In most legal systems of the Spanish-speaking world, the writ of  ("writ of protection"; also called , "appeal for protection", or , "judgement for protection") is a remedy for the protection of constitutional rights, found in certain jurisdictions. The  remedy or action is an effective and inexpensive instrument for the protection of individual rights.

, generally granted by a supreme or constitutional court, serves a dual protective purpose: it protects the citizen and their basic guarantees, and protects the constitution itself by ensuring that its principles are not violated by statutes or actions of the state that undermine the basic rights enshrined therein. It resembles, in some respects, constitutional remedies such as the  available in Colombia, the writ of security () in Brazil and the constitutional complaint () procedure found in Germany.

In many countries, an  action is intended to protect all rights that are not protected specifically by the constitution or by a special law with constitutional rank, such as the right to physical liberty, which may be protected instead by habeas corpus remedies. Thus, in the same way that habeas corpus guarantees physical freedom, and the "habeas data" protects the right of maintaining the integrity of one's personal information, the  protects other basic rights. It may therefore be invoked by any person who believes that any of his rights, implicitly or explicitly protected by the constitution, another law (or by applicable international treaties), is being violated.

Origins in Mexico
The Mexican amparo has inspired many and served as a model in other judicatures. In the Philippines, Chief Justice Reynato Puno noted that the model for amparo used there was borrowed from Mexico: the writ of amparo is a Mexican legal procedure to protect human rights. Amparo literally means "protection" in Spanish. De Tocqueville's Democracy in America became available in Mexico in 1837, and its description of judicial review practice in the U.S. appealed to many Mexican jurists. Mexican justice Manuel Crescencio Rejón, drafted a constitutional provision for his native state, Yucatán (threatening independence from Mexico), which empowered jurists to protect all persons in the enjoyment of their constitutional and legal rights. This was incorporated in 1847 into the national constitution. The great writ proliferated in the Western Hemisphere, slowly evolving into various fora. Amparo became, in the words of a Mexican Federal Supreme Court Justice, Mexico’s “task of conveying to the world's legal heritage that institution which, as a shield of human dignity, her own painful history conceived.”

Amparos evolution and metamorphosis had been witnessed, for several purposes: "(1) amparo de libertad for the protection of personal freedom, equivalent to the habeas corpus writ; (2) amparo contra leyes for the judicial review of the constitutionality of statutes; (3) amparo-casación for the judicial review of the constitutionality and legality of a judicial decision; (4) amparo administrativo for the judicial review of administrative actions; and (5) amparo agrario ejidal o comunal for the protection of peasants’ rights derived from the agrarian reform process."

Mexico's "recurso de amparo" is found in Articles 103 and 107 of the Mexican Constitution —the judicial review of governmental action—to empower state courts to protect individuals against state abuses. Amparo was sub-divided into five legal departments:
(a) the Liberty Amparo (amparo de libertad)
(b) the Constitutionality Amparo (amparo contra leyes)
(c) the Judicial or “Cassation” Amparo, aimed at the constitutionality of a judicial interpretation
(d) the Administrative Amparo (amparo como contencioso-administrativo); and
(e) the Agrarian Amparo (amparo en materia agraria, ejidal y comunal).

Extension to Latin America
Amparo was also legally enshrined in Latin American legal systems. It is now an extraordinary legal remedy in Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Brazil and Argentina.

Argentina
Amparo in Argentina is a limited, summary, emergency procedure, and merely supplementary, requiring previous exhaustion of administrative remedies before rendition of judgment of mandamus or injunction. The decision bars monetary awards and penal provisions except contempt or declaration of unconstitutionality. The 1994 constitution establishes the right to amparo in article 43.

Chile

In Chile, the term recurso de amparo ("amparo remedy") refers to what is known in comparative law as habeas corpus. Chile's equivalent of amparo is the recurso de protección ("protection remedy").

Colombia
In Colombia the Constitution of 1991 implemented a system named Acción de tutela (Tutelage action). The legal procedure resembles the Amparo law but is modified to be implemented in instances of imminent risk for any individual within the Colombian population. According to the Constitutional Court (Sentence T-451 of July 10, 1992) whether a right is to be judged as fundamental or not may be determined in a case-by-case basis; this means that the Constitution acknowledges that it can't be determined what are the corresponding fundamental rights therefore they may not only include the ones implicitly addressed by the Constitution of 1991 in Chapter I Title II.

Haiti
Jurists in Haiti, close to the Collectif des Juristes Progressistes Haitiens (Progressive Lawyers' Network), learning from the Filipino experience, are said to be preparing propositions for the Government to introduce a writ of amparo as a safeguard against frequent kidnappings and arbitrary arrests and torture cases.

Extension to the world
Universal Declaration of Human rights (UDHR)
The inclusion of human rights in the UDHR is largely attributable to Latin America and NGOs forcing its inclusion into the Charter of the United Nations, at the San Francisco Conference, after the Great Powers at Dumbarton Oaks had made only one reference to human rights. When the UDHR was negotiated, Mexico successfully had amparo included in the UDHR, as Article 8.

"Article 8 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law." The right to an effective remedy is included in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in its article 2, Paragraph 3:

3. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes:
(a) To ensure that any person whose rights or freedoms as herein recognized are violated shall have an effective remedy, notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity; (b) To ensure that any person claiming such a remedy shall have his right thereto determined by competent judicial, administrative or legislative authorities, or by any other competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, and to develop the possibilities of judicial remedy; (c) To ensure that the competent authorities shall enforce such remedies when granted.

This is usually referred to as the "substantive" procedural right, the flipside of the "fair procedure" contained in Article 14 of ICCPR.[In the USA the two together make up "due process"]

States ratifying ICCPR "undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant." (Article 2)

Therefore, when there is a gap between a state's amparo remedies and ICCPR, the state is obliged to adapt amparo up to ICCPR's minimum standards, unless there is a legitimate reservation when ratifying, or what is known as derogation, or limitation or restriction.

Limitations/restrictions must be authorised by the article itself: See Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation of Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Annex, UN Doc E/CN.4/1984/4 (1984)

Spain
Under the current Spanish Constitution of 1978, a writ of amparo may be filed by any natural or legal person, domestic or foreign, as well by the Public Prosecutor and the Ombudsman, at the Constitutional Court. Its function is to protect the rights enshrined in the constitution-the fundamental rights contained in the Preliminary Title and First Section of Chapter II of Title I, to protect rights recognized in the Articles 14 to 29 of the Constitution and as well as conscientious objection to military service under Article 30.

It is a subsidiary remedy that requires all alternative relevant avenues have been exhausted in ordinary courts before turning to the Constitutional Court.

The Philippines

The writs of amparo and habeas data are prerogative writs introduced in the Philippines to supplement the inefficacy of habeas corpus (Rule 102, Revised Rules of Court). Amparo means protection, while habeas data is access to information. Both writs were conceived to solve the extensive Philippine extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances since 1999.

On July 16, 2007, Philippine Chief Justice Reynato Puno and Justice Adolfo Azcuna officially declared the legal conception of the Philippine writ of amparo – "recurso de amparo", at the historic Manila Hotel National Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances.

On August 25, 2007, Reynato Puno (at the College of Law of Silliman University in Dumaguete) declared the legal conception of amparos twin, the supplemental Philippine Habeas Data. Puno by judicial fiat proclaimed the legal birth of these twin peremptory writs on October, 2007, as his legacy to the Filipino nation. Puno admitted the inefficacy of habeas corpus, under Rule 102, Rules of Court, since government officers repeatedly failed to produce the body upon mere submission of the defense of alibi.

By invoking the right to truth, habeas data will not only compel military and government agents to release information about the desaparecidos but require access to military and police files. Reynato Puno's writ of amparo—Spanish for protection—will bar military officers in judicial proceedings to issue denial answers regarding petitions on disappearances or extrajudicial executions, which were legally permitted in habeas corpus proceedings.

The Supreme Court of the Philippines announced that the draft guidelines (Committee on Revision of Rules) for the writ of amparo were approved on September 23, to be deliberated by the en banc court on September 25.

See also
Writ of security
Verfassungsbeschwerde
Habeas corpus

References

External links
The Argentine amparo
The Mexican amparo
"Amparo" from the Global Legal Information Network Subject Term Index

Bibliography

Law of Chile
Law of Mexico
Law of Spain
Judicial remedies
Law of El Salvador
Writs


Ashes to Ashes is a 1999 crime/thriller novel written by Tami Hoag. It is the first novel in the Kovac/Liska Series.

Synopsis
A serial killer known as "The Cremator" is killing sex workers in Minneapolis parks and setting their bodies on fire. When one of his victims turns out to be the daughter of a local billionaire, and a homeless teenager claims to have witnessed the burning, it brings together former FBI agent Kate Conlan (now working as a victim-witness advocate) and the Bureau's top serial-killer profiler, John Quinn.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews praised Hoag's ability to "juggle a complex plot" but warned that the graphic violence may not appeal to some readers. Publishers Weekly noted the crisp dialog and engaging love scenes, and praised her for "granting a humanizing dignity to the victims' corpses".

Booklist also reviewed Ashes to Ashes.

References

External links
Tami Hoag's official website

Novels by Tami Hoag
1999 American novels
American thriller novels
American crime novels
Novels set in Minneapolis


The real was the currency of El Salvador, issued from 1828 until 1877 and used until 1889.

History
The Spanish colonial and Central American Republic reales both circulated in El Salvador. Between 1828 and 1835, coins were issued specifically for El Salvador. From 1830, various foreign coins were counterstamped for use in El Salvador. In 1877, banknotes denominated in pesos were introduced, with 8 reales = 1 peso. The real ceased to be used in 1889, when El Salvador decimalized.

Coins
Silver coins were issued between 1828 and 1835 in denominations of ½, 1, 2 and 4 reales. All bore a design of a mountain on one face, with the inscription "Moneda Provisional" (Provisional Money). In addition, foreign coins were countermarked. Most were reales denominations, including ½, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales, but some British sixpences and shillings were also countermarked.

References

Modern obsolete currencies
Currencies of Central America
1828 establishments
1877 disestablishments
Economic history of El Salvador
Currencies of El Salvador
Banknotes of El Salvador


Amparo, a Portuguese and Spanish word meaning refuge, shelter, or protection, may refer to:

People
Amparo (name)
Amparo people, Afro-Cuban descendants of Angola

Places

Brazil
Amparo, São Paulo
Amparo, Paraíba
Amparo do Serra, Minas Gerais
Amparo de São Francisco, Sergipe
Santo Antônio do Amparo, Minas Gerais

Other places
Amparo Museum, Puebla, Mexico
Amparo High School, Caloocan, Philippines

Other uses
Amparo (film), a 2022 Colombian drama film
Massacre of El Amparo, the killing of 14 fishermen in El Amparo, Venezuela in 1988
Megachile amparo, a bee of family Megachilidae
Recurso de amparo or writ of amparo, a form of constitutional relief found in the legal systems of some countries
Roman Catholic Diocese of Amparo, in Amparo, São Paulo


Achagua or Axagua may refer to:
 Achagua people, an ethnic group of Colombia and Venezuela
 Achagua language, a language of Colombia
 Achagua (moth), a geometer moth genus of the tribe Nacophorini

See also
 Achaguas (disambiguation)
 Xagua (disambiguation)


Shirley Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Southampton. The main church building is situated along Church Street in the district of Shirley. Founded in 1852, the church is a member of the Baptist Union of Great Britain.

History
The original church building was constructed in 1852 on waste ground in Church Street. Under leadership of Rev Edgar Pullen between 1889 and 1930, the church increased in size, with nearly 500 members by the end of his ministry. The present church building was constructed during the First World War to accommodate the larger congregation, opening in 1915.

Notable members and attendees
The noted economist John Harry Dunning briefly attended Shirley Baptist when he first moved to Southampton, in 1952, while lodging in a nearby home. Eventually, however, he moved on to Thornhill Baptist Church where his new accommodation was located, and where he remained for the next 14 years.

References

External links

Churches in Southampton
Baptist churches in Hampshire
Religious organizations established in 1852
1852 establishments in England


Eric Jurgensen Flores (born April 9, 1963 in La Paz, Bolivia)  was general manager and currently is director of content and programming of América Televisión Channel 4 in Peru.

He got a bachelor's degree in business administration specializing in marketing and
finance from the University of Arizona. However, he has been working in the television industry for over 32 years. He speaks fluently Spanish, English and German.

America TV
A Bolivian/American executive, with a degree in business administration with a specialization in marketing and finance in the U.S. Fluent in English, Spanish and German languages.

Highly skilled in successfully directing and re-launching TV channels and optimizing small budgets while using creativity to achieve positive results in the categories of positioning, billing and audience share.

Highly capable and creative in terms of strategic development of production and programming especially in relation to negotiations and sales.

When taking over the channel in 2003, it had a negative equity of over 80 million dollars and a liability of over 100 million dollars. And, in just seven and a half years, from 2003 to 2011, América TV managed to pay all its debts and now has a net worth of over 400 million dollars.

América TV has become the absolute leader of the Peruvian television market, with an audience share ranging between 34% and 39%.

From 2003 to 2018, Jurgensen acted as the chief executive officer and chief content officer of América TV in Peru.

since 2023 he has been the director of content and programming of América Televisión

Jurgensen Media Group

A company formed by Jurgensen to give advice and services to any TV Station in all different areas, especially in strategic planning, programming strategies, content production and digital areas. Jurgensen  with more than 32 years of experience managing different TV stations in various countries, now is ready to offer this type of service.

Telefuturo
Planned, organized, executed and managed the Commercial, Programming, Promotional, Production, Operations and Administrative Departments for Channel 4 in Paraguay.
During this time publicity sales increased by 55% and viewership share increased from 24% in July 1999 to 42% in December 2001. Currently, Channel 4 Telefuturo is the number-one television station in Paraguay.

Red Uno

In addition, he was also responsible for the re-launching of Red Uno in La Paz, Bolivia. Between January and June 2002, Red Uno's viewership increased by 50% and sales by 65%. A thorough restructuring of the News Department regains respect and viewership for this segment.

References

University of Arizona alumni
Living people
1963 births


The districts are further divided into administrative sub-units known as divisional secretariats. They were originally based on the feudal counties, the korales and ratas. Divisional secretariats are the third-level administrative divisions of the country and there are currently 331 divisional secretariats in Sri Lanka.

They were formerly known as D.R.O. divisions, after the divisional revenue officer. Later the D.R.O.s became assistant government agents and the givisions were known as A.G.A. divisions. Currently, the divisions are administered by a divisional secretary, and are known as D.S. divisions.

The 331 divisions are listed below, by district:

Divisional secretariats

See also
 Provinces of Sri Lanka
 Districts of Sri Lanka

References

External links
 Divisional Secretariats Portal
 Statoids: Divisions of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka geography-related lists
Lists of subdivisions of Sri Lanka


Tango Lee McCauley Sr. (born October 27, 1978) is a former gridiron football offensive lineman. He played college football at Texas A&M University and Alabama State University.

In his career, McCauley has played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, British Columbia Lions, Dallas Cowboys, Carolina Panthers, Chicago Rush, Montreal Alouettes, New Orleans VooDoo, Austin Wranglers, and Cleveland Gladiators.

High school years
McCauley attended John Marshall High School in Oklahoma City. He was a three sport letterman in football, basketball and track & field. In football, he was a first team All-State selection. He participated in the Oil Bowl, Blue/Grey and the Oklahoma All-State game. He graduated in 1997.

College career
McCauley spent three seasons playing at Texas A&M (1998–2000) before transferring to Alabama State University in 2001. He was a two-year starter at left tackle for Texas A&M, earning preseason All-Big 12 honors before the 2000 season. He earned Division I-AA All-America honors at Alabama State as an Offensive tackle in 2001.

Professional career

Pre-draft
McCauley was invited, and attended the 2002 NFL Combine. He was rated the 18th best guard out of 43, and was projected to go unselected in the draft.

Canadian Football League (2003 - 2005, 2007)
McCauley was not selected in the 2002 NFL Draft and took a year away from football in 2002. He then signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. Then, in 2004 played for the British Columbia Lions, where he won the Grey Cup. That same year, he attended training camp with the Dallas Cowboys, as well as the Carolina Panthers, he was not on the final roster. He returned to the Roughriders in 2005.

Arena Football League (2006 - 2008)
In 2006, McCauley signed with the Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League. He played in 14 games as a rookie, primarily on the offensive line at Guard and Center. He did however play some on defense, where he recorded 2.5 tackles and one pass broken up.

McCauley then returned to the CFL after the 2006 AFL season, signing in July 2006 with the Montreal Alouettes. Then in 2007, he signed with the New Orleans VooDoo where he played in seven games mostly on the offensive line, however, he also recorded six receptions for 34 yards and three touchdowns, as well as two tackles. He was then waived by the VooDoo and signed by the Austin Wranglers of the af2, where he played in eight games. After the season, he signed with the Cleveland Gladiators. After the 2008 season, he declared retirement from professional football.

Personal
McCauley lives in Oklahoma City during the off-season. He
enjoys outdoor sports, especially hunting and fishing.

Notes

External links
 Dallas Cowboys bio

1978 births
Living people
Players of American football from Oklahoma City
American football offensive linemen
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Alabama State Hornets football players
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football offensive linemen
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
BC Lions players
Montreal Alouettes players
Chicago Rush players
Austin Wranglers players
New Orleans VooDoo players
Cleveland Gladiators players


Ma'ale Iron (, lit. Iron Heights; ) is an Arab local council in Israel's Haifa District and is a part of the Wadi Ara region in the Triangle. The town consists of the five villages of Bayada, Musheirifa, Musmus, Salem and Zalafa. The villages were joined together in 1996 by the Interior Ministry of Israel to form the local council. In  its population was , predominantly Muslims. It has an area of 6.3 km2. Ma'ale Iron has four elected members and since 2013 the head of the council has been Mustafa Ighbarieh.

History
The five villages of Ma'ale Iron did not have municipal status and instead were under the administration of mukhtars (village headmen) appointed by the Interior Ministry until 1992 when the Interior Ministry established the Nahal Iron regional council. The council also included Barta'a, Ein as-Sahala and Mu'awiya in addition to the five current villages of Ma'ale Iron. Initially the council operated mainly in Bayada and Salem but in the rest of the villages the locals objected to the administrative arrangement and sought independent municipal status. To allay local concerns, the Interior Ministry established an investigative committee to examine other options, and in 1996, decided to split the regional council into two local councils: Ma'ale Iron and Basma.

Between 1996 and 2003, council meetings were held in Afula, but in 2004 the council's headquarters moved to Zalafa. Until 2003 the council was appointed by the interior minister until elections were held in 2001 and Muhammad Fauzi Jabbarin was elected as the council head. In 2006 the Interior Ministry suspended Ma'ale Iron's budget for not reporting the wages of council workers. Because of the dispute, the Interior Ministry dissolved the council and appointed a new one, headed by Michael Iluz from the Shas party. In 2009 a plea was sent to the High Court of Justice against the current council and to hold local elections. The court instructed the interior minister to arrange elections but he decided to extend the council's term for another year. In 2010 the council's members asked to move Ma'ale Iron's headquarters back to Afula due to alleged threats made against them, but the Interior Ministry refused. In 2013 local elections were held in Ma'ale Iron and Mustafa Ighbarieh was elected as the council head.

In 2006 there were floods in the Wadi Ara region. The estimated damage in Ma'ale Iron, Umm al-Fahm and Basma was 44 million NIS. The floods damaged the sewage system of Bayada, Musmus and Musheirifa and caused the pollution of the Ba'ana River that passes through Musheirifa. The budget given by the government was insufficient and bureaucratic problems delayed the restoration. Eventually the river was cleaned in 2013.

In November 2014, Ma'ale Iron and Megiddo Regional Council started a project for cooperation between the five villages of Ma'ale Iron and the thirteen communities of Megiddo. Two teams from each council participate in sports, community and environmental work. Art galleries displaying the works of locals were opened in localities in both councils and annual activities such as planting trees in Tu BiShvat have been conducted.

Villages

Bayada

Bayada lies on top of Musheirifa. It was a neighborhood of Musheirifa until it broke away. The vast majority of the residents are members of the Jabarin clan. In the 2008 census Bayada's population was counted with Musheirifa and together their population was 3,100.

Musmus

Musmus lies below Musheirifa. Most of the residents belong to the Ighbarieh and Mahagna clans. The village is the birthplace of the Palestinian poet Rashid Hussein. Highway 65 passes through the village and splits it into two parts. In the 2008 census, Musmus's population was 3,900.

Musheirifa

Musheirifa lies between Musmus and Bayada. The inhabitants are largely members of the Ighbarieh clan, which inhabits the upper parts of the village, and the Jabbarin clan, which inhabit the lower parts. In the 2008 census Musheirifa's population was counted with Bayada and together their population was 3,100.

Salem

Salem lies near the Green Line and the separation barrier. Salem is divided into two parts. The western part is inhabited by members of the Abu Bakr clan and the Eastern part is inhabited by members of the Araf'aiya and Subaihat clans as well as some other clans. According to the 2008 census there were 1,600 residents in the village.

Zalafa

Zalafa lies between Musmus and Salem. In the 2008 census, Zalafa's population was 4,000.

Demographics
In 2014 Ma'ale Iron had  residents, all of whom are Arabs and 99.9% are Muslims. In 2013, 41.9% of the residents were 17 or under, 54.2% were 18–64 and 3.9% were aged 65+. There were 2,126 families living in 2,629 households. There were 3,491 students in 7 schools: 4 elementary schools and 3 high schools. 50.8% were entitled to a Bagrut.

Sports
There are three soccer groups in the villages:
Hapoel Bnei Zalafa – plays in Liga Bet and hosts matches in a soccer field in Umm el-Fahm.
Bnei Musheirifa Bayada – plays in Liga Gimel and hosts matches in a soccer field in Barkai.
Hapoel Bnei Musmus – plays in Liga Gimel and hosts matches in a soccer field in Umm el-Fahm.

See also

Arab localities in Israel

References

External links

Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8:    IAA, Wikimedia commons

Arab localities in Israel
Wadi Ara
Local councils in Haifa District


Helle is a small village in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located along the Vatnefjorden in the northeastern part of the mainland portion of the municipality, about  north of the village of Vatne.

References

Villages in Møre og Romsdal
Ålesund


R31 or R-31 may refer to:

Automobiles
 Nissan Pintara (R31), a compact car sold in Australia
 Nissan Skyline (R31), a mid-size car
 Renault R31, a Formula One racing car

Aviation
 R31 (airship), of the Royal Navy
 Renard R.31, a Belgian reconnaissance aircraft
 Rubik R-31 Dupla, a Hungarian training glider

Other uses
 R-31 (missile), a Soviet submarine-launched ballistic missile
 R31 (South Africa), a road
 Chlorofluoromethane, a refrigerant
 Grendel R31, an American semi-automatic carbine
 Herero language
 , an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy
 R31: Contact with acids liberates toxic gas, a risk phrase


Helle or Hella is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the north side of the Førdefjorden, about  southeast of the village of Indrevevring and about  southwest of the village of Naustdal. The population of Helle (2001) was 133.

References

Villages in Vestland
Sunnfjord


Humberview Secondary School (formerly The Humberview School, or Humberview Senior Public School) is a high school in Bolton, Caledon, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the four secondary schools in Caledon, the others being Robert F. Hall Catholic Secondary School in Caledon East, Ontario, St. Michael Catholic Secondary School in Bolton, Ontario, and Mayfield Secondary School. The year 2003 was a double cohort year for the school.

Athletics
Humberview Secondary School offers 29 sports and physical activities and has won several Region of Peel Secondary Schools Athletic Association championships in rugby, curling, field hockey, volleyball, soccer, and track and field.

Today, the school still competes at higher levels. The boys' basketball team finished 3rd overall in the Region of Peel, while the girls field hockey team won their division. Other notable mentions include the table tennis team, as well as the track & field team. In 2022, the football team was the ROPSAA finalist.

The sports and physical activities Humberview offers is: archery, badminton, baseball, basketball, bocce, bowling, cheerleading, cricket, cross country running, curling, Dance Club, flag football, field hockey, football, frisbee, golf, hockey, Humberview Athletic Council (HAC), lacrosse, rowing, rugby, skiing (alpine), skiing (nordic), soccer, table tennis, tennis, track and field, volleyball, Workout Club, and wrestling.

Robotics
On September 10, 2013, Humberview's began a FIRST Robotics Competition team, The Alpha Dogs - Team 4946. The team has won a variety of awards such as winning the Durham College event and being a subdivision finalist in 2017. They have won countless other awards and have won at least 1 award at most competition they attend.

Music

Humberview has boasted a strong music program ever since the first band program was set up in 1981. Since 2013 the program has been led by Mr. Dan Rollings and Ms. Tanya Nelson. The program features an Intermediate Concert Band for grade 9 & 10 students and a Senior Wind Ensemble for grade 11 & 12 students. This  band also serves as the school marching band, often performing at the Bolton Santa Claus Parade. The school vocal jazz ensemble is named Mkosa and the Sr jazz Band is called the Humberview Jazz Orchestra, or more often, Jazzork. When the junior jazz band  runs, it is known as Tonic. The school choir is called Northern Voices.

Over the years these different ensembles have performed in festivals all over North America. The program travels to New York City for a week every other year, including  Spring 2023. Humberview's bands and choirs have performed at Walt Disney World twelve times.

Since the pandemic, Humberview Music has been shifting from its long-standing world percussion program to a new guitar program, featuring solo and ensemble work. The program now also offers a music production program.

Student  social activities are run by the Music Activity Council, or MAC. Since 2013, the MAC presidents have been Samantha Hilton, Mitch Strong, Matthew Strong and Megan Hymers, Matthew Strong, Nicole Nacaratto, Abby Castelucci, Kayla Emmerton, Kelton Hopper and Abby Elliott.

Specialist High Skills Major
Mel Everett, the head of business and technology departments, began the first Peel District School Board SHSM transportation program at Humberview School in 2012. The purpose of the program is to provide students with an opportunity to gain skills that can lead to a career in the transportation industry. The program has begun putting on an annual car show for students to check out different vehicles and meet professionals in the industry.

The first student from the HEALS (Healthy Eating, Active Lifestyle and Sports) SHSM  graduated in 2015 under the leadership of Kent Campbell and the department heads. The program offers opportunities for students to delve into more than just sports future by looking at all aspects of the health and sports care industries.

The latest SHSM offered is the Environmental SHSM. Founded by Andrew Cresswell and Shannon McCauley, the program provides opportunities for students to participate in learning and career exploration opportunities relevant to the sector which include working with a stream restoration specialist on the Humber River, attending the Forests Ontario annual conference, meeting with a researcher at the Honey Bee Centre, or snowshoeing with a naturalist in the Wye Marsh.

Notable students
 Cory Trépanier, artist

 Organik, founder of the King Of The Dot battle rap league.

See also
List of high schools in Ontario
FIRST Robotics

References

External links
 Humberview Secondary School
 Humberview Specialist High Skills Major Transportation
The Alpha Dogs

Peel District School Board
High schools in Caledon, Ontario
Educational institutions established in 1979
1979 establishments in Ontario


Montaud is the name of the following communes in France:

 Montaud, Hérault, in the Hérault department
 Montaud, Isère, in the Isère department
 Montaud, commune now in Saint Etienne


Emílio Manuel Delgado Peixe (born 16 January 1973) is a Portuguese former footballer who played mainly as a defensive midfielder, currently manager of the Kuwait under-23 team.

A member of the dubbed Golden Generation who hailed from the Portugal youth teams, he was one of the few to have represented all three major clubs in the country, Sporting CP, Porto and Benfica.

Over the course of 14 seasons, Peixe amassed Primeira Liga totals of 172 games and four goals. In 2008, he started working as a manager.

Playing career
Born in Nazaré, Peixe emerged from Sporting CP's prolific youth ranks, making his first-team debut shortly after another club great, Luís Figo. In the summer of 1991, already firmly established in the starting XI, he was essential in helping the Portuguese under-20s to win the FIFA World Cup in Lisbon, where he also received the Golden Ball.

After helping Sporting, with Figo, to conquer the 1995 Taça de Portugal, Peixe moved abroad to Sevilla FC, accompanying coach Toni. However, grossly unsettled, he left in the immediate winter transfer window, returning to the Lions but never regaining his previous form.

Peixe then played five seasons at FC Porto, with a six-month loan spell with F.C. Alverca in between. He retired in June 2004, after unassuming one-season stints with S.L. Benfica and U.D. Leiria.

Also internationally, Peixe earned 12 caps with the full side, all between 18 and 20 years old. He also helped Portugal to a fourth-place finish at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Coaching career
Peixe returned to the national team in 2008, being charged with coaching the under-16s. In the following years he worked with several of its youth sides, as both head and assistant manager.

Both Peixe and Rui Bento left the Portuguese Football Federation set-up in August 2022, to take the helm at Kuwait's Olympic and senior teams, respectively.

Honours
Sporting CP
Taça de Portugal: 1994–95
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1995

Porto
Primeira Liga: 1997–98, 1998–99
Taça de Portugal: 1999–00, 2000–01
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1999

Portugal
FIFA U-20 World Cup: 1991
UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1989
FIFA U-16 World Cup third place: 1989
UEFA Under-18 Championship runner-up: 1990

Individual
FIFA U-20 World Cup Golden Ball: 1991

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
People from Nazaré, Portugal
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Leiria District
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Sporting CP footballers
FC Porto players
F.C. Alverca players
S.L. Benfica footballers
U.D. Leiria players
La Liga players
Sevilla FC players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portugal men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Portugal
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Portuguese football managers
Portuguese expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Kuwait
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait


Nicola Matteis (Matheis) (fl. c. 1650 – after 1713) was the earliest notable Italian Baroque violinist in London, whom Roger North judged in retrospect "to have been a second to Corelli," and a composer of significant popularity in his time, though he had been utterly forgotten until the later 20th century.

Very little is known of his early life, although Matteis was probably born in Naples, describing himself as 'Napolitano' in several of his works. He came to London in the early 1670s and according to the diarist Roger North, had a city merchant as a sponsor, who schooled him in the ways of currying favor from the gentry (by allowing them to accompany him in parlor recitals and other minor performances). John Evelyn reports in his diary for 19 November 1674, the earliest notice of Matteis, "I heard that stupendious Violin Signor Nichola (with other rare Musitians) whom certainly never mortal man exceeded on that instrument, he had a stroak so sweete, made it speaking like the Voice of a man and when he pleased, like a Consort of severall Instruments: he did wonders upon a Note: was an excellent Composer also. Nothing approched the violin in Nichola's hand: he seemed to be inspired and played such ravishing things on a ground as astonishd us all."

Matteis enjoyed great artistic and commercial success with his published music, notably four books of Ayres (1676, 1685), but married a rich widow in 1700 and retired from the London musical scene; according to North he nevertheless ended his days in ill health and poverty.

Matteis is credited with changing the English taste for violin playing from the French style to a newer, Italian one. Contemporaries described him as using a longer bow, with a new bow hold (closer to that used by modern players). His reputation grew through his lifetime and resulted in high praise for his live performances (in concert, audiences were often certain that more than one violin was being played) and widespread popularity for his music. Knowing many of his customers were amateurs, Matteis tended to give precise instructions in the prefaces to his published Ayres, providing detailed notes on bowing, explanations of ornaments, tempos, and other directions. These notes have proved valuable resources for scholars reconstructing the performance practices of the time.

Notable works
 Ayrs For the Violin / Preludes, Allmands, Sarabands, Courantes, Gigues, Divisions, and Double Compositions fitted to all hands and capacities, by Nicola Matteis / The first Part (1676)
 Other Ayrs, Preludes, Allmands, Sarabands... with full stops for the Violin, by Nicola Matteis / The Second Part (1676)
 Ayres for the Violin to Wit... The Third and Fourth Parts / composed by Nicola Matteis (1685) / NOTE: It actually contains only the Third Part.
 Other Ayres and Pieces For the Violin Bass Viol and Harpsichord somewhat more Difficult and Artificial then (sic) the former: Composed for the Practice and Service of greater Masters upon those Instruments By Nicola Matteis / The Fourth Part (1685)

Notes

Sources
Haynes, Bruce. The End of Early Music: A Period Performer's History of Music for the Twenty-First Century (2007) Oxford University Press. .
Bukofzer, Manfred F. Music In The Baroque Era - From Monteverdi To Bach (2007) Von Elterlein Press. .

External links

Nicola Matteis
Nicola Matteis: Preludio in C solfaut & Diverse bizzarrie sopra la Vecchia Sarabanda o pur Ciaccona / Ayrs for the Violin (The First Part). Performed by Ground Floor: Alice Julien-Laferrière (baroque violin), Elena Andreyev (baroque cello), Étienne Galletier (theorba, archlute), Angélique Mauillon (harp), Pierre Gallon (harpsichord)
Nicola Matteis: Diverse bizzarie Sopra la Vecchia Sarabanda ò pur Ciaccona / Ayrs for the Violin (The First Part). Performed by Chatham Baroque (Andrew Fouts, baroque violin; Patricia Halverson, viola da gamba; Scott Pauley, baroque guitar)

Italian Baroque composers
Italian male classical composers
17th-century Italian musicians
Italian expatriates in England
Italian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
17th-century male musicians


The Ilva () is a right tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania. It discharges into the Mureș in Lunca Bradului. Its length is  and its basin size is .

Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Ilva:

Left: Ilișoara Mare, Unguraș
Right: Negoiu, Pârâul Pietros, Tinul

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Mureș County


Academics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are organized into 6 divisions containing 32 academic departments or faculties along with many interdisciplinary, affiliated, and intercollegiate research and degree programs. The Schools of Engineering, Science, Sloan School of Management, Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Architecture and Urban Planning, and the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology.

School of Science

The School of Science is composed of 6 academic departments and grants S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. or Sc.D degrees. The current dean of engineering is Professor Marc A. Kastner. With approximately 300 faculty members, 1200  graduate students, 1000 undergraduate majors, the school is the second largest at MIT. 16 faculty members and 16 alumni of the school have won Nobel Prizes.

Biology
The Department of Biology (Course VII) began as a department of natural history in 1871.

Brain and Cognitive Sciences
The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences (Course IX) began as the Department of Psychology in 1964.

Chemistry
The Department of Chemistry (Course V) was one of the original departments when MIT opened in 1865.

Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
The Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (Course XII or EAPS) traces its origins to the establishment of MIT by the eminent geologist William Barton Rogers in 1861. Before distinguishing himself as the University's founder and first president, Rogers was a professor of natural philosophy and chemistry. He also served as State Geologist of Virginia, which explains why geology courses have been taught at MIT for more than a century.

In 1983, EAPS was formed through the merger of two MIT departments: the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, which grew out of the first geology courses, and the Department of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, which had its roots in the meteorology courses that first emerged at MIT in 1941.

Today, the department seeks to understand the fundamental workings of natural systems by examining physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring across a vast spectrum of time and space. Their highly integrated research requires direct observation as well as modeling, and the department thrives on interdisciplinary ventures that open new avenues of exploration.

Mathematics
The Department of Mathematics (Course XVIII)

Physics
The Department of Physics (Course VIII)

School of Engineering

The MIT School of Engineering is one of the five schools of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Generally considered having one of the best engineering programs in the world , the school has 8 academic departments and 1 interdisciplinary division and grants S.B., M.Eng., S.M., an engineer's degree, and Ph.D. or Sc.D degrees. The current dean of engineering is Professor Subra Suresh. The school is the largest at MIT as measured by undergraduate and graduate enrollments and faculty members.

Aeronautics and Astronautics
The Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Course XVI) was founded as a program within the Mechanical Engineering department in 1926 and became an independent department in 1939.

Biological Engineering
The Department of Biological Engineering (Course XX) was founded as a division in 1998 and became an independent department in 2005.

Chemical Engineering
The Department of Chemical Engineering (Course X) was founded as a combined course of mechanical engineering and industrial chemistry in 1888 and became an independent department in 1920.

Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Course I) offered classes in civil engineering since MIT's 1865 opening and was subject to repeated mergers with the departments of sanitary engineering and structural engineering before adopting its current name and organization in 1992.

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Course VI) is the largest department in the School of Engineering. Electrical engineering was originally taught within the Department of Physics, but a new degree program was offered in 1882, and the department became independent in 1902.

Engineering Systems Division
The Engineering Systems Division was an interdisciplinary division within the School of Engineering, but was superseded by IDSS.

Materials Science and Engineering
The Department of Materials Science and Engineering (Course III) can be traced back to a Department of Geology and Mining established at MIT's 1865 opening which later grew to encompass mining and metallurgy until the modern name was adopted in 1974.

Mechanical Engineering
The Department of Mechanical Engineering (Course II) was one of the original MIT departments. In 2004, the department adsorbed the Department of Ocean Engineering (Course XIII) which is now the Center for Ocean Engineering.

Nuclear Science and Engineering
The Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering (Course XXII) was established in 1958, making it one of the oldest programs of its kind in the nation.

School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences

The School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (MIT SHASS) has 13 departments, department-level programs, and faculties granting S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees. The current dean is professor of political science Melissa Nobles. The school teaches every MIT undergraduate — a total of about 4,500 students, each of whom takes a minimum of 8 humanities, arts, and social sciences classes, nearly 25% of their total class time. With approximately 180 faculty members, 337 graduate students, 130 undergraduate majors, 161 undergraduate minors, the school is the fourth largest at MIT. 3 Nobel Laureates, 8 MacArthur Fellows, and 5 Pulitzer Prize winners are on the faculty.

Anthropology
The Anthropology program

Comparative Media Studies / Writing
The Comparative Media Studies and Writing program

Economics
The Department of Economics

Global Studies and Languages
The Global Studies and Languages program

History
The History faculty

Linguistics
The Department of Linguistics

Literature
The Literature faculty

Music
The Music program

Philosophy
The Department of Philosophy

Political Science
The Department of Political Science

Science, Technology, and Society
The Program in Science, Technology, and Society

Theater Arts
The Theatre Arts program

Women's Studies
The Women's and Gender Studies program

School of Architecture and Planning

The School of Architecture and Planning consists of 2 departments and grants S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees. The current dean of architecture and planning is Professor Adèle Naudé Santos.

Architecture
The Department of Architecture

Urban Studies and Planning
The Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP)

Founded in 1933, DUSP has four specialization areas: City Design and Development; Environmental Policy; Housing, Community and Economic Development; and the International Development Group. There are also three cross-cutting areas of study: Transportation Planning and Policy, Urban Information Systems (UIS) and Regional Planning.

DUSP offers a two-year Master in City Planning (MCP) degree and a PhD in Urban and Regional Studies or Urban and Regional Planning.  Under special circumstances, admission may be granted to candidates seeking a one-year Master of Science (SM) degree.  DUSP also offer a Bachelor of Science (SB) in Planning, a five-year SB/MCP, and minors in Public Policy and in Urban Studies and Planning.

Media Laboratory
The Media Laboratory

Sloan School of Management

The Sloan School of Management has one department (Management) and grants the S.B., S.M., and Ph.D.

Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology

The Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology grants several degrees.

References

Massachusetts Institute of Technology


The 1961 South African Grand Prix, formally titled the 8th International RAC South African Grand Prix, was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at Prince George Circuit, East London, South Africa on 26 December 1961. The race, run over 80 laps of the circuit, was won from pole position by Scotland's Jim Clark, driving a works Lotus-Climax. Englishman Stirling Moss finished second in a private Lotus-Climax, while Swede Jo Bonnier was third in a Porsche.

Results

Notes
Pole position: Jim Clark – 1:33.9
Fastest Lap: Jim Clark – 1:33.1
Doug Serrurier was also entered by Scuderia Alfa, to drive an LDS-Alfa Romeo, but did not drive this car during the event.

References

 "The Formula One Record Book", John Thompson, 1974.
 Race results at Silhouet.com

South African Grand Prix
Grand Prix
South African Grand Prix
December 1961 sports events in Africa


Clubbed is a 2008 British drama film about a 1980s factory worker who takes up a job as a club doorman, written by Geoff Thompson and directed by Neil Thompson.

Plot
In 1984, Danny - a lonely factory worker intimidated by life - is battered and humiliated in front of his kids in a random act of violence. His already bleak existence sinks further into the abyss. On the verge of total breakdown, he decides to fight back.

He meets a group of nightclub doormen who take him in and give him the confidence to stand his ground. As he is drawn deeper into their world, he becomes embroiled with the local gangland boss, setting in motion a chain of events with shockingly brutal consequences.

Cast
 Colin Salmon as Louis
 Natalie Gumede as Jo
 Mel Raido as Danny
 Shaun Parkes as Rob
 Scot Williams as "Sparky"
 Maxine Peake as Angela
 Will Poulter as Sparky's Baby Son
 Neil Morrissey as Simon
 Ronnie Fox as Hennessy
 Charlie Clark as Illisa
 Katherine McGolpin as Kay
 Anthony Ghosh as Minor Part At Beginning
 Aicha McKenzie as Helen
 Nick Holder as Mick
 Ellen Thomas as Mrs. Smith
 Ian Ralph as Barney "Fatman"
 Tom McKay as "Skank"
 Michelle Marsh as Skank's Girlfriend
 Nikki Sanderson as "Gee-Gee", Dance Teacher
 Jamie Kenna as Hack
 Ian Virgo as Leonard
 Ciarán Griffiths as "Reaper"
 Hayley Evetts as Reaper's Girlfriend
 Angie Chiefa as Dancer
 Joanne Rozak as Dancer

Reception
Empire gave the film three stars out of five stating "Performances are varied, but it overcomes its low budget with a suspenseful story, sympathetic leads and cracking ’80s soundtrack."

References

External links

2008 films
2008 crime drama films
British crime drama films
Films set in the 1980s
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
English-language crime drama films


Erwin Faber (21 July 1891 – 4 May 1989) was a leading actor in Munich and later throughout Germany, beginning after World War I, and through the late-1970s, when he was still performing at the Residenz Theatre (The National Theatre of Bavaria).  Born in Innsbruck, Austria, Faber remained in Germany during the Third Reich, emerging afterwards as a prominent actor in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).  He died in Munich in 1989, only two months after his last performance at the Residenztheater (the National Theatre of Bavaria), at age 97.

Acting career
In addition to performing in dozens of dramas and films in Germany, working with the leading directors in post-World War I Germany, such as Max Reinhardt, Otto Falckenberg, and Erich Engel, Faber also was chosen by Bertolt Brecht to play the leads in the first three staged plays of Brecht in Munich, beginning with Drums in the Night (Trommeln in der Nacht) at the avant-garde theatre, the Munich Kammerspiele in September 1922, followed by In The Jungle of Cities (Im Dickicht der Städte) at Munich's Residenz Theater in May 1923, and The Life of Edward II of England (Leben Eduards des Zweiten von England) directed by Brecht himself in his directing debut and featuring Oskar Homolka, in March 1924.

Erwin Faber also played the lead in a film written by Brecht in 1923, Mysteries of a Barbershop (Mysterien eines Friseursalons), with leading comic and dramatic actors of Germany of that time: Karl Valentin, Liesl Karlstadt, Blandine Ebinger, Max Schreck, and Carola Neher.  The 16-minute improvised film is now considered one of the hundred most important films in history of German film.

Erwin Faber also was cast by Ingmar Bergman for his film Life of the Marionettes in 1980.

Filmography

References

External links

1891 births
1989 deaths
Actors from Innsbruck
People from the County of Tyrol
German male stage actors
German male film actors
20th-century German male actors
Austrian emigrants to Germany


The Da Vinci Machine, also called the Multi Language Virtual Machine, was a Sun Microsystems project aiming to prototype the extension of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to add support for dynamic languages.

It was already possible to run dynamic languages on top of the JVM, but the goal is to ease new dynamic language implementations and increase their performance. This project was the reference implementation of JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform).

History

Prior to Java 7, the Java Virtual Machine had no built-in support for dynamically typed languages:
 The existing JVM instruction set is statically typed.
 JVM has limited support for dynamically modifying existing classes and methods. It currently works only in a debugging environment.

JSR 292 (Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform) proposes to:
 add a new invokedynamic instruction at the JVM level, to allow method invocation relying on dynamic type checking,
 to be able to change classes and methods at runtime dynamically in a production environment.

Following the success of the JRuby Java implementation, the Da Vinci project was started at the end of January 2008. The capabilities experimented by Da Vinci were planned to be added to Java 7. It aims to prototype this JSR, but also other lower-priority extensions. The first working prototype, developed as a patch on OpenJDK, was announced and made available on end of August 2008.

Since then, the JRuby team has successfully wired dynamic invocation in their codebase. Dynamic invocation shipped with the 1.1.5 release, and will be disabled on JVMs without invokedynamic capabilities.

Since then, the project has been integrated in the JDK 7 codebase and then integrated in the Java 7 release.

Architecture
Dynamic invocation is built on the fact that, even if Java is a strongly static language at the language level, the type information is much less prevalent at the bytecode level.

However, dynamic languages implementations need to be able to use just-in-time compilation (rather than reflection) to achieve good performance, and so to compile scripts to bytecode at runtime. To be allowed to be run by the Java Virtual Machine, these bytecodes must be verified prior to the execution, and the verifier check that the types are static throughout the code. It leads to these implementations having to create many different bytecodes for the different contexts of a method call, each time the signature of the arguments change.

This not only uses a lot of memory, but also fills a memory area called Metaspace (Permanent Generation prior to Java 8), a part of the heap used by the JVM to store information about classes. Memory used in this area is almost never garbage collected because it stores immutable data in the context of Java programs; and because of that, dynamic languages implementations can only compile a small part of the scripts.

JSR 292 proposes to:
 provide a mechanism whereby an existing class can be loaded and  modified, producing a new class with those modifications but sharing the rest of its structure and data, thus not filling the Permanent Generation space,
 provide the new invokedynamic bytecode which allows the JVM to optimize calls of this kind.

See also

 Scripting for the Java Platform
 List of JVM languages
 Dynamic Language Runtime — an environment from Microsoft which brings support for dynamic languages to the .NET Framework Common Language Runtime
 Nashorn (JavaScript engine) — based on the Da Vinci Machine

References

External links
Da Vinci Machine project page
Sun presentation at Lang.NET Symposium
John Rose (project leader) blog
JSR 292 presentation paper
JSR 292 ACM 2010 presentation paper

Java virtual machine
Java platform software
Beta software
Java specification requests
Sun Microsystems software


Daniel Kaufmann is the president emeritus of the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI), which resulted from the merger of the Revenue Watch Institute – Natural Resource Charter. He is also a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, where he was previously a senior fellow, and until July 2019 served in the international board of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and in a number of advisory boards on governance, anti-corruption and natural resources and has also been in high-level expert commissions such as at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Inter-American Development Bank and the Mo Ibrahim Foundation. Prior to that, he was a director at the World Bank Institute, leading work on governance and anti-corruption. He was also a senior manager and lead economist at the World Bank, writing and working on many countries around the world, and was a visiting scholar at Harvard University. He has also served in other boards and councils in the past, including at the World Economic Forum.

Early life
Kaufmann was born and grew up in Santiago, Chile, the son of Jewish immigrants that escaped Germany in 1939. He later received a B.A. in economics and statistics at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and subsequently an M.A. and Ph.D. in economics at Harvard.

Career
At the World Bank, he held positions working on programs in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, Africa and Latin America, as well as conducting applied research around the globe. First as a senior economist and then as a lead economist, he specialized on trade, industry, private sector, regulation, macroeconomics, governance and anti-corruption. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, he became the first chief of mission of the World Bank to Ukraine, where he led the bank's program of support for economic reforms, as well as developing survey techniques to measure corruption and the unofficial economy. Thereafter, as a Director of the World Bank Institute, he initiated and led the program on global governance and anti-corruption. He also served as lead economist in the research department and was later a manager of the finance, regulation and governance unit. He co-authored a number of publications and books, such as the World Development Report, and “The Quality of Growth”, the "Investment Climate around the World" and the "Governance Matters" series.

He was also a visiting scholar at Harvard. Since 2009, Kaufmann has been affiliated with the Brookings Institution, first as a senior fellow, leading the work on governance and anti-corruption, and since late 2012, as a non-resident senior fellow. Between 2012 and 2020, he was the President and CEO of the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI), an independent global policy institute focused on research and evidence-driven policy advice and advocacy, with operations in over a dozen countries. He became President Emeritus at NRGI on July 31, 2020.

Kaufmann is a researcher, policy advisor to leaders of states, multilateral organizations, industry and nongovernmental organizations. He is also a frequent keynote speaker on governance and development. With his teams, he has developed approaches to construct indicators for country governance (e.g., the Worldwide Governance Indicators and the Natural Resource Governance Institute's Resource Governance Index) and designed diagnostic tools and survey methodologies for good governance and anti-corruption programs.

He has also provided practical advice to countries based on his research on economic development, governance, the unofficial economy, macroeconomics, investment, corruption, privatization, and urban and labor economics. His writings with co-authors are among the most downloaded in the Social Science Research Network.

Professional contribution

Governance and Corruption
While at the World Bank during the 1990s, Kaufmann and his colleague Aart Kraay developed the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). The Worldwide Governance Indicators measure six dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption. The WGI project covers more than 200 countries since 1996, and is updated on a yearly basis. The methodology used for the indicators’ construction can be found in The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. The WGI indicators are used by multiple organizations, countries, risk rating agencies and industry bodies. In addition to its methodological approach, country coverage and the ability to monitor governance performance of countries for over two decades, the WGI was also the first such indicator that addressed quantitatively the measurement of its own margins of error (confidence intervals), initiating a trend in the field.

With colleagues at the World Bank, he also led the development and implementation of in-depth, in-country governance and anti-corruption diagnostic tools, which were carried out in dozens of countries as inputs to governance reform programs.

State Capture and Legal Corruption
Kaufmann, with colleagues, also developed new approaches to measure governance and corruption, focused first on the post-socialist countries in transition, and, with Joel Hellman, launched a project on what they labelled as the challenge of state capture, which analyzed the transition economies of the former Soviet Union during the late 1990s (in articles such as "Seize the state, seize the day: State capture, corruption, and influence in transition"). The notion of state capture has since become more widely applied, and recently they have provided expert testimony on the topic to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture of South Africa.

Related to some aspects of state capture, which are not always strictly illegal, Kaufmann had written about the notion of “legal corruption.” With his co-author, Pedro Vicente, he analyzed how laws can be shaped so to legalize certain acts, which a broad consensus might consider as unethical or corrupt.

Good Governance and Anti-corruption Programs
Kaufmann continued working and advising on governance, corruption and state capture matters at the global, regional and national level, including focusing in resource-rich countries and on the natural resource sector in recent years. He has also researched the relevance of civil liberties to address corruption and improve development prospects, as well as the links between human rights and corruption control. He has also recently been an expert member of high level advisory panels for multilateral organizations, such as the Inter-American Development Bank, co-authoring the November 2018 Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Anti-Corruption, Transparency, and Integrity in Latin America and the Caribbean, (selected by Foreign Affairs as one of the top books of 2019) as well as a co-author of a report to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as a member of the High-Level Advisory Group on Anti-Corruption and Integrity to that organization.

Natural Resource Governance
The Natural Resource Governance Institute, which Kaufmann leads, released the Resource Governance Index in 2017. The index focuses on transparency and accountability in resource-rich countries and provided evidence on the substantial governance and implementation deficits in most countries surveyed, while also identifying successes, including in emerging economies. Other recent publications on governance and natural resources have appeared at Brookings Institution as well as opinion pieces in the Financial Times.  His work is widely referenced in academic circles and in the international media.

Selected publications
Kaufmann has contributed to the fields of governance, corruption and development for over 30 years, including among others the following publications:

 The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues (with A. Kraay & Mastruzzi, M.) Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(2), 220–246, 2011.
 Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996-2002 (with A. Kraay & Mastruzzi, M.), World Bank Economic Review, 18(4):253-287, The World Bank: Washington, D.C., 2004
 Seize the State, Seize the Day: State Capture, Corruption, and Influence in Transition (with J.S. Hellman & Jones, G.) Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), 751–773, 2003
 Civil Liberties, Democracy, and the Performance of Government Projects (with J. Isham & Pritchett, L.) World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 219–242, 1997
 Growth Without Governance [with comments] (with A. Kraay). Economía 3 (1) 169–229, 2002
 The Unofficial Economy in Transition (with S. Johnson and Shleifer, A.). Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1997
 Corruption Matters. Finance & Development, 52(3), pp. 20–23. IMF, Washington, D.C., 2015
 Evidence-Based Reflections on Natural Resource Governance and Corruption in Africa. Chapter in E. Zedillo, O. Cattaneo, & H. Wheeler (Eds.), Africa at a fork in the road: taking off or disappointment once again?. Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, 2015
 Who Bribes in Public Contracting and Why: Worldwide Evidence from Firms (with A. D’Souza). Economics of Governance, 14(4), 333–367, 2013
 Transparenting Transparency: Initial Empirics and Policy Applications (with A. Bellver). MPRA Paper No. 8188, University Library of Munich, Germany, 2005
 Legal Corruption (with P. Vicente). Economics & Politics, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 195–219, 2011
 Rule of Law Matters Northwestern Law Review, 2010
 Corruption, Governance and Security: Challenges for the Rich Countries and the World. Chapter in the Global Competitiveness Report 2004–2005, World Economic Forum, Geneva, October 2004
 Investment Climate around the World: Voices of the Firms from the World Business Environment Survey (with G. Batra & Stone A.). The World Bank, 2003.
 The Quality of Growth (with V. Thomas and co-authors). The World Bank, 2000.
 Does ‘Grease Money’ Speed Up the Wheels of Commerce? (with S.J. Wei). International Monetary Fund: Washington, D.C., 2000
 The Forgotten Rationale for Policy Reform: The Productivity of Investment Projects (with J. Isham). Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1):149-184, 1999
 Regulatory Discretion and the Unofficial Economy (with S. Johnson & Zoido, P.). American Economic Review, 1998
 Corruption: The Facts. Foreign Policy, 107, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Washington, D.C., 1997
 World Development Report 1991: The Challenge of Development (with V. Thomas et al.). World Bank. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Global indicators

 Worldwide Governance Indicators
 2017 Resource Governance Index
 Ibrahim Index of African Governance

External links

 Natural Resource Governance Institute
 Social Science Research Network profile and publications
 Google Scholar publications
 Brookings Institution profile
 Natural Resource Governance Institute profile
 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative board profile

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
World Bank people
20th-century Chilean economists
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Social Sciences alumni
American chief executives


Noisy-le-Sec is a railway station in Noisy-le-Sec, Seine-Saint-Denis, France. The station opened in 1849 and is on the Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville railway and Paris-Est–Mulhouse-Ville railway. The station is served by RER Line E services operated by the SNCF and Île-de-France tramway Line 1, operated by RATP Group. The station has long functioned as an important depot and marshalling yard, making it a major railway node.

The original station opened in the year 1849 with the first part of the railway line from Paris-Est to Strasbourg-Ville and was enlarged in 1910. During the first World War, it was an important station for transporting troops to the front lines. Following World War II, the station was rebuilt and later modified for the commencement of RER services in 1999.  The Tramway Line 1 extension to Noisy-le-Sec opened in the month of December 2003.

Train services
The station is served by the following services:

Commuter services (RER E) Haussmann–Saint-Lazare–Chelles–Gournay
Commuter services (RER E) Haussmann–Saint-Lazare–Tournan

Gallery

External links

Réseau Express Régional stations
Railway stations in Seine-Saint-Denis
Railway stations in France opened in 1849


The Hop Exchange is a Grade II listed building at No. 24 Southwark Street, London, in the Bankside area of the London Borough of Southwark.  Opened in 1867 and designed by R.H. Moore it served as the centre for hop trading for the brewing industry.

Overview
Hops, introduced to England from the Netherlands, are still used in the brewing industry. They are harvested from farms (known as "hop gardens") in Kent, and in the 19th century they were brought by railway to London Bridge Station, or by boat up the River Thames.  They were then stored in the many warehouses in the Borough area.

The purpose of the Hop Exchange was to provide a single market centre for dealers in hops. A glass roof allowed business on the trading floor of the Great Hall to be conducted under natural light. There were many similar outcry floor exchanges across London, such as the Coal, Metal and Stock exchanges, but wartime bombing, fires, redevelopment and modernisation have left the Hop Exchange the only one still standing. However, a fire in 1920 led to the top two storeys being removed, and the Hop Exchange was then converted into offices.

In 2004 Southwark Council nominated the building for inclusion in the blue plaque scheme, but it was turned down.

Images

References

External links

 The hop cellars

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark
Office buildings in the London Borough of Southwark
Former retail markets in London
Commercial buildings completed in 1867
1867 establishments in England
Humulus
Commodity exchanges in the United Kingdom


William Joseph Poupore (April 29, 1846 – August 17, 1918) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Allumette Island, Canada East, the son of William Poupore and Susan McAdams, Poupore was educated on Allumette Island and at Ottawa College where he studied law for two years. He was a mill owner, contractor, and lumberer. In 1870, Poupore married his first cousin Eleonor, the daughter of John Poupore. He was mayor of Chichester from 1872 to 1882 and was warden of the county of Pontiac from 1881 to 1882. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Pontiac in a by-election held in 1882. A Quebec Conservative, he was re-elected in 1886 and in 1890 by acclamation. He was defeated in 1892. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Pontiac in the 1896 federal election. A Conservative, he did not run for reelection in 1900. Poupore died in Westmount at the age of 72 and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

References

1846 births
1918 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Mayors of places in Quebec
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery


The Porter Cup is a 72-hole, medal-play elite amateur golf tournament held annually at the Niagara Falls Country Club in Lewiston, New York. It was first played in 1959 and over the years has hosted some of the biggest names in golf. Past champions include PGA Tour stars Phil Mickelson, David Duval, Scott Verplank and Ben Crenshaw.

Winners

2022 Carson Bacha
2021 Ben Reichert
2020 Canceled
2019 Aiden Didone
2018 Thomas Walsh
2017 Brandon Wu
2016 Harrison Endycott
2015 Denny McCarthy
2014 Geoff Drakeford
2013 Taylor Pendrith
2012 Richy Werenski
2011 Patrick Rodgers
2010 David Chung
2009 Brendan Gielow
2008 Adam Mitchell
2007 Brian Harman
2006 Seungsu Han
2005 Pablo Martin-Benavides
2004 Spencer Levin
2003 Casey Wittenberg
2002 Simon Nash
2001 Nick Cassini
2000 Christopher Wisler
1999 Hunter Haas
1998 Gene Elliott
1997 John Harris
1996 Joey Snyder III
1995 Ryuji Imada
1994 Allen Doyle
1993 Joey Gullion
1992 David Duval
1991 Gary Nicklaus
1990 Phil Mickelson
1989 Robert Gamez
1988 Tony Mollica
1987 Jay Sigel
1986 Nolan Henke
1985 Scott Verplank
1984 Danny Mijovic
1983 Scott Verplank
1982 Nathaniel Crosby
1981 Jay Sigel
1980 Tony DeLuca
1979 John Cook
1978 Bobby Clampett
1977 Vance Heafner
1976 Scott Simpson
1975 Jay Sigel
1974 George Burns
1973 Vinny Giles
1972 Ben Crenshaw
1971 Ronnie Quinn
1970 Howard Twitty
1969 Gary Cowan
1968 Randy Wolff
1967 Bob E. Smith
1966 Bob E. Smith
1965 Ward Wettlaufer
1964 Deane Beman
1963 Bill Harvey
1962 Ed Tutwiler
1961 John Konsek
1960 Ward Wettlaufer
1959 John Konsek

Source

References

External links
Official site
Amateur golf tournaments in the United States
Golf in New York (state)
Sports competitions in New York (state)


The Kingsbridge Armory, also known as the Eighth Regiment Armory, is a decommissioned armory at Jerome Avenue and West Kingsbridge Road in the Kingsbridge Heights neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City. It was built in the 1910s, from a design by the firm of then-state architect Lewis Pilcher to house the New York National Guard's Eighth Coast Defense Command (258th Field Artillery Regiment after November 1921), a regiment-sized unit which relocated from Manhattan in 1917. It is possibly the largest armory in the world.

In addition to its military function, it has been used over the years for exhibitions, boxing matches, and a film set. After World War II the city offered it to the United Nations as a temporary meeting place. In 1974 it was designated a city landmark, and eight years later it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its military use ended and it was turned over to city management in 1996. Since then it has remained vacant as various proposals to redevelop it have failed. One such proposal, by the administration of former Mayor Michael Bloomberg, turned into a dispute over living wage policies. In 2013, a new plan to redevelop it as the world's largest indoor ice center was announced, called the Kingsbridge National Ice Center, but this plan failed in 2021. One National Guard unit has continued to use an annex in the rear until a new headquarters can be found.

Site

The armory complex occupies almost the entire  block between West Kingsbridge Road on the south, Jerome Avenue on the east, West 195th Street on the north, and Reservoir Avenue on the west. Above Jerome Avenue is the Kingsbridge Road station on the New York City Subway's , from which the armory is visible.

An empty moat runs across the front entrance of the building. There are parking lots and sidewalks along the side. At the center of the northern side are two smaller buildings: a garage, as well as a locker room and classrooms. Both are considered non-contributing to the Register listing.

On the north are public schools 86 and 340, with Jerome Park Reservoir to the northwest and Lehman College of the City University of New York about a block north. On the other three sides is dense urban mixed-use development. St. James Park is a few blocks to the southeast, and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, overlooking the Harlem River and Major Deegan Expressway (Interstate 87), two blocks to the east. The terrain slopes slightly toward the river.

Architecture

Exterior
The building is a nine-story red brick edifice with a curved, sloping metal roof, with corrugated fiberglass panels in the field at either end. Its brickwork has been considered among the city's finest. Stone is used for trim, especially around the slit windows at regular intervals. A corbeled stone string course runs below the parapeted roof the length of the building. Above the corbels, and at the corners, are turrets.

In the middle of the south elevation is the two-story office wing and main entrance, a section known as the headhouse. Two semi-engaged towers with conical roofs rise at its front above the roofline.  The transition to the office wing from the main wall is marked by angled walls, two low round towers with conical roofs and cupolas and two square towers.

Between them is the main entrance, a round arch with heavy iron gates and paneled double doors with stone steps and walls. They are topped with a stone projection on corbels and a crenellated parapet. In the brick above the entrance is the regimental motif in terra cotta, a shield over an eagle with draped flags.

Interior

Inside is a  drill hall and an 800-seat auditorium. A four-centered double truss  high spans the ceiling. Two cellar levels, which used to house military vehicles, also provide space for storage, lecture halls, and fitness rooms, that included a basketball court and a  shooting range.

In the office wing, the entry hall has square brick piers supporting the segmental arches that frame the groin vaults. Brick quoins decorate the piers and intrados. The commander's office, upstairs, is done in the Colonial Revival style, with engaged columns, fielded panel walls and an Adamesque fireplace mantel.

Aesthetics

Architect Lewis Pilcher's design was an engineering feat, probably inspired by the large trainsheds of contemporary railroad stations. Six years after its 1917 completion, the Architectural Record described it as epitomizing "simplicity, directness, convenience, and adaptation to special requirements". The Record quoted Pilcher himself as saying it was "perhaps the most interesting of all the armory designs in the country. The necessities of mobilization ... were successfully met."

Subsequently, it has been described as "schizoid", appearing as "two distinct and incongruous buildings." The medieval architecture of the office wing echoed social concerns of the 1880s, when the National Guard was frequently called out to suppress civil unrest such as strikes. The towers and crenellation suggested the authority and power of the military of an earlier time.

By the early 1910s, the Guard was more integrated with the Army, and their units became more focused on national defense purposes, training and equipping for the battlefield instead of the streets. The design of the drill shed reflects this changing function, its steel and glass making the whole a stylistic hybrid similar to the Brooklyn Bridge and the 1901 Squadron C Armory in Brooklyn, also designed by Pilcher's firm, the first armory in which the steel drill hall is a prominent element when seen from the outside. "It points toward a moment when historical ornament will be stripped away," writes David Bady of Lehman College, "leaving engineering to be admired as architecture."

History

The Eighth Regiment
The Eighth Regiment, New York State Militia traces its lineage from units constituted in 1786. Since it was part of the honor guard at George Washington's inauguration, it later acquired the informal name of the Washington Greys. The Eighth Regiment now has descendants in the 258th Field Artillery. Since 1895, it had been based at the old Squadron A Armory on Park Avenue in Manhattan.

In 1911 the New York State Legislature authorized the construction of a new armory using what had already been excavated as the planned eastern basin for Jerome Park Reservoir. Some military artifacts were unearthed, probably from the nearby sites of Revolutionary War forts Independence and Number Five, but no formal archeological survey was done. The firm of Lewis Pilcher, who became  state architect two years later, was commissioned.

Use as armory
During World War II the armory was active in the war effort. Herbert Lehman, a former governor and U.S. Senator, ceremonially reviewed 10,000 troops there at a 1942 event. It was one of the few registration sites in the city for immigrants from enemy nations. After the war the city offered it to the United Nations General Assembly as a temporary meeting place until the main UN building was finished.

In 1957 the two rear buildings were constructed. It was designated a city landmark in 1974. At that time the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission called it "an outstanding example of military architecture." Over the years following, the main armory building was neglected, and by the 1990s, the Guard units who called it home were running most of their operations from the annex buildings on West 195th.

For a period in the 1980s it was used as a homeless shelter. In 1994, one of the community school districts proposed that new schools be built on the site. The state Division of Military and Naval Affairs transferred title to the armory and its property to New York City two years later, whereupon the city began trying to find a new location for two of the three units that trained at the armory.

Redevelopment proposals

Early proposals

As early as 1994 community activists had agitated for all or some of the armory to be adapted for school use, due to overcrowding of other nearby schools. Local opposition in 2000 stopped a redevelopment plan that did not include schools. Afterwards, they persuaded the city to spend $31 million replacing the armory's roof and making other repairs.

After all Guard units save the 258th Field Artillery Regiment, the descendant of the original Eighth Regiment, left, the city gave a grant to a local nonprofit, the Bronx Overall Economic Development Corporation (BOEDC), to come up with a plan for reuse and redevelopment. It was estimated that structural repairs alone would cost as much as $40 million. Proposals ranged from the school plan to one from City Councilman G. Oliver Koppell to develop it into an amateur athletic center. A BOEDC official likened the process to "dealing with several buildings in one."

The armory had always been available for temporary uses. Over the years it had hosted dog and boat shows, as well as boxing matches. In 2006 Warner Bros. rented the armory for six months to make the Will Smith film I Am Legend. It was used for both preproduction and principal photography,  with sets built for scenes set in Washington Square Park. The music video for the song "Just Tonight" by rock band The Pretty Reckless was filmed at the armory in 2010.

Controversies and changes
In 2008, as the city prepared to announce the winning bidder, local activists, community groups and labor unions formed the Kingsbridge Armory Redevelopment Alliance (KARA) to pressure the city for a Community Benefits Agreement (CBA) as part of the project. A CBA would have required living wage provisions and union representation not only for any construction work but for jobs with any tenants. KARA also sought to have schools included in the plan, which city officials said was impossible.

The winning bidder, The Related Companies, pledged to invest $310 million in redeveloping the armory into a shopping mall complex. The company already had negotiated a CBA for its Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, but never reached any agreement with KARA for the armory, saying its wage demands would have made it impossible to attract tenants. Concerns were also raised about traffic issues a mall might create. In 2009, opposition was strong enough that when the city's Planning Commission approved the project, the vote by the usually unanimous body split 8-4 with one abstention, with representatives appointed by the Manhattan and Queens borough presidents joined their Bronx counterpart and the Public Advocate's representative.

In 2010 the full City Council rejected the plan by 45-1, with one abstention. Mayor Michael Bloomberg expressed disappointment that the proposal had failed, one of the rare redevelopment proposals from his administration to suffer that fate. The mayor's veto was overridden 48-1, with an abstention, a week later. Related blamed its failure on KARA's wage demands. The activist group said it was "one step closer to achieving a redeveloped Armory that truly benefits the community." Residents of the area were defiant. "We're not suckers in the Bronx," one said. "We're not going to take whatever somebody is offering." Some said they felt the neighborhood needed schools more than malls. Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz, Jr., made the defeat of Related's plan the starting point of a campaign to get living-wage legislation enacted citywide for taxpayer-subsidized projects. Bloomberg later blocked plans to move the Guard unit still at the armory to another facility in the borough, and advocated for opening a homeless shelter in the other annex building, a move perceived as retaliation. Governor-elect Andrew Cuomo named Diaz to his transition team on economic development, which was also seen as a message to Bloomberg.

Efforts to plan a redevelopment of the armory continue. In fall of 2010, Diaz's office retained graduate students and faculty in the Capstone Program at New York University's Wagner School of Public Service to develop a plan. Diaz later skipped a meeting with Bloomberg's deputies as a protest against the mayor's plan to use the armory as one of several new homeless shelters.

New proposals
In 2012 a new redevelopment proposal was announced. A Deutsche Bank group proposed what it claimed would be the world's largest indoor ice rink complex, called the Kingsbridge National Ice Center (KNIC), with nine ice rinks and 5,000 seat ice hockey arena in. Two New York skating stars, New York Rangers icon Mark Messier and Olympic gold medalist Sarah Hughes, served as spokespeople. Diaz has given it his endorsement as well, although residents of the area were less enthusiastic. After review by the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC), Bloomberg and Messier appeared at a press conference in April 2013 to announce the city and the developers had reached a deal, which still required the approval of council. The ice center was approved in 2013, but because KNIC did not have sufficient financing, the NYCEDC did not agree to transfer the lease until May 2017. By 2018, KNIC had raised $35 million of private funds and Citibank was planning to provide the rest of the $170 million needed for the project.

During the time that the armory has stood empty, it has been used as an emergency supply and food distribution center during disasters. The armory was used for such purposes after Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020. By March 2021, the ice center was still being planned, but the work had not yet begun.  The plan to redevelop the Kingsbridge Heights site fell through at the end of 2021 when New York City finally terminated its contract with Kingsbridge National Ice Center. A New York Supreme Court ruling gave the NYCEDC full ownership of the armory after KNIC failed for eight years to secure proper funding for the space's development.

By October 2022, the NYCEDC was again soliciting proposals for the redevelopment of the Kingsbridge Armory. Local community groups advocated for the NYCEDC to allow them to become more involved in the armory's redevelopment New York City Council speaker Adrienne Adams allocated $5 million for the site's development to Pierina Sanchez, the councilperson for the City Council's 14th District, which included the armory. Another plan for redevelopment was announced in August 2023, when governor Kathy Hochul and mayor Eric Adams announced that the city and state would give $200 million in grant funds for unspecified renovations of the armory.

See also
 List of armories and arsenals in New York City and surrounding counties
 List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx
 National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx

References
Notes

External links

Buildings and structures in the Bronx
Armories in New York City
Armories on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in the Bronx
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx
Installations of the United States Army National Guard
Bridges completed in 1917
1917 establishments in New York City
Jerome Park, Bronx
Military facilities in the Bronx


Live in Concert! Greatest Hits and More is a live album by New Jersey rock band The Smithereens, released in 2008 by Koch Records.

The album features music from The Smithereens' four-night stint at The Court Tavern in New Brunswick, New Jersey, which took place January 30 - February 2, 2008. The band, all hailing from surrounding Central Jersey towns, played the Court Tavern often at the start of their career. Jim Babjak: "There's no doubt the Court Tavern was our Cavern Club, so it was a natural choice". The band charged only $5 for admission, the same price as when they used to play there in the early 1980s. Kurt Reil of The Grip Weeds recorded all four nights on his portable studio equipment and later mixed the best performances at his House of Vibes studio.

In addition to the band's best-known songs, the album features live recordings of two Pat DiNizio solo songs, "Any Other Way" and "Since You Went Away", originally released on his 2007 album, Pat DiNizio. The set also includes Buddy Holly's "Well All Right", and an interpretation of the "Batman Theme", a live staple for the band. Though the album's 11 minute version of "House We Used to Live In" wasn't planned, according to Babjak, the song always had an extended ending for live shows. "When I thought I was about to wrap up the jam at what is now the halfway point, Pat pulled out a harmonica", Babjak explained. "This surprise added a whole new dimension and I was thrilled when I heard the results. The chemistry between the four of us was really strong that night. Luckily, this spontaneous jam was captured on tape".

Track listing
All songs written by Pat DiNizio, except where noted.

Personnel
The Smithereens
Pat DiNizio – vocals, guitar
Jim Babjak – guitar, vocals
Severo "The Thrilla" Jornacion – bass, vocals
Dennis Diken – drums, vocals
Technical
Kurt Reil – engineer, mixing
Mike Olear – assistant
John Koneval – assistant
Kristin Pinell – assistant
Joe Lambert – mastering
Paul Grosso – creative direction
Andrew Kelley – art direction, design
Todd Sinclair - original cover concept
Anne M. Bray – front cover photography
Paulie Gee – back cover & inside booklet photography
Chris Jordan – liner notes

References

External links
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4

The Smithereens albums
2008 live albums


John Anthony Reder (September 24, 1909 – April 12, 1990) was a Polish-American sportsman who, during the 1930s, played soccer with Fall River F.C. and the New Bedford Whalers and baseball for the Boston Red Sox. In soccer, he played as a goalkeeper and won three American Soccer League titles and two National Challenge Cup titles. In baseball, he played as a first baseman for the Boston Red Sox, and was voted Most Valuable Player of the New York–Penn League while playing for the Williamsport Grays. Together with Moe Drabowsky, Nap Kloza and Henry Peploski, Reder is one of only four Major League Baseball players to be born in Poland.

Soccer career

Early years
Born in Lublin, Poland, Reder emigrated to the United States with his family as a youth and settled in Fall River, Massachusetts. Reder initially played as a goalkeeper for several local Fall River amateur teams, including Champion Niagara and Walsh Chevrolet. He helped the latter team reach the quarter-finals of the 1929 National Challenge Cup where they eventually lost 5–1 to Bethlehem Steel. Despite letting in five goals, Reder was noted for his performance.

Fall River F.C.
As a result of his exploits with Walsh Chevrolet, Reder signed with Fall River F.C. in 1929. Together with a team that included Billy Gonsalves, Bert Patenaude, Werner Nilsen and Alex McNab, Reder helped the 'Marksmen' win American Soccer League titles in both the spring and fall seasons. He also helped them win the National Challenge Cup in both 1930 and 1931. In the 1930 final, the 'Marksmen' defeated Cleveland Bruell Insurance 9–3 on aggregate in a two-leg final and Reder kept goal in both games. On May 30, 1930 he also played for the 'Marksmen' in a 3–2 defeat against a touring Rangers.

In 1931 when Sam Mark relocated and merged the 'Marksmen' franchise twice, Reder followed the team on both occasions. They first moved to New York City, where they merged with New York Soccer Club and became the New York Yankees. However, before the merger was finalized, the 'Marksmen' had entered the National Challenge Cup. After the move, the new club was unable to re-register for the competition, so they continued to play in the Challenge Cup as Fall River F.C.. Reder played in all three games when they beat the Chicago Bricklayers in a final played as a three-game series. At the same time they competed in the Spring 1931 American Soccer League season as the New York Yankees, finishing in third place. In the summer of 1931, Reder also played for a Yankees team featuring Billy Gonsalves, Bert Patenaude and George Moorhouse that twice played Celtic in friendlies. On May 30 at Fenway Park the Yankees won 4–3. However, on June 28 at Yankee Stadium, Celtic won the second game 4–1. For the Fall 1931 season the Yankees moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where they merged with Fall River F.C. to become the New Bedford Whalers. While playing for the Whalers, Reder won a third ASL title.

Baseball
Before embarking on a career as a soccer goalkeeper, Reder had played as a first baseman for his high school baseball team. With the decline of the American Soccer League, he then switched back to baseball and in 1932 played 17 games for the Boston Red Sox. After making his debut on April 16, he played ten games at first base, one at third, and six as a pinch-hitter. He had a record of 5 hits, 4 runs, 1 double, 3 RBI, 6 walks and 6 strikeouts and played his last game for the Red Sox on June 12. Reder subsequently played for the Hazleton Mountaineers, Reading Red Sox, and Williamsport Grays in the New York–Penn League and for the Syracuse Chiefs of the International League before ending his baseball career at the age of 28. In 1935, while playing for the Grays, he was voted Most Valuable Player in the New York–Penn League.

Later years
Reder subsequently worked as an engineer and served in the United States Navy during World War II, before returning to Fall River, Massachusetts, where he died in 1990 from arteriosclerotic heart disease. He was buried in St. Patrick's Cemetery, Fall River.

Honors

Soccer

Fall River F.C.

American Soccer League
Winners (2):  Spring 1930, Fall 1930
National Challenge Cup
Winners (2): 1930, 1931

New Bedford Whalers

American Soccer League
Winners (1):  Fall 1931

Baseball

Williamsport Grays

New York–Penn League
Most Valuable Player (1935)

Notes

References

External links

1909 births
1990 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Hazleton Mountaineers players
Reading Red Sox players
Williamsport Grays players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball players from Poland
Sportspeople from Fall River, Massachusetts
American people of Polish descent
Polish men's footballers
American men's soccer players
American Soccer League (1921–1933) players
Fall River F.C. (1922–1931) players
New York Yankees (soccer) players
New Bedford Whalers players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Sportspeople from Lublin
People from Lublin Governorate
Emigrants from Congress Poland to the United States
Men's association football goalkeepers