Fort Wetherill is a former coast artillery fort that occupies the southern portion of the eastern tip of Conanicut Island in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It sits atop high granite cliffs, overlooking the entrance to Narragansett Bay. Fort Dumpling from the American Revolutionary War occupied the site until it was built over by Fort Wetherill.  Wetherill was deactivated and turned over to the State of Rhode Island after World War II and is now operated as Fort Wetherill State Park, a  reservation managed by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management.

Early history
In 1776, an 8-gun earthwork fortification was constructed by patriot forces at the site of Dumpling Rock, which overlooks the strategic East Passage toward Newport. This old fort was occupied by American, British, and French forces for various periods of time during the American Revolutionary War.  The patriots called it the Dumpling Rock Battery; the British called it Fort Dumpling Rock. The British abandoned it in 1779 when they evacuated Newport, and after this it was called Fort Conanicut (not to be confused with the Conanicut Battery on the other side of the island near Beaver Head).

In 1798, construction was started on a permanent fortification at Dumpling Rock under the supervision of Major Louis Tousard of the Army Corps of Engineers.  This fort was officially called Fort Louis and, later, Fort Brown (after Major General Jacob Brown, commanding general of the United States Army, or possibly after its Revolutionary War commander Abdiel Brown), but it was commonly called Fort Dumpling throughout its existence.  Fort Dumpling was in the form of an oval stone tower and was frequently used as an artistic motif and a place for social outings. The fort was mentioned in the Secretary of War's report on fortifications for December 1811 as being at "the Dumplins" and is described as "a circular tower of stone, with casemates... with a small expense, there can be mounted six or eight heavy guns; and now in an unfinished state".

Modern history
In 1899, the U.S. government purchased additional land during the Endicott period of coastal fortification, and built Fort Wetherill at the site of Fort Dumpling. Fort Wetherill was the largest fort of the Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay (Harbor Defenses after 1925). It was named for Captain Alexander Macomb Wetherill, a Jamestown native who was killed in action during the Battle of San Juan Hill. Fort Dumpling was destroyed in the process of building the new fort, which featured numerous concrete emplacements for 20th-century breech-loading, rifled coast artillery pieces.

In 1901, Battery Varnum was the first modern battery to be completed, mounting two 12-inch guns on barbette carriages and situated in the far southeast corner of the fort. By 1910, the other six batteries in the fort's pre-World War II arsenal had been brought into service. Several of these batteries are now overgrown with brush, but they offer what is perhaps the longest linear concrete gun line in the coast defenses of New England.

During World War I, the fort was garrisoned by five companies of the Rhode Island National Guard.  After the war, Fort Wetherill reverted to "caretaker status," with only a single Coast Artillery sergeant assigned to watch over it and other nearby facilities. Fort Wetherill was reactivated by the U.S. Army in September 1940 as a major part of the Harbor Defenses of Narragansett Bay, and new barracks were built to house the National Guard's 243rd Coast Artillery Regiment and its 1,200 soldiers. The 10th Coast Artillery Regiment of the Regular Army also garrisoned forts in Rhode Island 1924–45. The fort also functioned in the year before World War II as a military training facility, and late in the war as a training center for German prisoners of war. However, the big guns of the Endicott era were mostly scrapped by 1943, as Fort Wetherill was superseded by new defenses centered on Fort Greene and Fort Church. In 1946, the U.S. military ceased operations at Fort Wetherill, and the site remained abandoned for the quarter century that followed.

The State of Rhode Island officially acquired the fort on 16 August 1972 and reconfigured the site for public use as a state park. In 1972, the site was also added to the National Register of Historic Places.  The park continues to attract visitors with a variety of modern recreational uses.  The property offers walking trails through wooded areas and along the rocky coast, and is a popular destination for scuba diving.

Another distinctive feature of the fort is its surviving buildings and tramway system that were once used in the submarine mining operation that was run from the fort during World War 1 and World War 2. During World War 2, some 300 mines were planted on the east and west sides of Conanicut Island, protecting the approaches to Newport, and almost all of these were maintained from the Mine Wharf at Fort Wetherill.  The image shows the old mine storehouse, one of the best preserved in the United States, with the remains of the tram tracks that used to carry the massive mines in and out of its front door. Mine launches would tie up at the nearby wharf, load the mines that were to be laid, transport them to the inlet, and lay them, together with their electric cables.  Then, when these mines needed to be taken in, they were ferried back to the wharf and transported on the tramway to the various service buildings. A dual mine observation station sat atop the hill between the storehouse and Battery Varnum. Spotters manned this station and others scattered around the harbor defenses, and could locate enemy ships approaching the minefields, signaling to the operators in the mining casemate when a given mine was to be electrically detonated.

Modern armament
Beginning in the early 20th century, the seven major concrete gun batteries listed below were built and armed at Fort Wetherill.  During World War II, Anti-Motor Torpedo Boat (AMTB) Battery 923 was built, consisting of two fixed 90 mm guns plus two mobile 90 mm guns on platforms that remained from an earlier antiaircraft gun battery, along with two 37 mm guns. This battery was previously at Brenton Point in Newport until July 1944. Battery 924, with two 90 mm guns on mobile mounts, was also at the fort. Only Batteries Dickenson and Crittenden (plus the AMTB battery) were operational during World War II. New batteries at Fort Church and Fort Greene included 16-inch guns which superseded most of Fort Wetherill's batteries.

The batteries at Fort Wetherill were:

Battery Varnum was named for James Mitchell Varnum, a Revolutionary War general from Rhode Island. Battery Wheaton was named for Frank Wheaton, a Civil War general from Rhode Island. Battery Walbach was named for John de Barth Walbach, a career Army officer of the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and the Mexican–American War. Battery Zook was named for Samuel K. Zook, a Civil War general. Battery Dickenson was named for George Dickenson, an artillery officer killed in the Civil War. Batteries Crittenden and Cooke were named for two officers killed in the Battle of the Little Big Horn, also called "Custer's Last Stand".

After the US entered World War I, Battery Zook's three 6-inch guns were removed for service on field carriages on the Western Front in 1917 and were never returned to the fort. Records show that the guns arrived in France, but a history of the Coast Artillery in World War I states that none of the regiments in France equipped with 6-inch guns completed training in time to see action before the Armistice.

Battery Walbach's three 10-inch guns were also dismounted in 1917 for potential use as railway guns, but two were soon remounted while the third was transferred to nearby Fort Greble in December 1918. The remaining two guns were eventually transferred to Fort H. G. Wright on Fisher's Island, New York in 1936.

Battery Cooke was disarmed in 1920 as part of a general removal from service of the 3-inch gun M1898. The "masking parapet" carriage unique to that weapon was a retractable pedestal carriage. Battery Crittenden's M1902 guns were placed in storage in 1925, but were replaced that year by two 3-inch M1903 guns from Battery Belton at Fort Adams in Newport.

Battery Varnum's guns were scrapped in 1943 as part of a general scrapping of older heavy weapons once new 16-inch gun batteries were completed. Battery Wheaton was probably also removed from service at this time, but for some reason its guns were exempted from scrapping until the war ended.

Battery Dickenson was retained in service throughout World War II along with other 6-inch pedestal batteries, as this mounting could track enemy vessels better than disappearing mounts. The battery lacked a modern gun data computer during World War II and received its fire control radar data from Set 296–9, an SCR-296 radar located at Brenton Point, off Ocean Avenue in Newport.

Current uses

Fort Wetherill was acquired by the state of Rhode Island and quickly became a location for sightseeing.  It is popular to view the Tall Ships America event that takes place in Narragansett Bay every summer, and was popular for the America's Cup sailing races prior to 1984.  The park offers parking facilities, public restrooms, and picnic tables.

, most batteries have been partly buried to the loading platform level for safety in visiting.  There is considerable spalling of exterior concrete surfaces.  The mine storehouse area is well preserved and restored, with several interpretive plaques describing the mine and net defense systems in Narragansett Bay. , most of the surface of the fort is covered in graffiti.

See also
 Seacoast defense in the United States
 United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
 10th Coast Artillery (United States)
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island

References

Image gallery

External links

 Fort Wetherill State Park Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Parks and Recreations Division
 History of the Fort Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Parks and Recreations Division
 List of all US coastal forts and batteries at the Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. website
 American Forts Network, lists forts in the US, former US territories, Canada, and Central America
 Fort Wetherill at FortWiki

Wetherill
Wetherill
Wetherill
Wetherill
Wetherill
Buildings and structures in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Jamestown, Rhode Island
Protected areas of Newport County, Rhode Island
Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
United States home front during World War II
Government buildings completed in 1899
1899 establishments in Rhode Island
1948 disestablishments in Rhode Island
Historic American Engineering Record in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island


Grafton station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in the North Grafton village of Grafton, Massachusetts, served by the Framingham/Worcester Line. The station is fully accessible, with mini-high platforms serving both of the line's two tracks.

A former station at North Grafton was open from the 1800s until 1960. The modern station, located near Tufts University's Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine  east of the former station, opened in 2000.

History

Former station

The Boston and Worcester Railroad, which later became part of the Boston and Albany Railroad (B&A) opened to Worcester on July 4, 1835. Grafton station was established near New England Village (later called North Grafton) along the road to Shrewsbury by 1838. The Grafton Centre Railroad, a  narrow-gauge feeder line, opened on August 20, 1874. Grafton station was renamed North Grafton to differentiate it from the Grafton Centre terminus. The branch line was converted to standard gauge in 1887, renamed the Grafton and Upton Railroad (G&U) in 1888, and extended to Milford in 1890.

The G&U was electrified in 1902; passenger service was provided by streetcars operated by the Milford and Uxbridge Street Railway. North Grafton was a transfer point between B&A trains, G&U streetcars, and Worcester Consolidated Street Railway streetcars on the Worcester–Westborough line and Grafton Centre branch. Under great financial strain, the Worcester Consolidated cut its unprofitable suburban lines between 1925 and 1931. Westborough service ended in 1927; Grafton service lasted until 1931. Streetcar service on the G&U ended on August 31, 1928, though freight service continued. The G&U has continued to use a yard at North Grafton, where the freight house (built between 1930 and 1957) remains in use by the railroad.

Grafton station continued to be served by B&A commuter trains. The station was closed on April 24, 1960 when the B&A dropped almost all stops west of Framingham as part of service cuts. In August 1973, the 1964-formed Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) began subsidizing service (operated by Penn Central since 1968) between Boston and Framingham. On October 27, 1975, the one remaining Worcester round trip was cut back to Framingham.

Modern station

In 1994, service to Worcester was restored as mitigation for delays with reopening the Old Colony Lines. Service initially ran nonstop from Framingham to Worcester, but intermediate park and ride stops were added later as mitigation for delays in reopening the Greenbush Line. Grafton station opened on February 23, 2000 - the first of the four infill stations to open on the Framingham/Worcester Line. The modern station is  east of the former North Grafton station site; it is located off Massachusetts Route 30 adjacent to the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and other redevelopment of the former Grafton State Hospital. The station is intended to support transit-oriented development of additional sections of the former hospital site.

The station has two low-level side platforms serving the two tracks of the Worcester Line, with mini-high platforms at the west ends to make the station accessible. The parking lot is on the north side of the station; a ramp leads from the lot directly to the outbound mini-high platform. A footbridge connects the lot to the inbound platform, with a ramp from the bridge to the mini-high section.

References

External links

MBTA - Grafton
Station from Pine Street from Google Maps Street View

MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2000
Grafton, Massachusetts


CKOR is a Canadian radio station in Penticton, British Columbia. Bell Media owns the station, which operates at 800 AM with 10,000 watts of transmission power in the daytime and 500 watts at night, and airs an adult hits format under the Bounce brand. CKOR uses a non-directional antenna at all times.

History
CKOR was first signed on in 1946 by Okanagan Broadcasters Ltd., the owner of Kelowna radio station CKOV, as CKOK, a rebroadcaster of the Kelowna station, at its original frequency of 1450 AM with 250 watts of power. In 1948, CKOK moved to its current spot on the AM dial, and in September that year, became autonomous from CKOV as it began airing its own schedule.

In 1950, CKOK increased its power to 1000 watts in the daytime and 500 watts at night. By 1957, CKOK Ltd. was established as the station's owner, and it was an affiliate of CBC Radio's Dominion Network. After the Dominion Network dissolved, the station was an affiliate of the main CBC Radio network until 1977. Two of the principal owners were Maurice Finnerty and Roy Chapman. Chapman eventually relinquished his portion to the Finnerty family. Maurice Finnerty served as Provincial MLA for Okanagan-Similkameen from 1949 to 1952 and was mayor of Penticton from 1962 to 1967. CKOK's daytime power was increased to 10 kilowatts in 1960, and on June 1, 1965, station parent CKOK Ltd. signed on CKOK-FM, which mostly simulcast its AM sister's programming in the beginning. On April 14, 1972, ownership of CKOK, CKOK-FM and parent company Okanagan Radio Ltd. (the successor of CKOK Ltd.) was transferred from the Finnerty family to Fraser Valley Broadcasters Ltd. (the owner of CHWK Chilliwack and CFVR Abbotsford). With Gerald Pash as the Managing Director, the station was named AM Station of the Year by the British Columbia Association of Broadcasters in 1973. In September 1974 Fraser Valley Broadcasters sold Okanagan Radio Limited to Dennis Barkman, Ken Davis and Gerald Pash. Pash was named BC Associations of Broadcasters "Broadcaster Citizen of the Year" in 1983 and he was Penticton "Citizen of the Year" in 1985.

CKOK disaffiliated from the CBC in 1977. CKOK-FM changed its call sign to CKOR-FM and in 1986 to its present call sign of CJMG. In 1985, the CRTC granted CKOK permission to move to 780 AM and to increase its power to 20,000 watts in the daytime and 10,000 watts at night, but the station never made the move as it remained at its present frequency and power. In 1988, Okanagan Skeena Group acquired the interest of Barkman and Pash, and then the interest of Ken Davis in 1990.  CKOK adopted its present call sign of CKOR (taken from the former calls of its FM sister) in 1991.

In 1999, Telemedia purchased Okanagan Skeena Group and its broadcasting assets (including CKOR); shortly after, CKOR adopted Telemedia's EZ Rock brand. In 2002, CKOR and the other former Okanagan Skeena stations were purchased by Standard Radio, which in turn was purchased on September 27, 2007 by Astral Media, the current owner of CKOR. Bell Media then acquired the stations when it purchased Astral Media.

As part of a mass format reorganization by Bell Media, on May 18, 2021, CKOR flipped to adult hits under the Bounce branding. It is currently one of only two AM stations under the brand.

Former logos

References

External links
Bounce 800
History site - BC Radio History

Kor
Kor
Kor
Radio stations established in 1946
1946 establishments in British Columbia
KOR


Faith Patricia Evans (May 11, 1937 – January 9, 2014) was a Hawaii state legislator and one of the first women to serve as a United States Marshal.

Early years

Evans, of Hawaiian and Puerto Rican descent, was  born in Honolulu, Hawaii. She previously worked as public relations director of Habilitat Inc., and was a member of the Hawaii Legislature for six years (1974-1980).

U.S. Marshal
Evans was appointed U.S. Marshal for the District of Hawaii by President Ronald Reagan on August 12, 1982. She was involved in various high-profile cases while serving as U.S. Marshal. One of them was the 1964 case of Henry Huihui, a leading figure in Hawaii's underworld, who became a protected Federal witness in a plea bargain that required him to testify, on request, about crimes he knew about. According to Evans: Another high-profile case was that involving Franklin Y.K. Sunn. Hawaii's top welfare officer who was jailed on a contempt-of-court charge in 1983. Before the judge set Sunn free, Evans said:

Other activities

Evans was also a registered nurse who worked at St. Francis Hospital. She founded the Puerto Rican Heritage Society in Hawaii and, in 2000, led the Puerto Rican Centennial Commission of Hawaii. During the celebration activities of the Puerto Rican Centennial Commission, Evans was quoted as saying:

Death
Evans died on January 9, 2014, in Kailua, Hawaii. She is survived by husband, Noel; son, John; daughters, Tricia and Kathleen; sister, June (Harry) Shultz, Leona Parker; brother, Donald Ernesto.

Hawaii Gov. Neil Abercrombie paid tribute to Evans and ordered that the flags of the United States and State of Hawaii be flown at half-staff at all state offices and agencies as well as the Hawaii National Guard from sunrise to sunset on Friday, Jan. 17, 2014, the day of her memorial services.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican migration to Hawaii

References

1937 births
2014 deaths
United States Marshals
Women state legislators in Hawaii
Members of the Hawaii House of Representatives
Puerto Rican law enforcement personnel
American women nurses
Politicians from Honolulu
Native Hawaiian women in politics
Hawaii people of Puerto Rican descent


Apollinaire Bouchardat (July 23, 1809 – April 7, 1886) was a French pharmacist and hygienist born in L'Isle-sur-Serein.

Biography

He studied at the Ecole de pharmacie de Paris and the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, and later became chief pharmacist at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, where he worked for much of his career. In the mid-1850s he became professor of hygiene at the Faculté de médecine.

Among his written works was the popular "Nouveau Formulaire Magistral", a formulary that was published over many editions. It contained information about health spas and pharmaceutical formulae that included natural cures and remedies for all types of ailments. Beginning in 1840, he was editor of the journal "Annuaire de thérapeutique, de matière médicale de pharmacie et de toxicologie".

In 1877, with Alexandre Lacassagne and Émile Vallin, he was a founding member of the "Société de Médecine publique et d'Hygiène professionnelle"

Diabetes

Bouchardat is often credited as the founder of diabetology, and was a major figure involving dietetic therapy for treatment of diabetes prior to the advent of insulin therapy. He recognized that fasting was a method to reduce glycosuria, and speculated that the principal cause of diabetes was located in the pancreas. In the treatment of the disease, he stressed the importance of exercise, and developed a procedure for self-testing urine to determine the presence of glucose. Bouchardat developed a low-carbohydrate diet for his diabetic patients.

Bouchardat's low-carbohydrate diet included high amounts of fat and protein, a bottle of red wine, days of complete fasting and outside exercise. He suggested that once all carbohydrates had been removed from the diet they could be partially reintroduced after the disappearance of glycosuria which could be detected alone by patients tasting their own urine.

Associated eponym
 "Bouchardat's treatment": Treatment of diabetes mellitus by use of a low-carbohydrate diet.

Principal works
 Manuel de matière médicale de thérapeutique et de pharmacie, (1838, fifth edition 1873) –  Materia medica manual of therapeutics and pharmacy.
 Eléments de matière médicale et de pharmacie (Paris 1839) – Elements of materia medica and pharmacy.
 Nouveau formulaire magistral, etc. (1840, 19th edition 1874).
 De la glycosurie ou Diabète sucré son traitement hygiénique, Paris, (1875, second edition 1883) – On glycosuria or diabetes mellitus and its hygienic treatment.
 Traité d'hygiène publique et privée basée sur l'etiology, 1881 – Treatise on public and private hygiene, based on etiology.

References

 NCBI Apollinaire Bouchardat, pharmacist, nutritionist.

1809 births
1866 deaths
French diabetologists
French pharmacists
Hygienists
Low-carbohydrate diet advocates
People from Yonne


The Oberliga Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein was the fourth tier of the German football league system in the north of Germany, existing from 1994 to 2004. It covered the states of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. With the re-formation of the Oberliga Nord in 2004, the league was disbanded.

Overview

The Oberliga Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein started out in 1994 as a replacement for the Oberliga Nord, which was disbanded in that year. Along with this league, the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen was formed to cover the other two of the four states the Oberliga Nord previously had served. The reason for the disbanding of the Oberliga Nord and the creation of two separate leagues in its stead was the formation of the Regionalliga Nord, which became the new third tier of league football in the north and covered exactly the same region as the Oberliga previously.

The league was formed from sixteen clubs, with eight of them coming from the Verbandsliga Schleswig-Holstein, seven from the Verbandsliga Hamburg and one from the Oberliga Nord.

For the duration of the league's existence, it was fed by the two Verbandsligas of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein with the winners of these leagues gaining direct promotion to the Oberliga.

The winner of the Oberliga was directly promoted to the Regionalliga from 1995 to 1999. In 2000, no promotion was available due to changes in the league system. From 2001 to 2004, the league champion had to play-off for promotion with the winner of the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen. The first three years, the winner of this league won this contest, only in 2004 gained the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen champion the upper hand.

In 2000, with the reduction of the number of Regionalligas to two, eight clubs were relegated from this league to the Oberligas and the league expanded to eighteen teams. The Regionalliga Nord now covered the complete northern half of Germany, not just the traditional region of the Oberliga Nord.

On these grounds it was decided in 2004 to reform a united Oberliga Nord which allowed direct promotion to its champion to the Regionalliga. The Oberliga Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein was therefore disbanded. The clubs placed first to eighth were admitted to the new Oberliga. The other ten clubs in the league were relegated to the Verbandsligas.

In 2008, with the introduction of the new 3. Liga, the Oberliga Nord was disbanded again. The Oberligas Niedersachsen/Bremen and Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein however were not reformed. Below the Regionalliga Nord the five Verbandsligas in the north functioned as the next level of play, making it the only region, until 2012, without an Oberliga and without direct promotion to the Regionalliga.

League champions
The league champions:

The FC St. Pauli II was ineligible for promotion in 2003 as their first team was relegated to the Regionalliga. VfR Neumünster, the runners-up, was promoted instead.

Placings in the league from 1994 to 2004
The complete list of clubs in the league and their final placings:

 1 FC Altona 93 withdrew its team to the Verbandsliga in 1997.
 2 VfL 93 Hamburg withdrew its team to the Verbandsliga in 1998.
 3 TSV Pansdorf withdrew its team from the league in 2000.
 4 TuS Hoisdorf and TuS Felde withdrew their teams from the league in 2001.
 5 1. SC Norderstedt, Eichholzer SV and TSV Lägersdorf withdrew their teams from the league in 2002.
 6 TSV Altenholz withdrew its team from the league in 2003.

Key

Founding members of the league
The league was formed from sixteen clubs from two states in 1994, those being:

From the Oberliga Nord:
1. SC Norderstedt

From the Verbandsliga Hamburg:
ASV Bergedorf
FC St. Pauli II
VfL Pinneberg
Barsbütteler SV
Harburger TB
FC Altona 93
SV Halstenbek-Rellingen

From the Verbandsliga Schleswig-Holstein:
Holstein Kiel II
Heider SV
SV Sereetz
TSV Pansdorf
1. FC Phönix Lübeck
Itzehoer SV
TSB Flensburg
SpVgg Flensburg 08

Disbanding of the league
The league was disbanded in 2004 and replaced by the Oberliga Nord. Its clubs were spread between the Oberliga Nord and the two Verbandsligas:

To the Oberliga Nord:
Holstein Kiel II
FC Altona 93
Concordia Hamburg
Meiendorfer SV
FC St. Pauli II
ASV Bergedorf 85
FT Eider Büdelsdorf
SC Victoria Hamburg

To the Verbandsliga Hamburg:
SV Lurup
VfL Pinneberg
TSV Sasel
Vorwärts/Wacker Billstedt
Rasensport Elmshorn
Wedeler TSV

To the Verbandsliga Schleswig-Holstein:
Husumer SV
TSV Kropp
SpVgg Flensburg 08
Heider SV

References

Sources
 Deutschlands Fußball in Zahlen,  An annual publication with tables and results from the Bundesliga to Verbandsliga/Landesliga. DSFS.
 Kicker Almanach,  The yearbook on German football from Bundesliga to Oberliga, since 1937. Kicker Sports Magazine.
 Die Deutsche Liga-Chronik 1945-2005  History of German football from 1945 to 2005 in tables. DSFS. 2006.

External links
 Das deutsche Fussball Archiv  Historic German league tables
 The Hamburg Football Association (HFV)
 The Schleswig-Holstein Football Association (SHFV)
 Northern German Football Association (NFV)

Ham
Football competitions in Hamburg
Football competitions in Schleswig-Holstein
1994 establishments in Germany
2004 disestablishments in Germany
Sports leagues established in 1994
Sports leagues disestablished in 2004
Ger


Sargodha Tehsil  (), is an administrative subdivision of the Sargodha District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The tehsil is subdivided into 62 Union Councils - 22 of which form the city of Sargodha.

Location
Sargodha Tehsil is situated in Pakistani province of Punjab. It is located  northwest of Lahore, in Sargodha District. It lies about  from the M-2 motorway, which connects Lahore and Islamabad. It is connected to the M-2 by several interchanges at different locations. Sargodha is roughly  from Faisalabad, due southeast. Directly east connected by the M-2 motorway are Lahore and the route to Rawalpindi and Islamabad.

Education

Notable educational institutes

Sargodha Water Supply will be constructed in 1925. This water supply system has been supplying clean drinking water to the residents of Sargodha city since 1925. At present the population of Sargodha city is more than seven lakhs, this water supply supplies water to this population for two hours in the morning and evening.

Demographics
According to the census of 1998, the population of tehsil was recorded as 1,081,000.

References

Sargodha District
Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan
Populated places in Sargodha District


Guyandot or Guyandotte are alternate spellings of Wyandot, a group of native North Americans also known as the Hurons.

Guyandot or Guyandotte may also refer to:

USS Guyandot (AOG-16)
Guyandotte, Huntington, West Virginia
Guyandotte River in West Virginia


Luigi Ciotti OMRI (born 10 September 1945), is an Italian Catholic priest belonging to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Turin, deeply involved in the fight against illegality and organized crime such as the Mafia.

Biography
Born in Pieve di Cadore, in the province of Belluno, on 10 September 1945, Ciotti moved with his family to Turin in 1950. He was ordained priest in 1972 by Cardinal Michele Pellegrino, who assigned him to the parish.of the streets of Turin.

Ciotti's involvement with social work started in 1966, when he founded Gruppo Abele (Abel's Group) to follow drug addicts held in Juvenile Detention Centers. In 1982, he founded CNCA, the national network of organizations dedicated to charitable hospitality. In 1987 he was appointed the first president of the Italian League against AIDS (LILA), founded by Franco Grillini and others in 1986. On March 25, 1995 he set up the association Libera (Free), to coordinate efforts by Italian organizations against organized crime.

Publications
In 1988 Ciotti started to write for newspapers and specialized magazines dealing with social work and public education. In February 1993 he published the first issue of the monthly magazine Narcomafie (Narcotics Mafias). He has authored several books dealing with educational and social problems, such as Genitori, figli e droga (Parents, Children and Drugs), written in collaboration with Vaccaro, and Chi ha paura delle mele marce, (Who is afraid of Rotten Apples).

Honors
On July 1, 1998, Ciotti received an Honorary Degree in Education from the University of Bologna. He is also a recipient of the Cavaliere Gran Croce dell'Ordine al Merito (Cavalier Grand Cross of the Order of Merit) from the Italian Government. On June 23, 2007, he received the "Premio Speciale San Bernardo" (Special Prize St. Bernard) for his endeavors to solve social problems.

See also
Drug addiction
Drug rehabilitation
Illegal drug trade
Streetwise priest

External links

Luigi Ciotti - Enciclopedia Multimediale delle Scienze Filosofiche (Multimedia Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences)
Associazione Gruppo Abele Onlus
Narcomafie (Narcotics Mafias)
libera.it - association against the Mafia, official site

1945 births
Antimafia
Italian educational theorists
Clergy from Turin
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Living people
Recipients of the European Citizen's Prize


Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.

Erigeron strigosus is native to eastern and central North America as far west as Manitoba, Idaho and Texas. It has also become naturalized in western North America as well as in Europe and China as a somewhat weedy naturalized species.

Erigeron strigosus is an annual or biennial herb reaching heights of up to 80 cm (32 inches). It has hairy, petioled, non-clasping, oval-shaped leaves a few centimeters long mostly on the lower part of the plant. One plant can produce as many as 200 flower heads in a spindly array of branching stems. Each head is less than a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide, containing 50–100 white, pink, or blue ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

Varieties
Erigeron strigosus var. calcicola J. R. Allison - Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee
Erigeron strigosus var. dolomiticola J. R. Allison - Alabama
Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus - much of North America; introduced in China
Erigeron strigosus var. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Fernald - much of North America; introduced in Europe

References

External links

UC Calphotos gallery of Erigeron strigosus
Jepson Manual Treatment: Erigeron strigosus

strigosus
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Eastern United States
Plants described in 1803
Taxa named by Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg


The Hamilton Street Circuit was a temporary street circuit in Hamilton, New Zealand. From 2008 to 2012 it hosted the Hamilton 400 as part of the V8 Supercars championship.

From 2010 to 2012, ITM, New Zealand's largest group of independent trade building supplies, sponsored the race and it became known as the ITM 400.

Demise
Some residents of the city wanted the V8s gone, as they took over city streets and blocked residents from entering and exiting their own homes.

On 14 December 2010, The New Zealand Herald reported that Julie Hardaker, the newly elected Mayor of Hamilton, and some councilors appointed an independent auditor to audit the cost of the race. The figures released on 14 December suggested that a NZ$3.5m cost to change the event to a different promoter (the original promoter, Caleta Streetrace Management, was collapsed in 2010), NZ$5.1m for operational costs and NZ$20.3m for set-up costs. The sum (NZ$27.4 million) did not include "commercially confidential" amounts such as event sponsorship payments.

The cost to run the V8 Supercar event was eventually deemed too great and the final V8 Supercar race was held on 22 April 2012; it was won by Mark Winterbottom.

The circuit
Hamilton Street Circuit was  long circuit ran in a clockwise direction around the Frankton business district with the pit lane and main straight located on Mill Street. The circuit also went alongside the Seddon Park and the Waikato Stadium. It was generally a narrow race track with armco and concrete lined sides but it could be fast and flowing. There were plenty of passing opportunities and those who quickly dial into the contained style of street racing had the most success. The circuit was not very forgiving if the driver got off the racing line because it was surrounded by the aforementioned fences and concrete barriers.

Lap records
The official race lap records at Hamilton Street Circuit are listed as:

References

External links
Official Website of V8 race
V8 Supercar's info of Hamilton Street Circuit
Holden gets Hamilton 400 hat-trick

Motorsport venues in New Zealand
Supercars Championship circuits
Sports venues in Hamilton, New Zealand


This is a list of trolleybus systems in Germany by Land.  It includes all trolleybus systems, past and present.  A city name in bold indicates a presently existing system.

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin and Brandenburg

Bremen

Hamburg

Hesse

Lower Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarland

Saxony

Saxony-Anhalt

Schleswig-Holstein

Thuringia

Towns in historic East Prussia, West Prussia, Lower Silesia and Brandenburg that are no longer part of Germany:
 Allenstein: see Olsztyn, Poland
 Breslau: see Wrocław, Poland
 Danzig: see Gdańsk, Poland
 Insterburg: see Chernyakhovsk, Russia
 Landsberg an der Warthe: see Gorzów (Wielkopolski), Poland
 Liegnitz: see Legnica, Poland
 Waldenburg: see Walbrzych, Poland

See also
 List of trolleybus systems, for all other countries
 Trolleybus
  Oberleitungsbus
 Trolleybus usage by country
 List of town tramway systems in Germany
 List of light-rail transit systems
 List of rapid transit systems

Sources

References

Books and periodicals

 Trolleybus Magazine (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly.
 Blickpunkt Strassenbahn. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Strassenbahn e.V. (Germany). Bimonthly.

External links

Germany

Trolleybus systems


Garnier de Nablus (1147 – 31 August 1192), also known as Garnier of Syria, was the tenth Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1190 to 1192, succeeding Armengol de Aspa. He fought at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191 during the Third Crusade. It was under his magistracy that the headquarters of the Order were transferred from Tyre to Acre. He was succeeded by Geoffroy de Donjon.

Biography
The name Garnier de Nablus possibly links him to a well attested family settled in Nablus, but he could also be of English origin because he was Prior of the Langue d'Angleterre, an office normally entrusted to a native of the language. He was Lord of Gibelin from 1173 to 1175, and then grand preceptor of the Order on two occasions, from 1176 to 1177 and from 1180 to 1184. He was then invested, on April 10, 1185, with the functions of Prior of the Langue d'Angleterre until 1189, a function which he combined in 1189 with the office of Grand Commander of the Hospitaller.

Garnier was seriously injured at the disastrous Battle of Hattin in 1187, which decided the fate of Jerusalem. He nevertheless managed to reach the city of Ascalon and recovered from his wounds. He took over from Armengol de Aspa to become Grand Master at an unknown date, but generally considered to be between July 1189 and 25 March 1190. He was in Paris from July 1189 to 24 March 1190 waiting for Richard I of England. He embarked in Marseille in the summer of 1190 for Messina, arriving on 23 September where he met Philippe Auguste who had arrived from Genoa on 16 September. A document dated 8 October 1190 in Messina confirms the presence of the two kings, the Grand Master of the Hospitaller and Robert IV de Sablé, soon to be Grand Master of the Templars.

Third Crusade
Garnier left Messina on 10 April 1191, with Richard's fleet, which then anchored on 1 May at the port of Lemesos . Richard continued to Cyprus on 6 May to avenge the crews of three English ships thrown ashore by the storm that the Emperor of Cyprus Isaac Komnenos had attacked. Richard subdued the island on 11 May despite the mediation of Garnier. They set sail again on 5 June and sank a Muslim ship that was going to supply Acre on 7 June, in sight of Margat, a fortress belonging to the Hospitallers. They arrived in Acre on 8 June to the acclamations of the attackers. There they found Philippe Auguste leading the siege. The besiegers eventually got the upper hand and, under the helpless eyes of Saladin, the besieged capitulated on 12 July 1191.

Philip Augustus left the Holy Land on 31 July, 1191. On 22 August 1191, Richard left Acre in the direction of Jaffa. The Templars formed the vanguard, the Breton and Angevin knights the first group, in the second the Poitevins under the orders of Guy de Lusignan, the third the Normans and the English and at the rear, the Hospitallers. The foot soldiers were on the left wing and on the rear, on the right wing the convoy between the troops and the sea. Richard with an elite troop was ready to intervene where necessary. The Hospitallers were attacked on September 7, arriving at the gardens of Arsuf.

Battle of Arsuf

Richard had previously ordered no direct engagement with the enemy on the march to capture Jaffa during the Battle of Arsuf. Situated at the rear of the military column, Garnier's Hospitallers were under heavy pressure by the Muslims. They were constantly harassed with arrows and small scale hit-and-run attacks in an attempt to disrupt and lure the crusader column into full battle. According to the 13th-century manuscript Itinerarium Regis Ricardi, Garnier was near breaking point and rode forward in person to try to persuade Richard to attack:

My lord the king, we are violently pressed by the enemy, and are in danger of eternal infamy, as if we did not dare to return their blows; we are each of us losing our horses one after another, and why should we bear with them any further?

He also asked that Richard relieve the pressure with a cavalry charge. Richard refused and replied, "Good Master, it is you who must sustain the attack; no man can be everywhere at once." When the pressure increased, the Grand Master and one other knight, Baldwin de Carreo, charged the Saracens. They were joined soon after by the rest of the Hospitaller force. Richard, seeing that his orders were already disobeyed, signaled for a full charge. This caught the enemy at a vulnerable moment, and their ranks were broken. Thus, in some ways, Garnier helped win the battle, though in contravention of Richard's orders.

Later years
Garnier is last mentioned in connection with the engagement of Betenoble on 12 June 1192, during which he punished a brother of the Order, Robert of Bruges, for attacking the enemy without his order. Garnier of Nablus died in the second half of 1192, probably on August 31. The first mention of his successor Geoffroy de Donjon is in January 1193.

Popular culture
In the video game Assassin's Creed (2007), Garnier de Naplouse (the game uses the French Naplouse instead of Nablus) is one of the nine main assassination targets.

Actor Donald Sumpter portrays Garnier de Nablus in the 2008 BBC TV docudrama series Heroes and Villains, which features a reenactment of the Battle of Arsuf.

See also

 Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers
 List of Knights Hospitaller sites
 Langue (Knights Hospitaller)
 Flags of the Knights Hospitaller

References

Bibliography

External links
Garnier de Naplouse. French Wikipedia.
Liste des grands maîtres de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem. French Wikipedia.
Eugène Harot, Essai d’armorial des Grands-Maîtres de l’Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem.
Seals of the Grand Masters. Museum of the Order of St John.
Charles Moeller, Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. Catholic Encyclopedia (1910). 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
Knights Hospitaller
Christians of the Third Crusade
1192 deaths
Priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England
1147 births


CCBA is an abbreviation that could refer to:
 Certification of Capability in Business Analysis, a business analysis professional certification awarded by the International Institute of Business Analysis
 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, associations established in various parts of the United States with large populations of Chinese people.
 Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance, an initiative to promote the development of land management activities that simultaneously deliver significant benefits for climate, local communities, and biodiversity
 Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, beverage company in Southern and East Africa
 Cook County Bar Association, Illinois, United States
 Chinese Contract Bridge Association, governing body of contract bridge in China (People's Republic of)


The 2008 Bulldogs RLFC season was the 74th in the club's history. They competed in the NRL's 2008 Telstra Premiership, finishing in last place.

Season summary
High-profile player departures and political infighting during the 2007-2008 off-season had led to predictions that the Bulldogs would have a difficult 2008, predictions which were borne out across the season. The club languished towards the bottom of the ladder throughout the year, suffering heavy losses against many teams, the most notable being a 46-0 loss to the Melbourne Storm, a 58-18 loss to the Canberra Raiders and a 56-4 loss against the Wests Tigers, breaking records. The key problems for the Bulldogs were poor defence and continuing injury problems, with usually 10 first grade players injured at a time, including season ending injuries to key players Luke Patten and Willie Tonga. After the club's 58-18 thrashing at the hands of the Raiders in Round 15, coach Steve Folkes admitted that the Bulldogs were "at the bottom of a fairly big hole with no way out of it in the short term". Folkes' men would only win one more game in the entire season, and finished 2008 with the wooden spoon in what was Folkes' final year with the club. It was the Bulldogs' first wooden spoon since 1964, discounting 2002 when it breached the salary cap and were stripped of all competition points.

On the field the Bulldogs suffered a season of unrelenting disappointment, leading to just five wins for the entire season. Other than the record-breaking losses already mentioned above, the Bulldogs suffered its first loss against St. George Illawarra since 2003, and lost twice against the Sydney Roosters, Parramatta Eels (in the first meeting the Bulldogs had a 20-0 halftime lead but somehow lost 28-20), Penrith Panthers and Canberra Raiders throughout the course of the season. The loss to the Roosters in particular was made bitter notably because Willie Mason and Mark O'Meley were playing against the Bulldogs for the first time. The Bulldogs however did win two of their opening three matches against the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Wests Tigers, raising optimism amongst fans. The other three wins were against those that would make the finals: the Dragons in round six, the Sharks in round 11 and the Broncos at Suncorp Stadium in round 18. No more wins would follow for the season. The Bulldogs' highest score for the season in a single match was 34 when it lost for the second time to Canberra, 52-34. Their highest in a winning match was 32, when it defeated the Wests Tigers in round 3, by 32-12. Further souring the Bulldogs' season of shame, Sonny Bill Williams left the club without warning late in July to pursue a career in rugby union (read more below).

The team also faced off-field turbulence. Throughout May and June, there was heavy media coverage of star player Sonny Bill Williams' discontent with Bulldogs management and with his contract arrangements, and of his rumoured desire to leave the club to play rugby union or in the Super League. After confirming that he would play out the remaining 4 years of his contract, Williams left the country without warning in late July to join French rugby union club RC Toulon, in what many rugby league fans regarded as an enormous betrayal. The Bulldogs commenced legal action against Williams for breach of contract, and eventually received substantial compensation for the walkout.

Match results
ANZ Stadium is a home ground of five NRL teams (the Bulldogs as well as South Sydney Rabbitohs, Wests Tigers, St George Illawarra Dragons and Parramatta Eels), and therefore the Bulldogs are not officially classified as the home team at every match they play there. ANZ Stadium matches at which the Bulldogs are classified as the home team are highlighted in bold.

Season ladder

Scorers
For NRL first-grade matches only.

Stats to the end of Round 23, NRL, 2008

Squad

Bold Players have played International or State any year

Player movements

Gains 2009

Losses 2009

Off Contract at end of 2009

Off Contract at end of 2010

Off Contract at end of 2011

See also
 List of Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs seasons

References

External links
 Bulldogs

Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs seasons
Bulldogs RLFC season


A ledger is an accounting book for recording accounting transactions.

Ledger may also refer to:

Publications
 The Ledger, a Florida newspaper
 Ledger (journal), a peer-reviewed journal on cryptocurrency
 Antioch Daily Ledger, a California newspaper
 Jewish Ledger, a Connecticut newspaper
 Ledger-Enquirer, an Ohio newspaper
 Monadnock Ledger, a New Hampshire newspaper
 Monadnock Ledger-Transcript, a New Hampshire newspaper
 The Patriot Ledger, a Massachusetts newspaper
 Public Ledger (Philadelphia), a Pennsylvania newspaper
 The Star-Ledger, a New Jersey newspaper
 New York Ledger, a fictional tabloid in the Law & Order franchise

Technology
 Distributed ledger
 Ledger (software)
 SQL-Ledger
 Ledger (cryptocurrency hardware wallet)

Art
 The Ledger Awards, in Australian comic art and publishing
 Ledger line, a tool of musical notation
 Ledger, a solo project for Skillet drummer Jen Ledger

Other uses
 General ledger
 Ledger (surname)
 Ledger stone, a flat stone slab covering a grave
 In construction a ledger is a horizontal support such as in scaffolding
 Ledger, a paper size

See also
 Leger (disambiguation)


Johannes Legrant (fl. c. 1420 – 1440) was a French or Burgundian composer of the early Renaissance.

Little is known for certain about his life, and as is common for composers of the early 15th century, there are problems of identification in the existing records.  In 1423 and 1424, he may have been a vicar at St. Vincent in Soignes, a collegiate church with an active music establishment.  Antwerp Cathedral's records mention a 'Heer Jan le Grant' as a singer there from 1441 to 1443, and this may also have been him.

All of Legrant's surviving music is vocal.  His style is related to that of the early Burgundian School, and resembles some of the early work of Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois; influence may have gone either way.  He wrote elegant melodic lines in the Burgundian manner, and used the secular forms which were typical of the Burgundians:  the rondeau and the ballade.  Imitation is also prominent in his work.

In addition to his secular music – four rondeaux and a ballade – four sacred pieces have survived, including two settings of the Gloria of the mass, for two and three voices, and a three voice Credo.

It is not known if he is related to Guillaume Legrant, a slightly better-known contemporary of Johannes.  The one ballade attributed to Johannes has also been suggested to be the work of Guillaume based on stylistic characteristics.

References
 Craig Wright/Sean Gallagher:  "Johannes Legrant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 23, 2008), (subscription access)

References

1440 deaths
Burgundian school composers
Renaissance composers
Year of birth uncertain
Year of birth unknown
French classical composers
French male classical composers
French composers of sacred music


The Human Edge is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Baen Books in 2003 and was edited by Hank Davis.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Astounding SF, Analog Science Fiction and Fact, If, Fantasy and Science Fiction and Worlds of Tomorrow.

Contents

 "Introduction: The Dickson Edge", by Hank Davis
 "Danger—Human"
 "Sleight of Wit"
 "In the Bone"
 "3-Part Puzzle"
 "An Ounce of Emotion"
 "Brother Charlie"
 "The Game of Five"
 "Tiger Green"
 "The Hard Way"
 "Jackal’s Meal"
 "On Messenger Mountain"
 "The Catch"

Sources

2003 short story collections
Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson
Books with cover art by David Burroughs Mattingly


Sea History is a quarterly magazine published by the National Maritime Historical Society (NMHS) focusing on naval and maritime history. The magazine was first published in April 1972. It is edited by Deirdre O'Regan.

References

External links
 Sea History Magazine

History magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1987
Maritime history magazines
Magazines published in New York (state)
Boating magazines


CJMG-FM is a Canadian radio station located in Penticton, British Columbia. The station, owned by Bell Media and operating at 97.1 FM with 1,800 watts of power, is branded as Move 97.1 and has an adult contemporary format.

Prior to December 27, 2020, CJMG was branded as 97.1 Sun FM with a CHR/Top 40 format.

Former logo

References

External links
Move 97.1

Jmg
Jmg
Jmg
Radio stations established in 1965
1965 establishments in British Columbia


"Raise It Up" is a 2007 song written by Jamal Joseph, Charles Mack and Tevin Thomas for the motion picture August Rush. "Raise It Up" is performed in the film by Jamia Simone Nash and Impact Repertory Theatre, an African-American youth theatre group based in Harlem.  The song was produced by Joseph and Mack.

In the film, August Rush (Freddie Highmore) wanders into Harlem and is drawn to a church by the voice of a young soloist named Hope (Nash) singing this song, which inspires him.  Hope ultimately brings him to the attention of her pastor, Reverend James (Mykelti Williamson), who helps August further develop his talent.

"Raise It Up" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 80th Academy Awards; however, the nomination announcement originally said "Nominees to be determined".  The production notes credit the song to the Impact Repertory Theatre as a whole; however, Oscar rules allow no more than three individuals to be credited with the song for nomination purposes.  (This was the same rule that prevented Beyoncé Knowles from sharing in the Oscar nomination for her 2006 song "Listen" from Dreamgirls, even though she co-wrote it.)  The next day, the Academy updated its list to show Joseph, Mack and Thomas as the nominees.

On July 24, 2008, on The Young and the Restless, the characters Devon Hamilton and Ana Hamilton (played by August Rush's Nash) sang this song in the gala.

References

2007 songs


"The Geranium" is an early short story by the American author Flannery O'Connor. It was first published in Accent: A Quarterly of New Literature in 1946 and is one of the six stories included in O'Connor's 1947 master's thesis The Geranium: A Collection of Short Stories. It later appeared in the 1971 collection The Complete Stories.

O'Connor was fond of the story and rewrote it into "An Exile in the East" (1954), "Getting Home" (1964), and "Judgement Day" (1964). As "Judgement Day," it appeared as the final story of Everything That Rises Must Converge in 1965. All four versions of the story were published together in Flannery O'Connor: The Growing Craft in 1993.

Critical Reception
Criticism of the story is mixed. Lite Reads Review states "I think The Geranium by Flannery O’Connor is an incredibly mixed bag. The symbolism and style both work so well that I want to love it, but I would also much rather read stories about racism from the perspective of those it targets than those who perpetrate it.". Tim Lieder also notes the racism but concentrates on the mechanics of the work with "there's a lot of exposition because this story is 90% exposition about how he moved to New York City because his daughter insisted. His son-in-law doesn't like him and he used to go fishing and even had a guide who knew the river"  and also notes that the University of Iowa writing style tends to emphasize character sketches without judgment.

References

Giroux, Robert. Introduction and notes. The Complete Stories. By Flannery O'Connor. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971.

Further reading

Asals, Frederick. Flannery O' Connor: The Imagination of Extremity. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1982.

Darretta, John Lawrence. "From 'The Geranium' to 'Judgement Day': Retribution in the Fiction of Flannery O'Connor." Since Flannery O'Connor: Essays on the Contemporary American Short Story. Ed. Loren Logsdon and Charles W. Mayer. Macomb: Western Illinois UP, 1987. 21–28.

Giannone, Richard. "Flannery O'Connor's Consecration of the End." Since Flannery O'Connor: Essays on the Contemporary American Short Story. Ed. Loren Logsdon and Charles W. Mayer. Macomb: Western Illinois UP, 1987. 9–20.
Gretlund, Jan Nordby. "Flannery O'Connor's 'An Exile in the East': An Introduction." South Carolina Review 11.1 (1978): 3–11.
Larsen, Val. "Manor House and Tenement: Failed Communities South and North in 'The Geranium.'" Flannery O'Connor Bulletin 20 (1991): 88–103.

Westarp, Karl-Heinz. "Flannery O'Connor's Development: An Analysis of the Judgment-Day Material." Realist of Distances: Flannery O'Connor Revisited. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus UP, 1987. 46–54.
———, comp. Flannery O'Connor: The Growing Craft. Southern Literary Ser. 4. Birmingham, AL: Summa, 1993.
Whitt, Margaret. "Letters to Corinth: Echoes from Greece to Georgia in O'Connor's 'Judgment Day.'" Literature and Belief 17.1–2 (1997): 61–74.
Wood, Ralph C. "From Fashionable Tolerance to Unfashionable Redemption: A Reading of Flannery O'Connor's First and Last Stories." Flannery O'Connor Bulletin 7 (1978): 10–25.

Wray, Virginia F. "Flannery O'Connor's Master's Thesis: Looking for Some Gestures." Flannery O'Connor Bulletin 8 (1979): 68–76.

Short stories by Flannery O'Connor
1946 short stories


Plymouth High School for Girls (PHSG) is a girls' grammar school founded in 1874. It is located on St Lawrence Road in Plymouth, Devon, England, close to Mutley Plain and Plymouth city centre.

History
In February 1874 the Devon and Cornwall Girls' School Company was formed, opening a school for girls in Sherwell House, North Hill (only a few hundred metres from the school's current location), on 14 September that year.  It was intended that the school should move to other premises and for this purpose a fund had been set up to purchase a suitable site. Land surrounding a detached property known as 'North Hill' was chosen and the first part of these new premises were opened by the bishop of Exeter, Doctor Frederick Temple, on 21 January 1878. North Hill house became the home of the headmistress, Miss Kendall. A new building was designed by a Mr Paull and erected by Messrs Blatchford of Tavistock. £3,000 was expended on the purchase of the site and a further £10,000 on the buildings.

North Hill house was demolished in 1939 for the construction of a new wing.

By the 1960s the school was using rooms in the large building next door, known as 'The Annexe'. This had previously been The South Devon and Cornwall Blind Institute, built in 1876. The Annexe is believed to be located roughly where a fort stood during the siege of Plymouth in the Civil War of the 17th century, and before that to have been the location of The Maudlyn, a leper house. In around 1976 the school took over the whole building.

Plymouth High was once a fee-paying school, at least up until the 1940s.

During World War II  an 'Emergency High School' was set up amalgamating Plymouth High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Girls and the now defunct Stoke Damerel High School for Girls with the PHSG Head Mistress, Miss Violet Turner, as its headmistress. The school was also one of the 19 food centres open in Plymouth by April 1941. The school was one of the three of these centres which served a two-course meal between noon and 2:30 pm and again between 5:30 pm and 7:30 pm for the price of 9d (nine old pence).

In recent times PHS has seen the building of the Newman Hall, the Science and PE blocks, the Metcalf building and a sixth Form centre.

Previously a community school administered by Plymouth City Council, in February 2021 Plymouth High School for Girls converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Thinking Schools Academy Trust.

The school's motto is "Non scholae sed vitae discimus", a quotation from Seneca which translates as 'For life not school we learn', and forms the refrain of the old school song.

The School's crest which features on the uniform is made up of four symbols, which are displayed equally on a shield and include:
An owl representing wisdom.
A beehive representing a busy and productive community.
An emblem of the school's initials PHS.
The coat of Arms of the City of Plymouth since 1931, which depicts four towers (the old Plymouth Castle) in a cross of St Andrew (the dedication of the mother church of Plymouth) .

Present day
Catering for pupils from year 7 (age 11) up to year 13 (age 18) PHSG is a single-sex grammar school (from ages 11 to 16) requiring pupils to pass the eleven plus exam in order to gain entry. Post 16 the school is co-ed with an increasing number of boys on roll from 2010. The school draws its pupils mainly from the city of Plymouth but about a third come from outlying areas of Devon and Cornwall.

The aim of the school is to "promote, achieve and celebrate the highest possible standards in all forms of achievement, throughout the school, and particularly in the specialist subjects: Mathematics, Science, Design Technology and Information Communication Technology". The school is also has  Training School status.

Ms Utton became headmistress in January 2008 after the departure of Mrs. Martin, the head teacher from 1999 to 2007, who in turn was preceded by Mrs Stogall. During the interim periods the school was led by Mr Holden, the deputy head teacher (now retired). The school's 6th Form has been led by Mr Callaghan since April 2008 after the retirement of the previous head of 6th Form, Mrs Caroline Enock, who had taught at the school for 25 years.

In 2011 Ofsted graded the school as 'Good' with many outstanding features. The school has also won the Bar Mock Trial.

Curriculum
Girls can choose from a wide range of subjects at GCSE level and generally take 11 or 12 subjects. In some subjects, especially able girls can choose to skip the GCSE and move straight to the AS level.

In 2009 Plymouth High School was chosen as the first state school in the city to offer the International Baccalaureate, an alternative to A Level awards.

International links
Plymouth High School gained the full International Schools Award in October 2006.  This is an award given to schools that have shown a commitment to international activities across the curriculum and have developed strong partnership with schools in other countries. PHSG has links with schools in Ghana (particularly Ahantaman Secondary School) as well as New Zealand, Germany, France, China and Russia. The school also runs an Amnesty International club for pupils.

School houses
The school has four houses:

Each house elects a house captain from the sixth form. The school houses play a large part in school life, for instance they compete in many annual  house events:
Sports day (usually taking place in the summer)
Swimming gala (also usually occurring in the summer term)
Music festival
Science festival
Drama festival
Gym and dance festival (usually taking place in the winter term)
Interhouse netball, tennis, science and hockey competitions

Junior house captains assist the house captains.

Academic standards
Plymouth High School consistently ranks as one of the top performing schools in Plymouth (and ranks well amongst schools in the rest of Devon and Cornwall) in terms of examination results. In 2011 97% of pupils achieved 5 or more A*-C grade GCSEs, including English and Mathematics.

Notable former pupils

Rebecca Lenkiewicz, the first female playwright to ever have her play performed on the main stage of the National Theatre and step daughter of the painter Robert Lenkiewicz.

 Corinna Lawrence, Olympic fencer for Team GB who reached the last 32 in the women's individual épée at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Plymouth High School for Girls has an Old Girls association with around 260 members. The association meets for a dinner in the spring and again at the school in the autumn for a buffet and AGM. The member of staff designated as the PHS link to the Old Girls is Mr Neve.

References

External links
School website.

Grammar schools in Plymouth, Devon
Girls' schools in Devon
Educational institutions established in 1874
1874 establishments in England
Academies in Plymouth, Devon
Training schools in England


Robert Huw Morgan (born 1967) is a Welsh-born organist and choral conductor. He serves as the University Organist at Stanford University's Memorial Church.

Biography
A native of Newport, Wales, Morgan received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Cambridge, where he was an organ scholar at St. John's College under George Guest. He earned doctorates in organ performance and choral conducting from the University of Washington School of Music, studying with Carole Terry and Peter Erős.

As a conductor, he has led performances of several operas (Falstaff, Hansel & Gretel and Die Fledermaus, among others), as well as large-scale choral works including Bach's St. John Passion and Mass in B minor, Mozart's Requiem and Mass in C minor, and the Vespers of Rachmaninoff and Monteverdi. He has performed the complete organ works of J.S. Bach and Dieterich Buxtehude.

In addition to his duties at the Memorial Church, he holds the positions of Lecturer in Organ and Choral Studies and Director of the Stanford University Singers. He is a fellow of the Royal College of Organists.

External links
 Stanford University Music School Bio
 Stanford University Memorial Church Bio

American classical organists
British male organists
American choral conductors
American male conductors (music)
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Stanford University Department of Music faculty
1967 births
Welsh classical organists
Living people
Welsh conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
Welsh choral conductors
Articles containing video clips
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century organists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American keyboardists
Fellows of the Royal College of Organists
Male classical organists


The St. Louis Repertory Theater is a repertory theater, based in Webster Groves, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis.  It is often referred to locally simply as "The Rep". Hana S. Sharif is the Artistic Director and Danny Williams is the Managing Director.

Programs
In 1975 The Imaginary Theater Company begins bringing The Rep's work to schools and younger audiences.

In 2005, The Rep began a new performance series, the "Off-Ramp performance series", with performances at The Grandel Theatre in Grand Center.

In 2012 The Rep created The Ignite Festival of New Plays to support its new play development work.

In 2020 The Rep was part of the Play At Home program, commissioning short plays for audiences to perform while stuck at home.

History
The Rep was Founded in 1966 and made its home at Webster University's Loretto-Hilton Center for the Performing Arts.

The first production at The Rep was two Peter Shaffer plays "The Private Ear" and "The Public Eye" presented together.

In 1970 The Rep stopped producing for a year to plan and work on its finances.  It returned to producing in 1971.

In 1986 Steven Woolf officially became the Artistic Director of the theater and Mark Bernstein joined the staff as Managing Director. In 2017 Steven Woolf announced plans to retire after running the theater for over 30 years. Hana S. Sharif took over as the Artistic Director in 2019.

In 2021 Mark Bernstein retired as Managing Director and was replaced by Danny Williams

Venues
The Rep's home at Loretto-Hilton Center is shared with the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, as well as The Conservatory of Theatre Arts at Webster University and Webster University's dance department.

In early 2007, The Rep considered moving from the Loretto-Hilton Center to an alternate venue.

Past Seasons
Notable Highlights from past seasons include:

The 50th anniversary season of shows in 2016-2017 which included: Follies, The World Premiere of Dael Orlandersmith's Until the Flood, A Christmas Carol, All My Sons, To Kill a Mockingbird and Million Dollar Quartet

External links
St. Louis Repertory Theater Official Website

See also
 Theater in the United States

References

Theatre companies in Missouri
Theatres in St. Louis
Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Missouri
1966 establishments in Missouri
Tourist attractions in St. Louis


Abraham Seidenberg (June 2, 1916 – May 3, 1988) was an American mathematician.

Early life
Seidenberg was born on June 2, 1916, to Harry and Fannie Seidenberg in Washington D.C. He graduated with a B.A. from the University of Maryland in 1937. He completed his Ph.D. in mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1943. His Ph.D. thesis, written under the direction of Oscar Zariski, was on Valuation Ideals in Rings of Polynomials in Two Variables.

Academic career
Seidenberg became an instructor in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1945. He reached the rank of full professor in 1958. He retired from Berkeley in 1987.

Contributions
Seidenberg was known for his research in commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, differential algebra, and the history of mathematics. He published Prime ideals and integral dependence written jointly with Irvin Cohen, which greatly simplified the existing proofs of the going-up and going-down theorems of ideal theory. He also made important contributions to algebraic geometry. In 1950, he published a paper called The hyperplane sections of normal varieties, which has proved fundamental in later advances. In 1968, he wrote Elements of the theory of algebraic curves, a book on algebraic geometry. He published several other important papers.

Personal life
Seidenberg married Ebe Cagli. She was a writer, and the sister of Yole Cagli, Zariski's wife. Ebe and her family immigrated to the United States from Italy. The couple frequently visited Italy and Seidenberg held a visiting professorship at the University of Milan.

Death
Seidenberg died on May 3, 1988, in Milan, Italy. At the time of his death, he was in the midst of series of lectures at the University of Milan.

References

1916 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
American historians of mathematics
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
20th-century American historians
Mathematicians from Washington, D.C.


The National Maritime Historical Society (NMHS) is a non-profit organization in America devoted to historical ship preservation and maritime education.

The society's mission is to educate Americans—and especially its youth—about maritime accomplishments throughout American history and their continued relevance for national prosperity and cultural vitality. Specifically, the NMHS educational agenda includes exploring America's maritime heritage, advocating first-hand experiences on ships, and encouraging visits to maritime museums. An active participant among maritime institutions, NMHS is a sponsor of the Maritime Heritage Conferences and serves as a member of the Council of American Maritime Museums; it was instrumental in establishing the American Society of Marine Artists, the American Ship Trust and the National Maritime Alliance.

Since 1972 the NMHS has published a quarterly magazine, Sea History, featuring articles on contemporary and historic marine art; Historic Ships on Lee Shore, which brings attention to historic ships in need, a Sea History for Kids section (profiling marine and maritime professionals) and Animals in Sea History by Richard J. King. Since 2004, the magazine has also included a regular column by Peter McCracken (founder of Serials Solutions and ShipIndex.org), called 'Maritime History on the Internet.'

The NMHS holds two annual gala awards dinners, and gives their Distinguished Service Award to important people in the maritime field. One of the dinners is in Washington DC. From 2018 it has been held at the Mayflower Hotel.   In former years it took place at the National Press Club.  The other annual awards dinner is held at the New York Yacht Club in Manhattan.

References

External links
 National Maritime Historical Society

Maritime history of the United States
Historical societies of the United States
Historical societies in New York (state)


This is a list of trolleybus systems in France by region.  It includes all trolleybus systems, past and present. Bold text indicates a system that is still operating.

Alsace

Aquitaine

Burgundy

Brittany

Centre-Val de Loire

Upper Normandy

Île-de-France

Languedoc-Roussillon

Limousin

Lorraine

Midi-Pyrénées

Pays de la Loire

Picardy

Poitou-Charentes

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Rhône-Alpes

Note: The TVR, or GLT, system in Caen and the Translohr system in Clermont-Ferrand are not listed, as they not commonly considered to be trolleybus systems, since their vehicles use pantographs to collect current and therefore are not able to operate away from the surface guideway while remaining in electric mode.  The GLT vehicles in Nancy, by comparison, are able to do so, as they use trolley poles to collect current, so the Nancy system is considered to be a trolleybus system.

See also

 List of trolleybus systems, for all other countries
 List of town tramway systems in France
 List of light-rail transit systems
 List of rapid transit systems
 Trolleybus usage by country

Notes

Sources

Books and periodicals
 Bruce, Ashley. Lombard-Gerin and Inventing the Trolleybus Trolleybooks, 2017, .
 Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Trolleybooks.  .
 Trolleybus Magazine, various issues. National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly. ISSN 0266-7452.

References

Further reading
 De Coster, Roland; Hamal, Thierry; and Stas, Dominique (eds.) (1997). TRAM 2000 - Flash 1997: France. Brussels, Belgium: TRAM 2000 asbl.

External links

France

Public transport in France
Trolleybus


St. Philip's Church in the Highlands is an Episcopal church located on New York State Route 9D in the hamlet of Garrison, New York, United States, within the town of Philipstown in the Hudson Highlands. It is a stone Gothic Revival building designed by Richard Upjohn, a congregant of the church, opened in 1865.

The church itself has a long and complex history, dating back to colonial times. Its development has paralleled and sometimes spurred that of the Garrison community itself, and it was accepted for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. However, the church itself objected, and it was not formally added to the Register until 1995.

History

Colonial era and Revolution
The church was originally established ca. 1770 when St. Peter's Church in Peekskill was granted charter by King George III. The wardens, Beverley Robinson and Charles Moore, decided to establish a parish to the north, in the area known as Four Corners, to serve families in that area. After a short period in another church and a parishioner's home, a small wooden chapel was built where the present church stands. The current graveyard was also started at the same time. The new complex was possibly named St. Philip's in honor of the Philipse family, original patentees of the area and Robinson's in-laws.

The Rev. John Doty, the first rector of both churches, left for Nova Scotia after a few years as he was a staunch Loyalist in an area increasingly divided over revolutionary politics. Robinson, too, declined an invitation from his friend John Jay to swear allegiance to the newly created United States, and actively worked to support the British by organizing the Loyal American Legion and coordinating intelligence-gathering efforts. His lands and home were eventually confiscated by the new government of New York, and he left for England after the war, never to return.

A similar fate would befall half of St. Philip's families, and the church was so despised locally for its Tory associations that legend has it a mob came together to burn it down at one point during the later years. They were supposedly dissuaded from doing so by George Washington himself, who stood at the door and said "That, sir, is my church!" In gratitude the stained glass window in the church's vestibule depicts him.

Post-Revolution
For the first few years of American independence, the church lay vacant as it and the community began to rebuild. In 1786 William Denning, who had taken over from Robinson as both landowner and warden, had the altar and interior refurbished. Six years later the parish received its first new minister, the Rev. Andrew Fowler, who himself left after a few years to help establish the Episcopal Church in South Carolina.

Garrison Union Free School, erected for local families in the 1830s, still stands and has been moved across Route 9D. The church was rebuilt in 1837. In 1840, with Garrison and the church itself becoming populous enough to rival Peekskill and St. Peter's, the parish was separately incorporated. A board and batten rectory was built in 1854.

New building
A new pastor, the Rev. Charles Frederick Hoffman, arrived in May 1860. The completion of the Hudson River Railroad through nearby Garrison Landing had made the community more accessible to New York City and a desirable place to live for some of the most socially prominent families of the day, many of whom were congregants. Hoffman saw that the growing church needed a new building.

His congregation responded. Henry Belcher donated three acres (1.2 ha) for the building and grounds, and others raised $10,000 for its construction. The design came from another worshipper at St. Philip's, Richard Upjohn, already famous for Manhattan's Trinity Church. The new structure, a one-story Gothic Revival building of gray granite, was finished in 1861 and consecrated the next year.

In the decades afterwards, a carriage house and shed were built near the church. At the turn of the century, a parish house was built to the designs of George E. Harney and William S. Purdy, former residents of Cold Spring and architectural partners.

20th century
The early years of the 20th century would be marked by a bitter controversy within the church when a chapel established to the east of the mountains inland became first the site of a monastery and then home to the Graymoor Friars, who left Anglicanism for the Roman Catholic Church in 1909. St. Philip's insisted it retained title to the land (now at the junction of US Route 9, NY Route 403 and the Appalachian Trail) and it took an act of the state legislature to settle the dispute in favor of the friars. The animosity lingered for many years.

The year before the Friars left, St. Philip's had received a new rector, the Rev. Edward Clowes Chorley. He wrote a two-volume history of St. Philip's and other churches and would, years later, serve as editor-in-chief of Anglican & Episcopal History. While in Garrison he oversaw the installation of electricity and gas lighting in the building and the introduction of a boys' choir. Outside the church, Chorley oversaw the replacement of the original rectory in 1911, and then a sexton's house six years later. All are today considered contributing properties to the National Register listing. During this time, he also helped to found Garrison's volunteer fire department.

A kindergarten was later established at the church until it was moved into the expanded school facilities in the 1960s, when the nursery school program was established. William Reisman, who began a 27-year tenure as rector that same year, modernized and redecorated many of the buildings, adding protective covers for the stained-glass windows. He also began adult education classes at the church and updated Chorley's history to the 1970s.

Under his successor, Francis Geer, the church installed a new pipe organ and replaced the roof and interior floor of the parish house, used as a meeting for many of Garrison's community groups. A memorial garden was built north of it, to serve as a greeting area after services.

References

External links
Church website

Episcopal church buildings in New York (state)
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Religious organizations established in 1840
Churches completed in 1861
Richard Upjohn church buildings
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Churches in Putnam County, New York
1840 establishments in New York (state)
1770 establishments in the Province of New York
National Register of Historic Places in Putnam County, New York


Raffles Hotel is located at the corner of Canning Highway and Canning Beach Road in the Perth, Western Australia suburb of Applecross, Western Australia.  It is a two-storey hotel designed in the Inter-War Functionalist style and is one of the few examples of a hotel in this style surviving in the Perth metropolitan area.  Earlier named the Canning Bridge Hotel, it has operated continuously as a licensed hotel since at least 1896. For over 50 years until 2002, it was owned by Australian nightclub owner and property developer Abe Saffron, whose plan to demolish the hotel was successfully opposed by the Art Deco Society of Western Australia in a ten-year campaign.

History
The location of Canning Bridge on the road from Fremantle to Perth and Guildford made it a suitable location for accommodation and refreshments. In January 1850 the first Canning Bridge was constructed and soon after, on 4 May, a liquor licence was granted to a Samuel Duffield, owner of the Bridge Inn of Canning. It is not known where that inn was located but it was possibly a predecessor of the 1896 Canning Bridge Hotel, near the bridge on its western (Applecross) side—which was remodelled in 1937 as the present Raffles Hotel.

The Canning Bridge Hotel was a single-storey structure with a high, gabled roof. Beside it stood a pavilion with a dance hall on the upper floor and refreshment rooms below. The hotel provided a venue for many social and sporting groups such as the W.A. Hunt Club. The hotel was also used by the East Fremantle District Road Board for its first council meeting on 22 March 1901.

This building was extensively upgraded in 1937, with a distinctive Art Deco facade designed by architect William G. Bennett, to coincide with the construction of the current bridge and the upgrading of Canning Highway. The building was renamed the Raffles Hotel after the renowned Raffles Hotel in Singapore. The facade, and in particular the nature and placement of the forward extension of the hotel, reveals a conscious effort on the part of the architect to respect the importance of the newly constructed Applecross District Hall to the community and its streetscape value.

William Bennett had been a partner in the firm Eales Cohen & Bennett, which was responsible for the Applecross District Hall. He left the firm in 1935. Other significant works by Bennett include the Plaza Theatre and Arcade in central Perth (1936–7), the Kalgoorlie Olympic Pool (1938), the Chalet at Araluen and other structures (1937), and the Beaucott Buildings (c.1937) in Beaufort Street.

The hotel was reconstructed at a cost of approximately 10,000 pounds. One of its features was a biergarten, which is believed to be the first of its kind in Australia. The garden was situated on the northern boundary of the hotel property.

Raffles Hotel reveals the new design aesthetic then in vogue of streamlined functional forms with an emphasis on horizontal lines admirably suited to the site. Its design took good advantage of the riverside location. The main feature is the large curved loggias on both floors provided on the river frontage. From there, extensive views of the Swan and Canning Rivers are available. The exterior of the hotel was described as rendered in cream cement with sunk rustication emphasising the horizontal lines on the main building. The pitched roof over the first-storey section was covered in colour-blend tiles, and green-painted circular steps led to the entrances of the hotel from the Canning Highway frontage.

Apart from its status as "the epitome" of Perth's social scene in the 1940s and 1950s, the Raffles later became noted for its animated neon billboards advertising beer. In 1959 a separate motor lodge, consisting of a double-storey building of twenty rooms, was constructed at the rear of the main hotel building. According to the local press this new development met a public demand for motels offering service to the family man. Other changes to the hotel were made in 1985, when apparently a fire caused damage to the first floor which required a new metal-deck roof to replace the former pitched tiled roof.  A nightclub, The Raffs, was also constructed on the eastern (river) side of the building, and a drive-in bottle shop built on the Canning Bridge Road frontage.  During the 1970s and 1980s the Raffles was notable for its live music, attracting the most popular local and interstate acts.

The Raffles Hotel was the favourite pub of AC/DC singer Bon Scott.

Current uses
In 2002, the site was sold to the construction company Multiplex, which proceeded to redevelop the site into a 17-storey apartment tower. As part of the planning permissions, the Art Deco 1939 building was retained and renovated.

Heritage value
The hotel was listed in the City of Melville's Municipal Heritage Inventory (which was adopted 19 December 1994) and classified by the National Trust of Western Australia on 3 July 1995.  It received an interim listing on the State Register of Heritage Places on 16 March 2001, was nominated for the Register of the National Estate on 28 September 2001, and received a permanent registration on the State Register on 22 January 2002.

References

Further reading

Landmarks in Perth, Western Australia
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Melville
Hotel buildings completed in 1896
Streamline Moderne architecture in Australia
Art Deco architecture in Western Australia
Pubs in Perth, Western Australia
Applecross, Western Australia


Edward Cowan may refer to:
 Ed Cowan (born 1982), Australian Test cricketer
 Edward J. Cowan, Scottish historian
 Ted Cowan, British comic book writer


Basophilia is the condition of having greater than 200 basophils/μL in the venous blood. Basophils are the least numerous of the myelogenous cells, and it is rare for their numbers to be abnormally high without changes to other blood components. Rather, basophilia is most often coupled with other white blood cell conditions such as eosinophilia, high levels of eosinophils in the blood. Basophils are easily identifiable by a blue coloration of the granules within each cell, marking them as granulocytes, in addition to segmented nuclei.

Causes
Basophilia can be attributed to many causes and is typically not sufficient evidence alone to signify a specific condition when isolated as a finding under microscopic examination. Coupled with other findings, such as abnormal levels of neutrophils, it may suggest the need for additional workup. As an example, additional evidence of left-shifted neutrophilia alongside basophilia indicates a potential likelihood primarily of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), or an alternate myeloproliferative neoplasm.  Additionally, basophilia in the presence of numerous circulating blasts suggests the possibility of acute myeloid leukemia. Elevation of basophils may also be representative of multiple other underlying neoplasms such as polycythemia vera (PV), myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, or, in rare cases, solid tumors. Alternative root causes other than these neoplasmic complications are most commonly allergic reactions or chronic inflammation related to infections such as tuberculosis, influenza, inflammatory bowel disorder, or an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Chronic hemolytic anemia and infectious diseases such as smallpox also demonstrate elevated basophil levels. Certain drug usage and food ingestion can also correlate with symptoms of basophilia.

Diagnosis
Basophilia can be detected through a complete blood count (CBC). The root cause of basophilia can be determined through a bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing to look for genetic mutations, or ultrasound to determine enlargement of the spleen. A bone marrow aspirate may be used to confirm an increase in basophils or significantly high numbers of precursors to the granulocytes. Since basophilia is present in a vast range of clinical conditions, depending on a variety of underlying causes, supplemental signs and symptoms must be investigated for a diagnosis. If splenomegaly is detected, a myeloproliferative syndrome may be suspected. Intrinsically related symptoms such as fever, malaise, pruritus (itching) due to the release of histamine, fatigue, and right upper quadrant pain may be present in the afflicted patient. With some conditions, such as polycythemia vera, erythromelalgia, or burning of the palms and soles, coupled with thrombocytosis is common. This severe symptomatology may require urgent attention.  If basophilia and the aforementioned symptoms are present with concurrent eosinophilia greater than 1500 cells/μL, hypereosinophilic syndrome may be considered. In cases of underlying allergic reactions or adverse sensitivity, skin rashes may be present.

After symptomatic evaluation, a peripheral blood smear is examined to determine cell counts.In cases of a supposed myeloid neoplasm, a bone marrow biopsy will be performed using cytogenetic analysis. This type of testing uses the karyotypes of chromosomes for each type of leukocyte and looks for a significant abnormality in any of the conventional karyotypes which could support the diagnosis of a neoplastic process. Basophilia on its own does not cause much complication other than those related to the primary causative condition. However, basophils can degranulate causing tissue damage, but this can be avoided with early detection and intervention.

Treatment
Basophilia, as it is primarily a secondary condition, is treated by addressing the causative disease or disorder. The underlying condition will determine what treatment is appropriate. Specifically in cases of allergic reactions or associated with chronic inflammation, treating the underlying cause is critical to avoid further, potentially irreparable damage to the body's organ systems. Common treatments to allergic reactions include cessation of use of the offending agent, and the administration of antihistamines. Infection-related basophilia can be remedied by using antibiotics to treat the underlying causative infection, whereas neoplasm related basophilia may have a more complicated clinical course including chemotherapy and periodic phlebotomy.

References

External links

Cell biology
Granulocytes
Human cells
Monocyte and granulocyte disorders


Erigeron utahensis is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Utah fleabane.

Erigeron utahensis is native to the western United States in Arizona, Utah, western Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern California (Providence Mountains inside Mojave National Preserve in San Bernardino County).

Erigeron utahensis  is a perennial herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, growing from a stout taproot and a branching underground caudex. Its branching stem and leaves are covered in whitish hairs. The inflorescence holds 1-5 flower heads, each 1-2 centimeters (0.4-0.8 inches) wide. They have yellow disc florets in the centers and 28–40 white, pink, lavender, or ray florets around the edges.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
United States Department of AgriculturePlants Profile
Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas
United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Arches National Park, Utah Daisy, Erigeron utahensis

utahensis
Flora of the Western United States
Plants described in 1880
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


John Augustus Barron (July 11, 1850 in Toronto, Canada West – January 8, 1936 in Stratford, Ontario) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1887 as Member of the Liberal Party in the riding of Victoria North. He was re-elected in 1891 but unseated by petition and lost in the riding by-election on February 11, 1892. Prior to his federal experience, he was reeve of Lindsay, Ontario for eight years. He also participated in the Fenian Raids between 1866 and 1871. He also authored numerous books.

In 1897, Barron was appointed judge of Perth County and served as county judge until his retirement in 1925. Barron died in Stratford, Ontario. He is buried at Avondale Cemetery in Stratford.

The geography Township of Barron in Nipissing District was named after him, which in turn gave its name to the Barron River.

Ice hockey pioneer

John Barron was one of the early pioneering forces regarding organized competitive ice hockey in Canada. While in Ottawa he was a member of the Rideau Hall Rebels ice hockey team (alongside James Creighton and Lord Frederick Stanleys two sons Arthur and Edward) which toured western Ontario and played exhibition games in order to stimulate interest in the game.

Between 1890 and 1891, during the first two years of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), Barron acted as a vice-president of the league. When the OHA was founded on November 27, 1890, at Queen's Hotel in Toronto Barron was chairman of the meeting.

John Barron's son Frederic "Fritz" Barron died while playing a game of ice hockey at the Auditorium Rink in Winnipeg with his Dominion Bank team on February 1, 1901. He was 22 years old. Fritz Barron, who was said to have had a weak heart, was allegedly hit by a puck in the solar plexus region and died not long after. His physician claimed cause of death was due to his weak heart condition coupled with too vigorous participation in the game.

Electoral record

References

General

External links

1850 births
1936 deaths
Ice hockey executives
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Ontario Hockey Association executives
Politicians from Toronto


There have been several Israeli disengagement plans:
 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, a 2005 unilateral disengagement and pull-out on the part of Israel from the Gaza Strip
 Sinai Disengagement Agreements, disengagement plans between Egypt and Israel over the Sinai Peninsula from the mid-1970s
 Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria, disengagement plan between Syria and Israel over the Golan Heights
 Jordan's disengagement from the West Bank, Jordan's disengagement from Israel and the West Bank in 1988 over the West Bank


This is a list of trolleybus systems in Italy by Regione.  It includes all trolleybus systems, past and present.

Italian peninsula

Abruzzo

Campania

Emilia-Romagna

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Lazio

Liguria

Lombardy

Military line:

Marche

Piedmont

Apulia

Tuscany

Umbria

Aosta Valley

Veneto

Military lines:

Sardinia

Sicily

See also

 List of trolleybus systems, for all other countries
 Trolleybus usage by country
 List of town tramway systems in Italy
 List of light-rail transit systems
 List of rapid transit systems

Sources

Books and periodicals
 Bruce, Ashley R. Lombard-Gerin and Inventing the Trolleybus. (2017) Trolleybooks (UK).
 Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia (). Reading, Berkshire, UK: Trolleybooks.
 Gregoris, Paolo; Rizzoli, Francesco; & Serra, Claudio (2003). Giro d'Italia in filobus (). Cortona: Editore Calosci.
 Peschkes, Robert (1993). World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus and Rapid Transit Systems, Part Three: Europe (). London: Rapid Transit Publications.
 Trolleybus Magazine (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly.

References

External links

Italy


The 2008 Hawaii Republican presidential caucuses were held between January 25 and February 5, 2008.  The caucuses chose delegates to Hawaii's Republican State Convention in May 2008, which overwhelmingly lent its support to presidential candidate John McCain.

Process
The Hawaii Republican Party held its caucuses in all 51 Hawaii House of Representatives districts from January 25 to February 5.  Caucus-goers selected 1,093 delegates to the Hawaii State Convention, held between May 16 and 18. These 1,093 delegates selected 19 delegates to the 2008 Republican National Convention.

Republican caucuses in Hawaii tend to be informal, taking place in parks, businesses, and homes over the course of several days. The Republican caucuses in Hawaii were closed to non-party members.  None of the local delegates chosen at the caucus were committed to any candidate at the state convention.  They were, however, bound to the preferences stated in the state convention in the first ballot. For this reason, Hawaiian Republican caucusgoers normally vote for convention delegates based on the delegates' personal records rather than their pledged support for a presidential candidate.  However, most contenders provided slates of qualified delegates for caucusgoers to vote on.

State convention
Unlike most Republican caucuses, no straw poll or presidential preference poll was taken of the attendees. Thus, no official record was provided of Hawaiian caucusgoers' preferences for President.  Hawaii's delegation to the national convention, which selected the President, was chosen only at the state convention, held in Honolulu between May 16 and 18.

The convention chose seventeen national convention delegates and seventeen alternates, all of them supporters of John McCain, already the presumptive Republican nominee for President for some weeks before the state convention.  Over 450 delegates from all of Hawaii's electoral districts attended the convention.  They elected state committee members and chose a party platform as well as delegates to the Republican National Convention.  All in all, over 600 Republicans were at the state convention.

See also
 Hawaii Democratic caucuses, 2008
 Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008

References

2008 United States Republican presidential primaries by state
Republican caucuses
2008


This is a list of trolleybus systems in Russia.  It includes all trolleybus systems, past and present.

List of trolleybus systems

Central Federal District

Far Eastern Federal District

Northwestern Federal District

Siberian Federal District

Southern Federal District

Urals Federal District

Volga Federal District

See also
 List of trolleybus systems, for all other countries
 List of town tramway systems in Russia
 List of light-rail transit systems
 List of rapid transit systems
 Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries
 Trolleybus usage by country

Sources

Books and periodicals
 Murray, Alan. 2000. "World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia" (). Reading, Berkshire, UK: Trolleybooks.
 Peschkes, Robert. 1987. "World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus and Rapid Transit Systems, Part Two: Asia & USSR /Africa/Australia" (). London: Rapid Transit Publications.
 "Straßenbahnatlas ehem. Sowjetunion / Tramway Atlas of the former USSR" (). 1996. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
 Tarkhov, Sergei. 2000. "Empire of the Trolleybus: Vol 1 - Russia" (). London: Rapid Transit Publications.
 Trolleybus Magazine (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly.

References

External links

 World Tram and Trolleybus Systems (photos and maps of some systems, in English and Russian)

Russia

Public transport in Russia