The Canton of Les Trois-Îlets is a former canton in the Arrondissement of Le Marin on Martinique. It had 7,587 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded in 2015. The canton comprised the commune of Les Trois-Îlets.

References

Cantons of Martinique


The Lost River is a river that rises in Vernon Township, Washington County, Indiana, and discharges into the East Fork of the White River in Lost River Township, Martin County, Indiana.  The river's unusual hydrology has led to two of its features being named as National Natural Landmarks.

Description
The Lost River is about  long, and its name is derived from the fact that at least  of the primary course of the river flows completely underground.  The river's underground channels may in fact cover hundreds of miles, as the caverns have never been fully explored. The river disappears into a series of sink holes of the type that are abundant in the karstland of southern Indiana. In one square mile there are as many as 1,022 sink holes. The river slips into and out of these sink holes at various points flowing into hidden caverns that connect with multiple other streams, rivers, and springs.

The Lost River begins as a normal river in Washington County, but soon after rising, the river flows over and into a limestone bed (karst) for several miles until the stream bed turns dry; the water is absorbed into the limestone and sinks beneath the surface to a hidden cavern.

The river then flows underground through a network of caves and channels through part of Orleans Township, Paoli Township, and part of Orangeville Township before reappearing on the surface near the village of Orangeville. Where the river rises to the surface in Orange County it produces a spring that is  deep, with the very bottom connecting to the actual underground channel. This spring, the second largest in the state, is known as the True Rise, because many inaccurately believe that the Orangeville Rise is the main channel of the river. The Orangeville rise is a likely tributary of the underground Lost River. The river then continues its westward flow above ground.  The rise in Orangeville unfortunately is not picturesque, but is little more than a gloomy pond that feeds a muddy stream.

At most times and under most conditions, other than extreme flooding, the westward-flowing Lost River vanishes into a series of sinkholes in a river bed located close to Indiana State Road 337 four miles (6 km) east of Orleans. The sinkholes into which the river flows are progressively the Stein Swallowhole, then Turner Swallowhole, and, by far the largest, the Tolliver Swallowhole.  The river then flows underground to the National Natural Landmark Wesley Chapel Gulf, which is  large and forms a box canyon with  bedrock walls, where the river briefly appears before once again disappearing below the surface.

Approaching southern Martin County, the river resurfaces from another sink hole. Restored to the Earth's surface, it then flows westward past West Baden Springs and French Lick and flows into the East Fork of the White River.

At its mouth, the river's estimated mean annual flow rate is . A USGS stream gauge on the river near Prospect recorded a mean annual discharge of  during water years 2010–2019. The highest daily mean discharge during that period was  on May 3, 2011. The lowest daily mean discharge was  on September 23, 2012.

Underground segments
The submerged river and its tributaries probably flow through not one, but a multitude of different channels in the Orleans-Paoli area, most of which are unmapped or poorly understood.  A significant number of sinkholes, some of them of significant dimensions in and of themselves, mark pathways of the underground river and its various channels.  It is possible that the Lost River is carving a cave system for itself of dimensions similar to that of the Mammoth Cave system in nearby Kentucky.

Since 1996 a group from primarily the St. Joseph Valley Grotto has been surveying passages of what is now called the Lost River System. As of July 2008 the cave system stands at  in length. This places it as the second longest cave in Indiana and the 26th longest in the US.

In addition to the underground channels that the Lost River uses for most of its flow, the river also possesses and utilizes a dry surface bed.  During flood times all or part of the river's network of underground channels becomes saturated with water, and part of the Lost River flows in its surface bed in the same manner as a normal river.

National Natural Landmarks
The Wesley Chapel Gulf in eastern Orangeville Township is a  sinkhole which was caused by the collapse of the rock roof over one of the underground channels of the Lost River. It is part of Hoosier National Forest. In 1972, Wesley Chapel Gulf was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

The Orangeville Rise in central Orangeville Township is a spring from which water wells up in one of the discharge points from the underground hydrological network that carries the flow of the Lost River.  It is a tributary to the Lost River.

See also
List of rivers of Indiana

References

External links
Lost River Field Trip for the Indiana Water Resources Association

National Natural Landmarks in Indiana
Rivers of Orange County, Indiana
Rivers of Indiana
Tributaries of the Wabash River
Rivers of Washington County, Indiana
Rivers of Martin County, Indiana


, stylized as jubeat, is a series of arcade music video games developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan, and is a part of Konami's Bemani line of music video games. The series uses an arrangement of 16 buttons in a 4x4 grid for gameplay, a grid also used for the displaying of cues and part of the user interface.

The game went on several location tests in Asia since December 2007, and was released on July 24, 2008 in Japan, and December in Hong Kong and Macau (Mainland China didn't officially get the game until early 2010). Two attempts to localize the game for the United States market have been made since August 2008, including UBeat, a variant of the first version, and Jukebeat in 2009, a variant based on Jubeat Ripples.

A port of the game for the iOS, Jubeat Plus, was released on Apple's Japanese App Store in 2010, with a release in the US store, retitled Jukebeat like the 2009 location test, in 2011.
On April 1, 2021, Konami announced a major overhaul to Jubeat Plus via the official Jubeat Twitter account, rebranding it as Jubeat. On May 7, 2021, it was launched as a successor to both Jukebeat and Jubeat Plus on both Android and iOS.

The series' current arcade release is Jubeat Beyond the Ave, released on September 20, 2023.

Gameplay

The basic gameplay of the series is similar to Nintendo DS music games such as Osu! Tatakae! Ouendan and Elite Beat Agents and can be considered to be similar to Whac-A-Mole. Animated explosions or other animations, called "markers", that can be chosen at the song select screen are shown within the panels synced to a track of the player's choosing; when they reach a "hot point", which is dependent on the marker chosen, the player must tap the corresponding screen to score points. Taps can be judged as either Perfect, いい感じ (Good), 早い (Fast), or 遅い (Slow). 3 difficulties (Basic, Advanced, and Extreme) are offered for each song. As with other Konami games, an e-Amusement card can be used to save statistics and a player ranking, and can also be used to access unlockable songs. Single player and linked multiplayer modes with multiple cabinets are also offered. In the app version of Jubeat, players can choose from three different levels of difficulty, just like in the arcade version: basic, advanced and extreme.

Games in the series
jubeat (July 24, 2008)
jubeat ripples (August 5, 2009)
jubeat ripples APPEND (March 18, 2010)
jubeat knit (July 29, 2010)
jubeat knit APPEND (March 23, 2011)
jubeat copious (September 15, 2011)
jubeat copious APPEND (March 14, 2012)
jubeat saucer (September 25, 2012)
jubeat saucer fulfill (March 3, 2014)
jubeat prop (February 20, 2015)
jubeat Qubell (March 30, 2016)
jubeat clan (July 26, 2017)
jubeat festo (September 5, 2018)
jubeat Ave. (August 3, 2022)
jubeat beyond the Ave. (September 20, 2023)

References

 http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/jubeat-hands-on

External links

Jubeat official website
Jubeat ripples official website
Jubeat knit official website
Jubeat copious official website
Jubeat saucer location test site
Jubeat product page
Jubeat ripples product page
Jubeat knit product page
Jubeat copious product page
Jubeat plus product page

Arcade video games
Bemani games
IOS games
Konami franchises
Music video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2008


The Canton of Le Vauclin (, ) is a former canton in the arrondissement of Le Marin, Martinique. It had 9,140 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded in 2015. The canton comprised the commune of Le Vauclin.

References

Cantons of Martinique


Ducos (; Martinican Creole: ) is a town and commune in the French overseas department and region, and island of Martinique. It is where the prison is located.

It was called "Trou-au-chat" until 1855, and was renamed after the French politician Théodore Ducos. Its inhabitants are Ducossais.

Population

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Le Diamant (;  or , ) is a town and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

Geography
The town of Le Diamant is situated in southwestern Martinique, where the Diamond Rock is.

Population

See also
Communes of Martinique

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Brian William Lloyd (born 18 March 1948) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played 545 times in the Football League for five clubs and was capped three times by the Welsh national team.

He began his professional career at Stockport County in 1967, having signed from Rhyl. He transferred to Southend United two years later, before ending up at Wrexham in 1971. He spent six years as the Welsh club's first choice keeper, before he was sold to Chester City. In 1981, he was loaned out to Port Vale, before he re-signed for Stockport County. He left the Football League in 1983, and later spent some years in Welsh football with Bangor City, Colwyn Bay, Rhyl, and Lex XI. He won Player of the Year awards at both Wrexham and Chester City.

Club career
Lloyd began his career playing non-League football with Rhyl, where he played a handful of games before joining Jimmy Meadows's Stockport County for £1,000 in March 1967. The "Hatters" won the Fourth Division title in 1966–67. The club maintained a secure mid-table position in the Third Division in 1967–68 and 1968–69. He also played one game on loan at Northern Premier League side Macclesfield Town in 1968. After 32 league appearances for Stockport he moved to Southend United in September 1969 for £10,000. The "Shrimpers" finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1969–70 and then 18th in 1970–71, hovering above the re-election zone under the stewardship of first Geoff Hudson and then Arthur Rowley.

Lloyd departed Roots Hall and returned to North Wales in August 1971, beginning a long stint with John Neal's Wrexham. Lloyd played 35 games in his first season at the Racecourse Ground and was then ever-present in league games in the next five years, as the club challenged for promotion from Third Division. The "Dragons" finished 12th in 1972–73, before finishing one place and five points behind the promotion places in 1973–74. Wrexham dropped to 13th in 1974–75, before rising to sixth in 1975–76, just three places and four points outside of the promotion places. Lloyd was the club's first winner of the Jack Williams Player of the Season accolade in 1975–76. The club again narrowly missed out on automatic promotion in 1976–77, finishing just one point behind third-placed Crystal Palace.

In September 1977, Lloyd made a surprise £6,000 move to local rivals Chester. He quickly replaced fellow Welshman Grenville Millington as the regular Chester goalkeeper and helped Alan Oakes's "Seals" to finish fifth in the Third Division in 1977–78, with Lloyd being named as the club's player of the season for his efforts. He was again first-choice the following season but an injury in September 1979 led to Millington replacing Lloyd in the Chester goal. With Millington now the regular in goal and youngster Phil Harrington emerging from the youth ranks, Lloyd was allowed to join Port Vale on loan in February 1981. He played Vale's remaining sixteen matches of the season. Vale supporters and players alike appealed to manager John McGrath to sign him on permanently at Vale Park, but to no avail, he returned to Sealand Road and was subsequently released.

Ahead of the start of the following season Lloyd was back at Stockport County, who were now managed by Jimmy McGuigan. He missed just one game in two seasons back at Edgeley Park, and even managed to get on the scoresheet against Bradford City in 1982. County hovered above the Fourth Division re-election zone in 1981–82 and 1982–83 under the stewardship of Eric Webster. Lloyd dropped into non-League football, having spells with North Wales sides Bangor City (Alliance Premier League and Northern Premier League), Colwyn Bay (North West Counties League), Rhyl and Lex XI.

International career
Lloyd was capped three times by Wales in matches against Austria, England and Scotland, having twice previously played for the Welsh under 23s.

Post-retirement
After retiring as a footballer, Lloyd became a self-employed design consultant in Wrexham, a career he had initially begun after leaving school. He has won awards for his architectural work.

Career statistics

Club statistics
Source:

International statistics

Honours
Individual
Wrexham A.F.C. Player of the Year: 1975–76
Chester City F.C. Player of the Year:  1977–78

Stockport County
Football League Fourth Division: 1966–67

References

1948 births
Sportspeople from St Asaph
Footballers from Denbighshire
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's under-23 international footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Rhyl F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Bangor City F.C. players
Colwyn Bay F.C. players
Lex XI F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Welsh designers


Foreign relations exist between Armenia and  Lebanon. Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world and was the first Arab League member state that recognized the Armenian genocide.

Aid
During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.

Armenian genocide recognition
On May 11, 2000, the Lebanese parliament voted to recognize the Armenian genocide. Lebanon was the first Arabic-speaking country to have done so.

Cultural relations
The vast Armenian community in Lebanon also has several political parties and is recognised as an institution in its own right with reserved seats in parliament. Tashnag is the largest Armenian party in Lebanon, currently in government, and sits with the March 8 alliance; however, there are also parties that are supportive of the opposition March 14 alliance.
Also, Armenia and Lebanon abolished Visa Requirements between both countries during the official visit of Armenia's President Serzh Sargsyan to Baabda Palace meeting there many Political Figures including President Michel Suleiman.

See also
 Foreign relations of Armenia
 Foreign relations of Lebanon
 Armenians in Lebanon
 Armenian diaspora in the Middle East

References

Lebanon
Bilateral relations of Lebanon


Le François (; ) is a town and commune in the arrondissement of Le Marin on Martinique,  from the island capital of Fort-de-France.

Geography

Climate
Le François has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature in Le François is . The average annual rainfall is  with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Le François was  on 18 September 2020; the coldest temperature ever recorded was  on 9 February 1976.

Population

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links
Official website

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Les Anses-d'Arlet (; Martinican Creole: ) is a town and commune in the French overseas department and region of Martinique.

Population

Gallery

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links
 Official Website

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Rivière-Salée (, literally Salty River; Martinican Creole: ,  or ) is a town and commune in the French overseas department and region of Martinique.

Population

Notable people
André Lesueur (born 1947), mayor of Rivière-Salée and former member of the French National Assembly

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Mitrofan is a Slavic name derived from Greek Μητροφάνης : μήτηρ "mother + φαίνω, "appear, shine". Its English equivalent is Metrophanes.

Derived names:
 Mitrokha/Mitroha/Mitroshka, Russian diminutive; Mitrofanushka, Russian hypocoristic

Derived patronymics:
 Mitrofanovich (masculine), Mitrofanovna (feminine)

Derived surnames:  Mitrofanov/Mitrofanova, Russian; Mitrokhin/Mitrokhina, Russian; Mitrofanenko, Ukrainian

The name may refer to:
 Mitrophan of Voronezh, an Orthodox Saint and bishop
 Mitrofan Ban, Montenegrin bishop
 Mitrofan Cioban, a Moldovan mathematician
 Mitrofan Belyayev, a Russian music publisher, founder of the Glinka prize
 Mitrofan Dovnar-Zapol'skiy, a Belarusian historian and ethnographer
 Mitrofan Pyatnitsky, a Russian musician
 Mitrofan Nedelin, Soviet military commander
 Mihai Mitrofan
 Sandu Mitrofan
 Mitrofan Kodić

Given names of Greek language origin
Romanian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Romanian-language surnames


Saint-Esprit () is a commune in the French overseas department and region of Martinique.

Overview
Saint-Esprit was founded in the 18th century. The economy of the village used to based on sugar plantations. The original name of the village was Bourg des Coulisses, due to the sugar cane which was transported by streams from the hill down to the mill in the valley. In 1833, Saint-Esprit was established as a commune.

The Saint-Esprit Church was constructed in 1758 by the Capuchins. The church was relocated, and its former location is currently in use by the hospital. One of the bells of the church is named Sebastopol, and was taken during the Crimean War.

The village is located in a forested zone along the Cacaos and the Coulisses River.

The local football club is Stade Spiritain.

Population

Notable people
 Eugène Dervain (1928-2010), playwright, lawyer and judge.
 Jimmy Jean-Joseph (1972), athlete who competed at the Olympics.

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Sainte-Anne (; ) is a village and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

Geography

Climate
Sainte-Anne has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature in Sainte-Anne is . The average annual rainfall is  with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in June, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Sainte-Anne was  on 25 September 2020; the coldest temperature ever recorded was  on 25 January 1996.

Population

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links
Tourism Office

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Zoltán Glass (26 April 1903 – 24 February 1982) was a Hungarian photographer. He was one of the renowned photographers of the 20th century.

Early life
Zoltán Glass, who was known to his friends as “Zolly”, was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary on April 26, 1903. Following in his elder brother's footsteps, he began his career as an artist and caricaturist. However, he struggled to make ends meet and took various other jobs to supplement his income, including docker, night watchman, photographic retoucher, and stage designer.

Early career

In 1925, Zoltán moved to Berlin, Germany, where, like his brother Stephen Glass, he established himself as a picture editor at an evening newspaper. He then became a photojournalist at the Berliner Tagblatt. A keen motorsports enthusiast and amateur racer, Zoltán covered Germany's biggest races at the Nürburgring and Avus circuits. In 1930 Zoltán established Reclaphot, a photographic agency that specialised in advertising work, and Autophot, a company dedicated exclusively to automobile photography. His most famous photographs are of the Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrows team, which dominated Grand Prix racing during the mid-1930s.

Life in London
With the rise of Hitler, business became increasingly difficult in Germany. Zoltán, as his brother did, fled to London, taking his negatives. He was given work by another Jewish refugee, Arthur Spingarn, the owner of Sackville Advertising. However, as an enemy alien at the outbreak of World War II, he was not permitted to pursue his profession as a photographer and faced the threat of internment.

After the war, Zoltán earned a living taking publicity stills for clients in the film and theatre worlds. In 1948, after twelve years as an émigré, he became a naturalised British subject.

By the mid-1950s, he was a successful fashion and advertising photographer in the capital, with a studio at 183 Kings Road, Chelsea, and another at 41 Paradise Walk, SW3.

One of Zoltán's clients was Odhams Press, which published Lilliput, a celebrated pocket-sized gentleman's magazine that featured an assortment of titillating articles and risqué humour, together with adventurous photographic essays by such well-known talents as Bill Brandt and Brassai. He photographed the British Glamour model Pamela Green for Lilliput in 1952. He also worked as a stills photographer for film director Zoltan Korda, brother of Alexander Korda.

In 1955 a collection of Zoltán's nude photographs was published in the monograph Neue Wege Der Aktfotografie von Zoltán Glass by the German publisher Karl Hofmann.

Retirement
By 1964, Zoltán Glass had made enough money to sell his Chelsea studios to a consortium of British photographers. He then moved to a villa in Roquebrune on the French Riviera with his common-law wife Pat, a former cabaret dancer. He offered his collection of pin-up photography to glamour photographer Harrison Marks who turned it down. Zoltán died in France on February 24, 1981, at the age of 78, leaving neither offspring nor a will. His photographs were eventually given to The National Science and Media Museum in Bradford, Yorkshire.

References

External links
 Racing and fashion photographs from Science and Society Picture Library

Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Photographers from London
1903 births
1982 deaths
Photographers from Budapest
Photographers from Berlin
Nude photography
20th-century British photographers
British erotic photographers]


Sainte-Luce () is a fishing town and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.
It contains the village of Trois-Rivières and its rhum factory. Located in the touristic south of the country, it is famous for its beautiful beaches and its picturesque port.

Population

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Gülsin Onay (born 12 September 1954) is a leading Turkish concert pianist of German descent, based in Cambridge, England.

Education

Born into a musical family, Gülsin Onay began to play the piano at the age of three. Her first teacher was her mother.

When she was 6 years old, Gülsin Onay gave her first concert on TRT Radio Istanbul. At the age of 10, she received a special government scholarship under the  Üstün Yetenekli Çocuklar Kanunu (Law for Exceptionally Talented Children), which enabled her to study first in Ankara with Mithat Fenmen and Ahmed Adnan Saygun, and two years later at the Paris Conservatory, where her teachers were Pierre Sancan, Monique Haas, Pierre Fiquet and Nadia Boulanger. At the age of 16 she graduated with the Premier Prix de Piano. She continued her studies with Bernhard Ebert at the Musikhochschule Hannover.

Career

At the outset of her career Onay took prizes in leading competitions, including the Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud Piano Competition (Paris) and the Ferruccio Busoni International Piano Competition (Bolzano). Onay's international career has spanned 80 countries across all continents, from Venezuela to Japan. She has played with orchestras including Dresden Staatskapelle, English Chamber Orchestra, Japan Philharmonic, Munich Radio Symphony, Philharmonia Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic, St Petersburg Philharmonic, Tokyo Symphony, Warsaw Philharmonic and Vienna Symphony Orchestras, under such conductors as Vladimir Ashkenazy, Erich Bergel, Michael Boder, Andrey Boreyko, Jörg Faerber, Edward Gardner, Neeme Järvi, Emmanuel Krivine, Ingo Metzmacher, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Jose Serebrier, Vassily Sinaisky, Stanislaw Wislocki and Lothar Zagrosek. Onay's festival appearances include Berlin, Warsaw, Granada, Mozartfest Würzburg, Newport, Schleswig-Holstein and Istanbul.

An exceptional Chopin interpreter, Onay was in 2007 honoured with the award of a State Medal by the Polish nation. She is also acknowledged worldwide as the finest interpreter of the music of Ahmed Adnan Saygun, whose works feature prominently in her concerts and recordings, and whose Second Piano Concerto (which she has premiered in Turkey and abroad) was dedicated to her. Other contemporary composers who have dedicated works to her are Hubert Stuppner, Denis Dufour, Bujor Hoinic, Jean-Louis Petit, Muhiddin Dürrüoğlu and Marc-André Hamelin. She has also given premieres of concertos by Stuppner and Tabakov.

Onay holds the titles of State Artist in her native Turkey, and of soloist for the Presidential Symphony Orchestra in Ankara. She is “Artist in Residence” at Bilkent University in Ankara and holds an honorary doctorate degrees from Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, and from Hacettepe University in Ankara. The Sevda-Cenap And Music Foundation awarded its prestigious 2007 Honorary Award Gold Medal to Onay, and she was named "Pianist of the Year" in the 2011 Donizetti Classical Music Awards. In 2014 she was awarded the Honorary Medal of the 42nd Istanbul Music Festival, and the Honorary Medal of the Bodrum Music Festival in 2018.

Onay is Artistic Advisor of the Gümüşlük International Classical Music Festival.

Onay is Online Master Teacher at iClassical Academy with whom she has recorded several online Masterclasses.

Recordings

"An exceptional pianist, endowed with virtuosic brilliance and boundless energy, and an interpretive power both intelligent and emotionally sensitive", Onay has recorded 20 albums. Her 2007 CD, featuring live concert recordings of Tchaikovsky's 1st and Rachmaninov's 3rd Piano Concerto, has been acclaimed by critics and virtuosi alike. In 2008 CPO released her recording of both Saygun concertos with the Bilkent Symphony Orchestra and Howard Griffiths, to widespread critical acclaim. Most recently, the American label VAI has released a live DVD of her performances of the Grieg Concerto and the Saint-Saëns 2nd Concerto, to be followed in early 2011 by the first of two live recital DVDs, featuring her critically acclaimed performances from the Miami International Piano Festival.

Many of Ms. Onay's concerts have been broadcast on European radio and television, and in the USA on National Public Radio.

Honours

 Honorary doctorate degrees from Boğaziçi University in Istanbul, and from Hacettepe University in Ankara.
 1987 State Artist of the Republic of Turkey.
 2003 Appointed Goodwill Ambassador by the Turkish national committee of UNICEF.
 2007 Gold Cross of Merit of the Polish nation, awarded by the Polish President Lech Kaczyński for her contributions to Polish culture through her outstanding performances of the music of Chopin.
 2007 Honorary Award Medal of the Sevda-Cenap And Music Foundation.
 2011 “Pianist of the Year” Donizetti Classical Music Awards.
 2012 Melvin Jones Fellowship.
 2014 Honorary Medal of the 42nd Istanbul Music Festival.
 2018 Honorary Medal of the Bodrum Music Festival.

Other

Onay's mother is the daughter of the famous Turkish mathematician and scientist Kerim Erim. Her father is the German violinist Joachim Reusch. Onay's son Erkin Onay is a professional violinist. He is currently a concertmaster of the orchestra of the Ankara State Opera and Ballet. Onay is married to Tony Scholl, Professor of Algebra and Number Theory at Cambridge University.

References

External links

Music of Saygun

Living people
Turkish classical pianists
Turkish women pianists
State Artists of Turkey
1954 births
Turkish people of German descent
Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover alumni
Musicians from Istanbul
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century women pianists


General Belgrano is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative seat of General Belgrano Partido.  The provincial subdivision has a population of about 16,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,843 km2 (712 sq mi), and General Belgrano,  which is located 162 km (101 mi) from Buenos Aires, is considered to be its capital city.

Notable people

Leandro Testa (born 1976), former footballer

References

External links

 City website

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1891
1891 establishments in Argentina


The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative which is headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland, United States. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties of southern Maryland. Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit.

History
In 1937 two committees of citizens from three counties which were seeking aid to construct a local rural electric distribution system under the New Deal's Rural Electrictrification Administration formed the Southern Maryland Tri-County Electric Cooperative Association. This was reorganized as a cooperative under the SMECO name in 1942. Customers were allowed to select suppliers of electricity beginning in 2001 under the Maryland Electric Deregulation legislation enacted in 1999. From 2007 to 2011, SMECO has won the J.D. Power and Associates award for best customer service for a midsize utility.

SMECO owned a 77 MW gas turbine generator located at the Chalk Point Generating Station which began operation in 1990 and was operated and maintained by NRG Energy. In 2015 NRG acquired the turbine plant from SMECO.

FERC solar complaint
SMECO has filed a complaint with the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), alleging that the Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) coerced utilities into purchasing excess solar power generated by the state's community solar program at much higher retail rates rather than paying the amount it would have cost these utilities to create the power themselves, also known as the avoided cost. This would be in violation with the federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which establishes that any payment given to such qualifying power plants equate the utility's avoided cost. In addition, PURPA mandates that these plants do not exceed 80 MW of power.

Recently, the development of community solar programs has become increasingly prevalent in order to meet the ever-growing demand for new, viable energy sources; however, there has been much controversy regarding the surge in net metering consumers due to the resulting cost shifts which negatively affect the non-solar community now facing much higher payments to even out the increased benefits given to solar projects.

Because of the continual reduction in the cost of power, FERC has become more concerned with the discrepancy between avoided costs and wholesale prices, which continue to prevail. This has placed more focus on PURPA's roles and responsibilities in the maintenance and balance of the current energy market.

References

External links

Companies based in Maryland
Electric power companies of the United States
Electric generation and transmission cooperatives in the United States
Charles County, Maryland
Energy companies established in 1937
1937 establishments in Maryland


Whiteout (2004) is a thriller novel written by British author Ken Follett about the theft of a deadly virus from a lab in snow-covered Scotland.

Plot summary

Toni Gallo, head of security, knows she has failed when a test rabbit for research on a more dangerous form of the Ebola virus is stolen from a lab in Scotland.  But things are soon much worse when the virus itself is also stolen to be used in a terrorist attack, with inside assistance. Through a Christmas Eve blizzard, and with little help from the local police, Toni has to chase the thieves to recover the virus and save the future of the lab as well as prevent a dangerous outbreak. Meanwhile, she is falling in love with her boss, who is having the family over for Christmas at his nearby mansion.

Note: 1st edition novels are misprinted, pages 185-216 are replaced with the repeated pages of 153-184.

German TV Adaption
In 2010, it was adapted for the ZDF channel as a 2 part two-part television film called . Directed by Peter Keglevic, and starring Heiner Lauterbach, Isabella Ferrari, Tom Schilling, Matthias Brandt, Sophie von Kessel, Katharina Wackernagel and Anneke Kim Sarnau. The German-Italian prestige production cost 7 million euros to make.
Although the reviews were poor, "Wooden dialogues, lousy acting performances". Thorsten Dörting of Spiegel Online stated in 2010 "Ms. Pilcher now has the plague".

References

External links
 Ken Follett's Whiteout - official site

Novels by Ken Follett
2004 British novels
British thriller novels
Novels set in Scotland
Macmillan Publishers books


Bellefontaine (;  or ) is a village and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

See also
Communes of Martinique

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Wedding canopy  may refer to:
 Chuppah, the wedding canopy used in Jewish weddings
 Mandap, the wedding canopy used in Hindu, Sikh and Jain weddings
 Nuptial veil, the wedding canopy used in Christian weddings


Udaan () is 1997 Hindi-language action film directed by Asrani and starring Rekha, Saif Ali Khan, Prem Chopra, Danny Denzongpa, Dalip Tahil, Asrani, Deven Varma, Annu Kapoor, Mohnish Bahl.

Plot
A wealthy industrialist is killed by a villainous trio. The industrialist's daughter Varsha (Rekha ) slowly starts to unravel the truth about her father's death, she is quickly disposed of to an asylum. Varsha escapes from there with the help of a man named Raja (Saif Ali Khan). Now, Varsha and Raja together start on a difficult journey to bring the villains to justice. The film also deals with subjects like adulteration, corruption and injustice in society.

Cast

Rekha as Varsha Sahay
Saif Ali Khan as Raja
Madhoo	as Madhu
Prem Chopra as Mr. Sood
Dalip Tahil as Mr. Sethi
Mohan Joshi as Dr. Bhatia
Danny Denzongpa as Mr. Rana
Harish Patel as DSP Sahay
Deven Verma as Madhu's Uncle "Mama"
Saeed Jaffrey as Mr. Sahay
Mohnish Behl as Inspector Sharma
Asrani as Baba Shree, Shree 108, inmate of mental hospital
Annu Kapoor as Anand Lagpade from Mental Hospital
Narendra Gupta as inmate of mental hospital
Rana Jung Bahadur as inmate of mental hospital
Lalit Mohan Tiwari as inmate of mental hospital
Makrand Deshpande as Masoombhai Dayachan
Achyut Potdar as Chandra Prakash

Soundtrack

Reception
Komal Nahta of Film Information wrote that "Udaan is devoid of an exciting drama and heroism", but noted Rekha's performance.

References

External links

1997 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Anand–Milind


Le Carbet (, ; ) is a village and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

Population

See also
Communes of Martinique
Paul Gauguin Interpretation Centre

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Case-Pilote (; ) is a town and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

Population

See also
Communes of Martinique

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Fonds-Saint-Denis (; , ; ) is a village and commune in the French overseas department and region, and island, of Martinique. It is the smallest commune of the island.

Geography

Climate
Fonds-Saint-Denis has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af). The average annual temperature in Fonds-Saint-Denis is . The average annual rainfall is  with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in September, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fonds-Saint-Denis was  on 9 March 2010; the coldest temperature ever recorded was  on 12 February 1966.

See also
Communes of Martinique

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Le Morne-Vert () is a village and commune in the French overseas department of Martinique.

See also
Communes of the Martinique department

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


Le Prêcheur (; ) is a village and commune in the French overseas department, region and island of Martinique.

Asthon Tardon (1882-1944), father of Manon Tardon, was mayor of the community; their family's estate was at Anse Couleuvre.

See also
Communes of Martinique
Raphaël Etifier

References

External links

Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique


The Brown–Forsythe test is a statistical test for the equality of group variances based on performing an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on a transformation of the response variable. When a one-way ANOVA is performed, samples are assumed to have been drawn from distributions with equal variance. If this assumption is not valid, the resulting F-test is invalid. The Brown–Forsythe test statistic is the F statistic resulting from an ordinary one-way analysis of variance on the absolute deviations of the groups or treatments data  from their individual medians.

Transformation
The transformed response variable is constructed to measure the spread in each group. Let

where  is the median of group j.  The Brown–Forsythe test statistic is the model F statistic from a one way ANOVA on zij:

where p is the number of groups, nj is the number of observations in group j, and N is the total number of observations. Also  are the group means of the  and  is the overall mean of the .  This F-statistic follows the F-distribution with degrees of freedom  and  under the null hypothesis.

If the variances are indeed heterogeneous, techniques that allow for this (such as the Welch one-way ANOVA) may be used instead of the usual ANOVA.

Good, noting that the deviations are linearly dependent, has modified the test so as to drop the redundant deviations.

Comparison with Levene's test
Levene's test uses the mean instead of the median. Although the optimal choice depends on the underlying distribution, the definition based on the median is recommended as the choice that provides good robustness against many types of non-normal data while retaining good statistical power.
If one has knowledge of the underlying distribution of the data, this may indicate using one of the other choices. Brown and Forsythe performed Monte Carlo studies that indicated that using the trimmed mean performed best when the underlying data followed a Cauchy distribution (a heavy-tailed distribution) and the median performed best when the underlying data followed a χ2 distribution with four degrees of freedom (a sharply skewed distribution). Using the mean provided the best power for symmetric, moderate-tailed, distributions. O'Brien tested several ways of using the traditional analysis of variance to test heterogeneity of spread in factorial designs with equal or unequal sample sizes. The jackknife pseudovalues of s2 and the absolute deviations from the cell median are shown to be robust and relatively powerful.

See also
Bartlett's test for unequal variances, which is derived from the likelihood ratio test under the normal distribution.

References

External links
NIST: Levene Test for Equality of Variances

Statistical tests


Compagnie Nationale Excelsior, more simply known as Excelsior, was a Belgian car manufacturer established by Arthus de Coninck in Brussels in 1903. The company first started to manufacture cars in 1904.

The first models were powered by a two- or four-cylinder Aster engine. In 1907, however, the company made headlines with the Adex, powered by a six-cylinder side-valve engine with a capacity of nine litres. This car's chassis could be easily modified for Grand Prix racing. In 1912, the car took second place in the French Grand Prix, and when the Belgian royal family purchased an Excelsior, the advertising value proved considerable.

A second version of the Adex came out in 1920, with a smaller 4767 cc, six-cylinder engine including an overhead camshaft. The Adex inspired the design of the later Excelsior Albert I, which was powered by a six-cylinder engine with a capacity of 5346 cc. An Excelsior Albert I finished 6th and another 9th in the 1923 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race.

In 1929, the company was sold to its competitor Impéria. Until 1932, the company was called Impéria-Excelsior, after which the name Excelsior was dropped.

External links

 Excelsior information (in French)

Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1903
Car manufacturers of Belgium
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Belgium


Manly Surf n Slide re-opened in December 2016 after spending over $150k to upgrade what was the former Manly Waterworks. The Manly Waterworks was a water park in Manly, New South Wales, Australia. It was operated jointly with the Mount Druitt Waterworks and Cairns Waterworks, surviving after the later two became defunct.

Manly Surf n Slide features in the movie BMX Bandits starring Nicole Kidman during which an escape is staged in one of the waterslides.

Attractions
Three waterslides.

References

External links
www.manlysurfnslide.com.au

Water parks in New South Wales
Tourist attractions in Sydney
Defunct amusement parks in Australia
Manly, New South Wales


The United Kingdom participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Even If" written by Andy Abraham, Paul Wilson and Andy Watkins. The song was performed by Andy Abraham. The British entry for the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia was selected via the national final Eurovision: Your Decision, organised by the British broadcaster BBC. Six acts competed in the national final and the winner was selected through three rounds of voting.

As a member of the "Big Four", the United Kingdom automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 2, the United Kingdom placed 25th (last) out of the 25 participating countries with 14 points, making it the second time the nation had placed last in the history of the competition.

Background

Prior to the 2008 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten once: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick. For the 2007 contest, the United Kingdom finished in twenty-second place out of twenty-four competing entries with the song "Flying the Flag (For You)" performed by Scooch.

The British national broadcaster, BBC, broadcasts the event within the United Kingdom and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. BBC announced that the United Kingdom would participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 on 21 December 2007. BBC has traditionally organised a national final featuring a competition among several artists and songs to choose the British entry for Eurovision. For their 2008 entry, the broadcaster announced that a national final involving a public vote would be held to select United Kingdom's entry.

Before Eurovision

Eurovision: Your Decision

Eurovision: Your Decision was the national final developed by the BBC in order to select the British entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. Six acts competed in a televised show on 1 March 2008 held at the BBC Television Centre's Studio 8 in White City, London and hosted by Terry Wogan and Claudia Winkleman. The winner was selected through a professional jury and a public televote. The show was broadcast on BBC One. The national final was watched by 5.1 million viewers in the United Kingdom with a market share of 24%.

Competing entries
Six finalists were selected to compete in the national final and split into three categories: soloists, girl groups and Joseph v Maria (consisting of the two finalists from the BBC reality television shows Any Dream Will Do and How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?). The six artists were announced on 18 February 2008, while previews of the competing songs were premiered during The One Show on BBC One, hosted by Christine Bleakley and Adrian Chiles, between 26 and 28 February 2008.

Final
The televised final on took place on 1 March 2008. In addition to their performances, guest performers included previous Eurovision Song Contest winner Katrina Leskanich, who won the contest for the United Kingdom in 1997 as the lead vocalist of the band Katrina and the Waves performing the song "Love Shine a Light". The winner was selected over three rounds of voting. In the first round, a three-member professional jury selected one song per category to proceed to the second round: "It's You" performed by The Revelations, "Changes" performed by Simona Armstrong and "Woo (U Make Me)" performed by Michelle Gayle. The jury consisted of Terry Wogan, John Barrowman (actor, dancer, singer and television presenter) and Carrie Grant (member of the 1983 British representatives Sweet Dreams, vocal coach and television presenter). "Even If" performed by  was selected by Wogan from the remaining three songs to proceed as a wildcard. In the second round, a public televote selected "Woo (U Make Me)" performed by Michelle Gayle and "Even If" performed by Andy Abraham to proceed to the final round. In the final round, the public televote selected the winner, "Even If" performed by Andy Abraham.

At Eurovision
It was announced in September 2007 that the competition's format would be expanded to two semi-finals in 2008. According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. As a member of the "Big Four", the United Kingdom automatically qualified to compete in the final on 24 May 2008. In addition to their participation in the final, the United Kingdom is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. During the semi-final allocation draw on 24 January 2008, the United Kingdom was assigned to broadcast and vote in the second semi-final on 22 May 2008.

In the United Kingdom, the semi-finals were broadcast on BBC Three with commentary by Paddy O'Connell and Caroline Flack, while the final was televised on BBC One with commentary by Terry Wogan and broadcast on BBC Radio 2 with commentary by Ken Bruce. This was the final contest to be commentated by Wogan. The British spokesperson, who announced the British votes during the final, was Carrie Grant who represented the United Kingdom at the 1983 contest as part of the band Sweet Dreams.

Final

Andy Abraham took part in technical rehearsals on 17 and 18 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 23 and 24 May. During the running order draw for the semi-final and final on 17 March 2008, the United Kingdom was placed to perform in position 2, following the entry from Romania and before the entry from Albania.

The British performance featured Andy Abraham, dressed in a blue suit with silver elements, performing on a predominately gold and brown coloured stage with the LED screens displaying mutli-coloured sparkling squares. Abraham was joined by a drummer, two guitarists, a keyboardist and a backing vocalist, all dressed in black with the male performers also wearing white ties. The performance also featured pyrotechnic effects. The United Kingdom placed twenty-fourth (last) in the final, scoring 14 points.

Voting
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to the United Kingdom and awarded by the United Kingdom in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Cyprus in the semi-final and to Greece in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to the United Kingdom

Points awarded by the United Kingdom

After Eurovision
During the Eurovision final, commentator Terry Wogan expressed frustration with the result, having called Andy Abraham and his song "the best UK entry for a while". Right before the winner’s reprise, he said “… and possibly goodbye, Europe”. The suggestion that the United Kingdom should follow Italy's suit and no longer enter the competition was also made. In Wogan's radio show on 27 May 2008, he remarked on a conversation with Abraham who had said that he was not expecting many points due to bloc voting and another reason which Wogan was not prepared to discuss on air, presumed to be related to his race. Swedish group BWO, which revealed during an interview that they had previously been approached to compete in a British national final but refused as they were not allowed to write their own song, stated that if the United Kingdom put in more effort they can win the contest.

References

External links

 BBC's official Eurovision website

2008
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
Eurovision
Eurovision


Laelaps  (, gen.:  means "hurricane") (Lelaps, Lalaps, Lailaps) was a Greek mythological dog that never failed to catch what it was hunting.

Mythology
In one version of Laelaps' origin story, it was a gift from Zeus to Europa. The hound was passed down to King Minos, who gave it as a reward to the Athenian princess Procris. In another version of her story, she received the animal as a gift from the goddess Artemis.

Procris' husband Cephalus decided to use the hound to hunt the Teumessian fox, a fox that could never be caught.  This was a paradox: a dog that always caught its prey versus a fox that could never be caught. The chase went on until Zeus, perplexed by their contradictory fates, turned both to stone and cast them into the stars as the constellations Canis Major (Laelaps) and Canis Minor (the Teumessian fox).

Notes

References
Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.

External links

Deeds of Zeus
Greek legendary creatures
Metamorphoses into inanimate objects in Greek mythology
Mythological dogs


Lake Bramant () is a lake in the Grandes Rousses massif of the French Alps.

Bramant


The Otago Infantry Regiment (Otago Regiment) was a military unit that served within the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in World War I during the Gallipoli Campaign (1915) and on the Western Front (1916–1919). This Regiment and the Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment were composed mostly of men from  Otago and Southland. The Otago Infantry Regiment represented the continuation of the Dunedin and Invercargill Militia Battalions formed in 1860.

Preparation and first deployment
The Regiment was formed on 7 August 1914 with seven officers and up to 70 men starting their training at Dunedin's Tahuna Park. This number was to quickly grow and 34 officers and 1,076 men landed in Egypt on 1 December later that same year.

Some soldiers were never to see foreign deployment, instead being sent to the military hospital on Quarantine Island in Otago Harbour which dealt with cases of sexually transmitted disease. These diseases were to be a continuing problem in Egypt and France. The safe sex advice from people like volunteer nurse and New Zealander Ettie Rout, was actively discouraged by the authorities until late in the war.

After almost two months in Egypt on 26 January 1915 the Regiment was ordered north to Kubri, to help form a defensive line against an expect Ottoman Empire attack on the Suez Canal. The line was on the eastern side of the canal and extended between the Little Bitter Lake in the North and Suez in the South. Here they combined with the already stationed Indian troops. The attack came on 3 February and was repulsed, the Otago Infantry Regiment was kept in reserve.

Gallipoli
The Regiment began preparing for the invasion of Gallipoli in early April 1915. Their training was focused on strength for the broken and steep terrain they would encounter. At this point the Regiment (then named the Otago Battalion) had four companies, 4th (Otago), 8th (Southland), 10th (North Otago) and 14th (South Otago). On 10 April they departed Alexandria on the Annaberg, a captured enemy ship that was 'filthy beyond description, and abominably louse-ridden'. Three days later they arrived at Mudros in the Greek Islands, the staging area of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force.

The landing
On 25 April between 2:30 and 4 p.m. the Otago Battalion troops disembarked from their boats at Gallipoli. This was after a significant gap in the landings from the rest of the invasion which had occurred before 10 a.m. that morning. The Battalion was ordered first to cover the left flank and then to Plugge's Plateau where initial progress from the morning's landings had become bogged down. The Battalion was disorganized and was not incorporated into the broken front line as a single unit. Heavy fighting occurred until early the next morning. During this time several Ottoman counterattacks occurred but the Regiment held its ground, despite being without effective artillery support.

The next morning brought a considerable Ottoman artillery barrage, which could now be returned by two New Zealand guns and supporting naval vessels. The 10th Company of the Battalion was sent to Steel's Post for two days of heavy fighting to aid the Australians already there. The evening of the second day was relatively quiet along the rest of the Otago Battalion line. The invasion force had a secure beachhead, but had failed to reach their planned targets or capture the heights around the landing site.

A failed offensive
A limited offensive was instigated on 2 May to capture a ridge (later to be called Dead Man's Ridge) between Quinn's Post and Pope's Hill. It involved New Zealand and Australian troops, with the British in reserve. The Otago Battalion  was to advance about 400 m along the ridge near Knoll 700, flanked by the Canterbury Battalion. The Otago Battalion was to lose about half its men as dead and wounded in the attack.

On 26 October the 2nd Maori Contingent arrived at Suez from New Zealand adding 300 men to the Otago Infantry Regiment.

France and Flanders

The Otago Infantry Regiment was involved in fighting on the Western Front from 1916 to 1918. Before moving to France the Regiment was reorganized and now comprised the 1st and 2nd battalions as part of the newly formed New Zealand Division. The 1st Battalion was part of the Division's 1st Infantry Brigade and the 2nd Battalion was part of the 2nd Infantry Brigade, effectively splitting the Otago Infantry Regiment in two.

Lieut.-Colonel A. Moore who had senior commands, of and within, the Regiment since Egypt in 1914 was reassigned on 25 August 1916. He was later killed in action.

Two soldiers from the Otago Regiment were executed: Jack Braithwaite in 1916 and Victor Spencer in 1917, charged with mutiny and desertion respectively. They were pardoned 93 years later.

During early 1918 the 3rd Battalion from Otago supplied reinforcements to the two active Otago Battalions on the front. Archibald Baxter an Otago conscientious objector was assigned to the 3rd Otago Battalion during early 1918.

In June 1918 Cecil Alloo rose from the ranks in the Regiment to become the first commissioned officer of Chinese descent in New Zealand's armed forces.

The Regiment last saw action on 5 November 1918. The armistice was met with apathy by most of the men of the Regiment.

Germany
Some in the Regiment expressed a wish to return to New Zealand when the war ended; however, the New Zealand Division was given occupation duties. On 28 November the Regiment advanced through Belgium towards Germany, on foot due to the damaged rail network.  On 1 December, in Bavais, George V and Edward VIII (then Prince of Wales) attended a Church Service with members of the Regiment. They then continued their journey and reached the German border on 20 December 1918. Their final deployment was in Mulheim which they reached by train, boat and on foot. The attitude of the liberated French and Belgian populous was one of unmitigated enthusiasm, while the Germans were reserved, possibly afraid, but not openly hostile.

The Regiment's main duties during the occupation of Germany were guarding war supplies and clearing mines. On 4 February 1919 due to thinning ranks as men were sent home, the Regiment was consolidated into a single Otago Battalion. The Otago Battalion was finally amalgamated into the South Island Battalion on 27 February. By the start of April the South Island Battalion had left Germany. The Otago Infantry Regiment was well represented one last time at a victory parade through London on 3 May and then returned home.

Return to Otago and the Regiment's future
The men of the Regiment returned to Dunedin to a heroes welcome, greater social standing and numerous types of financial assistance. This was of considerable benefit to most of those who were physically or mentally healthy enough to take advantage of the opportunities.

The Otago Infantry Regiment was reinstated as the Otago Regiment and the Southland Regiment, which existed intermittently between 1921 and 1948. They did not see overseas service in World War II. However, later iterations of the Regiment would claim battle honours from the battalions of the 2nd Division that contained large numbers of Otago and Southland troops (23rd, 26th, 30th and 37th). The Otago and Southland regiments were amalgamated in 1948 to form the Otago Southland Regiment (renamed the 4th Otago and Southland Battalion Group in 1964). As of this Battalion's amalgamation in 2012 no infantry unit has the Otago name.

Gallery

See also
List of New Zealand soldiers executed during World War I

Related military units

New Zealand Division
New Zealand Expeditionary Force
Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment
Otago and Southland Regiment

War graves

List of war cemeteries and memorials on the Gallipoli Peninsula
List of Commonwealth War Graves Commission World War I memorials to the missing in Belgium and France

References

Sources

External links
Blog retracing the Otago Regiment's journey
Documentary retracing the Otago Regiment's journey

Infantry regiments of New Zealand
Military units and formations established in 1914
History of Otago
1914 establishments in New Zealand


Iginia Boccalandro Valentina (born February 14, 1961 in Caracas, Distrito Capital) is a Venezuelan Olympic athlete.

Life
She was born in Caracas, Venezuela, but trained in Salt Lake City in the United States. She was a volleyball player and downhill skier in Venezuela before switching careers due to chronic knee problems. In 1994, she joined a developmental luge program sponsored by the United States luge association. She took part in the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics, finishing 28th in luge at Nagano. Boccalandro was the first Venezuelan to participate in the Winter Olympics.

In 2002, during the Winter Games in Salt Lake City, she carried the Venezuelan flag in opening ceremonies. At the end of her first descent she lost control of her sled, having a serious accident. In one of the last curves she lost her balance and was separated from her sled. She hit both sides of the lane a number of times, but was unharmed (although she received a DNF). The accident raised questions about whether athletes from warmer climates should be allowed to participate in the Olympics under their diversity policy, highlighting the lack of training and experience that could prove a danger to safety.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Venezuelan female lugers
Venezuelan people of Italian descent
Lugers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Olympic lugers for Venezuela
Sportspeople from Caracas


Malchion, a Church Father and presbyter of Antioch during the reigns of Emperors Claudius II and Aurelian, was a well-known rhetorician most notable for his key role in the 272 AD deposition of the heretical bishop of Antioch, Paul of Samosata. He was very familiar with and frequently quoted pagan authors. and was president of the faculty of rhetoric while presbyter of Antioch. He forced Paul to reveal his beliefs and wrote a letter calling him a heretic and criminal to the bishops of Rome and Alexandria.  St. Jerome, a Great Western Doctor of the Catholic Church, dedicates chapter 71 of his biographical tome On Illustrious Men to Malchion.

Notes and references

External links

 Malchion, a presbyter of Antioch
Extant writings of Malchion

Church Fathers
3rd-century Christian clergy


The following article presents a summary of the 1949 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 48th season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista
Final Standings

São Paulo declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

Relegation
The worst placed team, which is Comercial-SP, was relegated to the following year's second level.

State championship champions

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1949.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1949 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


Christoph von Marschall (born 1959) is a German journalist working for the daily Berlin newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. He is currently titled the diplomatic correspondent of the newspaper's editorial offices.

During the period 2005 to 2013 he was the only German in the White House press corps. Again in 2017–2018 he reported on the White House from Washington, D.C.

Biography
Christoph von Marschall was born in 1959 in Freiburg im Breisgau. From there, he studied Eastern European history and political science in Freiburg, Mainz, and Cracow, and earned a doctorate in Eastern European history from Freiburg University in 1988. Soon afterwards, he became a foreign correspondent in Hungary for the Süddeutsche Zeitung and remained in this job until 1991. While there, he also worked for the Deutschlandfunk radio service and the magazine Cicero. In 1999, Marschall was awarded a Kellen Fellowship that enabled him to spend one month working at The New Republic and a further month at The Wisconsin State Journal.

In 2002, Marschall received the George F. Kennan German-American Commentary Award of the Foreign Office for a commentary post related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

In 2007, Marschall wrote a book about the presidential candidate Barack Obama, Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy. The literal translation of its German title is "Barack Obama. The Black Kennedy". The book was a best seller in Germany, where other commentators had also compared Obama with John F. Kennedy.

In 2007 and 2008 Marschall covered the Obama campaign for the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. He was often interviewed in the American press about Obama's popularity in Europe. Towards the end of the campaign he wrote an op-ed column in The Washington Post in which he complained about the lack of access Obama had granted to foreign journalists.

His latest book, published in German in 2018, is titled "Wir verstehen die Welt nicht mehr. Deutschlands Entfremdung von seinen Freunden", and deals with current German foreign policy in relationship to its European and transatlantic allies.

References

1959 births
German journalists
German male journalists
Living people
German male writers


Appalachian Volunteers (AV) was a non-profit organization engaged in community development projects in central Appalachia that evolved into a controversial community organizing network, with a reputation that went "from self-help to sedition" as its staff developed from "reformers to radicals," teaching things from Marx, Lenin and Mao, in the words of one historian, in the brief period between 1964 and 1970 during the War on Poverty.

Origins

The Appalachian Volunteers (AV) began as an activity of the Council of the Southern Mountains (CSM), which had been headquartered in Berea, Kentucky, since 1925. Following President Lyndon Johnson's State of the Union message of January 8, 1964, in which he announced his War on Poverty, CSM staff member Milton Ogle organized a group of students from Berea College to help repair a one-room school in Harlan County, Kentucky. During the following two months, students from other eastern Kentucky colleges were involved in similar weekend projects.   A meeting was held at the Pine Mountain Settlement School in Harlan County to formally organize the Appalachian Volunteers to expand such efforts. Representatives of the Kentucky Governor's office, the President's Appalachian Regional Commission, and the President's Committee for a War on Poverty were present to encourage college and school officials and to promise federal support. A $50,000 grant from the federal Area Redevelopment Administration to the CSM was arranged in March 1964 to fund AV activities during the rest of the year.

Program expansion

During 1964 the AV continued to expand the number of colleges involved in school renovation, cultural enrichment, and recreation programs for children in one and two room schools.  A prototype summer project was tested by an AV staff member and three students, who spent eight weeks in Clay County, Kentucky, providing recreation and remedial work for the children in a remote hollow. A "Books for Appalachia" campaign, which collected over a million volumes, was begun in cooperation with the National Parent-Teacher Association.

Following the establishment of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) in fall 1964, the AV applied for a Community Action Program demonstration grant, and was awarded $300,000 in December to expand its program in 1965. The following spring the AV negotiated a $40,000 training grant with VISTA. The new funding allowed Ogle to hire staff, including Gibbs Kinderman, a recent Harvard graduate who had taken part in the Freedom Summer project in Mississippi in 1964. Also in spring 1965 the AVs received a $139,000 community action demonstration grant to support 150 college students for an eight-week summer project in eastern Kentucky. Half the students were recruited from the Kentucky colleges with active AV chapters, and the other half were recruited from colleges and universities in such major cities as Boston, Chicago and New York.

Break with the Council of the Southern Mountains

As the AV students and staff became more deeply involved in poor rural communities, they began to see local politicians and school leaders as part of the problem rather than allies in uplift. The AV began to move from a consensus to a conflict understanding of how social change takes place. In 1966 tensions between the AV and the CSM came to a head when CSM executive director Perley Ayer, who was committed to a nonpolitical, consensus vision of community development, fired AV director Ogle and his assistant director. The remaining 13 AV staff resigned. They quickly moved to incorporate as a separate organization, and OEO promptly transferred its grants to the newly independent AV. To emphasize its separation from the CSM, the AV moved its headquarters from Berea, Kentucky, to Bristol, Tennessee, a location more central to the southern Appalachians into which the AV hoped to expand.

With its new funding the AV greatly expanded its summer program in 1966, placing 500 students with eight-week projects in four states: eastern Kentucky, southern West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, and eastern Tennessee. OEO was becoming unhappy with the failure of many community action agencies (CAAs) in central Appalachia to take seriously its mandate of "maximum feasible participation" of the poor in the administration of the CAAs. OEO encouraged the AV to rally the rural poor for a bigger role in the local CAAs. Conflict in Kentucky's Cumberland Valley was acute, and led to a controversial defunding of its eight-county CAA, which was split into one- and two-county agencies.

Strip-mining and the sedition controversy

As the summer of 1967 approached, the AV made plans for 400 students in three states, (pulling back from a small project in eastern Tennessee). During the previous winter, field coordinator Steve Daugherty became concerned about a landslide from a strip-mine bench that threatened a house at the head of Jones Creek, above Verda on the Clover Fork of  the Cumberland River in Harlan County. Daugherty contacted the original Knott County members of the Appalachian Group to Save the Land and People (AGSLP) that had generated widespread publicity when the Widow Combs resisted strip-mine operators, and 80-year-old Dan Gibson threatened the bulldozers with his rifle in 1965.  Daugherty helped organize an AGSLP chapter in Harlan County, and encouraged Joe Mulloy, AV field coordinator in Pike County, Kentucky to do the same, as conflict over strip-mining was developing on Island Creek, where Jink Ray was planning to block bulldozers from his land. Mulloy was joined by local activist Edith Easterling, an AV intern and one of several local Kentucky women who became involved in the AV and were fundamental to organizing communities. The stand-off gained statewide publicity, and ended only when Governor Edward T. Breathitt flew to Island Creek in July to see for himself and suspend the coal operator's permit, and on August 1 revoked the permit to strip-mine Ray's property.

On the evening of August 11, 1967, as the AV summer volunteer program was winding down, the Pike County sheriff raided the homes of AV Joe Mulloy and his wife Karen (an AV Vista volunteer) and Alan and Margaret McSurely, who were then working for the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF), and confiscated a large quantity of  the McSurelys' personal papers and books. (Alan had worked briefly for the AV that spring). Books that supposedly demonstrated their seditious nature included "a large number of works about Communism, including a couple dozen by Marx, Engels, and Lenin," as well as copies of Joseph Heller's novel, Catch-22, and Mao's Red Book. Joe Mulloy and the McSurelys were charged with sedition ("plotting the violent overthrow of Pike County, Kentucky") by Pike County Commonwealth Attorney Thomas Ratliff, who was a Republican candidate for lieutenant governor and president of the Independent Coal Operators Association. SCEF's controversial leaders, Anne and Carl Braden, were also charged, although they resided in Louisville. Three days later federal appeals court judge Bert T. Combs (a former Kentucky governor) declared Kentucky's sedition statute unconstitutional and dismissed the charges.

Although the sedition charges were thrown out of court, the case continued to haunt the AV. The group's opponents were encouraged to go on the attack in hope of cutting off OEO funding. For their part, the McSurelys spent eighteen years in various courts, first to get back their personal papers and books, and then suing for financial damages various individuals who had held them illegally, with only limited success.  The AV had supported Joe Mulloy when he was charged with sedition, but later that fall when he announced he would resist being drafted to fight in Vietnam, most of the local AV staff opposed having to defend his position. After bitter discussion and argument, the full staff voted 20 to 19 to fire Mulloy, who then went to work for SCEF.

Governor Nunn and KUAC

Congressional leaders were becoming concerned by the controversies generated by OEO's community action programs across the country, and in 1967 Oregon Representative Edith Green authored an amendment to the Economic Opportunity Act, attached to an appropriation bill, which assured that local political officials would have more influence on CAAs. Knowing its OEO funding was threatened, the AV retrenched and attempted to focus its scattered projects. Needing a more central location for its downscaled programs, now limited to eastern Kentucky and  southern West Virginia, the AV moved its central office from Bristol, Tennessee to Prestonsburg, Kentucky in March 1968. In July, Milton Ogle announced that he would resign from his position as executive director of the AV in September.  Assistant director David Walls was appointed acting director, and was later confirmed as executive director for the organization's final year.

Adding to the AV's troubles, Louie B. Nunn had been elected governor of Kentucky in November 1967 (the only Republican governor of Kentucky between 1943 and 2003). He moved quickly to support legislation creating the Kentucky Un-American Activities Committee (KUAC), which passed in March 1968. Once KUAC had held hearings on the civil disorders in Louisville, governor Nunn honored his political debts to the independent coal operators by supporting the dispatch of KUAC to Pikeville to investigate alleged "subversive" activities in anti-poverty programs and at Pikeville College. One focus of the hearing was the AV's work for reduced tap-on fees for poor people to a proposed water system along Marrowbone Creek. Walls issued a statement challenging the constitutionality of KUAC and the legality of the hearings, noting the topic of the water system would be better suited for a public utilities commission. The AV senior staff refused invitations to appear, but were not issued subpoenas, which they had hoped to challenge in court. Local AV staff who were subpoenaed, including Edith Easterling, appeared and denounced KUAC and its local political and coal operator allies.

Although the KUAC hearings caused serious difficulties for the AV, the most immediate casualty was Thomas Johns, the liberal president of Pikeville College, who faced what was most likely the only conservative student revolt in the United States in 1968. He resigned not long after.

AV in West Virginia

The AV sent staff  to West Virginia in 1966 to prepare for the expanded program of summer volunteers. Unconstrained by the earlier history of one-room schoolhouse service projects in Kentucky, the West Virginia  staff moved immediately into the contention over poor people's representation on the county community action agencies. Their greatest success came in Raleigh County, where insurgent groups gained control of the CAA board and named Gibbs Kinderman executive director.  In 1968 the AV staff helped form the Fair Elections Committee in Mingo County where voter fraud was rampant, and also supported the Political Action League in Raleigh, Mingo and Wyoming Counties, which ran a slate of reform candidates.

Governor Hulett C. Smith had requested that OEO cease funding the AV, and OEO was not persuaded to continue its program grants. Walls announced that support for AV activity in West Virginia would end on January 1, 1969. Kinderman and Tom Rhodenbaugh formed Designs for Rural Action, which supported the Black Lung Association and the Miners for Democracy movements which helped Arnold Miller become the reform president of the United Mine Workers of America following the murder of Joseph Yablonski. The AV also helped start the legal services group Appalachian Research and Defense Fund (Appalred). Milton Ogle moved to Charleston, West Virginia, and after a year's sabbatical went to work for Appalred. Kinderman became director of the Mountaineer Family Health Plan in Raleigh County. Bill Schechter worked for the successful campaign of Jay Rockefeller, who ran for West Virginia secretary of state in 1968. Schechter and Bruce Boyens later worked for the UMWA in West Virginia. AV staff Tom Bethell, Tom Rhodenbaugh, and Dave Biesmeyer went to work for Arnold Miller's reform team in the UMWA national office in Washington, DC.

Decline and demise

By 1969 the AV was operating on the unexpended funds from previous grants, under extensions from OEO. Despite the endorsement of influential liberals like Robert Coles and a favorable review by the OEO regional office, no more OEO grants were forthcoming. Walls continued to seek private foundation funds, but none were obtained beyond modest support for an orderly close-out. Federal funding for the AV was over, and working part-time, Walls attempted to downsize in a fashion that could successfully spin off legal services to Appalred, the Grassroots Craftsmen co-op to the Commission on Religion in Appalachia (CORA) under Ben Poage, and welfare rights activities to local groups. He also transferred some of the last AV funds to the Mud Creek Clinic, organized by activist Eula Hall. Walls resigned as director at the end of April 1970 to devote full-time to graduate studies at the University of Kentucky, and the AV closed its doors later that year.

Reunion

A reunion of former AVs was held in Richmond, Kentucky, March 11–13, 2011, in conjunction with the 34th annual conference of the Appalachian Studies Association.

Archives

The archives of the AV were donated to the Weatherford-Hammond Mountain Collection of the Hutchins Library at Berea College in 1969. It consists of 146 boxes of correspondence, records, government grants, reports, newspaper clippings, photographs, slides, film, and sound recordings.

See also

 Before the Mountain Was Moved

Notes

References

Leonard Pardue, "Volunteers Put East Kentucky School into Warmer Shape: Big-Hearted Amateurs," The Louisville Times, March 13, 1964, p. 11.
John Fetterman, "Culture Woos Stinking Creek," The Courier-Journal Magazine, November 15, 1964, pp. 5–11.
Paul Good, "Kentucky's Coal Beds of Sedition," The Nation, September 4, 1967, pp. 166–169.
John Fetterman, "Kentucky's Still Ravaged Land," The Courier-Journal & Times Magazine, September 10, 1967, pp. 4–15.
Fred W. Luigart Jr., "Kentucky Sedition Law Ruled Unconstitutional," The Courier-Journal, September 15, 1967, p. 1, back page.
Robert Coles, M.D., and Joseph Brenner, M.D., "American Youth in a Social Struggle (II): The Appalachian Volunteers," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 1 (January 1968), pp. 31–46.
Charles Spradlin, "Director of Appalachian Volunteers Resigns Post,"  The Herald-Dispatch (Huntington, WV), July 19, 1968.
Bill Peterson, "Internal Fight Splits Pikeville as KUAC Probe Nears: Entrenched Establishment vs. the Dissidents," The Courier-Journal, October 14, 1968, pp. B1-back page.
Bill Peterson, "KUAC Witnesses Clash on Role of Volunteers: Pikeville Hearing Room Packed," The Courier-Journal, October 16, 1968.
"Revolt in Reverse," Time, November 29, 1968.
Bill Peterson, "The Appalachian Volunteers: A Look at Them First Hand—Embattled Poverty Fighters," The Courier-Journal, December 12, 1968, p. A9.
William Greider, "Politics Ends Appalachia Experiment," Washington Post, September 29, 1969, p. A5.
Billy D. Horton, The Appalachian Volunteers: A Case Study in Community Conflict (M.A. Thesis, University of Kentucky, 1971).
David S. Walls & John B. Stephenson, eds., Appalachia in the Sixties: Decade of Reawakening (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1972).
Huey Perry, They'll Cut Off Your Project: A Mingo County Chronicle (New York: Praeger, 1972).
Harry M. Caudill, My Land Is Dying (New York: Dutton, 1973).
Richard Harris, Freedom Spent (Boston: Little, Brown,  1976).
Guy and Candie Carawan, Voices from the Mountains, new edition (1975; University of Georgia Press, 1996).
David E. Whisnant, "One-Eye in the Land of the Blind: The Appalachian Volunteers," ch. 7 in Modernizing the Mountaineer: People, Power, and Planning in Appalachia (New York: Burt Franklin & Company, 1980), pp. 185–219.
Eloise Salholz with Diane Camper, "The McSurelys' Judgment Day," Newsweek, January 17, 1983, pp. 62–63.
Mike King, "Search for Justice: The McSurelys' Long Ordeal," The Courier-Journal Magazine, February 27, 1983, pp. 8–16.
Mike Brown, "Long legal battle ends for couple in rights dispute," The Courier-Journal, December 3, 1985, pp. 1, back page.
Thomas J. Kiffmeyer, "From Self-Help to Sedition: The Appalachian Volunteers in Eastern Kentucky, 1964–1970," The Journal of Southern History, Vol. XIV, No. 1 (February 1998), pp. 65–94.
Thomas Kiffmeyer, Reformers to Radicals: The Appalachian Volunteers and the War on Poverty (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2008).
Jessica Wilkerson, To Live Here, You Have to Fight: How Women Led Appalachian Movements for Social Justice (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2019).
Jessica Wilkerson, “The Appalachian War on Poverty and the Working Class,” in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History (Oxford University Press, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.778
Aaron D. Purcell, "Seeing Red in the Bluegrass: The Kentucky Un-American Activities Committee and Conservatism in the Late 1960s," in Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 117, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 57–93. doi:10.1353/khs.2019.0026

External links
 AV Archives at Berea College Hutchins Library

Appalachian culture in Kentucky
Society of Appalachia
Harlan County, Kentucky
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1964
University of Pikeville


Conjunto Chappottín, also known as Chappottín y sus Estrellas, is a Cuban son conjunto from Havana. It was founded in 1950 by trumpeter Félix Chappottín, pianist Lilí Martínez, singer Miguelito Cuní and other members of Arsenio Rodríguez's conjunto, which was partially disbanded after his departure to the USA. Currently, the group is directed by Jesús Ángel Chappottín Coto, the grandson of Félix Chappottín.

History
The founding of the band dates back to the 1940s. Its founder Arsenio Rodríguez was one of the country's most renowned band leaders with major influences on the Latin jazz and Salsa music of the next decades. With his Conjunto he was the first to add reed and brass instruments to a Latin band at that time. When Arsenio Rodríguez left Cuba in 1950 to undergo an ophthalmological intervention in New York to treat his eye disease, he handed the musical direction over to his first trumpet player, Félix Chappottín.

The band was renamed Félix Chappottín y su Conjunto Todos Estrellas. The band maintained a large repertoire of Arsenio Rodriguez, adding new pieces by Felix Chappottin and other artists. His son, Angel Chappottin Valdes, was also a trumpeter in the band. Felix Chappottín directed the band successfully until the year of his death in 1983.

From 1983 until the 1990s his son Angel Chappottín Valdes was musical director. Since then, the grandson of Felix Chappottín, Jesús Ángel Chappottín Coto, trumpeter, has directed the Conjunto Chappottín together Miguelito Cuni Jr., singer, percussionist and son of the former lead singer Miguelito Cuní. Angel Chappottín Valdes played congas with the group after his retirement.

In 2014, Conjunto Chappottín y Sus Estrellas made their first tour of the United States.

Style

The band dedicates to the traditional son with a variety of different stylistic elements such as son-montuno, guajira, guaracha, mambo, danzon, danzonette, charanga, afro-son, bembe, Cuban rumba (made up of yambú, columbia & guaguanco), and cha cha cha.

With the additional horn group Arsenio Rodríguez changed the traditional setting of a son band. Arsenio Rodríguez was one of the most influential Cuban musicians of the last century and had major influences of the development of Salsa and Latin jazz.

Under the direction of Felix Chappottín, the successor of Arsenio Rodríguez and musical director of the band for more than 3 decades, who was often compared with Louis Armstrong, the band gained international reputation.

Members

Founding members
 Felix Chappottín: trumpet, leader
 Lilí Martínez: piano, arrangements
 Miguelito Cuní: lead vocals
 Arturo "Alambre Dulce" Harvey: tres
 Sabino Peñalver: bass
 Félix "Chocolate" Alfonso: congas
 Antolín Suárez "Papa Kila": bongos
 Pepín Vaillant: trumpet
 Aquilino Valdés: trumpet
 Cecilio Cerviz: trumpet
 Udalberto "Chicho" Fresneda: guitar, vocals
 Carlos Ramírez: guitar, vocals
 Conrado Cepero: vocals
 René Álvarez: vocals

Current members
 Jesús Ángel Chappottín Coto: trumpet, musical director
 Miguel Arcángel Conill Hernández (Miguelito Cuní Jr.): singer and percussion
 Ángel Remigio Laborí Hernández: piano
 Francisco Vasallo Labrada: tumba
 Eduardo Antonio Canas Oliva: percussion
 Manuel Guará Colás: trumpet
 Gregorio Martínez Pedroso: trumpet
 Roberto Ortega Oviedo: trumpet
 José Lussón Bueno: singer
 Eduardo Font Paniagua: singer
 Eduardo Sandoval Nobregas: singer

Selected discography
1991: Conjunto Chappottin
1992: Estrellas de Cuba
1993: Chappottín y su Conjunto
1993: Sabor Tropical
1995: Canta Miguelito Cuni
1995: Chappotín y sus Estrellas
1995: Serie de Oro
1997: Que Se Funan
1999: Senores del Son
1999: Mi son mi son mi son
2000: Seguimos Aqui Chappottineando
2001: Mariquitas y Chicharrones
2001: Havana Social Club
2002: La Guarapachanga
2003: Son, Boleros y Montuno Con Sabor a Quimbombo
2003: Una Nueva Generacion
2006: Conjunto Chappottín y Sus Estrellas.
2007: Vuelven Los Senores Del Son

See also
 Estrellas de Chocolate

References

Publications
 Orovio, Helio (1992). "Diccionario de la Música Cubana". 2da. Edición. La Habana, Editorial Letras Cubanas.
 Orovio, Helio (2004). "Cuban Music from A to Z" Edition B&T,
 García, David (2006). "Arsenio Rodríguez and the Transnational Flows of Latin Popular Music", Temple University Press

External links
 MySpace Seite

Cuban musical groups
Son conjuntos


Buteo burmanicus may refer to two different species of bird in the genus Buteo:

 the Himalayan buzzard, Buteo refectus, which had the name Buteo burmanicus misapplied to it until later studies elucidated its relationships and renamed it B. refectus
 a subspecies of the eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus burmanicus, the taxon which was originally described as burmanicus


Baltic Beverages Holding is a brewing company owned by Carlsberg Group. It is a significant operator in the brewing industry in the Baltic states and Ukraine.

History
The company was founded in 1991 by the Finnish brewery Hartwall and the Swedish brewery Pripps.

Breweries

Aldaris Brewery
With its origins dating back to 1865 in Riga, Aldaris ('brewer' in Latvian) employs more than 200 workers, and is one of the biggest breweries in Latvia. It brews a range of beers, mostly pale lagers. The most popular brands include Mežpils and Porteris. Since 2013 many beer brands (Luksus, Zelta, Gaišais light beer, Pilzenes Pilsner and Apinītis) are brewed in other breweries of BBH. A publicly available museum has been opened in the brewery complex in 2015.

Utenos Alus Brewery

Utenos Alus is a Lithuanian brewery, established in Utena in 1977.

Utenos Alus and Švyturys breweries merged into joint-stock company Švyturys-Utenos alus in 2001. In February 2003 the company was reorganised into a closed-end company.

Švyturys Brewery

Švyturys is a brewery in Klaipėda, Lithuania. It is part of Švyturys-Utenos alus. The brewery was established in 1784 by the merchant J. W. Reincke in Klaipėda, then known as Memel in East Prussia. After the creation of the German Empire, the brewery became part of Memeler Aktien-Brauerei & Destillation on September 15, 1871. It passed to Lithuanian control when the Memel Territory was annexed by Lithuania in 1923. During the Second World War, the region was occupied by Nazi Germany and, from 1940, the brewery was then administered by Memeler Ostquell Brauerei GmbH. After the war, in 1945, the Klaipėda Region was transferred back to Lithuania and the brewery returned to the Lithuanian control.

Švyturys and Utenos Alus breweries merged into the joint-stock company Švyturys-Utenos alus in 2001. In February 2003 the company was reorganised into a closed-end company. Currently Carlsberg Breweries controls Švyturys-Utenos alus through Baltic Beverages Holding.

In June 2000 Švyturio Ekstra beer received Silver award in Dortmunder/European Export category at World Beer Cup silver. Same brand won gold medal in Dortmunder beer category at World Beer Championship (USA) in November 2001. In 2002 Švyturys Baltijos beer was awarded Bronze award at World Beer Cup in Marzen/Octoberfest category.

Saku Brewery
Saku Brewery dates back to 1820, making it the oldest commercial brewery in Estonia. It makes a wide range of pale lagers, such as the very popular Saku Originaal, and a few stronger and darker lagers. Since 2008, Saku has been 100% owned by the Carlsberg Group.

References

External links
Utenos Alus website
Švyturys website

Beer in Latvia
Beer in Estonia
Beer in Lithuania
Beer in Ukraine
Breweries in Estonia
Breweries in Lithuania


Transrail may refer to:

 Transrail, a Canadian consortium running Inter-city trains in Senegal and Mali
 Transrail Freight, a former freight division of British Rail

See also
 Tranz Rail, a former rail operator in New Zealand


The River Rhythallt (Welsh: Afon Rhythallt) is a river in Gwynedd, North Wales whose source is Llyn Padarn. It flows in a northwesterly direction past the village of Brynrefail, Gwynedd and changes its name to Afon Seiont downstream of Pont Rhythallt in Llanrug. The Afon Seiont eventually reaches the sea at Caernarfon. The river has a broad flood plain which occasionally threatens homes in the village of Cwm-y-glo.

Llanberis
Llanddeiniolen
Llanrug
Rivers of Gwynedd


David Freedman (1898–1936) was a Romanian-born American playwright and biographer.

David Freedman may also refer to:
David Freedman (cricketer) (born 1964), Australian first-class cricketer
David Noel Freedman (1922–2008), biblical scholar and author
David A. Freedman (1938–2008), American professor of statistics
David Freedman (screenwriter) (born 1965), writer and co creator of The Mr Hell Show

See also
 David Friedman (disambiguation)
 David Freeman (disambiguation)


Tell It to My Heart is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Dayne, released on January 19, 1988, by Arista Records. Four singles were released and all of them reached the top 10 of the US Billboard Hot 100: the title track (number 7), "Prove Your Love" (number 7), "I'll Always Love You" (number 3), and "Don't Rush Me" (number 2), with the first two reaching the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart at numbers 3 and 8, respectively. The album has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments in excess of two million copies in the United States.

Background
Two covers were issued for the album. The original version was photographed by Gilles Larrain and was very colorful, with Dayne resembling her appearance in the "Tell It to My Heart" music video, sporting big hair and outlandish makeup while wearing a tight black dress. The subsequent cover (which first appeared on the cover art for the single "Don't Rush Me") was photographed by Jennifer Baumann and was more subdued, showing Dayne in much more modest hair and makeup, seated against a wall while wearing a brown leather jacket and white tank top. It is likely that Arista Records reworked the album cover art to help cash in on Dayne's new-found success on the less youth-oriented Adult Contemporary chart after the release of "I'll Always Love You".

Critical reception
Andrew Panos from Number One remarked Dayne's "belting, soaraway voice" on the album.

Track listing
"Tell It to My Heart" (Seth Swirsky, Ernie Gold) – 3:41
"In the Darkness" (Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly) – 3:17
"Don't Rush Me" (Alexandra Forbes, Jeff Franzel) – 3:48
"I'll Always Love You" (Jimmy George) – 4:31
"Prove Your Love" (Swirsky, Arnie Roman) – 3:26
"Do You Want It Right Now" (China Burton, Nick Straker) – 4:03
"Carry Your Heart" (Shelly Peiken) – 4:22
"Want Ads" (Gregg Perry, General Norman Johnson, Barney Perkins) – 3:00
"Where Does That Boy Hang Out" (David Lasley) – 4:23
"Upon the Journey's End" (Duet with Billy T. Scott) (J. Sciarrone) – 4:05

2015 remastered edition
"Tell It to My Heart" – 3:41
"In the Darkness" – 3:17
"Don't Rush Me" – 3:48
"I'll Always Love You" – 4:31
"Prove Your Love" – 3:26
"Do You Want It Right Now" – 4:03
"Carry Your Heart" – 4:22
"Want Ads" – 3:00
"Where Does That Boy Hang Out" – 4:23
"Upon the Journey's End" (Duet with Billy T. Scott) – 4:05

Disc one – 2015 bonus tracks
"Willpower" (from the 1988 Summer Olympics album, One Moment in Time) – 3:50
"Prove Your Love" (Hot Single Mix) – 3:25
"I'll Always Love You" (Single Mix) – 4:19
"Don't Rush Me" (Hot Single Mix) – 3:51
"Tell It to My Heart" (Percapella Mix) – 3:22
"Prove Your Love" (Edited Remix) – 5:10
"I'll Always Love You" (Extended Version) – 6:13
"Don't Rush Me" (Rushapella) – 3:39
"Tell It to My Heart" (Instrumental) – 3:41
"Don't Rush Me" (Bonus Beats) – 3:39

Disc two – 2015 bonus tracks
"Tell It to My Heart" (Club Mix) – 6:48
"Prove Your Love" (Extended Remix) – 7:28
"Don't Rush Me" (Extended Version) – 7:19
"Tell It to My Heart" (House of Hearts Mix) – 8:58
"Prove Your Love" (House Mix) – 7:28
"Don't Rush Me" (Continental Clubhouse Mix) – 8:42
"Tell It to My Heart" (Dub Mix) – 5:48
"Prove Your Love" (Prove Your Dub/Beats) – 8:39
"Don't Rush Me" (Dub Version) – 6:08
"Tell It to My Heart" (Dub of Hearts Mix) – 6:51
"Don't Rush Me" (Continental Dubhouse Mix) – 5:38

Personnel

Musicians
 Taylor Dayne – lead vocals, backing vocals
 Rich Tancredi – keyboards (1, 2, 5-10), drum programming, percussion, arrangements
 Steve Skinner – keyboards (3, 4)
 Bob Cadway – guitars
 Donald Gladstone – bass
 Ric Wake – drum programming, percussion, arrangements
 Frank Dasaro – tom overdubs, cymbal overdubs
 Richie Cannata – saxophones
 Michael Gray – additional backing vocals
 Shelly Peiken – additional backing vocals
 Billy T. Scott – additional backing vocals
 Casey Warner – additional backing vocals

Technical
 Ric Wake – producer, recording (1)
 Bob Cadway – recording, mixing (1, 3, 4, 7-10)
 Clay Hutchinson – additional vocal engineering
 John Herman – assistant engineer
 Dave O'Donnell – assistant engineer
 Don Rodenback – assistant engineer
 Mario Vasquez – assistant engineer
 Thomas R. Yezzi – assistant engineer
 Jason Corsaro – mixing (2, 6)
 Michael Hutchinson – mixing (5)
 Margery Greenspan – art direction
 Gilles Larrain – photography (original 1987 cover)
 Jennifer Baumann – photography (revamped 1988 cover)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1988 debut albums
Albums produced by Ric Wake
Albums recorded at Sigma Sound Studios
Arista Records albums
Breakbeat albums
Taylor Dayne albums