Seán Fallon (26 September 1937 – 4 July 1995) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician from Athlone, County Westmeath.

A member of Westmeath County Council and Athlone Urban District Council for nearly forty years from 1967, he was a senator from 1981 to 1995, and Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann from 1992 until his death.

He was first elected in 1981, to the 15th Seanad, on the Industrial and Commercial Panel, and was returned to the Seanad in subsequent elections until his death.

References

1937 births
1995 deaths
Fianna Fáil senators
Cathaoirligh of Seanad Éireann
Members of the 15th Seanad
Members of the 16th Seanad
Members of the 17th Seanad
Members of the 18th Seanad
Members of the 19th Seanad
Members of the 20th Seanad
Members of Westmeath County Council
Industrial and Commercial Panel senators


These are the official results of the Men's Javelin Throw event at the 1995 World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. There were a total number of 37 participating athletes, with the final held on Sunday 13 August 1995. The qualification mark was set at 82.00 metres.

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1991 Men's World Championships Javelin Throw (Tokyo)
 1992 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Barcelona)
 1994 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Helsinki)
 1996 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Atlanta)
 1998 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Budapest)

References
 Results
 koti.welho

J
Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships


was a Japanese meteorologist who became the namesake for the Fujiwhara effect. Novelist Jirō Nitta is his nephew and mathematician Masahiko Fujiwara is his grandnephew.

Biography

Early life
Born in the city of Suwa, Nagano Prefecture, Fujiwhara received his primary education at Takashima Common Elementary School and Suwa Higher Elementary School, where he was in the same class as future army general, Tetsuzan Nagata. He was also close friends with Shigeo Iwanami, who would go on to found the Iwanami Shoten Publishing company. He joined the Central Meteorological Observatory (current Japan Meteorological Agency) in 1909 after completing undergraduate studies in theoretical physics at Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo).

Academic career
Fujiwhara earned his doctorate in 1915 through his research work on the abnormal propagation of sound waves, and earned the Japan Academy Prize in 1920 in recognition of his research. He traveled to Norway in the same year to study meteorology under Vilhelm Bjerknes.

He joined the Central Institution for the Training of Meteorologists (current Meteorological College of Japan) as general director after returning to Japan in 1922. He started his tenure as a professor at Tokyo Imperial University in 1924, and succeeded Takematsu Okada as the fifth director of the Japan Meteorological Agency in 1941.

Later life
Fujiwhara participated in the development of the fire balloon during the Pacific War, and was purged from his position after the conclusion of the war. He retreated to the countryside afterwards to concentrate on his writing, and devoted his efforts to educating the future generation of meteorologists and researching meteorological phenomena such as vortices, clouds and atmospheric optics. He also spearheaded the study of gliders in Japan, and became a member of the Japan Academy in 1937.

Texts
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1926
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1929
 , 1932
 , 1932
 , 1933
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1935
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1935
 , 1939
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1942
 , 1947
 , Sanseido, 1948
 , 1948
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1949
 , 1950
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing, 1951
 , Sanseido, 1955
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing
 , Iwanami Shoten Publishing

Notes

References

External links

 Biography from Ninohe city civic center website

1884 births
1950 deaths
People from Nagano Prefecture
Japanese meteorologists


No. 575 Squadron RAF was a transport squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

History
The squadron was formed at RAF Hendon on 1 February 1944 from elements of 512 Squadron. Just two weeks later it moved to RAF Broadwell to work-up as a tactical transport squadron with the Douglas Dakota, the military transport version of the Douglas DC-3 airliner. The squadron's first operations were leaflet raids on France, on the eve of D-Day it dropped the 5th Para brigade into the invasion drop zone (Operation Tonga). On 6 June it towed 21 gliders into France. In the next few weeks it started a casualty evacuation service from France back to England. In September 1944 it was heavily involved in operations at Arnhem, suffering casualties.

After the end of the war the squadron began flying to and from India from RAF Melbourne in Yorkshire and later from RAF Blakehill Farm. In January 1946 it moved to RAF Bari in Italy to operate an air service between Italy, Austria, Romania, Greece and Bulgaria. It was eventually disbanded at RAF Kabrit, Egypt on 15 August 1946.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

Commanding officers

See also
List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 No 541-598 Squadron Histories on rafweb
 History of No. 575 Squadron on raf.mod.uk

Aircraft squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
Transport units and formations of the Royal Air Force
575 Squadron
Military units and formations established in 1944


Saint-Médard () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Saint-Romain () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Geography
The commune is located in the south of the department, 1 km west of Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, 9 km north of Saint-Aulaye, 19 km west of Ribérac, 18 km south of Montmoreau and 48 km south of Angoulême.

In terms on surface area, Saint-Romain is the largest commune of its canton, spreading up to 200m of Aubeterre town center. The commune sits on a low Cretaceous limestone plateau.

No rivers traverse Saint-Romain, but two small tributaries have their sources there: the Beauronne which flows south-west into the  Dronne river and a tributary of the Tude in the north, as well as the Écrevansou, a small spring that follows the commune's eastern limits.

Population

The population of the town has been growing since the eighties because of its proximity to Aubeterre and the influx of British immigrants.

The population is dispersed and the town has numerous hamlets and farms.

History
The oldest parish registers date back to 1660.

According to a 1747 inventory, another church existed in the commune, in the Villedieu hamlet. There was no trace of it by 1910.

In 1789, on the eve of the French Revolution, Saint-Romain, like many parishes, issued a list of grievances.

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


The Diocese of Saint Clement at Saratov () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Russia. The diocese's episcopal see is located in the city of Saratov. The Diocese of Saint Clement at Saratov is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Mother of God at Moscow.

History
 November 23, 1999: Established as Apostolic Administration of Southern European Russia from the Apostolic Administration of European Russia
 February 11, 2002: Promoted as Diocese of Saint Clement at Saratov

Leadership
 Bishops of Saint Clement at Saratov (Roman rite)
 Bishop Clemens Pickel (since 2002.02.11)
 Apostolic Administrators of Southern European Russia (Roman rite)
 Bishop Clemens Pickel (1999.11.23 – 2002.02.11)

Churches
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Tambov
Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Kemerovo
St. Liborius Church, Krasnodar
St. Nicholas' Church, Volgograd
The Last Supper Church, Rostov-on-Don
Transfiguration Church, Pyatigorsk

See also
Roman Catholicism in Russia

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

External links

  Website of the Diocese
  Saint Clement's

Roman Catholic dioceses in Russia
Christian organizations established in 1999
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1999 establishments in Russia
Saratov


Saint-Saturnin () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


"Poetry in Motion" is a UK No. 1 hit single in 1961, recorded amongst others by Johnny Tillotson. Tillotson's version was the most successful.

Background
The song was written by Paul Kaufman (1930–1999) and Mike Anthony (born 1930), who said that the inspiration for it came from looking up from their work and seeing a procession of young ladies from a nearby school pass by on the sidewalk outside each afternoon. Bill Porter supervised the recording session in Nashville, Tennessee, which featured saxophonist Boots Randolph, pianist Floyd Cramer and bassist Floyd "Lightning" Chance. An alternative version, with King Curtis on saxophone, was recorded some weeks earlier and published by Bear Family Records in 2011.

In the US Billboard Hot 100, "Poetry in Motion" peaked at No. 2 in November 1960, kept out of the No. 1 spot by "Georgia on My Mind" by Ray Charles.  In the UK Singles Chart it hit No. 1 in January 1961, and also made the charts on reissue in 1979.

Chart positions

Cover versions
The song was covered by Swedish pop group Ola & the Janglers in 1966 and went to No. 1 in the Swedish voted chart "Tio i Topp" but only reached No. 7 in the sales chart "Kvällstoppen".

See also
List of number-one singles from the 1960s (UK)

References

1960 singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Johnny Tillotson songs
1960 songs
Cadence Records singles
London Records singles


Saint-Sornin (; ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


John Dougherty is a Northern Irish children's writer, born in the town of Larne in 1964. He now lives in Gloucestershire.

He worked as a primary school teacher in London during the 1990s and early 2000s;  during this period, he began to write stories for children. His first book was published in 2004 and he left teaching the same year to concentrate on his writing career.

From November 2013 – 2015, he was chair of the Children's Writers and Illustrators Group (CWIG), a sub-group of the UK's Society of Authors.

Published books
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Badness of Badgers (2014)
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Quest for the Magic Porcupine (2014)
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Evilness of Pizza (2015)
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Bees of Stupidity (2015)
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Great Big Story Nickers (2016)
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Great Kerfuffle Christmas Kidnap (2016)
all above illustrated by David Tazzyman

Picture books
There's a Pig Up My Nose (2017), with illustrator Laura Hughes
The Hare-Shaped Hole (2023), with illustrator Thomas Docherty

Zeus
Zeus on the Loose (2004)
Zeus to the Rescue (2007)
Zeus Sorts It Out (2011)

Bansi O'Hara
Bansi O'Hara and the Bloodline Prophecy (2008)
Bansi O'Hara and the Edges of Hallowe'en (2011)

Jack Slater
Jack Slater, Monster Investigator (2006)
Jack Slater and the Whisper of Doom (2009)

Stand-alones
Niteracy Hour (2005)
Mark & Shark: Detectiving & Stuff (2019)

Reading books for schools include
Finn MacCool & the Giant's Causeway (2011) - a retelling of the Irish legend for the Oxford Reading Tree
Twice Upon a Time (2014) - part of the Treetops Chucklers (OUP) range
A Midsummer Night's Dream (2014) - a retelling of the Shakespeare story for the Collins' Big Cats range
The Story of Sir Dave (2014) - part of the OUP Project X range
The Tempest (2015) - a retelling of the Shakespeare story for the Collins' Big Cats range
Astron (2015) - for the Oxford Reading Tree
The Fall of Julius Caesar (2017) - a retelling of the Shakespeare story for the Collins' Big Cats range
Antony & Cleopatra (2017) - a retelling of the Shakespeare story for the Collins' Big Cats range
Holiday of a Lifetime (2019) - for Treetops (OUP)

Poetry
Dinosaurs & Dinner-Ladies (2016), illustrated by Tom Morgan-Jones

Awards and nominations
Zeus on the Loose was shortlisted for the Branford Boase Award 2005
Niteracy Hour was shortlisted for the Nottingham Children's Book Prize 2006 and the Coventry Inspiration Raring 2 Read Award 2008
Jack Slater, Monster Investigator was shortlisted for the Ottakars' Children's Book Prize 2006
Stinkbomb & Ketchup-Face and the Great Big Story Nickers was shortlisted for the inaugural Eugenie Summerfield Children's Book Prize 2018
There's a Pig Up My Nose won Oscar's Book Prize 2018
Mark & Shark: Detecting & Stuff was a runner-up in the Coventry Inspiration Book Awards 2021

References

External links

 John Dougherty, author at literary agent AM Heath & Co Ltd
 Author webpage at publisher Oxford University Press
 John Dougherty, author at publisher Random House

1964 births
British children's writers
Male writers from Northern Ireland
Living people
21st-century writers from Northern Ireland


Charles Finch (born 1980) is an American author.

Charles Finch, or related names, may also refer to:

 Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea (1672–1712), British peer and Member of Parliament
 Charles Finch (MP) (1752–1819), British member of Parliament for Castle Rising and Maidstone
 Charles Wray Finch (1809–1873), Australian politician
 Charles B. Finch (1920–1996), American businessman
 Cliff Finch (Charles Clifton Finch, 1927–1986), American politician and former Governor of Mississippi
 Charlie Finch (1953–2022), American art critic
 Charles Finch (British businessman) (born 1962), British businessman and film producer
 Charlieonnafriday (Charlie Finch, born 2003), American musician
 Charles Finch (actor), in the Doctor Who episode "The Invasion"

See also
 Finch (surname)
 Charlie Fincher


These are the official results of the Men's Javelin Throw event at the 1997 World Championships in Athens, Greece. There were a total number of 40 participating athletes, with the final held on Tuesday 5 August 1997. The qualification mark was set at 83.00 metres.

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Eastern European Time (UTC+2)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1992 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Barcelona)
 1994 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Helsinki)
 1996 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Atlanta)
 1998 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Budapest)
 2000 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Sydney)

References
 Results
 koti.welho

J
Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships


Nenad Nastić (; born 8 May 1981) is a Serbian former footballer.

He started playing in a minor club, FK Elan Srbobran, before starting to play with Serbian top league clubs such as FK Zvezdara, FK Železnik and, his most notable years, with FK Vojvodina. He also had spells abroad with Bulgarian CSKA Sofia and Russian FC Khimki before returning to Serbia to play with FK Jagodina.

Honours
CSKA Sofia
Bulgarian League: 2007–08

External links
 Nenad Nastić Profile at Srbijafudbal.
 Nenad Nastić Stats at Utakmica.rs

1981 births
Living people
Serbian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FK Zvezdara players
FK Železnik players
FK Vojvodina players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
FC Khimki players
FK Jagodina players
FK Leotar players
FK Timok players
FK Alfa Modriča players
FK Proleter Novi Sad players
FK TSC players
Serbian SuperLiga players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Russian Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Bosnia and Herzegovina
People from Srbobran
Footballers from South Bačka District
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers


Leonardo de Jesus Geraldo (born 4 August 1985), known as Leonardo Jesus or just Léo, is a Brazilian footballer, usually playing as a wing-back.

Career

Portuguesa
Born in São Paulo state, Leonardo Jesus started his career with Portuguesa de Desportos. After made his national league debut at 2004 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, he signed a new -year contract with club in August 2005. In 2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, he was the regular start of the team, played 18 out of 21 games and 11 out of 12 games in champion playoffs. He missed twice due to suspension (that season he was cautioned 11 times and every 3 cautions suspend once) and rested in round 21. That season Lusa finished as the 4th. In 2006 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, he played 23 league matches and most notably missed 9 matches from round 11 to 19 and the last 4 matches of the league. He was cautioned 3 times that season but no suspension. He enjoyed his best season in 2007, winning Campeonato Paulista Série A2, played 35 times in 2007 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, scored 2 goals and just suspended once. That season he was cautioned 5 times in Serie B. Portuguesa finished as the third and promoted to 2008 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. He also earned an international cap coached by Dunga on 9 December.

He did not play in 2008 Campeonato Paulista as he was busy in transfer talks.

Olympiacos
Leonardo Jesus was signed by Olympiacos in January 2008. for a reported €2 million paid to Lusa to buy its 65% economic rights of the player. The rest was owned by a third-party owner José Riva. In July 2011 his contract was terminated.

Internacional
In June 2010, he was loaned back to Brazil in 1-year deal. However, he suffered from injury and did not play any match for the first team in the 2011 season.

PAOK
On 9 September 2011 Leonardo Jesus signed one-year contract with PAOK. The club keeps the right to break this contract in January 2012, if the player won't meet its expectations.

International career
The left-back was set to be in Brazil's 2008 Olympic football squad and gained his first national cap in a pre-olympic friendly, against Brazil League Best XI. Brazil Olympic eventually lost 0–3. He was then dropped from the preliminary squad.

Career statistics

Note:
State Leagues were marked as league cup
1 No stats. available for 2004 to 2006 Campeonato Paulista Série A1 and Campeonato Paulista Série A2.
2 3 games in 2010 qualification playoffs for European competitions
3 Not registered in 2010 and 2011 Copa Libertadores
4 See note 1 and 2

Honours
 Greek Cup: 2008, 2009
 Greek Super League: 2007–2008, 2008–2009
 Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 2007

References

External links

Brazilian men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Super League Greece players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Sport Club Internacional players
Grêmio Barueri Futebol players
Atlético Clube Goianiense players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Men's association football fullbacks
People from Carapicuíba
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo (state)


In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule. The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a thermodynamic expression that describes the binding of the cosolvent over the solvent. This is in a system that is open to both the solvent and cosolvent.  Consequently, preferential interaction coefficients are measures of interactions that involve “solutes that participate in a reaction in solution.”

See also
 Binding constant
 Partition coefficient
 Binding affinity

References

Medicinal chemistry


MonaVie is a defunct, American multi-level marketing company that manufactured and distributed products made from blended fruit juice concentrates, powders, and purées. The company was the subject of several controversies. Health claims for its products had not been scientifically confirmed or approved by regulatory authorities, and its chairman had been previously involved in false health claims concerning another beverage company. According to Forbes, MonaVie's business plan resembled a pyramid scheme. In 2015, the company defaulted on a US$182 million loan and went into foreclosure. Florida-based Jeunesse Global took over MonaVie’s assets when it purchased the note for $15 million.

Company overview
Dallin Larsen, who held senior executive positions with the multi-level marketing companies Dynamic Essentials and USANA, founded Monarch Health Sciences in 2003 as a distributor of diet and weight loss supplements. Monarch Health Sciences launched MonaVie juice in January 2005, and the same year founded MonaVie LLC/MonaVie Inc., a privately held multi-level marketing company based in South Jordan, Utah. The newly formed company took over the bottling, distribution, and marketing of MonaVie juice products. MonaVie also owned and operated a charity organization, The MORE Project.

MonaVie products were sold by non-employee distributors who were eligible to receive commissions based on product sales. Individual distributors were encouraged to build their own sales networks by recruiting new distributors to sell the products (referred to in multi-level marketing parlance as a "downline"); the recruiter could have, in theory, received additional commissions based on sales by their downlines.

Products
MonaVie produced a variety of blended bottled fruit juices, carbonated energy drinks, dietary supplements and dieting products. MonaVie Kosher, one of the company's juice products, was certified as kosher according to Jewish dietary laws by the Orthodox Union of North America and the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.

Product research and physiological context
An analysis conducted by contract laboratory ChromaDex indicated that MonaVie contained low levels of antioxidant vitamin C and of phytochemicals such as anthocyanins and phenolics associated with antioxidant activity in test tubes.

MonaVie promoted that the juice had key polyphenol antioxidants from açai and other fruits in the blend; however, there is no physiological evidence that any fruit polyphenols have such actions in humans or that oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) has any relevance in the human body. Research shows that although polyphenols are good antioxidants in vitro, antioxidant effects in vivo are probably negligible or absent. As interpreted by the United States Food and Drug Administration, Linus Pauling Institute and European Food Safety Authority, dietary polyphenols have little or no direct antioxidant food value after digestion. Unlike controlled test tube conditions, most polyphenols are not absorbed following digestion, and what is absorbed is metabolized and excreted.

Interactions and adverse effects
A clinical case report showed an association between MonaVie ingestion throughout pregnancy and prenatal closure of the ductus arteriosus resulting in cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction (pulmonary hypertension) at birth. Another case report noted that MonaVie Active may cause fluctuations in blood clotting (prothrombin time) in patients treated with warfarin or other coumadin blood thinners, and it was recommended that this combination should be avoided.

Distributor earnings

Around 14% of distributors made a profit, according to MonaVie Executive VP Henry Marsh quoted from a 2009 Deseret News article. A Newsweek article, reporting on MonaVie's 2007 Income disclosure statement, stated "fewer than 1% qualified for commissions and of those, only 10% made more than $100 a week." More than 90% were counted as wholesale customers, whose earnings were mostly discounts on sales to themselves. According to a top recruiter, the dropout rate in 2008 was around 70%. An article published in the Hartford Courant reported that about 45% of the company's distributors earned an annualized average check of less than $1,600, and 37% took home about $2,000; roughly 2% earned an annualized average check of more than $29,000, and just 7 out of 80,000 distributors (<0.01%) took home more than $3 million, according to MonaVie's 2008 Income Disclosure statement. According to a 2011 article in The Salt Lake Tribune, 85% of MonaVie's distributors earned commission checks in 2009 averaging $35 a week or less, while the company's top seven distributors earned an average of $3.4 million a year.

Criticism

Nutritional value
Physician Andrew Weil and nutritionist Jonny Bowden claimed that the nutritional and health benefits of MonaVie juice were unproven and that the product was overpriced relative to more cost-effective conventional polyphenol-rich foods.  Weil and Bowden also criticized the product for being sold through multi-level marketing. A Men’s Journal nutritional analysis showed that MonaVie Active juice "tested extremely low in anthocyanins and phenolics" and that "even apple juice (which also tested poorly) has more phenolics". The report also noted that "MonaVie’s vitamin C level was 5 times lower than that of Welch’s Grape Juice", a product priced at a fraction of the cost of MonaVie for the same serving volume. Ralph Carson, the original developer of MonaVie and the company’s chief science officer cautioned that the juice was "expensive flavored water" and that “any claims made are purely hypothetical, unsubstantiated and, quite frankly, bogus." Carson added that he did not know how much açai was in the product.

Misleading advertising and health claims
Bowden, Newsweek correspondent Tony Dokoupil, Palm Beach Post reporter Carolyn Susman, and Salt Lake City Tribune correspondent Tom Harvey commented on the use of misleading promotional testimonials by MonaVie distributors in which the product was said to prevent and treat a variety of medical conditions. Harvey also stated that MonaVie's rise, based on odds "stacked against low-level distributors who poured in the billions of dollars that fueled the company's spectacular growth," raised questions about the foundations of other companies in Utah's nutritional supplement industry. In 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an FDA Warning Letter to MonaVie distributor Kevin Vokes, for violations of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act relating to online promotional material claiming that MonaVie was an effective treatment for inflammation, high cholesterol, and muscle and joint pain. The FDA considered the issue resolved after therapeutic claims on the offending website were scaled down. In a 2008 Forbes magazine article, reporters Emily Lambert and Klaus Kneale described MonaVie as a pyramid scheme, referencing a video testimonial by distributor Louis "Lou" B. Niles that implied the product could cure cancer.

Company executives had repeatedly acknowledged ongoing problems with MonaVie distributors making unlawful claims that the juice can treat and prevent diseases. In a 2008 Newsweek article, CEO Dallin Larsen stated that "his sales team can get him in hot water with the Feds", and that it was "next to impossible" for the company to investigate distributors suspected of making false claims. Later in 2008, the company issued a statement acknowledging that many of its distributors, "perhaps unwittingly", violated its advertising policies. In a 2009 Bloomberg News article, MonaVie executive vice-president and cofounder Randy Larsen stated that "the company is struggling with independent distributors who promote the juice as a miracle drug."

Dallin Larsen and Dynamic Essentials/Royal Tongan Limu
MonaVie CEO and founder Dallin Larsen was a senior executive with an multi-level marketing company that sold a similar juice product prior to being shut down by the FDA for illegal business practices. In 2001, Larsen became vice president of sales for Dynamic Essentials, a Florida-based company selling a fruit juice called Royal Tongan Limu, where Larsen claimed to have increased revenue 300%. In 2002, during Larsen’s tenure, the FDA warned Dynamic Essentials that claims on the company’s website that the juice could "treat various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and attention deficit disorder" were illegal. Dynamic Essentials ceased operating soon after. In 2003, the FDA saw the voluntary destruction of 90,000 bottles of Royal Tongan Limu.

Pyramid scheme allegations
In 2008, Larsen formed a business partnership with former Amway distributor (Quixtar in the US) Orrin Woodward, founder of an Amway distributor sales network company known as TEAM. Woodward subsequently became a distributor and speaker for MonaVie, mixing his TEAM organization structure and distributor sales tools (e.g. sales brochures, audio/video recordings, etc.) concept with MonaVie's compensation plan. Woodward received a $3 million loan from MonaVie which he did not have to repay if he met certain recruiting distributor goals, according to a lawsuit Amway filed against MonaVie in 2008. A Forbes magazine article in 2008 described MonaVie as a pyramid scheme, and TEAM as "a pyramid atop a pyramid", in which MonaVie vendors were sold motivational lectures, using a multi-level model, which were purported to help them increase their sales of MonaVie's products. The article proposes that this system takes advantage of ambiguities in the Federal Trade Commission's regulation of pyramid schemes, and that only 1% of members make any money from their involvement with the company.

Litigation
The company, its executives, and various senior distributors have been part of significant lawsuits since the company's founding. MonaVie was the defendant in a false-advertising/trademark infringement suit against Imagenetix, Inc (2008), a multi-issue legal battle with Quixtar/Amway (2008), a false advertising suit by Oprah Winfrey and Mehmet Oz (2009), two class action lawsuits (2010, 2013), and a copyright infringement suit against Zrii (2010). Also, MonaVie filed several suits against former sales representatives for breach of contract.

Trademark infringement and false advertising cases

In 2008, Imagenetix, Inc. sued the MonaVie company, its board of directors, and several of its senior distributors for $2.75 billion over trademark infringement alleging that MonaVie Active juice contained the ingredient Celadrin. The case was settled out of court and the lawsuit was dropped. Soon after, Imagenetix announced that it had entered into a new business relationship with MonaVie, the terms of which were not disclosed.

In 2010, MonaVie sued Zrii, a competing multilevel marketing drink company, claiming that Zrii copied its distributor compensation plan. MonaVie sought an injunction to prevent Zrii from continuing to use the plan, force the destruction of all the existing copies of the plan, and claim damages.

In 2009, television celebrities Oprah Winfrey and Dr. Mehmet Oz filed lawsuits against 40 companies who sold açaí or related products. The parties alleged that the companies had fabricated quotes "falsely purporting to speak in Dr. Oz's and/or Ms. Winfrey's voice about specific brands and products that neither of them has endorsed." MonaVie was one of the defendants. Winfrey’s website stated that “consumers should be aware that neither Oprah Winfrey nor Dr. Oz are associated with nor do they endorse any açaí berry product, company or online solicitation of such products, including MonaVie juice products."

In 2010, a class action lawsuit was filed against MonaVie in the Circuit Court of Miller County, Arkansas, alleging that MonaVie and its distributors, through the use of false and misleading advertising had engaged in civil conspiracy and other criminal activities.

In 2013, a class action lawsuit was filed against MonaVie in the US District Court of New Jersey alleging that the company had used unfair and deceptive business practices, and false advertising, in violation of the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. According to the lawsuit, MonaVie and its distributors used false and misleading claims of curative benefits to promote the company’s juice products, which were sold at an unjustly inflated price. In 2014, a similar class action lawsuit was filed against MonaVie in the US District Court of Southern Florida. The suit alleged that the company had deceptively advertising its juices, such as MonaVie Active, MonaVie Essential, MonaVie Pulse. According to the complaint, the company had promised that its juices would provide a variety of health benefits, including increased energy and improved joint health, without scientific proof to support such claims. In addition, the plaintiffs claimed that the company failed to warn consumers that the juices contain ingredients – such as arsenic and lead – that could cause health problems.

In 2014, K2A LLC, a company formed by Alex Schauss and Kenneth Murdock, filed a lawsuit claiming that MonaVie owed tens of millions of dollars for infringing on a patent held by K2A for the freeze-dried açai berry used in MonaVie's products. K2A claimed that they had terminated their 2004 licensing agreement on Oct. 18, 2013 and that MonaVie continued to sell products that infringed on the patents. The lawsuit alleged that MonaVie had not made any royalty payments since June 2009 and failed to deliver shares in the company that were promised to K2A. The court was petitioned to declare that the licensing agreement has been terminated and to award K2A  at least 10 percent of MonaVie’s gross sales, plus triple damages. In January 2015, MonaVie announced that it had settled the case for an undisclosed sum.

Dispute with Amway

In 2008 Quixtar, a sister company of Amway, filed a multi-count federal court complaint against the MonaVie company and 16 of its top-level distributors who had previously worked with Amway. The complaint alleged that MonaVie competed unfairly by making false claims about its products, and that the former distributors had violated their contracts with Amway. Shortly after, MonaVie filed a lawsuit with the Utah district court asking for a ruling as to whether Quixtar had been over-reaching the boundaries of its non-compete agreements and to address whether or not such agreements are enforceable for independent distributors. MonaVie filed to dismiss the Amway/Quixtar lawsuit. Later in 2008, MonaVie et al. filed a lawsuit in the Colorado District Court against Quixtar. Amway and MonaVie settled in 2010 before trial.

In 2009, Orrin Woodward and his wife Laurie were found liable in an arbitration case for soliciting other distributors to resign from Quixtar and join its competitor MonaVie, The Woodwards were ordered to pay a settlement of $12,736,659. Co-defendants Chris and Terri Brandy were ordered to pay $9,578,756 and Tim and Amy Marks, $3,533,230.

Lawsuits with former distributors

In 2012 the company sought legal action against Joseph Licciardi and several other distributors for breach of contract by allegedly attempting to recruit MonaVie distributors to competing multilevel marketing companies. In April 2015, an arbitrator awarded Licciardi $1.2 million, ruling that MonaVie breached its contract by revoking Liccardi's distributorship.

Loan default and foreclosure
In May 2014 it was announced that MonaVie had defaulted on a $182 million note securing assets of the company. The note was issued in 2010 by TSG-MV Financing LLC, part of TSG Consumer Partners of San Francisco and then purchased in March 2015 by multi-level marketing company Jeunesse Global of Altamonte Springs, Florida. On May 11, a Federal court judge issued a temporary restraining order to halt the takeover of MonaVie by Jeunesse Global. The petition had been filed by Bankers Trust, the trustee overseeing MonaVie's employee stock ownership program (ESOP) which had become a major holder of MonaVie stock, noting that the foreclosure would render the ESOP worthless.

References

Multi-level marketing companies based in Utah
Companies based in Salt Lake City
Defunct multi-level marketing companies
American companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in Utah


This article is about the particular significance of the century 901–1000 to Wales and its people.

Events

905
The kingdom of Dyfed passes to Hywel Dda as a result of his marriage to Elen, the daughter of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd,  following the death of Llywarch's heir, Rhydderch.
920
Hywel Dda unites the kingdoms of Dyfed and Seisyllwg to create Deheubarth.
928
King Æthelstan of England receives the submission of Welsh kings, including Hywel Dda, and sets the border of Wales at the River Wye.
969
Iago ab Idwal imprisons his brother Ieuaf ap Idwal.
985
Cadwallon ab Ieuaf becomes King of Gwynedd.
986
Maredudd ab Owain becomes King of Gwynedd, after disposing of its previous ruler, Cadwallon ab Ieuaf.
987
Maredudd ab Owain becomes King of Deheubarth.
992
Maredudd ab Owain attacks Morgannwg.
999
Cynan ap Hywel becomes King of Gwynedd.
Vikings sack St David's and murder the bishop, Morgeneu.

Births
date unknown - Llywelyn ap Seisyll, King of Gwynedd and Deheubarth (d. 1023)

Deaths
900
Merfyn ap Rhodri, prince of Gwynedd
909
Cadell ap Rhodri, King of Seisyllwg
916
Anarawd ap Rhodri, King of Gwynedd
942
Idwal Foel, King of Gwynedd
950
Hywel Dda, King of most of Wales
953
 Haearnddur, son of Merfyn ap Rhodri (probable)
979
Iago ab Idwal, King of Gwynedd
985
Hywel ab Ieuaf, King of Gwynedd
986
Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, King of Gwynedd
987
Owain ap Hywel, King of Deheubarth
999
Maredudd ab Owain, King of Gwynedd and Deheubarth
Morgeneu, Bishop of St David's (in Viking raid)

References

Wales


Curtis Gordon (July 27, 1928 – May 2, 2004) was an American rockabilly singer.

Gordon was heavily influenced by Ernest Tubb, Bob Wills, and Jimmie Rodgers as a child. He won a radio talent show as a teen and left high school to be the lead singer of his own band, which included fiddle player Jimmy Bryant. His parents demanded that he return to school and give up the band; he did so, though he moonlighted with a band called Pee Wee Mills & the Twilight Cowboys, who operated out of Gulfport, Mississippi. He formed a new Western swing band of his own at age 21 and began touring the Southeast United States. Gordon served in the Army briefly during the Korean War; while there he met Roger Miller, whom he later helped get signed.

In June 1952, an employee of RCA Victor heard Gordon playing in a contest in Atlanta and told executive Steve Sholes about him. Gordon signed with RCA soon after and began recording for the label in the fall. He appeared on the Grand Ole Opry and supported Ernest Tubb, Elvis Presley, and Hank Snow on tour. His records sold modestly, though they never charted; he remained on RCA for two years, and when his contract expired, he was snapped up by Mercury Records. Gordon's style changed while on Mercury, for a number of possible reasons. The label let him record much of his own material, he worked extensively with producer Pappy Daily, and the nascent rock & roll movement had changed tastes. His recordings of 1956-57 are a mix of Western swing, rock and roll, and straight country music.

He played regularly in Mobile, Alabama and toured the South sporadically. He recorded with Dollie Records at the end of the 1950s, his last major contract; he continued performing locally for some time after that. He ran a dance club in Georgia in the 1970s and returned to rockabilly performing in the 1980s as the Europeans revived it.

Discography

References
[ Curtis Gordon] at Allmusic
About Curtis Gordon
Matthew Duncan, UK record collector, provided information in the form of title details for the RCA discography section.

American rockabilly musicians
RCA Victor artists
1928 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American musicians


Vars () is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Charente department

References

Communes of Charente


Dordrecht Stadspolders is a railway station in Dordrecht, Netherlands. The station is located on the MerwedeLingelijn between Dordrecht and Geldermalsen (part of the Elst–Dordrecht railway). It was opened on 27 May 1990 and initially had only one track.

Arriva has operated the service since December 2006, but Qbuzz took over services on 9 December 2018. The station is in the residential area Stadspolders. The station was expanded in 2011, with the building of a second track and platform, to allow 4 trains per hour in each direction. The connection between this station and the Dordrecht railway station has also two tracks.

Train services

Bicycles are allowed on board for free.

Bus services

External links

Arriva website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Stadspolders
Railway stations opened in 1990
Railway stations on the Merwede-Lingelijn
1990 establishments in the Netherlands
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1990s


The Diocese of Saint Joseph at Irkutsk () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Irkutsk, which is part of the ecclesiastical province of the Mother of God at Moscow in Russia. The Diocese of Irkutsk is the largest geographical Catholic bishopric on earth, covering an area of 9,960,000 km2. The Catholic population of the diocese is estimated to be about 53,000 persons. It has 42 parishes served by about 42 priests. The bishop is Cyryl Klimowicz, a Pole. The diocese is divided into five deaneries: Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk, Vladivostok and Magadan.

History
 May 18, 1999: Established as Apostolic Administration of Siberia Orientale from Apostolic Administration of Siberia
 February 11, 2002: Promoted as Diocese of Saint Joseph (located at San Giuseppe an Irkutsk)

Special churches
Former cathedral
Church of the Most Holy Mother of God in Vladivostok, Russia

Episcopal ordinaries
(all Roman Rite)

Apostolic Administrators of Siberia Orientale
 Jerzy Mazur, SVD (18 May 1999 – 11 February 2002)

Bishops of Saint Joseph at Irkutsk
 Jerzy Mazur, SVD (11 February 2002 – 17 April 2003)
 Cyryl Klimowicz (17 April 2003 – )

See also
Roman Catholicism in Russia
List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Russia
Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral, Irkutsk

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Irkutsk
Christian organizations established in 1999
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1999 establishments in Russia
Irkutsk


These are the official results of the Men's Javelin Throw event at the 1999 World Championships in Seville, Spain. There were a total number of 40 participating athletes, with the final held on Sunday 29 August 1999.

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Startlist

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1996 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Atlanta)
 1998 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Budapest)
 2000 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Sydney)
 2002 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Munich)

References
 Results
 IAAF results
 koti.welho
 trackandfieldnews

J
Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships


Jean Sirmond (1589, Riom, France - 1649, Riom, France) was a neo-Latin poet and French man of letters, historiographer of Louis XIII.

Biography
Sirmond is known especially for his lifelong feud with Mathieu de Morgues, known as the lord of Saint-Germain, who favored Marie de Médicis and was against Cardinal Richelieu. Jean Sirmond answers it with a series of small works which he writes under various pseudonyms, such as Julius Pomponius Dolabella, the faithful French or Sieur of the Mountains.

At the time of his stay in Paris, Sirmond collaborated in the drafting of the statutes of the l'Académie française, of which he became one of the first members in 1634. He also authored a Life of the Cardinal of Amboise, published in 1631, and wrote Latin poems, published posthumously in 1653. After the death of the king and the cardinal, he withdrew to his native Auvergne, finding himself without support after having fought so much.

Paul Pellisson paid Sirmond a personal homage, which also constitutes a testimony on the evolution of the French language, which some said was now sufficiently "reasonable" to be worthy to replace Latin and the Greek as the erudite and literary language of the day. Pellison writes:

Writings
Les Bons et Vrays Advis du François fidelle. Aux Mal-contans retirez de la Cour
La Pitarchie française ou réponse aux vaines plaintes des malcontens (1615)
Discours au Roy sur l'excellence de ses vertus incomparables et de ses actions héroïques (1624)
Astraea redux. Ad illustrissimum virum, Stephanum Haligrum, Galliae cancellarium (1624)
Illustrissimi Francisci cardinalis Barberini legatio Gallica (1625)
La Lettre déchiffrée (1627). Éloge de Richelieu.
Advertissement aux provinces sur les nouveaux mouvemens du royaume (1631)
La Vie du Cardinal d'Amboise, en suite de laquelle sont traictez quelques poincts sur les affaires présentes (1631)
Le Coup d'estat de Louys XIII (1631)
La Défense du roi et de ses ministres contre le manifeste que sous le nom de Monsieur on fait courre parmi le peuple (1631)
L'Homme du pape et du roy, ou Réparties véritables sur les imputations calomnieuses d'un libelle diffamatoire semé contre sa Sainteté et sa Majesté très-chrestienne (1634)
Ioannis Sirmondi De eloquentissimo principe, sylua (1635)
Advis du Francois fidelle: aux mal-contents nouvellement retirez de la Cour (1637)
Le Souhait du Cid en faveur de Scudéri : une paire de lunettes pour faire mieux ses observations (1637). Documents sur la querelle du Cid.
La Chimère deffaicte, ou Réfutation d'un libelle séditieux tendant à troubler l'Estat, sous pretexte d'y prévenir un schisme (1640)
Chimæra excisa, siue confutatio libelli seditiosi, cuius autor vt schisma politicum excitet in Gallia, ecclesiasticum ab ea se fingit auertere (1641)

References

External links

 Notice biographique de l'Académie française

1589 births
1649 deaths
People from Riom
Members of the Académie Française
Historiographers
French poets
French male poets
French male non-fiction writers


The , formerly known as Sperrgebiet (German, meaning "Prohibited Area"; also known as Diamond Area 1) is a diamond mining area in southwestern Namibia, in the Namib Desert. It spans the Atlantic Ocean-facing coast from Oranjemund on the border with South Africa, to around  north of Lüderitz, a distance of  north. It extends to around  inland, and its total area of , makes up three percent of Namibia's land mass. However, mining only takes place in five percent of the Sperrgebiet, with most of the area acting as a buffer zone. Members of the public are banned from entering most of the area, despite the creation of a national park there in 2004.

History
In September 1908, the German government created the Sperrgebiet in its colony of German South West Africa, giving sole rights for mining to the Deutsche Diamantengesellschaft ("German Diamond Company"). In 1915, during World War I, South African forces led by General Jan Smuts and Louis Botha, the South African Prime Minister, invaded the country. The South Africans defeated the Germans, taking control of modern-day Namibia, including the Sperrgebiet. The owner of the mine, De Beers, had total control of the area until the 1990s, when the Namibian government purchased a fifty-percent stake. They formed a joint partnership called the Namdeb Diamond Corporation.

Nature

The mining area close to Bogenfels is called "Pocket Beaches" which is one of Namdeb's northern coastal mines. The Sperrgebiet has a diverse range of flora and fauna, due to little human intervention in the area for 100 years. Forty percent of the landscape is desert, thirty percent is grassland, and twenty-eight percent is rocky. Roter Kamm, an impact crater in the southern Namib Desert within the Sperrgebiet, has a diameter of . The area includes the Tsaus Mountains, Mount Aurus, Mount Heioab, Mount Höchster, the Klinghardt Mountains and the permanent water spring Kaukausib. The highest point of the Sperrgebiet is .

There are 776 types of plants in the Sperrgebiet, with 234 being endemic to southwest Namibia, despite the Orange River being the only permanent water supply in the area. A study has shown that climate change will affect the plant life in the area, specifically in the Succulent Karoo. Drier winters may lead to the extinction of these plants, as they are endemic to the Sperrgebiet. According to Morgan Hauptfleisch, a scientist who works at the Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment, the Sperrgebiet "is the only arid biodiversity hotspot and this makes it a very special area". It has more biodiversity than anywhere else in Namibia, supporting animals such as the gemsbok, springbok, and brown hyena. Bird species resident in the Sperrgebiet include the African oystercatcher, the black-headed canary, and the dune lark.

National park and recent history
The Sperrgebiet was designated as a national park in June 2004, and is now named Tsau ǁKhaeb National Park. De Beers still controls the area, but will relinquish control to the Namibian Ministry for Environment and Tourism once a management plan for the park has been completed. It is also a proclaimed diamond area which needs thorough control so as to keep possible diamond theft at bay. In April 2008, the 500-year-old wreck of a ship named Bom Jesus containing Iberian coins, bronze cannons, copper, and ivory was found in the Sperrgebiet. Under Namibian law, the Namibian government is entitled to all the items found on board. These items will be showcased at a museum in Oranjemund once the museum has been constructed.

There are several ghost towns in the Sperrgebiet. Built in the late 19th century, the best known of these is Kolmanskop.Others include Pomona and Elizabeth Bay. The wind has partially excavated a number of half-mummified bodies at a graveyard outside one of these ghost towns.

Economic Use

In 2021, the government of Namibia announced a US$9.4 billion green hydrogen project in the Tsau ǁKhaeb National Park. The plant will ultimately produce 300,000 tons of hydrogen, either as pure green hydrogen or in derivative form (green ammonia). It will be built and operated for 40 years by HYPHEN Hydrogen Energy (Pty) Ltd, a joint venture between Nicholas Holdings Limited and ENERTRAG South Africa (Pty) Ltd. The renewable electricity generation capacity will be 2 GW until 2026 and 5 GW until the late 2020s. The investment amount lies in the same order of magnitude as the total GDP of Namibia at the time of planning. Nearly 15,000 direct jobs during construction and 3,000 further jobs during operation will be created. More than 90% will be filled by Namibians. According to Raffinetti, the CEO of HYPHEN: "The Tsau ǁKhaeb National Park is among the top 5 locations in the world for low-cost hydrogen production, benefiting from a combination of co-located onshore wind and solar resources near the sea and land export routes to market."

Gallery

References
 Christian Goltz (2012). Sperrgebiet National Park Visitor's Information Materials

Further reading
 Noli, Gino: Desert Diamonds. Gino Noli, Plettenberg Bay 2010, .

External links

Environment of Namibia
Geology of Namibia
National parks of Namibia
Protected areas established in 2004
1908 establishments in German South West Africa


In the folklore of Northumbria, the Sockburn Worm was a ferocious wyvern that laid waste to the village of Sockburn in Durham. It was said that the beast was finally slain by John Conyers. The tale is said by many to be the inspiration for Lewis Carroll's poem Jabberwocky which he wrote while in Croft-on-Tees and Whitburn.

Possible origins
The tale of the worm may be inspired by the longships of marauding Vikings, who carved the heads of Worms (Ormr) on the bow, however this does not take into account the commonness of dragons in Germanic folklore including that of Northumbria (see the Laidly and Lambton Worms as well as the Worm of Linton).

Traditions
Each newly consecrated Bishop-Prince of Durham, while entering the Bishopric for the first time at the local Ford or over the bridge over the River Tees at Croft-on-Tees, was presented with the falchion that John Conyers used on the worm. The Lord of Sockburn traditionally reads a speech while presenting the blade:

"My Lord Bishop. I hereby present you with the falchion wherewith the champion Conyers slew the worm, dragon or fiery flying serpent which destroyed man, woman and child; in memory of which the king then reigning gave him the manor of Sockburn, to hold by this tenure, that upon the first entrance of every bishop into the county the falchion should be presented."

The bishop would then take the falchion, and immediately return it, wishing the holder health and long enjoyment of the manor.

The Sockburn Worm, with the falchion embedded in it, appears on the district badge of the local Darlington & District Scout Association.

See also

 All Saints Church, Sockburn
 Conyers baronets

References

External links
District badge of the Darlington & District Scout Association

Northumbrian folklore
County Durham folklore
Northumbrian folkloric beings
European dragons


The Diocese of the Transfiguration at Novosibirsk () is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the Ecclesiastical province of the Mother of God at Moscow.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathedral of the Transfiguration, in the city of Novosibirsk, in Siberia (Asian Russia).

History
 Established on April 13, 1991 as Apostolic Administration of Novosibirsk, on territory split off from the Diocese of Vladivostok and the newly suppressed Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mohilev
 Renamed on May 18, 1999 as Apostolic Administration of Western Siberia, having lost territory to establish the then Apostolic Administration of Eastern Siberia (now Diocese of Saint Joseph at Irkutsk)
 Promoted and renamed-back on February 11, 2002 as Diocese of the Transfiguration at Novosibirsk

Ordinaries
(all Roman rite, so far missionary members of Latin congregations)

 Apostolic Administrators of Novosibirsk (Siberia)
 Joseph Werth, Jesuits (S.J.), (1991.04.13 – 1999.05.18 see below), Titular Bishop of Bulna (1991.04.13 – 2002.02.11)
 Jerzy Mazur, Divine Word Missionaries (S.V.D.) (1998.03.23 – 1999.05.18), Titular Bishop of Tabunia (1998.03.23 – 2002.02.11), later Apostolic Administrator of Eastern Siberia (Russia) (1999.05.18 – 2002.02.11), Apostolic Administrator of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk (Russia) (2000 – 2003.04.17), Bishop of Saint Joseph at Irkutsk (Russia) (2002.02.11 – 2003.04.17), Bishop of Ełk (Poland) (2003.04.17 – ...)

 Apostolic Administrator of Western Siberia
 Joseph Werth, S.J. (see above 1999.05.18 – 2002.02.11 see below)

 Suffragan Bishops of (Transfiguration at) Novosibirsk
 Joseph Werth, S.J. (see above 2002.02.11 - ...), President of Conference of Catholic Bishops of Russia (2005.02 – 2011.01.19)

Statistics
As per 2014, it pastorally served 512,000 Catholics (2.0% of 25,600,000 total) on 2,000,000 km² in 70 parishes and 160 missions with 38 priests (19 diocesan, 19 religious), 1 deacon and 77 lay religious (20 brothers, 57 sisters).

Dependent churches include:
 Holy Trinity Church, Tobolsk
 St. Anne's Church, Yekaterinburg
 St. John Chrysostom Church, Novokuznetsk
 St. Joseph's Church, Tyumen
 Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, Tomsk

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Russia

Sources and external links
 GCatholic.org, with Google satellite photo
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Siberian Catholic Newspaper - website of the press service of the Diocese of the Transfiguration at Novosibirsk
 Catholic Church in Western Siberia
 St. Nicholas Catholic Orphanage in Novosibirsk

Novosibirsk
Christian organizations established in 1991
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk
1991 establishments in Russia
Christianity in Novosibirsk


The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mohilev (or Mogilev or Mahilyow) was a territorial Latin rite division of the Roman Catholic Church, covering a significant western proportion of the territory of the Tsarist Russian empire.

History
It was erected as Diocese of Mohilev in 1772 by the Russian empress Catherine the Great, in a unilateral action independent of Rome. Its territory was split off from the Dioceses of Inflanty and Smolensk. Its initial see was the imperial capital city Saint Petersburg.

In 1782 Catherine elevated the diocese to non-Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mohilev, and in 1783 these actions were recognised by Pope Pius VI in the bull Onerosa pastoralis officii.

On 9 August 1798, it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Minsk (in Belarus); the same year it was raised to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Mohilev. The archdiocese remained the Latin Metropolitan see for Russia throughout imperial times and the Soviet period, although for much of the latter period it was the subject of repression and had no incumbent archbishop.

In 1818 it gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of Smolensk.

It repeatedly lost territory, to establish successively the Cherson on 3 July 1848, the Apostolic Exarchate of Russia in 1917, the Diocese of Riga on 22 September 1918, the Apostolic Vicariate of Finland on 8 June 1920 and the Apostolic Vicariate of Siberia on 1 December 1921.

It was suppressed on 13 April 1991. Mogilev is a city in present-day Belarus, and with the demise of the Soviet Union the Archdiocese's territory and title were merged into its former daughter-suffragan of Minsk (which had often been governed ad interim by its Metropolitan, as Apostolic administrator), in the newly independent country's capital, to create the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev. The territorial boundaries of the new archdiocese were redrawn to include only territory within Belarus. Territories of the former archdiocese falling within present-day Russia were reassigned, first to the Apostolic Administration of European Russia, and subsequently to what are now the Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow in the north and the Diocese of Saint Clement at Saratov in the south.

Episcopal ordinaries
All Latin, Roman Rite.

Suffragan Bishops of Mohilev

Metropolitan Archbishops of Mohilev
1783–1826: Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz, previously Titular Bishop of Mallus (1773.07.12 – 1783.12.11), Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1773.07.12 – 1783.12.11)
1828–1831: Kasper Cieciszowski, previously Titular Bishop of Theveste (1775.05.29 – 1784.08.07), Coadjutor Bishop of Kyiv–Černihiv (Ukraine) (1775.05.29 – 1784.08.07), succeeding as Bishop of Kyiv–Černihiv (1784.08.07 – 1798.11.17), Bishop of Lutsk and Zytomierz (Ukraine) (1798.11.17 – 1828.06.23)
1841: Ignacy Pawłowski, previously Titular Bishop of Megara (1828.06.23 – 1841.03.01), Auxiliary Bishop of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukraine) (1828.06.23 – 1841.03.01)
1849–1851: Kazimierz Dmochowski, previously Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1840.12.17 – 1848.07.03), Titular Bishop of Meloë in Lycia (1840.12.17 – 1849.07.17), Auxiliary Bishop of Žemaitija (Lithuania) (1848.07.03 – 1849.07.17)
1851–1855: Ignacy Hołowiński, succeeding as previous Titular Bishop of Carystus & Coadjutor Archbishop of Mohilev (1848.07.03 – 1851.01.24)
1856–1863: Wacław Żyliński, previously Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1848.07.03 – 1856.10.27)
1872–1883: Antoni Fijałkowski, previously Titular Bishop of Tanasia & Auxiliary Bishop of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukraine) (1858.06.25 – 1860.03.23), succeeding as Bishop of Kamyanets-Podilsky (1860.03.23 – 1872.02.23); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1872.02.23 – 1883.02.11)
1883–1889: Aleksander Gintowt-Dziewałtowski, previously Bishop of Lutsk and Zytomierz (Ukraine) (1883.03.15 – 1891.12.14) and Apostolic Administrator of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukraine) (1883.03.15 – 1891.12.14); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1891.12.14 – 1899.11.26)
1891–1899: Szymon Marcin Kozłowski, previously Bishop of Lutsk and Zytomierz (Ukraine) (1883.03.15 – 1891.12.14), Apostolic Administrator of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukraine) (1883.03.15 – 1891.12.14); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1891.12.14 – 1899.11.26)
1901–1903: Bolesław Hieronim Kłopotowski, previously Titular Bishop of Eleutheropolis (1897.08.02 – 1899.12.14), Auxiliary Bishop of Lutsk and Zytomierz (Ukraine) (1897.08.02 – 1899.12.14), then Bishop of Lutsk and Zytomierz (Ukraine) (1899.12.14 – 1901.04.15), Apostolic Administrator of Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukraine) (1899.12.14 – 1901.04.15); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1901.04.15 – 1903.02.24)
1903–1905: Jerzy Szembek, previously Bishop of Płock (Poland) (1901.04.15 – 1903.11.09); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1903.11.09 – 1905.08.07)
1908–1909: Apolinary Wnukowski, previously Bishop of Płock (Poland) (1904.04.01 – 1908.11.29); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1908.11.29 – 1909.06.04)
1910–1914: ; also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1910.04.07 – 1914.09.22); later Titular Archbishop of Philippopolis (modern (Sofia and) Plovdiv, Bulgaria) (1914.09.22 – 1917.02.23)
1917–1926: Eduard von der Ropp, previously Bishop of Tiraspol (Moldova) (1902.06.09 – 1903.11.09), Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1903.11.09 – 1917.07.25); also Apostolic Administrator of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1917.07.25 – 1918.10.23)
1923.07.05 – 1925.12.14 Jan Feliks Cieplak, as Apostolic Administrator; previously Titular Bishop of Evaria (1908.07.12 – 1919.03.28), Auxiliary Bishop of Mohilev (Belarus) (1908.07.12 – 1925.12.14), Titular Archbishop of Acrida (Epirus) (1919.03.28 – 1925.12.14); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1925.12.14 – 1926.02.17)
1926–1981: Boļeslavs Sloskāns, as Apostolic administrator, also Titular Bishop of Cillium (1926.05.05 – 1981.04.18); also Apostolic Administrator of Minsk (Belarus) (1926.08.13 – 1981.04.18).

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Russia

References

Sources and external links
 GCatholic.org, with incumbent biography links
 Catholic Hierarchy

Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Ex-Soviet Europe
Roman Catholic dioceses in Belarus
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 18th century
1772 establishments in the Russian Empire


These are the official results of the Men's Javelin Throw event at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. There were a total number of 27 participating athletes, with the final held on Sunday August 12, 2001. The qualification mark was set at 84.00 metres.

Medalists

Schedule
All times are Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7)

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Group A

Group B

Final

See also
 1998 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Budapest)
 2000 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Sydney)
 2002 Men's European Championships Javelin Throw (Munich)
 2004 Men's Olympic Javelin Throw (Athens)

References
 Results
 koti.welho
 IAAF

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Javelin throw at the World Athletics Championships


The 1991 World Judo Championships were the 17th edition of the World Judo Championships, and were held in Barcelona, Spain from July 25 to July 28, 1991.

Medal overview

Men

Women

Medal table

External links
Videos of championshipfights on de.video.search.yahoo.com
Results on www.judoinside.com

W
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World Judo Championships
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