KXDR (106.7 FM, "Now 106.7") is a commercial radio station in Hamilton, Montana, broadcasting to the Missoula, Montana, area. KXDR airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format.  Both KXDR's signals started out as a simulcast of then CHR KDXT. The translators then flipped to country as the station became Eagle 93.  The translator then broke apart in summer of 1999 flipping to Adult top 40. Throughout the next ten years the station has had a CHR format meandering between an adult top 40, Rhythmic and Modern AC approach. The station has carried Ryan Seacrest's AT40 program since it premiered in January 2004. Until this year, the station also rebroadcast on a low-powered translator at 96.9 to cover areas of Missoula that cannot receive the 98.7 signal.

As of January 1, 2012, KXDR suspended its translator at 92.7 and moved its signal to 106.7. The 98.7 signal flipped to sister station KBQQ's oldies format. With the new signal at 106.7 the station now has better coverage of the Missoula valley. The station still boasts as the only Top 40 in Missoula but competes against KENR & KKVU.

On January 19, to take part in the growing market for FM sports talk, Cherry Creek Radio put a simulcast of K-GRIZ sports talk 1450 giving Missoula its first FM Sports talk station.

On November 4, 2016 KXDR rebranded as "Now 106.7".

Effective June 17, 2022, Cherry Creek Radio sold KXDR and 62 other stations and translators to Townsquare Media for $18.75 million. Townsquare simultaneously flipped KXDR and three other stations to Anderson Radio Broadcasting, Inc. for $150,000.

References

External links
KXDR Official Website

XDR
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Montana


The Bracken School Readiness Assessment ("BSRA") is an individual concept knowledge test designed for children, pre-K through second grade.

The BSRA was developed by Bruce A. Bracken and first published in 2002 by The Psychological Corporation. Raw scores can be converted to percentile rank scores and standard scores. The publisher has supporting guides for converting standard scores into criterion categories (e.g. "advanced" or "delayed"). Reliability measures were within expected ranges given the age of the students. Validity was assessed using other published assessments (e.g. WPPSI-R, DAS). The BSRA Spanish Edition was developed, normed, and validated independently. The BSRA can be used with children as young as 2.6 years of age. The BSRA is composed of the first six subtests from the revised Bracken Basic Concepts Scale (BBCS-R).

Skills tested
The test assesses six basic skills:
Colors  Student must identify common colors by name.
Letters  Students must identify upper-case and lower-case letters.
Numbers | Counting  Student must identify single- and double-digit numerals, and must count objects.
Sizes  Student must demonstrate knowledge of words used to depict size (e.g., tall, wide, etc.)
Comparisons  Student must match or differentiate objects based on a specific characteristic.
Shapes  Student must identify basic shapes by name.

Notes

References
Pearson Group

Further reading

External links

 Sage Publications:  Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment
 Bruce A. Bracken, PhD

Standardized tests
Cognitive tests
Intelligence tests


The early/initial visible roots of hip hop in Cuba are believed to have emerged through break dance competitions or battles that were seen on the streets of Cuba. The continuous repetition of break dance battles were one of the strong channels or pioneers of the hip hop culture in Cuba.  Some sources state that hip hop in Cuba strongly emerged in the early nineties as a way out due to the termination of the numerous subsidies that were received by the country through the Soviet. All the above-mentioned pertaining to Cuban hip hop is vital - however, none of it would have been successful without the presence of one of the two Cuban Institutions, namely Asociacion Hermanos Saiz and Agencia Cubana de Rap (Cuban Rap Agency). Asociacion Hermanos Saiz and the latter are the two initial Institutions that were funded by the Cuban Government with the major motive of promoting Rap/hip hop in Cuba more.

See also
Cuban Rap Agency

References

Further reading
 "The Association Hermanos Saiz: 22 years offering culture". Radio Rebelde. Accessed December 2013.
 "Hermanos Saiz Association: 25 years young creation in Cuba". Radio Cadena Agramonte. Accessed December 2013.
 "Young art grows". Radio Rebelde. Accessed December 2013.
 "Hermanos Saiz Association in Camagüey provides ample summer cultural program". Radio Santa Cruz. Accessed December 2013.
 Havana Beyond the Ruins: Cultural Mappings After 1989. p. 245. Accessed December 2013.
 Last Dance in Havana. p. 134. Accessed December 2013.

Music organizations based in Cuba
Cuban hip hop


Tibetan cheese is a food staple in Tibetan cuisine.  Tibetan cheeses include soft cheese curds resembling cottage cheese made from buttermilk called chura loenpa (or ser). Hard cheese is called chura kampo. Extra hard cheese, made from solidified yogurt, is called chhurpi, and is also found in Sikkim and Nepal. Another type of cheese called shosha or churul, with a flavor said to resemble Limburger, is made from cream and the skin of milk.

See also
 List of Tibetan dishes
 List of cheeses

References

Tibetan cuisine


The Elk River is a short river rising in the eastern portion of the Alberta foothills.  The river begins south of the ghost town of Coalspur and heads east before draining into the Brazeau Reservoir created by the Brazeau Dam on the Brazeau River, a tributary of the North Saskatchewan River.

The river follows the Elk River Road for much of its course.  The Elk River Provincial Recreation Area is also located on the river.

Physical characteristics
Alberta Environment, a Ministry of the Government of Alberta, undertook a survey of the Elk River in the 1980s. The following data was generated from the survey:

Reach number 1
Terrain Surrounding Valley: Rolling hills, ground moraine
Valley characteristics
Description: Wide, stream cut valley
Terraces: 2 fragmentary levels
Valley Flat
Width: 750 m
Description: Broad alluvial floodplain occasionally marked by oxbow cutoffs
River Channel
Pattern: Irregular meanders
Islands: None
Bar type: Point bars
Bed material: Sand with local gravel
Bank material: Sand and gravel overlain by silt

Reach number 2
Terrain surrounding valley: Rolling hills, ground moraine
Valley characteristics
Description: Broad glacial spillway channel now occupied by a smaller underfit stream
Terraces: None
Valley flat
Width: 500 m
Description: Broad alluvial floodplain marked by numerous cutoffs
River channel
Pattern: Irregular to tortuous meanders
Islands: None
Bar type: Point bars
Bed material: Sand with local gravel
Bank material: Sand and gravel overlain by silt, occasional till where channel is confined

Reach number 3
Terrain surrounding valley: Rolling hills, fluted ground moraine
Valley characteristics
Description: Wide, stream cut valley
Terraces: None
Valley flat
Width: 400 m
Description: Alluvial valley marked by oxbow cutoffs
River channel
Pattern: Irregular meanders
Islands: None
Bar type: Point bars, side bars
Bed material: Sand with local gravel
Bank material: Sand, gravel, and till

Reach number 4
Terrain surrounding valley: Fluted ground moraine, some outwash
Valley characteristics
Description: Narrow stream cut valley
Terraces: None
Valley flat
Width: >100 m
Description: Highly variable
River channel
Pattern: Irregular
Islands: None
Bar type: Point bars, side bars
Bed material: Sand with local gravel
Bank material: Sand, gravel, and till

Reach number 5
Terrain surrounding valley: Rolling hills, ground moraine
Valley characteristics
Description: Narrow stream cut valley
Terraces: None
Valley flat
Width: >100 m
Description: Fragmentary
River channel
Pattern: Irregular to sinuous
Islands: None
Bar type: Side bars
Bed material: Gravel
Bank material: Gravel, outwash, and till

Reach number 6
Terrain surrounding valley: Rolling upland, ground moraine
Valley characteristics
Description: Wide, stream cut valley
Terraces: None
Valley flat
Width: 400 m
Description: Wide alluvial flat marked by oxbow cutoffs
River channel
Pattern: Tortuous meanders
Islands: None
Bar type: Point bars
Bed material: Sand
Bank material: Sand overlain by silt

References

See also
 List of Alberta rivers

Rivers of Alberta


Keith William Nolan (May 7, 1964 – February 19, 2009) was an American military historian, focusing on the various campaigns of the Vietnam War. He was born in Webster Groves, Missouri, and lived in southeastern Missouri as well as in the St. Louis suburbs for the entirety of his life. Nolan’s father was the son of Irish immigrants and became a junior college history instructor who after was serving also serving his country as a Marine. His mother is of Swedish descent and worked as a dedicated dental assistant for many years. As a child, Nolan was deeply affected by the visions of war that he would see on the nightly news as he grew into a young man; he would later say that these images are what sparked his interest in writing about the Vietnam conflict. His first book was published when Nolan was only 19 years of age. Mr. Nolan obtained a history degree from Webster University in Webster Groves, Missouri . Nolan was in seemingly good health and working on his twelfth manuscript (published posthumously) in 2007 when a routine office visit to his general practitioner revealed a large, late-stage tumor in his lung. Despite intensive treatments, Keith William Nolan died of lung cancer in February 2009 at the home of his fiancé in Wentzville, Missouri, at the age of 44. He left behind a young daughter and many loved ones, as well as a tight-knit community of Vietnam War-era veterans whose stories he wrote about in his books.

Bibliography

House to House:Playing the Enemy's Game in Saigon,
Ripcord: Screaming Eagles Under Siege, Vietnam 1970,
Battle for Saigon: Tet 1968,
Sappers In The Wire (Texas A&M University Military History Series),
A Hundred Miles of Bad Road (Dwight Birdwell, coauthor),
The Magnificent Bastards: The Joint Army-Marine Defense of Dong Ha, 1968 ,
Operation Buffalo: USMC Fight for the DMZ,
Into Cambodia, 1970: Spring Campaign, Summer Offensive,
Into Laos: The Story of Dewey Canyon II/Lam Son 719, Vietnam 1971,
Death Valley: The Summer Offensive, I Corps, August 1969,
Battle for Hue: Tet 1968,
The Battle for Saigon: Tet 1968,
Search and Destroy: The Story of an Armored Cavalry Squadron in Vietnam,

References

1964 births
2009 deaths
People from Webster Groves, Missouri
Historians of the Vietnam War
Writers from Missouri
Webster University alumni
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers


Surjit Patar (born Surjit Hunjan) is a Punjabi language writer and poet of Punjab, India. His poems enjoy immense popularity with the general public and have won high acclaim from critics.

Biography

Patar hails from village Pattar () Kalan in Jalandhar district from where he got his surname. He graduated from Randhir College, Kapurthala and then went on to get a Master's degree from Punjabi University, Patiala and then a PhD in Literature on "Transformation of Folklore in Guru Nanak Vani" from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. He then joined the academic profession and retired as Professor of Punjabi from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. He started writing poetry in mid-sixties. Among his works of poetry are "Hawa ਵਿਚ Likhe Harf" (Words written in the Air), Birkh Arz Kare (Thus Spake the Tree), Hanere Vich Sulagdi Varnmala (Words Smouldering in the Dark), Lafzaan Di Dargah (Shrine of Words), Patjhar Di Pazeb (Anklet of Autumn) and Surzameen (Music Land).

He has translated into Punjabi the three tragedies of Federico García Lorca, the play Nagmandala of Girish Karnad, and poems of Bertolt Brecht and Pablo Neruda. He has also adapted plays from Jean Giradoux, Euripides and Racine. He has written tele-scripts on Punjabi poets from Sheikh Farid to Shiv Kumar Batalvi.

He is the president of Punjab Arts Council, Chandigarh. In the past, he has held the office of the President, Punjabi Sahit Akademi, Ludhiana. He was awarded Padma Shri in 2012.

Well known poems
"Candles", "Hanere Vich Sulagdi Varanmala", "Aiya Nand Kishore", "Hanera Jarega Kiven", "Fasla", "Koi Daalia Cho Langeya Hawa Bann Ke" and others.

Filmography
Surjit Patar has written dialogues of the Punjabi movie Shaheed Uddham Singh and Videsh, the Punjabi version of Deepa Mehta's movie Heaven on Earth.

Awards

 1979: Punjab Sahitya Akademi Award
 1993: Sahitya Akademi Award for Hanere Vich Sulghdi Varnmala
 1999: Panchnad Puruskar by Bhartiya Bhasha Parishad, Kolkata
 1999: Bhartiya Bhasha Prishad, Kolkata
 2007–2008: Anad Kav Sanman
 2009: Saraswati Samman by K.K.Birla foundation.
 2009: Gangadhar National Award for Poetry, Sambalpur University, Orissa
 2012: Padma Shri Award in the field of Literature and Education (fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India)
 2014: Kusumagraj Literary Award

See also
Vir Singh (writer)
Prof. Puran Singh (writer)
Ajit Cour

References

External links

1945 births
Living people
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Punjabi
Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award
Guru Nanak Dev University alumni
Indian male screenwriters
20th-century Indian translators
Academic staff of Punjab Agricultural University
Punjabi-language poets
Punjabi University alumni
Punjabi people
Translators from German
Translators from Spanish
Translators to Punjabi
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Punjab, India
Screenwriters from Punjab, India
21st-century Indian translators
21st-century Indian poets
Punjabi screenwriters
20th-century Indian male writers
21st-century Indian male writers


Kelly Kenny Wiltshire (born June 28, 1972) is a former linebacker who played ten seasons in the Canadian Football League from 1997 to 2006 for four teams.  He was a CFL Eastern All-Star twice.

During his playing career, Wiltshire set the CFL record for most consecutive games played in the regular season with 157. His ironman streak ended on September 30, 2005 when he was unable to play in a game for the Edmonton Eskimos against the Calgary Stampeders due to an injury.

As of 2010, Wiltshire is an officer with the Ontario Provincial Police.

References

External links
Career Bio

1972 births
Living people
Canadian football linebackers
Edmonton Elks players
James Madison Dukes football players
Montreal Alouettes players
Ontario Provincial Police officers
Ottawa Renegades players
Players of Canadian football from Quebec
Canadian football people from Montreal
Toronto Argonauts players
Anglophone Quebec people


Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway's Class L-2 was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives.

References

L-2
4-4-0 locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1881


KGGL (93.3 FM, "Eagle 93.3") is a commercial radio station in Missoula, Montana, airing a country music format. It is owned by Townsquare Media.

History

KDXT
On October 15, 1975, Rex Jensen filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit to build a new radio station on 93.3 MHz in Missoula, with transmitter on Big Sky Mountain. The permit was granted on May 25, 1976, with the commission dismissing complaints by several other Missoula broadcasters that the new facility would cause interference to their operations. While the station was intended to launch that fall, equipment delivery and bad weather in the eastern United States prompted the project to be shelved for the winter; KDXT made its debut on April 29, 1977. Having been transferred to the Jensen Broadcasting Company (owned by Rex and his brother Jack), the station started with an automated rock/adult contemporary hybrid format.

The Jensens sold the station in February 1979 to a joint venture with Robert E. Ingstad of North Dakota, who became the sole owner in 1980 before KDXT and sister station KGRZ (1450 AM) were sold to Wind Point 1970 Holding Company, which was owned by the S.C. Johnson Company, in 1982. The two stations were then sold to Sunbrook Communications in 1986; during this time, the station dominated the Missoula radio market.

KGGL
Sunbrook sold its radio properties—ten in Montana and a pair in Wenatchee, Washington—to Seattle-based Fisher Broadcasting in 1994, with Sunbrook becoming a division of Fisher after the sale was completed. With the contemporary hit format long associated with KDXT in a national slump, Fisher opted to make a major change. It flipped KGGL to country, taking on established country outlet KYSS, in September 1995. This left Missoula without a station in the contemporary hit radio format. The format change was a successful one: the fall 2005 Eastlan radio ratings for Missoula showed KGGL tied with public radio station KUFM and beating third-place KYSS.

In a 24-station sale that was only partially completed, Fisher sold many of its small-market radio properties to Cherry Creek Radio in 2006 in order to fund an expansion into Spanish-language television in major Pacific Northwest markets. The 24 stations contributed just one-fourth of the radio division's revenue, with Fisher's three Seattle stations comprising the rest.

Effective June 17, 2022, Cherry Creek Radio sold KGGL as part of a 42 station/21 translator package to Townsquare Media for $18.75 million.

References

External links
Official Website

Radio stations established in 1977
Country radio stations in the United States
GGL
1977 establishments in Montana
Townsquare Media radio stations


The Terence V. Powderly House is a historic house at 614 North Main Avenue in Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States. It was the home of Terence V. Powderly (1849-1924) from his early life until 1921. During this time he led the Knights of Labor, an early but unsuccessful attempt to establish a broad-based labor union.  He also served as mayor of Scranton for several terms.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. It has remained a private residence and is not open to the public.

Description and history
The Terence V. Powderly House stands on the east side of North Main Avenue.  It is a two-story wood-frame structure, built as a single-family residence in a vernacular Victorian style, with a cross-gabled roof on a busy street in a residential neighborhood in an area slightly west of downtown Scranton, looking towards it over the Lackawanna River. The house has one architecturally noteworthy feature, a glass anteentrance to keep out cold weather, not common at that time.  Since Powderly's death the house has gone through other owners but has not been substantially altered, other than the conversion of the second floor to an apartment and the addition of a picture window to that unit.

Terence Powderly was a union man from a young age, apprenticing as a machinist.  He joined the Machinist and Blacksmiths Union in 1871, and rapidly rose to become its president.  As such, he was among the first to lose is job during the economic downturn of the Panic of 1873.  Powderly broadened his organizing base, and became a leading figure in the secretive Knights of Labor, which arose in the early 1880s to become one of the largest labor unions of the period.  Powderly emphasized non-violent means to gain improvements in working conditions and pay, and the union was also socially progressive for the period, admitting both women and African Americans.  In 1886 it effectively collapsed after Powderly refused to support an eight-hour workday, and opposed the more confrontational tactics of one of his ultimately more successful rivals, Samuel Gompers.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Scranton, Pennsylvania
Houses in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania


The Albatross Island, part of the Hunter Island Group, is an  island and nature reserve located in Bass Strait, that lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island, Australia. The Peerapper name for the island is Tangatema.

The island is part of the Albatross Island and Black Pyramid Rock Important Bird Area that is notable for its breeding colony of 5,000 pairs of shy albatross, some 40% of the world population of the species.

Fauna
Apart from shy albatross, breeding seabirds and shorebirds include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, fairy prion, Pacific gull, silver gull and sooty oystercatcher.  A pair of white-bellied sea eagles usually nests there annually.  The island is visited regularly by Australian fur seals and New Zealand fur seals.  Reptiles include the metallic skink and Tasmanian tree skink.

See also

 List of islands of Tasmania

References

Islands of North West Tasmania
Protected areas of Tasmania
Bass Strait
Seabird colonies
Important Bird Areas of Tasmania


This article lists the main rivers
which flow in Tamil Nadu.  Out of the below rivers, Kaveri, Thenpennai, Palar,  are the three largest rivers of Tamil Nadu followed by Vaigai River, Noyyal River, Cheyyar River, Then Pennai, Vellar River (Northern Tamil Nadu), Vellar River (Southern Tamil Nadu), Moyar River, Pampar River, Bhavani River, Thamirabarani River, Vaippar River are the major rivers in Tamil Nadu. (Listed in the order of longest rivers first).
Sarabanga nadhi ( Idappadi)
Nallaru ( Aninasi )
Kausika nadhi ( Periyanaickan palayam)

A
 Adyar River
 Amaravati River
 Ambuliyar River
 Agniyar River
 Arasalar River
 Agaram Aru
 Arjuna River
 Ayyanarkovil River
 Adappar River
 Arani River
 Agniar River - Tirupur

B
 Bhavani River
 Bambar River

C
 Chittar
 Coonoor
 Cooum
 Cheyyar

G
 Gadilam River
 Gingee River
 Gomukhi River
 Goddar River
 Gadananathi River
 Guduvaiyar River
 Gundar River

H
 Hanumannathi River
 Harichandra River

J
 Jambunathi River

K
 Kallar River
 Kamandala River
 Kaveri River
 Kedilam River
 Kollidam River
 Kodaganar River
 Komugi River
 Kaundinya River
 Kowsika River
 Kudamurutti River
 Kundha River
 Kottagudi River
 Karipottan River
 Kottagudi River
 Karuppanathi River
 Karunaiyar River
 Kottamalaiyaru River
 Kothaiyaru River
 Kowsika River
 Kundar River
 Kaattar River
 Kosasthalaiyar River
 Kousika River
 Kodayar River
 Korai River

M
 Malattar River
 Manimuthar River (tributary of Thamirabarani)
 Manimuthar River (tributary of Vellar)
 Thirumanimuthar River (tributary of Kaveri)
 Manimuthar River (tributary of Pambar)
 Mayura River
 Moyar River
 Mudikondan River
 Markanda River
 Mundhal Odai River
 Mottaiyar River
 Mullaiyar River
 Manjalaru
 Marudaiyaru River (Ariyalur)

N
 Noyyal River
 Naganathi River
 Nanganjiyar river
 Nandalar River
 Nattar River
 Nallar River

O
 Odampokki River

P
 Pazhayar River
 Pachaiyar River
 Pambar River (Northern Tamil Nadu)
 Pambar River (Southern Tamil Nadu)
 Pahrali River
 Palar River
 Parambikulam River
 Ponnaiyar River
 Pykara River
 Pandavaiar River
 Pamaniyar River

R
 Rajasingiyaru River
 Ramanathi River

S
 Samriti Shanmuganadhi River
 Sigur River
 Siruvani River
 South Pennar River
 Suvetha River
 Sarabanga River
 Sarugani River
 Santhana varthini River

T
 Thamirabarani River
 Thenpennai River
 Tondiar River
 Thirumalairajan River
 Thennar River
 Thirumanimutharu River
 Thennar River

U
 Uppar River
 Upper Gundar River

V
 Vaigai River
 Vaippar River
 Vanniyar River
 Vennaaru River
 Varaganathi River
 Vashista River
 Veera Chozhan river
 Vellar River (Northern Tamil Nadu)
 Vellar River (Southern Tamil Nadu)
 Vedamaliyaru River
 Vettar River
 Vennar River
 Valavaikkal River
 Vari River
 Vembar River
 Vellanguruchi River

See also
 List of Lakes in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu


Thomas Kinney (March 3, 1868 – May 15, 1912), nicknamed "Snake", was a Missouri state senator and organized crime figure in St. Louis in the early 20th century. He was one of the founding members of the infamous Egan's Rats gang.

The Irish-American Thomas "Snake" Kinney was born and raised in St. Louis's "Kerry Patch" neighborhood. He and his brothers, Michael and William, worked as newsboys during the late 19th century. Tom would always snatch the biggest bundle of papers for himself in the morning, but always square accounts with his victim at the end of the day. One newsboy who had been victimized by Kinney complained to a local beat cop, who exclaimed, "That little Kinney sneaked the papers!" The policeman spoke with a thick Irish brogue, so "sneaked" came out sounding like "snaked", hence Kinney's nickname.

Despite his slender build, Kinney was known as a tough street fighter. He and his family lived on Collins Street, across from the Egan family. Thomas Egan, six years younger than Tom, grew to be his best friend. In the late 1880s, Snake Kinney was a neighborhood pool hustler and all-around crook when he entertained the idea for running for office. Kinney was elected to the St. Louis city Democratic City Committee in 1890. Kinney's friends, a street gang headed by Tom Egan, ensured many of Democratic votes at election time for their friend. By 1894, Snake Kinney ran a saloon at Second and Carr, which served as a headquarters for the "Ashley Street Gang", soon to be known as the Egan's Rats.

Kinney and his thugs specialized in armed robbery, burglary, and extortion. Snake's biggest early rival was George "Baldy" Higgins, an alcoholic sadist who was jealous of Snake's success. Kinney killed Higgins in a street fight in the early morning hours of September 20, 1896. Snake was acquitted on a charge of self-defense. Kinney eventually married Tom Egan's sister Catherine, with whom he had a daughter named Florence.

By 1901, Snake Kinney and his crew, now one of the most powerful gangs in the city, had formed an alliance with St. Louis Police Board Head Harry Hawes, forming a powerful combine against rival gang leaders, including John "Bad Jack" Williams, John "Cuddy Mack" McGillicuddy, and John "Baldy" Ryan. While Snake Kinney was a personable and able legislator, he always retained his street sense and temper. On February 19, 1904, he was charged with verbally abusing and shooting a black lounge singer named Walter Sloan. After this incident, Tom Egan took over the street gang, which soon became known as the Egan's Rats.

In November 1904, Tom Kinney was elected to the Missouri state senate, representing his St. Louis district. Kinney was able to turn out a staggering number of votes at the polls for the candidates of his choosing, due to the muscle of the Egan gang. Kinney, despite his gangster roots, was known for creating landmark Missouri legislation curtailing child labor and limiting women to working only eight-hour days. He also formed an alliance with Louis Lemp, a St. Louis brewing magnate who proved a valuable ally for the senator.

Tom Kinney was defeated in November 1910 for a U.S. Congress seat, and soon after was diagnosed with tuberculosis, from which he died of on May 15, 1912. Kinney's brother-in-law Tom Egan suspected his 1910 defeat was the result of a double-crossing political ally named Michael Gill, who betrayed Snake to advance his own ambitions. Egan and his goons complied such a large tally for Gill's opponent in the 1912 election, the congressman was speechless upon his defeat.

The gang that Snake Kinney helped found endured as the most powerful St. Louis criminal organization until the early 1920s.

References

1868 births
1912 deaths
Missouri state senators
Politicians from St. Louis
American crime bosses
American gangsters of Irish descent
American gangsters
19th-century American politicians
Gangsters from St. Louis


Ernest T. Jones (born January 18, 1970) is an American football coach.  He was briefly running backs coach for the University of Connecticut Huskies football team.  He was head football coach at Alcorn State University. He was named the head football coach after the 2007 season and served as head coach in 2008.  He was controversially fired from this position in December 2008.  He returned to the University of Cincinnati as the Director of Player Services in 2009.  For the 2010 he will be an assistant coach at the University at Buffalo under former University of Cincinnati assistant coach and now UB head football Coach Jeff Quinn.

Jones is an alumnus of Alcorn State and a former wide receiver on the Braves' football team.  Prior to receiving the head coach position, Jones served as an assistant at Concordia University, Kentucky State University, Oberlin College, Central Michigan University and the University of Cincinnati.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Morgan State profile

1970 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Alcorn State Braves football coaches
Alcorn State Braves football players
Buffalo Bulls football coaches
Central Michigan Chippewas football coaches
Cincinnati Bearcats football coaches
Concordia Golden Bears football coaches
UConn Huskies football coaches
Kentucky State Thorobreds football coaches
Morgan State Bears football coaches
Oberlin Yeomen football coaches
Players of American football from Flint, Michigan
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople


Albatross Island may refer to:
 Albatross Island (South Georgia)
 Albatross Island (Tasmania)
 Albatross Island (St. Brandon), in the St. Brandon archipelago, in the outer islands of Mauritius
 Albatross Island, an islet just south of Thistle Island in South Australia
 Albatross Island, one of the Penguin Islands off the Namibian coast
 Île Albatross, near Savanne, southern Mauritius
 The former name of West Point Island, Falkland Islands


USS Shelby (APA-105) was a Windsor-class attack transport that served with the US Navy during World War II. She was commissioned late in the war and initially assigned to transport duties; consequently she did not take part in any combat operations.

Shelby was named after counties in nine US states. She was laid down on 13 June 1944 under Maritime Commission contract by the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched on 25 October 1944; and commissioned on 20 January 1945.

World War II
Shelby underwent shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, and then reported to Davisville, Rhode Island, to embark 1,356 Seabees. Sailing on 24 February, she delivered the men to Pearl Harbor on 17 March.

Invasion of Okinawa

At Pearl, she loaded combat medical supplies and 1,383 troops, and sailed on 7 April. Stopping at Eniwetok from 15 to 23 April and at Ulithi from 27 to 29 April, Shelby arrived at Okinawa and disembarked her troops on 3 and 4 May.

The ships there underwent frequent air attacks, and, on 4 May, a kamikaze aircraft passed over Shelby and crashed into the light cruiser  anchored nearby. The same day, Shelby began receiving casualties from the beach, although cargo unloading continued until 6 May. On 8 May, she got underway with 166 wounded servicemen on board, whom she disembarked at Saipan on 12 May before returning to San Francisco on 28 May.

On 13 June, Shelby sailed from San Francisco with troops and cargo for Manila, where she arrived on 8 July after stops at Eniwetok and Ulithi. She then returned, via the same route, to San Francisco on 5 August; and, after 10 days repairs, moved to San Diego to load more cargo and passengers.

After hostilities
Sailing on 20 August, Shelby arrived at Pearl Harbor on 26 August and sailed from there on 1 September with troops and equipment for the occupation of Japan. The transport entered Sasebo, Japan, on 22 September; and, after disembarking her troops, departed on the 25 September to pick up additional occupation forces in the Philippines. She embarked these in Lingayen Gulf between 3 and 5 October and delivered them at Sasebo on 14 October.

Operation Magic Carpet

Embarking some marine units there, she sailed from Sasebo on 21 October and arrived at Saipan on 6 November. At Saipan, Shelby reported for duty with Operation Magic Carpet, and she sailed on 7 November loaded with homeward-bound servicemen. Disembarking these at Los Angeles on 21 November, she underwent repairs before sailing from San Pedro on 13 December on her second "Magic Carpet" run.

She embarked troops at Manila between 2 and 4 January 1946, and returned them to Seattle on 23 January. A month later, she sailed for the east coast, arriving at Norfolk, Virginia on 14 March for inactivation.

Decommission
Shelby was decommissioned on 14 May 1946, delivered to the War Shipping Administration on the 16 May and struck from the Navy List on 5 June 1946.

Service stars
Shelby received one battle star for her World War II service.

Commercial service
Shelby was sold to American Export Lines in 1948, which renamed her Exeter. She was sold again on 24 September 1965, renamed Oriental Pearl, and re-flagged in Liberia. She was scrapped in 1974.

References

External links

APA-105 Shelby, Navsource Online.

Windsor-class attack transports
Type C3-S-A3 ships of the United States Navy
Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1944 ships
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105
USS Shelby APA-105


The Chester Harding House is an historic building located at 16 Beacon Street in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, across from the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its association with the noted portraitist Chester Harding, whose home it was from 1826 to 1830.  The building has since 1963 been home to the Boston Bar Association.

History
The four-story town house was built in the Federal architectural style as a private home by real estate developer Thomas Fletcher in 1808, at a time when Park Street and Beacon Street were lined by run-down public buildings.  State officials decided to build replacements in other parts of the city, financing the construction of the new public buildings from the sale of the Park Street lots.

In 1826, the famous American portrait painter Chester Harding bought the house, which he occupied until 1830.

According to the Lawyers Pictorial Register, published by the Boston Bar Association  in 1981, in the middle of the 19th century, the building was bought by Dr. Henry C. Angell, an art collector.  As the neighborhood began to change from residential to commercial, many old houses were torn down and replaced by larger buildings which dwarfed the Chester Harding House.  One such building is the 1884 six-floor Claflin Building.  In 1919, the house was given  by Martha B. Angell to the American Unitarian Association, which housed offices there until 1933.  The American Unitarian Association loaned the house to Universalist Church of America until 1961, when the two merged.  In January, 1962, the Boston Bar Association bought the house and moved its headquarters there from 35 Court Street.  The Chester Harding House remains home to the Boston Bar Association.

As commemorated on a plaque hanging on the left-hand side of the building, the Chester Harding House was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1965.

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
 National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts

References

National Historic Landmarks in Boston
Houses completed in 1808
Houses in Boston
Beacon Hill, Boston
Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
1808 establishments in Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Boston


Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway's Class L-3 was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives.

References

L-3
4-4-0 locomotives
Cooke locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1886
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States


Maurice Princet (1875 – October 23, 1973) was a French mathematician and actuary who played a role in the birth of cubism. He was an associate of Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Jean Metzinger, and Marcel Duchamp. He is known as "le mathématicien du cubisme" ("the mathematician of cubism").

Princet is credited with introducing the work of Henri Poincaré and the concept of the "fourth dimension" to the cubists at the Bateau-Lavoir. Princet brought to Picasso's attention a 1903 book by Esprit Jouffret, Traité élémentaire de géométrie à quatre dimensions (Elementary Treatise on the Geometry of Four Dimensions), a popularization of Poincaré's Science and Hypothesis in which Jouffret described hypercubes and other complex polyhedra in four dimensions and projected them onto the two-dimensional page. Picasso's sketchbooks for Les Demoiselles d'Avignon illustrate Jouffret's influence on the artist's work.

In 1907, Princet's wife left him for André Derain, and he drifted away from the circle of artists at the Bateau-Lavoir. But Princet remained close to Metzinger and participated in meetings of the Section d'Or in Puteaux. He gave informal lectures to the group, many of whom were passionate about mathematical order.

Princet's influence on the cubists was attested to by his contemporaries. Maurice de Vlaminck wrote, "I witnessed the birth of cubism, its growth, its decline. Picasso was the obstetrician, Guillaume Apollinaire the midwife, Princet the godfather."

In 1910, Metzinger said of him, "[Picasso] lays out a free, mobile perspective, from which that ingenious mathematician Maurice Princet has deduced a whole geometry". Later, Metzinger wrote in his memoirs that:
Maurice Princet joined us often. Although quite young, thanks to his knowledge of mathematics he had an important job in an insurance company. But, beyond his profession, it was as an artist that he conceptualized mathematics, as an aesthetician that he invoked n-dimensional continuums. He loved to get the artists interested in the new views on space that had been opened up by Schlegel and some others. He succeeded at that.

Louis Vauxcelles sarcastically dubbed Princet "the father of cubism":
M. Princet has studied at length non-Euclidean geometry and the theorems of Riemann, of which Gleizes and Metzinger speak rather carelessly. Now then, M. Princet one day met M. Max Jacob and confided him one or two of his discoveries relating to the fourth dimension. M. Jacob informed the ingenious M. Picasso of it, and M. Picasso saw there a possibility of new ornamental schemes. M. Picasso explained his intentions to M. Apollinaire, who hastened to write them up in formularies and codify them. The thing spread and propagated. Cubism, the child of M. Princet, was born.

Duchamp told Pierre Cabanne, "We weren't mathematicians at all, but we really did believe in Princet".

See also
 Mathematics and art
 Actuary

Notes

Further reading

French actuaries
Cubism
French art
French mathematicians
1875 births
1973 deaths


Eau Gallie River is a  river in Eau Gallie, Florida, United States. It is a tributary of the Indian River, with its mouth near Hawthorne Point.

History
The Eau Gallie River was formerly named Elbow Creek.  Currently, Elbow Creek is a branch and tributary of the Eau Gallie River.  In 1895, a bridge was built across the Eau Gallie River.  In 1907, the Eau Gallie Yacht Club was formed as yachting became highly popular in the area.  In 1910, the Eau Gallie Yacht Club built a clubhouse along the Eau Gallie River and remained at that location until 1960.

In 2011, residents and people using the river complained that sediment was preventing navigation by small boats. The  of sediment was caused from nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers, as well as clay deposits. This sediment has killed life in the river. The Melbourne Orlando International Airport also drains into the river. A study estimates it would cost from $17.9 to $24.7 million to dredge the river. The priority for this was low.

In 2015, the ability to clean up estuaries was improved by the county taxpayers approving a half-cent sales tax. As a result, the county planned on removing  equivalent to 42,000 dump trucks worth of muck from the river, as well as from its tributary, Elbow Creek. Included in the removal is  of nitrogen and  of phosphorus.

See also
Ballard Park (Melbourne, Florida)
Eau Gallie, Florida
Indian River (Florida)

References

Eau Gallie, Florida
Rivers of Florida
Rivers of Brevard County, Florida
Tributaries of the Indian River (Florida)


KYSS-FM (94.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Missoula, Montana, airing a country music format. The station is also one of two Country outlets in Missoula competing for listeners, the other being KGGL. Despite the "KISS" sounding call letters and it having once been owned by Clear Channel Communications, it has no relation to the Top 40 branding. It also shares the same Buck Owens-trademarked red, white & blue guitar logo as KNIX-FM/Phoenix, Arizona.

History

KYSS-FM came to air May 11, 1969. It was owned by the Garden City Broadcasting Corporation alongside KYSS (930 AM, now KMPT) and broadcast a beautiful music format on 100.1 MHz. In 1973, the FCC approved a major power increase for KYSS to 100,000 watts at 94.9 FM. The format changed to country, which it currently airs today.

In October 2007, a deal was reached for KYSS to be acquired by GAP Broadcasting II LLC (Samuel Weller, president) from Clear Channel Communications as part of a 57 station deal with a total reported sale price of $74.78 million. What eventually became GapWest Broadcasting was folded into Townsquare Media on August 13, 2010.

References

External links
Official Website
Flash Stream, MP3 Stream

FCC History Cards for KYSS-FM

Country radio stations in the United States
YSS-FM
Radio stations established in 1969
Townsquare Media radio stations


Joseph Jacob Simmons Jr. (January 17, 1901 – March 24, 1981) was a prominent African-American oilman. He "rose above humble beginnings to become the most successful and most recognizable black entrepreneur in the history of the petroleum industry."
As an internationally known oil broker he partnered with Phillips Petroleum Company and Signal Oil and Gas Company to open up African oil fields in Liberia, Nigeria and Ghana.
In 1969, he became the first black person to be appointed to the National Petroleum Council.

Early life
Born in what later became Haskell, Oklahoma, Simmons was the ninth of ten children. His great-grandfather had been a slave of the Creek Indian tribe, and later became a chief as well as a leader for many of the freed Creek slaves. Simmons' father owned a  ranch in the Haskell area. As a child, Simmons repaired fences and worked cattle. At the age of 10, he told his father, "I want to be an oil man."

Booker T. Washington, on one of his trips to Oklahoma, spent the night at the Simmons ranch and convinced Simmons to attend the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. From Washington, Simmons learned to love work for its own sake, and learned that success depends on an ability to charm and motivate people.

After graduating from Tuskegee in 1919, Simmons married Melba Dorsey and moved to Detroit, Michigan. A year later he divorced her, moved back to Oklahoma, and married Willie Eva Flowers.

Oil business
As a member of the Creek Nation, Simmons received 160 acres of land when the tribe disbanded. In the 1920s, oil flowed on his hand. He became an oil broker and entrepreneur, buying and selling oil leases, and started a real estate business. During the Great Depression, he sold Oklahoma farmland to African Americans in East Texas, who had made money in the oil boom. Meanwhile, he expanded his oil lease-trading business into Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Kansas. He dealt with oil barons such as William Skelly, founder of Skelly Oil, and Frank Phillips, founder of Phillips Petroleum.

With the help of his sons and L. W. Thomas of Summit, Oklahoma, Simmons built the Simmons Royalty Co., and expanded into cattle and insurance.

In the 1960s, Simmons worked as an intermediary in multimillion-dollar deals between major American oil companies and newly independent African nations. He became internationally recognized in the oil business. In 1969, he was appointed to the National Petroleum Council.

Civil rights
Simmons refused to be a victim of bigotry. He told his children, "You are equal to anyone, but if you think you're not, you're not."

Simmons thought that jobs were the key to economic empowerment for African Americans. He helped blacks gain skills in his business and then helped them find jobs in other businesses. Simmons once said, "It is a waste of life for a man to fail to achieve when he has the opportunity."

In 1938, Simmons filed one of the early court cases against separate schools and took it all the way to the Supreme Court. He was president of the Oklahoma NAACP and presided over the Negro Business League.

Family
Simmons' son J. J. "Jake" III was vice president of the family business before being recruited to work at the Interior Department during the Kennedy administration. He served as undersecretary of the Interior Department during the first Reagan administration and a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission in the 1980s and 1990s.
Donald, an economist, took over Simmons Royalty Company. Blanche was a social worker and Kenneth, a Harvard-educated professor of architecture at the University of California, Berkeley.

References

External links
Staking a Claim: Jake Simmons and the Making of an African-American Oil Dynasty at amazon.com

1901 births
1981 deaths
American businesspeople in the oil industry
Tuskegee University alumni
People from Haskell, Oklahoma
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century African-American businesspeople


The Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway (SP&S) class L-4 steam locomotives were originally used by the Astoria and Columbia River Railroad (AC&R).  They became SP&S locomotives when the SP&S acquired the A&CR.

Background
The Astoria & Columbia River Railroad ran from Portland, Oregon, to Astoria, Oregon, along the south bank of the Columbia River.  In 1896-97 several locomotives were obtained secondhand for the newly completed line.  Among these locomotives were A&CR numbers 6 and 7.  These locomotives would become the two members of Class L-4 when the SP&S bought out the A&CR in 1911.

Numbering
Upon the acquisition of the A&CR by the SP&S both locomotives were renumbered and placed into Class L-4.  A&CR number 6 was renumbered SP&S number 53 on February 24, 1911.  A&CR number 7 was renumbered SP&S number 54 on February 24, 1911.

Disposition
SP&S number 53 was sold to Warren CC on May 6, 1920.  SP&S number 54 was dismantled in May 1924.

References

Rogers locomotives
4-4-0 locomotives
L-4
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1883

Scrapped locomotives


Windsor was a ship wrecked on Long Reef near Sydney, Australia in 1816.

Windsor was a sloop of 22 tons owned and under the command of Henry Major.  Windsor left the Hawkesbury and headed for Sydney when she was blown well off shore by a gale.  It is probable that it was this gale that ended up sinking Recovery the same month.  Eventually Windsor reached Newcastle where she picked up Recoverys survivors.  Coming into Sydney the ship was wrecked on Long Reef but all of Windsors crew and Recoverys survivors were able to get to safety and walk to Sydney.

References

1788–1850 ships of Australia
1816 in Australia
Coastal trading vessels of Australia
History of New South Wales
Individual sailing vessels
Maritime incidents in 1816
Ships built in Australia
Shipwrecks of the Northern Sydney Region
Sloops of Australia


Elbow Creek is a stream in Taney County, Missouri. The stream headwaters are on the southwest flank of Lime Kiln Mountain within the Mark Twain National Forest. The stream course makes a sharp turn from northeast to southeast about a mile from its source then flows in a meandering fashion south to its confluence with Bull Shoals Lake north of Diamond City which lies across the lake in northern Boone County, Arkansas.

The source is located at:  and the confluence is at:   .

Elbow Creek was so named on account of its irregular course.

References

Rivers of Taney County, Missouri
Rivers of Missouri


Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway Class L-5 was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives built in 1897 by Schenectady Locomotive Works.

References

L-5
4-4-0 locomotives
Schenectady Locomotive Works locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1897


was the fourth single by the Japanese band The Blue Hearts. Though it was released after their major debut, it was written before they signed with a major label. It was released as a "double A-side" track on July 1, 1988, with "Chernobyl" (チェルノブイリ), a controversial single that was included with the release. Lyrics and music were written by Hiroto Kōmoto, the band's lead vocalist, and was arranged by The Blue Hearts. It was not included in any albums other than compilation albums. The track is 9 minutes 17 seconds in length.

"Chernobyl" caused controversy because it was a song protesting the nuclear industry. At the time, the band was signed with Meldac Records, which was supported by Mitsubishi, who was heavily invested in the nuclear industry. Instead of bowing to pressure to drop the song, they left the label and produced the song independently, leading to their eventual signing with East West Japan.

Though there are three songs on the release, the actual B-side track was "Sha La La" (シャララ), which was also written by Kōmoto. "Chernobyl" was written by Masatoshi Mashima, the band's guitarist. Originally, "Too Much Pain" was to be included, instead of "Sha La La", but the sound of the song did not fit as well as "Sha La La".

References

1988 singles
The Blue Hearts songs
Songs written by Hiroto Kōmoto
1988 songs


The 2009 Sundance Film Festival was held during January 15, 2009 until January 25 in Park City, Utah. It was the 25th iteration of the Sundance Film Festival.

Award winners
Grand Jury Prize: Documentary - We Live in Public
Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic - Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
Grand Jury Prize: World Cinema Dramatic - The Maid (La Nana)
Grand Jury Prize: World Cinema Documentary - Rough Aunties
Audience Award: Documentary - The Cove
Audience Award: Dramatic - Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary - Afghan Star
World Cinema Audience Award: Dramatic - An Education
Documentary Directing Award - Natalia Almada for El General
Dramatic Directing Award - Cary Joji Fukunaga for Sin Nombre
World Cinema Directing Award: Dramatic - Oliver Hirschbiegel for Five Minutes of Heaven
World Cinema Directing Award: Documentary - Havana Marking for Afghan Star
Excellence in Cinematography Award: Documentary - Bob Richman for The September Issue
Excellence in Cinematography Award: Dramatic - Adriano Goldman for Sin Nombre
World Cinema Cinematography Award: Dramatic - John De Borman for An Education
World Cinema Cinematography Award: Documentary - John Maringouin for Big River Man
Documentary Film Editing - Karen Schmeer for Sergio
World Cinema Documentary Editing Award - Janus Billeskov Jansen and Thomas Papapetros for Burma VJ
Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award: Dramatic - Nicholas Jasenovec and Charlyne Yi  for Paper Heart
World Cinema Screenwriting Award - Guy Hibbert for Five Minutes of Heaven
Special Jury Prize for Originality, World Cinema Drama - Louise-Michel
Special Jury Prize, World Cinema Documentary - Tibet in Song
Special Jury Prize for Acting, World Cinema - Catalina Saavedra for The Maid (La Nana)
Special Jury Prize, U.S. Documentary - Good Hair
Special Jury Prize for Spirit of Independence - Humpday
Special Jury Prize for Acting - Mo'Nique for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
Jury Prize, U.S. Short Filmmaking - Short Term 12
Jury Prize, International Short Filmmaking - Lies
2009 Alfred P. Sloan Prize - Adam

Jurors
Dramatic Jury
Virginia Madsen – (Actress: Sideways, Number 23, The Rainmaker, David Lynch's Dune)
Scott McGehee – (Producer/Director/Writer: Uncertainty, The Deep End, Suture)
Maud Nadler – (Producer/HBO Films: Relative Values)
Mike White – (Writer/Director/Producer: Year Of The Dog)
Boaz Yakin – (Director/Writer/Producer: Fresh, Remember The Titans, Hostel)

Documentary Jury
Patrick Creadon – (Writer/Director/Director of Photography: Wordplay, Writer/Director/Director of Photography: I.O.U.S.A.)
Carl Deal – (Director/Producer: Trouble The Water)
Andrea Meditch – (Executive Producer/Producer: Man on Wire, In The Shadow Of The Moon)
Sam Pollard – (Editor: When The Levees Broke, Jungle Fever, Mo' Better Blues)
Marina Zenovich – (Director/Producer/Writer: Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired)

World Dramatic Jury
Colin Brown (New York) – (Editor: Screen International)
Christine Jeffs (New Zealand) – (Director/Writer: Rain, Stroke; Director: Sunshine Cleaning)
Vibeke Windelov (Denmark) – (Producer: Dogville, Breaking The Waves, Dancer In The Dark)

World Documentary Jury
Gillian Armstrong (Australia) – (Director: Death Defying Acts, Oscar & Lucinda, Little Women)
Thom Powers (New York) – (Documentary Programmer, Toronto International Film Festival)
Hubert Sauper (France) – (Director/Producer: Darwin's Nightmare)

Shorts Jury
Gerardo Naranjo – (Director/Writer/Producer: "I’m Gonna Explode" (), Malachance, Perro Negro)
Lou Taylor Pucci – (Actor: Thumbsucker)
Sharon Swart – (Reporter: Variety)

Alfred P. Sloan Jury (Award presented to the writer and director of an outstanding feature film focusing on science or technology as a theme, or depicting a scientist, engineer, or mathematician as a major character)
Fran Bagenal – (Professor of Astrophysical & Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado)
Rodney Brooks – (Panasonic Professor of Robotics, MIT Computer Science & AI Lab)
Ray Gesteland – (Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah)
Jeffrey Nachmanoff – (Writer: The Day After Tomorrow; Writer/Director: Traitor)
Alex Rivera – (Director/Writer/Editor: Sleep Dealer)

See also
List of films at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival

References

External links
Festival webpage
2009 Sundance Film Festival Festival Tips
Yahoo Movies

2009
2009 in Utah
2009 film festivals
2009 in American cinema
2009 festivals in the United States
January 2009 events in the United States


Ernest Cary Brace (August 15, 1931 – December 5, 2014) was the longest-held civilian prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. A decorated Marine Corps fighter pilot and mustang, Brace was court-martialed in 1961 for attempting to fake his own death. He flew as a civilian contract pilot before being captured in Laos in 1965 while flying supplies for USAID.  He spent almost eight years as a POW and upon his release received a Presidential pardon in light of his good conduct.

Military career
Brace was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1931. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1947 at age 15 as an aviation radar and radio technician.  He earned his Pilot's Wings and his commission as a Second Lieutenant from the Aviation Cadet School, graduating in August 1951.  During his tour in the Korean War (from April 1952 to March 1953), he flew more than 100 missions. While assigned to Marine Attack Squadron 121 in November 1952, Second Lieutenant Brace participated in a dive-bombing attack against a Korean hydroelectric plant.  Brace received surface-to-air fire as he took low-altitude reconnaissance imagery of the bombing results.  He was able to fly his damaged AD-3 Skyraider clear of the Korean Peninsula, crashing in the Sea of Japan where he was rescued by USS Kidd.  For his courage and initiative, Brace was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Years later, Brace (then a captain) crashed his T-28 Trojan into a cornfield near the mouth of the Choptank River near Cambridge, Maryland during a training flight on 3 January 1961.  He fled the scene but turned himself in ten days later once his empty flight-suit was found hidden in vegetation.  Brace faced a court-martial and was charged with deliberately crashing his aircraft and faking his death so that his wife Patricia could collect insurance money to pay off debts.  Brace pleaded guilty to unauthorized absence and was acquitted of the deliberate destruction of his aircraft.  The court-martial ended his military career.

Capture

Brace then worked as a civilian pilot for a number of companies before flying for BirdAir, an airline contracted by the Thai Border Patrol Police.  BirdAir also supported USAID interests in Southeast Asia.  On 21 May 1965, he flew Royal Thai Army Sergeant Chaicharn, as well as other passengers and cargo to a dirt airstrip in the Northern Laotian village of Baum Lao in Muong Houn District.  Brace's aircraft, a Pilatus PC-6 Porter, received small arms fire upon landing, rendering it incapable of taking off again.  Both he and Chaicharn were immediately taken prisoner (either by the Vietnam People's Army or the Pathet Lao) and force-marched into the jungle from Boum Lao to Muong Hoc to Doi Sai, near Dien Bien Phu.  Brace was held in a bamboo cage with his limbs and neck bound to prevent escape.  During his captivity he was beaten, interrogated, and faced with a mock execution. He escaped 6 June 1965 for a few days before being caught stealing food from a village. Upon his return to the cage his legs were put in stocks and bolted. He escaped on 17 April 1966, and was recaptured in minutes. Buried up to his chin for seven days, Brace hit his low point and attempted to hang himself on 10 December 1967. He was sent in October 1968 to a POW camp on the outskirts of Hanoi nicknamed The Plantation, where he met John McCain in the cell next to him. Brace re-tells his story in Season 8 of Locked Up Abroad.  Like Jim Bedinger, he was sequestered from other prisoners because he had been captured in Laos.  Before Doug Hegdahl's early release from the captivity, Brace contacted Hegdahl to ensure the outside world knew about the prisoners captured in Laos.

Post-release

Brace was released on March 28, 1973, spending 7 years, 10 months and 7 days in captivity, making him the longest-held civilian POW in Vietnam.  Brace had not been listed as a prisoner during the past 7 years.  His wife Patricia assumed her husband was dead and she remarried; a fact Brace found out at the processing station after his release.  While receiving out-patient care in Naval Medical Center San Diego, Brace met a nurse named Nancy stationed there.  He married her and moved to her hometown of Klamath Falls, Oregon where he later resided.  In light of Brace's time as a POW, President Gerald Ford issued him a full pardon as well as an honorable discharge from the Marine Corps. Brace, captured as a civilian, was nominated for the Prisoner of War Medal and the Purple Heart by Admiral James Stockdale, the senior officer among US prisoners held during the Vietnam War. Because Department of Defense regulations prohibit civilians from receiving military awards, the nominations were denied four times. The most recent application in 2011, sent to the office of United States Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus through fellow former POW John McCain, was successful. Brace commented that "these medals are the ones no one wants to get" as personal suffering is involved in qualifying for them.

Brace worked for a few years in the late 1970s as a manager for Evergreen International Aviation, supporting aviation contracts for the United Nations in South Vietnam, Africa, and Mexico.  He went on to work as an operations lead for Sikorsky Aircraft with other overseas contracts. In 2014, Klamath Community College awarded Brace an honorary associate degree in Aviation Science. The college is also considering naming their new veterans' center in his name. He died on December 5, 2014 of a pulmonary embolism. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered over his favorite fishing spot.

See also
Floyd James Thompson, the longest held POW in United States history, spending nearly nine years in captivity in Vietnam.
Everett Alvarez Jr. the second longest-held POW in United States history, spending 8.5 years in captivity in Vietnam.
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

Autobiographies

References

External links
Bio at pownetwork.org
Prisoner of war

1931 births
2014 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
Shot-down aviators
Vietnam War prisoners of war
United States Marine Corps personnel who were court-martialed
Recipients of American presidential pardons
Military personnel from Detroit
Aviators from Michigan
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Medal