project's help.

These critiques do not take into account the fact that any northward expansion of Pittsburgh's light rail network would require that the Allegheny river be crossed in some fashion, and the light rail cars could not pass over the existing bridges. The engineers who planned the project concluded that a tunnel, rather than a new or retrofitted bridge, would be the most cost-effective solution to this issue. In addition, in December 2010, the Steelers began examining the possibility of increasing the capacity of Heinz Field by "several thousand" seats. The president of Alco Parking, Merrill Stabile, noted that the North Shore lacks the parking capacity to serve additional fans, and that the North Shore Connector could help alleviate the congestion by "making it easier for fans to park Downtown".

Supporters have argued that the North Shore Connector will not only ease weekend congestion on the North Shore, but will also ease weekday congestion in the Central Business district. On weekdays, commuters will be able to ride the light rail from the North Shore to the central business district by parking in one of the underutilized parking lots or garages of the North Shore. Buses serving the region north of Pittsburgh could make terminal stops at the North Shore light rail stations rather than driving into the central business district, further decreasing congestion on the city streets—"a gift to all rush-hour commuters". Better enhancing the North Shore Connector's ability to attract commuters was a three-year deal sponsored by the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Rivers Casino, Alco Parking, and the Pittsburgh Stadium Authority to make rides between the North Shore and the Central Business District completely free.

One positive aspect of the project highlighted by its supporters is that it makes any future northward expansions of the light rail network significantly easier, because the problem of crossing the Allegheny River has already been solved. More generally, the project reflects a regional commitment not to neglect public transportation infrastructure in favor of a purely automobile-based transportation system, with one columnist noting that "[a] light-rail line that stretches from the South Hills to the North Side is going to look much better when gas shoots back over $4 a gallon…Regions that offer residents varied transportation options will be the ones that succeed in this century."

References

External links

Allegheny County Port Authority map which details the proposed route of the North Shore Connector
North Shore Connector at SEA
North Shore Connector Project
North Shore Connector Project, Allegheny County: Environmental Impact Statement
North Shore Connector - Light Rail/Subway Expansion
Port Authority of Allegheny County North Shore Light Rail Connector Transit Project
North Shore Connector - Featured Project - Wellington Infrastructure
Links about the North Shore Connector project
Saving the North Shore Connector: The Port Authority should no longer reject crossing the Allegheny by using an existing bridge

Transportation in Pittsburgh
Port Authority of Allegheny County
Rail infrastructure in Pennsylvania
Railroad tunnels in Pennsylvania
Tunnels in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Crossings of the Allegheny River
Railway lines opened in 2012


WCNK (98.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Key West, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys. The station is currently owned by Robert Holladay, through licensee Florida Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from AP Radio.

History
The station went on the air as WOZN on 1984-12-18. On 1996-08-23, the station changed its call sign to WBKW, and on 1996-11-18, to the current WCNK.

In August 2013, Gamma Broadcasting, LLC reached a deal to sell its Florida Keys stations (including WCNK) to Florida Keys Media, LLC (a company controlled by Robert H. Holladay). The sale of WCNK and sister station WWUS, at a price of $475,000, was consummated on January 31, 2014.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1984
CNK
1984 establishments in Florida
Country radio stations in the United States


Lipton (2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Lipton No. 217 and Census Division No. 6. The village is located  north of the Town of Fort Qu'Appelle on Highway 22.

History
Lipton incorporated as a village on May 15, 1905.

Climate

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lipton had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Lipton recorded a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 Villages of Saskatchewan
 Jewish Colonization Association § History

References

Villages in Saskatchewan
Lipton No. 217, Saskatchewan
Division No. 6, Saskatchewan


Raymond E. Jacobs (January 24, 1926 – January 29, 2008) was an American and  United States Marine Corps sergeant who served in combat during World War II. Jacobs was a member of the combat patrol that climbed up to the top of Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima and raised the first U.S. Flag on February 23, 1945. Afterwards, he was a news reporter and had served during the Korean War as an instructor at Camp Pendleton, California.

Early life
Jacobs was born on January 24, 1926, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. His family moved to Los Angeles, California in 1933. He was a football star at Polytechnic High School in the Los Angeles area.

U.S. Marine Corps, World War II
Jacobs enlisted in the Marine Corps in May 1943. In September, after he completed recruit training in San Diego, he volunteered for Marine Raider training at Camp Pendleton. After the Marine Raiders were disbanded in February 1944, he was transferred to the 2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. He was assigned to F Company. In September, the division departed for Hilo, Hawaii (Camp Tarawa) to continue training for follow on action in the Pacific Theatre. He was trained there to be a radioman in F Company. After training and preparing for the invasion of Iwo Jima, the 28th Marines left Hawaii in December, embarking upon amphibious transports, and after a few days liberty in Pearl Harbor, they set sail heading west on January 7, 1945. The regiment stopped at Eniwetok on February 5, conducted a practice landing on Tinian on February 13, and arrived off the coast of Iwo Jima on February 16.

Battle of Iwo Jima

Jacobs took part in the Second Battalion, 28th Marines, amphibious assault landing on Green Beach at the southern part of Iwo Jima near Mount Suribachi on February 19, 1945. From 19 to 23 February, the 28th Marines fought to secure Mount Suribachi. On February 23 at 8 AM, First Lieutenant Harold Schrier, the E Company executive officer, led a 40-man combat patrol from Third Platoon, E Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines up Mount Suribachi to siege and occupy the crest. Accompanying Schrier was Jacobs, a radioman from F Company who was reassigned to him for the patrol. Schrier was to raise an American flag he was given to signal that the mountaintop was captured. Once on top of the volcano, a section of a Japanese water pipe was found that became the flagstaff for the flag. Schrier and two other Marines attached the flag to the pipe which was then carried to the highest spot on the crater.

At approximately 10:20-10:35 a.m.,<ref>Bradley, J. Powers, R. Flags of Our Fathers: Heroes of Iwo Jima.</ref> Lt. Schrier, Platoon Sergeant Ernest Thomas, and Sergeant Henry Hansen, raised the flag (Thomas was ordered to report aboard the flagship USS Eldorado on February 25, and during an interview with a CBS radio broadcaster said that Schrier, and Sgt. Henry Hansen, and he, had actually raised the flag). Seeing the raising of the national colors immediately caused a reaction of loud cheering from the Marines, sailors, and coast guardsmen on the beach below and from the men on the ships near the beach; the ships whistles and horns went off too. Hansen was killed in action on Iwo Jima on March 1, and Thomas on March 3. On March 10, 1945, Jacobs was wounded by enemy mortar fire and was evacuated off Iwo Jima. The actual raising of the first flag on Mount Suribachi had not been photographed.

In the early afternoon, a larger replacement flag was brought up Mount Suribachi by the Easy Company runner (messenger) which was then attached unto another Japanese steel pipe. This flag was raised by six Marines while the first flag was lowered. A photograph of the second flag raising by Associated Press photographer Joe Rosenthal appeared in the newspapers, became renowned world-wide, made the second flag-raisers and Rosenthal famous, and led to the creation of the huge Marine Corps War Memorial (sometimes referred to as the Iwo Jima Memorial) in 1954, in Arlington, Virginia.

 Post World War II
Jacobs was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps in 1946. He then went to work as a reporter, news anchor, news director, and editorial director for KTVU in Oakland, California for 34 years before retiring on July 1, 1992. In 1950, Jacobs was called up for Marine Corps service during the Korean War. He served as a Marine instructor in California until he was honorably discharged with the rank of sergeant in August 1951.

 World War II photo claim

Jacobs and his family spent his later years trying to prove that he actually was the Marine radio operator who was photographed on top of Mount Suribachi beneath the first American flag several times by Staff Sergeant Louis R. Lowery (a combat photographer with Leatherneck magazine).America's Greatest Generation: Marine Heroes: Raymond Jacobs. Although Jacobs's face is not visible in Lowery's most widely circulated photograph of the first flag flown on Mount Suribachi, his claim that it is definitely him was based on other black and white photographs of him taken by Lowery and other combat photographers near the first flag with Lieutenant Schrier. The radioman in the most famous of Lowery's photographs was assumed for years to be a Marine in F Company named Louis Charlo, or Pfc. Gene Marshall, the E Company radio operator, or an unknown Marine. Charlo (KIA March 2, 1945), who was not a radioman, was identified as being on Mount Suribachi near the flag (F Company followed Schrier's E Company patrol up the mountain) after Schrier's patrol climbed up the mountain, captured the summit, and raised the flag. Marshall claimed he was on top of Mount Suribachi, but has not ever been identified as being there. Jacobs said he was ordered back down Mount Suribachi sometime after the flag raising.

Jacobs claimed that on February 23, 1945, he was assigned as the radioman for Lt. Schrier and his 40-man patrol from E Company who went up Mount Suribachi after a 4-man reconnaissance patrol (included Charlo) from Third Platoon, F Company (Jacobs's company) which had been sent up the mountain an hour earlier, came down. The other men involved in the patrol and first flag raising have all died. In 2008, just after Jacobs had died, Annette Amerman, a historian with the Marine Corps History Division, said "there are many that believe" Jacobs was the radioman. "However, there are no official Marine Corps records produced at the time that can prove or refute Mr. Jacobs' location." There has not been a Marine photo of Marshall to compare to Lowery's photos. There are however, several photo comparisons of Jacobs that do verify he is the radioman with Lt. Schrier on Mount Suribachi, and Los Angeles newspaper accounts (Associated Press Dispatch, beginning February 24, 1945) which support Jacobs's testimonies that he was personally interviewed on top of Mt. Suribachi after the first flag-raising. His claims are also supported by his letters home. In 2019, a Marine Corps investigation of the two flag raisings on Mount Suribachi confirmed that Jacobs was indeed Lt. Schrier's radio operator who was photographed several times on top of Mount Suribachi near the first flag after it was raised.

Jacobs had disputed the official identifications in Lowery's picture and asserted that it should be: Pfc. James Robeson [Pfc. Harold Schultz] (in Lowery's second photo, in lower left corner) [behind Hansen], Pfc. Raymond Jacobs (carrying radio), 1st Lt. Harold Schrier (kneeling behind Jacobs) [left bottom side of Jacobs], Sgt. Henry Hansen (utility cap, holding flagpole), unknown Marine [Pvt. Phil Ward] (lower right hand securing flagpole), Platoon Sgt. Ernest Thomas (seated), PhM2c. John Bradley, USN (helmeted, above Thomas securing flagpole with both hands), Pfc. James Michels (holding M1 carbine), and Cpl. Charles Lindberg (standing above Michels).

Due to an agreement with the Associated Press and the Marine Corps over Rosenthal's photo of the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi the afternoon of February 23, Lowery's photos taken on Mount Suribachi were not released until 1947, when 16 of his pictures appeared in Leatherneck Magazine''.

Death
Jacobs died of natural causes at a hospital in Redding, California, on January 29, 2008, at the age of 82. He is buried in Northern California Veterans Cemetery in Igo, California.

Military awards
Jacobs's military awards:

See also

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
Battle of Iwo Jima
Marine Corps War Memorial

References

External links
Ex-Marine Seeks Place in Iwo Jima History Los Angeles Times. 20 February 2005
One of the photographs taken after the first flag was raised on Iwo Jima Veterans Memory Project. Library of Congress.

1926 births
2008 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Battle of Iwo Jima
United States Marine Corps non-commissioned officers
Military personnel from Bridgeport, Connecticut