Events from the year 2008 in Pakistan.

Incumbents

Federal government
President:
 until 18 August: Pervez Musharraf
 18 August-9 September: Muhammad Mian Soomro
 starting 9 September: Asif Ali Zardari
Prime Minister: Muhammad Mian Soomro (acting) (starting 16 November)
Chief Justice: Abdul Hameed Dogar (acting)

Governors
Governor of Balochistan – Owais Ahmed Ghani (until 5 January); Nawab Zulfikar Ali Magsi (starting 5 January)
Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Ali Jan Aurakzai (until 7 January); Owais Ahmed Ghani (starting 7 January)
Governor of Punjab – Khalid Maqbool (until 16 May); Salmaan Taseer (starting 16 May)
Governor of Sindh – Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan

Events

January
2 January – Pakistan announces that elections originally scheduled for 8 January will be postponed until the 18 February, following the assassination of Benazir Bhutto.
3 January – Benazir Bhutto assassination: President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf denies any role in Benazir Bhutto's death. (CNN)
11 January – Beginning of Islamic Hijri year 1429 First of Muharram on Friday 11 January 2008.
19 January - Saturday 9th of Muharram, Official holiday in Pakistan in memory of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain
20 January – Sunday 10th of Muharram, Ashura, an official holiday in Pakistan-In memory of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain
31 January – The United States announces that Abu Laith al-Libi, a senior commander of Al-Qaeda who recruited and trained operatives, was killed in a missile strike in northwest Pakistan

February
9 February – 15 People are killed in an election rally in Charsada.
11 February – Pakistan's ambassador to Afghanistan is believed to have been kidnapped by suspected pro-Taliban militants.
12 February – The Government of Pakistan steps up security for "fair, transparent and peaceful" elections scheduled for 18 February.
13 February – Pakistan test fires a nuclear capable short range ballistic missile.
Two suspects confessed to a judge that they helped to arm the suicide bomber who killed Bhutto.
14 February – Three soldiers are killed by a bomb explosion near Khair, Surabaja.
15 February – Pakistan announces the arrest of a fifth man in connection with the assassination of Benazir Bhutto.
Pakistan and India agree to double the number of flights between the two nations.
16 February – 37 people are killed in a bombing in the town of Parachinar at an election rally.
18 February – Elections take place in Pakistan.
19 February – Election results show that President Musharraf's party Pakistan Muslim League (Q) have received a heavy defeat.
21 February – Pakistan's two main opposition parties agree to form a coalition following the elections.
29 February – At least 45 people died and 82 were wounded in a suicide attack on the funeral February 29, 2008 of a district superintendent of police – killed earlier in the day in a separate attack – in Swat province.

March
22 March – The PPP nominate Yousaf Raza Gillani to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
25 March –  Yousaf Raza Gillani is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan.
24 March – Prime minister Gillani vows to free judges who were detained during emergency rule.
29 March – PM Gillani announces to the National Assembly that the fight against terrorism will be the top priority of the new government.

April
1 April –  The new government of Pakistan announces that it will rethink the policy on militants.
15 April – President Musharraf announces he is lobbying the Chinese government to build gas and oil pipelines.
16 April – The Olympic torch arrives in Pakistan.
19 April – Taliban rebels release a video of Pakistan's ambassador to Afghanistan who they are holding as a hostage.

May
12 May – PML (N) quits the cabinet, following the failure to restore judges.
16 May – Pakistan's Ambassador to Afghanistan, Tariq Azizuddin was set free by kidnappers.
17 May – Lawyers announced their plan for Long March to be held on 10 June, for the Restoration of Judges.

June
1 June – Sheikh Rasheed Ahmed left Pakistan Muslim League (Q) and formed his new Party, Awami Muslim League.
2 June – Car bomb attack near Denmark Embassy kills 8 people. .

July
6 July – A suicide bomber attacked a police station in Islamabad killing 12 policemen and seven civilians in a rally marking the first anniversary of Lal Masjid siege.

August
 12 August – First National Youth Awards conferred.
 18 August – President Pervez Musharraf, faced with the prospect of being impeached, resigns from the office of president.
 19 August – 32 people were killed while 55 injured in an attack in Dera Ismail Khan carried by Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan.
 23 August – At least 15 people were killed in a suicide attack at a police check post in Char Bagh area of Swat. Also, three persons including two kids were killed in a bomb blast in Abuha.

September
9 September – Asif Ali Zardari became 11th President of Pakistan
20 September – The Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing executed by unidentified terrorists kills 54 people and injures 266.

See also
2008 in Pakistani television
List of Pakistani films of 2008

References

Pakistan
Pakistan
2000s in Pakistan
Years of the 21st century in Pakistan


Guy Maurice Lux (21 June 1919 – 13 June 2003) was a French TV host and producer best known for his 1961 creation of the game show Intervilles and its numerous spinoffs. During his 40 year career, he produced, directed, hosted, and wrote more than 40 television shows.

Biography
Lux was born Guy Maurice Lux on 21 June 1919 in Paris, France, and had Alsatian ancestry. He attended Lycée Arago for high school then École Estienne for university. He studied fine arts and applied arts and studied to be a lyricist. In 1939, he joined the war effort as an ambulance driver but was taken prisoner by enemy troops. He escaped and joined the French Resistance and later the Allied troops. After the war, he was awarded the Escapees' Medal and a Croix de Guerre.

Due in part to the economic conditions in post-war France, Lux had difficulty finding buyers for his songs. In the 1940s, he ran a hardware store in Asnières-sur-Seine, where he would set up games for his customers to play, especially during the Tour de France. He did not start working in media until 1952.

Television career
Lux hosted his first game show, Contact, in 1960. This show would later become La roue tourne, which he hosted alongside Jean-Francois Chiappe and Marina Gray in 1960-1964. Another significant game show he hosted was Intervilles in 1962-1964, 1970-1971, 1973, and 1985-1991, almost the entire time with Léon Zitrone, Simone Garnier, and Claude Savarit. This show was based on the Italian programme Campanile sera and later inspired the British show It's a Knockout. He created and hosted the spinoffs Jeux sans frontières (all-Europe competition), Interneige (continuation of Jeux sans frontières), Intercontinents (international competition), Interglace (winter competitions), and Interchallenges. He also hosted Ring Parade and its sequel Système 2 and the popular variety show Le Schmilblick, which popularized the word schmilblick, similar to the English thingamajig. He created and produced the shows La Classe, La Une est à vous, Succès fous, Capitale d'un soir, and L'Or à l'appel as well.

Though he mainly worked with television, he appeared, oftentimes as a fictionalized version of himself, in several films, including Clémentine chérie (1964), Bang Bang (1967), Les fous du stade (1972), Comme sur des roulettes (1977), and Le bourreau des cœurs (1983). He also wrote and composed the song "A la queue leu leu" which was sung by André Bézu, and recorded a comedy song called "Le Tango d'Intervilles" with co-host Léon Zitrone. In 2021, Lux and Zitrone were featured in the documentary Les Duos mythiques de la television as one of France's legendary duos. He wrote and directed Drôles de zèbres in 1977 and in 1980 created his own production company, People Production.

He retired from his television career in 1993, due largely to his age and the new talent available elsewhere.

Personal life
Lux was known to enjoy betting on horses, so much so that there is now a race called Prix Guy Lux et Léon Zitrone held in Paris. Sophie Darel, with whom he worked for 15 years on a number of shows, described him as "very anxious" and angry because of it, though she still had affection for him since his violent outbursts lasted only briefly. In 1994, Lux started Pas d'enfants sans vacances (English: No child without vacation), which takes children from families who cannot afford vacations over the summer holidays to the beach and/or countryside.

Lux married Paulette Lisle in 1942 and the couple had two children: Christiane (1942-1964) and Michel (1943-present). Christiane died in a car accident in 1964 and Lux and his wife raised her 3-month old son, Jean-Christophe Lauduique, in her place. Jean-Christophe and actress Ariane Séguillon are parents to Dorian Lauduique of the French DJ duo Ofenbach. Jean-Christophe released music under the name Christophe Jenac in the 1980s.

Lux had at least two extramarital affairs during his marriage to Paulette, resulting in four illegitimate children, three of which he never publicly acknowledged. Pierre, Alexandra, and Anna Guillaud Lux Jacobs were all mothered by actress and TV host Vonny. He had another daughter, Laura-Charlotte, with actress Muriel Montossey. This was revealed following Laura-Charlotte's death on 26 May 1993 at 16 months old, when her death certificate, which included Lux's name, was published in newspapers and tabloids across France.

Lux died on 13 June 2003 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. He is buried in Saint-Gratien Cemetery in Val-d'Oise alongside his wife Paulette and daughter Christiane.

Selected filmography

Television

Film

References

1919 births
2003 deaths
Mass media people from Paris
French game show hosts
French television presenters
Alsatian people
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
French prisoners of war in World War II
French Resistance members


Ark Hill is a mountainous landform within the Sidlaw Hills in Angus, Scotland.  This location has been proposed as a windfarm for generating renewable electrical power.   Approximately two kilometres to the north is the village of Eassie noted for the presence of the Eassie Stone; this carved Pictish stone is dated prior to the Early Middle Ages.

See also
Eassie Stone
Glamis Castle
Wester Denoon

References

Mountains and hills of Angus, Scotland


The  were a pair of large armored cruisers (Sōkō jun'yōkan) built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century. Construction began during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and their design was influenced by the IJN's experiences during the war. The British development of the battlecruiser the year after  was completed made her and her sister ship  obsolete, as they were slower and more weakly armed than the British, and later German, ships. Despite this, they were reclassified in 1912 as battlecruisers by the IJN.

Both ships played a small role in World War I as they unsuccessfully hunted for the German East Asia Squadron in late 1914. They became training ships later in the war. Tsukuba was destroyed in an accidental magazine explosion in 1917 and subsequently scrapped. Her sister was disarmed in 1922 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty and broken up for scrap in 1924.

Background

About a month after the Russo-Japanese War began in February 1904, the Japanese Diet authorized a temporary special budget of ¥48,465,631 that would last until the end of the war. It included the 1904 War Naval Supplementary Program which authorized construction of two battleships and four armored cruisers, among other ships. Two of the latter became the Tsukuba-class cruisers which were ordered on 23 June.

Based on the experience at the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904 where the Russians opened fire at ranges well beyond what had been anticipated before the war, the IJN decided to arm the ships with  45-calibre (45 feet long barrel) guns, which outranged the 12" 40-calibre guns used by the Japanese battleships in the war. The increase in armament was also justified by a change in the IJN's doctrine for these ships in which they were now intended to participate in the line of battle and overpower the enemy's screening armored cruisers. The Tsukubas were "briefly the world's most powerful cruisers in service until the completion of the first true battlecruisers, the British ". They were also the first capital ships to be designed and constructed entirely by Japan in a Japanese shipyard.

This type of warships with speed of a cruiser and the firepower and protection armor of a battleship was advocated by First Sea Lord Jacky Fisher who coined the term 'battlecruiser' for the type in the UK later in 1908.

Design and description
The Tsukuba-class design was very similar to that of the British  armored cruiser, albeit some  larger. The Japanese ships were shorter and beamier, but shape of the hull and the positioning of the armament was almost identical, although the traditional ram bow was replaced by a clipper-style bow. The adoption of more powerful Miyabara water-tube boilers by the IJN allowed the number of boilers to be reduced from 30 in the British ships to 20 in the Tsukuba-class ships with no loss of power or speed. This reduced the length required for their propulsion machinery and allowed the larger guns and their ammunition to be accommodated.

The Tsukubas had an overall length of  and a length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a normal draft of about . They displaced  at normal load and  at full load. They had a metacentric height of  which made them bad gun platforms as they had a very quick roll. The crew numbered about 820 officers and enlisted men.

The Tsukuba-class ships had two 4-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft. Steam for the engines was provided by 20 Miyabara boilers with a working pressure of . The engines were rated at a total of  to give a designed speed of . During their sea trials the ships reached  from . The Tsukubas were first ships of the IJN to use fuel oil sprayed onto the coal for extra power and carried up to  of coal and  of oil.

Armament
The Tsukuba-class armored cruisers were armed with four 45-caliber 12-inch 41st Year Type guns. The guns were mounted in twin-gun hydraulically powered centerline turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. The guns had an elevation range of −3° to +23° and normally loaded their rounds at an angle of +5°, although loading at any angle up to +13° was theoretically possible. They fired  projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; this provided a maximum range of  with armor-piercing (AP) shells. Their secondary armament consisted of a dozen Elswick Ordnance Company "Pattern GG" 45-caliber  guns mounted in armored casemates on the middle and main decks. The eight guns on the middle deck were very close to the waterline and could not be used in bad weather. Their  AP shells were fired at a muzzle velocity of .

Close-range defense against torpedo boats consisted of twelve quick-firing (QF) 4.7-inch 41st Year Type guns. Four of these were mounted in casemates in the bow and stern, while the remaining guns were positioned on the upper deck and protected by gun shields. These guns fired  AP shells at a muzzle velocity of . The ships were also equipped with four 40-caliber QF 12-pounder 12-cwt guns. The  gun fired  projectiles at a muzzle velocity of . The Tsukuba-class ships were equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes, one on each broadside, and one in the stern. All of the tubes in Tsukuba, and the stern tube in Ikoma, were  in diameter. The broadside tubes in Ikoma, however, were  in size.

Armor
In order to keep the displacement down and the speed the same as in the earlier armored cruisers, armor in the Tsukuba class was about the same in thickness, although in an improved layout. The waterline armor belt of Krupp cemented armor was  thick between the 12-inch gun turrets although it was only  thick fore and aft of the turrets. Above it was a strake of  armor that extended between the barbettes and protected the 6-inch casemates. The aft ends of the main armor belt were connected to the main gun barbettes by  transverse bulkheads. The lack of a forward bulkhead and the thinness of the aft bulkhead were serious weaknesses in the ships' protection.

The front of the main gun turrets were protected by armor plates  thick, the sides by  plates and they had a  roof. The main barbettes were protected by seven inches of armour. The thickness of the armored decks ranged in thickness from 1.5 inches on the flat and at the ends of the ship to  on the slope of the deck. The sides of the forward conning tower were  thick and it had a 3-inch roof.

Ships in class

Construction and service
The Yokosuka Naval Arsenal had the most experience in building warships, but the IJN feared a bombardment by the Russian 2nd and 3rd Pacific Squadrons then en route from the Baltic Sea and decided to build the Tsukubas at the less-exposed Kure Naval Arsenal, even though Kure's experience was with ship repair and conversions. This meant that skilled workers had to be brought from Yokosuka to train the workforce at Kure in construction techniques. Tsukuba was laid down after the newly constructed Slipway No. 3 was completed in November 1904 and Ikoma followed once the extension of Slipway No. 2 was finished. These ships were over three times larger than the biggest ship previously built in Japan, the  protected cruiser . Priority of effort was given to the building of Tsukuba and she was completed in a very creditable two years. Ikoma took an additional year to finish as the end of the war shortly after she was laid down reduced the pressure to complete her as fast as possible. In addition, her slipway initially lacked any cranes or derricks to lift heavy material until electrically powered steel shearleg derricks were improvised. Construction of both ships was somewhat delayed by difficulties in procuring enough steel plates and rivets; quantities of both had to be imported from the United States.

Possibly due to the speed at which she was constructed, Tsukuba reportedly suffered from numerous defects. Shortly after she was completed, the ship sailed for America where she participated in the Jamestown Exposition Naval Review in May–June 1907. The ship then sailed to Europe where she made numerous port visits over the next several months. While in Britain, Tsukuba was fitted with a Vickers fire-control system that calculated the firing data for each gun and with which the gunnery officer fired the guns in unison. Ikoma visited England in July 1910 as part of the Japan–British Exhibition.

The Tsukuba-class ships were reclassified as battlecruisers in 1912. Around 1913–14, the main deck 6-inch guns were removed and six were reinstalled on the upper deck where they replaced four 4.7-inch guns. This gave them a total of ten 6-inch and eight 4.7-inch guns. Shortly after the beginning of World War I in August 1914, Tsukuba was assigned to the 1st South Seas Squadron that searched for the East Asia Squadron in the German-owned islands in the Central Pacific. On 7 October, a landing party from the ship occupied Ponape in the Caroline Islands. Ikoma joined the squadron in November, shortly before it moved to Fiji in December. Tsukuba was assigned as a gunnery training ship in 1916. By 1917, both ships were assigned to the 2nd Division and Tsukuba was sunk by a magazine explosion on 14 January with the loss of 305 crewmen; her wreck was later salvaged and scrapped.

Ikoma became a gunnery training ship in her turn in 1918 and her armament was augmented by a pair of 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type anti-aircraft (AA) guns the following year. She was re-rated back to first-class cruiser in 1921 and disarmed in 1922 to fulfill the requirements of the Washington Naval Treaty. The ship was broken up in November 1924.

Notes

Footnotes

References

Cruiser classes


Kyl or KYL may refer to:

 John Henry Kyl (1919–2002), U.S. politician
 Jon Kyl (born 1942), former U.S. politician
 Kauppakorkeakoulun Ylioppilaskunnan Laulajat, a men's choir

See also

 Kyhl
 Kyle (disambiguation)
 Kyll


The 2008 IRB Junior World Championship was the first annual international rugby union competition for Under 20 national teams. All players who were twenty years of age or under on 1 January 2008 were eligible for selection.

This competition replaced the now defunct Under 19 Rugby World Championship and Under 21 Rugby World Championship. The event, organised by rugby's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB), was contested by sixteen men's under-20 national teams.

The tournament was held in June and hosted by Wales, at four separate venues, and won by New Zealand.

Venues

Calendar

Pools

Pool A
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|Tries
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|BP
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||25||173||19||+154||3||15
|- bgcolor=#ffffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||6||47||69||–32||1||9
|- bgcolor=#ffcccc align=center
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||6||64||109||–45||1||5
|- align=center
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||3||46||123||–77||0||0
|}

Pool B
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|Tries
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|BP
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||27||196||32||+164||2||14
|- bgcolor=#ffffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||7||60||39||+21||1||9
|- bgcolor=#ffcccc align=center
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||8||61||115||–54||1||5
|- align=center
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||3||38||169||–131||0||0
|}

Pool C
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|Tries
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|BP
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||17||119||48||+71||2||14
|- bgcolor=#ffffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||27||147||47||+100||3||11
|- bgcolor=#ffcccc align=center
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||5||47||151||–104||0||4
|- align=center
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||4||44||111||–67||1||1
|}

Pool D
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=165|Team
!width=40|Played
!width=40|Won
!width=40|Drawn
!width=40|Lost
!width=40|Tries
!width=40|For
!width=40|Against
!width=40|Difference
!width=40|BP
!width=40|Points
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||3||0||0||11||85||39||+46||2||14
|- bgcolor=#ffffcc align=center
|align=left|
|3||2||0||1||13||104||54||+50||3||11
|- bgcolor=#ffcccc align=center
|align=left|
|3||1||0||2||4||48||81||–33||0||4
|- align=center
|align=left|
|3||0||0||3||7||47||110||–63||1||1
|}

Knockout stage

13th-16th Places Playoffs

9th-12th Place Playoffs

5th-8th Places Playoffs

1st place playoffs

Semi-finals

3rd place playoffs

Final

See also

2008 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy

External links
Official website

2008
2008 rugby union tournaments for national teams
2007–08 in Welsh rugby union
International rugby union competitions hosted by Wales
2008 in youth sport


"Rock My Heart" is a song by Trinidadian-German musician Haddaway, released in March 1994 as the fourth and final single from his debut album, The Album (1993). It was written and produced by Dee Dee Halligan and Junior Torello. Like the previous single "I Miss You", the song was a hit in several countries, particularly in the UK, Germany, Finland, Switzerland, Ireland and Belgium, where it reached the top 10. In Israel, it peaked at number one for two weeks. "Rock My Heart" shot into the Eurochart Hot 100 at number 17 on 9 April 1994 and peaked at seven four weeks later.

Critical reception
AllMusic editor Jose F. Promis wrote that "Rock My Heart" "shine just as brightly" as "What Is Love" and "Life". A reviewer from Billboard deemed the song "among the most potent offerings" from the album. Pan-European magazine Music & Media noted that "escorted by his steady female background singers, Haddaway bounces like a pinball wizard on a synthesiser trampoline." Alan Jones from Music Week gave it four out of five, writing, "This busy bounder is more akin to the happy house style of "What Is Love" and "Life", though with some Cappella-like synth phrases. As with all Haddaway songs, it's more contagious than the common cold." Dele Fadele from NME felt it "is not a patch" on "What Is Love", remarking that the rhythm "sports some 2 Unlimited lifts", and concluding that "you get the feeling that he'll be around to bother you for a while yet." The Reading Evening Post called the song "effervescent", adding that it "should follow his others into the charts". They also wrote that "he undeniably has a way with this sort of repetitive Euro synth pop." James Hamilton from the Record Mirror Dance Update declared it as a "typically cheesy 130bpm Euro galloper".

Chart performance
"Rock My Heart" was a sizeable hit all over Europe, entering the top 10 in Belgium (5), Denmark (10), Finland (4), Germany (10), Ireland (9), Scotland (6), Switzerland (10) and the United Kingdom. In the latter, the single peaked at number nine on 10 April 1994, during its third week at the UK Singles Chart, spending two weeks at that position. On the UK Dance Singles Chart, it reached number eight. Additionally, it was a top 20 hit in Austria (12), France (11), Iceland (13), the Netherlands (12), Spain (11) and Sweden (17). While in Italy, the song was a top 30 hit, peaking at number 21. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "Rock My Heart" climbed to number seven in May 1994, after having debuted as number 17 on the chart. Outside Europe, the song peaked at number-one in Israel, with two weeks at the top. It also reached number seven on the Canadian RPM Dance/Urban chart, number 25 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart, number 43 in New Zealand and number 83 in Australia.

Airplay
"Rock My Heart" entered the European airplay chart Border Breakers at number 16 on 26 March 1994 due to crossover airplay in West Central-, West-, North West- and South-Europe. It peaked at the third position on 23 April.

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Rock My Heart" features Haddaway in a desert-like setting along with backing singer Natascha Wright, who has also worked with DJ BoBo and La Bouche. She appears like a tall tree-like creature with her hair looking like twigs. In between, dancers painted in gold and silver performs. Haddaway also performs choreography with them in some scenes. The video received heavy rotation on MTV Europe and was A-listed on Germany's VIVA.

Track listings

 7-inch single
"Rock My Heart" (radio mix) – 3:57
"Rock My Heart" (album mix) – 4:16

 12-inch single
"Rock My Heart" (extended mix) – 5:58
"Rock My Heart" (radio mix) – 4:08
"Rock My Heart" (Celebration mix) – 5:48
"Rock My Heart" (Trime'N Delgado club mix) – 5:43

 CD single
 "Rock My Heart" (radio mix) – 3:57
 "Rock My Heart" (extended mix) – 5:55

 CD maxi
 "Rock My Heart" (radio mix) – 3:57
 "Rock My Heart" (extended mix) – 5:55
 "Rock My Heart" (Celebration mix) – 5:58
 "Rock My Heart" (Trime'n Delgado club mix) – 5:56

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

1994 singles
1993 songs
English-language German songs
Eurodance songs
Haddaway songs
Logic Records singles
Number-one singles in Israel
Songs about dancing
Songs about music
Songs written by Tony Hendrik


Ma. Elenita Milagros Ramos Ermita-Buhain (born May 12, 1969), more commonly known as Eileen Ermita-Buhain, is a Filipino politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 1st district of Batangas from 2013 to 2022 and previously from 2001 to 2010. She is a member of the Nacionalista Party.

Ermita-Buhain is married to the swimmer and former Olympian Eric Buhain, incumbent representative of the 1st district of Batangas and former chairman of the Games and Amusement Board. She is the daughter of Eduardo Ermita, who served as the Executive Secretary under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo from 2004 to 2010.

References

People from Batangas
De La Salle University alumni
1969 births
Living people
Lakas–CMD (1991) politicians
Lakas–CMD politicians
Nacionalista Party politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Batangas
Women members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines


The 71st Regiment of Foot was a British Army regiment of infantry raised in 1775, during the American Revolutionary War and unofficially known as Fraser's Highlanders. It was disbanded in 1786.

History

Formation

The regiment was raised at Inverness, Stirling, and Glasgow by Lieutenant-General Simon Fraser of Lovat as the 71st Regiment of Foot in 1775. It was intended for service in the American Revolutionary War and was well-received in Glasgow:

The regiment embarked for North America in April 1776. During the journey some of the troops of the Cameron clan mutinied when they heard they would not be commanded by Captain Cameron of Lochiel but settled down when they heard that their commander was Captain Cameron of Fassifern. The ship arrived in New York City in July 1776 and the regiment was attacked by American troops on arrival at Boston Harbor.

Operations
The 71st Regiment of Foot joined General William Howe at Staten Island and was ordered into combat almost immediately. The grenadiers were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Charles Stewart and the other companies were placed under the command of Brigadier Sir William Erskine. The regiment first saw action at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776; the British forces were successful and only three soldiers from the regiment were killed and only 11 wounded.

The next operation for the 71st Regiment was at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 followed by the Battle of Fort Lee later that month. The regiment went on to take part in the Philadelphia Campaign and saw action at the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777. A detachment of 71st Regiment under Captain Colin MacKenzie supported General John Burgoyne's operations along the Hudson River including the capture of Forts Clinton and Montgomery in October 1777.

The regiment also took part in actions in the Southern theatre and fought under Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell at the Capture of Savannah in December 1778. At Savannah, Campbell ordered Sir James Baird to take a group of infantry and flank the Americans, while he arrayed his troops just out of view: the Americans were unaware they had been flanked, were routed and abandoned the city. The regiment, now under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Maitland, went on take part in the Battle of Brier Creek in March 1779; at Brier Creek the 1st Battalion of the regiment attacked the Americans at the front while the 2nd Battalion attacked them from the rear: again the Americans were routed.

After that the regiment took part in the Siege of Savannah in September 1779: during this action the regiment successfully defended the city. The regiment was also present at the Siege of Charleston in March 1780, the Battle of Camden in August 1780 and the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781. It next fought at the Battle of Guilford Court House in March 1781 where one officer of the 71st Regiment claimed that "one half of the Highlanders dropped on that spot." The regiment's last action was at the Siege of Yorktown in September 1781.

Reorganisation
On 30 April 1782, the War Office notified Sir Guy Carleton, Commander in Chief of British forces in North America, that due to the death of Lieutenant General Fraser, the two battalions of the 71st were to be formed into two distinct units, the 71st Regiment under the command of Colonel Thomas Stirling of the 42nd Regiment, and the Second 71st Regiment under the command of the Earl of Balcarres who was appointed a Lieutenant Colonel Commandant. The latter unit was to be augmented by recruits to be raised in the Highlands of Scotland. All private men currently serving in both battalions in America, whether prisoners of war or not, were to be appointed to the new 71st Regiment, as were additional companies at Newfoundland, while additional companies in Britain were to be attached to the Second 71st. The newly organized 71st, consisting of 12 companies, was to continue in service in America, while the commissioned and non-commissioned officers of the Second 71st were to set sail for Britain at the first opportunity.

The two new 71st companies remained in South Carolina until the final evacuation of Charleston on 18 December 1782. The officers of the Second 71st set sail for England in the 203-ton ship Moor, while the remaining men of the 71st Regiment, numbering only 189, were to sail on the 319-ton ship Sally bound for Jamaica. Some of the ships leaving Charleston were bound for St. Augustine, Florida, and it appears likely that at least one member of the 71st was shipwrecked at that port, as archaeologists from the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program have discovered a pewter button from a 71st Regiment uniform on a shipwreck site that appears to date to the 1782 evacuation of Charleston. The regiment was disbanded in Scotland in 1786.

Uniform

The regiment wore trews bearing a standard military tartan officially known as 'Government' but more commonly called "Black Watch" today. Accoutrements included a cartridge box worn around the stomach.

Colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:

71st Regiment of (Highland) Foot (Fraser's Highlanders) (1775–1786)
1775–1782: Lt-Gen. Hon. Simon Fraser of Lovat
1782–1783: Gen. Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres

See also
78th Fraser Highlanders, an earlier regiment also raised by Simon Fraser of Lovat but for the French and Indian War

References

Sources

71
71
Regiment of Foot, 71st


Tom Mannion is a Scottish actor.

His television credits include Brookside, Up the Garden Path, The Bill, Boon, Cadfael, Doctor Finlay, Doctors, Eleventh Hour, Holby City, Roman Mysteries, Hustle, Life on Mars, Midsomer Murders, New Tricks, Red Cap, Secret Diary of a Call Girl, Spatz, Taggart, The Agatha Christie Hour, The Chief, The Royal, and Wycliffe.  He has recently been in the BBC TV series Lip Service, Moving On and Inside Men. In 2016, he starred in Mr Selfridge.

His film credits include Brothers, Beyond the Sea, Iris, Beautiful Creatures and Croupier as Detective Inspector Ross.

In 2011–12, he went on tour throughout the UK, playing Inspector Goole, in Stephen Daldry's production of An Inspector Calls.

In December 2012 he joined the cast of Emmerdale as horse trainer Steve Harland. He made his final appearance in the soap on 11 September 2013.

Filmography
That Sinking Feeling (1979) - The Doctor
Return of the Jedi (1983) - Commander Merrejk (Star Destroyer Captain #2)
Croupier (1998) - Ross
Beautiful Creatures (2000) - Brian McMinn
Iris (2001) - Neurologist
Brothers (2004) - Miles
Beyond the Sea (2004) - Movie Set Reporter
Centurion (2010) - General Tesio
F (2010) - Gary
Waterboys (2016) - James The Victim 2019

Selected theatre
 Patrick Nauldie  in American Bagpipes by Iain Heggie. World premiere directed by Casper Wrede at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. (1988)
 Dexter Haven in The Philadelphia Story by Philip Barry. Directed by Josephine Abady at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. (1996)
 Thomas Armstrong in An Experiment with an Airpump by Shelagh Stephenson. World premiere directed by Matthew Lloyd at the Royal Exchange, Manchester.  (1998)
 Antony in Antony and Cleopatra. Directed by Braham Murray at the Royal Exchange, Manchester. (2005)

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Scottish male television actors
Scottish male film actors


Richard Thomas Buck (born 14 November 1986 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire) is a former British sprinter who specialised in the 400 metres event. He is from York, and trains in Loughborough. Buck's current club is City of York A.C. (formerly Nestlé York A.C). Previously, he had an 18-month spell at Scarborough A.C. He has been trained by his grandfather, Geoff Barraclough, and is now coached by Nick Dakin.

Career

After competing in basketball and high jump at Lady Lumley's School, Pickering, Buck took up sprinting at the age of 15. He quickly took to the sport, and was the fastest 400 m sprinter in his age group after two years. This form brought him to the attention of the national selectors, and he was selected to compete as England's only 400 m representative at the 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, in Bendigo, Australia, where he won a bronze medal.

He came to national attention during the 2007 season, being selected to represent Great Britain at both the World Student Games and as part of the relay squad at the 2007 World Athletics Championships in Osaka.

His 2008 indoor season started well, with a win at the Norwich Union international match in Glasgow the 400 m, helping to secure a win for Great Britain.  He also won the 400 m event at the World Indoor trials and National Championships in Sheffield and competed in the semi-finals of the 2008 World Indoor Championships.

In 2010, Buck made the semi-finals of the World Indoor Championships in Doha and won a Bronze medal with the GB 4×400 m team. He was also a part of the Silver medal-winning team at the European Athletics Championships in Barcelona. An ongoing Achilles tendon injury ruled Buck out of the Commonwealth Games in Delhi.

Buck had arguably his most successful year in 2011 where he took the bronze medal at the European indoor championships along with silver in the 4×400 m. Buck's outdoor season also opened well; Buck clocked a personal best time of 45.99 seconds in his first race.

Buck was selected in the World Championship 4×400 m squad and travelled with the team but did not race.

Buck was dropped from funding at the end of a 2011 season along with other big name athletes such as Kelly Sotherton. Seeking ways to fund his Olympic ambitions, Buck works part-time at a supermarket whilst juggling a heavy training schedule. Following an appearance on the ITV Yorkshire news programme Calendar, where he discussed his loss of funding, an anonymous donor sent Buck a cheque for £10,000. Buck clocked a lifetime best of 45.88 (indoors) in the national race at the Aviva Birmingham Grand Prix.

Olympics

Buck was selected to represent Great Britain at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the 4 × 400 metres relay event but a virus interrupted his training and he never competed in Beijing with the squad. However, Buck was spurred on by the disappointment and came back highly motivated. At the beginning of the 2009 season, Buck finished a close second behind Tyler Christopher at the Aviva International in Birmingham. He set a new indoor best of 46.22 s, which was the fourth-fastest European time at that point in the season. This boded well for the 2009 European Indoor Championships but he was disappointed with fifth place in the 400 m finals, finishing in 46.93 s. However, he claimed the silver medal as part of Britain's 4 × 400 metres relay team with a time of 3:07.04. Following the competition, he suffered a knee injury which ruled him out of competition for six weeks.

Buck was part of the Olympics competing for Team GB in the 4×400 m relay at the 2012 London Olympic Games.

Retirement

In July 2015 Buck announced that he was retiring from athletics to pursue a career as an actor, after accepting a place on a master's degree course at Birmingham School of Acting commencing that September.

Buck ran his final race in St Peter Port, Guernsey at the Intertrust Anniversary Games, winning ahead of current GB Junior Cameron Chalmers.

Personal bests

All information taken from IAAF profile

References

External links

BOA profile for Richard Buck

1986 births
Living people
English male sprinters
Sportspeople from Grimsby
Sportspeople from York
Sportspeople from Leeds
People from North Ferriby
Alumni of Leeds Beckett University
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists


Joaquín del Palacio (Kindel) was a Spanish photographer who was born in Madrid in 1905 and died in Madrid in 1989. He changed his name to Kindel to adapt to the foreign names that were starting to work in Spain and so look modern too: KIN came from Joaquín and DEL was for the beginning of his last name. For him, taking pictures was "just a matter of look and shoot when he saw something he liked. And light, rather than technique".

Photography
He did most of his work between 1940 and 1970. He started in 1939, taking pictures of devastated regions of Spain after the Spanish Civil War had finished. Those pictures were social and dramatic scenes according to that period of time.

Later, he began to travel around Spain working for the "Dirección General de Turismo" (General Tourism Office). He took pictures of people and landscapes of Spain in the 1950s. This was a kinder image of the reality.

Then he started working for the "Colegio de Arquitectos" (Architecture School) with pictures of buildings made by architects like Luis Martínez-Feduchi, Alejandro de la Sota and Josep Antoni Coderch. He also took pictures of the interior of the buildings.

He was a master of photography that was able to capture the correct natural light for each image.

Further reading
"Joaquín del Palacio. Fotografía de Arquitectura" by Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid (COAM). Madrid 2007.
"Sorpresas de España" by Federico Muelas. Pictures by Kindel.

External links
Colección Joaquín Díaz
Photoespaña
Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid

References

Spanish photographers
1905 births
1989 deaths
People from Madrid


Shiv Shankar Prasad Chawrasia (born 15 May 1978), commonly known as S.S.P. Chawrasia, is an Indian professional golfer. Since 2008 he has won six Asian Tour events, four of which were co-sanctioned by the European Tour. He has had particular success in the Hero Indian Open where he was runner-up in 1999, 2006, 2013 and 2015 and winner in 2016 and 2017. Nearly all his success has been in India; his only win outside India being the 2016 Resorts World Manila Masters. At the end of the 2014 season he asked the Asian Tour to change the spelling of his last name, previously Chowrasia, to Chawrasia, the spelling that is on his passport.

Early life
Chawrasia's father worked as the greenskeeper at the Royal Calcutta Golf Club in Kolkata, India. It was at this golf course that Chawrasia picked up golf at the age of 10. The self-taught golfer is nicknamed "Chip-putt-sia" because of his short game.

Professional career
Before entering professional golf, he was a caddie for a few years. After entering professional golf in 1997, his earnings at the end of 1998 were $1,220. Chawrasia finished second to Arjun Atwal in the 1999 Indian Open held at the Royal Calcutta Golf Club.

He joined the Asian Tour in 2006 after making steady progress in India with cumulative earnings being $36,983 along with eight Indian Tour titles.

His first season in the Asian Tour had a good opening event in the Pakistan Open, top-20 finishes in Philippine Open and in China. This was followed up with a top-10 finish at Bangkok Airways Open. At the Mercuries Masters in Taiwan, he led the field by five shots at the halfway mark, but was disqualified for forgetting to sign his scorecard. At the 2006 Hero Honda Indian Open, he narrowly missed out on winning the title. The title that won by Jyoti Randhawa, was decided by a play-off. He ended 2006 with a tenth place in Volvo Masters.

After being one stroke behind the leader on the opening day of the 2007 Malaysian Open, he lost ground and ended up finishing tied for 16th at the end of the tournament. His Asian Tour ranking improved from 38 in 2006 to 32 in 2007.

In February 2008, he won the inaugural Indian Masters, which was a part of the 2008 European Tour. The event, which he won with a score of nine under par, earned him £239,705, which doubled his earnings over the past decade. He was the only player to achieve sub-par rounds on all four days in this, the biggest golf event in India. Chawrasia, ranked 388 in the world before the tournament, obtained a two-year exemption on the European Tour. After Jeev Milkha Singh and Arjun Atwal, he became the third Indian golfer to win on the European Tour. Shortly after his victory, not only was he ranked 161 in the Official World Golf Ranking, but also he topped the Asian Tour Order of Merit.

In February 2011, Chawrasia won his second Asian Tour event, the Avantha Masters in New Delhi. Since then he has won the Panasonic Open India in 2014, the Hero Indian Open and the Resorts World Manila Masters in 2016 and the Hero Indian Open for the second time in 2017.

Chawrasia qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics as the second highest ranked Indian player, representing India along with Anirban Lahiri.

Awards
In August 2017, he was awarded the Arjuna Award by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.

Professional wins (18)

European Tour wins (4)

*Note: The European Tour considers the Avantha Masters to be a continuation of the Emaar-MGF Indian Masters, however the Asian Tour does not share this view.
1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour

European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Asian Tour wins (6)

1Co-sanctioned by the European Tour
2Co-sanctioned by the Professional Golf Tour of India

Asian Tour playoff record (2–2)

Professional Golf Tour of India wins (4)

1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour

PGA of India Tour wins (9)
2001 Singhania Open
2003 HT Pro Golf, Tata Open, Hero Honda Open, NGC Open
2005 Singhania Open, Tata Open
2006 Singhania Open, Hindu Open

Results in World Golf Championships
Results not in chronological order before 2015.

"T" = Tied
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

Team appearances
Professional
EurAsia Cup (representing Asia): 2016, 2018
World Cup (representing India): 2016

See also
2019 European Tour Qualifying School graduates
List of golfers with most Asian Tour wins

References

External links

Indian male golfers
European Tour golfers
Asian Tour golfers
Olympic golfers for India
Golfers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Golfers from West Bengal
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Sportspeople from Kolkata
Golfers at the 2022 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for India
1978 births
Living people


Frank Weston  (1871–1924) was the Anglican Bishop of Zanzibar from 1907 until his death 16 years later.

Life and ministry
Frank Weston was born on 13 September 1871 in South London, the fourth son and fifth child of a tea broker. Born into a clerical family — and his nephew became Frank Weston (Bishop of Knaresborough) — he was educated at Dulwich College and Trinity College, Oxford, where he obtained a first-class honours degree in theology in 1893. He was ordained a deacon by John Festing, Bishop of St Albans, in 1894 and was ordained a priest in 1895. After serving at the Trinity College Mission in Stratford-atte-Bow in the East End of London from 1894 to 1896, he served at St Matthew's, Westminster, from 1896 to 1898. Weston had earlier applied to join the Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) but had been turned down because of poor health. When Archdeacon Woodward of the UMCA came to stay at St Matthew's he encouraged Weston to apply again, this time his health was good enough for the missions. He was to spend the rest of his life in Zanzibar, where, after initially saying of his command of Swahili that "my grammar is bad and my vocabulary is very poor, but my nerve is immense", he eventually "learned to think in Swahili".

A staunch Anglo-Catholic, Weston was the chaplain and then principal of St Andrew's College, additionally serving as chancellor of Zanzibar Cathedral from 1904 to 1908, before being ordained to the episcopate in 1908. He was consecrated bishop in Southwark Cathedral on 18 October the same year. Under his auspices, a Swahili edition of the Book of Common Prayer for use in Zanzibar was issued in 1919.

Weston delivered the concluding address of the Second Anglo-Catholic Congress of 1923, in which he urged the participants to "Go out and look for Jesus in the ragged, in the naked, in the oppressed and sweated, in those who have lost hope, in those who are struggling to make good. Look for Jesus. And when you see him, gird yourselves with his towel and try to wash their feet."

Weston made the following impression on those who attended the congress at the Royal Albert Hall:

Already known within the church as a man of principle, he was involved in one of the deepest disputes within the Anglican Communion. It stemmed from a conference at Kikuyu where representatives from many Christian churches in East Africa, mainly in the more evangelical Anglican dioceses of Mombasa and Uganda, discussed how to repel the perceived threat from non-Christian groups. The consensus seemed to be that a loose alliance of different groups (Methodist, Presbyterian etc.) was the best way of moving forward, which would have involved measures such as the "exchange of pulpits" and the admission of non-Anglicans to communion in Anglican churches. During the Kikuyu controversy, Weston accused the proponents, such as William Peel, the Bishop of Mombasa, of heresy. A report by the Archbishop's Commission later prohibited Anglicans from receiving Nonconformist sacraments, while stating that it was acceptable in exceptional circumstances for Nonconformists to receive communion in an Anglican church.

Weston wrote two particularly notable pamphlets. "The Black Slaves of Prussia" is an open letter to General Smuts inveighing against proposals to hand territory to the post-war German Empire and the consequences in particular on those who had fought for the British. "The Serfs of Great Britain" was about bad treatment of Africans by the British.

In the First World War, Weston served with distinction during the conflict, being Mentioned in Despatches in 1916 and awarded an OBE for his role as a major commanding the Zanzibar Carrier Corps.  The post-war years saw him become increasingly influential and he died on 2 November 1924 (All Souls' Day), aged 53, from a carbuncle. A letter of condolence from "The Native Roman Catholic Christians of Zanzibar" reads

Preaching at Weston's former church on the centenary of his birth, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Michael Ramsey said

Works
The Holy Sacrifice: A Short Manual of Worship and Prayer for use at the Holy Communion Service (London: Methuen and Co., 1898)
Sarufi Ya Kiswahili cha unguja (Zanzibar: Universities Mission Press, 1903)
Are Missions Needed? Four Answers Given and One Question Asked (London: Universities Mission to Central Africa, 1904)
The One Christ: An Enquiry into the Manner of the Incarnation (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907)
Ecclesia Anglicana, for what does she stand? An Open Letter to the Right Rev. Father in God, Edgar, Lord Bishop of St. Albans (Edgar Jacob) (London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1913)
In His Will: retreat addresses. London: S.P.C.K., 1922 (privately printed for Community of the Sacred Passion 1914) (see also 1926 & 1930)
Proposals for a Central Missionary Council of Episcopal and Non-Episcopal Churches in East Africa (London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1914)
The One Christ: An Enquiry into the Manner of the Incarnation (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1914)
The Case Against Kikuyu: A Study in Vital Principles (London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1914)
Kitabu cha Elimu ya Dini, with Samwil Sehoza (Zanzibar: Universities Mission to Central Africa Press, 1914)
The Fulness of Christ: An Essay (London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1916)
The Black Slaves of Prussia: An Open Letter Addressed to General Smuts (London: Universities Mission to Central Africa, 1918). Published in Portuguese as Os Escravos Negros da Prussia (Lisbon: Bureau da Imprensa Britanica, 1918)
Conquering and to Conquer (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1918)
God with Us: The Meaning of the Tabernacle (London: Mowbray, 1918)
The Christ and His Critics: An Open Pastoral Letter to the European Missionaries of his Diocese (London: Mowbray, 1919)
The Serfs of Great Britain (London: W. Knott, 1920)
The Revelation of Eternal Love: Christianity Stated in Terms of Love (London: Mowbray, 1920)
Lambeth and Reunion: An Interpretation of the Mind of the Lambeth Conference of 1920, with Frank Theodore Woods and Martin Linton Smith (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1921).
In Defence of the English Catholic (London: Mowbray, 1923)
In His Will: Retreat Addresses (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1922, reprinted 1926)
School of Sanctity: Retreat Addresses (London: Mowbray, 1926)
Retreat Addresses (London: Community of the Sacred Passion, 1930)

References

Bibliography
 Frank Weston, by Christopher Byaruhanga
 Frank, Bishop of Zanzibar, by H. Maynard Smith, 1926, London: SPCK (2nd ed. 1928)
 A short life of Frank Weston, Bishop of Zanzibar, by Dora C. Abdy, SPCK

External links

 Documents by and about Weston from Project Canterbury
 Dictionary of African Christian Biography: Weston, Frank, 1871–1924, by Christopher Byaruhanga

1871 births
1924 deaths
People educated at Dulwich College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Anglo-Catholic bishops
Anglican bishops of Zanzibar
British Anglo-Catholics
Anglo-Catholic missionaries
Anglo-Catholic writers
Anglo-Catholic socialists
English Christian socialists


Kindel is the surname of the following people

Charlie Kindel, American tech executive
George John Kindel (1855-1930), American politician
Steve Kindel (born in 1977), Canadian soccer player

Pseudonym
Joaquín del Palacio (Kindel) (1905-1989), Spanish photographer

See also
Steve Kindel, historic automobile showroom in Pasadena, California


David Burns (born 12 November 1958 in Liverpool) is a former English footballer. He played in The Football League for Chester.

Playing career
Burns was a product of the Chester youth policy and broke into the first-team in the closing stages of the 1976–77 season, making his debut in a 2–1 defeat to Chesterfield on 23 April 1977 in the number 11 shirt. The campaign ended with Burns on target against Port Vale in the final of the Debenhams Cup, helping Chester to a 4–3 aggregate victory.

Despite this early success, Burns struggled to establish himself in the Chester first-team ranks and had to wait until 1980–81 before he made more than 10 league appearances in a season. His most productive season was 1981–82 when he played 32 games at either full back or on the left wing. However, at the end of the season Burns dropped out of The Football League and was signed by former teammate John Cottam at Scarborough.

Burns spent one season playing for the Seadogs in the Alliance Premier League, making 20 appearances as Scarborough finished ninth in the table.

Honours

Chester City

1976–1977: Debenhams Cup winners.

External links
Article on Ipswich v. Chester in 1980 and team picture including David Burns

References

1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Liverpool
English men's footballers
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football wingers
Chester City F.C. players
Scarborough F.C. players


Marshyntsi (; ) is one of the Romanian-speaking villages of the Chernivtsi Raion (district) of Chernivtsi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine (the historical region of Bessarabia). It belongs to Novoselytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The first written mention of this village dates back to 1611.  The village lies on the left bank of the Prut River,  southeast of Chernivtsi, near the Romania–Ukraine border.

Until 18 July 2020, Marshyntsi belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Marshyntsi being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

Notable people
Teodor Bordeianu (1902–1969), Romanian agronomist and pomologist, member of the Romanian Academy
Nataliia Lupu (born 1987), Ukrainian athlete
Sofia Rotaru (born 1947), Ukrainian singer-songwriter, record producer, film producer, fashion designer, dancer, actress of Romanian ethnicity
Lilia Sandulesu (born 1958), Ukrainian singer of Romanian ethnicity

References

Villages in Chernivtsi Raion
Khotinsky Uyezd
Populated places on the Prut


Hermilando Ingco Mandanas (born March 25, 1944), also known as Dodo Mandanas and colloquially as Dodo, is a Filipino politician who served as Governor of Batangas since 2016; previously served this position from 1995 until 2004. He served as a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 2nd District of Batangas from 2004 until 2013.

Early life and education
Hermilando Ingco Mandanas was born on March 25, 1944, in Bauan, Batangas. He finished his Bachelor of Science in Commerce degree as consistent dean's lister – first honor at De La Salle University. He then became a university scholar at the University of the Philippines and studied for his master's degree in business administration, where he graduated honor roll. He obtained his honorary degree (honoris causa) as doctorate in humanities at Batangas State University.

He also served as chairman of Department of Accountancy (1968–1969), associate dean of School of Commerce (1967–1969) and a member of the board of trustees (1979–1985) in the De La Salle University.

Career

Private Sector
Mandanas started out by working for different companies. He was a supervisor of the Carlos J. Valdes & Co. from 1963 to 1965. He then served as an executive assistant to the president of the Far East Bank and Trust Company. In 1972, he was the president of the Fereit Realty Development Corporation until 1975 and as the Philippine Commercial Delegate of the Banque Francaise Du Commerce Exterior from 1975 to 1978. Then he became the managing director of the Manila & Hong Kong Capital Corporation from 1980 until 1987.

He also served as the director for: Alpa Asia Hotels & Resorts Incorporated; United States Capital Corporation; Philippines-China Development Corporation; Oriental Pacific Equities (Hong Kong); Manila Taiwan Development Corporation; Apex Mining and Exploration Company and Rural Bank of Batangas.

From 1987 to 1995? he also was the chairperson and president of the: Omnivest; Hedge Issues Management; Abacus Consolidated Holdings; Suricon Resources Corp.; and HIM Management Corp.

Government Sector
After the issuance of the Presidential Decree No. 1396, Mandanas served as the 1st general manager of the Human Settlements Development Corporation under former president Ferdinand Marcos.

From 1995 to 2004, he served as Governor of the Province of Batangas and concurrently became president of Federation of Regional Development Council of the Philippines. He also served as chairman of the Regional Development Council (Region IV-A, Southern Tagalog) from 1995 to 2004, Regional Peace and Order Council (Region IV-A) from 1995 to 2001 and from 2003 to 2004 and CALABARZON Coordinating Council (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon) from 2001 to 2004.

Committee membership
 Ways and Means – former chairman
 Economic Affairs – vice-chairperson
 Banks and Financial Intermediaries – member for the majority
 Bases Conversion – member for the majority
 East ASEAN Growth Area – member for the majority
 Energy – member for the majority
 Foreign Affairs – member for the majority
 Globalization and WTO – member for the majority
 Government Enterprises and Privatization – member for the majority
 Justice – deputized member
 Millennium Development Goals – member for the majority
 National Defense and Security – member for the majority
 Trade and Industry – member for the majority

Congressional Oversight Committees
 Comprehensive Tax Reform Program – former chairman
 Physical Examination of Imported Articles – former chairman
 Official Development Assistance – former chairman
 Safeguard Measures Act – former member

Awards/citations received
 Philconsa's Medal of Wisdom and Courage Awardee, Phil. Constitution Association, February 8, 2012 (Constitution Day)
 2006 Dangal Ng Pilipinas Awardee, Consumers Union of the Philippines
 2005 Regional Kabalikat Awardee, Technical Education & Skills Development Authority
 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, Most Outstanding Congressman, Makati Graduate School, Congress Magazine, MV Gallego Foundation
 2004 Outstanding Public Official, Consumer's Union of the Philippines, 15th Annual National Consumers Award
 Outstanding Governor Award, 2nd Local Government Leadership Award, Senate, Republic of the Philippines, 2002 and 2003
 Gawad Parangal Awardee, Most Outstanding Provincial Governor, 7th National Social Welfare and Development Forum, October 2003
 2002 Provincial Nutrition Green Banner Awardee, In the Calabarzon Region, National Nutrition Council, September 2003
 Most outstanding Governor of the Philippines, Awarded by PNP Maritime, 2002*
 Kabalikat Awards 2000, Tesda
 Most Outstanding Governor of Calabarzon, Leader Magazine, July 9, 2000

Achievements
 The first governor to give honorarium to Barangay Health Workers, Barangay Nutrition's Scholars, Barangay Service Point Officers, Barangay Tanod etc.
 He was also the first to give PhilHealth benefits to Barangay Health Workers, Barangay Nutrition's Scholars, Barangay Service Point Officers, Barangay Tanod.
 He was also the first to grant scholarships to deserving students.

References

|-

|-

Living people
1944 births
Governors of Batangas
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Batangas
Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
De La Salle University alumni
University of the Philippines alumni
People from Batangas
PDP–Laban politicians
United Nationalist Alliance politicians


France participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Divine" written and performed by Sébastien Tellier. The French broadcaster France Télévisions in collaboration with the television channel France 3 internally selected the French contest entry for the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia. "Divine" was officially presented to the public by France 3 as the French entry on 7 March 2008.

As a member of the "Big Four", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 19, France placed nineteenth out of the 25 participating countries with 47 points.

Background

Prior to the 2008 Contest, France had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in . France first won the contest in 1958 with "Dors, mon amour" performed by André Claveau. In the 1960s, they won three times, with "Tom Pillibi" performed by Jacqueline Boyer in 1960, "Un premier amour" performed by Isabelle Aubret in 1962 and "Un jour, un enfant" performed by Frida Boccara, who won in 1969 in a four-way tie with the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. France's fifth victory came in 1977, when Marie Myriam won with the song "L'oiseau et l'enfant". France have also finished second four times, with Paule Desjardins in 1957, Catherine Ferry in 1976, Joëlle Ursull in 1990 and Amina in 1991, who lost out to Sweden's Carola in a tie-break. In the 21st century, France has had less success, only making the top ten two times, with Natasha St-Pier finishing fourth in 2001 and Sandrine François finishing fifth in 2002. In 2007, the nation finished in twenty-second place with the song "L'amour à la française" performed by les Fatals Picards.

The French national broadcaster, France Télévisions, broadcasts the event within France and delegates the selection of the nation's entry to the television channel France 3. France 3 confirmed that France would participate in the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest on 27 November 2007. The French broadcaster had used both national finals and internal selection to choose the French entry in the past. The French entries from 2005 to 2007 were selected via a national final that featured several competing acts. In 2008, the broadcaster opted to internally select the French entry.

Before Eurovision

Internal selection
France 3 announced in early 2008 that the French entry for the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest would be selected internally. The organisation of the internal selection was headed by the French Head of Delegation for the Eurovision Song Contest Bruno Berberes. On 7 March 2008, France 3 announced that the French entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 would be "Divine" performed by Sébastien Tellier. The song, performed entirely in English and is the first song performed entirely in the English language that was selected to represent France at the Eurovision Song Contest, was written by Sébastien Tellier and had already been released as a single from Tellier's recent album Sexuality, which was released on 25 February 2008. However, "Divine" was later edited and included additional lyrics in French.

Controversy
The announcement of "Divine" as the French entry garnered controversy as the lyrics of the song were mostly in English. On 15 March 2008, Member of French Parliament François-Michel Gonnot from the UMP Party stated that the French broadcaster "is giving up defending its language in front of hundreds of millions of television viewers around the world", which was further supported by French Secretary of State for Cooperation and Francophony Alain Joyandet who issued a statement on 17 April 2008, pledging Tellier to "honor the French language" as "when one has the honour of being selected to represent France, one sings in French".

In response to the public criticism, Sébastien Tellier's producer Marc Teissier du Cros disagreed that "singing in French is the best way to make oneself understood by the whole world" as "half the Eurovision candidates [in the 2008 contest] are singing in English". Tellier also responded in an interview with RTL Radio that attempts would be made to include more French lyrics, as well as revealing that he would have written a song entirely in French if he had been asked by France 3 to write a song specifically for Eurovision instead of selecting his contest entry from his album.

At Eurovision
It was announced in September 2007 that the competition's format would be expanded to two semi-finals in 2008. According to the rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. As a member of the "Big 4", France automatically qualified to compete in the final on 24 May 2008. In addition to their participation in the final, France is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. During the semi-final allocation draw on 24 January 2008, France was assigned to broadcast and vote in the second semi-final on 22 May 2008.

In France, the second semi-final was broadcast on France 4 with commentary by Peggy Olmi and Yann Renoard, while the final was broadcast live on France 3 with commentary by Jean-Paul Gaultier and Julien Lepers, as well as via radio on France Bleu with commentary by François Kevorkian. The French spokesperson, who announced the French votes during the final, was Cyril Hanouna.

Final

Sébastien Tellier took part in technical rehearsals on 17 and 18 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 23 and 24 May. The running order for the semi-finals and final was decided by through another draw on 17 March 2008 and France was subsequently placed to perform in position 19, following the entry from Ukraine and before the entry from Azerbaijan.

The French performance featured Sébastien Tellier on stage dressed in a suit with a black shirt and wearing black sunglasses, joined by five backing vocalists wearing sunglasses, wigs and fake facial hair which resembled Tellier: Abigael Debit, Falone Tayoung, Marie Djemali, Sheliyah Masry and Stanislas Debit. The performance began with Tellier entering the stage driving a small golf buggy branded with the French Tricolour and carrying a helium filled inflatable globe that he later inhaled from, causing his voice to become higher-pitched. The stage colours were predominately green and orange and the LED screens displayed warm colours, which turned into a sea where the image of a black sun rose above. France placed nineteenth in the final, scoring 47 points.

Voting
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to France and awarded by France in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Portugal in the semi-final and to Armenia in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to France

Points awarded by France

References

2008
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
Eurovision
Eurovision


Davoud Danesh-Jafari is an Iranian politician and economist who was minister of economy and finance affairs of Iran. He is currently a member of the Expediency Discernment Council.

Biography
Born in 1954 in Tehran, Danesh-Jafari graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Regional Engineering College, Srinagar (presently known as National Institute of Technology, Srinagar), India. In 1992 he received a master's degree in economics from Tehran University and in 2001 he obtained a PhD from Allameh Tabatabaii University. He was a member of the parliament in the 5th term and the 7th term.

Since 2006 he was involved in plans to create the Iranian Oil Bourse, a commodity exchange for oil and oil byproducts, which would trade mostly in the Iranian currency and other major currencies In December 2006, he was reported as saying that he intended to reduce US dollar-based transactions as much as possible.

In January 2008, he announced that the Iranian Oil Bourse would be opened during the anniversary of the Islamic Revolution (February 1–11) a month later. Oil Minister Gholam Hossein Nozari later announced that Davoud Danesh-Jafari would become its head. The Oil Bourse opened on 17 February 2008 on Kish Island.

He served as the minister of economy and finance affairs in the cabinet of President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad from 2005 to 2008.

References

1954 births
Living people
Finance ministers of Iran
Members of the Expediency Discernment Council
20th-century Iranian economists
Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran politicians
Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution politicians
Recipients of the Order of Fath
Members of the 5th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Members of the 7th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Jihad of Construction personnel of the Iran–Iraq War
Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces politicians
Presidential advisers of Iran
University of Kashmir alumni
University of Tehran alumni
Allameh Tabataba'i University alumni
Iranian campaign managers
Politicians from Tehran
21st-century Iranian economists


Jon Unzaga Bombín (born August 20, 1962) is a former Spanish professional road racing cyclist.

Achievements and Awards

1988
2nd GP Villafranca de Ordizia
1989
7th Overall Euskal Bizikleta
9th Overall Vuelta a Murcia
1990
10th Trofeo Masferrer
1991
1st Stage 4 Euskal Bizikleta
1st Stage 2 Troféu Joaquim Agostinho
3rd Klasika Primavera
1992
1st Stage 8 Vuelta a España
 2nd Road race, National Road Championships
4th Overall Euskal Bizikleta
1993
1st Klasika Primavera
6th Vuelta a Murcia
1994
6th Subida al Naranco
1995
6th Overall Vuelta a los Valles Mineros

External links

Palmares

Cyclists from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Spanish male cyclists
1962 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Álava


Victoria Hernandez-Reyes (September 10, 1954–September 30, 2016) was a Filipino politician from Tanauan, Batangas. A former member of the Lakas–CMD, she had been elected to three terms as a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 3rd District of Batangas from 2001 to 2010. She first served as a member of the Batangas Provincial Board from the same district from 1998 to 2001.

She also ran for a comeback to the Congress in 2013 but lost to incumbent Sonny Collantes.

References

People from Batangas
1954 births
2016 deaths
People from Tanauan, Batangas
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Batangas
Women members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Lakas–CMD (1991) politicians
Nacionalista Party politicians


Green train may refer to:
the Swedish Gröna tåget project, involving a modified Regina (train) passenger train
the British Rail Class 172, a British passenger train promoted as "green train"
the Green-skinned trains, rail service in some communist countries


Grand Hotel is a hotel in Oslo, Norway. The hotel is best known as the annual venue of the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Grand Hotel is situated in a very central location on the main thoroughfare, the Karl Johans gate, between the Norwegian Parliament building and the Royal Palace. It is within walking distance of Oslo's main shopping and cultural areas, as well as its sights. The hotel was opened in 1874 and is one of the most traditional hotels in Norway.

Each year the hotel hosts the annual Nobel Peace Prize banquet, and the prize winners stay in the Nobel suite at the hotel. Roald Dahl stayed here when young and where his inspiration came from to do his 1984 autobiographical book, Boy: Tales of Childhood.

The hotel has several restaurants. These include "Grand Café", where Henrik Ibsen used to eat every day; the "Restaurant Julius Fritzner", named after Julius Fritzner, the man who founded the hotel in 1874; and "Palmen Restaurant", a traditional and stylish lunch restaurant.

Grand Hotel is a classical style building with white granite facade and clock tower. The hotel has 290 rooms. The hotel is affiliated with Rica Hotels, a chain of approx. 90 hotels located in Norway and Sweden.

References

External links

Grand Hotel official site
Rica Hotels official site

Hotels in Oslo
Hotel buildings completed in 1874
Hotels established in 1874
1874 establishments in Norway
Norwegian companies established in 1874


The 1936 college football season was the first in which the Associated Press writers' poll selected a national champion. The first AP poll, taken of 35 writers, was released on October 20, 1936. Each writer listed his choice for the top ten teams, and points were tallied based on 10 for first place, 9 for second, etc., and the AP then ranked the twenty teams with the highest number of points.   In the first poll, Minnesota received 32 first place votes, and 3 votes for an additional 25 points, for a total of 345 altogether. Of the seven contemporary math system selectors, two chose Pittsburgh as the top team.

The 1936 season also saw the addition of another major New Year's Day bowl game, as Dallas hosted the first Cotton Bowl Classic.

Conference and program changes

Conference changes
One conference began play in 1936:
Alamo Conference – conference active through the 1940 season
One conference played its final season in 1936:
Chesapeake Conference – conference active since the 1933 season

Membership changes

September
September 19  TCU opened with a 6–0 win at Howard Payne College at Brownwood, Texas.

September 26 In Seattle, Minnesota opened its season with a 14–7 win over Washington.

Defending champ (under the Dickinson ratings) SMU had a tough time in beating North Texas, 6–0, and Rose Bowl winner Stanford lost its opener to visiting Santa Clara 13–0. Sugar Bowl winner TCU lost at Texas Tech 7–0. LSU beat visiting Rice 20–7.
Alabama beat Samford 34–0 and Pittsburgh beat Ohio Wesleyan 53–0.

October
October 3 Santa Clara beat Loyola Marymount 13–6.
LSU and Texas played to a 6–6 tie. Alabama defeated Clemson 32–0.
Northwestern opened with an 18–7 win over Iowa.
Pittsburgh beat West Virginia 34–0.

October 10
Minnesota beat visiting Nebraska 7–0.
Pittsburgh won at Ohio State 6–0.
Washington won at UCLA 14–0.
Santa Clara beat San Francisco 15–7.
Alabama beat Mississippi State 7–0.
Northwestern beat North Dakota State 40–7.

October 17
Minnesota defeated Michigan 26–0. Santa Clara won at San Jose State 20–0.
In Birmingham, Alabama and Tennessee played to a 0–0 tie. Northwestern edged Ohio State 14–13. In a meeting between Pittsburgh's two unbeaten (3–0–0) and untied schools, Pittsburgh was beaten by Duquesne, 7–0. Washington beat Oregon State 19–7.

The first AP Poll was released on October 20, with Minnesota being the majority favorite, with 32 of 35 first place votes, and 345 out of 350 points.  The Gophers were followed by No. 2 Duke, No. 3 Army, No. 4 Northwestern, and No. 5 Purdue.  USC, ranked No. 6, received one first place vote.

October 24
No. 1 Minnesota hosted No. 5 Purdue in a meeting of unbeaten (3–0–0) schools.  Minnesota proved the AP voters right by winning 33–0.  No. 2 Duke (5–0–0) lost to (1–2–1) Tennessee, 15–13.  No. 3 Army beat Springfield College 33–0.  No. 4 Northwestern won at Illinois 13–2.  No. 8 Washington beat California 13–0.  No. 9 Pittsburgh beat visiting, and previously unbeaten, No. 7 Notre Dame 26–0.  No. 16 Fordham edged visiting No. 12 St. Mary's 7–6.  The next top five was No. 1 Minnesota, No. 2 Pitt, No. 3 Northwestern, No. 4 Washington, and No. 5 Fordham.

October 31  In a Friday night game, No. 1 Minnesota and No. 3 Northwestern, both unbeaten (4–0–0), met in a Big Ten conference game at Evanston.  The Gophers had not lost a game in more than three years, and the game was scoreless after three quarters, until Northwestern's line "ripped a gaping hole in the Gophers' forward wall" and Steve Toth drove across the goal line.  With five minutes left, Minnesota's Rudy Gmitro was in the clear for a touchdown before being brought down by Fred Vanzon, and Northwestern held on for the 6–0 win.

At the Polo Grounds in New York, No. 2 Pittsburgh and No. 5 Fordham played to a 0–0 tie.  In Portland, No. 4 Washington beat Oregon 7–0, but dropped to 6th.  No. 10 Marquette beat visiting No. 20 St. Mary's 20–6 and rose to 4th place.  The next top five was No. 1 Northwestern, No. 2 Minnesota, No. 3 Fordham, No. 4 Marquette, and No. 5 Pitt.

November
November 7
No. 1 Northwestern beat Wisconsin 26–18.
No. 2 Minnesota beat Iowa 52–0.
No. 3 Fordham defeated visiting Purdue 15–0.
No. 4 Marquette narrowly won in Omaha against Creighton, 7–6.
No. 5 Pittsburgh beat Penn State 34–7. No. 14 Alabama and No. 10 Tulane, both 5–0–1, met at Tuscaloosa.  Alabama's 34–7 win was followed by its rise to 4th place in the poll, with Marquette dropping to 8th.

November 14
No. 1 Northwestern won 9–0 at Michigan to clinch the Big Ten title, while No. 2 Minnesota beat Texas 47–19.  No. 3 Fordham was idle.
No. 4 Alabama beat Georgia Tech in Atlanta, 20–16.
No. 5 Pittsburgh won at No. 6 Nebraska 19–6.
In Birmingham, No. 7 LSU beat Auburn 19–6 to extend its record to 7–0–1 and move to 5th place in the poll, with Alabama falling to 8th.

November 21 No. 1 Northwestern lost at No. 11 Notre Dame, 26–6, while No. 2 Minnesota won at Wisconsin 24–0 in their season finale.
No. 3 Fordham and visiting Georgia played to a 7–7 tie.
No. 4 Pittsburgh was idle.
No. 5 LSU beat Lafayette College of Louisiana 93–0.
No. 9 Santa Clara won in San Francisco at St. Mary's, 19–0.  In the poll that followed, Northwestern—which had been one game away from a perfect season—fell to seventh place and Minnesota regained the top spot, ahead of LSU, Alabama, Pitt, and Santa Clara.

On November 26, Thanksgiving Day, No. 3 Alabama beat Vanderbilt 14–6 in Birmingham.
No. 4 Pittsburgh beat its other crosstown rival, Carnegie Tech, 31–14.
No. 6 Washington beat No. 20 Washington State 40–0.
At Yankee Stadium Fordham, which had fallen to 8th, (5–0–2) lost to NYU, 7–6.

November 28
No. 2 LSU clinched the SEC title with a 33–0 win over No. 19 Tulane.
No. 5 Santa Clara lost to No. 18 TCU, 9–0. The final AP Poll ranked Minnesota, LSU, Pitt, Alabama, and Washington as the top five.

Conference standings
For this article, major conferences defined as those including multiple state flagship public universities.

Major conference standings

Independents

Minor conferences

Minor conference standings

Rankings

Bowl games

"There is no longer any blot left on Pittsburgh's Rose Bowl escutcheon," wrote Grantland Rice.  "Here was a Panther who belonged to the jungle and not to the zoo-- a fast, hard driving slashing Panther who put both fang and claw to work in beating Washington's Huskies 21 to 0 before 87,200 chilly witnesses."

Pittsburgh had been ranked No. 3 by the AP, behind No. 2 LSU, which met Santa Clara in the Sugar Bowl.  No. 1 ranked Minnesota, like other Big Ten Conference teams, was not allowed to play postseason.  LSU had lost the previous Sugar Bowl to TCU, by a 3–2 score. A crowd of 41,000 turned out in New Orleans to see the Tigers lose again.  The Santa Clara Broncos took a 14–0 lead in the first quarter and won 21–14.

A crowd of 17,000 turned out in Dallas to watch the first Cotton Bowl.  Sammy Baugh of TCU completed only 5 of 13 pass attempts, but had 110 yards and a touchdown as TCU beat Marquette, 16–6.

In the first annual Orange Bowl, 12,000 filled the stands in Miami to see the Duquesne Dukes beat the Mississippi State Maroons, 13–12.  Boyd Brumbaugh scored Duquesne's first touchdown and made the only extra point by either side.

Villanova tied Auburn, 7–7, in the Bacardi Bowl, played before 6,000 spectators in Havana, Cuba,  beat , 6–0, in Houston before 3,000, and Hardin–Simmons beat Texas Mines, 34–6, at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas.

Heisman Trophy
1935 had been the first year that the Heisman Trophy was ever awarded, although it was named differently in the first year. It was known simply as the "DAC Trophy" for its inaugural year.  In 1936, John Heisman died and the trophy that is awarded to the best college football player in the US was renamed in his honor. Larry Kelley, the second winner of the award was the first man to win it officially named as the "Heisman Trophy."

Voting

The Slippery Rock National Championship

There was significant debate over who would be recognized as the national champion in 1936. Thus, a number of sportswriters across the country began to nominate several small colleges based on wins over the national championship contenders via the transitive property. Essentially, the small college of choice would have beaten a team which had defeated another team which in turn defeated one or several of the legitimate national championship contenders. These were Minnesota (consensus), Pitt (BS, CFRA, HS), Duke (SR, WS), and LSU (BQPRS).

The most prominent claim for the national championship via transitive property was Slippery Rock College, which was given a claim because they had beaten Westminster College of Pennsylvania, which defeated West Virginia Wesleyan, which beat No. 14 Duquesne, which upset No. 3 Pitt, which beat former No. 1 Notre Dame, which upset former No. 1 Northwestern, which defeated AP national champion Minnesota.  The claim gave Slippery Rock wide notoriety throughout the country, and is why certain football teams, most notably Michigan and Texas, have occasionally broadcast the score of a Slippery Rock game during halftime.

Other claims to the 1936 national championship by this method were also made by Saint Vincent College of Latrobe, Pennsylvania, which followed the majority of Slippery Rock's line of successive wins, beating West Virginia Wesleyan 6 to 0 earlier in the 1936 season.  A case was made for Indiana State Teachers College as well, as they tied Lock Haven, who beat West Chester, which defeated Waynesburg, which connected to the Slippery Rock and St. Vincent's claims by defeating West Virginia Wesleyan 14 to 7.  A week before Thanksgiving, St. Thomas College of Pennsylvania was given national championship recognition after defeating Saint Vincent, 13 to 6.

See also
1936 College Football All-America Team

References


Coronin is an actin binding protein which also interacts with microtubules and in some cell types is associated with phagocytosis. Coronin proteins are expressed in a large number of eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans.

Discovery

Initially, a 55 kDa protein was isolated from the actomyosin complex of Dictyostelium discoideum, which was later shown to bind actin in vitro. This actin binding protein was named coronin after its strong immunolocalisation in the actin rich crown like extension of the cell cortex in D. discoideum. Initially this protein was admitted into club of actin binding proteins with least enthusiasm,  as the primary structure did not match any other ABPs. But null mutation of coronin in D. discoideum  resulted in impaired cytokinesis, and many actin mediated processes like endocytosis, cell motility etc. Later on, the protein was identified in many eukaryotic cells.

Structure

Coronin belongs to the WD-repeat containing proteins, which form a beta propeller tertiary structure. The crystal structure of coronin 1A (see figure to the right) containing major part of the protein was solved in 2006.

The WD-repeat is a structural motif comprising approximately 40 amino acids usually ending with the amino acid sequence tryptophan (W) – aspartic acid (D) and hence the name WD.

WD-40-domain –repeat proteins are defined by the presence of at least four WD repeats located centrally in the protein. These domains were discovered in 1986 and are characterized by a partial conserved domain of 40-60 amino acids, starting with GH dipeptide 11-24 residue away from the N-terminus and ending with a tryptophane-aspartic acid (WD) dipeptide at the C-terminus. The WD domain has no intrinsic catalytic activity and is thought to serve as a stable platform for simultaneous interaction. WD repeat proteins have diverse cellular functions. They play a central role in physiological processes like signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, cytoskeleton remodeling, and regulation of vesicle trafficking.

Coronin homologues both in vertebrates and invertebrates forms a subfamily among WD repeat proteins. Coronin contains 3-5 WD clustered repeats forming the central core domain. Apart from the core domain, almost all coronins have a short conserved N-terminal motif and coiled coil motif of 50 amino acids at the C-terminus. The N-terminal region contains 12 basic amino acids which can be taken as signature as it is present in only coronin proteins. These basic residues have been shown to be involved in actin binding. Furthermore, each coronin contains a unique divergent region between the WD domain and C-terminal coiled coil region. The number of amino acids in this region varies greatly. The unique region of Dictyostelium has 22 amino acids whereas mammalian coronins contains about 50 amino acids. The coronin-like proteins from budding yeast Crn1 and one of the coronins in Caenorhabditis elegans has a much longer unique region i.e. 194 vs 144aa. The unique region of yeast coronin shows homologies with microtubule binding domains of the MAPs and yeast coronin binds both actin and microtubule and serve as bridge between them.

A second region of variability exists in the fourth β-strand of the third WD repeats.

Function

Yeast coronin Crn1 and Drosophila Dpod1 were found to crosslink the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Caenorhabditis elegans POD-1 and Drosophila coronin homologue regulate the actin cytoskeleton and are involved in vesicular trafficking.

Seven different isoforms of coronin have been reported in mammals. The most well-studied isoforms are coronin 1 (Coronin 1A) and coronin 1B. Coronin 1 exerted an inhibitory effect on cellular steady-state F-actin formation via an Arp2/3-dependent mechanism. Whereas coronin 1 was required for chemokine-mediated migration, it was dispensable for T cell antigen receptor functions in T cells. Coronin 1B is required for efficient cell protrusion and migration. Coronin 1B inhibits the Arp2/3 complex activity by replacing it at the branched actin structure. Mammalian Coronin-7 does not interact with actin nor does it execute any actin mediated processes, but rather participates in Golgi trafficking.

Although coronin is present in almost all eukaryotic organisms and has different functions, these proteins have all been shown to bind F-actin and localize in the dynamic F-actin rich area of cells. Coronin binds to ATP/ADP-Pi containing F-actin with much greater affinity compared to ADP containing F-actin, which might explain their unique cellular localization.

Classification

 Short conventional coronins. Contain 450-650 amino acids with C-terminus coiled coil region of 30-40 amino acids that mediates homophilic dimerization and/or oligomerization of coronins (e.g., CRN1, CRN2).
  Long coronins. Two core domains with no C-terminal coiled coil region.
N-terminus signature region is reduced to 5aa and appears in front of each WD-repeat core domain (e.g., CRN7, POD-1)

Family members

Human proteins which are members of the coronin family include:

 CORO1A
 CORO1B
 CORO1C
 CORO2A
 CORO2B
 CORO6
 CORO7

References

Further reading

Proteins


Sandra Gulland (born November 3, 1944) is an American-born Canadian novelist. She is the author of The Shadow Queen and Mistress of the Sun, novels set in the court of Louis XIV, The Sun King, and a trilogy of novels based on the life of Josephine Bonaparte: The Many Lives & Secret Sorrows of Josephine B.; Tales of Passion, Tales of Woe; The Last Great Dance on Earth.

To date, Gulland's novels have been published in fifteen countries and translated into thirteen languages. The Many Lives & Secret Sorrows of Josephine B. was a bestseller in the UK.

Biography
Born November 3, 1944, in Miami, Florida, Sandra Gulland (née Zentner) was brought up in Berkeley, California. After graduating from Berkeley High School, she attended San Francisco State College, the University of California, Berkeley, and Roosevelt University in Chicago, graduating with a BA in English literature and a minor in mathematics.

She emigrated to Canada in 1969, teaching for a year in Nain, Labrador, before moving to Toronto to work as a book editor in book publishing. She was a founding member of the Editors' Association of Canada (then the Freelance Editors' Association of Canada).

In 1978, she and her family moved to rural Ontario, where she was volunteer principal of the Killaloe Alternative School and co-publisher of The Community News & Confuse. She became a Canadian citizen in 1980. She and her husband now live half the year near Killaloe, Ontario, and half in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.

Bibliography
The Many Lives & Secret Sorrows of Josephine B. — 1995
Tales of Passion, Tales of Woe — 1998
The Last Great Dance on Earth — 2000
Mistress of the Sun — 2008
The Shadow Queen — 2014

External links
 Sandra Gulland's official website
 An interview about Mistress of the Sun

1944 births
Living people
Canadian women novelists
Canadian historical novelists
Writers from Berkeley, California
Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
American emigrants to Canada
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American historical novelists
American women novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Women historical novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers


Lenny Ibizarre  (born Lennart Krarup), is a Danish producer and musician from Copenhagen. He is known for his work as a DJ and record producer in Ibiza.

History
Lenny Ibizarre emerged into the music scene in Ibiza in 1997 where he started work on his first album, The Ambient Collection, which was signed by Warner Music UK.

Since 1997, Lenny Ibizarre has produced 12 albums and is  a multi-platinum selling artist. His chilled Ibiza compilations sold over 1.5 million copies in the UK. The Ambient Collection reached its 7th edition in 2007.

Lenny Ibizarre is also a much respected remix artist favoring seasoned multi-platinum artists such as The Doors, Bob Dylan, Bob Marley, Jefferson Airplane, Nat King Cole and Henry Mancini.

As a DJ, Lenny Ibizarre has held residencies at Cafe Del Mar, Pacha, Khumaras, Ku (Privilege) and Amnesia.

In 1997, Lenny Ibizarre also founded his record label, Ibizarre Records and co-founded the annual international DJ Awards with Jose Pascual which reached their 18th anniversary in 2015.

In 2011, Lenny Ibizarre and Max Martire formed the "Aristofreeks" - an outlet for their remixing and producing. September 2013, Pacific Electronic Music record label was formed by Jerry L. Greenberg (former President of Atlantic Records), Max Martire & Lenny Ibizarre. Their first signing was Kathy Sledge of Sister Sledge.

References

External links
  – record label of Lenny Ibizarre
  Lenny Ibizarre on MySpace
  Lenny Ibizarre on ClubMixed

Club DJs
Living people
Danish dance musicians
Danish electronic musicians
Danish house musicians
Remixers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Eyes of the Emperor is an American historical novel written by Graham Salisbury, and is currently published by Laurel-Leaf, which is an imprint of Random House Children's Books, in the United States in paperback. The first edition was published in 2005. The first edition was published by Wendy Lamb Books in hardcover format in the same year.

In 2006, Eyes of the Emperor won the Leslie Bradshaw Award for Young Adult Literature.

Plot summary
The story starts in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1941, where a Japanese American boy, Eddy, lives. He has a brother, Herbie, and numerous friends. His friends are in the army, and Eddy, who is 16 years old, joins the US army by illegally altering his birth certificate to appear 18 years old. They enlist in Camp McCoy. Eddy's father Koji strongly opposes this as he feels that Eddy is betraying Japan, but soon changes his mind when Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. Eddy and his Japanese American company must do manual labor, such as digging trenches, while the soldiers of other ethnicities go on with regular army training. He then is mobilized by Lieutenant Sweet to Cat Island, Mississippi along with his comrades. They then embark on a secret dog training mission commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt: Dogs are trained to smell Japanese American soldiers, with the hope that when the dogs are released in the Pacific theater they will track and kill the Japanese soldiers. This severely demoralizes Eddy and his fellow soldiers. Later, when they commute from the island to the mainland, their boat motor stalls; when they call for assistance, the US Coast Guard comes and shoots their boat, suspecting that they are the enemy. Accidental attacks continue, and the treatment of the Japanese American soldiers becomes worse as World War II worsens. Eddy is nearly killed once when his dog's trainer, Smith, calls the dog back slightly late. The soldiers are forced to treat the dogs harshly against their will.

After a few weeks of grueling treatment of the Japanese American soldiers, the government observes and reevaluates this project after the dog tracks and locates a soldier of non-Japanese ethnicity. It is deemed unsuccessful, and Eddy is assigned to combat in the European theater with his comrades.

Characters
Eddy Okubo The protagonist of the book. He lives in Hawaii, and is a Japanese boy native to America. He is 16 years old at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Eddy is more loyal to the United States than to his parents' home country, Japan. His father's name is Koji Okubo.
Pop (Koji Okubo) Eddy's father. He was strongly opposed to Eddy joining the US army, but after the Pearl Harbor attack he favors Eddy's decision. Pop is a boat-builder. He was loyal to Japan, but after the attack his loyalty changed, and he turned himself in to the immigration office for shame of his country.
Major Parrish The main high-ranking officer in the book, and is very smart; knows Eddy and his friends from high school, where he was the mechanical drawing teacher
Chik Usually has 2-3 girlfriends at a time, fun-loving partier, friend of Eddy Okubo
Cobra Very strong and muscular, serious and moody, also friend of Eddy Okubo
Herbie Okubo Eddy's younger brother

See also

Under the Blood Red Sun, an earlier novel about Japan, Hawaii, and World War II by Graham Salisbury. Eddy and Herbie both briefly appear in it, although Eddy's name was not mentioned.

Sources

2005 American novels
2005 children's books
American historical novels
American young adult novels
Children's historical novels
Novels set during World War II
Fiction set in 1941
Wendy Lamb Books books
Children's books set in Hawaii
Children's books set in the 1940s
Children's books set during World War II
Children's books about racism