Beautiful Nubia is the performing name for Segun Akinlolu (born 11 November 1968), a Nigerian-born songwriter, music composer and band leader.

Beautiful Nubia and the Roots Renaissance Band is Nigeria's foremost contemporary folk and roots music group. Formed and fronted by songwriter and poet Segun Akinlolu (aka Beautiful Nubia), the group's songs and albums have achieved cult status among their loyal and growing fans spread across the world. Segun Akinlolu is an advocate of social reform and achieves this via his folk music."He has dedicated his lifetime to the enduring belief in the power of change; that our society is not irredeemable; that its inherent dysfunction is correctable."

Theme
Beautiful Nubia's songs are built on rich folkloric traditions and native wisdom but his message is universal in thrust and theme: value life, respect nature and learn to live in peace with others. The music speaks for the voiceless and champions the dream of a balanced society where individuals are truly free and equal. It preaches love and tolerance but also urges people to stand and defend their rights when trampled upon anywhere in the world."His songs transcend parochialism. As they appeal to African sensibilities, so do they contain universal truths."

Early Days
Born in Ibadan in 1968, Segun started writing songs at a very young age. He drew his early influence from the traditional culture which was prevalent in the form of oral poetry, theatre, music and folklore. In 1997, he established EniObanke, a music production and marketing company, under which his first album was released in 1997. All subsequent recordings have been released on this label and, in 2010, the company commenced the first-ever folk and roots music festival in Nigeria, the annual EniObanke Music Festival (EMUfest). In 1998, the artist invited several young musicians in Lagos to form a backing band to which he gave the name The Roots Renaissance Band. Throughout the years, Beautiful Nubia has remained the songwriter, music composer, arranger and bandleader - contributing acoustic/rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals and percussion.

Highlight

Reward came in 2002 with the release of the ground-breaking third album Jangbalajugbu. It is estimated, by radio journalists, that more than 50 million Nigerians wake up each day to "Owuro L'Ojo (How D'You Do?)", one of the hit tracks in the album. To date, Jangbalajugbu has sold in excess of a million copies (not including the large numbers sold in the open market by pirates). Since then, the band has released 16 more studio albums, all of which confirm what can be described as the Beautiful Nubia style and his stubborn refusal to be pigeon-holed. The over 250 original songs - didactic, philosophical and deeply moving - have cemented his reputation in Nigeria and beyond as an advocate for employing traditional wisdom in achieving personal and community development and social justice. It is the combination of enjoyable entertainment and provocative thoughtfulness that has come to define Beautiful Nubia's style. The music has garnered excellent reviews in leading African/world music publications. It has been nominated for music awards and topped international/world charts on community, grassroots and campus radio stations.

Education
Segun Akinlolu graduated from the University of Ibadan with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree in 1992 and worked as a veterinarian for about 8 years. He also holds a Post-Graduate Diploma from the Nigeria Institute of Journalism.

Honours
In October 2016, Beautiful Nubia was conferred with the award of ‘Doctorate in Science (Honoris Causa) in Art’ by ESEP Le Berger University, Republic of Benin for his body of work.

Discography
STUDIO ALBUMS
 Olumuyiwa (2023)
 Hùrùhàrà (2021)
 Àpèjọ (2019)
 Atunluto (2018)
 Amunudun (2018)
 Iwa (2016)
 Taabaku (2016)
 Odds and Ends (2016)
 Soundbender (2015)
 Keere (2014)
 Oriojori-Eternal Spirits (2012)
 Sun No Dey Sleep (2011)
 Irinajo (2009)
 Kìlọ̀kìlọ̀ (2007)
 Fẹ̀rẹ̀ (2006)
 Awilele (2004)
 Jangbalajùgbú (2002)
 Voice From Heaven (1999)
 Seven Lifes (1997)

ACOUSTIC ALBUMS
 Lord of Letters (2022)
 Brand New Tales from a Small Room (2021)
 Several More Tales from a Small Room (2020)
 Even More Tales from a Small Room (2019)
 More Tales from a Small Room (2017)
 Tales from a Small Room (2017)

INSTRUMENTALS
 Rhythms of the Way (Instrumentals Vol. 2, 2020)
 Instrumentals, Vol. 1 (2019)

LIVE RECORDINGS
 Essential Work (2021)
 Live Concert Series V (2018)
 Live Concert Series IV (2017)
 Live Concert Series III (2017)
 Live Concert Series II (2016)
 Live Concert Series I (2013)

POETRY CDs
 Like A Tale at Night (2006)
 Where Rivers Sing A Song (2004)
 On A Cold Evening (2001)

Publications
 Sounds of Joy (Autobiography, 2018)
 Book of Songs (Lyrics, 2018)
 A WordMerchant's LogBook (Poetry, 2018)
 Citadel Blues (Fiction, 2004 and 2017)
 The King's Messenger (Poetry, 2004)
 Thinking Big (Poetry, 2000)
 Waiting For The Bones (Poetry, 1997)

References

External links
 Official site
 Beautiful Nubia on Twitter
 Beautiful Nubia on Facebook
 Beautiful Nubia on Instagram

Folk musicians
Nigerian male poets
20th-century Nigerian male singers
Living people
Yoruba musicians
Yoruba-language singers
Musicians from Ibadan
21st-century Nigerian male singers
English-language singers from Nigeria
University of Ibadan alumni
1968 births
21st-century Nigerian poets


United States ex rel. West v. Hitchcock, 205 U.S. 80 (1907), regards a case where the Secretary of the Interior has authority to pass on the right of one claiming to be a member of a band of Indians to select land under an agreement ratified by an act of Congress, his jurisdiction does not depend upon his decision's being right.

The United States promised to allot  to each member of the Wichita band of Indians under the Act of March 2, 1895, 28 Stat. 876, 895.  This promise may confer a right on every single member of the band, but the primary decision as to who the members are must come from the Secretary of the Interior, and, in the absence of any indication in the act to allow an appeal to the courts for applicants who are dissatisfied, mandamus will not issue to require the Secretary to approve the selection of one claiming to be an adopted member of the tribe but whose application the Secretary has denied.

In view of long established practice of the Department of the Interior, and the undoubted power of Congress over the Indians, this Court will hesitate to construe the language of §§ 441, 463, Rev.Stat., as not giving the Department of the Interior control over the adoption of whites into the Indian tribes.

26 App.D.C. 290 affirmed.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 205

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Fuller Court
1907 in United States case law


Roderick Saxon Snell is a British electronics engineer, born 1940, who co-founded Snell & Wilcox in 1973, working full-time for it from 1988. The company grew to about five hundred people in the late 1990s. Snell remained on the board during the period 2002-2008 when for financial reasons the company contracted, became part-time after that and left the new company in 2011.

Snell is a visiting professor at the Business School of the University of Kingston, Surrey, a fellow of the Royal Television Society, and a governor of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE).

He received the SMPTE highest award, the Progress Medal, in 2006 for his numerous contributions to television technology, and the British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society has presented him their presidential award in 2000.

Snell, a keen amateur helicopter pilot, co-founded Snelflight in 1998 as designers of indoor model flying machines. Recent models include the world's first jump jet and the world's smallest remote controlled flying novelty.

Snell is the great grandson of the architect Henry Saxon Snell. He married Cecilia Gordon Clark, daughter of Alfred Gordon Clark in 1972; they had three children. Cecilia Gordon Clark died in 1999 and he subsequently married Helen Paul. Snell's second son, Arthur Snell, was British High Commissioner to Trinidad and Tobago from 2011 to 2014.

References

1940 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British electronics engineers
Kingston University


Tucker v. Masser, 113 U.S. 203 (1885),  was an action of ejectment for the possession of three lots in what is known as Stevens' and Leiter's subdivision of the City of Leadville, in Lake county, Colorado.  The court found that this case for a placer mining claim composed of distinct mining locations some of which were made after 1870 and together embracing over one hundred and  is valid. Smelting Co. v. Kemp, , was carefully considered, and was again affirmed.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
1885 in United States case law
Lake County, Colorado


Susan Herndon is an American singer-songwriter from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Tulsa World has called her one of the "region's most talented musicians;" while the (now-defunct) free paper Urban Tulsa Weekly has praised Herndon's ability to "deliver lyrics in a manner that hits close to the heart and draws an emotional response." Though Herndon has released several albums, she is probably better known in the Tulsa area for playing live in cafes, bars, and festivals. She typically performs original compositions, accompanying herself on acoustic guitar.

Susan Herndon made her recording debut in 2000, with Quiet Cave. Her first studio effort gained a boost when NPR featured its song "The Drum" on their program All Songs Considered. Three years afterwards, in 2003, she followed up with In The Attic. Peccadillos, released in 2005, is technically a double album (though there are a mere 16 tracks total) composed of Mister Bed and Women and Children First. In recording 2007's 1,000 Pies, Herndon employed the musical talents of several fellow Oklahomans.

Asked whether she considers herself a folk artist or a singer-songwriter, Herndon said she sees herself as "definitely more a songwriter," explaining that her "songs dictate (the style)" and form taken by her music as a whole.

Before establishing herself as a musician in her own regard, Herndon took guitar lessons from Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame-er Tommy Crook.

Discography
Record label: Turtle Music unless otherwise stated.

 Quiet Cave (2000) – UPC 660355949623
 In the Attic (2003) – CDBY 5637322310
 Peccadillos (2005) – CDBY 79894
 1,000 Pies (2007) – UPC 837101371803
 All Fall Down (2010) – CDBY 5637682472

External links
  Susan Herndon's homepage
 Susan Herndon's MySpace page

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
American folk musicians
American women singer-songwriters
Folk musicians from Oklahoma
Singer-songwriters from Oklahoma
21st-century American women


America's Ballroom Challenge is a competitive ballroom dance television series that aired on Public Broadcasting Service in the United States between 2006 and 2009.

It is part of the annual Ohio Star Ball, a festival of DanceSport in Columbus, Ohio.

Each season typically consists of competitions in five categories, with the first four categories devoted to each of the major styles of competitive ballroom dance:
 American Smooth: Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz
 American Rhythm: Cha Cha, Rumba, East Coast Swing, Bolero, Mambo
 International Standard: Waltz, Tango, Viennese Waltz, Foxtrot, Quickstep
 International Latin: Cha Cha, Samba, Rumba, Paso Doble, Jive

The last category is a "Grand Finale" with the four champion couples competing for the title of "America's Best" dancers.

Episode guide

Season 1 (2006)
Hosted by Marilu Henner and Tony Meredith.

Season 2 (2007)
Hosted by Marilu Henner and Tony Meredith.

Season 3 (2008)
Hosted by Jasmine Guy and Ron Montez.

Season 4 (2009)
Hosted by Jean Louisa Kelly and Ron Montez.

The 2009 season (which would have aired in 2010) was not produced.

The 2010 season (which would have aired in 2011) was not produced.

Championship Ballroom Dancing
Prior to America's Ballroom Challenge, PBS was featuring Championship Ballroom Dancing, also from the Ohio Star Ball, annually since 1980.  The one-show event featured the final rounds of the International Standard and International Latin Styles of the competition with exhibitions in between usually by winners from other categories not shown on broadcast.

References

External links
Official PBS website
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

PBS original programming
Dancesport competitions
Dance competition television shows


Caspar Commelijn or Caspar Commelin (14 October 1668 Amsterdam – 25 December 1731 Amsterdam), was a Dutch botanist.

Life and work
He was the son of the bookseller, historian and publisher, Casparus Commelijn and his first wife, Margrieta Heydanus. His grandfather was Isaac Commelin. He enrolled on 12 September 1692 at Leiden as a student of  medicine and graduated on 27 February 1694 with a dissertation  De lumbricis ("About earthworms", Ludg. Bat. 1694). After graduation, he settled in his birthplace. When Peter Hotton departed for Leiden in 1696, Caspar was appointed to the post of botanist at the Hortus. He succeeded his uncle Jan Commelin, who together with Joan Huydecoper founded the Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam.

Caspar worked on books that were left uncompleted by the death of his uncle, Jan Commelin, and enjoyed the support of Nicolaes Witsen. Ruysch arranged for the city of Amsterdam to finance the publication. In 1703, he published a work on the systematics of rare exotic plants. In 1706, he was appointed as professor at the Athenaeum Illustre. Frederik Ruysch and Commelin divided the work, so that Ruysch dealt with the indigenous plants, and Commelijn the exotics. Jan Commelin, based his work on the taxonomic system devised by John Ray. Caspar was friends with the writer and artist Maria Sibylla Merian, and he wrote the botanical footnotes to her magnum opus, the Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium, where he used his botanical knowledge to further describe and catalogue plants that were already known to Europeans. He also commissioned Merian's elder daughter Johanna to draw some of the artwork for his own books.

Commelin grew up in the neighbourhood of O.Z. Achterburgwal, and lived, after his first marriage, on the Singel and after the second on the Keizersgracht 510 near Leidsestraat. In 1724, Caspar Commelin, while an inspector at the Collegium Medicum, had his portrait painted by Cornelis Troost. The painting is to be seen at the Amsterdams Historisch Museum. On his death, he was succeeded by Johannes Burman.

Works
 Flora Malabarica sive Horti Malabarici catalogus exhibens omnium eiusdem Plantarum nomina, quae è variis, tum veteribus tum recentioribus Botanicis collegit, & in ordinen Alphabeticum digessit (Leiden, 1696).
 Plantarum usualium horti medici Amstelodamensis Catalogus (Amsterdam, 1698)
 Praeludia Botanica ad Publicas Plantarum exoticarum demonstrationes, dicta in Horto Medico, cum demonstrationes exoticarum 3 Octobris 1701, & 29 Mai 1702 (Leiden, 1703). Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 Horti medici Amstelaedamensis Plantae Rariores et Exoticae Ad vivum aeri incisae (Leiden, 1706)
 Botano-Graphia a nominum barbarismis restituta, quam Florae-Malabaricae nomine celebrem, alphabetice ordinavit (Leiden, 1718)
 Caspari Commelini Horti Medici Amstelaedamensis plantarum usualium catalogus (Amsterdam, 1724)

References

1668 births
1731 deaths
17th-century Dutch botanists
18th-century Dutch botanists
Pre-Linnaean botanists
Scientists from Amsterdam
Burials at the Oude Kerk, Amsterdam


William Samuel Bambridge (24 October 1819 – 1 May 1879) was a school-teacher who accompanied George Augustus Selwyn and William Charles Cotton in the Te Waimate mission, New Zealand, before returning to England where he became photographer to Queen Victoria. Three of his sons became England international footballers.

Career
Bambridge was born in Windsor, Berkshire, England, the second son of George White Bambridge and his second wife, Harriet. His father was a professional flautist whose first wife had died within two years of their marriage. He had three children with Harriet who died in June 1821, shortly after the birth of her third son. George remarried in December 1848 and his third wife, Mary, bore him three children, the last of whom was born in December 1853, when George was 64. George died in September 1860.

Missionary
William Bambridge married Sophia Thorington at Clewer on 2 November 1841. Bambridge had trained as a teacher and was recruited by Selwyn who had recently been appointed as the first bishop for New Zealand. Selwyn had been parish priest at Windsor and a tutor at Eton College and recruited most of the other clergy and ordinands from the surrounding area of Eton and Windsor to accompany him on his mission. The party also included William Charles Cotton who had been appointed as chaplain. The missionary party of 23 members set sail from Plymouth late on 26 December 1841 on board the barque Tomatin. In April 1842, the Tomatin arrived in Sydney. The boat was damaged by a rock on entering their landing place and, rather than wait for its repair, some of the party, including Selwyn, Cotton and Bambridge, set sail for New Zealand on the brig Bristolian on 19 May. They arrived in Auckland on 30 May.  After spending some time as guests of Captain William Hobson, the first Governor of New Zealand, they set sail for the Bay of Islands on the schooner Wave on 12 June, arriving on 20 June.

Selwyn had decided to set up residence at the Waimate Mission Station, some  inland from Paihia where the Church Missionary Society had established a settlement 11 years earlier. Waimate was to be the Anglican ecclesiastical centre for the whole of New Zealand, and to that end Selwyn had planned for the training of ordinands; a school for Maori and missionary children; farming and agriculture; workshops for printing and carpentry, all with a view to becoming self-supporting, and all to be under the name of St John's College. It was to become a power house to fuel the spread of the Gospel throughout New Zealand and the islands beyond. Bambridge spent his days in the schoolroom teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing, singing and religious knowledge. His contributions to Cotton's journal testify to his beautiful copperplate hand writing and facility in drawing.

Like his father, Bambridge was a keen musician and a flautist of some competence; with other members of the party, they entertained the missionaries with chamber music. Bambridge was also an accomplished artist and recorded the Mission buildings, occupants, scenery and activities by drawing and water colour.

In July 1842, Sophia gave birth to her first child, also called William Samuel with George Frederic being born in April 1844.

Later in 1844, Selwyn decided to move some  south to Tamaki near Auckland where he bought  of land, giving it the name of Bishop's Auckland.  The party left on 23 October and arrived in Auckland on 17 November. William and Sophia's third child, Sophia Esther, was born in August 1846 at Purewa. By now, Sophia was struggling with the rigours of life in the mission and was longing to return to England. Eventually, Selwyn was persuaded to release Bambridge from his contract and the family finally left New Zealand in December 1847, together with Cotton, arriving back in England in May 1848.

Photographer
Shortly after arriving back in England, Bambridge joined the studio of William Fox Talbot in the castle at Windsor. In 1854, he was appointed the Royal Photographer to Queen Victoria, remaining in the Queen's employment for 14 years. His subjects include not only members of the Royal family and their pets but also still life, scenes from the Royal hunts etc. Many of his photographs are now housed in the Royal Collection. Bambridge used the wet collodion process invented by Frederick Scott Archer on glass plate negatives.

One striking photograph in the collection is a portrait of Hare Pomare, a Māori chief who was visiting Windsor shortly after the death of Prince Albert. During the visit, the chief's wife gave birth and Queen Victoria was godmother at the christening of the child, named Albert Victor Pomare. Bambridge was called on to photograph the christening. Hare Pomare was also to feature in the works of William Strutt.

Bambridge died in Wandsworth, London, in May 1879 and is buried in Clewer churchyard, along with his brother George, and his father. His death certificate states that he died from "Exhaustion and Paralysis".

Children
William and Sophia had six children of whom the latter three sons were all born at Windsor between 1849 and 1861. All the sons were keen footballers. The first-born son, William Samuel became Professor of Music and Organist at Marlborough College and named his home in the town of Marlborough, "The Waimate". The publication of one of his letters in "The Field" regarding the problems in using local rules in football contributed to establishment of one set of laws by the Football Association in April 1877.

His first son, William Herbert Bambridge, died at Béthune, France, in the First World War. The second son, George Frederic became Secretary to Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. His son George Louis St Clair Bambridge married Elsie, daughter of Rudyard Kipling.

The three younger sons all joined the local Swifts team from where they were selected to play for the England national team. The eldest of the three, Ernest, made only one appearance for his country whilst his younger brothers, Charles and Arthur played 18 and 3 times respectively for England. Charles was the first player to score ten international goals for England and was twice appointed England's captain.

References

William Bambridge (1819-1879): Schoolmaster — missionary — royal photographer — artist. By Ruth Etherington; Extract from Auckland Waikato Historical Journal no 41, September 1982

External links
William Bambridge at www.bambridge.org
The works of William Bambridge in The Royal Collection
Article about the restoration of the photographs

1819 births
1879 deaths
People from Windsor, Berkshire
19th-century English photographers
Pioneers of photography
Anglican missionaries in New Zealand
English Anglican missionaries
Photographers from Berkshire


Fright is a 1971 British thriller film starring Susan George, Ian Bannen, Honor Blackman, and John Gregson. The film follows a babysitter who is terrorized one evening by her employer's deranged ex-husband. Its original working titles were The Baby Minder and Girl in the Dark before it was titled Fright. It is said by many horror fans and commentators to be one of or even the first film in which an isolated babysitter is stalked by an unrelenting and psychopathic antagonist, rendering it the forerunner of dozens of movies to use similar premises over the following decades.

Plot
College student Amanda is babysitting for Helen and Jim, watching after their young son at their large estate in the woods. Amanda finds it odd there are so many locks on the front door but meets the child, Tara, before they go to sleep. Helen and Jim leave, Amanda makes tea in the kitchen, and is watched by a man through the window. After hearing odd noises, she is startled by the doorbell ringing, and finds her boyfriend Chris at the door. The two lounge on the couch before she makes him leave after Helen calls the home to check in. As Chris walks outside, he is attacked by a man hiding outside who hits him on the head and repeatedly punches him in the face.

Amanda continues to hear knocking noises and believes it is Chris playing a prank on her. She opens a window to reveal a silhouetted face staring back at her. Panicked, Amanda calls the restaurant where Helen is dining with her boyfriend Jim and their friend, Dr. Cordell. Helen is notified by the restaurant staff and goes to take the call, but the line goes dead after she picks up. Worried that her ex-husband, Brian, may have arrived at the home, Helen has Jim call the local psychiatric institute, who notify him that Brian escaped earlier in the night; Helen reveals in conversation that he had been institutionalized after he attempted to murder her; Dr. Cordell is his doctor.

At the front door, Amanda finds Chris, covered in blood; with him is Brian, who claims to be a neighbor who heard a commotion outside. Chris loses consciousness on the floor, and Brian consoles Amanda, who is distraught. At the house, Amanda grows disconcerted when Brian refuses to allow her upstairs, and begins calling her Helen. Realizing that he is Helen's ex-husband, Amanda begins to play into Brian's delusions, and repeatedly proclaims her love for him.

Brian eventually falls asleep, and Amanda attempts to leave the house with Tara, but is stopped by him in the foyer. Chris regains consciousness and attempts to fight Brian, but Brian murders him. Amanda flees out the front door just as police arrive at the home, but she is pulled back inside by Brian, who threatens her and Tara with a shard of glass. Helen and Jim arrive at the home, where Dr. Cordell and numerous policemen have gathered. A standoff ensues in which they attempt to coax him out of the house. Brian demands Helen come inside, but she agrees only on the condition that Amanda and Tara are let outside.

Helen enters the home, where Brian locks her inside, and begins choking her after he finds she has brought in a canister of tear gas. Amanda stops him by slashing his face open with the glass shard, and flees outside. Brian charges after her, carrying Tara with a piece of glass against his neck. The police hold fire and Helen follows outside and attempts to negotiate with him. Brian hands Tara to her and she slowly backs away from him. As she does so, Amanda avenges Chris by shooting Brian in the head, killing him.

Cast
Susan George as Amanda
Honor Blackman as Helen Lloyd
Ian Bannen as Brian Lloyd
John Gregson as Dr. Cordell
George Cole as Jim
Tara Collinson as Tara
Dennis Waterman as Chris
Maurice Kaufmann as Inspector
Michael Brennan as Sergeant
Roger Lloyd-Pack as Constable

Production
Fantale Filmes was a company composed of producers Harry Fine and Michael Styles and writer Tudor Gates. It had made three horror movies for Hammer starting with The Vampire Lovers. This film was a commission for Fantale from British Lion.

Susan George had worked with director Peter Collinson before in Up the Junction (1968). Collinson offered George the role with no audition. George said Colinson "made the film something special. It was very much his baby." She would work with Collinson a third and final time in Tomorrow Never Comes (1978).

George Cole and Dennis Waterman, who co-starred in Minder together, both appear in the film although they share no scenes.

The film was shot at Shepperton Studios in early 1971. The original title was The Babysitter but that was changed because there was an American film with the same title. Then it was called The Girl in the Dark. Filming was threatened in January by a work stoppage but it was decided not to go ahead.

It was the first film that Honor Blackman had appeared in with her husband Maurice Kaufmann.

Release

Critical response
Tudor Gates called it "a good straightforward thriller... It was pretty good. Peter directed it well. Some flair. Perhaps a little more flair than I would have liked in some places." He disliked the performance of Roger Lloyd-Pack.

Variety said "Good production values, some excellent shocks and well developed tension cannot lift" the film "above program status"... "Tudor Gates’ script has bad moments and makes the police act as if in slapstick comedy and not a serious thriller. Attractive Susan George carries most of the picture and it is to her credit that she makes the character credible. Ian Bannen registers as the homicidal psychotic. Honor Blackman is ill at ease as the worrying mother. Ian Wilson’s camerawork effectively contrasts the warm, cheery atmosphere of the restaurant where the mother dines, with the cold, foreboding house where terror reigns."

Evening Standard called it a "coarse, degraded thriller."

New York Times called it "describably dreadful... Collinson, who has made some bad movies in his short career ("The Penthouse" and "The Italian Job," among others), bottoms himself with the dreary affectations in "Fright"."

A review published in The Village Voice noted: "Fright has little else on its mind other than what the title implies, but the first half hour of the film is so full of red herrings and squeaky doors that all the potential for situational horror is soon dissipated." Leonard Maltin deemed the film a "contrived, [with] mechanical direction and so-so script." Roger Ebert praised George and Bannen's performances, but deemed the film "a passably good thriller" in comparison to director Collinson's previous film, The Penthouse (1967).

Robert Sellers of the Radio Times called the film "formulaic" in direction and added: "George merely alternates between pouting and screaming," assessing her performance as a "dress rehearsal for her ordeal in Straw Dogs." Vincent Canby of The New York Times criticized the film's cinematography and "arbitrary cruelties," deeming it a "a describably dreadful English suspense melodrama."

Film historian James Arena credited the film as a "groundbreaker" of the "terrorized babysitter formula," comparing it to Halloween, which was released seven years later. Other critics, such as Gary Smith, cite the film as a proto-slasher film.

The film has been referenced in two episodes of the Minder Podcast.

Home media
Anchor Bay Entertainment released Fright on DVD in 2002. On 3 June 2019, Scream Factory announced they will be releasing a Blu-ray edition of the film on 17 September 2019.
In October 2019, Studio Canal released the movie on Blu-Ray in the UK in a brand new restoration, featuring extra features with interviews with Susan George and horror expert Kim Newman.

References

External links

Fright at BFI
Fight at TCMDB
Fright at Letterbox DVD
Review of film at Cinefantastique

1971 films
1971 horror films
1971 independent films
1970s psychological thriller films
British independent films
British psychological thriller films
Films directed by Peter Collinson
Films set in country houses
Home invasions in film
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
1970s English-language films
1970s British films


Basse Terre is French for "low ground".

It may refer to:

 Basseterre, the capital of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the West Indies
 Basse-Terre, the capital city of Guadeloupe, an overseas région and département of France, located in the Lesser Antilles
 Basse-Terre Island, the name of the western half of Guadeloupe


Cathal mac Muiredaig Muillethan (died 735) was a King of Connacht from the Uí Briúin branch of the Connachta. He was the son of Muiredach Muillethan mac Fergusso (died 702), a previous king and brother of Indrechtach mac Muiredaig Muillethan (died 723). He was of the Síl Muiredaig sept of the Uí Briúin. He ruled from 728 to 735.

According to a poem on The Kings of Connacht, Cathal seized the kingdom without being the heir. The annals record a battle of the Connachta in 732 where Muiredach mac Indrechtaig, son of his brother was slain.

Cathal was ancestor of the Síl Cathail sept which carved out lands in the Co. Roscommon area from the Ui Maine. His sons included two kings of Connacht: Dub-Indrecht mac Cathail (d. 768) and Artgal mac Cathail (d. 792); as well as Dub-Díbeirg (d. 787) and Fogartach (fl. 789).

Notes

See also
Kings of Connacht

References

 Annals of Tigernach
 Annals of Ulster
 Francis J.Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings
 The Chronology of the Irish Annals, Daniel P. McCarthy

External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

735 deaths
Kings of Connacht
Nobility from County Roscommon
8th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown


Chantal Réga (born August 7, 1955, in Nîmes) is a retired track and field sprinter and hurdler from France, best known for winning the bronze medal in the women's 400 m hurdles at the 1982 European Championships. A two-time Olympian (1976 and 1980) she won a total number of fifteen national titles during the 1970s and early 1980s.

International

National Championships

 Champion of France at 100m in 1976, 1978, 1979 and 1980
 Champion of France at 200m in 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979 and 1980
 Champion of France at 100m hurdles in 1974 and 1975
 Champion of France at 400m hurdles in 1982
 Champion of France at 60m Indoors in 1977
 Champion of France at 200m Indoors in 1982
 Champion of France at 60m hurdles Indoors in 1975

References

External links

 Mediterranean Games
 European Championships

1955 births
Living people
French female sprinters
French female hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for France
Sportspeople from Nîmes
European Athletics Championships medalists
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for France


Kaudwane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. The village is located in Kalahari Desert, around 220 km north-west of Gaborone, and it has a primary school. The population was 551 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


USS Pierce (APA-50) was an  that served with the US Navy during World War II.

Pierce (APA-50) was laid down as Northern Light (MC hull 289) by Moore Dry Dock of Oakland, California 22 July 1942; launched 10 October 1942; and commissioned 30 June 1943.

World War II
After a brief shakedown period Pierce sailed for Hawaii to join the Fifth Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet. Immediately upon arrival at Pearl Harbor the ship was assigned to a transport division and was given an intensive two weeks of training in amphibious warfare and gunnery.

Invasion of Makin
Following a dress rehearsal, Pierce sailed as a unit of the task force assigned to capture, occupy and defend the Japanese held island of Makin, Gilbert Islands.

Off the western end of Makin 20 November 1943, Pierce made her first assault landing. During the night of the 23rd the Japanese made their final banzai charge. In the early pre-dawn hours of the next morning there was a terrific explosion and huge pillars of flame shot skyward as the escort carrier Liscome Bay was torpedoed.

With Makin secured, Pierce'''s boats and LSTs brought back to the ship the ragged, weary assault troops of the 27th Infantry Division.

Invasion of Kwajalein
Arriving in Pearl Harbor 2 December the transport discharged her troops and spent the next week overhauling equipment and boats. Pierce was occupied for the ensuing five weeks off Maui, T.H., training some 200 officers and 4000 enlisted men of the Army and Marine Corps in the art of amphibious warfare.

Carrying men of the 7th Infantry Division, Pierce got underway for Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands 22 January 1944. Kwajalein's capture, following the same pattern as that of Makin only on a much larger scale, was achieved within a week. During the night of 3 February Pierce sent five boats to one of the smaller islands to evacuate approximately 150 Army troops trapped by the enemy. Under enemy fire the boats were loaded with troops and returned through the reef to the lagoon.

Upon departure from Kwajalein 8 February, Pierce went to the Naval Repair Base, San Diego, California for overhaul.

Invasion of Saipan
On 14 March she commenced the training of three landing teams of the 81st Infantry Division, totaling some 200 officers and 4,000 enlisted men. This training took place at Coronado Strand, San Clemente Island and Aliso Canyon, California, and consumed the next six weeks.

Once again, 1 May, she sailed for Pearl Harbor, this time to exercise a battalion landing team of the 4th Marines in preparation for the pending operation. All preparations being completed, the ship stood out of Pearl Harbor 29 May and joined other units of a task force en route to Saipan, Marianas Islands. Pierce, as a combat loaded assault transport, was a unit of the Northern Attack Group and was assigned the mission of landing assault troops and equipment in the vicinity of Charan-Kanoa, Saipan. Pierce completed the unloading of all assault troops and their equipment 15 June. Enemy activity lessened after two hours and Pierce was ordered to close the reef to receive casualties and discharge cargo.

Engagement with enemy ground forces

After retiring for the night the ship returned to Saipan and stood in to the line of departure south of Charan-Kanoa to receive casualties, which were taken on board until the sick bay facilities were taxed to the utmost. Two hundred forty-nine casualties were received aboard in less than three hours. That afternoon Pierce fired forty-eight rounds of 5-inch projectiles, silencing two mortar positions in the hills.

Air attacks and transfer of casualties

On the next day, 17 June, Army artillery aboard was dispatched ashore. At sunset Pierce underwent the usual two-hour air attack. Due to the proximity of the Japanese fleet she retired to the northeast of Saipan leaving an imposing force of U.S. heavy ships between herself and the enemy fleet. She returned to Saipan on Friday of that week and by Saturday had completed unloading and transferring casualties to two hospital ships. That evening she departed for Eniwetok amidst an air attack. After standing by on call for a week she reached Pearl Harbor 20 July.

Invasion of Palaus
For the next three weeks Pierce made repairs, trained troops of the 81st Infantry Division, and enjoyed a brief breather from forward area activities. On 12 August Pierce sailed with a task force to Guadalcanal, which was reached on the 24th. After two rehearsals at Guadalcanal she departed for the assault on Angaur in the Palau Islands.

In the Palau Islands on the morning of 15 September, while the 1st Marine Division landed on the island of Peleliu, Pierce in company with the Angaur Attack Force made a diversionary feint along the east coast of Babelthuap Island, keeping out of range of shore batteries. The invasion of Angaur commenced two days later. Upon completion of the unloading Pierce went to Manus, Admiralty Islands, which was reached on 28 September.

Invasion of Leyte
By 8 October personnel of the 1st Cavalry Division were embarked and all equipment loaded. After staging a rehearsal landing the task force of which Pierce was a unit sailed 12 October for the initial assault on Leyte in the Philippines. She reached Leyte Island on the morning of 20 October after passing through enemy mine fields in Surigao Straits. Movement to the objective was uneventful. Evening found the ship underway standing out through mine fields to the open sea. On 23 October she was anchored in Kossol Passage, Palau Islands with several hundred miles separating her from the Japanese fleets converging on Leyte Gulf.

On 28 October the ship began a long tour of Pacific outposts, stopping first at Guam, Marianas to load personnel and equipment of the 77th Infantry Division and sailing from there to Nouméa, New Caledonia. Orders were changed en route on 11 November and she headed west to Manus.

Enemy aircraft kills

Two days later Pierce set sail for Leyte. She was quietly unloading the ship on 24 November off Taraguna, Leyte when three enemy planes attacked and were shot down. The emptied Pierce sailed that day to Hollandia, New Guinea, and arrived 29 November.

There followed two weeks of repairs and rest in Hollandia, after which Pierce departed for Sansapor, New Guinea. At that base she loaded personnel and equipment of the 6th Infantry Division, practiced landing operations and spent Christmas. Early on 30 December Pierce shot down one enemy plane.

Invasion of Luzon
That afternoon she sailed from Sansapor with a task group bound for the initial assault on Luzon, Philippine Islands, at Lingayen Gulf. The trip was not without excitement as each dawn and dusk brought enemy planes over the disposition, but no hits were scored on Pierce.

Pierce suffers casualties

With the exception of one group of enemy planes the approach into Lingayen Gulf on the morning of 9 January 1945 went off without interference. Unloading was progressing nicely when an enemy plane came out of the sun unobserved and attempted to glide bomb Pierce, but he let loose his bomb too soon and it fell abreast the port side of No. 5 hatch, demolishing one of the ship's boats lying nearby and killing two men.

Uneventful landing

Next the ship loaded personnel and equipment of the 38th Army Division, conducted a rehearsal landing and sailed again for Luzon, this time to take part in the initial assault on beaches near the town of LaPaz, north of Subic Bay. The whole operation was pleasantly uneventful, and instead of enemy opposition at the beachhead only friendly natives were present. She returned to Leyte for repairs and spent most of February unloading merchant ships.

Invasion of Okinawa
Personnel and equipment of the 7th Infantry Division were loaded by 10 March. After the usual rehearsal Pierce departed Leyte with a task group amidst high seas and headed for Okinawa Jima, Nansei Shoto. Except for aircraft which appeared in the vicinity only to be promptly shot down, the trip was uneventful. Pierce stood into the transport area off Okinawa on the morning of 1 April. As the ship was retiring for the night Japanese planes got through the combat air patrol, one kamikaze crashing into a transport about 800 yards on Pierce's starboard beam.

On the following day the ship continued unloading, then retired for the night and completed unloading the next day. On 5 April Pierce was ordered to sail with other unloaded transports to Guam, whence she continued on to California.

After hostilities
During the next ten weeks the ship was overhauled in San Francisco. Pierce then went to San Diego for refresher training. While the ship was again en route to the war zone, with Eniwetok only a few hundred miles away, the electrifying "cease all offensive operations" message was received 15 August 1945. Pausing in the Philippines, Pierce continued on to the Japanese home islands and to Korea for occupation duty. She returned to San Francisco 13 November, only to put to sea again on the 30th bound for Manila.

At Manila 19–23 December the transport was loaded with home-bound veterans, then crossed the Pacific to make San Francisco 11 January 1946. Pierce departed 21 January, transited the Panama Canal and arrived at New Orleans 6 February.

DecommissionPierce decommissioned at Mobile, Alabama, 11 March 1946. She was struck from the Navy List 17 April 1946 and delivered to the Maritime Commission for further disposal 2 May 1946. She was sold to her former owner 28 July 1947.

AwardsPierce received six battle stars for World War II service.

Legacy
One of the serving officers on the USS Pierce was Kenneth Dodson, a former civilian mariner. After the war he became an author and wrote the novel Away All Boats, published by Little Brown & Co. in 1954. The book was based on his experiences on the ship which he renamed the Belinda in the novel. In 1956 the book was made into a movie by Universal Pictures using the same title starring Jeff Chandler, George Nader and a young Richard Boone. Clint Eastwood has one speaking line playing an uncredited role as a Navy Corpsman.

Commercial servicePierce was transferred for commercial service on 24 October 1947 to United States Lines, which renamed her American Planter. On 13 June 1965, American Planter was returned to the Maritime Administration and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River, Lee Hall, Virginia. On 26 August 1965, she was chartered to States Marine for MSTS service. She was returned to MARAD and the Reserve Fleet, this time at Suisun Bay, California, on 17 November 1967.

On 3 March 1969, American Planter'' was purchased for scrapping by National Metal and Steel Corporation of Terminal Island, California. She was transferred from the Reserve Fleet on 25 March and scrapped at Terminal Island in May.

References

USS Pierce (APA-50), DANFS Online.
APA-50 Pierce, Navsource Online.

Ormsby-class attack transports
Pierce County, Georgia
Pierce County, Nebraska
Pierce County, North Dakota
Pierce County, Washington
Pierce County, Wisconsin
Ships built in Oakland, California
1942 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States


Sorilatholo is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. The village is located in Kalahari Desert, around 180 km north-west of Gaborone, and it has a primary school. The population was 472 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Monwane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 40 km West-northwest of Molepolole, and it has a primary school. The population was 375 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Kotolaname is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 30 km west of Molepolole, and the population was 278 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Sesung is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana, located 85 km north-west of Molepolole. The population was 1,281 in the 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Tamsaling Nepal Rastriya Dal is a political party in Nepal affiliated with preserving the Tamang people's ancestral lands. The party was officially founded on February 4, 2008 but had been registered with the Election Commission of Nepal in October 2007, ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election. The founders of the party come from Nepal Tamang Ghedung and other Janajati groups. The party works for a democratic republic, ethnic and regional autonomy and an election system based upon proportional representation.

Founder General Secretary: Tek Bahadur Tamang

Founder Chairman: Parsuram Tamang

References

Political parties in Nepal
Political parties established in 2008
2008 establishments in Nepal


Maboane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 60 km north of Jwaneng and the population was 813 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch () is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election. The party was formed through the coming together of 12 different janajati organisations.

The party agitates for the formation of a Limbuwan autonomous region in North-Eastern Nepal. The Sangiya Limbuwan Rajyaparishad is connected to the party. It is the umbrella organization of Federal Limbuwan State Council, Khumbuwan State, Tamagsaling Autonomous State Council, and United Tharu National Front including 13 other ethnic fronts.

The party is a continuent of the Federal Republic National Front.

History
In the 2017 local elections, the party won seven seats in local governments. The party contested the 2017 legislative and provincial elections. The party did not win any seats in the House of Representatives, but the party won one seat to the Provincial Assembly of Province No. 1 through proportional representation.

Electoral performance

Legislative elections

Provincial elections

Province 1

See also

 Limbu people
 Limbuwan

References

Socialist parties in Nepal
2007 establishments in Nepal


Malwelwe is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 70 km northwest of Molepolole. The population was 930 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Saint Oliver of Ancona - also known as Oliver of Portonuovo, Oliverius or Liberius (died c. 1050), is a saint of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian churches. His feast day is 3 February.

He was a Benedictine monk from Santa Maria di Portonuovo, a community at the foot of Monte Conero, south of Ancona on the Italian Adriatic coast.

It is thought that he came from Armenia, or that he originally was a Camaldolese monk from Dalmatia. Otherwise, basically nothing is known about him.

Another saint with the name Oliver is Oliver Plunkett, an Irish monk of the 17th century.

References

External links
Page with photo of the church Santa Maria di Portonuovo (from the era of St. Oliver)

1050 deaths
10th-century births
Medieval Italian saints
11th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain


Sadbhavana Party is a political party in Nepal. The party emerged from a major split in the Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) in the summer of 2007. Laxman Lal Karna was the joint chair of the party.

History
Initially the party also used the name "Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi)", but the party was not recognised by the Election Commission of Nepal by that name. Rajendra Mahato, Minister for Industry and Commerce, resigned from the government in protest. The party was later registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election as Sadbhavana Party.

The party was a founding member of the United Democratic Madhesi Front along with Madheshi Janaadhikar Forum, Nepal and Terai Madhesh Democratic Party. The front was a key part of the  second Madhes movement and demanded federalism, proportional representation and population-based constituency demarcation be ensured in the Interim Constitution.

Constituent Assembly and dissolution
In the elections the party gained nine seats to the 1st Constituent Assembly. Sadbhavana Party joined the government led by CPN (Maoist) with party president Rajendra Mahato joining the cabinet as Minister for Commerce and Supplies. In August 2011, Anil Kumar Jha split the party with five CA members and formed Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party. Later Ram Naresh Rae split the party with two CA members and formed Rastriya Sadbhavana Party.

In the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, the party won six seats to the 2nd Constituent Assembly. The party reformed the United Democratic Madhesi Front with other Madhes-based parties in 2015 against the proposed constitution blaming the major political parties of not implementing agreements between them in the past. The protests continued after the constitution was passed by the house resulting in a prolonged agitation in Madhes.

On 21 April 2017 the party merged with Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (Republican) and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party to form Rastriya Janata Party Nepal.

Electoral performance

See also

 People's Progressive Party

References

Federalist parties in Nepal
2007 establishments in Nepal
2017 disestablishments in Nepal


Tsetseng is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located in Kalahari Desert, 40 km north-east of Kang. The population was 395 in 2001 census. The Tsetseng population was 395 on November 16, 2010.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Amelanchier asiatica, commonly known as Korean juneberry or Asian serviceberry, is a species in the genus Amelanchier, native to China, Japan, and Korea. It is a shrub or small tree, growing to about  tall.

References

External links

asiatica
Plants described in 1839


Rashtrabadi Milan Kendra Nepal Dal is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly Election.

References

Political parties in Nepal


Takatokwane is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located in Kalahari Desert, 80 km north-west of Jwaneng. The population was 1,590 in 2001 census.

References

Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana


Rashtrabadi Ekta Party is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

References

Political parties in Nepal


James Ray Cargill (October 9, 1923 – March 26, 2006) was an American billionaire heir and businessman.

Early life
James Ray Cargill was born on October 9, 1923, in Chicago, Illinois. His father was Austen Cargill and his mother, Anne Ray Cargill. His grandfather, William Wallace Cargill, was the founder of Cargill, an agribusiness corporation.

He grew up in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was educated at the Lake Forest Academy in Lake Forest, Illinois. He also worked at Cargill during the summers of 1939 through 1941. He served in the United States Army in Europe for three years during World War II. He graduated from the University of Minnesota.

Career
In 1947, he started his career at Cargill, working in advertising. By 1989, he retired as senior vice president of Cargill. He served on its board of directors from 1963 to 1995. He was a major shareholder of Cargill.

In 1992, he acquired J. B. Hudson Jewelers, a retailer of jewelry, china and crystals.

He was worth US$1.8 billion in 2006.

Philanthropy
He donated to his alma mater, the University of Minnesota, from which he was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Award. He established Dinnaken Properties, student residences which were affordable yet good quality, at UM.

He was a donor to Ducks Unlimited and Trout Unlimited.

Personal life
He married Mary Janet Cargill. They had three children:
James R. Cargill II
Austen S. Cargill II
Marianne Cargill Liebmann

Death
He died on March 26, 2006, in Edina, Minnesota.

Legacy
Each of his children inherited a 1/18 share of Cargill.

References

1923 births
2006 deaths
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Minneapolis
Lake Forest Academy alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
American billionaires
Philanthropists from Illinois
Cargill people
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American businesspeople


Nepal Samyabadi Dal is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

References

Communist parties in Nepal


The Cape Town Open Education Declaration is a major international statement on open access, open education and open educational resources. It emerged from a conference on open education hosted in Cape Town on 14 and 15 September 2007 by the Shuttleworth Foundation and the Open Society Institute. The aim of this meeting [being] to "accelerate efforts to promote open resources, technology, and teaching practices in education". Individuals and organizations that sign the Declaration share its "statement of principle, a statement of strategy and a statement of commitment".

The declaration was released officially on January 22, 2008.

As of January 2014, over 2,400 individuals and 250 organisations (including the Wikimedia Foundation) have signed the declaration.

See also
Budapest Open Access Initiative
UNESCO 2012 Paris OER Declaration

References

External links

 Text of the Declaration
 Audio version of the Declaration

Open access statements
Open content
2007 documents


Amelanchier bartramiana is a species of serviceberry. Common names include mountain serviceberry, mountain shadbush, Bartram's serviceberry, mountain juneberry, Bartram juneberry, and the oblongfruit serviceberry.

The leaves of A. bartramiana are either brown or green coloured, are egg-shaped and tapered at both ends with fine teeth almost to the base. It has 6–12 teeth while its lateral veins comes 10–16 pairs. Its petioles are  long while its blades are ovate and elliptic. The flowers have five white petals, appearing singly or in clusters of up to four blossoms. The pomes are red, ripening to dark purple and are pear-shaped. The fruits are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked.

See also
Cranberry Glades, West Virginia

References

External links

bartramiana
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Northeastern United States
Flora of Wisconsin
Flora of Minnesota


Free Radio is a television show, created by Lance Krall and Rory Rosegarten.  The show originated on VH1, but has also played on Comedy Central, and Super Channel (Canada).  It stars Lance Krall, prominent for his role on The Joe Schmo Show, and Anna Vocino, who also starred with Krall on The Lance Krall Show.

Plot
The show focuses on a dysfunctional radio station, KBOM. Krall plays a moronic intern turned moronic DJ when KBOM's regular shock jock, Rip Rebel, defects to satellite radio. Lance eventually gets his own show entitled Moron in the Morning. Real celebrities guest star as themselves with Lance, who often either does not realize who they are or mixes them up with other celebrities on the air.  Most of the dialogue is improvised.

Characters

Lance Krall as Lance, a former intern at KBOM who gets a job as a radio host, after the former host, Rip Rebel, leaves. He becomes inexplicably popular due to his ignorance and bold stupidity while interviewing celebrities. The station dubs Lance's show "Moron in the Morning."

Anna Vocino as Anna, Lance's co-host on "Moron in the Morning." She is often annoyed by Lance's uninformed questions to their guests and his on-air antics, but enjoys the success the show has acquired.

Brian Huskey as James Reed, the manager of KBOM and boss of both Lance and Anna. James was against "Moron in the Morning" from the start, but due to its success and pressure from listeners & the owners of KBOM, he has been forced to keep the show on the air.

Sarah Baker as Sarah a.k.a. Emo Sarah, KBOM's goth/emo receptionist.

Gerry Bednob as Bling Bling Shelton, Lance's inept talent manager.

Episodes

Season One
 "Moron in the Morning" - Kiefer Sutherland, Luis Guzman, Angela Kinsey and the cast of All About Walken: The Impersonators of Christopher Walken.
 "Lance Gets a Billboard" - Jack Coleman, Sara Blakely and Daniela Sea
 "The New Intern" - Tony Hawk, Ashley Jensen and Howie Mandel
 "Lance Gets a Manager" - Emily Deschanel, Don Lafontaine, Blake Lewis and Quinton "Rampage" Jackson
 "Snafu!" - Tony Shalhoub, air guitarist Dan Crane, Shannon Woodward and Perez Hilton
 "Side Kick for a Day" - Zachary Quinto, competitive eating champion Shawn Kirby and Kat Von D
 "Lance Gets a Bodyguard" - Omarion, Bob Saget, Danneel Harris and Natasha Lyonne
 "The Temp" - Mary Lynn Rajskub, James Van Der Beek and Jeff Corwin
 "Lance's Birthday" - Ray Romano, Penn and Teller and Melora Hardin

Season Two
 "Lance's Posse" - Ed Helms, Dominic Monaghan, Neil Hamburger and Robin Meade
 "Celebrity" - David Cook, Ed Begley, Jr., Hank Azaria and Emily Procter
 "KDOG" - John Stamos, Bai Ling, Jim Parsons and Kathy Griffin
 "Anna's Date" -  Charlie Day, Glenn Howerton & Rob McElhenney (from "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia"), Danica McKellar, and Corey Feldman
 "Buttons" - Tony Hawk, Dr. Lauren Frances, Bree Turner and Nick Cassavetes
 "Earthquake" - Taryn Manning, Akon, Henry Rollins and Rachelle Lefevre
 "Kia" - Sam Trammell, Odette Yustman and Omarosa Manigault-Stallworth
 "Boxing For Boners"- Zachary Levi, Sugar Ray Leonard and Cheech & Chong (Cheech Marin and Tommy Chong).

References

External links

VH1 original programming
2008 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s American sitcoms
2000s American workplace comedy television series
English-language television shows


My Paper Made Men is the second album by Amy Studt released nearly five years after her debut False Smiles.

It is said to be different from her first album False Smiles, the Los Angeles Times said to "ignore any dim memories of her midteens pop phase a while ago".

Initially it was released as a download-only album in early 2008, a week after the single "Chasing the Light", which only managed a #277 peak. In early 2009 it was released physically with the lead single being "Nice Boys", which only managed a peak at #165, with the album failing to chart.

Singles and other songs
The first single from the album "Furniture" was released on December 3, 2007 as a download-only single, however, it failed to chart. The second single "Chasing the Light" was released a week before the album, on April 28, and has so far charted at #277 on the UK Singles Chart. Several songs have been made available such as "Paper Made Men" (originally titled "My Paper Made Man") and "Sad, Sad World" (B-Side to "Furniture")

According to her official website, a further single, "Nice Boys" was released and has an accompanying video. Studt posted a sneak preview of the "Nice Boys" video on YouTube a week before the full video was posted.

Track listing
 "Sad, Sad World" (Amy Studt, Eg White) — 4:29
 "She Ran" (Studt, Andrew Crutwell-Jones) — 3:15
 "Furniture" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:40
 "She Walks Beautiful" (Studt, Louis Biancaniello, Sam Watters) — 5:38
 "One Last Cigarette" (Studt, White) — 3:31
 "Nice Boys" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:32
 "Walking Out" (Studt, John Fortis) — 4:00
 "Chasing the Light" (Studt, Biancaniello, Watters) — 4:11
 "Paper Made Man" (Studt, Guy Sigsworth) — 3:40
 "Here Lies Love" (Studt, Crutwell-Jones) — 3:35
 "Foolish Heart" (Studt, Peter-John Vettese & Felix Howard) — 3.33 (Bonus Track featured only on the 2009 iTunes re-release)
 "The Lucky Ones" (Studt, Peter Woodruffe, Charlie Grant) — 3:35 (Bonus Track featured only on the 2009 CD release)

References

2009 albums
2008 albums
Albums produced by Guy Sigsworth
Amy Studt albums


Áed Balb mac Indrechtaig (died 742) was a King of Connacht from the Uí Briúin branch of the Connachta. He was the son of Indrechtach mac Muiredaig Muillethan (died 723), a previous king. He was of the Síl Muiredaig sept of the Uí Briúin. His sobriquet Balb means "Stammerer".

Aed is mentioned as king in both the king-lists and the annals. He ruled from 735 to 742, but nothing is known of his reign.

Notes

See also
Kings of Connacht

References

 Annals of Tigernach
 Annals of Ulster
 Francis J.Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings
 Laud Synchronisms
 The Chronology of the Irish Annals, Daniel P. McCarthy

External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork

742 deaths
Kings of Connacht
Nobility from County Roscommon
8th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown


Great Longstone for Ashford railway station was a station which served Great and Little Longstone in the Peak District of Derbyshire. It was opened in 1863 by the Midland Railway on its extension of the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway from Rowsley.

History
Originally known as Longstone railway station, in 1913 it was renamed Great Longstone for Ashford (Ashford-in-the-Water). Once the London, Midland and Scottish Railway reached Manchester the line carried expresses to London St Pancras and heavy mineral traffic.

It closed in 1962, except that one train a day in each direction continued to stop to allow a local resident, Mrs A Boardman, to travel to work, an episode immortalised by the British Movietone film It Only Stops For Her.. Trains continued to pass through the station until 1968 when the line was closed.

The station building, now Thornbridge Outdoors, was designed to match the nearby Thornbridge Hall and is Grade II listed, and the trackbed through the station is part of the  Monsal Trail, a walk and cycleway. Access to the Monsal Trail can be made at Great Longstone for Ashford railway station, via the ramp off Longstone Lane.

Stationmasters
From 1926 the stationmaster was also responsible for Hassop. In 1931 the stationmaster was no longer responsible for Hassop, but managed both Longstone and Monsal Dale.

Joseph Bell 1863–1868
Richard H. Bell until 1873
Richard Coe 1873–1906 (formerly station master at Monsal Dale)
Thomas Harlin 1907–1914 (afterwards station master at Heaton Mersey)
B. Wilson from 1914
T.A. Huddlestone 1918-1924 (afterwards station master at Ecclesfield)
F. Smith 1924–1926 (afterwards station master at Beauchief)
J. Townson 1926–1931 (also station master at Hassop afterwards station master at Duffield)
J.H. Adams 1944–1947 (afterwards station master at Radway Green)
Horace Gundry ca. 1948–ca. 1950

Route

See also
Listed buildings in Great Longstone

References

 Truman, P., Hunt, D., (1989) Midland Railway Portrait, Sheffield: Platform 5 Publishing
 Radford, B., (1988) Midland Though The Peak, Unicorn Books

External links
 Longstone station on navigable 1947 O. S. map

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1967
Disused railway stations in Derbyshire
Former Midland Railway stations
Grade II listed buildings in Derbyshire
1863 establishments in England
1967 disestablishments in England


The interleukin-5 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of the interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit and CSF2RB.

The IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and is a heterodimer composed of two polypeptide chains, one α subunit, which binds IL-5 and confers upon the receptor cytokine specificity, and one β subunit, which contains the signal transduction domains.

α-subunit
The IL-5Rα chain is exclusively expressed by eosinophils, some basophils and murine B1 cells or B cell precursors.  Like many other cytokine receptors, alternative splicing of the α-chain gene results in expression of either a membrane bound or soluble form of the bα-chain.  The soluble form does not lead to signal transduction and therefore has an antagonistic effect on IL-5 signaling.  Both monomeric forms of IL-5Rα are low affinity receptors, while dimerization with the β-chain produces a high affinity receptor. In either case, the α-chain exclusively binds IL-5 and the intra-cellular portion of IL-5Rα is associated with Janus kinase (JAK) 2, a protein tyrosine-kinase essential in IL-5 signal transduction.

β-subunit
The β-subunit of the IL-5 receptor is responsible for signal transduction and contains several intracellular signaling domains.  Unlike the α-chain, the β-chain does not bind IL-5, is not specific to this cytokine, and is expressed on practically all leukocytes.  In fact, the β-subunit of the IL-5 receptor is also found in IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors where it is associated with IL-3Rα and GM-CSFRα subunits respectively. Therefore, it is known as the common β receptor or βc.  As with the IL-5Rα subunit, the β subunit’s cytoplasmic domain is constitutively associated with JAK2, as well as LYN, another tyrosine kinase, which are both essential for IL-5 signal transduction.

Drug target
Three monoclonal antibodies are available to target IL-5R. Benralizumab binds to IL-5Ra, while mepolizumab and reslizumab bind to IL-5, preventing it from binding to IL-5Ra.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


Montgomery Cunningham "Monty" Meigs Jr. (February 27, 1847 – December 9, 1931) was an American civil engineer.

Background
The son of U.S. Army General Montgomery C. Meigs, he was born in Detroit, Michigan, and educated at Harvard University and in Germany. He worked for a few years for the Northern Pacific Railroad, before taking the post of a civil engineer in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1882.

Civil career
The junior Meigs is best known for his management of the canal and locks at the Des Moines Rapids, as well his involvement in the construction of the dam at the same which inundated the canal.

Although Meigs had not served in the military, he was often referred to as "Major" out of courtesy, because his predecessor at the Des Moines Rapids had been an army officer. Meigs' design for traffic control at the canal and locks prompted Captain F.A. Whitney to tell the Saturday Evening Post in 1924 that he could not recall a single incident having occurred by any vessel passing through the locks, so long as the rules had been obeyed, and that Meigs did not hesitate to become involved personally if needs be.

Other interests and skills
Meigs was an accomplished riverboat pilot. One of his six daughters, author Cornelia Meigs, wrote in the Keokuk Daily Gate newspaper, dated July 30, 1966:
"...It is an unrecorded part of my father’s work that he had the whole picture of the river channel so fully in his mind, with his almost day to day information as to what the mighty Mississippi was about that he felt himself able, where other men would be in doubt, to take the wheel of the big passenger and cargo boats, carrying several hundred people, and pilot them himself down through some treacherous reach of the channel, often rising from his bed at night to do so. He was accepted as a welcome aide by the regular pilots who must know the long stretches of the river but could sometimes not be quite sure in the particularly difficult and rapidly changing channel."

Besides fulfilling this position for the government, Meigs was an inventor.  He invented a "canvas coffer-dam," and pioneered the application of crude oil to dirt roads to improve driving conditions by controlling dust and mud.

He also built and designed steamboats and steam dredge tenders. From 1910 to 1913 he was the local inspecting engineer in the construction of the great lock, dry dock, and power developments on the Mississippi at Keokuk.

Personal life
Meigs and his wife Grace Lynde had six daughters: Mary Meigs Atwater, Louisa Meigs Green, the physician Grace Meigs Crowder, Alice Meigs Orr, writer Cornelia Lynde Meigs, and Emily Meigs Fales.

References

External links
Meigs Family papers; Hagley Museum and Library

1847 births
1931 deaths
American civil engineers
Harvard University alumni
People from Detroit


Alfred Attilio Checchi (born June 6, 1948) is an American businessman who was a candidate for Governor of California in the 1998 gubernatorial election, losing to fellow Democrat Gray Davis in the June 1998 primary.  Checchi finished in second place in the Democratic primary, capturing 12.49% of the vote.  He ran as a New Democrat and called for increased spending on education.  He set a new record at the time for spending in a California gubernatorial race, spending over $40 million of his personal fortune.  Checchi had previously enjoyed success in various business ventures, most notably serving as co-chairman of Northwest Airlines.  He attended the Harvard School of Business.  Checchi is married to his wife Kathryn and has 3 children.

Early life
Checchi was born on June 6, 1948, near Boston, Massachusetts.  His grandfather ran the Elba Fruit Market, a grocery in Calais, Maine.  Checchi is of Italian heritage.   He was raised in the suburbs of Washington D.C. to middle-class parents where he attended Our Lady of Good Counsel.  Checchi's father was the No. 3 man in the Food and Drug Administration from 1946 to 1960, and later ran an investment firm.  Checchi began to think of running for public office when he was 12.  At the age of 14, Checchi saw Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.

Checchi attended Amherst College in Massachusetts because he heard it was the most difficult to get into; he graduated in 1970 with an American studies major.  He completed a Master of Business Administration at Harvard School of Business.

Business career
Checchi first worked at Marriott Corporation where he rose quickly due to clever financing for hotel developments at home and abroad.  In his 30s, he helped the Bass brothers of Texas acquire a 25% stake in Disney, earning a reported $50 million in the process. In 1989, Checchi helped organize a $3.65 billion leveraged buyout of Minnesota-based Northwest Airlines, investing about $12 million in the transaction.  From 1989 to 1993, he served as co-chairman of Northwest Airlines.  Checchi's critics claim he moved the company near bankruptcy, forced $800 million in union concessions, and worked to gain $837 million in state and local bonds, subsidies and tax credits, while earning $32 million for his outside firm.  Checchi counters that he protected the company from asset strippers and he helped triple the value of Northwest Airlines stock.  He amassed a net worth of around $700 million.

Run for Governor

Political positions
Checchi was a New Democrat, liberal on social issues and conservative on fiscal ones. He campaigned on increasing investing on education, making a 10% across-the-board cut in all state bureaucracies to pay for more teachers, computers, books, universal preschool and after-school programs. He called for teachers to be tested every five years and to expand charter schools. Checchi opposed Proposition 187 because it cut benefits to children of illegal immigrants and called for the prosecution of businesses that hire undocumented workers. Checchi wanted to extend the death penalty to cover serial rapists and repeat child molesters, and he wanted a drug rehabilitation programs for the state's prisoners, with release contingent on a drug-free record.  Checchi supported regional planning for growth, financial incentives to stimulate housing, and he promised to cut auto insurance rates by 10 percent.  Raising California's pupil spending to the national average.  He supports abortion rights for women and parental consent legislation for teenagers seeking abortions.  He released a 90-page book detailing his policies and political positions.

Prior to his run for governor, Checchi had voted in 2 of the last 6 elections.

The race

Checchi spent over $40 million from his personal fortune on his run for governor.  Checchi's campaign featured numerous television ads and high priced political advisors and included a television ad that highlighted his Italian American heritage.  Other ads highlighted his business experience. One ad featured children struggling to pronounce his name ("Check-ee").

Checchi ran against Lieutenant Governor Gray Davis and US Congresswoman Jane Harman.  Checchi led in early polls.  Checchi outspent Davis by $33 million and Harman by $25 million.  He set a new record at the time for spending in a California gubernatorial race.  Checchi came in second in the Democratic primary held on June 2, 1998, with 12.49% of the vote.

As of 2011, Checchi is a registered independent, critical of both major parties.

References

1948 births
Harvard Business School alumni
American people of Italian descent
Living people
Businesspeople from Boston
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Candidates in the 1998 United States elections


The interleukin-13 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding Interleukin-13. It consists of two subunits, encoded by IL13RA1 and IL4R, respectively. These two genes encode the proteins IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. These form a dimer with IL-13 binding to the IL-13Rα1 chain and IL-4Rα stabilises this interaction. This IL-13 receptor can also instigate IL-4 signalling. In both cases this occurs via activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway, resulting in phosphorylation of STAT6. Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerises and acts as a transcription factor activating many genes, such as eotaxin.

There is also another receptor that can bind IL-13:  IL-13Rα2 encoded by the IL13RA2 gene. This binds IL-13 with very high affinity (and can therefore sequester it) but does not allow IL-4 binding. It acts as a negative regulator of both IL-13 and IL-4, however the mechanism of this is still undetermined.

Function

Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is an effector cytokine partially sharing the signaling pathways with IL-4 due to the utilization of a common receptor system (IL-4 receptor type II). A “private” receptor system, binding specifically IL-13 with high affinity, seems to use different signalling pathways and is increasingly being studied for its potential as a novel prognostic factor, biomarker or therapeutic target in different types of cancer.

The “shared” IL-4 / IL-13 receptor

IL-13 uses the IL-4 receptor type II (IL-4RII), a complex formed by an IL-4Rα chain and an IL-13Rα1 chain. Initially, the ligand (IL-4 or IL-13) binds to the IL-4Rα chain and IL-13Rα1 respectively; thereafter, a secondary chain (IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα respectively) will also bind, forming the complete IL-4RII. The IL-4/IL-4Rα complex, however, can also bind to a different secondary chain, the IL-2Rγc, forming the IL-4 receptor type I (IL-4RI). In non-hematopoietic cells, IL-2Rγc is poorly expressed; on the other hand, IL-13Rα1 is poorly expressed in lymphocytes but abundantly in all non-hematopoietic cells; myeloid cells express both of them to a certain degree. This different distribution of secondary chains accounts for the difference in distribution of completed receptors, with being IL-4RI prevalently expressed in lymphocyte, and IL-4RII prevalently in non-hematopoietic cells. Consequently, only IL-4, through IL-4R1, is able to modulate the function of lymphocytes inducing Th2 polarisation and B cells IgG1/IgE class switching, while IL-13 is mainly acting on myeloid cells and non-hematopoietic cells, having strong effects on mucus production, smooth muscle contraction, epithelium permeabilisation (e.g. allergic asthma).
After the complete assemblage, the conformational changes in IL-4RI or IL-4RII tails leads to the intracellular signaling, starting with the auto and cross-phosphorylation of associated Jak kinases (Jak3 for IL-2Rγc, Jak1 for IL-4Rα, Jak2 and Tyk2 for IL-13Rα1), and followed by phosphorylation of intracellular domains of IL-4Rα in critical Y residues which are therefore activated to form the docking sites for downstream signalling molecules endowed with SH domains. While the docking sites in IL-4R1 (and consequently IL-4) are able to efficiently activate both STAT6 and IRS2 signalling molecules, IL-4RII (and consequently IL-13) only activates effectively STAT6. Activated STAT6 molecules form dimers which translocate to the nucleus to bind responsive elements (e.g. CD23 promoter in B cells, arginase1 enhancer in macrophages )
The binding affinity of IL-4 for IL-4Rα is much higher than IL-13 for the IL-13Rα1, hence IL-4 would out-compete IL-13 for receptor availability within IL4R2 at parity of concentration.

The “private” IL-13 receptor

Besides IL-13Rα1 chain (which work in conjunction with the IL-4Rα, IL-13 can bind with much higher affinity to IL-13Rα2.
IL-13Rα2 presents 35% homology with IL-13Rα1 and it is expressed mostly in structural cell (but also has been identified in fibroblasts and, only in mice, in soluble form). It presents an extraordinary affinity to IL-13, but does not form complexes with any secondary chain.
Because of the apparent lack of signaling domain and the short tail, it has been initially thought not to have any signaling activity, and regarded as “decoy” receptor, that is its function would just consist in competing for IL-13 binding and neutralizing his effect.
Indeed, it has been shown that IL-13Rα2 blocks IL-13 driven STAT6 signalling by binding IL-13 with high affinity, however a partial block is also extending to IL-4 driven STAT6 signalling, presumably due to the cytoplasmic domain interfering with the assembling of IL-4/IL-4Rα with a secondary chain.
However, increasing evidences are accumulating that IL-13Rα2 is more than a “decoy”. IL-13 signalling through IL-13Rα2 and AP1-driven TGF-β production has been initially reported in monocytes and then confirmed in mouse models. According these studies, IL-13, through the over-expression (TNF-α induced) of IL-13Rα2 would be able to activate AP-1 signalling and production of TGF-β, driving pro-fibrotic effects. Some recent works is evidencing how a wide range of signals can be actually activated by this receptor (e.g. WNT/β-Catenin, MAPK/ERK, AKT/PKB, Src/FAK, PIP3K ) in normal or pathologic environments. How IL-13Rα2 might overcome the limitation of a 17 aminoacids short tail lacking any signalling motif, it is not clear yet but it has been shown that, at least in some cases, the association with other receptors or signalling adaptors can do the trick.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


This is a list of techniques used in word play.

Techniques that involve the phonetic values of words
 Engrish
 Chinglish
 Homonym: words with same sounds and same spellings but with different meanings
 Homograph: words with same spellings but with different meanings
 Homophone: words with same sounds but with different meanings
 Homophonic translation
 Mondegreen: a mishearing (usually unintentional) as a homophone or near-homophone that has as a result acquired a new meaning. The term is often used to refer specifically to mishearings of song lyrics (cf. soramimi).
 Onomatopoeia: a word or a grouping of words that imitates the sound it is describing
 Phonetic reversal
 Rhyme: a repetition of identical or similar sounds in two or more different words
 Alliteration: matching consonants sounds at the beginning of words
 Assonance: matching vowel sounds
 Consonance: matching consonant sounds
 Holorime: a rhyme that encompasses an entire line or phrase
 Spoonerism: a switch of two sounds in two different words (cf. sananmuunnos)
 Same-sounding words or phrases, fully or approximately homophonous (sometimes also referred to as "oronyms")

Techniques that involve the letters

 Acronym: abbreviations formed by combining the initial components in a phrase or names
Apronym: an acronym that is also  a phrase pertaining to the original meaning
 RAS syndrome: repetition of a word by using it both as a word alone and as a part of the acronym
 Recursive acronym: an acronym that has the acronym itself as one of its components
 Acrostic: a writing in which the first letter, syllable, or word of each line can be put together to spell out another message
 Mesostic: a writing in which a vertical phrase intersects lines of horizontal text
 Word square: a series of letters arranged in the form of a square that can be read both vertically and horizontally
 Backronym: a phrase back-formed by treating a word that is originally not an initialism or acronym as one
 Replacement Backronym: a phrase back-formed from an existing initialism or acronym that is originally an abbreviation with another meaning
 Anagram: rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word or phrase
 Ambigram: a word which can be read just as well mirrored or upside down
 Blanagram: rearranging the letters of a word or phrase and substituting one single letter to produce a new word or phrase
 Letter bank: using the letters from a certain word or phrase as many times as wanted to produce a new word or phrase
 Jumble: a kind of word game in which the solution of a puzzle is its anagram
 Chronogram: a phrase or sentence in which some letters can be interpreted as numerals and rearranged to stand for a particular date
 Gramogram: a word or sentence in which the names of the letters or numerals are used to represent the word
 Lipogram: a writing in which certain letter is missing
 Univocalic: a type of poetry that uses only one vowel
 Palindrome: a word or phrase that reads the same in either direction
 Pangram: a sentence which uses every letter of the alphabet at least once
 Tautogram: a phrase or sentence in which every word starts with the same letter
 Caesar shift: moving all the letters in a word or sentence some fixed number of positions down the alphabet

Techniques that involve semantics and the choosing of words

 Anglish: a writing using exclusively words of Germanic origin
 Auto-antonym: a word that contains opposite meanings
 Autogram: a sentence that provide an inventory of its own characters
 Irony
 Malapropism: incorrect usage of a word by substituting a similar-sounding word with different meaning
 Neologism: creating new words
 Phono-semantic matching: camouflaged/pun borrowing in which a foreign word is matched with a phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native word (related to folk etymology)
 Portmanteau: a new word that fuses two words or morphemes
 Retronym: creating a new word to denote an old object or concept whose original name has come to be used for something else
 Oxymoron: a combination of two contradictory terms
Zeugma and Syllepsis: the use of a single phrase in two ways simultaneously
 Pun: deliberately mixing two similar-sounding words
 Slang: the use of informal words or expressions

Techniques that involve the manipulation of the entire sentence or passage

 Dog Latin
 Language game: a system of manipulating spoken words to render them incomprehensible to the untrained ear
 Pig Latin
 Ubbi dubbi
 Non sequiturs: a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement

Techniques that involve the formation of a name

 Ananym: a name with reversed letters of an existing name
 Aptronym: a name that aptly represents a person or character
 Charactonym: a name which suggests the personality traits of a fictional character
 Eponym: applying a person's name to a place
 Pseudonym: an artificial fictitious name, used as an alternative to one's legal name
 Sobriquet: a popularized nickname

Techniques that involves figure of speech
 Conversion (word formation): a transformation of a word of one word class into another word class
 Dysphemism: intentionally using a word or phrase with a harsher tone over one with a more polite tone
 Euphemism: intentionally using a word or phrase with a more polite tone over one with a harsher tone
 Kenning: circumlocution used in Old Norse and Icelandic poetry
 Paraprosdokian: a sentence whose latter part is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe the first

Others

 Aleatory
 Bushism
 Constrained writing
 Rebus
 Interlanguages, Mixed languages and Macaronic languages
 Sarcasm
 Tmesis

See also
 Figure of speech
 Logology
 Word game
 Word play
 Wit

List


Silk and Steel may refer to:
 Silk + Steel, a 1986 album by Giuffria
 Silk & Steel (Five Star album)
 A type of guitar string made by several manufacturers for acoustic steel string guitars. They are overwound steel strings with silk filaments running under the winding.


The interleukin 11 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin 11. It is a heterodimer composed of an interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit and an incompletely characterized beta subunit.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


Censeau () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Cernans () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Cerniébaud () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Evil Twin () is a 2007 South Korean horror film.
When an accident claims the life of a young girl, during the same incident her twin sister fell into a coma and awakens 10 years later. Many deaths follows her recovery, and she seemingly takes on her sister's personality traits.

Plot
The movie begins with a young woman being strangled by a man. The man strangling her is accusing her of murder. A series of flashbacks show two little girls playing on a bridge and falling into the water.

Three men are sitting and drinking, asking each other what they would do if they saw a ghost. Two of the men make fun of the third about his stuttering and cowardice. The stutterer says that they would be scared too if they met dead Hyo-jin. The third man makes an excuse and leaves. While walking home, he glances nervously at a bridge and pretends not to see it. He then sees a woman with long hair covering her face. Frightened, he attempts to pretend he doesn't see her either but the woman appears in front of him.

A young woman, So-yeon, wakes up from a creepy dream in the hospital, finding her mother beside her. The doctor informs them that she has lost her memories. So-yeon is taken home and pampered, tended to by a servant who tells her that she has been in a coma for ten years. So-yeon has a vision of drowning and develops chest pains after overhearing of a man drowned in a ditch. She goes directly to where the body was, arousing the curiosity of her servants. Far in the distance, she sees the body being carried away: the stuttering man from earlier.

The servants in the kitchen talk about So-yeon's twin sister Hyo-jin. When they were young, both girls fell off a bridge into the water. Hyo-jin drowned, while So-yeon went into a coma. Hyo-jin, was said to be her father's favorite while their mother had always favored the eldest, So-yeon. So-yeon was said to have been a nasty child and often bullied Hyo-jin.

Hearing about So-yeon's recovery, Hyun Sik, So-yeon's fiancé, is ordered by his mother to visit her. He is reluctant to see her as he was in love with Hyo-jin and was devastated by her death. Hyun Sik meets So-yeon, and she mentions that she remembers playing with him when they were kids. Hyun Sik also remembers that day. He was happily playing with Hyo-jin but So-yeon found them, becomes jealous and hit Hyo-jin, resulting in a scar. Angry at the memory, Hyun Sik walks away.

After a series of mysterious killings, it is revealed that the one killed in the water ten years ago was not Hyo-jin but So-yeon: the living twin is actually Hyo-jin. The secret was hidden by her mother, who had been telling the villagers that Hyo-jin was dead and the one alive was So-yeon, since she was her favorite. But the dreadful spirit of the real So-Yeon came back to take revenge. Facing the spirit of the real So-yeon, Hyo-jin and their mother run to the bridge, and Hyo-jin falls into the lake. The mother tries to save her, but she grabs the hand of So-yeon, and, finally seeing Hyo-jin, also grabs Hyo-jin's. Both beg their mother to save them. Hyo-jin tells her mother that she is okay, and the mother lets go of Hyo-jin's hand.  The mother then falls into the lake to embrace So-yeon's spirit who is finally comforted and persuaded to let go of her vengeance against Hyo-jin; the mother apologizes for being late as she and So-yeon sink to the bottom of the lake together. Hyun Sik runs to the bridge, presumably saving Hyo-jin. The film ends with Hyun Sik and Hyo-jin, probably married to each other, on the bridge.

Cast
 Park Shin-hye ... So-yeon/Hyo-jin
 Jae Hee ... Hyun-sik
 Yang Geum-seok ... So-yeon's mother
 Park Myeong-sin
 Yang Jin-woo
 Han Yeo-woon
 Bae Yoon-beom
 Jeong Sang-hoon
 Bang Eun-mi
 Choi Soo-han

References

 Lee Hyo-won (17 May 2008). ‘Evil Twin’: Return of Korean Horror. The Korea Times. Retrieved on 12 October 2008.
 Film: “The Hometown of Legends” . The Dong-A Ilbo (17 May 2007). Retrieved on 12 October 2008.
 Kim, Kyu Hyun. The Evil Twin. Koreanfilm.org. Retrieved on 12 October 2008.
 Mudge, James (22 September 2007). The Evil Twin (2007) Movie Review. BeyondHollywood.com. Retrieved on 12 October 2008.

External links
 Evil Twin at the Korean Movie Database
 Evil Twin at HanCinema

2007 films
South Korean horror films
2000s Korean-language films
2007 horror films
Twins in fiction
2000s South Korean films


Cernon () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Interleukin 12 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin 12. It consists of beta 1 and beta 2 subunits.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


Cesancey () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Cézia () is a former commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Hymetière-sur-Valouse.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Former communes of Jura (department)


Interleukin-15 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin-15. It consists of an interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit and shares common beta and gamma subunits with the IL-2 receptor.

References

External links

Type I cytokine receptors


Chaînée-des-Coupis () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Chambéria () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Chamblay () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

It is a secluded village close to Besançon and Dole. It is also close to the Swiss border.

Population

Sights
The Château de Clairvans is the major landmark in Chamblay. The château which is now a hotel was restored by Emine Karam in the 1920s.

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)
Jura communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chamole () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Champagne-sur-Loue (, literally Champagne on Loue) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Champagney may refer to three communes in France, in the region of Franche-Comté:
Champagney, Doubs
Champagney, Jura
Champagney, Haute-Saône


Champagney () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Minkowski content (named after Hermann Minkowski), or the boundary measure, of a set is a basic concept that uses concepts from geometry and measure theory to generalize the notions of length of a smooth curve in the plane, and area of a smooth surface in space, to arbitrary measurable sets.

It is typically applied to fractal boundaries of domains in the Euclidean space, but it can also be used in the context of general metric measure spaces.

It is related to, although different from, the Hausdorff measure.

Definition
For , and each integer m with , the m-dimensional upper Minkowski content is

and the m-dimensional lower Minkowski content is defined as

where  is the volume of the (n−m)-ball of radius r and  is an -dimensional Lebesgue measure.

If the upper and lower m-dimensional Minkowski content of A are equal, then their common value is called the Minkowski content Mm(A).

Properties
 The Minkowski content is (generally) not a measure.  In particular, the m-dimensional Minkowski content in Rn is not a measure unless m = 0, in which case it is the counting measure.  Indeed, clearly the Minkowski content assigns the same value to the set A as well as its closure.
 If A is a closed m-rectifiable set in Rn, given as the image of a bounded set from Rm under a Lipschitz function, then the m-dimensional Minkowski content of A exists, and is equal to the m-dimensional Hausdorff measure of A.

See also
 Gaussian isoperimetric inequality
 Geometric measure theory
 Isoperimetric inequality in higher dimensions
 Minkowski–Bouligand dimension

Footnotes

References
 .
 .

Measure theory
Geometry
Analytic geometry
Dimension theory
Dimension
Measures (measure theory)
Fractals
Hermann Minkowski