The theorodokoi (Greek: , ) in ancient Greece were sacred envoy-receivers whose duty was to host and assist the theoroi (θεωροί, "viewers") before the Panhellenic games and festivals.

A theorodokos was sometimes appointed by the community in which he lived but sometimes by the community that sent out the theoroi. To have a favorable report from the theoroi visiting the host city for a festival or games, the city-state assigned an affluent person to be a theorodokos. This was because in most cases the theorodokos was to bear the cost of hosting the theoroi, and to have adequate accommodations for the theoroi, the theorodokoi needed sufficient personal wealth. To have the desired favorable report from a theoros, the theoros was offered gifts, food, and even money to cover the cost of their travel to the hosting city-state.

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links
List of Epidaurian Theorodokoi (ca. 365 BC) – Epigraphical Database

Ancient Greek titles
Panhellenic Games
Interstate relations in ancient Greece


John Spencer Gannon (born 18 December 1966) is an English former professional footballer, featuring mainly for Sheffield United.

In recent years he has held coaching roles at clubs including Mansfield Town, Chester City, Notts County and Leeds United. He is currently working as a scout with Manchester City.

As a player, he started at Wimbledon whilst also featuring for the Republic of Ireland at youth level. Gannon was part of the Wimbledon squad that went all the way to the 1988 FA Cup Final where they achieved a shock 1–0 win over Liverpool, although he didn't feature on the day.

With first team matches limited at the Dons, Gannon left for Sheffield United thereby joining his former Wimbledon boss Dave Bassett, initially on loan during the 1988/1989 season, before signing permanently on a free transfer for the start of the 1989/90 season. Gannon was particularly strong with his left foot and also took corners and free kicks, setting up goals regularly during Gannons time at United. Gannon was part of the Sheffield United team that achieved two successive promotions and was a regular player in the old First Division for the Blades.

References

1966 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Wimbledon F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Premier League players
Footballers from Wimbledon, London
Chester City F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League players
Men's association football midfielders


Arthur William Devis (10 August 1762 – 11 February 1822) was an English painter of history paintings and portraits. He painted portraits and historical subjects, sixty-five of which he exhibited (1779–1821) at the Royal Academy. Among his more famous works are a depiction of the Death of Nelson and a posthumous portrait of  Nelson.

Life
Devis was born in London, the nineteenth child of the artist Arthur Devis and his wife Elizabeth Faulkner. Devis was the younger brother of the painter Thomas Anthony Devis (1757–1810) and of the schoolmistress and grammarian Ellin Devis (1746–1820), teacher, among others, of author of Maria Edgeworth and Frances Burney (later novelist Madame d'Arblay).

He followed his elder brother  Thomas Anthony in becoming a pupil at the Royal Academy Schools in 1774 and like his brother exhibited at the Free Society of Artists, of which in 1768 their father had become president, and at the Royal Academy. Early on he came to the notice of Sir Joshua Reynolds.

He was appointed draughtsman on the British East India Company's packet Antelope in a voyage in 1783, under Captain Henry Wilson. In her he was injured in an encounter with Papuans near the Schouten Islands and was then wrecked on the Pelew Islands before proceeding to Canton and thence to Bengal. During his voyages, the artist received arrow wounds, one of which inflicted permanent injury on his lower jaw. During his time in Bengal, he painted a portrait of Sir William Jones, at the time a judge in Fort William. The painting now hangs at the British Library.

He was back in London by 1795 and is recorded on 21 July 1797 as living at 27 George Street, Hanover Square, where he was insured by the Sun Assurance Office.

He is noted for his involvement in the creation of the posthumous cult of Horatio Nelson. As she returned from Trafalgar, Devis went out to meet HMS Victory and was present on board the ship during the autopsy of Nelson's body conducted by Dr Beatty, the ship's surgeon. With the help of sketches he took at that time, he painted a heroic Death of Nelson, which proved a sensation.

Devis also painted Dr Beatty, and was commissioned by him to produce a half-length painting of Nelson as vice-admiral, which he lent to Emma Hamilton (who later lost it in an accident whilst travelling). Either the original or a copy of this portrait was exhibited at the Royal Academy two years after the Battle and many copies were made of it. Lord Howe owned one, and another ended up in the collection of the National Maritime Museum. It also appeared as an engraving in Beatty's published account of Nelson's death.

Other work includes a portrait of King George III on horseback, and a range of portraits of admirals and generals, along with historical subjects, such as the Babington Plot and the signing of the Magna Carta. Better known is perhaps his Master Simpson (1780), a portrait of a small boy, James Alexander Simpson, carrying a dog which has often been copied, imitated and exploited commercially. Despite some success in life, Devis seems often to have had financial difficulties, including imprisonment for debt.

By the will of his brother Thomas Anthony Devis, who died in London in 1810, he inherited all Anthony's printed books and prints.

Devis himself died in London, at Caroline Street, Bedford Square, of apoplexy in 1822 and was buried in nearby St Giles-in-the-Fields churchyard.

Gallery

References

Notes

External links

1762 births
1822 deaths
English portrait painters
18th-century English painters
18th-century English male artists
English male painters
19th-century English painters
19th-century English male artists
Horatio Nelson
British East India Company people
19th-century painters of historical subjects
Painters from London


Workington Central railway station was opened by the Cleator and Workington Junction Railway (C&WJR) in 1879 to serve the town of Workington in Cumberland (now in Cumbria), England. It was situated almost half a mile nearer the town centre than its rival Workington station.

History
The line was one of the fruits of the rapid industrialisation of West Cumberland in the second half of the nineteenth century, specifically being born as a reaction to oligopolistic behaviour by the London and North Western and Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railways. The line and station opened to passengers on 1 October 1879. Central Station was initially the northern terminus; the line was extended northwards to  a year later.

All lines in the area were primarily aimed at mineral traffic, notably iron ore, coal and limestone, none more so than the new line to Workington, which earned the local name "The Track of the Ironmasters". General goods and passenger services were provided, but were very small beer compared with mineral traffic.

The founding Act of Parliament of June 1878 confirmed the company's agreement with the Furness Railway that the latter would operate the line for one third of the receipts.

The line and station became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the Grouping of 1923. The station closed to passengers eight years later under this management.

The substantial stone station housed the headquarters of the C&WJR. There were sidings to the south of the platforms. An engine shed and wagon shops were added there in November 1897. The shed was closed in May 1923; the building was then used as a wagon repair shop for many years.

Services
Passenger trains consisted of antiquated Furness stock hauled largely by elderly Furness engines referred to as "rolling ruins" by one author after a footplate ride in 1949.

No Sunday passenger service was ever provided on the line.

The initial passenger service in 1879 consisted of:
 Two Up (northbound) trains a day, leaving  at 09:20 and 13:45, calling at , , ,  and terminating at Workington Central, taking 30 minutes in all.
 They returned as Down trains, leaving Workington at 10:30 and 16:00

In 1880 the extension northwards to  was opened, crossing the River Derwent by a bridge known locally as "Navvy's Bridge". The service was extended to run to and from Siddick and an extra train was added with:
 Three up trains a day, leaving Moor Row at 07:40, 10:12 and 14:45, taking 30 minutes to Workington and an extra four to proceed to Siddick, where connections were made with northbound trains on the coastal line.
 Down trains left Siddick at 08:45, 12:22 and 17:00

By 1922 the service reached its high water mark with:
 Five up trains a day from Moor Row through to Siddick, leaving Moor Row at 07:20, 09:50, 13:15, 16:50 and 1820.
 One train Mondays to Fridays Only from Moor Row to Workington, leaving at 13:45 and also calling at , making that halt qualify as a publicly advertised passenger station
 One Saturdays Only train leaving Cleator Moor (NB not from Moor Row) at 12:50 for Workington
 One Saturdays Only train leaving Moor Row at 19:35 for Workington

There was one fewer Down train, as the 09:50 Up was provided to give a connection at Siddick with a fast MCR train to  with connections beyond.

Two Saturdays Only trains left  at 16:05 and 21:35 for Workington, calling at Distington and High Harrington, with balancing workings leaving Workington at 15:30 and 21:00.

There were also trains using the Lowca Light Railway plying between  and Workington; they turned off the main line at Harrington Junction and therefore served no "pure" C&WJR stations other than Workington Central.

As with advertised passenger trains, in 1920 workmen's trains ran on the company's three southern routes:
 Between Workington Central and Lowca using the Lowca Light Railway
 Between  (Rowrah's "other station") and  on the single track "Baird's Line", and
 On the "main line" between Siddick Junction and Moor Row
 From Siddick Junction to Moor Row, calling at all passenger stations except Moresby Parks, calling at  instead
 From Moor Row to , calling at Cleator Moor and
The situation in 1922 was similar.

By 1922 a fourth route had already given up trying a passenger service; it ran north eastwards from Workington Central to  and beyond. This line - opened in 1887 and often referred to as the "Northern Extension" - was the half-hearted outcome of what was originally intended as a direct cross-country route to Scotland for Cumberland ore. As conceived it would have continued the founders' approach of bypassing all established interests to join up with the Caledonian Railway and send its loads to Glasgow over the Solway Viaduct. In the end it met up with the Maryport and Carlisle Railway at Linefoot Junction "in the middle of nowhere, having gone there via nowhere else."

Ironically, part of this line would go on to be the last C&WJR metals to carry trains, outliving all other lines by nearly thirty years as the result of the Royal Navy using its combination of remoteness and dock access to establish an arms store at RNAD Broughton Moor. By Autumn 1922, however, that remoteness had killed attempts to run passenger trains. The last vestige was that on Saturdays Only, two of the Lowca to Workington trains shown above continued to and returned from Seaton. An attempt to run services beyond, to  and , was tried in 1908, but lasted a mere two months.

The fifth route from Workington Central was authorised on 16 July 1883 and opened in March 1885. It turned sharply east at Cloffocks Junction,  north of the station, joining the Workington-Penrith line immediately east of . This never carried any passenger service, publicly advertised or for workmen.

In January 1898 the company agreed with the Postmaster General to carry a mail bag daily between Workington and Siddick and between Workington and Distington. It is likely that this was conveyed on passenger trains. At some point thereafter the service was extended to Rowrah. The "Mail Train" beyond Distington to Oatlands and Arlecdon usually consisted of a C&WJR 0-6-0ST and a guards van.

The 1920 Working Time Table shows relatively few Goods trains, with just one a day in each direction booked to call at Workington Central.

Mineral traffic was an altogether different matter, dwarfing all other traffic in volume, receipts and profits. The key source summarises it "...the 'Track of the Ironmasters' ran like a main traffic artery through an area honeycombed with mines, quarries and ironworks." The associated drama was all the greater because all the company's lines abounded with steep inclines and sharp curves, frequently requiring banking. The saving grace was that south of Workington at least, most gradients favoured loaded trains. During the First World War especially, the company ran "Double Trains", akin to North American practice, with two mineral trains coupled together and a banking engine behind, i.e. locomotive-wagons-guards van-locomotive-wagons-guards van-banker. Such trains worked regularly between  and . The practice was discontinued after dark from 1 April 1918.

Most stations on the company's lines had heavy industrial neighbours, such as ironworks next to Cleator Moor West, or served primarily industrial workforces, such as Keekle Colliers' Platform. Workington Central was rather different, with vast heavy industry within a couple of miles of the station, but not served by it and a significant town surrounding the station but few populous destinations to serve.

Like any business tied to one or few industries, the railway was at the mercy of trade fluctuations and technological change. The Cumberland iron industry led the charge in the nineteenth century, but became less and less competitive as time passed and local ore became worked out and harder to win, taking the fortunes of the railway with it. The peak year was 1909, when 1,644,514 tons of freight were handled. Ominously for the line, that tonnage was down to just over 800,000 by 1922, bringing receipts of £83,349, compared with passenger fares totalling £6,570.

Rundown and closure
The peak year for tonnage was 1909, and for progress was 1913, with the opening of the Harrington and Lowca line for passenger traffic. A chronology of the line's affairs from 1876 to 1992 has almost no entries before 1914 which fail to include "opened" or "commenced". After 1918 the position was reversed, when the litany of step-by-step closures and withdrawals was relieved only by a control cabin and a signalbox being erected at Harrington Junction in 1919 and the Admiralty saving the northern extension in 1937 by establishing an armaments depot at Broughton.

The public passenger service to Lowca ended on 31 May 1926, followed by the workmen's trains there on 1 April 1929.

The curve from Cloffocks Junction to the Workington-Penrith line was closed on 26 March 1930 and subsequently lifted. Its key role had been to give coke from County Durham an additional route to Workington's furnaces, known locally as "The Works".

Workington Central station closed to passengers on 13 April 1931 when normal passenger traffic ended along the line. Diversions and specials, for example to football matches, continued to use the station and line, but it was not easy to use as a through north–south route because all such trains had to reverse at Moor Row or .

The most unusual special event was when the station was used as a set for part of the film The Stars Look Down shot in 1938 and released in 1940.

The Dock Branch, which veered west off the line to Siddick north of the station closed on 27 July 1936, ending another source of custom or potential traffic through the station.

The station, like a great many across the country, remained open for goods traffic. It closed in 1964, by which time road transport had picked off all commercially viable trade.

An enthusiasts' special ran through on 6 September 1954, the only one to do so using main line passenger stock. The next such train to traverse any C&WJR metals did so in 1966 at the north end of the line, a year after the line through Workington Central closed.

Afterlife
By 2013 aerial images show the trackbed through the station site had become "Central Way" used by the West Cumbria Cycle Network. The line's bridge over the River Derwent north of the station had had its railway spans replaced with ones suitable for a foot and cycleway, using the original abutments.

See also

 Maryport and Carlisle Railway
 Furness Railway
 Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
 Cockermouth and Workington Railway

References

Sources

Further reading

External links
 Map of the CWJR with photos RAILSCOT
 Map of the WC&ER with photos RAILSCOT
 The station Rail Map Online
 The station on overlain OS maps surveyed from 1898 National Library of Scotland
 The closed station on a 1948 OS Map npe maps
 The station and line railwaycodes
 The railways of Cumbria Cumbrian Railways Association
 Photos of Cumbrian railways Cumbrian Railways Association
 The railways of Cumbria Railways_of_Cumbria
 Cumbrian Industrial History Cumbria Industrial History Society
 Furness Railtour using many West Cumberland lines 5 September 1954 sixbellsjunction
 A video tour-de-force of the region's closed lines cumbriafilmarchive
 1882 RCH Diagram showing the station, see page 173 of the pdf google
 Haematite earthminerals
 Coal and iron ore mining in Cleator Moor Haig Pit
 Photos of the station, line, staff, tickets and timetables Harrington History

Disused railway stations in Cumbria
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1879
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931
Former Cleator and Workington Junction Railway stations
Workington


Dohwa Station is a subway station in Nam-gu, Incheon, South Korea, operated by Korail. It was opened in 2001.

References

Metro stations in Incheon
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Michuhol District
Railway stations in South Korea opened in 2001


KSRV may refer to:

 KSRV-FM, a radio station (96.1 FM) licensed to Ontario, Oregon, United States
 KKOO (AM), a radio station (1380 AM) licensed to Ontario, Oregon, United States, which held the call sign KSRV from 1946 to 2016


Harry Peters (ca. 1788 – 1870) was a merchant and political figure in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the city of Saint John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1816 to 1828.

He was the son of James Peters and Margaret Lester. Peters was a merchant in Saint John. He replaced Ward Chipman, Jr. as speaker for the legislature in 1826. Peters served as a member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick from 1828 to 1843 and was a member of the Executive Council from 1828 to 1832. He later moved to Gagetown where he died at the age of 82.

His brother Charles Jeffery served as Attorney General and his brother Benjamin Lester became mayor of Saint John.

The community of Petersville, later expropriated during the expansion of CFB Gagetown, was named in his honour.

References

External links
 Foot-prints, or, Incidents in early history of New Brunswick : 1783-1883, JW Lawrence (1883)

1870 deaths
Businesspeople from Saint John, New Brunswick
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Members of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick
Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick people
Year of birth uncertain


The scrum cap is a form of headgear used by rugby players to protect the ears in the scrum, which can otherwise suffer injuries leading to the condition commonly known as cauliflower ears. Although originally designed for forwards they are now worn by players of all positions, even those who do not play in the scrum.

A simpler alternative to a cap, or a head-cap and used by many players, is a thin strip of foam or cloth and electrical tape wrapped around the ears like a head band.

Construction
The scrum cap was first used by the Christ's College Finchley's 1st XV, and Eurig Evans is credited with its design. The traditional scrum cap was constructed of a thin cloth helmet with padding over the ears, held in place by a strap—but modern models are typically made from thin foam.

The headgear is defined by Regulation 12 of World Rugby as being made of soft, thin materials. Stiff materials, such as plastics, are forbidden, and buckles are not permitted. Regulation 12[2] also gives details regarding the testing standards for this headgear. All headgear to be worn in rugby union must carry a World Rugby approval logo.

Concussive protection
Since the early 1990s, other players have taken to wearing padded headgear. This is intended to protect from cuts and head injuries that can occur from incidental contact in tackles or at rucks. Whilst they may prevent some cuts and abrasions, such headgear has not been shown to reduce concussive injury.

Legislation
World Rugby has not made scrum caps compulsory, and many players and officials are divided over their utility. Former England captain Mike Tindall criticised their usage by youth players, saying that they had a detrimental result on tackling ability from an early age. Welsh player Jonathan Davies similarly felt that they should not be compulsory, as injuries were part of the game. High profile referee Nigel Owens has however suggested making the wearing of headgear compulsory for all players, and they are mandatory for all players in Japanese youth teams.

See also

 Football helmet
 Rugby union equipment
 Rugby union
 Rugby league
 Scrum machine

References

Rugby league equipment
Rugby union equipment
Protective gear
Headgear
Sportswear


Novalesa Abbey () is a Benedictine monastery in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy. It was founded in 726, and dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Andrew.

Novalesa is in the Val di Susa, on the route to the Mont Cenis Pass, and on the former Via Francigena, a major pilgrimage road.  The abbey is still in operation as an active Benedictine monastery.

History

The abbey was officially founded in a position commanding the Mont Cenis Pass on 30 January 726, by a Frankish lord Abbo of Provence, whose parchment deed of gift is still preserved in the State Archives of Turin. The founding monks, Benedictines, are thought to have come from the Grenoble region. It became an important monastery with Charlemagne, who stayed there. The abbey enriched its possessions through donations and privileges from the Frankish rulers Pepin the Short, Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, until its possessions reached the western Ligurian mainland. In 817 it adopted the Benedictine rule.

The first phase of the abbey's history, abbot Eldrado's era, came to an end when it was destroyed by Saracen raiders in 906. Most monks moved to Turin, while others moved to Lomellina (in southern Lombardy) where they founded the monastery of Breme.

The abbey was rebuilt in the early 11th century by Gezo, abbot of Breme according to the Chronicon Novaliciense. In 1646 the Benedictines were replaced by Cistercian monks, who remained here until 1796, when they were expelled by the Piedmontese provisional government. A third refoundation occurred after the monks of a hospital established by Napoleon at the Mont Cenis (1802) moved back to Novalesa after the emperor's fall. However, they were again expelled in 1855 and the abbey's building auctioned under the laws of expropriation of the Piedmontese government. The complex was acquired by the province of Turin in 1972 and was revived in 1973 with the return of the Benedictine monks, who still live there.

Description
The complex of Novalesa includes a monastic building proper, and the abbey church.

The abbey is accessed through  a portal leading to a first court, with a three-span portico with groin vaults, surmounted by a loggia. There is another court around which the building revolves: at its center are the two remaining wings of the 16th century cloister: one has five  and the other has seven round arcades, supported by cylindrical columns without capitals. At the crossing between the two cloister wings is the bell tower, built in 1725-1730, which stands at .
The abbey church is dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul. It was built in the 18th century above the pre-existing Romanesque church from the 11th century, of which some frescoes, including the Stoning of St. Stephen, remain. The current church is in Baroque style and has a nave with barrel vaults. Half of the nave is used as presbytery, and ends in a semi-circular apse. The counterfaçade houses an organ, built in 1725.

Chapels in the monastery area
Around the monastery are four chapels: one dedicated to Mary (8th century, restored in the 11th century), one to the Holy Saviour (mid-11th century), one to St. Michael (8th-9th centuries) and one to St. Eldradus. The latter houses a fresco cycle from the late 11th century, depicting stories of the life of St. Eldradus and St. Nicholas. It's one of the first known Nicholas's frescoes in continental Europe.

Fresco cycle of St. Eldradus

See also
Walter of Aquitaine
List of Carolingian monasteries
Carolingian architecture

Notes

Books

External links
Official website

Christian monasteries established in the 8th century
Benedictine monasteries in Italy
Monasteries in Piedmont
Carolingian architecture
8th-century establishments in Italy
Churches completed in 726
8th-century churches in Italy


Brian Wilbert Gayle (born 6 March 1965) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

Gayle began his career at Wimbledon as an apprentice, signing a full contract in October 1984. He spent time with New Zealand club Napier City Rovers before breaking into the first team. He helped Wimbledon to the sixth round of the 1987–88 FA Cup, which the club ultimately won, but was given a red card for a foul on Malcolm Allen in the match, against Watford, and did not feature in later rounds. In July 1988, Gayle joined Manchester City for £325,000.

He was transferred to Ipswich Town for £330,000 in January 1990, and then joined Sheffield United in a £750,000 deal in September 1991. While at the Blades, in 1992, Gayle scored an own goal in a match against local rivals Leeds United, which led to a 2–3 defeat. This, coupled with Manchester United losing to Liverpool, gave Leeds the First Division title.

References

1965 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Wimbledon F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Premier League players
Napier City Rovers FC players
Footballers from Kingston upon Thames


The Charlottes were a female fronted indie pop band from Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire in England, formed in 1988.

History
The band formed in 1988, initially as The Giant Polar Bears, comprising Petra Roddis (vocals), Graham Gargiulo (guitar), David Fletcher (bass), and Simon Scott (drums). After a debut single "Are You Happy Now?" in 1988, their debut album, Love Happy, was issued by The Subway Organization the following year.

They were a favourite band of John Peel, for whom they recorded a radio session in 1989.

The band then signed to the Cherry Red label. In 1990, drummer Simon Scott left to join Slowdive and the band split up after releasing a second album, Things Come Apart, in 1990 and now records as a solo artist. Gargiulo later formed a new band, Barefoot Contessa.

Discography

Singles and EP
"Are You Happy Now?" (1988) Molesworth
Love in the Emptiness EP (1990) Subway
"Liar" (1990) Cherry Red

Albums
Love Happy (1989) Subway
Things Come Apart (1991) Cherry Red
Liar: The Best Of The Charlottes (2006) Cherry Red

References

British indie pop groups
Cherry Red Records artists


6216 San Jose, provisional designation , is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately  in diameter. It was discovered on 30 September 1975, by American astronomer Schelte Bus at the Palomar Observatory. The asteroid was named for the city of San Jose in California.

Orbit and classification

San Jose is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 7 months (1,669 days; semi-major axis of 2.75 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in April 1954.

Physical characteristics

San Jose spectral type is unknown. Based on its albedo (see below), it is likely a stony S-type asteroid. It has an absolute magnitude of 13.0.

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, San Jose measures 8.033 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.208.

Rotation period

As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of San Jose has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

Naming

This minor planet was named for the city of San Jose, California, United States, for its long support of nearby Lick Observatory particularly in efforts to reduce light pollution.
The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 14 December 1997 ().

References

External links
 (6216) San Jose imaged at Lick Observatory
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

006216
Discoveries by Schelte J. Bus
Named minor planets
19750930


William Bayle Bernard (27 November 1807 – 5 August 1875), often referred to as "Bayle Bernard", was a well-known American-born London playwright and drama critic.  Born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of English comic actor John Bernard, he came to Britain with his family in 1820, where he first worked as a clerk in an army accounts office.  His plays include The Four Sisters and Casco Bay (1832), The Kentuckian (1833), The Nervous Man (1833), The Mummy (1833), Marie Ducange (1837), The Round of Wrong (1846), The Doge of Venice (1867), The Passing Cloud (1850) and A Storm in a Teacup (1854), as well as adaptations of Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle (1834) and Wilkie Collins's No Name (1863). He also wrote the five-volume historical romance The Freebooter's Bride (1829).

His play The Mummy, a popular success on its debut at the Theatre Royal, Adelphi, influenced Edgar Allan Poe's "Some Words with a Mummy".

Notes

1807 births
1875 deaths
American emigrants to England
English male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century English dramatists and playwrights
19th-century English male writers


The FAMAS Award for Best Picture is one of the FAMAS Awards, awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award, which are voted on by Palanca Award-winning writers and movie columnists, writers and people in the film industry (directors, actors, producers, technicians, crew etc.). The Best Picture FAMAS has always been considered the most important and top prize, and has been awarded by Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences ever since the very first ceremony in 1953. (Work in progress)

The FAMAS Award winner for Best Picture is usually the most prestigious selection of the best Filipino motion picture of the year. The FAMAS Best Pictures are held in high regard as the FAMAS is the equivalent of the Academy Awards in the Philippines.

Winners and nominees
In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

References

External links

Best Picture
Awards for best film


Bnei Atarot (, lit. Sons of Atarot) is a moshav in central Israel. Located near Yehud, around 15 kilometres east of Tel Aviv, it is situated in fertile plains at the eastern rim of Tel Aviv metropolitan area next to Ben Gurion Airport and falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

History
During the Ottoman period, the lands of the future Bnei Atarot belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land.

Bnei Atarot is located on the site of the Templer colony of Wilhelma, established in 1902, and named in honour of Wilhelm II, German Emperor. During World War II, German settlers in Mandatory Palestine were arrested as enemy nationals and deported by the British.

After the war ended, a new settlement was established by former residents of the abandoned moshav of Atarot, which had been destroyed by the Arab Legion, from which it took its name, as well as others from Nehalim in the Upper Galilee and Be'erot Yitzhak in the Negev. It remained a farming community and most of the original houses were preserved. The community is centered along the main road.

The proximity of Tel Aviv metropolitan area has led to suburbanization and the rural character of the village gradually decreased. In the late 1990s a new residential neighborhood was built on the northeastern edge of the moshav, consisting of private homes. Recently, the proximity of Ben Gurion Airport has led to some residents being evacuated due to noise concerns.

Notable residents
Rama Messinger

Gallery

References

External links

Bnei Atarot agricultural shops

Moshavim
Populated places established in 1948
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
1948 establishments in Israel


Charlie Hartfield (born 4 September 1971) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He started out at Arsenal, turning professional in 1989, but never made a first-team appearance. He left Arsenal in 1990 for Sheffield United and went on to play for Fulham (on loan), Swansea City, Lincoln City (on loan), Telford United (on loan), Halifax Town and Ilkeston Town.

During his playing career, Hartfield suffered from a gambling addiction, and in 2006 he still owed debts of "£40,000 or £50,000".

Charlie Hartfield most recently worked as a scout for Sheffield United. In February 2015, he was jailed for nine years and one month after admitting conspiracy to supply amphetamine and cannabis.

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Ilkeston Town F.C. (1945) players
Premier League players
Footballers from Lambeth
Men's association football midfielders


The 1979 Race of Champions was a Formula One non-championship motor race held at Brands Hatch, United Kingdom on 15 April 1979. The field was made up of seven Formula One cars that competed in the World championship while the rest of the field usually competed in the Aurora series.

Race summary
Brabham had brought two brand new BT48s onto the circuit. Another new car introduced was the Lotus 80, but Mario Andretti only used it in qualifying. Ferrari's Gilles Villeneuve drove a slightly modified 1978 Ferrari 312 T3 instead of the new 312 T4.

At the start Niki Lauda got away well from the front row and quickly pulled a lead of a few seconds, while the pole sitter Mario Andretti was dropped down to third. Gilles Villeneuve was second, followed closely by Andretti and Nelson Piquet. By lap eight the chasing three drivers had caught Lauda and they were going nose to tail. But that didn't last for long, as Lauda had to pit at the end of the eight lap, but he was able to rejoin rather quickly. Villeneuve took over the lead, only to lose it a few laps later as he ran wide at the exit of Hawthorn corner. Andretti moved into the lead in his Lotus 79. On lap 11 Piquet was also forced to pit in, so the leading battle was between Andretti and Villeneuve, while Jochen Mass in the Arrows had taken advantage of the pitstops and moved up to third place.

The positions in the front of the field remained the same for the next 12 laps. Andretti's lead was up to four seconds after Villeneuve's mistake, but the Canadian closed the gap slowly but surely. By lap 26 Villeneuve was all over the back of Andretti and a few laps later took the inside line into Paddock Hill bend and retook the lead. Andretti had no answer to Villeneuve's pace and the gap increased rapidly. Piquet had moved ahead of Mass into third and his team mate Lauda, who had pitted twice, was fifth. A few laps from the end Piquet overtook the slowing Andretti as well. But in the end it was Villeneuve who crossed the line first, lapping everyone up to the fourth place man.

Classification

Qualifying

Race

Notes
 Pole position: Mario Andretti – 1:17.52
 Fastest lap: Nelson Piquet – 1:17.46

References

Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)
Race of Champions
Race of Champions
Race of Champions


Jákup Pauli Gregoriussen (born 24 April 1932 in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands) is the leading architect of the Faroe Islands. He is also a graphic artist and author of publications about the Faroese church.

Life

Jákup Pauli was born in 1932 to the fashion designer Liffa Gregoriussen (née Arge) and the sailor Magnus Gregoriussen. He was educated at the architectural school of the Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen.

Among his best-known buildings are the Listasavn Føroya (1970) and its extension to become the National Art Museum in 1993. As a graphic artist, he designed stamps for the Postverk Føroya and illustrated books. His main themes are views of towns and villages, not only in the Faroes but also from his travels, including, amongst others, Russia, Poland, Rome, and Egypt.

In 1998, he was awarded the Faroese Literature Prize (M. A. Jacobsens Heiðursløn) for his four volume work about the Faroese churches (1995–1999). It is his bibliophilic masterpiece, luxuriously illustrated and informative about the Faroese churches and the history of the Faroe Islands from a regional point of view. Gregoriussen is an important advisor on the restoration of Faroese churches.

Buildings

1979: Faroese National Library
Broadcasting building in Útvarp Føroya
Pharmacy in Klaksvík
New savings bank in Tórshavn
1995: Listasavn Føroya

Stamps
The stamps he drew for the Postverk Føroya are representative of Gregoriussen's graphical artwork.
Old farmhouses, February 9, 1987, engraved by Czesław Słania (series of 4 stamps)
Old houses in Norðragøta, October 5, 1992 (series of 4 stamps)
Suðuroy, January 26, 2004 (miniature sheet of 10 stamps)
Christmas stamps, September 20, 2004; they depict the largest churches of the Suðuroy island, in Vágur and Tvøroyri.

Books
For the books where Gregoriussen was not the author, but only contributed the illustrations, the name of the author is given.

Ferðatekningar. Tórshavn: Egið forlag, 1986 (50 p., travel drawings, self-published)
Tórshavn, vár miðstøð og borg. Gøta: Aldan, 1989 (110 p., drawings of Tórshavn)
Jógvan Arge: Havnarmenn í Gundadali: Havnar Bóltfelag 1904–1954. Tórshavn: Havnar Bóltfelag, 1994. (256 p., festschrift "90 Years HB Tórshavn")
Kirkjurnar í Føroyum. In Faroese, in four volumes. The author has opulently illustrated these books (award-winning, definitive work).
Gomlu trækirkjurnar. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 1995  (227 p., about the old wooden churches) Information
Eldru hválvkirkjurnar. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 1997  (308 p., about the older vaulted churches; English summary: The Old Vaulted Churches, p. 306–308) Information
Yngru hválvkirkjurnar. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 1998.   (316 p., about the newer vaulted churches; English summary: The New Vaulted Churches, p. 314–316) Information
Nýggjaru kirkjurnar. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 1999  (326 p., about the newer churches; English summary: Modern Churches in Faroe, p. 324–326) Information
Tórshavn vár miðstøð og borg II: tekningar úr Havn. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 2000.  (104 p., drawings from Tórshavn, including 85 coloured drawings, 2nd volume. Summary in Danish and English)
Um heimsins borgir. Velbastað: Forlagið í Støplum, 2002.  (112 p., "Über die Prachtbauten der Welt") (In German)

Literature
Gunnar Hoydal, Palle Dyreborg, Curt von Jessen, Karen Zahle, Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld: Færøsk arkitektur = Architecture on the Faroe Islands. Copenhagen: Arkitektens Forlag, 1996.  (166 p., Danish and English)

1932 births
Living people
People from Tórshavn
Danish architects
Faroese writers
Faroese stamp designers
Faroese artists
Faroese graphic designers
Danish graphic designers
Faroese Literature Prize recipients
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni


Cayeux-en-Santerre (Picard: Tchéyu-in-Santérre) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D76 road, some  southeast of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Bindo Maserati (1883 - September 1980) was an Italian automotive engineer and businessman, known as the manager of Maserati and one of the Maserati Brothers.

Born in Voghera, he was a mechanic at Isotta Fraschini (1910–32) where he joined his brother Ettore Maserati. Only occasionally did he race, as in the Isotta Fraschini 8A SS with Aymo Maggi in Mille Miglia (1927). While the other brothers established the Maserati sparkplug manufacturer (1914) and car manufacturer (1926), Bindo did not join until 1932, when he took over as manager after Alfieri Maserati died. After being under Adolfo Orsi's management (1937–47), he moved with his brothers to Bologna (1947) to found the O.S.C.A. manufacturer. He died there in 1980.

References

Bindo
1883 births
1980 deaths
People from Voghera
Italian racing drivers
Mille Miglia drivers
Italian automotive engineers
Italian automotive pioneers
Formula One team owners
Maserati people
Italian founders of automobile manufacturers
Italian motorsport people
Sportspeople from the Province of Pavia


The theoroi ( or ) in ancient Greece were sacred ambassadors, messengers sent out by the state which was about to organize a Panhellenic game or festival. Theoroi were both received and hosted by the theorodokoi. In the classical Greek world, theoroi meant something like "observers" and they were envoys sent by city-states to consult oracles, to give offerings at famous shrines or attend festivals.

History

Etymology and purpose
Theoria was a word that referred to the duties of the theoroi; it came to mean any act of observing, and was used by Greek philosophers, generally, in the sense of "contemplation". The meaning of the term theoria possibly gives insight into the original purpose that the theoroi held, as they are thought to have been originally to oversee the games or festivals they were attending. As time went on their roles became more significant and their purpose evolved to be much more important in the setting up and execution of the events that took place.

Theoroi were critical in establishing and maintaining international relations between the various ancient Greek poleis. These ambassadors were sent a few months before the games were to start. They traveled all across the ancient Greek world to make contact with all ancient Greek city-states. Once they entered a polis and were received by a designated host, also known as theorodokoi, they announced the exact date of the relevant Panhellenic Game, and declared what became known as an Olympic Truce. This declaration by the theoroi was essential because it ensured safe passage of spectators and competitors to the Panhellenic Game or Festival by mandating that all warfare that would interfere cease immediately.

Theoroi were also seen as somewhat sacred figures and were treated in a very respectful manner. Aside from being received by a designated host in each city they traveled to, they were also given other special privileges. City-states also sent their own theoroi to the games or festival with their athletes or spectators as representatives of their city-state for the event. These theoroi took part in many of the sacred rituals or sacrifices for the event, as well as, had their own personal honorary seats for observing the festival or game. One such responsibility that was quite common and seen as important, was to perform the sacrifice at a festival. The city-state sending the theoroi set aside enough funds for the theoroi to perform the necessary sacrifice, and give it to the theoroi before he made his journey abroad. These seemingly basic honors served to show the respect each Greek polis had for each other, allowing them to maintain a healthy relationship. In one instance two theoroi were sent from Priene to Athens bearing gifts of food and arms. This was to show the Athenians that the polis of Priene wanted to extend their goodwill to the Athenians and wanted to participate in the event that was being hosted by Athens. In addition to informal acts of creating good relations between city-states, theoroi may have been used for a more direct means of establishing relationships. For example, a theoroi named Demosthenes from Olympia, sought to use his position as architheoros as a way of gaining an audience with Nikanor to discuss a decree that had been made. These traveling ambassadors were in many ways a much needed commonality between each Greek city-state and allowed them to maintain ties to one another.

Selection and societal role
Those chosen to be theoroi for their specific city-states were from the elites of that city-state. They were prominent members in society in order to give a good impression and handle their ambassadorship appropriately. They also were typically chosen by their representative city-state as a group of three for each event. This caused many of the powerful people from each polis to meet semi-regularly, allowing for people from the ruling classes of each polis (depending on the governmental structure of that polis), to establish relationships and possibly create friendly ties between their respective city-states. These regular meetings between the theoroi at festivals and games also allowed for the theoroi of a city-state to become more aware of happenings outside of their polis, and report back to their city-state when they returned. For example, theoroi from Athens attended a festival during the Peloponnesian War and learned of plans made by Sparta and Chios, which were to overthrow the Athenian influence in Chios. When they returned they were able to inform the Athenians and take measures to prevent this from happening.

Ancient inscriptions
In 2008, Nora A. Dimitrova published 171 inscriptions related to the theoroi and initiates sent by ancient Greek city-states to the island of Samothrace, dating from 180 BC to 186 AD; these inscriptions were found on the island of Samothrace and personally inspected by Nora, either on the island or wherever they had been taken after their discovery. The initiates and theoroi are thought to have been sent by over 70 identified city states in the ancient Greek World, with most of the theoroi inscriptions being dated to the older part of the time period.

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

Ancient Greek titles
Panhellenic Games
Interstate relations in ancient Greece


The cultural relationship between the Welsh and English manifests through many shared cultural elements including language, sport, religion and food. The cultural relationship is usually characterised by tolerance of people and cultures, although some mutual mistrust and racism or xenophobia persists. Hatred or fear of the Welsh by the English has been termed "Cymrophobia", and similar attitudes towards the English by the Welsh, or others, are termed "Anglophobia".

The relationship has developed historically from the origins of the two nations, and has been shaped by the military, political, economic and cultural power exercised by the more populous English over the Welsh for many centuries; differences between the English and Welsh languages; and the cultural importance attached by people in Wales to features of their national identity including the language, literature, religion, history, traditions, and the national sport of rugby union.

The Anglo-Norman kings of England had conquered Wales militarily by the 13th century, and under Henry VIII the country was incorporated into the Kingdom of England by the Laws in Wales Acts in the 16th century. Many elements of the Welsh economy and society since then have been shaped by demands from England, and Wales has been described as "England's first colony". However, Welsh identity remained strong, and recently there has been an increasing awareness and acknowledgement of Wales' cultural and historical separateness from England, which is reflected politically.

The Welsh language is in the Celtic language group, whereas English is in the West Germanic group; consequently the English language is further from the Welsh language in both vocabulary and grammar than from a number of European languages, such as Dutch, for example.

Historical background

Celt and Saxon

The Britons (Britanni) were the native inhabitants of Roman Britain, and spoke the Common Brittonic language, one of the Insular Celtic languages which evolved into Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric and Breton. By the time the Roman legions left in the early 5th century, the Britons (Brythons) had started to come under attack, leading to mass migrations of Angles, Jutes, Saxons and other Germanic peoples from the European mainland, who set up their own kingdoms and settled in what became England.

The native Britons established independent kingdoms such as Gwynedd, Powys, Gwent, and (under Irish influence) Dyfed in the more mountainous and remote west. The Battle of Chester in 616, won by the Angles of Northumbria, contributed to the isolation of what became Wales. Around 730, the English historian Bede described the Britons as "for the most part, through innate hatred... adverse to the English nation."  By that time, the Saxons had full control of Wessex and Mercia.  Mercia, in particular, came into conflict with Powys, and Offa's Dyke was built around 790 by the Mercian king Offa to create an effective barrier against incursions from the neighbouring Welsh kingdoms.

By the 11th century, if not earlier, Wales – with its own distinct legal system, though only intermittently unified as a political entity – had developed a national identity as Cymru, or "Land of the compatriots" (Cymry), in contrast to the Saeson or Saxons.  In England, the Anglo-Saxon language had long supplanted the old Brittonic languages, and the English words "Wales" and "Welsh", meaning "foreigners", came to be used to describe the free lands to the west.

Anglo-Norman conquest

After William of Normandy's conquest of England in 1066, responsibility for oppressing the Welsh passed to Marcher Lords in the border areas. Gwynedd and Powys initially remained independent, but were gradually subjugated under the technical overlordship of the kings of England. The writings of Giraldus Cambrensis, setting out both positive and negative aspects of what he saw as the Welsh character, date from around this time. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, building on the policy of his grandfather Llywelyn the Great, had his title of Prince of Wales accepted by the English crown in 1267.

Following Edward I's invasion in 1282, the Statute of Rhuddlan annexed Llywelyn's Principality of Wales – but not the whole country – to the kingdom of England, and the Welsh longbowmen became one of the numerous groups of foreign mercenaries serving with the English army.  English settlers were sent to live in the newly created borough towns which developed in the shadow of Edward I's castles, particularly in the south and east.  Over the next few centuries, the English dominated these garrison towns, from which the native Welsh were officially excluded. The settlers called themselves "the English burgesses of the English boroughs of Wales" and proclaimed that the new towns had been raised "for the habitation of Englishmen", excluding "mere Welshmen" from their privileges on the grounds that they were "foreigners" in the implanted boroughs. As historian R. R. Davies notes:
"Nowhere was the spirit of conquest and of racial superiority so vigorously and selfishly kept alive as in the English boroughs. It was little wonder that they were the most consistent target of Welsh resentment throughout the fourteenth century".

They imposed an English legal system, and the Welsh were not allowed to hold office in the government or church.  Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion in the early 15th century was the last armed rebellion of the Welsh against the English. Anti-Welsh riots were reported in Oxford and London, and Parliament imposed more repressive measures on Wales.

The Tudors and the early modern period
In 1485, Henry Tudor, who was of Welsh descent, gained the English throne as King Henry VII, thanks largely to the support of the Welsh who hoped he was the Mab Darogan who would restore Britain to the Britons. However, this led to the cementing of Wales into the English administrative and legal system under his son, Henry VIII. The Laws in Wales Acts of 1535–1542 annexed Wales to England, abolished the Welsh legal system, and banned the Welsh language from any official role and status. It also allowed members representing Wales to be elected to Parliament for the first time, although these were often not Welsh. The second of the Acts of Union (1542) established the Court of Great Sessions to deal with major misdemeanours in Wales: of the 217 judges who sat on its benches in its 288 years of existence, only 30 were Welshmen and it is unlikely that more than a handful of the latter – members of the higher gentry – actually spoke Welsh.

Gradually, the Welsh language – which remained the language of the overwhelming majority of the Welsh – regained some of the ground it had lost.  There were translations of the full Bible into Welsh by 1600, and over the next two centuries there was a steady growth of education in the Welsh language, and the revival of traditions such as the eisteddfod. The attitude towards the Welsh language in England was hostile. A flood of anti-Welsh pamphlets were printed in the 17th century, such as Wallography by William Richards (1682), which wishes the speedy demise of the Welsh language:

The native gibberish is usually prattled throughout the whole of Taphydom except in their market towns, whose inhabitants being a little raised do begin to despise it. 'Tis usually cashiered out of gentlemen's houses ... so that (if the stars prove lucky) there may be some glimmering hopes that the British language may be quite extinct and may be Englished out of Wales.

Distinct democratic and religious movements also began to develop in Wales.  However, legislation in 1746 introduced the legislative notion that, in all future laws, references to "England" would by default include Wales.

The nursery rhyme "Taffy was a Welshman" was first published around 1780, and seems to have been particularly popular in the English counties that bordered Wales.  The name "Taffy" for any Welshman may derive either from the name Dafydd, or from the River Taff which flows through Cardiff.

Industrial Revolution
The development of 19th-century Anglo-Saxonism led to theories of English (and Scottish) racial superiority that described the Welsh as racially inferior. Around the same time, English and Scottish industrialists began establishing iron works and other heavy industry in the coalfield of south Wales.  By attracting labour from the rural areas, this produced new urban concentrations of Welsh speakers, and helped build the culture of the South Wales Valleys communities.  The Merthyr Rising of 1831 was a protest against exploitation by the mine owners which began a period of unrest, including the "Rebecca Riots" and the Chartist movement, and a process of radical thinking.  In Parliament, Lord Melbourne declared that south Wales was "the worst and most formidable district in the kingdom." The concerns of the British political establishment were confirmed in the 1847 Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, commonly known in Wales as the Treason of the Blue Books, which, based on evidence taken in towns and villages around Wales, said that "The Welsh language is a vast drawback to Wales and a manifold barrier to the moral progress and commercial prosperity of the people. It is not easy to over-estimate its evil effects." The report's 3 commissioners were English, and spoke no Welsh, but relied on an army of Welsh-speaking assistant commissioners to collect evidence from the Welsh population, around half of which spoke no English at the time. As a result, English-only schools were set up in much of Wales, and, although use of the "Welsh Not" was virtually unknown by then, there were some reports that it continued to be used in a few places.

Although 18th and 19th century English writers increasingly recognised the beauty and grandeur of the Welsh landscape, many contrasted this with a negative view of the Welsh people themselves. For example, The Times newspaper wrote in 1866: "Wales... is a small country, unfavourably situated for commercial purposes, with an indifferent soil, and inhabited by an unenterprising people. It is true it possesses valuable minerals but these have chiefly been developed by English energy and for the supply of English wants."  At the same time, rural areas close to England became more depopulated and anglicised, as many people moved to the growing English cities in the north west and Midlands.  Welsh culture was important in these areas; for example, the National Eisteddfod of Wales was held in either Liverpool or Birkenhead six times between 1884 and 1929.

Changes to the electoral system meant that, by the end of the 19th century, a Welsh presence began to be felt in British politics. In 1881, the Sunday Closing Act was the first piece of parliamentary legislation that granted Wales the status of a distinct national unit.  Around the turn of the 20th century there was considerable anti-Welsh feeling in the English establishment.  Prime Minister of the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith said in 1905 "I would sooner go to hell than to Wales." One of Evelyn Waugh's characters in the novel Decline and Fall (1928) was made to say: "From the earliest times the Welsh have been looked upon as an unclean people. It is thus that they have preserved their racial integrity. Their sons and daughters rarely mate with human-kind except their own blood relations..... I often think that we can trace almost all the disasters of English history to the influence of Wales."

20th century
In the early 20th century, Welsh politicians such as David Lloyd George (prime minister from 1916 to 1922), and later Aneurin Bevan (architect of the NHS) rose to UK-wide prominence.

The powerlessness of Welsh politicians in influencing their own affairs, due to the English numerical superiority in Parliament, was highlighted in the mid-20th century. Liverpool City Council had decided to expand the industry of Liverpool and The Wirral. Believing that they would need access to an increased water supply, they chose the Tryweryn Valley, near Bala, even though the development would require flooding the village of Capel Celyn. In 1956, a private bill sponsored by Liverpool City Council was brought before Parliament to create Llyn Celyn reservoir, thus circumventing planning consent from the relevant Welsh local authorities, by obtaining authority via a parliamentary Act.

Despite 35 of the 36 Welsh Members of Parliament (MPs) voting against the bill, with the other abstaining, Parliament – with 630 MPs, the majority of members represented constituencies in England – still passed the bill. Years of democratic, non-violent Welsh protest were in vain, Capel Celyn was drowned, and a new wave of Welsh nationalism, including the Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru () and the Free Wales Army, were born.

The Welsh Language Acts of 1967 and 1993 gave the language equal status in Wales, and in 1997 the Welsh electorate voted to establish a Welsh assembly, known as the Senedd since 2019.

Recent comments

Anti-Welsh sentiment
Examples of anti-Welsh sentiment in the media include the journalist A. A. Gill (born in Scotland to English parents) who in The Sunday Times in 1997 described the Welsh as "loquacious, dissemblers, immoral liars, stunted, bigoted, dark, ugly, pugnacious little trolls." The English writer A. N. Wilson said: "The Welsh have never made any significant contribution to any branch of knowledge, culture or entertainment.  They have no architecture, no gastronomic tradition, no literature worthy of the name." (Evening Standard, 1993)

In 2000, a cross-party group of Members of the National Assembly of Wales, representing all four political parties in the Assembly, called for an end to what they termed "persistent anti-Welsh racism" in the UK media.

Television personality Anne Robinson (born in England of Irish origin) appeared on the comedy show Room 101 in 2001 and made derisive comments about Welsh people, such as "what are they for?" and "I never did like them". The show is designed to draw extreme views from interview subjects in order to generate controversy and humour. The people she was thinking about were supposedly those who spoke Welsh around the market stall operated by her mother in Liverpool during her childhood. North Wales Police spent 96 hours investigating the comments, and concluded that no crime had been committed. Although she was cleared by the Broadcasting Standards Commission, it was stated that her comments "came close to bordering on racism." The North Wales Police have also investigated allegations of anti-Welsh racism made against Tony Blair and columnist Cristina Odone. Again, no charges were brought.

Writer Neal Ascherson commented that: "Southern views of the Scots over the last hundred years have been faintly sceptical – "chippy, lacking in humour, slow to unbend" – but on the whole affectionate. (Contrast English attitudes to Welshness, which, for reasons I am not sure of, are often genuinely hostile)."

Former BBC presenter Jeremy Clarkson is well known for his comments about other countries and regularly expresses anti-Welsh prejudice, e.g. "It's entirely unfair that some people are born fat or ugly or dyslexic or disabled or ginger or small or Welsh. Life, I'm afraid, is tragic." Another example, in the context of Wales's 2008 Grand Slam victory: "You can never rely on the French. All they had to do was go to Cardiff last weekend with a bit of fire in their bellies and they'd have denied Wales the Six Nations Grand Slam. But no. They turned up instead with cheese in their bellies and mooched about for 80 minutes, seemingly not at all bothered that we've got to spend the next 12 months listening to the sheepsters droning on about their natural superiority and brilliance. Or worse. Give them a Grand Slam and the next thing you know, all our holiday cottages are on fire. There are, of course, other reasons I hoped the French would win. I’d rather live in France than Wales; I’d rather eat a snail than a daffodil; I’d certainly rather drink French fizzy wine; and I’d much rather sleep with Carole Bouquet than Charlotte Church."
On his BBC2 show he placed a plastic map of Wales in a microwave and burned it to audience applause. On 4 September 2011, in his weekend column for The Sun newspaper, Clarkson said "I think we are fast approaching the time when the United Nations should start to think seriously about abolishing other languages. What’s the point of Welsh for example? All it does is provide a silly maypole around which a bunch of hotheads can get all nationalistic."

In October 2010, Rod Liddle, in The Spectator magazine, described Welsh people as "miserable, seaweed munching, sheep-bothering pinch-faced hill-tribes" while calling for the closure of S4C as part of the 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review.

Anti-English sentiment
Concerns over the decline of the Welsh language and its historical proscription have contributed to anti-English sentiment in Wales. Other factors include sporting rivalry, particularly over rugby; religious differences concerning nonconformism and English episcopacy; industrial disputes which usually involved English capital and Welsh labour; resentment over the conquest and subjection of Wales; and the exploitation of Wales' natural resources such as coal and water. In 1977, Welsh rugby player Phil Bennett is reputed to have inspired his teammates for the Wales v England game with a pre-match speech: "Look what these bastards have done to Wales. They've taken our coal, our water, our steel. They buy our homes and only live in them for a fortnight every year. What have they given us? Absolutely nothing. We've been exploited, raped, controlled and punished by the English – and that's who you are playing this afternoon."

Llew Smith then Labour MP for Blaenau Gwent, gave a Commons speech critical of Welsh nationalism claiming (for example) that Nationalists resisted evacuation of children from English cities during WWII. HM Prison Parc reported problems with anti-English racism, as well as racism towards other ethnic groups. In 2000,  The Chairman of Swansea Bay Race Equality Council said that 'Devolution has brought a definite increase in anti-English behaviour'.

English immigration to Wales is another point of contention. From 1979 to 1994, the Welsh militant group Meibion Glyndŵr () firebombed 300 English-owned homes in Wales. In 1989, the group attempted arson against several estate agents in Wales and England, and against the offices of the Conservative Party in London. A Welsh businessman, and former chair of the Welsh Language Board, John Elfed Jones, characterised English migration as the human version of foot-and-mouth disease. Author Simon Brooks recommended that English-owned homes in Wales be 'peacefully occupied'. The vice-president of Plaid Cymru, Gwilym ab Ioan, was forced to resign when he said that Wales had become a "dumping ground for oddballs, social misfits and society drop-outs" from England. Both comments were reported to the Commission for Racial Equality although the cases were dropped after an apology by John Elfed Jones, but not Gwilym ab Ioan - who never offered any apology and maintains to the present that his comments were factually true and irrefutable.  A Plaid Cymru county councillor, Seimon Glyn was criticised as anti-English when he said that English migration to Wales ought to be controlled, and that English incomers ought to be required to learn and speak Welsh. BNP leader Nick Griffin was accused of playing on concerns over the decline of Welsh when his party aired a Welsh-language broadcast which tied racism towards ethnic minority immigrants to Wales with racism towards English-speaking incomers to Wales. In response to this Dafydd Elis-Thomas, a former leader of Plaid Cymru, said that there was an anti-English strand to Welsh nationalism. His remarks were condemned by the Welsh Language Society and others.

See also

England–Wales border
England and Wales
English people
Cross-border derby
Severnside Derby
Little England beyond Wales
Welsh people
Cornish people
Xenophobia

References

External links
Jan Morris, Mocking the Welsh is the last permitted bigotry, The Spectator, 22 July 2009
Article: "The visitor to Wales is greeted with what seems unfeigned warmth and politeness. Yet underneath the surface, Welsh-English tensions remain."
Discussion of reports that Welsh speakers "only start speaking Welsh when the English turn up"
Article on relationship between the Welsh and English languages

Racism
Anti-national sentiment
English culture
Welsh culture
Culture of the United Kingdom
Racism in Wales
England–Wales relations
Racism in England


The Byron Reed Collection features rare books, manuscripts, autographs and coins that are located at the Durham Museum in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. According to experts, "Byron Reed was one of the greatest collectors of the 19th century," with a reputation as a numismatist that is "largely unrecognized." Reed began collecting in the 1870s, continuing until he died, in 1891.

About

In the late 19th century, Omaha real estate agent Byron Reed gradually put together a stunning collection of coins, documents, books, maps, and other items of great historical importance. Upon his death in 1891, Reed gave his collection to the city of Omaha and it is now housed at The Durham Museum. Significant portions of Reed's collection are on exhibit; of special interest is the "Treasures Cabinet," containing Reed's specimen of the 1804 Dollar.

A corresponding member of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society of New York, Byron Reed was a pioneer real estate businessman who was regarded as an "industrious" collector. His coin collection is still thought to be one of the most complete in the United States, and includes numerous Jewish and Roman coins, as well as an almost perfect compilation of coinage of the U.S. from colonial times through to the 1890s. In 1999 the Reed 1804 Dollar was labeled the "King of American Coins."

Highlights
Reed's personal library includes numerous documents relevant to the founding of Omaha, as well as religious texts from the Middle Ages. His collection is considered to include one of the largest numismatic libraries in the Midwestern United States. According to many experts, the library is probably the last one formed in the 19th century to remain intact.

Display

After his death, the collection was willed to the City of Omaha and the Omaha Public Library. Today the Byron Reed Collection is in the care of, and on display at, the Durham Western Heritage Museum (now the Durham Museum) in Omaha. According to Larry Wilson, a historian and numismatic researcher for the Independent Coin Grading Service:

Value
A recent assessment of the Byron Reed Collection valued the collection at $7,894,013. The collection includes 1,163 coins from the United States that are valued at $6,447,000. 693 coins from around the world are worth $95,000. There are 1,400 pieces of exonumia valued at $322,000. The 673 pieces of paper money is worth $54,000, and the 2,850 books and documents in the collection total $975,000.

In 1996, the Omaha City Council decided to sell portions of the Byron Reed Collection at auction. The sale, held at Christie's in New York City, was held October 8 and October 9, 1996. All of the 562 lots offered were sold, for a total of $6.1 million.

References

External links
The Byron Reed Collection at the Durham Western Heritage Museum

History of Omaha, Nebraska
Culture of Omaha, Nebraska
Numismatics
Exonumia
Collections of museums in the United States


Michael Charles Lake (born 16 November 1966), commonly known as Mike Lake, is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Lake was born in Manchester. After being a peripheral figure in his first few seasons at Sheffield United and hindered by injuries, Lake then featured more regularly in the early 1990s once United were back in the old First Division. Lake's time at United is best remembered during the 1991–92 season where he had a consistent spell in the team and scored four times in four games, all of which were opportunist and often spectacular. Lake, with his distinctive long hair and sudden goal scoring streak, became a cult-hero at United and as a result of the spectacular goals the Blades fans nicknamed Lake, Mike "Zico" Lake, after the famous Brazilian footballer Arthur Antunes Coimbra, better known as Zico. In particular, Lake is remembered at United for his long range goal against Southampton in a 4–2 victory at The Dell. The goal was also nominated for goal of the month and was described as a "Brazilian bender" by United's manager Dave Bassett. Lake also scored a second in the same match, again from long range, this time aided by a deflection.

In search of regular first team football, Lake joined Wrexham in November of the 1992–93 season, first in a three-month loan which was then made permanent in a £40,000 deal later on in the season, much to the delight of the Wrexham fans, of which numerous had written to Lake personally asking him to join permanently, upon the end of his loan spell. Lake again became a favourite and won promotion with Wrexham during the same season. Injuries began to then take their toll and Lake was released by Wrexham at the end of the 1994–95 season. Lake won the Welsh Cup in his final season at the Racecourse Stadium. Wrexham was Lake's last club as injuries prevented him from playing elsewhere and he had to retire.

Personal life
He is the elder brother of former Manchester City favourite Paul Lake.

References

Living people
1966 births
Footballers from Manchester
Men's association football midfielders
English men's footballers
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players


Radiance of Shadows is the eighth full-length by Canadian drone doom band Nadja, released on October 8, 2007 by Alien8 Recordings.

Track listing

Personnel
Aidan Baker – guitar, vocals, piano, woodwinds, drums
Leah Buckareff – bass guitar, vocals

External links
Alien8 page about the album

Nadja (band) albums
2007 albums
Alien8 Recordings albums


Valea Călugărească is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of fifteen villages: Arva, Coslegi, Dârvari, Pantazi, Rachieri, Radila, Schiau, Valea Călugărească, Valea Largă, Valea Mantei, Valea Nicovani, Valea Poienii, Valea Popii, Valea Ursoii and Vârfurile.

Valea Călugărească produces some of the highest quality red wines in Romania, such as Pinot noir and Fetească neagră, but also whites such as Pinot gris and Sauvignon blanc, and two of its own varieties, Fetească albă and Fetească regală. To promote its wine related traditions, Valea Călugărească hosts the largest wine festival in the country every September.

References

Communes in Prahova County
Localities in Muntenia


The UWA World Trios Championship is a tag team professional wrestling championship created by the Mexican Universal Wrestling Association and defended there until the UWA closed in 1995. Since then, the championship has been defended in various promotions in Japan.

As it is a professional wrestling championship, the championship is not won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company.

The current champions are Aagan Iisou (Shuji Kondo, Takuya Sugawara and Toru Owashi).

History
After the UWA's closing, the title was inactive for many years before being recycled as trios belts for the Toryumon Japan promotion. The titles fell back into disrepair due to Último Dragón leaving Toryumon and taking the name with him, causing the then-Toryumon workers to create Dragon Gate, where they created new belts for the new company. After leaving Toryumon Japan, the titles ended up in the hands of its descendant promotion El Dorado and the Mexico based Toryumon Gym. Neither group promoted shows on a regular basis, which produced two unsuccessful attempts to relaunch the championship. In 2007, El Dorado revived the title again. In 2008 El Dorado Wrestling folded and the title moved to DDT Pro-Wrestling, where it was active until 2012, the final champions were Harashima, Toru Owashi and Yukihiro Abe. On August 30, 2015, it was announced that the title would be revived by the Wrestle-1 promotion on October 9. The title has since moved to Big Japan Pro Wrestling and DDT's Pro-Wrestling Basara sub-group.

Reigns

Combined reigns
As of  , .

By wrestler

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
!Rank
!Wrestler
!data-sort-type="number"|No. ofreigns
!data-sort-type="number"|Combineddays
|-
!1
|style="background-color:#ffe6bd"| Toru Owashi † || 4 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|¤+
|-
!2
|style="background-color:#ffe6bd"| Takuya Sugawara † || 3 || +
|-
!3
|style="background-color:#ffe6bd"| Shuji Kondo † || 6 || +
|-
!rowspan=2|4
| El Signo || 5 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|841¤
|-
| Negro Navarro || 6 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|841¤
|-
!6
| Nosawa Rongai || 6 || 655
|-
!7
| Black Power II || 2 || 611
|-
!rowspan=3|8
| El Brazo || 3 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|572¤
|-
| Brazo de Oro || 3 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|572¤
|-
| Brazo de Plata || 3 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|572¤
|-
!11
| Minoru Fujita/Fujita || 4 || 528
|-
!rowspan=3|12
| Villano I || 5 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|500¤
|-
| Villano IV || 5 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|500¤
|-
| Villano V || 5 || style="background-color:#bbeeff"|500¤
|-
!rowspan=3|15
| Billyken Kid || 1 || 496
|-
| Masamune || 1 || 496
|-
| Tsubasa || 1 || 496
|-
!rowspan=2|18
| Cima || 4 || 490
|-
| Big Fujii || 4 || 490
|-
!20
| Masada || 3 || 465
|-
!rowspan=3|21
| Mango Fukuda || 1 || 385
|-
| Pineapple Hanai || 1 || 385
|-
| Takeshi Minamino || 1 || 385
|-
!rowspan=3|24
| Francesco Togo || 1 || 335
|-
| Piza Michinoku || 1 || 335
|-
| Antonio Honda || 1 || 335
|-
!27
| Yassini/"brother" Yasshi || 2 || 312
|-
!28
| Suwa || 3 || 247
|-
!29
| Taru || 1 || 243
|-
!rowspan=3|30
| Seiki Yoshioka || 3 || 223
|-
| Scorpio Jr. || 3 || 223
|-
| Shu El Guerrero || 3 || 223
|-
!33
| Kaz Hayashi || 3 || 216
|-
!34
| El Engendro || 2 || 216
|-
!35
| Nobutaka Araya || 1 || 209
|-
!rowspan=3|36
| Kahoz || 2 || 197
|-
| Rambo || 2 || 197
|-
| Zandokan || 2 || 197
|-
!39
| Dragon Kid || 3 || 194
|-
!40
| Andy Wu || 3 || 189
|-
!rowspan=2|41
| Minoru Tanaka || 1 || 180
|-
| Tajiri || 1 || 180
|-
!rowspan=2|43
| Koji Doi || 4 || 179
|-
| Daiki Inaba || 2 || 179
|-
!45
| Kumagoro || 4 || 169
|-
!46
| Hikaru Sato || 3 || 151
|-
!rowspan=2|47
| Brahman Kei || 1 || 142
|-
| Brahman Shu || 1 || 142
|-
!49
| Jiro Kuroshio || 4 || 137
|-
!50
| Masaaki Mochizuki || 3 || 134
|-
!51
| Susumu Yokosuka || 3 ||| 127
|-
!52
| Manabu Soya || 2 || 121
|-
!rowspan=2|55
| Kenichiro Arai || 2 || 119
|-
| Ryo Saito || 2 || 119
|-
!rowspan=3|53
| Daiki Shimomura || 2 || 118
|-
| Isami Kodaka † || 2 || 118
|-
| Rocky Santana || 1 || 118
|-
!rowspan=3|58
| Takato Nakano || 1 || 105
|-
| Takumi Tsukamoto || 1 || 105
|-
| Yasu Urano || 1 || 105
|-
!61
| Takanori Ito || 1 || 102
|-
!rowspan=3|62
| Great Kojika || 1 || 101
|-
| Riho || 1 || 101
|-
| Mr. #6 || 1 || 101
|-
!65
| Ganseki Tanaka || 1 || 92
|-
!66
| Yusuke Kodama || 2 || 88
|-
!67
| Darkness Dragon || 2 || 83
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
!rowspan=2|68
| Milano Collection A.T. || 2 || 80¤
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Yossino || 2 || 80¤
|-
!rowspan=2|70
| Jun Kasai || 1 || 75
|-
| Magnum Tokyo || 1 || 75
|-
!72
| Yasufumi Nakanoue || 2 || 66
|-
!rowspan=3|73
| Akiyori Takizawa || 1 || 58
|-
| Naoki Tanizaki || 1 || 58
|-
| Ryota Nakatsu || 1 || 58
|-
!rowspan=2|76
| Danshoku Dino || 1 || 56
|-
| Masa Takanashi || 1 || 56
|-
!78
|Ryuichi Sekine || 1 || 55
|-
!rowspan=3|79
| Fatu || 1 || 54
|-
| Great Kokina || 1 || 54
|-
| The Samoan Savage || 1 || 54
|-
!rowspan=2|82
| Michael Nakazawa || 1 || 53
|-
| Tomomitsu Matsunaga || 1 || 53
|-
!rowspan=2|84
| Kohei Fujimura || 1 || 46
|-
| Yusuke Kodama || 1 || 46
|-
!86
| Genki Horiguchi || 1 || 44
|-
!rowspan=4|87
| Shotaro Ashino || 1 || 42
|-
| Seigo Tachibana || 1 || 42
|-
| Keisuke Ishii || 1 || 42
|-
| Yoshihiko || 1 || 42
|-
!rowspan=2|91
| Hub || 1 || 36
|-
| Ultimate Spider Jr. || 1 || 36
|-
!rowspan=4|93
| Atsushi Kotoge || 1 || 28
|-
| Daisuke Harada || 1 || 28
|-
| Second Doi || 1 || 28
|-
| Takoyakida || 1 || 28
|-
!97
| Jay Freddie || 1 || 14
|-
!98
| Yasushi Kanda || 1 || 11
|-
!99
| Masayuki Kono || 1 || 7
|-
!rowspan=3|100
| Ebessan  || 1 || 6
|-
| Kanjyuro Matsuyama || 1 || 6
|-
| Kuishinbo Kamen || 1 || 6
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
!rowspan=12|103
|Black Man || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Gedo || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Harashima || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Jado || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Katsushi Takemura || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Kato Kung Lee || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Kung Fu || 1 ||
|-style="background-color:#bbeeff"
| Yukihiro Abe || 1 ||
|-

Footnotes

References

Trios wrestling tag team championships
Universal Wrestling Association championships
El Dorado Wrestling championships
DDT Pro-Wrestling championships
Wrestle-1 championships
Big Japan Pro Wrestling championships
World professional wrestling championships
Toryumon championships
Pro-Wrestling Basara championships


Alan McLeary (born 6 October 1964) is an English football former defender. He spent the majority of his career at Millwall, but also had spells at Charlton Athletic and Bristol City, as well as loan spells at Sheffield United and Wimbledon.

In 1998, McLeary was appointed assistant manager at Millwall, and in May 1999, he was promoted to co-manager alongside longtime teammate Keith Stevens. The duo were sacked in September 2000. He later had a short spell as caretaker manager at Millwall following the departure of David Tuttle at the end of the 2005–06 season.

References

External links

Living people
1964 births
Footballers from Lambeth
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers
English football managers
Millwall F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Millwall F.C. managers
Premier League players
England men's under-21 international footballers


Hochbergellus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae.

This genus of snails has only one species, which is not distinguishable from species of the genus Vespericola on the basis of shell characters. The two genera are distinguished only by internal anatomical characters.

Distribution
Hochbergellus  is restricted to coastal Oregon, U.S.A.

Species
The sole species in this genus is:

Hochbergellus hirsutus Roth and Miller, 1992

References

Polygyridae


I Thank You is a 1941 black and white British comedy film directed by Marcel Varnel and starring Arthur Askey, Richard Murdoch, Graham Moffatt and Moore Marriott. It was produced by Edward Black at Gainsborough Pictures.

Plot summary
The film is set in London during the Second World War at the time of the Blitz. The leads are a couple of out of work variety entertainers who use great ingenuity in their efforts to get financial assistance to "put on a show". Hoping to put their proposal to the formidable Lady Randall, ex-music hall star Lily Morris, they infiltrate her house in the guise of a servant (Murdoch) and cook (Askey - in drag). After some farcical interludes, they achieve their aim after Lady Randall is persuaded to sing an old music hall standard "Waiting at the Church" at an impromptu show located underground at Aldwych tube station, - used during wartime as an underground bomb shelter. As the ex-music hall star, Lily Morris plays herself. The title of the film is a gentrified version of Arthur Askey's famous catch-phrase - "I thangyew". Also in the film is elderly comic actor Moore Marriott, who plays Lady Randall's eccentric father, and Graham Moffatt as Albert who also appears under that name in the comedy films of both Will Hay and Arthur Askey.

Cast
Arthur Askey as Arthur
Richard Murdoch as Stinker
Lily Morris as Lady Randall
Moore Marriott as Pop Bennett
Graham Moffatt as Albert Brown
Peter Gawthorne as Dr. Pope
Kathleen Harrison as Cook
Felix Aylmer as Henry Potter
 Eleanor Farrell as herself
 Charlie Forsythe as himself
 Addie Seamon as herself
Issy Bonn as himself
Cameron Hall as Lomas
Wally Patch as Bill
Roberta Huby as Bobbie
Noel Dainton as Police Sergeant
Phyllis Morris as Miss Pizer

Soundtrack
Arthur Askey - "Hello to the Sun" (Written by Noel Gay and Frank Eyton)
Arthur Askey and Richard Murdoch - "Half of Everything Is Yours" (Written by Noel Gay and Frank Eyton)
Eleanor Farrell - "Oh Johnny, Teach Me to Dance" (Written by Noel Gay and Frank Eyton)
Charlie Forsythe - "Let's Get Hold of Hitler" (Written by Noel Gay and Frank Eyton)
Lily Morris - "Waiting at the Church" (Written by Fred W. Leigh and Henry E. Pether)

Critical reception
The Radio Times gave the film two out of five stars, and wrote, "not even the hard-working Arthur Askey and Richard Murdoch plus Will Hay old boys Moore Marriott and Graham Moffatt can warm up this tepid "upstairs-downstairs" charade"; whereas Sky Movies rated the film three out of five stars, describing it as a "cheerful, long-unseen British wartime romp...It's all directed by that master of comic organisation, Frenchman Marcel (Oh, Mr Porter!) Varnel. It's not one of his best, and some of it looks pretty dated now, but some scenes still raise a hearty chuckle."

References

External links

1941 films
British comedy films
British World War II propaganda films
1940s English-language films
British black-and-white films
1941 comedy films
Films directed by Marcel Varnel
Battle of Britain films
Gainsborough Pictures films
Films with screenplays by Marriott Edgar


Paul Anthony Rogers (born 21 March 1965) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder.

He started his career at non-league club Sutton United, and was part of the team that defeated Coventry City in the third round of the 1988–89 FA Cup.

In January 1992, he joined Sheffield United, who were in the First Division at the time, for a fee of £35,000. At the time he was a London-based Commodities Broker. His debut was for Sheffield United Reserves against Liverpool Reserves in a Ponting League match at Bramall Lane on 21 January 1992. He went on to make over 120 league appearances for the club before moving to Notts County in 1995. However, he soon moved again to Wigan Athletic in 1997 following a successful loan spell. He made 100 league appearances for the club, and scored the winning goal for Wigan in the final of the Associate Members' Cup in 1999.

Rogers went on play at Brighton for four years before announcing his retirement from professional football in 2003. He joined Isthmian League side Worthing as a player-coach, where he stayed until finally bringing an end to his playing career in 2008.

In 2009, he joined Burgess Hill Town as a club coach.

He is currently Brighton's head of commercial services.

See also
 Sutton United 2–1 Coventry City (1989)

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Sutton United F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Worthing F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Footballers from Portsmouth
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. non-playing staff


36 Ursae Majoris is a double star in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.8, it can be seen with the naked eye in suitable dark skies. Based upon parallax measurements, this binary lies at a distance of  from Earth.

The brighter star of the two is a solar analog—meaning it has physical properties that make it similar to the Sun. It has 10% more mass and a radius 17% larger than the Sun, with an estimated age of four billion years. The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of F8 V, which indicates this is a main sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen. The energy is being radiated into space from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of . This gives the star the characteristic yellow-white hue of an F-type star.

The fainter of the two stars has an apparent magnitude 8.86 and shares a common proper motion witIts spectral type of K7Ve indicates it is a red dwarf.  Its has a mass 60% of the Sun's, a temperature of  and a bolometric luminosity only 1% of the Sun's.

36 Ursae Majoris has a second companion with a magnitude of 11.44 located at an angular separation of 240.6″ along a position angle of 292°, as of 2004.  It does not share the proper motion of the other two stars and is a more massive and luminous star but much further away.

Hunt for substellar objects

According to Nelson & Angel (1998), 36 Ursae Majoris could host one or two (or at least three) jovian planets (or even brown dwarfs) at wide separations from the host star, with orbital periods of 10–15, 25 and 50 years respectively. The authors have set upper limits of 1.1–2, 5.3 and 24 Jupiter masses for the putative planetary objects. Also Lippincott (1983) had previously noticed the possible presence of a massive unseen companion (with nearly 70 times the mass of Jupiter, just below the stellar regime, thus a brown dwarf). Putative parameters for the substellar object show an orbital period of 18 years and quite a high eccentricity (e=0.8).  Even Campbell et al. 1988 inferred the existence of planetary objects or even brown dwarfs less massive than 14 Jupiter masses around 36 Ursae Majoris.

Nevertheless, no certain planetary companion has yet been detected or confirmed. The McDonald Observatory team has set limits to the presence of one or more planets with masses between 0.13 and 2.5 Jupiter masses and average separations spanning between 0.05 and 5.2 AU.

An infrared excess has been detected around this star, most likely indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk at a radius of 38.6 AU. The temperature of this dust is .

References

External links
 The Range of Masses and Periods Explored by Radial Velocity Searches for Planetary Companions
An unseen companion to 36 Ursae Majoris A from analysis of plates taken with the Sproul 61-CM refractor
A search for substellar companions to southern solar-type stars
 Detection Limits from the McDonald Observatory Planet Search Program

Ursa Major
36 Ursae Majoris A
36 Ursae Majoris C
Ursae Majoris, 36
Triple stars
Ursae Majoris, 36
4112
090839
051459
Durchmusterung objects
0394 5


Miki Sakai (Sakai Miki, 酒井美紀), born 21 February 1978 in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan is an actress and J-pop idol singer.

As a teenager she made her feature film debut in the 1995 Shunji Iwai film Love Letter playing the role of Itsuki Fujii as a young girl. The film was a huge box-office success and Miki picked up a number of awards for her role including a Japanese Academy Award for 'Newcomer of the Year'.

She also starred in Hagusen nagashi (1996) on TV as well as in numerous other television series and movies. Miki's portrayal of the character Tomie in the 2001 horror movie Tomie: Re-birth was one of the more popular interpretations of the role.

In January 2008, Miki Sakai appeared in the 10-hour long TV historical drama Tokugawa Fūunroku Hachidai Shōgun Yoshimune.

Filmography

Film
 Love Letter (1995), young Itsuki Fujii
 Himeyuri no Tō (1995)
 Nagareita shichinin (1997)
 Abduction (1997), Mayo
 To Love (1997), Mitsu Morita
 Juvenile (2000), Noriko Kinoshita
 Tomie: Re-birth (2001), Tomie Kawakami
 Samayou Yaiba (2009), Wakako Kijima
 Kamen Rider OOO Wonderful: The Shogun and the 21 Core Medals (2011)
 Tomie: Unlimited (2011), Tomie (cameo)
 You Are Brilliant Like a Spica (2019)
 Talking the Pictures (2019)
 Akira and Akira (2022)

Television
 Hakusen Nagashi (1996), Sonoko Nanakura
 Hakusen Nagashi: Spring at Age 19 (1997), Sonoko Nanakura
 Hakusen Nagashi: The Wind at Age 20 (1999), Sonoko Nanakura
 Aoi Tokugawa Sandai (2000), Tokugawa Masako
 Hakusen Nagashi: The Poem of Travels (2001), Sonoko Nanakura
 Hakusen Nagashi: Age 25 (2003), Sonoko Nanakura
 Hakusen Nagashi: The Final: Even as the Times of Dreaming have Passed (2005), Sonoko Nanakura
 Tokugawa Fūunroku Hachidai Shōgun Yoshimune (2008)
 Showa Genroku Rakugo Shinju (2018), Oei
 Because We Forget Everything (2022)

Awards

References

External links
 Official profile

1978 births
Living people
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
Japanese film actresses
Japanese television actresses
Singers from Shizuoka (city)
Actors from Shizuoka Prefecture
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers


Abdelhalim Ourradi (born March 19, 1981) is an Algerian boxer. He won the 2007 All-African title in the bantamweight division and qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics for his native North African country.

Career
At the African Championships in 2005, Ouradi lost the semifinal in the flyweight division to Walid Cherif. He then moved up to bantamweight, where he lost to Bruno Julie at the African Championships in May 2007.

At the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algeria, he defeated Julie in the semifinals and Ghanaian Issa Samir in the final.

Ouradi won the gold medal in the 51 kg division at the African Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Algiers, Algeria, where he beat Moroccan boxer Mesbahi Hicham 6:0 in the final.. He later won the Ahmet Comert Cup tournament.

At the Olympics, Ouradi was defeated by Irish boxer John Joe Nevin 4:9.

In 2009, Ouradi upset world class local hero Bruno Julie in a rematch and won the African Championships in Mauritius.

References
sports-reference
African Championships 2007
AllAfrica 2007
African Championships 2009
Qualifier
Bio

1981 births
Living people
Flyweight boxers
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Algeria
Algerian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Algeria
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
21st-century Algerian people
20th-century Algerian people


Robert Parker (June 26, 1796 – November 24, 1865) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented St. John County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1826 to 1830.

Parker was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Robert Parker and Jane Hatch, and was educated in Saint John and Windsor, Nova Scotia. He went on to study at King's College, then studied law with Ward Chipman, Jr. and was called to the bar in 1820. In the same year, he married Susan Robinson, the niece of John Robinson and became a director and the solicitor for the Bank of New Brunswick. From 1826 to 1834, he practiced law in partnership with his brother Neville. Parker served as attorney general in 1828 following the death of Thomas Wetmore and became solicitor general later that year after Charles Jeffery Peters was named attorney general. He was also named judge commissary in the vice admiralty court. In 1834, he was named puisne judge in the province's Supreme Court. In 1865, he was named Chief Justice but died a few months later in Saint John.

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1796 births
1865 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
People from Saint John, New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick judges
Attorneys General of the Colony of New Brunswick


Lazarevskoye (;  ) is a microdistrict of Lazarevsky City District of the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia].  It was a resort settlement before 1961, when it was merged into Sochi.

Geography
The microdistrict is located on the shore of the Black Sea at the mouth of the Psezuapse River.

History
It was founded in 1869 as the village of Lazarevka in place of the former Lazarevskoye Fortress, which existed in 1839–1854.  The fortress was named after Admiral Mikhail Lazarev.  Later the name of the village was changed to Lazarevskoye. On July 12, 1949, it was granted resort settlement status.  On February 11, 1961, it was merged into the city of Sochi and ceased to exist as an independent entity.

Other
Lazarevskaya railway station on the Tuapse-Adler line is located on the territory of the microdistrict. There are two waterparks and a dolphinarium.

References

Notes

Sources

Lazarevsky City District
Seaside resorts in Russia
Populated places established in 1869
1961 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
1869 establishments in the Russian Empire