Allogny () is a commune in the Cher department of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated some  north of Bourges, at the junction of the D944 with the D56 and D20 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St.Sulpice, dating from the thirteenth century.
 The seventeenth century manorhouse at Beauchêne.
 A feudal motte.
 The war memorial.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Link to a photo of the war memorial

Communes of Cher (department)


Shakoor v. Situ (t/a Eternal Health Co) [2000] 4 All ER 181; [2001] 1 W.L.R. 410; (2001) 57 B.M.L.R. 178; Independent, May 25, 2000; is a first instance case in English tort law on the standard of care appropriate for an alternative medicine practitioner. Its controversial ruling elaborates on the "responsible body of medical men" test from Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee.

Facts
Mr Abdul Shakoor went to a Nottingham-based Chinese herbalist, which traded as the "Eternal Health Co." Mr Kang Situ, who ran the herbalist had trained for five years in China, gaining both a traditional "medicine" and "modern" medical qualifications. His grade was "excellent". He had no British professional medical qualifications. In November 1994, Mr Situ prescribed a course of Chinese herbal remedies for Mr Shakoor's benign lipomata, a skin condition, which produces fatty tissue that lies just below the skin, but causes no risk to health. There is no treatment in the UK, except surgical removal. Mr Shakoor was given a mix of twelve herbs in ten sachets which were to be taken on alternate days after a meal. After nine doses Mr Shakoor got ill, nauseous, his eyes went yellow and he suffered heartburn. He vomited, and had abdominal pain. He went to hospital, and was diagnosed as having "probably hepatitis A". His liver failed, he had hepatic necrosis. He had an operation, but he died in January 1995. In the post-mortem, his liver was found to contain Bai Xian Pi, or dictamnus dasycarpus, which some evidence suggested could be hepatotoxic.

Judgment
Bernard Livesey QC found that there was no way to establish that the herbs could be known to contain toxic substances. Yet on the balance of probabilities, the herbal concoction was the cause of death. It was held that Mr Shakoor had an "idiosyncratic" reaction, a rare and unlucky allergic response to the herbal mix. He noted,

"unlike some alternative therapies, TCHM has a long and distinguished history; it has an oral tradition extending back some 4,000 years or more and a written tradition extending back some 2,000 years. It is practised alongside modern medicine in China and accordingly, I am told, a larger proportion of the world's population is treated by it than is treated by modern or western medicine. However, I learned little during the course of this trial as to the extent of current teaching, research, monitoring and verification of its practices in China or elsewhere."

He considered the argument that an herbalist should be held to the same standard as a normal NHS doctor, but disagreed.

"The Chinese herbalist, for example, does not hold himself out as a practitioner of orthodox medicine. More particularly, the patient has usually had the choice of going to an orthodox practitioner but has rejected him in favour of the alternative practitioner for reasons personal and best known to himself and almost certainly at some personal financial cost. Those reasons may include a passionate belief in the superiority of the alternative therapy or a fear of surgery or of reliance (perhaps dependence) on orthodox chemical medications which may have known undesirable side effects either short- or long-term or both.

So long, said Livesey QC, as the herbalist complies with the UK's laws, does not prescribe prohibited or regulated substances under the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933, the Medicines Act 1968 or the Abortion Act 1967, so long as the herbalist takes steps to keep abreast of pertinent information in the "orthodox" medical journals, it is appropriate to hold his standard of care to that of what a reasonable herbalist would do. In this case the prescription had not been inappropriate for a reasonable herbalist, and accordingly Mr Situ of the Eternal Health Co. was not liable for the death of Mr Shakoor.

See also
English tort law

Notes

English tort case law
2000 in England
2000 in United Kingdom case law


Annoix () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and a hamlet situated by the banks of the river Auron some  southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D119, D953 and the D2076 roads.

Population

Sights
The church of St.Pierre, dating from the twelfth century and restored between 1837 and 1840.
The remains of a Roman aqueduct.
An old watermill.
The Château Gaillard.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Arcomps () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising a small village and several hamlets situated some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D138 with the D70 and the D951 roads. The commune is the source of several small tributaries of the Cher.

Population

Places of interest
 The old church of St Martin, now a farm building, dating from the twelfth century.
 The present-day church, dating from the nineteenth century.
 Touratte castle, dating from the thirteenth century.
 An ancient stone cross.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Ardenais () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated on the left bank of the river Arnon, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D38 with the D951 road.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Sulpice, dating from the nineteenth century.
 A building, with a tower, dating from the fifteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Argent-sur-Sauldre (, literally Argent on Sauldre) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, streams, forestry and farming comprising the village and a couple of hamlets, situated in the valley of  the river Sauldre, some  north of Bourges at the junction of the D8, D940, D948 and the D24 roads.
The commune is on the border with the département of Loiret.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St. André, dating from the 13th century.
 The 15th-century château of Saint-Maur, rebuilt between 1776 and 1778 by architect Victor Louis.
 A watermill.
 A museum at the chateau.

Personalities
Théophile Moreux, astronomer, was born here on November 20, 1867.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)
Berry, France


Argenvières () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and a hamlet situated by the banks of the river Loire and on the Canal latéral à la Loire, some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D45 with the D53 road.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Martin, dating from the seventeenth century.
 The château les Rauches, dating from the fourteenth century.
 The château la Charnaye, dating from the sixteenth century.

See also
 Communes of the Cher department
 Pierre Cotignon de la Charnaye

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Aubinges () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and three hamlets is situated by the banks of the river Colin, some  northeast of Bourges, near the junction of the D133 with the D12 and the D46 roads.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Marcel, dating from the nineteenth century.
 Two chateaux, de Breton and de Lusson
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Augy-sur-Aubois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the river Aubois and the disused Canal de Berry some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D34 with the D941 road.

Population

Places of interest
 The church, dating from the twelfth century.
 The château de Vesvre.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Bannegon () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the river Auron and the disused Canal de Berry some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D110 with the D41 and D74 roads.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Sulpice, dating from the thirteenth century.
 The twelfth-century castle of Bannegon.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Luiz Pacheco Drummond (14 February 1940 — 1 July 2020), nicknamed Luizinho Drummond, was an illegal lottery operator (bicheiro) and the patron of samba school Imperatriz Leopoldinense. He was the president of the Independent League of Samba Schools of Rio de Janeiro (LIESA) from 1998 to 2001. He was born and died in Rio de Janeiro.

Bicheiro
Drummond controlled the illegal but popular private lottery system known as the Jogo do Bicho, or "animal game", in the Leopoldina area of Rio de Janeiro. The operators are known as contraventores (those that flout the law), bicheiros or banqueiros ("bankers").

Drummond was found guilty by judge Denise Frossard in 1993 of involvement in the Jogo do Bicho, along with 13 other bicho bankers such as Castor de Andrade, Capitão Guimarães and Anísio Abraão David. They were found responsible for at least 53 deaths. They were sentenced to six years each, the maximum sentence for racketeering. But in December 1996, they were all back on the streets, granted parole or clemency.

In 2002, he became the vice-president of Botafogo soccer club. Luizinho Drummond was president of Imperatriz Leopoldinense since 2007. Before, he had already held the position twice (1976-1983 and 1986-1992).

Charged with murder
In 1999, Drummond was charged with the murder of the gambling racketeer, Abílio Português in 1998, but the timing of his arrest appeared aimed at sending a message to mob leaders involved in the Rio Carnival. Police said Drummond and his alleged victim had clashed in a territorial dispute over the control of the Jogo do Bicho.

On 13 March 2006 the Federal Police arrested Luizinho’s son Luiz Antônio Drummond in Belém, in the state Pará in the northeast of Brazil, in an operation against illegal gambling with slot machines, known in Brazil as "nickel hunters" (caça-níqueis). The arrest indicated the national expansion of the Rio Bicheiros.

He died on 1 July 2020, in the Hospital Copa Star in Rio de Janeiro after suffering a stroke the day before.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Bicheiros
Rio Carnival
Brazilian prisoners and detainees
People from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Prisoners and detainees of Brazil
People charged with murder


The Maritime Football League (MFL) is a men's Canadian football minor league in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The season runs from April until the end of June. The league consists of former CFL, U Sports, and high school football players.

Teams in 2023
Moncton Mustangs
Saint John Wanderers
Island Mariners
Nova Scotia Buccaneers
Valley Razors
Fredericton Fleet
Halifax Heat

Defunct teams
Capital Area Gladiators
Halifax Shockers
Moncton Marshals
Saint John Longhorns (Merged with Wanderers)
Super City Mean Green
UNBSJ Wolves (Joined AFL)
Dartmouth Knights
PEI Privateers (Became the Island Mariners in 2017)
Southern NB Ducks (Became the Valley Razors in 2022)
Halifax Harbour Hawks (Dissolved in the 2023 preseason)

Maritime Bowl Champions

I 2002 Halifax Shockers 21 Saint John Wanderers 19 (Hampton, N.B.)
II 2003 Saint John Wanderers  50 Halifax Shockers 12 (Halifax, N.S.)
III 2004 Moncton Marshals  30 Halifax Shockers 3 (Moncton, N.B.)
IV 2005 Saint John Wanderers  28 Dartmouth Knights 18 (Halifax, N.S.)
V 2006 Saint John Wanderers  52 Dartmouth Knights 26 (Saint John, N.B.)
VI 2007 Riverview Mustangs  23 Halifax Shockers 0 (Riverview, N.B.)
VII 2008 Riverview Mustangs  21 Saint John Wanderers 13 (Riverview, N.B.)
VIII 2009 Riverview Mustangs    16 Halifax Shockers 7 (Riverview, N.B.)
IX 2010 Moncton Mustangs 29 Dartmouth Knights 10 (Moncton, N.B.)
XI 2012 Halifax Shockers  45 Saint John Wanderers 6
XII 2013 Saint John Wanderers  39 Halifax Shockers 20
XIII 2014 Saint John Wanderers  48 Capital Area Gladiators 7
XIV 2015 Saint John Wanderers  36 Halifax Buccaneers 29
XV 2016  Saint John Wanderers  47 Moncton Mustangs 21
XVI 2017  Moncton Mustangs  43 Saint John Wanderers 23
XVII 2018 Saint John Wanderers 42 Moncton Mustangs 23
XVIII 2019  Moncton Mustangs  34 Saint John Wanderers 27
XIX 2021  Moncton Mustangs  26 Fredericton Fleet 14
XX 2022  Moncton Mustangs  54 Saint John Wanderers 20
XXI 2023 Nova Scotia Buccaneers 29 Moncton Mustangs 28

Mariner Bowl Champions (Tier 2 Playoff Bowl)
I 2007 Dartmouth Knights 20 Saint John Longhorns 15 (Saint John, N.B.)
II 2008 Capital Area Gladiators 42 Saint John Longhorns 33 (Saint John, N.B.)
III 2009 Dartmouth Knights 41 P. E. I.  Privateers 14 (Dartmouth, N.S.)
Ended in 2010.

References

External links
Maritime Football League
Capital Area "DQ" Gladiators Football Club
Dartmouth Knights
Halifax Shockers
PEI Privateers
Mustang Football
Saint John Longhorns
Saint John Wanderers

2
Sport in the Maritimes


Barlieu () is a commune in the Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

History
In 1136, a papal bull mentioned the church at Barlieu as "Ecclesiam de Barlocco. The parish church, dedicated to Saint Germain, was initially appointed to the abbot of Saint-Satur and a priory, called the "chaplaincy Barlieu", was built here.
As an old fortified place with a public square, the village belonged to the house of Sancerre in 1152. In 1190, before his departure for the Crusades, Count Stephen I, Count of Sancerre, gave the residents "the customs of Lorris", which allowed them to hold markets and fairs. At the beginning of the fifteenth century, the lordship of Barlieu was sold to Martin of Charpaigne Gouge, bishop of Clermont and Chancellor to the Duke of Berry. Later, Jacques de Montmorin inherited the place and sold it to Jacques Coeur in 1448 for the sum of two thousand gold crowns. In 1458, following Coeur’s downfall, the seigneury of Barlieu was purchased by John V of Bueil, Count of Sancerre. The land remained in the hands of the Bueil family until 1628, when it was acquired by Henry II de Bourbon, prince de Condé, the governor of Berry. The last seigneur was Louise-Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé, Countess of Sancerre, who died in 1775.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and two hamlets situated by the banks of the river Sauldre, some  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D57 with the D21, D8 and the D95 roads.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St. Germain, dating from the twelfth century.
 A watermill.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Beddes () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small village and a hamlet situated by the banks of the tiny river Charasse, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D70 with the D128 roads. The commune shares a border with the department of Indre.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
 A watermill

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Beffes () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming and forestry village with a little light industry situated by the banks of the river Loire, some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D45 and the D51 roads. The canal latéral à la Loire flows through the centre of the commune.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Catherine, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The chateau, dating from the fifteenth century.
 Vestiges of Roman occupation.
 A feudal motte at LeFort.
 A restored washhouse.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official website of Beffes

Communes of Cher (department)


Belleville-sur-Loire (, literally Belleville on Loire) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming village with a nuclear power station situated by the banks of the river Loire, some  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D82, D951 and the D751 roads. The canal latéral à la Loire flows through the centre of the commune.

Population

Sights

 The church, dating from the twelfth century.
 Two chateaux, dating from the 15th and seventeenth century.
 Vestiges of Roman occupation.
 The nuclear power plant.

See also
Belleville Nuclear Power Plant
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official website of Belleville sur Loire
Val de Jazz Festival website

Communes of Cher (department)
Berry, France


Bengy-sur-Craon is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and three hamlets situated by the banks of the river Craon, some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D976 with the D102 and D10e roads. The commune is served by a TER railway link to Bourges.

The river Airain forms part of the commune's southeastern border.

Population

Sights
 The oldest parts of the church of St.Pierre, the choir, dates from the twelfth century. The west door is 13th century. The two-storey bell tower, possibly inspired by an earlier form, is modern. It has been listed since 1913 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
 Roman remains, including a mosaic.
 A barn at Champ des Vignes, built 1731, is typical of the region. It has been listed since 1989 as a monument historique.
 The medieval site at Bouchetin.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Communes of Cher (department)


Berry-Bouy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the Yèvre river valley, some  northwest of Bourges at the junction of the D160 with the N76 and the D60 roads.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St. Hilaire, dating from the nineteenth century.
The abandoned church of St.Pantaléon at Bouy.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Bessais-le-Fromental () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the river Auron, some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D175, D110 and the D951 roads. The commune shares its southern border with the department of Allier.

Population

Sights
 The church of St.Martin, dating from the eleventh century.
 A watermill.
 Traces of the ancient château de Lalan.
 Ruins of the medieval town of Venou.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Llama Trekking

Communes of Cher (department)


Jerome Trevor Edmond (born September 28, 1969) is an American actor appearing in film and television.

Early life
Edmond was born Jerome Trevor Edmond in Encino, California.

Career
Edmond has made appearances in Beverly Hills, 90210, CBS Schoolbreak Special, ABC Afterschool Special, Dead at 21, The Good Life, Silk Stalkings, Matlock, and Alien Nation. Edmond also appeared in the films Meatballs 4 (1992), Return of the Living Dead 3 (1993), Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994), Higher Learning (1995) and Lord of Illusions (1995).

Edmond was featured in the Return of the Living Dead documentary, More Brains! The Return to the Living Dead, released in October 2011.

Filmography

Film

Television

External links

1969 births
Living people
Male actors from California
American male film actors
American male television actors
People from Encino, Los Angeles


Neuvic or Neuvic-sur-l'Isle (; Limousin: Nuòuvic) is a commune in the southwestern French department of Dordogne. Neuvic station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux, Brive-la-Gaillarde and Limoges.

Population

Sights
Parc botanique de Neuvic

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Blancafort () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A forestry and farming village situated in the valley of the river Sauldre, some  north of Bourges at the junction of the D8, D30 and the D39 roads. The commune has a border with the department of Loiret. A canal was built here in the nineteenth century to ease drainage and provide transport links. The canal de Sauldre was last used commercially in the 1920s.

Population

Sights

 The church of St. Andre, dating from the eleventh century.
 The twelfth-century chapel.
 The fifteenth-century chateau of Blancafort.
 The twelfth-century chateau de l'Hospital-du-Fresne.
 A museum of witchcraft.
 A public washhouse.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website of the château de Blancafort
Museum of witchcraft

Communes of Cher (department)


Boulleret () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes and streams, forestry and farming, comprising the village and three hamlets situated in the Loire valley some  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D751 with the D153 and D13 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Marie-Madeleine, dating from the fifteenth century.
 Roman remains at Peseau.
 The fifteenth-century castle of Buranlure.
 Several ancient houses.
 The Château du Peseau, dating from the fourteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

The castle of Buranlure
Photos of the castle of Buranlure

Communes of Cher (department)


Bouzais () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A small farming area comprising a village and a hamlet situated in the Loubière river valley some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D64 with the D951 road. The A71 autoroute runs straight through the middle of the commune’s territory.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St.Roch, dating from the fourteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Brinon-sur-Sauldre (, literally Brinon on Sauldre) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A village of lakes, forestry and farming situated in the valley of the river Sauldre, some  north of Bourges at the junction of the D234, D77 and the D923 roads. The commune has the Beuvron river forming its northern border with the department of Loir-et-Cher.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Barthélemy, dating from the eleventh century.
 Traces of a thirteenth-century castle at Launay.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official website of the commune

Communes of Cher (department)
Orléanais


Bruère-Allichamps () is a commune in the Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Geography
An area of forestry, farming and a little light industry comprising the village and a couple of hamlets in the Cher valley  south of Bourges at the junction of the D2144 with the D92 and D35 roads. The A71 autoroute runs through the northern part of the commune's territory. The village is one of seven places claiming to be the geographical centre of France (excluding Corsica and Overseas France).

Population

Sights

 The abbey of Noirlac, dating from the twelfth century.
 A stone marking the village as the geographic centre of France.
 The twelfth century priory church of Saint-Étienne.
 The Château de Châteaufer, built in 1670.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

The abbey website

Communes of Cher (department)


Bué () is a commune in the Cher department, located in the Centre-Val de Loire region, France.

Geography
A winegrowing and farming village situated  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D85 with the D955 and D923 roads. It is one of only a few communes allowed to produce Sancerre wines.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Radegonde, dating from the nineteenth century.
 A feudal motte.
 The ruins of an ancient abbey.

There are truck stops in Mahoning County.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website about Bué
Official website of the commune

Communes of Cher (department)


La Celette () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and two hamlets situated some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D1 and the D97 roads. The A71 autoroute runs through the southwestern part of the territory of the commune.

Population

Sights
 The church of Saints Peter and Paul, rebuilt in the nineteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


La Celle-Condé () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the river Arnon, some  southwest of Bourges at the junction of the D219, D192 and the D69 roads.

Population

Sights
 A fifteenth-century stone cross
 The church of St. Denis, dating from the eleventh century
 A fifteenth century manorhouse
 The priory church of Saint-Germain
 A seventeenth century presbytery

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website of La Celle-Condé

Communes of Cher (department)


John Calvert is a radio commercials producer, managing director of Airforce: The Radio Commercial and Advertising Music Production Company, a voiceover artist, radio advertising consultant, speaker, and awards judge.

Career history
1984-1986: Radio Mercury, Crawley, UK. Commercial Producer.
1986-1996: Essex FM, Essex, UK. Commercial Producer / Creative Director.
1997–Present: Airforce (Radio Commercials & Music Production). Creative Director, Managing Director, Owner.

Career path
A strong fascination with tape recorders led John Calvert to be inspired by the British Broadcaster Kenny Everett.

After an initial stint with 'Radio Dorking', a hospital radio station at Dorking Hospital in Dorking, Surrey UK. John left his job in an electrical store to become a Technical Operator at the new Radio Mercury in Crawley, West Sussex, UK.

Within a year, John became Radio Mercury's Commercial Producer.

In 1986, John was employed by Essex Radio PLC as a Commercial Producer. 1997 saw the founding of 'The Creative Team', a highly successful venture involving producing high-quality Radio Commercials for local radio advertisers.

In 1996, John Calvert joined Airforce, a prominent Radio Commercial and Advertising Music production company.

In June 2006, John Calvert acquired Airforce and became joint owner with Sonia Williams.

Since June 2006, John Calvert has provided voiceovers for production companies and international brands. These include the BBC, Canon, BP, IBM, Hasbro, Microsoft, Metro Newspapers, Hewlett Packard, Epson, Exxon and many more.

John Calvert is also the 'voice of radio advertising' in the UK's leading radio industry publication 'The Radio Magazine'. he is also in-demand as a judge for radio advertising awards including the Arqiva Awards(organised by the RAB/Radiocentre) and the Vox Awards. John also is a keynote speaker at business seminars and has lectured at the UK's leading university for Media Studies - Bournemouth University.

Awards
Awards for John Calvert's craft has been recognised by The Independent Radio Advertising Awards, The Creative Circle Honours, The Kudos Awards & The Sony Awards.

In May 2011, 4 productions created by John Calvert were nominated as finalists in the 2011 Vox Awards. 'Best Retail Commercial', 'Best Services Commercial', 'Best Male Voiceover Performance' & 'Best Female Voiceover Performance'. John's commercials received more nominations and awards (2 winning commercials) than any other 2011 entrant.

In 2012, 3 productions created by John Calvert were nominated in the Vox Awards. He was the winner in the 'Best Service Sector' category.

In 2013, 4 productions created by John Calvert were nominated in the Vox Awards. (More nominations than any other entrant) He was the winner in the 'Best Retail Radio Commercial' category.

In 2016 Nominated in the 2016 Vox Awards.

In 2017 Nominated in 'Best Use of Music' category in the 2017 Vox Awards.

In 2021, John was awarded 'Vox Judges Choice' and The Sayer Producer of the Year in the Vox Awards.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British radio personalities
People from Calne


From Scratch are a New Zealand experimental music / performance group, best known for their large sculptural invented instruments (primarily percussion), original music and hocket-style rhythmic innovation. They have performed since 1974 with an ever-changing lineup, though principally led by Philip Dadson.

History

1970s
From Scratch was formed in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1974 by Philip Dadson, along with other founding members Bruce Barber, Gray Nichol and Geoff Chapple. The group emerged from the NZ Scratch Orchestra (formed in 1970, also by Dadson, as an offshoot of Cornelius Cardew's original London-based Scratch Orchestra). The new From Scratch group sought to explore a more structured and rhythm-based approach than was possible with the Scratch Orchestra, whose large-scale, largely improvised performances had "often degenerated into therapeutic free-for-alls".

From Scratch's first performance was part of the Wellington Sonic Circus (1974), a mini-festival of new music, sound and art organised by Jack Body. They performed from a series of works titled "VOM" (Variable Occasion Music"), a manifesto providing "a flexible framework for rhythm, procedure and instrumentation, the variables for which are suggested by influences from the context or occasion in which the music is to be played".

The VOM works laid the groundwork for subsequent 1970s From Scratch rhythm-based compositions, including "Out-In" (1976), "Drumwheel" (1977) and "Triad #1" (1978), which was scored for two pianos, one played via a long rosined line attached to its interior. This produced harmonically rich continuous drone textures, which were also to become a feature of From Scratch performances.

By 1978 the group had also begun to perform using initial versions of the racks of long, horizontally mounted end-struck plastic pipes which would become their trademark instrument. Multiple sets of these "plosive aerophones" were typically used, struck with rubber paddles. They were inspired partly by seeing a Solomon Islands group performing with bamboo tube instruments at the 1976 South Pacific Festival of the Arts in Rotorua. The From Scratch versions were constructed from PVC drain pipe, beginning the group's association with sculptural instruments invented from industrial materials.

Towards the end of the 1970s the group had begun to perform internationally, presenting works at the Third Biennale of Sydney, Australia in 1979.

1980–1986
By the beginning of the 1980s Bruce Barber and Gray Nichol had left the group, to be replaced by Don McGlashan and Wayne Laird. This incarnation of From Scratch developed and performed some of the group's most iconic works, all featuring the PVC pipe instruments, but supplemented with racks of other instruments to form one-person "percussion stations" with a range of sound sources. These included rototom drums, metal chimes, tuned-tongue bamboos and aluminium gongs.

Gung Ho 1,2,3D
Their first major work of this period was "Gung Ho 1,2,3D" (1980), named after the slogan of the workers' co-operative movement established in China by New Zealander Rewi Alley (who was the subject of a book by From Scratch member Geoff Chapple). This slogan, meaning "work together", summarised From Scratch's commitment to egalitarian principles in music-making, expressed in an equal sharing of musical roles. Musically the piece explores a series of seven slowly evolving three-part polyrhythms, the first combining time signatures of length 3, 4, 5, the second 4, 5, 6, and so on up to 9, 10, 11 (with the fourth player taking on a drone role). This kind of polyrhythmic exploration had also featured in earlier works such as "Out In" and "Drumwheel", and would continue to be present in most later works by the group.

From Scratch previewed excerpts from "Gung Ho 1,2,3D" at the South Pacific Festival of the Arts in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea in June 1980. According to Dadson, "It was just the most magical context to be in, because there were like fifty groups from all the outlying provinces of PNG that came into Port Moresby for the festival... we cart out our PVC pipes, do a quick setup, flail into something out of Gung Ho. And this is in the absolute heat of the noonday sun, broad brimmed hats on. It was so hot that all the pipes changed pitch, while the drums went flaccid. It went down okay with the locals. They just thought we were hilarious".

The visual interest of their performances began to attract the attention of film-makers, and "Gung Ho 1,2,3D" was filmed for New Zealand television in 1981. The entire work was also later pressed for a Flying Nun LP in 1988, but this was never released because the covers were damaged during production.

Pacific 3,2,1,Zero (Part 1)
In October 1982 From Scratch made its first trip to the Northern hemisphere, to perform "Gung Ho 1,2,3D" at the twelfth Paris Biennale. Here they also took the opportunity to present a new work, "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero", written as a protest against French nuclear weapons testing and waste dumping in the Pacific. Names of Pacific islands contaminated by nuclear tests are sung and shouted during the piece, which ends with an urgent polyrhythmic PVC pipe section, followed by the solemn tolling of aluminium bell-poles.

The group also performed "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero" outdoors in the Pompidou Centre plaza to bring their music and message to a wider audience. A large crowd gathered, unexpectedly prompting a French fire-eater, on whose turf the group had unwittingly trespassed, to wade in amongst the performers and threaten to incinerate them, together with their PVC pipes. On completing the piece they were able to negotiate a truce and alternated their act with that of the fire-eater from then on.

From Scratch later collaborated with film-maker Gregor Nicholas on a short film of "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero", which won the Grand Prix and first prize in its category at the 1994 Cannes/Midem Visual Music Awards.

Pacific 3,2,1,Zero (Part 2)
Returning to New Zealand after the 1982 French tour, Dadson began work on a follow-up piece to "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero", less of a protest and more an expression of hope, "dedicated to the emerging force of solidarity among the peoples of the Pacific". The piece is scored for an expanded twelve-person ensemble (six men and six women) including percussion, male and female vocals, saxophones and trombones. It was intended to follow directly after Part 1. The first performance of the complete work was not until 1986, at Auckland Girls' Grammar school, Shed 11 in Wellington and the sixth Sydney Biennale.

Drum/Sing
"Drum/Sing" (1984) was conceived as a collaboration between From Scratch (now a trio after the departure of Geoff Chapple) and film-maker Gregor Nicholas. The resulting 22-minute film screened on New Zealand television in 1985 and was also presented as a short film before screenings of a popular locally made feature film, The Quiet Earth, in New Zealand cinemas – "much to the surprise of audiences who had not expected an art-music film to precede their entertainment". However, the film went on to win a Blue Ribbon Award in the Film as Art category at the New York Film Festival, as well as Best Short Film at the New Zealand GOFTA Awards.

"Drum/Sing" was the first From Scratch piece to explore the use of sung vocals in combination with the percussion stations. It is structured in linked modules, and for live performances was extended with an extra vocal section. The piece uses hocketing to share rhythmic / melodic lines between the performers, a technique which would be further developed in later From Scratch compositions.

1988–1994
Between 1986 and 1988 From Scratch went into temporary recess, following the departure of both Don McGlashan and Wayne Laird. Walter Muller joined in 1988, and he and Dadson performed a piece called "Rhythmwheel" as a duo at the World Drum Festival in Brisbane. At the 1989 inaugural Sound/Watch Festival in Auckland, they performed "Songs for Unsung Heroes", an early version of "Songs for Heroes".

The following year From Scratch regrouped with new members Neville Hall (a saxophonist) and James McCarthy (a student of Dadson's at the University of Auckland Elam School of Fine Arts). New instrumentation was developed, including parade bass drums with short racks of small-diameter PVC pipes attached, "Tone-trees" (tree-like assemblages of percussion sound sources), and "Zitherums", long string instruments with polystyrene resonators, played percussively with sticks or slides, or bowed as drones.

Carhorn Hocket
"Carhorn Hocket" involves multiple car-horns (with cars still attached), and features door-slamming and engine revving, as well as horns. "Carhorn Hocket" was first performed with four cars on 6 February 1991 as part of a double-album launch party at Artspace in Auckland, celebrating the release of the From Scratch album "Songs for Heroes" and the Gitbox Rebellion album "Pesky Digits". Expanded to eight cars, it was performed as "Carhorn Hocket 2" in 1994 in Civic Square, Wellington as part of ExtravaCANZa, which was the 20th birthday of the Composers Association of NZ – on this occasion, performers included Gary Wilby, Mark Langford, Harry van Enckevort and Judith Exley. It was performed again (in the Auckland University quad and the Titirangi War Memorial Hall carpark) for the 273 Moons concerts in 1995 and in Jakarta in 1997 for the International Percussion Festival. It was later revived for the 2018 survey exhibition "555 Moons".

Songs for Heroes
One of the first works performed by the revitalised group was "Songs for Heroes" (1990), a tribute to "spiritual sages of all times and ages". Besides the newly developed instruments, soprano saxophone and pianohorns, the piece also makes use of vocal harmonics in its closing drone section.

Fax To Paris
"Fax To Paris" (1990) was a short piece protesting continued French nuclear testing in the Pacific, featuring shouted vocals, hand-clapping and tone-trees. Like "Songs for Heroes", it uses hocketed vocals using the syllables "ha" and "hey" which would become part of the group's trademark sound.

Eye/Drum
The 1992 piece "Eye/Drum" marked a departure from previous From Scratch works, being their first large-scale piece not to feature the classic large end-struck PVC-pipe instruments. These had been replaced by "Eye-drum" stations, made from shorter lengths of PVC pipe with hard plastic membranes at the playing end and playable with mallets. Other new instruments included hand-held found objects such as "Fingerpots" (small gourds played with hard thimbles attached to the fingers, featured also in the piece "Fingerpot Rag") and "Song-stones" (pairs of selected resonant stones).

The From Scratch Rhythm Workbook
In 1990 Philip Dadson and Don McGlashan published "The From Scratch Rhythm Workbook", a book containing a set of rhythm games and exercises distilled from the group's rhythmic experiments. It also included ideas for composition strategies, instrument building and documentation of the VOM manifesto. The book formed the basis for From Scratch rhythm workshops usually taught by Dadson. A second edition was published in 1995.

1995–2002
In the mid-1990s Walter Muller and Neville Hall left the group and were replaced by Shane Currey. For a short time From Scratch performed as a trio (Dadson, McCarthy and Currey) and performed in Japan and Thailand in 1995.

273 Moons
Also in 1995, From Scratch marked its 21st birthday with a celebratory concert series called "273 Moons", held in Auckland at the Maidment Theatre and the Titirangi War Memorial Hall. The concerts featured a range of recent and past works, including one of the early VOM pieces from the 1970s, as well as works for larger ensembles of mixed vocals and brass instruments, and "Carhorn Hocket".

Global Hockets
The year 1996 saw further lineup changes, with James McCarthy being replaced by new members Darryn Harkness and Adrian Croucher. Dadson began to compose a new large-scale piece based largely around hocketing. An initial version of the piece, titled "Homage to the God of Hockets", was performed in 1997 at WOMAD in Auckland and in Indonesia (Denpasar, Bandung and the Jakarta Percussion Festival).

New instrumentation for the piece included reconfigured bass-drum percussion stations and the "Nunn-drum", a tribute to US instrument inventor Thomas Nunn. This consists of a bass drum shell with plywood heads and protruding threaded rods.

In its fully developed form the piece was a collaboration between From Scratch and German-based computer graphics artists "Supreme Particles". Titled "Global Hockets" partly to reflect this international collaboration, the multi-media work featured projected graphics which reacted in real time to the sound. Also, for the first time, From Scratch incorporated electronic sounds into their repertoire, with samples activated by MIDI triggers on some of the percussion instruments. "Global Hockets" included islands of improvised material in amongst tightly structured sections.

From Scratch premiered "Global Hockets" at the Wellington Arts Festival in early 1998, before touring the show in Hungary, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands throughout the remainder of the year.

Pacific Plate
After the "Global Hockets" European tour, Darryn Harkness left From Scratch and the group continued as a trio, developing a new piece called "Pacific Plate". Referencing volcanic and tectonic themes, it was described as "a tribute to the generally dormant, largely silent, seldom seen, and often forgotten forces, that have shaped the face of the planet over millennia".

The work again incorporated improvised sections bridging structured modules, and introduced more new instruments, including the "Water cooler drum kit", "Rod-Baschet" (named in tribute to the Baschet Brothers, with stroked glass rods activating a stainless steel resonator disc), Foley trays and "Gloop-drum" (a combination drum and string instrument, reminiscent of the ektara). Like "Global Hockets", the piece also included projected visuals, but of a much lower-tech variety (16mm film projected onto a Venetian blind). It ended with a chorus of whistling kettles and spinning ceramic plates.

"Pacific Plate" premiered in 2000 at the Taupō Arts Festival. It was also performed in Auckland and Wellington before being toured in Austria (Salzburg and Hall in Tirol) in 2001. The piece was also recorded and broadcast on Radio New Zealand in 2004, but the recording has as yet not been released.

2014–2019
After "Pacific Plate", From Scratch went into a long hiatus as members (including founder Philip Dadson) pursued other projects. There were no more hints of any possible renewal of group activity until 2014, when Dadson, Darryn Harkness and Adrian Croucher reunited for a single performance titled "Homage to the Philosophy of Lao Tse", a percussive improvisation structured around lines spoken from the Tao Te Ching. Although the From Scratch name was not used, the piece was recognisably in the vein of the group and sparked rumours of a revival.

Philip Dadson: Sonics From Scratch
In 2015 a feature-length documentary film, "Philip Dadson: Sonics From Scratch", was released about Philip Dadson, which necessarily also contained a lot of material on From Scratch, as the group had been an important part of his life and work. The film, directed by Simon Ogston and Orlando Stewart, premiered at the New Zealand International Film Festival on 25 July 2015. A number of past From Scratch members were present at the premiere, and the film (which screened on Air New Zealand flights for a time) helped revive interest in the group.

New CD releases
In 2016 the Japanese record label "EM Records" released a new From Scratch album titled "Five Rhythm Works", consisting of re-releases of four early works: "Out in Part 1", "Drumwheel Part 2", "Gung Ho 1,2,3D" (the 5,6,7 and 6,7,8 modules) and "Passage" (one of the VOM pieces).

EM Records released a second From Scratch album in 2017, this time containing the "8,9,10" and "9,10,11" modules from "Gung Ho 1,2,3D", together with re-interpretations of these pieces by other artists. A third album followed in 2018, containing one piece from each of the first three decades of the group: "Triad #1" (1978), "Drum/Sing" (1984) and "Fax To Paris" (1990).

Andrew Clifford, director of Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery, who had completed an MFA research project on From Scratch in 2013, said of the "Five Rhythm Works" album release, "It's important, because it has a lot to do with kick-starting the From Scratch revival after their long hiatus, although I'm sure the poking and prodding that I'd been doing in the preceding years also helped plant some seeds".

From Scratch Returns
To mark the New Zealand launch of the "Five Rhythm Works" album, a performance titled "From Scratch Returns" was held in Auckland on 6 May 2016. The two-and-a-half-hour improvised show had "accompanists" Dadson, Darryn Harkness and Adrian Croucher joined at pre-determined times by a series of guest performers, including fellow From Scratch alumni Geoff Chapple, Don McGlashan, Walter Muller, James McCarthy and Shane Currey.

546 Moons / Heart'Heart
In 2017, From Scratch re-grouped in preparation for "546 Moons", a survey exhibition at Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery of instruments and memorabilia, curated by Andrew Clifford, together with a series of performances titled "Heart'Heart" in the 2018 Auckland Arts Festival.

The four members (Dadson, Croucher, Currey and Harkness) from the 1996 – 1998 incarnation of the group were joined by new members Rebecca Celebuski, Rachel Thomas and Chris O'Connor.

The show was based around "Global Hockets" (not previously performed in Auckland) but also contained performances of "Drumwheel" (with Carol Brown taking the central spinning dance role) and "POWWOW", a new piece for three end-struck PVC pipe stations (reminiscent of the finale of "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero"). In addition there were short collaborative works with Dan Beban and Nell Thomas from the group "Orchestra of Spheres", Chris O'Connor, Pitch Black, and the New Pacific Music Ensemble.

Several new instruments were also featured, including the "Rutman Cello" (a tribute instrument based on designs by Robert Rutman), "Sprongs", foot-pump operated "Fipple Whistles", "Wall Wires" (a long string instrument incorporating a bass drum and mounted into a wall) and "Tone Thrones" (a series of instruments based on chairs).

555 Moons / Heart'Heart'Heart
From November 2018 to March 2019, City Gallery Wellington hosted "555 Moons", an updated version of the 546 Moons From Scratch survey exhibition. This included video and photographic documentation from the group's 2018 Auckland performances, as well as a gallery devoted to Pacific Plate, with video footage and an interactive Foley floor.

The exhibition was opened with a live performance of Carhorn Hocket in Civic Square outside the gallery. Other performance events followed, including "And Their Heads Are Turning" (the group's collaboration with Wellington-based "Orchestra of Spheres") in December 2018, and the 6-hour improvised "Visitors" show in February 2019, with invited Wellington musicians joining the group at pre-determined times.

The exhibition closed with Heart'Heart'Heart, a slightly shorter version of the 2018 Heart'Heart performance, including most of Global Hockets, POWWOW, Drumwheel and a slightly revised version of "Wobble Ova Oases", the group's collaboration with Chris O'Connor.

2020

Pax/Pacifica tour
In September 2020, From Scratch made a tour of New Zealand, with 14 performances mainly in the South Island and on Stewart Island/Rakiura, as most of the planned North Island dates had to be cancelled as a result of lockdowns  associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

The group presented a new work entitled "Pax/Pacifica", described as a "conch-call to the fallout of nuclear testing and climate change in the Pacific" and performed by Dadson, Croucher, Currey and Harkness. The piece used some of the group's more familiar instruments (song-stones, aluminium bells and their trademark long PVC pipe stations) together with new ones including "membrane horns" (end-blown PVC pipe instruments with a balloon membrane) and "glissflutes" (side-blown flutes with balloon membranes at both ends). It also incorporated a performance of the early polyrhythmic work "VOM6".

As well as "Pax/Pacifica" the tour programme featured a reprise of the 1982 work "Pacific 3,2,1,Zero" (Part 1), performed by Croucher, Currey and Harkness. The repertoire of island names sung and shouted during the piece was expanded to include islands at risk from or already affected by climate change, including Aotearoa itself.

Releases

Recordings
 From Scratch Perform Rhythm Works
12" LP, 1979, Private Release, PRA 905
Side One: Out-In Pt 1 & 2
Side Two: Drumwheel Pt 1 & 2
Performed by Geoff Chapple, Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Don McGlashan, Gary Wain
Sound engineer: David Hurley; recorded at Mandrill Studios, Auckland

 3 Pieces from Gung Ho 1,2,3D
12" EP, 1983, Hit Singles, HITM004
Side One: 8-9-10 (sixth module) (10'00")
Side Two: 5-6-7 (third module) & 6-7-8 (fourth, central module) (10'20")
Instruments: tuned PVC pipes, metal chimes, drums, spun drones
Devised by Phil Dadson
Performed by Geoff Chapple, Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Don McGlashan
Sound Engineer: Greg Brice

 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero (part 1) and Drum/Sing
LP, 1985, Flying Nun, FN041
Side One: Pacific 3,2,1,Zero (Part One) (23')
Side Two: Drum/Sing (26')
Instruments: tuned PVC pipes, chimes, bamboos, drums, handbells, Jilzira drones, cymbals, voices, trom tubes, spun drones, rattle jackets, biscuit tins
Performed by Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Don McGlashan
Engineered by Steve Garden at The Valley Conference Centre, Albany; mixed at Progressive Studios, Auckland, July 1985
Also self-released on cassette in 1984

 Gung Ho 1,2,3D LP
LP, 1988, Flying Nun, FN085
Side One: 3,4,5; 4,5,6; 5,6,7; 6,7,8; 7,8,9 (23'30")
Side Two: 8,9,10; 9,10,11 (24'30")
Instruments: tuned PVC pipes, metal chimes, drums, spun drones
Devised by Phil Dadson
Performed by Geoff Chapple, Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Don McGlashan
Sound Engineer: Greg Brice; Remixed in 1987 by Greg Brice and Wayne Laird at Wayne Laird's studio
This is a full-length re-release and remix of the earlier Hit Singles 12".

 Songs For Heroes
CD, Cassette, 1991, Rattle Records RAT D002 or RAT C002
A continuous piece of music in eight sections
Devised by Philip Dadson
Performed by Philip Dadson, Neville Hall, James McCarthy, Walter Muller
A tribute to unsung heroes, past and present
This was remastered and reissued with new artwork in 2011

 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero (part one) and Eye/Drum
New digital release of Pacific 3,2,1,Zero with a new work, Eye/Drum
CD, cassette, 1994, Kiwi-Pacific International, CD SLC-236 or TC SLC-236
Pacific 3,1,1,Zero devised by Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Don McGlashan; performed by Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, James McCarthy
Eye/Drum devised by Phil Dadson; performed by Philip Dadson, Neville Hall, James McCarthy, Walter Muller

 Global Hockets – From Scratch Live in Europe with Supreme Particles
CD, 1999, Scratch Records
Devised by Philip Dadson
Performed by Adrian Croucher, Shane Currey, Phil Dadson, Darryn Harkness
Also self-released on cassette in 1998 and VHS in 2000

 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero Parts 1 and 2 Live
CD, 1986, Atoll Ltd, ACD 301
Part 1 devised by Philip Dadson
Part 2 devised by Philip Dadson
Part 2 performed by Geoff Chapple, Philip Dadson, Wayne Laird, Joshna LaTrobe, Dipali Linwood, Niki May, Don McGlashan, Peter Scholes, Kim Wesney
Produced by Wayne Laird
Also self-released on cassette in 1986

 Five Rhythm Works
CD and LP, 2016, EM Records, EM1150CD or EM1150LP
Out in Part 1 (1976), Drumwheel Part 2 (1977), 5,6,7 and 6,7,8 from Gung Ho 1,2,3D (1979), Passage (1974)
Composed by Philip Dadson

 8,9,10 and 9,10,11 from Gung Ho 1,2,3D
CD and double LP, 2017, EM Records, EM1160CD or EM1160DLP
Performed by From Scratch (1981), plus interpretations by Goat, Don't DJ and Utena Kobayashi Group
Composed by Philip Dadson

 Triad #1 – Drum/Sing – Fax To Paris
CD and LP, 2018, EM Records, EMC-007
Triad #1 (1978) for two pianos, performed by Philip Dadson and Gray Nichol
Drum/Sing (1984) and Fax To Paris (1990), performed by From Scratch
Composed by Philip Dadson

Compilations
 From the Pages of Experimental Musical Instruments Volume VI
Cassette, Experimental Musical Instruments (US), 1991
From Scratch contribute excerpts from Songs for Heroes

 Different Tracks
CD, Cassette, 1993, Rattle Records RAT D003
Instruments: hocketed handclapping, vocal chant and tone-tree percussion of gongs and cymbals
Devised by Philip Dadson
Performed by Philip Dadson, Neville Hall, James McCarthy, Walter Muller
From Scratch contributes Fax To Paris

 Gravikords, Whirlies, and Pyrophones
Compilation CD, Ellipsis Arts CD3630, 1998
Produced by Bart Hopkin of Experimental Musical Instruments magazine
Introduction by Tom Waits
Contains a 96 page colour book and 73 minute CD
From Scratch contributes an excerpt of Pacific 3-2-1-Zero (1986)

Films
 Drum/Sing
16mm film, VHS PAL or NTSC (20 minutes)
A collaboration with Director Gregor Nicholas
Award Winning Film

 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero
VHS, 1993 (21 minutes)
A collaboration with Director Gregor Nicholas
Awarded Grand Prix, Cannes/Midem 1994

 Global Hockets: Supreme Particles From Scratch – Live at New Zealand's Festival of the Arts
VHS, Scratch Records, 2000
Recorded in Wellington, New Zealand, 1998
A one-hour video documentary with stereo sound

 Philip Dadson: Sonics From Scratch
Feature-length documentary (85 minutes), 2015
 Dir. Simon Ogston, Orlando Stewart
 Premiered at NZ International Film Festival, 25 July 2015, Auckland

Publications
 The From Scratch Rhythm Workbook
, 1995, 102 page in spiral binding
By Don McGlashan, Philip Dadson, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Published by Heinemann Drama
A workbook for Grade K8 and up students that introduces new musical ideas of body-based rhythm and sound, compositional concepts for solo or group participation.

 Slap tubes and other plosive aerophones: the greatest music-making idea that most people have never heard of
, 2007, 64 pages, comes with CD
By Bart Hopkin and Philip Dadson
Published by Experimental Musical Instruments, Pt Reyes Station, CA

 Splash Five 1987: From Scratch Special Issue 2018
, 2018, 131pp, A4, comes with poster insert
By Wystan Curnow and From Scratch
Published by Small Bore Books, Whanganui
The lost special issue of Splash magazine, dedicated to From Scratch and belatedly published in 2018, accompanied by:

 From Scratch: 546 Moons
, 2018, A1 fold-out poster/publication
By Andrew Clifford
Published by Te Uru Waitakere Contemporary Gallery, Auckland
A special insert to accompany Splash Five and updates the story from 1987–2018.

References

External links

 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero Part 1, on NZ On Screen
 Pacific 3,2,1,Zero at Nga Taonga
 Elsewhere review of Global Hockets (2000)
 Elsewhere review of Sonics From Scratch film (2015)
 Quick Guide to From Scratch
 From Scratch on Rattle Records

New Zealand musical groups
Flying Nun Records artists


Cerbois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry, comprising the main village and a couple of hamlets, situated in the valley of the river Arnon some  south of Vierzon, at the junction of the D20, D113 and the D123 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church, dating from the twentieth century
 The fifteenth-century chateau

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Chalivoy-Milon () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D34 with the D6 road.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the twelfth century
 The fourteenth-century castle of Yssertieux
 Ancient houses

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


La Chapelle-Hugon () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the canal de Berry and the river Aubois, some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D100 and the D920 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of Saintes Etienne and Martin, dating from the twelfth century
 A watermill
 The seventeenth-century chateau des Bordes.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website of La Chapelle-Hugon

Communes of Cher (department)


La Chapelle-Montlinard () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area, comprising the village and a couple of hamlets situated in the Loire valley, some  east of Bourges, at the junction of the N151 with the D7, D53 and the D45 roads. The Loire lateral canal runs through the village, which lies on the pilgrimage route known as St. James' Way.

Population

Sights
 The Val de Loire National Nature Reserve, opened in 1995.
 The Pépinières Arboretum Adeline horticultural nursery.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


La Chapelle-Saint-Ursin () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A small town of farming and light industry situated some  southwest of Bourges at the junction of the D16 and the D107 roads. The A71 autoroute cuts across the middle of the commune’s territory.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Ursin, dating from the twelfth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


La Chapelotte () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A forestry and farming village situated by the banks of the river Vernon, some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D7, D11 and the D231 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the twentieth century.
 Two watermills.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Charenton-du-Cher () is a commune  in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming, forestry and a little light industry comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the canal de Berry and the river Marmande, some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D951 with the D1 and D953 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the eleventh century.
 The motte of a tenth-century castle (30m diameter, 10m high).
 A fifteenth-century house on the rue Blanche.
 An old forge and its associated buildings, La "Grosse Forge"
 Remains of the convent abbey of Notre-Dame de Bellevaux, founded in 620.
 The remains of the 15th century chapel of St. Julien.
 A public washhouse.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Charentonnay () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming village with three hamlets situated some  east of Bourges at the junction of the N151 with the D51, D25 and D72 roads. The commune lies on the pilgrimage route known as the Way of St. James.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Pierre, dating from the fourteenth century.
 A fifteenth century chateau.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Chârost () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming village situated by the banks of the river Arnon, some  southwest of Bourges at the junction of the N151 with the D16, D88, D18 and D2 roads. The commune lies on the pilgrimage route known as St. James' Way.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Michel, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The fifteenth-century chateau.
 Wayside stone crosses.
 Traces of an eleventh-century castle donjon.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Châteaumeillant (; ) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of winegrowing, farming and forestry comprising a small town and several hamlets situated in the valley of the small river Sinaise, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D943 with the D3 and the D70 roads.

Population

Sights
 The abbey church of St. Genès, dating from the twelfth century.
 A medieval castle.
 Other buildings, originally part of the abbey.
 The museum, dating from the fourteenth century.
 The eleventh-century church of Notre-Dame.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official town website
Website of the winegrowing cooperative

Communes of Cher (department)
Bituriges Cubi


Le Châtelet () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small town and a few hamlets situated by the banks of the small river Portefeuille, some  south of Bourges, at the junction of the D 951, D 3 and the D 65 roads.

Population

Sights
 The abbey church of Notre-Dame, dating from the twelfth century.
 The seventeenth century manorhouse de La Charnaye.
 Trace remains of a 12th-century castle.
 A pottery museum at the hamlet of Archers.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Le Châtelet - Website of the village

Communes of Cher (department)


Chaumoux-Marcilly is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A small farming village situated some  east of Bourges at the junction of the N151 with the D10 and D232 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Radegonde, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The fifteenth-century chateau.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Le Chautay () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, forestry and farming comprising a small village and a couple of hamlets situated by the banks of both the canal de Berry and the river Aubois, some  southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D50 and the D920 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Saturnin, dating from the twelfth century.
 A fifteenth-century manorhouse.
 A watermill.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Chéry () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry, comprising the main village and a hamlet, situated in the valley of the river Arnon some  south of Vierzon, at the junction of the D75, D165 and the D68 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Didier, dating from the sixteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Chezal-Benoît () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes and streams,  farming and forestry comprising a village and a couple of hamlets situated in the valley of the small river Mouzet, some  southwest of Bourges at the junction of the D18 with the D65 and the D115 roads. The commune shares its western border with the department of Indre.

Population

Sights
 The abbey church of St.Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
 A windmill.
 Other buildings from the Benedictine abbey.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Clémont () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A village of lakes, forestry and farming situated in the valley of the river Sauldre, some  north of Bourges at the junction of the D7, D79 and the D923 roads. The commune borders the department of Loiret.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Etienne, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The chateau of Lauroy, dating from the seventeenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Cecil Lawrence Pashley   (1891–1969) was a British aviation pioneer.

Cecil Pashley was born in the Great Yarmouth, Norfolk on 14 May 1891 to parents Alexander and Cecilia (Ryan). He learned to fly in 1908 and, in partnership with his younger brother Eric, established a flight training school at Shoreham Airport in 1913 when they founded the South Coast Flying club. Cecil's two brothers were both killed during the First World War; Herbert was a 2nd lieutenant observation balloon officer and died on Christmas Day in 1916, whilst Eric was a lieutenant flying Airco DH.2s with 24 Squadron Royal Flying Corps and died in an accident on 17 March 1917.

One of Pashley's students was F. G. Miles with whom he later founded the Southern Aero Club which remained in business after his death.

Pashley trained large numbers of pilots during both world wars. During the Second World War Pashley was commissioned in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. He was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1944 and a made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1948. Pashley was a Flight Lieutenant when he resigned his commission in 1954.

In 1962 "Pash" (as he was popularly known) was presented with a special silver medal to mark his 50 years of active flying, which spanned the early days of aviation to the jet age, over which he had logged an astonishing 18,900 hours (13,000 of them on instruction) and had taught about 1600 people to fly.

Cecil Lawrence Pashley died on 10 December 1969, aged 78, at Southlands Hospital, Shoreham.

A proportion of his personal archive has been purchased by the West Sussex Record Office.

A road at Shoreham Airport and a local bus have been named after him.

See also

List of aviation pioneers

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100815210933/http://www.findon.info/sussex_sights/sussex_sights.htm
 Shoreham had a role in aviation history – The Argus

Members of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force officers
English aviators
Aviation pioneers
1891 births
1969 deaths
People from Worthing


Colombiers () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A village of farming and forestry situated in the Cher valley some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D101 with the D2144 and the D141 roads.

The Point of Inaccessibility for France (furthest point from any border) lies in Colombiers at 46° 41.925’ N, 2° 32.457’ W.

Population

Sights
 The thirteenth-century church of St. Martin.
 The fifteenth-century castle, the chateau of La Salle
 A watermill, le moulin du Bas.
 A seventeenth-century stone cross.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Concressault () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
Concressault is a small farming village situated by the banks of the Sauldre river,  north of Bourges at the junction of the D8 with the D11 and D21 roads.

Population

History
In the medieval period, Concressault was surrounded by fortifications and therefore had the status of "city". The village developed itself around a castle built some distance aside of the older village of Dampierre-en-Crot. The new village ended up, at some point in the past, being more important than the first one.

The castle
In his manuscript on the Berry, Nicolas de Nicolay gave up a description of the castle as it was in 1567. According to him, he fortress got ruined by the English during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). A short time after the destruction it got rebuilt in a more solid form by the Duke Jean de Berry (1340–1416). The castle had an hexagonal shape, with 32 meters high and 12 meters thick walls made of hard rocks. Buildings were built out of colored bricks and covered by slate. The moats were 32 meters large and 4 meters deep.

Sir John Stewart of Darnley, a Scottish nobleman, was awarded the title of "Lord of Concressault" thanks to his participation to the Battle of Baugé. In March 1423, he also becomes the Lord of Aubigny-sur-Nère. Under the reign of Charles VII (1422–1462) the castle was besieged again by the English who were not able to take control of it. Chased by the French, they mistook a narrow pit for the Sauldre river, that they thought they could pass through a ford. Many of them sank and the pit got called "la fosse aux Anglais" (literally: the pit of the English).

Sights
 The church of St. Pierre, dating from the fifteenth century
 The ruins of a fourteenth-century castle, destroyed by the English during the Hundred Years War
 Two old watermills and ancient barns at the Domaine du Moulin au Riche
 A museum, the Musée de la Sorcellerie

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Photos of the castle ruins

Communes of Cher (department)


Cornusse () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and two hamlets situated some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D15 and D102 roads. The river Airain forms all of the commune's eastern border.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
 A museum.
 The chateau, dating from the fifteenth century, now a medical institute.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Bibliography
Françoise Gicquiaud Cornusse, un château, un village, dans l'histoire du Berry. The « Villa de Cornossa », The « Seigneurie de Cornusse » 404 pages, 85 illustrations.

Communes of Cher (department)


Corquoy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Sainte-Lunaise was merged into Corquoy.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry comprising a village and two hamlets situated in the Cher valley some  south of Bourges on the D35 and the D27 roads.

Population

Sights
 The twelfth-century church of St. Martin.
 The thirteenth-century chapel of the old priory of Grandmont.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Couargues () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising five hamlets situated between the banks of the Loire and the canal parallel to the Loire, some  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D59 with the D206 and D259 roads.

Population

Sights

 The presbytery of St. Aignan, dating from the fifteenth century.
 Two watermills.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website about Couargues

Communes of Cher (department)


Cours-les-Barres () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
The commune is in an area of farming and forestry comprising a village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the Loire and the Loire lateral canal.

The village is  north-west of the centre of Nevers and  east of Bourges, at the junction of the D920 with the D40, D12 and D45 roads.

Population

Sights
 The fifteenth-century church of St. Pantaléon.
 The manorhouse at Givry.
 A feudal motte.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Coust is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry comprising a village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the Cher and the small river Chignon some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D1 with the D101 and the D2144 roads. The commune shares a border with the département of Allier.

Population

Sights
 The twelfth-century church of Notre-Dame.
 The ruins of the fourteenth-century castle of Le Creuzet.
 The remains of feudal fortifications at Meslon, and a dovecote.
 The chateau of Bonnais, dating from the thirteenth century.
 Three old washhouses.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Coust on the Quid website

Communes of Cher (department)


Couy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and one hamlet situated some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D53 and the D72 roads. The river Vauvise flows northeastward through the eastern part of the commune.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the thirteenth century.
 The eighteenth-century manorhouse at Creu.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Crézançay-sur-Cher (, literally Crézançay on Cher) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A very small farming and forestry village situated by the banks of both the Cher and the small river Trian, some  south of Bourges near the junction of the D145 with the D3 road.

Population

Sights
 The eighteenth-century church.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Crézancy-en-Sancerre () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming and winegrowing village situated some  northeast of Bourges at the junction of the D22 with the D86 roads. The commune is one of only a few that grow grapes for Sancerre AOC wines.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
 The feudal motte in Chaume woods.
 Medieval manorhouses at Reugny, Champtin and Vauvredon.
 A windmill.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website about Crezancy

Communes of Cher (department)


Croisy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a village and several hamlets situated some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D42 with the D109 and the D15 roads.

Population

Sights
 A watermill

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Cuffy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the Loire and Loire Lateral Canal, the river Allier and the small river Canche, some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D45 with the D50e, D178 and D976 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Maurice, dating from the twelfth century.
 The ruins of a fourteenth-century motte and bailey castle.
 The  aqueduct of the Canal latéral à la Loire with 18 arches.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Dampierre-en-Crot () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A small farming village situated by the banks of the Ionne river, some  north of Bourges at the junction of the D923 and D95 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church, dating from the 12th century.
 The restored late 17th-century auberge.
 Two old watermills.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

 Dampierre-en-Crot on the IGN website
 Old inn website: cooking tips, anecdotes, old pictures and restoration stories
 The 17th-century Old Inn

Communes of Cher (department)


Dampierre-en-Graçay () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small village and several hamlets situated some  southwest of Vierzon at the junction of the D163, D63, D75 and D108 roads.

Population

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Drevant () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming village situated by the banks of the river Cher some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D97 with the D141 and D2144 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
 The chapel of the eleventh-century priory.
 Considerable Gallo-Roman remains, including an amphitheatre, baths, villas and an aqueduct.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Dun-sur-Auron (, literally Dun on Auron) is a commune  in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small town and a couple of hamlets situated by the banks of both the Auron and the canal de Berry some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D10, D14, D28, D34 and the D943 roads. Another small river, the Airain flows northwest through the northern part of the commune.

Population

History
Dun-sur-Auron dates back from Dunum, a Gaul fortified place. In the Middle Ages it depended from the Viscount of Bourges. In 1101, the last viscount, Eudes Arpin, lord of Dun, sold his estates to King Philip I of France and the city was renamed Dun-le-Roi.

Sights
The sixteenth-century town walls
 The twelfth-century church of St. Etienne.
 Fifteenth-century houses.
 A feudal motte castle.
The chateau of La Périsse.
 The belltower.
 A museum.

Personalities
Maurice Bardèche (1907–1998), journalist and writer.
Érick Jacquin (1964–Present), chef and TV personality.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official town website

Communes of Cher (department)
Berry, France


Ennordres is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
Ennordres is made up of a rural village and associated small hamlets located among forests and farms in the valley of the Petite Sauldre river, approximately  north of Bourges at the junction of the D171, D30 and D181 roads and on the D940 road.

Population

Places of interest
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the thirteenth century.
 The chateau of L'Echeneau, dating from the seventeenth century.
 The chateau of La Motte, dating from the eighteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Épineuil-le-Fleuriel (; ) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, streams and farming consisting of the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of both the river Cher and the canal de Berry, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D4, D64 and the D97 roads. The A71 autoroute runs through the western part of the territory of the commune and it shares a border with the department of Allier.

Population

Sights
 St Martin's church, dating from the twelfth century.
 The eighteenth-century chateau of Cornançay.
 The nineteenth-century school and museum of writer Alain-Fournier.
 A feudal motte with a moat.
 Traces of another medieval castle.
 The chateau of Fougerolles.
 Old tile works at la Bouchatte.
 A washhouse at Cornançay.

Personalities
 Alain-Fournier, writer, spent his childhood here, where his parents taught at the school. The setting of his novel, Le Grand Meaulnes, is based on the area around the village.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Annuaire Mairie website

Communes of Cher (department)


Farges-Allichamps () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming village on the banks of the Cher  south of Bourges at the junction of the D142 and the D92 roads. The A71 autoroute runs through the centre of the commune’s territory. The village is one of six with a claim to be the geographic centre of France.

Population

Sights
 The twelfth-century church of St. Jean.
 The feudal castle de La Commanderie.
The chateau of La Brosse, dating from the thirteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website of Farges-Allichamps

Communes of Cher (department)


Farges-en-Septaine () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and a couple of hamlets bordered by the banks of both the Villabon and Yèvre rivers, some  east of Bourges, at the junction of the D98, D66 and the D36 roads. Much of the infrastructure of Avord Air Base is contained within the southern part of the commune.

Population

Sights
 The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the twelfth century.
 The seventeenth-century chateau of Bois-Bouzon.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Old postcards of the Septaine district

Communes of Cher (department)


Faverdines () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming, comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the small river Loubière, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D140 and the D1 roads. The A71 autoroute runs through the eastern part of the commune's territory.

Population

Sights
 The fourteenth-century church of St. Aignan.
 The vestiges of a fortified feudal manorhouse at Chaudenay.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)
Bituriges Cubi


Foëcy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, streams and farming comprising the village and two hamlets, situated in the valleys of both the river Yèvre and the Cher, some  southeast of Vierzon at the junction of the D60 and the D30 roads. The disused Canal de Berry, the A71 and the TER railway all pass through the territory of the commune.

Population

Sights

 A war memorial.
 The tomb of Louis Lourioux (French link)
 The church of St. Denis, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The eighteenth-century chateau, with parts from a feudal castle.
 A museum of porcelain.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Fussy () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
The village is in an agricultural area, with a little light industry. It is around 8 km north of the centre of Bourges at the junction of the D940 and D11 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Hilaire, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The World War II museum, opened in 1994.

International relations
Fussy is twinned with:
 Corminboeuf, Switzerland since May, 1991.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official website of Fussy

Communes of Cher (department)


Gardefort () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small village and a hamlet situated some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D50, D172 and the D10 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.
 Vestiges of a medieval fortification, the "Vieux Château".
 Another old château.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website about Gardefort

Communes of Cher (department)


Garigny () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, streams and farming comprising a village and a couple of hamlets situated some  east of Bourges, at the junction of the D81 and the D6 roads. The river Vauvise flows east through the northern part of the commune.

Population

Sights
 The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the twelfth century.
 Vestiges of Roman occupation at Vauvrille.
 The chateau of Doys, the seat of the Marquis de Rolland-Dalon.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Germigny-l’Exempt () is a commune in the central French department of Cher.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and a couple of hamlets situated by the banks of the small Luisant river some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of departmental routes D100, D15, D78, D43.

Population

Sights
 The twelfth-century church of Notre-Dame, with its exceptionally tall tower-porch, was built after the siege of 1108 by Louis VI the Fat as a symbol of the Capetian « Pax Dei ». The inconographic program of its inner portal of 1215 is inherited from the north porch of the west portal of two churches: Laon Cathedral and the abbey church in Saint-Gilles du Gard. The tympanum showing a Sedes Sapientiae is meant to celebrate the triumph of the Church (the Virgin being symbolic of the Church) upon heretics who reject the real presence in the eucharist.
 The chateau of Château-Renaud, dating from the seventeenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Bibliography

External links

Photographs of the commune

Communes of Cher (department)


Givardon () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the small Sagonin river some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D76 and the D34 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Pierre.
 The chateau of Alarde, dating from the fifteenth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Graçay () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
It is a farming area comprising the small town and several hamlets, on the right bank of the Fouzon river, situated some  southwest of Vierzon at the junction of the D68, D19, D83 and D922 roads. Junction 9 of the A20 autoroute lies within the territory of the commune.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the twelfth century.
 The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the nineteenth century.
 A dolmen known as the “Pierre Levée" or "Grosse Pierre" .
 Remains of medieval ramparts.
 The sixteenth-century chateau of Coulon.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official town website

Communes of Cher (department)


Groises () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising a small village and a couple of hamlets situated by the banks of the river Chantraine, some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D10, D44 and the D51 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the twelfth century.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Grossouvre () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A village of farming, forestry and a little light industry situated by the banks of both the Aubois river and the canal de Berry some  southeast of Bourges at the junction of the D76, D78 and the D920 roads.

Sights
 The nineteenth-century church of St. Pierre
 The chateau, built over a castle dating from the twelfth century
 The Espace Métal - Halle de Grossouvre museum of industry

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


La Groutte () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A small farming village situated by the banks of the Cher, some  south of Bourges, at the junction of the D139 and the D97 roads.

Population

Sights
 The Gallo-Roman archaeological site.
 The restored limekilns.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official commune website

Communes of Cher (department)


La Guerche-sur-l'Aubois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of farming and forestry comprising a small town and several hamlets situated by the banks of the river Aubois and the canal de Berry, some  southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D920 and the D975 roads.

Population

Sights
 Vestiges of Gallo-Roman occupation.
 Two watermills, at Faguin and l'Oie.
 The church of St. Etienne, dating from the twelfth century.
 An old ironworks.
 The fifteenth-century manorhouse at Chezelles.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

 Official commune website
 La Guerche on the ‘Stations vertes’ website

Communes of Cher (department)
Nivernais
La Guerche-sur-l'Aubois


Henrichemont (), formerly known as Boisbelle, is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. The village was created and named in honour of Henri IV in 1609 by Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully to be the capital of the principality of Boisbelle and possibly a refuge for the protestants of the region. The principality approximated to the territories of the former canton of Henrichemont. The hamlet of La Borne is home to a restored tradition of stoneware pottery, attracting world-renowned artists and writers to stay there. The village is one of the most popular small tourist attractions in France.

History

Beginnings
From ancient times, Boisbelle had been a sovereign allod. Under Roman law, an allod is a freehold with none of the constraints of feudal tenure. Being sovereign meant that the owner had the rights of a ruler and governed the territory in complete independence. The allod could make laws, administer justice and mint money.
The inhabitants of Boisbelle were free from any taxes or services and could not be conscripted into the armed forces, but were however subject to the requirements of the Roman Catholic Church.

Acquisition by Sully
On 31 August 1605, Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, a Protestant and a friend of King Henri IV since 1572, bought from the Duke of Nevers the title and lands of the principality of Boisbelle.

Challenges over status
As the French Treasury had challenged the tax-exempt position of Boisbelle, Sully obtained from Henri IV letters patent of 11 July 1606 and 27 October 1606 which confirmed its sovereign status and the immunity of its inhabitants. After further dispute with the provincial authorities over the gabelle salt tax, Henri IV issued further letters patent on 23 September 1608 declaring the people of Boisbelle free of all tax in perpetuity.

Foundation of the town of Henrichemont
Secure over the status of the principality, Sully decided to build a new capital, calling it Henrichemont in honour of the king. To lay out the town, he called on the civil engineer Claude Chastillon, while the design of the buildings was entrusted to the architect Salomon de Brosse. Planned as a grid, it was to have a Catholic church, a Protestant chapel, a secondary school, a market hall and an inn. The first stone was laid on 13 April 1609 on the central square, which was given the name of Béthune.

Assassination of Henri IV and collapse of project
On 14 May 1610, when Henri IV was assassinated, Sully lost his friend and protector. Rapidly, his offices were taken away and with them his income. Construction of his town slowed and the contractors fell into dispute with him. Work stopped in 1612 and lawsuits started, though in 1614 the archbishop of Bourges was able to consecrate the new church of St Laurent. In 1624, Sully was ordered by the court to pay the contractors and in 1636 the owners of the few private houses that had been built sold up at a loss.

Establishment of a mint
A mint to provide coinage for the principality was built and it operated from 1635 to 1656. The building still stands.

End of the principality
On 24 September 1766, the 7th Duke of Sully and last independent Prince ceded the principality to the Crown. It was integrated into France and the inhabitants lost all their privileges.

Geography
A forestry and farming village situated by the banks of the river Vernon, some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D12, D11, D20 and the D22 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Laurent, dating from the nineteenth century.
 Two museums of pottery at the hamlet of La Borne..
 A five-sided feudal motte.
 The “Maison de Sully”, an old house.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

An historical website
Ceramics centre of La Borne
The pottery museum website at La Borne
Official website of the Vassil Ivanoff museum
Personal weblog about La Borne

Communes of Cher (department)
Populated places established in 1609
1609 establishments in France
Berry, France


Humbligny () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A forestry and farming village situated some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D955 and the D44 roads. The village is the highest point in the northern part of the department and the source of two rivers, the Sauldre and Colin.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the thirteenth century.
 Houses dating from the 15th and 16th centuries.
A feudal motte.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Communes of Cher (department)


Ids-Saint-Roch is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the river Arnon about  south of Bourges at the junction of the D144, D70 and the D69 roads.

Population

Sights
 The thirteenth-century church of St. Martin.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Ignol () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated some  southeast of Bourges on the D43 road.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Julien, dating from the fourteenth century.
 The fifteenth-century chateau of Marcy.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Ineuil () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area comprising the village and several hamlets situated by the banks of the small river of the Lac de  la Lecherie, some  south of Bourges at the junction of the D144 and the D192 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Martin, dating from the twelfth century.
 The fifteenth-century chateau of Villiers.
 The motte of a feudal castle.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Communes of Cher (department)


Ivoy-le-Pré () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of lakes, forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the petite Sauldre river, about  north of Bourges at the junction of the D55, D12 and the D39 roads and on the D926.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Aignan, dating from the thirteenth century.
 The château d’Ivoy, dating from the seventeenth century.
 A disused watermill.

Personalities
 Nicolas Leblanc, chemist, was born here on December 6, 1742.
 Félix Millet, born here in 1844, was the inventor of an early motorbike, the motocyclette.
 Rémy Chauvin, biologist and entomologist lived here at the château in the 1990s.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Jalognes () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
A farming area, comprising the village and four hamlets situated by the banks of the river Bennelle, some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D10, D49 and the D52 roads. The river Chantraine flows through the commune's southern territory.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Madeleine, dating from the twelfth century.
 The castle of Pesselières, dating from the twelfth century.
 An ancient chapel at Chantereine.
 A watermill.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Website about Jalognes
Webpage about the history of Jalognes

Communes of Cher (department)


Jars is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming, comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the river Sauldre, some  northeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D923, D55 and the D47 roads.

Population

Sights

 The church of St. Aignan, dating from the fifteenth century.
 Traces of the castle of Nancray.
 An eighteenth-century house, the "Tisserands" and mill at the hamlet of Plansons-d'en-Bas.
 A fifteenth-century manorhouse with twin towers from an old gateway.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

External links

Official website of the commune

Communes of Cher (department)


Jouet-sur-l’Aubois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and a few hamlets situated by the banks of the rivers Aubois, Loire and the Loire lateral canal, some  east of Bourges at the junction of the D12, D26 and the D920 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. Germain, dating from the nineteenth century.
 The remains of a 12th-century chapel.
 A medieval motte.
 Some Gallo-Roman remains.
 An old disused factory and forge.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)


Jussy-Champagne () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Geography
Jussy-Champagne is an area of forestry and farming, comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the river Craon, some  southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D19, D15 and the D367 roads.

Population

Sights
 The church of St. André, dating from the twelfth century.
 A sixteenth-century chateau.
 A watermill.

See also
Communes of the Cher department

References

Communes of Cher (department)