William Varnham Millton (10 February 1858 – 22 June 1887) was a New Zealand rugby union player and cricketer. He was the first captain of the New Zealand national rugby union team, leading them on their 1884 tour of New South Wales, and represented Canterbury in both rugby union and cricket.

Early life and family
Born in Christchurch on 10 February 1858, Millton was the eldest son of William Newton Millton, a sea captain and runholder, and his wife Caroline Millton (née Stockman). He was educated at Christ's College from 1869 to 1876, and went on to become a barrister and solicitor. On 23 April 1885, Millton married Elizabeth Anderson at St Paul's Church in Christchurch. She was the youngest daughter of John Anderson, who served as the second mayor of Christchurch, and her brother, also called John Anderson, played rugby for Scotland against England in 1872, and was the first New Zealander to appear in a rugby international.

One of Millton's brothers, Edward, also represented New Zealand in rugby union.

Cricket
A batsman, Millton was captain of both the United Cricket Club in Christchurch and the Canterbury provincial side. Between the 1877–78 and 1886–87 seasons, he played 12 first-class matches for Canterbury, scoring a total of 298 runs, at an average of 14.19 and a high score of 57. He made one 50, and took six catches. He captained Canterbury and hit the equal-highest score of the match, 35, when Canterbury had the better of a draw against the touring Australians in November 1886.

Rugby union
Millton was a  rugby representative from 1876 and captain of the side from 1878. While visiting Auckland and Wellington with the Canterbury cricket team, he met with rugby officials and suggested a tour to Australia. Subsequently, in 1884, the first New Zealand national rugby union team was selected to tour New South Wales, with Millton as its captain. He led the side in their first-ever match, a pre-tour fixture against a Wellington XV at Newtown Park in Wellington, in eight of the nine tour matches in Australia, including the three encounters with New South Wales, and was unbeaten as captain. In all he scored 35 points, including four tries. Three of his tries came in the 23–10 win against Wallaroo and University, and he scored another try in the final match against New South Wales. Millton did not appear in any Test matches because New Zealand did not play its first full international until 1903.

Millton also served as secretary of the Canterbury Rugby Football Union.

Death
Millton died of typhoid at his home in Christchurch on 22 June 1887, and was buried in St Peter's churchyard, Upper Riccarton.

References

1858 births
1887 deaths
Cricketers from Christchurch
People educated at Christ's College, Christchurch
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand rugby union players
Canterbury rugby union players
Rugby union forwards
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
New Zealand sports executives and administrators
Burials at St Peter's Church Cemetery, Upper Riccarton
Rugby union players from Christchurch
Sportspeople from the Colony of New Zealand


Tara High School is one of several high schools in the East Baton Rouge Parish Public Schools District in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It is located in the Tara Neighborhood of Baton Rouge. Tara High School is located at 9002 Whitehall Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70806. The school opened during the 1970–71 school year.

Communities served
Tara serves portions of Baton Rouge, as well as all or portions of several census-designated places (CDP): all of Westminster, most of Inniswold, most of Oak Hills Place, half of Gardere, and a small section of Shenandoah.

Athletics
Tara High athletics competes in the LHSAA.

Tara High School fields several individual and team sports including American football, track and field, basketball, volleyball, wrestling, baseball, softball, and soccer. The mascot is the Trojan and the colors are cardinal and gold, very similar to the University of Southern California.

Championships
Football Championships
(1) State Championship: 1974

References

External links
 Tara High School

Public high schools in Louisiana
Schools in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Educational institutions established in 1970
1970 establishments in Louisiana


Roel de Mon (November 5, 1919 in Haarlem – November 2, 1973 in Haarlem) was a Dutch baseball player.  He was claimed to be the fastest Dutch pitcher of all time. He flourished between 1940 and 1947. He helped to win the Hoofdklasse national baseball championship four times with SC Haarlem and Schoten. World War II disrupted De Mon's international career. He played only two games internationally against Belgium, and right after the war one against an American-Canadian Army team.

An army officer who was a Major League manager in daily life invited Roel de Mon to come and play baseball in the USA. De Mon stayed in the Netherlands to help build up the country after the war.

Roel de Mon still possesses two Hoofdklasse records:

Most strikeouts in one season (1940): 235 strikeouts in 14 matches. (avg. over 16 per game)
Most strikeouts in a single game: 26 (1943 Schoten-VVGA).

He fanned 683 batters in 40 games in 1940, 1941 and 1943, averaging over 17 per contest.

Roel de Mon’s notorious superfast pitching had a backside: it caused a serious injury to his right arm and he had to end his baseball career in the late 1940s, to become an early living baseball legend.
Roel de Mon died in 1973 after serious heart failure, only three days before his 54th birthday.

Since 1969, the Roel de Mon Award is given to the best pitcher in the Dutch junior league, which was called the Roel de Mon league till the late 1980s. Winners have included Charles Urbanus jr, Harry Koster, Alexander Smit and David Bergman.

References

1919 births
1973 deaths
Dutch baseball players
Sportspeople from Haarlem


Ron Casey may refer to:

 Ron Casey (Melbourne broadcaster) (1927−2000), Australian broadcaster, television executive and Australian rules football administrator
 Ron Casey (Sydney broadcaster) (1929−2018), Australian television presenter and talk-back radio host
 Ron Casey, American drummer of Brain Drill
 Ron Casey (editor) (1951−2000), Pulitzer Prize–winning editorial writer from the United States
 Ron Casey (Canadian politician) (born c. 1950), Alberta, Canada, politician
 Ron Casey (Missouri politician) (1952−2014), state representative


Etna is an unincorporated community in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

History
The community was named after nearby Etna Mountain. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place in 1892 as the "Town of Etna". The town's municipal charter was repealed in 1995.

References

Former municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unincorporated communities in Polk County, Georgia
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Populated places disestablished in 1995


This Is Your Captain Speaking is a post-rock band based in Melbourne, Australia.

History
This Is Your Captain Speaking released their debut album Storyboard independently in Australia in May 2005 and sold out of the first pressing. Storyboard received critical acclaim from around the world, with reviewers describing the album as "66 minutes of pure musical bliss." The album was recorded in the library of an elementary school.

The band was then signed to UK label Resonant Records, who re-issued the album in Europe in 2006. The band then toured Europe and the UK, including performing at Belgium’s Rhaaa Lovely Festival, where they played alongside Deerhoof, 65daysofstatic, Piano Magic, Grails and 31knots.

In November 2008, the band released their second album, Eternal Return, which is released on the band's own label, with digital licensing through London-based Diogenes Music.

Band members
Current members
Nick Lane - guitar, mandolin.
David Evans - drum kit, metallophone, typewriter, glockenspiel.
Steve Ward - guitar.
Aaron Trimmer (Dhanesh) - guitar / bass.

Past members
 Aaron Trimmer - guitar.
 Seth Rees - guitar.
 Gavin Vance - bass.

Discography
Storyboard (2005, re-released 2006)
Eternal Return (2008)
Arc (2013)

See also
List of post-rock bands

References

External links
Official band SoundCloud page

Australian post-rock groups
Victoria (state) musical groups
Musical groups established in 2005
Australian musical quartets


Long Barn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California. Long Barn sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported Long Barn's population was 155.

Long Barn is located roughly 4 miles northeast of Mi-Wuk Village off State Route 108.

History

Long Barn was a wagon stop along the Sonora Pass during the 1800s gold rush era. Pioneers traveling west would stop at "The Long Barn" where they could refresh supplies, food and rest. There is an apple orchard that was planted next to the Long Barn so that travelers could have fresh food; the apple orchard is still there. The Long Barn was torn down in the early 1970s.

The Long Barn Lodge was built in the 1920s, which included a restaurant, rooms, bar and entertainment for vacationers in the mountains. Heralded as the Four Seasons Resort along the area called Sonora Pass Vacationland, the lodge grew to include a pool, horseback riding, ice skating, hiking and more.

The historic Long Barn Lodge, the old lodge, restaurant, game room and bar burned down in 2002, and due to lack of insurance was not rebuilt. The Long Barn Lodge is still open today, with motel rooms, cabins, ice skating, swimming pool and events.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), 99.95% of it land and 0.05% of it water.

Climate
The Köppen Climate System classifies Long Barn as having a Warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated as "Csb".

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Long Barn had a population of 155. The population density was . The racial makeup of Long Barn was 140 (90.3%) White, 1 (0.6%) African American, 3 (1.9%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 5 (3.2%) from other races, and 6 (3.9%) from two or more races.  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13 persons (8.4%).

The Census reported that 155 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 81 households, out of which 13 (16.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 31 (38.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 9 (11.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 4 (4.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 31 households (38.3%) were made up of individuals, and 11 (13.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91.  There were 44 families (54.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.48.

The population was spread out, with 23 people (14.8%) under the age of 18, 9 people (5.8%) aged 18 to 24, 25 people (16.1%) aged 25 to 44, 64 people (41.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 34 people (21.9%) who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 54.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.3 males.

There were 331 housing units at an average density of , of which 54 (66.7%) were owner-occupied, and 27 (33.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 17.6%.  107 people (69.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 48 people (31.0%) lived in rental housing units.

References

External links
Long Barn Property Owners Corporation

Census-designated places in Tuolumne County, California
Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)


The following article presents a summary of the 1915 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 14th season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

In 1915 there were two different editions of the Campeonato Paulista. One was organized by the Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos (APEA) while the other one was organized by the Liga Paulista de Foot-Ball (LPF).

APEA's Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

AA das Palmeiras declared as the APEA's Campeonato Paulista champions.

LPF's Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

Germânia declared as the LPF's Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Brazil national team
The Brazil national football team did not play any matches in 1915.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1914-1922 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


Etna (formerly Aetna) is an unincorporated community in Coles County, Illinois, United States. It lies at an elevation of 656 feet (200 m).

The community is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
A variant name was "Aetna". A post office called Etna was established in 1859, and remained in operation until 1943. The community was named after Mount Etna, on Sicily.

References

Unincorporated communities in Coles County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Charleston–Mattoon, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area


Andrzej Piotr Andrzejewski (May 19, 1961 – January 23, 2008) was a Brigadier General of the Polish Air Force who died in the military plane crash in Mirosławiec along with other officers, among whom he was the highest ranking.

A graduate of the Academy of National Defense (1995) and, previously, the High Air Force School (1985), he had spent a long career in the Polish Air Force. Andrzejewski barely escaped death when his fighter, an Su-22M-4K, was accidentally shot down by Kub (SA-6) missile during an exercise on August 19, 2003. He ejected from the plane into the Baltic Sea and was rescued after an hour and a half.

Three years later, he was promoted to general and was appointed commander of the 1st Brigade of the Tactical Aircraft in Mirosławiec. He remained in command until his death.

He spent over 1000 hours in planes.

On January 23 2008, the EADS CASA C-295 which Andrzejewski and fellow officers were aboard, flying from Warsaw via Powidz and Krzesiny to Mirosławiec, crashed during an approach to the 12th Air Base near Mirosławiec. There were no survivors.

Andrzejewski was the highest ranking Polish general to die in duty for decades. He was 46 years old. He is survived by his wife, Małgorzata, and his two daughters, Klaudyna (26) and Patrycja (21). He was posthumously promoted to Division General.

The President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Kaczyński, ordered three-days of national mourning after the fatal crash.

References
Biography with photo of General Andrzejewski

1961 births
2008 deaths
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
People from Sochaczew
Polish generals
Polish military aviators
Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Bronze Cross of Merit (Poland)
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Poland
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2008


The Mount Savage Locomotive Works was a railroad workshop established at Mount Savage, Maryland, US. The Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad locomotive shops were established in Mt. Savage in 1866, under the direction of James Millholland. The original locomotive shop was constructed of stone and was 90 feet x 250 feet in size with a 33-foot-high roof. An adjoining car shop, built at about the same time, was also of stone and was later extended with a wooden structure. These buildings still stand in Mt. Savage.

Personnel

James Millholland, Senior
James Millholland, Senior was 54 years old when he and his family came to Mt. Savage from Reading, Pennsylvania. Millholland was a master mechanic and an "advocate of plain engines and simplicity." He had extensive experience in keeping Winans camel engines running from his earlier work in Pennsylvania with the Baltimore & Susquehanna Railroad, and he was credited with many important locomotive innovations. He came in 1866 as the President of Consolidation Coal, and of the C&P. He resigned in 1869, to his estate on the Valley Road, in Cumberland. He was credited with developing the first anthracite-burning locomotive, and was Superintendent of Motive Power for the line for many years. He is also credited with constructing the first iron deck girder bridge in the U.S. for the Baltimore & Susquehanna near Bolton in the period 1846–47. He was responsible for so many improvements to the basic Winans camel engine, that the class was referred to as "Millholland Camels". He is credited with designing a 12-wheeled camel engine, built in the P&R shops in 1863.

James Millholland, Junior
His son, James Junior, was 24 when the family moved to Mt. Savage. He had been born in Reading in 1842, and had apprenticed in the railroad shops. He also joined the C&P, becoming Master Mechanic, and was vice president by the time his father retired. He left the C&P in 1879 to join the George's Creek and Cumberland Railroad. The younger Millholland was tasked with building the C&P shops, to maintain the mixed fleet of motive power. He had the right experience for the job.

Millholland bought good machine tools, which were still in use 40 years later as evidenced by the 1917 ICC valuation. He equipped the shops with metal working machinery from Bement & Dougherty, probably a predecessor of Wm. B. Bement & Son of Philadelphia.

Work undertaken

Repair and rebuilding
Initially, the work supervised by Millholland at the Mt. Savage Shops was limited to repairing and rebuilding the Winans Camels and other early C&P locomotives. The shop force gained much hands-on experience during the first twenty years; at least 15 of the C&P's camel-backed locos were rebuilt at Mt. Savage (some twice). Typical of the rebuilds was the engine Highlander, a Winans Camel inherited from the Mount Savage Railroad. It was a modernization project in which, among other things, the cab was relocated from on top of the boiler to the rear position. The C&P shops also provided repair services to its rivals in the Georges Creek coal region.

New build
Initially, the Winans Camels and other early locomotives were extensively rebuilt, and much hands-on experience was gained during the period from 1866–1888. The first recorded engine 'build' was a 0-10-0 unit in 1868. This could have been a modification to a Winans Camel. By the 1880s, the shops that Millholland had set up apparently had built quite an extensive operation, able to offer custom built locomotives for sale in addition to meeting the requirements of the parent C&P.

The period beginning in 1883 was an exciting one for heavy manufacturing in Mount Savage. A locomotive catalog was issued for the Works by their agent, Thomas B. Inness & Co. of Broadway, New York. The catalog listed five types of engines for sale, and their specifications. Evidence was that the catalog was successful, and numerous sales to other roads resulted. This helped finance production for the home road, spurred development, and helped employment. Narrow gauge engines proved so popular a product that the works installed a third rail up the main line from Mount Savage for customer acceptance testing.

Engine production was active between 1885 and 1917. Engines were produced for other roads as well. The production figures for 1882 list 19 passenger and freight engines outshopped, with 16 more in 1883.

One particularly good customer was T. H. Paul & Sons of Frostburg. A former C&P master mechanic himself (1854–1855), Paul established shops in Cumberland and Frostburg. He built mine engines and smaller narrow gauge locomotives at his shops, but contracted with Mount Savage for his larger orders. His Frostburg works were located near the existing C&P Passenger station, and some of the buildings still stand in 1999.

Heavy machinery
The following table shows some of the machinery used in the original shop. All of the rotating power machinery was driven by leather belts from overhead master shafts.  These in turn, were powered by a stationary steam engine in the adjacent power house. A similar facility may be seen  today at the East Broad Top Railroad, in Pennsylvania.

Equipment from Bement & Dougherty, unless otherwise noted
engine lathe, 28-inch x 8-foot bed
horizontal boring and drilling machine, table size 24 inches x 44 inches
18-inch x 48-inch engine lathe, C&P
18-inch x 24-inch engine lathe, C&P
vertical boring mill 54 inches
car wheel boring mill, 48-inch table
10-inch slotter
wooden jib crane, 20-foot mast, 15-foot boom, 4.5-ton capacity, C&P
punch & shear, 30-inch throat (used for rivet holes)

Car shop
The car shop would build the wooden parts of the engine, such as the cab.
18-inch rip saw
Lowell drill press
Tice shaper/molder

Blacksmith shop
Fulton 500-pound power hammer (for forging)

Manufacturing procedures
Locomotive manufacturing during this period was hard, heavy, dangerous work. It proceeded according to numerous 'rules of thumb' developed by the master mechanic over the years. Innovations were introduced slowly. There were continuous efforts to reduce costs, and increase performance. Weight reduction was not desirable, as weight-on-drivers contributed directly to tractive effort. Locomotive frames were usually riveted, built-up construction, of wrought iron and later, steel.

According to White, experience at the Norris Locomotive Works showed that a team of 14 men could build a locomotive in 15 days. This was assuming the parts were on hand. A locomotive is a carefully integrated collection of a large number of specialty parts.

Boilers
The typical boiler was constructed of 5/16-inch wrought iron, starting as plate, and rolled to shape. The lap joints were single riveted. There is a long way between watertight and steam tight. Later, double riveting, and reinforced butt joints were used. Welding was not yet a developed technology, particularly for a pressure vessel. Boiler tubes were typically iron tubing of 2 inches diameter. They were lap welded, and reportedly difficult to flange.

Lagging
Boilers were covered, or lagged, to reduce heat loss, and increase efficiency. Wood slats were used originally. After 1900, asbestos was a favored lagging material. It was common for the slabs of the mineral to be machined to fit. This produced large clouds of asbestos dust that is now known to be a major carcinogen, a significant cause of lung cancer. The use of dust masks, hearing protection, and safety glasses was unknown at the time. The boiler shops were a haze of asbestos dust.

Water feed
Millholland favored Giffard's water injectors, based on the favorable experience with them on the Reading line. He was also an early advocate of feedwater heaters, using them as early as 1855. His designs have them on the right side, under the engine running board. They are about 10 feet long, and 8 inches in diameter. These are a visible clue to engines produced in Mount Savage. Millholland is also responsible for the development of the poppet throttle, originally retrofitted on Camel engines in Pennsylvania.

Cylinders
The cylinders were usually cast in halves, assembled, and bored to size. This represented the most complex and expensive operation of the whole locomotive assembly. In 1856, it was common for the boring operation to consume 2 days. The pistons were cast iron, with fitted brass piston rings.

Driving wheels
The driving wheels were typically cast iron, and axles were usually 6-inch-diameter wrought iron. Driving wheels were fitted with replaceable tires. On the basis of his previous experience, Millholland favored cast-iron tires, shrunk onto the wheels. His father had experimented with steel tires around 1851–52, and they became standard later. Some early accidents on the C&P involved wheel failures. In 1872, Engine No. 11 broke a wheel below Frostburg, requiring the assistance of the work train, and delaying the pay car, according to the Frostburg Mining Journal.

Connecting rods
Connecting rods were cast, and bearings were brass and/or Babbitt metal. The early lubricants were all animal fat based, and only suitable for low temperature applications. Later, petroleum based lubricants provided much better performance.

Gauges
Engine safety appliances were sparse. The Bourdon gauge for pressure readings was patented in 1849. A rival gauge was developed in 1857 by Wooten. Glass sight gauges for boiler water level were not popular until the 1890s. Part of the problem was production of the proper glass, and the sealing of the gauge.

Lamps
Head lights were originally oil lamps. These units were box-shaped, and had an 18- to 22-inch parabolic reflector. They could cast a 1000-foot beam, sufficient for low-speed operation in darkness. An important improvement was introduced with the advent of lamps powered by carbide. Similar to the lamps used by miners, these lamps used the reaction of water and the mineral calcium carbide to produce acetylene gas, which burned with a bright light. Later, electric lamps and generators were fitted. C&P tenders were also fitted with lamps on the rear, since the engines frequently operated in reverse on the various coal branches where they could not be turned.

References

 Stakem, Patrick H. "Cumberland & Pennsylvania Railroad Revisited," 2002,

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of the United States
Industrial buildings and structures in Maryland


Ditteridge is a hamlet in the civil parish of Box, Wiltshire, England. It is about  northwest of Box village and  west of the town of Corsham. Formerly a larger settlement, it has an early Norman church and had its own civil parish for a time in the 19th century.

History
The Fosse Way Roman road passes  west of Ditteridge. Domesday Book in 1086 recorded a small settlement at Digeric with six households and a half share in a mill.

Consisting today of a farm and a handful of houses, the ancient parish of Ditteridge (which included the hamlet of Alcombe) had a larger population, peaking at 119 at the 1851 census. As well as land around the hamlet (mostly to its north), the parish had three detached parts, all within the current Box parish. The civil parish, created in 1837, was combined with Box in 1884.

Cheney Court (or Cheyney Court) is a large 17th-century manor house of two and a half storeys. In the late 19th century the author P. G. Wodehouse spent some of his childhood there while his parents lived in Hong Kong, the house being owned by his grandmother and four of his aunts. The Grade II* listed building was used by a language school – part of the Marcus Evans Group – as recently as 2020 but was absent from the company's website in January 2022.

At Middlehill, half a mile to the south, a spa was built in 1783 but failed after a few years. Spa House is from that period, and nearby Middlehill House is an 1830s recasing of a mid-18th century building.

From circa 1849 a school was associated with the church; after it closed in the 1880s, children attended the school at Box.

Location
Ditteridge is about  east of the Three Shire Stones, which mark the point where the counties of Gloucestershire, Somerset, and Wiltshire meet.

Parish church
The parish church of St Christopher is described by Orbach as "small and characterful". There is evidence of a Saxon church on the site. The rubble stone nave of the present church dates from c.1100, as evidenced by the south doorway which has carving of unusually high quality. The imposts have a winged dragon and a horse, and masked men's heads; the arch has lyre-shaped leaf motifs and the blank tympanum has a shallow niche, perhaps for a statue. East of the porch is a small Norman arch-headed light.

The chancel was added in the 13th century and has a piscina from the same period. The south porch was built in the 14th century, and changes were made to the windows in the 15th. Restoration in 1859–60 by E. W. Godwin included new roofs, ashlar lining to the north and east walls of the chancel, and an outer arched surround to the doorway. Some stained glass was designed by Godwin and the massive stone pulpit with incised decoration, described by Historic England as "high Victorian", is also his. A north vestry was added in the 20th century.

The stone bowl of the font is Norman although its shaft and base are probably later medieval. The small bellcote above the junction of nave and chancel has a single bell dated c.1599. There are seven Grade II listed monuments in the churchyard.

At some point the benefice was united with Box and Hazelbury, although the parishes remain distinct. Today the parish is part of the Lidbrook Group, which also covers St John's church at Colerne.

References

External links
 Ditteridge at GENUKI

Box, Wiltshire
Hamlets in Wiltshire
Former civil parishes in Wiltshire


Etna is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, Kentucky, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1083 feet (330 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Pulaski County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


The 1970 Thomas Cup was the eighth tournament of Thomas Cup, the most important men's badminton team competition in the world. The final set of ties (team matches) were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Indonesia won its fourth title after beating Malaysia in the Final Round.

Teams
25 teams took part in the competition, 3 of them in the Australasian Zone, 8 in the Asian Zone, 9 in the European Zone and 5 in the Pan American Zone. As defending champion, Malaysia received a bye through the zone qualifications and the first round of Inter-zone ties, and played directly in the second round of inter-zone ties (the semifinal round of the entire tournament).

Australasian Zone

Asian Zone

European Zone

Panamerican Zone

Qualifications

Australasian zone

First round

Final round

Asian zone

Final round

European zone

First round

Second round

Third round

Final round

Panamerican zone

First round

Second round

Final round

Summary of qualification (Intra-zone) ties
New Zealand, led by the Purser brothers, Richard and Bryan, won the Australasian Zone for the  first time by beating Australia (8-1) and Singapore (7-2). Denmark again prevailed in the European Zone. Its closest tie came in the zone semifinal against England which the Danes won six matches to three, thanks largely to Svend Pri's three victories. Three wins by Jamie Paulson were also instrumental in Canada's first ever victory (6–3) over the USA in the Pan American zone.

The greatest drama came in the Asian Zone which contained several of the strongest teams in the entire competition. Indonesia, fighting to regain the cup that it had relinquished in 1967, began its quest by defeating India (7-2). It then became embroiled in yet another highly controversial tie, but this time one in which Indonesia, rather than its opponent nation, claimed to be the victim of partisanship. Facing Thailand in Bangkok, up three matches to two, Indonesia removed its player (Muljadi) from the court during the first game of the sixth match and refused to continue. Though Thailand was initially awarded the tie, 6-3, the IBF upheld an Indonesian protest and ordered the tie to be continued, at three matches each in Japan, where the zone final was scheduled to be played.  When Thailand refused to comply, Indonesia was awarded the match (6-3). In the zone final Indonesia   faced a Japanese team which boasted one of the strongest lineups of singles players (Ippei Kojima, Masao Akiyama, and Junji Honma) in the tournament. Indonesia finally prevailed (5-4), largely because of Rudy Hartono's four victories.

Inter-zone playoffs

Prior to the 1969-1970 Thomas Cup series the defending champion nation had been exempt from earlier play, needing only to defeat a challenger in a single, conclusive challenge round tie. Beginning with this series, however, the defending champion received a bye only to an inter-zone semifinal tie, needing to win this contest and the inter-zone final in order to retain the Cup. Malaysia, defending its title at home in Kuala Lumpur, drew a Danish team which was missing two of its leading "regulars." The veteran Erland Kops, highly critical of the IBF's (BWF's) decision to sustain Indonesia's protest against Thailand (see Intra-zone summary above), declined to play in further Thomas Cup contests. For reasons less clear, Denmark's top singles player Svend Pri was also unavailable. Nevertheless, Malaysia had great difficulty against a group of opponents who seemed to be less affected by the tropical heat and humidity than previous Danish squads had been. Playing first singles for Denmark, the talented Elo Hansen stunned both Tan Aik Huang and "Punch" Gunalan in straight game, while the veteran Henning Borch outlasted Abdul Rahman in the third singles match. Malaysia managed to scrape home 5–4  by taking three of the four doubles matches and both singles against the Danish number two. Gunalan atoned for his loss to Hansen by decisively winning his remaining singles and doubles.

In the other half of the draw, Indonesia, having barely survived the Asian zone qualification, coasted through two ties against first time inter-zone participants. It beat New Zealand without the loss of a match or a game, and Canada with almost equal ease. In eight singles games against Rudy Hartono and Muljadi, Canada's Jamie Paulson and Wayne Macdonnell could aggregate only 21 points.

First round

Second round

Final round summary

Malaysia's struggle on its home courts against Denmark had boded badly for its chances against Indonesia, but the relative ease of Indonesia's victory in the final still surprised many observers. Indonesia captured five of the first six matches, including all four at the first two singles positions, to wrest the Cup from Malaysia. Though "Punch" Gunalan was Malaysia's strongest all-around player at this time, he was also (at the comparatively late age of 26) a Thomas Cup rookie, and nerves may have played a role in his tame lead-off loss to the veteran Muljadi. He won the first of his doubles matches with the redoubtable Ng Boon Bee and extended Rudy Hartono to three games in the fifth match of the tie, but the potential three wins which might have been expected from Gunalan's racket did not materialize. Indonesia regained the title by a final score of 7–2, in one of the very few Thomas Cup occasions that a team has had much more difficulty in qualifying for the final set of ties than in winning it. Again, Hartono won all four of his matches.

Final round

References

External links
 tangkis.tripod.com
 Mike's Badminton Populorum

Thomas Cup
Thomas Cup
Thomas & Uber Cup
Thomas Cup
1970 in Malaysian sport


The Footy Show was an Australian sports variety television program covering professional rugby league in Australia. It was shown on the Nine Network and aired for 25 seasons. For the final season in 2018, the show was hosted by journalist Erin Molan, and co-hosted by Ryan Girdler and Brad Fittler, with regular contributions from Beau Ryan and Darryl Brohman. It was previously hosted by former rugby league footballer and commentator Paul Vautin for 23 years, with former player and commentator Peter Sterling also an early host from the first 12 years. Having aired on Thursday nights since 1994, the program was largely entertainment-based, with some football-related content included, such as previews of the weekend's fixtures and interviews with players.

The name The Footy Show derives from the diminutive form of the word football commonly used in Australian English.

Dallas Anderson On 2 October 2018, it was announced that the show had been axed and would not continue in 2019.

Presenters
 Paul Vautin (1994–2017, Main Host)
 Erin Molan (regular appearance 2012–2013, co-host 2014–2017, main host 2018)
 Beau Ryan (regular appearance 2009–2014, co-host 2014–2018)
 Darryl Brohman (co-host 2010–2017, 'Small Talk' segment 2018) (appeared as a regular guest 2001−2004)
 Ryan Girdler (co-host 2018)
 Brad Fittler (co-host 2011, 2018)
 Bryan Fletcher (Sportsbet Updates, 2012−2013) (appeared as a regular guest 2003−2011)
 Joel Caine (Sportsbet Updates, 2014–2018)
 David Middleton (2013–2017, stats man)
 Michael Slater (2012–2014, co-host)
 Wendell Sailor (2009–2010)
 Laurie Daley (2008) (co-host)
 Matthew Johns (2003–2009) (co-host and played various comedic characters)
 Paul Harragon (2001–2008) (appeared as special guest host on 23 May 2013, 17 June 2014, and again on 23 June 2016)
 Andrew Voss (1997–2011) (appeared as a regular guest 1997–2008 and in 2011, and as a co-host 2009 – 2010)
 Peter Sterling (1994–2006, 2010, major co-host)
 Steve Roach (1994–1999, co-host)
 Ray Hadley (1994–1996, 1998) (occasionally appears for 5-in-the-bin, as of 2012)
 Mario Fenech (1994–2013)
 Allan Robinson (Robbo P.I. – Pest Incorporated)

Regular guests
 Phil Gould (1995−2008)
 Terry Hill (1996−2000)
 Paul Langmack (1997−2001)
 Mark Geyer (2000−2007)
 Wayne Pearce (2000−2001)
 Nathan Brown (2001)
 Jason Stevens (2002−2006)
 Billy Slater (2010–2018)
 James Maloney (2012–2018)
 Paul Gallen (2013–2018)
 Sam Thaiday (2013–2018)
 Tommy Raudonikis (2016–2017, regular panelist)
 Brett Finch (2013–2016, regular panelist)
 Yvonne Sampson (2013–2016, regular panelist)
 Gorden Tallis (2012–2015, regular panelist)
 Anthony Minichiello (2015, hosted the 'Mini-fit' segment)
 Bryan Fletcher (Sportsbet Updates, 2013)
 Sam Burgess (2011–2014, regular panelist)

Entertainment

 Carl Barron
 Tahir Bilgiç
 Phil Cass
 Anh Do
 Steve Irwin
 Peter Powers
 Vince Sorrenti
 Stevie Starr

Scheduling
The NRL version of the show aired every Thursday.

NSW & QLD
 Thursday Night: approx. 9.40pm on Nine (after the Thursday Night Football)
 Sunday Morning: 11am on Nine

VIC, TAS, SA, & WA
 Thursday Night: 11.30pm on Nine
 Sunday Morning: VIC – 1pm, SA – 12.30pm, WA – 11am on 9Gem (Leading in Nine's Sunday Football)

From 1994 to 2012, The Footy Show usually aired at 9.30 pm AEST, However, on 28 November 2012, Nine announced that the show would air at 8.30 pm AEST.

Thursdays
In New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory, the NRL version of The Footy Show aired on Thursday evenings, and the AFL version would air later that night. In the AFL dominated states of Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania, the air time is reversed.

The Thursday night NRL version was based around variety with segments, bands and a serious discussion about current issues in the game and past/future match-ups.

Former segments included Anti-Ads, National Naan News (with Mahatma Cote), Daredevil Dudes, Hill Report (with Terry Hill), Yesterday's Hero (with Paul Langmack), Going.. Going.. Gooone, "Crack-a-Fat", One Versus One, No Talent Time, Their House (with Ryan Girdler later with Bryan Fletcher), Reg Reagan and That's Gold. Crack-a Fat returned as a segment in 2013, while That's Gold returned in 2014.

Perhaps the most popular segment introduced on The Footy Show in 2010 is "Stuff You May Have Missed", a weekly wrap-up of bloopers that viewers may have missed during the previous NRL round plus many bloopers from various television programs, not just on Channel Nine but other stations. The segment was dropped in 2013.

2015 segments on the show included "Kick or Grab", "The Footy Show Row Show", "The Molan Files", "Beau Knows", "That's Gold", "Perfect Partners", "Stuff You May Have Missed", and "Player Probe".

Due to Thursday night football being featured on the Nine Network for the 2016 NRL season, The Footy Show moved to Wednesdays at 8.30pm from March 2016. However, from 25 August 2016, the show moved back into its former Thursday night timeslot.

The show's 500th episode aired on 11 August 2011.

Sundays

The Sunday Footy Show is hosted by Erin Molan, Peter Sterling and Brad Fittler, along with regular panellist Sam Thaiday.

In all AFL dominated states, The Sunday Footy Show is shown on delay at 1pm on 9GEM which is immediately followed at 3pm by Nine's broadcast of Sunday afternoon football (the telecast into SA was controversially canceled in early 2014 but returned in late 2015). Before 2013, The Sunday Footy Show was not broadcast into the AFL dominated states.

History

1990s
The Footy Show debuted in finals week of 1994 at the same time as a sister program The Footy Show (AFL). The original hosts (in 1994) were 'Fatty' aka Paul Vautin, 'Sterlo' (Peter Sterling), and 'Blocker' (Steve Roach), with regular appearances by Ray Hadley. Contrary to what was seen on air, Hadley and Roach did not have a good relationship with the rest of the team, Hadley and Roach left at the end of the 1998 season and 1999 season respectively for varying reasons. Hadley had become disillusioned as a result of the confirmation that the Super League competition would take place in Australia in 1997 (see Super League War). This meant that the Footy Show would be required to give fair coverage and discussion of both the Super League and ARL competitions during its broadcast. Hadley had been a stout supporter of the more traditional ARL, believing that Super League's agenda was backed by money and greed and was not prepared to lend his support to the rival competition, thus leading to his eventual departure from the show. Hadley left at the end of 1996, and returned to the show in 1998, before leaving for good at the end of the 1998 season. Roach, on the other hand, had been involved in an altercation, allegedly assaulting a heckler in a Sydney pub. Channel Nine, not wanting to condone such conduct and wishing to preserve its reputation, were quick to terminate Roach's contract as a result of his actions.

For two years, Vautin and Sterling presented the show by themselves, often with guest hosts such as Darryl Brohman, Paul Langmack, Wayne Pearce, Phil Gould, the Johns brothers (Andrew and Matthew), Ryan Girdler with his highly popular segment, Their House, the name a parody of the Australian TV program Our House (a lifestyle programme).

2000s
In 2001, a contest was held to find a new co-host, via a parody of the hit show Survivor (also shown on Nine), and popular Newcastle premiership winning captain Paul Harragon, also known as 'Chief', was selected. In 2003, fellow former Knights player Matthew Johns joined as the fourth host, following the success of his appearances as alter egos Reg Reagan and Trent The Flight Steward the previous year. A new character, Randy Discotelli, based upon an American fitness instructor, was introduced in 2005.

Paul Harragon's introduction to the show brought popular segments such as 'That's Tops', which involves giving the 'thumbs up' sign with both hands simultaneously. 'That's Tops' ran from 2002 until the end of 2004. Mario Fenech, aka The Falcon, also appears often as a host. In 2005 'That's Gold' was introduced, a hand gesture which involves placing an upright clenched fist on an open palm; both gestures have become popular throughout Australia and New Zealand and are often 'performed' at NRL-related sports venues across the country (the That's Gold segment was re-introduced to the show in 2014).

In May 2005, due to declining ratings, former host Ray Hadley was invited back to the show. However, he declined this offer due to his radio commitments on 2GB. Rebecca Wilson was also invited to be part of the show and she accepted. However, Vautin and Sterling disapproved of this move due to personal reasons, and Wilson appeared for only one episode.

The show has spawned three "best of" video/DVDs, a compilation CD, the Reg Reagan All of Me DVD and the single "Am I Ever Gonna See the Biff Again?" by Reg Reagan and the Knucklemen (Reagan is a parody of a stereotypical ocker football players from the 1970s).

For a period of ten weeks from June 2005, the show was hosted by Matthew Johns, due to head injuries suffered by Vautin while filming a comedy sketch for the show. Vautin returned in September 2005. Clive James also guest presented a show during this period.

The Footy Show is more a variety show than a typical sports program. This is evident through the many games that the members play such as Going, Going, GOOONE! and segments such as Daredevil Dudes. It was on one Daredevil Dudes segment where Vautin suffered his head injury when he fell and hit his head on a concrete gutter. Only one match is previewed in significant depth, it generally being the Friday Night showcase.

In 2007, Peter Sterling decided not to return to the show so he could concentrate on commentating. The show decided to keep the three hosts (Vautin, Harragon and Johns). In 2008, Laurie Daley joined the show as a fourth host.

In early 2009, it was announced that Paul Harragon had quit the show, Laurie Daley had returned to Foxtel (where he first began his television career) and Andrew Voss would join to replace the departing hosts. In May 2009, Matthew Johns was sacked by the network in controversial circumstances.

2010s
In 2010, the show underwent a format change. Andrew Voss was removed as host (but still remained on the show as a supporting presenter), and Paul Vautin was joined by three other hosts (Peter Sterling (who returned as a co-host after a three-year absence), Wendell Sailor and Darryl Brohman) who alternated their appearances weekly. In 2011, Wendell Sailor and Peter Sterling left as hosts and the show returned to having three weekly hosts with Vautin, Brohman and Brad Fittler. 2012 has seen Fittler leave the show, and former test cricketer Michael Slater become co-host along with Vautin; Brohman was dropped off as co-host and replaced Andrew Voss as a supporting presenter (most notably presenting the segment "Stuff You May Have Missed"). He returned to being a co-host in 2013.

Michael Slater's place on the show had been questioned by fans who continued to ask why a former cricketer is the host of a rugby league oriented television show. Andrew Voss was replaced on the show after 2011 when he was sacked by Nine after comments he made about the statue of the stations lead rugby league commentator Ray "Rabs" Warren in Warren's home town of Junee.

2018 Revamp and Axing
It was announced on 13 October 2017 that the show was set for a refresh in the 2018 season. The format, look and casting of the show was rumored to be changed as Channel Nine entered a new broadcasting deal to show 23 Thursday night NRL games in 2018.

On 17 October 2017, reports emerged from various news sources that host Paul Vautin had been axed from the show, whilst other reports stated that the show had been axed altogether, despite being announced as returning at the Nine Network 2018 Upfronts event. It was reported that a new 1-hour show was to be hosted by Erin Molan after the Thursday night NRL fixture, and would be more news-focused rather than a variety format as the show had been classified as in recent years.

On 15 January 2018, it was confirmed by the Nine Network that Erin Molan would host a new-look version of The Footy Show, to be broadcast after Nine's regular Thursday night NRL fixtures. Molan was joined by members of the Wide World of Sports commentary team as well as former and current NRL players. Whilst previously announcing his departure from the show, Darryl Brohman along with Beau Ryan confirmed they would remain part of the show in 2018 to continue hosting their regular segments. Paul Vautin's duties were restricted to commentary roles on the network, signalling an end to his 24-year hosting tenure of the show.

On 15 February 2018, it was announced that Ryan Girdler would become a full-time panellist in 2018, alongside Wide World of Sports commentator Andrew Johns.

James Bracey assumed main hosting duties of the show from 17 May 2018, as Erin Molan departed for maternity leave. She returned to hosting during the 2018 season's final weeks.

An emotional Paul Vautin made a guest appearance on 24 May 2018 as the show was broadcast live from Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane. He expressed gratitude and thanked his former colleagues, his family and viewers for supporting his 23-year long tenure as the show's main host, after he was relieved of his duties in October 2017.

On 2 October 2018, Channel Nine announced that the show had been axed and would not return to air in 2019. It was replaced by a new Thursday night post-match show called Golden Point, hosted by James Bracey with Paul Vautin featuring as a regular panelist.

Brisbane Footy Show
The Brisbane Footy Show was the original concept of an NRL Footy Show devised by the QTQ9 Production Manager John Evans. The show started in 1993 for two years before Channel 9 headquarters in Sydney believed it was a waste of money and resources to have different footy shows airing in different states. The Brisbane Footy Show started as a high-budget "live" show almost solely concerned with League discussion and a music act. The set was large, encompassing the entire of Studio B including a studio audience of more than 100, with a complete green floor (simulating grass) and a large set of goalposts. There were several areas where interviews were conducted, including "controversy corner" and the "bar room" as well as the main panel desk. The show was hosted by Billy J. Smith during its first year, with Chris Bombolas taking over the following year. Also appearing on the show were Gary Belcher, Kevin Walters (doing Street Beat), Peter Jackson, Mario Fenech, Laurel Edwards and Steve Haddin with a weekly live cross from Sam Newman from the Channel 9 Melbourne AFL Footy Show, who would usually make sarcastic comments towards Mario Fenech. Today, the Sydney version is shown across Queensland.

The Footy Show Fight Night
The Footy Show Fight Night is a boxing event, with the inaugural event occurring on 31 January 2015, headlined by Sonny Bill Williams and his bout against Chauncy Welliver.The first Footy Show Fight Night was hosted by Erin Molan and Beau Ryan, with commentary from Ray Hadley and boxers Jeff Fenech, Danny Green and Anthony Mundine.

Special editions
During May 2006, the town of Beaconsfield, Tasmania was rocked by a collapse of its local gold mine, trapping 34-year-old Todd Russell and 37-year-old Brant Webb and killing Larry Knight. Miraculously, Russell and Webb escaped with aid from emergency workers. To celebrate, both the AFL and the NRL Footy Shows had a special program dedicated to the two survivors. This included a cross to Eddie McGuire who held an interview with Brant and Todd.

In 2006, to celebrate the State of Origin decider—which was to be held in Melbourne for the first time in years—the two shows were filmed in adjoining rooms, in Nine Network Melbourne's complex. On the AFL Show, Fatty went over from the NRL Show to join as a guest for a few minutes. Upon his return, a quiz was held between AFL Show regulars Billy Brownless and Sam Newman, with Matthew Johns and Peter Sterling representing the NRL side. Most of the questions were about either the Melbourne Storm for the NRL boys, since it was a celebration of Melbourne Rugby League, and the Geelong Football Club who Newman and Brownless both played for in the AFL. The AFL boys won the quiz. Also during the show, Newman showed the two boys what he thought of their 2006 Logie by destroying a (presumably) fake Logie while Fatty was on their show.

In 2006, the AFL and NRL produced a special broadcast from Germany. This was to coincide with the Socceroos FIFA World Cup campaign. It was co-hosted by Eddie McGuire and James Brayshaw. Unlike the traditional versions, the special was solely based around the Socceroos' World Cup Campaign.

In July 2014, The Footy Show was broadcast from the Newcastle Entertainment Centre in the lead up to the "Rise for Alex" round in support of 22-year-old Newcastle Knights player Alex McKinnon who had suffered a career ending neck injury earlier in the season which has (currently) confined him to a wheelchair. As the show was in Newcastle, guests included former Footy Show presenter and current Knights CEO Paul Harragon, as well as other Knights legends Andrew Johns and Danny Buderus. Newcastle coach Wayne Bennett also appeared for the first time on the show. The show featured interviews Erin Molan had conducted with both McKinnon and Bennett.

Awards
The Logie Award for Most Popular Sports Program has been going on since 1996 (except 1999 where the award was not given out). The show has won or been nominated every year since this award has been out.

Logies won:
 11 times (2000, 2005–2007, 2009–2010, 2013–2017)

Logies nominated:
 10 times (1996–1998, 2001–2004, 2008, 2011–2012); lost to The AFL Footy Show (1996–1998, 2002–2003, 2008, 2011); The Dream with Roy and HG (2001); The AFL Grand Final (2012)

It has also been nominated for:
 Once (1996) for the Most Popular Light Entertainment award (lost to Hey Hey It's Saturday)

Criticism and controversy
The Footy Show has attracted criticism for its often crass, low-brow humour, and been accused of "celebrating" alcohol in sport. The program once featured alcohol advertisements throughout, and alcohol advertising on the set.

Mario Fenech, who was often the butt of jokes on the show and later in life suffered cognitive decline due to injuries sustained during his rugby career, admitted that he often resented the way he was treated during his time on the programme.

The Sunday Footy Show

International broadcast
The program was shown live in New Zealand on Sky Sport.

Due to the time difference the show was shown on tape delay in the United Kingdom on Premier Sports and in the Republic of Ireland on Setanta Sports. It was normally airs at 10pm on Thursday night, although Premier and Setanta will sometimes show the program earlier in the day in an early evening slot, as well as the 10pm showing.

Also aired in Papua New Guinea on EM TV at the same time as The Queensland telecast.

See also

 List of Australian television series
 List of longest-running Australian television series

References

External links
 The Footy Show website

 The Footy Show (NRL) at the National Film and Sound Archive

Rugby league in Australia
1994 Australian television series debuts
2018 Australian television series endings
2000s Australian television series
Rugby league television shows
Television shows set in New South Wales
English-language television shows
National Rugby League
Australian sports television series
Nine's Wide World of Sport
Television articles with incorrect naming style


Old Fitzgerald is a brand of wheated bourbon distilled in Louisville, Kentucky by Heaven Hill Distilleries, Inc.

History
Old Fitzgerald was first produced in 1870 for rail and steamship lines and private clubs located primarily in the south by John E. Fitzgerald in Frankfort, Kentucky. Around 1900, "Old Fitz" was released to the public in America and Europe. It was one of the few distilled using the pot still method, and continued to do so until around 1913.  During Prohibition, Old Fitzgerald was one of a select few to distill under government supervision for the national medicinal trade, it was soon after acquired by Pappy Van Winkle for $10,000 who then introduced the "Whisper of Wheat" to the original recipe.  By substituting some wheat for the more traditional rye in the grain recipe, Old Fitzgerald presented a rounder, softer profile than other bourbons.

Old Fitzgerald was produced at the Stitzel-Weller Distillery until the distillery was shut down in 1992 and production transferred to Diageo's newly constructed Bernheim Distillery in Louisville. In 1999, Diageo sold the brand, along with the Bernheim Distillery, to Heaven Hill, which currently produces and markets Old Fitzgerald.

Old Fitzgerald products

Current
Larceny Small Batch
Larceny Barrel Proof
Old Fitzgerald Bottled-in-Bond

Previous
Old Fitzgerald Prime
Old Fitzgerald's 1849
Very Special Old Fitzgerald 12 Years Old
Very Old Fitzgerald (8 year)
Very Xtra Old Fitzgerald (10 year)
Very Very Old Fitzgerald (12 year)
Very Very Old Fitzgerald (15 year)
Very Very Old Fitzgerald (18 year)

References

Further reading

Bourbon whiskey
Economy of Louisville, Kentucky
American brands
Alcoholic drink brands
1870 introductions
1870 establishments in Kentucky


Etna is an unincorporated community in Bloomfield Township, Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. Etna is located within ZIP code 55975 based in Spring Valley.

History
A post office previously operated in the community of Etna from 1856 to 1901. The community was named for Mount Etna, on Sicily.

Geography
The community is located eight miles southeast of Spring Valley, at the junction of Fillmore County 14 and 153rd Avenue.  U.S. Highway 63 is nearby.

Etna Creek and the South Branch Root River both flow through the community.

Nearby places in Minnesota include Spring Valley, Ostrander, Le Roy, Cherry Grove, and Greenleafton.  Nearby places in Iowa include Chester and Lime Springs.

Etna is located five miles east of Ostrander; and four miles west of Cherry Grove.  Forestville Mystery Cave State Park is also nearby.

References

 Official State of Minnesota Highway Map – 2011/2012 edition

Unincorporated communities in Minnesota
Unincorporated communities in Fillmore County, Minnesota


Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral and parish church located in Baker City, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1908, it is the seat of the Diocese of Baker. The cathedral church and the parish rectory were included as contributing properties in the Baker Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 1978.

History
The first Catholic services in Baker City were held in October 1862 in a building that the church bought for that purpose. A frame building was erected for a church in 1871 on the site of the present cathedral. The Diocese of Baker City, later shortened to Baker, was created in 1903, and St. Francis de Sales Church was elevated to cathedral status. The present cathedral was constructed from 1906 to 1908. The rectory was built at the same time as the cathedral, but it was completed a year earlier in 1907. Stained glass windows were installed in 1923, 1958, and 1965. The diocesan chancery was added to the north side of the church covering the lower part of the apse in the 1960s. The cathedral was renovated on several occasions, most recently in mid-2007.

Architecture

The cathedral is a Gothic Revival structure that follows a basilican plan without side aisles. It is composed of local volcanic tuff that is rock-faced, rusticated, and ashlar in regular courses. The main facade is flanked by two towers of equal height that are capped with octagon-shaped spires and crosses. A rose window is located in the middle of the main facade above the double entryway. The main nave features three pointed-arch windows on each elevation between buttresses on the exterior. The transept has two larger pointed-arch windows below a rose window on both elevations. Two more pointed-arch windows are located in the apse.

The rectory, which also served as the bishop's house, is composed of volcanic tuff, and it is laid in the same manner as the cathedral. The 2½-story structure is built on a raised foundation. It features a gable roof with dormers and a front porch. A garage was added on the west side in 1960.

The former chancery building is composed of volcanic tuff like the cathedral and the rectory, but it is randomly laid and it does not have the proportion of the other two. It is capped with a flat roof, and its windows and hardware reference the era it was built.

Renovations
The first renovation of the cathedral happened in 1944, when stenciled designs were painted in the sanctuary and apse. In 1958, during the second renovation, the main altar was preserved, but the stenciling was covered up and two sacristies were removed. During the third renovation in 1980, a screen was installed in the sanctuary and the tabernacle moved to the side. The fourth renovation began in 2007.

See also
List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States
Francis de Sales

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

 Official Cathedral Site
 Diocese of Baker Official Site

Religious organizations established in 1862
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1908
Francis de Sales
Buildings and structures in Baker City, Oregon
Roman Catholic churches in Oregon
Tourist attractions in Baker County, Oregon
Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker
Gothic Revival church buildings in Oregon
Historic district contributing properties in Oregon
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States


Lattes may refer to:
 Lattes, Hérault, a commune in southern France
Canton of Lattes
 the plural of "latte":
 Latte, a type of coffee drink
 Latte stone, traditionally used in the Marianas
 Lattes Platform, the Brazilian Government information system on science and technology

People with the name
 César Lattes (1924–2005), Brazilian physicist
 Franco Lattes (1917–1994), Italian writer
 Isaac Lattes (14th-century), a rabbi who lived in Provence
 Marcel Lattès (1886–1943), French composer
 Samuel Lattès (1873–1918), French mathematician

See also
 JC Lattès, a French publishing house
 Lattès map, in mathematics
 Latte (disambiguation)

Surnames of Sephardic origin


State Route 169 (SR 169) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, located entirely within King County. It runs  from Enumclaw to Renton, passing through Black Diamond and Maple Valley. The highway, also known as the Maple Valley Highway, functions as a major rural and suburban route for the southeastern Seattle metropolitan area and connects several highways, including SR 410, SR 18, and Interstate 405 (I-405).

The Enumclaw–Maple Valley–Renton highway was built in 1914 and expanded in the early 1930s by the county government. It was absorbed into the state highway system in 1937 and designated as a branch of Primary State Highway 5 and renumbered to SR 169 in 1964. Recent residential development in Maple Valley and surrounding areas has increased traffic congestion on the highway, leading to a series of widening and improvement projects funded primarily by city governments.

Route description

SR 169 begins on a section of Porter Street in downtown Enumclaw at an intersection with SR 164 (Griffin Avenue). The intersection is adjacent to a satellite campus of the Green River College system and is a half-mile () from the junction of SR 164 and SR 410, which travels west towards Puyallup and east across the Cascade Mountains. SR 169 travels north through Enumclaw's residential neighborhoods and leaves the city after crossing Newaukam Creek. The highway continues north across the rural Enumclaw Plateau and past several gravel mines before beginning its ascent into the hills of Black Diamond.

The highway crosses  over the Green River gorge on the Kummer Bridge (officially the Dan Evans Bridge) downriver of Franklin, a ghost town. SR 169 continues northwest through the city of Black Diamond, surrounded by several coal mines, and passes a trailhead for the Black Diamond Natural Area near Lake Sawyer. It turns north at the southern boundary of Maple Valley, near a crossing of a railroad, and travels through several suburban subdivisions near Tahoma High School. The highway widens to five lanes in the city's Four Corners commercial center, where it intersects the eastern end of SR 516, which travels west to Covington and Kent. SR 169 continues northwest through suburban neighborhoods surrounding Lake Wilderness and reaches the city's northern commercial district, where it runs parallel to SR 18, a major regional freeway. The two highways are connected by a local road, Southeast 231st Street, but do not directly intersect. SR 169 crosses under SR 18 and continues northwest along the Cedar River and the Cedar River Trail.

SR 169 continues along the west bank of the Cedar River, running north at the floor of the rural Cedar River Valley southwest of Squak Mountain. The highway turns west near Maple Valley Heights and passes several recreational areas. The road widens to four lanes and enters Renton after crossing over the Cedar River. SR 169 briefly swings southwest before continuing northwest on its way towards a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-405. The highway continues under the freeway to an intersection with SR 900 at Bronson Way and Sunset Boulevard, where SR 169 terminates.

The entire route of SR 169, also known as the Maple Valley Highway, was designated by the state government as a Highway of Statewide Significance in 2006, recognizing its role in connecting major communities. The highway is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on the state's highways to measure traffic volume in terms of average annual daily traffic. In 2016, WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of the highway, near I-405 in Renton, carried an average of 43,000 vehicles per day. The least traveled section of SR 169, located at its southern terminus in Enumclaw, carried only 7,700 vehicles.

History

The Enumclaw and Black Diamond highway was constructed in 1914 by the county government, using funds allocated by the state legislature. The highway replaced an earlier road with steeper grades of up to 20 percent, reducing them to a maximum of 5 percent. A steel bridge was constructed across the Green River gorge near Franklin, at a cost of $30,000 ( dollars). An extension through Maple Valley to Renton was also constructed using separate funds. It follows the general route of the Columbia and Puget Sound Railroad, a branch of the transcontinental Northern Pacific Railway that was constructed in the 1880s to connect the area's coal mines to Seattle.

Most of the highway was reconstructed and paved in the early 1930s. The bridge over the Green River was rebuilt in 1933 with a steel truss and concrete road deck. The Enumclaw–Renton highway was designated as a branch of Primary State Highway 5 in 1937. During the 1964 state highway renumbering, it was re-designated as SR 169. In the late 1980s, WSDOT straightened and widened a section of SR 169 after completing a land swap deal with the Burlington Northern Railroad, contingent on a new track built in exchange for the abandonment of a section along the highway.

Since the 1990s, residential development in Maple Valley has led to traffic congestion and an increase in collisions on sections of SR 169. Despite calls for highway expansion, the state government has prioritized other corridors instead of SR 169, with no plans for future construction. The city government independently funded $47 million in interim corridor improvements, including the addition of auxiliary lanes, sidewalks, and bicycle lanes. A 2016 study of the corridor's safety by WSDOT concluded that the outdated design of the roadway had reached its capacity and was in need of immediate improvement to handle expected traffic volumes. An earlier WSDOT study recommended $300 million in projects to widen SR 169 to four or six lanes between Black Diamond and Renton.

The Kummer Bridge was closed between November 2008 and June 2009 for an emergency reconstruction project after the discovery of major ground movement. The $10 million project was funded by the federal government and included a new retaining wall.

Major intersections

References

External links

Highways of Washington State

169
Transportation in King County, Washington


Etna is an unincorporated community in Scotland County, Missouri, United States. It lies at an elevation of 755 feet (230 m).

History
The first settlement at Etna was made as early as 1855 by a colony of Germans. Etna, named for the Sicilian volcano, was surveyed and laid out in April, 1865 by Andrew Hunt.

Etna was the site of a small skirmish during the early days of the Civil War. On July 21, 1861, the 1st Northeast Missouri Home Guards under Colonel David Moore, with assistance of additional units from Iowa and Illinois, attacked pro-Confederate Missouri State Guard (MSG) forces at Etna. The action was part of General Nathaniel Lyon's efforts to clear "rebels" from rural Missouri. After a brief battle the MSG forces, mostly lightly armed cavalry, were driven from the town and surrounding areas of Scotland County and Moore's unit returned to its main base at Athens, Missouri.

Notable person
 Tom Horn, American old west lawman, scout, and outlaw; raised on a farm near Etna.

References

Unincorporated communities in Scotland County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri


Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia (17 October [O.S. 5 October] 1896 – 23 October 1978) was a member of the House of Romanov.

Early life
Prince Roman Petrovich was born in the Peterhof Palace in St. Petersburg the only son of Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia and his wife Princess Milica of Montenegro. Prince Roman belonged to the Nikolaevichi branch of the Russian Imperial Family which was founded by his grandfather Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich.

Biography
In 1916 having graduated from the Nicholas Engineering Academy of Kiev, Prince Roman was posted to serve in a Caucasian Sappers Regiment on the Turkish front. Following the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, Prince Roman resided at his father's Dulber estate in the Crimea and in April 1919 he left Russia on the British battleship HMS Marlborough.

In 1941 he was offered and refused the crown of the newly established Italian puppet state, the Kingdom of Montenegro.

Marriage and issue
Prince Roman was married on 16 November 1921 at Cap d'Antibes, France to Countess Praskovia Sheremeteva (18 October 1901–
21 December 1980) and they had two sons:
Nicholas Romanovich, Prince of Russia (1922–2014)
Prince Dimitri Romanovich of Russia (1926–2016)

Ancestry

References

1896 births
1978 deaths
Princes of royal blood (Russia)
White Russian emigrants to France
White Russian emigrants to Italy
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Italy
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Exiled royalty


First Snow may refer to:

 First Snow (1958 film), a South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young
 First Snow (2006 film), a German/American film starring Guy Pearce and Piper Perabo
 First Snow (2012 film), a Canadian film directed by Michaël Lalancette
 "First Snow", a song by Dave Holland from Jumpin' In, 1984


Sanford H. Roth (1906–1962) was an American photographer whose work has appeared in Time, Life, Look, Fortune, Paris Match, Elle, Der Stern, Harper's Bazaar, Vogue, Oggi, People, and other publications.  His photographs of James Dean still appear regularly in books, magazines, print and other works all over the world.

Biography
Roth was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York.  His profession of managing chain stores brought him to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s, where he met and married Beulah Spigelgass. In 1946, he quit his career to pursue his real passion—photography—and the Roths moved to Europe. Soon Roth, also known as "Sandy", became a photojournalist not only to the film industry, but to other notable people of his time.

Photographer
The Roths traveled between Hollywood, Europe, and other locations around the globe.  They shared a passion for cats, shopping, clothes, Paris, Rome, flea markets, Roman antiquities, art, and people.   Roth's photographs became synonymous with a sense of quality and intimacy capturing unreachable celebrities and artists in moments when their guard was down.

Sandy with his wife Beulah, met, entertained, photographed and became friends with the who's who of post World War II Europe and Hollywood.  Those photographs included:
Albert Einstein, Alfred Hitchcock, James Dean (a personal friend), Judy Garland, Joan Crawford, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Audrey Hepburn, Aldous Huxley, Noël Coward, Jimmy Stewart, Christopher Isherwood, Louis Armstrong, Paul Newman, Gino Severini, Blaise Cendrars, Alberto Moravia, Moise Kisling, Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, Grace Kelly, Danny Kaye, Romy Schneider, Anna Magnani, Jack Lemmon, Deborah Kerr, Igor Stravinsky, Dimitri Mitropoulos, Sophia Loren, Darius Milhaud, Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie, Edwin Hubble, Jean Renoir, Alain Delon, John Wayne, George Antheil, Afro Basaldella, Alberto Burri, Edward G. Robinson, Jean Cocteau, Peter Ustinov, Rossana Podesta, Darryl Zanuck, George Stevens, Colette, Groucho Marx, Tennessee Williams, Ava Gardner, Fred Zinnemann, Cary Grant, and many others.

In 1955, Edward Steichen selected Roth's photograph for the section 'Childhood Magic' of the world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man that was seen by 9 million visitors and disseminated in a popular catalogue that is still in print today. The graphically striking high-angle photograph shows children running on the concrete apron of a drainage canal marked out with black stripes.

James Dean
Roth first met James Dean on the set of Giant and they immediately became friends. Roth would often tell James Dean stories of he and his wife's travels all over Europe.  Dean often visited the home of Sandy and Beulah and there are published photographs of Dean playing with their cat.  Dean treated the Roths as adoptive parents.  Poignantly, Sanford Roth was in James Dean's Ford station wagon driving behind Dean's new Porsche Spyder on the way to the Salinas Road Races on September 30, 1955, when Dean died in a late afternoon traffic accident.  Roth took the now famous post-accident photographs. Beulah Roth denied that Sandy ever took any photos of Dean trapped in the wrecked Spyder.

Works
Roth's professional credits are extensive and his photography was featured in a number of widely circulated magazines, including; Time, Life, Look, Fortune, Paris Match, Elle, Der Stern, Harper's Bazaar, Vogue, Oggi and People.

Collections
Among the private collectors who have owned the work of Roth are Pablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau, Colette, and Igor Stravinsky.  Other collectors included Francesca Robinson Sanchez (granddaughter of actor Edward G. Robinson), Jill Robinson (née Schary), Princess Rachel Starraba (Rome), Gino and Nino Franchina (Rome), Peter Ustinov, Claudia de Guere (France), Mr. Seita Ohnishi (Japan), Leonard Spigelgass (U.S.), L. Fritz Gruber (Germany) and many others.

Sanford Roth's work is held in the permanent public collections of:
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, New York
Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California
Musee De La Photographie Ville de Mougins le Maire, Alpes-Maritimes, France
Norton Simon Museum of Art, Pasadena, California
Getty Museum Research Center, Los Angeles, California
Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany
Clervaux Castle, Luxembourg

Death and legacy
Roth died of a heart attack in Rome, Italy, while preparing to work on the film Cleopatra in 1962.  He was survived by his wife Beulah. While living, she transferred ownership of many of the original photographs to Francesca Robinson Sanchez, granddaughter of Edward G. Robinson. However, in 1986, many of Roth's images and negatives of James Dean were sold to a Japanese businessman, Seita Ohnishi of Kobe. Ohnishi is the businessman responsible for providing Cholame, the location of Dean's accident, with a stainless steel sculpture, made by Yasuo Mizui to further commemorate the iconic actor.

References

1906 births
1962 deaths
Artists from Brooklyn
Photographers from New York City


Aril Brikha (born 1976 in Tehran, Iran) is an acclaimed Assyrian techno musician, recognized globally for his contributions to the genre. After relocating to Sweden, he gained further recognition when he was nominated for Best Dance Album at the Swedish National Radio Gold Gala contest.

History
In 1998 Aril Brikha’s ‘Groove La Chord’ crossed generic boundaries. Is it techno? Is it house? Is it deep house? No one was more surprised by the success of the record than Brikha himself – he’d originally presented it on his demo as a potential B-side. It was not until two years after he recorded the track, when Derrick May played it in a club, that he realised it was good.

Brikha was born in Iran and emigrated to Sweden at a young age. In his early teens he developed an interest in electronic music – artists such as Depeche Mode, Nitzer Ebb and Kraftwerk. Brikha obtained an Atari and started to use a sequencer and, after initially emulating the music of others, he began composing. Friends who heard his material told him it was 'Detroit techno'. Brikha had no idea what that was - and so they played him records by Robert Hood and Berlin's Basic Channel.

Brikha disseminated his earliest material on Swedish imprints - Dunkla, Plump, and Placktown - but realizing that his music was not what the local labels were seeking, he looked for fresh outlets – among them Derrick May's Transmat Records. Transmat contacted Brikha and, as a consequence, his Art Of Vengeance EP (with ‘Groove La Chord’) was issued on its sister label, Fragile, in 1998. A year on, Aril followed it up with the LP Deeparture In Time, a collection of evocative grooves gathered over a six-year period and laid down with just one keyboard, a drum machine and an Atari. It drew exultant reviews.

Since forging an alliance with Transmat, Brikha has toured solidly with his live show, playing everywhere from the inaugural DEMF (Detroit Electronic Music Festival) to clubs such as London's Fabric and Tokyo’s Air and Yellow.

Discography

Albums
 2000: Departure in Time
 2007: Ex Machina
 2020: Dance of a Trillion Stars
 2020: Prisma

12"
 1998: Art of Vengeance MP
 1998: Art of Vengeance EP
 2000: Deeparture in Time
 2003: Simplicity
 2005: Prey for Peace
 2007: Winter EP
 2007: Akire
 2007: Room 337 / Kept Within
 2007: For Mother / Lady 707
 2010: Deeparture in Time - The Remixes
 2011: Forever Frost
 2011: Palma
 2012: Definition of D EP

References

External links
 Aril Brikha on Discogs
 Aril Brikha on MySpace
 Aril Brikha on AllMusic

Swedish male musicians
Assyrian musicians
Living people
1976 births
Musicians from Tehran
Iranian emigrants to Sweden
Iranian Assyrian people
Swedish people of Assyrian/Syriac descent
Peacefrog Records artists


Etna (formerly Etha) is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Nebraska, United States. It lies at an elevation of .

A post office was established at Etna in 1885, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1921. Etna no longer exists, a simple roadside marker indicates the location of the former town. The school survived until 1966, but most other establishments (general store, post office, etc.) closed in 1931. There is a mailbox next to the marker with a book of historical information about Etna and a guest book to sign.

References

Unincorporated communities in Custer County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


St. Catharines Transit (SCT) was a public transit agency which provided bus services to St. Catharines, Ontario, and the neighbouring city of Thorold. The St. Catharines Transit Commission took over operation of transit services within the city from Canadian National Transportation in 1961. In January 2023, St. Catharines Transit was merged with Niagara Falls Transit and Welland Transit to form a single regional transit service, Niagara Region Transit.

The Transit Operations Facility opened in 1991 and the Downtown Terminal (within a regional district building of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation) opened in 1996. The bus terminal is also served by Coach Canada for intercity coach service to Toronto, with connections to a number of major cities throughout Canada and the United States.

History
Local public transportation in the area originally consisted of horse drawn cars, subsequently upgraded to electric railway service. Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway Company, founded in 1898, was acquired by the Canadian Northern Railway in 1908 which became Canadian National Railways in 1918 and converted to bus operations after 1931. The portion of this system operating within the City of St. Catharines was transferred to the St. Catharines Transit Commission in 1961, which adopted the operating name of St. Catharines Transit in 1974. All St. Catharines Transit services and equipment were transferred to Niagara Region Transit in January of 2023 to create a single unified regional transit service that included Welland Transit and Niagara Falls Transit. However, buses in the old St. Catharines Transit livery can continue to be seen as not all have been converted to the new livery.

In 2022, the service began exploring an electrification of its existing diesel fleet.

Former Services

Regular routes
The St. Catharines Transit Commission (SCT) operates most of their routes through Downtown St. Catharines, with routes meeting at the Downtown Bus Terminal.  Additional main transfer points also existed at The Pen Centre, Fairview Mall, Thorold Towpath Terminal, and at Brock University.

The majority of the routes operated weekdays using one numbering scheme, while weekday evenings, Saturdays, Sundays and major holidays operated with a separate numbering scheme.

Though it may appear confusing at first glance, many routes interlined, meaning that they continued to other routes once reaching their terminus.  This occurs in at the bus terminal in Downtown St. Catharines, and at both northern and southern terminals.

Daytime Bus Routes
Although the services are no longer operated by St. Catharines Transit, they continue to operate largely unchanged under Niagara Region Transit as of February, 2023.

Paratransit
In addition to accessible bus routes, which enable those with reduced mobility to board a 'low floor' transit bus, St. Catharines Transit also provides paratransit services for those who cannot board a regular city bus and accessible bus service is not available.

Brock Hub
Located at Brock University this is the main interchange for bus travel within the Niagara Region and to points beyond. Connections are provided by St. Catharines, Niagara and Welland Transit Commissions and Coach Canada. Centrally located to all the local transit services and adjacent to Hwy 406, the university campus is ideal for this purpose.

Former Fleet
In January 2023, St. Catharines Transit's fleet was transferred to Niagara Region Transit as part of the amalgamation of local transit services in the region.

 New Flyer Industries D40LF
 New Flyer Industries DE40LF
 New Flyer Industries D60LF
 New Flyer Industries XD40
 New Flyer Industries XD60
 Nova Bus LFS/LFSA

See also

 Public transport in Canada

References

External links

St. Catharines Transit conventional transit roster at CPTDB Wiki

Transit agencies in Ontario
Transport in St. Catharines
1961 establishments in Ontario
2022 disestablishments in Ontario


Etha may refer to:

 Saint Etha, an alternate name of the 5th-century Cornish Saint Tetha
 Etna, Nebraska, formerly known as "Etha"
 Etha (wasp), a genus of wasps

ETHA may refer to:
 Altenstadt Air Base (ICAO code ETHA)

Etha may refer to: Ethan


Sierra Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California. It is located roughly 1½ miles northeast of Mi-Wuk Village on State Route 108.  Sierra Village sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported Sierra Village's population was 456.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2), 99.85% of it land and 0.15% of it water.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Sierra Village had a population of 456. The population density was . The racial makeup of Sierra Village was 421 (92.3%) White, 3 (0.7%) African American, 7 (1.5%) Native American, 3 (0.7%) Asian, 1 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 7 (1.5%) from other races, and 14 (3.1%) from two or more races.  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36 persons (7.9%).

The Census reported that 456 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 221 households, out of which 41 (18.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 114 (51.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 10 (4.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 9 (4.1%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 13 (5.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 68 households (30.8%) were made up of individuals, and 23 (10.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06.  There were 133 families (60.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.53.

The population was spread out, with 65 people (14.3%) under the age of 18, 30 people (6.6%) aged 18 to 24, 78 people (17.1%) aged 25 to 44, 175 people (38.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 108 people (23.7%) who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 53.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.1 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.

There were 548 housing units at an average density of , of which 154 (69.7%) were owner-occupied, and 67 (30.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 11.8%.  315 people (69.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 141 people (30.9%) lived in rental housing units.

References

External links
 Mi Wuk Village Weather Station

Census-designated places in Tuolumne County, California
Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)


The Cisalpine Club was an association of Roman Catholic laymen formed in England in the 1790s to promote Cisalpinism, and played a role in the public debate surrounding the progress of Catholic Emancipation.

Overview

The principles of Cisalpinism represented a reaction against the attitude hitherto traditional among Roman Catholics, which seems to have begun about the time of the death of James Francis Edward Stuart, the "Old Pretender", in January 1766. Up to then they had been staunch Jacobites, and had looked to the restoration of the Stuarts as the only chance for a revival of their faith. About this time, however, by what Joseph Berington called "one of those singular revolutions for which no cause can be assigned", they gave up their former political aspirations, and accepted the reigning House of Hanover.

One likely cause was that from January 1766 the Papacy did not recognise James's heir Charles as a sovereign, which disconnected Catholicism from the Jacobite movement. Part of this reaction was a suspicion of the wisdom of their ecclesiastical rulers, who, they became convinced, had adopted in the past a needlessly strict attitude, opposed to English national aspirations and which (they contended) had been dictated by the Court of Rome. Bishop John Talbot Stonor, Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, did much to persuade Catholics to accept the Hanoverian monarchy.

Catholic Committee
They reverted to the Oath of Allegiance of the reign of King James I, which they declared themselves willing to take, while some even maintained that the Oath of Supremacy could be interpreted in a sense not inconsistent with the Roman Catholic faith. These were the principles which animated the Catholic Committee (1782–92) in its struggle for Catholic emancipation. The two chief leaders were Lord Petre and Sir John Throckmorton, both members of old recusant families, who had suffered much in times past under the Penal Laws. They had the active assistance of Charles Butler, a lawyer, who acted as secretary to the committee. The greater number (though by no means all) of the Catholic aristocracy, who in those days were the practical supporters of religion, sympathized with them and, in a modified degree, some of the clergy, especially in London. One bishop, Charles Berington, was on their side, and Father Joseph Wilkes, O.S.B., who was a member of the committee, went to great lengths in supporting them. Dr James Talbot, Vicar Apostolic of the London District from 1781 to 1790, also allowed his name to be added and showed a weakness in opposing them which he regretted on his death-bed, and which made the task of his successor, Dr Douglass (1790–1812), a difficult one.

Towards the end of the year 1788, Lord Stanhope, an Anglican, desiring to help the committee, and believing that their supposed Ultramontane principles, and in particular their accredited belief in the deposing power of the pope, were the chief obstacles in their way, drew out a "Protestation" disclaiming these in unmeasured language. The committee adopted the Protestation and early in the following year called upon all Catholics to sign it. Butler admits that it was only with some difficulty that the bishops were induced to sign; but they did. Two of the bishops afterwards revoked their signatures and Milner, who was one of those who had signed, took an active part in opposing the committee.

Relief
The result of their labours was the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791.  In the first draft there had been an "Oath of Declaration, Protestation and Allegiance", based on the Protestation of 1789, but going to even greater lengths.  This oath was definitely condemned by the bishops, led by Charles Walmesley, in 1789 and 1791.  After a sharp conflict it was removed from the bill during its passage through Parliament, and the Irish Oath of 1774 substituted.  As the act in its final state failed to embody the principles of the Protestation, a new society was formed to perpetuate these, under the title of The Cisalpine Club.  Others besides the members of the Catholic Committee were invited to join the club. The declared object of the club was "...to resist any ecclesiastical interference, which may militate against the freedom of English Catholics." Dissatisfied with the club's failure to come to an amicable relationship with the apostolic vicars, a few prominent members split off to form the Roman Catholic Club.

The membership usually numbered between forty and fifty.  They met four or five times a year, during the London season, each meeting being preceded by a dinner. At a meeting in the latter part of 1795, no business was entered in the minutes other than to authorize the secretary to lay in a hogshead of claret.

At first they took an active part in Catholic affairs, though consistently disclaiming any representative character. In several ways they succeeded in guarding Catholic interests, and by their influence a school was established at Oscott, directed by a governing body of laymen though the headmaster was a priest, appointed by the bishop.  After a few years, however, the Cisalpine Club ceased to perform any active work, and developed into a mere dining club. As the membership increased, it seems their Cisalpine principles diminished. It soon ceased to act all a body having any influence in Catholic affairs.

At the beginning the bishops had naturally viewed it askance, although its members were often the chief supporters of Catholic charities. A meeting held in March 1796 took up a collection for destitute French emigres in London.  A motion was passed in May 1801: "It was ordered that whenever the usual day of meeting of the club shall be a fast day, the secretary shall appoint the following Tuesday for the meeting of the club." As there was no provision in the club's rules to expel a member, in 1808, in order to exclude a particular individual the members all agreed to withdraw their names from membership and reconvene later as a newly constituted group. However, the person they would oust laid claim, as the sole member left of the soon to be defunct organization, to the club's assets, which consisted of whatever wine still remained in the cellar.

As time went on, their Cisalpine tendencies became less and less marked, and they got on good terms with Bishop William Poynter (1803–1826), who only regretted the name of the club. Daniel O'Connell had been proposed for membership, but at the May 1829 meeting was blackballed, because of an apparent slight to the English Catholic Association. Soon after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 the members re-formed themselves into a new club in 1830, which they called the "Emancipation Club", and which continued for seventeen more years before finally dissolving.

See also
 Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)
 John Milner

Notes

References

Defunct clubs and societies of the United Kingdom
History of Catholicism in England


A link road is a transport infrastructure road that links two conurbations or other major road transport facilities, often added because of increasing road traffic. They can be controversial, especially if they threaten to destroy natural habitat and greenfield land.

The term is used in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States state of Nebraska.
An example of a link road is Marston Ferry Road in Oxford, England. It was built in the late 20th-century link North Oxford with Marston, Oxford to the east.

See also
 Alternate route
 Bypass
 Beltway

References

Roads in the United Kingdom
Roads in Australia
Types of roads


Etna is former railroad station in Lincoln County, in the U.S. state of Nevada.

In 1941, Etna had 14 inhabitants who were the owners of the nearby Tennille ranch. The last occupants of Etna left in the late 1970’s. The residence was demolished in the early 1990’s.

Etna Cave, which contains rock art, is located nearby.

The site is of Etna is just north of the present day Narconon Rainbow Canyon Retreat on Nevada State Route 317.

References

Ghost towns in Lincoln County, Nevada


Hit Man Dreams is the second full-length album by No Knife, and the first album after Ryan Ferguson joined the band. It was recorded in 1997 and released on Time Bomb Records.

Track listing
Your Albatross - 4:13
Charades - 3:50
Hit Man Dreams - 5:17
Jackboots - 3:34
Testing the Model - 2:03
Median - 2:45
Rebuilding Jericho - 4:09
Bad Landing - 6:44
Roped In – Lock On - 3:31
Lex Hit Reset - 4:06
Sweep Away My Shadow - 3:59

References

1997 albums
No Knife albums


Etna is a former townsite, now a ghost town, in Pershing County, Nevada.

History
Etna was established in 1865 when the mill on site began processing silver ore from nearby mines. The following year, there was a general store, an additional mill, a livery stable, surveyor's office and ferry service across the Humboldt River. Etna had a post office from July 1866 until October 1866.  By 1866, one mill had been dismantled and moved to another town and the remaining mill was closed. For the remainder of the decade, milling continued off and on in a limited way. By 1872. Etna was abandoned.

References

Ghost towns in Pershing County, Nevada
Ghost towns in Nevada


Sugar Pine is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located  north of Yosemite Forks, at an elevation of 4236 feet (1291 m). It is located 1 mile east of California State Route 41, between Oakhurst, California and the South Entrance of Yosemite National Park.

Sugar Pine was built by the Madera Sugar Pine Company in 1899 to 1900. The company which had an extensive logging operation in the area between the 1890s and 1931.  The mill pond and some service buildings are all that remain of the mill.  The company housing units, over the years updated, are still in use today as residences and vacation homes.

A post office operated at Sugar Pine from 1907 to 1934.

Gallery

References

Unincorporated communities in Madera County, California
Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Populated places established in 1899
1899 establishments in California
Unincorporated communities in California


Zero Tolerance Entertainment is an American pornographic film studio. The studios Third Degree Films, Black Ice and Diabolic Video are divisions of Zero Tolerance. The studio's films are generally classed as Gonzo pornography.

History
The company was founded in 2002. The name was chosen because the company pledged to have "zero tolerance for bad porn". The first title ZT released was Who's Your Daddy Part One. In 2005, ZT introduced sister studio Black Ice, which specializes in all-black and interracial content. In 2006, the company filed a lawsuit against AdultsAllowed.com, seeking more than $15 million in damages for copyright infringement. In 2006 the company started including a bonus Spanish language track on all its DVDs, in an attempt to tap into the increasingly important Spanish speaking demographic in the US and Latin America. In 2007, the company signed a deal with Hustler TV to provide its content on the channel in North and South America. In 2008, ZT brought a lawsuit against DVD rental site Movixo Inc., alleging DVD piracy. The case was settled out of court for $15 million. The same year ZT released the first pornographic High-Definition Interactive DVD release, Interactive Sex with Bree Olson.

Awards
 2005 AVN Award – 'Best Oral-Themed Series' for Blow Me Sandwich
 2006 AVN Award – 'Best Oral-Themed Feature' for Blow Me Sandwich 7
 2007 Adam Film World Guide Award – 'Best Interactive Sex Movie' for Interactive Sex With Courtney Cummz
 2007 Adam Film World Guide Award – 'Best Girl-Girl Vignette Series' for Girlvana 2
 2007 Adam Film World Guide Award – 'Best 2-On-1 Series' for Double Decker Sandwich
 2008 AVN Award – 'Best All-Girl Release' for Girlvana 3
 2008 AVN Award – 'Best Interactive DVD' for Interactive Sex with Jenna Haze
 2009 AVN Award – 'Best All-Girl Release' for Girlvana 4
 2013 XBIZ Award Nominee – 'Studio of the Year', 'All-Sex Release of the Year' for Chanel Preston: No Limits and 'All-Sex Series of the Year' for No Limits

References

External links

Gonzo pornography
American pornographic film studios
Pornography in Los Angeles
Entertainment companies based in California
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Entertainment companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in California
Film production companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in California
American companies established in 2002