Zijin Mining Group Co., Limited is a multi-national mining company headquartered in Mainland China.

Background
Zijin is a Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange listed mining company  principally engaged in the prospecting, exploration, and mining of gold, copper, and other mineral resources with operations in 11 countries. Its largest shareholder Shanghang Minxi Xinghang State-Owned Property Investment Company, which holds 24% of Zijin, is owned by the government of Shanghang County, Fujian Province, where Zijin's head office is located.  Zijin is one of the largest gold, copper and zinc producers in China.

Activities
In 2006, Zijin had 49.28 tons of the gold output and the gold produced from mining reached 20.70 tons, respectively accounting for 20.53% of China's total gold production and 11.51% of the gold produced from mining in China in the same year.  In 2010 gold output had reached 69 tons but was expected to be only 37 tons in 2018, slightly less than the previous year.

In December 2019, Reuters reported that Zijin had agreed to buy Canadian miner Continental Gold Inc. for C$1.3 billion.  The company claimed that Continental's principal asset, the Buritica project, had gold reserves of 165.47 tons and an inferred reserve of 187.24 tons.

Equity Investments
Reference from the official website.

In October 2021 Zijin acquired junior lithium explorer Neo Lithium Corp. for C$960 million.

Incidents

Major acid spill
On July 3 and July 16, 2010 acid waste escaped the Fujian province copper plant and into the Ting River. The accident was said to be the size of the BP deepwater oil spill.  The copper plant manager, deputy manager and head of environment were detained because the company waited nine days before revealing the incident.

Fatalities at dam collapse
In September 2010, four people were killed when a dam collapsed at the Xinyi Yinyan tin mine, following heavy rain.  The dam collapse was said to be caused by rainfall generated by a typhoon occurring only once in more than 200 years.

Criticism

Air pollution in Bor, Serbia

Several protests have been held in Bor in eastern Serbia over excessive air pollution that has been intensified since Zijin took over copper miner Rudarsko-Topioničarski Basen (RTB) in late 2018. Since January 2019, Bor has been struggling with excessive air pollution, with sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels topping 2,000 micrograms per cubic meter, up from the maximum allowed 350. Protesters demanded that the city government urgently adopt a plan so that the line ministry and state inspectorates can react to the alarming pollution levels in Bor. As early as April 2019, the inspector had ordered the company to take action against air pollution of the environment, human health and the environment, because it emitted excessive SO2. Zijin then explained in a letter to the Ministry of Environment that the power outage had caused pollution. However, control a few months later, in August, showed another omission – Zijin did not have a system for wet dust removal during the transportation of tailings on the Bor mine, which also threatened human health and the environment. Zijin was ordered to solve the problem, and the company later told the Ministry that a dust suppression system had been installed, which was put to trial. In November 2019, CINS sought an interview with Zijin on the topic of air pollution, to which the company responded with a press release. It says that by the end of the year, the company will have a total of five SO2-neutralized dust spray machines. Documentation obtained by CINS shows that by that time, two of the machines purchased had been in operation for about two months, but pollution data showed that it had no significant effect on the reduction of sulfur dioxide.

Carbon footprint
Zijin Mining Group reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 5,322 Kt (+1,279/+32% y-o-y). The growth accelerated relative to the long-term trend (+26% CAGR) observed since 4Q'17.

See also
Gold mining in China

References

External links

Companies formerly in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Companies in the CSI 100 Index
Gold mining companies of China
Civilian-run enterprises of China
H shares
Metal companies of China
Companies based in Longyan
Companies established in 1986
Companies established in 2000
Mass media companies
1986 establishments in China
2000 establishments in China


The Centre for Military Airworthiness & Certification (CEMILAC) is a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Bangalore, its primary function is certification and qualification of military aircraft and airborne systems. Some of its achievements are issuance of IOC for LCA, ALH.Clearance for Bio-ATF for AN-32. It has 14 regional centres located across the country.

References

External links

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Bangalore
1995 establishments in Karnataka
Research institutes established in 1995


The Vienna Review was founded in 2006 by American journalist and director of the Vienna Journalism Institute Dardis McNamee. It was a monthly English language newspaper based in Vienna, Austria, available in print and online. The paper's target audience was the permanent English-speaking community in Austria and Central Europe, as well as expatriates and tourists.

Content
The Vienna Review started out as a student newspaper based in the Vienna campus of Webster University. Although Vienna was the focus, the paper made use of Austria's Central European location in covering both Western and Eastern European news and events, and seeking to provide a voice and a forum for Vienna's international community. Contributors to the paper included writing professionals, academics from think tanks in the area. The paper was a member of Project Syndicate, the Prague-based syndication service supported by the Open Society Foundations.

Contribution
The Vienna Review was published in English on a monthly basis by the Vienna Review Publishing GmbH, since 2011 part of the Falter Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. The Vienna Review had a circulation of about 10,000 copies per month and was available by subscription, at public newsstands, in coffee houses, hotels and such places, and on several airlines.
The magazine ceased being published in January 2014. The editorial team proceeded to found a new publication called Metropole – Vienna in English, published by Home Town Media GmbH, a publishing house founded in October 2015.

References

External links
 Official Site

2006 establishments in Austria
2013 disestablishments in Austria
Defunct newspapers published in Austria
English-language newspapers published in Europe
Monthly newspapers
Newspapers published in Vienna
Newspapers established in 2006
Publications disestablished in 2013
Student newspapers
Webster University


The Football Conference season of 1997–98 was the nineteenth season of the Football Conference, also known as the Vauxhall Conference for sponsorship reasons.

Changes since the previous season
 Hereford United (relegated from the Football League 1996–97)
 Cheltenham Town (promoted 1996–97)
 Leek Town (promoted 1996–97)
 Yeovil Town (promoted 1996–97)

Final  league table

Results

Top scorers in order of league goals

 Footballtransfers.co.uk contains information on many players on whom there is not yet an article in Wikipedia.

References

External links
 Official Football Conference Website
 1997–98 Conference National Results

1997-98
5


The Lower Colorado River Valley (LCRV) is the river region of the lower Colorado River of the southwestern United States in North America that rises in the Rocky Mountains and has its outlet at the Colorado River Delta in the northern Gulf of California in northwestern Mexico, between the states of Baja California and Sonora. This north–south stretch of the Colorado River forms the border between the U.S. states of California/Arizona and Nevada/Arizona, and between the Mexican states of Baja California/Sonora.

It is commonly defined as the region from below Hoover Dam and Lake Mead to its outlet at the northern Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez); it includes the Colorado River proper, canyons, the valley, mountain ranges with wilderness areas, and the floodplain and associated riparian environments. It is home to recreation activities from the river, the lakes created by dams, agriculture, and the home of various cities, communities, and towns along the river, or associated with the valley region. Five Indian reservations are located in the LCRV: the Chemehuevi, Fort Mojave and Colorado River Indian Reservations; at Yuma are the Quechan and Cocopah reservations.

Ecology

Some of the highest air temperatures in North America are recorded in the LCRV, rivaling Death Valley; specifically Bullhead City, Lake Havasu City, Laughlin, Needles, Yuma, or the southeastern deserts of California, west of the Colorado River where extreme heat is the main summertime weather feature. Worldwide, only deserts in Africa and in the Middle East are hotter. The LCRV is defined by three deserts. The Mojave Desert is in southeast California, southern Nevada, and northwest Arizona. South of the Mojave the Sonoran Desert spans both sides of the Colorado River. The Lower Colorado River Valley is in the western part of the Sonoran Desert, which is called the Colorado Desert. the Sonoran Desert region proper extends from areas west of the river, and then southeastwards to southeast Arizona, south along the eastern side of the Baja Peninsula cordillera to Baja California Sur, and southeast Sonora state, Mexico to the northern border of neighboring Sinaloa.

The LCRV extends about  from Hoover Dam to the Colorado River Delta. The Sonoran Desert itself is more than twice as extensive north-to-south, and about  in width. Two species, desert ironwood and the lesser long-nosed bat, have geographic ranges identical to the Sonoran Desert, and are indicator species of the Sonoran Desert region. The spring flowering of ironwood, and the bat species migration arrivals also become indicators of annual or multi-year climate trends for regions of the Sonoran Desert.

Fauna

Flora
The Lower Colorado River Valley has unique plant communities because it is the most arid part of the desert and it has the highest temperatures, in excess of  during the summer. The low humidity means that most plants must have mechanisms that deal with severe water loss through evaporation. The soils tend to be typical desert soils, coarse and without well-developed organic horizons, and plants can only obtain soil water during and very soon after the infrequent rains.

Dominant plants in the valleys are low shrubs such as Ambrosia dumosa (white bursage) and  Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). Over half of the floral diversity comprises annual species, with even higher percentages in drier habitats. Vulnerable species and plant communities include saltbush/wolfberry flats, saguaro, nightblooming cereus cacti, tamarisks, barrel cactus, Sonoran panicgrass, and acuna cactus.

Threats
The Lower Colorado River Valley subregion of the Sonoran Desert bioregion has multiple threats. Some major threats include urbanization, clearing of land for agriculture, human occupancy – especially as a result of imported external resources, and camping and camptrailers on BLM land. Other threats include harvesting for fuelwood, campfires, etc. of desert ironwood, destruction of land by offroad vehicles, especially in sand dunes, and harvesting and manipulation of groundwater.

List of major cities and communities

 Laughlin, Nevada in Clark County, Nevada
 Needles, California in San Bernardino County
 Bullhead City, Arizona
 Mojave Valley, Arizona
 Lake Havasu City, Arizona
 Silver Cliffs, Arizona/California
 Vidal, California
 Parker, Arizona
 Blythe, California
 Quartzite, Arizona
 Winterhaven, California in Imperial County, California
 Yuma, Arizona in Yuma County, Arizona
 San Luis, Arizona
 San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora

Complete list of towns, areas, etc, north to south

Nevada–California–Baja California side
 Cottonwood Cove, Nevada
 Lake Mohave
 Laughlin–Bullhead City
 Needles–Mohave Valley, AZ
 Sacramento Mountains
 Chemehuevi Mountains
 Chemehuevi Valley–(Lake Havasu City)
 Whipple Mountains
 Earp
 Big River
 Blythe–Quartzsite
 Winterhaven–Yuma
 Los Algodones, Baja California
 Colorado River Delta (at Gulf of California)

Arizona–Sonora side
 Willow Beach, Arizona
 Lake Mohave
 Bullhead City
 Mohave Valley, in Mohave County, Arizona
 Topock–Topock Marsh
 Lake Havasu City
 Bill Williams River
 Earp–Parker
 Quartzsite, in La Paz County, Arizona
 Ehrenberg
 Cibola
 Yuma in Yuma County, Arizona
 San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora
 Colorado River Delta (at Gulf of California)

Feeder-valleys, or included small valleys

Nevada–California–Baja California side
 Eldorado Valley–(endorheic)
 Piute Valley
 Laughlin–Bullhead City
 Needles–Mohave Valley, AZ
 Mohave Valley–(included)
 Sacramento Mountains
 Mohave Valley–(included)
 Chemehuevi Mountains
 Chemehuevi Valley–(Lake Havasu City)
 Whipple Mountains
 Vidal Valley
 Parker Valley–(included)
 Palo Verde Valley–(included)
 Colorado River Delta

Arizona–Sonora side
 Sacramento Valley–(Sacramento Wash)
 Mohave Valley–(included)
 (east of Whipple Mtns massif)–Bill Williams River–(Arizona)
 Maria fold and thrust belt Region
 Parker Valley–(included)—La Posa Plain
 Ehrenberg, Arizona
 Cibola, Arizona
 Yuma Valley–(included)-Yuma, Arizona
 Colorado River Delta

References


Wu Wenjin (; born 10 March 1976) is a Chinese chess Grandmaster.

In 2000, he became China's 11th Grandmaster.

Career
Wu Wenjin won the Asian Junior Chess Championship in 1996 in Macau.

In October 1999, Wu came joint first (with Dao Thien Hai, Peng Xiaomin, and Bu Xiangzhi) with 6 pts at the Qingdao Daily Cup. In November 2003, Wu came joint second (with Ni Hua, after Zhang Zhong) at the Chinese Men's Individual Chess Championship in Shan Wei. In November 2004, he came joint third (with Wang Yue) at the Chinese Chess Championship in Lanzhou. In December 2004, Wu finished third at the Singapore Masters.

Wu has competed for the China national chess team twice at the Men's Chess Olympiad (1998 and 2000) (games played 12: +5, =3, -4), and once at the Men's Asian Team Chess Championship (1999), with an overall record of 8 games (+5, =2, -1).

He reached his highest FIDE rating of 2602 on October 2000 when he was ranked 86th in the world.

China Chess League
Wu Wenjin plays for Jiangsu chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).

See also
Chess in China

References

External links

Wu Wenjin chess games at 365Chess.com

Wu Wenjin at Chessmetrics
Wu Wenjin FIDE rating history at benoni.de
Wu Wenjin - New In Chess. NICBase Online.

1976 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Chess players from Jiangsu
People from Zhenjiang


Warsi or Warisi () is a surname found among South Asian Muslims. Numerous disciples of Waris Ali Shah both Muslims and Hindus, add Warisi or Warsi to their names. It may refer to:

 Waris Ali Shah - Founder of Warsi Sufi order
 Anil Shukla Warsi (born 1957), Indian politician
 Arshad Warsi (born 1966), Indian actor
 Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi (born 1971), British politician
 Kamal Warsi, Pakistani leftist activist
 Muzaffar Warsi (1933–2011), Pakistani Urdu poet
 Nisha Warsi (born 1995), Indian field hockey player
 Perween Warsi (born 1956), British-Indian entrepreneur
 Raees Warsi (born 1963), Pakistani-American Urdu poet
 Ram Ekbal Singh Warsi (1922–2016), Indian freedom fighter and politician
 M J Warsi, Indian linguist, researcher and author
 Warsi Brothers, Indian qawwali musical group
 Ehsanulla Khan Warsi

See also
 Warisi (king), 11th-century Hausa king in what is now northern Nigeria

References

Surnames of Indian origin
Urdu-language surnames
Nisbas
Sunni Sufi orders


Flers-sur-Noye (, literally Flers on Noye; Picard: Flèr-su-Noée ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the N1 road, a mile from the junction with the A16 autoroute, on the banks of the river Noye, some  south of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

External links

 Flers sur Noye

Communes of Somme (department)


Hora may refer to:

Companies
 Hora (company), a Romanian manufacturer of stringed musical instruments

People
 Hora (surname)
 Hora (musician), member of the Japanese duo Schwarz Stein
 Hora people, an indigenous people of Bolivia

Places
 Hora, Iran, a village in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Music
 Hora (dance), a circle dance originating in the Balkans
 "Hora" (song), 1982 Eurovision contest entry by Avi Toledano

Other
 Hora (astrology), a branch of the Indian system Jyotiṣa
 Hora, any of several Western Classical goddesses,  collectively Horae
 the Latin word for hour, or time
 Dipterocarpus zeylanicus, a tree species commonly known by its anglicized Sinhalese name "hora"
 Hora (2009 film), a 2009 Norwegian exploitation film

See also
 Horea (disambiguation)
 Horești (disambiguation)


The Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Dehradun, its primary function is research and development in the field of optical and electro-optical instrumentation. Their objective is to develop products like night vision devices, electro-optical surveillance and fire control systems.

Products

Holographic Sight
The IRDE has developed holographic sights which are manufactured by the ORD, and have a range of up to 300m. The army has already put in a demand for 20,000 holographic device units while the National Security Guards has shown interest in the device and requested some units.

References

External links
 IRDE Website

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Dehradun
Research and development in India
Research institutes established in 1960
1960 establishments in Uttar Pradesh


The Seremban District is one of 7 districts in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This is where the capital of Negeri Sembilan, Seremban is located.

Seremban District shares a border with Sepang and Hulu Langat Districts, Selangor to the north, Jelebu District to the northeast, Kuala Pilah District to the east, Port Dickson District to the west, and Rembau District to the south.

Government

The newly formed Seremban City Council cover the whole Seremban district. The formation of Seremban City Council was done via the merging of Seremban Municipal Council and Nilai Municipal Council on 1 January 2020.

Administrative divisions

Seremban District is divided into 8 mukims, which are:
 Ampangan
 Labu
 Lenggeng
 Pantai
 Rasah
 Rantau
 Seremban City
 Setul

This district has 3 parliament districts which is  (North, 6 seat)  (South, 5 seat) and  (Paroi and Rantau).

City areas

Inner Seremban (Seremban city core)

Seremban
Rasah
Rasah Jaya
Rahang
Mambau
Senawang
Temiang
Lobak
Paroi
Bukit Chedang
Bukit Blossom
Seremban 2
Ampangan
Oakland
Bukit Kepayang
Kemayan
Sikamat
Bandar Sri Sendayan
Taman Permai

Outer Seremban

Bandar Baru Nilai
Rantau
Mantin
Sungai Gadut
Labu
Lenggeng
Taman Seremban Jaya
Bandar Seremban Selatan
Taman Tuanku Jaafar
Rasah Kemayan
Pantai
Ulu Beranang
Pajam

Seremban 2

Seremban 2 is a new satellite township about 4 kilometres south-east of the existing old Seremban citt centre. Located on the western side of the North–South Expressway, Seremban 2 is a planned township built on former oil palm estate land. Seremban 2's purpose was to relocate the administrative and business district from the crowded old city centre to a more organised area.

Spanning over  of land, Seremban 2 will be the site of the new
Seremban District administrative offices
Seremban Court Complex.
District Police headquarters
State Fire Brigade headquarters

The RM2 billion township will also sustain a large portion of the population of Seremban through various housing estate projects in and around Seremban 2 such as
Green Street Homes
Sri Carcosa
Central Park
Emerald Park
Garden Homes
Garden Avenue
Garden City Homes
Vision Homes
S2 Heights
Park Avenue

The residents here enjoy many facilities with ÆON Seremban 2 Shopping Centre, City Park, Seremban 2's very own Lake Gardens and comparably less traffic than the town centre.

Demographics

Culture

Food

Seremban is famous for its special delicacies comprising Malay, Chinese, Indian cuisine.

Lemak cili padi. Seremban is also famous for its masak lemak cili padi or called gulai lemak cili api, a traditional Negeri Sembilan hot dish.
Siew pau. It is a type of baked bun with flaky pastry bun and meat (usually pork) filling.
Beef noodles. This beef noodles are the best here in Seremban, and the best beef noodles which can be found in Seremban is located at the main Seremban market in town (Pasar Besar Seremban).
ABC or air batu campur meaning shaved ice with brown sugar syrup and rose flavouring, corn, beans, and cendol.
Traditional mutton soup
Seremban Laksa

Federal Parliament and State Assembly Seats

List of Seremban district representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat)

List of Seremban district representatives in the State Legislative Assembly

Climate

See also
 Districts of Malaysia

References


Enzo Alejandro Bruno (born 19 March 1987 in San Ignacio, Misiones) is an Argentine footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Chaco For Ever in Argentina.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from Misiones Province
Men's association football midfielders
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
San Martín de Tucumán footballers
Club Atlético Aldosivi footballers
CSM Unirea Alba Iulia players
Mixto Esporte Clube players
Guaraní Antonio Franco footballers
Crucero del Norte footballers
Fuerza Amarilla S.C. footballers
Chaco For Ever footballers
Liga I players
Argentine Primera División players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil


Marcos Ramírez (born 25 April 1983 in Avellaneda) is an Argentine football defender. He currently plays for Defensa y Justicia.

External links
 Argentine Primera statistics

1983 births
Footballers from Avellaneda
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Defensa y Justicia footballers
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers
Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba footballers
Chacarita Juniors footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Living people


Lake Untersee ( "Lower Lake") is the largest surface freshwater lake in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica. It is situated  to the southeast of the Schirmacher Oasis. The lake is approximately  long and  wide, with a surface area of , and a maximum depth of . The lake is permanently covered with ice and is partly bounded by glacier ice.

Lake Untersee is an unusual lake, with pH between 9.8 and 12.1, dissolved oxygen at 150 per cent supersaturation, and very low primary production in the water column. Despite the high oxygen supersaturation in most of the lake, there is a small sub-basin at the southern end that is anoxic and its sediments may have a higher methane concentration than those of any other known lake on Earth. Much of the primary production is in microbial communities that grow on the floor of the lake as stromatolites. The water temperature varies between  and  and the ice cover on the lake is  thick. The ice cover may have persisted for over 100,000 years, and some scientists studying climate change fear significant environmental changes associated with global warming in the coming decades. In the past, the water chemistry of the lake has been compared to Clorox. However, the chemical activity of bleach is due to Cl− in addition to a pH that is higher than that measures in Lake Untersee, and Lake Untersee does not have high chlorine or chlorite concentrations.

Geography
Lake Untersee lies in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica, which is roughly on the same longitude as Huab, in the Skeleton Coast National Park on the northern coast of Namibia. It is situated 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the southeast of the Schirmacher Oasis. Aurkjosen Cirque lies at the east side of the lake.

The lake is approximately  long and  wide and has a surface area of  ( is also reported). Its maximum depth is . It is permanently covered with ice, which has an average thickness of  in summer. The lake is dammed by the Anuchin Glacier, and meltwater from the Anuchin Glacier is the main source of water. The lake has no outlet. Water is lost through sublimation and ablation of the ice cover. The lake is categorized as an ultra-oligotrophic lake.

Lake Ober-See, a smaller ( glacial lake, is located a few kilometres to the northeast and is similar in most respects.

History
Isotope studies have established that the lake has long had a permanent ice cover. Further, studies carried out during the austral summer confirm the lake's homogeneous characteristics, with thermal convection as the reason given for its hydro-geochemical and isotropical nature. It is replenished perennially by a process of underwater melting of the adjacent glacier ice. It is also stated that the lake existed during the Holocene period when it emerged from a melt-water pond.

Studies of Lake Untersee have revealed that there are several large boulders which dam the lake. Geodetic studies carried out during two summer seasons indicated that the boulders move at an annual rate of . Residence time of the boulders has been estimated as 500 years. The floating boulders, which are several metres in diameter, have evolved as result of debris deposits from pro-glacial interaction, mass wasting from hills surrounding the lake and the displacement of glacial ice by lake ice.

The lake was first discovered by the German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–39. After that, several expeditions have studied the lake's characteristics. The first reconnaissance study of the lake was carried out by N. G. Kosenko and D. D. Kolobov in early 1969, followed by more studies by Russian and German scientists, namely by W. D. Hermichen et al. (1985), E. Kaup et al. (1988) and A. Loopmann et al. (1988).

Research
In studies carried out prior to 1991–92 on physical and chemical parameters of the lake water, Lake Untersee was stated to be well-mixed and unstratified. However, studies performed in the summer of 1991–92 found significant stratification in a  wide trough in the southeastern part of the lake, where it is up to  deep. There were sharp vertical gradients of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. While a thermocline was recorded at a depth between  and , an oxycline followed at , with a chemocline extending from  to bottom of the lake. Below , the water column was anoxic and smelled of hydrogen sulfide. The presence of hydrogen sulfide was associated with decreased sulfate concentrations, indicating that it probably arose from bacterial reduction of sulfate.

The salt content of the upper levels of the lake is about 50 times that of glacial melt water. Salinity increased below , with sodium ion concentration and electrolytic conductivity more than doubling. The lake is highly alkaline (pH 10.4) down to a depth of ; below this depth, pH drops, reaching the slightly acidic value of 6.1 at maximum depth. The proportion of methane in the sediment at the lake bottom is the highest recorded for any lake in the world, according to NASA scientists.

In 2008, as part of the Tawani Foundation 2008 Antarctic International Expedition (see below), Dale Andersen and Ian Hawes discovered conical stromatolites growing in Lake Untersee, the largest living ones known to date. Small microbial pinnacles are also present, and it appears that the large conical stromatolites and the small pinnacles are made by different microbial communities. These communities provide an important analog to some of the oldest fossil stromatolites found to date.

Expeditions
In November and December 2008, the "Tawani Foundation 2008 Antarctic International Expedition" headed by Richard Hoover of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center used the lake as a test bed in its hunt for extreme life. Conditions in the lake are similar in some respects to those thought to exist on other moons and planets that contain water ice and methane; thus, this lake might provide an analog to environments that exist elsewhere in space. The expedition did find several new strains of extremophile microorganisms in the lake's waters, including a chemolithotroph that metabolises hydrogen.

This expedition involved an interdisciplinary international team of ten scientists and two teachers who explored not only Lake Untersee but also the Schirmacher Oasis. The geomicrobiological aspects of this expedition had three objectives: "to test laser induced fluorescence emission (L.I.F.E.) to be used for the exploration of the Mars regolith and poles; monitor global climate change; and to evaluate methods for detecting hydrocarbon contamination and subsequent bio-remediation in a fragile, endangered ecosystem." The results indicate that Lake Untersee, as a permanently ice-covered region, has very little usable soil and could be likened to the polar regions of Mars.

Experiments conducted have examined the metagenomes of eukaryotes; identified Prokaryotes and viruses inhabiting the lake; provided evidence of virus-mediated horizontal gene transfer and adaptive metabolic or cold protective phenotype alterations, identified microbial nanowire connections between multiple species at the ice-water interface, in the water column, and in the sediment; and established biomass estimates of life in the lake ice during the early spring growing season using laser-induced fluorescence emission (L.I.F.E.) imaging techniques.

Two scientific divers were also part of this team. Dale Andersen, with the SETI Institute's Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, and Ian Hawes of Aquatic Research Solutions dived in Lake Untersee to study its unique microbial communities.

References

External links

QuickTime video of 2008 expedition to Lake Untersee
Diving an Antarctic Time Capsule Filled With Primordial Life
 , 2022 short video (from Frozen Planet II) by BBC
270° image of Lake Untersee with the 2008 Tawani expedition camp

Untersee
NASA programs
Untersee


An adhesion barrier is a medical implant that can be used to reduce abnormal internal scarring (adhesions) following surgery by separating the internal tissues and organs while they heal.

Surgeons have realized that proper surgical technique is crucial to reduce adhesion formation. In addition, for more than a century, adjuvants including drugs and materials such as animal membranes, gold foil, mineral oil, sheets made of rubber and Teflon, have been used to reduce the risk of adhesion formation. Nevertheless, adhesions do occur and appear to be, to some degree, an almost unavoidable consequence of abdominal and pelvic surgery. Adhesions can lead to significant post-surgical morbidity, bowel obstruction, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain or chronic abdominal pain.

Surgeons and healthcare professionals developed several methods for minimizing tissue injury in order to minimize the formation of adhesions. However, even an experienced surgeon despite using advanced techniques may not be able to fully prevent the formation of adhesions following surgery, without the aid of an adhesion barrier. Consequently, many surgeons apply adhesion barriers while performing abdominal and pelvic surgery.

However, one study found the frequency of adhesion barrier use to be very low. The study examined hospital data and found that adhesion barriers were only used in a maximum of 5% of procedures in which the use of a barrier would be appropriate.

Description
Adhesion barriers are physical films, fabrics, gels or other materials that are applied between layers of tissues at the end of a surgery before the incision site is closed. While in place, the adhesion barrier acts as a physical barrier to separate traumatized tissue surfaces so that they do not adhere to one another while the tissue surfaces heal. Once the tissue surfaces heal, which is usually between 3 and 7 days, the barrier dissolves and is absorbed by the body.

Commercial availability
Global Adhesion Barrier Market Size is expected to reach US $ 15Mn by 2025 during the forecast period 2020 to 2025.The first commercially available adhesion barrier was probably Cargile Membrane, a preserved peritoneal membrane of the Danish Ox. Marketed by Johnson & Johnson around 1904, it was still available in the early 1990s. In the United States, Interceed, Seprafilm and Adept are the three products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an adhesion barrier after abdominal or pelvic surgery.

Seprafilm (made by Genzyme) is a clear, sticky film composed of chemically modified sugars, some of which occur naturally in the human body. It sticks to the tissues to which it is applied and is slowly absorbed into the body over a period of seven days. It is approved for use in certain types of pelvic or abdominal surgery.

Interceed (made by Johnson & Johnson) is a knitted fabric composed of a modified cellulose that swells and eventually gels after being placed on the injured site, and, like Seprafilm, forms a barrier and then is slowly absorbed over a period of days. It is approved for use in pelvic surgery. Although it is technically possible to apply either Seprafilm or Interceed laparoscopically, neither product is approved for this use in the U.S.

Adept (Baxter) is a solution of Icodextrin that when instilled in a large volume causes organs to float apart, reducing the possibility of attachment.

Other sources
A number of adhesion barriers are available outside of the United States including Hyalobarrier, SprayShield, PrevAdh and INTERCOAT. Several products licensed for other uses are used off-label in the USA for adhesion prevention including Evicel, Surgiwrap, CoSeal and Preclude, the latter being a product of Gore-Tex, not being absorbed and requiring a second intervention/operation for removal.

Products available for adhesion prevention outside the abdominal and pelvic cavities inside or outside the U.S. include ADCON Gel (spine and tendon surgery), Sepragel ENT, INCERT (spine), Tenoglide (tendon), Oxiplex (Medishield) (spine) and REPEL CV (Cardiac).

Genzyme also tested a spray-on barrier called Sepraspray. The company settled a federal Department of Justice lawsuit over claims its sales representatives illegally showed hospital staff how to dissolve Seprafilm with saline into "slurry" and use it in laproscopic surgeries, for which it was not FDA-approved.

Evaluation
According to Cochrane Summaries, Gore-Tex is more effective than Interceed, but requires a second surgery for removal as it is not absorbable. Seprafilm or Fibrin sheets were not found to be effective. Vigorous follow-up is crucial, thus more studies are needed in gynecologic surgery as a major drawback of studies is that they do not incorporate the gold standard of success, namely pregnancy rates.

References

Further reading

External links
 Comprehensive review of anti-adhesion products - International Adhesions Society
 About Seprafilm
 Gynecare Interceed Absorbable Adhesion Barrier
 ADEPT Adhesion Reduction Solution (4% Icodextrin)

Implants (medicine)
Surgery


Damián Luna (born 21 February 1985 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine professional football midfielder.

Career
On 13 May 2009 the Argentine midfielder has been released by Universidad Católica, upon his request due to personal problems with coach Marco Antonio Figueroa.

References

External links

 Argentine Primera statistics
 BDFA profile

Living people
1985 births
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Club Atlético Nueva Chicago footballers
Club Atlético Los Andes footballers
Defensor Sporting players
Ayacucho FC footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Peruvian Primera División players
Uruguayan Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Uruguay
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil


Jacobo Mansilla (born June 15, 1987, in Castelli) is an Argentine footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Brown de Adrogué

Mansilla made his league debut as a substitute against Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy on June 16, 2007, where he came on as a stoppage time substitute in a meaningless last game of the season fixture.

References

External links
 Argentine Primera statistics

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Club Atlético Colón footballers
Defensores de Belgrano footballers
Club Atlético Brown footballers
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Club Olimpo footballers
Club Atlético Tigre footballers
San Luis de Quillota footballers
Club Atlético Patronato footballers
Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza
Argentine Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Primera B Metropolitana players
Chilean Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile


Robert Beith (May 17, 1843, in Darlington Township, Canada West – January 26, 1922) was a Canadian politician and farmer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in 1891 to represent the riding of Durham West. He was re-elected in 1896 then lost in 1900 but re-elected in 1902 after the previous election was declared void on October 6, 1901. He was appointed to the senate of Canada by Sir Wilfrid Laurier on January 15, 1907, to represent the senate division of Bowmanville, Ontario. In Bowmanville, Beith was the owner of Waverley Stables and Stock Farm located on present day Waverley Road.

References

External links

1843 births
1922 deaths
Canadian senators from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from Clarington


Tastavinsaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur belonging to the Titanosauriformes.  It is based on a partial skeleton from the Early Cretaceous Xert Formation of Spain. The type species is Tastavinsaurus sanzi, named in honor of the Rio Tastavins in Spain and Spanish paleontologist José Luis Sanz. Tastavinsaurus sanzi is known from two specimens, one from the Xert Formation and one from the Forcall Formation. Tastavinsaurus was originally described as a somphospondylan, but it may be a brachiosaurid. The clade Laurasiformes was coined for Tastavinsaurus and its close relatives, which may include Cedarosaurus, Soriatitan, and Venenosaurus.

Description

The length of Tastavinsaurus sanzi has been estimated to be 16 metres (50 feet), and its weight has been estimated to be 8 tonnes. The caudal vertebrae are similar to those of other basal titanosauriforms, such as Cedarosaurus. The shin was proportionally shorter than in other sauropods, with the length of the tibia being only 55% of the length of the femur.

References

Macronarians
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Europe
Barremian life
Cretaceous Spain
Fossils of Spain
Fossil taxa described in 2008


is a railway station which straddles Tokyo's Chiyoda and Bunkyō wards, operated jointly by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei).

Lines
Suidōbashi Station is served by the following lines:
 East Japan Railway Company
 Chūō-Sōbu Line

 Toei Mita Line

Station layout
Suidōbashi Station is divided into two parts: the JR East station and the Toei Subway station. There is no direct passage between the JR and Toei platforms.

JR East

The JR East part of the station is located on an elevated viaduct and has two side platforms serving two Chūō-Sōbu Line tracks, with platform 1 being used by westbound trains and platform 2 being used by eastbound trains. South of the platforms there are an extra two tracks for Chūō Line (Rapid) trains, which bypass the station non-stop. There are two exits from the station; the east exit is the busier of the two and features amenities such as a staffed "Midori no Madoguchi" ticket office, ticket vending machines, lockers, and toilets. The west exit has all of these amenities except the ticket office.

Platforms

Toei

The Toei Subway station has one island platform serving two tracks.

Platforms

History
What is now the JR East station first opened on 24 October 1906. The Toei Subway station opened on 30 June 1972.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2013, the JR East station was used by an average of 85,320 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the 49th-busiest station operated by JR East. In fiscal 2013, the Toei station was used by an average of 21,903 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). The daily average passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for JR East in previous years are as shown below.

Surrounding area
 Nihon University
 Surugadai University Ochanomizu Campus
 Senshu University Kanda Campus
 Chuo University Korakuen Campus
 Toyo Gakuen University Hongo Campus
 Tokyo University of Career Development Chiyoda Campus
 Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Clinic
 Tokyo Dome City
 Kanda River
 Houbunsha

See also

 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 Suidōbashi Station information (JR East)
 Suidobashi Station information (Toei)

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1906
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1972
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Toei Mita Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Stations of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation
Railway stations in Tokyo


Research & Development Establishment (Engineers) (R&DE(E) or R&DE(Engrs)) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. its primary function is development of mobility equipment for Indian Army Corps of Engineers

See also
 Drdo Self Propelled Mine Burier

References

External links

 DRDO

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Pune
Research and development in India
Research institutes established in 1962
1962 establishments in Maharashtra


The 1951 CCCF Championship was played in Panama City, Panama, from 25 February to 4 March. Most member countries did not participate because of a polio epidemic.

Final standings

Statistics

Goalscorers

External links

CCCF Championship 1951 on RSSSF Archive
Match Details

CCCF Championship
Cccf Championship, 1951
International association football competitions hosted by Panama
Cccf Championship, 1951
CCCF
CCCF
February 1951 sports events in North America
March 1951 sports events in North America
Sports competitions in Panama City
20th century in Panama City


Matías Di Gregorio (born 4 June 1986 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine football defender and midfielder.

Club career

Independiente
Di Gregorio began his playing career in 2006 with Club Atletico Independiente, where he made his youthful career too. His debut was on 16 June 2007 in a 1–3 away win against Gimnasia de Jujuy. On 15 March 2008, he scored his first goal against Gimnasia La Plata in a 3–1 Independiente's victory at Primera División. He participated with a great performance on the tour of the United States and Canada, playing 3 games against Columbus Crew, Atlanta Silverbacks and Toronto FC.

Quilmes
In 2009, he dropped down a division to play for Quilmes Atlético Club in Primera B Nacional, playing 23 games, scoring a free kick in the first match of the league. He had a strong performance in the league, being protagonist in many games, achieving promotion of Quilmes Atlético Club to the Argentine Primera División.

Atlético Rafaela
In 2011, he signed for Atlético de Rafaela to play in Primera División.

3 de Febrero
Di Gregorio signed in 2012 for 3 de Febrero, where he had his best year, playing 40 games and scoring 8 goals. He was one of the figures of the team during the league.

Naval de Talcahuano
Actually he plays for Naval de Talcahuano, in the Chilean Primera División B, constituting a fundamental piece for the team.

Atlético Pinto
In November 2014, it was confirmed, that Di Gregorio joined the Spanish side Atlético Pinto.

References

External links
 Argentine Primera statistics at Futbol XXI
 Di Gregorio to Atlético de Rafaela
 lapelotaesmia.cl
 www.lacremaesdeprimera.com.ar
 Diario El Sol
 lapelotaesmia.cl
 www.soccerassociation.com
 www.soccerway.com

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Atlético de Rafaela footballers
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Club Atlético 3 de Febrero players
Naval de Talcahuano footballers
Primera B de Chile players
Argentine Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Paraguay


Elmir Kuduzović (born 28 February 1985) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a left-back.

Club career
Kuduzović began his career in local club Radnički Lukavac. After several years in Radnički, he moved to Željezničar in 2005, making his debut in the Bosnian Premier League. In 2008, he became a member of Sloboda Tuzla, moving in 2010 to another Bosnian top flight club, Čelik Zenica. In the summer of 2011, Kuduzović went to Montenegro by signing with Čelik Nikšić. After winning the Montenegrin Second League and the Montenegrin Cup, he came back to Čelik Zenica. However, due to disciplinary problems, he was suspended by the manager Vlado Jagodić and was released from the club in mid-season after only making 6 appearances.

After Čelik, Kuduzović played for Zvijezda Gradačac, Sloboda Tuzla again, Radnički Lukavac again and Bratstvo Gračanica.

In June 2017, he signed with First League of FBiH club Velež Mostar. On 25 May 2019, Kuduzović won the First League of FBiH with Velež after the club beat Bosna Visoko 0–2 away and got promoted to the Bosnian Premier League. He left Velež in January 2020.

Shortly after leaving Velež, Kudužović signed a six month contract with Igman Konjic.

International career
After being a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team, Kuduzović played for the first team in an unofficial match against Poland in 2007. His sole official international was a June 2009 friendly match against Uzbekistan.

Honours
Čelik Nikšić
Montenegrin Cup: 2011–12
Montenegrin Second League: 2011–12

Velež Mostar
First League of FBiH: 2018–19

References

External links

Stats from Montenegro at FSCG.co.me

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Tuzla
Men's association football fullbacks
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's under-21 international footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers
FK Radnički Lukavac players
FK Željezničar Sarajevo players
FK Sloboda Tuzla players
NK Čelik Zenica players
FK Čelik Nikšić players
NK Zvijezda Gradačac players
NK Bratstvo Gračanica players
FK Velež Mostar players
FK Igman Konjic players
First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Montenegrin Second League players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Montenegro


Shirgaon ("Shirgaav" in the Marathi language) is a small village in the Walwa subdivision of the Sangli District, Maharashtra state, India.

It is located 32 km west of Sangli and 320 km from Mumbai.

Agriculture is one of the main sources of income, with the main cultivated crop being sugar cane, followed by peanuts and soya beans. Most of the land is irrigated.

Population
As of the 2011 Indian census, Shirgaon has a population of 1,950 inhabitants. Males make up 52% of the population and females 48%.

The traditional business of the Ambis is to drive small boats ("hodi", or "naav" in Marathi) on the river.

The town
The village is surrounded by the Krishna River on three sides. During floods, the only way into the village is from the north.

The village has very few schools in the area with the primary/secondary schools K. Laxmibai Naikwadi Vidhyalay and the Shirgaon Z.P. School.

There is an ancient temple of Shiva on the banks of the river. Every year there are Mahashivratri celebrations in the temple, attended by a large number of devotees.

Pragati Wachanalaya Shirgaon Library
The public library in Shirgaon is the Pragati Wachanalaya Shirgaon Library, started in 2002 by the Pragati Group Shirgaon. The library contains about 6000  books useful for children in their preparation of competitive examinations. This library celebrated its 13th anniversary on 14 November 2015 . Competitions held at this occasion for the students included a Rangoli competition, drawing, painting, handwriting and essay writing.
The library has recently been given a computer to store the book inventory. In addition to children's study books, it holds Marathi daily newspapers such as Sakal, Pudhari, Lokmat and Loksatta, and monthly magazines.

Website - www.pragatilibrary.page4.me

References

Villages in Sangli district


Zijin () may refer to:

Zijin County, Guangdong
Zijin, Hubei, town in Gucheng County
Zijin Mountain, or Purple Mountain, in eastern Nanjing
Zijin Mining, a gold mining enterprise in Fujian


North Barrow is a village and civil parish  to the north-east of Ilchester in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England.

History

The parish was part of the hundred of Catsash.

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Religious sites

The Church of St Nicholas dates from the 14th century and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.

References

External links

Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset


The Grande ceinture Ouest line (French - Ligne Grande ceinture Ouest, or GCO) is a 10 km long section of the Grande Ceinture de Paris, located in Yvelines and reopened to the public on 12 December 2004, after being closed to passengers for 68 years. Managed by the SNCF, it links Saint-Germain-en-Laye (gare de Grande-Ceinture) to Noisy-le-Roi, via Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche.  The line is little used at the moment but nevertheless provides a window on the SNCF via the many innovative methods used on it.

See also
 Ligne de Grande Ceinture | Ligne de Petite Ceinture
 Transilien | Transilien Paris Saint-Lazare
 Z 6400
 Tangentielle Nord

References

External links
  Page of the STIF site dedicated to the extension of the Tangentielle ouest within the framework of the Contrat de Plan Etat Région 2000-2006.
  La Grande Ceinture Ouest and the Tangentielle Ouest project on the site of the municipal opposition of Poissy

Rail transport in Paris


Center for Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO). Located near Manali, Himachal Pradesh its primary function is research in the field of snow and avalanches to provide avalanche control measures and forecasting support to Indian Armed Forces. In 2020, Defence Terrain Research Laboratory (DTRL) was merged with Snow and Avalanche Studies Establishment which is renamed into Defence Geoinformatics Research Establishment (DGRE).

See also
 List of DRDO laboratories
 Aeronautical Development Agency
 Bharat Electronics Limited
 Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
 Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
 Ordnance Factories Board

References

External links
 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Chandigarh
Research and development in India
Snow
Research institutes established in 1969
1969 establishments in Himachal Pradesh


South Barrow is a village and civil parish approximately  north of Sparkford and  north-east of Ilchester in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England.

History

In the 12th century the manor was held by Alured de Ponsand who gave the church to Wells Cathedral who held it until the late 17th century when it was taken over by the Portmans of Orchard Portman.

The parish was part of the hundred of Catsash.

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Religious sites

The Church of St Peter dates from the 14th century and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

References

External links

Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset


The Football Conference season of 1998–99 was the twentieth season of the Football Conference.

Changes since the previous season
 Doncaster Rovers (relegated from the Football League 1997–98)
 Barrow (promoted 1997–98)
 Forest Green Rovers (promoted 1997–98)
 Kingstonian (promoted 1997–98)

Locations

Final  league table

Results

Top scorers in order of league goals

 Source:
 Footballtransfers.co.uk, thefootballarchives.com and Soccerbase contain information on many playerson whom there is not yet an article in Wikipedia.

References

External links
 Official Football Conference Website
 1998–99 Conference National Results

1998-99
5


David Joseph Lowery (born 20 January 1984) is an English football striker who plays for the SWA Sharks of MFL League.

Club career
Lowery once played for Tottenham Hotspur U-16. After an unsuccessful spell, he arrived back in the north east of England to play for a clutch of local clubs. He joined the Chemfica at the start of the 2009/10 season as their lead target man. Despite an early goal in pre-season, his term with the club ended with no competitive goals due to an achilles injury which has seen him not return to action since.

International career
Lowery made his debut for the Turks and Caicos Islands in a World Cup qualification match against Saint Lucia in February 2008, scoring his first international goal. He also played in the return match, his only caps earned so far.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
English expatriate sportspeople in the Turks and Caicos Islands
Men's association football forwards
English men's footballers
Turks and Caicos Islands men's footballers
Turks and Caicos Islands men's international footballers
20th-century English people
21st-century English people
South Shields F.C. players
Gateshead F.C. players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Turks and Caicos Islands


The Peterson Identification System is a practical method for the field identification of animals, plants and other natural phenomena. It was devised by ornithologist Roger Tory Peterson in 1934 for the first of his series of Field Guides (See Peterson Field Guides.) Peterson devised his system "so that live birds could be identified readily at a distance by their 'field marks' without resorting to the bird-in-hand characters that the early collectors relied on. During the last half century the binocular and the spotting scope have replaced the shotgun." As such, it both reflected and contributed to awareness of the emerging early environmental movement. Another application of this system was made when Roger Tory Peterson was enlisted in the US Army Corps of Engineers from 1943 to 1945. “...plane identification—the aircraft spotting technique—was based on Roger’s bird identification method-the Peterson system.”.

The system
Created for use by amateur naturalists and laymen, rather than specialists, the "Peterson System" is essentially a pictorial key based upon readily noticed visual impressions rather than on the technical features of interest to scientists. The technique involves patternistic drawings with arrows that pinpoint the key field comparisons between similar species.

Influence
Since the first Peterson Field Guide, the system has been expanded to about three dozen volumes in the series as well as being emulated by many other publishers and authors of field guides. It has become the near-universally accepted standard, first in the United States and Europe and then around the world.

References

Biological literature
Natural history
Wild animals identification


The Kentish dialect is a dialect of English spoken in and around the county of Kent in southeast England. Kentish dialect combines many features of other speech patterns, particularly those of East Anglia, the Southern Counties and London.

Description
There are audio examples available on the British Library website and BBC sources,  As with many traditional dialects in England, the Kentish dialect has been receding in recent decades.  In the 1980s and 1990s, the popular media discussed the spread of so-called Estuary English throughout Kent, as a London-based dialect that was replacing the traditional Kentish speech.

The dialect of Kent has had a greater influence on the modern language than many others. When William Caxton invented the printing press, he began the standardisation of the English language; the county had more than its fair share of presses. Consequently, many of the first books to be published were by Kentish writers, and this helped spread Kent dialectal words (e.g. 'abide', 'ruck') to the rest of the country. Printed books also helped standardise spellings; those of writers in the South East often became favoured, which is why the Kentish 'left' superseded other Middle English alternatives for the word, such as 'lift' and 'luft''.

Pronunciation

Modern Kentish dialect shares many features with other areas of southeastern England, sometimes collectively called "Estuary English". Other characteristic features are more localised. For instance, some parts of Kent, particularly in the northwest of the county, share many features with broader Cockney.

Typical Kentish pronunciation features include the following:
 Yod-coalescence, the use of the affricates  and  for the clusters  and  in words like dune and Tuesday. Thus, the words sound like June and choose day, respectively.
 Diphthong shifts, the use of open  or rounded  for  in words like pie or the use of  for  in words like take.
 A lengthened  appears often before voiced consonants, such as in ladder.
 H-dropping, deleting  in stressed words:  for hat. It is thought to have first started by Londoners some 300–400 years ago.
 Vowel shortening in certain words:  becomes  in words like seen (but not scene, which regularly uses the shifted diphthong ).

Regional variations
Kent is a large county that for centuries was administered as East Kent (men of Kent) from Canterbury and West Kent (Kentish men), parts have become London boroughs.

The dialect varies from rural Rainham to industrial Gillingham, from that of the fishermen of Dungeness to the rural High Weald and Sevenoaks.

The pattern of speech in some of Charles Dickens' books pertain to Kentish dialect, as the author lived at Higham was familiar with the mudflats near Rochester and created a comic character Sam Weller who spoke the local accent, principally Kentish but with strong London influences.

The area around Aylesham in Kent has a completely different dialect, as most of the residents of the area moved from other coalfields to work at the new collieries sunk in Kent during a period when employment in mining had been falling nationally.  As the miners came from areas of Scotland, Wales, and Northern and Central England, the dialect in this area has many features from the districts that the miners migrated from.

Dialect words and phrases
 Alleycumfee - a non-existent place.
 Better-most - the best, something superior
 Cheesy bug - woodlouse
 Dabster, a dab hand - somebody very skilled at something
 Fanteeg - to be flustered
 Ha'ant - "Haven't." For example, "Ha'ant yew sin 'im yet?"
 Jawsy - a chatterbox
 March-men - people from the borders of two counties
 'Od Rabbit It! - a minced oath
 Ringle - to put a ring in a pig's nose
 Scithers - scissors (clippers may have been "clithers.")
 Tutt - clutter (noun)
 Twinge - an earwig
 Wrongtake - to misunderstand
 Yarping - to complain, applied to children

The following are Kentish words and phrases that will be more familiar to English speakers elsewhere:
 Addle - to be dazed or confused
 Allow - to think of, consider or regard
 Dumbledore - bumblebee
 Dunes - sand hills or hillocks near the sea
 Heft - weight
 Oast - kiln for drying hops
 Peaky - unwell, ill-looking
 Pikey - traveller on the turnpike, i.e. a vagabond or ruffian
 Radical - a troublemaker or rebel.

References

Bibliography

External links
Kent Archaeological Society, online dictionary of the Kentish Dialect (378 pages)
http://www.kentarchaeology.ac/cassets/KentishDialect.pdf

Sidney Wood's page on Kentish dialect changes in the 19th and 20th centuries
https://swphonetics.com/articulation/accents/sbe/nineteenth-century-sound-change-in-kent/

Links to Charles Dickens and Kent:
http://www.information-britain.co.uk/culturedetail.php?id=26
http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/CD-Kent.html

British English
English language in England
Culture in Kent


Herbert Waas (born 8 September 1963) is a German former footballer who played as a striker, and won 11 caps for West Germany, scoring once.

Club career
Waas spent the most prolific time of his career with Bayer Leverkusen, with whom he won the UEFA Cup in 1988. Waas was the club's first German international, and Bild named him in a list of the club's top 50 all-time players. In the Bundesliga he scored 74 goals in 247 matches.

At the end of Waas' stint with Bayer Leverkusen, new manager Jürgen Gelsdorf froze him out of the playing squad as the club put him up for sale in a cost-cutting move.

International career
Waas made his debut for the West Germany national team on 6 July 1983 in a 4–2 friendly home win against Luxembourg. He scored his first and final goal in a 2–2 home friendly draw against Spain three years later.

Career statistics
Score and result list West Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Waas goal.

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
People from Passau
Footballers from Lower Bavaria
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's international footballers
UEFA Cup winning players
TSV 1860 Munich players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen players
Bologna FC 1909 players
Hamburger SV players
FC Zürich players
Dynamo Dresden players
Bundesliga players
Serie A players
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
West German men's footballers
West German expatriate men's footballers
West German expatriate sportspeople in Italy


Ray Obiedo (born January 27, 1952 in Richmond, California) is an American contemporary jazz guitarist.

Obiedo grew up in Richmond, California, a graduate of  John F. Kennedy High School, and began playing guitar at age 17. Initially he played both jazz and R&B, appearing on record with Herbie Hancock, Julian Priester, and Sheila E. He was the leader of the jazz fusion group Kick and the rock band Rhythmus 21. In 1989 he signed with Windham Hill Records, with whom he released five albums in eight years.

Discography

As leader
 Perfect Crime (Windham Hill, 1989)
 Iguana (Windham Hill, 1990) U.S. Top Contemporary Jazz Albums No. 10
 Sticks & Stones (Windham Hill, 1993) U.S. Contemporary Jazz No. 7
 Zulaya (Windham Hill, 1995) U.S. Contemporary Jazz No. 22
 Sweet Summer Days (Windham Hill, 1997)
 Modern World (Domo, 1999)
 There Goes That (Rhythmus, 2014)
 Latin Jazz Project, Vol. 1 (Rhythmus, 2016)
 Carousel (Rhythmus, 2019)
 Latin Jazz Project, Vol. 2 (Rhythmus, 2021)

With Bill Summers & Summers Heat
 Cayenne (Prestige, 1977)
 Feel the Heat (Prestige, 1977)
 On Sunshine (Prestige, 1978)
 Straight to the Bank (Prestige, 1978)
 Call It What You Want (MCA, 1981)
 Jam the Box (MCA, 1981)
 Seventeen (MCA, 1982)

With Pete Escovedo
 Solo Two (Fantasy, 1977)
 Happy Together (Fantasy, 1978)
 The Island (Esgo, 1982)
 Yesterday's Dreams, Tomorrow's Memories (Esgo, 1985)
 Flying South (Concord, 1995)
 E Street (Concord, 1997)
 E Music (Concord Picante, 2000)
 Live at Stern Grove (Concord, 2012)

With Herbie Hancock
 Feets, Don't Fail Me Now (CBS, 1979)
 Directstep (CBS Sony, 1979)
 Butterfly with Kimiko Kasai & Herbie Hancock (CBS Sony, 1979)
 Tokyo Sunlight (Megadisc, 2002)

With Sheila E.
 Sex Cymbal (Warner Bros., 1991)
 Writes of Passage (Concord, 2000)
 Heaven (Concord, 2001)

As sideman
 Johnny "Hammond" Smith Forever Taurus (Milestone) 1976
 Bobbi Humphrey Tailor Made (Epic) 1977
 Julian Priester Polarization (ECM) 1977 (as composer/sideman)
 Eddie Henderson Mahal (Capitol) 1978
 Paul Jackson Black Octopus (Toshiba-EMI) 1978
 George Duke Master of the Game (Epic) 1979
 Michael Paulo Tats in the Rainbow (Trio-Kenwood) 1979
 Mark Soskin Rhythm Vision (Prestige) 1980
 The Waters Watercolors (Arista) 1980
 Rodney Franklin Endless Flight (CBS) 1981
 The Whispers Love Is Where You Find It (Solar) 1981
 Carrie Lucas Still in Love (Solar) 1982 (as co-producer/composer/sideman)
 Holly Near Speed of Light (Redwood) 1982
 Cornelius Bumpus Beacon (Broadbeach) 1983
 The Whispers Love for Love (Solar) 1983 (as co-producer/composer/sideman)
 Linda Tillery Secrets (Redwood) 1985 (as producer/composer/sideman)
 R.O.A.R. R.O.A.R. (CBS) 1985
 L.J. Reynolds Tell Me You Will (Fantasy) 1987
 Brenda Russell Kiss Me With the Wind (A&M) 1990
 Lou Rawls It's Supposed to Be Fun (Blue Note) 1990
 Rad Venus Drops (Soulciety) 1993
 Claudia Villela Asa Verde (Taina) 1994
 Marc Russo The Window (JVC) 1994
 Rad Gotta Be (Soulciety) 1994
 David Garibaldi The Funky Beat (1 & 2) (Manhattan) 1996 (as composer & sideman)
 Grover Washington, Jr. Soulful Strut (Columbia) 1996
 David K Mathews Down With It 1998 (as producer/engineer/sideman)
 The Whispers Love for Love (Solar) 1998 (as co-producer/composer/sideman)
 Braxton Brothers Now & Forever (Windham Hill) 1999
 Delfonics Forever New (Volt) 1999
 Marion Meadows Next to You (Heads Up) 2000 (as co-producer/composer/sideman)
 Tom Grant Tune It In (Windham Hill) 2000 (as producer/engineer/sideman)
 Zigaboo Modeliste Zigaboo (JZM) 2000
 Freda Payne Come See About Me (Volt) 2001
 Marion Meadows In Deep (Heads Up) 2002
 Rad Live Live in Paris (7 Bridges) 2003
 Intuit Intuit (Compost) 2004 (as co-producer/engineer/sideman)
 Intuit Planet Birth (Compost) 2004 (as co-producer/engineer/sideman)
 Joyce Cooling This Girl's Got to Play (Narada) 2004 (as engineer/sideman)
 Joyce Cooling Revolving Door (Narada) 2006 (as engineer/sideman)
 Doc Kupka Doc Goes Hollywood (Strokeland) 2008
 Rad Live in Japan (7 Bridges) 2008
 Intuit Voyage No. 2 (In + Out) 2011
 Amikaeyla Being in Love (Rootsjazz) 2012 (as co-producer /engineer/sideman)
 George Duke Complete 1970's Epic Albums (Epic) 2012
 Pacific Mambo Orchestra Pacific Mambo Orchestra (PMO) 2012

References

External links

20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
American jazz guitarists
Windham Hill Records artists
Smooth jazz guitarists
Guitarists from California
Living people
1952 births
Jazz musicians from California
Domo Records artists
John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond, California) alumni


The National Radical Camp () was an ultranationalist, patriotic, and antisemitic political movement which existed in the pre-World War II Second Polish Republic, and an illegal Polish anti-communist, and nationalist political party formed on 14 April 1934 mostly by the youth radicals who left the National Party of the National Democracy movement.

Shortly after its creation ONR split into two branches: the National Radical Movement Falanga (; RNR-Falanga or ONR-Falanga), and National Radical Camp ABC (; ONR-ABC). "Falanga" is Polish for "phalanx", "ABC" refers to a newspaper printed by the organisation at the time.

Since 1993, an organization exists in Poland that has adopted the name ONR, following its ideology and traditions.

First incarnation (1934)
The party was influenced by the ideas of Italian Fascism. It rejected parliamentary democracy and called for the construction of a "national state," based on the principles of hierarchy, one-person leadership, and elimination of national minorities from public life.

Dominated by youth, National Radical Camp was an outgrowth of the Endecja movement, an ultra-nationalist movement that had arisen in the 1920s. The emergence of the National Radical Camp was part of broader movement of the Polish right toward radicalization in the 1930s. Virulently antisemitic and eliminationist, ONR's members were responsible for an increase in antisemitic violence after 1935.

The party was created on the insistence of former members of the Camp of Great Poland (Obóz Wielkiej Polski), including Jan Mosdorf,  and Henryk Rossman. It supported "class solidarity," nationalization of foreign and Jewish-owned companies and introduction of antisemitic laws.

The ONR was mostly supported by students and other groups of urban youth. ONR openly encouraged anti-Jewish pogroms, and became the main force in the organization of attacks against Jews. It organized fighting squads, attacked Jews and leftist politicians, destroyed Jewish property, and provoked clashes with the police. Because of its involvement in boycott of Jewish-owned stores, as well as numerous attacks on left-wing worker demonstrations, the ONR was outlawed after three months of existence, in July 1934. Several leaders were interned in the Bereza Kartuska Detention Camp, where the organization split into two separate factions: the ONR-Falanga (Ruch Narodowo-Radykalny) led by Bolesław Piasecki, and the ONR-ABC (Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny) formed around the ABC journal and led by Henryk Rossman. Both organizations were officially illegal.

During World War II
During World War II, both organizations created underground resistance organizations: ONR-ABC was transformed into Grupa Szańca (Rampart Group), whose military arm became the Związek Jaszczurczy (Lizard Union), while the ONR-Falanga created the Confederation of the Nation. They were not supportive of the mainstream Polish Underground State related to the Polish government in exile. During the German occupation of Poland, many of the former ONR activists belonged to National Armed Forces resistance groups. After World War II, the forced exile of many ONR members was made permanent by the newly created Polish People's Republic, which branded them enemies of the state.

Falanga

Formation and ideology
The RNR-Falanga was formed in the spring of 1935 following a split by members of the National Radical Camp held in Detention Camp Bereza Kartuska. Adopting the name of Oboz Narodowo-Radykalny (National Radical Camp), it soon became known as Falanga after the title of its journal (the rival group would also soon be named after its own journal, thus becoming known as National Radical Camp-ABC).

The Falanga was led by Bolesław Piasecki and advocated a 'Catholic totalitarianism' inspired by Spanish Falangism. However, although clearly derived from Falangism, it has been argued that their Catholicism was even more central than that of the Spanish group and indeed their pronouncement that "God is the highest form of man" recalled the religious fanaticism of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The group is widely considered to have been a fascist movement. Harshly critical of capitalism and supportive of removing citizenship rights from Poland's Jews it presented itself as the vanguard of the opposition to Józef Piłsudski.

Development
Largely based on university campuses, the Falanga followed a policy of anti-Semitism and although it had few members, from its power bases in schools it attempted to launch attacks on Jewish students and businesses. Left-wing activists were also as part of this violent activity.

The group soon came under scrutiny from the Polish government. Indeed, unlike similar movements in other European countries that regularly held public rallies, the ONR-Falanga held only two such gatherings, in 1934 and 1937, both of which were quickly broken up by the police.

For a time the movement became associated with the Camp of National Unity (, OZN) as Colonel Adam Koc, impressed by the organisation of the ONR-Falanga, placed Piasecki in charge of the OZN youth group. Koc called for the creation of a one-party state and hoped to use the youth movement to ensure this although his pronouncements upset many pro-government moderates. As such, Koc was removed from the leadership of the OZN in 1938 and replaced by General Stanisław Skwarczyński who quickly severed any ties to the ONR-Falanga.

Disappearance
As a Polish nationalist movement the RNR-Falanga opposed the German occupation of Poland after the 1939 invasion, and thus was quickly subsumed by the Confederation of the Nation, a group within the Polish resistance that retained certain far right views.

However, following the establishment of a communist government in 1945, Piasecki was allowed to lead the PAX Association (), a supposedly Catholic organisation that was in fact a front group of the NKVD which aimed to promote the new communist regime to Poland's Catholics whilst turning them away from the Vatican.

ABC
The ONR-ABC was the second splinter group besides Falanga founded by Henryk Rossman.

See also
 Falange
 Camp of Great Poland
 Confederation of the Nation
 Nara (disambiguation)
 National Movement (Poland)
 ONR (disambiguation)
 Camp of National Unity (Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego)
 Tomasz Greniuch

References

Further reading

External links
 Official website

1935 establishments in Poland
1939 disestablishments in Poland
Polish nationalism
National radicalism
1934 disestablishments in Poland
1934 establishments in Poland
Anti-communism in Poland
Antisemitism in Poland
Right-wing antisemitism


Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) located at Vahannagar near Ahmednagar. Its primary function is research and development of various light tracked, wheeled and specialised vehicles for defence applications.

History

The history of Vehicle Research & Development Establishment dates back to 1929, with the inception of Chief Inspectorate of Mechanical Transport (CIMT) at Chaklala now in Pakistan.

In 1947, the Establishment was shifted to Ahmednagar and was renamed as Technical Development Establishment (Vehicles), popularly known as TDE (V). In 1962, the engineering wing was separated with the establishment of an independent establishment at Pune, named as Research & Development Establishment (R&DE).

Further in 1965, the activities were bifurcated between ‘R&D’ and ‘Inspection’ and two separate establishments viz. Vehicle Research & Development Establishment (VRDE) and Controllerate of Inspection Vehicles (CIV), now known as Controllerate of Quality Assurance Vehicles (CQAV), came into existence. A detachment of VRDE was created at Avadi, Madras in 1966, to assist in a production of main battle tanks at Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi which eventually led to the formation of CVRDE and further bifurcation of roles. The previous director of VRDE was Mr. Sangam Sinha.

Starting with design modifications and technical evaluation of vehicles, VRDE has graduated over the years into an organization capable of undertaking development of futuristic vehicles. The National Centre for Automotive Testing (NCAT), a separate division of VRDE, provides for vehicle testing and evaluation requirements of defence services as well as automotive industry. India's first and one of the biggest in the world, Automotive Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) test facility, which is also known as EMC Tech Centre has been established. The Energy Research Centre is also on its way to completion. National Centre of Excellence for Combustion and Gasification (NCECG) is also being established.

Technologies developed

Armoured Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle (AERV)  - The vehicle is based on amphibious BMP-II chassis, retaining its mobility and protective features. The vehicle is fitted with an array of instruments for carrying out land and water recce. AERV has entered into service with the Indian Army. The production agency is Ordnance Factory Medak. AERV is designed to provide Combat Engineering Support for both offensive and defensive operations in plain, desert and riverine terrains. It can measure bank conditions, profile of water obstacles and terrain conditions to facilitate construction of assault bridges.
Armoured Ambulance – This version retains the turret but without the gun or smoke grenade launchers. It is under production at the Ordnance Factory Medak. The troop compartment has been modified to carry four stretchers.
Armoured Amphibious Dozer (AAD) - AAD is based on re-engineered BMP-II chassis. AAD has been accepted for introduction into service. The production agency is Ordnance Factory Medak. AAD is designed to provide integral engineering support to battle groups in offensive operations by reducing banks of water obstacles to facilitate construction of wet / dry assault bridges and improving mobility of mechanized formations by construction and improvement of existing tracks.
NBC Recce Vehicle -  The vehicle is designed to diagnose the presence of nuclear, biological and chemical agents in the affected area/ atmosphere. It has facilities to cordon off the contaminated areas and transmit this information to the supported formation, operating from within the confines of the NBC protected vehicle. NBC Recce Vehicle has been accepted for introduction into service by Indian Army. The production agency is Ordnance Factory Medak.
Mobile Decontamination System - The MDS is designed to decontaminate vehicles, equipment personnel and terrain against biological and chemical warfare agents.  It consists of pre-wash equipment, chemical mixing equipment,  post wash equipment, personnel shower equipment, automatic emulsion mixing and feeding equipment, 3000 litres water tank and onboard power supply. The MDS developed on Tatra 8x8 VVN vehicle has undergone users trials and approved for introduction into service with Indian Army.
Riot Control Vehicles - Riot Control Vehicle ‘Vajra’ based on light commercial vehicle is suitable for law enforcement duties and transportation of security forces along with their riot control gear to the affected areas. So far 410 Vajra vehicles have been manufactured and supplied to Police and Paramilitary forces through industry partners.
Bulletproof Vehicles - Bulletproof vehicles based on light commercial vehicles are suitable for employment in counterterrorist operations and for VIP security. A total quantity of 229 custom-made bulletproof vehicles based on VRDE design have so far been supplied to various state police organizations and paramilitary forces, through industry partners to whom technology has been transferred.
Containerised Operation Theatre & Wards on Wheels - A mobile container-based, “Operation Theatre Complex” has been designed and developed by VRDE for use by medical units during combat and disaster management operations, to provide medical cover in field. Each set of OT Complex consists of 11 vehicles including OT container, pre-OT container, post-OT container, sterilization and stores container, ward container and generator vehicles. These vehicle are built on the Stallion platform which is manufactured by Vehicle Factory Jabalpur.
BMP Urban Survival Kit - The kit can be assembled and disassembled in a short span of time and is well protected against weapons utilised by the terrorists. The unique features of the kit are light weight, high technology and advanced armour. The strength fibre nets are part of this kit. This net has enabled the vehicle to meet any kind of threat from armour-piercing and shaped charge attack. Manufactured at Ordnance Factory Medak.
Vehicle Platforms for Bridge laying system “Sarvatra” - Tatra VVN & VVL vehicles have been modified and reengineered to transport and launch ‘Sarvatra’ Mobile Assault Bridge 15m / 20m span. The system is in service with Indian Army. The nodal production agency is BEML Bangalore.
Vehicle Platforms & Shelters for Samyukta EW System - Development of hydraulically leveled platforms on Tatra vehicle chassis, EMI-hardened and waterproof shelters with BC ventilation system have been under taken by VRDE for Samyukta Electronic Warfare Programme.
RV & LCR Vehicles for Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher - Replenishment Vehicle (RV) and Loader Cum Replenishment Vehicle. (LCR)  have been designed for safe transportation and replenishment of rocket pods of Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher.
High Specific Power Engines for DRDO Nishant UAV - VRDE had developed lightweight, high specific power output engines for UAV application. These include two-stroke single-cylinder, twin-cylinder and four-cylinder engines, based on a modular concept.
Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) ‘Abhay’ - Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) characterized by excellent mobility and protection features and potent fire power to defeat enemy armour and soft targets. This fighting machine is operated by a crew of three and can launch into battle a stick of seven infantry soldiers with their full combat gear. After clearance, the production is expected to start at Ordnance Factory Medak.
Light Armoured Wheeled Vehicle (LAWV) - Light Armoured Wheeled Vehicle (LAWV) a technology demonstrator has been developed as Armoured Personnel Carrier for reconnaissance and counter insurgency and riot control Operations.
Expandable Mobile Shelter (EMS) - An Expandable Mobile Shelter with three times volume vis-à-vis standard shelters, to solve the working space problems has been realised by VRDE. The shelter provides solutions for a wide range of mobile applications in field, such as mobile command post, operations room, mobile communication centre, operation theatre etc. Shelter is air, ship, rail and road transportable.  This shelter is EMI shielded and provided with AC and NBC ventilation system.
Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) - A UGV system based on wheeled vehicle platform, composed of a pilot system unit (PSU) and two UGVs, one each for surveillance and NBC recce role has been realised. The project involves technology demonstration in the fields of remote operations on wireless LAN / alternate links, vision systems, optronics, digital image processing, embedded control system, servo controls, real time systems, robotic manipulator, actuators and remote controlled turret system. These vehicles are built on the Stallion and LPTA 713 platforms which are manufactured at the Vehicle Factory Jabalpur.
Diesel Electric Parallel Hybrid Vehicle - Based on Tata Ace light commercial vehicle platform. Specially designed transmission system for the combination of two power sources. Electric motor is powered by 72V battery bank. Three different modes of operation are - Engine only, Electric only and Combined power mode.
NAMICA (Nag Missile Carrier) – part of the Nag anti-tank missile system. The Nag (Cobra) missile is launched from a retractable armoured launcher that contains four launch tubes and the guidance package. Nag is a fire-and-forget top-attack ATGM with a tandem-HEAT warhead and a range of at least 4 km. Manufactured at Ordnance Factory Medak.
 Akash Missile Launcher – Air-defence missile system that is based on a modified Sarath chassis with 7 road wheels. On top of the hull there's a launcher for three SAM's with a range of 27 km and semi-active homing guidance. Production is to be started at Ordnance Factory Medak.
Trishul Missile Launcher - The chassis of the Sarath has been modified to launch the Trishul SAM, with three missiles being carried in the ready to launch position, search and track radars and their associated fire-control system. In addition, there is a mobile command post with a raised superstructure, which is the nerve centre of the missiles' command, control, communications and intelligence functions. This system has yet to enter quantity production at the Ordnance Factory Medak.
 Rajendra RADAR – This is a multifunctional 3-D phased radar (MUFAR), associated with the Akash system. It is also based on the stretched chassis. To be manufactured at the Ordnance Factory Medak.
105mm Self-Propelled Gun – This is OFB's mechanized version of the Indian Light Field Gun (EQPT 105/37 LFG E2) with 42 rounds stowed. The gun is mounted in a lightly armoured turret. The 105mm SPG was shown for the first time in public in February 2010 during DEFEXPO-2010 in New Delhi and is planned to replace the FV433 Abbot SPG in the Indian army. To be manufactured at the Ordnance Factory Medak.
Agni Series Missile Launchers - VRDE also developed launchers for the Agni Series of missiles, based on Tatra and Ashok Leyland's platforms.

Production

The main production partners of VRDE are:
 Vehicle Factory Jabalpur and
 Ordnance Factory Medak;
the other production agencies include:
 BEML,
 Tata Motors and
 Ashok Leyland.

References

 'Endurance Testing for Wankel Rotary Engine', Ganesh Liladhar Yewale et al (VRDE). SAE paper 2017-26-0336

External links
 DRDO

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Maharashtra
Research and development in India
Research institutes established in 1965
1965 establishments in Maharashtra


The Château de Ferrette is a ruined castle in the commune of Ferrette in the Haut-Rhin département of France. It is a recognized historical monument since 1930.

History
It was on a rocky peak reaching 612 m altitude, overhanging the town of Ferrette, that Frederic of Montbeliard, son of Louis IV, count de Monbéliard, built the Château de Ferrette. It is not known if Frederic completely built the castle or simply restored a fortress by building on the ruins of what was an observation tower built by the Romans.

In 1103, Frederic I inherited the lands of upper Alsace, which later became the county of Ferrette. He died in about 1168. His son, Louis, succeeded him but died during a crusade he undertook in 1189.

Louis' son, Frederic II, inherited. He developed his possessions to the point of attracting the covetous eye of the Bishop of Basel, with whom he had many conflicts. Frederic was assassinated in 1233, officially by his son, Louis, who was accused of patricide and excommunicated. His other son, Ulrich, seized power. It was only six centuries later that a parchment was discovered containing Ulrich's consent to the assassination of his father.

This patricide was not a success because in 1271, Ulrich was forced to sell the castle and the town of Ferrette to the Bishop of Basel, thus becoming a vassal of the Bishop, as were to be his son Thiébaut and his grandson Ulrich III.

With the death of Ulrich III, in 1324, Jeanne de Ferrette inherited the County of Ferrette (Pfirt). She married the Archduke Albert II of Habsburg and thus integrated her county into Austria, which had it managed by administrators appointed by the Emperors. Given as a bailiwick to the lords Reich von Reichenstein in 1504, then to the Fuggers of Augsburg from 1540 to 1567, the castle was transformed into a garrison.

The castle in 1600
In 1600, the castle had three buildings:

- The “Oberschloss” or higher castle, comprising six rooms and eleven bedrooms, kitchen, bathroom and cellars. This part of the castle had a well 60m deep and a chapel dedicated to the virgin Saint Catherine.

- The bailiff's house had four rooms, seven bedrooms, two kitchens, a stable to house three horses, a cellar and even a bathroom. It also had lofts to store 1000 sacks of grains. A bastion with two dungeons was designed to defend this building.

- The House of the Knights had only one room and one bedroom but with lofts able to contain 500 sacks of grains.

A wall with towers and bastions designed to be held in a determined attack, surrounded the castle.

Today
Set on fire by the French in 1635, the castle was destroyed after the Thirty Years' War and only the lower part was restored. In 1644, at the Treaty of Munster in Westphalia, the Emperor of Austria yielded the county of Ferrette to the King of France, Louis XIV, who gave it to his minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who offered it to his niece. Her husband took the titles of Duke de Mazarin and Count de Ferrette. These titles were passed on to his heirs and exist today in the person of the Prince of Monaco who still carries the title of Count de Ferrette.

Thereafter, the castle was sold to the Zuber family, rich textile manufacturers from the  Mulhouse region. Its ruins are maintained with the financial aid of the town of Ferrette, of the département of Haut-Rhin and the Services des Bâtiments de France.

See also
List of castles in France

References

 Charles Goutzwiller, Le Comté de Ferrette, (1868). Republished by M. G. Micberth in Monographies des villes et villages de France: Ferrette et ses environs, Res Universis, Paris, 1990.
 Le Patrimoine des Communes du Haut-Rhin, Editions Flohic, 1998.

External links
 Château de Ferrette on the south Alsace website

Ruined castles in Haut-Rhin
Monuments historiques of Haut-Rhin


Earl Sixteen (born Earl John Daley, 9 May 1958) is a Jamaican reggae singer whose career began in the mid-1970s.

Biography
Daley grew up in Waltham Park Road, Kingston, and, influenced by American soul and Jamaican artists such as Dennis Brown, began his singing career by entering local talent shows. He became the lead vocalist for the group the Flaming Phonics, playing live around Jamaica. Daley decided to drop out of school to pursue his music career, which prompted his mother to throw him out of the family home. Needing to make some money, the group tried out for producer Duke Reid but left before finishing their recording due to his habit of firing live gunshots in the studio. They then worked with Herman Chin Loy, and Daley recorded his first solo track, "Hey baby". The group split up, with Daley concentrating on his solo career. He recorded "Malcolm X" for producer Joe Gibbs in 1975—a track written by his school friend Winston McAnuff, and which was later successfully covered by Dennis Brown. In 1977, he joined Boris Gardiner's group, the Boris Gardiner Happening, which brought him into contact with Lee "Scratch" Perry. In the late 1970s, after a spell with Derrick Harriott, Daley recorded four tracks at Perry's Black Ark studio, including the original recording of "White Belly Rat", also meeting Earl Morgan of the Heptones, who later produced his album Shining Star. In the early 1980s, Daley recorded singles for a variety of producers, including Linval Thompson, Augustus Pablo, Clement Dodd, Sugar Minott, Yabby You, and Derrick Harriott, and recorded his debut album with Mikey Dread. He teamed up with Roy Cousins for two albums, Julie and Special Request. Earlier material recorded for Studio One was released as 1985's Showcase.

In 1985, after spending time in the United States, Daley relocated to England, fathering a child. His child's mother knew Mad Professor, whom Daley began working with. He also worked with other British producers, including Stafford Douglas. One of his tracks from this era was a cover version of "Holding Back the Years", which had been a big hit for Simply Red. Returning to Jamaica, he worked briefly with King Jammy. In the 1990s, he made guest appearances on tracks by Leftfield, and he has been one of the two vocalists for the UK electronica/reggae band Dreadzone since 1995. He signed to WEA for his major label debut album, 1997's Steppin' Out, which was nominated for a MOBO award. Daley has continued touring and working with Dreadzone as well as joining Leftfield on tours.

Discography

Solo albums
 Reggae Sounds (1981)
 Julie (1982) with Roy Cousins
 Super Duper (1982)
 Special Request (1983) with Roy Cousins
 Shining Star (1983)
 Songs for a Reason (1983)
 Year 2000 (1983)
 Songs of Love and Hardship (1984)
 Showcase (1985)
 Babylon Walls (1991)
 Boss Man (1992)
 Not for Sale (1993)
 Phoenix of Peace(1993)
 Rootsman (1994)
 Steppin' Out (1997)
 Wonderous Works (2000)
 Cyber Roots (2001)
 Soldiers of Jah Army (2003)
 Mash Up the Dance: Earl Sixteen Live with No More Babylon
 Feel the Fire
 Wake Up (2006)
 The Fittest (2011)
 Walls of the City (2014, Earl 16 Meets Manasseh)
 Fusion (2016, Earl 16 vs. Ken Parker)

with Dreadzone
 Second Light (1995)
 Biological Radio (1997)
 Sound (2001)
 Once Upon a Time (2005)
 Eye on the Horizon (2010)
 Escapades (2013)
 Dread Times (2017)
 Dreadzone Presents Dubwiser Volume One (2019)

Appearances
 "Release the Pressure", Leftfield (1992)
 Leftism, Leftfield (1996)
 "Release the Pressure", Leftfield (1996)
 Laika Come Home, Spacemonkeyz vs. Gorillaz (2002)
 Space Song, Dubioza kolektiv (2020)

References

External links
 Earl Sixteen at Roots Archives

1958 births
Living people
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Jamaican reggae musicians


Sainte-Florence may refer to:
 Sainte-Florence, Gironde, France
 Sainte-Florence, Quebec, Canada
 Sainte-Florence, Vendée, France


Tuck & Patti are an American jazz duo consisting of guitarist William Charles "Tuck" Andress (born October 28, 1952, in Tulsa, Oklahoma) and singer Patricia "Patti" Cathcart Andress (born October 4, 1949, in San Francisco).

Music career
Guitarist Tuck Andress met singer Patti Cathcart at an audition in San Francisco in 1978. Before this, Andress studied classical music at Stanford and was a session musician with The Gap Band. Cathcart was also classically trained and was a member of The Brides of Funkenstein.

Andress and Cathcart married in 1983. After moving to Cathcart's hometown of San Francisco, they worked in a rock and roll cover band. They declined offers of recording contracts so they could polish their sound. In 1987, they signed with Windham Hill Jazz, a subsidiary of Windham Hill for whom they recorded their breakout album, Tears of Joy, which received airplay on jazz and pop radio stations around the U.S. They recorded several more albums for Windham Hill Jazz, then signed with Epic in 1995. They followed this with more albums for Windham Hill and 33rd Street. They started the label T&P Records, which licenses their albums for worldwide distribution. In addition to performing they teach private lessons and vocal and guitar workshops.

In The Jazz Book, the authors write that Andress uses "unusual percussive and tapping techniques to create rhythmically unbelievable effects". He plays a 1953 Gibson L-5 guitar, which he bought because it was the model played by Wes Montgomery.

His niece is singer-songwriter Annie Clark, also known as St. Vincent. As a teenager, Clark was a roadie for Tuck and Patti and was later a tour manager for them.

Discography
 Tears of Joy (Windham Hill, 1988)
 Love Warriors (Windham Hill, 1989)
 Dream (Windham Hill, 1991)
 Learning How to Fly (Epic, 1995)
 Paradise Found (Windham Hill, 1998)
 Taking the Long Way Home (Windham Hill, 2000)
 Chocolate Moment (33rd Street, 2002)
 A Gift of Love (T&P, 2004)
 I Remember You (T&P, 2007)

Solo albums by Tuck Andress
 Reckless Precision (Windham Hill, 1990)
 Hymns, Carols, and Songs About Snow (Windham Hill, 1991)

References

External links
 Official site

American musical duos
Fingerstyle guitarists
Windham Hill Records artists
Male–female musical duos
Married couples
Musical groups established in 1981
1981 establishments in California
Musical groups from California