18 Again! is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Paul Flaherty and starring George Burns and Charlie Schlatter. The plot involves a college student switching souls with his grandfather by means of an accident. The film is based on the song "I Wish I Was Eighteen Again" written by Sonny Throckmorton and recorded by Burns in 1980.

Plot
Jack Watson is a millionaire playboy and businessman who is about to turn 81 years old just as his grandson David is about to turn 18, but Jack laments his old age and wishes to get back to his teens once more. When an accident switches their souls, Jack gets to live his grandson's life and all that it entails: school, sports, and romance. Unfortunately, David gets the "short end of the deal", as not only is he trapped in his grandfather's 81-year-old body, but he is also in a coma. The only one who knows the truth is his longtime friend Charlie, whom Jack was able to convince by recounting experiences only they knew.

Jack gets to approach his family from a fresh point of view and doesn't always like what he sees: he's been a distant parent for his son Arnie and has repeatedly disregarded his ideas for improving the family company. The college fraternity that he coerced David into joining (his old alma mater) is bullying him on a regular basis and forcing him to write their test finals for them. He also finds out that his girlfriend Madeline is unfaithful when she tries to seduce him, thinking he's Jack's grandson. Deciding to set things right, Jack in David's body decides to take charge by convincing his father (or rather, Jack's son) to implement his ideas on the family business and uses his poker playing skills to beat the frat boys while betting $1000 that he will beat the lead frat boy Russ in the upcoming track meet. Jack also impresses a girl named Robin, who is taken with David's old-fashioned style with bow ties and his vividly recounting the Second World War and meeting President Harry S. Truman.

However, Jack realizes too late that he has willed half of everything to Madeline, who convinces Arnie and his wife to disconnect Jack's 81-year-old body from life support. Knowing that this will kill David, Jack and Charlie rush to the hospital to prevent this, wheeling Jack's body away from an orderly. When they crash in the hospital chapel, Jack and David's minds are returned to their rightful bodies, and Jack awakens. Jack still has unfinished business, as in David's body he challenged the fraternity president to a race, and now David must face him.

Jack gives David a pep talk, and David beats the frat president. Jack then encourages David to pursue an interested Robin. In private, Jack tells Arnie that his greatest mistake was trying to get him and David to relive his own life, and encourages Arnie to nurture David's interest in art, which Jack will do as well by getting David involved in the graphic design aspect of the family business. Finally, Jack confronts Madeline by saying he knows that she made a pass at David and is well aware that she is a gold digger only interested in his bank account. He throws her out of the house and lets her know that he has rewritten his will to include his family and his faithful butler Horton, whom he promptly orders to have Madeline thrown out. Robin and David start their relationship, and the movie finishes with Jack telling David everything about Harry S. Truman.

Cast
 Charlie Schlatter as David Watson/Jack Watson
 George Burns as Jack Watson/David Watson
 Tony Roberts as Arnold 'Arnie' Watson
 Miriam Flynn as  Betty Watson
 Red Buttons as Charlie
 Anita Morris as Madeline
 Pauly Shore as Barrett
 Jennifer Runyon as Robin Morrison
 George DiCenzo as Coach
 Bernard Fox as Horton
 Kenneth Tigar as Professor Swivet
 Anthony Starke as Russ
 Emory Bass as Art Teacher
 Joshua Devane as J.P.
 Benny Baker as Red
 Hal Smith as Irv
 Lance Slaughter as Mikey
 Earl Boen as Robin's Dad
 Toni Sawyer as Robin's Mom
 Stephanie Baldwin as Robin's Sister
 Kimberlin Brown as Receptionist
 Karl Wiedergott as Team Member
 Pat Crawford Brown as Old Lady

Reception
Roger Ebert gives the film a score of 1 and a half out of 4. He compares it to Like Father Like Son and Vice Versa, calling Vice Versa the best of the three, by far. He stated, "The whole project seems to have been enveloped in a miasma of good intentions and heartwarming sentiments. There’s no edge, no bite and none of the inspired body language that made 'Vice Versa' so special. The movie makes no attempt to really imagine what it would be like to inhabit another body; it just springs the gimmick on us and starts unreeling its sitcom plot. Although Burns is, of course, a beloved institution, and any opportunity to see him is welcome, he is not given much to do in the movie, and he doesn’t do much with it...No real effort has been made to find any differences between Burns and the character he plays in this movie."

Janet Maslin was critical of the film for leaving George Burns in a coma when he is who the audience came to see, and says that it "isn't successfully aimed at anyone in particular".

18 Again! holds a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 7 reviews.

References

External links

1980s American films
1980s English-language films
1980s fantasy comedy films
1980s teen comedy films
1980s teen fantasy films
1988 comedy films
1988 directorial debut films
1988 films
American fantasy comedy films
American teen comedy films
Body swapping in films
Films about old age
Films about teenagers
Films about wish fulfillment
Films directed by Paul Flaherty
Films scored by Billy Goldenberg
New World Pictures films


Fernand Grenier (June 28, 1927 – January 19, 1988) was a Canadian politician from Quebec.

Background

He was born on June 28, 1927, near Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, and made a career in education.

Member of the legislature

Grenier ran as a Union Nationale and won a seat to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the 1966 provincial election in the district of Frontenac.  He was defeated by Ralliement créditiste candidate Paul-André Latulippe in the 1970 election.

Mayor

He was Mayor of Nantes, Quebec from 1969 to 1971.

Political comeback

Grenier remained active in the Union Nationale.  He ran as the party candidate in Lotbinière in the 1973 election but was defeated.

He was re-elected in the 1976 election in the district of Mégantic-Compton and won.  He served as his party's House Whip from 1976 to 1980.

Federal politics

Grenier resigned his seat and ran as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the district of Mégantic-Compton-Stanstead in the 1980 federal election.  He was defeated against Liberal incumbent Claude Tessier.  After the defeat, Grenier attempted to win back his seat to the National Assembly of Quebec, but finished third.

Local politics

He served as a city councillor in Lac-Mégantic from 1986 until his death.

References

1927 births
1988 deaths
Mayors of places in Quebec
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs
People from Lac-Mégantic, Quebec
French Quebecers


Miodrag "Grof" Božović (, ; born 22 June 1968) is a Montenegrin football manager and former player.

Playing career

Club
A tall central defender, Božović played alongside Yugoslav and Montenegrin legends Predrag Mijatović and Dejan Savićević at Budućnost Titograd and for fellow Yugoslav team Red Star Belgrade, whom he left in 1994 during the civil war to play in Indonesia. He also played for Dutch clubs RKC Waalwijk and RBC Roosendaal, as well as in Cyprus and Japan.

During his playing career Božović won Yugoslav Cup with Red Star Belgrade.

International
He represented his U-21 national side once.

Managerial career
As a coach, he had a successful spell in Budućnost in the 2006–07 season, when his team was leading in Montenegrin First League, but he resigned and joined Grbalj in February 2007, due to the disagreement with the board. Božović also was successful in Borac Čačak, as he made a competitive team out of a humble club.

Russian side FC Amkar Perm qualified for the UEFA Europa League for the first time in club's history under his management. Next season, his new club FC Moscow was among the leaders in the Russian Premier League for long stretches, before fading in the end of the season and falling out of European qualification. In early 2010, FC Moscow dropped out of the Premier League due to financial considerations, and Božović became a free agent.

On 27 April 2010, Božović signed a three-year contract with FC Dynamo Moscow.

After the game against his former club, Amkar, he was questioned in the flash interview, did he feel that he was playing against the team he had built himself. His answer was: "I feel I was playing against players who made me a coach."

He resigned from Dynamo on 21 April 2011 after losing in a Russian Cup quarterfinal against FC Rostov (winning the Cup was the last hope for Dynamo to qualify for UEFA Europa League).

In Serbia Božović was nicknamed Grof (the Count or Earl), because of his orderly and elegant appearance.

In June 2012 he became the manager of FC Rostov. The next season Rostov won the 2013–14 Russian Cup.

Red Star

2015-16
On 29 May 2015 it was announced that Božović would manage his former club Red Star Belgrade. His start as Red Star manager was turbulent. Red Star was eliminated by Kairat in the first qualifying round for the Europa League and started off the regular season with a comeback win against OFK Beograd and a draw against Metalac in Gornji Milanovac in the first two rounds of the Serbian Superliga. Serbian media and journalist were not on his side and criticized him and his team's play. After a draw against Radnički Niš in front of 22.000 fans who started to chant against the club board, Božović offered his resignation. Fans were explicit in their desire that board members must leave the club right away, not him, and gave clear support to Božović. Several board members including the vice president and the general director left the club and Božović started a "little war" with the media. After the series of bad performances, Red Star dominated throughout the match and won after a comeback against Čukarički, considered the best match of the season.

Following these incidents, Božović masterminded Red Star to 24 straight wins in the regular season, a new club record, and dominated the Serbian Superliga with 32 points ahead of their rivals. With Božović at the helm Red Star made the best start in club history. Božović lead Red Star to the 27th club league title in history, and the first in his career. Božović stated that he is very happy like never before in his life.

2016-17
After clear and unambiguous support from Red Star fans, who were chanted his name and ask to stay, Grof Božović signed new two-year contract with Red Star to lead the club to the Champions League. Božović said that chants from the fans and whole stands of Marakana are the biggest thing which happened to him in his life, after birth of his sons. He record his first European victory, which is also Red Star first in three years and five matches in a row, against Valletta FC in first match of second qualifying round for the Champions League in Valletta.

Return to Russia
He signed with the Russian Premier League club FC Arsenal Tula before the 2017–18 season. He led the club to the 7th place in the 2017–18 Russian Premier League, the best position in club's history. He did not renew his Arsenal contract at the end of the season.

On 5 October 2018, he signed a 2-year contract with FC Krylia Sovetov Samara. He left Krylia Sovetov by mutual consent on 28 June 2020, with the team in the last position in the table.

On 3 September 2021, he returned to Arsenal Tula. Arsenal was relegated at the end of the 2021–22 Russian Premier League after taking last place.

Other information
Speaks several languages.
As of 2023 - the record holder among foreign coaches in Russian Premier League in terms of the number of clubs led and seasons spent (7 and 11, respectively).
The players who worked under him repeatedly noted his use of sex jokes in the training process.

Managerial statistics

Club statistics

Honours

Player
Red Star Belgrade
FR Yugoslavia Cup: 1992–93

Manager
Rostov
Russian Cup: 2013–14
Red Star Belgrade
Serbian SuperLiga: 2015–16

References

External links

Miodrag Bozovic: Why Europe Should Be Out for the Count

1968 births
Living people
People from Mojkovac
Men's association football defenders
Yugoslav men's footballers
Montenegrin men's footballers
Yugoslavia men's under-21 international footballers
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
FK Budućnost Podgorica players
Red Star Belgrade footballers
Madura United F.C. players
APOP Kinyras FC players
RKC Waalwijk players
Avispa Fukuoka players
RBC Roosendaal players
Yugoslav First League players
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Cypriot First Division players
Eredivisie players
J1 League players
Eerste Divisie players
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Indonesia
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Indonesia
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Serbia and Montenegro football managers
Montenegrin football managers
FK Borac Čačak managers
FK Obilić managers
AEP Paphos FC managers
FK Budućnost Podgorica managers
OFK Grbalj managers
FC Amkar Perm managers
FC Moscow managers
FC Dynamo Moscow managers
FC Rostov managers
FC Lokomotiv Moscow managers
Red Star Belgrade managers
FC Arsenal Tula managers
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara managers
Russian Premier League managers
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate football managers
Montenegrin expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Cyprus
Expatriate football managers in Serbia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Expatriate football managers in Russia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Russia


Beyond the Dar Al-Harb is a collection of three fantasy and science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Tor Books in 1985.  The title story is original to this collection, and features "Red Jamie", a character from the Thieves World series previously in Dickson's collaborative novel Jamie the Red (1984) (written with Roland Green).  The others appeared in the magazine Worlds of Tomorrow and the anthology The Day the Sun Stood Still edited by Robert Silverberg.

Dar al-Harb is an Arabic term, meaning "house of war".

Contents

 "Beyond the Dar al-Harb"
 "On Messenger Mountain"
 "Things Which Are Caesar’s"

Sources

1985 short story collections
Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson
Fantasy short story collections
Tor Books books


The Tribe ("Papa Capim") is a Brazilian comic strip, part of the Monica's Gang series. It centers around a tribe of indigenous people from the Amazon (although it is never specified which). Their tribe was once named "Tribo do Rio" (River's Tribe). Although the only characters are Tom-Tom (the main character), Tamoyo, Papaya and the Pajé, their stories feature a large range of themes, going from environmental concerns to the shock between indigenous and non-indigenous cultures. People from outside the jungle are called "Caras-pálidas" (White-faced or paleface, due to their white skin, in contrast to the usual dark skin of indigenous peoples from the Amazon) or simply "Caraíbas". When one of the Caraíbas approaches Tom-Tom's tribe, the encounter can be either friendly or unfriendly, the latter always happening when the Caraíba attempts to hunt, deforest, burn, or in any other way harm the environment. Tupã, the God of the Guarani people, and Jaci, the Moon, are occasionally mentioned.

Characters
 Tom-Tom (Papa-Capim) – Tom-Tom is a brave, curious "curumim" (child in Tupi–Guarani languages). He is an avid hunter and fisher, but above all, an environment protector that won't allow any Caraíba to harm the jungle and its animals. His original name Papa-Capim was inspired by the Portuguese name of the yellow-bellied seedeater bird.
 Tamoyo (Cafuné) – Tom-Tom's best friend. Always accompanying him through his adventures involving hunting, fishing, or fighting evil Caraíbas.
 Papaya (Jurema) – Her Portuguese name refers to a local tree. She appears as Tom-Tom's lover, but not always as his girlfriend. Sometimes, she ignores him and tells him about the many qualities other inhabitants of their tribe have, and that he needs to improve a lot to deserve her attention. However, she would frequently be jealous of him.
 Pajé – The name of this character is also the name of his position in the tribe. A "Pajé" is like a shaman, who can contact spirits and use these contacts to cure illness and sickness, view the future and receive messages from the gods. Pajé is very intelligent, and is always giving advice to Tom-Tom. He knows many secrets of the jungle, such as the curing power of plants, or the virtues of the animals.
 Kava - Tom-Tom's little cousin. As a younger child, he is very curious about his surroundings, and adventurous as well. As such, he has to be kept in line as Tom-Tom tries to teach him about things, including how to speak Portuguese (Kava mostly, if not solely, speaks a Tupi–Guarani language). His name means "wasp".

Media
In 2016 a graphic novel based on The Tribe characters entitled "Papa-Capim: Noite Branca", was released as part of the Graphic MSP being made by Marcela Godoy e Renato Guedes.

References

The Tribe at Mônica’s Gang official website

External links
Official Monica's Gang website
Official Monica's Gang website

Monica and Friends
Brazilian comic strips
Humor comics
1963 comics debuts
Comics characters introduced in 1963
Fictional Indigenous Brazilian people
Jungle (genre) comics


Words of Advice:  William S. Burroughs on the Road, is a 2007 documentary about William S. Burroughs directed by Lars Movin and Steen Møller Rasmussen and produced in Denmark. The documentary is based on never-before-seen footage from his visit to Denmark in October 1983, and from his later years in Lawrence, Kansas.

Shortly thereafter he began touring and reading his work to new generations of readers and thus establishing himself as a cult figure. The film focuses on Burroughs' unique talent as a performer, and on his later work, especially what is known as The Last Trilogy. In addition to the historic footage there are new interviews with friends and colleagues such as James Grauerholz, John Giorno, Hal Willner, Jennie Skerl, Regina Weinreich, Ann Douglas. Music by Material, Patti Smith, and Islamic Diggers.

The film premiered on 9 November 2007 at the Copenhagen International Documentary Festival in Copenhagen and the book and a Burroughs photo exhibition were launched the same night. The first international screening took place at the Paradiso in Amsterdam, as part of a Burroughs tribute event on 10 November 2007. Rasmussen was awarded the Danish Film Institute's Roos Award 2007, for "outstanding efforts in documentary filmmaking" on the basis of the film.

References

External links
cph:dox Festival programme page on this film

Danish documentary films
William S. Burroughs
2007 films
Documentary films about writers
Films about the Beat Generation
2007 documentary films
2000s English-language films


John C. Schiffer (August 17, 1945 - June 19, 2014) was a Wyoming rancher and statesman. He represented the 22nd District in the Wyoming Senate for 21 years, and served in several Senate leadership positions, including President of the Senate in 2007-2008.

Background
Schiffer was born to Ken and Bay Schiffer, in Chadron, Nebraska where his father was based at Fort Robinson during World War II. His family soon relocated to a ranch near Kaycee, Wyoming where Schiffer would be raised. He graduated from the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut before attending Colorado College and graduating with a degree in economics in 1967. He joined the U.S. Navy and served in Vietnam, where he became an lieutenant (junior grade). He returned to Kaycee to ranch in 1970 after completing his military service.  In 1971, he married his wife Nancy, whom he had dated in college.

Schiffer operated the Hat Ranch west of Kaycee in the 1970s. In the 1980s, he formed the 48 Ranch partnership on the Powder River east of Kaycee, which he operated until his death. During the 1980s, Schiffer served on the Johnson County School Board and the board of the Northern Wyoming Mental Health Center. He was appointed to the Wyoming Environmental Quality Council by Governor Mike Sullivan and served as chairman for several years. He served on the Board of the First Northern Bank in Buffalo, Wyoming. He was a board member of the Wyoming chapter of the Nature Conservancy from 1996 through 2010.

Wyoming Senate
Schiffer was appointed to the Wyoming Senate by the Johnson and Sheridan County Commissioners in 1993 to replace State Senator Bob Trent, who relocated out of state. He served in several leadership positions, including Senate Vice President (2003-2004), Senate Majority Floor Leader (2005-2006), and President of the Senate (2007-2008). He also chaired numerous committees during his service in the Senate, including the Senate Judiciary Committee (1999-2002, 2013-2014), Senate Appropriations Committee (2003-2004), the Select Committee on Mental Health and Substance Abuse (2005-2006), the Wyoming State Legislature Management Council (vice-chair, 2007-2008), the Senate Rules and Procedure Committee (2007-2008), the Senate Revenue Committee (2009-2010), the Management Audit Committee (2011-2012), and the Senate Transportation, Highways, & Military Affairs Committee (2011-2012). He chaired the Council of State Government West Energy and Public Lands Committee for several years.

As chairman of the Select Committee on Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Schiffer played a significant role in improving Wyoming's mental health and substance abuse services, an issue he began working on as a board member of the Northern Wyoming Mental Health Center.

The Wyoming County Commissioners Association honored Schiffer with their annual Senate Legislator of the Year Award in 2014 prior to his death. The award was given for his work to provide stable appropriations for local governments. He and his wife Nancy were honored in October 2014 at the Child Advocacy Service of the Big Horns (CASA) Light of Hope Breakfast for his work on student scholarships, child protection, compulsory school attendance, teacher recruitment, juvenile justice and public library endowments, and her career as a teacher, service as a volunteer, and work on the boards of the Wyoming Boys & Girls Club of the Big Horns and the Community Resource Council. In 2012, he was awarded the Council of State Governments West Bettye Fahrenkamp Award for Distinguished Legislative Leadership on Behalf of Western States.

Death
Schiffer was diagnosed with liver cancer in May 2014 and died at his home on June 19, 2014. His death garnered statewide attention, and he was eulogized by his son Ben, his long-time friend and business partner State Treasurer Mark Gordon, colleagues in the legislature, former Governor Dave Freudenthal, and Governor Matt Mead, who ordered flags flown at half-staff in Schiffer's honor.

References

External links
Wyoming Senate - John Schiffer official government website
Project Vote Smart - Senator John C. Schiffer (WY) profile
Follow the Money - John Schiffer
2006 2004 2000 1996 1994 Senate campaign contributions

School board members in Wyoming
Presidents of the Wyoming Senate
Republican Party Wyoming state senators
People from Chadron, Nebraska
People from Kaycee, Wyoming
Colorado College alumni
1945 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Wyoming


Ericameria ericoides, known by the common names California goldenbush, mock heather, and California heathgoldenrod, is a species of flowering shrubs in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the sand dunes and coastal hills between the northern San Francisco Bay Area and the Los Angeles area.

Description

Ericameria ericoides is a shrub that rarely approaches a maximum height of . It is densely foliated with comblike fans of small cylindrical leaves up to a centimeter long.

Its small erect branches are topped with inflorescences of small golden yellow flower heads, each with several disc florets and a few ray florets.

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment of Ericameria ericoides
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Ericameria ericoides
Ericameria ericoides— Calphoto Photo gallery, University of California

ericoides
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
Plants described in 1831
Taxa named by Willis Linn Jepson
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Jeff Olson (born July 14, 1962) is an American musician and the original drummer for the doom metal band Trouble. He is also the founding member of Retro Grave, keyboardist for Victor Griffin's In~Graved, proprietor of Upland Recording, and former drummer for The Skull.

Background
Olson was born on July 14, 1962, in Wareham, Massachusetts. He moved to Aurora, Illinois, at age five. He first learned to play the piano at age six and the trumpet at age eight. In 1975, Olson began marching for Drum Corps International (DCI) in the Fox Valley Raiders playing Melephone. In 1977, Olson changed instruments with the Fox Valley Raiders and began playing first soprano bugle. By 1978, he shocked his horn instructors and auditioned and made the snare line until the corps folded that year. Olson then joined the Blue Stars in early 1978, but the drum line was full. He, therefore, marched the season again as first soprano bugle until he joined the band Trouble in 1979. Olson can be seen on the DCI Legacy DVD (front row first soprano bugle side left).

During Trouble's hiatuses he graduated from Berklee College of Music in 1992 with a BM degree in Film Scoring and later composed music for the Borealis Theater Company in Chicago. In 1996, Olson created the "electronic music ensemble" course when he was a teacher of midi and recording techniques at Waubonsee Community College in Aurora, Illinois. The following year, he was commissioned by the Paula Fraz Dance Company in Chicago to arrange and compose original music for the performance of Songs My Mother Sang Me. Olson received the Ruth Page Award for his work on that production.

Career

Trouble
Following the release of their first two albums, 1984's Psalm 9 and 1985's The Skull, Olson left Trouble in 1986 to teach music while also writing musical scores and later receiving a Bachelor of Music degree in Film Scoring (cum laude) from Berklee College of Music. He returned to the band for the albums Run to the Light (Hammond organ), Trouble (pre-pro for drums, keyboards), Plastic Green Head (drums), Simple Mind Condition (drums, French horn), Unplugged, and Live in LA.

Olson has toured with Trouble since 1979, headlining shows throughout the United States and Europe, as well as performing at numerous music festivals in Europe including the 1995 Dynamo Open Air in the Netherlands. In July 2008, Olson announced his departure from Trouble. His last show with them was at "The End" in Nashville, Tennessee, on July 19, 2008.

On February 16, 2013, Olson announced that he would be playing keys on Trouble's new album The Distortion Field, released 2013.

Songs written for Trouble by Olson
"Victim of the Insane" - Psalm 9
Drum parts for "E.N.D." - Trouble
"Till The End of Time" - Plastic Green Head
"Beginning of Sorrows" - Simple Mind Condition
"Intro" - Live in LA

Retro Grave
In 2006, Olson formed Retro Grave while still the drummer for Trouble. The debut self-titled EP was released on June 5, 2007, and was written, recorded, and performed entirely by Olson alongside lyricist Paull Goodchild. The debut full-length, Again, was released on February 9, 2010, with guest musicians.

Olson is now collaborating again with lyricist Paull Goodchild for the sophomore album, Skullduggery.

Other projects
In addition to Olson's work with Trouble and Retro Grave, he played drums on the debut Supershine album (the band formed by Doug Pinnick and Trouble guitarist Bruce Franklin). Olson also played drums on Trouble guitarist Rick Wartell's Wet Animal debut album and was involved in pre-production work and recorded percussion for Canticle of the Plains by Rich Mullins.

In 2001, he started his own label, Upland Recording, which released two albums in its first year. One was a children's album, Children's Stories from Around the World, narrated by Marie Fraz. The other was a jazz and classical album, Music to Cook By, compiled from his previous theater work.

On July 5, 2010, Olson premiered an Internet radio show, Heady Metal with Jeff Olson, via Metal Messiah Radio. The show features interviews with musicians from different metal genres across the board, comedic segments, and music news. Olson's first guest was Dave Chandler of Saint Vitus.

In February 2012, Olson started a new band called The Skull with original Trouble vocalist Eric Wagner and former Trouble bassist Ron Holzner. On May 23, 2012, Olson announced his departure from the band stating he will "wait for a real Trouble reunion with original members or not play Trouble's music at all."

On December 20, 2012, Olson announced that he will play Hammond organ on the forthcoming debut album from In-Graved, the new band led by former Pentagram and Place of Skulls guitarist Victor Griffin. Olson is also part of the In~Graved touring line up.

In a press release on August 20, 2013, Olson announced that he had a change of heart and rejoined The Skull, saying "I want to rock again". Olson participated in The Skull's 2014 tour celebrating Trouble's 30th anniversary of their debut record, Psalm 9.

On January 25, 2014, Allagash Brewing Company released a pilot beer called "Red Howes" brewed by Olson. The beer is an Imperial Stout brewed with cranberries and was named after his grandfather who built cranberry bogs in Massachusetts. On the release day, Olson performed an hour of live music at the brewery located in Portland, Maine. A CD was given out with each 750 ML purchase of "Red Howes" that consisted of Retro Grave music, Red Howes gospel music, and stories narrated by Howes.

Personal life
Olson married his personal manager, Leigh Rush, in a private ceremony on Saturday, October 25, 2008. Rush wore a traditional white dress while Olson donned a black tuxedo with his traditional Chuck Taylors. The couple currently resides in Kennebunk, Maine.

References

External links
 Official Retro Grave website
 Heady Metal with Jeff Olson website

Metal Blade Records artists
American heavy metal musicians
1962 births
Living people
People from Wareham, Massachusetts
People from Kennebunk, Maine
American performers of Christian music
Trouble (band) members


Tichilești is a leper colony in Isaccea, Tulcea County, Romania, having 9 inhabitants in 2019. Although officially a hospital, Tichilești appears to be more like a small village, and is formally administered as a village by Isaccea. Tichilești was founded as a monastery, in 1875 becoming a leper colony.

Name
Tichilești's name is derived from the Turkish name of the settlement, Tekeli is derived from the Turkish word teke, meaning "he-goat".

History

Tichilești was founded as a monastery, in 1875 becoming a leper colony. A legend says the monastery was founded by one of the Cantacuzino princesses who was affected by leprosy. Another theory of the history the settlement is that a group of Russian refugees (see Lipovans) settled there and founded the monastery, but soon became outlaws who were eventually caught.

In 1918, for unknown reasons, a part of the lepers moved to Largeanca, near the Bessarabian town of Ismail, while the rest of them being allegedly killed and their bodies being burned or thrown in a lime pit.

Following a 1926 newspaper article by F. Brunea-Fox, a journalist who lived with the lepers for three weeks, a hospital was built in 1928 at the monastery. The houses and the central courtyard were built in the 1930s.

In July 1932, a group of 25 starving lepers from Tichilești threatened to march to Bucharest and entered the town of Isaccea demanding food. Local grocers and farmers had stopped supplying them food because the government had not been providing funding. The Isacceans barred their houses until the military escorted the lepers back to their colony.

Initially, the lepers were not allowed to leave the colony. This changed in 1991, but many residents, who had lived most of their lives in the colony, continued living there.

European Union funds came to Tichilești in the decade following the year 2000, and they were able to install bathrooms, refrigerators, and satellite television, and to put air-conditioners in the canteen.

Demographics
The last case of leprosy in Romania was diagnosed in 1981 and the age of the patients in Tichilești in 2002 ranged between 37 and 90, most of them having an age of more than 60 years. In Tichilești there are two churches, an Orthodox one and a Baptist one.

A cure for leprosy has been known for a long time, however the disease was too advanced for these people who live in Tichilești. As a result they were not cured but it made it no longer contagious.

Population
 1930: 200
 1998: 39
 2002: 22
 2011: 19
 2017: 10
 2019: 9

References

External links
 IMDB: Geschichten aus dem Lepratal, a 2002 German documentary about the village.
 IMDB: Hudiceva kolonija (Devil's Colony), a 2006 Slovenian documentary about the village.

Hospitals in Romania
Hospital buildings completed in 1928
Leper colonies
Isaccea
Hospitals established in 1875
Buildings and structures in Tulcea County
1875 establishments in Romania


Mark Worthington (born 8 June 1983) is an Australian basketball player for the Willetton Tigers of the NBL1 West. He played 11 seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL).

Early life and career
Born in Bunbury, Western Australia, Worthington grew up in the nearby town of Australind, where he attended Australind Primary School and Australind Senior High School. He played for the Bunbury Slammers as a youth and started his career as a development player for the Cairns Taipans.

College career
Worthington played college basketball in the United States at Metropolitan State University of Denver under coach Mike Dunlap from 2001 to 2005. He won the NABC Division II Player of the Year award in 2004–05.

Professional career
After a standout career at Metro State, Worthington made his debut with the Sydney Kings of the National Basketball League, winning the NBL Rookie of the Year Award in 2005–06. He played three seasons with the Kings, before signing with the South Dragons for the 2008–09 season. He helped the Dragons win the NBL championship before they folded in 2009. He subsequently signed with the Melbourne Tigers for the 2009–10 season. In 2010, he had a stint with German team Brose Baskets.

For the 2010–11 season, Worthington joined the Gold Coast Blaze. In 2011, he had stints with Puerto Rican teams Mets de Guaynabo and Piratas de Quebradillas, before returning to the Blaze for the 2011–12 season.

In July 2012, Worthington signed with Serbian team Radnički Kragujevac. He suffered a season-ending injury in December 2012, forcing him to eventually leave Kragujevac in February 2013. He played 14 games, averaging 10.2 points and 3.6 rebounds per game.

On 18 July 2013, Worthington signed with the Melbourne Tigers, returning to the club for a second stint. In May 2014, the Tigers changed their name to United.

On 7 July 2015, Worthington signed a two-year deal with the Cairns Taipans. On 13 January 2016, he played his 300th NBL game. On 22 January 2017, Worthington announced his decision to retire at the end of the 2016–17 season. His 335th and final NBL game came in the Taipans' game two semi-final loss to the Perth Wildcats on 20 February 2017 at Perth Arena.

Worthington was named in the Sydney Kings 25th Anniversary Team in 2013 and the Basketball WA Hall of Fame in 2022.

On 2 March 2023, Worthington came out of retirement as a 39-year-old and signed with the Willetton Tigers of the NBL1 West for the 2023 season.

National team career
Worthington made his debut for the Australian national team in 2005 at the FIBA Oceania Championship. He has since played for them at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and four years later in London, as well as at the FIBA World Championship in 2006 and 2010.

Coaching career
In February 2016, Worthington was appointed head coach of QBL women's side, the Cairns Dolphins. After two seasons with the Dolphins, Worthington spent the 2017–18 U.S. college season as an assistant coach with the Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team. In October 2019, Worthington was appointed head coach of SBL men's side, the South West Slammers, for the 2020 season. He coached them in the inaugural season of the NBL1 West in 2021.

Personal life
Worthington's father, Greg, is a basketball coach who has been involved with the South West Slammers. His brother, Trent, played for many years with the Slammers' SBL team.

Worthington and his ex-wife, Andrea, have two sons, Taz and Axel. In May 2023 he announced his engagement to AFLW player Dana Hooker.

In August 2012, it was announced that Worthington was considering a switch to play Australian rules football for the West Coast Eagles. His uncle, Kevin Worthington played for the Collingwood, Claremont and Perth football clubs in the 1970s and 1980s.

References

External links
 Mark Worthington at taipans.com
 Mark Worthington at eurocupbasketball.com
 Mark Worthington at olympics.com.au
 "Coming Home" at nbl.com.au
 "Former NBL star comes up from down under" at laloyolan.com
 "Winning, helping next generation drives Wortho's return" at nbl1.com.au
 2022 Basketball WA Hall of Fame Inductee interview

1983 births
Living people
2006 FIBA World Championship players
2010 FIBA World Championship players
ABA League players
Australian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Australian expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Australian men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Brose Bamberg players
Cairns Taipans players
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in basketball
Gold Coast Blaze players
KK Radnički Kragujevac (2009–2014) players
Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball coaches
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Melbourne Tigers players
Melbourne United players
Metro State Roadrunners men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players for Australia
Sportspeople from Bunbury, Western Australia
Piratas de Quebradillas players
Power forwards (basketball)
Small forwards
South Dragons players
Sydney Kings players
Sportsmen from Western Australia
Mets de Guaynabo basketball players


The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named "Sean" and "Hamish"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British comedy double act Morecambe and Wise, and an irreverent and farcical exploration of the nature of double acts in general.

Synopsis
Its title is drawn from one of Morecambe and Wise's catchphrases, as is "A Tight Squeeze for the Scarlet Pimple", the "play within a play" (with a cameo by a mystery guest star) which formed the play's second half.  It is named after the "play wot I wrote", a series of inept plays, supposedly written by a proud Ernie Wise, and featuring a celebrity guest which formed the finale to each Morecambe and Wise show.  In The Play What I Wrote, "Sean" writes a similarly inept play and is humoured by "Hamish" in the first half by having it performed.  As in the Morecambe and Wise antecedent, the celebrity would play him or herself set up to appear, rather foolishly, as the title character of this play within a play. Celebrities who appeared as the mystery guest during the show's London run included Ralph Fiennes (who appeared on opening night), Ewan McGregor, Bob Geldof, Cilla Black and Sue Johnston. Kevin Kline, Roger Moore (who suffered a heart attack onstage one night during the performance), Alan Alda, Jeff Goldblum and Daniel Radcliffe were among those who appeared in the Broadway run.

Background
According to Foley the idea for producing a show about Morecambe and Wise originally came from David Pugh: although Foley and McColl regarded the idea of "impersonat(ing) one of the most famous double-acts of all time" as "a poisoned chalice", the duo worked on a script with the hope that Pugh would reconsider the idea. When Pugh expressed his approval for what they had written, the pair decided that rather than engaging in a straightforward imitation of Morecambe and Wise, they should essentially play themselves in what Foley described as "a homage... but a cock-eyed one. The idea was to look at what it means to be a double-act as well as evoking Eric and Ernie’s comic spirit".  Braben contributed some new jokes to the play: according to Foley, he insisted on being paid per gag.  Foley and McColl initially asked Toby Jones, who knew them and was a fan of their work, to play multiple supporting roles in the show, Jones initially refused: they then consolidated the various parts into the character of Arthur, a nod to Arthur Tolcher, who regularly appeared in Morecambe and Wise's TV shows: Jones accepted the combined role.

Production history
The play debuted at the Liverpool Playhouse Theatre in the summer of 2001. It then premiered in the  West End at the Wyndham's Theatre in November 2001, directed by Kenneth Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for The Guardian, wrote: "The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for Variety, wrote "...it's the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening's best calling card,...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones." Irving Davies received a nomination for the 2002 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer, and Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination also in the Laurence Olivier Awards. Although they did not win, the production achieved an Olivier Award for Best Comedy and for best actor in a supporting role for Jones. It subsequently toured the UK from 2002 to 2003.

The play opened on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre on March 30, 2003, and closed on June 15, 2003, after 89 performances. It was nominated for the 2003 Tony Award for Special Theatrical Event but did not win. One of the show's producers was Mike Nichols, with the cast that featured Sean Foley, Hamish McColl, Toby Jones and Kevin Kline (guest). The script was only slightly rewritten for the benefit of American audiences who were unlikely to have been familiar with Morecambe and Wise.

The show offered tickets for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Broadway preview performances for $1, $2, $3, $4, and $5, respectively as a publicity stunt.

A 20th anniversary revival was directed by Sean Foley as part of his first season as artistic director at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre which opened in November 2021 before touring the UK in spring 2022. The cast features Dennis Herdman, Thom Tuck and Mitesh Soni with a mystery guest star at each performance including Kara Tointon, Denise Welch, Tom Hiddleston, Sue Holderness, Gary Lucy, Keith Allen, Annette Badland and Charles Dance. The production was filmed during the run at the Theatre Royal, Bath in January 2022 (with Tom Hiddleston as the mystery guest) and broadcast on BBC4 on December 18, 2022.

References

External links

Press reviews
Eric And Ern - Keeping The Magic Alive  **Book, Film, TV Reviews, Interviews**

2001 plays
Broadway plays
Comedy plays
Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays
Morecambe and Wise
West End plays


Kim Jung-hwa (born September 9, 1983) is a South Korean actress. She rose to fame in the 2002 sitcom Nonstop 3, and has since played leading roles in the television series Something About 1% (2003) and Snow White: Taste Sweet Love (2004), as well as the films Spy Girl (2004) and The Elephant on the Bike (2007).

Career
Kim Jung-hwa made her acting debut in 2000 when she appeared in Lee Seung-hwan's music video "You to You." She rose to fame in 2002 with the sitcom Nonstop 3, and was soon cast in supporting roles in the television dramas Glass Slippers (2002) and Into the Sun (2003).

Kim starred as the leading actress in the romantic comedies Something About 1% (2003) in which she played a middle school teacher who enters a contract marriage with a tycoon's grandson, and Snow White: Taste Sweet Love (2004) where her homely character is unexpectedly caught in a love triangle between two brothers. This was followed by her first film Spy Girl (2004), a comedy about a North Korean agent who goes undercover in the South as a Burger King employee, but to her dismay finds herself becoming popular with the male student customers.

Kim made her stage debut in 2006, in the Russian plays Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov and The Lower Depths by Maxim Gorky. She later starred in the homegrown musical Audition (2007), Sam Shepard's Fool for Love (2010), and the Kim Kwang-seok jukebox musical The Days (2013).

Her next major film role was in 2007's The Elephant on the Bike, as the love interest of an emotionally withdrawn zookeeper with a deformed hand. She then drew positive reviews for her portrayal of a cold-hearted loan shark heiress in the hit drama War of Money. Kim continued to appear in television, notably in four-episode anthology Things We Do That We Know We Will Regret (2008), and historical dramas The Kingdom of the Winds (2009) and Gwanggaeto, The Great Conqueror (2011). In 2012, Kim starred in Solid but Fluid (titled "Silverscreen Lovers" in Korean), a 3D short film about a soon-to-be-married couple that catches a glimpse of their future while at the drive-in theater.

Kim published a book of essays in 2012, which included her musings on life as an actress, as well as stories about her volunteer work helping impoverished children as part of the fight against global hunger. She titled it Hello, Agnes!, after the African child with HIV/AIDS whom she met in Uganda and has sponsored since 2009. Kim donated all proceeds to charity.

After a supporting role in Dating Agency: Cyrano (2013), Kim returned to cable television in 2015 in the disaster/medical drama D-Day.

Personal life
Kim married contemporary Christian music composer and missionary Yoo Eun-sung on August 24, 2013. They first met when both became goodwill ambassadors for the humanitarian organization Food for the Hungry International, and grew close when Yoo composed the music while Kim wrote the lyrics for the single "Hello, Agnes!" which accompanied the release of Kim's same-titled memoir.

She gave birth to their first child, son Yoo Hwa on June 14, 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia.

Filmography

Television series

Films

Music videos

Variety/radio shows

Theater

Discography

Book

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
South Korean television actresses
South Korean film actresses
South Korean musical theatre actresses
South Korean stage actresses
21st-century South Korean actresses
South Korean female models
Urok Kim clan
Actresses from Seoul


The World's Drinks And How To Mix Them is a cocktail manual by William "Cocktail" Boothby originally published in 1900, with revised editions in 1908, 1930 and 1934. The publisher was the Palace Hotel in San Francisco, where Boothby worked.

The cover of the 1908 edition describes this as the "Standard Authority" by a "Premier Mixologist".

The book published the first recipe for the sazerac, one of the earliest recipes for a dry martini, as well as the Bronx cocktail.

References

External links
 Complete 1908 edition available online

1900 non-fiction books
1900 in California
20th century in San Francisco
American cookbooks
Cocktails
Culture of San Francisco


An infrared point sensor is a point gas detector based on the nondispersive infrared sensor technology.

Principle
Dual source and dual receivers are used for self compensation of changes in alignment, light source intensity and component efficiency. The transmitted beams from two infrared sources are superimposed onto an internal beam splitter. 50% of the overlapping sample and reference signal is passed through the gas measuring path and reflected back onto the measuring detector. The presence of combustible gas will reduce the intensity of the sample beam and not the reference beam, with the difference between these two signals being proportional to the concentration of gas present in the measuring path. The other 50% of the overlapped signal passes through the beam splitter and onto the compensation detector. The compensation detector monitors the intensity of the two infrared sources and automatically compensates for any long term drift.

Mean time between failures may go up to 15 years.

Micro heaters
Micro heaters can be used to raise the temperature from optical surfaces above ambient to enhance performance and to prevent condensation on the optical surfaces.

Range
Toxic gases are measured in the low parts per million (ppm) range. Flammable gases are measured in the 0 - 100% lower flammable limit (LFL) or lower explosive limit (LEL) range.

See also
 List of sensors
 Maintenance-free operating period
 Service life
 ATEX directive II 1G EEx ia IIC T6
 Infrared gas analyzer - for gas monitoring and analysis, rather than leak detection.

Gas sensors


The Bughea is a right tributary of the river Teleajen in Romania. It flows into the Teleajen near Gura Vitioarei. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Prahova County


Luca Barbareschi (born 28 July 1956 in Montevideo) is an Italian-Uruguayan actor, television presenter, and former member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies. Barbareschi is Jewish.

He was one of four actors whom the Italian police believed had been murdered in the making of the 1980 horror film Cannibal Holocaust, where he also abused and killed a young piglet. So realistic was the film that shortly after it was released its director Ruggero Deodato was arrested on suspicions of murder. The actors had signed contracts to stay out of the media for a year in order to fuel rumours that the film was a snuff movie. The court was only convinced that they were alive when the contracts were cancelled and the actors appeared on a television show as proof.

In 2008, he was elected as Member of the Italian Parliament at the Chamber of Deputies with Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right party The People of Freedom. In 2010 he joined, with other 32 deputies and 10 senators, the Gianfranco Fini's new party Future and Freedom. He left parliament in 2013.

On 28 August 2012 in Filicudi a similar event is repeated which sees Barbareschi attack again with kicks and punches the journalist Filippo Roma and hit his cameraman.

Filmography

Cinema

1977 – Ultimo mondo cannibale
1979 – Da Corleone a Brooklyn
1980 – Cannibal Holocaust as Mark
1983 – Dream of a Summer Night
1984 – Impiegati
1986 – Via Montenapoleone
1987 – Private Affairs
1988 – Bye Bye Baby
1990 – In nome del popolo sovrano
1991 – L'amico arabo
1992 – La bionda
1992 – Obiettivo indiscreto
1994 – La delegazione
1995 – La tenda nera
1995 – La famiglia Ricordi
1995 – Il cielo è sempre più blu
1996 – Ardena
1999 – Le fils du Français
2002 – Il Trasformista
2008 – The International
2010 – Noi credevamo
2013 – Something Good (director, actor)
2019 – Dolceroma (producer)
2019 – An Officer and a Spy (producer)
2021 – Appunti di un venditore di donne (producer)
2022 – Ero in guerra ma non lo sapevo (producer)
2023 – The Palace (producer)

Television
1992 – Questo è amore
1992 – That's Amore
1997 – Trenta righe per un delitto
1998 – Cronaca nera
1999 – Jesus
2000 – Greed
2002 – Giorni da leone
2003 – Una vita in regalo
2004 – Rivoglio i miei figli
2005 – Nebbie e delitti
2005 – Les Rois maudits
2006 – Giorni da leone 2
2006 – La profezia dei templari
2007 – Nebbie e delitti 2
2009 – Nebbie e delitti 3
2012 – Nero Wolfe (producer)
2013 – Le Iene con Botte da Orbi
2015 – Pietro Mennea - La freccia del sud (fiction)
2022 – Il grande gioco (producer)

Theatre
2004 – Amadeus
2006 – Il Sogno del Principe di Salina, l'Ultimo Gattopardo

References

External links
Luca Barbareschi official site

1956 births
Italian male film actors
Living people
Future and Freedom politicians
The People of Freedom politicians
20th-century Italian Jews
Jewish actors
21st-century Italian Jews


Transport in Saskatchewan includes an infrastructure system of roads, highways, freeways, airports, ferries, pipelines, trails, waterways, and railway systems serving a population of approximately 1,098,352 (according to 2016 census) inhabitants year-round.

It is funded primarily with local, rural municipality, and federal government funds.

History
Early European settlers and explorers in Canada introduced the wheel to North America's Aboriginal peoples, who relied on canoes, york boat, bateaux, and kayaks,  in addition to the snowshoe, toboggan, and sled in winter. Europeans adopted these technologies as Europeans pushed deeper into the continent's interior, and were thus able to travel via the waterways that fed from the St. Lawrence River Great Lakes route and Hudson Bay Churchill River route and then across land to Saskatchewan.

In the 19th century and early 20th century transportation relied on harnessing oxen to Red River carts or horse to wagon. Maritime transportation was via manual labour such as canoe or wind on sail and utilized the North Saskatchewan River or South Saskatchewan River routes mainly. Water or land travel speeds was approximately 8 to 15 kilometres per hour (5 to  9 miles per hour).
Settlement was along river routes, and trade was locally concentrated initially on fur trading posts. Agricultural commodities were perishable, and trade centres were within 50 kilometres. Rural areas centred on villages, and they were approximately  apart. The advent of steam railways and steamships connected resources and markets of vast distances in the late 19th century.

Automobile and truck travel was employed in the early 20th century with highways and roads being under construction. The roadways ran parallel to the rail lines. The auto was abandoned in the depression years of the dirty thirties, and cars were towed by horse and became known as Bennett Buggies. The years following World War II showed much growth as the social economic lifestyle of Saskatchewan changed considerably. Gone were the farmers on each quarter section, and also leaving the prairie landscape were elevators. Grain storage elevators used to be required every 6 miles for loads by horse and cart. Combines introduced large scale farms, trucks introduced larger centres with a larger quantity of elevators. In the 1940s the branch rail lines were not economically feasible, were abandoned, and soon disappeared. As farms increased in size township roads and road allowances became part of the field.

Trails

Historically buffalo and Red River cart trails criss-crossed the prairies.  Métis fur traders and brigades would follow these trails freighting supplies for the Hudson's Bay Company. Originally following trails created by bison, trails connected together trading posts, North-West Mounted Police forts and barracks. The Dominion government Boundary Commission Trail, the North-West Mounted Police Red Coat Trail, American–Canadian boundary trails, telegraph trail, railway trail, and rebellion trails were later trails. Due to the hard compaction of prairie sod, the remnants of this trail are still visible via satellite imaging to the trained historian eye.

From Winnipeg, Manitoba, through to Edmonton, Alberta, was the famed Carlton Trail also known as the Saskatchewan or Edmonton trail.  The trail went from Fort Ellice east of the present Manitoba Saskatchewan border northwest to Fort Carlton,  and followed the North Saskatchewan River, and onwards to Jackfish Lake and thence across the present Alberta Saskatchewan border.

Fort Qu'Appelle, Prince Albert, and the territorial capital, Battleford were the main centres in the 19th century. From these extended a variety of trails as spokes extend from the hub on a wheel. This includes he 190 mile long (300 km) Swift Current-Battleford Trail, an important late-nineteenth century transportation and communications link between settlements of Swift Current and Battleford

The boundary survey trail was a  wide trail cut through timber and brush by a surveying team marking the 49th parallel beginning  between 1872 and 1874. In 1874, the North-West Mounted Police were dispatched to Fort Whoop-Up in Alberta. They travelled through the United States to the Manitoba border, and from there were to follow the boundary survey trail to Fort Whoop-Up. There actual route extended through Roche Percee, the Cypress Hills, Ponteix, and near Medicine Hat. 1875 marked the beginnings of the Telegraph Trail which was a  wide trail from Fort Pelly, to Fort Carlton, Humboldt, Prince Albert, Battleford, and onwards to Edmonton. This was to be the initial stages for the transcontinental railway to travel through the more populated areas of the fur trade area and the North-West Territories' capital, Battleford.  The southern area of the North-West territories was deemed in Palliser's report to be a vast desert and unfit for human habitation.

Rail

The first Canadian transcontinental railway was constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1881 and 1885.  The first proposal was northerly through the Saskatchewan provisional district of the North-West Territories to support the fur trade. The final established route was through the Assiniboia provisional district of the North-West Territories. Towns such as Moosomin, Qu'Appelle, Regina, Moose Jaw, and Swift Current sprang up along the railway and became trade centres. The new economy saw grain and agricultural farming as a viable alternative, and Clifford Sifton implemented a massive immigration policy in support of settling the West. The rail lines followed the established trails generally as the most practical method of travelling through the prairies. After the great east–west transcontinental railway was built, north–south connector branch lines were established. In 1885, the Regina and Long Lake Railway connected Regina and Craven. The railway was eventually expanded north to Prince Albert.  The Regina and Long Lake railroad or the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company crossed the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatoon, Hub city in 1890.  In 1907 the communities of Melville, The Rail Centre, Watrous, and Biggar  became divisional points for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Moose Jaw, dubbed Little Chicago, was the northern terminus on the Soo Line, which ran to Chicago, and provided a route during the prohibition years for alcohol freighting between Canada and the United States.
The 1920s saw the largest rise in trackage as the CPR and CNR fell into competition to provide rail service within ten kilometres. In the 1960s there were applications for abandonment of branch lines.

Today the only two passenger rail services in the province are The Canadian and the Winnipeg – Churchill train, both operated by Via Rail. The Canadian is a transcontinental service linking Toronto with Vancouver. Within Saskatchewan The Canadian calls at Melville, Watrous, Saskatoon, Biggar, and Unity stations.  The Winnipeg - Churchill train calls at Togo, Kamsack, Veregin, Mikado, Canora, Sturgis, Endeavour, Reserve, and Hudson Bay.

There are nearly 1,734 km of short-line freight railways in the province. These railways are regulated by the provincial government, and include:
Southern Rails Cooperative (72 km)
Carlton Trail Railway (481 km)
Red Coat Road and Rail (115 km)
Great Western Railway (496 km)
Thunder Rail (31 km)
Wheatland Rail (74 km)
Fife Lake Railway (94 km)
Torch River Rail (45 km)
Great Sandhills Railway (187 km)
Last Mountain Railway (136 km)

Highways

The Dominion Land Survey system for homesteading provided for townships which were six miles square (). An iron post was driven into the ground at the north-east corner of every  square. Road allowances were to the north and east of the iron monuments.

By 1921, there were  of road allowance in the province which began as dirt roads. A system began of improved and unimproved dirt, gravel, oil-gravel surfaced roads, and all weather paved roads and highways.  Currently Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation operates over  of highways and divided highways, over 800 bridges, 12 separate ferries, and one barge. There are also municipal roads which comprise different surfaces. Asphalt concrete pavements comprise almost , granular pavement almost , non structural or thin membrane surface TMS are close to  and finally gravel highways make up over  through the province. TMS roads are maintained by the provincial government department: Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation. In the northern sector, ice roads which can only be navigated in the winter months comprise another approximately  of travel. Dirt roads also still exist in rural areas and would be maintained by the local resident. All in all, Saskatchewan consists of over  of roads and highways, the highest amount of road surface compared to any other Canadian province. Roads need to be constructed for the hot summer months, as well as the frigid winter months. Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation seeks to provide an operational transportation system that ensures the safe travel of people and products within a vast province. Crack filling, snow and ice removal, pavement marking, signage, lighting, and infrastructure planning.  The rural municipalities care for rural roads of which 97 per cent are gravel and the rest asphalt surface. Road transport provides short and long haul movement for both commercial freight and passenger traffic. Short haul traffic moving small volumes is an economically feasible method low cost method of freight hauling.

The principal highways in Saskatchewan are the Trans Canada expressway, Yellowhead Highway northern Trans Canada route, Louis Riel Trail, CanAm Highway, Red Coat Trail, Northern Woods and Water route, and  Saskota travel route.

The Government of Canada has agreed to contribute $20 million for two new interchanges in Saskatoon. One of them being at the Sk Hwy 219 / Lorne Ave intersection with Circle Drive, the other at the Senator Sid Buckwold Bridge (Idylwyld Freeway) and Circle Drive. This is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the Canadian National Railway's intermodal freight terminal thereby increasing Asia-Pacific trade. Also, the Government of Canada will contribute $27 million to Regina to construct a Canadian Pacific Railway CPR intermodal facility and improve infrastructure transportation to the facility from both national highway networks, Sk Hwy 1, the TransCanada Highway and Sk Hwy 11, Louis Riel Trail. This also is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the CPR terminal and increase Asia-Pacific trade.

As of 1946, the Saskatchewan Transportation Company (STC) was formed to provide inter city transportation services via highway bus service. The provincial government closed STC on 31 May 2017.

Urban transport

Urban, suburban, and interurban transport has included streetcars, electric railways, electric trolleys (trolley buses), motor buses, and motor coaches.  The Saskatoon Electric Railway and Power Company, Moose Jaw Electric Railway Company and the Regina Municipal Railway , were electric railways, and were first operational in 1911. Regina stopped using the electric trolley buses in 1966. Saskatoon's streetcar system closed in 1951, and its trolley bus system in 1974. The Saskatoon Transit System was renamed Saskatoon Transit Services in 1995.

Waterways
The main Saskatchewan waterways are the North Saskatchewan River or South Saskatchewan River routes. Early ferry service and steamship travel were employed on the major waterways.
Barges for freight transfer have used the Athabasca River servicing Uranium City, Fond du Lac, Stony Rapids, and Black Lake. Wollaston Lake barge services Wollaston lake.

As early as 1874 the SS Northcote travelled between Grand Rapids, Manitoba and went as far west as Edmonton, Alberta, through Carlton House on the North Saskatchewan River. The City of Medicine Hat  traversed the South Saskatchewan River waters near Saskatoon. Carrot River used steamships to aid in the logging industry. Last Mountain Lake used steamships and was a main impetus for the formation of the Qu'Appelle Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway and Steamship Company (QLLR). The North West Navigation Co. had four steamships to aid in the fur trade industry, Princess, Marquette, Colville, and Glendevon.  Winnipeg and Western Company's had three steamers, the Northcote, the Marquis and North West.

Ferry services
There are currently twelve ferry services operating in the province, all under the jurisdiction of the Department of Highways. In the 1920s through to the 1950s there were 36 ferries in operation, the highest number of ferries in the province. In the 1860s the Hudson's Bay Company built a river ferry near Fort Carlton on the North Saskatchewan River.  1871 saw the ferry crossing at Gabriel's Crossing near present-day St. Laurent Ferry. In 1883 a ferry on the Battleford Trail was able to provide crossing service for two red river carts across the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan Landing. This ferry operated until 1953 when the second bridge was officially opened.

Bridges

Early corduroy log road bridges, and rail bridges were the precursors to vehicular traffic bridges. The Qu’Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway Company built a railway bridge in 1890 at Saskatoon crossing the South Saskatchewan River.  Saskatoon is termed "The City of Bridges".  By 1908, another two railway bridges were constructed in Saskatoon, the McDonald or CP Railway Bridge and the Grand Trunk or CN Railway Bridge. The Traffic Bridge, a truss bridge opened October 10, 1907, as the first vehicle bridge in Saskatoon.

North Battleford, Swift Current and Nipawin constructed railway bridges.

The Ceepee bridge (later renamed the Borden Bridge) was built 1936 across the North Saskatchewan River between Saskatoon and the Battlefords.  This bridge has been abandoned, and replaced.

In south-west Saskatchewan, near Gull Lake, North Battleford, Scotsguard and Outlook are abandoned highway traffic bridges.

In total, there are 3,050 bridges maintained by the Department of Highways in Saskatchewan.

Airports

Saskatoon featured its inaugural Air Harbour in 1913 near the exhibition grounds. The Hudson Bay Slough site established in 1922 became the site for the present airport. The Department of National Defence, Civil Aviation Branch requested the City of Saskatoon to establish an airport.  Saskatoon Airport was part of the  Department of National Defence during the years of World War II and an RCAF training school was established. Trans-Canada Air Lines began 1947. The Saskatoon Airport (YXE) was named the John G. Diefenbaker Airport in the official ceremony, June 23, 1993. Roland J. Groome Airfield is the official designation for the Regina International Airport (YQR) as of  August 3, 2005. The Regina Flying Club sought to establish an airport as of 1927, and in 1930 the Regina Municipal Airport was constructed.

Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), twenty Service Flying Training Schools (RAF) were established at various Saskatchewan locations in World War II.  Moose Jaw RCAF is home to the aeronautics team, the Snowbirds''.

Airlines offering service to Saskatchewan are Air Canada, WestJet Airlines, Transwest Air, Norcanair Airlines, La Ronge Aviation Services Ltd, La Loche Airways, Osprey Wings Ltd, Buffalo Narrows Airways Ltd, Skyservice Airlines, Île-à-la-Crosse Airways Ltd, Voyage Air, Pronto Airways, Venture Air Ltd, Pelican Narrows Air Service, Jackson Air Services Ltd, and Northern Dene Airways Ltd.

Pipelines

Pipelines are part of the energy production and transportation network of Canada and, in this regard, may carry natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, synthetic crude, or other petroleum based products. The 1930s saw the first pipe line system in Lloydminster.

Hiking trails in Saskatchewan

The Trans Canada Trail is a trail traversing every province across Canada.  Across Saskatchewan are a variety of trails, hiking, cross country ski trails, and snowmobile or skidoo trails. Hiking or backpacking trails abound across Saskatchewan, the most notable is the hike into Grey Owl's Cabin within the Prince Albert National Park.
Skytrail, Canada's longest pedestrian bridge, is in the Outlook & District Regional Park.  The Saskatchewan Trails Association brings together information for trail enthusiasts of all forms hikers, cyclists, horseback riders, skiers, ski-dooers, or canoeists.   The Three Rivers Trail Association (TRTA) is developing interpretative trails between the Arm River, the Qu'Appelle River, and the South Saskatchewan Rivers. The Meewasin Valley Authority has constructed and maintained a series of walking trails along the South Saskatchewan River banks in Saskatoon.

See also

 Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure
 Numbered highways in Canada
 Plug-in electric vehicles in Saskatchewan

References

External links


The Pierogi Fest is an annual festival in Whiting, Indiana, United States, organized by the Whiting–Robertsdale Chamber of Commerce (WRCoC). It gets its name from the pierogi, a Polish dumpling. It draws more than 250,000 visitors each year.

The festival takes place on the last weekend of July, on 119th Street in downtown Whiting. The street is only open to foot traffic during the festival. There are food booths set up along the streets serving pierogi, kielbasa and sauerkraut. There are also live music performances, and carnival rides. Other events include a Polka Parade, Pierogi Toss and eating competitions, and the Mr. Pierogi Songfest, which features food and fest-related parodies of popular songs. It features locally famous characters to bring goodwill, such as Mr. Pierogi, the Buscias, Miss Paczki, Halupki Guy, Polkahontas, and the Pieroguettes.

Pierogi Fest has been featured by Oprah, Yahoo Travel, and more.

In 2017 the festival's organizers filed a trademark infringement lawsuit in federal court against the organizers of the Edwardsville, Pennsylvania, Pierogi Festival, asking them to change their event's name. At first the Edwardsville Hometown Committee (EHC), who characterized the WRCoC's requested licensing fee as "extortionate", filed a counterclaim challenging the trademark and seeking damages against the WRCoC for enforcing an invalid trademark. By the beginning of June 2018, when the Edwardsville event is held, however, the two sides had reached a settlement in which the EHC recognized the trademark in return for permission to hold its own.

2020 saw the festival get cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it was held in 2021.

See also

Lists of festivals
Polish cuisine

References

External links

Tourist attractions in Lake County, Indiana
Festivals in Indiana
Food and drink festivals in the United States


Ericameria laricifolia is a North American species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae known by the common name turpentine bush, or turpentine-brush. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, southeastern California) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua).

Ericameria laricifolia grows in desert scrub and woodlands. It is a shrub reaching 50–100 cm (20-40 inches) in height, is generally hairless, somewhat glandular, and aromatic. It sometimes has naked stems at the base but the upper branches are densely foliated in needlelike, pointed leaves one to three centimeters (0.4-1.2 inches) long. The many erect branches bear inflorescences of bright golden yellow flower heads, each with up to 16 long disc florets and as many as 6 ray florets.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in New Mexico in 1851, isotype of Aplopappus laricifolius/Haplopappus laricifolius/Ericameria laricifolia

laricifolia
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of Chihuahua (state)
Flora of the California desert regions
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Plants described in 1853
Taxa named by Asa Gray


Turpentine bush may refer to:
Australian plants
Acacia lysiphloia, also known as the turpentine wattle
Beyeria lechenaultia, pale turpentine bush
Beyeria opaca, dark turpentine bush
Beyeria subtecta, Kangaroo Island turpentine bush
Eremophila clarkei
Eremophila sturtii

Other plants
Ericameria laricifolia, native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico

See also
 Scrub turpentine
 Turpentine tree


The Whistle Blower is a 1986 British spy thriller film directed by Simon Langton and starring Michael Caine, James Fox, Nigel Havers, Felicity Dean, John Gielgud, Kenneth Colley, Gordon Jackson,  David Langton, and Barry Foster. It is based on the 1984 novel of the same name by John Hale.

Plot

Frank (Caine) is a retired British naval officer, now runs a small business. His bright but naive and idealistic son, Bob (Nigel Havers), works as a linguist at GCHQ, the top secret British intelligence listening station, translating intercepted conversations from behind the Iron Curtain.

The film opens with footage of the Remembrance Day parade in Whitehall in the present (c. 1985), attended by the Queen Elizabeth II, and shows Frank in the crowd, wearing medals, then moves to Bob's flat some months earlier, when Bob tells his father of an upheaval at GCHQ, where there is evidence of a Soviet mole, and security is encouraging staff to report on each other, as the leak must be found before their American counterparts find out about it. He tells him that he's planning to leave and marry Cynthia Goodburn (Felicity Dean) who has a young daughter. Frank isn't pleased. The scene cuts to a room in British Intelligence, where Bruce (Gordon Jackson) and another are recording their conversation. Frank is warned by an old Navy chum Greig (Barry Foster), who's now with MI6, that his business could be ruined by any indiscretion on his son's part.

At their next meeting, which is being secretly monitored, Bob tells his father he is about to reveal what he knows about illegal operations conducted by his department, and after some soul-searching, contacts  investigative reporter Bill Pickett (Kenneth Colley). Shortly afterward, Frank is informed that Bob has died in a rooftop fall, perhaps suicide, but a verdict of accidental death is recorded.
Back at Bob's flat, Frank is confronted by Pickett, but refuses to comment.
In the pocket of his son's jacket is a couple of newspaper clippings — one tells how Cynthia's husband, who ostensibly committed suicide, was a colleague of the convicted spy Dodgson. The other is about the death of Kedge, Dodgson's friend, who fell under a train.

Frank has a meeting with Pickett, who is subsequently killed in an elaborately staged traffic accident. Pickett was on his way to East Grinstead, having organised a rendezvous with Bob's contact and Frank.
At Bob's funeral, Frank is approached by Bob's friend and fellow British intelligence linguist Mark.
Frank learns from Mark that it was his Navy friend Greig who quizzed him about Bob's loyalty.
Frank gets Greig drunk and extracts from him the confession that he was at Bob's flat the night of his death, but did not kill him — his job was only to leave the door open for the strongarm boys. He also reveals the name of the mole as Sir Adrian Chapple.

Leaving Greig in his drunken stupor, Frank is picked up by British Intelligence and driven to a country house, where he is confronted by Secretary to the Cabinet (David Langton) and Lord (James Fox). They explain to him that his son was out of control, and was killed to protect a plan to mislead the Americans as to the extent of the depth of Russian intelligence's operatives inside British operations, in the hope that they could continue to gain intelligence from the CIA. They have presently left Chapple in place, until they can assess the extent of the damage caused. They advise Frank that should he go public with any of this information, he or Cynthia and her daughter would be the next to suffer.

The film returns to the present, and the Remembrance Day parade. Frank fronts up to Chapple's Whitehall residence, and being mistaken for a collector for charity, is admitted inside. After being confronted with the facts, Chapple admits to spying for Russia. Frank orders him to write a full confession, which he does, but as Frank is reading it, Chapple produces a gun and demands its return. Frank grabs the gun, which goes off, killing Chapple. Leaving his signed confession,  seemingly a suicide note, Frank returns to the parade, joining the marchers.

Cast
Michael Caine - Frank Jones
James Fox - Lord
Nigel Havers - Robert Jones, only referred to as "Bob"
John Gielgud - Sir Adrian Chapple, permanent secretary, Ministry of Defence
Felicity Dean - Cynthia Goodburn
Barry Foster - Charles Greig
Gordon Jackson - Bruce
Kenneth Colley - Bill Pickett
David Langton - Secretary to the Cabinet
Dinah Stabb - Rose
James Simmons - Mark, Robert's friend and fellow linguist
Katherine Reeve - Tiffany Goodburn, Cynthia's daughter
Bill Wallis - Ramsay Charles Dodgson, convicted spy
Trevor Cooper - Inspector Bourne
Peter Miles - Stephen Kedge, friend of spy Dodgson
David Shaughnessy - Medical officer
Patrick Holt - Irate driver

Production
The film was largely shot on location in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, home of GCHQ, which forms the premise of the film. Cheltenham Racecourse, Cheltenham Spa station, Cheltenham Crematorium and the Promenade feature in the film. The London 'tube' murder scene was actually filmed on British Rail's Waterloo & City Line (which at the time did not run on Saturday afternoons or Sundays so was an accessible location for filming).

Response
Though it was given a limited release, the film opened to positive reviews. It has an approval rating of 89% on Rotten Tomatoes from 9 reviews.

Home media
The film was released in Australia on DVD (PAL) by Flashback Entertainment.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s spy thriller films
British spy thriller films
Cold War spy films
Films set in London
Films based on British novels
Films based on thriller novels
Films about whistleblowing
Films scored by John Scott (composer)
Films directed by Simon Langton
1980s English-language films
1980s British films


Tarzan's Secret Treasure is a 1941 Tarzan film directed by Richard Thorpe. Based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, it is the fifth in the MGM Tarzan series to star Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan. Original prints of the film were processed in sepiatone.

The next film in the series would be Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942), the last in the series to feature Maureen O'Sullivan, and the last before the series moved to RKO.

Synopsis
An expedition team arrives on Tarzan's escarpment. By chance, the two villainous members Medford (Tom Conway) and Vandermeer (Philip Dorn) find out that there is plenty of gold on the escarpment. They kidnap Jane and Boy in order to make Tarzan show them the location of the gold. After Tarzan complies, Medford shoots him and mistakenly presumes he is dead. Soon the group is captured by natives, whereupon Tarzan, comes to their rescue.

Cast
 Johnny Weissmuller as Tarzan
 Maureen O'Sullivan as Jane Parker
 Johnny Sheffield as Boy (as John Sheffield)
 Reginald Owen as Professor Elliott
 Barry Fitzgerald as O'Doul
 Tom Conway as Medford
 Philip Dorn as Vandermeer
 Cordell Hickman as Tumbo
 Johnny Eck as Bird (uncredited)
 Everett Brown as Native (uncredited)

References

External links

 Tarzan's Secret Treasure history at ERBzine.com

1941 films
1940s fantasy adventure films
American black-and-white films
American fantasy adventure films
American sequel films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Richard Thorpe
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Tarzan films
1940s American films


Chrysanthos Sisinis (Greek: Χρύσανθος Σισίνης, died 1845) was a Greek revolutionary leader and a politician.

He was born in Gastouni and was the son of Georgios Sisinis.  He fought at the battles of Patras, Athens, Messolongi and several other battles.  He was jailed together with his father in the civil period as an adherent of Kolokotronis. After his release, he entered politics and was elected many times as a representative for Elis.  He died in 1845.

References
Πελοποννήσιοι αγωνιστές του 1821, Νικηταρά απομνημονεύματα ("Peloponnesian Revolutionary Leaders of 1891, Nikitaras' Memoirs"), Fotakou, Vergina, Athens 1996
Ιστορία της Ελληνικής επανάστασης ("History of the Greek Revolution"), Spyridonos Trikoupis, Nea Synora-Livani Publishers, Athens 1993, SET
The first version of the article is translated and is based from the article at the Greek Wikipedia (el:Main Page)

1845 deaths
Greek military leaders of the Greek War of Independence
Politicians from Elis
Year of birth unknown
Greek prisoners and detainees
Chrysanthos
People from Gastouni


The Moldovan Ground Forces, known officially as Land Forces Command is the land armed-forces branch of the National Army of the Moldovan Armed Forces. The Moldovan Ground Forces date back to the dissolution of the Soviet Union between 1991 and 1992.  the Moldovan Ground Forces consists of around 4,000 personnel.

History

At the beginning of 1994, the Moldovan army (under the Ministry of Defense) consisted of 9,800 men organized into three motorized infantry brigades, one artillery brigade, and one reconnaissance/assault battalion. Its equipment consisted of fifty-six ballistic missile defenses; seventy-seven armored personnel carriers and sixty-seven "look-alikes;" eighteen 122 mm and fifty-three 152 mm towed artillery units; nine 120 mm combined guns/mortars; seventy AT-4 Spigot, nineteen AT-5 Spandrel, and twenty-seven AT-6 Spiral anti-tank guided weapons; a 73 mm SPG-9 recoilless launcher, forty-five MT-12 100 mm anti-tank guns; and thirty ZU-23 23 mm and twelve S-60 57 mm air defense guns. Moldova has received some arms from former Soviet stocks maintained on the territory of the republic as well as undetermined quantities of arms from Romania, particularly at the height of the fighting with Transnistria.

By 2006–2007, the Army had been reduced to a strength of 5,710, including three motor rifle brigades, one artillery brigade, and independent SF and engineer battalions, plus an independent guard unit. Equipment included 44 BMD-1 AIFV, and 266 APCs, including 91 TAB-71s, as well as 227 artillery pieces. The modern Land Forces Command was established on 25 December 2008. In 2010, the Army had been further reduced to 5,148 (3,176 professional soldiers and 1,981 conscripts) plus 2,379 paramilitary forces. The reserve force consists of 66,000 troops. Equipment included 44 BMD-1P infantry fighting vehicles, 164 APCs (100 wheeled, including 89 Romanian TAB-71Ms, and 64 tracked, BTRs and MT-LBs), 148 artillery pieces (69 towed, 9 2S9 self-propelled guns, and 11 "Urugan" multiple rocket launchers); 117 Anti-tank missiles (Soviet-built AT-4s, AT-5s, and AT-6s), 138+ recoilless guns, 36 towed antitank guns and 37 towed anti-aircraft guns (23mm and 57mm).

Structure

 Infantry Units:
 1st Motorized Infantry Brigade "Moldova" – Bălți
 2nd Motorized Infantry Brigade "Stefan Cel Mare" – Chișinău
 3rd Motorized Infantry Brigade "Dacia" – Cahul
 22nd Peacekeeping Battalion – Chișinău
 Artillery Division "Prut" – Ungheni
 Independent Engineer Battalion "Codru" – Negrești, Strășeni
 Independent Radio Regiment "Basarabia" – Durleşti, Chișinău
 Independent Special Forces Battalion "Fulger" – Durlești, Chișinău
 Independent Chemical Protection Company – Negrești, Strășeni
 Guard Battalion – Chișinău
 Ceremonial Honour Guard Company
 Guard Company
 Military Police Company
 General Staff Company
 Auto Company
 Insurance Company
 1st Independent Battalion of Peacekeepers – Cocieri, Dubăsari District
 3rd Independent Battalion of Peacekeepers – Coșnița, Dubăsari District
 Independent Infantry Company of Peacekeepers – Varnița, Anenii Noi

Gallery

Equipment

Most of the Moldovan equipment dates back to Soviet times, as expressed by Anatolie Nosatîi, the Minister of Defense. In 2023, as part of the National Army Modernization Initiative, Moldova started receiving Piranha IIIH armoured personnel carriers from Germany. Other modern equipment such as drones, laptops, surveillance radars, and explosive ordnance disposal equipment was donated by the EU, while Romania also provided helmets, bulletproof vests, and off-road vehicles.

See also
 Trupele de Carabinieri (Gendarmerie-type force of the Republic of Moldova)

References

Military of Moldova


was the third Hattori Hanzō and a retainer under the Tokugawa clan during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history. He was the eldest son of the famous Hattori Hanzō.

Masanari began to fight alongside his father by the mid 1590s, succeeding him in 1596 at age 31. Following the Battle of Sekigahara of 1600, Masanari was enlisted by Tokugawa Ieyasu as captain of the Edo Castle guards. The band of Iga placed under his command, however, rebelled in response to Masanari's treatment causing him to be utterly humiliated in the face of the Tokugawa. While tracking two members who had fled, he killed a man in what turned out to be a case of mistaken identity and was relieved of his position. In order to repair the Hattori name and his reputation, Masanari valiantly fought during the Siege of Osaka in 1614-1615 as head of 60 Iga ninja. He was cut down in the process of the second siege of Osaka, and was succeeded by his brother Hattori Masashige.

References

Samurai
Ninja
1565 births
1615 deaths
Hatamoto
Japanese warriors killed in battle


John Lisky (June 12, 1889 – January 14, 1955), better known as Johnny Buff, was an American boxer. He was World Bantamweight Champion from 1921 to 1922.

Early life
Buff was born to a family of Polish heritage on June 12, 1888, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey.  He was christened John Lisky.  He later took the ring name "Buff" as his friends where he grew up often called him "Buffalo". He enlisted in the Navy in 1911, at the age of 23, but did not become seriously involved in boxing until 1915, when he boxed for the Navy aboard the USS Rhode Island.  He served in the Navy until roughly 1919 at the end of World War I, though he would later re-enlist.

Early career

Win over Johnny Rossner
Turning pro upon his release from the Navy around 1919, he came under the tutelage of Lew Diamond.

The most important boxing victory in his early career may have been an upset win over Johnny Rossner at the Armory in Jersey City, New Jersey, in a fairly convincing eight round newspaper win on June 23, 1919. On November 24, 1919, he first met future champion Pete Herman, fighting him to an eight-round newspaper decision at the Grand Theater in Trenton, New Jersey. He defeated Tommy Gorman at the Armory in Reading, Pennsylvania, in a second-round knockout on December 16, 1919.  Gorman went down for the count after thirty seconds of fighting in the second round.  Buff led noticeably in the first round landing a flurry of blows against which Buff could not defend. The final blows ending the fight came with Gorman against the ropes.

On May 31, 1920, he knocked out Willie LaMorte in the sixth of eight rounds at the Outdoor Arena in Jersey City, New Jersey. LaMorte would later contend for the NYSAC World Flyweight Title. He first fought future champion Abe Goldstein on July 6, 1920, in New Jersey in a twelve-round, no-decision bout, where several newspapers gave him a decided edge.

Bouts with Frankie Mason
On September 27, 1920, he defeated Frankie Mason at the Olympia Athletic Club in Philadelphia in an eight-round newspaper decision. Buff took the bout with a considerable points advantage. On February 11, 1921, he defeated Mason at the Tulane Auditorium in New Orleans, Louisiana, in a fifteen-round points decision. Mason may have taken as few as two rounds in the fifteen.  In the fifth round, a bad cut was opened over Mason's left eye. In their February fight, Mason was competing in the semi-final bout of the Flyweight Champion of America

American Fly and World Bantam Titles
In 1921, Buff won both the World Bantamweight Championship and the American Flyweight Championship. He became the flyweight champion by defeating Abe Goldstein in New York City on March 31, 1921. Goldstein would hold the World Bantamweight Championship three years later. In the second round, Buff shot a hard right that landed solidly on Goldstein's chin causing the knockout. Goldstein tried to rise at the count of ten but had such difficulty in several attempts that the referee called the fight. Goldstein having to drop five to seven pounds to make the weight of 110 may have contributed to a lack of readiness for the bout.

Defenses of American Fly Title
On April 16, 1921, he defeated Young Zulu Kid, in an American Flyweight Championship bout in a fifteen-round points decision at the Broadway Arena in Brooklyn.  Buff floored the Kid for a count of nine in the first round, and battered him around the ring consistently in the fourteenth.

On May 2, 1921, Buff defended his American Flyweight Championship against Eddie O'Dowd at Madison Square Garden in a twelve-round unanimous decision. In the second round, fighting with both hands and greater speed, Buff put O'Dowd on the mat for the first time. In the last six rounds, O'Dowd took considerable punishment, and appeared to have received a broken nose in the eighth, which greatly affected his chances. O'Dowd fought the last four rounds gamely never giving up the bout, but losing on points.     Somehow in the eleventh round, O'Dowd landed three solid right hooks to Buff's jaw, but was unable to bring him to the mat. Buff won handily on points.

He defeated Charles Ledoux on August 10, 1921, in a non-title fight in the Bronx in a ten-round points decision.  The crowd did not entirely approve of the decision. Ledoux would hold the French and European EBU Featherweight Championship in 1924, and the French and European EBU Bantamweight Championship in 1922–1923, having taken both titles earlier in his career.

World Bantam Champion, Sep 1921

Six months after taking the American Flyweight Championship, on September 23, 1921, Buff won the World Bantamweight Championship by defeating Pete Herman in Madison Square Garden in a fifteen-round points decision.  Buff took ten of the fifteen rounds, with only four given to Herman and one even. By the fifteenth round, Herman was exhausted and Buff reigned blows on him without Herman putting up an effective defense. Buff was remarkable for taking a world title at the advanced age for a boxer of 32.

World Bantam Title defenses
Buff had a noteworthy defense of the World Bantamweight Title at Madison Square Garden against Jackie Sharkey on November 10, 1921, in a fifteen-round points decision.

Loss of World Bantam Title, 1922
On July 10, 1922, Buff lost the World Bantamweight Championship to Joe Lynch at the Velodrome in New York in a fourteenth-round TKO.  After six seconds of fighting in the fourteenth, Lynch having taken three strides toward Buff at the sound of the bell, delivered a left hook to the jaw that ended the fight. One source gave Lynch fourteen of the fifteen rounds, in a victory he could have easily won on points, gaining a considerable advantage by the late rounds. Buff was unable to get past the defenses of Lynch and landed comparatively fewer blows.  Lynch's three inch advantage in height and reach may have been a factor in his victory.  A few ringside felt that facing Lynch so soon after taking the bantamweight championship was poor matchmaking on the part of Buff's handlers.  In an advantageous pre-fight negotiation, Buff made $30,000 on the results of the fight, while Lynch technically made nothing due to the house receipts given to Lynch amounting to only around $20,000.

Loss of American Fly Title, Sep 1922
Buff officially lost the American Flyweight Championship on September 14, 1922, in an eleventh-round technical knockout against the great Filipino boxer Pancho Villa at Ebbets Field in New York City. Buff was down twice in the tenth and once in the eleventh.  From the fourth through the sixth, Villa showed a clear advantage and delivered considerably more blows. By the ninth, Buff was becoming groggy from the blows of his opponent.  In the tenth Villa scored two knockdowns.  In the eleventh, under a vicious attack, Buff slipped to the floor while up against the ropes and receiving a series of uppercuts.

At 115 pounds, on March 17, 1924, he defeated Benny Schwartz at the Armory in Baltimore in a twelve-round points decision. A prolific Jewish Baltimore-based boxer, by 1928 Schwartz would be rated in the top ten of bantamweights in the world.

Personal life
Lisky joined the United States Navy prior to World War I. When the war arrived, he waived the family exemption, and joined the Navy for a second time. After his professional boxing career, he enlisted for a third time in the Navy, becoming a gunner's mate on the  by 1928. In 1928, he was known as "Gunner's Mate Spike Lisky", serving aboard the .

He married Elizabeth Kolar, with whom he had three children, Jimmy, Johnny, and Theresa.

Death
Lisky died after a long illness on January 14, 1955, at the Veterans Administration Hospital in East Orange, New Jersey. He was 66 years old and had been a resident of Jersey City most of his life.

Selected fights

|-
| align="center" colspan=8|12 Wins, 2 Losses, 1 Draw
|-
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent(s)
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Duration
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-
| Win
| John Rossner
| Jun 23, 1919
| Jersey City
| 8 Rounds
| Newspaper Decision
|-
| style="background: #dae2f1"|Draw
| Pete Herman
| Nov 24, 1919
| Trenton, N. J.
| 8 Rounds
| Newspaper Decision
|-
| Win
| Abe Goldstein
| July 6, 1920
| Jersey City
| 12 Rounds
| Newspaper Decision
|-
| Win
| Frankie Mason
| Sep 27, 1920
| Philadelphia
| 8 Rounds
| Newspaper Decision
|-
| Win
| Frankie Mason
| Feb 11, 1921
| New Orleans
| 15 Rounds
| Semi-Final Amer. Fly. Title
|-
| Win
| Abe Goldstein
| Mar 31, 1921
| New York City
| 2 Rounds, TKO
| Won American Flyweight Title
|-
| Win
| Charles LeDoux
| Aug 10, 1921
| Bronx, NY
| 10 Rounds
| LeDoux was European champ
|-
| Win
| Young Zulu Kid
| Aug 16, 1921
| Brooklyn
| 20 Rounds
| Kept American Flyweight Title
|-
| Win
| Eddie O'Dowd
| May 2, 1921
| New York City
| 12 Rounds
| Kept American Flyweight Title
|-
| Win
| Pete Herman
| Sept 23, 1921
| New York
| 15 Rounds
| Won World Bantamweight Title
|-
| Win
| Jackie Sharkey
| Nov 10, 1921
| New York
| 15 Rounds
| Kept World Bantamweight Title
|-
| Loss
| Joe Lynch
| July 10, 1922
| New York
| 14 Rounds, TKO
| Lost World Bantamweight Title
|-
| Loss
| Pancho Villa
| Sep 14, 1922
| Brooklyn
| 11 Rounds, TKO
| Lost American Flyweight Title
|-
| Win
| Harry Forbes
| Jan 27, 1924
| Columbus, Ohio
| 10 Rounds
|
|-
| Win
| Benny Schwartz
| Mar 17, 1924
| Baltimore
| 12 Rounds
|

See also
List of bantamweight boxing champions

References

External links
Johnny Buff - Cyber Boxing Zone

|-

|-

1889 births
1955 deaths
Sportspeople from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Boxers from New Jersey
Bantamweight boxers
World boxing champions
World bantamweight boxing champions
American male boxers


Omentopexy is a surgical procedure whereby the greater omentum is sutured to a nearby organ. Suture to the abdominal wall is used to induce circulation away from the portal circulation into caval circulation. It may also be sutured to another organ to increase arterial circulation.

References

 The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
 The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
 Farm Animal Surgery

Digestive system surgery


Originating Depository Financial Institution or ODFI is a banking term in the United States used in connection with ACH Network (ACH). In the ACH flow, the ODFI acts as the interface between the Federal Reserve or ACH network and the originator of the transaction. The ODFI warrants to the ACH network that the transactions it transmits to the network comply with the rules.  The depository institution that is a member of ACH is usually a bank or other financial institution which is initiating a payment on behalf of its client.  This is different from check processing in which the paying bank on which the check is drawn warrants that the transaction is in compliance.

See also
Receiving Depository Financial Institution

References

Banking terms


The Crasna is a right tributary of the river Teleajen in Romania. It discharges into the Teleajen in Izvoarele. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Prahova County


Forward! is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Baen Books in 1985, and was edited by Sandra Miesel.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Galaxy Science Fiction, Other Worlds, Fantasy and Science Fiction and Orbit.

Contents

 Editor’s Introduction, by Sandra Miesel
 "Building on the Line"
 "Babes in the Wood"
 "Napoleon’s Skullcap"
 "Rescue Mission"
 "Robots are Nice?"
 "The Dreamsman"
 "The R of A"
 "One on Trial"
 "The Queer Critter"
 "Twig"
 "The Game of Five"
 "Guided Tour"

Sources

1985 short story collections
Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson