The North West Highlands Geopark is a geopark in the Scottish Highlands. Awarded UNESCO geopark status in 2004, it was Scotland's first geopark, featuring some of the oldest rocks in Europe, around 3,000 million years old. The park contains many notable geological features, such as the Moine Thrust Belt and Smoo Cave and covers an area of around .

Geography
The park is located in the extreme north-west of Scotland and includes parts of Sutherland and Wester Ross, including Cape Wrath. The area is one of the most sparsely inhabited in Europe, and is largely treeless. The park's eastern boundary generally follows the Moine Thrust Belt, otherwise the park is generally bounded by the north and west coasts of Scotland, with a few islands included in the park, such as the Summer Isles.

Notable features

The Moine Thrust Belt was formed between 430 and 500 million years ago. The belt includes Precambrian Moine rocks which have been pushed on top of younger Cambrian and Ordovician rocks, much to the surprise of Victorian geologists. A debate ensued between prominent geologists of the time. Roderick Murchison and Archibald Geikie argued that the Moine rocks must in fact be younger than the rocks beneath them, a point of view opposed by James Nicol and Charles Lapworth. The controversy, the so-called "Highlands Controversy", was resolved by Ben Peach and John Horne who found that the Moine rocks had been pushed some 70 kilometres east over the top of the younger rocks by tectonic action. This was the first thrust fault to be discovered. A monument to the pair is located within the park. Its inscription reads: To Ben N Peach and John Horne who played the foremost part in unravelling the geological structure of the North West Highlands 1883–1897. An international tribute. Erected 1930. The fault can be seen most easily at a line of cliffs named Knockan Crag. This crag is where the Moine is where the apparent anomaly in the ages of the rocks was first seen, and is where the thrust belt was first identified. A visitor's centre is located here, as well as several pieces of sculpture created by modern artists.

The area contains a number of limestone caves. The most well known of these is Smoo Cave, a large sea cave near Durness. This cave is unique within the UK in that its outer chamber was formed by the action of seawater, while the inner chambers were formed by fresh water. Its entrance 15 metres high, is the largest entrance of any sea cave in the British Isles. Archaeological excavations have found evidence of human habitation dating back to the Mesolithic period. The cave became well known after Sir Walter Scott visited it in 1814. Another notable cave site is the Inchnadamph Bone Caves. At these caves, remains of Eurasian lynx, brown bear, Arctic fox, reindeer and polar bears have been found; as well as human remains dated between 4,515 and 4,720 years old. Uamh an Claonaite, Scotland's longest cave is partly located below these Bone Caves.

Also located in the park is Cape Wrath, the northwesternmost point on the Scottish mainland, which features the highest vertical cliffs in mainland Britain. Another feature is the Old Man of Stoer, a sandstone sea stack located off the Point of Stoer in Assynt.

Mountains
The Moine Thrust Belt is regarded as the northwest boundary of the Caledonian mountain belt. However, a few mountains exist within the park, some of which are well known. The highly distinctive Suilven is perhaps the most notable mountain within the park, and its image is used in promotional material. Other mountains to be found here include Stac Pollaidh, Canisp, Quinag, Foinaven and Arkle.

Geology

The park contains a wide variety of different types of rock:

 Lewisian Gneiss – Metamorphic rocks, ranging from pink to grey-green in colour, depending on the rock they were originally formed from. Around 3,000 million years old, making them the oldest rocks in Britain, and, along with similar rocks in Bulgaria, Finland, the Lofoten Islands of Norway, and Russia, among the oldest in Europe.
 Torridonian Sandstone – red-brown, coarse. Around 1,000 million years old. Many of the area's mountains are composed of this rock.
 Basal Quartzite – White to pink quartzite. Some of this contains fossilized worm burrows and is known as pipe rock. c. 500 million years old. Largely located within and around the park's thrust faults.
 Durness Limestone – Pale to dark grey in colour. Around 480 million years old. Also located within and around thrust faults. Often contains caves, such as Smoo Cave and the Inchnadamph Bone Caves.
 Moine Rocks – Metamorphosed sandstone and mudstone. Around 980 million years old. Concentrated at the eastern edge of the park, as these rocks tend to be found to the east of the Moine Thrust Belt.
 Igneous rocks – Granite, syenite, porphyry; containing feldspar and quartz. Various ages. A comparatively rare type of rock in the park, which largely contains metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

See also
 International Network of Geoparks
 List of Geoparks
 Sustainable tourism

Footnotes

External links

Parks in Highland (council area)
2004 establishments in Scotland
Geology of Scotland
Geoparks in Scotland
Global Geoparks Network members


La Chapelle-sur-Chézy (, literally La Chapelle on Chézy) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Charmel () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Heimari Dalur is a valley in the Faroe Islands, which lies between the town of Fuglafjørður and the village of Kambsdalur. It is surrounded by the firth in the east, Mount Kambur in the south, Breiðáskarð in the west and Gjógvaráfjall in the north.

Faroe Island valleys
The valleys of Fuglafjørður can be divided into three categories:

The eastern valleys:
 Ytri Dalur (also called Kambsdalur)
 Heimari Dalur (sometimes called Breiðádalur)
 Innari Dalur (sometimes calles Jøkladalur)

The western valleys:
 Halgadalur
 Góðidalur

The northern valleys:
 Flatirnar
 Hjarðardalur

Eysturoy
Valleys of the Faroe Islands


Chartèves () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

Culture

Personalities
  (1872-1952) resided her
 Marie Drouet (1885-1963) was born in
 Léon Augustin Lhermitte (1844-1925) painted the landscapes of the village

.

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The 1965 San Diego Chargers season was their sixth as a professional AFL franchise; the team improved on their 8–5–1 record in 1964.  Head Coach Sid Gillman led the Chargers to their fifth AFL West title with a 9–2–3 record, before losing the AFL Championship Game to the Buffalo Bills for the second consecutive season. It would prove to be the Chargers' last post-season appearance until 1979.

San Diego took the lead in the AFL Western division early in the season, as they won five of their first seven games and tied the other two. They maintained first place despite two midseason defeats and finished with three wins in a row, clinching their division with a game to spare. During the regular season, they led the league in several key statistical categories, ranking first for rushing and passing yardage on both offense and defense. They entered the AFL Championship game as  point favorites on their own home field, but were shut out by the Bills 23–0.

Several individual Chargers had strong seasons, with the offense featuring the top passer, runner and receiver, ranked by yardage. Quarterback John Hadl, in his first season as the full time starter, threw for 2,798 yards, running back Paul Lowe set both team and league records with 1,121 yards while leading the league with 5 yards per carry, and flanker Lance Alworth's 1,602 receiving yards and 14 touchdowns are yet to be surpassed as Charger records. The defense featured strong performances by safety Bud Whitehead, cornerback Speedy Duncan (also the AFL's leading punt returner), and defensive linemen Earl Faison and Ernie Ladd. The latter two players fell out with Gillman, and declared their intention to leave at the end of the season.

Offseason

AFL draft

Regular draft
The 1965 AFL draft took place on November 28, 1964, late in the previous season. The rival National Football League (NFL) conducted its draft on the same day. Where the same player was drafted by both AFL and NFL franchises, the two would compete to sign him. The Chargers were able to sign their 1st-round pick, defensive lineman Steve DeLong, who had also been drafted by the Chicago Bears. DeLong stated that he preferred the city of San Diego, and that the Chargers had made him a better offer. While DeLong was used as a backup during his rookie season, he went on to start in 75 games during seven seasons in San Diego, making one AFL All-Star game. Other successful signings included linebacker Rick Redman, who started 81 games over nine years in San Diego and made one All-Star game, and running back Gene Foster, who scored twice in 1965 and gained over 2,500 yards during a six-year career with the Chargers.

Other Charger draftees opted to sign with NFL clubs, including 2nd-round pick Roy Jefferson, who joined the Pittsburgh Steelers. In total, five of the Chargers' selections chose the NFL, including four of their top eight picks, while five signed with San Diego.

Redshirt draft
As well as their regular collegiate draft, the AFL also held a separate redshirt draft. This covered players whose graduation had been delayed by taking a redshirt year, meaning that they still had a further year of college football eligibility. With their first pick in this draft, the Chargers chose San Diego State Aztecs wide receiver Gary Garrison. They eventually signed him on December 5, 1965, after outbidding the NFL's San Francisco 49ers. Garrison went on to spend eleven seasons with the Chargers, accumulating over 7,500 receiving yards while being nominated to one AFL All-Star game and three Pro Bowls. He was also inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame in 1985.

Unless noted otherwise, these players began their professional careers in 1966.

Departures and arrivals
Quarterback Tobin Rote, who had started for the Chargers in the past two AFL championship games, retired after the 1964 season. John Hadl took over as the starter, having split time with Rote the previous year. There was also a change on the offensive line. Don Rogers had started every game at center over the past two seasons, and featured in all but two Charger games over the first five years of the franchise. He lost his starting job to Sam Gruneisen during the offseason, and did not play professionally again. Defensive lineman Hank Schmidt, who had featured in every game for San Diego over the previous four seasons, switched to the Buffalo Bills midseason and beat the Chargers with his new team in the AFL title game at season's end. New players included Dick Degen, an undrafted rookie who missed time through injury but still started seven games, specialist kicker Herb Travenio, who had briefly featured for the Chargers in 1964 before being dropped and working for the postal service, and safety Bob Zeman, back for a second stint with the team after starting 23 games from 1960-1961; he would start 7 more from 1965-1966.

San Diego stadium vote
The future of the Chargers franchise was uncertain entering the 1965 season, with owner Barron Hilton indicating that he would choose to move his team to another venue unless the city of San Diego approved a new stadium. Press speculation named Anaheim as a possible alternative for the team, as well as Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles. On November 2, over 130,000 citizens of San Diego voted by a majority of roughly 72% to 28% to allocated $27 million for the construction of a 50,000-seat stadium in Mission Valley. Hilton signed a 10-year lease, beginning in 1967. Jack Murphy, sports editor of the San Diego Union, was credited with getting the stadium project approved.

Initially known as San Diego Stadium, this would be the Chargers' home until their return to Los Angeles in 2017.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Preseason
San Diego lost their exhibition opener despite outgaining the Raiders by 293 yards to 116. An interception thrown by Hadl was run back 42 yards for a touchdown, and rookie kicker Les Murdock made only one of three field goal attempts. Hadl improved in the second game, running for one touchdown against the Chiefs and throwing another to Jacque MacKinnon. Rookies Foster (with a run) and DeLong (on a fumble return) also scored. Three 3rd-quarter touchdowns were enough to beat Denver in the next game: running back Keith Lincoln threw a 62-yard touchdown pass to Lance Alworth on a trick play, and Hadl and Dave Kocourek combined for two more.

The last two Chargers exhibition games were played in neutral venues. They faced the Raiders again in Portland, Oregon, scoring 37 unanswered points after facing a 10–3 deficit in the first half. MacKinnon, Hadl and Alworth all scored again, and the defense contributed with a safety from Earl Faison and a fumble return touchdown for Jimmy Warren. Finally, they lost in Little Rock, Arkansas to a George Blanda field goal with 8 seconds to play. Rookie Jim Allison scored the lone San Diego touchdown on a 12-yard reception from Hadl.

Regular season

Summary

San Diego were unbeaten over the first half of the season, with five wins and two ties. This included an easy victory at Buffalo, who had beaten them in the previous season's AFL Championship Game. They lost two of their next three games, but maintained first place in the AFL West. After tying the return match with Buffalo, they won their final three games, clinching their division with a game to spare and setting up a rematch with the Bills.

The Chargers' offense led the league in points scored, total yards gained, passing yards, rushing yards and first downs gained. Hadl started every game, completing exactly half of his passes while accumulating 2,798 yards, with 20 touchdowns and 21 interceptions. His passer rating of 71.3 was down on the previous season, but still the second best in the AFL, behind only Len Dawson of the Kansas City Chiefs. He led the league in passing yardage, yards per attempt (8.0) and yards per completion (16.1); the latter two statistics would stand as career highs. His most prolific receiver was Alworth, who accounted for nearly half the team's receiving yards and over half the receiving touchdowns. He ranked second in the league with 69 receptions, joint first with 14 touchdown catches, and top with 1,602 receiving yards, 384 clear of any other player. , Alworth still holds the franchise record for receiving yards in a season, despite playing in only a 14-game season; his touchdown tally was tied by Tony Martin in 1995, but has yet to be surpassed by any Charger. San Diego's second-ranked receiver Don Norton added 485 yards. With his fellow running back Lincoln struggling with injuries throughout the season, Paul Lowe had a career-high 222 carries. He gained a new AFL record 1,121 yards at 5.0 yards per carry, a league-high average; six of his eight touchdowns were runs, tied for most in the AFL. Like Alworth, Lowe set a franchise single-season yardage record, surpassing his own tally from 1963; this record was broken by Don Woods in 1974. He was supported by the rookie Foster, with 469 yards. Lincoln only played in ten games, but added 302 yards and 3 touchdowns rushing, plus 376 yards and 4 touchdowns receiving.

San Diego were also statistically dominant on defense, topping the league with the fewest total yards, passing yards, rushing yards and first downs conceded. They were also second in points against, a single points behind the Bills. Defensive end Bob Petrich unofficially led the team with  sacks, third most in the AFL. Faison and Ernie Ladd added  and 6 respectively, despite both men expressing dissatisfaction with head coach/general manager Sid Gillman's contract negotiations in August, and stating their intentions to leave at the end of the season. Safety Bud Whitehead led the team in interceptions with 7, tied for second most in the league.

Cornerback Speedy Duncan had 4 interceptions, and also served as the team's kickoff and punt returner. His average of 15.5 yards per punt return led the AFL, and included a league-high two touchdowns. Travenio converted 18 of his 30 field goal attempts, his 60% success rate ranking joint-third in the league. He also converted every one of his 40 extra point attempts, but missed every field goal try of over 40 yards. Four players attempted at least one punt during the season; Hadl and Redman split the bulk of the duties between them, but both posted a worse average than any of the seven regular punters in the league.

Schedule

Game summaries

Week 1: vs. Denver Broncos

San Diego overcame an early 11-point deficit to win their opener. Hadl's second pass of the game was intercepted and run back to the Chargers 4-yard line, setting up a Denver touchdown. Alworth's 48-yard catch on 3rd and 25 led to a Travenio field goal on the next drive, before the Broncos drove for a second touchdown and a 14–3 lead. San Diego responded with a run of 24 unanswered points, beginning with an 8-play, 78-yard touchdown drive – Foster converted a 3rd and 7 with a 23-yard catch, and eventually scored on a 2-yard run. Ladd recovered a Cookie Gilchrist fumble three plays later, setting up another Travenio field goal. The Broncos went three-and-out on their next possession, and a 22-yard punt started the Chargers at the Denver 41-yard line. Lowe followed a Walt Sweeney block to the right on the next play and broke clear for the go-ahead touchdown. Following a Trevenio miss and a Denver punt, Lowe took a pitch to the right before throwing downfield for Alworth, who was double covered but nonetheless made the catch for a 42-yard gain; Foster scored with a 17-yard run two plays later. Denver managed a field goal with a second to play in the half, but still trailed 27–17 at the break.

Denver missed two field goals in the 3rd quarter, but Lowe fumbled near midfield to set up a Gilchrist touchdown early in the final period. The Chargers responded quickly, with Foster's 36-yard kickoff return soon followed by Alworth's first scoring catch of the season; Hadl found him in stride in the end zone for a 38-yard touchdown. The Broncos needed only five plays to score again, pulling within 34–31 with ten minutes to play. After forcing a three-and-out, Denver reached a 2nd and 10 at the Charger 40, but Ladd forced another Gilchrist fumble, with Faison recovering. San Diego were soon faced with a 3rd and 19, which Hadl converted with a 45-yard pass to Alworth. Lowe converted another 3rd down, and the Chargers ran the clock out.

Alworth and Lowe accounted for 347 of the Chargers' 459 total yards between them.

Week 2: at Oakland Raiders

A strong defensive performance propelled San Diego to their second win. The Chargers took the opening kickoff and drove 72 yards in 10 plays without facing a 3rd down, going ahead to stay on Lowe's 4-yard run. Oakland missed a field goal on their next drive, but were soon given another scoring chance after Hadl's 25-yard punt, this time converting a field goal. The Raiders fumbled a punt return soon afterwards, setting up a 29-yard field goal by Travenio. Further field goal attempts followed, with a success for Oakland and a 22-yard try by Travenio blocked. Degen stopped a Raiders drive with an interception shortly before halftime, leaving San Diego 10–6 up.

There were few scoring threats for either team in the second half, with Oakland failing to cross midfield in six possessions, and San Diego punting on six out of seven possessions. Former Charger Dick Wood replaced Tom Flores as the Raiders' quarterback, but was intercepted by Duncan and Kenny Graham, with the latter running the ball back 29 yards to the Oakland 18-yard line. The offense moved back to a 3rd and 16 from the 24, from where Hadl found Alworth over the middle for a decisive touchdown with five minutes to play.

Wood completed 4 of 14 passes for 31 yards, with 2 interceptions. This gave him a passer rating of 0.0, the first such rating posted against the Chargers.

Week 3: vs. Kansas City Chiefs

Two punt returns were key in a defensive tie. A missed 41-yard field goal attempt by Travenio was the closest either side came to scoring in the opening period. Hadl was intercepted on the first play of the 2nd quarter, but Whitehead intercepted Len Dawson on the ensuing drive. A 22-yard pass from Lowe to Foster then helped the Chargers move into field goal range, and Travenio opened the scoring from 19 yards out. The score remained 3–0 at halftime.

Hadl's first two passes of the second half were both intercepted, though neither turnover led to any points. Later in the quarter, though, a Hadl punt was run back 28 yards to the Chargers 25-yard line, and a penalty moved the ball to the 12-yard line. Dawson immediately threw a go-ahead touchdown pass. The next six drives ended in punts – Duncan fielded the last of these at his own 34 and angled diagonally left through blockers before breaking free for a 66-yard touchdown return. Duncan added an interception two plays later, but the Chargers were forced to punt. The Chiefs then faced a 4th and 7 from the San Diego 48-yard line, which they converted when Dawson scrambled for 40 yards. A penalty pushed Kansas City backwards, and they settled for a game-tying field goal with 49 seconds to play. San Diego reached the Chiefs 38 as time expired.

The Chargers' offense produced a season-low 186 yards. Hadl completed 11 of 27 pass attempts, for 82 yards and 3 interceptions.

Week 4: vs. Houston Oilers

San Diego dominated the bulk of the game, then held off a late Houston rally to win. The Chargers drove 79 yards in 13 plays to take the lead early in the 2nd quarter – Foster carried 6 times for 38 yards, Lowe carried 4 times for 32 yards, and Travenio kicked a 14-yard field goal. On their next possession, Hadl found Alworth in stride for a 69-yard touchdown pass, and San Diego led 10–0 at halftime.

On the first possession of the second half, Lowe carried 3 times for 10 yards, and Hadl threw a 15-yard touchdown to Kocourek on 3rd and 11. Late in the 3rd quarter backup quarterback Don Trull entered the game for Blanda. His first attempt was a swing pass intercepted by Faison and returned 24 yards for a touchdown. At this point Houston had failed to cross midfield in any of their nine possessions. They improved on their next two possessions with a pair of 5-play touchdown drives, Trull passing for one score and running for the other. With their lead cut to 24–14 midway through the final quarter, San Diego soon reached a 3rd and 11 at their own 43-yard line, whereupon Hadl and Alworth combined again, this time for a decisive 57-yard touchdown.

Hadl completed 14 of 26 passes for 242 yards, 3 touchdowns and no interceptions. Alworth caught 4 passes for 145 yards and 2 touchdowns. San Diego outrushed Houston by 271 yards to 47, with Lowe carrying 20 times for 157 yards and Foster carrying 10 times for 73 yards.

Week 5: at Buffalo Bills

San Diego dealt the defending AFL champions their first defeat of the season with a one-sided win in Buffalo. The Bills scored their only points of the day with a field goal from the game's first drive. Travenio had a 22-yard field goal attempt blocked soon afterwards, but San Diego took the lead early in the 2nd quarter after a 5-play, 67-yard drive, with Lincoln's 31-yard pass to Norton the longest play. They finished the drive with Lowe improvising a lateral to Hadl on a planned running play, allowing the quarterback to find Alworth for a 14-yard touchdown. The Bills went three-and-out, and Duncan's 26-yard punt return started his offense off at the Buffalo 44-yard line. They needed only four plays to score from there, with Hadl completing a 35-yard pass to Alworth and an 8-yard touchdown to Lincoln. Buffalo later reached a 2nd and 10 at the Charger 15-yard line, but Duncan intercepted Jack Kemp in the end zone, leaving the score at 14–3 going into the interval.

The Chargers quickly pulled away in the second half, scoring a field goal on their first drive and a touchdown on their second (a 52-yard pass from Hadl to Alworth). On the next play from scrimmage, Whitehead intercepted Kemp and returned the ball 35 yards for a touchdown. Later, George Gross recovered a fumble and Travenio added another field goal to complete the scoring. Whitehead also intercepted a pair of passes by Buffalo backup Daryle Lamonica as the game wore on.

San Diego had two 100-yard receivers, as Alworth caught 8 passes for 168 yards and 2 touchdowns and Norton caught 6 for 107 yards. San Diego outgained Buffalo by over 300 yards (458–150).

Week 6: at Boston Patriots

San Diego were unable to score in the second half as they tied the winless Patriots. In the 1st quarter, Warren stopped a Boston drive with an interception. Later, Lowe's 23-yard run set up a Travenio field goal. Babe Parilli responded with a 73-yard touchdown pass early in the 2nd quarter. The Patriots threatened to go further in front on their next drive, but Warren intercepted Parilli in the end zone. Later in the quarter, San Diego faced a 2nd and 15 from their own 15-yard line after Hadl was sacked. Hadl found Alworth in stride at the Boston 40 en route to an 85-yard touchdown. Travenio was short on a field goal attempt late in the half, but the Patriots went three-and-out, Whitehead blocked a punt and DeLong recovered at the Boston 2-yard line. Travenio came straight back in to convert a 10-yard kick with 5 seconds left in the half.

Trailing 13–7 entering the second half, Boston soon halved the deficit with a Gino Cappelletti field goal after Duncan fumbled on a punt return. The Patriots had a chance to score again later in the quarter after another special teams error, the long snap on a punt going over Redman's head and setting Boston up at the 6-yard line. A Patriots touchdown was negated by a penalty, and Duncan blocked another Cappelletti field goal attempt. Hadl was intercepted on the next play, but Boston again came away with no points after the Charger defense stuffed a run for no gain on 4th and goal from the 1. San Diego went three-and-out, Boston drove from the Charger 42-yard line to the 15 and Cappelletti tied the score with a 22-yard kick midway through the final quarter. San Diego then reached a 4th and 4 at the Boston 34-yard line, but another bad snap prevented Travenio from attempting a go-ahead field goal. From there, both sides punted once, and the game ended with the Patriots at their own 39.

Lowe rushed 21 times for 91 yards, and added 4 catches for 31 yards. San Diego outgained Boston by 284 yards to 178, with over a third of the game's total offensive yards coming on the two long touchdown passes.

Week 7: at New York Jets

San Diego pulled away in the second half to reach the midway point of the season unbeaten. In the opening quarter, New York made one field goal and had another scoring chance after Duncan fumbled the ensuing kickoff. However, Ladd blocked a second field goal attempt, and the Chargers drove 64 yards in 8 plays to take the lead on Lowe's 8-yard run around right end. A threatening Jets drive was halted when Zeman forced a fumble that Buncom recovered at his own 31-yard line, but Redman shanked a punt for only 11 yards soon afterwards, setting up another New York field goal. Alworth's 39-yard catch helped set up a 20-yard Travenio field goal, and the Chargers led 10–6 at halftime.

Gross recovered a fumble at the New York 11-yard line three plays into the second half, setting up a Hadl-to-Kocourek touchdown on 3rd and goal from the 2. Duncan's 51-yard punt return gave them another scoring chance soon afterwards, but Travenio missed a 41-yard kick. On the following Chargers drive, they moved from their own 19-yard line to their own 41-yard line, from where Lowe again went around right end, following blocks from Sweeney and Ron Mix en route to a 59-yard touchdown. The teams exchanged field goals in the final quarter, and Chargers backup quarterback Don Breaux completed the scoring with a 57-yard touchdown to Alworth.

Lowe and Alworth again accounted for the majority of San Diego's yards, with a combined 252 of 342. New York fumbled six times, with the Chargers recovering four of them.

Week 8: vs. Boston Patriots

San Diego again struggled with the Patriots, sustaining their first defeat of the season while Boston got their first win. Gross (with a fumble recovery) and Whitehead (with an interception) both stopped drives in Chargers territory, but Hadl was intercepted on the ensuing possession both times. Boston took the lead when Duncan fielded a punt at his own 2-yard line and circling back into the end zone, where he was tackled for a safety. After a Chargers free kick, the Patriots drove 49 yards for a touchdown pass from Parilli to Cappelletti. Boston had further scoring chances in the first half, but Dick Harris intercepted a Parilli pass, and Cappelletti missed a field goal, leaving the score at 9–0.

The Chargers got into field goal range on their first drive of the 3rd quarter, but Travenio was short from 49 yards out. Three further errors (a Hadl interception, a blocked Travenio field goal and a Breaux interception) set up a further 13 points for Boston. Finally, Norton's 61-yard catch and run set up Lincoln's 1-yard touchdown run, preventing a shutout with seven minutes to play, but San Diego failed to cross midfield on their lone possession after that.

Hadl and Breaux threw no touchdowns and four interceptions between them. Norton caught 5 passes for 106 yards.

Week 9: at Denver Broncos

Lincoln scored three touchdowns and passed for another, and San Diego pulled away from a tied game in the final quarter. Graham intercepted a pass late in a scoreless 1st quarter, and the Chargers reached a 3rd and 3 at the Denver 39-yard line. Then, on the first play of the 2nd quarter, Alworth bobbled a Hadl pass, which was intercepted and returned 65 yards for a touchdown. San Diego came back with an 8-play, 74-yard drive; Lowe broke off a 33-yard run and Hadl combined with Lincoln for a game-tying 7-yard touchdown. After three punts, the Chargers took over on their own 34 and scored on the next play, Hadl finding Lincoln wide open over the middle for a 66-yard score. Denver came back with a touchdown 22 seconds before halftime, tying the score at 14–14.

San Diego restored their lead early in the second half with a trick play, Lincoln passing to Alworth for a 34-yard touchdown, but Gilchrist tied the game later in the quarter. Early in the final period, Travenio had a 38-yard field goal blocked, and Denver missed one from 10 yards out. San Diego then moved from their own 20-yard line to the Denver 45, from where Lowe took a screen pass in for a touchdown. Redman intercepted a pass on the next play from scrimmage and returned the ball 11 yards to the Denver 15-yard line; four plays later, Lincoln ran it in from the 1. A late Graham interception clinched the win.

Lowe rushed 17 times for 112 yards and caught 4 passes for 57 yards and a touchdown. As well as his 34-yard touchdown pass, Lincoln rushed 8 times for 24 yards and a touchdown, and caught 2 passes for 73 yards and 2 touchdowns. He was the first Charger to score three touchdowns in a game. He also became the fifth player and first Charger to have at least one touchdown passing, running and receiving in the same game (LaDainian Tomlinson repeated the feat in 2005).

Week 10: at Kansas City Chiefs

San Diego turned the ball over seven times in their second defeat of the season. The Chiefs led through an early field goal before they recovered a Hadl fumble at the Charger 7-yard line, setting up a quick touchdown. The Chargers had to start their following drive at their own 1 after Foster had trouble fielding the kickoff. A 52-yard catch by Alworth moved the ball away from their own goal line, and they reached the Kansas City 4-yard line before Hadl was intercepted, ending a 95-yard drive with no points. Another Hadl interception set the Chiefs up in San Diego territory; they reached a 1st and 10 at the 14-yard line before being driven back by penalties and negative plays, eventually punting on 4th and 60. The Chargers then drove from their own 20 to a 4th and 1 from their own 49-yard line. They went for the first down, and Alworth took a pass in the flat before outrunning the defense up the right sideline for a touchdown. Graham intercepted Dawson two plays later, but Hadl was intercepted again on the next play, setting up a Dawson touchdown pass and a 17–7 Kansas City halftime lead.

Breaux came in at quarterback for the second half, but was intercepted on his first drive. Lowe's 33-yard run on the next Charger drive moved them into Kansas City territory, and they reached a 1st and 10 at the 15-yard line. Like the Chiefs in the first half, they were then knocked back out of scoring range by penalties and negative plays, and punted on 4th and 52. Dawson then had touchdown passes on consecutive possessions to put the game away.

Hadl completed 7 of 18 passes for 152 yards, with a touchdown and 4 interceptions; Breaux was intercepted twice. San Diego outgained the Chiefs 330–280, with Alworth's 181 yards accounting for more than half his team's total.

Week 12: vs. Buffalo Bills

San Diego and Buffalo traded leads as a battle of division leaders ended in a tie. Foster lost a fumble on the fourth play of the game, and Kemp threw a touchdown five plays later. The next three Chargers drives ended with a missed 37-yard field goal attempt by Travenio and two Hadl interceptions, while Buffalo punted three times. San Diego then drove 80 yards in 10 plays without facing a 3rd down, tying the score on a 6-yard run by Lowe. On their next possession, they drove 79 yards to the Buffalo 1-yard line before Foster dropped a pass in the end zone; they settled for a 9-yard Travenio field goal, and a 10–7 half time lead.

Buffalo took the second half kickoff and drove 79 yards in 9 plays to take the lead; Lamonica scored from a yard out while Kemp was temporarily out injured. Three plays later, Alworth broke away for a 65-yard reception, but fumbled while being tackled at the 3-yard line, and Buffalo recovered. On their next possession, San Diego were set to punt from their own 48-yard line, but a wild snap sailed over Hadl's head, setting the Bills up at the San Diego 6-yard line. The Charger defense kept Buffalo out of the end zone, and Pete Gogolak kicked a field goal for a seven-point lead. Gogolak missed a further field goal in the final quarter, and Lincoln took a swing pass 66 yards to the Bills 10-yard line, setting up a successful Travenio kick. Three plays later, Westmoreland intercepted Kemp at the Buffalo 43-yard line and returned the ball 28 yards. On 3rd and 6, Hadl ran the ball as far as the 2 before fumbling into the end zone. This time Lowe recovered the loose ball for a 20–17 lead. The next two Bills drives ended with a fumble and a punt, but they had one more chance, starting at their own 25-yard line. Kemp had completions of 35 and 16 yards, as well as a 9-yard run that positioned Gogolak for a game-tying 22-yard field goal with 6 seconds to play.

The teams combined to fumble eight times, with five of those recovered by the opposition. San Diego committed five of the game's eight total turnovers.

Week 13: vs. New York Jets

San Diego forced four turnovers by Jets quarterback Joe Namath in an easy victory. The Chargers' first two drives ended with interceptions thrown by Hadl and Lincoln, but the Jets could only answer with two field goal tries, one missed and one blocked. After the latter of these, San Diego drove 61 yards in 10 plays to take the lead on Lincoln's 1-yard run. Graham intercepted Namath on the Chargers 42-yard line on the following possession, and San Diego drove to another Lincoln touchdown, this time a tackle-breaking 25-yard catch and run on 3rd and 7. Petrich and Gross sacked Namath on the next play from scrimmage, forcing a sack that Faison recovered at the New York 15-yard line. That led to a Travenio field goal and, after a Degen interception, a 17–0 halftime lead.

On the first play of the second half, Graham intercepted a Namath pass near the right sideline, and returned it 51 yards for a touchdown. Namath was able to get the Jets on the scoreboard with a touchdown pass on their next drive, but San Diego restored their 24-point advantage only four plays later, with Hadl finding Alworth open at the 5 for a 46-yard touchdown. After stopping the Jets on downs, the Chargers ended the scoring early in the final quarter with another long Hadl-to-Alworth connection, this time of 36 yards.

Lincoln rushed 13 times for 57 yards and a touchdown, while catching 2 passes for 46 yards and another touchdown. Alworth caught 7 passes for 147 yards and two touchdowns. The result left San Diego at 7–2–3, leading the Raiders (7–4–1) and Chiefs (6–4–2), and able to clinch the AFL West title with a win the following week.

Week 14: at Houston Oilers

The Chargers clinched their division after scoring the game's final 17 points. Duncan opened the scoring in the 1st quarter, taking a punt and eluding several tacklers on a 63-yard touchdown return. On their next possession, the Chargers faced a 3rd and 22 from their own 8-yard line, and Hadl was brought down by three Oilers in the end zone for a safety. After forcing a punt, San Diego extended their lead with an 11-play, 85-yard drive: Lowe had a 23-yard run, Norton converted a 3rd and 10 with a 27-yard catch, and Alworth scored on a 5-yard touchdown reception. The Chargers soon had another scoring chance, but Hadl was intercepted in Houston territory, and the Oilers fought back with a field goal and a Blanda touchdown pass, trainling only 14–12 at halftime.

Houston's momentum continued into the second half as they recovered a Norton fumble and drove to another Blanda touchdown pass. The Chargers responded with field goals on consecutive drives, the first set up by a 41-yard Lincoln catch and the second by three consecutive runs that covered 16, 14 and 17 yards (the first by Lincoln, the next two by Lowe). Blanda threw his third touchdown only three plays later, putting Houston up 26–20 with 11 minutes to play. Hadl made several key plays on an answering touchdown drive, converting a 3rd and 10 with a 22-yard pass to Lincoln and having runs of 9, 23 and 14 yards. Finally, he scored on 4th and goal with a 1-yard quarterback sneak. Warren intercepted Blanda three plays later, leading to a third Travenio field goal. The Oilers then turned the ball over on downs at their own 15-yard line, and Lowe went around right end for a touchdown on the next play. Duncan added a late interception near his own goal line.

Both Charger running backs gained over 100 yards of offense. Lowe rushed 19 times for 99 yards and a touchdown, while adding a single catch for 6 yards; Lincoln rushed 11 times for 62 yards and caught 5 passes for 87 yards.

Week 15: vs. Oakland Raiders

San Diego recovered from a 14–0 deficit to close out their regular season with a win. The Chargers had an early scoring chance, but Hadl was intercepted in the end zone. Oakland then drove 65 yards in 11 plays for a touchdown, maintaining possession with a fake field goal. San Diego were soon threatening to score again, reaching a 4th and goal from the 1-yard line, but MacKinnon came down with Hadl's pass narrowly out of bounds; the Raiders then drove 80 yards in 11 plays to double their lead. Hadl responded with a 37-yard completion to Allison, soon followed by a 22-yard touchdown to Norton, pulling the score back to 14–7 at halftime.

Travenio was short on a 50-yard kick in the 3rd quarter, before Petrich blocked a Raiders field goal try. The Chargers then tied the game with a 5-play, 71-yard drive; Alworth had a 44-yard reception and Norton caught a 10-yard touchdown pass despite being in tight coverage. Breaux came in to replace Hadl and soon lost a fumble, but Allen intercepted Flores two plays later. San Diego then reached a 3rd and 15 at their own 34-yard line, from where Breaux found Alworth on a slant route at the Oakland 45-yard line, and he outran the Raider defense for the go-ahead touchdown. Whitehead intercepted Flores twice in the final ten minutes; Hadl was himself intercepted at the goal line after the first of these, but the second led to a Travenio field goal with a minute to play.

As well as Hadl, Lowe also left the game early – he carried 3 times for 32 yards, enough to break the AFL's single-season rushing yardage record.

Standings

Playoffs

Game summary

AFL championship game: vs. Buffalo Bills

San Diego faced the Eastern division champion Bills (10–3–1) in a rematch of the previous AFL championship game. Having achieved a win and tie against Buffalo during the regular season, having Alworth fit for the game (he had been injured the previous year), and having dominated the league in several major statistical categories, the Chargers were expected to improve on their 20–7 defeat in 1964. Oddsmakers had them as -point favorites before the game.

In the event, Buffalo won the 1965 game more easily, though San Diego had early chances to take the lead. Warren intercepted Kemp at the Chargers 33-yard line early in the game, and Alworth's 20-yard catch moved the ball across midfield, but San Diego were forced to punt. After a Bills punt pinned the Chargers at their own 9-yard line, Lowe went around right end for 47 yards on the next play, but they were pushed back when Hadl was sacked and had to punt again. After another Bills punt, Norton's 35-yard catch helped the Chargers drive from their own 11-yard line to the Buffalo 28 early in the 2nd quarter, but Travenio's 35-yard field goal attempt was short after being partially blocked. The Bills scored two touchdowns in quick succession later in the quarter, via a Kemp touchdown pass and a 74-yard punt return from Butch Byrd. Hadl was intercepted on the next play, but Duncan partially blocked a Gogolak field goal attempt. The Chargers then drove from their own 20-yard line to the Buffalo 24, with Hadl completing a 22-yard pass to Alworth and scrambling for 13 yards on consecutive plays. It was their best field position of the entire game, but led to no points as Travenio missed a 31-yard kick, leaving the halftime score at 14–0.

San Diego went three-and-out on the first possession of the second half, and Buffalo soon added a Gogolak field goal. Duncan returned the ensuing kickoff 49 yards, and the Chargers reached a 4th and 1 at the Buffalo 29-yard line. Hadl was then stopped for a loss of 5 yards. Further Gogolak field goals were set up by a Hadl interception and another failed 4th down conversion attempt.

Hadl completed 11 of 23 passes for 140 yards, while throwing 2 interceptions and being sacked 3 times for losses of 30 yards. Lowe carried 12 times for 57 yards, although 47 of those came on a single carry. Buffalo narrowly outgained the Chargers (260 yards to 223), but had a larger advantage in first downs (23 to 12).

Awards
Twelve Chargers were in the squad who faced the Bills in the AFL All-Star game, including five who were named to the Associated Press All-AFL 1st team; there were also six Chargers in the 2nd team. In addition, Alworth received eight votes as the AP AFL player of the year, while Lowe received four; for the equivalent UPI award, they received four votes each. Gillman received two votes for coach of the year from both AP and UPI.

Notes

References

San Diego Chargers
San Diego Chargers seasons
San Diego Chargers


The 1979 Australian Grand Prix was an open-wheel racing car race held at Wanneroo Raceway north of Perth in Western Australia on 11 March 1979.

The race, which was the first round of the 1979 Australian Drivers' Championship, was open to racing cars complying with Australian Formula 1 (incorporating Formula 5000 and Formula Pacific). It was recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the 44th Australian Grand Prix and was the only Australian Grand Prix to be held at Wanneroo Raceway.

Classification
Results as follows:

Qualifying

Race

Notes
 Pole position: Alfredo Costanzo - 52.11
 Fastest lap: John Wright / John Walker - 54.92, 158.20 km/h (98.30 mph)
 Winner's average speed: 154.20 km/h (95.30 mph)

References

External links
 John Walker & Lola T332 -1979 AGP images (refer page 32), www.austin7clubsa.com.au
 Results of the 1979 Australian Grand Prix, www.terrywalkersplace.com (refer page 3)

Grand Prix
Australian Grand Prix
Formula 5000 race reports
Australian Grand Prix


Chassemy () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Châtillon-lès-Sons (, literally Châtillon near Sons) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Shakertown Stakes is a Grade III American thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older over a distance of  furlongs on the turf held annually in early April at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky during the spring meeting. The event currently carries a purse of $350,000.

History

The event was inaugurated as The Mistral Stakes on 18 October 1995 as a three-year-old-only race over a distance of  miles.  The following year the event was not held but in 1997 was moved to the spring meeting and held at the current distance of  furlongs.

The event was renamed in 1998 to the Shakertown Stakes to honor Shakertown, a nearby Shaker community that is a United States National Historic Landmark, located about 25 miles from the racetrack.

The event was upgraded to a Grade III in 2003 and in 2016 to a Grade II.

In 2020 Lienster broke the course record held by Perfect Officer since 2012. The time was 1:00.86 for the  furlongs sprint.

Records
Speed record
 1:00.86 – Leinster (2020)

Margins
 4 lengths – Bound for Nowhere (2018)

Most wins
 2 – Soaring Free (2004, 2005)
 2 – Bound for Nowhere (2018, 2021)

Most wins by an owner
 2 – Sam-Son Farm (2004, 2005)
 2 – Martin Racing Stable (2008, 2014)
 2 – Wesley A. Ward (2018, 2021)

Most wins by a jockey
 3 – Shane Sellers (1998, 1999, 2004)

Most wins by a trainer
 4 – Wesley A. Ward (2016, 2018, 2021, 2022)

Winners

Notes:

§ Ran as part of an entry

ƒ Filly or Mare

See also
 List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

Graded stakes races in the United States
Grade 2 stakes races in the United States
Turf races in the United States
Open sprint category horse races
Recurring sporting events established in 1995
Keeneland horse races
1995 establishments in Kentucky


The 1964 San Diego Chargers season was their fifth as a professional AFL franchise; the team failed to repeat as AFL champions after winning the championship in 1963 with a record of 11–3, and finished at 8–5–1. San Diego struggled at the start and finish of the season, but a six-game winning streak in the middle proved to be enough to win the AFL West, in a league where the two strongest teams were in the Eastern division.

San Diego's defense was among the league's best, with defensive linemen Earl Faison and Ernie Ladd both voted All-AFL players, and young defensive backs Dick Westmoreland and Speedy Duncan both contributing, the latter showing ability as a kick returner. On offense, flanker Lance Alworth was the central figure, with over 1,200 receiving yards and 15 total touchdowns. Veteran quarterback Tobin Rote was phased out as the team's starter during the course of the season, replaced by third-year John Hadl. Meanwhile, former Charger quarterback Jack Kemp featured on a Buffalo Bills team that defeated San Diego three times, including in the AFL title game. Alworth missed the title game due to injury, and running back Keith Lincoln was knocked out of it in the opening quarter by Mike Stratton's "Hit Heard ‘Round the World". San Diego led 7–0 before Lincoln's injury, but failed to score afterwards and lost 20–7.

Offseason

AFL draft

The 1964 AFL draft took place on November 30, 1963, late in the previous season; the Chargers had 28 picks across 26 rounds. Two days later, the rival NFL conducted their own draft.

San Diego was one of several AFL teams who had trouble signing their top picks. Of their first eleven choices, they signed only one, offensive lineman Gary Kirner, while nine spent 1964 with various NFL clubs. These included the Chargers' first four picks, who had all signed for the other league by mid-January. One of these, receiver Dave Parks, made the next three Pro Bowls for San Francisco.

Kirner went on to spend his entire six-year career in San Diego, though he only started 29 games in that time. The Chargers had a significant pick in the 13th round with safety Kenny Graham, who they signed in May. He started 11 games as a rookie and 75 in six years with the Chargers, being voted to four AFL All-Star games and one AP All-league team. He was also named to the AFL All-time second team in 1970.

Departures and arrivals

San Diego signed defensive back / kick returner Leslie "Speedy" Duncan as an undrafted rookie. He went on to play in three AFL All-Star games in seven seasons with the Chargers, eventually being inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame in 1995.

Guard Sam DeLuca, who had returned from retirement the previous season, was sold to the Jets on July 9 for an undisclosed sum. Paul Maguire was placed on waivers later in July. Maguire, who had doubled as a linebacker and punter since the Chargers' inaugural campaign in 1960, was claimed by the Bills. In August, fullback Bobby Jackson, who had scored nine touchdowns over the past two seasons, was sent to Oakland on a loan deal of unknown duration. In the event, he never returned to the Chargers.

George Blair, a defensive back who had led the league in field goal percentage the past two seasons, sustained a knee injury early in the season; this proved to be career-ending. Herb Travenio was brought in as a replacement, but was released after only three games. He would return the following season with more success. He was replaced by 45-year old Ben Agajanian, back with the team after four years. Agajanian, too, picked up a career-ending injury, and Keith Lincoln handled the kicking duties for the rest of the season.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Preseason

Lincoln, who had ended the previous season as MVP of the AFL Championship Game, began the new one by scoring the first two Chargers touchdowns of their exhibition schedule. He opened the scoring against Denver with a 13-yard catch from Tobin Rote, then put San Diego ahead to stay with a 45-yard run; Lance Alworth and Keith Kinderman added further touchdowns in a 34–20 win. The Chargers followed this with a high-scoring win over the Oilers, played on neutral ground in Little Rock, Arkansas. San Diego trailed 10–0 before Lincoln's touchdown pass to Dave Kocourek sparked a run of 30 consecutive points, with John Hadl throwing three touchdown passes. Houston came back with 21 unanswered points to lead again, and later responded after Lincoln had scored from a yard out, going ahead 38–37. Late in the game, Earl Faison recovered a fumble, and Hadl completed three passes to Alworth on a 12-play, 62-yard drive that culminated in Kinderman's game-winning 3-yard run, 72 seconds from time.

Lincoln scored again at Kansas City, where the Chargers trailed 14–12 at halftime. Rote and Don Norton combined on touchdown passes of 90 and 18 yards in the second half, giving San Diego their third consecutive win. The run came to an end in their fourth game, Paul Lowe scoring their lone touchdown in a 34–6 loss to the Jets, a game played before a sparse crowd in Atlanta. Former Charger Dick Wood threw three touchdown passes for New York. Finally, the Chargers returned home and defeated their Californian rivals Oakland 24–10. Rote and Norton once again connected for two touchdowns, either side of a Gerry McDougall run.

Regular season

Summary

Rote and Hadl split time at the quarterback position, as they had done the previous year - this time, however, the younger Hadl started eight out of fourteen games, having been exclusively a replacement in 1963. Hadl finished with 2,157 yards to Rote's 1,156, and threw twice as many touchdowns (18 to 9) against the same number of interceptions (15), while posting a 6–2 record as a starter. Alworth was again the leading receiver, ranking third in the league for yardage with 1,235, and first for touchdowns (13). He also rushed for a pair of touchdowns, and averaged 10.5 yards per punt return, second best in the league. End Don Norton and tight end Kocourek added 669 and 593 receiving yards respectively. The ground attack was weakened by an early-season injury to Paul Lowe, who missed two games and finished with only 496 yards on the season. Lincoln became the leading rusher with 632 yards, but his average yards per carry slipped from 6.5 a year earlier to 4.1 in 1964.

The defense continued to be one of the league's better units, ranking 1st against the pass and 4th against the run. Defensive end Faison unofficially had a team-high  sacks and was a first-team All-Pro, while linebackers Chuck Allen and Frank Buncom were both voted to the AFL All-Star game, and second-year cornerback Dick Westmoreland led the team with six interceptions. The kicking game was unreliable after Blair was injured early in the season. Herb Travenio and Ben Agajanian played in three games each before Lincoln was given the job in mid-November. Collectively, the team made 12 of 26 field goal attempts, going just 5 of 17 from distances of 20 yards or more. Hadl doubled as the punter – his average of 39.5 yards per kick put him seventh out of eight in the league.

Schedule

Game summaries
All game reports use the Pro Football Researchers' gamebook archive as a source.

Week 1: vs. Houston Oilers

Rote threw three touchdowns as San Diego began their title defense with a win. Houston had the first scoring chance - they opted to fake a 33-yard field goal, but George Blanda was brought down by Westmoreland and Emil Karas for a loss of 14 yards. The Chargers responded by driving 60 yards in five plays, with Alworth catching a 31-yard pass and Rote finding Kocourek for the opening score from a yard out. Blanda responded with a touchdown pass on 4th and goal, Blair missed a 31-yard kick for San Diego, and it was 7–7 at halftime.

The first three drives of the second half resulted in touchdowns. San Diego went 66 yards in 8 plays, with Gerry MacDougall scoring from close range. After another Blanda touchdown pass, the Chargers drove 80 yards in 7 plays, with Alworth picking up two first downs, and Don Norton scoring with a 19-yard catch. After forcing a punt, the Chargers had a 5-play, 64-yard drive, Alworth scoring this time from 27 yards out. The next two Oiler drives ended with Westmoreland blocking a field goal and the San Diego defensive line stuffing a 4th and 1 attempt. By the time former Charger Bobby Jackson scored from inches out, there were only two seconds left.

Rote finished with 15 completions from 26 attempts for 235 yards, with three touchdowns and an interception. Alworth had 6 catches for 119 yards and a touchdown.

Week 2: vs. Boston Patriots

Five turnovers proved too much for the Chargers to overcome in their home opener. The first significant takeaway was by the Charger defense - down 10–0 in the 2nd quarter, the pass rush of Karas forced a fumble from Babe Parilli, which Buncom recovered at the Patriot 8-yard line. Hadl, on for a struggling Rote, hit Alworth for a touchdown on the next play. The Patriots added a field goal 44 seconds before halftime, but two 20+ yard completions by Hadl moved San Diego into Blair's field goal range; his 30-yarder reduced the deficit to 13–10 at the break.

Boston added another field goal at the start of the second half. Hadl then fumbled while being sacked, and Parilli threw his second touchdown of the game. After a Charger punt, Karas again forced a fumble from Parilli, this time making the recovery himself on the Patriot 16-yard line. Jerry MacDougall converted a 4th and 1 before scoring from a yard out, leaving the score at 23–17. After a further Patriot field goal (Gino Cappelletti hit 4 of 7 on the day), Rote returned to the game and was immediately intercepted in his own territory. Boston did nothing with that opportunity, but Alworth fumbled on the next Charger play from scrimmage, and Parilli's third touchdown made it 33–17.

Hadl was again inserted at quarterback; he threw nine times on the ensuing drive, completing five for 80 yards, including a 15-yard touchdown to Don Norton; he also found MacDougall for a two-point conversion, reducing the deficit to eight points. Boston went three-and-out, and Alworth's 42-yard punt return had San Diego starting out only six yards from a potential tie. After three plays netted only two yards, head coach Sid Gillman opted to take the short field goal with 2:47 to play. Blair converted to pull his team with five points. His onside kick was then covered by the Patriots, but Boston again went three-and-out. Starting from his own 20 with 1:14 left to play, Hadl hit Alworth for 14 yards and MacDougall for 24, advancing to the Boston 42-yard line. His next pass went deep, but Patriot defensive back Ron Hall secured victory with his third interception of the day at his own 17-yard line.

The game was a rematch of the previous season's title game, won easily by San Diego. With Paul Lowe out injured, the Chargers' running game could muster only 84 yards.

Week 3: at Buffalo Bills

A pair of return touchdowns sparked a one-sided game. After receiving the opening kickoff, San Diego advanced steadily from their own 20 to a 3rd and 3 at the Buffalo 27-yard line, whereupon Butch Byrd cut in front of a quick sideline pass and went 75 yards the other way for a touchdown. Norton later fumbled at the end of a 42-yard gain, and Buffalo recovered. A Schmidt fumble recovery gave the Chargers a second chance, and Blair kicked their only points of the game from 12 yards out. After the Bills missed a field goal, Rote led San Diego from their own 20 to a 4th and 1 at the Buffalo 26-yard line, from where Lincoln was stopped short of a first down.

San Diego found themselves backed up near their goal line the next time they had the ball. Hadl's punt was fielded by Hagood Clarke at his own 47 – he broke through two tackles en route to a touchdown. The Chargers failed to enter the opposing red zone in the second half, while Buffalo added 16 further points.

With Lowe still out injured, Lincoln rushed 21 times for 94 yards. Norton caught 4 passes for 112 yards.

Week 4: at New York Jets

Lincoln's late field goal attempt was blocked as San Diego played out the first tie in franchise history. Lincoln, who had been handed the placekicking duties on account of Blair's injury, had opened the scoring with a 47-yard kick, tying Ben Agajanian's club record set in 1960. The running back also played a role in San Diego's first touchdown, taking a pass in the flat from an under-pressure Rote and skipping out of two tackles in the backfield en route to a 32-yard gain. That led to a 30-yard touchdown for Kocourek, who fought through a last-ditch tackle inside the five.

After former Charger Dick Wood had tied the game with a 3rd-quarter touchdown pass, Lowe's 17-yard reception restored the lead. Rookie cornerback Jimmy Warren was then beaten on a deep throw from Wood to Don Maynard, whose 68-yard touchdown provided the game's final points. Lincoln's late chance came from 40 yards out, but Wahoo McDaniel made his second block of the game with 23 seconds to play.

Rote finished on 15 of 29 for 225 yards, two touchdowns and two interceptions. Lowe gained 64 yards on the ground and 31 through the air on his return to action, as well as scoring a touchdown; Lincoln had 26 yards on the ground and 94 through the air. The attendance of nearly 47,000 set a new AFL record.

Week 5: at Boston Patriots

Hadl came off the bench to lead San Diego past the previously-undefeated Patriots. Hadl was introduced after Rote's 1st-quarter interception led to a Boston field goal; on his first drive, the Chargers went 62 yards before settling for a field goal by new kicker Herb Travenio. Hadl gained 22 yards on a quarterback keeper early in the next drive, then completed passes of 11, 17 and 16 yards before finding Alworth in the back of the end zone on 3rd and goal from the 2-yard line. Westmoreland thwarted the Patriots with an end zone interception, and it remained 10–3 at halftime.

Despite kicking off, San Diego extended their lead three plays into the second half: Allen recovered a fumble on the Boston 27-yard line, Lowe shaped to pass before cutting up the middle for 12 yards, and Norton pulled in a 15-yard touchdown. Travenio missed the extra point, and Boston converted three third downs while responding with a 13-play, 68-yard touchdown drive. Later, San Diego went 93 yards in 9 plays to extend their lead -  Lowe had an 18-yard reception and a 23-yard carry on consecutive plays before Alworth took a quick pass in the right flat, wrong-footed his marker and scored from 13 yards out. The Patriots again responded with a touchdown, reducing their deficit to six points with 12:45 still to play. Following an exchange of punts, San Diego ran the clock down on a 12-play drive from their own 17-yard line to the Boston 14-yard line, but Lowe fumbled the ball and the Patriots recovered. Charlie McNeil's interception and 13-yard return gave his offense another chance, and Travenio kicked the clincher from 17 yards out with only 1:11 to play.

Hadl was 17 of 29 for 228 yards, three touchdowns and no interceptions, and Alworth caught 8 passes for 124 yards and two touchdowns.

Week 6: vs. Denver Broncos

San Diego easily defeated Denver in Hadl's first start since the 1962 finale. Denver scored first, taking the opening kickoff and going 80 yards in 17 plays, scoring a touchdown while running over nine minutes off the clock. Lincoln led the Charger response, gaining 22 yards around left end and later scoring untouched from five yards out. In the 2nd quarter, a 42-yard gain by Kocourek led to a juggling 4-yard touchdown catch by Alworth, and Lincoln's second touchdown made it 21–7.

The Chargers continued to pull away in the second half, with Kocourek scoring after less than three minutes; the tight end took Hadl's pass at the Denver 32-yard line and shrugged off a weak tackle before completing a 46-yard touchdown. Hadl scored the fifth Charger touchdown himself on an 18-yard keeper, and following a consolation score for the Broncos, Jacque MacKinnon went 48 yards on a draw play before scoring from a yard out on the next play.

Hadl finished 18 of 28 for 216 yards, with two touchdowns and no interceptions, while Kocourek caught 4 passes for 113 yards and a touchdown. The Chargers had combined rushing stats of 39 carries for 272 yards, with 4 touchdowns. San Diego outgained an opponent by 300 yards for the first time in a regular season game, with a 486–186 advantage.

Week 7: at Houston Oilers

Three 2nd-quarter touchdowns in the span of 7:25 proved to be just enough to carry the Chargers past Houston. In the opening quarter, Allen's tackle stopped the Oilers on a 4th and 1, Travenio missed from 42 yards out, and rookie Oilers halfback Sid Blanks capped an 80-yard drive with a touchdown pass to Charley Hennigan. Hadl, who had a string of 13 consecutive completions in the first half, led a 72-yard drive and found Kocourek in the front of the end zone to tie the score. Following a Houston three-and-out, Alworth had receptions of 14 and 11 yards before scoring untouched on a 35-yard reverse. Houston responded by driving into Charger territory, but Faison hit George Blanda as he attempted to pass, and the ball fluttered straight to Hank Schmidt, whose 58-yard scoring return made it 20–7. Blanda responded with a touchdown pass to Hennigan, and after Lincoln had a field goal try blocked, Blanda made a kick of his own as time expired in the half.

There were no points scored in a rain-soaked second half, though both teams had chances. In the 3rd quarter, Travenio missed a 21-yard kick and Warren intercepted Blanda's long pass in the end zone (his first career interception). Blanda missed a 26-yard field goal on the first play of the final quarter. Hadl was intercepted twice as the period wore on, the second of these on the Houston two yard line. The Oilers drove all the way to the Charger 14-yard line inside the final two minutes, before a pair of penalties prompted Blanda to again attempt a game-tying field goal. His kick from 27 yards out was wide right, and San Diego hung on for their third straight win.

Alworth had 5 catches for 76 yards, to go with his first career rushing touchdown. Ernie Ladd was ejected from the game after tearing the helmet from a Houston lineman and striking him on the head with it. He was later fined $500 for the incident.

Week 8: vs. Oakland Raiders

The Charger defense intercepted Cotton Davidson six times, and Alworth had his third career 200-yard game as San Diego defeated the Raiders. Hadl threw the game's first interception, leading to a Raider field goal, but his next pass was a 76-yard touchdown, Alworth sprinting up the right sideline and pulling in the ball at the Oakland 30-yard line en route to the end zone. Oakland responded with a drive into Charger territory, but Graham intercepted Davidson in the end zone. Kocourek's 49-yard catch was the biggest play on the ensuing drive, which ended with Lincoln's 9-yard touchdown run through the left guard area. Further interceptions by Allen and Harris gave San Diego openings in opposition territory, but Ben Agajanian missed a field goal, and Alworth later fumbled after making a catch. Davidson found Art Powell for a touchdown, and the halftime score was 14–10.

In the 3rd quarter, Westmoreland intercepted an overthrown ball and ran it back 38 yards to the Oakland 24-yard line, setting up a 32-yard Agajanian kick. Next, Lincoln doubled the Charger lead with a 12-yard run up the middle. Oakland pulled back within seven after Davidson's second touchdown pass of the day, but Alworth had the final score, making a juggling, one-handed catch of a deep ball from Rote while fending off a defensive back. Dick Harris intercepted Davidson in the end zone to end the final Raider threat.

Harris and Westmoreland each had two interceptions. Alworth caught 8 passes for 203 yards and two touchdowns. Davidson was the first quarterback to throw six interceptions in a game against the Chargers - the next was Peyton Manning, 43 years later, during the 2007 season.

Week 9: at Denver Broncos

San Diego scored the final 21 points to win a seesaw game. The Broncos received the opening kickoff, and drove into Charger territory before Faison deflected a pass and Harris intercepted it. San Diego then drove 65 yards the other way, and Alworth's catch on a 5-yard out route gave them the lead. Agajanian added a short field goal early in the 2nd quarter, but the next four scores were all by Denver. Firstly, quarterback Jacky Lee broke the grasp of Faison and scrambled for a touchdown from eight yards out. The lead was cut to a single point at the break when Hadl was unable to get his punt away after a high snap, and was downed in the end zone for a safety. There were further long snapping issues shortly after halftime - this time, Hadl couldn't handle a low snap, and the ball was knocked into San Diego's end zone where Denver recovered it, before adding a two-point conversion on a fake kick. A Bronco field goal made it 20–10 with 8:20 to play in the third quarter.

After the Chargers were forced to punt on their next possession, the struggling Hadl was removed from the game and replaced by Rote; he came in with a golden chance to score after Lee's ill-advised lateral was recovered by Allen on the Denver 11-yard line. Rote was sacked to push the Chargers back to a 3rd and 19 from the 20-yard line, but he responded by finding Norton for a touchdown on the next play. Late in the game, Buncom intercepted a deflected screen pass, and San Diego took over at the Denver 15-yard line. Norton kept the offense on the field with a 15-yard catch on 3rd and 15, before Lincoln caught the go-ahead score from two yards out with 3:11 to play. Bob Petrich intercepted Lee's next pass (the defensive end's lone career interception) and Mackinnon ran in an insurance touchdown two plays later. Whitehead's fumble recovery stopped the final Bronco drive.

Lincoln rushed 20 times for 100 yards. It was the only 100-yard game by a Chargers runner all season.

Week 10: at Kansas City Chiefs

A 28-point 2nd quarter gave San Diego victory over their closest challengers in the AFL West. Lowe opened the scoring when he swept right, slipped a tackler and capitalized on an upfield block by Walt Sweeney to compete a 50-yard touchdown. Lincoln then surprised the Chiefs with an onside kick, recovered by Duncan in Kansas City territory. Three plays later, Hadl hit Kocourek deep over the middle, the tight end pulling the ball in as he crossed the goal line for a 38-yard touchdown. A Buncom fumble recovery stopped the next Chief drive; Kansas City tried a fake punt on their following possession, but another fumble spoiled the play, and San Diego took over on the opposing 47-yard line. Hadl immediately went long for Alworth, who had outpaced his marker and scored easily. That touchdown came with 1:21 to play in the first half, which proved to be time enough for two further scores. Karas recovered a fumbled snap on the next play from scrimmage, and Alworth scored on a 19-yard reverse. Kansas City responded with an unusual touchdown, as Westmoreland intercepted Len Dawson's long pass at the 5 yard-line, only to fumble into the end zone where the Chiefs recovered.

A further fumbled snap foiled the best Chiefs opening of the 3rd quarter, with Faison recovering. Len Dawson did manage to finish a drive off early in the final quarter, sneaking the ball home himself from a yard out, but couldn't lead his team back into the red zone.

In a Kansas rainstorm, it was the Chiefs who struggled most visibly with the conditions, fumbling nine times and losing three of them; the Charger offense committed no turnovers at all. Hadl was 11 of 19 for 238 yards and two touchdowns, while Alworth caught 5 passes for 168 yards and a touchdown. Karas sustained a broken leg, and missed the rest of the season.

Week 12: vs. Buffalo Bills

A late collapse cost the Chargers victory in a battle of division leaders. Early on, ex-Charger Jack Kemp was stopped a foot short on 4th and 1 at the San Diego 39-yard line, and Lincoln caught a 25-yard pass to set up his own field goal. On the next Charger possession, Hadl found Alworth behind a pair of defenders en route to a 63-yard touchdown, and it was 10–0. Hadl was intercepted in his own territory the next time he tried to pass, but Faison forced Cookie Gilchrist to fumble, and Graham recovered to end the threat. There was no let-off the next time Hadl was intercepted, as Buffalo drove 16 yards for a touchdown. Rote entered the game, but was promptly intercepted too – this time, the Bills had to drive only a single yard to take the lead. Rote threw a further interception before the half ended.

The turnovers continued in the second half – Warren intercepted Kemp, but Lincoln fumbled the ball back on the next play. Following a Bills punt, Hadl (reinstated at quarterback), made two big throws on a 63-yard touchdown drive, finding Alworth for 23 yards on 3rd and 2 before hitting Norton in the front of the end zone on 3rd and 10 from the 17-yard line. Daryle Lamonica entered the game, but was swarmed by three Chargers and sacked for a ten-yard loss on third down. After the Bills punted, San Diego needed only two plays to extend their lead, Lincoln taking a pitchout and throwing to a wide open Alworth for an easy 53-yard touchdown and a 24–14 lead a play into the final quarter. Alworth's fumbled punt return gave the Bills a chance to close the gap, but the Charger defense made a goal line stand after facing a first down at the 4-yard line, with Allen making a pair of tackles before Lamonica was stopped two yards short on 4th down. Hadl was caught in the end zone for a safety by Mike Stratton on the next play, and the game began to turn. Buffalo drove back to the goal line, where they again faced fourth down – this time, Lamonica dove over from the one. The Buffalo QB was stopped short on a two-point try, but San Diego had committed a defensive hold - given another chance from the one, Lamonica again successfully dove through the middle, and the score was tied with 3:24 to play. Warren's 54-yard kickoff return gave the Chargers excellent starting field position, but a Hadl pass was deflected and intercepted, before Buffalo drove into range for the game-winner, a 33-yard kick by Pete Gogolak with three seconds to play.

In total, San Diego committed a season-high seven turnovers. Alworth had 185 yards and two touchdowns from only four receptions. It was the first time San Diego played on Thanksgiving, or any Thursday. The attendance was a Charger record, and represented the first sell-out in club history.

Week 13: vs. New York Jets

San Diego thrashed the Jets on the day they clinched their fourth AFL West title. The Chargers took the opening kickoff and put together a 14-play, 77-yard drive that ended with Norton scoring on a quick out pattern. George Gross recovered Dick Wood's fumble on the next possession, and Lincoln took a screen pass 37 yards before eventually adding a field goal. The Chargers went 85 yards on 9 plays on their next drive, with MacKinnon's 37-yard catch taking them to the goal line, from where Lowe scored. A pair of Hadl interceptions briefly stalled the Chargers' momentum. The first of these led to a Jet field goal, but the second did no damage, as Allen made an interception of his own, returning the ball 33 yards to the New York 35-yard line. That led to Lincoln's touchdown catch 14 seconds before halftime. In a processional second half, Faison made a leaping interception at the line of scrimmage before scoring on a 42-yard return, and Alworth got behind the defense on a play action pass for an easy 82-yard touchdown reception.

Alworth caught 3 passes for 101 yards and a touchdown. Lowe rushed 18 times for a season-high 96 yards and a touchdown. Duncan ran a kickoff back 91 yards (leading to a missed field goal) and made his first career interception. The Chargers enjoyed a 466–113 advantage in total offensive yardage.

Week 14: vs. Kansas City Chiefs

The Chargers declared this to be "Tobin Rote Day", as the veteran quarterback was playing in San Diego for the last time. Rote was honored in a halftime ceremony, and started for the first time since week 5. The game itself did not go to plan, as Kansas City forced six turnovers en route to a blowout win.

On the game's opening possession, San Diego tried a fake punt after reaching 4th and 4 from the Chiefs 46-yard line, but Hadl's pass was intercepted. Len Dawson threw the first of his four touchdown passes on the next play (they all went to Frank Jackson), and Kansas City were off and running - it was 25–0 before the Chargers crossed midfield again. When Hadl found Alworth for a short touchdown early in the 3rd quarter, the Chiefs went 65 yards the other way for another Dawson TD pass to shut down the potential comeback.

Duncan lost three fumbles on kick returns, leading to 17 points.. The 43-point margin of defeat would remain the Chargers' worst until a 45-0 defeat to the Patriots 56 years later.

Week 15: at Oakland Raiders

San Diego improved on their previous week's performance, but nonetheless went into the AFL title game on a two-game losing streak after a narrow defeat. The Chargers wasted numerous early openings, beginning when Petrich's fumble recovery in Oakland territory led only to a missed Lincoln field goal. Ron Carpenter's interception soon gave them another chance at the Oakland 29-yard line, but Hadl immediately threw an interception of his own; Lincoln later missed another field goal before, finally, Whitehead's interception led to a successful kick. In total, 37 of the game's first 38 snaps took place in Raiders territory. Oakland pinned the Chargers at their own 2-yard line late in the 1st quarter, but Hadl led his team 98 yards in only 9 plays, completing 41-yard passes to both Norton and Lowe. The latter of these saw Lowe catch the ball at the Oakland 30-yard line, and battle past four would-be tacklers on his way for a touchdown. Oakland responded with touchdowns on two of their next three drives, both from passes by Tom Flores, and led 14–10 at halftime.

Rote had come into the game following a 2nd quarter Hadl interception, and played the entire second half. His 23-yard completion to Lowe moved the ball to the Oakland 28 on the opening 3rd-quarter possession; on the next play, Lowe swept right and followed a convoy of blockers for an easy touchdown. Lincoln hit a 33-yard field goal on the next Charger possession, making it 20–14. Flores was sacked on 4th and 6 at the Chargers 10-yard line as time expired in the quarter, but threw his third touchdown pass soon after the change of ends. San Diego couldn't cross midfield on their final three possessions, with Rote's final pass being a deep ball intercepted at the Raider 25-yard line with less than two minutes to play.

Lowe had a season-high 165 offensive yards, rushing 13 times for 85 yards and a touchdown while catching 4 passes for 80 yards and a further touchdown. The Chargers suffered a blow in the 1st quarter when Alworth sustained a hyper-extension of the left knee; he missed the AFL Championship game as a result.

Standings

Playoffs

Game summaries

AFL championship game: San Diego Chargers at Buffalo Bills

The injury to Alworth, their recent poor form and the Bills' home field advantage combined to make San Diego the underdogs for the title game. In the event, they began the game well, but were unable to score after Lincoln was knocked out of the game. The Chargers received the opening kickoff, and Lincoln touched the ball on their first three plays: A 38-yard run, a 5-yard run and an 11-yard catch. Rote, starting in his final game for the team, then threw a 26-yard touchdown to Kocourek for a 7–0 lead after only four plays. The Bills were forced to punt, and Lincoln converted a 3rd and 4 with a 4-yard run. Two plays later, he was hit hard by Mike Stratton while trying to catch a swing pass and knocked out of the game with a broken rib. The play was dubbed "The Hit Heard Round the World". San Diego were forced to punt, and Buffalo drove as far as the Charger 4 before settling for a field goal. Duncan's 72-yard kickoff return set his offense up at the Buffalo 35, but Rote was intercepted only two plays later. Faison prevented the Bills from scoring on the next drive when he tackled Lamonica short of a first down on a fake field goal try, but Buffalo forced two Charger punts and scored ten points from their next two drives. The Chargers gained a first down at the Buffalo 15-yard line late in the half, but Stratton intercepted Rote to preserve Buffalo's 13–7 lead.

Jerry Robinson returned a punt 30 yards to the Buffalo 42-yard line. After a 1-yard run by Lowe and an incompletion from Rote, Hadl came into the game but was immediately intercepted. The teams exchanged punts before Buffalo scored again; Kemp had a 51-yard completion and ran the ball in from a yard out with nine minutes to play. Duncan returned the kickoff 49 yards to the Buffalo 46, and Kocourek's 26-yard catch helped San Diego reach a 3rd and 1 from the 4-yard line. Mackinnon lost a yard on the next play, before Hadl threw incomplete on 4th down. The Chargers had only one more possession after that, running out of time with the ball at midfield.

Both Charger quarterbacks struggled, with Rote completing 10 of 16 passes for 118 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions, while Hadl completed 3 of 10 for 31 yards and an interception. Duncan had three kickoff returns for 147 yards and one punt return for 28 yards.

Notes

References

San Diego Chargers
San Diego Chargers seasons
San Diego Chargers f


Deflektor is a puzzle game developed by Vortex Software and published by Gremlin Graphics in December 1987. The game was followed by a sequel in 1989 called Mindbender.

The game was also ported to the Japanese Sharp X68000 by Bullet-Proof Software and for the Atari 8-bit family developed by Atari Corporation in 1988 but was not published. According to the Deflektor X4 remake programmer Ignacio Pérez Gil, the Deflektor developer Costa Panayi endorsed the creation and distribution of the non-commercial open-source freeware in the 2000s.

Deflektor has been well received by the criticism. Critics emphasized its high appeal and originality. The game also received positive feedback for its graphics, difficulty, and in-depth exploration.

Gameplay
Deflektor is a real-time puzzle game which set in an optical circuit. The player has to rotate mirrors to deflect a beam in order to destroy all the cells of each level. There are also other devices the player has to be careful not to touch with the beam for too much time because otherwise the system will overload. In each levels, the player will given a certain amount of time to complete each levels. There also various other items on each levels which the player can collect and a practise mode.

Development
Costa Panayi was the principal programmer, game designer and artist for Vortex Software, when Panayi was programming primarily on the ZX Spectrum. He developed and released Revolution, which later influenced on creation of Deflektor. The game was based on a simple physical phenomenon which was further modified in terms of game mechanics. Panayi was inspired to create the game by observing scientific software that worked with lasers. The development was carried out in the key of being different from existing trends in the gaming industry.

The development of the original game for the ZX Spectrum was handled by Panayi himself and was published by Gremlin Graphics. A month before it release date, the game was announced in magazines.

Reception

Writing for Zzap! magazine in February 1988, Julian Rignall wrote that "Deflektor is very enjoyable, and provides an original and worthwhile way to kill time". According to Amstrad Action, Deflektor was the best game of March 1988. In 1988, Deflektor was included in the 100 best games by ACE which the game was described as unique but very easy because to pass the level, it is enough to test all the conditions of the mirror. In 1990, the author of an article in Your Sinclair ranked Deflektor seventh out of the nine best puzzles and describing it as distinctive and interesting.

References

External links

 Deflektor X4: authorised remake
 Deflektor I: for Atari 8-bit
 Deflektor II: for Atari 8-bit

1987 video games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari ST games
Cancelled Atari 8-bit family games
Commodore 64 games
NEC PC-9801 games
X68000 games
ZX Spectrum games
Puzzle video games
Blue Planet Software games
Gremlin Interactive games
Video games scored by Ben Daglish
Vortex Software games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom


Innari Dalur is the valley in the west of the town of Fuglafjørður in the Faroe Islands. It is surrounded by Fuglafjørður in the east, mount Gjógvaráfjall in the south, Jøklaskarð in the west and mount Blábjørg and mount Slætnatindur in the north.

The valleys of Fuglafjørður can be divided into three categories:

The eastern valleys:
 Ytri Dalur (also called Kambsdalur)
 Heimari Dalur (sometimes called Breiðádalur)
 Innari Dalur (sometimes called Jøkladalur)

The western valleys:
 Halgadalur
 Góðidalur

The northern valleys:
 Flatirnar
 Hjarðardalur

Sources: Heimsatlas. Føroya Skúalbókagrunnur, Tórshavn, 1993. Page 6–7.

Valleys of the Faroe Islands
Eysturoy


Châtillon-sur-Oise (, literally Châtillon on Oise) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chaudardes () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

Sights
The church, which is a registered historic monument.
The "lavoir", a public place where the women used to wash their clothes and which is also a "monument historique" because of its Blessed Virgin Mary statue whose color is still visible here and there
The chapel, which is behind the lavoir and which can no longer be visited (stones fall)
A statue of the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus on the village square, near the church
The graveyard
The river Aisne and the ruins of a bridge which was designed to link Chaudardes with Concevreux, a village on the other side of the river (this bridge has been destroyed during the World War I)

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chaudun () is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chavignon () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The river Ailette forms most of the commune's northern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College (DDUC)() is one of the top constituent college of the University of Delhi in India, located at Phase 1, Dwarka Sector-3, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi 110078. It is fully funded by Government of Delhi. It was established in August 1990 in the memory of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, a philosopher, thinker and social worker.

Academics

Academic programmes

The college, informally known as DDUC, offers many undergraduate courses, including BA, B.Sc., and B.Com Honours programs.
In order to cater to business and management education at the undergraduate level, a three-year Bachelor of Business Studies was inaugurated on 18 July 2007.

Ranking
In 2023, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College was ranked 24th among colleges in India by National Institutional Ranking Framework.

Admissions
The admission process for BMS is different from the regular cut-offs based on Class XII results, as followed in other colleges of the university. The Faculty of Management Studies, undertakes the responsibility for admissions in the course BMS. Selection criteria for prospective students consist of the following (weightage in admission decisions given in brackets)

1. An objective written test, the Joint Entrance Test (JAT) – includes a wide variety of questions on verbal skills, quantitative skills, logic, business knowledge, and current affairs. (65%)

2. (35%) marks scored in class 12th board examination.

The admission test is highly competitive with only 400 seats and a selection ratio of 1:50.

Student life

Cultural festivals
The college's student life includes various student organizations (both academic and cultural) which organize extra curricular activities.

Kalrav is the annual festival of DDUC, usually organized in February–March each year. It is a conglomerate of the activities of all societies and departments of the college. Kalrav seeks participation of students pan-India and has events & competitions including those of Music, Dance, Drama, Debating, Model UN, Quizzes and many more informal events. The Star nights at Kalrav in the previous years have witnessed performances by youth icons like Mika, Indian Ocean, The Circus etc.

Ecclesia is the annual convention of Department of Management Studies, DDUC.

Zucitva is the Annual Commerce Festival of DDUC organized by the Department of Commerce every year and include events like Corporate Fashion Show, Forensic Accounting, Business Plan, Marketing Management Competition, Mock Stock, etc. The fest is organized every year by CommUnity, The Department Of Commerce.

Tech Marathon is the Annual Computer Science Festival of DDUC organized by the Sanganika (The Computer Science Society).

KALAMKAAR the Hindi kavi sammelan was organised in the college on 18 February on the behalf of silver jubilee year. Under the banner of KALAMKAR a literature festival named 'KLF' is organised every year, during this festival society also organised a mega Kavi-Sammelan.

Student societies
There are many academic and cultural societies that are open for all DDUC students to join. Some of them include:
 Women Non-Development Cell: The one which is dedicated only for the Women development.
 Misogny Cell- JHAAT GUJJAR SOCIETY ASSOCIATION
 Polaroid : The Photography and Filmmaking Society
 TedX DDUC
 Vyaktitva – The Personality Development Society
 180 Degrees Consulting DDUC: Consulting club of DDUC, branch of the world's largest university based consulting organization
Entrepreneurship Development Cell DDUC : The Entrepreneurship Cell that comes under the Department of Management studies
 Synapses – The Zoological Society (Department of Zoology)
 HCMS - Harish Chandra Mathematics Society ( Department of Mathematics)
 Optizone - The Operational Research Society ( Department of Mathematical Sciences)
 Aryabhatta Science Forum (Department of Physics)
 Zest – Department of English
 Sanganika – the computer science society
 Covalence – Department of Chemistry
 CommUNITY – Department of Commerce
 Kalpavriksha- the botanical society (Department of Botany)
 Delonix – annual festival of Department of Botany
 Astral- the management society of Department of Management Studies
 SILIZIUM- Society of Dept. Of Electronics
 Robotics Club
 Vivekananda Study Circle
 National Service Scheme
 Social Responsibility Cell DDUC
 Kalamkaar – the literary society
 Yavanika – the theatre society.
 Sangyaan- the quizzing society
 Voices – the debating society
 Rhapsody – the music society
 The Model UN Club
 Raaga – the dance society
 Fin-S – the finance society
 Eco Club
 Spic Macay
 Reflections – the magazine society
 Career Aspirants Club – the competitive examination preparation club
 Vyoma – the astro club

Hostels
There are 2 hostels, boys and girls, having 90 limited seats each. Facilities such as air conditioning, attached bathroom, WiFi and many others are provided to students living far away from home. The rooms are allotted on twin sharing basis. And the motto is to provide students with a comfortable and convenient stay.

The process of admission into the hostel is different, considering the aggregate of the 12th class of students along with their distance from homes. Candidates are required to fill out an application form with the Hostel within the scheduled dates as per Notification for Hostel Accommodation.

References

External links
Official College Website
BBS @ DDUC
DDUC @ DU
Eng (H) @ DDUC
Melange – Annual Fest – Department of Business Studies

Universities and colleges in Delhi
Delhi University
1990 establishments in Delhi
Memorials to Deendayal Upadhyay
Educational institutions established in 1990


Chavonne () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Argenis Alexander Méndez Zapata (born July 3, 1986) is a professional boxer best known for winning the silver medal at the junior world championships in 2004.  He is a former International Boxing Federation Super Featherweight champion.

Early life and amateur career

Argenis Mendez started boxing at the age of 12.  Mendez won featherweight silver at the World Junior Championships 2004 where he beat Eddy Flores Cotilla but lost to Eduard Ambartsumyan, in the final.

He lost in the first round of the Olympics in 2004 against the Ukrainian, Maksym Tretyak. Mendez qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in first place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In 2005, he beat Abner Cotto on his way to winning the PanAm Championships).

He also holds several wins over Carlos Velásquez.

Defeated Naskali Jyri Jarmo on points, 20-8 at the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships, but lost early against Russian amateur standout Aleksei Tishchenko who had beaten him earlier in the year.

Professional career

He debuted in 2006, knocking out Jose Fonseco in the second round at Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. Achieving a 12 fight win streak, mainly at super featherweight, until losing a close split decision to Jaime Sandoval, wherein he knocked down Sandoval in the first round.

He came back to win 6 consecutive fight including 12-round decision victories over fringe contender Martin Honorio and former IBF super featherweight champion Cassius Baloyi. Mendez fought Honorio on May 8, 2010, in the StubHub Center in Carson, California, winning a close majority decision with scores, of 114-114,116-112, and 116-112. Honorio pressured Mendez using body attacks, while Mendez used his superior hand speed and combination punching to counter Honorio. In an IBF super featherweight title eliminator, Mendez fought Baloyi in Brakpan, Gauteng, South Africa on January 29, 2011. Mendez won a unanimous decision victory, with scores of  117-110, 117-110, and 117-111, outclassing the former champion with his speed, and combination punching.

Argenis Mendez finally got his chance for the vacant IBF super featherweight against former World Boxing Council super featherweight champion and Jorge Linares conqueror Juan Carlos Salgado. On September 10, 2011, at Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, Mendez lost a close decision victory to Salgado. Both boxers landed good combination punches, and fought competitively. Mendez lost a point in the fifth round for hitting behind the head, but was able to drop Salgado in the final round.

He had a quick bounce-back victory over Alex Perez, on November 18, 2011, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, winning a knockout in the second round.

In April 2012, Castillo signed for the boxing promoter Acquinity Sports alongside compatriots Félix Díaz and Gilbert Lenin Castillo.

Professional boxing record

See also
List of world super-featherweight boxing champions

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from San Juan de la Maguana
Pan American Games competitors for the Dominican Republic
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic male boxers
Super-featherweight boxers
Lightweight boxers
World super-featherweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions


The Green Ridge Railroad was a  narrow gauge railroad that operated in Allegany County, Maryland.

The rail line was located  east of Cumberland, in the vicinity of Town Hill and Fifteen Mile Creek. It belonged to the Mertens family, and supplied lumber to a sawmill at Oldtown for use by the Merten's boatyards in Cumberland to construct and repair canal boats. It connected to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Okonoko, West Virginia, and ended at the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, across the Potomac River from Paw Paw, West Virginia. The maximum extent of the track system was .

The railroad opened in 1883 and operated as a common carrier through 1891. Subsequently, it operated as a private carrier until it closed in 1894.

Locomotives
The two locomotives for the GRRR were built at the Mount Savage Locomotive Works, for T. H. Paul, under contract.
 Green Ridge Number 1 is featured in an illustration of the Mt. Savage catalog, as the model for the 0-6-0s.
 GRRR Number 2 is an 0-4-0.

Disposition of the engines is unknown.

See also
 List of Maryland railroads

References

Defunct Maryland railroads
3 ft gauge railways in the United States
Narrow gauge railroads in Maryland


Chérêt () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chermizy-Ailles is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The river Ailette flows west through the commune, then flows into the lac de l'Ailette, which forms part of the commune's western border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Chermizyailles
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Johanna Asklöf (née Tiira, born 25 August 1972) is a Finnish orienteering competitor and World champion.

She received a silver medal in the relay event at the 1993 World Orienteering Championships in West Point, USA, together with Kirsi Tiira, Annika Viilo and Eija Koskivaara. She earned a silver medal with the Finnish relay team at the 1999 World Championships in Inverness, and also an individual bronze medal on the Classic distance. She won a gold medal at the 2001 World Orienteering Championships in Tampere with the Finnish relay team, and received a silver medal on the Sprint distance.

She became Junior World Champion with the Finnish relay team in 1991.

See also
 Finnish orienteers
 List of orienteers
 List of orienteering events

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Finnish orienteers
Female orienteers
Foot orienteers
World Orienteering Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2001 World Games
Junior World Orienteering Championships medalists


Chéry-Chartreuve () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia