Gustaf Adolf Jonsson (26 June 1879 – 30 April 1949) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1908, the 1912 and the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1908 he won the silver medal in the team free rifle event.

In the team military rifle event he finished fifth and in the 300 metre free rifle competition he finished 15th.

Four years later he won the gold medal as member of the Swedish free rifle.

In the 300 metre free rifle, three positions event he finished eleventh and in the 300 metre military rifle, three positions competition he finished 16th.

In 1920 he won the bronze medal as part of the Swedish 600 metre military rifle, prone team.

In the 300 and 600 metre team military rifle, prone event he finished sixth. He also participated in the 300 metre military rifle, prone competition and in the 600 metre military rifle, prone event but his exact place is unknown.

References

External links
Profile

1879 births
1949 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Sport shooters from Stockholm
19th-century Swedish people
20th-century Swedish people


Frans Michel Penning (12 September 1894 – 6 December 1953) was a Dutch experimental physicist.  He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields.  He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry.

Biography

Early life and education
Penning was born in west Netherlands in the town of Gorinchem on 12 September 1894.
Penning attended the University of Leiden. He studied mathematics and physics as a graduate student under Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Penning's doctoral work involved measuring thermodynamic properties of various gases at extremely low temperatures. Penning received his PhD on June 25, 1923, with a dissertation entitled Metingen over isopyknen van gassen bij lage temperaturen (Measurements on isometric density lines of gases at low temperatures).

Family
His father Louwrens Penning, was a popular novelist in the Dutch literary community; most known for romanticizing the Anglo-Boer War. His mother was Adriana Jenneke Machelina Heijmans. Penning married Margje Dercksen in 1921 and they had six children named Lourens, Hendricus, Paul, Ad, Nellie and Else

Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium

Early career
In 1924, Penning was hired as an experimental physicist at the Dutch section of the Philips research department located in the Strijp district of Eindhoven. Gilles Holst, former assistant to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and head of the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (NatLab), tasked Penning with continuing research on gas discharge phenomena to develop new lamps.
Penning investigated breakdown energy potentials of low pressure inert gas discharges. In 1926, Penning observed that electrons under direct voltage current in low-pressure mercury discharges reach high velocities due to high-frequency oscillations in the gas. This observations challenged Irving Langmuir's observations. Penning also investigated the impact gas density and electrode distance have on the voltage and stability of noble gas mixture discharges by measuring Paschen curves.

Penning ionization
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. The Penning effect, as it is often called, describes an ionization chain reaction caused by high energy collision between excited inert gas (i.g. argon) metastable atoms and trace gas impurities whose ionization potential is less than the stored potential of the meta-stable molecule. These collisions cause the release of electrons; which can interact with other stable noble gas molecules to create more meta-stables, resulting in more ionizing reactions. Penning first reported the effect in 1927. The Penning effect is used in gas-discharge neon lamps and fluorescent lamps, where the lamp is filled with a Penning mixture to improve the electrical characteristics.

Penning gauge
Penning invented a type of cold cathode vacuum gauge known as the Penning gauge, which Philips commercialized.

Penning investigated the effect of magnetic fields on low pressure gas discharges. He determined that the energy current through a discharge tube in a magnetic field could be used to reliably measure the pressure. In his first attempt to measure the energy current, Penning used a triode ion gauge system with a linear electron flight path. This method worked, but was fragile and ineffective at very low pressures. In his second attempt, he equipped his vacuum tube with a ring shaped cathode and two anode plates above and below in a magnetic field. Electrons now traveled a longer flight path out of the ring, between electrodes in a spiral orbit. Increasing the electron flight path allowed for more collisions with meta-stable atoms. This amplified the electron signal, which was sufficient to measure gas pressure. The Penning manometer (vacuum gauge) emerged as a practical application.

Penning trap
The Penning trap stores charged particles by magnetic and electric fields.  It was named after Penning by Hans Georg Dehmelt who built the first trap. Dehmelt got inspiration from the vacuum gauge built by Penning where a current through a discharge tube in a magnetic field is proportional to the pressure. Penning traps are currently used for magnetic measurements and are an active research topic. The introduction of this trap has led to new approaches in high resolution mass spectrometry with mass spectrometers such as the ion cyclotron, resonance spectrometer, or ion trap.

Late career
For a short period during World War Two Penning worked at the Philips Tube Factory developing high frequency electron tubes. Penning, with M. J. Druyveseyn, wrote a review of his work on gas discharges that was published in 1940 in the American journal Reviews of Modern Physics. Due to the German occupation of the Netherlands, Penning did not see the published text until 1946.
After the war he focused on the phenomena of cathode fall during glow-discharge reactions. Penning created a cathode tube with a more stable voltages by removing the oxide layer from the cathode; this allowed for consistent measurement of cathode fall.
In the 1950s Penning’s health began to deteriorate. He died on December 6, 1953, at Utrecht.

Selected patents
Magnetic field controlled gas filled discharge device, US2543702A, 1941-04-11
Device comprising a glow discharge tube, US2577352A, 1948-01-14
Coating by cathode disintegration, US2146025A, 1935-12-28
Electronic device, US2211668A, 1937-01-23

Selected publications
 Penning, F. M., Metingen over isopyknen van gassen bij lage temperature. Ph.D. dissertation. Leiden, 1923.
 Penning, F. M., "Scattering of electrons in ionized gas", Nature, Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium 118: 301. doi:10.1038/118301a01926. Eindhoven, Holland, 1926.
 Druyvesteyn, M. J., and Penning F. M., "The Mechanism of Electrical Discharges in Gases of Low Pressure". Reviews of Modern Physics, Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium 12(2): 87–174. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.12.87. Eindhoven, Holland, 1940.
 Penning, F. M., "Electrical discharges in gases". Translation of "Electrische gasontladingen". Philips Technical Library, Macmillan. New York, 1957.
 Penning, F. M., "The contraction phenomenon in a neon glow discharge with molybdenum". Philips Technical Library Eindhoven, Holland, 1945

See also
Timeline of low-temperature technology

References

1894 births
1953 deaths
20th-century Dutch physicists
People from Gorinchem
Vacuum
Leiden University alumni


Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) is a bi-monthly psychology journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal emphasizes the publication of empirical research articles but also publishes literature reviews, criticism, and methodological or theoretical statements spanning the entire range of social psychological issues.

In 2015, the journal banned p-values (and related inferential statistics such as confidence intervals) as evidence in papers accepted by the journal, replacing hypothesis testing with "strong descriptive statistics, including effect sizes" on the grounds that "the state of the art [for hypothesis testing] remains uncertain".

References

External links
 Official webpage

English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1980
Social psychology journals
Taylor & Francis academic journals
Bimonthly journals


Poolbeg Lighthouse is an active aid to navigation at the mouth of the River Liffey, near Poolbeg in Dublin, Ireland. First established in 1767, it initially operated on candlepower but this was changed to oil in 1786. It was re-designed and re-built into its present form in 1820.

Location

The lighthouse, one of a formation of three, is located on the Great South Wall (South Bull Wall), at the Port of Dublin, which extends from Ringsend's Poolbeg peninsula nearly four miles out into Dublin Bay. The wall was the world's longest at the time of its building, and remains one of the longest sea-walls in Europe.  One of the other two lighthouses is located on the Bull Wall opposite, and the other on a wooden platform mid-channel.

The Poolbeg Lighthouse is a handsome and conspicuous feature in the bay, in which it occupies an almost central position. It is nearly equidistant from Dublin, Dún Laoghaire, and Howth, and commands extensive views of the shores of the bay, with an unbroken panorama of the mountains on the south. Howth with its heather-clad hills, bright green fields and rugged reaches of sea cliff, is very visible from this point.

Original building

The lighthouse when originally constructed, presented an entirely different appearance from what it does at the present time. It was not as high as the existing structure, it sloped much more rapidly towards the top, and was surmounted by an octagonal lantern with eight heavy glass windows. A stone staircase with an iron balustrade led to the second storey, where an iron gallery surrounded the whole building.

The alteration to the present form was made in the early part of the nineteenth century.

Management
The lighthouse, automated for many years, is managed by Dublin Port Company, whereas most lighthouses in Ireland are managed by the Commissioners of Irish Lights, today part of a larger cross-border body.

Standard height measurement for Ordnance Survey Ireland

Historically, the Ordnance Survey Ireland used the low water mark of the spring tide on 8 April 1837 at the Poolbeg Lighthouse as a standard height for all its maps, a practice which continued up until 1958.

Colouring

The Poolbeg Lighthouse is painted red. The green lighthouse on the opposite side of the channel is the North Bull lighthouse, a couple of metres off the end of the North Bull Wall, and another green lighthouse the North Bank Lighthouse is also located next to the shipping channel into Dublin. As with all navigational aids marking a channel, the port side as one heads upstream is indicated by red markers whilst the right hand side or starboard of the channel is green.

Incidents
In 2016, a 48-year-old man drowned in the sea near the lighthouse while playing the augmented-reality video game Ingress, having possibly tripped on a raised water grate at the edge of the pier. The grates have since been removed.

See also
 Lighthouses in Ireland

References

External links

Commissioners of Irish Lights

Lighthouses completed in 1768
Towers completed in 1768
Lighthouses completed in 1820
Lighthouses in the Republic of Ireland
Dublin Bay
1768 establishments in Ireland


Tirumati Leelawathy Ramanathan (née R. L. Harrison in 1870) was the Australia-born wife of Ponnambalam Ramanathan of the Ponnambalam-Coomaraswamy family. Lady Ramanathan was an Englishwoman who was born in Australia where her father was involved in gold mining. All references to her maiden name record her only as R.L. Harrison. She, as a young woman, had been attracted by the Theosophical Movement in Australia and, searching for further spiritual enlightenment, arrived in Ceylon where Sir Thiru Ponnambalam Ramanathan became her guru. Later she married Ramanathan who had been a widower for many years. She became a Hindu and took the name Leelavathy. After the reformed Council years, they spent much of their time in Kodaikanal where they had three houses, Ammanadi, Sivanadi, and Muruganadi. When Sir Ramanathan died in 1924, she took to wearing the white of a Hindu widow, built the Kurinji Andavar Temple in her husband's memory, overlooking the Palani shrine of Lord Sri Muruga. Along its slopes that would be covered with kurinji flowers, she would perform a Puja and worship there every afternoon. It is said that she took solace in paying obeisance to the deities of the Saiva and Saktha traditions and immersing herself in the study of Hindu theology.

Hinduism
She studied Hindu scriptures, and converted to Hinduism upon marrying Ponnambalam Ramanathan in 1906. She wrote many Hindu books, including a version of the Ramayana in English. She also published many of Ponnambalam's lectures on Hinduism.

References

1870 births
Converts to Hinduism
Hindu activists
Hindu writers
Australian Hindus
Sri Lankan Hindus
Australian emigrants to Sri Lanka
Year of death missing


Claës J. Rundberg (14 November 1874 – 27 May 1958) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics, where he won the silver medal in the team free rifle event. He was also a member of the Swedish team which finished fifth in the team military rifle event.

References

External links
profile

1874 births
1958 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
19th-century Swedish people
20th-century Swedish people


The Jefferson Historic District is a historic district in the small community of Jefferson, Alabama, United States.  The community was founded in 1810.  The district consists of thirteen Greek Revival buildings that were selected for inclusion due to their significance as examples of the pre-Civil War plantation economy of the Deep South.  Some of the buildings included in the district are the Lewis Simmons House (1856), James Aldridge House, Basil Grant House (1855), Dr. James Hildreth House (1848), Frederick Westbrook House (1844), W. L. Kelley House, James Richard Bryan House (1848), Jefferson Methodist Church (1856), and Jefferson Baptist Church (1860).

References

National Register of Historic Places in Marengo County, Alabama
Historic districts in Marengo County, Alabama
Greek Revival architecture in Alabama
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama


Allan Sloan (born 1944) is an American journalist, formerly senior editor at large at Fortune magazine. He is currently a columnist for The Washington Post.

Sloan was born in Brooklyn, New York and is a 1966 graduate of Brooklyn College with a B.A.; he received his M.S. as a 1967 graduate of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He attended the Jewish Theological Seminary for two years while he was an undergraduate at Brooklyn College.

Career
Sloan has spoken about the economy on television shows such as Charlie Rose, The Colbert Report and regularly on American Public Media's Marketplace found on NPR.

His first experience in journalism was as a freshman at Brooklyn College. He had been complaining about the student newspaper when his English professor told him that if he thought he could do a better job, then go to work for the paper.

Sloan began his first job writing, in 1969, with the Charlotte Observer; he originally wanted to be a sports writer, but he was assigned to writing about real estate. In December 1969, he was assigned to business and the economy.

Sloan continued working as a journalist, first as a business reporter for the  Detroit Free Press, (1972-1978) and later, as a staff writer for Money magazine (1982-1984). He worked as an associated editor for Forbes magazine (1979-1981) and as senior editor (1984-1988). He was a syndicated columnist for Newsday, before leaving for Newsweek.

In 1995, Sloan began working for Newsweek as their Wall Street editor. In 2005, during the controversy surrounding Halliburton and Dick Cheney, Sloan wrote in his article, "Halliburton Pays Dearly but Finally Escapes Cheney's Asbestos Mess," noting that "As Cheney's Dresser misadventure shows, today's triumphant deal champ can be tomorrow's chump." Ten months later, In a Mother Jones article, "Bush's Bad Business Empire," Sloan, was quoted from the article, saying "Cheney was a 'CEO who messed up big-time.'"

In 2007, Sloan left Newsweek and began working as Senior Editor at Large, for Fortune magazine. In 2008, Sloan won the Gerald Loeb Award for the seventh time; the prize was given for his story "House of Junk", which showed how subprime mortgages "went bad". In a 2009 story, "Unheeded Warnings," Chris Roush spoke to the fact that journalists had been "waving the red flag" for several years, in the lead up to the Financial crisis of 2007–2008. Roush quoted Sloan as saying "The fact that housing was a bubble was printed a million times."

In July 2014, "Positively Un-American" was published in Fortune, reporting on corporations dodging billions in taxes and leaving taxpayers to pay for their share. The in-depth article, described how the U.S. could be expected to lose approximately $19.5 billion in tax revenue between 2015 and 2024 if corporate tax reform wasn't implemented.

In the article, he included this self-described "rant":

He went on, in the article, to describe how inverters hesitate when it's time to "ante up" and pay their fair share of taxes.

On July 22, 2014, Sloan spoke before the United States Senate Committee on Finance, and suggested in closing, that it would be "absolutely tragic" if Congress allowed politics to stop reforms that were needed and allow the subject to dissolve into soundbites and rhetoric.

Sloan left Fortune in 2014, with his last article published in December 2014. As of 2020, Sloan continues to write as a columnist for the Washington Post.

Awards and recognition
Sloan has received many awards over the span of his more than 50-year career. He was picked as the Business Journalist of the Decade, by Talking Biz News for the first decade of the 21st century.
 1975 Gerald Loeb Award for Large Newspapers for "Utility Rates: Too High or Too Low?", The Detroit Free Press
 1985 Gerald Loeb Award for Magazines for "Full Speed Ahead - Damn the Torpedoes," Forbes
 1991 Gerald Loeb Award for Commentary for "Deal" columns, Newsday
 1991 John Hancock Award for Excellence in Business and Finance Journalism, Newsday
 1993 Gerald Loeb Award for Commentary for "Deal" columns, Newsday
 1998 Gerald Loeb Award for Commentary for selected columns, Newsweek
 1999 Alumnus of the Year, Columbia School of Journalism
 2001 Gerald Loeb Lifetime Achievement Award
 2001 Distinguished Achievement Award, Society of American Business Editors and Writers
 2008 Gerald Loeb Award for Magazines for "House of Junk,"  Fortune
 2014 Finalist, Best in Business, Government, Society of American Business Editors and Writers, "Positively Un-American," Forbes

References

External links
 Biography at NewsBios

 C-SPAN Q&A interview with Sloan and Geoffrey Colvin, September 30, 2012

American male journalists
Brooklyn College alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Columns, Commentary, and Editorials
Fortune (magazine) people
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Large Newspapers
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Magazines
Gerald Loeb Lifetime Achievement Award winners


U.S. Bank Center may refer to:

 U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee), a skyscraper in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the tallest building in the state of Wisconsin, and the tallest building between Chicago and Minneapolis
 U.S. Bank Center (Phoenix), a highrise in Phoenix, Arizona
 U.S. Bank Center (Seattle), a high-rise office tower in Seattle, Washington

See also
U.S. Bank Building (disambiguation)
U.S. Bank Plaza (disambiguation)
U.S. Bank Tower (disambiguation)


The Journal of Applied Social Psychology is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal.  The journal was established in 1971 by Professor Dr. Siegfried Streufert at Purdue University who edited the Journal for the first ten years.  Its current editor-in-chief is Richard J. Crisp (Aston University). The journal is devoted to applications of experimental research to the problems of society (e.g. health, safety, gender, law). It was published by Bellwether Publishing until 2006, when it was acquired by Wiley-Blackwell.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.231, ranking it 44th out of 62 journals in the category "Psychology Social".

References

External links

Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1971
Applied psychology journals
Social psychology journals
Monthly journals


Kostas Martakis (; born 25 May 1984) is a Greek singer, model, television host and actor, who rose to fame after appearing on Greek talent show Dream Show aired by Alpha TV in 2006. Following his participation, he released five studio albums and also participated in the Greek national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 and 2014. In 2011, he participated in the second season of Greece's Dancing with the Stars, placing second and three years later he was in the backstage host featuring Doukissa Nomikou.  In 2013, he took part in the first season of Your Face Sounds Familiar.

Biography

Early life
Martakis was born on 25 May 1984 in Athens to Nikolaos Politis and Labrini Lymberopoulou. His father is from Mytilene, while his mother is a Greek-Australian. Martakis has an older sister named Tina and a younger brother Nikos.

2006–2007: Dream Show and debut album
Martakis first gained fame on the reality talent show Dream Show. Prior he had also done modelling work and played basketball in the Greek professional leagues where he won medals, as well as majoring in computer technologies at American College of Greece. Shortly after his appearance on Dream Show, he signed a contract with Sony BMG Greece and released his first CD-single in the summer of 2006 titled "Panda Mazi" (Always together). By winter 2006, Martakis was singing alongside Despina Vandi and Giorgos Mazonakis at REX night club, while in summer 2007 he starting singing with Kelly Kelekidou and Dionisis Makris at "Romeo" summer club.

In June 2007, Martakis released his first studio album titled  Anatropi (Reversal). The album was generally well received, leading him to win the award for "Best New Artist" at the MAD Video Music Awards 2007.

In the summer of 2007, he also took part of the international competition New Wave Festival 2007 held in Latvia, where he scored 2nd place, winning 1st place in the public vote. Shortly after, he was booked by Sony BMG Russia to release an English album in all the ex-soviet countries in 2008, although this never materialized and his collaboration with the Russian branch was terminated.

2008: Greece's Eurovision national final

Seeing his growing popularity, ERT asked him to compete in the Greek national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. Kostas Martakis competed in the Greek National Final with a song by Dimitris Kontopoulos, with lyrics by Vicky Gerothodorou. The song was "Always and Forever". and it was recorded in two different styles. The pop rock version of the song was originally supposed to be performed at the National Final, but the dance version was chosen instead by Martakis and his label. The winning entrant was "Secret Combination" by Kalomoira, and Martakis' entry "Always and Forever" placed second. Following the Greek national final, a Russian language cover of "Always and Forever" based on the dance version with the title "С тобой навеки" (With you forever) was released in ex-soviet countries, while in December 2008, "Always & Forever" was added to American retailer Abercrombie & Fitch's nationwide US in-store music playlist, thus indirectly introducing the song to the American market.

Kostas Martakis and Danish-Greek singer Shaya were chosen to record a Greek-language version of Right Here, Right Now from the soundtrack of the Disney film High School Musical 3: Senior Year. The cover was titled "Mikroi Theoi" (Little Gods) and was released as a single from the Greek edition of the film's soundtrack, as well as being made into a music video with Martakis and Shaya molded together with scenes from the film. The music video was included as a bonus feature on the Greek edition of the film's home video release. Walt Disney Records, via its international distribution partner EMI, commissioned several local market, foreign-language versions of songs from the entire High School Musical series, although "Mikroi Theoi" was the only Greek version song.

"Fila Me" is another single by Martakis of which was made into a music video and released as a digital single. Martakis then took a break from recording and live shows as he was called to fulfill service in the Hellenic Navy.

In fall 2008, Kostas Martakis was the opening act for the Athens concert of Jennifer Lopez.

2009: Pio Konta

In March 2009, it was announced that Kostas Martakis signed with Universal Music Greece. The collaboration with Sony BMG helped spawn nine singles, but his departure from the label in 2009 was on good terms.

In June 2009, Martakis released a song as a digital download single titled "Pio Konta" (Come closer) composed by Swedish producers Holter & Erixson. On November 12, 2009, Martakis released his second studio album titled Pio Konta, which went platinum.

2011: Sex Indigo, Dancing with the Stars and Entasi

In early 2011, Martakis participated in the second season of the Greek version of Dancing with the Stars and was partnered with Maria Antimisari. He placed second on the show. In March 2011, he traveled to Moscow to record the duet titled "Sex Indigo" with Russian pop star Diana Diez. A video was shot in Ukraine by the director Alan Badoev, while the song will be included in both artist's new albums. The premiere of song  "Sex Indigo" was on March 18, the version of "Sex Indigo" in Greek "Vres Ton Tropo" (Find the Way) was premiere on April 28 and the version of "Sex Indigo" in Spanish was the May 4. The world premieres of the three versions were on the Official Facebook Group of Kostas and the channel of the artist on YouTube, the letter of the Spanish version of "Sex Indigo" was written by Juliana Lira and Fermin Lira, The Sex Indigo video was premiered on July 14 for the ELLO channel and the Russian version was released on November 11 in the Diana Díez channel Official On YouTube.

2012: Entasi, MadWalk and Musical Rent

Martakis released his third studio album titled Entasi (Intensity) on December 5, 2011. In the lead up to the album's release, Martakis teamed up with MAD TV and Hellas On-Line (HOL) for a special web concert previewing is new songs on November 24, 2011.

The MadWalk By Vodafone. was held on February 8, 2012 in the Tae Kwon Do arena, the guest host being Martakis who shared the presentation with Viki Kagia and Maria Sinatsaki. and performed with them as in his music video Entasi in the second act.

On February 16, at the theater Veaki, Kostas made his acting debut in the musical Rent. He played the decadent rock star Roger Davis, telling the story of a group of marginalized young people, trying to survive in New York of the 90s, who suffer poverty, love, passion, rejection and loss. The musical was directed by Themidos Marcelou and with the participation of the actors Ada Livitsanou, Antigone Psychrami, Aris Plaskasovitis, Vasilis Axiotis, Christos Georgalis, Themis Marsellou, Stergios Ntaousanakis, Indra Kein, Andreas, and Maria Vasilatou Kapatais.

Entries in Ellinikós Telikós and Eurosong

Awards and nominations MAD Video Music Awards
List of nominations and awards by artist Kostas Martakis musical career 2006.

The 'MAD Video Music Awards' are produced by the television and radio station Greek MAD TV. Although not affiliated with the music industry, are the most important awards of Greece now.
Held annually during the month of June since 2004.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

References

External links

 ERT Biography

1984 births
Living people
21st-century Greek male singers
Greek pop singers
Greek male models
MAD Video Music Awards winners
Singers from Athens


Maudie Prickett (born Maudie Marie Doyle; October 25, 1914 – April 14, 1976) was an American character actress who performed in over 300 stage, film, and television productions during a career that spanned nearly four decades.

Career
Born in Portland, Oregon, Prickett often portrayed maids, aunts, secretaries, spinsters, busybodies, and nosy neighbors. She made 36 appearances on the television sitcom Hazel starring Shirley Booth as the title character's friend; Hazel and Rosie were maids in neighboring homes.

Prickett played a cook named Elvira in Harvey (1950) and a maid named Elsie in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959).
Prickett was also in the 1950s Western series The Adventures of Kit Carson and 26 Men. She played "Miss Tazey", Lois Lane's old nurse, in a 1952 episode of the Adventures of Superman.

She made nine appearances as Ms. Gordon on CBS's The Jack Benny Program. She played Miss Sanders, a secretary to Howard McNear's character Wilbur Wilgus, on a 1959 episode of the ABC sitcom The Donna Reed Show. She portrayed Alice MacAvity in a 1954 installment of the NBC sitcom It's a Great Life. She guest-starred in the 1957-1958 NBC sitcom Sally, and on CBS's Dennis the Menace. She appeared as a dentist's secretary in the episode "The Dentist" on another CBS sitcom, Angel. She played Mrs. Bennett in the 1958 episode "Beaver and Poncho", Leave it to Beaver. Prickett was in the 1962 short-lived ABC/Warner Bros. sitcom Room for One More and played a regular character on another short-lived series of the 1960s, The Tammy Grimes Show.

Prickett also appeared in several episodes of The Andy Griffith Show as, variously, Mrs. Edna Larch and Aunt Nora, as well as in the role of Myrtle on Mayberry R.F.D. She appeared twice on Get Smart; once playing Maxwell Smart's Aunt Bertha (in the 1965 episode, "My Nephew the Spy"). She played a DMV clerk on a 1969 episode of The Mod Squad. She played a landlady on a 1970 episode of the police drama Dragnet, and various characters in five episodes of the sitcom Bewitched. Her final television performances were 1974 roles as Mabel on the CBS series Dirty Sally and as Mrs. Chandler on McMillan & Wife.

Personal life
Maudie was married three times; all three of her husbands predeceased her. Her first marriage was in 1941 to Charles Fillmore Prickett II (1901–1954), the co-founder and general manager of the Pasadena Playhouse, with whom she had two children: Charles Fillmore Prickett III (1949–2006), who became an orthopedic surgeon, and a daughter, Mrs. Charie Laugharn (b. 1950).

In 1961, seven years after the death of her first husband, she married Dr. Eakle W. Cartwright, a physician, who died the following year. Her final marriage was to Cyril Bernard Cooper (1900–1971), who served as mayor of Pasadena from 1968 to 1970.

Death
In 1976, at age 61, Prickett died of uremic poisoning in Pasadena, California. She is interred at Mountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum in Altadena, California.

Selected filmography

 Gold Mine in the Sky (1938) - Customer (uncredited)
 Go West, Young Lady (1941) - Townswoman (uncredited)
 Two-Fisted Stranger (1946) - Widow Simpson (uncredited)
 The Fighting Frontiersman (1946) - Kate the Barber (uncredited)
 Boston Blackie and the Law (1946) - Miss Burton, Librarian (uncredited)
 The Lone Hand Texan (1947) - Hattie Hatfield (uncredited)
 Time Out of Mind (1947) - Annie
 Messenger of Peace (1947) - Matty Frommel
 Song of Idaho (1948) - Millie (uncredited)
 Eight-Ball Andy (1948) - Ruth Clyde
 Whirlwind Raiders (1948) - Mrs. Wallace (uncredited)
 Whiplash (1948) - Mrs. Gruman (uncredited)
 One Sunday Afternoon (1948) - Woman Barber (uncredited)
 The Fighting O'Flynn (1949) - Wife (uncredited)
 Lust for Gold (1949) - Wife (uncredited)
 Colorado Territory (1949) - Mrs. Wallace (uncredited)
 Mr. Soft Touch (1949) - Ugly Old Maid Tenant (uncredited)
 The Cowboy and the Indians (1949) - Ms. Summers (uncredited)
 Abandoned (1949) - Nurse Ferris (uncredited)
 The Inspector General (1949) - Townwoman (uncredited)
 Montana (1950) - Rancher's Wife (uncredited)
 No Sad Songs for Me (1950) - Anna, Woman at Train Depot (uncredited)
 Beyond the Purple Hills (1950) - Agnes (uncredited)
 No Way Out (1950) - Woman (uncredited)
 Between Midnight and Dawn (1950) - Nagging Wife (uncredited)
 Harvey (1950) - Elvira—Cook (uncredited)
 Her First Romance (1951) - Miss Pond - Schoolteacher
 The Model and the Marriage Broker (1951) - Delia Seaton (uncredited)
 Pecos River (1951) - Stage Passenger (uncredited)
 Belles on Their Toes (1952) - Lady with Fan (uncredited)
 Wait till the Sun Shines, Nellie (1952) - Mrs. Burdge (uncredited)
 Lost in Alaska (1952) - Woman in Window (uncredited)
 The Trap-Hopalong Cassidy TV Series (1952) - Christine, wife of the President of the Cattlemen's Association
 Monkey Business (1952) - Clerk (uncredited)
 Something for the Birds (1952) - Woman with Vacuum Cleaner (uncredited)
 Everything I Have Is Yours (1952) - Ella (uncredited)
 Million Dollar Mermaid (1952) - Grace - Nurse / Receptionist (uncredited)
 Stars and Stripes Forever (1952) - Thelma - Sousa's Maid (uncredited)
 Man in the Dark (1953) - Nurse Receptionist (uncredited)
 Scandal at Scourie (1953) - Mrs. Holahan (uncredited)
 Hannah Lee: An American Primitive (1953) - Mrs. Miller (uncredited)
 No Escape (1953) - Bookstore Clerk
 City of Bad Men (1953) - Indignant Townswoman (uncredited)
 Hot News (1953) - Screaming Woman (uncredited)
 Gun Fury (1953) - Mrs. Rogers (uncredited)
 Wyoming Renegades (1954) - Mrs. Argyle (uncredited)
 Woman's World (1954) - Mother (uncredited)
 Deep in My Heart (1954) - Lodge Manager (uncredited)
 A Man Called Peter (1955) - Mrs. Pike (uncredited)
 Man with the Gun (1955) - Mrs. Elderhorn (uncredited)
 Good Morning, Miss Dove (1955) - Miss Rice (uncredited)
 Navy Wife (1956) - Nurse (uncredited)
 The Phantom Stagecoach (1957) - Mrs. Wiggins
 Kiss Them for Me (1957) - Chief Nurse (uncredited)
 Thundering Jets (1958) - Mrs. Blocher
 The Legend of Tom Dooley (1959) - 2nd Old Maid (uncredited)
 North by Northwest (1959) - Elsie, the maid (uncredited)
 The Big Fisherman (1959) - Perturbed Mother (uncredited)
 The Absent Minded Professor (1961) - Woman in Street Interviewee (uncredited)
 Joy in the Morning (1965) - Saleslady (uncredited)
 I'll Take Sweden (1965) - Spinster
 The Gnome-Mobile (1967) - Katie Barrett
 With Six You Get Eggroll (1968) - Party Guest (uncredited)
 Sweet Charity (1969) - Nurse on Bridge (uncredited)
 Rascal (1969) - Miss Pince-nez (uncredited)
 The Maltese Bippy (1969) - Mrs. Potter

References

External links

American film actresses
American television actresses
Deaths from kidney failure
Actresses from Portland, Oregon
1914 births
1976 deaths
Burials in California
20th-century American actresses


Kiskatinaw (Cree for "cutbank" or "river with steep banks") is a tributary of the Peace River in northeastern British Columbia, Canada.

Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area is established around the headwaters of the river, and One Island Lake Provincial Park is located on the beginning course. The Kiskatinaw Provincial Park is established on the mid course of the river, east of the Alaska Highway, along the old alignment of the highway, at the site of a curved wooden bridge. This bridge was constructed with the Alaska Highway during the Second World War. Its curved design strategically helped  prevent attacks from bombs. Due to its hairpin curve, completion took nine months.

Fishing for walleye pike and rainbow trout is an attraction on the lower course of the river.

The river gives the name to the Kiskatinaw Formation, a siliciclastic formation of Carboniferous (Mississippian) age.

Course
The river originates in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, from Bearhole Lake in Bearhole Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area, at an elevation of approximately . It flows north and east, where it receives the waters of Sunderman Creek, the north, flowing by One Island Lake Provincial Park, after which it  merges with the West Kiskatinaw River. It continues north through the Upper Cutbank, then receives the Brassey Creek. It parallels Highway 52 on the eastern edge of Sunset Prairie, west of Bear Mountain. It is crossed by Highway 97 and then by the Alaska Highway before it turns north-east. It then flows through a canyon until it merges into the Peace River. It flows into the Peace River west of the Alberta/British Columbia border, within the limits of the Peace River Corridor Provincial Park, east of Taylor.

Tributaries
Bearhole Lake
Blackhawk Lake
Sunderman Creek
Borden Creek
Ministik Creek
One Island Lake
West Kiskatinaw River
Oetata Creek
Halfmoon Creek
Brassey Creek
Tremblay Creek
Fox Creek
Livingstone Creek
Sunset Creek
Coal Creek
Mica Creek

See also
List of rivers of British Columbia

References

External links

Rivers of British Columbia
Peace River Country
Peace River Regional District
Peace River Land District


Gustav-Adolf Sjöberg (22 March 1865 – 31 October 1937) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he was a member of the Swedish team which won the silver medal in the free rifle team event. He also finished fourth in the 300 metre free rifle competition.

References

External links
profile

1865 births
1937 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
19th-century Swedish people
20th-century Swedish people


The 1994 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom and was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 92nd edition of the tournament and was held from 6 June through 13 June 1994. Fifth-seeded Todd Martin won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Todd Martin defeated  Pete Sampras 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–4)
 It was Martin's 2nd title of the year and the 5th of his career.

Doubles

 Jan Apell /  Jonas Björkman defeated  Todd Woodbridge /  Mark Woodforde 3–6, 7–6, 6–4
 It was Apell's 2nd title of the year and the 3rd of his career. It was Björkman's 3rd title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 ATP tournament profile


Treatise on money may refer to
 Monetae cudendae ratio, also called Treatise on Money, 1526 paper by Nicolaus Copernicus
 A Treatise on Money, 1930 book by John Maynard Keynes


A Banda das Velhas Virgens is a 1979 Brazilian film by Amácio Mazzaropi.

In this movie, the character key, called 'Gostoso', is responsible for a band formed by older women and religious women. Everything goes well until the farmer is expelled, along with the family of their land. He restarts his life in the capital, collecting scrap, and becomes the main suspect of a theft.

Notes

1979 films
Brazilian comedy films
1970s Portuguese-language films
1979 comedy films


Jefferson Historic District may refer to:

in the United States
(by state)
Jefferson Historic District (Jefferson, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Alabama
Jefferson Historic District (Jefferson, Georgia), listed on the NRHP in Jackson County, Georgia
Jefferson Historic District (Lafayette, Indiana), listed on the NRHP in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
Jefferson Historic District (Jefferson, Texas), listed on the NRHP in Marion County, Texas
Jefferson Avenue Historic District (Ogden, Utah)


Ibrahim Kemoh Sesay (or Sessay) is a Sierra Leonean politician from the ruling All People's Congress (APC) political party. He is Sierra Leone's former Minister of Transportation and Aviation and member of the Pan-African Parliament.

Biography
Sesay is born in Port Loko, Port Loko District, a muslim and a member of the Temne ethnic group.

From 2002 on, he had served as a member of Parliament of Sierra Leone representing Port Loko District. Sesay easily won re-election in 2007 with 75.7% of the total vote in his district; he had defeated Munirr Sankoh of the Sierra Leone People's Party by nearly 9,000 votes. He was appointed Minister of Transportation by president Ernest Bai Koroma in October, 2007.

References

External links
State House Press Release
 http://www.statehouse.gov.sl/test2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=207&Itemid=1
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080118035856/http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20057203.shtml

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Government ministers of Sierra Leone
Members of the Parliament of Sierra Leone
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Sierra Leone
Temne people
All People's Congress politicians
Sierra Leonean Muslims
People from Port Loko District


"Tracking Treasure Down" is a song recorded by dance music DJs and producers Gabriel & Dresden.  Molly Bancroft collaborated with Josh Gabriel and Dave Dresden on "Tracking Treasure Down", which was a U.S. Hot Dance Club Play number-one single.  She appears in other songs on their 2007 artist album Gabriel & Dresden.

There has been a variety of remixes and releases of "Tracking Treasure Down" which have been mixed by Robbie Rivera, Francis Preve, Dave Seaman and Kyau & Albert. The song has played in clubs and concerts around the world.   The song also features vocals by Gabriel, Dresden, Josh Gabriel's wife Kristy, and his son Rowan.

In March 2013, Gabriel & Dresden released an update to the track titled "Tracking Treasure Down Revisited". The release also includes a remix from Dutch progressive house DJ, Dyro.

Formats and track listings

CD, Maxi Singles
Organized Nature Maxi-single
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Original Mix) - 10:25
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Vocal) - 8:00
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Dub) - 7:59
Tracking Treasure Down (Francis Preve Mix) - 6:37
Tracking Treasure Down (Group Therapy Mix) - 9:18
Tracking Treasure Down (Kyau & Albert Mix) - 7:36
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Low Tech Mix) - 6:11
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Mixshow Edit) - 6:49
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Radio Edit) - 3:06
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Extended Radio Mix) - 4:07
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Low Tech Radio Edit) - 3:48
Tracking Treasure Down (Acappella) - 3:35

iTunes Maxi-single
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Club Mix) - 10:19
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Dub) - 9:15
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Vox Mix) - 7:59
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Dub) - 7:52
Tracking Treasure Down (Dave Seaman's Group Therapy Mix) - 9:18
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Extended Radio Edit) - 4:06
Tracking Treasure Down (Francis Preve Mix) - 6:37

Central Station Maxi-single
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Radio Edit) - 3:09
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Extended Radio Mix) - 4:05
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Low Tech Radio Edit) - 3:50
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Mixshow Edit) - 6:44
Tracking Treasure Down (Francis Preve Mix) - 6:38
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Club Mix) - 10:18
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Low Tech Mix) - 5:58
Tracking Treasure Down (Kyau & Albert Mix) - 7:35
Tracking Treasure Down (Group Therapy Mix) - 9:17
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Vocal Mix) - 8:01
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Dub) - 7:50

12" Vinyl

Armind 12" Vinyl
Tracking Treasure Down (Original Mix) - 3:06
Tracking Treasure Down (Kyau & Albert Mix) - 3:06
Tracking Treasure Down (Group Therapy Remix) - 3:06

Organized Nature 12" Vinyl
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden's Original Mix) - 10:19
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Dub) - 7:52

Organized Nature 12" Vinyl
Tracking Treasure Down (Robbie Rivera Vocal Remix) - 8:00
Tracking Treasure Down (Group Therapy Remix) - 9:18

Retrobyte Remixes
Tracking Treasure Down (Retrobyte’s Round Two Vocal Mix)
Tracking Treasure Down (Retrobyte Dub)

Vendetta Records
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Original Mix)
Tracking Treasure Down (Gabriel & Dresden Disappear Dub)

Personnel
Additional Vocals - Rowan Gabriel
Additional Keyboards - Molly Bancroft
Backing Vocals - Dave Dresden and Josh Gabriel
Handclaps - Josh Gabriel and Molly Bancroft
Lead Vocals - Molly Bancroft
Written By - Dave Dresden, Josh Gabriel and Molly Bancroft

Instruments

Computers
Apple Cinema Display monitor, Mac G5 dual 2
GHz with 2.5 GB of RAM, PowerBook G4

Console/mixer, interfaces
Behringer MX1604 mixer
M-Audio FireWire 410 mobile recording interface
MOTU 828mkII interface

Drum machine, turntables, DJ mixer
Pioneer CDJ-1000s CD turntables, DJM-909 mixer
Roland TR-909 drum machine
Technics SL-1200 turntables

Mic, mic preamp, compressor
 Studio Projects T3 tube mic
 Summit Audio TLA-50 tube compressor
 Grace 101 mic preamp

Monitors
 Mackie HR824 monitors, HRS120 subwoofer

Synths, modules, software and plug-ins, instruments
 Ableton Live 5 software
 Apple Logic Pro 7 software
 Custom metal bell plates
 Fender Jazz Bass, Stratocaster guitar
 IK Multimedia Sonik Synth soft synth
 Moog Minimoog Voyager synth
 Native Instruments Reaktor soft synth
 Ohm Force Fromage plug-in
 Prosoniq NorthPole Resonant Filter plug-in
 Roland SH-101 synth
 Sequential Circuits Prophet-600 synth
 Spectrasonics Atmosphere, Trilogy and Stylus RMX soft synths
 Takamine acoustic guitar
 Tuned log drum
 Waves L1 and L2 plug-ins

See also
 List of number-one dance singles of 2006 (U.S.)

References

External links
Remix Magazine
[ Billboard.com]
[ Billboard Chart]

2006 singles
2006 songs
Songs written by Josh Gabriel


The 1994 Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, also known as Continental Grass Court Championships for sponsorship reasons, was a men's ATP-tennis tournament held in Rosmalen, Netherlands. The event was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was played on outdoor grass courts and held from 6 June through 13 June 1994. Richard Krajicek won his second title of the year, and sixth of his career.

Finals

Singles

 Richard Krajicek defeated  Karsten Braasch, 6–3, 6–4

Doubles

 Stephen Noteboom /  Fernon Wibier defeated  Diego Nargiso /  Peter Nyborg, 6–3, 1–6, 7–6

References

External links
 ITF – tournament edition details

Rosmalen Grass Court Championships
Ordina Open
Rosmalen Grass Court Championships


Old Main is an academic building on the campus of Wayne State University. It is located at 4841 Cass Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, on Wayne's main campus.

Location

Old Main is located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Cass and Warren Ave. in the busy Midtown area of Detroit. Old Main is situated at the southern end of the main campus of Wayne State University, across Warren from the Science Building and just north of the college's Hilberry Theater. It stands approximately 1.5 miles north of downtown Detroit, one block west of the city's main street, Woodward Avenue, and within less than a mile of three of Detroit's major freeways, the Chrysler (I-75), the Lodge (M-10), and the Ford (I-94).

History
The building now known as Old Main was originally built as Detroit's Central High School. Construction of the building began on December 13, 1894. It was built over a three-year period out of brick and limestone quarried from the land directly in front of it. The structure was designed by architects Malcomson & Higginbotham and contained 103 classrooms, laboratories, offices, and space for 2,000 students. The building cost $573,345.13, most of which was paid for by state appropriations and an emergency building fund campaign.

Central High School moved to this new location from its previous home in the former Michigan State Capitol building in downtown Detroit's Capitol Park, which had burned down in 1893. Central High began classes here in 1896 as the building neared completion. As the number of students grew, a large wing was added to the rear of the building in 1908. In 1913 the high school began offering some college-level courses, and in 1917 the new two-year Detroit Junior College began to operate in the building. In 1923 this would become the four-year degree granting College of the City of Detroit, one of the main precursor institutions of today's Wayne State University.

By 1926 the building had become overcrowded and Central High School was moved to its present location at 2425 Tuxedo St. The building was then given over entirely to the college and was renamed as the Main Building. As the college has grown around it and evolved, first to Wayne University in 1934, and then to Wayne State University in 1956, the building came to be affectionately known as "Old Main".

As time has passed, many modifications and repairs have been made to the aging structure. During the 1930s and 1940s, new walls, rooms, and other changes were made inside the building. The clock in the tower was replaced in 1934, along with the rest of the building's clocks that were linked to it. The building was enlarged with a new wing along the Warren Ave. side in 1937. By the 1980s though, falling ceilings, peeling paint, vandalism, a fire, plumbing failures, leaking roofs, and deferred maintenance had taken their toll on Old Main. To remedy the situation Wayne State University launched a fund raising campaign in 1995, and later sought state assistance. As a result, large-scale renovations of the structure were begun that year. Electrical and mechanical systems were replaced, and much of the building restored to its original look.

Today, the renovated Old Main serves as the home of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Wayne State University as well as accommodating many other classes in a wide variety of subjects. Old Main now reflects the university's history, growth and development, and is widely seen as the symbol of Wayne State University.

Departments

 Planetarium  (Basement)

 Department of Geology (Basement)
 Office of the Department of Geology
 Mineralogy/Petrology Lab
 Audio Tutorial Lab (Geology 1010 Lab)
 Structural/Geomorphology Lab
 Mineral Collections

 Museum of Anthropology (1st floor)
 Map Room
 Library
 Museum office
 Archaeology Laboratory

 Department of Music (1st floor)
 Schaver Music Recital hall
 Recording Studio

 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (2nd Floor)

 College of Fine Performing and Communication Arts (2nd Floor)
 Maggie Allesee Department of Dance
 Department of Art and Art History (Partial)

 College of Fine Performing and Communication Arts Fashion and Design (2nd Floor)
 Textile Lab
 Clothing Design
 Dorothea June Grossbart Historic Costume Collection

 Department of Art and Art History (2nd Floor)
 Interior Design
 Interiors Library
 Interior Studio
 Interior Lighting Lab
 Fibers
 Fiber Dye Lab
 Weaving Studio
 Fiber Studio

 Department of Music (2nd Floor)
 Music Technology Lab
 Piano Lab
 Prof. Poole Memorial Orchestral Library
 Large Ensemble Rehearsal Room
 Jazz Rehearsal Room

 Department of Art and Art History (3rd Floor)
 Painting
 Drawing
 Graphic Design
 Interdisciplinary Electronic Arts

 Department of Theatre (3rd Floor)
 Computer Labs
 Two Theatre Movement Studios
 Design Studios

 Department of Dance (3rd Floor)
 Dance Studios
 Music Department Practice Rooms  (4th Floor)

 Department of Film and Media Arts & Studies (4th Floor)
 Editing Suites
 TV Studio & Control Room

 Department of Photography (4th Floor)
 Photography Computer Lab
 Photography Studios
 Photography Dark Room
 Photography Lab

See also
Wayne State University Buildings

Further reading

External links
Reuther Library, "Partners in Education, Old Main and Wayne"

Wayne State University
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Historic district contributing properties in Michigan
University and college academic buildings in the United States
Towers in Michigan
Clock towers in Michigan
Culture of Detroit
1895 establishments in Michigan


The following article presents a summary of the 1923 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 22nd season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Stage

Corinthians declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Other competition champions

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1923.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1923 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


"I Had Too Much to Dream (Last Night)" is a song written with music by Annette Tucker and lyrics by Nancie Mantz, which was recorded in late 1966 by the garage rock band The Electric Prunes. Released as the band's second single, it reached number 49 in the UK and peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 the week ending February 11, 1967.

It was also the lead track of the band's debut album, and became more widely known as the opening track on the Nuggets compilation of garage rock and early psychedelic music, released in 1972.

The title is a play on words, namely on having "too much (alcohol) to drink": its lyrics describe how the singer has woken from dreaming about an ex-lover.

Origins of the song
The Electric Prunes originally formed as The Sanctions at Taft High School in Los Angeles, renaming themselves in 1966. They were introduced to record producer Dave Hassinger, and after a series of rehearsals at Leon Russell's house released a debut single, "Ain't It Hard". Despite its commercial failure, Reprise Records agreed that the band could record a second single.

Convinced that the band could not write their own songs, Hassinger sought material from the professional songwriting team of Annette Tucker and lyricist Nancie Mantz. One of the tunes was "I Had Too Much to Dream (Last Night)", a song that, according to some sources, was originally conceived as an orchestral piano ballad. However, according to Tucker, "I came up with the title one day and called Nancie. She loved it and we wrote it the next day in one half hour...The words were there and my melody came easily. I was influenced by the Rolling Stones at the time and that is how I heard that song being recorded...Nancie and I envisioned this as a rock song." A demo version recorded for Hassinger by singer-songwriter Jerry Fuller (in some sources wrongly identified as Jerry Vale), may have been the source of the story of the song's origin as a ballad.

At the time, the Electric Prunes comprised singer James Lowe, lead guitarist Ken Williams, rhythm guitarist James "Weasel" Spagnola, bassist Mark Tulin, and drummer Preston Ritter. The oscillating, reversed guitar which opens the song originated from the rehearsals at Russell's house, where Williams recorded with a 1958 Gibson Les Paul guitar with a Bigsby vibrato unit. According to Lowe, "We were recording on a four-track, and just flipping the tape over and re-recording when we got to the end. Dave cued up a tape and didn't hit 'record,' and the playback in the studio was way up: ear-shattering vibrating jet guitar. Ken had been shaking his Bigsby wiggle stick with some fuzztone and tremolo at the end of the tape. Forward it was cool. Backward it was amazing. I ran into the control room and said, 'What was that?' They didn't have the monitors on so they hadn't heard it. I made Dave cut it off and save it for later."

The single was released in November 1966. At first it was caught up in the Christmas rush, but in early 1967 it made steady progress up the US chart and finally peaked at #11. It also reached # 49 in the UK chart. Its success enabled the band to tour, and to release an album and a successful follow-up single "Get Me to the World on Time".

Chart performance

Other recordings
The song has also been recorded by other artists including:
Todd Tamanend Clark
Wayne County & the Electric Chairs
Stiv Bators
The Damned
The Vibrators
Doro Pesch
Paul Roland, Ulver
Webb Wilder
An Italian language version, "Sospesa Ad Un Filo", was recorded in 1967 by top Italian beat group I Corvi.

Personnel
 James Lowe – lead vocals, autoharp, rhythm guitar, tambourine
 Ken Williams – lead guitar
 James "Weasel" Spagnola – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 Mark Tulin – bass guitar, piano, organ
 Preston Ritter – drums, percussion

References

External links
Critical article by Richie Unterberger
Interview with James Lowe

1966 singles
Reprise Records singles
Radar Records singles
Songs written by Annette Tucker
The Electric Prunes songs
American psychedelic rock songs
Songs about nightmares


Persepolis F.C. (Persian: پرسپولیس)  is an Iranian professional football club based in Tehran. Although Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club was founded in 1963, Persepolis F.C. started in 1968 following dissolution of Shahin F.C. in 1967. Parviz Dehdari and Masoud Boroumand transferred the popularity of Shahin to Persepolis F.C. by taking most Shahin Players to join Persepolis.

The club has won a total of 25 trophies at the national level, comprising the Iranian Top-tier Football Leagues a record of 15 times, Hazfi Cup 6 times and recently developed tournament, Iranian Super Cup, a record of 4 times and also won the 1979 Espandi Cup. It has also won 11 regional trophies, which are the Tehran Provincial League 7 times, and Tehran Hazfi Cup a record of 4 times. In the continental level, Persepolis F.C. has won 1 title of Asian Cup Winners' Cup and participated three other continental finals in both Asian Cup Winners' Cup in 1992–93 and AFC Champions League in 2018 and 2020.

This list details the club's achievements.

National titles
Iranian Football League (Record)

Winners (15): 1971–72, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99 *, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2007–08, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19 *, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–23 *

Runners-up (9): 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2000–01, 2013–14, 2015–16
(* Won League title and Hazfi Cup)

Hazfi Cup (Shared record)
Winners (7): 1987–88, 1990–91, 1998–99 *, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2018–19*,
2022–23 *
Runners-up (2): 2005–06, 2012–13
(* Won League title and Hazfi Cup)

Super Cup (Record)
Winners (5): 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023
Runners-up (1): 2021

Espandi Cup (Record)Winners (1): 1979

 Provincial titlesTehran Province LeagueWinners (7): 1982–83, 1986–87 ♦, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 2011–12♦
Runner-up (4): 1970–71, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1991–92
(* Won League title and Hazfi Cup)Tehran Hazfi Cup Winners (4): 1978–79, 1981–82, 1986–87♦, 2011–12♦
Runners-up (2): 1968–69, 1980–81
(* Won League title and Hazfi Cup)

 Continental titlesAFC Champions League:

Runners-up (2): 2018, 2020Asian Club Championship:
Third place (3): 1996–97, 1999–00, 2000–01
Fourth place (1): 1997–98Asian Cup Winners' Cup:Winner (1): 1990–91
Runners-up (1): 1992–93

Other awards
IFFHS continental clubs of the 20th century
4th Place

Iranian Team of the year
2007–08
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19

Best Fan Club
2012–13

Fair play award
2018 AFC Champions League

References

Honours


To be distinguished from the Cathedral of Sucre, Bolivia, formerly La Plata
The Cathedral of La Plata in La Plata, Argentina, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, is the 58th tallest church in the world. This Neogothic edifice is located in the geographical center of the city, facing the central square, Plaza Moreno, and the City Hall.

Inspired by the European cathedrals of Amiens and Cologne, its plans were drawn by architect Ernesto Meyer under the direction of city planner Pedro Benoit. The cornerstone was laid in 1884, and it was consecrated as the Parroquia Nuestra Señora de los Dolores in 1902. The parish church, which continued undergoing works, was designated a cathedral in 1932.

History
The cathedral was projected by the Engineering Department of the Buenos Aires province headed by engineer Pedro Benoit. The drawings were done by the architect Ernesto Mayer and the architect Emilio Coutaret collaborated with both of them. The design found inspiration in the Amiens Cathedral (France) and the Cologne Cathedral (Germany). Its style belongs to the Gothic Revival architecture (Neo-Gothic).

Restoration and completion

In the 1930s, fearing that the foundation was insufficient for the projected size and weight of the structure, workers halted construction. The spires were left unfinished and the exterior brick work was left undressed. In the mid 1990s, an ambitious plan of restoration and completion was carried out. The 1990s plan included the following:

Strengthening the foundation.
Reversing the damage in the bricks and joints.
Completing two spires, six turrets, 200 pinnacles, and 800 needles.
Installing a 25-bell carillon.

Once the brickwork was restored and completed, the decision was made to leave the exterior undressed. The building's exposed-brick exterior is thus unusual to some extent, and it makes La Plata Cathedral resemble the brick Gothic or Neogothic style of many churches in northern Europe, such as Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden, St. John's Church, Helsinki in Finland and Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark.  The refurbishment was inaugurated to the public in the year 2000.

With its towers rising , it is among the six tallest churches in the Americas.

Gallery

See also
List of highest church naves
List of tallest churches in the world
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Plata in Argentina

External links
 Excursión a la Catedral de La Plata

Videos

Catedral de La Plata (YouTube.com video)
Catedral de La Plata (YouTube.com video)

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Buenos Aires Province
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Argentina
Buildings and structures in La Plata
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1932
Gothic Revival church buildings in Argentina
Tourist attractions in La Plata
.


The Easter Island Foundation is an American non-profit organization that promotes the conservation and protection of the fragile cultural heritage of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and other Polynesian islands through education. The foundation was created in 1989 to give back to a community that has inspired the world with its rich history, vibrant culture and monumental treasures.

History of Easter Island
Easter Island's long isolation was ended on Easter Sunday, 1722, when a Dutch explorer, Jacob Roggeveen, discovered the island. He named it for the Holy day. One can only imagine the astonishment of the islanders as the first ships appeared on the horizon. The Dutch, in turn, were amazed by the great statues, which they thought were made from clay.

A Spanish Captain, Don Felipe Gonzales, was the next to land at Easter Island, in 1770. He claimed the island for the King of Spain. The famed English explorer, Captain James Cook, stopped briefly in 1774, and a French admiral and explorer, La Perouse, spent 11 hours on the island in 1786. These early visitors spent little actual time on the island. They were searching for water, wood, and food but the island had few of these items and it also lacked a safe anchorage. They soon sailed onward. None of the early visitors saw the famous quarry where the statues were carved. Some noted that the land seemed well-cultivated, with fields neatly laid out. Comments were made of the unusual boat-shaped houses, and nearly all mentioned the lack of serviceable canoes.

Disaster arrived in the 1860's when Peruvian slavers came, looking for captives to sell in Peru. Easter Island was not the only island to suffer but it was the hardest hit because it was closest to the South American coast. Eight ships arrived to Easter Island in December 1862. About 80 seamen assembled on the beach while trade goods such as necklaces, mirrors and other items were spread out. At a signal, guns were fired and islanders were caught, tied up, and carried off to the ships. In the confusion, at least ten Rapanui were killed. A second and third landing was attempted in the following days, but defensive measures forced a retreat back to the ships. More than 1400 Rapanui islanders were kidnapped. Some were sold in Peru as domestic servants; others for manual labor on the plantations. Food was inadequate and discipline harsh; medical care was virtually non-existent. Islanders sickened and died. As word of the activities of the slavers spread, public opinion in Peru became hostile to this trade in human beings. Newspapers wrote angry editorials and the French Government and missionary societies protested. Convinced that the entire "immigration scheme" was damaging the reputation of Peru in the eyes of the rest of the world, the Peruvian Government announced that they would henceforth "prohibit the introduction of Polynesian settlers".

Like so many Polynesian islands, Easter Island was notorious for shipwrecks that ultimately impacted island life. Usually the effects (an increase in births) were felt in the months after the shipwrecked crews had been rescued. The Huntwell was wrecked in February 1871, leaving twelve men stranded on the island. The Indiaman sank off Easter on March 19, 1872, stranding some 30 persons on the island. It was two months before they were picked up by another ship. In 1892, when the Clorinda foundered off the island, survivors were stranded for three months.

An ethnologist, Alfred Metraux, came to Easter Island as part of the Franco-Belgian Expedition (1934–35). Accompanied by Henri Lavachery, an archaeologist, Metraux gathered legends, traditions, and myths along with information on the material culture; his work has become a standard reference for the island's past. Metraux's books resulted in focusing the world's attention on the island (See Ethnology of Easter Island, 1971).

Background of the Foundation

The Easter Island Foundation (EIF) was organized in 1989 by a group of concerned scientists and interested persons who together were inspired by Polynesia's incomparable archaeological treasures. Among its many projects, the Foundation established the William Mulloy Library on the island and continues to support its operations.

Mission
Easter Island is isolated in the vast Pacific Ocean, half way between Tahiti and South America. It contains spectacular archaeological wonders, many of which have been studied by scientists from all over the world. Even today, many of its mysteries remain unsolved and much work remains to be done. However, increased tourism, development and lack of infrastructure threaten its priceless heritage.

The Easter Island Foundation aims to build a solid endowment to assure the continuation of its projects by preserving this unique isolated island, its archaeological treasures and its living culture.

Objectives of the Foundation

 To promote an interest in research on Easter Island and other Pacific islands by anthropologists, archaeologists, linguists, environmentalists, and members of other scientific, historical, and cultural disciplines.
 To work toward the conservation and preservation of Easter Island's cultural heritage and environmental character as well as historic sites and monuments in Polynesia.
 To inform and educate local, national, and international groups and communities in addition to the general public with regard to Easter Island's unique heritage and priceless monumental treasures.
 To facilitate communication about Easter Island and other Pacific islands among scientific disciplines, historians, and other interested parties through publication of journals, books, guides, and other media-related sources and conferences.
 To develop an endowment fund through investments, bequests, corporate and Easter Island Foundation contributions, and other related sources — to provide a pool of financial resources for the support of the Foundation's programs.
 To help support the William Mulloy Library for the study of Easter Island and various related disciplines, in association with the island's Museo Antropológico Padre Sebastián Englert.
 To provide a scholarship program for promising Rapa Nui secondary and college students to ensure them an opportunity for advanced academic studies.
 To encourage economic development activities on Easter Island that will benefit the Rapa Nui and that will honor and maintain the cultural and environmental character of the island.

The Foundation's activities

The EIF funds archaeological research on Rapa Nui and other Polynesian islands, provides Rapa Nui students with scholarships, books and equipment, and publishes a series of books about Rapa Nui and Polynesia. The Foundation is best known for publishing the Rapa Nui Journal, a unique source of information about Easter Island and Polynesia. The EIF also sponsors conferences about Rapa Nui and Polynesia.

External links
 Easter Island Foundation
 William Mulloy Library
 Father Sebastian Englert Anthropology Museum
 Fonck Museum

References

Easter Island
Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Environmental organizations established in 1989
Organizations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Oceania
1989 establishments in Chile


Dave Bedwell (28 August 1928, Romford, Essex, now the London Borough of Havering – 28 February 1999, Kingskerswell, Devon) was one of Great Britain's most accomplished racing cyclists in the 1950s, known as the "Iron Man" of cycling. He won four stages in the first Tour of Britain, rode for Britain in the world professional road championship in 1953 and 1956 and rode for Britain in the Tour de France.

Origins
Bedwell, who was  tall, lived on the outskirts of London, in Romford, now part of Havering. His family were cyclists but Bedwell was more interested in swimming. He began cycling as a way to get to water. He bought a bike from a local dealer, Rory O'Brien, and turned to cycling instead. He rode time trials and raced on grass tracks, winning the Essex five-mile championship as an under-18 and then as a senior. He won the title three times as well as the all-London junior sprint championship at Paddington track. He said:

British cycling in Bedwell's time was in a civil war between the National Cyclists' Union and the Road Time Trials Council on one side and a newer body, the British League of Racing Cyclists, on the other. The BLRC began during the second world war to promote the massed racing on public roads that the other two organisations feared would bring police opposition to all cycling. Bedwell joined the Romford Wheelers, which was affiliated to the NCU. In its colours he rode massed races on the airfield at Stapleford Tawney but preferred the idea of racing on the road with the BLRC and formed his own club, the Romford RCC, to do it.

His Romford Wheelers clubmate, Jack Leeth, recalled: "Dave was demobbed from the RAF around 1948. He lived in the Bedwell family home in Carlton Road, Romford, a cycling household with its own fitness room. Dave already had a reputation as a great cyclist and was into healthy eating." Another local cyclist, Roger St Pierre, said: "They didn't come any tougher than this stocky man whose thighs seemed thicker than his legs were long. He effectively invented interval training for cyclists: sprinting between telephone poles, freewheeling to the next one, then sprinting again, the freewheeling stretches getting shorter and shorter. We could keep it up for, maybe, four or five sprints, but tough Dave could keep going at it for mile after mile. And yet, on other rides, Dave would plod along at such a slow pace that you'd think he would need stabilisers to stop from falling off for loss of momentum."

Racing career

Bedwell won the BLRC road championship in his first year and then took an independent, or semi-professional, licence to ride for Frejus Cycles, a continental company selling bikes in Britain. Bedwell said: "This was not so surprising as it would be nowadays. Since the League were outlawed, their titles were unofficial and there were no selections to be gained by staying amateur. The big idea of League boys was to get a professional class going."

Bedwell won London-Battle-London and Dover-London in his first years. He was chosen by the BLRC in 1951 to ride the Grand Prix de l'Humanité in France. He won.

He became a full professional in 1952, moving back to the NCU so that he could ride a new series of pro races started at Herne Hill velodrome by a journalist, Johnny Dennis, of The Bicycle. Dennis's idea was that the experience would help British riders break through on the continent. They competed every other week, individually and in pairs. Bedwell's partner was another Londoner, Derek Buttle. There were more than 20 professional riders in Britain.

Buttle and Bedwell rode for Claud Butler, a London cycle company. But money was limited and Buttle arranged sponsorship from Hercules Cycles for them, Dennis Talbot and Clive Parker. The team expanded and in 1954 it won the Tour of Britain along with seven of its daily stages. Bedwell's most spectacular stage was the last. It lasted 127 miles from Bournemouth to Alexandra Palace in north London. If Bedwell won the stage, he would move from seventh to third, behind the Frenchman Eugène Tamburlini and the British rider, Brian Robinson. The race skirted London on the North Circular Road, the northern half of the city's ring road. Bob Maitland of the BSA team and Henri Guldemont of Belgium had a lead on the field of 400 metres. Bedwell reached them in the park of Alexandra Palace, sprinted past them and collapsed on the grass from his effort.

Bedwell joined Buttle and the rest of the Hercules team when it went to Les Issambres, in south-west France, to prepare for the Tour de France of 1955. Hercules was Britain's largest professional team and it was certain that riders for the national team would be drawn from it. The team rode the early-season races along the Côte d'Azur that riders used for training. Bedwell finished second to Jacques Anquetil at Fréjus, just ahead of Jean Stablinski. The following day he outsprinted Anquetil for third place at Marseille. In the Tour, however, Bedwell left the race after three days, told he was outside the time limit when he wasn't but happy nevertheless to drop out. He said:

Only Brian Robinson and Tony Hoar of the British team completed the race, the first Britons to do so. Hercules and other sponsors pulled out of sponsorship weeks after the end of the Tour. Bedwell rode unsponsored for two years, living off prizes in Belgium.

Bicycle
Bedwell's shortness meant he rode a -inch frame, unusually small. He said:

Retirement
Bedwell moved to Paignton, Devon, and built wheels in a cycle shop owned by another former Tour de France rider, Colin Lewis. He took up canoeing and surfing. He said he missed Essex even 20 years later. He said: "There are certain things, like the countryside, the slow rivers, the cottages with their thatched roofs, whereas here the houses have big roofs and the rivers are rapid." He died on a club ride with the local Cyclists Touring Club and members of the Mid-Devon Road Club.

Palmarès

1949
1st  British National Road Race Championships – BLRC amateur

1950
1st Grand Prix de l'Humanité

1951
1st  British National Road Race Championships – BLRC independent road race (for semi-professional riders)
2nd stage Tour of Britain, Bournemouth
4th stage Tour of Britain, Weston-Super-Mare
8th stage Tour of Britain, Newcastle
9th stage Tour of Britain, Scarborough

1953
5th stage Tour of Britain, Newcastle
7th stage Tour of Britain, Morecambe
9th stage Tour of Britain, Cheltenham

1954
4th stage Tour of Britain, Whitley Bay
9th stage Tour of Britain, Wolverhampton
10th stage Tour of Britain, Weston-Super-Mare
13th stage Tour of Britain, London

1955
1st South Elmsall Spring Classic

1958
6th stage Milk Race, Llandudno
10th stage Milk Race, Plymouth

1961
1st  British National Road Race Championships – professional
1st Tour of the Peak

1962
1st Criterium des Vainquers
1st Slough Grand Prix
1st Chequers Grand Prix
2nd British National Road Race Championships – professional

1964
1st Enell road race
1st Tour of Belvoir
1st '34 Nomads Grand Prix

References

External links
Photographs of Bedwell on cyclingmuseum.net

1928 births
1999 deaths
English male cyclists
British cycling road race champions
Sportspeople from Romford


João Callegaro is a Brazilian filmmaker born on September 21, 1945, in Joaçaba (Santa Catarina). He is part of the generation of directors of Cinema Marginal (films produced with few financial resources during the military dictatorship), which also includes Carlos Reichenbach, Rogério Sganzerla, Ozualdo Candeias, Glauber Rocha, Julio Bressane, Neville D'Almeida, Walter Lima Jr., Maurice Capovilla, Sylvio Back and others.

External links
Olhos Livres
Cinema Marginal

1945 births
Living people
Brazilian film directors


The history of Persepolis F.C. begins from the football club's founding in 1968 (1963; as Persepolis Amateur team) up until the present day. Persepolis F.C., also known as Red Army, is based in Tehran, Iran.

Persepolis was founded in 1963 by Ali Abdo and has been in the first division of Iranian football since 1968. Persepolis also had three teams in bowling, basketball and volleyball in its first years of establishment. Persepolis F.C. is the football club of the multisport Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club. The club has played at its home ground, Azadi Stadium, since 1973. They contest the Tehran derby, which is regarded as one of the biggest in Asia, with archrivals Esteghlal, a match that is always closely followed by Iranian football fans. According to the Asian Football Confederation, Persepolis is the most popular football club in Asia.

Shahin F.C. (1942–1967)

Shahin was established in 1942 by Dr. Abbas Ekrami, a teacher. Ekrami founded the club with help of some young students under the motto:

Shahin produced many talented players like Parviz Dehdari, Masoud Boroumand, Homayoun Behzadi, Jafar Kashani, Hossein Kalani, Hamid Shirzadegan, and many more that played for Iran national football team. These talents made Shahin popular in the 1960s but its very popularity was viewed as a threat by the Iran Football Federation and the Keihan Varzeshi newspaper (Iran's most important sports publication at the time). The conflict between them became worse and on 9 July 1967, two days after Shahin's 3–0 win against Tehranjavan F.C., the Iran Sports Organization declared Shahin F.C. as dissolved. League attendance dropped and other clubs including Pas, Rah Ahan, and Oghab tried to sign Shahin players.

Establishment early years (1963–1969)

Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club was established in 1963 by Ali Abdo. Abdo had returned to Iran from the United States and was a championship boxer.

Persepolis F.C. started the 1968 season with Parviz Dehdari as manager. Despite the efforts to sign and disperse Shahin players to various clubs, Parviz Dehdari and Masoud Boroumand transferred the popularity of Shahin to Persepolis F.C. by taking most Shahin Players to join Persepolis. The team was initially quite weak, and participated in the 2nd division of the country. The best player on the team then was Mahmoud Khordbin.

The club, using four Shahin players, had a friendly match with Jam Abadan, a respected team at the time. After the match the remainder of the Shahin players joined Persepolis. That year no league competition was held, as many teams had been dissolved, so a 44-team tournament was held, and Persepolis, along with Pas, Taj, and Oghab finished top of the group.

The next year they represented as the first Iranian club in the Asian Champion Club Tournament held in Thailand, but they were not successful and were eliminated in the group stage.

Takht Jamshid Cup (1969–1979)

In 1962, the Iran Universal (Iran National "Iran Nacional") automobile factory was opened. In 1969, The boss of the factory, Mahmoud Khayami, who was also the owner of a football team, was a big fan of Shahin. Khayami, who wanted to improve his football team, entered into negotiations with Persepolis and was able to get all the former Shahin players except Aziz Asli and Mahmoud Khordbin to join his new team, Paykan Tehran F.C. Paykan won the championship that year, but the new players moved back to Persepolis at the end of the season.

In 1971, Persepolis won its first ever championship in the Iranian League. Persepolis had an impressive season with 13 wins and 1 draw, in 14 weeks. In 1972, Abdo announced Persepolis as the first professional football club in Iran. The club did not enter the domestic league and only played against foreign clubs, and a few months later it became amateur again Next year the Takht Jamshid Cup was established. Persepolis won the inaugural Takht Jamshid Cup in 1973 and won it again in 1975. In the third year of establishment of Takhte Jamshid cup Persepolis lost just two matches of thirty matches of that year. Persepolis is the most successful club in the Takht Jamshid Cup league, clinching two championship titles and finishing three times as runner-up.

Success under tough conditions (1979–1990)

When the Iranian Revolution took place in 1979, Abdo returned to United States. Although Persepolis won the Espandi Cup, the club fell apart and many of the old players did not return. The club's property was sequestered by The Oppressed and Veterans Foundation () and the club placed under the responsibility of The Physical Education Department () of Iran.

In 1981, the Physical Education Department declared that the name of the club would change, but club officials, players, and fans opposed the move. The team didn't appear in the match against Homa in the Tehran league as a protest against the Physical Education Department. They lost the match 3–0 by default and Homa became champion. In 1986, The club was taken over by the Oppressed and Veterans Foundation and renamed Azadi (meaning "freedom", ). Players declared that they wouldn't play for the club if the name change went through. After a brief period the Foundation did not want the club any more, and it was taken over by the Physical Education Department again. On 16 February 1987, the Physical Education Department renamed the club Pirouzi (meaning "victory", ) with players' agreement, although fans still call the team by its original name, Persepolis. On 10 April 2012 the club chairman Mohammad Rouyanian announced that the club will officially only be known as Persepolis.

In the 1980s the club only played in the Tehran League and various elimination tournaments. Persepolis was successful during this time and maintained its popularity, winning the Tehran League five seasons in a row. During all that time, Ali Parvin served as player-manager.

Revitalization (1990–2001)
The 1990s were a dream decade for the team, with four league championships, two Hazfi Cups, dozens of great players, and renewed support. At one point more than six Persepolis players were starters on Iran's national team. The team won the national championship in the 1995–96 season. At one point in that season they were 10 points behind Bahman. They came back and finished first, six points ahead of the league runner-up. They won the league again the next season, again finishing ahead of the runner up by six points. They were stopped by the Korean side Pohang Steelers in the semi-finals of the Asian Champions' Cup. Persepolis finished third, defeating Iraq's Al-Zawraa in the third place match.

The next season they showed good form again, but due to their commitments in the Asian Champions' Cup and the large number of national team players they had, they withdrew from the league. The poor scheduling and mismanagement of both the I.R.I.F.F. and AFC officials led to this unprofessional event. This prevented Persepolis from possibly winning a third consecutive league championship. Persepolis did not have much luck in the Asian Champion's cup either, as they were once again stopped in the semi-finals, this time by Chinese club, Dalian Wanda. They lost the third place match as well to Al-Hilal.

The 1996–97 and 1997–98 Persepolis teams are considered by many to be among the greatest Iranian clubs to ever play. National team players and future superstars such as Ahmadreza Abedzadeh, Khodadad Azizi, Karim Bagheri, Ali Daei, Mehdi Mahdavikia, Mehrdad Minavand, Ali Karimi and many more were among the players who played for the club in those years.

After the World Cup 1998, several of Persepolis' best players were transferred to European clubs, but Persepolis was able to keep a talented squad. Future national team members Ali Karimi and Hamed Kavianpour would join the team at this time. They won the 1998–99 championship as well as the Hazfi Cup that season. They also won the 1999–2000 league championship, finishing third again in the Asian Champions Cup. This would be their last championship in the Azadegan League era.

Most of Persepolis' championships at the time were won while Ali Parvin was the manager, and Amirali Abedini was the chairman.

IPL era (2001–present)

Persepolis entered the newly established IPL looking to dominate once again, but near the end of the season they were in a very close race with their rival Esteghlal. Esteghlal led the league by two points going into the final day of the regular season. Esteghlal's loss to Malavan and Persepolis' 1–0 win against Fajr Sepasi in their last games of the season gave Persepolis a one-point lead and another championship. Their 2001–02 season championship made them the first-ever IPL champions. The 2002–03 season proved to be extremely difficult and Persepolis finished third, never managing to come close to the eventual winners, Sepahan. They also fell apart in the newly created AFC Champions League, failing to advance out of the group stage.

When Akbar Ghamkhar took over as club chairman, he made several changes in an effort to improve the team. He made public the amount of player and staff salaries, severely angering Parvin, the highest paid player on the team. Ghamkhar hired coach Vinko Begović, and entered into contracts with several prominent players. Persepolis started off very well in the 2003–04 season but things deteriorated. Begovic left the team and German manager Rainer Zobel was bought in. Parvin was brought back, taking the position of technical director. The club finished fifth in the standings in the 2004–05 season.

Ghamkhar was replaced with Hojatollah Khatib. He decided to bring back Parvin. The club experienced major financial problems as some of the spending decisions made in previous years had overextended the club. Persepolis finished the 2005–06 season in ninth place, the lowest it had ever placed. Parvin left the club in February 2006, vowing to never return to Persepolis, after a 4–2 loss to Fajr Sepasi in Azadi Stadium. After the game, the fans began cursing at Ali Parvin and the players.

Khatib resigned as chairman and Mohammad Hassan Ansarifard was elected to the post by the club council. Arie Haan was brought in as the new manager, helping the team make it to the 2005–06 Hazfi Cup final, but he was fired by the club just before the 2006–07 season began. Turkish manager Mustafa Denizli signed with the team on 17 August 2006. With the final cup match being his first one as the club's manager, Denizli was not able to help the club win the Hazfi Cup in 2006, a cup that the team needed to gain entry into the Asian Champion's League and to receive financial benefits by doing so.

The club did not win the Hazfi Cup the next year either, losing to Sepahan in the semifinals in June 2007. The club finished third in the IPL 2006–07, and Denizli left the club after Ansarifard resigned as chairman in June 2007.

Afshin Ghotbi: Emperor epoch

Habib Kashani became the club chairman in June 2007 and selected Afshin Ghotbi as head coach of Persepolis for the 2007–08 season. Ghotbi Promised to lead Persepolis to the IPL championship and started the IPL with a 3–2 win over Sanat Naft. Persepolis was undefeated until the 17th round, where they suffered a 2–1 loss to Sepahan. On 9 January 2008, the disciplinary committee of the Iranian Football Federation announced because of a serious injury to a security soldier by the Sepahan fans, Sepahan would be charged with a five-point deduction. This was later reduced to three points. Persepolis was also docked six points by FIFA because of unpaid wages to a number of former players. This placed Persepolis behind Sepahan in the standings. Near the end of the season Sheys Rezaei and Mohammad Reza Mamani were expelled by the team after both players showed poor behavior towards club players, coaches, and management as well as other non-football-related issues. Habib Kashani and Mahmoud Khordbin both suffered heart attacks. Persepolis cut Sepahan's seven-point lead to two points by the last game of the season.

In the last week, Persepolis defeated Sepahan when Sepehr Heidari scored a 90+6th-minute goal in front of over 110,000 fans in Azadi Stadium to give Persepolis its second championship in the IPL and a berth in the Asian Champions League. In the 2007–2008 Golden Ball award ceremony Persepolis, Afshin Ghotbi, and Mohsen Khalili won the Team, Manager, and Player of the year titles.

Ghotbi's contract expired at the end of the season and he decided to leave the club. His assistant, Hamid Estili, was very close to management but, Kashani and other club officials resigned because of conflicts between them and the Iran Physical Education Department. Dariush Mostafavi was selected as club chairman. Mostafavi promised to bring Ghotbi back. Negotiations were successful, and on 4 July 2008, Ghotbi signed a two-year contract with Persepolis. Ghotbi had many problems with Mostafavi and resigned on 19 November 2008. When talking to the popular Iranian show 90, Ghotbi showed tears before leaving Persepolis and the fans that loved him who had given him the nickname Emperor.

However, Ghotbi left the team in mid-season after a series of losses and eventually became head coach of the Iran national football team.

Due to the mismanagement of the club, Persepolis had underachieved in the recent seasons of the Iran Pro League. The selection of incompetent coaches, and the acquisition of low quality players have enhanced the present deep in form. After the resignation of Ghotbi, his assistant Afshin Peyrovani was named as interim head coach of the club, led the team in 11 matches in Iran Pro League but he was replaced with former Portugal and Saudi Arabia manager, Nelo Vingada. Vingada's contract was terminated at the end of the season.

Daei years

After Vingada was sacked as head coach of the club, former Croatia and Dinamo Zagreb manager, Zlatko Kranjčar was hired as his successor but he was soon replaced with former Persepolis and Iran national football team captain, Ali Daei. At the end of the 2009–10 Season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league but they became Hazfi Cup champions. In the Hazfi Cup final, Persepolis defeated Azadegan League side Gostaresh Foolad Tabriz 4–1 on aggregate to qualify for the 2011 AFC Champions League. In the 2010–11 season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league and was eliminated in the group stage of the 2011 AFC Champions League but at the end of the season Persepolis won the 2010–11 Hazfi Cup after defeating rivals Sepahan, Foolad and Malavan. The technical committee chose Hamid Estili as Daei's successor on that day. Under the management of Daei, Persepolis won back to back trophies for the first time in 13 seasons.

After Daei's resignation, Hamid Estili, Mustafa Denizli, Manuel José and most recently Yahya Golmohammadi managed Persepolis for a record 4 head coaches in only two seasons. Golmohammadi led Persepolis to the final of the Hazfi Cup, but losing to Sepahan on penalties. After the Hazfi Cup, Golmohammadi announced that he would not be managing Persepolis the following season.

However, Daei returned to the club and signed a three years contract before the start of 2013–14 season. Under Daei Persepolis finished second with 55 points, 2 points behind Champions Foolad. Persepolis retained its place in the AFC Champions League after a two-year absence.

After a poor start to the 2014–15 season which left Persepolis in 9th place, Daei was sacked and was replaced by Hamid Derakhshan. Derakhshan's performance was criticized by the fans.

The Ivanković Era

On 5 April 2015, Hamid Derakhshan resigned as head coach of Persepolis and was temporarily replaced by Hossein Abdi. On the following day, former Iran national football team manager Branko Ivanković was named as new head coach of the club.

On 15 May 2015 Ivanković won his first Tehran derby after a 1–0 victory over Esteghlal. Later that week on 19 May 2015 Persepolis defeated Al-Hilal 1–0 in the first leg of AFC Champions League round of 16. In the second leg they lost 3–0 against Al-Hilal and were eliminated.

After the departure of Mohammad Nouri, the club named Hadi Norouzi as the captain for the 2015–16 season. Persepolis was also very active in the summer transfer season, adding Iranian international Ramin Rezaeian, Croatian defender Luka Marić and Honduras international Jerry Bengtson.

On 1 October 2015, the club captain Hadi Norouzi died in his sleep at the age of 30 after an apparent heart attack. His death caused a profound shock in Iranian sports.

After the death of Hadi Norouzi Persepolis improved their form and their long unbeaten streak propelled them to the top 3 midway through the season. After a historic 4–2 win against Esteghlal in the Tehran derby, the team moved into first place. However, after a loss to Naft Tehran on 28 April, the team dropped down to third place. Persepolis won the following week match against Gostaresh Foolad and moved into second place, behind Esteghlal Khuzestan on goal difference. A final day win on 13 May 2016 against Rah Ahan was not enough for Persepolis as Esteghlal Khuzestan also won and were crowned champions of Persian Gulf Pro League 2015–16.

Before the 2016–17 season, Persepolis added national team members Alireza Beiranvand, Jalal Hosseini, and Vahid Amiri. Persepolis started the season strong and never dropped below third place. They set records for least ever goals conceded and most ever points accumulated after 17 weeks in a Persian Gulf Pro League season. On April 15, 2017, Persepolis became the champions of the season with three weeks remaining to the end of the season. After a victory against Machine Sazi, Persepolis claimed its third championship in the Persian Gulf Pro League and its 10th championship in total. Persepolis defended its championship in the Persian Gulf Pro League 2017–18 and won Super cup.

On 30 May 2017 Persepolis made history again after advancing to the Quarterfinals after defeating Qatari club Lekhwiya 1–0 in the AFC Champions League Round of 16. This was the first time in club history that Persepolis made Quarterfinals in the current Champions League format. Persepolis beat Saudi club Al Ahli 5–3 on aggregate to make it to the Semifinals, where they lost to Al Hilal 6–2 on aggregate. the following year Persepolis advanced to AFC Champions League Final in 2018 and lost 2–0 in First-leg. Persepolis were held to a goalless draw by Kashima Antlers of Japan in the second leg of the AFC Champions League. On 16 May 2019, Branko Ivanković made another history with Persepolis by hat-trick of championship of Iran premier football league in Persian Gulf Pro League. However, he left the club at the end of season after 4 years, winning a record 7 trophies for a foreign coach.

Golmohammadi years
On 13 January 2020, Golmohammadi was named Persepolis F.C. head coach, replacing Argentine Gabriel Calderón. This was Golmohammadi's second stint with Persepolis F.C.. At that moment he took charge of a team who were leading the Persian Gulf Pro League by 3 points. “This is a huge honor.” Golmohammadi said in his first talks as Persepolis new coach.

Reaching the ACL final match for the second time in just three years, Persepolis (now with Golmohammadi) was aiming to end a about 30-year continental trophy drought for the Iranian sides. But lack of sponsorship and financial problems led to the separation of the key players and Persepolis became the Asian runner-up again.

Home ground

When Persepolis F.C. was created, the sport club already had a number of buildings such as gymnasiums, swimming pools, and bowling alleys in the Bowling Abdo Complex. The facility is in the north of Tehran hosted 1976 Bowling World Cup and renamed Shahid Chamran Bowling after the revolution. There was initially no stadium for the football team. Ali Abdo bought some land in the Ekbatan area of Tehran and constructed a stadium there. At the time it was known as Apadana stadium. Persepolis played only one game at the stadium due to poor organization of the seating and a lack of co-operation with other Iranian clubs. Persepolis only used the stadium as a training ground.

Around the time of mid-1970s, Abdo had to sell much of the club's property to keep the club functioning due to its poor financial situation; he sold Apadana Stadium to Rah Ahan for 200,000 Tomans in 1975. Apadana Stadium is now called Rah Ahan Stadium. Due to the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979 club properties were confiscated by the Oppressed and Veterans Foundation (Bonyad Mostazafan, ); Bowling Abdo, the club's original headquarters, burnt down, Abdo returned to the United States.

Before the construction of Azadi Stadium in 1971, Persepolis played its matches at Amjadieh (Shahid Shiroudi) Stadium. They have played almost all of their home games at Azadi Stadium, except for the 2002–03 season, when they played all but two of their home matches at Tehran's Takhti Stadium while renovations were taking place at Azadi.

In mid-2006 Persepolis considered buying Shahre Ghods Stadium, but the deal fell through due to Persepolis' poor financial situation and the long distance between the city center and the stadium.

References

Persepolis F.C.