DI Alexandra "Alex" Drake is a fictional character in BBC One's science fiction/police procedural drama Ashes to Ashes. The character is portrayed by Keeley Hawes and as a child by Lucy Cole.

Character history
The character of Alex Drake is the main protagonist of Ashes to Ashes, the sequel to the 2006 series Life on Mars, which followed the story of Sam Tyler (John Simm) who wakes in 1973 after being hit by a car in 2006. Ashes to Ashes follows the similar storyline of Alex Drake who after being shot in 2008 awakens in 1981. The character has been described as "ballsy, confident and bright", along with being "perceptive in deduction" and "understanding the workings of the criminal mind".

Ashes to Ashes

2008

During the first episode of Ashes to Ashes, it is revealed that Alex Drake is the unnamed police psychologist mentioned in the finale of Life on Mars, who interviewed and recorded case notes of Sam Tyler's time in 1973 and studied his subsequent suicide, as witnessed in the finale of Life on Mars.

During the opening scenes of the first episode, Drake, while driving her daughter Molly (Grace Vance) to school is unexpectedly called to a hostage situation near the embankment of the River Thames. Upon arriving, she is informed that the hostage taker, Arthur Layton (Sean Harris) is demanding to speak to her, despite Drake having no knowledge of him. Drake eventually negotiates the release of the civilian hostage in favour of herself. This prompts Drake's frightened daughter, Molly to rush past the cordon into the middle of the situation. Arthur Layton takes hold of Molly and rushes down the steps to the river's edge, followed by Drake shortly after to find her daughter unharmed with Layton missing. Upon returning to her car she fails to notice Layton in the back, who forces her at gunpoint to a disused barge and tells her that he knew her parents who died in 1981, Tim (Andrew Clover) and Caroline Price (Amelia Bullmore). Shortly after, Layton shoots Drake in the head.

Series 1
Following the shooting, Drake finds herself in 1981 less than fourteen weeks before the death of her parents, Tim and Caroline Price. Upon waking, she finds herself in the same location - on the barge which is host to a party.

From studying Sam Tyler's notes, Drake is familiar with Gene Hunt (Philip Glenister), Ray Carling (Dean Andrews) and Chris Skelton (Marshall Lancaster), and is so surprised to learn they actually exist, that she faints upon first seeing Hunt. After shocking the unit with the revelation she is the DI of the squad, Drake learns that Hunt, Carling and Skelton transferred to London following the death of Sam Tyler a year previously. Drake initially believes that she has assimilated Tyler's notes to create this world, and addresses her new colleagues as if they are not real. As well as this, Drake uses a dictaphone to record her experiences and frequently searches for radio communications and television images for information about her, knowing that Sam Tyler received information this way.

As the first series progresses, Drake comes to believe that she has been sent back to 1981 in order to save her parents from death. Along with this, Drake is constantly haunted by hallucinations of "The Clown". Eventually, it is revealed that her father Tim is the clown and that he arranged to blow himself up along with his wife, Caroline, and daughter, Alex, by hiring Arthur Layton to rig a car bomb after finding that Caroline was having an affair with Evan White (Stephen Campbell Moore).

Series 2
By the second series (set in 1982) Alex Drake is shown to have become more at ease with her life in the 1980s, and that her relationship with Gene Hunt has improved to the point where they work separately from the rest of the team and conduct unofficial investigations. In the first episode of the series, Drake is attacked by an unknown man who attempts to interrogate her about this world. After this incident, she realises she is being stalked by the same, who later is revealed to be Martin Summers (Gwilym Lee and Adrian Dunbar) who claims to be able to help her return to the present day.

Coinciding with the Martin Summers plot, the main storyline witnesses Drake and Hunt working together in order to uncover corruption within Fenchurch East CID. After several discoveries and unofficial investigations led by Hunt and Drake, it is revealed that their superior officer, Charlie Mackintosh (Roger Allam) is heavily involved in the web of corruption. During episode four, Mackintosh kills himself and shortly before dying warns Drake and Hunt of "Operation Rose", but is unable to reveal more detail. Shortly afterwards, Drake becomes aware that the 1982 younger version of Martin Summers is working in Fenchurch East Police Station. The older Summers arranges a meeting with both Drake and the 1982 Summers, leading to the older Summers shooting the younger. The older Summers forces the firearm used into Drake's hand to incriminate her, prompting Drake to dispose of both the body and firearm in cement.

Towards the end of the series, it is revealed that Operation Rose is the unofficial codename and call-sign for a gold bullion robbery masterminded by a web of corrupt police officers, involving the older version of Martin Summers, who returned to 1982 as his younger self stood by when the robbery happened in the real world. During the series finale, Hunt shoots and kills the older version of Summers and goes on to accidentally shoot Alex Drake. Upon waking in the present day, Drake observes Hunt screaming at her to wake up from her comatose state in 1982 through hospital monitor screens. It is then made clear that Martin Summers was a comatose patient a few rooms away from Alex Drake in the same hospital, explaining his ability to hear discussions about Alex's condition.

Series 3
During the first episode, Drake finds herself back in the present day. Along with talking to a therapist about her dreams of Hunt heroically chasing criminals in his Audi Quattro, to the sound of "Ride of the Valkyries", she observes Sharon Granger, Chris Skelton, Ray Carling and Gene Hunt visit her in hospital and ask her for help in differing forms through television screens. She re-awakens in 1983, with Hunt slapping her to bring her out of her coma in order to help clear his name.

Following her return to the 1980s, Hunt explains that after his accidental shooting of her he was accused of attempted murder and fled to the Isle of Wight and the Costa del Sol for a period of three months.

During the series, Drake is haunted by visions of a police officer with severe exit wounds to the left side of his face. Speculating that this relates to Sam Tyler, she tries to discover the truth about his death. Evidence and hints from the ghost and DCI Keats increasingly point to Gene having a hand in the incident. Although she begins to have more romantic feelings towards Hunt, his reluctance to tell her the truth leaves Drake wondering if he murdered Tyler.

In the finale, Drake follows clues from the ghost and Keats to a shallow grave in rural Lancashire, where she believes Sam to be buried. However, the body is that of the dead police officer haunting Drake, and is identified as a young Gene Hunt. Drake learns that she is trapped in a purgatory where Gene is a guide or male Valkyrie for dead police officers, while Keats is a demon tempting them to hell. Drake finally accepts that she died of her injuries, near the beginning of the first episode of season 3, at 9:06, concurrent with Gene's slap to her and her return to 1983, never having woken up from her coma; and would not be returning to her daughter in 2008. She bids a sad farewell to Gene as she passes on to the Railway Arms pub (a police analogue to Valhalla) with Ray, Chris, and Shaz.

Reality of 1980s
Alex is initially portrayed as convinced that her experiences in the 1980s are fantasy, being played out in her mind during the final seconds of her life after being shot. In the early episodes of the first series, Drake addresses her colleagues as "imaginary constructs" and mimes air quotes when saying their names.

After her parents were blown up in a carbombing, Drake remembers someone taking her hand as a little girl. Drake always assumed the hand belonged to Evan White, but once she went back to 1981 and witnessed her parents' death she observes it was Hunt who took her hand. This causes her to question whether Hunt is in fact a real person.

The series 3 finale explains that the 'Gene Hunt world' is in fact a purgatory for police officers with the Railway Arms pub acting as a 'gateway' to heaven.

References

External links
 Alex Drake (Ashes to Ashes)
 Alex Drake (BBC Press Office)
 Alex Drake (Daily Mirror newspaper)

Ashes to Ashes (TV series) characters
Fictional English people
Fictional British police detectives
Fictional psychologists
Television characters introduced in 2008


Comologno is a village and former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

In 1995 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Crana and Russo to form a new and larger municipality Onsernone.

The municipality also contained the villages Vocaglia, Corbella, Cappellino and Spruga.

History
Comologno is first mentioned in 1438 as Comolognium.

During the Ancien Régime, Comologno belonged to the Squadra of Crana, which together with the other villages of the valley (with the exception of Auressio) formed the medieval municipality of Onsernone.  With the establishment of the Canton of Ticino in 1803, Comologno became an independent municipality.

Comologno formed an independent parish in 1715, when it separated from Russo.  The parish church of San Giovanni Battista, was built in 1668–1697.

With the emergence and development of rye straw processing in the 19th century, the population of Comologno increased rapidly.  However, in the following century, the decline of farming, animal husbandry and straw craft led to a rapid population decline.  Most of the working population works in industrial or service enterprises in the valley or commute to work in the agglomeration of Locarno.  Many residents emigrated to other countries in search of work.  Several families became wealthy in foreign countries, and used that wealth to build stately mansions in Comologno.  The largest is from the Remonda family, who in the second half of the 18th century, became wealthy in France.  Another notable mansion is the Palazzo (or Castello) della Barca which was acquired in the 1930s by Vladimir Rosenbaum for his wife Aline Valangin, a writer and artist.  It soon became a haven for artists and well-known anti-fascists, including Ignazio Silone, Ernesto Rossi, Kurt Tucholsky, Hans Marchwitza, Ernesto Bonaiuti, Max Terpis, Elias Canetti, Wladimir Vogel and Jean-Paul Samson.  Since the early 1970s, at the suggestion of the Associazione Amici di Comologno, various artists have decorated houses in the village with frescos.

Historic population
The historical population is given in the following table:

References

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Onsernone


Ginger Punch (foaled April 23, 2003, in Florida) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Owned and bred by operations belonging to automotive parts magnate Frank Stronach, she is out of the mare Nappelon and sired by the Canadian-bred Awesome Again, winner of his country's 1997 Queen's Plate and the 1998 Breeders' Cup Classic and who, as a sire,  has produced four Breeders' Cup winners including the 2004 World Champion, Ghostzapper.

Trained by Bobby Frankel, Ginger Punch raced in Kentucky in May 2006 at Churchill Downs, where she won her first race. She did not win again until October, when she captured an allowance race at Keeneland Race Course.

2007 racing season
Ginger Punch made her 2007 debut in April in the Grade II Madison Stakes on the Polytrack surface at Keeneland Race Course and finished second to Ventura, the winner of the 2008 Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint race under jockey Rafael Bejarano.  In May, she won an allowance race at Churchill Downs, then on June 16 at Belmont Park in New York, under jockey David Flores, she finished second by a neck in the 1 1/16-mile Ogden Phipps Handicap.

On July 8, 2007, under regular jockey Rafael Bejarano, Ginger Punch earned the first stakes victory of her career when she won the 7 furlong First Flight Handicap at Belmont Park by five lengths. Three weeks later, at Saratoga Race Course she got her first Grade I win, capturing the 9-furlong Go For Wand Handicap by again by six lengths. On September 30 in the Beldame Stakes, Ginger Punch was sent off as the betting favorite and finished third.

For the annual Breeders' Cup, owner Frank Stronach usually nominates twenty to thirty percent of his large stable of foals, but Ginger Puch had not been one of them. Despite her loss in the Beldame Stakes, trainer Bobby Frankel convinced Stronach to pay the $180,000 supplemental fee in order for her to run in late October's Breeders' Cup Distaff at Monmouth Park. Heavy rains left the Monmouth track in a very muddy condition. Previously, the only time Ginger Punch had ever failed to finish in the top three was on a similarly sloppy track. However, in the race she won a muddy stretch duel with Hystericalady and held off a late charge from third-place finisher Octave to capture the $2 Million Breeders' Cup Distaff.  Ginger Punch was named Champion Older Female in the 2007 Eclipse Awards.

2008 racing season
Having finished either first or second in 18 of her 22 career starts, Ginger Punch continued to race at age five. She made her debut on January 26, 2008, with a 6 ¾ lengths win in the Sunshine Millions Distaff.  In the Grade I Apple Blossom Handicap on April 5, she finished third to then-undefeated multiple Grade I winner Zenyatta. On June 14, 2008, she took the Grade I Ogden Phipps Handicap by five or more lengths in a hand ride.  On July 26, 2008, she took the Go For Wand Handicap for the second consecutive time, splitting horses for the lead.  On August 22, 2008, she outran Lemon Drop Mom to win the Grade I Personal Ensign Handicap by a head bob. Frankel then decided to point his champion mare to the Grade I Beldame Stakes and Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic to attempt to become the leading female purse winner in North America. However, on a sloppy track at Belmont Park on September 27, Ginger Punch finished a neck behind Cocoa Beach in the $600,000 Beldame Stakes. On October 24, she was fifth in a strong field of eight Grade I winners: Zenyatta, Cocoa Beach, Music Note, Carriage Trail, and Hystericalady (Carriage Trail and Hystericalady were in a dead heat for 4th place) in the Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic.

Ginger Punch was a finalist for the Eclipse Award's American Champion Older Female Horse for 2008.

Stud career
Ginger Punch was retired to broodmare duties in 2009. She was bred to Bernardini and was sold for $1.6 million to Katsumi Yoshida of Northern Farm in Japan while in foal. In Japan, Ginger Punch has foaled 9 horses as of 2023. Of these, the most successful is Potager, by Deep Impact, who won the Osaka Hai in 2022. Another successful horse Ginger Punch foaled was Rouge Buck, a filly by Manhattan Cafe, who was named Rouge Buck. Rouge Buck has won several graded races, most notably the Sankei Sho All Comers in 2017 and the Mainichi Okan in 2016.

Pedigree

References

2003 racehorse births
Thoroughbred family 16-d
Racehorses bred in Florida
Racehorses trained in the United States
Breeders' Cup Distaff winners
Eclipse Award winners


Antonio Comellas y Cluet (16 January 1832, in Berga – 3 June 1884, in Berga) was a philosopher.

Comellas studied philosophy and theology in Vic, and entered the diocesan seminary in Solsona, Lleida. After his ordination (17 May 1856) he continued to teach Latin at Solsona until 1862, when he was appointed professor of theology. During his stay there he published two pamphlets. The first was a discourse, delivered at the opening of the scholastic term, 1866–67, in which he tried to explain in a new manner the procession of the Holy Trinity, and the second a translation, accompanied by prologue and notes, of a work by Reginald Baumstark, Pensamientos de un protestante sobre la invitación del papa á la reconciliación con la Iglesia católica romana (Barcelona, 1869).

To be able to devote himself to his chosen line of work, a few months after the appearance of his philosophical work, he resigned his chair of theology in 1871, and withdrew to Berga. Before 1880 he published Demostración de la armonía entre la religión católica y la ciencia, a work of an apologetic nature, written to refute John William Draper's Conflict Between Science and Religion. In 1883 he wrote his philosophical work, Introducción á la filosofía, ó sea doctrina, sobre la dirección al ideal de la ciencia (Barcelona). Gómez Izquierdo, his biographer, says, that "as a philosopher, he [Comellas] was the only thinker who obeying the impulse of his scientific inquisitiveness, rather than the influence and stimulus of those about him, devoured all the most interesting philosophical literature of Europe of his time" and that "in his active mind the echoes of the spiritualism of the Catalan School and the first murmurs of the Thomistic revival reverberated". Some view him as one of the precursors of Neo-Scholasticism in Spain.

References
GÓMEZ IZQUIERDO, Un filosófo catalán, Antonio Comellas y Cluet in Cultura española (Madrid, 1907);

1832 births
1884 deaths
Philosophers from Catalonia
19th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
People from Berguedà


Crana is a village and former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

In 1995 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Comologno and Russo to form a new and larger municipality Onsernone.

History
Crana is first mentioned in 1228 as Grana.  In 1265 it was mentioned as Crana.

During the Ancien Régime, Crana belonged to the Squadra of Crana which included the territory of Vocaglia, Comologno and Spruga, and was part of the old municipality of Onsernone.  The modern village was created during the institutional changes of the Act of Mediation in 1803.  Crana is known for the over 5,000 holders of heimatrecht in the village.  The heimatrecht is similar to place of birth in other countries, and the heimatort is used on Swiss passports.  A person maintains their heimatort regardless of whether they have ever lived in the municipality.  The reason for the high number of heimatrecht holders is that the village sold the heimatrecht, which conferred local citizenry (and thus Swiss citizenship) to help make up for the low village income.

The parish was created in 1787 when the village split away from the Russo parish.  The Church of SS Peter and Paul was built in 1676.

The present population is made up of retirees and commuters who work in the Onsernone valley and in the agglomeration of Locarno.

Historic population
The historical population is given in the following table:

References

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Onsernone


Ahmadpur is a medium-sized village founded in the Mughal region during the rule of Akbar (one of the prominent Mughal emperor) in 1580s. It is located in the district Barabanki of Uttar Pradesh, the northern province of India. Its population is estimated to be about 10,000.
Before its establishment there was forest, where the small war was fought between Sayed Salar Masood Gazi's forces and tribal forces in 1032 CE.Historical records start with an ancient unknown mazar (mausoleum) or mosque called Rozahi, situated northwest of the Ahmadpur.

Sayed Meera Mahmood Muhakkikul Akbar (famous as Dada Miyan, a famous Sufi saint from Nisapur, a city in Iran) came to India and gave spiritual teachings to people. His mazar is situated at Mohalla Talyani, at the end of the village. Mughal emperors Akbar and Aurangzeb both visited Dada Miya's mazar in Ahmadpur. Another Sufi saint, Sayed Alauddin Muhammad Gauri, came to Ahmadpur from Afghanistan under the reign of Alauddin Khalji. His mazar is situated behind Eak Minara Masjid and is called "Peer Gauri." In 1974, the Grand Mufti of India, Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri (also called Mufti E Azam Hind) traveled to Ahmadpur twice and stayed for three days.

Islamic Madrasa Islamia Ahle Sunnat Mazharul Uloom, established before 1936, is located in the middle of Ahmadpur village. Jama Masjid, which is famous as Bari Masjid, (1835) is the largest mosque of village.There are three other mosques present in the region. The oldest one is Gauri Masjid or Eik Minara Masjid (1580s), followed by Madina Masjid(1890) and Faisal Masjid. Ancient Kabristan is present outside of the village called 'Bitahri.'  In the month of Muharram, majlis known as "Jasn-e-Imam Hussain" are organized. On the tenth day of Muharram, Ashura, processions used to march around the kasbah, ending at Karbala beside Edgah.The Chahullum-Mela is Ahmadpur's main celebration, held annually on the 20th of Safar. There are also processions and celebrations on the 12th of Rabi-ul-Awal, Prophet Muhammad's day of birth. It is said that Sikh leader Guru Nanak also visited Ahmadpur and stayed at a place called Madh. On Thursdays and Sundays, a large market is organized in the middle of the village. Visitors from surrounding small villages often visit to shop.

Eid, Bakreed, Muharram (Yome Ashura), Id-e-Milad, Chahullum and Urs of Dada-Miya are festivals and programs of Ahmadpur.

A primary school for grades 1 through 8 has just been established in the village. A Government Intermediate College is also present.

On the crossing from the village to the Faizabad National Highway, there is a toll booth, Ahmadpur Toll Plaza.

References

Villages in Barabanki district


Bishi Bhattacharya, typically known mononymously as Bishi, is a British, London-based, singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, multimedia performer, producer, composer and DJ of Bengali heritage. She is the artistic director and co-founder of WITCiH, The Women in Technology Creative Industries Hub, a platform to increase the visibility of women at the intersection of music, creative technology and STEM. Bishi was first recognised in 2001 as the central DJ and 'face' of London's experimental underground nightclub, Kash Point.

History
Born in London to a Bengali family, musician, artist and performer Bishi was classically trained in piano and received voice training in both Hindustani and Western Classical styles. Her mother, Susmita Bhattacharya, is an acclaimed classical Indian singer and expert in the music of Rabindranath Tagore.

Bishi received training in the sitar under Gaurav Mazumdar, a senior disciple of Ravi Shankar. Bishi's panoramic exploration of vocal music has reached as far as singing with The London Bulgarian Choir and drawing on ancient English folk music to exploring the extended techniques of Meredith Monk.

Bishi began her musical career in The Sound Storm – an improvised electro-acoustic performance art troupe led by London night club legend Matthew Glamorre and his longtime collaborator Richard Torry; two of the original members of Leigh Bowery's performance art band, Minty. Whilst in her teens, she helped initiate various cult queer London nightclubs such as classical music soirée The Siren Suite and Kash Point, as an artist & DJ in residence. With creative partner Matthew Hardern, she has released two albums in collaboration: Nights at The Circus and Albion Voice.

Her first album Nights at the Circus was described as "Falling somewhere between M.I.A. and Simon and Garfunkel via a stint at music college," with Bishi being hailed as "a welcome breath of hair."  The album was performed in its entirety with the strings of the London Symphony Orchestra in June 2008 at LSO St Luke's. Also in 2008 she was asked to join a tour of the English female singers 'The Daughters of Albion' alongside the likes of Norma Waterson and June Tabor. She has toured and collaborated with close friend Patrick Wolf and ex-Moloko singer Roisin Murphy. She appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on Friday 3 October, singing "Never Seen Your Face".

Media appearances include the BBC's Culture Show and Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. She has attracted critical attention and was nominated for the 2008 South Bank Show Awards – the 'Times Breakthrough Award'.

Bishi is characterised by her glamorous and extravagant stage appearance. Her stage commissions and live collaborators have included the London Symphony Orchestra, the English National Opera, the Brooklyn Youth Chorus, the Whitechapel Gallery, Joanna MacGregor, Nico Muhly, Martin Carthy and Norma Waterson. She appeared as a guest at the live premiere of Double Fantasy for Yoko Ono's Meltdown at the Royal Festival Hall in 2013.

Bishi's live performances explore interactive multimedia and film. Albion Voice was featured in Julien Temple's film London The Modern Babylon. Dia Ti Maria, featuring The Kronos Quartet, won best soundtrack for the Manish Arora film Holi Holy at ASVOFF 6: A Shaded View on Fashion Film 6. Bishi featured as a vocalist in Richard Grayson's video installation 'Nothing can Stop us Now,' which consisted of the song "Stalin Wasn't Stallin", made famous by Robert Wyatt, arranged by composer Leo Chadburn.

In 2018, National Sawdust commissioned Bishi to compose and premiere a new piece in New York for the opening of The FERUS Festival, which culminated in Bishi: The Good Immigrant, a song cycle composed for voice looper, sitar and electronics, co-produced with composer and sound artist Jeff Cook. The song cycle was inspired by The Good Immigrant, a collection of essays edited by Nikesh Shukla.

Other musical collaborators have included Anat Ben-David, with Bishi appearing as a vocalist in her opera Kairos. She was also one of the final collaborators of the Labour politician Tony Benn, who contributed spoken word to the single "Look The Other Way".

Bishi has also contributed Vocals to the Sean Lennon-composed soundtrack for the film Ava's Possessions and played sitar on the album Daphne and The Golden Chord, by Daphne Guinness, produced by Tony Visconti. She has recently supported opera punk-chanteuse Kristeen Young and Wolfgang Flür of legendary electronic music pioneers Kraftwerk.

She has also collaborated significantly to a number of pieces by composer Neil Kaczor, most notably "In Sleep", commissioned by the Science Gallery London. She arranged the Shakespeare Sonnet 43, "When most I wink, then do mine eyes best see", for 13 voices. The live presentation utilised the sound of Bishi's brainwaves, recorded from a session conducted with the Evelina sleep clinic, at Guy's Hospital. In 2016,  Bishi was commissioned by The Old Church, in Stoke Newington, to make music in response to an interactive wind harp, created by Output Arts. The result, Winds of Fate, has now been released a digital EP.

In March 2021, she performed "Don't Shoot the Messenger" on BBC Radio 4's Loose Ends.

Bishi's third album 'Let My Country Awake' was released in 2021 on Gryphon Records.

Discography
Albums
Nights at the Circus (2007)
Albion Voice (2012)
Let My Country Awake (2021)

EPs

Take Off (2003)
BitPop (2005)
Brainlove 7" Club No. 4 (2007)

Singles

"Never Seen Your Face" (2007)
"On My Own Again" (2008)
"One Nation (Under CCTV)" (2009)
"Dia Ti Maria" (2011)
"Winds of Fate" (2018)
"Don't Shoot The Messenger" (2020)

References

External links
Bishi's official website
Bishi's official LastFM page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from London
DJs from London
English people of Bengali descent
British DJs
British electronic musicians
British women singers
Electronic dance music DJs


James Township may refer to several places:

Canada
 James, Ontario, a township in Timiskaming District

United States
 James Township, Scott County, Arkansas
 James Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa
 James Township, Michigan

See also
 St. James Township (disambiguation)
 James (disambiguation)

Township name disambiguation pages


Tommy Duggan (31 August 1897 – 30 November 1961) was an American soccer outside right who played in both the National Association Football League and American Soccer League. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Duggan's early career is sketchy. He moved to the United States in 1911. The first team he is recorded as playing with is the Valley Boys, of an unknown league, in 1914. He then played for Babcock & Wilcox, West Hudson A.A. and Philadelphia Merchant Ship, all of the National Association Football League (NAFBL). He was with Babcock & Wilcox in December 1916. In March 1918, he was with West Hudson A.A. In 1921, the American Soccer League replaced the NAFBL. Duggan signed with the New York Field Club of the ASL and spent one season with them before bouncing from one team to another. He was with the Paterson F.C. in the 1922–1923 season, winning the 1923 National Challenge Cup, but was back with New York F.C. the next season. In 1924, the New York F.C. was sold to new ownership which renamed it Indiana Flooring. While Duggan began the season with Indiana, he moved to the New York Giants sixteen games into the season. Duggan then spent his longest time with an ASL team, not leaving the Giants until three games into the 1926–1927 season. He moved to the Newark Skeeters before moving to the New York Nationals for the start of the 1927–1928 season, but was back in Newark after only two games. He then played the 1929–1930 season with the New York Giants. According to the National Soccer Hall of Fame, he also played for Newark Portuguese.

Duggan was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1955.

References

External links
 National Soccer Hall of Fame profile

1897 births
1961 deaths
English men's footballers
National Association Football League players
Babcock & Wilcox (soccer) players
West Hudson A.A. players
Philadelphia Merchant Ship players
American Soccer League (1921–1933) players
New York Field Club players
Paterson F.C. (NAFBL) players
Indiana Flooring players
New York Giants (soccer) players
Newark Skeeters players
New York Nationals (ASL) players
New York Giants (soccer, 1930–1932) players
Newark Portuguese players
National Soccer Hall of Fame members
Men's association football forwards
British emigrants to the United States
Footballers from Liverpool


Leaves Green is a village in Greater London within the London Borough of Bromley.

The village lies on the Bromley to Westerham road (A233), adjacent to the north-western perimeter of Biggin Hill Airport. It is some  south of Bromley and  north of Biggin Hill.

Leaves Green village has a large (and eponymous) village green which straddles the A233. This is the location for one of London's coal tax posts (number 186) which formerly denoted the boundary of the area in which the City of London Corporation was empowered to collect duty on coal.
 The post is also depicted on the village sign.

Local politics
Leaves Green is in the Orpington constituency, the safest Conservative Parliamentary seat in London.

It is also part of the largest ward in Greater London, the Darwin (ward), which covers a rural area including Downe, Cudham, Leaves Green, Single Street, Berry's Green, and Westerham Hill.

One councillor is elected every four years to Bromley London Borough Council. To date, the Darwin (ward), which is Greater London's largest Ward, has only been represented by the Conservative Party.

References

Villages in London
Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Bromley
Villages in the London Borough of Bromley


Lerala is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located at the south-eastern end of the Tswapong Hills,  from the Limpopo River and the border with South Africa and approximately  east of Palapye. The population of Lerala was 6,871 in the 2011 census, which was a 20.5% increase from the 2001 population.

An Australian company, DiamonEx Limited, opened a diamond mine  north-west of the village. The mine initially known as Martins Drift Diamond Project opened early 2008 and was to employ 230–290 people to produce an estimated  per year.
Previously a joint company between De Beers and the Botswana government operated between 1998–2001 a smaller exploratory diamond mine at the same site. In February 2009 the mine was placed under Judicial Management due to very high operational costs and the world economic crunch. The company then had to seek permission to be placed under judicial management from the High Court. DiamonEx, which had already been listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) also had the trading of their shares suspended as a consequence. In 2011, a UK based diamond company Mantle Diamonds bought the Lerala mine from DiamonEx Botswana which was in financial difficulties due to the global economic crisis. In 2014, the Lerala Mine changed ownership again after another Australian company, Kimberly Diamonds acquired Mantle Diamonds. The mine started operating in August 2015. By May 2017 Lerala Diamond Mines Limited, the Botswana-based subsidiary of Kimberly Diamonds Limited, was placed under judicial management, after being forced to suspend operations, because of inability to source the required funds to continue its operations. The mine was being closed for the third time in its history, after closures in February 2009 and also in July 2012.

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


Hakusan  can refer to:

Mount Haku, located in the Chūbu region  of Japan, one of Japan's "Three Holy Mountains"
Hakusan National Park, a national park surrounding Mount Hakusan
Hakusan, Ishikawa, a city located in Ishikawa, Japan
Hakusan, Mie, a former town located in Mie, Japan

Mount Hakusan (Hyōgo), a mountain located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
Hakusan Station (Tokyo), a metro station in Tokyo, Japan


Jamestown Township may refer to:

 Jamestown Township, Steuben County, Indiana
 Jamestown Township, Howard County, Iowa
 Jamestown Charter Township, Michigan
 Jamestown Township, Blue Earth County, Minnesota
 Jamestown Township, Guilford County, North Carolina, in Guilford County, North Carolina

Township name disambiguation pages


John David Barfield (October 15, 1964 – December 24, 2016) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during three seasons (1989 to 1991) at the major league level for the Texas Rangers. He pitched in the affiliated minor leagues through 1997 and concluded his career the next year in the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He died in a shooting in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Early life
Barfield attended Pine Bluff High School in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He starred for the baseball team, which won a state championship. One of his teammates on the Pine Bluff baseball team was future Rangers pitcher Mike Jeffcoat. Barfield played college baseball at Crowder College in Neosho, Missouri, and at Oklahoma City University. He was drafted by the Rangers in the 11th round (267th overall) of the 1986 amateur draft.

Career
Barfield played his first professional season with the Class A-Advanced Daytona Beach Admirals and Salem Redbirds in . By 1988, he had advanced to the Class AA Tulsa Drillers, where he was on the pitching staff with future major leaguers Kevin Brown, Kenny Rogers and Steve Wilson. Barfield was a Texas League All-Star and finished with a 9–9 record with a 2.88 earned run average (ERA).

He made his MLB debut in 1989. He appeared in four games for the Rangers that year, two of them starts, and he gave up eight earned runs in  innings. The next year, he appeared in 33 games, all as a relief pitcher. In 1991, Barfield was the long reliever for the Rangers, but in June, with starting pitchers Bobby Witt and Scott Chiamparino on the disabled list, Barfield made his first start of the season. He pitched  innings and earned the win. He started several more games that season, but he developed a rib fracture which caused pain and poor pitching during his last three starts. In August, the injury sidelined him for the rest of the season.

Between 1992 and 1997, pitched for minor league affiliates of several organizations and spent some time in the Mexican League. His last season in the affiliated minor leagues was with the Buffalo Bisons, the Triple-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians. In 1998, he pitched in the independent Atlantic League for the Newark Bears and the Atlantic City Surf, winning one of his seven decisions that year.

Death
Barfield was shot during a dispute at his apartment in downtown Little Rock, Arkansas, on December 24, 2016. He was taken to a hospital, where he died during surgery. A 59-year-old acquaintance named William Goodman, who was the estranged husband of Barfield's girlfriend Mystic Goodman, was arrested and charged with first-degree murder. On August 10, 2017, Goodman was convicted of manslaughter after a Pulaski County jury concluded that the killing was reckless but not deliberate and Goodman was sentenced to the maximum 25 years in prison with a $10,000 fine. Goodman was sentenced to 10 years for manslaughter and 15 years for firearm enhancement, with the sentences to be served consecutively.

References

External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)

1964 births
2016 deaths
2016 murders in the United States
Algodoneros de Unión Laguna players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American manslaughter victims
Atlantic City Surf players
Baseball players from Arkansas
Birmingham Barons players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Caribes de Oriente players
Charlotte Rangers players
Crowder Roughriders baseball players
Daytona Beach Admirals players
Deaths by firearm in Arkansas
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nashville Sounds players
Newark Bears players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Oklahoma City Stars baseball players
People murdered in Arkansas
Salem Redbirds players
San Antonio Missions players
Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo players
Texas Rangers players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Tulsa Drillers players
Sportspeople from Pine Bluff, Arkansas


Majwanaadipitse is a village in Central District of Botswana, located  north of Palapye. The villager has a primary school. The population was 425 in the 2001 census.

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


Chardonney-sur-Morges is a village and former municipality in the district of Morges in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1324 as Chardonne.

The municipality had 58 inhabitants in 1798, which increased to 60 in 1860 and 66 in 1960.

In 1961 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Bussy-sur-Morges to form a new and larger municipality Bussy-Chardonney. This union had formerly existed before 1744 and between 1799 and 1819.

The village is served by a station on the Bière–Apples–Morges railway.

References

Villages in the canton of Vaud
Former municipalities of the canton of Vaud


Bussy-sur-Morges is a village and former municipality in the district of Morges in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1059 as Bussi.

In 1961, the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Chardonney-sur-Morges to form a new and larger municipality Bussy-Chardonney. This union had formerly existed before 1744 and between 1799 and 1819.

The village is served by a station on the Bière–Apples–Morges railway.

References

Villages in the canton of Vaud
Former municipalities of the canton of Vaud


Dimajwe is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located 110 km south-west of Francistown, and it has a primary school. The population was 1,017 at the 2001 census, with 48% being male and 52% being female.

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


The Mental Health Act 2007 (c 12) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It amended the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It applies to people residing in England and Wales. Most of the Act was implemented on 3 November 2008.

It introduced significant changes which included:

 Introduction of Supervised Community Treatment, including Community Treatment Orders (CTOs). This new power replaces supervised discharge with a power to return the patient to hospital, where the person may be forcibly medicated, if the medication regime is not being complied with in the community.
 Redefining professional roles: broadening the range of mental health professionals who can be responsible for the treatment of patients without their consent.
 Creating the role of approved clinician, which is a registered healthcare professional (social worker, nurse, psychologist or occupational therapist) approved by the appropriate authority to act for purposes of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended).
 Replacing the role of approved social worker by the role of approved mental health professional; the person fulfilling this role need not be a social worker.
 Nearest relative: making it possible for some patients to appoint a civil partner as nearest relative.
 Definition of mental disorder: introduce a new definition of mental disorder throughout the Act, abolishing previous categories
 Criteria for Involuntary commitment: introduce a requirement that someone cannot be detained for treatment unless appropriate treatment is available and remove the treatability test.
 Mental Health Tribunal (MHT): improve patient safeguards by taking an order-making power which will allow the current time limit to be varied and for automatic referral by hospital managers to the MHT.
 Introduction of independent mental health advocates (IMHAs) for 'qualifying patients'.
 Electroconvulsive Therapy may not be given to a patient who has capacity to refuse consent to it, and may only be given to an incapacitated patient where it does not conflict with any advance directive, decision of a donee or deputy or decision of the Court of Protection.

Controversy

During the Act's development, there were concerns expressed that the changes proposed by the Mental Health Bill were draconian. As a result, the government was forced in 2006 to abandon their original plans to introduce the Bill outright and had to amend the 1983 Act instead. Despite this concession, the Bill was still defeated a number of times in the House of Lords, prior to its receiving Royal Assent.

, the Green Party supported a reform of the Mental Health Act in order to remove transgender people from the Psychiatric Disorder Register, which they view as discriminatory.

See also
 Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness adopted by the United Nations General Assembly

References

External links
Mental Health Act 2007: Overview Article on the Act from WikiMentalHealth
CSIP Implementing the amended Mental Health Act from NIMHE
Mental Health Act 1983 from WikiMentalHealth Shows how the 2007 Act has updated the 1983 Act.
Select Committee on the Mental Capacity Act 2005 -  Report, post-legislative scrutiny (www.parliament.uk)
The Mental Health Act 1983, amended in 2007 Overview for mental health service users and their families.
Institute of Mental Health Act Practitioners
https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Applying%20for%20Approved%20Clinician%20Approval.pdf

Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning England and Wales
Mental health law in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2007


Pi Mu, (), was an honor society for medical students, founded in 1892.  It merged with Phi Chi, a similar society, in 1922.

History
Pi Mu was an honor society for medical students, founded on  at the University of Virginia. Its Founders were:
 John W. Mallet
 Hugh I. Cummings
 Powell C. Fauntleroy
 Hugh T. McGuire
 E. L. Hobson
 Nicholas Wothington
 Rawley Penick
 Charles E. Marrow
 James S. Irving
 Rawley Martin
 Hugh H. Duke.

Dr. Mallet designed the name and motto.

Merger
In November 1921, Dave F. Dozier, Pi Delta Phi '26, of Phi Chi Medical Fraternity and J. P. Williams of Pi Mu jointly instituted unofficial negotiations for a merger of Pi Mu and Phi Chi. This conference culminated in an agreement of merger signed October 7, 1922, in Richmond, Virginia, by Albert F. Saunders for Phi Chi and J. Blair Fitts for Pi Mu. Also participating in the arrangements of merger were Dave F. Dozier, Pi Delta Phi, and William I. Owens, Theta Eta chapter, for Phi Chi and J. P. Williams of Pi Mu.  Under the arrangements of merger, members of the Beta chapter and Gamma chapter of Pi Mu were initiated into Theta Eta chapter of Phi Chi, and Alpha chapter of Pi Mu was installed as Pi Mu chapter of Phi Chi, October 14, 1922.  Alumni of Pi Mu became associate members of Pi Mu of Phi Chi: they were obligated to become life subscribers to the Phi Chi QUARTERLY and membership cards of Phi Chi were issued to those who so subscribed; these associate members were granted the right to wear the badge of Phi Chi although the Pi Mu official badge was to remain "official" for all Pi Mu alumni graduating prior to July 1, 1922.

Through this amalgamation Phi Chi received from Pi Mu all her interests and was free to accept any part of the ritual and constitution.  Phi Chi also agreed to sponsor the Pi Mu honor system.  Through this merger Phi Chi attained a chapter roll of 51 and a membership of 12,180.

Symbolism
The Pi Mu badge was a Greek cross with skull and bones at the center. The skull was set with emerald eyes and the letters  displayed on the horizontal arm of the cross.

Chapter
The ΠΜ fraternity consisted of the following chapters before merging with ΦΧ:

The Journal- annual publication begun in 1908

The crest of Pi Mu: a caduceus at the top of a shield with the Latin phrase "Semper Ad Honorem." and the Greek letters beneath.

The design of the Phi Chi pledge button was changed at the time of the Pi Mu merger in 1922 to honor the Pi Mu honor system.  The badge of Pi Mu, a Greek cross carrying the skull and crossbones in addition to the Greek letters ΠΜ, by agreement became Phi Chi's pledge button with the substitution of a caduceus and the letters ΦΧ in silver on a field of green.

References

Phi Chi
Honor societies
Defunct fraternities and sororities
1892 establishments in Virginia
Student organizations established in 1892
Professional medical fraternities and sororities in the United States


Gojwane is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located 90 km south of Francistown, approximately halfway to Palapye, and it has a primary school. The population was 1,041 in 2001 census.

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


KSJM may refer to:

 KSJM (FM), a radio station (89.1 FM) licensed to St. James, Minnesota, United States
 KWLS, a radio station (107.9 FM) licensed to Wichita, Kansas, United States, which held the call sign KSJM from 2000 to 2007


Juan Zanelli  (1906–1944) was a Chilean racecar driver. He was born in Iquique, Chile in 1906. He raced in Grand Prix motor racing and hillclimbs from 1929 to 1936. In a Bugatti he won the 1929 and 1930 Bugatti GP at Le Mans, finished 8th in Alessandria in 1929 and 2nd in 1930, 2nd at the 1929 Marne GP and 3rd at the 1930 French GP at Pau. He won the 1933 Penya Rhin Grand Prix in Barcelona, Spain in an Alfa Romeo.

Zanelli won the Racing Cars division of the 1931 European Hillclimb Championship.

He died during a fight between members of the French Resistance (of which he was part of), and members of the Gestapo, in the streets of Toulouse, France in 1944.

References

! colspan="3" style="background: #99ff66;" | Sporting achievements

1906 births
1944 deaths
Chilean racing drivers
Bugatti people
European Championship drivers
Grand Prix drivers
French Resistance members
Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
French civilians killed in World War II

Sportspeople from Iquique


Envy is a village and former municipality in the district of Orbe in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1216 as Envi.

The municipality had 58 inhabitants in 1764, which increased to 61 in 1798 and 90 in 1850. It then decreased to 88 in 1900 and 45 in 1960.

In 1970 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Romainmôtier to form a new and larger municipality Romainmôtier-Envy.

References

Villages in the canton of Vaud
Former municipalities of the canton of Vaud


Moreomabele is a village in Central District of Botswana. It is located 75 km north of Palapye, along the road from Palapye to Francistown, and it has a primary school. The population was 478 in 2001 census.

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


Stephen Douglas Brady (born November 23, 1969) is an American former Major League Baseball second baseman. He played during one season at the major league level for the Chicago White Sox, and one season in the Korea Baseball Organization for the Lotte Giants.

He was drafted by the White Sox in the 12th round of the 1991 amateur draft. Brady played his first professional season with their Class-A (Short Season) Utica Blue Sox in , and his last affiliated season with the White Sox's Triple-A Nashville Sounds in . In , he played for Lotte in the KBO.

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Major League Baseball second basemen
Chicago White Sox players
Lotte Giants players
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
KBO League infielders
Baseball players from Illinois
Utica Blue Sox players
South Bend White Sox players
Sarasota White Sox players
Gulf Coast White Sox players
Nashville Sounds players
Birmingham Barons players
Atlantic City Surf players
Liberty Flames baseball players
Sportspeople from Jacksonville, Illinois


Paulerspury is a civil parish and small village in West Northamptonshire, England. It is approximately  south of Towcester and  north of Milton Keynes along the A5 road (which follows the course of the Roman Road of Watling Street). The parish also contains the hamlets or villages of Pury End, Pury Hill and Heathencote; at the time of the 2001 census, its population was 991 people. The 2011 population was 1,018.

History

The villages name was originally, simply 'pear-tree' with the later incorporation of the de Pavelli family name.

The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Paveli's Peri – a reference to orchards in the area and the lord of the manor Paveli. It was the birthplace in 1761 of William Carey, son of a weaver, who first established the Protestant mission in India.

In the 1800s, the place was known as Pauler's Perry.

Paulerspury has known significant historical events. Although the site of the final battle of Queen Boudicca is not confirmed, one of the three locations believed most likely is Cuttle Mill in Paulerspury. During Elizabethan times, the lords of the manor, the Throckmortons became prominent nobles, and local legend has it that the Queen and her favourite Sir Walter Raleigh stayed in the village (which led to the marriage of Bess Throckmorton to Sir Walter). The restored church has a Norman font and displays good Early English work. The effigies of Sir Arthur Throckmorton (1626) and his lady lie on a long tomb. There are also two rare wooden figures, representing Sir Laurence de Paveley (1329) and his wife.

During the Industrial Revolution, little industry developed in the area, it mostly being an agricultural community, and the main produce other than agriculture was lace. It has been claimed  that Queen Victoria favoured Paulespury lace. This led to an impoverished community as lacemaking was superseded by mass-produced textiles. This is in stark contrast to the village of today, which is a wealthy commuter village for Milton Keynes and London.

Governance
The village has an elected Parish Council. It is in South Northamptonshire parliamentary constituency.

Amenities
Paulerspury has a Church of England primary school, and the Barley Mow pub. It is the home of the Grafton Hunt and the headquarters of the Rolls-Royce Enthusiasts' Club.

Notable residents
Edward Bernard (1638–1697), English scholar, Savilian professor of astronomy at the University of Oxford from 1673 to 1691, was born in the village.
Sir Benjamin Bathurst (1639 – 1704), British politician, Governor of the East India and Levant companies and a Cofferer of the Royal Household; former lord of the manor.
William Carey (1761-1834), English missionary to India

References

External links

Paulerspury parish website
 Interesting information at waymarking.com

Villages in Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire District
Civil parishes in Northamptonshire


Paul Raynor (3 September 1957, in Chester – 20 November 2010) was a professional footballer who played as a full back. He spent his entire professional career with hometown club Chester City, where he made 200 Football League appearances in two spells.

Playing career
Raynor was a product of Chester's youth set-up, signing professional forms in September 1975. Earlier in the year he had made his first-team debut for the club in a Welsh Cup tie against Oswestry Town, with his second appearance also coming in the same competition against Cardiff City in April 1976.

His Football League debut arrived in a 2–1 win at Crystal Palace on 4 September 1976, one of 17 league appearances he made during the 1976–77 season. The following campaign, saw him become a regular by making 34 league appearances, a figure that rose to 37 in each of the next two campaigns. He scored his first goal away to Chesterfield in November 1978, the only one of his 10 first-team strikes (nine in the league) for the club that did not come from the penalty spot. He remained a regular before leaving the club after relegation to Division Four in 1982, with the majority of his appearances having been in the number 2 shirt.

Raynor played for non-league side Oswestry Town He was with them for only a couple of months in 1982 then joined Swindon town in 1983 for a spell then in 1984 he rejoined Chester on non-contract terms  ahead of the 1983–84 season. He played three league matches and a League Cup tie at the start of the season but did not play again.

He then joined the Cheshire Constabulary until he died suddenly on Saturday 20 November 2010 following a protracted illness.

References

1957 births
2010 deaths
Footballers from Chester
Men's association football fullbacks
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Chester City F.C. players
Oswestry Town F.C. players


Beaumaris ( ;  ) was a parliamentary borough in Anglesey, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1553, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885, when the constituency was abolished. After 1832, the constituency was usually known as the Beaumaris District of Boroughs or simply the Beaumaris Boroughs.

History
As elsewhere in Wales, the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 provided Anglesey with two members of parliament, one representing the county and the other representing a borough constituency named after the county town but including other "contributory boroughs" who were jointly responsible for providing for the upkeep of the MP and, in return, were granted a say in his election. However, at this period two towns, Beaumaris and Newborough, were disputing the right to be considered Anglesey's county town: under Henry VIII, Newborough was the assize town, but early in the reign of Edward VI (1547–1553) this function was transferred to Beaumaris. The new constituency was designated as Beaumaris, with Newborough as its only contributory borough, and first returned an MP in 1542; but at the same time as the assize was transferred, Newborough was also relieved of the obligation to contribute to the wages of the MP for Beaumaris which, under the terms of the relevant statute, also extinguished its right to vote in his election. Porritt, the early 20th century expert on the history of the Unreformed House of Commons, concludes that "the probability is that Newborough broke the connection in a fit of ill-humour" rather than that it was contrived by Beaumaris; but within a few decades, as the desirability of being directly represented in Parliament became more widely recognised, Newborough was trying unsuccessfully to regain its former status. On several occasions until the early 18th century, Newborough's inhabitants attempted to vote, but had their votes refused by the returning officer and his decision was upheld by Parliament whenever they petitioned in objection.

The franchise was further restricted in 1562, when Elizabeth I granted Beaumaris a new municipal charter, which reserved the right to vote in parliamentary elections to members of the town corporation. Thereafter until 1832, Beaumaris was a closed "corporation borough" of a type common in England but unknown elsewhere in Wales; its only voters were the mayor, two bailiffs and 21 "capital burgesses", and since they had the sole right to fill any vacancies arising in their number their power was entirely self-perpetuating, making the constituency a completely safe pocket borough. For the best part of two centuries before the Great Reform Act of 1832, the nomination was in the hands of the Bulkeley family of Baron Hill, and the elections were never contested.

By 1831, the borough of Beaumaris had a population of 2,497 (though, still, only 24 voters). The Reform Act extended the franchise, and also added three contributory boroughs – Amlwch, Holyhead and Llangefni. This raised the population of the revised Beaumaris Boroughs constituency to 8,547, though the number of qualified voters on the register in 1832 was only 329. This was still in practice a pocket borough, and the first contested election did not take place until the further extension of the franchise by the Second Reform Act, which brought the electorate up to almost 2,000 in the elections from 1868.

The constituency was abolished in the redistribution of seats in 1885, being merged into the Anglesey county constituency.

Members of Parliament

1542–1640

Members for Newborough

Members for Beaumaris

1640–1885

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

Williams' death caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1850s

Elections in the 1860s

Elections in the 1870s

Elections in the 1880s

References

Sources

F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)

 J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
 Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
 Robert Walcott, English Politics in the Early Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)

Historic parliamentary constituencies in North Wales
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1536
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885
Beaumaris


Alan Butterworth Plaunt (March 25, 1904 – September 12, 1941) was a Canadian broadcasting pioneer, journalist and activist.

The son of a wealthy lumber family, Plaunt attended the University of Toronto and University of Oxford and was a keen observer of the fledgling British Broadcasting Corporation while in Britain becoming a believer in John Reith's approach to public broadcasting.

With Graham Spry, he founded the Canadian Radio League in 1930 to mobilize political support for the creation of a public broadcasting system, first in the form of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission in 1932 and then with the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1936. Plaunt sat on the original CBC Board of Governors from 1936 until  1941, when he resigned to protest what he saw as increasing government direction of the CBC during the war.

He was also an active socialist as a member of the League for Social Reconstruction and helped write the Regina Manifesto which was the original program of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.

Plaunt founded the New Canada Movement in 1933, an agrarian youth movement that advocated a "new deal" for farmers and promoted its views in the Farmer's Sun, (renamed New Commonwealth) the former journal of the United Farmers movement which he and Spry owned from 1932 until 1935.

In the last years of his life, Plaunt helped organize the Neutrality League, a pacifist organization that opposed Canadian participation in the looming conflict in Europe.

He died of cancer at the age of 37.

References

Further reading
 Nolan, Michael. Foundations: Alant Plaunt and the Early Days of C.B.C. Radio. Toronto, Ont.: C.B.C. Enterprises, 1986.

20th-century Canadian businesspeople
Canadian socialists
1904 births
1941 deaths
Canadian pacifists
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation people
Deaths from cancer in Canada
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation politicians
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom


Natalka Poltavka (, ) is a Ukrainian play written by Ivan Kotliarevsky.

The Opera in 2 acts, Natalka Poltavka, was the last scheduled performance by The Kyiv Opera Company at the National Opera House of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko in Kyiv,  before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

History
 The play was written in 1819 in the Ukrainian language, and first performed in 1821 in the city of Kharkiv (then a part of the Russian Empire), though it was not available in print until 1838. The play served as the basis for the operetta Natalka Poltavka by Ukrainian composer Mykola Lysenko, and it has also been made into a number of films in Ukraine and abroad. The play has the features of classicist poetics and also, in keeping with the spirit of Ukrainian national rebirth of the period in which it was written, a distinct interest in the lives of the common Ukrainian people and peasants. This latter element accounts for its great popularity in Ukraine both at the time of its writing and in the present day, and also its influence on the development of Ukrainian dramatic literature in the 19th century.

Plot

The play follows the trials and tribulations of Natalka and Peter (Petro). The sweethearts plan to get married; however, Natalka's father does not approve of the marriage because Petro is not affluent enough to keep Natalka in the manner he thought that she should be kept. Petro goes off to earn the required fortune. In the meantime, Natalka's father passes away, the family is left destitute and they are forced to move into poor peasant accommodations. With no news from Petro for five years, Natalka succumbs to her mother's wishes and finally accepts her next offer of marriage, which happens to come from an old, but relatively wealthy government official. Petro returns with the small fortune he has earned to discover that his beloved has promised herself in marriage to someone else. Tension increases until the lovers are once again united.  Amongst the apparent tragic circumstance of the lover's plight is the village comedy relief of the Russified Ukrainian government official who speaks in a broken language trying to unsuccessfully emulate the language of the Russian officials of the day.
 Ultimately, true love triumphs over all.

Film adaptations
The play was made into a film that was released on December 24, 1936 in Ukraine. The film was directed by Ivan Kavaleridze. This film was the first adaptation of an operetta produced in the former Soviet Union. Another film, directed by Ukrainian American Vasyl Avramenko, was released a year later on February 14, 1937 in the United States. This was the first Ukrainian language film produced in the U.S.

Opera adaptation

Although the first version of the play in 1819 contained a number of Ukrainian folk songs which were sung at different points throughout the work, the first known musical adaptation of the play was made by Kharkiv musician A. Barsytsky and was partly published in 1833. Simultaneously the play starring M. Shchepkin as Vyborny was premiered in Moscow in the 1830s with music arranged by the head violinist and later conductor A. Gurianov. Later arrangements were made by A. Yedlichka, M. Vasyliev and others.

In 1889 a version by the Ukrainian composer Mykola Lysenko premiered. This version upstaged all the previous versions of the work. Lysenko took the original songs from the play, which were lengthened and wrote orchestral accompaniments to these folk songs and dances in the play. He enlarged the musical tapestry producing background music to some parts. The songs were transformed into arias, an overture and musical entracts were added which stayed true to the spirit of Kotliarevsky's play. Although Lysenko's version is usually categorised as an operetta, it is more close to an opera-comique, containing long stretches of spoken dialogue.

in 2019 in Kharkiv the new opera Natalka Poltavka by Oleksandr Shchetynsky was performed at the festival Kharkiv Assemblies.

References

Ukrainian plays
Culture of Ukraine
Ukrainian works adapted into films
Plays adapted into operas


Below is a list of events in chess during the year 2008, and a list of the top ten players during that year:

Events
(Top events in bold)

January

 January 1 – Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) gains 14 rating points to move from number three to head the FIDE top 100 players lists at 2799. Viswanathan Anand (India) also at 2799 drops from first to second as he played fewer rated games in the previous reporting period. Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) is third at 2780.  Vassily Ivanchuk (Ukraine) loses 36 points to drop from number two to number nine.  As on the previous list, a rating of 2627 is required to place in the top 100.
 January 6 – 83rd Hastings International Congress ends in three-way tie between GM Vadim Malakhatko (Belgium), GM Nidjat Mamedov (Azerbaijan), and GM Valeriy Neverov (Ukraine).  Earlier in the tournament IM Simon Williams (England) achieved a performance that should qualify him for the Grandmaster title (rating temporarily over 2500, he already had the required norms).
 January 6 – 50th Reggio Emilia won by GM Zoltán Almási (Hungary).
 January 7 – 2nd ACP World Rapid Cup in Odesa won by GM Teimour Radjabov (Azerbaijan) over GM Alexander Grischuk (Russia) in a blitz playoff.
 January 9 – Asian Team Championships in Visakhapatnam men's and women's gold medal won by China, with India winning silver and Vietnam bronze in both events.
 January 11 – 2007/8 Australian Championship in Parramatta won by IM Stephen Solomon placing second (top finisher among Australians).  GM Dejan Antic (Serbia) won the tournament.
 January 12 – 33rd Ciudad de Sevilla won by GM Karen Movsziszian (Armenia).
 January 13 – 5th Estonia–Finland match on 100 boards in Tallinn won by Estonia 60.5–28.5.  (Finland was short of players, and only 89 games were played.)
 January 19 – Venezuelan Championship in San Felipe won by IM Eduardo Iturrizaga 10/11.  This is IM Eduardo Iturrizaga's third consecutive championship title.  WIM Maria Ubaldo won the women's championship for the second year in a row, 6.5/9.
 January 21 – 68th Armenian Championship in Yerevan won for the third time and the second consecutive year by GM Karen Asrian on tie-break over six-time champion GM Artashes Minasian.  Both scored 8/12 in a field of 13 with 11 GMs.  WIM Lilit Galojan is the 62nd women's champion on tie-break over WIM Siranush Andriasian.
 January 22 – Belarus Championship in Minsk won by GM Alexei Fedorov with 9.5/13.
 January 24 – Viswanathan Anand named CNN-IBN's Indian Sportsperson of 2007 in recognition of his 20-year career and 2007 World Championship title.
 January 25 – 115th New Zealand Championship in Auckland won by GM Murray Chandler with 9/11.
 January 27 – Corus 2008 (Wijk aan Zee) A-group (category 20) won by GM Levon Aronian (Armenia) and GM Magnus Carlsen (Norway), tied at 8/13.  This is the second time that the 25-year-old Aronian shared first place at this tournament.  Carlsen is only 17 years old.
 January 28 – Azerbaijan Championship in Baku won by GM Rauf Mamedov with 7/9.
 January 29 – Croatian Championship in Split won by GM Hrvoje Stevic with 8/12.
 January 31 – 6th Gibraltar Gibtelecom Chess Festival won by GM Hikaru Nakamura (USA) in a 2–0 playoff against GM Bu Xiangzhi (China) after both finished with 8/10.  IM Zhao Zong-Yuan became Australia's youngest ever GM at age 21 by scoring 6 in the first 9 rounds on the way to 6.5/10.
 Cuban Chess Championship won by Yuniesky Quesada.

February
 February 2 – "To Gligorić with Love", a rapid chess tournament in Pančevo honors Svetozar Gligorić (Serbia) on his 85th birthday.  The 85 player field includes 23 GMs, 21 IMs, 12 FMs, 4 WGMs, and 1 WIM.  Five players tie for first place, with GM Ivan Ivanišević (Serbia) winning the trophy.
 February 10 – 4th International Chess Festival Moscow Open held at the Russian State Social University won by GM Artyom Timofeev 7.5/9, overtaking the tournament leader GM Ernesto Inarkiev (7/9) by beating him in the final round in a 117-move game.  IM Anna Muzychuk wins the women's section with 8/9.  The tournament has a 5 million ruble prize fund (about US$205,760).
 February 15 – 45th Indian Championship in Chennai won by GM Surya Shekhar Ganguly on tie-break over IM K Rathnakaran after both scored 9/11.
 February 16 – British Chess Solving Championship has a field of 33, including all title British solvers and two overseas guests.  Former world solving champion Piotr Murdzia scores 59/65 to lead the field by 7 points.  Dolf Wissmann (Netherlands) and Jonathan Mestel share second place with 51, a half-point ahead of John Nunn, alone in fourth.  Mestel wins his 15th championship as the highest British scorer.
 February 17 – Four Nations Chess Challenge in Oslo won by Sweden.  England finishes second, followed by Latvia and Norway.
 February 19 – European Senior Team Championship in Dresden won by the Czech Republic team headed by Vlastimil Jansa.
 February 22 – Aeroflot Open in Moscow won by 17-year-old GM Ian Nepomniachtchi (Russia) with the score 7/9.  Regarded as the strongest open tournament in the world, the prize fund is US$200,000 with $30,000 for the winner.
 February 23 – 79th German Championship in Bad Woerishofen won by GM Daniel Fridman.
 February 24 – 60th Polish Women's Championship in Kraków won by IM Monika Soćko.

March
 March 1 – Icelandic Team Championship won by Taflfélag Reykjavikur over Hellir A.  Taflfélag Reykjavikur included six GMs and 3 IMs.  The World Junior Champion Ahmed Adly (Egypt) achieved the top board one performance, playing for Hellir A and scoring 3/3 (100%) with a performance rating of 3017.
 March 7 – Morelia/Linares won by Viswanathan Anand (India) scoring 8/14, a half-point ahead of Magnus Carlsen (Norway).
 March 2 – Romanian Championship in Cluj-Napoca won by GM Vladislav Nevednichy on tie-break with five players at 7/9.
 March 8 – 126th Varsity Match between the Cambridge University Chess Club and the Oxford University Chess Club held in London.  The match is drawn 4–4, leaving Cambridge in the all-time series lead with 56 wins to Oxford's 49, with 14 drawn matches.
 March 9 – 65th Polish Chess Championship in Lublin won by GM Bartosz Soćko with 9/13.
 March 9 – Finnish Team Championship won by Matinkylä for the first time since 1993, after placing second four consecutive times.
 March 12 – 65th Georgian Women's Championship in Tbilisi won by IM Nana Dzagnidze over WGM Salome Melia in a rapid playoff after both finished with 9/12.
 March 18 – Russian U-20 Championship in Saint Petersburg
 March 20 – Atatürk International Women's Masters in Istanbul won by 14-year-old WGM Hou Yifan (China) scoring 7/9 to finish a full point ahead of GM Pia Cramling (Sweden).
 March 24 – 72nd Bulgarian Men's Championship in Plovdiv won by GM Vasil Spasov scoring 9½/13.  WFM Elitsa Raeva wins the 57th Women's Championship also in Plovdiv, scoring 9/11.
 March 24 – Danish Championship in Silkeborg won by GM Peter Heine Nielsen who scored 7/9 in his first appearance in the championship in five years.
 March 24 – Doeberl Cup Premier in Canberra won by GM Varuzhan Akobian (USA) scoring 7/9.
 March 24 – Welsh Championship in Cardiff won jointly by IM Leighton Williams and FM James Cobb scoring 6/7.
 March 27 – Iranian Championship won by GM Ehsan Ghaem Maghami scoring 12/13.  Although Iran has five GMs he was the only GM in the event as the others declined to play due to lack of a cash prize.  WIM Atousa Pourkashiyan wins the Women's Championship scoring 8/11 to top a twelve-player field including one WGM, two WIMs, and four WFMs.
 March 28 – Amber Rapid and Blindfold in Nice won by GM Levon Aronian.  The blindfold section was a three-way tie, with Aronian, GM Vladimir Kramnik, and GM Alexander Morozevich all scoring 6/11.  Aronian won the rapid section with 7/11, 2 points ahead of four players tied for second.  The prize fund is €216,000 (approximately US$336,000).
 March 28 – Serbian Championship in Mataruška won by GM Ivan Ivanišević scoring 9/13.
 March 30 – 67th Georgian Championship won by GM Levan Pantsulaia by beating IM Giorgi Margvelashvili in the final. The championship is a knockout event with rapid playoff tie-break. Marvelashvili earned a GM norm.

April

 April 1 – Viswanathan Anand (India) regains the top spot on the FIDE ratings list as Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) falls to second place.  Seventeen-year-old Magnus Carlsen (Norway) enters the top ten for the first time, jumping eight spots to move to fifth, just 38 rating points below first.  Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine) is the next highest rated junior, 13th overall with a 2732 rating. Judit Polgár (Hungary) is the only woman in the top one hundred, with her 2709 rating earning 22nd place.  Humpy Koneru (India) is the second ranked woman rated over a hundred points lower at 2603.  Hou Yifan (China) moves up one position to fourth on the women's list at age fourteen years and one month.  Antoaneta Stefanova (Bulgaria) makes the largest jump on the women's list, gaining 74 rating points to climb from 24th up to 6th.
 April 1 – Chess Informant publishes its one-hundredth issue.
 April 4 – Turkish Championship in Ankara won by GM Mikhail Gurevich scoring 11/13, a half-point ahead of GM Suat Atalık.
 April 5 – 9th Internet Tournament Ciudad de Dos Hermanas won by defending champion Jorge Sammour-Hasbun, scoring 15/17.  Twenty-five-year-old Sammour-Hasbun (Zamora) is the former World Under-10 Champion but has no FIDE title.  Held on the Internet Chess Club, this event is the largest and most important internet chess tournament.  Total prize fund is €7700, with €2000 for the winner.
 April 9 – Serbian Women's Championship in Kać won by WGM Andjelija Stojanovic scoring 8/11.
 April 13 – Dutch Championship in Hilversum is twelve-player round-robin tournament with an average rating of 2536 (Category XII).  Twenty-one-year-old GM Daniël Stellwagen had a half-point lead with 7/10 going into the final round, but loses to 23-year-old GM Jan Smeets in the decisive game, giving Smeets the final score 7/11 for the half-point win and €10,000.  Peng Zhaoqin scores 8/9 to win the Dutch Women's Championship in Hilversum by 1 points. This is Zhaoqin's ninth consecutive women's championship and her tenth overall.
 April 13 – 2nd Ruy Lopez Masters in Mérida won by GM Michael Adams (England) scoring 5/7 to finish a half-point ahead of Zhang Pengxiang. The tournament was an eight player round-robin with an average rating of 2616 (FIDE category 15).
 April 14 – Russian Team Championships in Sochi won by Ural Yekaterinburg.  Composed of GMs Teimour Radjabov (2751), Alexei Shirov (2755), Gata Kamsky (2732), Alexander Grischuk (2711), Vladimir Malakhov (2689), Vladimir Akopian (2700), Alexey Dreev (2633), and Alexander Motylev (2644), it is the only team with an average rating over 2700.  The Women's Team Championship is won by Finec Saint Petersburg, composed of Ekaterina Korbut, Viktorija Čmilytė, Natalia Zhukova, Julia Demina, and Irina Turova.
 April 14 – 10th Dubai Open won by 14-year-old GM Wesley So (Philippines), the world's youngest GM, on tie-break over GMs Merab Gagunashvili (Georgia), Ehsan Ghaem Maghami (Iran) and Li Chao (China), all with 7/9.  A player from Iran is expelled from the tournament over accusations of cheating by receiving moves on a mobile phone sent by an accomplice using a chess computer.
 April 20 – 2007/8 Chess Bundesliga
 April 20 – 14th Ciudad de Dos Hermanas Rapid won by GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria), defeating GM Francisco Vallejo Pons (Spain) 2–1 in the final match by winning the first game and drawing the rest.  The first round matches of the four-player knockout rapid chess tournament were won by Topalov over GM Judit Polgár (Hungary) 2–1 and Vallejo over GM Alexei Shirov (Spain) 3–1.

May
 May 4 – 9th European Chess Championship in Plovdiv
 May 6 – FIDE Grand Prix in Baku, the first event in the FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2009
 May 17 – Dutch Team Championship
 May 18 – M-Tel Masters in Sofia

August
 August 9 – 95th British Championship in Liverpool
 August 17 – 8th European Individual Senior Championship in Davos.
 August 28 Start of Women's World Chess Championship 2008

October
 October 3 to 18 – First World Mind Sports Games held in Beijing, China
 October 14 – Start of Anand–Kramnik 2008 World Championship match in Bonn
 October 29 – Anand draws the eleventh game of his match with Kramnik to retain the World Championship title by the score 6–4 (+3−1=7).

Titles awarded

Grandmaster
In 2008 FIDE awarded the title Grandmaster to the following players:

 Yuriy Ajrapetjan (b. 1988)
 Ralf Appel (b. 1971)
 Axel Bachmann (b. 1989)
 Vinay Bhat (b. 1984)
 Dmitry Chuprov (b. 1978)
 Andrey Deviatkin (b. 1980)
 Anton Filippov (b. 1986)
 Avetik Grigoryan (b. 1989)
 Stewart Haslinger (b. 1981)
 Frank Holzke (b. 1971)

 Enamul Hossain (b. 1981)
 Valentin Iotov (b. 1988)
 Eduardo Iturrizaga (b. 1989)
 Miguel Llanes Hurtado (b. 1978)
 Konstantin Maslak (b. 1984)
 Jakob Meister (b. 1955)
 Oleg Nikolenko (b. 1959)
 Tomas Petrik (b. 1980)
 Markus Ragger (b. 1988)
 Eltaj Safarli (b. 1992)

 Ivan Salgado Lopez (b. 1991)
 Vigen Mirumian (b. 1977)
 Marie Sebag (b. 1986)
 Dmitriy Skorchenko (b. 1983)
 Sergey Vokarev (b. 1970)
 Yuri Vovk (b. 1988)
 Wen Yang (b. 1988)
 Simon Williams (b. 1979)
 Zhao Zong-Yuan (b. 1986)

Woman Grandmaster
In 2008 FIDE awarded the title Woman Grandmaster to the following players:

 Nino Batsiashvili (b. 1987)
 Elizaveta Borisova (b. 1984)
 Tatiana Fatianova (b. 1984)
 Mary Ann Gomes (b. 1989)

 Huang Qian (b. 1986)
 Monika Krupa (b. 1977)
 Eva Kulovana (b. 1987)
 Thanh Tu Le (b. 1985)

 Kateřina Němcová (b. 1990)
 Anna Rudolf (b. 1978)

Deaths
 January 17 – Bobby Fischer, 64, the 11th World Champion, dies in Iceland.
 May 24 – Bukhuti Gurgenidze, 74, Georgian GM and many time Georgian Champion.
 June 9 – Karen Asrian, 28, Armenian GM, three times Armenian Chess Champion, dies of a suspected heart attack in Yerevan.
 August 10 – Igor Zakharevich, 25, Russian GM.
 August 20 – Mario Bertok, 78, Croatian IM dies in a swimming accident in Jarun Lake, Zagreb.
 August 20/21 – Vladimir Bukal, 68, Croatian IM dies overnight in Zagreb.  Bukal won the 2002 European Senior Championship.
 November 29 – Robert Wade, 87, winner of multiple New Zealand and British chess championships, IM and International Arbiter, dies in London of pneumonia.
 December 10 – Mark Diesen, 51, American IM and 1976 World Junior Champion.
 December 20 – Albin Planinc, 64, Yugoslav/Slovenian GM.
 December 24 – Hugh Myers, 78, American master and writer on unorthodox openings, dies in Davenport, Iowa.

References

21st century in chess
Chess by year


Jasper Township may refer to:

Arkansas
 Jasper Township, Crawford County, Arkansas, in Crawford County, Arkansas
 Jasper Township, Crittenden County, Arkansas, in Crittenden County, Arkansas

Illinois
 Jasper Township, Wayne County, Illinois

Iowa
 Jasper Township, Adams County, Iowa
 Jasper Township, Carroll County, Iowa

Michigan
 Jasper Township, Michigan

Missouri
 Jasper Township, Dallas County, Missouri
 Jasper Township, Ozark County, Missouri, in Ozark County, Missouri
 Jasper Township, Jasper County, Missouri
 Jasper Township, Camden County, Missouri
 Jasper Township, Taney County, Missouri
 Jasper Township, Ralls County, Missouri

Ohio
 Jasper Township, Fayette County, Ohio

South Dakota
 Jasper Township, Hanson County, South Dakota, in Hanson County, South Dakota

Township name disambiguation pages


The 2008 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by head coach Gene Chizik, who had coached the Cyclones since 2007. They played their home games at Jack Trice Stadium in Ames, Iowa.

Schedule

Roster

Coaching staff

Gene Chizik: Head Coach (1 yr)
Robert McFarland: Offensive Coordinator (1 yr)
Wayne Bolt: Defensive Coordinator (1 yr)
Scott Fountain (TE/RC (2yr)

Game summaries

South Dakota State

Kent State

Iowa

UNLV

Kansas

Baylor

Nebraska

Texas A&M

#10 Oklahoma State

Colorado

#11 Missouri

Kansas State

After the season

Awards
No Cyclone player or coach won any awards this season.

References

Iowa State
Iowa State Cyclones football seasons
Iowa State Cyclones football


Johnny Renando Ruffin (born July 29, 1971) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played six seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Arizona Diamondbacks and Florida Marlins. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with the Kintetsu Buffaloes and one season in the KBO League for the SK Wyverns.

Career
Ruffin was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 4th round of the 1988 MLB draft. He played his first professional season with their rookie club Gulf Coast League White Sox in . He played in MLB with the Cincinnati Reds from 1993 to 1996, then spent a season in Japan with the Kintetsu Buffaloes. (He returned to MLB with the Arizona Diamondbacks (2000) and Florida Marlins (2001). He played his last affiliated season for Cincinnati's Triple-A Louisville Bats in  and appeared in Korea with the SK Wyverns that same season. His last professional season was with the independent Pennsylvania Road Warriors of the Atlantic League in .

A 2016 AL.com article named Ruffin the best athlete to come from Choctaw County, Alabama.

References

External links

Retrosheet
Pura Pelota Venezuelan Professional Baseball League statistics
Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization

1971 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Baseball players from Alabama
Birmingham Barons players
Calgary Cannons players
Caribes de Oriente players
Cincinnati Reds players
Florida Marlins players
Guerreros de Oaxaca players
Gulf Coast White Sox players
Indianapolis Indians players
KBO League pitchers
Kintetsu Buffaloes players
Louisville Bats players
Louisville Redbirds players
Louisville RiverBats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nashua Pride players
Nashville Sounds players
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Norfolk Tides players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Pennsylvania Road Warriors players
People from Butler, Alabama
Sarasota White Sox players
SSG Landers players
South Bend White Sox players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Tucson Sidewinders players
Utica Blue Sox players
African-American baseball players
American people convicted of attempted rape


Krzysztof Meyer (born 11 August 1943) is a Polish composer, pianist, and music scholar, formerly dean of the Department of Music Theory (1972–1975) at the State College of Music (now Academy of Music in Kraków), and president of the Union of Polish Composers (1985–1989). Meyer was professor of composition at the Hochschule für Musik in Cologne from 1987 to 2008, before his retirement.

Biography
Meyer was born in Kraków, Poland. As a boy he played piano and organ, and he began his composition study early – in 1954, with Stanisław Wiechowicz. Then, at the State College of Music in Kraków, he continued studying with Wiechowicz, and after the latter's death in 1963, did his diploma with Krzysztof Penderecki (1965). He also studied music theory (diploma in 1966). In Paris, he took courses with Nadia Boulanger (1964, 1966 and 1968) and, in Warsaw, he became a private pupil of Witold Lutosławski.

His Symphony No. 1 was his first work to be performed, in Kraków in 1964. In 1965, while still a student, he made his debut at the "Warsaw Autumn", as the youngest composer in the festival's history (String Quartet No. 1). He was fascinated with the avant-garde, not only as a composer: from 1965 to 1967, as a member of MW2 Ensemble, he performed experimental pieces, typical for the 1960s, in Poland and in some West European countries. Later, he continued to be active as a pianist, performing mostly his own works, or playing chamber music.

From 1966 to 1987, Meyer taught theory at the State College of Music (now Academy of Music in Kraków), holding the chairmanship of the Department of Music Theory from 1972 to 1975. From 1987 to 2008, he was professor of composition at the Hochschule für Musik in Cologne. Since 2019, he has been an honorary professor of Lviv Conservatory.

From 1985 and 1989, he was the president of the Union of Polish Composers. For 14 years (1974–1988), he took part in the work of the Repertory Committee of the "Warsaw Autumn" International Festival of Contemporary Music. He is a Fellow of Collegium Invisibile.

Music
In his early compositions (String Quartets Nos. 1–4, Symphonies Nos. 1–3), Meyer experimented with unconventional sonorities, typical of the Polish avant-garde music in the 1960s. He used twelve-tone technique, albeit freely, as well as aleatoric technique and collage. All of these appear in his first opera, Cyberiada, to a science-fiction libretto after Stanisław Lem's The Cyberiad.

In later works, Meyer gradually limited the multitude of sonic ideas. He increasingly focussed on the drama and expression as understood in a traditional way although avoiding romantic effects. The style of Meyer's later works reflects his interest in tradition; even his use of titles such as "string quartet", "sonata", "concerto", "symphony" are indicators of the traditional trend in his aesthetic. "There are contemporary textures and timbres, but they are usually incidental to a language in which tonal pulls and familiar signposts govern the overall flow and structure."

Chamber music occupies a privileged place in his output. "What is attractive to him in such pieces is the fact that they are perfect to create 'sonic puzzles', referring to the 'hidden arithmetic exercise of the soul, which does not know that it is counting', as Leibnitz described the essence of music. Examples of these are the variation of the tempi in String Quartet No. 11 or the changes of rhythm in String Quartet No. 10. Some pieces for large ensembles can be listened to as a musical commentary to a political event or existential reflection. These topics are hinted at by the subtitles and quotations ('Polish' Symphony No. 6, referring to the atmosphere of martial law in Poland from 1981 to 1983) or the use of the text (Symphony No. 8, with the lyrics of the anti-antisemitic poems by Adam Zagajewski). The catastrophic message of the oratorio The Creation of the World is told through the text but its expression is achieved through the music."

Selected awards
First Prize for Symphony No. 3 (1968) at the Grzegorz Fitelberg Composers' Competition
Prix de Composition Musicale of the Prince Pierre de Monaco Foundation for opera Cyberiada (1970)
Special Mention at Tribune Internationale des Compositeurs UNESCO in Paris for String Quartet No. 2 (1970) and String Quartet No. 3 (1976)
First Prize at the Karol Szymanowski Competition in Warsaw for Symphony No. 4
Herder Prize (Vienna, 1984)
Award of the Union of Polish Composers (1992)
Jurzykowski Prize (New York, 1993)
Johann-Stamitz-Preis (Mannheim, 1996)

Selected works

Stage works
Cyberiada. Fantastic Comic Opera, Op. 15 (1970). Libretto by the composer, based upon Stanisław Lem's series of short stories, The Cyberiad.
The Countess [Hrabina]. Ballet on the motives from Stanisław Moniuszko's opera, Op. 49 (1980)
The Gamblers [Igroki]. A Completed Version of Dmitri Shostakovich's opera after N. Gogol, Op. 53 (1981) (soloists of the "Bolshoi" in Moscow, Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, Michail Jurowski, Capriccio 60 062-2)
The Maple Brothers [Klonowi bracia]. Children Opera, Op. 72 (1989). Libretto by the composer after E. Szwartz

Works for orchestra
9 symphonies:
No. 1, Op. 10 (1964)
No. 2 Epitaphium Stanisław Wiechowicz in memoriam for choir and orchestra, Op. 14 (1967)
No. 3 Symphonie d'Orphée for choir and orchestra, Op. 20 (1968)
No. 4, Op. 31 (1973)
No. 5, Op. 44 (1979)
No. 6 "Polish" Symphony, Op. 57 (1982) (Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, A. Wit, ISPV 179 CD)
No. 7 Sinfonia del tempo che passa, Op. 97 (2002–2003) (NOSPR, G. Chmura; DUX 0695)
No. 8 Sinfonia da requiem, Op. 111 (2009)
No. 9 Fidae speique Sinfonia, Op. 126 (2016)

Fireballs, Op. 37 (1976) (Silesian Philharmonic, Karol Stryja, Polish Information Center 007)
Symphony in D major in Mozartean style, Op. 41 (1976)
Hommage à Johannes Brahms, Op. 59 (1982) (Kölner-Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester, A. Wit, KOCH 3-5037-2)
Musica incrostata, Op. 70 (1988) (WOSPRiT, A. Wit, Koch Schwann 3-1573-2)
Farewell Music, Op. 88 (1997)

Works for solo instrument(s) and orchestra
2 Flute concertos
No. 1, Op. 6 (1964)
No. 2, Op. 61 (1983)
2 Violin concertos
No. 1, Op. 12 (1965) (R. Lasocki, WOSPRiT, K. Stryja, Olympia OCD 323)
No. 2, Op. 87 (1996) (M. Rezler, NOSPR, G. Chmura, DUX 0594)
2 Cello concertos
No. 1, Op. 28 (1972)(withdrawn)
No. 2, Op. 85 (1995)(B. Pergamenschikov, NOSPR, A. Wit, DUX 0594)
Concerto da camera for oboe, percussion and strings, Op. 29 (1972)
Concerto for trumpet and orchestra, Op. 35 (1973)
Concerto for piano, Op. 46 (1989) (Pavel Gililov, WOSPRiT, Antoni Wit, Koch Schwann 3-1573-2)
Canti Amadei per violoncello ed orchestra, Op. 63 (1984) (I. Monighetti, Capella Cracoviensis, S. Gałoński, ISPV 179 CD)
Concerto da camera for harp, cello and string orchestra, Op. 64 (1984) (B. Trendowicz, K. Jaroszewska, Chamber Orchestra Amadeus, A. Duczmal; PR CD 085-2)
Caro Luigi per 4 violoncelli ed orchestra d'archi, Op. 73 (1989)
Concerto for alto saxophone and string orchestra, Op. 79 (1992) (John-Edward Kelly NEOS )
Concerto for clarinet and orchestra, Op. 96 (2001) (E. Brunner, NOSPR, G. Chmura, DUX 0594)
Double concerto for violin, violoncello and orchestra, Op. 105 (2006) (M. Rezler, Julius Berger, Ł. Borowicz, NOSPR; DUX 0695)
Concerto for (acoustic) guitar, timpani and string orchestra, Op. 115 (2011)

Vocal works
Symphony No. 2 Epitaphium Stanisław Wiechowicz in memoriam for choir and orchestra, Op. 14 (1967)
Symphony No. 3 Symphonie d'Orphée for choir and orchestra, Op. 20 (1968)
Lyric Triptych for tenor and chamber orchestra, Op. 38 (1976)
Mass for mixed choir and orchestra, Op. 68 (1996) (The National Orchestra and Choir in Warsaw, Antoni Wit, ACD 096-2)
Velichalnaya for mixed choir, Op. 71 (1988) (Polish Nightingales, Wojciech A. Krolopp, Azymuth AZ AZ CD 11.045)
Creation (Schöpfung), oratorio for soli, choir and orchestra, Op. 91 (1999)
Symphony No. 8 Sinfonia da requiem for choir and orchestra, Op. 111 (2009)

Chamber music

For two instruments
Violin and piano:
Misterioso for violin and piano, Op. 83 (1994) (A. Breuninger, I. Berger; Ars Musici AM 1204-02)
Capriccio interrotto for violin and piano, Op. 93 (2000) (A. Bayeva, G. Karyeva, PR CD 194; – R. Simovic, Z. Darhomorska, PR CD 191)
Cello and piano:
Canzona per violoncello e pianoforte, Op. 56 (1981) (D. Geringas, T. Schatz, ISPV 192 CD; – E. Mizerska, E. Abbate, TOCC 0098)
Two sonatas for cello and piano
Sonata per violoncello e pianoforte No.1, Op. 62 (1983) (- R. Korupp, K. Meyer, Ambitus 97848; – E. Mizerska, E. Abbate, TOCC 0098)
Sonata per violoncello e pianoforte No.2, Op. 99 (2004) (E. Mizerska, K. Glensk, TOCC 0098)
Other combinations:
Impromptu multicolore for two pianos, Op. 92 (2000) (A. Soós, I. Haag, MGB CTS-M 107)
Duetti concertanti for bassoon and piano, Op. 101 (2004) (K. & Etsuko Okazaki, ISPV 194 CD)
Metamorphoses for saxophone and piano, Op. 102 (2004) (J.-E. Kelly, B. Versteegh, ISPV 194)

For three instruments
Hommage à Nadia Boulanger for flute, viola and harp, Op. 17 (1971) (rec. E. Gajewska, R. Duź, H. Storck, ISPV 189 CD)
Piano Trio, Op. 50 (1980) (Trio Wawelskie, ISPV 176 CD; – Arcadia Trio, Bella Musica 31.2415; – Altenberg Trio, Challenge classic 72310)
Trio for flute, viola and guitar, Op. 78 (1992) (R. Aitken, E. Schloifer, R. Evers; ISPV 176 CD)
String Trio, Op. 81 (1993) (Deutsches Streichtrio; ISPV 176 CD; – T. Gadzina, R. Duź, M. Wasiółka; Acte Préalable AP0146)
Trio for clarinet, violin and piano, Op. 90 (1998) (E. Brunner, I. Monighetti, P. Gililov; ISPV 189 CD)
Trio for oboe, bassoon and piano, Op. 98 (2002) (Tomohara Yosiba, Koji and Etsuko Okazaki, ISPV 194)

For four instruments
15 String Quartets
No. 1, Op. 8 (1963)
No. 2, Op. 23 (1969)
No. 3, Op. 27 (1971)
No. 4, Op. 33 (1974)
No. 5, Op. 42 (1977)
No. 6, Op. 51 (1981)
No. 7, Op. 65 (1985)
No. 8, Op. 67 (1985)
No. 9, Op. 74 (1990)
No. 10, Op. 82 (1994)
No. 11, Op. 95 (2001)
No. 12, Op. 103 (2005)
No. 13, Op. 113 (2010)
No. 14, Op. 122 (2014)
No. 15, Op. 131 (2017)
Quattro colori for clarinet, trombone, 'cello and piano, Op. 24 (1970)
Concerto retro for flute, violin, violoncello and harpsichord, Op. 39 (1976) (E. Gajewska, T. Gadzina, M. Wasiółka, K. Meyer, Acte Préalable AP0076)
Piano Quartet, Op. 112 (2009)

For five or more instruments
Clarinet Quintet, Op. 66 (1986) (E. Brunner, Wilanow String Quartet, ISPV 147 CD; – P. Drobnik, Kwartet Wieniawski; Dux 0507/0508)
Capriccio per sei strumenti, Op. 69 (1988) (E. Gajewska, T. Gadzina, R. Duź, M. Wasiółka, ISPV 189 CD)
Piano Quintet, Op. 76 (1991) (Wilanow String Quartet & K. Meyer; ISPV 171 CD; – Wieniawski Quartet & Andrzej Tatarski; Dux 0507/0508)
Cinque colori for flute, violin, violoncello, percussion and piano, Op. 94 (2001)

Instrumental music

For piano solo
6 Sonatas for Piano (Complete Piano Works - Christian Seibert, EDA 36)
No. 1, Op. 5 (1962) (K. Meyer, Acte Préalable AP0076)
No. 2, Op. 7 (1963) (B. Otto, Sächsische Tonträger LC 9930)
No. 3, Op. 13 (1966)
No. 4, Op. 22 (1968)
No. 5 Sonata de sons rayonnants, Op. 32 (1975/1997)
No. 6 Sonate breve, Op. 106 (2006)
24 Preludes for piano, Op. 43 (1978) (K. Meyer, ISPV CD 174; – P. Kubica, SMS RP 12691 CD )
Quasi una Fantasia for piano, Op. 104 (2005)
6 intermezzi for piano, Op. 121 (2013)

For other keyboards
Sonata for harpsichord, Op. 30 (1973) (E. Chojnacka, ERATO Japan CD 056044
Fantasy for organ, Op. 75 (1990) (S. Palm; KR 10068)

For violin solo
2 Violin sonatas
No. 1, Op. 36 (1975) (W. Marschner, ISPC 192 CD)
No. 2, Op. 113 (2018)
Other works:
6 Preludes for violin solo (1981) [no opus number]

For cello solo
Two Sonatas for Cello
No. 1, Op. 1 (1961) (R. Korupp, CD Ambitus 97484)
No. 2, Op. 109 (2007)
Moment musical (1976) [no opus number]
Monologue (1990) (D. Geringas; ConBrioDisc ConBES 2019) [no opus number]

For flute solo
Sonata per flauti soli, Op. 52 (1980) (E. Gajewska, Acte Préalable AP0076; – B.-G. Schmitt, ISPV 194 CD)

Essays and professional writings
 Krzysztof Meyer, Schostakowitsch – Sein Leben, sein Werk, seine Zeit, Bergisch Gladbach 1995; also: Paris 1994, Amsterdam 1996, Madrid 1997, St Petersburg 1998, Warsaw 1999, Moscow 2006, Mainz 2008. [Orig. in Polish 1973.]
 Krzysztof Meyer, Witold Lutosławski (with Danuta Gwizdalanka), Cracow 2003 (vol. 1), 2004 (vol. 2)
 Krzysztof Meyer, Dmitri Schostakowitch. Erfahrungen, Leipzig 1983
 Krzysztof Meyer, Prokofjew und Schostakowitsch, in: Bericht über das internationale Symposion "Sergej Prokofjew – Aspekte seines Werkes und der Biographie", Regensburg 1993, pp. 111–133
 Krzysztof Meyer, Analyse musikalischer Form in psychologischer Hinsicht, in: Musikpädagogik als Aufgabe, Kassel 2003
 and numerous articles published in Poland and abroad.

References

External links

 Krzysztof Meyer at culture.pl
 Krzysztof Meyer bio at Sikorski.de
 Krzysztof Meyer: Portrait, Catalogue of works, Discography 2015

Literature
 B. M. Maciejewski: 12 Polish Composers. Allegro Press. London, 1976, p. 202-206.
 L. Rappoport-Gelfand: Musical Life in Poland. The Postwar Years 1945-1977. Gordon & Breach, New York etc. 1991, p. 133-141.

1943 births
Living people
Alumni of the Academy of Music in Kraków
Academic staff of the Academy of Music in Kraków
Musicians from Kraków
Polish classical composers
Polish male classical composers
20th-century classical composers
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Fellows of Collegium Invisibile
Academic staff of the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln
Herder Prize recipients
20th-century male musicians
Recipient of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge
Academic staff of Lviv Conservatory