Halikko Church (, ) is an Evangelical Lutheran church in Halikko, Finland. The first parts of the church were built in the 13th century, and Halikko Church is one of the 73 medieval stone churches of Finland.

History

Halikko Church was built in the mid-13th century. Most likely local manor owners the Horn family financed the construction. Therefore, Åminne manor had a right to patronage the priests of Halikko. Halikko Church was first a Roman Catholic church and its protector saint was Saint Bridget.

The Church needed to be expanded and mended in the late-18th century. The first expansion was made in 1799, and the second expansion was made between 1813 and 1815. During the second expansion the church was made cross-shaped. The old sacristy, weapon room and the grave of Horn-family had to be removed that the new parts could be built. At the same time, the whole church was renewed from the inside. An architect Charles Bassi designed the whole operation.

During the 20th century, Halikko Church has been mended three time: in 1921, 1954, and 1989–1990. The church has now sewers and electricity.

The Belfry of Halikko Church was built in 1773.

Legend
According to legend, Halikko Church was built c.a. 1440. Henrik Olafsson the Graf of Åminne manor financed the construction of the Halikko Church, the Pertteli Church and  the Chapel of Salo to pay the sins of his family. His father-in-law had murdered his wife and the seen a vision in which Jesus said that he must pay his sins.

Gallery

Sources
 Guide's Book of Halikko Church

External links

Medieval stone churches in Finland
Gothic architecture in Finland
Buildings and structures in Southwest Finland
Lutheran churches in Finland
Lutheran churches converted from Roman Catholicism


WIMR may refer to:

 WIMR-LP, a low-power radio station (96.5 FM) licensed to McIntosh, Florida, United States
 "Wherever I May Roam", a song by Metallica
 Woolmer Instructional Military Railway, the original name of the Longmoor Military Railway


"Good Timin" was a number-one single in the UK Singles Chart during 1960, written by Fred Tobias and Clint Ballard Jr., and performed by Jimmy Jones. In the U.S., the follow-up to "Handy Man" went to number three on Billboard Hot 100 chart and number eight on the R&B chart.  The song extrapolates the historical encounters between David and Goliath and between Columbus and Isabella as reason enough for a boy to meet a girl.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Cover versions
"Good Timin" was later covered by Kyu Sakamoto in Japanese.

Australian band Ol' 55 covered the song on their album The Vault (1980).

UK band Showaddywaddy also covered the song and released it as a single in 1981, but it failed to reach the charts.  It was also featured on their 1981 album Good Times.

References

1960 singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Songs written by Clint Ballard Jr.
Songs written by Fred Tobias
1960 songs


Luigi Gatti (October 7, 1740 – March 1, 1817) was a classical composer. He was born in Lazise in 1740, the son of an organist, Francesco della Gatta. He was ordained a priest in Mantua. In the 1780s he became Hofkapellmeister in Salzburg and Leopold Mozart showed his irritation at not receiving it himself. Between 1801 and 1804 Gatti helped Mozart's sister, Nannerl to locate unknown pieces by Mozart. He died in Salzburg in 1817.

He is famous for writing oratorios, cantatas, sextets and septets.

Famous works
Septet concertante in F for oboe, 2 horns, violin, viola, cello and double bass
Sextet in E flat for English horn, bassoon, violin, viola, cello and double bass
Concerto per pianoforte e orchestra in do Maggiore L7e5

Notes

External links

Italian Classical-period composers
1740 births
1817 deaths
Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico alumni
Italian male classical composers
19th-century Italian male musicians
People from Lazise


The Ghost City is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by Jay Marchant. It is considered to be a lost film.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, in Sunshine Valley, California, there is trouble aplenty brewing. Laughing Larry Laughton (Morrison) and his pal, Sagebrush Hilton (Rice), are informed that unless the ranch owners place ten thousand dollars in a designated spot on a certain day, the reservoir supplying the valley with water will be drained. To show that they are in earnest, they have taken two feet of water already. At the same time, Austin Sinclair (Allen), wealthy California ranch owner, having purchased Ghost City Ranch in Sunshine Valley, receives word in his home in New Orleans that a conspiracy is in progress to take the ranch away from him. Unable to go to California himself on account of a disabled foot, his daughter Alice (Morris) offers to go for him and gets her cousin Raymond Moreton (Wilson), a daring young aviator, to take her in his plane. Agents of Jasper Harwell (Osborne), who is trying by unfair means to get the ranch from Sinclair, have been installed in the New Orleans home and, learning of Alice's plans, try to prevent them from getting away. They take the automobile, but Alice and Raymond get horses and manage to reach the plane just before them by taking several short cuts. Once in the plane they have an uneventful journey until they are within a few miles of their destination. Here the engine develops trouble and they are forced to land. Alice sees a couple of men and decides to ask them if she can borrow some horses. On the way she gets right in the path of a stampeding herd of cattle. Laughing Larry happens to be one of the men she was heading for and he sees her predicament. Riding his horse down a steep grade he reaches her side just in time. As they race ahead of the herd, Larry's horse falls and they are thrown right under the rushing hoofs.

Saved from the onrush of the stampeding cattle, Alice, on her way to the Harwell ranch to make the payment that will save the ranch at Ghost City for her father, thanks her rescuer Larry Lawton, a young rancher, and explains to him her need for haste. He takes her to the ranch by a short cut. When Harwell tries to refuse payment on the charge that it is overdue, Larry shows him that his own watch shows there is still a few minutes left and makes him give Alice a receipt. That afternoon a meeting is held to determine what action is to be taken regarding the threatening notes. Theses say that unless ten thousand dollars are paid by a certain date, the water will be drained from the reservoir, ruining the valley. There is much debate as to whether or not the blackmail should be paid. Harwell is for paying the money and saving the cattle. Larry and his pal Hilton are for detecting the blackmailers before they do their damage. When Harwell's man Mort Carley (Cole) sees that Hilton is gaining favor for his idea, he steals a record-book from the table and slips out. Larry sees him and follows quickly. Carley has jumped on a motorcycle and Larry takes after him on his fleet horse. An exciting chase ends shortly after Larry has caught up with Carley and jumps to the seat of the motorcycle. Carley loses control of the machine and it plunges off a high cliff, bounces on a ledge far below and continues on down into the lake below. This and other adventures follow as Larry and Alice seek to preserve the ranch at Ghost City.

Cast

Chapter titles

 The Thundering Herd
 The Bulldogger
 The Maelstrom
 The Water Trap
 Foiling the Rustlers
 Death's Specter
 Stolen Gold
 The Midnight Intruder
 Talons of the Night
 The Frame-Up
 Ambushed
 The Betrayal
 Man to Man
 Flames of Vengeance
 Face to Face

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio
 List of lost films

References

External links

1923 films
1923 lost films
1923 Western (genre) films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Jay Marchant
Lost American Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures film serials
Silent American Western (genre) films
1920s American films


Patrick Rosso (born 6 May 1969) is a French judoka.

Achievements

References

1969 births
Living people
French male judoka
People from La Ciotat
Sportspeople from Bouches-du-Rhône
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in judo
Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games
20th-century French people


Teemu Riihijärvi (born March 1, 1977) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He was drafted in the first round, twelfth overall, of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. He never appeared in an NHL game.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links

1977 births
Finnish ice hockey forwards
Living people
San Jose Sharks draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Espoo Blues players
Lukko players
Lahti Pelicans players
SaiPa players
Södertälje SK players
Ice hockey people from Espoo


Operation N (, where "N" stands for the Polish word "Niemcy," "Germany") was a complex of sabotage, subversion and black-propaganda activities carried out by the Polish resistance against Nazi German occupation forces during World War II, from April 1941 to April 1944. These activities were organized by Office N, which in October 1941 was transformed into an Autonomous Sub-Department N of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda of the Armed Resistance, later of the Home Army. It was headed by Tadeusz Żenczykowski (codename Kania).

Operation N constituted part of a psychological-warfare campaign against the German occupation. It produced German-language newspapers and leaflets, ostensibly distributed by German anti-Nazi groups.

Structure

Autonomous Sub-Department N comprised five sections:
 organization,
 studies,
 subversive actions,
 editing,
 distribution of publications.

Work was carried on with extraordinary precision. The studies section collected special information about the history and geography of Germany, especially about the German language, its dialects, jargons used by various milieus and professional circles, terms used in state administration, about politics, the economy, and opinions current in the army, among the civilian population, etc.

On that basis, thousands of leaflets, pamphlets and periodicals of various political persuasions were produced, from communist to monarchist, as well as satirical and religious periodicals.

In order to act efficiently, there were necessary appropriate local agencies, a set of secret printing houses, printing machines, documentation, files. About 700-950 persons participated in the Action N (editors, translators, printers, couriers and distributors), including boy scouts of Szare Szeregi. About 20,000-30,000 copies of various publications were distributed per month (newspapers, periodicals, leaflets, etc.). In total, during 1942–1944 over 1 million copies of various publications and propaganda materials.

Aims

That action was aimed at confusion, moral pressure and undermining the morale of Germans. Because of that, there were edited and distributed various publications, addressed for civilian citizens of Third Reich, for German soldiers, for Volksdeutsche, officers of occupational administration. Among periodicals, the following titles were published regularly:
 Der Soldat (Engl.: Soldier), published by turns with a monthly Der Frontkämpfer (Engl.. The Front Combatant) - both the periodicals suggested the existence of a wide anti-Nazi opposition inside the German army; an alleged conspiracy organisation was to include circles of the body of generals and higher officers of the army.
 Der Hammer (Engl.: Hammer), and Der Durchbruch (Engl.The Breakthrough) - monthlies addressed for Germans of social-democratic and left-wing views.
 Der Klabautermann (Engl.: ship ghost, affecting seamen with misfortune) - a satirical periodical.
 Die Ostwache (Engl.: Guard in the East) - addressed for German occupational administration in the East.
 Die Zukunft (Engl.: The Future) - a periodical for Polish Volksdeutsche, under a bilingual title.
 Kennst Du die Wahrheit? (Engl.: Do You Know the Truth?) - a periodical addressed for Germans from the prewar area of the Third Reich and also for the Volksdeutsche in occupied Poland.

Apart from that, two counterfeit issues of the Polish-language so-called  the Goniec Krakowski daily () were published, and on 21 March 1943, 10,000 copies of a counterfeit issue of a similar daily Nowy Kurier Warszawski (English: New Warsaw Courier) were published.
Additionally, defeatist pamphlets and leaflets were published. Their alleged authorship was to indicate some German anti-Nazi conspiracy organisations; they were to affirm the certainty of the close downfall of the Third Reich. All texts were elaborated by Polish translators in correct German language, with consideration of German regional dialects. Because of that, long after the war the actions were attributed to Germans.

Activities

Emphasis was placed on simulation of activities of non-existing German resistance groups and on impersonation of existing groups. For this purpose, a separate analytical cell was created in the Bureau of Information and Propaganda (Section II of Studies of the Sub-department of "N" Propaganda). Headed by Michał Mendys, it carried studies upon Nazism; its social and political context, structural changes, personal staff, and current directions of activities. Studies were carried out on the ways the Nazi party communicated with the community, its party jargon, and its language notions. Studies were carried out on the prewar history, foundations, and political programs of German opposition organisations, and on conflicts and groups in Wehrmacht. Based on the results of this analysis, twenty fictitious German organisations were created, including:
 Heimatsbund "Freiheit und Frieden" (Engl.: Homeland Association "Freedom and Friendship") - an underground civil organisation, with alleged seats in Munich and Berlin, appealing to the German civil population to stop their excessive work and sacrifices for Germany's military industry.
 Süddeutscher Freiheitsbund (Engl.: Freedom Association of Southern Germans) - an organisation allegedly active in Munchen and Wien. It called for new elections to the Reichstag, free of electoral falsifications, and called for the politics of NSDAP to be condemned by the whole nation.
 Der Verband Deutscher Frontsoldaten (Engl.: Association of German Soldiers of the Front Line) - an anti-Nazi organisation favoring a speedy armistice with the Allies, and criticising the politics of NSDAP.
 Soldatenbund "Hindenburg" (Engl.: Soldiers' Association "Hindenburg") - an alleged military organisation attempting to persuade German soldiers of the impossibility of winning the war with the USSR, constantly stressing the high losses of Wehrmacht in the Eastern front, and calling for the overthrow of Adolf Hitler.
 Verband der freien Deutschen Nordamerikas (Engl.: Association of Free Germans of North America in New York) - an organisation allegedly representing Germans living in the United States of America, denouncing the enormity of German crimes, opting against nazification of Europe, and calling on fellow citizens to fight against Adolf Hitler and NSDAP.
 Der Deutsche Demokratenbund (Engl.: German Democratic Association) - an organisation that criticised the allies of the Third Reich i.e. Axis powers, in order to arise distrust of the allies and to weaken mutual relations. It attempted to persuade Germans that the alliance with Italy would result in a catastrophe for Germany. It also warned against the increase of the strength of Japan, and claimed that this was an outcome of the irresponsible politics of Adolf Hitler, who had promised Japan influence in Asia and Polynesia without any guarantee that it would declare war on the USSR.
 Der Soldatenrat einer Infanteriedivision im Osten (Engl.: Soldiers' Council of an Infantry Division in the East) - an organisation objecting against high losses in people and equipment in the eastern front. It addressed leaflets and open letters to German soldiers fighting in the eastern front, in which it protested against the mendacity of German propaganda and the absence of the freedom of speech, demanded a disclosure of the actual state of German losses, called for the replacement of the supreme commander of German army, and warned of the looming military defeat.
 Österreichische Freiheitsfront (Engl.: Austrian Front of Liberty) - allegedly created in Wien in 1943; it addressed leaflets to Austrians, in which it stressed that in the five years since the Anschluss Austria had been placed under the yoke of the Nazi authority and was suffering the burdens of war imposed by German fascists. In leaflets and proclamations, it stressed that Austrians were suffering hunger, persecution, and death not for their own cause, but in the interest of Germany. The organisation called for a fight against Nazis Third Reich and for the institution of local organisations under the banner "Austria for Austrians" (Germ. "Österreich den Österreichern").

Other activities

Apart from the publication of periodicals and leaflets, Operation N also assumed other forms, including targeting specific, identified Germans by sending them leaflets, false orders or forged official notices. For instance, in February 1943, a fake order was sent to Germans living in Warsaw stating that a curfew was being instituted for them, with a warning that breaking it could result in injury or death. Later that year a notice informed Germans that gas-masks would be distributed on some days of the week only because of an insufficient supply of masks. It caused chaos and panic among the addressees of the message.

On 30 April 1942 a false order was sent out to 209 factories under German administration, ordering that all workers be granted a fully paid day off work, due to the celebration of the day the NSDAP came to power.

In February 1944 a false order was issued specifying the sequence of evacuation of all Germans residing within the area of the General Government, which was that the Gestapo was to be evacuated first, then the SS, then the SA, then officials of the German administration, followed by the Reichdeutsche (i.e. Germans coming from the prewar territory of the Reich - Germany) and finally the Volksdeutsche. It contained the forged signature of SS Commander and Police general Wilhelm Koppe.

Similar actions of disinformation and other forms of propaganda were periodically carried out. After September 1943 the word "October" was written on walls, to evoke fears of the coming month of October.

Under a separate Action "tse-tse" Germans were annoyed by phone calls with threats, by letters, false notices or by sealing up the keyholes of their flats with gypsum. The "tse-tse" actions were carried by scouts of Szare Szeregi (ca 19 units) and every German was to receive two "stings" chosen from the various anti-German actions available. This was augmented by other forms of Small sabotage such as the painting of "Kotwica", the "Sign of Fighting Poland", and was also carried out by Szare Szeregi.

Epilogue
Operation N peaked in 1943, when the network covered most of Poland, including Szczecin, Wrocław and towns of eastern Poland. In the spring of 1944 the operation was suspended. Several factors contributed to this:
 the uncovering, by the Gestapo, of Operation N's main Warsaw printing-house and of the whole operation in the period, December 1943 – March 1944 (though no order was issued for the operation's winding-down, and the network remained in readiness);
 a substantial shift in the attitude of German community towards the policy of the Third Reich due to constant military discomfitures in the front and systematic bombardments by the Allies;
 a change in political situation inside Poland: the German propaganda dropped down, while that of Polish communists of the Polish Workers' Party and that of the USSR intensified, which resulted in the institution in November 1943 by the Bureau of Information and Propaganda of Armia Krajowa of "Operation Antyk" to conduct anti-communist and anti-soviet propaganda.

See also
 Minor sabotage
 Operation Antyk

References
 Grzegorz Mazur, Biuro Informacji i Propagandy SZP-ZWZ-AK 1939-1945 (Bureau of Information and Propaganda of Służba Zwycięstwu Polski/Związek Walki Zbrojnej/Armia Krajowa), Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, Warszawa, 1987,
 Halina Auderska, Zygmunt Ziółek, Akcja N. Wspomnienia 1939-1945 (Action N. Memoirs 1939-1945), Wydawnictwo Czytelnik, Warszawa, 1972
 Marek Ney-Krwawicz, Armia Krajowa. Szkic Historyczny (Armia Krajowa. A Historical Essay), Wydawnictwo Ars Print Production, Warszawa, 1999,

External links
  Polska Podziemna Akcja N

Home Army
Psychological warfare
Black propaganda
Polish underground press in World War II
Secret printing


Braux () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sergei Kosmynin (born 26 May 1964) is a Russian judoka. He competed in the men's half-lightweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics, representing the Unified Team.

Achievements

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
Russian male judoka
Olympic judoka for the Unified Team
Judoka at the 1992 Summer Olympics
People from Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast
Sportspeople from Kemerovo Oblast


The 1850 New York state election was held on Tuesday November 5, 1850, to elect the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Democratic state convention met on September 11 in Syracuse and nominated Hunker Seymour and Barnburners Church, Mather, Angel and Benton.

The Liberty convention met on September 12, and nominated Chaplin and Plumb.

The Whig state convention met on September 27 in Syracuse; Francis Granger presided. After the nominations of Hunt (the sitting State Comptroller), Cornell, Blakely, Baker and Smith had been made, the majority of the convention passed a resolution approving the political course of United States Senator William H. Seward, and the minority, led by Granger, withdrew from the convention and re-assembled elsewhere. This faction, the conservative Whigs which favored a compromise on the slavery question and supported President Millard Fillmore's course, became known as the "Silver Grays", after Granger's white hair.

The Silver Grays state convention met on October 17 in Utica, Granger presided again. Nevertheless, the Syracuse nominations were endorsed.

The Anti-Rent state convention met in Albany and nominated a cross-endorsed ticket with Whigs Hunt and Blakely, and Democrats Church, Angel and Benton.

Results
Hunt won this election with one of the smallest majorities in New York history, only 262 votes. Four out of five candidates on the cross-endorsed Anti-Rent ticket were elected, showing their still present but waning influence. The incumbent Benton was re-elected.

82 Whigs, 44 Democrats, 1 Free Soil and 1 Independent were elected to the State Assembly of the 74th New York State Legislature.

Notes

Sources
Result for Gov. and Lt. Gov. in Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York (1852; page 367)
"Monthly Record of Current Events", Harper's Magazine, Volume 1, p. 849.
A Political History of the State of New York by De Alva Stanwood Alexander (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, , ; pages 155ff)
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1851

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1850

New York


The 1852 New York state election was held on November 2, 1852, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Democratic state convention met on September 1 and 2 in Syracuse. Wheeler H. Bristol was Temporary President on September 1, Henry Stevens from Cortland County was elected president on September 2. Seymour was nominated for governor on the second ballot (Seymour 78, Augustus Schell 21, 5 other candidates with fewer votes). Lt. Gov. Church was re-nominated on the first ballot (Church 69, Augustus Schell 54, 2 other candidates with a few votes). Canal Commissioner Follett was re-nominated on the first ballot with 81 votes. Prison Inspector Clark was re-nominated on the first ballot with 82 votes.

The Whig state convention met on September 22 at the City Hall in Syracuse, Henry W. Taylor from Ontario County presided. Governor Hunt was re-nominated by acclamation. Judge Kent was nominated for Lt. Gov. on the second ballot (Kent 64, James M. Cook 28, 4 other candidates with fewer votes). Kempshall was nominated for Canal Commissioner by acclamation. Crosby, from Dutchess County, was nominated for Prison Inspector on the second ballot.

The Free Democratic state convention met on September 29 in Syracuse, New York, and passed a series of strong free soil resolutions. They nominated Tompkins, Gates, Wheaton, Curtis, and Hiram Barney and Alfred Babcock for presidential electors at large.

Candidates
Minthorne Tompkins was the son of U.S. Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins, William Kent was the son of Chancellor James Kent. Seth M Gates and Charles A. Wheaton ran for the second time (also 1848) unsuccessfully for Lt. Gov. and Canal Commissioner.

Results
The whole Democratic ticket was elected.

The incumbent governor Hunt was defeated, the incumbent Church, Follett and Clark were re-elected.

86 Democrats, 41 Whigs and one Independent were elected for the session of 1853 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
Result for Gov. in The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (page 31; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1853

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1852

New York


Brognon may refer to the following places in France:

Brognon, Ardennes, a commune in the department of Ardennes
Brognon, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the department of Côte-d'Or


The 1854 New York state election was held on November 7, 1854, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The National Democratic (in the press referred to as Hards) state convention met in July and nominated Greene Bronson for governor as well as candidates for the other down-ballot offices. They informed the nominees by letter on July 12 of their nominations. Their letters of acceptance were published on September 11 in the New-York Daily Times.

The Democratic (in the press referred to as Softs) state convention met on September 6 at Wieting Hall in Syracuse. Lorenzo B. Shepard was Temporary Chairman until the choice of William H. Ludlow as President. The convention appointed a Democratic State Central Committee which included John Cochrane and Horatio Ballard, and then adjourned. On September 7, the convention passed a resolution approving the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which led to the eventual withdrawal of delegates Preston King, Charles G. Myers, Abijah Mann, Philip Dorsheimer and few more Barnburners, all of whom would be the next year among the founders of the Republican Party. Governor Horatio Seymour was re-nominated "by acclamation" with a few contrary votes. William H. Ludlow was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (vote: Ludlow 234, Philip H. Crook 28, Oakley 14, Albert Lester 7, Isaiah Rynders 2, Preston King 2). Jason Clark was nominated for Canal Commissioner by acclamation. W. R. Andrews was nominated for Inspector of State Prisons on the first ballot (vote: Andrews 92, Amos Pilsbury 56, Henry Storms [incumbent] 27).

The Free-Soil Democratic state convention met on September 25 in Auburn.

The Anti-Nebraska state convention met on September 26 in Auburn. Myron H. Clark was nominated for Governor by acclamation. Henry J. Raymond was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (Raymond 127, Bradford R. Wood 84). After this vote, a minority of about 20 seceded from the convention and re-assembled at the Court House and nominated their own ticket.

The Temperance state convention met on September 27 in Auburn. Myron H. Clark was nominated for Governor by acclamation. Henry J. Raymond was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (Raymond 163, Bradford R. Wood 112).

The Liberty state convention met on September 28 at the Market Hall in Syracuse.

The Anti-Rent state convention met on October 26 at Beardsley's Hall in Albany.

Results
Due to the split of the Democratic Party, the whole Whig ticket was elected. The American Party (ridiculed and referred to as the Know Nothings in the press) showed surprising strength. Myron H. Clark won this election with the lowest percentage in any New York gubernatorial election. The incumbent Governor Seymour was defeated, the incumbent Fitzhugh was re-elected.

82 Whigs, 26 Softs, 16 Hards and 3 Temperance man were elected for the session of 1855 to the New York State Assembly. "Know Nothings are sprinkled miscellaneously among Whigs, Hards and Softs; and exactly how many there are of these gentry in the Assembly Nobody Knows."

Notes

Sources
Result in "Official Canvass 1854". New-York Daily Times. December 21, 1854. pp. 6–7. (The votes of Wood, Goodell, Ward, Harrington, Wheaton, Macomber and Shapcott were stated among the "scattering votes".)
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1855

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York state elections

1854

New York


The 1856 New York state election was held on November 4, 1856, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
After losing the elections of 1853, 1854 and 1855 due to the split of the Party and running separate tickets, the national organization of the Democratic Party urged the factions to re-unite. The Soft state convention met on July 30 at Market Hall in Syracuse, New York, Gouverneur Kemble was Temporary Chairman. The Hard state convention met at the same time at Corinthian Hall in the same city, Samuel Fowler was Temporary Chairman. The Soft delegates adopted a resolution to unite with the Hards and marched to Corinthian Hall where both factions assembled together. William C. Crain was chosen President, William M. Tweed was one of the secretaries. Judge Amasa J. Parker (a Soft) was nominated for Governor on the fourth ballot (first ballot:Addison Gardiner 69, David L. Seymour 46, Parker 33, Fernando Wood 25, John Vanderbilt 21, Horatio Seymour 21, Augustus Schell 11, E. Corning 9, Judge Brown 8, Henry W. Rogers 7, Daniel S. Dickinson 1, Samuel Fowler 1, Brownson 1, Porter 1; second ballot: Gardiner 78, D. L. Seymour 67, Parker 39, Wood 26, Schell 22, Vanderbilt 18, Corning 3, Fowler 1; third ballot: Gardiner 80, D. L. Seymour 60, Parker 39, Schell 30, Wood 22, Vanderbilt, 15; then the names of Schell, Gardiner and Wood were withdrawn). The convention then adjourned and re-assembled the next day to complete the ticket with John Vanderbilt (a Hard) for Lieutenant Governor, and John Leslie Russell (the father of later Attorney General Leslie W. Russell) for Canal Commissioner.

The American state convention met on September 23 and 24 at Rochester, New York, J. W. Barker presided. Erastus Brooks, the editor of the New York Express, was nominated for Governor by acclamation. Lyman Odell was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (the other candidates were Jesse C. Dann and Goodwin Denniston). Amos H. Prescott was nominated for Canal Commissioner. Alexander Mann, of Monroe County, was nominated for Clerk of the Court of Appeals.

The North American state convention, a secession from the American Party which had considered joining the Republicans, met on the same day at the Court House in the same city, F. W. Walker presided. In the afternoon, after some debate, they marched into the American convention and re-united, endorsing their ticket, and declaring support of the American presidential candidates Millard Fillmore and Andrew Jackson Donelson.

Result
The whole Republican ticket was elected. None of the incumbents ran for re-election.

81 Republicans, 31 Democrats and 8 Americans were elected for the session of 1857 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
The Democratic ticket:  in Putnam County Courier, September 20, 1856
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1857

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1856

New York


The 1858 New York state election was held on November 2, 1858, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and two members of the New York State Senate. Besides, the question was asked if a Constitutional Convention should be held, and answered in the negative: The vote was 135,266 for and 144,526 against.

History
The "Mass State Convention to nominate Gerrit Smith for Governor" met on August 4 at Syracuse, New York, Isaac Parks, of Canastota, presided.

The Republican and the American state conventions met on September 8 at Syracuse, New York. At the Republican convention, Thurlow Weed was a delegate to a state convention for the first time after twenty years. There was some debate about the nomination of a joint ticket with the Americans. Ezra Graves was temporary chairman until the choice of Daniel T. Jones as president. A motion to nominate candidates for governor was voted down by 166 to 67, and the convention adjourned. At the American convention, Daniel Ullmann was chosen President, and after much debate they adjourned too. The Republican convention re-assembled on September 9, and Edwin D. Morgan was nominated for governor on the second ballot (first ballot: Morgan 116, Timothy Jenkins 51, James M. Cook 35, George W. Patterson 23, A. S. Diven 21, John Alsop King 4, Horace Greeley 3; second ballot: Morgan 165, Jenkins 52, Patterson 20, Diven 18). Between the two ballots an American delegation arrived. Robert Campbell was nominated for lieutenant governor by acclamation. Now the American delegation marched back to the American convention with a Republican delegation which announced the Republican nominations and offered the Americans to complete the joint ticket with the nominees for Canal Commissioner and Prison Inspector. The Americans decided against it and nominated Lorenzo Burrows for governor, and Nathaniel S. Benton for lieutenant governor by acclamation. James R. Thompson was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Thompson 84,  Jesse C. Dann 64, Benoni Thompson 15, Justus Deming 4, scattering 4). The incumbent William A. Russell was re-nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot.

Result
The whole Republican ticket was elected. The incumbent Russell was defeated.

One Republican and one American were elected for the session of 1859 to the New York State Senate, which had then 16 Republicans, 12 Democrats, 3 Americans and one Independent Republican.

99 Republicans and Americans, and 29 Democrats were elected for the session of 1859 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1859

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1858

New York


The 1860 New York state election was held on November 6, 1860, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, the question of Negro suffrage was asked, and was answered in the negative with 197,503 votes for and 337,984 against it.

History
William Kelly was the candidate of the majority faction of the Democratic Party which supported Stephen A. Douglas for President.

The "Breckinridge and Lane Democratic" state convention met on August 8 at Syracuse, New York, Henry S. Randall presided. James T. Brady (a Tammany man from New York City who had run for Attorney General on the Hard ticket in 1853) was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote:Brady 99, O'Connor 8, Greene C. Bronson 3, Brown 2, Lawrence 1, Kemble 1, Gideon J. Tucker 1). Henry K. Viele was nominated on the first ballot (vote: Viele 57, Edward Tompkins 56). The incumbent John M. Jaycox was re-nominated for Canal Commissioner by acclamation. Robert W. Allen was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot. After the nominations, Daniel S. Dickinson made a speech. Brady accepted the nomination in a letter dated on August 14.

Result
The whole Republican ticket was elected, an average of about 50,000 votes ahead of the combined Democratic vote. The incumbents Morgan and Campbell were re-elected. The incumbents Jaycox and Rhodes were defeated.

93 Republicans and 35 Democrats were elected for the session of 1861 to the New York State Assembly.

See also
New York gubernatorial elections
New York black suffrage referendum, 1860

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac 1861
Result in The Official State Canvass in NYT on December 10, 1860 (gives 367,958 for Barnes, which seems to be a typo)
The tickets: THE ELECTION TO-MORROW in NYT on November 5, 1860

1860

New York
November 1860 events


Fully censored
In Hong Kong, censorship which refers to the suppression of speech or other public communication, raises issues regarding the freedom of speech. By law, censorship is usually practised against the distribution of certain materials, particularly child pornography, obscene images, and reports on court cases which may lead to unfair trial.

Prior to the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, Hong Kong boasted one of the highest degrees of press freedom in Asia. Since the handover to China, Hong Kong has been granted relative legal, economic, and political autonomy under the one country, two systems policy. In contrast to the rest of China, where control over media is pervasive, Hong Kong's freedom of speech, of the press, and of publication are protected under Article 27 of the Hong Kong Basic Law and Article 16 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights.

Observers have noted a trend of decreasing press freedom in the territory, including physical attacks on journalists, acts targeted at liberal media and against their owners, withdrawal of advertising revenues, and appointment of compliant pro-Beijing chief editors. The decline in Hong Kong's ranking on the Press Freedom Index published annually by Reporters Without Borders has been vertiginous: it stood at 148th in 2022, having dropped 68 places from the year prior; it ranked 71st place in 2015.

In 2020, under the Hong Kong national security law enacted by the Chinese central government, the Commissioner of Police was granted the authority to compel cooperation or the removal of content by service providers if deemed a threat to national security, while there are now prohibitions on the incitement of hatred against the government of China or Hong Kong.

Censorship after the handover
Despite guarantees of free speech, public surveys in 1997 showed increasing fears of self-censorship by journalists of writings critical of the Central Government, although a journalists indicated in a survey from the Hong Kong Journalists Association that they overwhelmingly did not hesitate to publish criticisms of China, and that actual instances of direct pressure from the Chinese government to change news were very rare. Since the handover, Hong Kong newspapers (and especially English-language media) have increased their use of a self-declared editorial independence as a marketing tool towards international audiences.

In 1998, there was a controversy about remarks made by magazine publisher Xu Simin alleging anti-mainland bias from the government-funded broadcaster RTHK. Although pro-RTHK commentators saw Xu's comments as coming from Beijing, Central Government representatives distanced themselves from his comments. In 2001, the HKJA expressed concerns that government's and Tung Chee-hwa's "shrill rhetoric [in vilifying Falun Gong] threatens open debate by encouraging self-censorship".

Hong Kong's ranking on the Press Freedom Index published annually by Reporters Without Borders was 18th in 2002. Since then, a number of factors, particularly self-censorship, and high-profile incidents affecting the media have pointed to increasing erosion of journalists' ability to report the news in an objective manner. In 2011, Hong Kong Journalists Association Chairwoman Mak Yin-ting () commented on self-censorship due to growing business ties between Beijing and media owners, asserting that "Now, more than half of Hong Kong media bosses or high media management have been absorbed by the Communist government... They may consider whether reporting on some issues will affect the relationship between their bosses and the government." That year, Hong Kong's ranking on the Press Freedom Index dropped twenty places to 54th place. In a report published alongside the index, it was noted that "arrests, assaults and harassment worsened working conditions for journalists [in Hong Kong] to an extent not seen previously, a sign of a worrying change in government policy." Hong Kong's ranking in the index, which stood at 61st in 2014, gave up nine further places in the 2015 report. "Police misconduct" was cited as a factor. Journalists have complained about sensitive news stories critical of the government that they have been under undisguised pressure to change or soften. PEN Center believes that the controversy surrounding CY Leung's dealings with UGL were seriously under-reported in some media outlets. An increasing incidence of physical violence against journalists has been recorded, with the police being implicated in some of these, namely the Hong Kong Journalists Association noted that there were at least 28 attacks on journalists covering the Umbrella Revolution. All told, the incidence of censorship, political pressure to self-censor and intimidation is increasing, according to PEN American Center, International Federation of Journalists.

During the two-and-a-half-month protests in 2014, the patchy coverage of events and viewpoints on traditional media turned young people to social media for news. The Guardian described the protests as "the best-documented social movement in history, with even its quieter moments generating a maelstrom of status updates, shares and likes." People placed greater reliance on alternative media, some of which were launched during the protests. Even the recently defunct House News resurrected itself, reformatted as The House News Bloggers.

Notable examples

South China Morning Post
Since Robert Kuok acquired the South China Morning Post in 1993, there have been concerns over the forced departures, in rapid succession, of several staff and contributors who were considered critical of China or its supporters in Hong Kong. Before the handover, their popular cartoonist Larry Feign, humour columnist Nury Vittachi were dismissed. Since 1997, there have been numerous departures of China-desk staff, namely 2000–01 editorial pages editor Danny Gittings, Beijing correspondent Jasper Becker; China pages editor Willy Lam departed after his reporting had been publicly criticised by Robert Kuok. Gittings complained that he "repeatedly came under pressure to tone down coverage of politically sensitive issues". Editor-in-Chief Wang Xiangwei was criticised for his decision to reduce the paper's coverage of the death of Li Wangyang on 7 June 2012. Wang reportedly reversed the decision to run a full story, and instead published a two-paragraph report inside the paper; other news media reported it prominently. A senior staff member who sought to understand the decision circulated the resulting email exchanges, that indicate he received a stern rebuff from Wang. Wang is mainland-born, and is a member of the Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Jilin; the paper has since stepped up coverage of the death and aftermath as major news stories. Reporter Paul Mooney, whose contract with the paper was not renewed in May 2012, said that the Li Wangyang story was not an isolated incident.

Apple Daily
The liberal Apple Daily has been under sustained pressure. In 1997, reporters were denied permission to cover a Hong Kong reception organised by the Chinese Foreign Ministry due to their history of criticising China. It has been subjected to advertising boycotts, its reporters have been assaulted, its owner attacked, and its premises fire-bombed. Its support of the Umbrella Revolution earned it unprecedented cyber-attacks; copies of its paper have been spoilt by masked thugs. It suffered a physical blockade which disrupted its logistics for almost one week. On 17 June 2021, its headquarter was raided, the assets were frozen and six executives were arrested. The paper announced its closure on 23 June.

TVB
Since 2009, TVB has drawn criticism on Internet forums for apparent pro-establishment bias. That year, its news department downgraded coverage of the 20th anniversary of the 4 June Incident. The reporting, thought by many internet forum users as an act to gain the favour of the Central Government, was likened to CCTV and earned it the portmanteau "CCTVB". During the 2014 protests, TVB's broadcast of footage of seven police officers beating a protester on 15 October resulted in significant internal conflict during the broadcast. The pre-dawn broadcasts soundtrack which mentioned "punching and kicking" was re-recorded to say that the officers were "suspected of using excessive force". TVB director Keith Yuen questioned what grounds lead the footage to say "officers dragged him to a dark corner, and punched and kicked him"? The assistant supervisor of the news-gathering team responsible for the footage was immediately demoted to Chief Researcher, a post with only a part-time subordinate. Many journalists expressed their dissatisfaction with the handling of the broadcast, and some 80 TVB staff from all departments objecting to the handling sent a petition to management. After several of its reporters were assaulted by activists attending a pro-Beijing rally, over 340 station employees put their names to a petition condemning the violence. A director of production in the non-drama department ordered all petitioners to a meeting with their supervisors, where the employees were asked to remove their signature or jeopardise their year end bonuses. In March 2015, Luk Hon-tak, former director-general of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), became the managing editor of TVB News in charge of political news stories. However, in 2015, the video, entitled "Suspected Police Brutality Against Occupy Central Movement's Protester", was declared the Best TV news item at the 55th Monte Carlo TV Festival; it was praised for its "comprehensive, objective and professional" report. It also won a prize at the Edward E. Murrow Awards in the Hard News category.

CLO interference in the 2012 Chief Executive election
During the Chief Executive elections in 2012, the pro-Beijing Ta Kung Pao dedicated its entire front page on 24 March 2012 to attacking former underground communist Florence Leung, who authored a book in which she alleged CY Leung only became the Secretary General of the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee in 1985 through having been an underground Communist Party member. Local press avidly reported on efforts of the central government's Liaison Office to rally support behind CY Leung, but said reports have been creating discomfort for officials. Albert Ho relayed complaints he has received about attempts by the Liaison Office to intimidate editors and media bosses. Media widely reported that Richard Li had received calls from CLO propaganda chief Hao Tiechuan () dissatisfied at the reporting at his Hong Kong Economic Journal (HKEJ). The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which noted that the HKEJ had received complaints about its coverage from central government's liaison office, and condemned the "open violation" of the one-country two-systems principle. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) confirmed these allegations and expressed its concern. Johnny Lau, who authored a critique of both Henry Tang and CY Leung during the Chief Executive elections for the Sing Pao Daily News, in which he opined that neither Tang nor Leung were worthy of support nor sympathy, saw his piece changed to endorse Leung. Ngai Kai-kwong, editor-in-chief of the journal, who denied censorship or pressure from the liaison office, instead blamed "carelessness" in editing.

Commercial Radio
In late 2013, as a prelude to the renewal of its broadcasting licence, Commercial Radio Hong Kong replaced outspoken critic of CY Leung who hosted an influential prime-time morning talk show. Lee Wai-ling, long despised by the pro-establishment camp for her vocal criticism of the government, was abruptly shunted to a less prominent evening show. She was replaced by station chief executive himself, Stephen Chan Chi-wan, who denied political motivations. However, a former media executive said that it was "an open secret" that media operators are under considerable political pressure at the time of licence renewal, and some outspoken programme hosts disliked by the government are made to leave. On 12 February 2014, CRHK announced immediate termination of Li's employment contract, refusing to make any comment on the matter.

Ming Pao
In January 2014, Kevin Lau, chief editor of the liberal Ming Pao, was abruptly replaced by Chong Tien Siong, an inexperienced Singapore-based Malaysian journalist who, according to The Economist, is widely regarded as pro-establishment. As a result of Lau's dismissal, thousands of people attended a protest rally. Lau, known for his tough reporting on China, was brutally stabbed on 26 February by an assailant riding pillion on a motorbike. While the police suspect the attack was carried out by the Wo Shing Wo triad, it is widely believed to have been reprisals for his paper's investigative contribution to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) report on the offshore assets of China's leaders, including relatives of Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, former Premier Wen Jiabao, and several members of the National People's Congress. The journal came under pressure to downgrade the importance of a report on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.

Attack on University of Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong was under attack by CY Leung, who used the occasion of his 2015 policy address to strongly criticise the students' union magazine Undergrad for publishing an essay within a recent issue in which Leung said "Hong Kong should find a way to self-reliance and self-determination". He objected to it on the grounds that "the statements, the remarks, are not in line with our constitutional status"; a book entitled Hong Kong Nationalism also came under his attack. He denied he was attacking free speech, but implied that there ought not to be such discussions on "crucial constitutional issues". Following Leung's attack, three large bookshop chains under pro-Beijing Sino United Publishing delisted the title. Wen Wei Po used the contents of a leaked University Grants Commission report in an attempt to derail the candidature of Johannes Chan, a prominent member of the pro-democracy movement, for pro-vice-chancellor of the university. According to an article written by Kevin Lau in Ming Pao, "parties close to the government" applied pressure on committee members behind the scenes to block Chan's appointment, and the finger was said to be pointed directly at the office of the Chief Executive.

RTHK
Chan Ka-ming and Shiu Ka-chun, two presenters of Radio Television Hong Kong whom were prominent in Umbrella Revolution were dismissed. The broadcaster denied political motives. In 2020, RTHK suspended the satirical show Headliner after government demanded apology for "insulting" police. In 2021, former host for Headliner Tsang Chi-ho was fired from the RTHK Radio 2 talk show. A few days later, a veteran journalist Allan Au was sacked from hosting a phone-in radio programme Open Line Open View.

Other political pressure
At a ballet premiere in November 2014, local media reported that one scene that contained images from the Cultural Revolution was cut; the production company blamed it on a "technical error".

To publicise its involvement in the 2015 Hong Kong marathon, Puma posted an image of a facsimile runner's identification tag bearing the number "D7689" onto its Facebook page. One supporter of the Loving Hong Kong movement objected to the number, writing to the global CEO of the manufacturer saying that it was disrespectful to chief executive CY Leung and threatened to initiate a mass boycott of the company's sportswear. The complainant explained that "689 is the code of the current CE of HKSAR well understood by HK people. D7 has the similar phonics in Cantonese as the 'F***' word". The company declared its political neutrality, and deleted the post. Lampooning the complaint, members of the public scoured the city and found many examples of innocent occurrences of the irreverent number. MTR staff were warned after one such example found, of a carriage bearing the "D689" marking, posted to their unofficial MTR Service Update page on Facebook.

Democratic Party confiscations
The Democratic Party saw a consignment of novelty toilet paper confiscated without reason by mainland customs. Various types of paper tissue, including 7,600 toilet rolls and 20,000 packets of tissue bearing likeness of CY Leung and destined for sale at a New Year's market were seized in Shenzhen. Such items were hot sellers at the New Year's market a year earlier.

Up Publications returns controversy
In March 2015, Up Publications, a small independent publishing house, complained that it was suddenly and unexpectedly faced with a large and unexplained number of returns from the three main subsidiaries of Beijing-friendly Sino United Publishing. Twenty titles were affected by the returns, to the serious detriment to the finances of Up Publications; many of the titles returned were not politically themed. The publisher was allegedly told by a bookshop source that its stance in the 2014 occupation and its publishing of books supportive of the Umbrella Movement were responsible. Although no reason was given for the returns, two of the delisted books about the occupation were strong sellers at independent bookshops.

Disappearances at Mighty Current publishing

Mighty Current, a company that publishes politically sensitive books – those critical of mainland leaders and discloses their personal secrets – and sells them at a bookstore named Causeway Bay Books, was marred by near-simultaneous disappearance in October 2015 of four people linked to it. Two of the men were last seen in Shenzhen, one in Hong Kong, and one was last heard from in Thailand. The news shocked the local publishing industry, and vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China said that it was "hard not to associate the disappearance of the four people with Beijing's suppression of banned books".

In December 2015, a fifth member of the company, Lee Bo, also mysteriously vanished. He was last seen at his warehouse in Chai Wan in the early evening, preparing an order he had received for several books. Lee Bo's wife later received a telephone call from him from a telephone number in Shenzhen, uncharacteristically speaking in Mandarin Chinese. The fact that his home return permit was left at home led many fearing that he may have somehow been abducted by the mainland public security bureau and renditioned to Shenzhen. According to Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, the latest disappearance is linked to the imminent publication of a book on the life of Xi Jinping which includes details of his intimate life.

Gui Minhai, the first man to disappear, was ostensibly set free on 17 October 2017. On 19 January 2018, Gui was pulled from the train by a group of plainclothes men. In early February, Gui again appeared in a second confession before reporters from pro-establishment news outlets including the South China Morning Post.

Victor Mallet controversy

In August, a controversy erupted in 2018 when the FCC hosted a lunchtime talk with convenor Andy Chan on 14 August. Veteran Financial Times journalist Victor Mallet chaired the session. The event was opposed by the governments of China and Hong Kong, because the issue of independence supposedly crossed one of the "bottom lines" on national sovereignty. Upon returning to Hong Kong after a visit to Bangkok, Mallet was denied a working visa by the Hong Kong government. Mallet was subjected to a four-hour interrogation by immigration officers on his return from Thailand on Sunday 7 October before he was finally allowed to enter Hong Kong on a seven-day tourist visa.

Mallet's visa rejection was widely seen to be retribution for his role in chairing the Andy Chan talk which the FCC refused to call off. The Hong Kong Journalists Association, which has for years lived under the pressure of self-censorship, immediately warned of the "death knell of freedom of speech". Secretary for Security John Lee insisted the ban on Mallet was unrelated to press freedom, but declined to explain the decision.

Bao Choy Convicted for making false statement
Prior to the one year anniversary of the 2019 Yuen Long attack, television producer Bao Choy led the production of the documentary 7.21 Who Owns the Truth?, which aired in the programme Hong Kong Connection in July 2020 for public broadcaster Radio Television Hong Kong. It won two awards in Hong Kong. She tried to discover the owners of a few vehicles suspected of supplied weapons to the attackers who launched an indiscriminate attack on scores of people. She checked a box to declare that the vehicle registration searches were for "other traffic and transport related matters". Other options available when accessing the database are "legal proceedings" and "sale and purchase of vehicle". Previously, however, journalists had been able to declare that their searches were for "other purposes". Choy was arrested on 3 November 2020, and her home in Mei Foo was searched by police. She was found guilty and given a HKD$6,000 penalty.

Pulling books from public libraries
In 2018, Children's books with LGBTQ themes have been moved to the "closed stacks" of Hong Kong's public libraries due to pressure from anti-gay-rights group. Books written by pro-democracy activists such as Joshua Wong and lawmaker Tanya Chan disappeared a few days after national security law had been imposed in 2020. In 2021, the Leisure and Cultural Services Department confirmed that they have suspended services relating to the nine books, saying the move was to "avoid breaking the law." This time book written by Chinese-American writer and activist Yu Jie and Chinese dissident writer Liao Yiwu were removed. Hong Kong Nationalism written by Undergrad, the editorial board of the Hong Kong University Students’ Union was also no longer available.

Hong Kong national security law

In June 2020, the Hong Kong national security law was enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Among its provisions, it was made illegal to incite hatred of the Chinese central government and Hong Kong government, and the Commissioner of Police has the authority to control the dissemination of online content where there is "reasonable grounds" that there is a threat to national security, including compelling service providers to cooperate in investigations (including providing access to IP addresses or mobile phone numbers of users, and decrypting information), order the removal of such content, or restrict access to the platform. These laws are also asserted to be extraterritorial. After the law took effect, reports emerged that books containing pro-democracy materials were being pulled from libraries (even if they were written before the current anti-extradition movement) to assess their contents' compliance with the law. Joshua Wong — whose writings have been among those targeted by these actions – argued that the bill had imposed a "mainland-style censorship regime" on Hong Kong. As a voluntary measure to avoid the use of anti-government subversions made illegal by the law, some protesters began to use deliberately blank signs as a symbol.

The FT wrote that "China’s imposition of a national security law aimed at quashing political protests in the territory has also sent a chill through Hong Kong’s once vibrant publishing and media industry."

Internet censorship

Since the commencement of the Hong Kong national security law, the Hong Kong government has blocked access to at least one pro-democracy site.

Film censorship
Before 1997, colonial HK was not free from British colonial film censorship. Censors changed their strategy in the 1970s and 80s from suppressing mainland Chinese films representing revolutionary China during the Cold War to inhibiting films that might offend China from screening in Hong Kong.

In June 2021, the Hong Kong Film Censorship Authority introduced a policy to stay "vigilant to the portrayal, depiction or treatment of any act or activity which may amount to an offence endangering national security".

See also

Separation of powers in Hong Kong

References

Mass media in Hong Kong
Law of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Human rights abuses in Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Censorship in Hong Kong


The 1862 New York state election was held on November 4, 1862, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Constitutional Union state convention met on September 9 at Association Hall in Troy, New York. B. Davis Noxon was temporary chairman and made a speech stating that the object of this political body was to stop the American Civil War. Eli P. Morton was chosen president of the convention. Ballots were taken for governor and lieutenant governor. The vote stood as follows. For governor: Horatio Seymour 32, John Adams Dix 20, Millard Fillmore 6, Frederick A. Tallmadge 1, James Brooks 1, Lorenzo Burrows 1. For lieutenant governor: William C. Hasbrouck 29, Burrows 13, Washington Hunt 8, Brooks 3, William Duer 2, Tallmadge 1. No ticket was nominated, the Constitutional Unionists instead joined the Democratic convention on the following day.

The Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Henry C. Murphy was temporary chairman until the choice of Alonzo C. Paige as chairman. Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour (who was in office 1853–54, and had already twice lost the gubernatorial elections in 1850 and 1854) was nominated for governor by acclamation. Seymour then made a lengthy speech disagreeing with the political course of the Republican federal government.

The Republican state convention met on September 24 at Wieting Hall in Syracuse, New York. Ex-Chief Judge Alexander S. Johnson (a former Democrat) was temporary chairman until the choice of Henry J. Raymond as president. James S. Wadsworth was nominated for governor on the first ballot. Lyman Tremain (a former Democrat) was nominated for lieutenant governor.

Result
The whole Democratic/Constitutional Union ticket was elected. The total votes cast were more than 70,000 less than in the previous election because the soldiers in the field were not allowed to vote, which is believed to have given a slight majority (about 10,000 votes of a total of more than 600,000) to those opposed to the American Civil War.

The incumbent Skinner was re-elected. The incumbent Hughes was defeated.

64 Republicans and 64 Democrats were elected for the session of 1863 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac for the Years 1838 to 1868 compiled by Horace Greeley
The tickets:  in NYT on November 2, 1862

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1862

New York
November 1862 events


The 1864 New York state election was held on November 8, 1864, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History

The Union state convention - Republicans and War Democrats which supported the Union and Abraham Lincoln's policy during the American Civil War - met on September 7 at Syracuse, New York. A. H. Bailey was Temporary Chairman until the choice of DeWitt C. Littlejohn as Permanent Chairman. Reuben E. Fenton was nominated for governor after an informal vote (Fenton 237 ½, Lyman Tremain 69, John Adams Dix 35 ½). Thomas G. Alvord was nominated for lieutenant governor after an informal vote (Alvord 246, Waldo Hutchins 96 ½, Richard M. Blatchford 19, William H. Robertson 13, James A. Bell 12, Demas Strong 10). The incumbent Canal Commissioner Franklin A. Alberger was re-nominated without formalities. Ex-Prison Inspector David P. Forrest (in office 1860-1862) was nominated again after a large majority was felt halfway through an informal vote.

The Democratic ("Copperheads") state convention met on September 14 and 15 at Albany, New York. Daniel Pratt was chosen Permanent Chairman. Gov. Horatio Seymour and Lt. Gov. David R. Floyd-Jones were re-nominated by acclamation. Jarvis Lord for Canal Commissioner, and David B. McNeil for Prison Inspector, also were nominated by acclamation.

Result
The whole Union ticket was elected in a tight race with less than 8,000 votes majority out of about 730,000.

The incumbents Seymour and Floyd-Jones were defeated. The incumbent Alberger was re-elected.

76 Unionists and 52 Democrats were elected for the session of 1865 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1864

New York


Salim Abanoz (born 1 August 1969) is a Turkish judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Achievements

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Turkish male judoka
Olympic judoka for Turkey
Judoka at the 1996 Summer Olympics
20th-century Turkish people
Place of birth missing (living people)


The 1866 New York state election was held on November 6, 1866, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, the voters were asked if a Constitutional Convention should be held in 1867, which was answered in the affirmative with 352,854 votes for, and 256,364 against the convention.

History
The delegates to the "Conservative Union" state convention arrived on September 10 at Albany, New York. This convention was the result of the still ongoing party re-alignment after the American Civil War. It was called by the Democratic Party with the intention to give the War Democrats, who had joined the Republicans in the National Union, and other conservative Republicans, an opportunity to return to the Democratic Party. Thurlow Weed was a delegate. John Adams Dix was talked of to be nominated for governor. The convention met on September 11 and 12 at Tweddle Hall. Sanford E. Church was temporary chairman and president. Mayor of New York John T. Hoffman (a Democrat of Tammany Hall) was nominated for governor by acclamation. Robert H. Pruyn (a Republican) was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Pruyn 169, Harlow L. Comstock 85). William W. Wright (who had been Canal Commissioner from 1862 to 1863) for Canal Commissioner, and Francis B. Gallagher for prison inspector, were also nominated by acclamation.

Result
The whole Republican ticket was elected in a tight race, with a majority of about 14,000 votes out of more than 700,000.

The incumbent Governor Fenton was re-elected.

82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1865 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune
Result in NEW-YORK.; Official Declaration of the Vote at the November Election in NYT on December 6, 1866

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1866

New York


The 1868 New York state election was held on November 3, 1868, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Republican state convention met on July 8 at Syracuse, New York. Henry Smith was Temporary Chairman until the choice of John Cochrane as president. John A. Griswold was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Griswold 247, Horace Greeley 95, Stewart L. Woodford 36). Alonzo B. Cornell was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Cornell 219, Augustus Frank 88, Franz Sigel 6). Alexander Barkley for Canal Commissioner, the incumbent Prison Inspector Henry A. Barnum, and Campbell H. Young for Clerk of the Court of Appeals, were nominated by acclamation.

The Democratic state convention met on September 2 and 3 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. H. O. Cheesbro was temporary chairman until the choice of Robert Earl as president. Mayor of New York City John T. Hoffman, the Democratic candidate of 1866, was nominated again for governor by acclamation. Allen C. Beach was nominated for lieutenant governor after an informal ballot (vote: Beach 68, Albert P. Lanning 47, William J. Averill 9, S. T. Ahnot 1).

A German Democratic state convention met on September 2 at Schreiber's Hotel in Albany, New York with Henry Clausenger as president, and endorsed the nomination of John T. Hoffman for governor.

Result
The whole Democratic ticket was elected.

The incumbent Barnum was defeated.

75 Republicans and 53 Democrats were elected for the session of 1869 to the New York State Assembly.

This was the last time the Clerk of the Court of Appeals was elected. At this time, the term was three years, and the next election of the Clerk would occur in 1871, but in 1870 the Court of Appeals was re-organized and the office became appointive.

Notes

Sources
Result in The Tribune Almanac for 1869 compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune
Result: Official Canvass of the Vote on the State Ticket of New-York in NYT on December 8, 1868

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1868

New York


The 1870 New York state election was held on November 8, 1870, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the New York State Comptroller, two Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Republican state convention met on September 7 at Saratoga Springs, New York. Due to the factional struggle between the followers of Roscoe Conkling and Reuben E. Fenton, the Temporary Chairman was not proposed and adopted by acclamation, as traditionally done, but was elected. George William Curtis, the Conkling man, was chosen by the delegates (vote: Curtis 220, Van Wyck 150). Thereupon, Conkling proposed Charles H. Van Wyck, the Fenton man, as President, which was adopted. Stewart L. Woodford was nominated for Governor on the second ballot (informal vote: Woodford 153, Horace Greeley 143, George William Curtis 104½; first ballot: Woodford 170½, Greeley 139, Curtis 87½; second ballot: Woodford 258, Greeley 105½, Curtis 20). DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (vote: Littlejohn 196, Sigismund Kaufman 182). Abiah W. Palmer was nominated for Comptroller by acclamation. On September 8, Absalom Nelson, of Erie County, was nominated for Canal Commissioner (full term) by acclamation. Alexander Barkley was nominated for Canal Commissioner (short term) on the first ballot (vote: Barkley: 302, Alonzo N. Welch 82). Littlejohn declined to run and suggested the choice of Kaufman, who was then nominated. John Parkhurst, the Warden of Clinton State Prison, was nominated for Prison Inspector by acclamation.

Result
The whole Democratic ticket, made up of the six incumbent officers, was re-elected.

65 Democrats and 63 Republicans were elected for the session of 1871 to the New York State Assembly.

Notes

Sources
The Tickets:  in NYT on October 30, 1870
Results: Tribune Almanac 1871

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1870

New York


The 1872 New York state election was held on November 5, 1872, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner, an Inspector of State Prisons and a U.S. Representative-at-large, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.

History
The Republican state convention met on August 21 at Utica, New York. William A. Wheeler was president. John Adams Dix was nominated for governor by acclamation. John C. Robinson was nominated for lieutenant governor, Lyman Tremain for U.S. Representative-at-large, Reuben W. Stroud for Canal Commissioner and Ezra Graves for Prison Inspector.

The Democratic state convention met on September 4 at Wieting Hall in Syracuse, New York. Lester B. Faulkner was temporary chairman until George M. Beebe was elected as president. The Liberal Republican state conventions met on the same day at Shakespeare Hall in Syracuse, New York. Reuben E. Fenton and John Cochrane were the most influential delegates. Truman G. Younglove was temporary chairman. DeWitt C. Littlejohn was to be president, but had not arrived. During the day, haggling with the Democratic delegates about the state ticket continued, then the convention adjourned. On September 5, the conference committees of both conventions agreed upon a division of the slate, and the Democrats proceeded to nominate Francis Kernan for governor in the middle of taking a second ballot (on the first ballot, Sanford E. Church had received 15 to 20 votes), and John F. Hubbard, Jr. for Canal Commissioner. The Liberal Republicans then nominated Chauncey M. Depew for lieutenant governor by acclamation.

Result
The whole Republican ticket was elected. None of the incumbents ran for re-election.

A large Republican majority was elected to the State Assembly for 1873.

Notes

Sources
Results: THE STATE ELECTION in NYT on November 27, 1872. (Subscription required)
Results: The Tribune Almanac 1873

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

1872


The 1874 New York state election was held on November 3, 1874, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and one member of the New York State Senate.

History
The Prohibition state convention met on June 23 at Auburn, New York. James L. Bagg was temporary chairman until the choice of Charles C. Leigh as president. Myron H. Clark was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Clark 81, Horace V. Howland 27, Charles C. Leigh 9). James L. Bagg for lieutenant governor, Horace V. Howland for Judge of the Court of Appeals, Daniel Walford for Canal Commissioner, and Ira Bell for Prison Inspector, were nominated by acclamation.

The Democratic state convention met on September 16 and 17 at Syracuse, New York. Samuel J. Tilden was nominated for governor on the first ballot (vote: Tilden 252, Amasa J. Parker 126, Lucius Robinson 6, J. McQuade 3, George G. Bradley 1). William Dorsheimer was nominated for lieutenant governor on the first ballot (vote: Dorsheimer 193, Smith M. Weed 135, Stephen T. Hayt 34, Edward F. Jones 15, George W. Schuyler 11). Adin Thayer was nominated for Canal Commissioner on the first ballot (vote: Thayer 196, Isaiah Fuller 148, Nathaniel P. Milliman 5). George Wagener was nominated for Prison Inspector during the first ballot when he had 118 votes and George W. Millspaugh 35. Theodore Miller was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the first ballot (vote: Miller 196, Robert Earl 115).

The Republican state convention met on September 23 at the Opera House in Utica, New York. Theodore M. Pomeroy was temporary chairman until the choice of Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan as president. The incumbents Governor John A. Dix, Lieutenant Governor John C. Robinson, Judge Alexander S. Johnson, Canal Commissioner Alexander Barkley and Prison Inspector Thomas Kirkpatrick were re-nominated by acclamation.

The Liberal Republican state convention met on September 29 at Tweddle Hall in Albany, New York. Charles Hughes was president. The convention did not nominate a ticket.

Result
The whole Democratic ticket was elected, defeating all the incumbents.

The seat in the New York State Senate was won by Democrat Albert P. Laning.

75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the New York State Assembly.

See also
New York gubernatorial elections

Notes

Sources
The tickets: THE STATE ELECTION.; CANDIDATES TO BE VOTED FOR TO-DAY in NYT on November 3, 1874
Result for governor, Senate and Assembly: NEW-YORK ELECTIONS.; RESULTS OF THE OFFICIAL CANVASS FOR THE VARIOUS OFFICERS in NYT on November 19, 1874
Results: The Tribune Almanac 1875

1874
1874 New York (state) elections


Jeff Brown (born April 24, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman.  He was drafted in the first round, twenty-second overall, of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Rangers, but never played a game in the NHL.

Career statistics

External links

1978 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cardiff Devils players
Charlotte Checkers (1993–2010) players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Kalamazoo Wings (UHL) players
London Knights players
Living people
Missouri River Otters players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
New Haven Knights players
New York Rangers draft picks
Port Huron Flags players
San Antonio Rampage players
Sarnia Sting players
Sheffield Steelers players
Ice hockey people from Mississauga
Texas Wildcatters players


The 1876 New York state election was held on November 7, 1876, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and two members of the New York State Senate. Besides, two constitutional amendments were proposed - to abolish the elected Canal Commissioners and appoint a Superintendent of Public Works instead; and to abolish the elected New York State Prison Inspectors and appoint a Superintendent of State Prisons instead - and both were accepted by the electorate.

History
The Republican state convention met on August 23 at the Town Hall in Saratoga Springs , New York. Warner Miller was Temporary Chairman until the choice of John M. Francis as Permanent Chairman. Ex-Governor Edwin D. Morgan (in office 1859-1862) was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote: Morgan 242, William M. Evarts 126, William H. Robertson 24, Martin I. Townsend 18). Sherman S. Rogers was nominated for Lieutenant Governor on the first ballot (vote: Rogers 240, Theodore M. Pomeroy 178). George F. Danforth was nominated for Judge of the Court of Appeals on the second ballot (first ballot: Danforth 107, Lyman Tremain 81, Prescott 67, Erastus Cook 49, Edwin Countryman 31, Bullard 14; second ballot: Danforth 185, Tremain 83, Prescott 70). Daniel G. Spencer was nominated for Canal Commissioner after a rising vote (vote: Spencer 113, Benjamin Carpenter 109). Charles W. Trowbridge was nominated for Prison Inspector after the first ballot (vote: Trowbridge 147, John W. Veeder 40, William W. Enos 33, William P. More 31, Charles Tremain 29, William Post 2).

The Liberal Republican state convention met also on August 23 at Saratoga Springs. Benjamin F. Manierre was Chairman. The convention endorsed the Republican ticket.

The Democratic state convention met on August 30 at Saratoga Springs. Judge Gray was Chairman. Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour (in office 1853-1854 and 1863-1864) was nominated for Governor again. The convention re-assembled on August 31, and re-nominated the incumbent Lieutenant Governor William Dorsheimer by acclamation. Then Lester C. Faulkner read a telegram received from the Committee that informed Seymour of his nomination, stating in a roundabout way that Seymour, who was already in bad health at home in Utica, New York, had accepted the nomination. Robert Earl for Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Darius A. Ogden for Canal Commissioner, were nominated by acclamation. Robert H. Anderson was nominated for Prison Inspector on the first ballot (vote: Anderson 163, Benjamin S. W. Clark 146). After a few more speeches, the convention adjourned sine die in the afternoon. In the evening, it was discovered that Seymour had not accepted the nomination, but on the contrary had sent a telegram to Chairman Gray before the opening of the second day's session declining the nomination. This telegram was held back on the advice of Daniel Magone. It was believed that the Tilden faction had the intention to have the State Committee select a candidate later. Others believed that the hiding of Seymour's refusal from the convention was done with the intention to force him to stay on the ticket, help to get the Democratic ticket elected and then resign, like Martin Van Buren who resigned two months into his term to let his lieutenant Enos T. Throop occupy the office. The convention re-assembled on September 13 at Congress Hall in Saratoga Springs, and nominated State Comptroller Lucius Robinson for Governor, whereupon John Kelly resigned from the ticket on which he had been placed as a presidential elector at-large.

The Greenback convention met on September 26 at Martin's Opera House in Albany, New York. A. A. Carsey was Temporary and Permanent Chairman. Richard M. Griffin for Governor; Thomas Armstrong for Lieutenant Governor; Abraham J. Cuddeback for Canal Commissioner; Marcena M. Dickinson, of Nyack, for Judge of the Court of Appeals; and John W. Crump for Prison Inspector; were nominated by acclamation.

Result
The whole Democratic ticket was elected.

The incumbent Lt. Gov. Dorsheimer was re-elected.

With the ratification of the two amendments, this was the last time Canal Commissioners and Prison Inspectors were elected.

Notes

Sources
The tickets:  in NYT on November 2, 1876
The Democratic candidates: SKETCHES OF THE CANDIDATES in NYT on September 1, 1876
Results: The Tribune Almanac 1877

See also

 New York gubernatorial elections

1876
1876 New York (state) elections


Benoît Campargue (born 9 March 1965) is a French judoka. He competed in the men's half-lightweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Achievements

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
French male judoka
Olympic judoka for France
Judoka at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century French people


Brognon () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Igor Koliev (born 30 November 1967) is a Belarusian judoka.

Achievements

References

1967 births
Living people
Belarusian male judoka
Universiade medalists in judo
Universiade bronze medalists for Belarus
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Belarusian people


SNCF's BB 25500 class are part of a series of electric locomotives built by Alsthom. They are the dual system version of the BB 17000 (AC) and BB 8500 (DC) locomotives (17000+8500=25500). They are fitted with monomotor bogies with two different gear ratios. This allows them to have either increased tractive effort for freight, or a higher top speed. This makes them suitable for both freight and passenger trains.

They were built in three distinct batches leading to detail differences. They remain in use as mixed traffic locomotives, mostly with TER and Transilien.

Romania
Ten locomotives (25517, 25518, 25523, 25524, 25528, 25536, 25570, 25572, 25576 and 25581) have been exported to Romania. They work with former SNCF Rio carriages for Regiotrans.

Unfortunately, 25536 caught fire on 5 December 2017 at Cața station whilst hauling a freight train.

Services worked are:
Brașov - Bucharest
Brașov - Bucharest - Constanţa (Summer)

The locomotives have been renumbered by adding 400,000 to their SNCF numbers.

References

Alstom locomotives
B′B′ locomotives
B-B locomotives
25500
Standard gauge electric locomotives of France
Electric locomotives of France
1500 V DC locomotives
25 kV AC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1964
Multi-system locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Romania


Cérilly () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ernst Hofer (1 August 1971-31. October 2023) was a Austrian judoka.

Achievements

Awards
 Goldenen Verdienstmedaille of the Austrian Judo Federation

References

External links

 Ernst Hofer on webpage of his club

1971 births
Living people
Austrian male judoka
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Austrian people


Fuzztone Fizzadelic is the debut album by The Now, released by Damaged Goods. The album was recorded over 2 short days at The Lodge Recording Studio in Northampton between 2002 and 2005. All recorded tracks reflected the bands setlist at the start of 1977 and were recorded almost live in the studio. All songs were written and recorded by The Now and performed by the original members, Mike McGuire, Steve Rolls, Joe MacColl and Faz Farrow

Track listing
 Why
 Development Corporations
 Labour Party
 Here It Comes Now
 Third World War
 You Student
 9 O Clock
 Into the 80's
 In The Earth
 The Invaders
 Womans Own
 DC77
 Here It Comes Now (Dub)

Personnel
 Mike McGuire : Vocals
 Steve Rolls  : Guitars
 Joe MacColl  : Drums
 Faz Farrow   : Bass

The title

The title of the album, Fuzztone Fizzadelic, comes from a review of The first single by The Now called Development Corporations / Why? (Ultimate Records, ULT401, 1977), in Sounds (music paper available in '77) written by Jon Savage. The review simply said:

'A primitive but wonderful single from a criminally underrated D.I.Y. Punk  band from Peterborough. This sounds like the Desperate Bicycles, and is a very simple, but  effective protest song about a subject that should be dear to your hearts. And fuzztone fizzedelic guitar! You need more?'

The cover

The cover photo was taken early in 1977. Location: Somewhere in the New England area of Peterborough. The people shown are (from right to left):

 Steve Rolls    (The Now)
 Faz Farrow     (The Now)
 Pete Chambers  (Friend of The Now. Pete almost became the bass player of The Now but he changed his mind).
 Allen Adams    (Manager of The Now)
 Mike McGure    (The Now)
 Paul Wicks     (ex The Now)
 Joe MacColl    (The Now)
 Debbie Cutbill (Girlfriend of Joe)
 Gina           (Friend of The Now)
 Mary           (Friend of The Now. Gina's Sister)
 Photographed by Debbie Weiss (Girlfriend of Steve.....with Petes camera)

References

The Now albums
2005 debut albums


Charmes () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department

References

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Côte-d'Or communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Roman Nováček (born 5 July 1969) is a Czech judoka.

Achievements

References

1969 births
Living people
Czech male judoka
Judoka at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka for the Czech Republic
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Czech people


Stefan Rolf Bergqvist (born 10 March 1975) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman.  He was drafted in the first round, twenty-sixth overall, of the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins and played seven games in the NHL with them.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links

References

1975 births
Cleveland Lumberjacks players
Asiago Hockey 1935 players
Leksands IF players
Living people
London Knights players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
People from Leksand Municipality
Pittsburgh Penguins draft picks
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Swedish ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Dalarna County


Somerset Richard Butler, 3rd Earl of Carrick (28 September 1779 – 4 February 1838) was the son of Henry Thomas Butler, 2nd Earl of Carrick and Sarah Taylor. He succeeded to the title of 3rd Earl of Carrick and 10th Viscount Ikerrin upon his father's death on 20 July 1813. He was married twice, first on 1 September 1811 to Anne Wynne, daughter of Owen Wynne and Lady Sarah Cole. They had two children. He married secondly on 12 February 1833 Lucy French, third daughter of Arthur French, Esquire. They had three children.

Lord Carrick served as an Irish representative peer from 1819 to 1838.

Children
Anne Wynne
Lady Anne Margaret Butler (Oct.22,1829; died 15 May 1901) married George Whitelocke Whitelocke-Lloyd
Lady Sarah Juliana Butler (29 July 1812 – 28 April 1905) married William Thomas Le Poer Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty
Lucy French
Lady Lucy Maria Butler  (died 25 July 1896)
Henry Thomas Butler, 4th Earl of Carrick died at age 12 (19 February 1834 – 16 April 1846 Cheam, Surrey, England, bur. 21 April 1846 Cheam St Dunstan)
Somerset Arthur Butler, 5th Earl of Carrick (30 January 1835 – 22 December 1901)

References

thepeerage.com Retrieved February 3, 2008
Dod, Charles R. The Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, Including All the Titled Classes. 6th ed. London: Whittaker, 1846. (p. 452) googlebooks Accessed February 3, 2008
A.E. and M. Innes (editors) The Annual Peerage of the British Empire Vol. I, London: John Murray Alberlmarle Street, 1827. (p. 143) googlebooks Accessed February 3, 2008
Doyle, James William Edmund. The Official Baronage of England, Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885, with Sixteen Hundred Illustrations.  London: Longmans, Green, 1886.(p. 389) googlebooks Accessed February 3, 2008

1779 births
1838 deaths
Irish representative peers
Earls of Carrick (Ireland)


Andre Agassi was the defending champion but did not compete that year.

Renzo Furlan won in the final 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 against Michael Chang.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

Draw

References

External links
1994 San Jose Open draw

San Jose Open - Singles


Tinav Ahmedov (born 31 March 1971) is a Russian judoka.

Achievements

See also
Judo in Russia

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Russian male judoka
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Russian people


The Central Woodward Christian Church, now known as Historic Little Rock Missionary Baptist Church, is a Gothic Revival church located in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Originally home of Central Woodward Christian Church, a Metro-Detroit congregation affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), it was sold to Little Rock Missionary Baptist Church when the original congregation relocated to Troy, Michigan.

Building
The church is built in a classic Gothic Revival style from Indiana limestone, and has a slate roof, copper trim, and stained glass windows. The stained glass windows are a distinguishing feature of the building. Some were installed by the original Disciples of Christ congregation. A. Kay Herbert designed two windows, one window depicting George Washington and the other showing Abraham Lincoln holding the Emancipation Proclamation. In the 1990s, the Little Rock congregation began installing more windows to replace the previous clear glass ones. Perhaps the best known of these windows is the African American Pulpit window depicting the Reverend Richard Allen, the founder of the African-Methodist-Episcopal church, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Reverend Jesse Jackson, Reverend C. L. Franklin, and Reverend James Holley, pastor of the Little Rock congregation.

History of the church
The Disciples of Christ came to Detroit in 1846, as a church was founded by Reverend William Nay. By the 1890s, the congregation had grown enough to construct a large church in downtown Detroit. In 1926 two Detroit congregations, Central Christian Church and Woodward Christian Church merged under the leadership of Dr. Edgar Dewitt Jones. Jones had been called to serve as pastor of Central Christian Church in 1920, and became pastor of the merged congregation in 1926. In 1928 a new building was constructed at the site of the previous Woodward Avenue Church to house the growing and influential congregation. They hired architect George Mason to design the building, which was opened in 1928.

In the late 1970s, after the congregation moved from Detroit to the northern suburb of Troy, the church built another building at 3955 West Big Beaver Road in Troy, retaining the name Central Woodward Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). The congregation has had several pastors since its move to Troy. In July 2008, Dr. Robert Cornwall became the ninth called pastor to serve the church.

In 1978, the building at 9000 Woodward was sold to Little Rock Missionary Baptist church, a primarily African American congregation founded in 1938. Today the church is known as 'The Historic Little Rock Baptist Church'. A State of Michigan historical marker commemorates the church.

References

Woodward Avenue
Detroit CentralWoodward
Detroit CentralWoodward
Detroit CentralWoodward
Detroit CentralWoodward
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Detroit CentralWoodward
Detroit CentralWoodward


In the Days of Daniel Boone is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by William James Craft. The film is considered to be lost. A trailer is included in the DVD More Treasures from American Film Archives, 1894-1931: 50 Films.

Cast

Chapter titles

 His Country's Need
 At Sword's Point
 Liberty or Death
 Foiling the Regulators
 Perilous Paths
 Trapped
 In the Hands of the Enemy
 Over the Cliff
 The Flaming Forest
 Running the Gauntlet
 The Wilderness Trail
 The Fort in the Forest
 The Boiling Springs
 Chief Blackfish Attacks
 Boone's Triumph

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1923 films
1923 lost films
1923 Western (genre) films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures film serials
Films directed by William James Craft
Lost American Western (genre) films
Cultural depictions of George Washington
Cultural depictions of James Monroe
Silent American Western (genre) films
1920s American films