is located on the island of Shimojishima in Miyakojima, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.  It has the longest runway of any island in Japan south of the main island of Okinawa. Mitsubishi Estate has built a passenger terminal which began operating commercial flights in March 2019.

While Mitsubishi Estate owns the terminal, it outsources its operation to its subsidiary, Shimojishima Airport Management jointly founded together with Kokuba-Gumi and Sojitz.

The prefecture operates the airport, which has been classified as a Third Class airport (otherwise known as a Type-3) since May 1979.

History
The airport, also known as Shimoji Airport, was originally built as a 'training airport' for commercial pilots, with a secondary role as a (planned) alternative landing site for intercontinental supersonic airliners. It was completed in 1971, a year before Okinawa reverted to Japanese control. It was officially opened in July 1973, initially as a private airport.

On July 22, 1994 Japan Transocean Air suspended flights.

From 2001 onwards, the U.S. Marine Corps occasionally used the airport as a stopover point for helicopters and tanker aircraft involved in regional exercises.

In 2004, there were some protests over the use of the airport as a refueling stop by USMC helicopters returning from an exercise in the Philippines. Adding to concerns were reports that the airport was being looked at in connection with a new base for units that were to be displaced by the planned relocation of the Futenma base. The airport is currently listed as a CSL (Cooperative Security Location) by the US DOD.

As of 2005, the airport was in use as a training facility for Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways. The long runway makes the facility well-suited for "touch-and-go landing" practice maneuvers. In the same year, the then local (Irabu Town) assembly submitted a proposal to the then Defense Agency, requesting that the JASDF take over the airport as one of their bases.

In 2010, there were renewed protests against proposals to turn Shimoji Airport into a permanent USMC post.

As of early 2013, serious consideration was being given to basing a detachment of JASDF F-15J fighters out of the Airport, in order to provide better air defense coverage over the Senkaku Islands. The airport already has a 'shadow designation' as Shimoji Air Base as part of its Type-3 status.

Airlines and destinations

Popular culture

In the anime Stratos 4, set in an alternate timeline, Shimojishima Airport had become Shimoji Airbase sometime after the year 1984. This is home to the Shimoji MS (Meteor Sweeper) Squadron, part of an international planetary defence organisation.

References

External links

 Shimojijima Airport
 Miyako Shimojishima Airport Terminal

Airports in Okinawa
Japan Air Self-Defense Force bases
Japan Self-Defense Forces


Justin Travis Hunt (born September 16, 1976) is an American documentary filmmaker whose films include American Meth (2007), Absent (2010), and The Speed of Orange (2012).

Early life
He was born in Grand Junction, Colorado, where his father, Glen Hunt, was a jockey, and his mother, Linda, was a race horse trainer.   Hunt was a television news anchor and reporter, primarily in New Mexico, in the late '90s and early 2000s.In 2003 , he left a successful career in broadcasting to begin his production company, Time & Tide Productions, Inc.

Filmmaking
Since 2003, Time & Tide Productions has turned out hundreds of video projects, most notably James & Erniefied (2004), a documentary-style production of Navajo comedians James Junes and Ernest Tsosie III, The Meth Monster (2004), American Meth (2007), Absent (2010), and The Speed of Orange (2012).

Hunt also founded the American Meth Education Foundation.

American Meth
His first feature was American Meth (2007).  This documentary narrated by Val Kilmer looked at the effects of the drug methamphetamine on American culture and on an American family. The film was picked up for distribution by Rivercoast Film Distribution.  Sound on Sight found it shocking but educational.  Hunt toured the film, including free screenings for high school students.

It won the 2011 CPDD/NIDA Media Award from the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Best Documentary at the Cinema City International Film Festival at Universal Studios and the TriMedia Film Festival (2007) and the Most Socially Engaging Film at the Eugene International Film Festival (2007).

Absent
Absent (2012) focused on what it was like for children growing up with an absent father. The film includes musician James Hetfield talking about his experiences growing up.  The film also features boxer Johnny Tapia and Christian authors John Eldredge and Richard Rohr.

The Speed of Orange
His next film was about his parents' career in horse racing.

Cardboard Butterfly: The Human Struggle with Porn
Hunt's latest movie project deals with the omnipresence and impact of pornography addiction. Hunt has stated that it will be his last documentary.

Personal life
Hunt is married to Desiree Hunt, originally from South Africa, and is the father of three children; a son, Lantz, born in 2000, and two daughters: Carolyn Abbey, born in 2003, and Madison, born in 2013. He resides in Colorado Springs, Colorado where he oversees his production company, Time & Tide Productions, Incorporated.

References

1976 births
Living people
American documentary filmmakers
People from Grand Junction, Colorado


Flying W Airport  is a public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.852 km) southwest of the central business district of Lumberton Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. The airport is privately owned. The address is 60 Fostertown Road, Medford, NJ 08055.

Facilities and aircraft
The property was bought in 1961 by local pilot William Whitesell. He converted the former farmland to its current use in 1964, naming it the "Flying 'W'" for his last name. After he declared bankruptcy in 1972, the airport closed until 1984, when it reopened.

Flying W Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 49 feet (15 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 01/19 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,496 by 75 feet (1066 x 22 m).

For the 12-month period ending February 19, 2009, the airport had 74,222 aircraft operations, an average of 203 per day: 100% general aviation. At that time there were 119 aircraft based at this airport: 85% single-engine, 8% helicopters and 7% multi-engine.

In 2016, the portion of the airport within Medford Township was proposed to be converted to a 450-unit housing complex by 2025. The deal would not affect the restaurant and motel complex within Lumberton Township.

The 28-room motel closed in October 2019. The café and bar closed indefinitely in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incidents and accidents
September 8, 2017: Country music musician and vocalist Troy Gentry was killed in the 2017 Medford, New Jersey Schweizer 269C crash. The accident was primarily attributed to the pilot's "failure to maintain rotor rpm... which resulted in an uncontrolled descent."

References

External links

Official website

Airports in New Jersey
Transportation buildings and structures in Burlington County, New Jersey
Medford, New Jersey


Leiter International Performance Scale or simply Leiter scale is an intelligence test in the form of a strict performance scale. It was designed for children and adolescents ages 2 to 18, although it can yield an intelligence quotient (IQ) and a measure of logical ability for all ages.  The Leiter series of assessments have been produced and published by Stoelting.

Leiter devised an experimental edition of the test in 1929 to assess the intelligence of those with hearing or speech impairment and with non English speaking examinees. This test purports to "provide a nonverbal measure of general intelligence by sampling a wide variety of functions from memory to nonverbal reasoning." A remarkable feature of the Leiter scale is that it can be administered completely without the use of oral language, including instructions, and requires no verbal response from the participant. Without any verbal subtests, the Leiter scale only measures nonverbal intelligence. Because of the exclusion of language, it claims to be more accurate than other tests when testing children who cannot or will not provide a verbal response. This includes children with any of these features: Non native speaking, autism, traumatic brain injury, speech impairment, and hearing problems.

The Leiter scale was mainly used as a nonverbal alternative to the Binet scale, which is verbally weighted. However, it is also used by researchers, and also very frequently by clinicians who assess the "intellectual function of children with pervasive developmental disorders."

Latest version
The latest version of Leiter is called Leiter-3, revised in 2013. It has an age range of 3 years to 75+ years. Not all subtests must be administered to every child. Although this scale does an excellent job as an "aid to clinical diagnosis in disabled children ... the test user must exercise caution in interpreting ... test results because the meaning of test scores requires more research."  In a review by the Buros Center for Testing, an independent organization reviewing psychological and educational assessments, reviewers concluded that, "The Leiter-3 authors have succeeded in their goal of constructing a reliable and valid nonverbal measure of intellectual ability and attention/memory. Guided by feedback 20 from users of previous versions, the redesigned Leiter-3 is more engaging for examinees yet less time consuming for examiners while still providing several diagnostic indexes, scores, and interpretive options to guide program planning for a wide range of individuals."

The Leiter-3 was normed and validated with a diverse group, representative of the 2008 updated U.S. census, including a number of special groups, including those with speech impairments, deaf or hard-of-hearing, motor delays, traumatic brain injuries, intellectual delays, ADHD, giftedness, learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and English as a Second Language.

The Leiter contains 10 subtests organized into four domains:

 Fluid Intelligence
 Visualization
 Memory
 Attention

Subtests
The five Fluid Intelligence subtests are:
Sequential Order (SO),
Form Completion (FC),
Classification and Analogies (CA),
Figure Ground (FG), and
Matching/Repeated Patterns (M/RP)- optional.

The five Attention and Memory subtests are:
Forward Memory (FM),
Attention Sustained (AS),
Reverse Memory (RM),
Nonverbal Stroop (NS), and
Attention Divided (AD).

The last scale is the Social/Emotional scale, which gathers information on the following domains:
Attention,
Organization Skills,
Impulse Control,
Activity Level,
Anxiety,
Energy and Feelings,
Mood Regulation,
Sociability, and
Sensory Reactivity.

References

Intelligence tests


Fredag Hela Veckan (Friday All the Week) is a Swedish TV show on TV4, a Swedish version of Saturday Night Live. It was first broadcast on 5 October 2007. while the final episode aired on 12 December 2008.

Among the famous Swedish comedians in the show, there were David Hellenius, Peter Magnusson and Christine Meltzer, stars from the prior Friday entertainment Hey Baberiba. Other cast members included Josephine Bornebusch, Mackan Edlund, Ulrika Kjällander, Ulf Kvensler and Andreas Nilsson. Kvensler hosted the in-show show Senaste Nytt (Latest News), which is similar to SNL:s Weekend Update.

Episodes and guests

5 October 2007
Guest actor: Paolo Roberto
Music guest: Craig David
Imitations:
Börje Ahlstedt (Peter)
Therese Alshammar (Ulrika)
Carina Berg (Peter)
Johannes Brost (Mackan)
Sven-Göran Eriksson (Andreas)
Hans Fahlén (David)
Carolina Gynning (Christine)
Stefan Holm (Peter)
Susanna Kallur (Josephine)
Ernst Kirchsteiger (Peter)
Peder Lamm (David)
Per Morberg (Peter)
Tommy Nilsson (Andreas)
Maud Olofsson (David)
Mona Sahlin (Ulrika)
Lill-Babs (David)
Pernilla Wahlgren (Christine)
Jan-Ove Waldner (Mackan)
Sven Wollter (Andreas)

12 October 2007
Guest actor: Bert Karlsson
Music guest: Bodies Without Organs
Imitations:
Maria Andersson (Josefine)
Mathias Andersson (Peter)
Jennie Asplund (Ulrika)
Johanna Asplund (Christine)
Carl Bildt (Peter)
Johannes Brost (Mackan)
Thomas Di Leva (Andreas)
Peppe Eng (Mackan, David, Peter)
Josephine Forsman (Andreas)
Bert Karlsson (Peter)
Maud Olofsson (David)
Charlotte Perrelli (Christine)
Suzanne Sjögren (Ulrika)
Lill-Babs (David)
Charlie Söderberg (David)
Runar Søgaard (Andreas)
Ulf Brunnberg som "Vanheden" (Mackan)

19 October 2007
Guest actor: Nanne Grönvall
Music guest: cirKus(with Neneh Cherry)
Imitations:
Adam Alsing (Mackan)
Lisa Ekdahl (Christine)
Gry Forssell (Ulrika)
Lars Lagerbäck
Fredrik Lindström (Peter)
Ulf Lundell (Mackan, Peter, Andreas)
Renée Nyberg (David)
Anders Timell (Peter)
Martin Timell (Andreas)
Mia Törnblom (Christine)

26 October 2007
Guest actor: Markoolio
Music guest: Katie Melua
Imitations:

1 November 2007
Guest actor: Johan Glans, Izabella Scorupco, Peter Jöback
Music guest: Peter Jöback
Imitations:

8 November 2007
Guest actor: Claes af Geijerstam
Music guest: Dogge Doggelito
Imitations:

15 November 2007
Guest actor: Gudrun Schyman
Music guest: Martin Stenmarck
Imitations:

22 November 2007
Guest actor: Rafael Edholm, Westlife
Music guest: Westlife
Imitations:

29 November 2007
Guest actor: Martin Timell
Music guest: The Temptations
Imitations:

7 December 2007
Guest actor: Jan Guillou
Music guest: Josh Groban
Imitations:

References

TV4 (Sweden) original programming
Swedish comedy television series


Vedia is a town, created in 1913, in the far northwestern part of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Leandro N. Alem Partido.

The town is named after the Argentine military leader Julio de Vedia.

Notes and references

External links

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1885


Jerome "Kid" Coffee (born March 16, 1958) is an American former boxer in the bantamweight division.

Amateur career
Coffee had an outstanding amateur career and won several national championships, Amateur record 205 fights 193 wins (or 185–8 by the May 5, 1980 estimate) including:
1977 National AAU Flyweight champion, decisioning Ronnie Clifford of Hickory Hills, Illinois, in the final.
1978 National PAL Flyweight champion
1979 National PAL Flyweight champion
1979 Pan American Games bronze medalist
Defeated Gilberto Román (Mexico) points
Defeated Jorge Hernández (Cuba) points
Lost to Pedro Nolasco (Dominican Republic) points
1979 National Golden Gloves Flyweight champion
He was ranked #3 Flyweight amateur boxer in the world by the AIBA.

Professional career
Coffee turned professional in 1980 and had great success. He won his first 26 bouts, leading up to a clash with Australian Jeff Fenech for the IBF bantamweight title in 1985 in Sydney, Australia. Fenech retained his title over Coffee via unanimous decision after the bout went the full 15 rounds. Coffee retired in 1994.

References

1958 births
Living people
Boxers from Tennessee
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
National Golden Gloves champions
Winners of the United States Championship for amateur boxers
American male boxers
Boxers at the 1979 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Bantamweight boxers
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games


The West Palm Beach Braves were a Minor League Baseball team that operated from 1965 to 1968, based in West Palm Beach, Florida. The team was an affiliate of the Braves franchise of Major League Baseball (MLB)—the major-league Braves were based in Milwaukee from 1953 to 1965, and Atlanta thereafter. The minor-league Braves played in the Florida State League and their ballpark was Connie Mack Field.

Year-by-year record

See also
West Palm Beach Braves players
West Palm Beach Indians, an earlier team in West Palm Beach
West Palm Beach Expos, a later team in West Palm Beach

References

Defunct Florida State League teams
Baseball teams established in 1965
Atlanta Braves minor league affiliates
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1968
1965 establishments in Florida
1968 disestablishments in Florida
Sports in West Palm Beach, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Baseball teams disestablished in 1968


The Coalition for Patent Fairness (CPF) is an ad hoc organization of companies who are lobbying for reforms to the US patent system. In general, they believe that the United States Patent and Trademark Office is too prone to grant overly broad patents. They feel that these overly broad patents and the level of damages that legitimate patent holders can obtain through courts is so high that it inhibits innovation. They were strongly in favor of the Patent Reform Act of 2007 and its successors the Patent Reform Act of 2009 and the America Invents Act.

Principles
The CPF believes that the following principles should drive patent reform:

"Damage awards should be based on common sense standards. In a world where a device can be made up of thousands of patented components, patent infringement damages should be proportionate to the value of the component in question rather than the entire product."
"The standard for assessing "willful infringement" - which triggers a tripling of ordinary damages - must ensure "willful" damages are only assessed where there is truly egregious conduct and all parties' right to counsel is protected."
"To encourage companies to keep their R&D programs in the U.S., patent laws governing how global damages are awarded should be revised so that foreign companies are not advantaged over U.S.-based companies."
"The practice of "forum shopping" should end, ensuring patent lawsuits are resolved in courts that have a reasonable connection to the underlying claim."

Membership

The membership of the Coalition for Patent Fairness includes:

Amazon.com
Autodesk
Business Software Alliance
Cisco Systems
Comcast
Dell
Electrolux
Financial Services Roundtable
Google
Hewlett-Packard
Information Technology Industry Council
Intel
Micron Technology
Palm
SAP AG
Symantec
Time Warner
Visa

Officers
Jon Yarowsky, chief counsel.

See also
Coalition for 21st Century Patent Reform, which is opposed to various provision of the Patent Reform Act of 2007.

References

External links
Coalition for Patent Fairness web site

Lobbying organizations in the United States
Patent law organizations
Software patent law


Steven Thachuk is a classical and fingerstyle guitarist.  Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, he has been head of classical guitar studies at California State University Northridge, United States, since 2002.

Discography
Evocacion (2002) - The Meyer-Thachuk Guitar Duo
Currents (2004)

References

External links

CSUN Music

Canadian guitarists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The resheto () is a Ukrainian percussive folk instrument. The resheto consists of a wooden ring with a diameter of up to 50cm (20in). Initially the ring was strung with a sieve rather than a skin tightened over one side. The resheto is struck with the hand or a stick.

Related instruments
Tambourine
Bubon
Taraban

See also
Ukrainian folk music

Sources

Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty, Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1967
Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments, Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984
Cherkaskyi, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty, Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003. 262 pages.

Ukrainian musical instruments
European percussion instruments


Mitteilungen der deutschen Patentanwälte () is a monthly intellectual property law journal published in German, since 1934. The publisher is the Chamber of German Patent Attorneys ().

See also
 List of intellectual property law journals

References

External links
  Web page (maintained by Carl Heymanns Verlag)

1934 establishments in Germany
German intellectual property law
German-language magazines
German law journals
Monthly magazines published in Germany
German patent law
Magazines established in 1934


George Donaldson Brown (8 May 1928 – 22 October 2011) was a Scottish footballer. He won the 1955 Scottish Cup with Clyde. He was born in Airdrie. He died on 22 October 2011 and was survived by his wife Maureen and family. His son Duggie Brown also played in the Football League, for Sheffield United.

References

External links

1928 births
2011 deaths
Footballers from Airdrie, North Lanarkshire
Men's association football inside forwards
Scottish men's footballers
Kilmarnock F.C. players
Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) players
Southport F.C. players
Stenhousemuir F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Larkhall Thistle F.C. players
Poole Town F.C. players


Inagakuen is a coeducational junior and senior high school in Saitama prefecture, Japan.  It was established in 1984 and is one of Japan's largest public schools.  It has the status of SELHi, Super English Language High school.

The school homepage is http://www.inagakuen.spec.ed.jp/

The founding day (which is a school holiday) is June 8.

Although Japanese law prohibits the hiring of non-Japanese-citizens as teachers , there are 6 full-time and 3 part-time native speakers of foreign languages: French, German, English and Chinese.

Features
The school is divided into 6 houses, owing to the large size (around 2700 students with over 250 teachers).  Each house is a separate building, and these are connected by a 2nd-floor corridor.  The campus is over 3 times as large as the Tokyo Dome, at 155,000 square meters, and features 3 gymnasiums, an outdoor swimming pool, a running track, baseball and tennis courts as well as soccer pitches.  There are over 50 extracurricular clubs for students to participate in.  In 2006 air-conditioning was installed in all classrooms, and most staffrooms.

House system
Because of Inagakuen's size, it is split into 6 houses, of roughly equal size.  Each house has a principal, who acts as a vice principal of the school as a whole.  So the school has one principal and 6 vice-principals.  Students wear a school uniform with the school logo on their shirt which is coloured according to which house they are in.

1st house:  Since 2003/2004 academic year, this house has been entirely a junior high house, with no senior high students.  The house colour is red.

2nd house:  A senior high only house, specialising in foreign languages.  House colour is yellow

3rd house:  A senior high only house, specialising in social studies (humanities).  House colour is white, or orange if on a white background.

4th house:  A senior high house, specialising in mathematics.  House colour is green.

5th house:  A senior high house, specialising in sciences.  House colour is light blue.

6th house:  A senior high house, specialising in sciences.  House colour is dark blue.

Students belong to the same house throughout their study in Inagakuen, and have a home-room in their house.  Owing to the size of the school, and the elective nature of some of the studies, it is not possible for students to receive all of their lessons in their own home-room (as is normal in Japanese schools).  There is a 10-minute break between each class to allow students to move to their next classroom.

Clubs and activities

There are approximately 50 very active extra-curriclaur clubs, including all the usual sports and hobbies, and some less common, such as lacrosse and broadcasting.

Notable club successes:
 English Debate
 2007 nationwide high school comprehensive conference, third in the nation
 2008 nationwide high school comprehensive conference, second in the nation
 Boys volleyball section
 2006 nationwide high school comprehensive physical education conference
 37th nationwide high school volleyball selection victory conference participation (2nd place)
 Wind band
 In the 27th Vienna international young people's music festival invitational, grand prix winners
 In the 15th Pacific music festival, grand prix winners.
 Archery section
 Women's 2006 nationwide high school comprehensive physical education conference, competitors.

Cultural festival

Every year, over a weekend at the beginning of September the school hosts a culture festival, which is very popular with local Japanese people (usually over 15000 attendees).  The houses compete for a prize awarded to the house which best decorates their building according to a certain theme.  There is live music, and demonstrations from some of the clubs and societies.

In 2006 the festival was held on 9th and 10 September, and will hopefully be larger than any previous year.

Alumni

Owing to its concentration on modern languages, many alumni go on to work abroad.  Some who have stayed in Japan are:

Mimura Japanese TV and film actress
...others...

Sources

Most of this article has come from translating the Japanese Wikipedia page of the same subject, here.  Some from the schools official homepage, and some from personal experience of the school.

High schools in Saitama Prefecture
Schools in Saitama Prefecture
Educational institutions established in 1984
1984 establishments in Japan


The Koukdjuak River begins at the outlet of Nettilling Lake and empties into the Arctic Ocean. It is the namesake of the Great Plain of the Koukdjuak located in the Foxe Basin on western Baffin Island, Nunavut (formerly Northwest Territories), northern Canada.

The first non-Inuit who specifically explored the river was the Canadian Arctic explorer/ornithologist, J. Dewey Soper. The northern boundary of the Dewey Soper Migratory Bird Sanctuary is the middle thread of the Koukdjuak River. The river is also notable as a Barren-ground caribou migration crossing and for Arctic charr fishing.

See also
List of rivers of Nunavut

References

Further reading
 Kraft, Paul G. Caribou Tagging on the Koukdjuak River, Baffin Island, N.W.T. A Summary and Analysis of Tag Returns. Yellowknife: N.W.T. Wildlife Service, 1984.
 Kristofferson, A. H., R. D. Sopuck, and D. K. McGowan. Commercial Fishing Potential for Searun Arctic Charr, Koukdjuak River and Nettilling Lake, Northwest Territories. Canadian manuscript report of fisheries and aquatic sciences, no. 2120. Winnipeg: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1991.

Bodies of water of Baffin Island
Rivers of Qikiqtaaluk Region


Go South Coast is a bus operator on and around the south coast of England. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group.

History

In August 2003 the Go-Ahead Group purchased the business of Wilts & Dorset, including its Damory Coaches and Tourist Group subsidiaries, followed in July 2005 by Southern Vectis including its Solent Blue Line subsidiary.

In February 2006 Wilts & Dorset purchased bus refurbishment company Hants & Dorset Trim. At this stage, Go-Ahead consolidated the management of its south coast operations under Go South Coast in Poole. In October 2006 Marchwood Motorways was purchased.

Thamesdown Transport was purchased from Swindon Borough Council in February 2017.

Subsidiaries
Go South Coast originally did not operate any buses in its own right, all being operated by subsidiary companies. Operators in italics are considered part of and managed by the bigger company above.
Bluestar – Hampshire
Unilink – University of Southampton

Hants & Dorset Trim
More – Bournemouth and Poole
UNIBUS – Bournemouth University and Arts University Bournemouth
Salisbury Reds – Salisbury
Southern Vectis – Isle of Wight
Swindon's Bus Company (formerly Thamesdown Transport) – Swindon

The company has three coach brands:
Excelsior Coaches – Bournemouth, offering private coach hire, school services and tours
Damory Coaches – school buses and services in central East Dorset
Tourist Group – Dorset and Wiltshire, providing services to schools in Wiltshire.

In June 2014, all the subsidiary companies' vehicles were brought together under the Go South Coast licence.

Fleet
As at May 2023, Go South Coast operated over 850 buses and coaches from nine depots.

References

External links

Bus operators in Dorset
Bus operators in Hampshire
Bus operators on the Isle of Wight
Go-Ahead Group companies

2005 establishments in England


Moses bar Kepha or Moses bar Cephas (Syriac Mushe bar Kipho; born in Balad in Nineveh, now  in Iraq, about the year 813; died at the age of ninety, in 903) was a writer and one of the most celebrated bishops of the Syriac Orthodox Church of the ninth century.

A biography of him, written by an anonymous Syriac writer, is preserved in one of the Vatican manuscripts, extracts from which are given by Asemani in his Bibliotheca Orientalis (II, 218f.). He was a monk and afterwards became bishop of three cities, Beth-Ramman, Beth-Kionaya and Mosul on the Tigris, assuming the name of Severus. For ten years he was the patriarchal periodeutes, or visitor, of the Diocese of Tagrit where he acquired a notable reputation and great fame among his fellow Christians. He was buried in the monastery of St. Sergius, situated on the Tigris, near his native city.

Principal writings
A Commentary on the Old and New Testaments, often quoted by Bar Hebraeus, and most of it still extant in manuscript form;
a treatise on predestination and free will, preserved in a manuscript in the British Library (Add MS 14731);
a commentary on Aristotle's Dialectics, mentioned by Bar Hebraeus;
a commentary on the Hexameron in five books, preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Syr. 241), a passage of which is translated into French by François Nau in his Bardésane l'astrologue (Paris, 1899), p. 59;
a Tractatus de Paradiso, in three parts, dedicated to his friend Ignatius. (The Syriac original of this work was thought lost, but a Latin version of it was published by Andreas Masius (Antwerp, 1569) under the title De Paradiso Commentarius.  However a Syriac manuscript has now been discovered at Yale)
A treatise on the soul, in forty chapters, with a supplementary essay on the utility of offering prayers and sacrifices for the dead. (This treatise is preserved in the Vatican Library; a German translation of it is given by O. Braun in his Moses Bar-Kepha und sein Buch von der Seele (Freiburg, 1891).)
A Tractatus de sectis, or, Liber disputationum adversus haereses (see Assemani, B.O. II, 57);
a treatise on the Sacraments;
a commentary on the Liturgy;
an ecclesiastical history.

His other works comprise discourses, homilies, and a commentary on the writings of St Gregory of Nazianzus.

References

Further reading
James F. Coakley, "Mushe bar Kipho", in Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay (Gorgias Press, 2011; online ed. Beth Mardutho, 2018).

External links
Peshitta in the Encyclopædia Britannica
Classical Syriac Manuscripts at Yale University: A Checklist in HUGOYE: JOURNAL OF SYRIAC STUDIES

810s births
903 deaths
9th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops
Writers of the medieval Islamic world
9th-century writers


These are the official results of the Men's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 2001 IAAF World Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. There were a total number of 42 participating athletes, with six qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on Friday August 10, 2001 at 21:05h.

Medalists

Records

Summary
From the gun, Dai Tamesue was out fast, making up the stagger on Fabrizio Mori to his outside in lane 4 by the third hurdle.  By the fifth hurdle, Félix Sánchez in lane 5 managed to catch Tamesue, with Hadi Soua'an Al-Somaily not too far behind in lane 1.  Tamesue continued the pressure, regaining a slight lead on Sánchez, while Mori maintained the 1 metre gap while running a further distance around the turn.  With long strides, Al-Somaily managed to virtually triple jump 13 strides into the eighth hurdle, seizing the lead from Tamesue.  Both Tamesue and Al-Somaily began to struggle, their cadence was no longer what it had been.  Sánchez maintained his cadence and cruised past, with Mori less than a metre behind.  Mori challenged Sánchez to the line but couldn't get ahead.  Three metres back, Tamesue was able to regain his advantage over Al-Somaily for bronze.

Final

Semi-finals
Held on Wednesday 2001-08-08

Heats
Held on Wednesday 2001-08-07

See also
 1998 Men's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Budapest)
 2000 Men's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Sydney)
 2002 Men's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Munich)
 2004 Men's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Athens)

References
 Results

H
400 metres hurdles at the World Athletics Championships


Æthelwold's Revolt was an attempt by Æthelwold ætheling to seize the Anglo-Saxon throne from Edward the Elder after the death of Alfred the Great in 899. It ended when Æthelwold was killed in battle in 902 while fighting alongside his Danish allies.

Background
After Alfred the Great died on 26 October 899, his son, Edward, hoped to succeed him. Edward's cousin Æthelwold was the only surviving son of Alfred's older brother Æthelred I, King of Wessex. His competing claim to the throne was that he had been too young to inherit it when Æthelred died, leading to Alfred becoming king.

Southern revolt
Æthelwold's first move was to take his small force and seize Wimborne, in Dorset, the burial place of Æthelred, his father. He then took control of the crown lands at Christchurch and returned to Wimborne to await Edward's response. Edward assembled an army and moved to Badbury, but Æthelwold refused to meet him in battle. He instead stayed at Wimborne together with his men and a kidnapped nun, seemingly preparing for a long stand-off, although it appears he had the resources for a frontal assault and was preparing to attack when he rode north during the night.

Viking support
Æthelwold arrived in the north soon after he fled from the confrontation at Wimborne. He appealed for support from the Danish Vikings of Northumbria and they pledged their allegiance. Coins were minted during the period showing that Æthelwold had been proclaimed king in Jórvík (Viking ruled York). Meanwhile, Edward was crowned at Kingston upon Thames on 8 June 900.

In the autumn of 901, Æthelwold sailed with a fleet from his new allies into Essex. By 902 he and the East Anglian Danes were attacking deep into Mercia, one of Edward's most important allies, as far as Cricklade, in Wiltshire.

The Battle of the Holme

Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and when he retreated the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, meeting the Danes in the East Midlands, at the Battle of the Holme on 13 December 902. The Danes defeated Edward's troops, but as a result of the battle both Æthelwold and Eohric, the Danish king of East Anglia, were killed. There were many losses on the Anglo-Saxon side, including the two Kentish ealdormen, Sigehelm and Sigewulf.

Aftermath
In the view of Cyril Hart, King Edward made a strategic error in failing to engage the Danes with his whole army, leading to recriminations which threatened his authority, especially in Kent, and this may explain his later marriage to Ealdorman Sigehelm's daughter, Eadgifu.

Notes

References
Anglo-Saxon Kings - Edward the Elder
English Monarchs - Edward the Elder
Royal Consecrations

890s conflicts
900s conflicts
History of Northumberland
9th century in England
10th century in England
9th-century rebellions
10th-century rebellions
Rebellions in medieval England


Grace Nikae (born in Kagoshima, Japan) is an American classical pianist. At the age of 3 months, she moved to Honolulu, Hawaii and grew up in Aiea. She was raised by her mother, Kazuko Hashiguchi, who is a teacher. Her uncle, Kosaburo Hashiguchi, is a Japanese mathematician who solved the remaining star height problem.

A child prodigy, Nikae started to learn the piano from her mother at nine months old, and performed her first public performance at age three. At the age of four, she was featured on television performing a concerto by Haydn. Her debut with orchestra came at age eight, when she performed Mozart's Concerto No. 14 KV 449 with the Honolulu Symphony Orchestra. She made her international recital debut in Japan at the age of thirteen.

Upon graduation from Iolani School, Nikae moved to New York City. She continued her music studies with Martin Canin of the Juilliard School, and with Alexander Slobodyanik. She also pursued undergraduate studies in European history at Columbia University. Her awards and prizes include the 2005 Hawaii Music Award in Classical Music, first prize in piano at the 2002 Sorantin International Young Artists Competition, and the 1995 Sterling Scholar Award in Music.

She has performed in halls such as Carnegie Hall, the Concertgebouw (Amsterdam),  London's Wigmore Hall, and has toured throughout the United States, Europe, and Japan as a soloist and chamber musician. Nikae is also active as an educator, and regularly gives masterclasses and seminars. She frequently teaches at the Grace Nikae Piano Seminar on Okinoerabu Island, Japan, and also co-founded The Renaissance Academy, a non-profit after-school educational organization in ‘Aiea, Hawaii with her mother.

In 2005 she recorded her debut album, Fantasies, with the solo piano music of Alexander Scriabin, Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla, and Franz Liszt.

Nikae has resided in New York City and Rotterdam (Netherlands), and currently resides in Madrid (Spain).

References

External links
Grace Nikae's Official Website

Living people
American classical pianists
American women classical pianists
Year of birth missing (living people)
American classical musicians of Japanese descent
Musicians from Honolulu
People from Kagoshima Prefecture
Japanese emigrants to the United States
ʻIolani School alumni
Juilliard School alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century American women pianists
21st-century American pianists
American women musicians of Japanese descent


GHQ Liaison Regiment (known as Phantom) was a special reconnaissance unit of the British Army first formed in 1939 during the early stages of World War II. The regiment's headquarters were at The Richmond Hill Hotel in Richmond, Surrey (now in London); its base (including the officers' mess and billet) was at Pembroke Lodge, a Georgian house in Richmond Park, London.

History
It had its origins as the No 3 British Air Mission in France in 1939. Moving with the Belgian General Staff, its role was to report information about the Allied forward positions from Belgian GHQ to the Advanced Air Striking Force HQ so as to pinpoint the changing locations of "bomb lines". These were the battle areas not occupied by Allied troops and suitable targets for bombs and shells.

In November 1939, Lieut-Col George 'Hoppy' Hopkinson was sent as a military observer to the No 3 British Air Mission and subsequently changed the method of operations to focus upon greater use of wireless communications and mobility to provide assessment from the front line. 'Phantom' the collective codename for these missions was chosen by themselves and later became an official term.

After the Dunkirk evacuation, the unit was re-formed as No 1 GHQ Reconnaissance Unit. As such, it was intended to have a key intelligence role following any Nazi invasion of Britain. In January 1941, the Reconnaissance Corps was established and Phantom was re-named GHQ Liaison Regiment to avoid confusion. Phantom recruited men with various talents, linguists, drivers and mechanics – and undertook rigorous training in wireless communication and cipher.

In January 1944, the Reconnaissance Corps was absorbed into the Royal Armoured Corps and with it the Phantom GHQ Liaison Regiment. Phantom was disbanded in 1945 and then reborn as the Army Phantom Signals Regiment (Princess Louise's Kensington Regiment) until 1960, when it was clear that technology provided for alternative solutions.

Operation Overlord
During Operation Overlord, in June 1944, many patrols from Phantom came to Normandy on D+1. Their task was to go around day and night to find all the British, Canadian and American units they could, marking their locations on a map, and passing the information to the main HQ.

Operation Market Garden

During Operation Market Garden, in September 1944, the only communication between the surrounded airborne troops at Arnhem and headquarters was via a Phantom patrol. This included the famous, desperate, message from Major-General Roy Urquhart that "... unless physical contact is made with us early 25 Sept...consider it unlikely we can hold out long enough ..." Two Phantom officers were subsequently awarded the Military Cross for maintaining these vital communications during the operation. Phantom units also operated with XXX Corps and with General Browning whose HQ was next to 82nd Airborne HQ in Groesbeek.

Organisation

Phantom deployed in squadrons in North West Europe, South East Europe, North Africa and Italy. Each squadron supported an Army and consisted of a squadron HQ (SHQ) and a number of patrols (one per corps and a further ten further forward of corps). Each patrol consisted of an officer, an NCO and up to nine other ranks. They were typically equipped with Norton motorcycles, Jeeps, Morris 15cwt trucks and White M3 A1 Scout cars and carried a 107 Receiver, 52 and 22 sets. The patrols either embedded with other formations or went on special missions from their Army HQs. The patrols' role was to provide collection, passage and dissemination of contemporaneous information on the progress of battle to corps HQ.

For Operation Overlord, one patrol was assigned to each divisional HQ of I and XXX Corps to land with main divisional HQ. Thus on D-Day, three Patrols (5, 8 & 14) landed with the 3rd British, 50th Northumbrian and 3rd Canadian Divisions. Some patrols undertook parachute drops with the Special Air Service (SAS) to provide communications with SAS Brigade HQ. Later, with Phantom efficiency proven and with US forces under the leadership of the 12th US Army Group, similar arrangements were made for Phantom to provide communications with US corps.

Officers

Famous Phantom officers included: actors Major David Niven (who initially commanded A Squadron and who remarked in a letter, "these were wonderful days which I would not have missed for anything"), Tam Williams and Willoughby Gray; the MPs Sir Jakie Astor, the Hon. Michael Astor, Peter Baker, Sir Hugh Fraser, Maurice Macmillan (Viscount Macmillan), Sir Carol Mather and Christopher Mayhew (Lord Mayhew); Law Lord Nigel Bridge, Baron Bridge of Harwich. The journalist Sir Peregrine Worsthorne; and Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Robert Mark. Others, such as Michael Oakeshott and John Hislop, excelled in the fields of academia or athletics.

References

Further reading

External links
 The Foundation of "Phantom", Royal Signals contact site
 Spear, Roger: "Phantom, The Signals Regiment in Richmond Park", The VMARS Newsletter, issue 37

Siegfried Line campaign
Battle of France
British Army in World War II
History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Military units and formations in London
Operation Market Garden
Regiments of the British Army in World War II
Richmond Park
Special forces of the United Kingdom


Herschel is a special service area in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is the seat of the Rural Municipality of Mountain View No. 318 and held village status prior to December 31, 2006. The population was 30 people in 2016. The community is located 37 km northwest of the town of Rosetown at the intersection of Highway 31 and Highway 656, along a now abandoned section of the Kerrobert-Rosetown Canadian Pacific Railway line. Herschel is the home of the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre.  The Vancouver-based backpack manufacturer Herschel Supply Co., founded by Lyndon and Jamie Cormack in 2009, adopted the name of Herschel, the town where three generations of their family grew up.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Herschel had a population of 30 living in 14 of its 21 total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of 30. With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

History

Prehistoric period
About 65 millions of years ago, during the late Cretaceous period, Herschel was under water, part of the Western Interior Seaway, a shallow inland seaway that flowed from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, splitting North America in two. During this time, the area was much warmer than it is today and was teeming with ancient marine reptiles. Herschel's location, on the edge of the seaway, resulted in some unusual fossil deposits from a time little understood in Saskatchewan's history. Perhaps most unusual is that the area contains a mixture of fossils from both the sea and dry land.

Two rare marine fossil bonebeds were discovered, as part of the Bearpaw Formation in the Coal Mine Ravine near Herschel in the 1990s. Subsequent excavations have uncovered the remains of long-neck plesiosaurs (elasmosaurs), mosasaurs, several species of shark, including the chimaera (ghost sharks), several types of bony fish and most significantly, three short-necked plesiosaurs called  Dolichorhynchops herschelensis.  (pronounced ‘Dolly-cor-in-cops Her-shell-en-sis’). These are the only known specimens of this species on earth. The fossils were send to the T. Rex Discovery Centre in Eastend, to be catalogued and preserved.

Land-based dinosaur bones have also been found in the ravine and combined with a large amount of fossilized wood and amber, indicated that the area was likely very close to the shoreline of the seaway at one point.

Today, many of these fossils are on display at the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre in Herschel, Saskatchewan.  Visitors can view a variety of paleontology, archaeology and natural history exhibits as well guided tours of the bonebeds themselves.

First Nations history
The prairie around Herschel was prime habitat for the plains bison.  For thousands of years, these were the hunting grounds of several first nations tribes, including the Blackfoot, Gros Ventre and Plains Cree as well as the Métis.  The Coalmine Ravine near Herschel is home to a buffalo Jump and a butchering / pemmican processing site.  Artifacts have been found here that suggest the site may have been used as long ago as 12,000 years ago and right up until the 1500s.

Herschel is also home to a 1500-year-old Aboriginal ceremonial site in the Coalmine Ravine. This site, discovered in 1960 by a local farmer, includes various stone tipi rings, a medicine wheel, a possible turtle effigy and vision quest site as well as three petroglyphs. These petroglyphs are carved out of glacial erratics, remnants of the last ice age and are believed to have been religious objects.  They are still used in First Nations' spiritual ceremonies today. In 1988 the site was designated a Municipal Heritage Site in the Province of Saskatchewan.  Archeological excavations of the petroglyphs yielded several artifacts that suggest the continuous use of the site from approximately 600 to 1900 AD.

In the summer of 1859, James Carnegie, the 9th Earl of Southesk a renowned Scottish big-game hunter, travelled to the Herschel area. With the help of his Metis guide Napeskis (youngest brother of Ahtahkakoop / Chief Starblanket), the Earl killed several large bison and a plains grizzly, a statue of which, can be seen at the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre in Herschel.  Some of the Earl's trophies from his trip to Canada are still on display at Kinnaird Castle in Scotland.

Today, there are exhibits related to the 9th Earl of Southesk's adventures in Herschel as well as First Nations history and the history of the bison are housed at the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre in Herschel, Saskatchewan.  Visitors can go on guided tours of the ceremonial site in the nearby Coalmine Ravine and walk along old First Nations and early settler trails.

Pioneer history

The fertile grassland that once supported millions of bison around Herschel, was also ideal for agriculture. The hilly areas were well suited for grazing livestock. This attracted early settlers to the region and in October 1910, the village of Herschel was established. The village was named in honour of 19th Century English physicist and astronomer Sir John Fredrick William Herschel.

1911 was a busy year for Herschel. Among the first to settle in the district was W. G. King who erected the first building in the village; a general store. In June, a post office was opened and manned by Postmaster P.R. Plisson. This was followed by the arrival of the first mixed train in August. The first baby born in Herschel was Harry Herschel Cargill, born on October 4, 1911. A month later, the rail line from Macklin to Rosetown was formally opened for traffic. The United Church was the first church building constructed at Herschel and other construction included the building of a hockey rink and the construction of the village's first grain elevator by the McLaughlin & Ellis company.

With the rapidly growing community, education became a concern and a school organization meeting was held at Herschel on October 26, 1912. The first school, a temporary one, was located in the house of Mr. Robert Day. Eventually, in 1925, $18,000 was raised and allotted for the construction of a new school. A large contingent of Mennonites from Russia arrived in the Herschel area in the winter of 1924/25 to settle and farm, forming a Bloc Settlement. They organized their congregation in 1925 as the Ebenfeld Mennonite Church, later changed to the Herschel Ebenfeld Mennonite Church in 1980.

In the 1930s soft coal began to be mined a small valley just south of Herschel, which lead to the valley being named, the Coal Mine Ravine. Today the ravine is no longer mined for coal but it is home to the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre, several archaeological sites, as well as being home to several endangered species of plants and the remains of a former First Nations/Metis/pioneer Red River Cart trail.

In 1935, a major fire destroyed 18 homes and businesses in Herschel. The blaze destroyed three general stores, the post office, a harness shop, the drug store, a pool hall, the Royal Hotel, a Chinese laundry, a hardware store, the municipal office, a restaurant, homes and other structures. Poor local roads were blamed for the extent of the blaze, with fire engines from Rosetown unable to reach the community for more than four hours.

Recent history
Post-war Herschel was full of optimism.  The 1950s saw many new businesses open in the community and in 1956 Herschel reached its peak population of 203 people.  1950 saw a concerted community effort to build the Herschel Memorial Hall, which soon became a reality.  Around the same time, a bronze plaque was purchased to honour all of those who fought and died in the Second World War while a flagpole and memorial were erected at the Herschel cemetery.

In its early days, Herschel was home to several grain elevators.  Over the years, many elevators came, went or were amalgamated.  In May 2010, the final two elevators in Herschel, the United Grain Growers elevator, along with the Wheat Pool elevator, were demolished.  Fire once again, in a repeat of the 1935 disaster, claimed the Herschel Hotel, which burned to the ground on December 25, 1979.

1961 saw the construction of a new school in Herschel.  It served the students of Herschel well over the years, however in June 1994 the Herschel kindergarten to elementary school was closed due to declining attendance. The Herschel Development Committee negotiated an agreement with the Rosetown school division to buy the school and a former teacherage, for $1.

In October of that year, the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre was officially established in the old school. Its mission was to celebrate and share the area's fossil treasures, unique prairie grassland ecology, rich local history and ancient First Nation's ceremonial sites and history.

Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre

While preparations were being made to open the Interpretive Centre in June 1994, excavations continued in the ground around the largest of the three remaining petroglyphs in the Coalmine Ravine. Around the same time, a local taxidermist, Lyle Waddington, began to donating several examples of his work to Ancient Echoes, These reflected the natural history and local prairie wildlife and consisted of several native bird and mammal species found in the Herschel area.  In October of that same year, what was called The Herschel Interpretive Centre, at that time, was officially established. It was staffed by a dedicated team of volunteers and funded by individual and corporate donations, as well as a small government grant. The Centre's mandate was to promote ecology, fossil history and the Aboriginal heritage of the area.

In the 1990s three fossilized skeletons of Dolichorhynchops herschelensis, a type of short-necked plesiosaur, were discovered in the Coalmine Ravine. During this excavation paleontologists uncovered the remains of varying marine life: two or three different shark species, numerous fish vertebrate fragments, and a mosasaur (large lizard like marine animal). Around this time, Rosetown resident and woodcarver, Jack Klemmer, visited Ancient Echoes for the first time. Since then, his carvings have been on display at the Centre and the proceed from their sale have been donated to Ancient Echoes. Also in the late 1990s, the Centre received a $5,000 donation from Enbridge Pipelines to purchase shipping carts for the Centre's displays and to help pay for the initial print run of renowned Metis artist, Jo Cooper's paintings, entitled “The Disappearance and Resurgence of the Buffalo” which was displayed for the first time at Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre. Outside on the Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre's grounds stands a life size statue of a plains grizzly bear, now extinct in the area, created by artist William Epp in honour of the large bear famously killed on the very spot over 100 years earlier by James Carnegie, the 9th Earl of Southesk while on an expedition to the Canadian prairies in 1859/60 .

Since that time, several paleontologists, students, and scores of volunteers have returned every summer to continue and expand the hunt for and preservation of both paleontological and archaeological specimens in the Coalmine Ravine. New fossils of several species of dinosaurs, marine reptiles, ancient sharks, shellfish, land and aquatic plants as well as many other fossil varieties are being found in the ravine all the time. The Herschel area is now considered by many to be a hot spot for archaeology, paleontology, rare and endangered native prairie plants and animals.

Gallery
Images of the town of Herschel, Saskatchewan and surrounding area.

Attractions
The community of Herschel, the nearby Bad Hills and the Rural Municipality of Mountain View No. 318 are home to many interesting attractions and points of interest, including:
 Ancient Echoes Interpretive Centre
 Herschel Retreat House
 Herschel Memorial Hall
 Herschel Memorial Rink
 Herschel Museum
 Herschel Ebenfeld Mennonite Church
 Stranraer Commemorative Library

See also
List of communities in Saskatchewan
List of hamlets in Saskatchewan
List of historic places in rural municipalities of Saskatchewan
Rural Municipality of Mountain View No. 318

References

External links

Designated places in Saskatchewan
Former villages in Saskatchewan
Mountain View No. 318, Saskatchewan
Special service areas in Saskatchewan
Populated places disestablished in 2006
Ghost towns in Saskatchewan
Division No. 12, Saskatchewan


The Armstrong Whitworth AW.55 Apollo was a 1940s British four-engine turboprop  airliner built by Armstrong Whitworth at Baginton. The aircraft was in competition with the Vickers Viscount but was beset with engine problems and only two were built.

Development
The requirement resulted from the Brabazon Committee's Type II design, calling for a small, medium-range pressurized aircraft to fly its less-travelled routes which became Air Ministry Specification C.16/46 for an aircraft able to carry 24–30 passengers over  at a cruising speed of .

The resulting design was the AW.55 Apollo, a low-wing cantilever monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage. Due to the narrowness of the engines, there was no room in the nacelles for the main wheels which instead folded up into the wings. It had a conventional tail unit with a mid-placed cantilever horizontal tailplane. It had a pressurised fuselage with seating for 26–31 passengers. It was designed to use the Armstrong Siddeley Mamba ASM.2 which was expected to produce  plus  static thrust for the production aircraft. When the prototype Apollo was ready to fly the engine could only produce . Two prototypes - one to be completely fitted out - and a static test fuselage were ordered by the Ministry of Supply and construction started in 1948. The prototype (serial VX220) first flew from the grass field at Baginton, Coventry on 10 April 1949 for a thirty-minute test flight.

The aircraft was unstable and underpowered and after just nine hours of test flying, it was grounded to try to solve some of the problems. Test flying resumed in August 1949 but the aircraft had further engine problems. Changes were made to the design of the tail unit including fitting a dorsal fin and increasing the fin area to improve the flying qualities. In October 1950, a limited category Certificate of Airworthiness was granted to allow the aircraft to carry non-fare paying passengers. One proving flight - between Baginton and Paris taking 1 hr 26 min  - was carried out on 12 March 1951.

Further engine problems stopped the trial and test flights. The company started a selling campaign to European airlines but the problems with performance and continual engine difficulties caused the decision in June 1952 to abandon development of the aircraft. The competing Brabazon IIB design the Vickers Viscount powered by the Rolls-Royce Dart became a best-selling turboprop in the 1950s and 60s. The second prototype was expected to use the Mamba 3 to give it a maximum weight of 45,000 lb.

Operational history
Although the development programme was cancelled the two prototypes had been paid for by the Ministry of Supply and the prototype aircraft entered service at the Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down in September 1952. The second aircraft (serial VX224) followed in September 1953 and was later used by the Empire Test Pilot's School during 1954 for multi-engine pilot training. The prototype was broken up in 1955 and the second aircraft was passed to the Structures Department at RAE Farnborough. The aircraft fuselage was used at Farnborough for water tank pressure testing until it was scrapped in the 1970s.

Operators

 Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment
 Empire Test Pilot's School

Specifications

See also

References

 A.J. Jackson, British Civil Aircraft since 1919:Volume 1. London:Putnam, 1974.  . pp 285
 King, Derek. "The Armstrong Whitworth Apollo". Air-Britain Aviation World Vol 56 No. 4 Winter 2004, pp 164–165.ISSN 1742-996X
 Tapper, Oliver. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913. London:Putnam, 1988. .

External links

 "Apollo" a 1948 Flight article

1940s British airliners
Apollo
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Four-engined turboprop aircraft
Low-wing aircraft


William, Will, Bill, or Billy Jordan may refer to:

Politicians
William Jordan (MP for Sandwich) (fl. 1381–1391), Member of Parliament for Sandwich
William Jordan (died 1720), Member of Parliament for Reigate
Hamilton Jordan (William Hamilton Jordan, 1944–2008), American politician, chief of staff to President Carter
William E. Jordan (1883–?), American politician, socialist state legislator from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Bill Jordan (politician) (1879–1959), New Zealand diplomat and politician, MP and high commissioner
William Worthington Jordan (1849–1886), South African trader, founder of the Boer republic of Upingtonia

Sports
Hen Jordan (William Henry Jordan, 1894–1948), American baseball player
William Jordan (rower) (1898–1968), American Olympic gold medalist rower
Billy Jordan (1908/09–2000), Irish professional footballer
Bill Jordan (Australian footballer) (1906–1995), Australian rules footballer
Bill Jordan (American football), college football player and coach

Writers
Bill Jordan (environmental critic) (born 1944), American journalist
William B. Jordan (1940–2018), American art historian
William Chester Jordan (born 1948), American medieval historian
William George Jordan (1864–1928), American editor and essayist
William Jordan (writer) (fl. 1611), Cornish writer and dramatist

Actors
Will Jordan (born 1927), American actor and impressionist
William Jordan (actor) (born 1937), American television and film actor, star of 1978 television series Project UFO

Others

Bill Jordan (American lawman) (1911–1997), U.S. Marine, Border Patrol officer, gun writer
William-Jordan (died 1109), Crusader baron
William Jordan, Baron Jordan (born 1936), British economist and trade unionist
Bill Jordan (outdoorsman), American camouflage designer
William H. Jordan (died 1923), American herring merchant from Gloucester, Massachusetts
William Lancelot Jordan (1896–1931), South African WWI flying ace

See also
William Jorden (1923–2009), William John Jorden, American reporter and diplomat
William Jordyn (disambiguation)
William II Jordan (d. 1109), Count of Berga (from 1094), Count of Cerdanya (from 1095), and Regent of the County of Tripoli from 1105.


Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, known as adder's-tongue spearwort, is a herbaceous plant in the family Ranunculaceae ("buttercup family"), with small, bright yellow, buttercup-like flowers.

Distribution
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius is found widely in southern Europe (especially in Sardinia), North Africa (including Macaronesia) and western Asia. In 1957, it was introduced to New Zealand. In the British Isles, it is now restricted to two sites, and in Scandinavia, it is only found at a few sites on the island of Gotland.

Status in Great Britain
Also known as the "Badgeworth buttercup", this plant has been the subject of considerable conservation effort from Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust and Plantlife. It is currently found in only two sites in the UK (Badgeworth and Inglestone Common), making it one of the rarest species of the country.

A historical timeline is published by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust:
In 1789, adder's-tonguespearwort was first described by Dominique Villars in Histoire des plantes de Dauphiné.
In June 1838, it was discovered in the Channel Islands at St Peter's Marsh on Jersey by Charles Cardale Babington.
In 1843, Sowerby's English Botany included illustrations.
Mentioned in 1846 by Edward Forbes in a classic article on a theory of floral distribution of the British Isles.
In 1878 in England, a few specimens were found in a wet ditch at Hythe, Hampshire by Mr. H Groves (not fully identified until 1882).
In 1884, the last known specimens were collected from St Peter's Marsh, Jersey and are in the Herbarium of Carlisle City Museum.
In 1890, adder's-tongue spearwort was discovered at Cold Pool, Badgeworth by Mr. Buckell and Mrs. Frances Fawkes.
In 1914, it was found in a wet meadow near Woodsford, Dorset by Professor R Good.
In 1926, a second Gloucestershire site was found around a pond on Inglestone Common by Mrs C I Sandwith and Mr N Y Sandwith.
In 1929, specimens were collected by Frere Louis-Arsene at Grouville, Jersey (later found to be adder's-tongue spearwort) and are now in the Herbarium at the Natural History Museum.

References

External links
 Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
 Plantlife

ophioglossifolius
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1789


The Stamper site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 34TX1, is an archaeological site in rural Texas County, Oklahoma.  The site has historic significance for the role its finds have played in the development of archaeologists' understanding of cultural contact and migration in the southern plains.  It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

Description
The Stamper site is south of the town of Optima, on a terrace overlooking the North Canadian River but below a higher escarpment.  The site takes its name from Charles Stamper, who homesteaded the area in 1886.  Its major features are eighteen "rooms" or walled structures, whose remnants are visible on the surface.  The site has yielded stone projectiles, pottery fragments, and evidence of human burials.

The site had been known locally as a significant prehistoric site for many years before it was brought to the attention of professional archaeologists.  In 1929 J. Willis Stovall of the University of Oklahoma (OU) discovered the site, probably while working at another nearby site.  An OU-funded dig took place in 1933, in which several of the rooms were investigated, including one that had been substantially vandalized, and the largest of the structures.  Further investigation took place in 1934 as part of a federal New Deal program that was canceled in 1935.  Analysis of the early reports and finds has yielded indications that there are as many as six feet of cultural deposits in some areas, indicating a long period of occupation.  A report published in 1950 identified the site as a type site for the "Optima Focus", but later research and finds have suggested it is not significantly different than the Antelope Creek Phase.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas County, Oklahoma

References

National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Texas County, Oklahoma
Archaeological type sites


Survival! is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Baen Books in 1984.  Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Astounding, Fantasy and Science Fiction, If, Imagination, Fantastic, Infinity Science Fiction, Future and Venture

Contents

 Preface, by Sandra Miesel
 "The Question"
 "Our First Death"
 "No Shield from the Dead"
 "The Underground"
 "After the Funeral"
 "The General and the Axe"
 "Button, Button"
 "Rescue"
 "Friend for Life"
 "Carry Me Home"
 "Jean Duprès"
 "Breakthrough Gang"

References

1984 short story collections
Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson


Fred Sersen (February 24, 1890 – December 11, 1962) was an American painter and cinema special effects artist working mainly at 20th Century Fox Studios from the 1930s to the 1950s with credits in over 200 movies. He won two Academy Awards for Best Effects, Special Effects (photographic), in 1940 for The Rains Came, and in 1944 for Crash Dive. An artificial lake created for the former film was named in his honor.

Biography
Fred Sersen was born Ferdinand Metoděj Sršeň, February 24, 1890, in Veselí nad Moravou, then a part of Austria-Hungary, At the age of 17 he moved to the United States. He studied art at the Los Angeles School of Art and Design, the Portland Art Academy, and the San Francisco Institute of Art. His first credited film was A Connecticut Yankee (1931). In 1937 he recreated the 1871 Great Chicago Fire on the screen for the film In Old Chicago. Other notable effects for which he is credited include the fire in Hangover Square, the flying saucer in The Day the Earth Stood Still, and the sinking of the ship in Titanic.

He died December 11, 1962 in Los Angeles, California.

Awards

References

External links

 Entry at askart.com

1890 births
1962 deaths
Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners
Special effects people
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United States
People from Veselí nad Moravou


Alastair Greenwood Hill (25 April 1934 – 18 December 2018) was a Scottish football player. He won the 1955 Scottish Cup with Clyde.

Hill died in Blairgowrie on 18 December 2018, at the age of 84.

References

Sources

1934 births
2018 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Clyde F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Stirling Albion F.C. players
Falkirk F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Men's association football wingers
Footballers from Glasgow
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
Jeanfield Swifts F.C. players


The floyarka () is a type of sopilka, a traditional Ukrainian flute. It is characterized as an open-ended notched flute. The floyarka is a larger version of the frilka.

The floyarka is a pipe of approximately a 30 cm in length, (approximately 10 cm longer than the frilka). Traditionally, a floyarka had six holes, although now ten holes are also common. One end is sharpened and the breath is broken against one of the sides of the tube at the playing end. The mouthpiece is sharpened into a cone-like edge and the instrument produces a sound similar to that of the flute.

The floyarka was often played at funerals in the Carpathian mountains.
Shepherds were also able to accompany themselves with glutteral humming which produced an ostinato tone or drone.

The floyarka is often called a frilka or sometimes zubivka in central Ukraine.

The name is rather a contaminant from a Greek-Romanian filiation (more spread is the Slavic sopilka).

See also
Ukrainian folk music

Sources

Humeniuk, A. - Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty - Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 1967
Mizynec, V. - Ukrainian Folk Instruments - Melbourne: Bayda books, 1984
Cherkaskyi, L. - Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty // Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003 - 262 pages.

Ukrainian musical instruments
End-blown flutes


East Runton Windmill is a grade II listed tower mill at East Runton, Norfolk, England which has been converted to residential accommodation.

History
The first record of this windmill is its appearance on Bryant’s map of Norfolk published in 1826. The mill was owned by Joseph Baker in 1836 following his marriage with Susan Dawson in 1804. He was a miller and brickmaker. The mill was to let in 1843. On 1 November 1860 a fifteen year old girl named Martha Holman was struck by one of the sails and knocked unconscious. The mill was working until at least 1908, when Ronald Hall was the miller, but it was derelict in 1926.

The mill still had a cap in 1937, but the sails and fantail had been removed by then. By 1949, the mill had been stripped of machinery. The tower retained the remains of the cap frame in 1984. In 2003, the mill was converted to residential accommodation, with a new cap and fantail added.

Description

East Runton Windmill is a five storey tower mill with a stage at second floor level. It has a boat shaped cap with a gallery, winded by a fantail. The mill had four double Patent sails and drove three pairs of millstones. The tower is  to curb level.

Millers
Joseph Baker 1836-43
George Waterson 1845-46
Joseph Baker 1841-56
Stephen Millet 1858-59
James Kemp 1860-1904
Ronald Hall 1908

Reference for above:-

Gallery

References

External links
Windmill World webpage on East Runton mill

Towers completed in the 1820s
East Runton
Windmills in Norfolk
North Norfolk
Tower mills in the United Kingdom
Grade II listed buildings in Norfolk
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Grade II listed windmills


Moreland was an association football (soccer) team that competed in various leagues in Victoria, Australia between 1934 and 1985. The team was also known as Moreland Victoria and as Moreland Thistle between 1965 and 1970.

After the 1985 season, Moreland merged with Park Rangers to form Moreland Park Rangers. In 1990 Moreland Park Rangers merged with Coburg to form the team now known as Moreland City.

The team played its home matches at Campbell Reserve, Coburg. In a history spanning 50 years, Moreland won the Victorian Division 1 title, then the top tier of soccer in the state, three times.

Early success

In 1934 Moreland Soccer Club was formed by a breakaway from what was then known as the Brunswick Soccer Club and trophy success came to Moreland early in its history.

The team won the Victorian Division Three title in its very first season and Division Two in 1935. Despite losing just one game in 1935 it was Moreland's superior goal difference that handed them the title ahead of Navy, who finished with the same points.

The following season, 1936, Moreland won the first of its Victorian Division 1 championship titles.

Moreland topped the eight-team league finishing the season on 20 points, one ahead of Royal Caledonians. Royal Caledonians had finished on 21 points but were penalised 2 points and were, therefore, denied the title.

In 1937, Moreland won its third consecutive title and second top-tier trophy in a row finishing with 21 points, one ahead of Prahran in second.

The club also won the Dockerty Cup on four occasions, three times as Moreland and once, in 1945, as Moreland Hakoah.

The club's first Dockety Cup victory came in 1941, a 1–0 win over Prahran at Olympic Park, Melbourne.

In the first round of that year's tournament, Moreland beat Heidelberg 10–2.

The second Dockerty Cup final victory came against Box Hill in October 1945 and was followed the next season with a third Division One championship. As with its previous two championships, Moreland topped the table by just one point.

War-time merger

The Dockerty Cup victory of 1945 came under the name of Moreland Hakoah. During World War II, there was a temporary merger between Moreland and Hakoah, a club who had a predominantly Jewish supporter base.

Some clubs had difficulty fielding teams during the war years while others were forced to close down because many players had left and enlisted for the armed services.

By 1946, the merger between Moreland and Hakoah came to an end with clubs again participating as separate teams.

Relegation, promotions and consolidation

In 1950, Moreland finished in last place and were relegated to Division 2. They did, however, record their third Dockerty Cup triumph, beating Box Hill 2–0 in the final.

1952 brought a first division two title, the team winning 17 of its 18 games and scoring 110 league goals. They hit double figures in four games, and defeated George Cross 12–0 and 10–0.

Back in the top flight, the team consolidated its position finishing fourth in 1953, sixth in 1954, seventh in 1955 and eighth in 1956.

Moreland's Olyroos

Two Moreland players, midfielder Frank Loughran and forward Ted Smith were included in Australia's 20-man soccer squad for the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. It was the very first Olympic football tournament for Australia.

Before the opening games with Japan, the squad trained at Moreland's ground. Australia also played Great Britain and Yugoslavia in a warm-up matches at Moreland, losing 3–1 and 5–1.

In their first ever Olympic soccer match, a 2–0 win over Japan, Loughran scored the second goal.  This game was refereed by Mervin Rogers from Brisbane, the youngest ever international soccer referee at the age of 19.

Demise

During the 1950s and 1960s, the face of Victorian soccer started to change with the ethnic clubs becoming stronger on and off the pitch. They were able to offer players, for the first time, a wage. Presidents of the powerful ethnic clubs travelled around Melbourne buying up the best players.

Moreland was a favourite target and numerous players left to play with the cashed up clubs.

Despite the decimation of the team, Moreland did win the 1957 Dockerty Cup, for the fourth and last time.

In 1962 Moreland had a written guarantee that the great Stanley Matthews would play eight games with the club. However, this deal fell through because of a FIFA ban on foreign players coming to Australia.

Eric Heath said his team had correspondence with Mathews and he "really wanted to come".

"He remembered Frank Loughran, his old sparring partner, from the Blackpool tour in 1958. You see Tommy Trinder and Harry Hopman were both patrons of the Moreland Soccer club," said Heath.

Moreland finished in second place in the league in 1957 winning promotion to the new Victorian State League for the 1958 season.

At the end of the 1962 season, the team's fifth in the State League, Moreland finished bottom, winning just one game and losing 21.

In 1968 – now known as Moreland Thistle – they were relegated from Metropolitan League Division One.

They remained in Victorian Metropolitan League Division Two – now the 3rd tier in the state – until 1978 when they finished 2nd winning promotion.

Moreland finished bottom of Division One in 1981 but were not relegated. They finished bottom again and were relegated in 1985, the final year of their existence.

When they returned in 1986 in Division Two, they had merged with Park Rangers to become Moreland Park Rangers.

Honours

Domestic

League

Victorian Division 1
Winners (3): 1936, 1937, 1946,
Runners-up (1): 1957

Victorian Division 2
Winners (2): 1935, 1952

Victorian Metropolitan League Division 2
Runners-up (1): 1978

Cups
Dockerty Cup
Winners (4): 1941, 1945, 1950, 1957
Runners-up (3): 1942, 1943, 1946

Miscellaneous
Otto Pecnick, the man who timed John Landy's attempts upon the mile record at Olympic Park was a treasurer of the club.

Jack Morris, who was twice mayor of Coburg was a club president in the 1950s.

Footnotes

References
Moreland at Oz Football
Eric Heath interview

External links
Moreland City FC

Association football clubs established in 1934
Association football clubs disestablished in 1985
Defunct soccer clubs in Australia
Soccer clubs in Melbourne
1934 establishments in Australia
1985 disestablishments in Australia


David Hosack   (August 31, 1769 – December 22, 1835) was an American physician, botanist, and educator. He remains widely known as the doctor who tended to the fatal injuries of Alexander Hamilton after his duel with Aaron Burr in July 1804, and who had similarly tended to Hamilton's son Philip after his fatal 1801 duel with George Eacker. He established several institutions including Elgin Botanic Garden and a medical school at Rutgers University.

Early life and college
Hosack was born in New York City, the first of seven children of Alexander Hossack , a merchant from Elgin in Scotland, and his wife Jane Arden. Following the end of the American Revolutionary War, Hosack was sent to New Jersey academies to further his education, first in Newark and then Hackensack. He would go on to attend Columbia College, now a branch of Columbia University, where he began as a student of art, but eventually became fascinated by medicine.

At Columbia, Hosack entered into a medical apprenticeship with Dr. Richard Bayley. While Hosack was studying at New York Hospital in April 1788, a violent crowd formed outside to protest body snatching, the practice of illicitly obtaining cadavers from graveyards for use in medical training. The rioters had gathered after a medical student taunted a group of children by waving a corpse's arm at them from a window, resulting in several days of violence that was later called the doctors' riot. While trying to protect the laboratory from a mob that broke into the hospital, Hosack was hit on the head with a heavy stone.

Soon afterward, Hosack left Columbia and transferred to Princeton (then known as the College of New Jersey).  Hosack graduated from Princeton with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1789.

Medical education and early practice
In 1789, after graduating from Princeton, Hosack enrolled as a medical student under Dr. Nicholas Romayne, where he regularly visited homes for the poor and insane, as they were among the few places to offer clinical instruction. In the fall of 1790, Hosack transferred to medical school in Philadelphia, where he wrote a doctoral dissertation on cholera.  He married in early 1791, and that spring he received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania.

In 1791, Hosack and his wife Catharine moved to Alexandria, Virginia, where he opened his first medical practice. They returned a year later to New York City.

During Hosack's first few years in medical practice, he concluded that the best practitioners had received at least some of their schooling in Europe, and convinced his father to pay his way to Britain in order to obtain such schooling. Upon arriving in the United Kingdom, Hosack matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, where he was reportedly horrified to find his knowledge of botany was sorely lacking.  Well received by some of the leading scientific minds of the period, Hosack spent much of his time in their botanical gardens and lecture halls. He ultimately became one of the leading American scholars of botany.

Hosack returned to America by 1796 and established a practice in New York City. A good deal of Hosack's clinical work was as a family practitioner, including pediatric and obstetric care.

In the years that followed, Hosack gained a reputation as a confirmed family man, and for living well.

Hamilton–Burr duel
Hosack was the family doctor of Alexander Hamilton and his family, and is perhaps best known as the doctor present during Hamilton's duel with Aaron Burr in Weehawken, New Jersey on July 11, 1804. Hosack, a friend to both Hamilton and Burr, treated Hamilton after Burr fired, and accompanied him across the river to the dockside home of William Bayard Jr., where Hamilton died the next day. Hosack had also treated Hamilton's son Philip after he was fatally shot by George Eacker in a duel at the same location in 1801. At Alexander Hamilton's funeral, Hosack was one of the pallbearers.

Three years after the duel, Burr was tried and acquitted on a charge of treason for a conspiracy to form a new nation in the Louisiana Territory and Spanish Texas. Hosack loaned Burr money for passage on a ship to Europe, where Burr lived for several years in self-imposed exile to escape his creditors and the notoriety resulting from the trial.

Contributions to medicine and science

Hosack was the creator in 1801 of America's first botanical garden, the Elgin Botanic Garden, which he modeled after gardens he had seen in Scotland and named for the garden in his father’s birthplace.

Teaching career
One of Hosack's most distinguished students was a celebrated New York City physician, John Franklin Gray, who later became the first practitioner of homeopathy in the United States. Gray's embrace of homeopathy, a pseudoscientific discipline, resulted in the loss of Hosack's friendship.

Establishment of hospitals and schools

Lying-In Hospital of New York
In 1798, following a yellow fever epidemic, Hosack proposed opening the first lying-in hospital in New York, a maternity clinic where he could offer health care to poor pregnant women.  He raised funds from subscribers, including Alexander Hamilton, to purchase a house on Cedar Street where the Lying-In Hospital opened in 1799.  In 1801, the Lying-In Hospital moved into space rented from New York Hospital, but ceased operations in 1827 when New York Hospital refused to host the facility any longer. The institution continued to exist on paper as a charitable society for several decades after Hosack's death, ultimately merging in 1890 with an obstetrical dispensary that became part of New York Hospital, now NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.

Medical colleges
Hosack and his former teacher, Dr. Nicholas Romayne, both at various times sought academic sponsorship from colleges in order to found new medical schools at those colleges. They were early proponents of the belief that medical education should be easily accessible. One of Hosack's earlier victories was the merger of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia University. He successfully pursued an alliance with Rutgers College, bringing his group of colleagues to New Brunswick, New Jersey. Medical instruction at Rutgers began on November 6, 1826; however, as quickly as the medical college came into existence, opposition surfaced from the medical establishment in New York.

Hosack came under attack by the County Medical Society of New York for "unjustifiable interference in the medical concerns of the state and disregard for the provisions of the laws of the state regarding medical education."

After the defeat, Hosack traveled to upstate New York and succeeded in gaining the sponsorship of Geneva College in Geneva, New York. Soon after, the medical school previously established in New Jersey at Rutgers transferred its allegiance to Geneva. The trustees of that college voted on October 30, 1827, to establish the medical faculty. Hosack's adversaries filed suit in The People v. The Trustees of Geneva College, in which the court ruled that the college did not have the power to operate or appoint a faculty at any place but Geneva, invalidating the branch of Geneva College in New York City.

Horticulture and botany

In 1801, Hosack created the Elgin Botanic Garden, named for his father's Scottish birthplace. It was the first public botanical garden in the United States, established with his purchase of twenty acres of rural land on the outskirts of New York City for just under $5,000, equivalent to $ in  dollars. The location, 3½ miles from what was then the city limit, is now bounded by 47th Street on the south, 51st Street on the north, and Fifth Avenue on the east, reaching nearly to Sixth Avenue on the west. It is the present site of Rockefeller Center.

The entire property "was intended by Professor Hosack for a botanical garden, the prime object of which was to be the collection and cultivation of native plants of this country, especially such as possess medicinal properties or are otherwise useful." At his own expense, Hosack landscaped the garden with a variety of indigenous and exotic plants, mostly of American origin.  By 1805, after Hosack had spent $75,000 on the effort, the garden was home to 1,500 species of plants from all over the world, including some rare specimens contributed by Thomas Jefferson. The following year, Hosack published a catalogue and visitors' guide, containing an extensive list of the plants under cultivation at Elgin.

Hosack's funds were insufficient to support such a project indefinitely, and it was suggested that he was so preoccupied with his endeavors in the creation of Rutgers Medical College that he had neither time nor money to continue the garden. The State of New York purchased Elgin from Hosack, pursuant to an 1810 act of the New York State Legislature, for a much lower sum than Hosack had paid for the property.

Care of the garden was placed in the hands of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, which then gave it to Columbia College in 1814. Columbia had no interest in continuing with the costly project. Elgin Botanic Garden was abandoned and eventually fell into decay, and Columbia ultimately leased the land to John D. Rockefeller Jr. in the 1920s for the construction of Rockefeller Center.

Personal life

Marriages and children

Early in 1791, shortly before receiving his medical degree, Hosack married Catharine Warner, whom he had met while studying at Princeton. Their son Alexander was born in Virginia in June 1792, after which the family moved back to New York City. Shortly after Hosack returned from Scotland to America, his son died. Catharine died soon after, in 1796, giving birth to a second child who also died. These personal tragedies, along with epidemics of yellow fever that hit Philadelphia in 1793 and New York in 1795 and 1798, led Hosack to devote much of his life thereafter towards the expansion of medical knowledge and education, as well as the training of doctors in caring for women and children. Hosack became an advocate for the betterment of lives of the poor, which led him to become a founder of the Humane Society.

Close to two years after his first wife died, Hosack married a Philadelphia woman, Mary Eddy, a sister of Thomas Eddy, a prominent Philadelphia philanthropist and prison reformer. David and Mary Hosack had nine children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. These included Alexander Eddy Hosack (1805–1871), a pioneering surgeon who took on much of his father's practice after his death.

Social and intellectual pursuits

Hosack was one of the founders of the New-York Historical Society, and its fourth president (1820–1827).  He was also a president of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York.  He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1810, the American Antiquarian Society in 1814, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences the following year. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1827 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.

Final days
The Great Fire of New York, which began on December 15, 1835, destroyed between 530 and 700 buildings in New York City, covering  in 17 city blocks. Hosack's personal loss of property in the fire was valued at $300,000, equivalent to $ in  dollars.

Hosack died of a stroke one week afterward, on December 22, 1835, and was buried at New York Marble Cemetery. In 1888, Hosack's descendants had him reinterred at Trinity Church Cemetery, where Alexander Hamilton is also buried.

In popular culture
 Gillen D'Arcy Wood's 2005 historical novel, Hosack's Folly, was based on the life of Dr. Hosack.  Hosack's Folly takes place twenty years after the Hamilton–Burr duel, during a time of great danger in New York due to a yellow fever epidemic.
 In the 2015 Broadway musical Hamilton, an ensemble member carrying a medical bag represents Hosack (not identified by name) at the duel in which Alexander Hamilton is killed. Aaron Burr, in the song "The World Was Wide Enough", sings that Hamilton brought "a doctor that he knew," adding that "the doctor turned around so he could have deniability."

Selected works
 An introductory lecture on medical education (1801)
 Observations on the Canada thistle (1810)
 Observations on the establishment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of New-York (1811)
 Observations on the surgery of the ancients: vindicating their claims to many of the reputed discoveries and improvements of modern times (1813)
 Observations on the advantages of exposing wounds to the air after capital operations (1813)
 Observations on vision (1813)
 Observations on the laws governing the communication of contagious diseases: and the means of arresting their progress (1815)
 Tribute to the memory of the late Caspar Wistar (1818)
 System of practical nosology (1821)

Further reading

References

1769 births
1835 deaths
18th-century American physicians
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Princeton University alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Columbia University faculty
Rutgers University faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Hobart and William Smith Colleges people
Physicians from New York City
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Burials at Trinity Church Cemetery
Burials at New York Marble Cemetery


Dr. Oyeleye Oyediran is a noted Nigerian political scientist. A former Fulbright scholar, and a native of Ogbomosho in Oyo State, he has edited books like, Nigerian Government and Politics Under Military Rule, 1966-1979 and Survey of Nigerian Affairs, 1973-1977 and 1978-1979. He has remained a faculty at the Center for International Studies, at the East Carolina University, and Senior Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace, (1999–2000).

Early life and education
He attended Baptist Boys High School in Abeokuta, the capital of Ogun State in South West Nigeria, and received his PH.D from the University of Pittsburgh.

Career
He has served as Chairman of the Department of Political Science at the University of Lagos and was a lecturer at the University of Ibadan. During this period, he was Editor-in-chief of the Journal of Business and Social Studies for over ten years. He was a member of the 1975 Nigerian Constitution Drafting Committee, and from October 1999-July 2000, was a senior fellow at the United States Institute for Peace, in Washington D.C. He was also the first holder of the Distinguished River Endowed Chair at East Carolina University.

He has been a visiting lecturer at various institutions, including:

The University of North Carolina
The University of California at Los Angeles
Duke University
Institut de Sciences Politique in Switzerland.
The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace

Publications
 Nigerian legislative houses, which way?'. University of Ibadan Consultancy Unit, 1980.
Oyediran, O. (1979). Nigerian government and politics under military rule, 1966-79. Macmillan.Essays on Local Government and Administration in Nigeria, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria, Project Publications, 1988.Transition Without End : Nigerian Politics and Civil Society under Babangida, edited by Larry Diamond, Anthony Kirk-Greene and Oyeleye Oyediran, Lynne Rienner Publishers (1997)  Nigeria : Politics of Transition and Governance, 1986-1996, edited by Oyeleye Oyediran and Adigun A.B. Agbaje. Dakar, Senegal, Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (c1999)
 Nigerian Government and Politics Under Military Rule, 1966-1979. Macmillan, 1979. .Survey of Nigerian Affairs, 1973-1977 and 1978-1979. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs in co-operation with Macmillan Nigeria Publishers, 1981. .
Oyediran, O., & Agbaje, A. A. (Eds.). (1999). Nigeria: politics of transition and governance, 1986-1996''. African Books Collective.

References

External links
United States Institute for Peace

Nigerian political scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Yoruba academics
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Academic staff of the University of Lagos
Academic staff of the University of Ibadan
East Carolina University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Duke University faculty
People from Oyo State
Nigerian expatriate academics in the United States
Nigerian editors


Hohenwalde is an Ortsteil of Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg, Germany, with a population of 425.

The town of Müllrose is also close by.

External links

Villages in Brandenburg
Frankfurt (Oder)


Tayside Aviation was one of Scotland’s leading flight schools. Founded in February 1968, the Dundee-based aviation school was a UK CAA Approved Flight Training Organisation and had been training pilots for over five decades before it ceased trading on 20 April 2023.

The flight school delivered a range of aviation courses including a Private Pilot Level (LAPL PPL) to Commercial Pilot Level (CPL, MEP, IR and MCC) AND Flight Instructor Training (FIC, IRI, CRI) on a full-time or part-time basis.

Tayside Aviation was the first flight school to be awarded a RAF Flying Scholarship in 1978 and in 1994 the school became the sole UK contractor for the Flying Scholarship Scheme training over 500 cadets per year with the support of seven sub-contractors throughout the UK.

Tayside Aviation continued to be a centre of excellence for military and civil aviation. The school was awarded the prestigious Royal Air Force Central Flying School Trophy by the Honourable Company of Air Pilots for demonstrating excellence in flight training.

Based in Scotland’s sunniest city, Tayside Aviation’s Dundee base had 20 light aircraft, classroom training facilities and engineering support services. The flight school was unique in that it was one of only a few ATO’s in the UK where all training could be completed on the one site.

In December 2021 Tayside Aviation was bought by ARB Aviation, a company set up by business man Tony Banks.

In 2022, Tayside Aviation become the official sponsor of Celtic FC Women’s team with the aim of encouraging more females into aviation and sport.

Collapse of business

In April 2023 the company was placed into administration causing trainee pilots to suffer significant financial loss.

References

About Us. Tayside Aviation. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.

External links

Tayside Aviation website
Bsc Professional Aviation Pilot Practice Degree
RAF Cadet Contract With Tayside Aviation
Aviation Skills Partnership
Loganair

Aviation in Scotland
Aviation schools in the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1968
Organisations based in Dundee
Transport in Dundee
1968 establishments in Scotland


Sir John Purser Griffith (5 October 1848 – 21 October 1938) was a Welsh-born Irish civil engineer and politician.

Griffith was educated at Trinity College Dublin, and gained a licence in civil engineering in 1868. He served a two-year apprenticeship under Dr Bindon Blood Stoney, the Engineer in Chief of the Dublin Port and Docks, before working as assistant to the county surveyor of County Antrim. He returned to Dublin in 1871 and worked as Dr. Stoney's assistant, becoming the Chief Engineer in 1898 before retiring in 1913.

He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in Ireland between 1887 and 1889  and of the Institution of Civil Engineers between 1919 and 1920. He was elected Commissioner of Irish Lights in 1913 and was a member of the Royal Commission on Canals and Waterways between 1906 and 1911.

Griffith purchased and drained the bogland at Pollagh, part of the Bog of Allen, a peat fuelled power station was built which drove an excavator, excess peat being taken by the Grand Canal for sale in Dublin. The site was sold to the Turf Development Board in 1936 who used it as a basis for all of their later peat fuelled power stations, the area is now a nature reserve.

Griffith received a knighthood in 1911 and became vice-president of the Royal Dublin Society in 1922. He served as Honorary Professor of Harbour Engineering in Trinity College, his alma mater, and received an honorary M.A.I. degree from the University of Dublin in 1914. From 1922 he was an elected member of the Seanad Éireann, the Irish senate, until its abolition in 1936. In the 1930s he and Sarah Purser, endowed the Purser Griffith Travelling Scholarship and the Purser Griffith Prize to the two best performing students in European Art History at University College Dublin.

He died at Rathmines Castle in Dublin on 21 October 1938.

References

External links

Irish civil engineers
1848 births
1938 deaths
Irish knights
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Members of the 1922 Seanad
Members of the 1925 Seanad
Members of the 1928 Seanad
Members of the 1931 Seanad
Members of the 1934 Seanad
Members of the Senate of Southern Ireland
Independent members of Seanad Éireann
People from Holyhead