The 1990 San Diego Chargers season was the franchise's 21st season in the National Football League (NFL) and its 31st overall. After a 1–4 start, the Chargers recovered to 5–5, only half a game out of the playoff places. Five losses in their final six games, however, saw them finish with a 6–10 record for the third consecutive season. Only one of San Diego's six victories came against a team with a winning record, and none were against eventual playoff teams. As had been the case in 1989, close finishes were a problem—the Chargers were 0–5 in games decided by seven points or fewer.

During the offseason, Bobby Beathard joined the Chargers as their general manager, beginning a ten-year tenure with the club. His first draft choice was Junior Seau, who would go on to have his number retired by the Chargers after playing in San Diego for the first thirteen seasons of his Hall of Fame career. In 1990, Seau was part of a strong defense that ranked 5th in the league, with linebacker Leslie O'Neal and cornerback Gill Byrd enjoying strong seasons. On offense, the Chargers continued a recent trend of trying multiple starting quarterbacks during the season, with Billy Joe Tolliver seeing the most action. The passing game was ranked well below the league average, but the Chargers had much more success while running the ball, with Marion Butts gaining 1,225 yards, a club record at the time.

Offseason

General manager appointment

On December 18, 1989, the Chargers announced that Director of Football Operations Steve Ortmayer's contract would not be renewed, leaving a vacancy in personnel management. While Ortmayer's draft choices included some notable successes, such as Pro Bowl wide receiver Anthony Miller and starting tackle David Richards, his trade activity had been less successful, with several acquisitions earning little competitive playing time; Ortmayer signed Jim McMahon before the 1989 season to be the new starting quarterback, but McMahon ended the season on the bench. Contract negotiations under Ortmayer were also an issue, with Chip Banks and running back Gary Anderson both holding out for entire seasons.

Team owner Alex Spanos had expressed an interest in signing Bobby Beathard to a front-office role in May 1989, shortly after Beathard quit as general manager of Washington, where he had won two of his four Super Bowl rings. Beathard had declined, preferring to take a year away from football, but was immediately rumoured to be Ortmayer's most likely successor. He was officially named to the role of general manager on January 3, with complete control over personnel. Beathard reflected that he'd missed being active in football during his year working as an analyst for NBC, saying, "I've got that feeling of excitement inside again. I'll be doing the thing I feel most comfortable doing."

Departures and arrivals

The previous season's free-agent quarterback signing, McMahon, was reluctant to sign a new contract based around performance incentives, which was the preference of head coach Dan Henning. After conferring with Beathard, Henning released McMahon on April 26. Billy Joe Tolliver, who had started five games the previous year, was left the frontrunner for the vacant quarterback job.

Another departure was center Don Macek, whose entire fourteen-year career was spent in San Diego, encompassing the entirety of the Don Coryell's time as Charger head coach. Macek had missed the bulk of the previous two seasons through injury, and announced his retirement in April. Other departures from the offensive line included James Fitzpatrick and Brett Miller, who were both left unprotected from Plan B free newspaper. At the skill positions, Anderson and wide receiver Jamie Holland were traded away for draft picks.

The Chargers boosted both their running and receiving corps when they acquired Ronnie Harmon through Plan B free agency. The former Bill, who would go on to have 378 catches and 332 carries during his six seasons with the team, was rumoured to have chosen San Diego over the Cardinals because Martin Luther King Day was not an official state holiday in Phoenix. Midseason addition Steve Hendrickson, signed primarily as a linebacker, also spent some time in the offensive backfield as an H-back or fullback, positions he had played in high school.

Overall, more than half the final-game roster of 1989 was gone by the start of the 1990 season, with some veteran players among the final cuts. Dennis McKnight, a Charger since 1982, was trying to come back from a serious quad injury. He played in every preseason game, but was cut six days before the regular season began. Running back Tim Spencer was also cut, after five years with the team; he was resigned to the squad for four games late in the season, but had no carries and was released again at the end of the year.

There were fewer changes to the defense, which had ranked sixth in the league in 1989, though cornerback Elvis Patterson was one of three Chargers picked up by the Los Angeles Raiders in Plan B free agency. Undrafted rookie defensive back Donald Frank and former Tampa Bay linebacker Henry Rolling both made the squad, and would start games in the season ahead.

On special teams, the Chargers released both their kicker and their punter for the second consecutive season, Chris Bahr and Hank Ilesic having posted inconsistent campaigns. Punter John Kidd was picked up from the Bills via Plan B free agency, while Kitrick Taylor and Donnie Elder joined the team during the course of the season as returners of punts and kickoffs respectively. Four kickers competed for the role vacated by Bahr. Fuad Reveiz and John Carney emerged ahead of Barry Belli and Tom Whelihan as the frontrunners for the vacant position, with Reveiz initially winning the job in preseason. When Reveiz struggled through the first four weeks, the Chargers switched to Carney, who would stay with the team for eleven seasons, scoring over 1,000 points.

NFL draft

San Diego held the fifth overall pick in the draft. Numerous projections had them taking tackle Richmond Webb, with linebacker Junior Seau taken by New England, picking third. Beathard openly expressed an interest in Webb. The Patriots, however, traded their pick to Seattle on draft day. When neither the Seahawks nor the Buccaneers (choosing fourth) selected Seau, Beathard gratefully drafted him. Henning reflected, "When you get a player like Junior Seau your defense is going to become better regardless of what situation he's in." Seau, a native of San Diego County, described himself as "thrilled" with the outcome. He held out through much of training camp and preseason, but signed a five-year deal worth $910,000 annually, seventeen days before the Chargers' regular-season opener against Dallas. Seau went on to play for 13 seasons in San Diego, with the club retiring his number 55 jersey in 2012.

The Chargers had seventeen picks in total, although thirteen of these were in the sixth round or later. Their second-round pick had gone to the Bears as part of the McMahon trade, so their next selections came in the third round. Of these, Leo Goeas had the biggest impact, starting ten games at left tackle in 1990, and eighteen in total over three seasons in San Diego. In the later rounds, the Chargers picked four players who would make the squad: quarterback John Friesz won the starting job in 1991; Frank Cornish started every game at center during his rookie year; tight end Derrick Walker had 979 receiving yards across four seasons in San Diego; and wide receiver Nate Lewis had 1,789 and 12 touchdowns over the same period.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Preseason

The starting quarterback job was up for grabs going into the Charger's quartet of preseason games, projected starter Tolliver having struggled in a controlled scrimmage with the Cardinals a week prior. Both Tolliver (9 of 15, 108 yards) and Mark Vlasic (11 of 13, 135 yards and a touchdown) saw action in the preseason opener against Dallas, a 28–16 win. The following week, Rod Bernstine rushed 8 times for 94 yards and two touchdowns, and rookie Lewis ran a kickoff back 87 yards for the decisive touchdown in a 30–27 win over the Rams. Tolliver was 10 of 20 for 124 yards, while Vlasic was 12 of 16 for 113 yards and an interception. Their third game saw the Chargers defeat San Francisco, the defending Super Bowl champions, 29–28. While Tolliver finished with solid numbers (10 of 19, 142 yards and a touchdown), Vlasic again boasted a better completion percentage, going 7 of 10 for 78 yards and a touchdown. Miller caught 8 passes for 143 yards and a touchdown.

San Diego missed out on a 4–0 record when they gave up 517 yards and lost 34–7 to the Raiders. Tolliver had his worst performance of the preseason, completing 5 of 16 for 95 yards. Vlasic again put up better numbers: 8 of 14 for 168 yards and a 69-yard touchdown to Miller, who had 7 catches for 158 yards. On September 3, Henning named Vlasic the starter for the regular season opener.

Regular season

Overview

San Diego finished 6–10 for the third consecutive season, and missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. They continued to struggle at the quarterback position, trying three different starters, as they did in 1988; Vlasic started the first game, Tolliver the next fourteen, and Friesz the last. Tolliver had the highest passer rating of the trio: 68.9 against a league-wide average of 77.3. He went 6–8 as a starter with 16 touchdowns and 16 interceptions. Miller was again the outstanding wide receiver, though with numbers that fell short of his 1989 totals. He caught 63 passes for 933 yards and seven touchdown; newly signed running back Harmon finished second on the team with 511 receiving yards. The Chargers' team total of 2,683 passing yards ranked 24th of 28 teams in the league. More positively, the offensive line saw Cornish, Courtney Hall, Richards and Broderick Thompson start every game and gave up only 20 sacks, tied for second best in the league.

Aided by the strong offensive line, the running game excelled, with Marion Butts enjoying the best season of his career. Butts set a franchise record with 1,225 yards despite missing two games through injury. He finished third in the league for rushing yards, and first for yards per game with 87.5. With Bernstine adding 589 yards and Harmon a further 363, San Diego finished third in the league in both rushing yardage and yards per carry.

The Chargers defense had another strong campaign, ranking fifth in the league in yards allowed. Linebacker Gary Plummer led the team with 111 tackles, ahead of fellow linebackers Seau and Leslie O'Neal, with 85 and 81 respectively. O'Neal led the team in sacks with , ahead of a pair of defensive ends: Burt Grossman with 10, and Lee Williams, who slipped to  after posting 14 the season before. Nose tackle Les Miller had only a single sack, but recovered three fumbles, including two in the opposing end zone. Gill Byrd had seven interceptions for the third consecutive season, leading the team each time; no other Charger had more than two.

New kicker Reveiz struggled, with only 2 successes from 7 field goal attempts, with none of his attempts coming from 50+ yards. He was replaced after four games by Carney, who made 19 field goals out of 21, his conversion percentage of 90.5% ranking second in the league. Punter Kidd averaged 40 yards per kick, ranking nineteenth. Mid-season acquisition Elder averaged 23.8 yards per kickoff return, second highest in the league.

Schedule

Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

Game summaries

Week 1: at Dallas Cowboys

A trick play backfired late in the game as San Diego lost their opener by three points. The Cowboys, coming off a 1–15 season, started well, with Troy Aikman leading his offense 84 yards on 8 plays for a touchdown on the first drive of the game. In response, Vlasic converted a 3rd and 16 with a 21-yard completion to Miller, then found Harmon for 15 yards on 3rd and 6. The Chargers reached 3rd and 7 on the Dallas 14, from where Craig McEwen took a short pass on the left and slipped a tackle before cutting back inside and diving in for a touchdown. Vlasic was intercepted on the next Charger possession, and Dallas drove to the San Diego 10 before Aikman threw the ball straight to Billy Ray Smith Jr. for an interception. Later, Miller drew a 41-yard defensive pass interference penalty, and Butts scored from the 1 on the next play. Butts broke off an 18-yard run on the next Charger possession, but Reveiz missed a 31-yard field goal and the score remained 14–7 at halftime.

Lewis lost a fumble on the opening kickoff of the second half, and Dallas took over on the Charger 41. After three plays netted six yards, Aikman threw incomplete on fourth down. Following an exchange of punts, the Chargers reached 4th and 1 from the Dallas 33—they also went for it, and Butts was tripped in the backfield for a loss of two yards. In the 4th quarter, the Cowboys closed the deficit to four points with a field goal, before San Diego reached a 4th and 6 at the Dallas 48 with a little over five minutes remaining. Henning then opted for a fake punt, with the ball snapped directly to Plummer, positioned as an upback on the right. The play didn't go to plan, as Martin Bayless didn't realise that the run was on his side of the field and failed to block Bill Bates, who stopped Plummer for a gain of just two yards. Dallas converted a 4th and 2 on the ensuing drive, and Aikman scored the winning touchdown on a quarterback sneak with 1:58 to play. The Charger offense had generated only two first downs in six second-half drives, so Tolliver was inserted at quarterback for their final drive. He was sacked for a loss of 13 yards on his second play, and eventually threw incomplete on 4th and 20 to confirm the Cowboys' win.

Vlasic finished 17 of 31 for 137 yards, with a touchdown and an interception. It was his final start for the Chargers, with Tolliver taking over in Week 2. Two future Hall of Fame inductees made their debuts in this match. For the Cowboys, Emmitt Smith carried just twice for two yards, while Seau logged 4 solo tackles and 3 assists for the Chargers.

Week 2: vs. Cincinnati Bengals

The Chargers failed to capitalise on an excellent start as they lost their home opener. Six plays into the game, Harmon took a short pass from Tolliver 36 yards for a touchdown. Still in the 1st quarter, Smith intercepted Boomer Esiason and returned the ball 12 yards to the Bengal 22. Tolliver found Joe Caravello for another touchdown two plays later. A penalty on the conversion forced Reveiz to try again from ten yards further out, and he missed wide right to leave the score at 13–0. San Diego looked likely to extend their lead early in the 2nd quarter, but Miller fumbled after making a catch at the Cincinnati 25. The Bengals then drove 75 yards in 7 plays, scoring on a 10-yard pass from Esiason to former Charger James Brooks, who performed a 360° pirouette to pull in a slightly misplaced ball. Vencie Glenn picked off Esiason's next pass near midfield, and a 28-yard sweep by Butts carried the Chargers inside the 10. The drive stalled near the goal line, and San Diego settled for a chip shot field goal from Reveiz. The Bengals responded with a second touchdown pass from Esiason, and when Reveiz missed a 44-yard field goal, it was only 16–14 at halftime.

In the 3rd quarter, Byrd produced San Diego's third interception of the game, picking off a deep pass and returning it to his own 43. The Chargers moved to a 3rd and 5 at the Bengal 8, but a wild throw by Tolliver was intercepted by Lewis Billups at the 2 and returned 29 yards. Cincinnati drove to the Charger 13, before an O'Neal sack pushed them back ten yards. Two plays later, Esiason threw the game-winning touchdown on 3rd and 20, with 12:08 to play. San Diego failed to cross midfield on their final three possessions. On the last, Miller lost his second fumble of the game, after making a catch at his own 45 yard line.

San Diego outgained the Bengals by 417 yards to 302, and both sides committed three turnovers. Butts rushed 18 times for 103 yards, and Miller caught 9 passes for 137 yards.

Week 3: at Cleveland Browns

Miller scored twice as the Chargers claimed their first win of the season. O'Neal recovered an Eric Metcalf fumble on the third play of the game, setting up a 42-yard field goal by Reveiz. The next time San Diego had the ball, they drove into Cleveland territory before Tolliver threw an interception Mike Johnson returned for a touchdown, putting the Browns ahead 7–3. In the 2nd quarter, Sam Seale intercepted Bernie Kosar; the Browns quarterback was later sacked on consecutive plays, leading to a punt. San Diego then drove 65 yards in 10 plays, scoring when Tolliver found Miller open in the end zone on 3rd and 3 from the 19. Kosar came back with two 30+ yard completions as the Browns drove 90 yards in only 8 plays to retake the lead. San Diego drove as far as the Cleveland 32 in reply, but Tolliver was intercepted again, and the Browns led 14–10 at the break.

Both teams punted to start the second half, before Butts moved the Chargers into Browns territory with a 34-yard burst over right tackle. Tolliver was sacked on the next play, but soon came back with a touchdown on 3rd and 12 from the 23, Miller again getting open in the end zone. Reveiz was short on a field goal attempt from 44 yards out on the next San Diego possession, and the Browns drove as far as the Charger 26 before Williams claimed his second sack of the game. That set up a 3rd and 13, on which Kosar threw straight at Rolling while under heavy pressure. The linebacker intercepted the ball and returned it 69 yards before being caught at the Cleveland 6. Bernstine scored from a yard out three plays later. Cleveland had one more trip into Charger territory, but it was terminated by a fourth-down incompletion. Former CFL cornerback Joe Fuller ended the final Browns drive with another interception.

Tolliver was inconsistent, completing 12 of 29 passes, with two touchdowns and two interceptions. Butts, with 90 yards on 24 carries, led the game in yards from scrimmage. Miller's touchdowns represented his only catches on the day.

Week 4: vs. Houston Oilers

An error-riddled performance saw the Chargers lose to Houston. The Oilers took the opening kickoff and drove 91 yards for a touchdown in 17 plays, taking more than nine minutes off the clock. San Diego looked to have stopped the drive when Bayless sacked Warren Moon for a loss of 11 yards, and the Oilers' quarterback threw incomplete on the next two plays. Tony Zendejas then missed a 40-yard field goal, but Seau was flagged for jumping to distract the kicker while behind the line of scrimmage, giving Houston a fresh set of downs. Moon found Drew Hill for a touchdown two plays later. Both kickers struggled, with Reveiz wide right from 45 yards out, and Zendejas hitting the upright from 36. On the next Oiler drive, a Moon touchdown pass was overturned on review, and Zendejas missed a 27-yard chip shot field goal.

San Diego then drove 80 yards in seven plays to tie the game, with Tolliver finding Miller in the end zone on 3rd and 7 from the Oiler 27. Only 1:46 remained in the half, but that proved to be enough time for Moon. Passing on every play, he moved the ball from his own 27 to the Charger 27, where he threw incomplete on 3rd and 7. Williams had jumped offside, however, giving Moon another chance; he converted with a touchdown to Ernest Givins on the next play, giving Houston a 14–7 lead 25 seconds before halftime.

Both quarterbacks made errors after the break. The Chargers got as far as the Oiler 46 after taking the second-half kickoff, but Tolliver was intercepted by Cris Dishman on 3rd and 6. Following an exchange of punts, Houston reached a 2nd and 5 at the Charger 7 before being stopped by Byrd's end-zone interception. Tolliver completed a 27-yard pass to Quinn Early on the next play, and picked up another first down with a 14-yard run. San Diego had a 3rd and 8 at the Houston 37 going into the final quarter, but an off-target Tolliver pass was picked off by Bubba McDowell, and the Oilers took nearly seven minutes off the clock while driving for a field goal, and a ten-point lead. Needing a quick response, the Chargers were boosted by Butts, who converted a 3rd and 1 with a 42-yard burst up the middle. The drive stalled near the goal line, and Reveiz was wide left from 27 yards out with three minutes to play, effectively ensuring defeat.

San Diego's defense gave up 421 yards, which would stand as a season high. The missed field goals proved costly for Reveiz, who was released and replaced with Carney before the next game.

Week 5: at Pittsburgh Steelers

San Diego's offense faded after their first possession in a one-sided defeat. After Pittsburgh opened the scoring with a field goal, Butts had runs of 12 and 15 yards, Early had a 30-yard reception, and San Diego reached a 3rd and goal at the 2. Plummer, a linebacker, then lined up in the offensive backfield and caught a touchdown pass on the only reception of his career. The Steelers responded with touchdown drives of 77 and 74 yards, tight end Eric Green scoring both times for a 17–7 halftime lead.

Tolliver was intercepted on the third play of the second half, leading to another Steelers touchdown. On the next drive, Tolliver converted two third downs before the Chargers attempted a 4th and 12 from the Pittsburgh 27. Tolliver went deep for Anthony Miller; Carnell Lake mistakenly intercepted the pass instead of knocking it down, pinning the Steelers at their own 3. Les Miller recovered a loose ball in the end zone on the next play, pulling the score back to 24–14. The Chargers got no closer; Kidd punted on their next two possessions, and the second of these was blocked through the end zone for a safety. Pittsburgh added a field goal on the ensuing drive, then Tolliver fumbled when sacked by Greg Lloyd and the Steelers scored a further touchdown. Tolliver was intercepted for the third time in the final minute.

Tolliver completed 11 of 29 passes for 121 yards, with a touchdown and 3 interceptions. Pittsburgh scored four offensive touchdowns after managing none in their first four games, and possessed the ball for over 39 minutes.

Week 6: at New York Jets

After an error-riddled start, a greatly improved all-around performance saw the Chargers to an easy win. The opening exchanges featured numerous miscues. Jets punter Joe Prokop mishandled a snap on the game's first possession, a teammate eventually recovering 28 yards behind the line of scrimmage. Five plays later, Tolliver also failed to gather a snap cleanly; the loose ball was picked up by New York safety Erik McMillan, but Tolliver then knocked it free and made the recovery himself at the 6. The double turnover gave San Diego a first and goal; they moved the ball to the 1 with a Harmon run, before Butts (twice) and Bernstine were stopped for no gain, and New York took over on downs. Three plays later, Grossman brought Ken O'Brien down in his own end zone for a safety. Darrin Nelson fumbled the ensuing free kick deep inside his own territory, and the Jets converted the opening into a field goal and a 3–2 lead, ten minutes into the game.

San Diego took control from that point, scoring 37 unanswered points. They drove 88 yards in 10 plays on their next possession, with Butts converting a 4th and 1, and Miller catching a 29-yard touchdown on the next play. Soon afterwards, Prokop came under pressure and opted to run rather than punting—he was stopped at his own 5 yard line, and Butts scored on the next play. Carney made his first field goal attempts as a Charger on their next two possessions, and the lead was already 22–3 by halftime. After the interval, Butts capped a 12-play, 89-yard drive with his second touchdown of the game, Carney added a third field goal, and Bernstine broke away on a 40-yard touchdown run to complete the scoring.

Butts rushed 26 times for 121 yards and two touchdowns, as San Diego accumulated 224 yards on the ground. Miller caught 5 passes for 100 yards and a touchdown. The Jets mustered only 53 passing yards, with the Charger defense producing four sacks and a Byrd interception.

Week 7: vs. Los Angeles Raiders

An inability to finish drives led the Chargers to slip to 2–5. On the game's opening drive, Butts rushed five times for 36 yards, and San Diego drove 74 yards before settling for Carney's 27-yard field goal. Los Angeles leveled the scores early in the 2nd quarter; Kidd then shanked an 8-yard punt out of bounds at his own 35, setting up a Bo Jackson touchdown run. Tolliver's 23-yard completion was the biggest play on the ensuing drive, which saw San Diego move from their own 10 to the Los Angeles 20 before Carney kicked another field goal, 1:45 before halftime. Seale intercepted Jay Schroeder to set up his offense at the Raider 44, but San Diego scored no points from the opening after Tolliver was sacked, and went into halftime 10–6 down.

Los Angeles drove 68 yards in 8 plays to start the second half, extending their lead with another Jackson touchdown run. The Chargers drove from their own 29 to the Raider 10, but Thompson was flagged for holding and they once again settled for a field goal. Following an exchange of punts, Schroeder threw a touchdown to Willie Gault for the game's final points. San Diego's last two possessions saw them turn the ball over on downs at the Raider 2 yard line (after a 12-play, 68 yard drive), and 34 yard line.

San Diego and Los Angeles had the same offensive yardage total (289). The Chargers were in Raiders territory on six out of nine drives throughout the game. Tolliver completed half his passes (14 of 28), but only 2 of 10 on third down.

Week 8: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Seven turnovers were the foundation for an easy San Diego victory. The offense, held without a touchdown the week prior, converted three third downs on their opening drive, and Butts opened the scoring from a yard out. Soon afterwards, Byrd intercepted Chris Chandler and returned the ball 24 yards to his own 44. Five plays later, Tolliver found Miller in the end zone for a 31-yard touchdown. Tampa Bay were able to respond with Mark Carrier's 68-yard touchdown reception, but the Chargers reclaimed control on their next two drives. First, they went 74 yards on 16 plays for a field goal, the key play coming when Bernstine converted a 4th and 1 in his own territory. Elder then intercepted Chandler at the Buccaneer 29, and the Chargers converted three third downs, the last of these being Butts' 2-yard touchdown run on 3rd and goal.

Up 24–7 at the break, San Diego went through a lull in the 3rd quarter, the only score being a Tampa Bay field goal after Harmon fumbled. Tampa Bay turned the ball over five times in the second half, however, including four in the final quarter. Aided by these takeaways, as well as a pair of Grossman sacks, the Chargers pulled away with touchdown runs by Bernstine (20 yards) and Butts (5 yards), either side of a Carney field goal.

Byrd had two of San Diego's four interceptions. The Chargers had a balanced offense, gaining 157 yards both running and passing. This was the first time a Chargers team scored 40+ points since 1987, and the last time until 1993.

Week 9: at Seattle Seahawks

Their special teams and defense scored touchdowns in quick succession as the Chargers beat Seattle with ease. San Diego took the opening kickoff and drove 72 yards in 11 plays, with Harmon's 11-yard touchdown catch coming on 3rd and 2. Richard Brown recovered a muffed punt later in the opening quarter, but Carney was wide right on a 36-yard field goal—his first miss as a Charger. Seattle then drove 80 yards in 9 plays, and tied the score through a 21-yard John L. Williams run. Five plays later, Tolliver restored San Diego's advantage when he found a streaking Early for a 45-yard touchdown. Neither side crossed midfield in the final ten minutes of the 2nd quarter, and it was 14–7 at halftime.

Nine minutes into the second half, Carney extended the Charger lead to ten points with a 20-yard chip shot field goal, before the game was broken open by two touchdowns in the final minute of the 3rd quarter. First, rookie receiver Lewis fielded a punt and eluded three would-be tacklers en route to a 63-yard touchdown. On the next play from scrimmage, Dave Krieg fumbled under pressure from O'Neal, with Les Miller eventually recovering the loose ball in the end zone for his second touchdown of the season; O'Neal was credited with a 30-yard sack on the play. Seattle scored the only seven points in a processional final quarter.

Tolliver was 11 of 24 for 145 yards and two touchdowns, while throwing no interceptions for the fourth consecutive week. Seattle gained 194 yards, with just 98 of those coming in the first three quarters.

Week 10: vs. Denver Broncos

Byrd intercepted John Elway on consecutive drives, and San Diego evened their record at 5–5 with a third consecutive win. Denver started well, forcing a punt and driving 79 yards for the opening touchdown. The Chargers appeared poised to respond in kind when Walker took a short pass for 23 yards and brought up a 1st and goal at the 4, but the drive stalled and Carney kicked a short field goal early in the 2nd quarter. Later in the quarter, Butts swept for 45 yards around left end, and appeared to have scored from the 1 three plays later; Arthur Cox, however, was flagged for illegal motion, negating the touchdown and eventually leading to another chip-shot field goal. With 2:17 to play, San Diego began a drive on their own 29. Tolliver converted three third downs, including a 28-yard completion to McEwen on 3rd and 27, and Carney's 43-yard kick made it 9–7, three seconds before half time.

Nine minutes into the second half, Byrd intercepted Elway at the Denver 31. San Diego soon drove inside the Bronco 10 for the third time in the game, but Walker was flagged for holding and Carney came in to kick his fourth field goal. A 75-yard kickoff return had Denver threatening to retake the lead, but Byrd again picked off Elway, this time in the end zone. San Diego then drove 80 yards in 10 plays, with Butts breaking off a 22-yard run, and Miller producing back-to-back receptions of 18 and 14 yards. This time, they found the end zone, with Plummer scoring off right tackle from a yard out for his second offensive touchdown of the season. Needing two touchdowns with 8:59 on the clock, Denver embarked on an 18-play drive that featured two fourth-down conversions and took over six minutes off the clock. They reached a 1st and goal at the 1, but their next two plays combined to lose a yard, before Williams sacked Elway at the 11 and Glenn knocked away his final pass to clinch the win.

Butts rushed 16 times for 114 yards, and Tolliver ran his streak of games without an interception to five. The Chargers moved within half a game of the AFC playoff places; one of the three wildcard spots was held by their next opponents, the 5–4 Chiefs.

Week 11: at Kansas City Chiefs

San Diego's quarterbacks turned the ball over five times as their playoff chances suffered a major setback. Kansas City went ahead only three plays into the game when Steve DeBerg found J.J. Birden behind Elder and Seale for a 90-yard touchdown pass. On the Chargers' first play from scrimmage, Tolliver fumbled the snap and Kanas City recovered, setting up a Nick Lowery field goal and a 10–0 lead barely four minutes into the game. San Diego managed a Carney field goal in response, but the Chiefs drove 78 yards in the 2nd quarter and doubled their lead through DeBerg's second touchdown pass. Shortly before halftime, Vlasic entered the game for one series and was intercepted in his own territory. The Chiefs looked set to extend their lead, but missed out on the chance to kick a field goal when the clock expired due to a misunderstanding as to whether a timeout had been called.

The Chargers got back into the game on the opening possession of the second half. Miller caught two passes for 40 yards on a 10-play, 80-yard drive that ended with Tolliver finding Walker from two yards out for a touchdown. The Charger defense then forced a punt, but Tolliver was intercepted two plays later, setting up another Lowery field goal. DeBerg later threw his third touchdown pass of the game, and the Charger's last two possessions ended with Tolliver fumbling and being intercepted.

Miller had 6 catches for 93 yards. San Diego were only outgained by 11 yards (297-286), but committed all five of the game's turnovers.

Week 12: vs. Seattle Seahawks

San Diego had five turnovers for the second consecutive game, including three on their final three possessions as they lost in overtime. In a scoreless 1st quarter, Seattle kicker Norm Johnson missed a 36-yard field goal and a deep ball from Tolliver was intercepted. In the 2nd quarter, Lee Williams sacked Dave Krieg with the Seahawks in San Diego territory, forcing a punt that pinned the Chargers at their own 8. Butts rushed 8 times for 48 yards on the ensuing drive, which took San Diego within a yard of the Seattle end zone. They were pushed back 15 yards when Cox was flagged for spitting at an opponent, and had to settle for a field goal. A minute before halftime, Kidd punted for the Chargers, and Chris Warren fumbled during the return. The loose ball went straight to Kidd, who briefly had possession before he too fumbled, and Seattle recovered at the San Diego 47. They drove inside the 10, and kicked a field goal one play after Frank was ruled not to have taken a low interception attempt cleanly.

After an exchange of punts to begin the second half, San Diego drove 82 yards on 10 plays to take the lead. Butts again contributed heavily, rushing 5 times for 39 yards, and Cox dived to pull in an 8-yard touchdown pass on 3rd and 6. John L. Williams took a screen pass 60 yards on the next drive, breaking several tackles before Seale chased him down at the San Diego 26 to save a touchdown. One play later, Lee Williams forced Krieg to fumble, and Les Miller recovered. San Diego still led 10–3 with a little over ten minutes remaining in regulation, with a 2nd and 9 at the Seattle 49, but Tolliver threw an interception straight to Eugene Robinson. Seattle converted three third downs on the ensuing drive, and tied the scores with 4:17 to play. Tolliver and Anthony Miller connected twice on third-down conversions as San Diego looked to position themselves for a game-winning field goal. With a little under a minute to play, Cox made a catch that would have given his team a first down at the Seattle 21, but he fumbled, the Seahawks recovered, and the game went to overtime. San Diego won the toss and opted to receive in the extra period, but Cox fumbled again on their third play, setting up Seattle at the Charger 23. After two further plays, Seattle sent in Johnson, who won the game with a 40-yard field goal.

It was the first time a Chargers game had gone to overtime since 1987. Butts rushed 28 times for 128 yards. Krieg was sacked four times and was responsible for five fumbles. Seattle fumbled six times in total, but the Chargers recovered only two of them.

Week 13: vs. New York Jets

Butts made several big plays as San Diego completed a two-game season sweep of the Jets. The Chargers were trailing 3–0 in the opening quarter when Elder knocked back a Kidd punt for Lester Lyles to down at the New York 1. Three plays later, Frank intercepted Ken O'Brien, setting up his offense at the 13—Butts soon scored from a yard out. On the next Jets' possession, Smith forced a fumble that Bayless recovered at the Charger 47. Lewis opened the ensuing drive with a 25-yard reception, and Butts added a 14-yard run before scoring from the 4. O'Brien responded by leading an 86-yard drive and finding Al Toon for a touchdown. Tolliver was intercepted in his own territory late in the half, but the defense held and New York missed a field goal. Butts had a 26-yard catch-and-run on the next play, and McEwen's 32-yard reception took the ball to the New York 5 before San Diego settled for a field goal and a 17–10 lead at the break.

Tolliver found Miller for a 24-yard touchdown in the 3rd quarter, before O'Brien and Toon combined on their second touchdown pass of the game. San Diego's response covered 84 yards in only 6 plays. Butts had runs of 13 and 18 yards either side of a 40-yard reception by Lewis to move San Diego into the red zone; two plays later, Butts had a touchdown negated after Hall was flagged for holding, but Lewis made a fingertip catch for a 19-yard touchdown on the next snap. Following an exchange of punts, New York converted a fourth down and reached 2nd and 7 at the Charger 8 with under five minutes to play. Frank then tipped a pass in the end zone, and Bayless intercepted to end the Jets' last serious threat. Butts broke through an opening at right tackle and gained 52 yards before he was brought down; Lewis ensured the win with a 10-yard end-around two plays later.

Butts finished with 26 carries for 159 yards and two touchdowns; adding in his 26-yard reception, he had a career-high 185 offensive yards. Lewis had 4 catches for 89 yards and a touchdown, while adding 2 carries for 15 yards and a touchdown.

Week 15: at Denver Broncos

San Diego were officially eliminated from playoff contention after a late comeback attempt fell short. The Chargers narrowly missed a touchdown on their opening drive: Harmon's 30-yard catch took the ball inside the Denver 10, but Walker fumbled while trying to stretch the ball over the goal line on third down, and the Broncos recovered. The Chargers reached Denver's 37-yard line in the 2nd quarter, but Butts was stopped a yard short when they went for it on 4th and 2. Denver, who had gone three-and-out on their first three possessions, finally drove in range for a field goal; David Treadwell's 46-yard kick was deflected by Grossman, however, and fell well short. Butts converted two third downs with rushes on the next drive, and Harmon converted another with a 20-yard catch; Carney's 30-yard field goal opened the scoring with 56 seconds to play in the half. Elway, however, needed only 41 seconds to drive 65 yards for a touchdown, completing two 25-yard passes, the latter a touchdown for Michael Young.

Denver stretched their lead in the second half, with Young scoring a second touchdown and Treadwell kicking a 49-yard field goal for a 17–3 lead with 12:58 to play in the game. Tolliver passed on every play on the next drive, completing 5 of 7 and converting a fourth down a play before finding McEwen at the goal line for a 22-yard touchdown. Melvin Bratton took a short pass for 63 yards on the next play from scrimmage, setting up another field goal. Needing two scores again, San Diego advanced to a 2nd and 4 at the Denver 18, but Tolliver badly overthrew Miller and was intercepted with five minutes to play. San Diego's final possession ended when Tolliver threw incomplete on fourth down at the Denver 38 yard line.

Tolliver completed 26 of 51 passes for 308 yards, with one touchdown and one interception. Harmon caught 8 passes for a regular season career-best 116 yards; he also rushed 3 times for 17 yards.

Week 16: vs. Kansas City Chiefs

San Diego overcame a fourteen-point deficit, but still lost to the playoff-chasing Chiefs. Kansas City's offense scored touchdowns on three of their four first-half possessions, including a 9-play, 64-yard drive to open the game. The Chargers responded with a long touchdown drive of their own: Tolliver converted one third down with a pass to Harmon, and another with a run, before finding Miller for a 5-yard touchdown on 3rd and 4. Kansas City, rounded off 77- and 78- yard drives with 2nd quarter touchdowns, however, with Tolliver throwing an interception deep in Chiefs territory between the two scores.

Down 21–7, the Chargers improved markedly after the break. On the opening possession of the second half, Bernstine (seeing increased playing time because Butts was injured) carried 6 times for 23 yards, finishing the drive by leaping over the goal line from 3 yards out. San Diego were forced to punt on their next possession, but Plummer downed Kidd's kick at the Chiefs 3. Kansas City went three-and-out, and Taylor fielded the resulting punt at his own 45 before sidestepping two defenders and threading his way up the center of the field for the game-tying touchdown. Kidd's next punt was even better, with Sammy Lilly downing it a yard from the Kansas City goal line with 7:51 to play. Two plays gained four yards, before Todd McNair took a short pass, broke Rolling's tackle at the 10, and gained 65 yards before being brought down at the Charger 30. Nick Lowery kicked the game-winning field goal shortly afterwards. The Chargers still had over two minutes to reply, and advanced to a 2nd and 1 at their own 48 before Tolliver's overthrown pass went directly to Deron Cherry for an interception, and the Chiefs ran out the clock.

Harmon had 5 carries for 25 yards and 7 catches for 72 yards. Tolliver was 18 of 27 for 165 yards, with a touchdown and two interceptions. This proved to be his final game as a Charger, as he was benched for Friesz in the finale, and traded to Atlanta in the offseason.

Week 17: at Los Angeles Raiders

Friesz made his first NFL start, as Beathard wanted to give the rookie quarterback a chance to compete for the starting job. His debut ended in defeat to a Raiders side playing to clinch both the AFC West title and a playoff bye. Friesz attempted only two passes on the game's 11-play opening drive, which saw Harmon start to the left and reverse field to the right on a 41-yard run to the Raider 10. When Harmon was stopped a yard short of the end zone on third down, Carney opened the scoring with a 19-yard chip-shot field goal. The Chargers gained a first down at the Raider 35 on their next drive, but Friesz was intercepted, and Los Angeles drove 76 yards the other way, scoring on a Marcus Allen touchdown. Later, Taylor's 33-yard punt return set up his offense at the Raider 34; Bernstine converted a 4th and 1, before Friesz found McEwen from 7 yards out for his first ever touchdown pass. Carney's extra point was blocked, and San Diego led 9–7 at halftime.

In a scoreless 3rd quarter, Gerald Robinson stuffed Marcus Allen on a fourth-down try, and Carney was short on a 54-yard field goal. After the Raiders edged ahead with a field goal early in the final period, Elder returned a kickoff for 90 yards to the Los Angeles 7 yard line, but the Chargers had to settle for another Carney field goal. The Raiders then drove 80 yards in 11 plays, scoring the winning touchdown with 3:53 to play. San Diego began their final drive at their own 20. After gaining 9 yards in three plays, Bernstine converted on 4th and 1 with a 14-yard gain up the middle. Friesz also converted a 3rd and 15 with a 16-yard completion to Miller, but eventually threw incomplete on 4th and 11 from the Raider 47, with 45 seconds to play.

Friesz was 11 of 22 for 98 yards, with a touchdown and an interception. Bernstine rushed 27 times for 114 yards, the first 100-yard game of his career. The Chargers finished 6–10 for the third consecutive season; despite the closeness of this game, they were six clear games back of the division-winning Raiders (12–4).

Standings

Awards
Three Chargers were named to the 1991 Pro Bowl, with Butts also named a 2nd-team All-Pro by the Associated Press. Also, Seau received a single vote as Defensive Rookie of the Year.

References

San Diego Chargers
San Diego Chargers seasons
San Diego Chargers f


The Brooks Wallace Award is an award given by the College Baseball Foundation (CBF) to the best college baseball shortstop of the year. The award has been given annually since 2004. Until 2008 the award was presented to the nation's most outstanding player; however, in 2009 the recipient list was changed to only include shortstops. It is named after former Texas Tech shortstop and assistant coach Brooks Wallace, who died of cancer in 1985 at the age of 27.

Winners

See also

 List of college baseball awards
 Baseball awards#U.S. college baseball
 College Baseball Hall of Fame

Notes

References

External links
 College Baseball Foundation (CBF) official website.
 CBF College Baseball Awards Show official webpage.
 2009 College Baseball Foundation Awards Show MLB.com; MLB Advanced Media, L.P.

College baseball trophies and awards in the United States
Most valuable player awards
Awards established in 2004
Baseball in Lubbock, Texas


Diocese (or Bishopric) of Toamasina may refer to :

 the present Anglican Diocese of Toamasina
 the precursor of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toamasina, which was called the Diocese of Toamasina


Renée Sebastian (born Darlene Renée Sebastian Domingo on August 7, 1973) is a Filipino-American soul-infused pop and R&B singer, songwriter, and owner of a bespoke fashion, beauty and tea company da.u.de.

Early life
Sebastian was born in Monterey, California to Filipino parents and was
raised in the Philippines. She is the second child and has one brother and one sister.

Encouraged by her teachers to embrace Performing Arts while attending Colegio San Agustin - Makati she became a member of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Girl's Choir. She also trained as a jazz and modern contemporary dancer under the Philippine professional dance group Hotlegs. Years later she would move to the Bay Area and train under top vocal coach, Seth Riggs who had orchestrated vocal arrangements for musical legends
Michael Jackson, Luther Vandross, Barbra Streisand, Enrique Iglesias,
Natalie Cole and Quincy Jones. Sebastian studied at the illustrious Jazz School
at Berkeley, California. Renee holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science with a minor in Mathematics from Saint Peter's College
in Jersey City, New Jersey.

Sebastian was also a competitive swimmer. She trained under Liwanag Gonzales at Manila Army and Navy Club for youth sports. She swam for Colegio San Agustin - Makati high school athletics and for Saint Peter's College varsity sports.

Music career
She emerged as a prolific, consistently engaging vocalist on the Bay Area R&B and Soul music scene in 2004 with her self-titled (but unreleased) debut album Reneessance. Since the
successful release of her hit single Deliciously Dangerous, which won a Billboard songwriting award, garnered radio adds nationwide and
received positive reviews from national trade publications, including an "R&B Pick of the Week" from Billboard magazine. She's a self-described "progressive artist" and creator of a popular New York City soul showcase series Blowout Lounge.

Mrs. Sebastian (2008)
Her second album, Mrs. Sebastian, was released in 2008. The vocally challenging
"This Is Me" is an R&B, Hip-Hop blend with a soulful but urban edge that boasts a unique chorus, while the ballad "Every Lesson," is a mid-tempo track that explores life lessons. The emotive first single "These Are The Signs" is another playful mid-tempo jam about the distinction
between "love" and "making love." Surrounding herself with a team of multi-talented instrumentalists and producers including Keyon Harrold (50 Cent, Jay-Z), Hanan Rubinstein (Leela James), Raymond Angry (Christina Aguilera, Lauryn Hill, Joss Stone, Meshell N'degeocello) and Grammy Award winning Ralph Kearns, they all believed in Renee as a singer and wanted to contribute to the project.

In December 2008, Mrs. Sebastian was designated Mercedes Benz Album of the Month.

Collaborations
She has shared the stage with notable artists Eric Roberson, Heavy, Jesse Boykins III, Russell Taylor, Nate James, Maya Azucena, Ra-Re Valverde, Peter Hadar, PJ Morton, to name a few.

Discography
 2008: Mrs. Sebastian EP
 2004: Deliciously Dangerous Single

External links
 Renee Sebastian Official site
 Renee Sebastian On MySpace
 Renee Sebastian On Blip.tv
 Renee Sebastian Skirt Set on mTV
 Renee Sebastian On Blowout Lounge
 [ Renee Sebastian] on Allmusic

References

 THESE MOMS ROCK - MAMAPALOOZA FEST PUTS SPOTLIGHT ON MUSICAL MOTHERS On San Jose Mercury News
  PR News Now.
 Bads Girls On Hyphen Magazine
 Artist Spotlight. New Music Weekly. Retrieved on 2004-04-02.
 BILLBOARD SINGLES REVIEWS. Billboard. Retrieved on 2004-06-05.
 BILLBOARD SINGLES REVIEWS. Los Angeles Independent. Kevin Herrera. Retrieved on 2004-05-19.
 Top Five Vocalists of the Month on SingerUniverse Magazine.
 No. 19 NMW AC40 Chart. New Music Weekly. Retrieved on 2004-05-14.
 No. 38 NMW Top40/CHR Chart. New Music Weekly. Retrieved on 2004-04-09.

Living people
1973 births
Saint Peter's University alumni


Cornelly (Welsh: Corneli) is a community and electoral ward in Bridgend County Borough, South Wales. As of 2011 the population of the Cornelly ward was 7,059.

Cornelly was created following The Bridgend (Cynffig, Cornelly and Pyle Communities) (Electoral Changes) Order 2002 which divided Cynffig into Cornelly and Pyle (divided by the mainline railway). Councillors to the new Cornelly Community Council were elected at the May 2004 elections.

Cornelly includes two villages, North Cornelly and South Cornelly, and it is bisected by the A48 and M4. Sand dunes in the area conceal the walled town of Kenfig, founded in the 1120s and overwhelmed in the late 14th century. Another notable local feature is Sker House, a historic building which overlooks the dunes. North Cornelly is part of the urban area of Pyle.

Cornelly is also an electoral ward, coterminous with the community. Prior to April 1996 it was a ward to Ogwr Borough Council and Mid Glamorgan County Council. Since 1995 has elected two county councillors to Bridgend County Borough Council. Initially represented by the Labour Party, it elected two Independent councillors from 2008.

Notes

Communities in Bridgend County Borough
Mid Glamorgan electoral wards
Wards of Bridgend County Borough


The Glenwood Shoreline is an ancient shoreline of the precursor to Lake Michigan, Lake Chicago. It is named after the town of Glenwood, Illinois. The shoreline was formed when the lake was higher during the last ice age, while ice blocked the Straits of Mackinac. After the straits were freed, the lake receded and left behind a sand ridge at an elevation of about  where the shore resided. This ridge can be seen clearly in Glenwood, Illinois, Dyer, Indiana, and Schererville, Indiana, all south of Chicago.

The two higher beaches of Lake Chicago, the Glenwood and the Calumet, are not visible along the northern part of the Lake Michigan.  The readvance of ice lobe may have buried or eroded any northern remains.

Development
The Michigan Lobe of the continental glacier had been growing and receding since 70,000 BCE. The glacier had been static along the Valparaiso Moraine for many years before it again began to recede northward. Around 12,000 BCE the glacier began receding north of the Valparaiso Moraine. The melt waters began to form a lake between the southern front of the glacier and the moraine, which acted as a dam. The water collected until it found a low spot in the moraine, near modern Palos Hills, Illinois. Here, it topped the moraine and began cutting an outlet. At around  above sea level, it stopped cutting downward and a stable lake formed.

Distribution
The Glenwood beach is the highest of the Lake Chicago beaches. In the Wisconsin it lies close to the shore of Lake Michigan.  To the north, it has been destroyed by Lakes Nipissing and Algonquin and modern Lake Michigan. Southward into Illinois the remnants are broken, until the area of Winnetka.  From here south, the beach is further inland a nearly continuous around the city of Chicago into Indiana.  It is continuous through Chesterton and then north into Michigan, where it follows the west edge of Covert Ridge into Holland. The ridge is part of the Lake Border Moraine. The beach reaches back more than  from the modern shoreline while in other places, the modern lake as eroded the old beach shore. North of Holland it passes through the Grand and Muskegon valleys and can be from  to  from the lake. When the beach reaches north of the Muskegon River it returns to the shore of Lake Michigan.
North of this area, the beach ridge has been eroded away.  Near Pentwater it remains several miles from modern shore.  Around Ludington it is buried by a gravel plain.

Where to see the shoreline
The beach name comes from Glenwood, Illinois. Beginning in Dyer, Indiana, along U.S. Route 30, the beach continues eastward from where U.S. 30 bends southward just east of U.S. 41. Just north of downtown Merrillville it ends. The next segment can be found west of State Route 51 in Hobart, along the southern flank of Deep River.

Leaving Lake County, the beach turns northward. The next visible area is along Salt Creek in Porter County. It is visible on the northern bank from just north of I-80/90, southward across State Route 149. The largest area is just south of downtown Chesterton, Indiana. It extends about  east and west of Old SR 49.

See also
Calumet Shoreline
Tolleston Shoreline
Tinley Moraine
Valparaiso Moraine
Kankakee Outwash Plain

References

Geological history of the Great Lakes
Glacial landforms
Lake Michigan


Les Clips Vol. III is a VHS recorded by the French singer Mylène Farmer, containing all the singer's videoclips from 1989 to 1990. It was released in March 1990 in France.

In order to release a new video clips, Laurent Boutonnat decided to include the two live videos "Allan" and "Plus grandir", and had therefore deleted them from the video En Concert, which was scheduled to release a few weeks later. Despite its platinum certification, this VHS was the least-selling video, in comparison with the two previous VHS.

This VHS content is also included on the DVD Music Videos I.

Formats

This video is available only on VHS.

Track listings

Credits and personnel

 Directed by Laurent Boutonnat
 Produced by Toutankhamon
 Editions : Polydor / Bertrand Le Page
Except : "À quoi je sers...": Requiem Publishing / Bertrand Le Page

Certifications and sales

References

Mylène Farmer video albums
1990 video albums


At least six steamships have been called Orizaba:
 SS Orizaba – a New York-built wooden side-wheeled steamer, launched on January 14, 1854 and broken up in 1887.
  – a  UK ocean liner launched in 1886 and wrecked in 1905
 SS Orizaba – a  New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company (aka Ward Line) vessel launched in 1889
  – a  UK trawler launched in 1908 and still in existence in the 1940s
  – a  turbo-electric German cargo ship launched in 1939 and wrecked in 1940
  – a  US ocean liner launched in 1917 and scrapped in 1963 that served as a troop ship

Ship names


Endaka (, lit. yen expensive) or Endaka Fukyo (, lit. yen expensive recession) is a state in which the value of the Japanese yen is high compared to other currencies.  Since the economy of Japan is highly dependent on exports, this can cause Japan to fall into an economic recession.

The opposite of endaka is en'yasu (, lit. yen inexpensive), where the yen is low relative to other currencies.

History

Origins
The origins of endaka began in 1971 with the Smithsonian Agreement.  The term was coined with the first usage in 1985 during the Plaza Accord, in which the yen was revalued sharply overnight.  However, its use in the context of recession was first used in 1992, when Japan's economy slowed down, and again in 1995, when the yen hit its then-postwar high of 79 to the dollar.

Japan has struggled to keep its yen low to aid exporters.  China, Singapore and Hong Kong typically have a target exchange rate, and they buy foreign currencies to maintain that target rate.  However, China, like Japan, has begun to drive itself into a corner with its huge surpluses as well.

After the severe housing crisis bubble burst in 1992, Japan's interest rates sank to near zero.  Coupled with gigantic savings accumulated over decades from overseas surpluses, and soaring yen, Japan tried a number of measures to weaken its currency.  First it began to buy up properties overseas, such as the Rockefeller Center in New York City in 1990, as well as investing in US corporate bonds.  After huge property losses, it gave that up.   Another was state intervention BOJ in foreign exchange reserves, which it ultimately gave up in 2004 after accumulating nearly a trillion dollars.  Japan also invested directly in Fannie Mae and other mortgage bonds, holding close to a trillion dollars in those bonds.   Yet another measure was to loan out hoards of money to US and European banks at zero percent rates, which began in earnest in 2004, also known as the massive carry trade (via yen-denominated bank loans to overseas investors).  US and European banks then loaned this money out to home owners in America, as well as big property investors in the Middle East.  This effectively kept the yen at 120 or weaker levels to the dollar.

Endaka was tipped off again in 2008. The yen moved from the floating near 120 to floating near 90.  This is thought to be the first time endaka contributed to a worldwide recession, instead of just a Japanese recession.  While the proximate cause of the recession is widely thought to be an increase in credit defaults (largely outside Japan) causing a loss in confidence in the credit markets (a credit crisis), the yen was funding these investments through the carry trade, where loans were made at near zero interest rates in yen to finance the purchase of non-yen debts which had higher interest rates.  As the value of the yen increased, the trillions of dollars' worth of carry trade buildup over years swiftly reversed in a matter of days, and there was pressure to sell these assets to cover the more expensive yen loans, thus decreasing the available credit and accelerating the crisis.  By 2011, the yen had touched 81.1129 per USD.

Gary Dorsch of Global Money Trends estimated in 2008 that US$6 trillion (¥610 trillion) was involved in yen carry trade.

Japan saw renewed endaka after the massive 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, briefly hitting 75.5 to the dollar.  Again, after the 2011 U.S. debt ceiling crisis, the yen slowly but surely climbed its way back to after tsunami highs.  The yen remains under immense pressure due to accumulated wealth from overseas and a current account surplus, despite a $5–10 billion recurring monthly hit due to imported fossil fuels after a nuclear shutdown.  In addition, now that China is looking to diversify its $3 trillion of foreign exchange into yen, a weakening Japanese yen is limited by Chinese purchases, coupled with the European sovereign-debt crisis, and US stuck in mortgage crisis, making prospects for significant yen weakening very unlikely.

Timeline
1971: The Smithsonian Agreement revalued the yen from 360 to 308 per dollar.
1973–1: The yen was weakened during the energy crisis.
1978: The yen was strengthened to 180 per dollar, resulting in the first endaka.
1979–1984: yen remained between 200–250 per dollar.
1985: The Plaza Accord revalued the yen from 250 to 160 per dollar.
1986–1988: yen further strengthened to 120 per dollar, resulting in the second endaka.
1989–1995: yen fluctuated between 100 and 160 per dollar.
1995: yen surged to a then-postwar high of 79 per dollar, resulting in endaka fukyo.
1997: Asian financial crisis, yen fell to 147 per dollar.
1997–2004: The Bank of Japan fights yen appreciation, surging foreign exchange reserves, ballooning national debt and the endaka fukyo.
2004: The Bank of Japan abandons active intervention, promotes yen carry trades.
August 2008: The yen strengthened on oil collapse. This sets off a carry trade reversal which cut $5.9 trillion of yen carry and $1.2 trillion of yen loans (7.1 trillion USD), adding to a severe international credit crunch which set off a global financial crisis.
2010: The 2010 European sovereign debt crisis caused the yen to rise to a nine-year high against the euro, rising up to 107 per euro.
2022: The yen weakens to 145 per dollar, prompting intervention by the Bank of Japan to stabilize exchange rates.

See also
 Carry (investment)

External links
 Quantifying the Yen Carry

References

Finance in Japan
Foreign exchange market
International macroeconomics
Foreign trade of Japan


Sandwich Road railway station was a railway station on the East Kent Light Railway. It opened in May 1925 and closed to passenger traffic on 1 November 1928. There were plans to extend to Richboro Port railway station but permission to run passenger services north of Sandwich Road was not granted by His Majesty's Railway Inspectorate due to the poor state of repair of the bridge over the Southern Railway and River Stour. The platform was north of the road and a passing loop was south of the road. The station officially closed completely on 1 January 1950 although its use may have ceased earlier.

References

Sources

Sandwich, Kent
Disused railway stations in Kent
Former East Kent Light Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1925
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1928


Angoss Software Corporation, headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with offices in the United States and UK, acquired by Datawatch and now owned by Altair, was a provider of predictive analytics systems through software licensing and services. Angoss' customers represent industries including finance, insurance, mutual funds, retail, health sciences, telecom and technology. The company was founded in 1984, and publicly traded on the TSX Venture Exchange from 2008-2013 under the ticker symbol ANC.

In June 2013, the private equity firm Peterson Partners acquired Angoss for $8.4 million.

Software
 KnowledgeREADER is an integrated customer intelligence product combining visual text discovery and predictive analytics for customer experience management.
 KnowledgeSEEKER is a data mining product. Its features include data profiling, data visualization and decision tree analysis. It was first released in 1990.
 KnowledgeSTUDIO is a data mining and predictive analytics suite for the model development and deployment cycle. Its features include data profiling, data visualization, decision tree analysis, predictive modeling, implementation, scoring, validation, monitoring and scorecard development.
 KnowledgeEXCELERATOR is a visual data discovery software and prediction tool for business analysts and knowledge workers.
 StrategyBUILDER is an add-on module for KnowledgeSEEKER and KnowledgeSTUDIO and is a product to design, verify, and deploy predictive and business rules.

Services
 FundGUARD is software as a service for marketing, sales targeting and predictive leads for mutual funds and wealth management companies.
 ClaimGUARD is a fraud and abuse detection service.
 Cloud on demand Software is offered for KnowledgeSEEKER, KnowledgeSTUDIO and its text analytics module.
 KnowledgeSCORE for Salesforce.com customer relationship management is a forecasting and predictive sales analytics system for Salesforce users.

See also
 List of statistical packages
 Predictive analytics

See also
FICO

References

External links

Companies formerly listed on the TSX Venture Exchange
Software companies of Canada
Companies established in 1993
Data mining and machine learning software
1993 establishments in Canada
Software companies established in 1993


The YJ-62 () is a Chinese subsonic anti-ship cruise missile. It is manufactured by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Third Academy.

Description

In a September 2014 article published in Joint Forces Quarterly, the YJ-62 is credited with a  warhead, a speed of , and a sea-skimming terminal attack height of 7–10 metres; The missile has an inertial guidance system using GPS and BeiDou data, and an active terminal sensor. A 2017 China Maritime Studies Institute (CSMI) report credits the active radar seeker with an acquisition range of .

In 2015, the United States Navy's Office of Naval Intelligence considered the YJ-62 to have longer range than the  of the C-602 export version, Figures of at least 400 km have been given. The 2017 CSMI report notes that such long range suggests that the missile receives targeting from other platforms. YJ-62A is credited with a range of up to .

The missile is deployed aboard Type 052C destroyers, and by coastal defence units using three-round transporter erector launchers.

C-602
The C-602 is the export version of the YJ-62, claimed to have a range of 280 km, a  semi-armour-piercing warhead, and GPS guidance. The reduced range is in accordance with Missile Technology Control Regime restrictions.

The C-602 was revealed in September 2005, and displayed outside of China for the first time at the African Aerospace and Defence exhibition in 2006.

CM-602G
The CM-602G is a land-attack version of the C-602. It is advertised as having a range of , a  penetrating blast/fragmentation warhead, and an inertial guidance system using GPS data which may be augmented to provide man-in-the-loop control.

The missile was revealed at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in 2012.

Operators

People's Liberation Army Navy
Type 052C destroyer
People's Liberation Army Navy Coastal Defense Force: 120+

Naval Strategic Forces Command: C-602 used in coastal defence role; Pakistani military designation Zarb.

References

See also
CJ-10 cruise missile - Similar land-attack cruise missile operated by the PLA Second Artillery Corps, unveiled in 2009

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-surface missiles
Anti-ship cruise missiles of the People's Republic of China
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Morombe (Latin: Moromben(sis)) is a diocese located in the Ecclesiastical province of Toliara in Madagascar. The episcopal see is in the city of Morombe.

History
On April 25, 1960, Pope John XXIII established the Diocese of Morombe by partitioning the Diocese of Morondava. The new diocese contained the districts of Manja, Beroroha, Morombe, and Ankazoabo. Joseph Zimmermann, M.S.F., was the first bishop. , the diocese included 200 primary schools, seven secondary schools, and seven missionary hospitals.

Leadership
 Bishops of Morombe (Roman rite)
 Bishop Joseph Zimmermann, M.S.F. (28 May 1960 – 4 December 1988)
 Bishop Alwin Albert Hafner, M.S.F. (15 May 1989 – 15 July 2000)
 Bishop Zygmunt Robaszkiewicz, M.S.F. (24 April 2001 – 19 November 2022)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Madagascar

References

External links
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Madagascar
Christian organizations established in 1960
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1960 establishments in Madagascar
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Toliara


Nymphidianus () of Smyrna, was a Neoplatonist and sophist who lived in the time of the emperor Julian (c. 360 AD). He was the brother of Maximus. Julian, who was greatly attached to Maximus, made Nymphidianus his interpreter and Greek secretary, though he was more fit to write declamations and disputations than letters. Eunapius thought that Nymphidianus was a worthy sophist even though he had not been educated at Athens (where Eunapius had been educated). Nymphidianus survived his brother Maximus, and died at an advanced age.

References
Eunapius, Vita Sophistae

4th-century Greek philosophers
Neoplatonists
Roman-era Sophists
Ancient Smyrnaeans
Philosophers of ancient Ionia


WULA (1240 AM) was a radio station licensed to serve Eufaula, Alabama.  The station was last owned by JDK Radio, LLC.

History
The station began broadcasting in 1948, holding the call sign WULA, and was owned by Alabama-Georgia Broadcasters.

The station was assigned the WNRA call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on August 26, 2011. On April 12, 2016, the station changed its call sign back to its historical WULA.  WULA was no longer under the programming control of Dave or Berniece Hedrick.  On March 15, 2016, Dwayne and Kaitlin Lee of Daystar Media Group LLC entered into an LMA/TBA (Time Brokerage Agreement) with Licensee Stanley Griffin of Sound Ideas (formerly Big Fish).

AM 1240 WULA was home to both PRN and MRN racing, Salem Radio Network, Bill Gaither Homecoming, Front Porch Fellowship, and a plethora of local Christian and Sports programming. It was also the official home of Eufaula High School Athletics and Alabama Crimson Tide, while its sister station WYDK 97.9 FM hosted Auburn.

On September 2, 2016, WULA went silent. Its license was cancelled on September 12, 2019.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWULA (Facility ID: 36308)
FCC History Cards for WULA (covering 1946-1981)

ULA
Radio stations established in 1948
1948 establishments in Alabama
Radio stations disestablished in 2019
2019 disestablishments in Alabama
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
ULA


Richboro Port railway station was constructed by the East Kent Light Railway, as part of its branch to Richborough Port, which never opened to passengers. Authorisation to operate a passenger service over the branch was never requested by the East Kent as it considered that the Port had first to develop before expenses could be outlaid on improving the branch's bridges over the Southern Railway and River Stour, which His Majesty's Railway Inspectorate would no doubt have required before giving its consent. The station was named Richboro Port, dropping the "ugh" off the end of Richborough, as witnessed by the nameboard on the station and contemporary maps.

History
In 1911, the East Kent Light Railway obtained a Light Railways Order authorising the construction of a number of lines, among which was "Railway No. 1" from Shepherdswell to Stonar on the River Stour. Covering a total distance of , Railway No. 1 was intended to provide the collieries being sunk at Guilford and Tilmanstone with the means to bring in construction materials and to allow coal to be shipped out once mining started. A subsequent Railways Order in 1920 authorised "Railway No. 28", a  spur from Stonar to Lord Greville's Wharf.

To complete the line, bridges would have to be constructed over the River Stour and the South Eastern and Chatham Railway's Deal to Minster line. An easement for a bridge over the SECR's line was agreed in November 1913 and formal consent was given by its successor, the Southern Railway, in 1924. Progress on the construction of Railway No. 1 beyond  was however slow due to the East Kent's financial difficulties and the military importance of Stonar during the First World War. Preparatory work on the construction of the bridges across the Southern and the Stour began in 1923 and 1924; although the completion date of the bridge is unknown, it was built as a fixed bridge without the opening span that had been stipulated in the original authorisation. The Board of Trade subsequently gave its approval for the bridge. The first record of traffic through to Lord Greville's Wharf occurred in April 1929.

Although a passenger platform was erected at Lord Greville's Wharf (also known as Richborough Port), no passenger trains ever called there nor were authorised to do so. The East Kent may have only considered seeking authorisation if the Port had developed, which would have justified the improvements which would undoubtedly have been required by the Ministry to Transport to be made to the Stour bridge.  An intermittent passenger service between Eastry and  had been introduced between 1925 and 1 November 1928, the intention having been to extend the service through to the new platform at Richboro Port if this was seen as having traffic potential. In the event, as only piecemeal development took place at the Port, the East Kent had no real incentive to encourage a passenger service on the branch. The short platform was built of cinders with a wooden sleeper face and a white-painted wooden platform edging. Passenger facilities consisted of a plank seat, nameboard, two lamp posts and a fence running along the back which was made of wooden posts and, allegedly, old locomotive tubes. The station's nameboard indicated that it was called Richboro Port; no tickets are believed to have been printed for it. The station was in a desolate and windswept location and had the distinction of being the only East Kent station not to be situated on Railways No. 1 and No. 2. Certain sources give the intended opening date of the station as  but this could be a reference to the date of erection of the platform.

The East Kent's Richborough branch was lifted in 1952, although the tracks over the Stour bridge are known to have been severed at an unknown date during the Second World War. Orders were issued for the bridge's demolition but this was not carried out. It had gone by 1987.

Present day
No traces of the station remain. The station site is now comprised in the car park of Pfizer Global Research and Development on the west side of the A256 Ramsgate Road.

References

Notes

Sources

Disused railway stations in Kent
Former East Kent Light Railway stations
Unbuilt railway stations in the United Kingdom


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Morondava () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of Toliara (one of five in Madagascar), yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the (Marian) Cathédrale Maria Manjaka Namahora, in the city of Morondava, Toliara province.

Statistics
As per 2014, it pastorally served 54,895 Catholics (9.8% of 560,000 total) on 45,200 km2 in 17 parishes and 26 missions with 42 priests (8 diocesan, 34 religious), 156 lay religious (39 brothers, 117 sisters) and 20 seminarians.

History
 Established on January 8, 1938 as Apostolic Prefecture of Morondava, on territories split off from the then Apostolic Vicariate of Fianarantsoa, Apostolic Vicariate of Majunga and Apostolic Vicariate of Tananarive
 On 1939.03.15 it gained territory from Mission sui juris of Miarinarivo.
 Promoted on September 14, 1955 as Diocese of Morondava
 Lost territories, twice : on 1960.04.25 to establish the Diocese of Morombe and on 2017.02.08 (with two other sees) to establish Diocese of Maintirano.

Ordinaries
(all Roman rite, so far -mostly European missionary- members of Latin congregations)

Apostolic Prefects of Morondava
 Father Joseph-Paul Futy, LaSalette Missionaries (M.S.) (born France) (1938 – 1947.02.13); later Titular Bishop of Aspendus (1947.02.13 – death 1956.08.12) as Apostolic Vicar of Antsirabe (Madagascar) (1947.02.13 – retired 1955.03)
 Father Stefano Garon, M.S. (1947.07.04 – death 1954)
 Father Paul J. Girouard, M.S. (born USA) (1954 – 1955.09.14 see below).

 Suffragan Bishops of Morondava
 Paul J. Girouard, M.S. (see above 1955.09.14 – death 1964.02.18)
 Bernard Charles Ratsimamotoana, M.S. (1964.09.29 – retired 1998.08.08), died 2005
 Donald Joseph Leo Pelletier, M.S. (born USA) (1999.10.15 - retired 2010.02.26)
 Marie Fabien Raharilamboniaina, Teresian Carmelites (O.C.D.) (2010.02.26 - ...), also Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Madagascar (2012? – ...).

See also
 List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Madagascar
 Roman Catholicism in Madagascar

Sources and external links
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Madagascar
Christian organizations established in 1938
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1938 establishments in Madagascar
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Toliara


WKTO (88.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Edgewater, Florida, United States, the station serves the Daytona Beach area.  The station is owned by Mims Community Radio, Inc.

History
WKTO submitted an application to the FCC in 1989. It received a permit to construct and go on the air in 1997, and began broadcasting in 1998.
In 1989, a Baptist church in Samsula had volunteered the use of some of its land for a tower. However, as time passed, church plans changed and a Christian businessman, Mr. Richard Crunkilton, offered his  ranch for WKTO's 300' tower, until selling the land in 2006.
Responding to a newspaper article, Dr. Bill Sharp invited the station to put the studio and control room in the Christian Life Center, then on Tenth Street, in New Smyrna Beach.

References

External links

Moody Radio affiliate stations
Radio stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Florida
KTO


The 2008 Champions Tour was the 29th season for the golf tour now known as PGA Tour Champions since it officially began in 1980 as the Senior PGA Tour. The season consisted of 29 official money events with purses totalling $55,625,000, including five majors. Bernhard Langer and Eduardo Romero won the most tournaments, three. The tournament results, leaders, and award winners are listed below.

Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 2008 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Senior majors are shown in bold.

Leaders
Scoring Average leaders

Source:

Money List leaders

Source:

Career Money List leaders

Source:

Awards

See also
Champions Tour awards
Champions Tour records

References

External links
PGA Tour Champions official site

PGA Tour Champions seasons
Champions Tour


, provisional designation , is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately  in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1989, by Japanese astronomers Nobuhiro Kawasato and Tsutomu Hioki at the Okutama Observatory  in Japan. The asteroid has a tentative rotation period of 3.1 hours.

Orbit and classification

The assumed stony S-type is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,527 days; semi-major axis of 2.6 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.

Its first observation was a precovery taken at the Palomar Observatory on 30 September 1989, extending the asteroid's observation arc by just 9 days prior to its official discovery observation.

Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999. As of 2018, it has not been named.

Physical characteristics

Diameter and albedo

The asteroid was predicted to cross the focal plane array of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS). However, it was missed on each of its seven planned observation and was never detected. According to the "missed predictions file" of the supplemental IRAS minor planet survey (SIMPS), the body was expected to have a diameter of 13.5 kilometers and an absolute magnitude of 13.20.

Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.99, and an assumed standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20, the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link calculated a much smaller diameter of 4.7 kilometers, which agrees with a diameter of 4.1 kilometers, found by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission.

Rotation period

In October 2010, a rotational lightcurve for this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. It rendered a tentative rotation period of  hours with a brightness variation of 0.08 in magnitude ().

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

009942
Discoveries by Tsutomu Hioki
Discoveries by Nobuhiro Kawasato
19891008


The huge moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Pabulatrix
Pachetra
Pachnobia
Pachyagrotis
Pachycoa
Pachygnathesis
Pachyplastis
Pachypolia
Pachythrix
Pacidara
Paectes
Paetica
Pagyra
Paida
Pais
Palada
Palaeagrotis
Palaeamathes
Palaechthona
Palaeocoleus
Palaeographa
Palaeoplusia
Palaeosafia
Palindia
Palindiona
Palkermes
Pallachira
Palpangula
Palpidia
Palpirectia
Palponima
Palthis
Palthisomis
Palura
Palyna
Pamirorea
Pamparama
Panarenia
Panchrysia
Pancra
Pandesma
Panemeria
Pangrapta
Pangraptella
Pangraptica
Panilla
Panoblemma
Panolis
Panopoda
Pansemna
Pantura
Pantydia
Panula
Paonidia
Papaipema
Papestra
Papuacola
Parabagrotis
Parabarrovia
Parabole
Parabrachionycha
Parabrachylomia
Parabryophila
Paracaroides
Paracarsia
Paraceliptera
Paracentropus
Parachabora
Parachaea
Parachalciope
Paracodia
Paracoeria
Paracolax
Paracretonia
Paracroma
Paracroria
Paracullia
Paradiarsia
Paradiopa
Paradrina
Paraegle
Paraegocera
Parafodina
Paragabara
Paragarista
Paragona
Paragonitis
Paragria
Paragrotis
Parahypenodes
Paralectra
Paralephana
Parallelia
Parallelura
Paralopha
Paralophata
Paramathes
Paramiana
Paramimetica
Paramocis
Paranagia
Paranataelia
Parangitia
Paranicla
Paranoctua
Paranoratha
Paranyctycia
Parapadna
Parapamea
Paraperplexia
Parargidia
Pararothia
Parasada
Parascotia
Parasimyra
Parasiopsis
Parasoloe
Parastenopterygia
Parastichtis
Parathermes
Paratolna
Paratrachea
Paratuerta
Paraviminia
Paraxestia
Parca
Parelectra
Parelia
Parerastria
Pareuchalcia
Pareuplexia
Pareuxoa
Pareuxoina
Parexarnis
Parhypena
Pariambia
Parilyrgis
Paroligia
Parolulis
Paromphale
Parora
Parorena
Paroruza
Parosmia
Parothria
Parsyngrapha
Parvablemma
Parvapenna
Paryrias
Pasipeda
Pastona
Pataeta
Paucgraphia
Paurophylla
Paurosceles
Paventia
Pechipogo
Pectinidia
Pectinifera
Pediarcha
Pelamia
Pelecia
Peliala
Pelodesis
Pelodia
Peltothis
Pemphigostola
Penicillaria
Penisa
Pennalticola
Penza
Peosina
Peperina
Peperita
Peraniana
Peranomogyna
Peranua
Perasia
Perata
Percalpe
Perciana
Periambia
Periconta
Pericyma
Peridroma
Peridrome
Perigea
Perigeodes
Perigonica
Perigrapha
Perinaenia
Periopta
Periphanes
Periphrage
Peripyra
Periscepta
Perissandria
Perloplusia
Peropalpus
Perophiusa
Perplexhadena
Persectania
Persidia
Perta
Perynea
Pessida
Petalumaria
Peteroma
Petilampa
Petrowskya
Peucephila
Phachthia
Phaegorista
Phaenagrotis
Phaeoblemma
Phaeocyma
Phaeomorpha
Phaeopyra
Phaeoscia
Phaeozona
Phagytra
Phaioecia
Phalaenoides
Phalaenophana
Phalaenostola
Phalerodes
Phalga
Phanaspa
Pharga
Phasidia
Pherechoa
Phialta
Phibromia
Phidrimana
Philareta
Philecia
Philippodamias
Philochrysia
Philogethes
Philomma
Philona
Philorgyia
Phimodium
Phleboeis
Phlegetonia
Phlogochroa
Phlogophora
Phlyctaina
Phoberia
Phobolosia
Phoebophilus
Phoenicophanta
Phoperigea
Phorica
Phornacisa
Phosphila
Photedes
Phragmatiphila
Phrictia
Phrodita
Phumana
Phuphena
Phurys
Phycidimorpha
Phycoma
Phycopterus
Phylapora
Phyllodes
Phyllophila
Phyprosopus
Physetica
Physula
Physulodes
Phytometra
Piada
Piala
Piana
Pilipectus
Pilosocrures
Pimprana
Pinacia
Pinacoplus
Pincia
Pindara
Pinkericola
Pippona
Piratisca
Pitara
Pityolita
Placerobela
Placonia
Plagerepne
Plagideicta
Plagiomimicus
Plantea
Plasmaticus
Platagarista
Platagrotis
Plataplecta
Plathypena
Platydasys
Platyja
Platyjionia
Platyperigea
Platypolia
Platyprosopa
Platyscia
Platysenta
Plaxia
Plecoptera
Plecopterodes
Plecopteroides
Pleonectopoda
Pleonotrocta
Pleromella
Pleromelloida
Pleuromnema
Pleurona
Pleuronodes
Plexiphleps
Plumipalpia
Plusia
Plusidia
Plusilla
Plusiodonta
Plusiopalpa
Plusiophaes
Plusiotricha
Pluxilloides
Plynteria
Poaphila
Podagra
Poecopa
Poena
Poenomia
Poenopsis
Poeonoma
Poesula
Poeta
Pogopus
Polacanthopoda
Polenta
Polia
Policocnemis
Poliobrya
Poliodestra
Poliofoca
Polionycta
Polychrysia
Polydesma
Polydesmiola
Polygnamptia
Polygoniodes
Polygrammate
Polygrapta
Polymixis
Polyorycta
Polyphaenis
Polypogon
Polysciera
Polytela
Polytelodes
Ponometia
Poporthosia
Poppaea
Porosagrotis
Porosana
Porphyrinia
Porrima
Poteriophora
Potnyctycia
Powellinia
Pradatta
Pradiota
Praestilbia
Praina
Prasinopyra
Praxis
Premusia
Prenanthcucullia
Pricomia
Prionofrontia
Prionoptera
Prionopterina
Prionoxanthia
Pristanepa
Pristoceraea
Proannaphila
Prochloridea
Procoeria
Proconis
Procrateria
Procriosis
Procus
Prodenia
Prodicella
Prodosia
Prodotis
Prognorisma
Progonia
Prolitha
Prolophota
Proluta
Prolymnia
Prolyncestis
Prometopus
Prominea
Promionides
Promonia
Pronoctua
Pronotestra
Propatria
Propenistra
Properigea
Propolymixis
Prorachia
Proragrotis
Prorivula
Proroblemma
Prorocopis
Proruaca
Proschora
Proscrana
Proseniella
Prosoparia
Prospalta
Prostheta
Protadisura
Protagrotis
Protarache
Protarchanara
Proteinania
Proteuxoa
Protexarnis
Protheodes
Prothrinax
Protocryphia
Protodeltote
Protogygia
Protolampra
Protoleucania
Protomeceras
Protomeroleuca
Protomiselia
Protoperigea
Protophana
Protorthodes
Protoschinia
Protoschrankia
Protoseudyra
Prototrachea
Provia
Proxenus
Psammathodoxa
Psaphara
Psaphida
Psectraglaea
Psectraxylia
Psectrotarsia
Psephea
Pseudacidalia
Pseudacontia
Pseudaglossa
Pseudagoma
Pseudalea
Pseudalelimma
Pseudaletia
Pseudalypia
Pseudamathes
Pseudanarta
Pseudanchoscelis
Pseudanthoecia
Pseudanthracia
Pseudaporophyla
Pseudapospasta
Pseudarista
Pseudathetis
Pseudathyrma
Pseudbarydia
Pseudcraspedia
Pseudelaeodes
Pseudelyptron
Pseudenargia
Pseudephyra
Pseudepunda
Pseuderastria
Pseuderiopus
Pseudeustrotia
Pseudeva
Pseudhypsa
Pseudina
Pseudinodes
Pseudoarcte
Pseudobendis
Pseudobryomima
Pseudobryophila
Pseudocerura
Pseudochalcia
Pseudochropleura
Pseudocoarica
Pseudocopicucullia
Pseudocopivaleria
Pseudodeltoida
Pseudodeltote
Pseudodichromia
Pseudogerespa
Pseudogiria
Pseudoglaea
Pseudogonitis
Pseudogyrtona
Pseudohadena
Pseudohemiceras
Pseudohermonassa
Pseucoleucania
Pseudoligia
Pseudolimacodes
Pseudomecia
Pseudomicra
Pseudomicrodes
Pseudomniotype
Pseudonycterophaeta
Pseudopais
Pseudopanolis
Pseudophisma
Pseudophyllophila
Pseudophyx
Pseudoplusia
Pseudopolia
Pseudopseustis
Pseudorgyia
Pseudorthodes
Pseudorthosia
Pseudoschrankia
Pseudoseptis
Pseudosiccia
Pseudospaelotis
Pseudosphetta
Pseudospiris
Pseudostella
Pseudotamila
Pseudotolna
Pseudotryphia
Pseudotuerta
Pseudoxestia
Pseudoxylomoea
Pseudozalissa
Pseudozarba
Pseudugia
Pseudypsia
Pseudyrias
Psilomonodes
Psimada
Psorya
Psychomorpha
Pteraetholix
Pterhemia
Pterochaeta
Pterocyclophora
Pteronycta
Pteroprista
Pteroscia
Ptichodis
Ptochosiphla
Ptyophora
Ptyopterota
Ptyornyncha
Puercala
Pulcheria
Pumora
Purbia
Puriplusia
Purpurschinia
Pusillathetis
Putagrotis
Pycnodontis
Pygmeopolia
Pygopteryx
Pyralidesthes
Pyraloides
Pyralomorpha
Pyramarista
Pyramidcampa
Pyreferra
Pyrgeia
Pyrgion
Pyripnoa
Pyroblemma
Pyrocleptria
Pyrois
Pyrrhia
Pyrrhidivalva

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuid genera P


Rafik Halliche (born 2 September 1986) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

He started playing in 2005 with Hussein Dey, going on to spend the vast majority of his career in Portugal. He also had abroad spells in England with Fulham and in Qatar.

An Algerian international since 2008, Halliche represented the nation in two World Cups and four Africa Cup of Nations, winning the 2019 edition of the latter tournament.

Club career

Early years
Born in Algiers, Halliche began playing football at the age of seven with CREPS Ben Aknoun. After seven years with the club he joined the junior ranks of NA Hussein Dey, making his senior debut on 30 January 2006 in a league match against Paradou AC, coming on as a substitute in the 74th minute.

Nacional
In the January 2008 transfer window, Halliche received interest from several French sides, including AJ Auxerre and Valenciennes FC. However, on 30 January, he signed a four-year contract with Portugal's S.L. Benfica, which immediately loaned him to fellow Primeira Liga team C.D. Nacional until the end of the season.

On 30 March 2008, Halliche made his debut for Nacional, coming on at half-time in a 2–0 home league win against U.D. Leiria. He would go on to make two more appearances as a starter before going back to Benfica at the end of the loan, which was then extended for the entirety of 2008–09 and also the following campaign.

Fulham
On 16 August 2010, Halliche was reported to be linked with a move to Premier League club Fulham, for £1.3 million. The following week, Benfica confirmed the sale of the player, who signed a three-year deal for an undisclosed fee.

Halliche made his official début 8 January 2011, replacing Brede Hangeland in the FA Cup's third round tie against Peterborough United: he conceded a penalty in the 85th minute for tripping Craig Mackail-Smith, in an eventual 6–2 win. His first league appearance came on the 22nd, again from the bench (for Aaron Hughes), in a 2–0 home victory over Stoke City.

Swansea City made a successful loan bid for Halliche during the 2011 summer transfer window, but several weeks after the deadline, FIFA denied international clearance to Swansea for both his move and Darnel Situ's move from RC Lens, leaving the defender as a Fulham player subject to an appeal by the Welsh side.

On 6 December 2011, Halliche went on a week-long trial with Celtic in the Scottish Premier League, but nothing came of it. On 31 August of the following year, Fulham confirmed that the player's contract had been terminated by mutual consent.

Académica
Halliche returned to Portugal on 31 August 2012, signing a two-year deal with Académica de Coimbra. During his spell, he battled for first-choice status with Aníbal Capela and João Real.

Qatar SC
On 13 July 2014, Halliche signed for Qatar SC.

International career
Halliche made his debut for Algeria on 31 May 2008 against Senegal, replacing Anthar Yahia in the 75th minute. On 18 November 2009 he started in the decisive tie-breaker against Egypt for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, as the national side won 1–0 in Sudan and returned to the FIFA World Cup 24 years after their last presence.

Halliche was also summoned for the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola: he kept the national side's qualification hopes alive after scoring the only goal in a win against Mali, after a loss to Malawi in the opener. In the semi-finals he was sent off in the first half after being given two yellow cards, the last one also resulting in a penalty, in a 0–4 loss to Egypt.

Halliche was picked to represent Algeria in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, playing all the matches and minutes as the national side only conceded two goals in the group stage, but finished last in their group after failing to score once. He was also selected to the following edition by coach Vahid Halilhodžić, as captain, and contributed decisively to a 4–2 group victory over South Korea on 22 June, heading home from a corner kick for his country's second goal.

Career statistics

International

Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Halliche goal.

Honours
Algeria
Africa Cup of Nations: 2019

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Kabyle people
Footballers from Algiers
Algerian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
NA Hussein Dey players
Primeira Liga players
S.L. Benfica footballers
C.D. Nacional players
Académica de Coimbra (football) players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Moreirense F.C. players
Premier League players
Fulham F.C. players
Qatar Stars League players
Qatari Second Division players
Qatar SC players
Algeria men's youth international footballers
Algeria men's under-23 international footballers
Algeria men's international footballers
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
Algerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in England
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
21st-century Algerian people


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Fenoarivo Atsinanana () is a diocese located in the city of Fenoarivo Atsinanana in the Ecclesiastical province of Toamasina in Madagascar.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale Saint Maurice, in the city of Fenoarivo Atsinanana, Toamasina Province.

History
 October 30, 2000: Established as Diocese of Fenoarivo Atsinanana from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Antsiranana

Leadership
 Bishops of Fenoarivo Atsinanana(Roman rite)
 Bishop Désiré Tsarahazana (October 30, 2000 - February 10, 2009), appointed Bishop of Toamasina; future Cardinal
 Bishop Marcellin Randriamamonjy (February 10, 2009 – present)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Madagascar

References
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Madagascar
Christian organizations established in 2000
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Toamasina
2000 establishments in Madagascar


WHOG-FM (95.7 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Ormond-By-The-Sea, Florida, the station serves the Daytona Beach metropolitan area.  The station is owned by Southern Stone Communications.  The radio studios and offices are on LPGA Boulevard in Daytona Beach.  WHOG-FM plays a mix of classic rock of the 1970s and 1980s as well as 1990s and early 2000s rock.

The station has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 48,000 watts.  The transmitter is off Wesley Street in Daytona Beach.  WHOG-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  The digital subchannel of WHOG-FM-HD2 plays urban contemporary music, and is known as "Hot 94.1 Daytona".  It feeds FM translator W231CN at 94.1 MHz.

History
WHOG was acquired in 1996 from Root Communications as radio station WTSM changing the call letters and format. WTSM was operating as a Westwood One 1970s format station. Black Crow Media would later change its format to classic rock.

In late 2008, WHOG-FM dropped the "Classic Rock" designation and started classifying itself as simply "Rock Radio".

In January 2013, ownership of WHOG-FM was transferred to Southern Stone Communications.

References

External links

HOG-FM
Radio stations established in 1995
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
1995 establishments in Florida


500cc Grand Prix, one of the first French-made games, is a motorcycle racing game developed by Microïds and released in 1987 on multiple platforms, including the Amstrad CPC, Microsoft DOS, Commodore 64, and the Atari ST. The game included a multiplayer mode, considered by magazines to be the technology of the future.

Gameplay

The game provides a two-player split-screen mode and three levels of general difficulty. Players can choose between the training mode, a single Grand Prix, or the World Championship.

During a race, the screen is split into two vertical halves showing the point of view of two racers. In single-player mode, one screen has the player's motorcycle, while the other has a motorcycle controlled by the computer. In two-player mode, each player is given one side of the screen. The camera is positioned in the third person perspective behind the bike, with a Heads Up Display showing various indicators. The controls consist of accelerating, braking, steering (pushed at two different inclinations), and gear changing between the four available gears. In the event of an accident or crash, the player is penalized and will restart immediately from a stationary position where they crashed.

In training mode, there are only two laps and two racers per circuit; contrary to a single Grand Prix, there are nine laps and six racers — four racers for the C64 version — for each circuit. The game contains a total of twelve available circuits, inspired by those of real life. In the DOS and Atari ST versions, there is a save mode after every race.

In the World Championship mode, the player or players must run all twelve circuits with the aim of obtaining a final classification or score based on their placements across all twelve races. Similar to the Grand Prix mode, each circuit contains nine laps with six participating motorcycles — again, with the C64 having four — and there is a save mode after each race in the DOS and Atari ST versions.

Reception

The first French-produced game was mentioned twice in the French magazine Jeux & Stratégie.

References

External links

Microïds
Play 500cc Grand Prix online
500cc Grand Prix at thelegacy.de/Museum

1987 video games
Microïds games
Racing video games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Europe-exclusive video games
Video games developed in France
Grand Prix motorcycle racing


This list is of deserted medieval villages (DMVs), "shrunken" villages and other settlements known to have been "lost" or significantly reduced in size over the centuries. There are estimated to be as many as 3,000 DMVs in England alone. (Grid references are given, where known.)
Achurch
Althorp
Appletree
Armston
Astwell
Astwick
Badsaddle
Barford
Boughton
Braunston Cleves or Fawcliff
Braunstonbury
Brime
Brockhall
Burghley
Calme
Caswell
Canons Ashby (Ascebi)
Cotes
Coton
Cotton near Grendon
Cotton Mill
Cotton Mallows
Chilcote
Churchfield
Church Charwelton
Doddington Thorpe
Downtown
Eaglethorpe
Eastern Neston
Edgcote
Elmington in Ashton
Elmington in Tansor
Elkington
Falcutt
Fawsley
Foscote
Faxton
Field Burcote
Foxley
Furtho
Glassthorpe
Glendon
Great Purston
Hale
Holdenby
Horton
Hothorpe
Kelmarsh
Kingsthorpe
Kirby
Kirby in Blakesley
Kirby in Gretton
Knuston
Lilford
Little Creaton
Little Newton
Little Oxendon
Lolham
Lower Catesby
Mawsley
Milton
Murcott
Muscott
Nether Catesby
Newbottle
Newbottle in Harrington
Nobold
Nobottle
Nunton
Papley
Perio
Pipewell
Potcote
Preston Deanery
Onley
Overstone
Rushton Saint Peter
Seawell
Sibberton
Silsworth
Snorscomb
Stanford
Steane
Strixton
Stuchbury
Sulby
Thorpe
Thorpe Lubenham
Thrupp
Torpel
Trafford
Upper Catesby
Upton
Walcot
Walton
Winwick
Wolfhampcote
Woodcroft
Wothorpe
Wythmail

References

Lost settlements


Limonka, a Russian word meaning "little lemon", may refer to:

 F1 grenade (Russia), nicknamed limonka
 Limonka (newspaper), a National Bolshevik Party newspaper founded by Eduard Limonov
 Limonka (postage stamp), a 1925 Russian notable postage stamp

Limonka is also a Polish word for "Lime" (fruit).