This is a list of airlines currently operating in Myanmar.

Scheduled airlines

Charter airlines

See also
 List of defunct airlines of Myanmar
 List of airports in Myanmar
 List of airlines

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20060209025331/http://www.yangonair.com/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20170406145458/http://www.jetradar-asia.com/

Airlines
Myanmar
Airlines
Myanmar


Yeung Kwo (; 1919 – 26 August 1956) was a member of the Malayan Communist Party. A Malayan of Chinese descent, he was appointed to the Central Executive Committee of the Malayan Communist Party (CPM) in 1946. He was an opponent of Lai Teck, the party's secretary general until 1947. He was elected as Deputy General Secretary in June 1947. While Chin Peng was abroad from July till August 1947, he became Acting General Secretary of the CPM. After Emergency was declared, he was based in Selangor, leading the Central Malayan Bureau and the South Malayan Bureau. While he was searching for food for the MNLA soldiers, he was ambushed and killed by British Security Forces on 26 August 1956 in Broga. He was succeeded by Lee An Tong.

References

Malaysian independence activists
Malaysian communists
1914 births
1956 deaths

Deaths by firearm in Malaysia
People shot dead by law enforcement officers


Hognestad may refer to:

Hans Peter Hognestad (1964–), Norwegian television producer
Helge Hognestad (1940–), Norwegian priest
Ivar Hognestad (1956–), Norwegian politician
Ivar Kristiansen Hognestad (1888–1973), Norwegian politician
Lars Hognestad (1968–), Norwegian television producer
Peter Hognestad (1866–1931), Norwegian bishop
Thoralf Hognestad (born 1962), Norwegian curler and coach
Tor Christian Hognestad (1943–), Norwegian visual artist


Samuel Alexander Adams (June 14, 1934 – October 10, 1988), known as Sam Adams, was an analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He is best known for his role in discovering that during the mid-1960s American military intelligence had underestimated the number of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army soldiers. Although his opinion was challenged, he pushed the case for a higher troop count. The issue under debate was called the Order of Battle (O/B). His efforts in 1967 met strong and persistent opposition from the Army (here MACV) which, in the short-term, prevailed against him.

Following his testimony for the defense during the 1973 prosecution of Daniel Ellsberg, Adams resigned from the CIA. In 1975 his critical article on Vietnam intelligence appeared in Harper's. He then testified before a House committee about the Viet Cong O/B. In 1982 he was a consultant for a CBS television documentary on Vietnam. Consequently, he was named as a co-defendant in a media-covered civil trial for libel, which was successfully defended. When he died, he was finishing his book about the CIA in Vietnam.

Family and education
Although he was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Adams was born into the prominent Adams family of Massachusetts. His father, Pierpont 'Pete' Adams, was a stockbroker and member of the New York Stock Exchange. Sam Adams attended St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts. He graduated in European history from Harvard College, class of 1955. After two years in the Navy, he attended Harvard Law School, then worked for a while in banking.

Career in the CIA
From 1963 to 1973 Sam Adams served in the CIA, mostly at its headquarters in Langley, Virginia. About the intelligence agency, he said, "I found to my astonishment that I really loved the place."

Africa division
Starting as an intelligence analyst at the Congo desk, in the CIA's new Africa Division, he read everything and talked to everybody, and "quickly became one of Washington's reigning authorities on the Congo". He wrote on its economy, but it was political turbulence in the newly independent state that drew world attention, including Cuban under Che. Adams later commented that "the Congo's problem" was "being both rich and weak at the same time."

Especially, it was for his coverage of the Simba rebellion that Adams won commendations. Although at first greeted with 'snickers' from intelligence agents at State, he successfully predicted the crisis appointment of Moise Tshombe by Joseph Kasavubu, then President of Congo. He briefed a high-level CIA conclave about the Simba and their invasion of the Congo from the east. The Simba reached Kisangani (then called Stanleyville), which prompted an intervention to rescue hostages. Tshombe was cheered "wherever he went". Adams won the esteem of analysts at CIA. As he later recalled, "It was terrific ... one of the high points of my life."

Far East division
In 1965 Adams transferred to the Vietnam desk, Southeast Asia Branch of the Far East Division. He read as background then-recent books by Võ Nguyên Giáp on the north's view of its earlier victory, People's War, People's Army, Bernard Fall on the French defeat, Street without Joy, and Joseph Buttinger's history of Vietnam, Smaller Dragon. His branch chief, Edward Hauck, when asked told Adams that the Vietnamese communists would probably outlast the Americans and, after 10 or 20 years, win the war.

Viet Cong motivation
In the role of a "generalist" and "roving analyst", Adams was assigned to study the Viet Cong. Its motivation and morale were his first objectives. Following his procedure per the Congo, he began assembling biographies of Viet Cong operatives, but stopped when told the names were all fake. He also netted little by reading captured documents in translation. He drew welcome information, however, out of statistics compiled in Saigon from the files of Chieu Hoi (South Vietnam's defector program).

Adams found VC defections per year were 10,000, and thus a 5% defection rate which was high, and rising. The statistics also showed an increase in VC killed, paralleling the higher defections. This information would counter the general CIA pessimism about the war. Yet feedback within his CIA office was ambiguous, noncommittal, cautious; they knew well enough the widespread evidence of the Viet Cong's growing success in the field, of its confidence and morale. His report "Viet Cong Morale: Possible Indicator of Downward Drift" was published, but with caveats in footnotes and distributed only within the CIA.

While in Vietnam, Adams got advice from a senior analyst. Accordingly, he inquired about VC desertions. A Rand Corporation office in Saigon was doing similar VC investigations; it was headed by Leon Gouré. He told Adams that VC deserters were seven times the number of VC defectors. This surprised and puzzled Adams, considering the math. Such a combined loss rate per year (10,000 defectors + 70,000 deserters), in addition to VC annual casualties (reported at 150,000), would severely reduce the Viet Cong's overall strength (which MACV's O/B put at 280,000). Yet the VC did not seem to be losing the war.

While doing this perplexing research, Adams discovered that in the provinces the ARVN's count of the VC guerrillas and militia was often much higher than MACV's, e.g., in Long An province it was 2000 to 160.  He got permission to "look into enemy manpower".

MACV's Combined Document Exploitation Center (CDEC) in Saigon had been publishing annotated versions of captured documents in its bulletins. "Bulletin 689" contained a single three-page document, "Recapitulated Report on the People's Warfare Movement from Bình Định Province". It listed VC troop counts for several types of guerrillas and militias, which all together totaled 50,244. In MACV's country-wide O/B for VC, of the 280,000 grand total, only 100,000 were guerrillas or militia. Adams asked, "Why should Bình Định—one of forty-four provinces–have half of them?"

Order of Battle

Adams assignment in motivation led to his work in estimating the number of VC guerrillas. From his research into captured enemy documents and other sources, he "concluded that previous estimates had undercounted the communists by hundreds of thousands. The implications were astounding." If the Viet Cong enemy combatant count was higher, it implied that the prospects for a South Vietnamese military victory were dimmed. It questioned American claims of progress on the battlefield. It would be "politically disastrous" for the U.S. government. This numbers dispute became known in military terms as the Order of Battle (O/B) controversy.

His findings, at first ignored, then challenged, after a heated struggle were not adopted. MACV forcefully insisted on its lower numbers, and the CIA in 1967, due to the domestic political environment, reluctantly agreed. Following the Tet offensive in early 1968, however, the controversy was revisited. The numbers of enemy combatants were raised to a higher count, more in accord with Adams' original conclusions.

Challenging the CIA
By then, Adams had resigned his Vietnam post and was doing CIA analysis of neighboring Cambodia. Yet he persisted in advancing the higher count of Viet Cong in the 'Order of Battle' controversy, despite the institutional fallout between CIA and MACV. He claimed that the CIA had compromised its integrity. He filed formal charges against DCI Richard Helms. He became notorious to many in the agency, and acquired a general reputation as a "gadfly, pariah and nemesis."

In 1969 Adams, fearing that his opponents would destroy them, secretly removed CIA files and documents which would support his case. He buried them in the woods near his  farm in rural Virginia. His 1973 testimony in federal court, where he restated his position on the 'Order of Battle' numbers, caused consternation at CIA. Following this trial, he retired from the agency.

In the media, and testimony
Outside the CIA Adams continued to advance the issues stemming from the 'Order of Battle' controversy. In particular, the tailoring of 'pure' intelligence in order to fit the political agenda of its primary consumers: the American government, and its chief executive.

Trial of Ellsberg and Russo
Adams appeared as a defense witness at the 1973 trial of Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony J. Russo. The case involved their role in the unauthorized publication of the top secret Pentagon Papers, a 47-volume, government-produced, secret history of the Vietnam War. The prosecution alleged felony violations of the Espionage Act of 1917, and of signed secrecy agreements. The charges involved disclosure of government secrets, yet not to foreign powers, but to American newspapers.

Adams testified concerning the military's false numbers for Viet Cong combatants. The undercounting had been deliberately adopted by the American intelligence community as official. His testimony was offered to show that supposed 'secret information' in the text of the Pentagon Papers contained in reality many fictions.

The trial was held at the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles. Eventually, citing the "totality" of government misconduct, Federal judge William Matthew Byrne Jr. dismissed all charges against Ellsberg and Russo.

Article on CIA in Harper's
Adams did additional research. Fearful that his opponents would destroy evidence, he had already removed files and documents from the CIA, hiding them on a farm in rural Virginia. He also scouted out former contacts and CIA employees in order to bolster his cause. After his resignation from the agency in 1973, he sought the support of other intelligence officials to prove that there was a Saigon cover-up. He detailed his allegations in an article sent to Harper's Magazine.
In 1975, in its May issue, Harper's published his article, "Vietnam Cover-Up: Playing war with numbers". Adams brought his cause to the public.

As a result of the 'cover-up' article, Adams was sought out for further comments.

House Intelligence Committee
Adams gave sworn testimony before the Pike Committee, of the House of Representatives. This committee was holding hearings during the latter half of 1975. Although it shed needed light on the secret operations of CIA, it also acquired controversy. His remarks were welcomed; Adams and the House Pike committee on intelligence reached similar conclusions.

CBS Vietnam documentary
In 1982 Adams provided critical evidence to CBS News reporters who made the documentary The Uncounted Enemy: A Vietnam Deception. He claimed U.S. Army General William C. Westmoreland had conspired to minimize reported enemy troop strength in 1967.

Westmoreland v. CBS
General Westmoreland in 1982 sued for libel against CBS News, and named as co-defendants the producer George Crile, correspondent Mike Wallace, and consultant Sam Adams. The case, Westmoreland v. CBS, went to trial but ended in a private, out-of-court settlement.

Adams testified "concerning the intelligence gathering and reporting of enemy strength." He told the court, "I believe there was a conspiracy. There was an attempt to do wrong with the numbers... .  I have always felt that what went on in the 1967–1968 period was a conspiracy." Adams also stated, "I do not believe Gen. Westmoreland communicated fully to Washington."

Also testifying at the 1984–1985 trial were several Army officers of MACV in the mid-1960s. Then Col. (later Gen.) Daniel O. Graham (chief of MACV intelligence estimates), Gen. Joseph A. McChristian (MACV intelligence), and Col. Gaines Hawkins (chief of MACV's O/B section). The MACV O/B ('Order of Battle') estimate was "undercut" by "latter admissions" at trial that

[The officers] had known at the time that General Westmoreland's insistence on an O/B total of no more than 300,000 was an artificial position dictated by political considerations, and that the true number of enemy forces had almost certainly been much higher.

After an 18-week trial, while the jury was beginning their deliberation, the parties negotiated and reached agreement. Evidently it was testimony "by his former chief of military intelligence" in Vietnam, which agreed more with Adams, that convinced Westmoreland to settle. The General received no money, but in a public statement each side expressed respect for the other.

The lawsuit ended in February 1985. In May 1993, Westmoreland appeared on NBC's The Today Show. He discussed the Vietnam War in 1967–68, and opined that the true calamity of the Tet Offensive was its surprise, because the public did not know the VC's real strength. "And if I had to do it over again, I would have called a press conference and made known to the media the intelligence we had."

War of Numbers
Adams worked on his revising his memoirs at his home in Vermont. The book was published posthumously.

Selected publications
Books
 War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir of the Vietnam War's Uncounted Enemy (1998). Steerforth; 1st edition
 War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir of the Vietnam War's Uncounted Enemy (1998). Steerforth; 1st edition

Death and legacy
Adams died of an apparent heart attack on October 10, 1988. He was married twice and had two sons.

The Sam Adams Award for integrity in intelligence, given since 2002, is named after Adams.

References

Bibliography
 Sam Adams, War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir (South Royalton, Vermont: Steerforth Press, 1994).
 George W. Allen, None So Blind. A personal account of the intelligence failure in Vietnam (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee 2001).
 Bob Brewin & Sydney Shaw, Vietnam on Trial. Westmoreland vs. CBS (New York: Athenaum 1987).
 Orrin DeForest & David Chanoff, Slow Burn. ... American intelligence in Vietnam (New York: Simon and Schuster 1990).
 Daniel Ellsberg, Secrets. A memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers (New York: Viking Penguin 2002, 2003).
 Harold P. Ford, CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three episodes 1962–1968 (CIA: Center for the Study of Intelligence 1998).
 Richard Helms, A Look over my Shoulder. A life in the Central Intelligence Agency (New York: Random House 2003).
 C. Michael Hiam, Who the Hell Are We Fighting? The Story of Sam Adams and the Vietnam intelligence wars. (Hanover: Steerforth 2006).
 Richard H. Immerman, The Hidden Hand. A brief history of the CIA (Chichester: Wiley Blackwell 2014).
 Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, The CIA and American Democracy (Yale University 1989).
 Stanley Karnow, Vietnam. A History. The first complete account of Vietnam at war (New York: Viking 1983).
 Andrew F. Krepinevich, The Army and Vietnam (Johns Hopkins University 1986).
 Mark M. Lowenthal, Intelligence. From secrets to policy (Washington: CQ Press 2d ed. 2003).
 Ralph McGehee, Deadly Deceits. My 25 years in the CIA (New York: Sheridan Square 1983).
 Robert S. McNamara, In Retrospect. The tragedy and lessons of Vietnam (New York: Times Books 1995).
 Douglas Pike, Viet Cong. The organization and techniques of the National Liberation Front of Vietnam (M.I.T. 1966).
 Thomas Powers, The Man who kept the Secrets. Richard Helms and the CIA (New York: Alfred A. Knopf 1979).
 John Prados, Vietnam. The history of an unwindable war, 1945–1975 (University of Kansas 2009).
 John Ranelagh, The Agency. The rise and decline of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster 1986).
 Neil Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie (New York: Random House 1988).
 Athan Theoharis, editor, The Central Intelligence Agency. Security under scrutiny (Westport: Greenwood Press 2006).
 Spencer C. Tucker, editor, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. A political, social, and military history (Oxford University 2000).
 Sam Adams, "Vietnam Cover-Up: Playing War with Numbers. A CIA conspiracy against its own intelligence", in Harper's, May, 1975. Accessed 2017-01-09.
 Robert Andersen, "Body Count of Lies. A CIA analyst's crusade against those who cooked the books in Vietnam", (Book review in Adams), in The Chicago Tribune, October 2, 1994. Accessed 2017-01-09.
 George C. Herring, "The Road to Tet", in The New York Times, 27 January 2017. Accessed 2017-01-27.
 Albin Krebs, "Samuel Adams, Ex-C.I.A. Officer and Libel Case Figure, Dies at 54" in The New York Times, October 11, 1988. Accessed 2016-03-20.
 Tom Mascaro, "The Uncounted Enemy. U.S. Documentary" at Museum of Broadcast Communications: Archives, Encyclopedia of Television. Accessed 2017-01-14.
 Thomas Powers, interviewed, "The Numbers Game. CIA analyst Sam Adams fought the intelligence establishment about its Vietnam policy like David fought Goliath", (Book Review of Adams), in The Atlantic, February, 1997. Accessed 2017-01-09.
 Eleanor Randolph, "Sam Adams' Vietnam Obsession", in The Washington Post, January 10, 1985. Accessed 2017-01-09.
 Robert Sinclair, "A Review of Who the Hell are we Fighting? The story of Sam Adams and the Vietnam intelligence wars. One intelligence analyst remembers another", (Book review of Hiam), in Studies in Intelligence, vol.50/4 (2006). Ac'd 2017-01-09.
 Times Wire Services, "Samuel A. Adams; Defendant in Gen. Westmoreland Libel Suit" in Los Angeles Times, October 13, 1988. Accessed 2017-01-10.

External links
  SAMUEL ADAMS: FROM C.I.A. ANALYST TO KEY FIGURE IN WESTMORELAND TRIAL

Analysts of the Central Intelligence Agency
CIA personnel of the Vietnam War
American whistleblowers
St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni
Harvard College alumni
Adams political family
1934 births
1988 deaths
Harvard Law School alumni


The Wee Kirk o' the Heather was a wedding chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada. The chapel opened in the early 1940s when Mrs. J Edwards Webb began performing wedding ceremonies the front room of a home that was built in the 1920s. The business was known as Webb’s Wedding Chapel, then as Wee Kirk o’ the Heather.

Wee Kirk was parodied as the Wee Kirk Of Auld Lang Syne in Evelyn Waugh's The Loved One, and mentioned in Thomas Pynchon's 2009 novel Inherent Vice (pg. 246).

The chapel was closed in 2020, and demolished October 3, 2020. At the time it closed, Wee Kirk claimed to be "the original wedding chapel in Las Vegas," was cited as the first and/or oldest chapel in Las Vegas. However, nearby Graceland Wedding Chapel, which began operating as McKee’s Wedding Chapel circa 1939, was verifiably older. The first stand-alone, dedicated wedding chapel in Las Vegas, was called "Wedding Chapel," which opened in 1933.

See also
List of wedding chapels in Las Vegas

References

External links

Churches in Nevada
Wedding chapels in the Las Vegas Valley


The Waikato Expressway is a dual carriageway section of  (SH 1) in New Zealand's Waikato region. Constructed in stages, it forms part of the link between Auckland and Hamilton. Currently stretching from Auckland to south of Cambridge, the first section of the highway was built in 1993. Throughout its lifetime, it has undergone many upgrades to optimise traffic flow throughout the Waikato region, including various bypasses of many towns in the region, culminating with Hamilton in 2022.

The final part of the Expressway was completed on 12 July 2022. The expressway forms a -long continuous four-lane dual carriageway from the Bombay Hills to beyond the town of Cambridge,  south-east of Hamilton. Hamilton, as well as several other towns along the current route of SH 1 (such as Huntly, Ngāruawāhia, and Cambridge), have been completely bypassed by the expressway, allowing through traffic to move much more efficiently.

History
While not officially designated as the Waikato Expressway until the early 2000s, the upgrading of SH 1 from the Bombay Hills to Mercer in 1992–93 can be considered the first step in construction of the expressway. In this upgrade, SH 1 from the end of the Southern Motorway to just north of Mercer was upgraded from two lanes to four, with grade-separated interchanges constructed at Bombay and the junction with SH 2 just north of the township of Pōkeno. A bypass of Pōkeno was also constructed at this time, as well as several partially separated interchanges to allow access for local property owners along the route.

The Rangiriri to Ohinewai section was completed in 2003. The northern half of this section follows the pre-existing highway while the southern half of this section deviates from the original highway in order to bypass Ohinewai and features a diamond interchange on Tahuna Rd.

The Mercer to Longswamp section from the Bombay Hills to Mercer was opened in July 2006. The former two-lane section of state highway is now the carriageway for northbound traffic, while a separate carriageway for southbound traffic was constructed in parallel. A grade-separated interchange at Mercer was also constructed, incorporating an overpass for the southbound lanes to cross over the North Island Main Trunk railway (NIMT) at this point.

As the two dual carriageway sections of the expressway (Bombay Hills to Longswamp and Rangiriri to Ohinewai) were not continuous, the section of highway between Longswamp and Rangiriri was upgraded to a 2+1 road in 2005 with the intention of upgrading it to four lanes later.

In 2009 the Waikato Expressway was announced by the Minister of Transport, Steven Joyce, as being one of seven "roads of national significance".

The $210m Mangaharakeke Drive section, originally known as the Te Rapa Bypass, was opened on 3 December 2012 between Horotiu and Rotokauri. Construction of the section of the expressway and Mangaharakeke Drive between Taupiri and Horotiu, bypassing Ngāruawāhia, began in late 2011 and was officially opened on 14 December 2013. It includes Te Rehu O Waikato Bridge over the Waikato River, and the , 4-span, concrete-steel composite NIMTR Bridge over the NIMT and Onion Road extension, at a skew angle of 61°, which used 800 tonnes of structural steel.

Following funding approval in December 2012 construction of the Rangiriri and Cambridge sections commenced in March and August 2013 respectively. The Cambridge section was opened officially on 15 December 2015 and to traffic the next day. The Rangiriri section mainline opened as a single carriageway on 21 June 2016, and became fully operational as a dual carriageway on 13 April 2017.

Construction of the Huntly section began in late August 2015. Construction of the Hamilton section, the longest stretch, commenced in March 2016. Construction of the Longswamp section, the last section to commence, began in October 2016 and it opened in December 2019.

In May 2017, the NZTA started consulting on a  extension of the expressway, from the current terminus at Cambridge south to the  intersection at Piarere.

In December 2017, the Cambridge section became one of the first two sections of highway in New Zealand to be given a speed limit of .

The final section, bypassing Hamilton, was opened formally on 12 July 2022 and to traffic on 14 July 2022. As of the completion of the final section, the resulting expressway is  in length. On the grand opening day for the final section, a celebration of the completion of the entire expressway project was held. Since 13 July 2022, the speed limit in the section between Hampton Downs and Tamahere has been .

Safety
On the  Cambridge section in the year following its opening, up to 50 serious crashes were avoided because of road safety barriers.

Economic benefits
A 2009 report for New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) concluded that the benefit cost ratio of the Expressway was 0.5, i.e. for every dollar of investment the return was 50 cents.

The figures were reworked in 2010 because "Infometrics original RoNS analysis and report was concluded in December 2009. Since this time, NZTA published an updated conventional evaluation of the Waikato Expressway. The materiality of the change to the Waikato Expressway assessment warranted an update and re-run of the CGE model." The re-run model shows benefits of $186.3m pa, against annual costs of $87.3m. However, this is based on a total cost for the road of $1454.4m, which omits land costs, "as from an economy-wide perspective this is merely a transfer of ownership of an existing asset". In June 2015 the NZTA estimated the total cost of the road at between $2,200m and $2,400m. A critic has said that the calculations do not take account of the costs of owning and operating a vehicle on the roads, nor rising fuel costs. In 2016 some MPs were concerned Auckland congestion would cut travel time savings and hence the cost-benefit ratio of 1.4:1. One MP commented that the alternative commuter train, with the same CBR, didn't "get a look in".

The benefits were calculated on what was said to be a conservative estimate of 18,000 vehicles saving 15 minutes per day at a cost of $25/ hour, giving a yearly benefit of around $40 million.

Future extension
In December 2020 the NZTA reported that an evaluation of extending the Waikato Expressway south of Cambridge  to the SH 1/SH 29 intersection at Piarere would be completed in 2021 but that there was as yet no funding for the project. The extension would bypass the existing highway around the shores of Lake Karapiro.

Exit list

|-

Mangaharakeke Drive (Te Rapa spur)

See also
List of motorways and expressways in New Zealand

References

External links
Official website
video of 10 min flyover of Hamilton bypass route in September 2017

Roads in New Zealand
Transport in Waikato
State Highway 1 (New Zealand)


Garth Walden (born 6 December 1981) is best known as a race driver in his native Australia. He is the son of well-known Sydney race specialist Brian Walden. He has raced in various classes, probably known for his V8 Supercar Season in 2004, driving a privately entered ex Glenn Seton Ford Falcon (AU) where he entered 6 events, qualifying for only 5 of them.

2006 saw him enter the Australian Formula 3 Championship but not start any races. 2007 and 2008 he raced in the Bathurst 12 Hour and 2007 Australian Production Car Championship finishing 8th.

2008 saw him attempt a return to V8 Supercar competition again with his father's Walden Motorsport team after being granted the 32nd licence. This failed to happen and the V8 Supercar plans evaporated. He made a one-off appearance's in the 2009 Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series at the final round in Homebush and 2014 Dunlop V8 Supercar Series at Winton. He moved to sports cars and has had some success in Radicals finishing second in the Supersports & Sports 1300 Interstate Challenge Australia in 2010. In 2016/17 he drove in the Porsche Carrera Cup Australia.

Career stats

Complete Supercar results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Super2 Series results
(key) (Round results only)

Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from the Mid North Coast
Racing drivers from New South Wales
Supercars Championship drivers
Australian Endurance Championship drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup Australia drivers
People from Port Macquarie


Nayden Zelenogorsky (born September 2, 1961) is a Bulgarian politician and former mayor of Pleven Municipality and a member of parliament.

References

1961 births
Living people
Bulgarian politicians
People from Pleven
University of National and World Economy alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)


Antigny is the name or part of the name of the following communes in France:

 Antigny, Vendée, in the Vendée department
 Antigny, Vienne, in the Vienne department
 Antigny-la-Ville, in the Côte-d'Or department


Antilly is the name of the following communes in France:

 Antilly, Moselle, in the Moselle department
 Antilly, Oise, in the Oise department


Antras may refer to:

Communes in France
 Antras, Ariège, in the Ariège department
 Antras, Gers, in the Gers department

People with the surname
Pol Antràs (born 1975), Catalan economist


David Hay Petrie (16 July 1895 – 30 July 1948) was a Scottish actor noted for playing eccentric characters, among them Quilp in The Old Curiosity Shop (1934), the McLaggen in The Ghost Goes West (1935) and Uncle Pumblechook in Great Expectations (1946).

Hay Petrie was born in Dundee, Angus, Scotland, where he went to Harris Academy. He later attended St Andrew's University, where he first discovered the stage. In 1915, he joined the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment) as a second lieutenant.

After the war, he studied with Rosina Filippi joining the Old Vic Company appearing as "Starveling" in A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1920. In 1924 Albert de Courville brought Hay Petrie into vaudeville with The Looking Glass, in which he sang "Oh Shakespeare you're the best of all but you can't fill the fourteen shilling stall". His first film part was Many Waters in 1931.

Hay Petrie struggled with alcoholism, but was much loved by audiences and players. He was never more at home than when he was playing parts from the classical theatre, and for many he was the Shakespearean Clown of the early 1920s.

He died in London in July 1948, aged 53.

Filmography

 Suspense (1930) as Scruffy (film debut)
 Night Birds (1931) as Scotty
 Many Waters (1931) as Director
 Carmen (1931) as Remenado
 Help Yourself (1932) as Sam Short
 The Lucky Number (1932) as The Photographer
 The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) as The King's Barber (uncredited)
 The Wandering Jew (1933) as Palermo Merchant (uncredited)
 Song of the Plough (1933) as Farmhand
 Crime on the Hill (1933) as Jevons
 Red Wagon (1933) as Minor Role (uncredited)
 Matinee Idol (1933) as Mr. Clappit
 Colonel Blood (1934) as Mr. Edwards
 The Queen's Affair (1934) as Revolutionary
 Nell Gwynn (1934) as French Ambassador (uncredited)
 The Private Life of Don Juan (1934) as Golden Pheasant Manager (uncredited)
 Blind Justice (1934) as Harry
 The Old Curiosity Shop (1934) as Quilp
 Peg of Old Drury (1935) as Mr. Rich
 The Loves of Madame Dubarry (1935) as Cascal
 Koenigsmark (1935) as Professor (uncredited)
 Moscow Nights (1935) as Spy
 The Ghost Goes West (1935) as The McLaggen
 Invitation to the Waltz (1935) as Periteau
 Forget Me Not (1936) as New York Theatre Manager
 Men of Yesterday (1936)
 The House of the Spaniard (1936) as Orlando
 Hearts of Humanity (1936) as Alf Hooper
 Rembrandt (1936) as Jeweller (uncredited)
 Treachery on the High Seas (1936) as Brainie
 Conquest of the Air (1936) as Tiberius Cavallo
 Secret Lives (1937) as Robert Pigeon
 Knight Without Armour (1937) as Station Master
 The Last Barricade (1938) as Captain MacTavish
 Keep Smiling (1938) as Jack
 A Spot of Bother (1938) as McTavish the Golf Club Official (uncredited)
 Q Planes (1939) as Stage Door Keeper
 Trunk Crime (1939) as Old Dan
 The Four Feathers (1939) as Mahdi Interpreter (uncredited)
 Jamaica Inn (1939) as Sam - Sir Humphrey's Groom
 The Spy in Black (1939) as Engineer
 Inquest (1939) as Norman Neale K.C.
 21 Days (1940) as Evan
 Contraband (1940) as Axel Skold/Erik Skold
 Crimes at the Dark House (1940) as Dr. Isidor Fosco
 Spy for a Day (1940) as Mr. Britt.
 Pastor Hall (1940) as Nazi Pastor
 Ten Days in Paris (1940) as Benoit
 Convoy (1940) as Minesweeper Skipper
 The Thief of Bagdad (1940) as Astrologer
 Freedom Radio (1941) as Sebastian
 The Ghost of St. Michael's (1941) as Procurator Fiscal
 Quiet Wedding (1941) as Railway Porter (uncredited)
 Spellbound (1941) as Mr. Cathcart
 Turned Out Nice Again (1941) as Drunk (uncredited)
 Cottage to Let (1941) as Dr. Truscott
 Rush Hour (1941, Short) as Bus Conductor (uncredited)
 This Was Paris (1942) as Popinard, Amusement Park Owner
 One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1942) as The Burgomaster
 Hard Steel (1942) as Mr. Kissack
 They Flew Alone (1942) as Old General
 Those Kids from Town (1942) as Ted Roberts
 Sabotage at Sea (1942) as Talkative sailor at table
 The Great Mr. Handel (1942) as Phineas
 Escape to Danger (1943) (uncredited)
 Schweik's New Adventures (1943) as Gestapo man at inn
 They Met in the Dark (1943) as Waiter (uncredited)
 The Shipbuilders (1943) as Worker in Pagan's Office (uncredited)
 Battle for Music (1943) as Official Receiver
 On Approval (1944) as Hotelkeeper
 A Canterbury Tale (1944) as Woodcock
 Kiss the Bride Goodbye (1945) as Fraser
 For You Alone (1945) as Sir Henry Markham (uncredited)
 Waltz Time (1945) as Minister of War
 The Voice Within (1946) as Fair Owner
 Night Boat to Dublin (1946) as Station Master
 Under New Management (1946) as The Bridegroom
 The Laughing Lady (1946) as Tom
 Great Expectations (1946) as Uncle Pumblechook
 The Red Shoes (1948) as Boisson
 The Dark Road (1948)
 The Fallen Idol (1948) as Clock Winder
 Noose (1948) as Barber
 The Guinea Pig (1948) as Peck
 The Monkey's Paw (1948) as Grimshaw, Curio Shopkeeper
 The Queen of Spades (1949) as Herman's servant (final film)

References

External links

1895 births
1948 deaths
Scottish male film actors
20th-century Scottish male actors
Male actors from Dundee
People educated at Harris Academy
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Scots officers


Eryngium castrense is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name Great Valley eryngo, or Great Valley button celery. This plant is endemic to California, where it grows in wet areas such as vernal pools and ponds in the central part of the state. This is a heavily branched, spiny perennial herb reaching maximum heights of around half a meter. It produces light green to grayish green hairless stems with occasional lobed, oval-shaped leaves. At the tops of the stems are flower heads one to one and a half centimeters wide and rounded or egg-shaped. At the base of each head is an array of 7 to 9 spiny, pointed bracts up to three centimeters long, and sometimes a few smaller bractlets above. The rounded flower head contains many small white to light purple flowers.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile
Photo gallery

castrense
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Buckeye Local School District may refer to:

Buckeye Local School District (Ashtabula County), Ashtabula County, Ohio
Buckeye Central Local School District, Crawford County, Ohio
Buckeye Valley Local School District, Delaware County, Ohio
Buckeye Local School District (Jefferson County), Jefferson County, Ohio
Buckeye Local School District (Medina County), Medina County, Ohio


Arguel is the name of the following communes in France:

 Arguel, Doubs, in the Doubs department
 Arguel, Somme, in the Somme department


The following is a list of female agents who served in the field for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II. SOE's objectives were to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe (and later, also in occupied Southeast Asia) against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. Most of SOE's female agents worked in France.

In 1981, the official historian of the SOE, Michael R. D. Foot, said that the staff of SOE consisted of about 10,000 men and 3,000 women.  Of that number, "A few highly accomplished and gallant [women] were agents operating in France or Yugoslavia."  Foot cautioned that "On these few there is a large popular literature, almost all of it worthless and much of it about the wrong people."  The declassification of SOE documents beginning in the 1990s permitted more accurate assessments of agents and their accomplishments.

Female SOE F Section agents in France
Estimates of the number of F Section female agents vary. Thirty-nine female SOE agents were trained in Britain. The following list of forty-one agents is taken from M.R.D. Foot, the official historian of the SOE, with two additions: Madeleine Barclay who served (and died) on a ship contracted to SOE and Sonia Olschanezky, a locally-recruited courier who was executed. Of the forty-one SOE F section female agents listed, a few served in France for as much as two years, most for only a few months.  Twenty-five of them survived World War II. Twelve were executed by the Germans, one died when her ship was sunk, two died of disease while imprisoned, and one died of natural causes.  Female agents ranged in age from 20 to 53 years.

Most SOE agents were sent to France as part of a network or circuit of three persons consisting of an "organiser" who was the leader of the team, a wireless operator, and a courier.  Women were most often employed as couriers as they could travel more easily than men who were regarded with suspicion and might be impressed as labourers.  Pearl Witherington was the only woman to officially head an SOE network in France, although others fulfilled that role on occasion.

In addition to this list of female F Section agents in France, eleven women agents of the RF section of SOE were sent to France in 1944. The RF section was under the direction of  Charles de Gaulle's Free French Government in exile with SOE lending logistical support and financial assistance. Conversely, F section worked with all factions of the French Resistance although leery of assistance to communists.

Source: Foot, M. R. D. (1966), SOE in France, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, pp. 465–469.

Female SOE agents in other countries

Key

See also
 List of SOE Agents
 SOE F Section networks
 Timeline of SOE's Prosper Network

References

Lists of women by occupation
World War II-related lists
Women in war
Ministry of Economic Warfare


This is a list of the appearance leaders in men's rugby union test matches, listing the 92 players with over one hundred test caps. Rugby union requires only one nation to recognise a match as a test in order for it to be included in test statistics for that nation. The British and Irish Lions and Pacific Islanders do not represent a single country, but they are selected by a group of national unions and are recognised as test teams. Some national teams have sometimes granted test caps for matches against teams such as the invitational Barbarians side; these are included only if the union granted test caps for a particular match.

List

Notes

See also
 List of leading rugby union test try scorers
 List of leading rugby union test point scorers
 List of leading international rugby union drop goal scorers
 International rugby union player records

References

External links
Scrum.com

Caps
Caps


WCTH (100.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Plantation Key, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area.  The station is currently owned by Robert Holladay, through licensee Florida Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from Westwood One.

On January 25, 2008, it was announced that WCTH was one of several Clear Channel radio stations to be sold, in order to remain under the ownership caps following the sale of Clear Channel to private investors. Until it was sold, WCTH and other stations to be sold were placed into the Aloha Stations Trust.

The trust sold WCTH and three sister stations to Robert Holladay's Florida Keys Media, LLC for $650,000; the transaction was consummated February 28, 2014.

References

External links

CTH
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1969
1969 establishments in Florida


The Penn State–West Virginia football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Penn State Nittany Lions and West Virginia Mountaineers. Penn State leads the series 49–9–2.

Penn State and West Virginia have met 60 times, the third-highest number of meetings for a Nittany Lion opponent, trailing only Pitt (100) and Syracuse (71). The Nittany Lions and Mountaineers first met in 1904 and played every season from 1947 to 1992 (46 games), with the series ending in 1993 after Penn State and West Virginia joined the Big Ten and Big East Conferences, respectively.

Series history
In 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, and 1909, West Virginia went to State College to face Penn State. They were shut out each time. They met again at Yankee Stadium in 1923. The result was a 13–13 tie.

In 1925, the first game in Morgantown took place. It was also West Virginia's first win, 14–0. The next game was also played at Morgantown in 1931, resulting in another Mountaineer victory. The next game was played at Penn State in 1940, a Nittany Lion victory. In 1941, the Lions won again 7–0.

In 1942, West Virginia won at home 24–0. Penn State won in 1943 32–7, but West Virginia won 28–27 at home in 1944. Penn State won the next six.

In 1953 and 1954, West Virginia upset Penn State at New Beaver Field 20–19 and 19–14. In 1955 West Virginia won at home 21–7. From 1956–83, Penn State went 27–0–1. They had consecutive victories over some of West Virginia's greatest quarterbacks, such as Oliver Luck and Penn State-transfer Jeff Hostetler. Joe Paterno also became coach of Penn State in 1967, while Don Nehlen became West Virginia's coach in 1980.

In 1984, West Virginia won for the first time since 1955 in Morgantown, with a 17–14 upset. However, Penn State won the next three. In 1988, under Major Harris' lead, West Virginia won 51–30, en route to an undefeated regular season, making them the only team to score more than 50 points on any Joe Paterno coached Penn State squad. Penn State followed up by winning the last four.

The schools announced on September 19, 2013, that they would renew the series with two games in 2023 and 2024, one each in State College and Morgantown.

Game results

See also
 List of NCAA college football rivalry games

References

College football rivalries in the United States
Penn State Nittany Lions football
West Virginia Mountaineers football
1904 establishments in Pennsylvania


A frontispiece in books is a decorative or informative illustration facing a book's title page, usually on the left-hand, or verso, page opposite the right-hand, or recto page of a book. In some ancient editions or in modern luxury editions the frontispiece features thematic or allegorical elements, in others is the author's portrait that appears as the frontispiece. In medieval illuminated manuscripts, a presentation miniature showing the book or text being presented (by whom and to whom varies) was often used as a frontispiece.

Etymology
The word comes from the French frontispice, which derives from the late Latin frontispicium, composed of the Latin frons ('forehead') and specere ('to look at'). It was synonymous with 'metoposcopy'. In English, it was originally used as an architectural term, referring to the decorative facade of a building. In the 17th century, in other languages as in Italian, the term came to refer to the title page of a book, which at the time was often decorated with intricate engravings that borrowed stylistic elements from architecture, such as columns and pediments.

Over the course of the 17th century, the title page of a book came to be accompanied by an illustration on the facing page (known in Italian as antiporta), so that in English the term took on the meaning it retains today as early as 1682. By then, the English spelling had also morphed, by way of folk etymology, from 'frontispice' to 'frontispiece' ('front' + 'piece').

Examples

See also
Book design
Shamsa

References

External links

Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on book frontispieces

Illustration
Book design
Book terminology
Typography


WKYZ (101.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult album alternative format. Licensed to Key Colony Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area.  The station is currently owned by Keys Media Company, Inc.

History

The station went on the air as WKKB on May 11, 1989.  On November 2, 1998, the station changed its call sign to the current WKYZ.  It has broadcast a classic rock format in the past. On May 1, 2009, WKYZ returned to the air (after two months of silence) with talk, simulcasting WFFG 1300 AM Marathon, Florida. On August 7, 2011, the simulcast with WFFG ended and the station adopted a AAA format with the branding "The New Pirate Radio 101.7 FM".

References

External links

KYZ
Radio stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Florida


WKLG (102.1 FM, "Star 102.1") is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary music format. Licensed to Rock Harbor, Florida, the station serves the upper Florida Keys and southern Miami-Dade area.  The station is currently owned by WKLG, Inc.

References

External links

KLG
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States


Arry is the name of the following communes in France:

 Arry, Moselle, in the Moselle department
 Arry, Somme, in the Somme department

'Arry is also a nickname, an example of H dropping in the name Harry. Those with such a nickname include:
 Harry Redknapp, former English footballer and football manager
 Harry Potter, the main character of the Harry Potter series, by the Delacour family.


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for video albums consisting of more than one song or track and is awarded to artists, video directors and/or producers of at least 51% of the total playing time. If the work is a tribute or collection of live performances, the award is presented only to the directors or producers.

The accolade for Best Long Form Music Video was first presented at the 7th Latin Grammy Awards in 2006 as a tie between Spanish recording artists Bebo and Cigala for their album Blanco y Negro En Vivo (2005) and Café Tacuba for their live album Un Viaje (2005). Three recipients of the award won with a MTV Unplugged release; Ricky Martin (2006), Julieta Venegas (2007) and Juanes (2012). Mexican singer Natalia Lafourcade holds the record of most wins in the category with three (2013, 2017, 2022).

Winners and nominees

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year.
 Showing the name of the performer and the nominated album

References
General

Specific

External links

Official website of the Latin Grammy Awards

Awards established in 2006
Long Form Music Video


WPIK (102.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Summerland Key, Florida, United States. The station serves the Florida Keys area. The station is currently owned by Magnum Broadcasting, Inc.

On September 29, 2020, WPIK returned to the air with conservative talk, branded as "Keys Talk 96.9/102.5", simulcasting WKEZ-FM 96.9 Tavernier.

Previous logo

References

External links

PIK
Talk radio stations in the United States


Asques is the name of the following communes in France:

 Asques, Gironde, in the Gironde department
 Asques, Tarn-et-Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department

See also
 Asque


WFKZ (103.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format which is also simulcasted on 99.5 WAIL which is licensed to Key West, Florida. Licensed to Plantation Key, Florida, United States, the station serves the Florida Keys area.  The station is currently owned by Robert Holladay, through licensee Florida Keys Media, LLC, and features programming from AP Radio.

On January 25, 2008, it was announced that WFKZ was one of several Clear Channel radio stations to be sold, in order to remain under the ownership caps following the sale of Clear Channel to private investors. Until it was sold, WFKZ and other stations, to be sold, were placed into the Aloha Stations Trust.

The trust sold WFKZ and three sister stations to Robert Holladay's Florida Keys Media, LLC for $650,000; the transaction was consummated February 28, 2014.

References

External links

FKZ
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
1984 establishments in Florida
Radio stations established in 1984


One hundred and twelve Guggenheim Fellowships were awarded in 1948. Twenty-five of the artists and scholars were from California, the most from any state.

1948 U.S. and Canadian Fellows

1948 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows

See also
 Guggenheim Fellowship
 List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1947
 List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1949

References

1948
1948 awards


Stepanos Orbelian (, originally spelled ;  – 1303) was a thirteenth-century Armenian historian and the metropolitan bishop of the province of Syunik. He is known for writing his well-researched History of the Province of Syunik.

Biography
Stepanos Orbelian was a member of the Orbelian princely family which ruled Armenia's province of Syunik. The exact year of his birth is unknown, but he is thought to have been born sometime between 1250 and 1260. He received an excellent clerical education and was ordained as a celibate priest in 1280/81. In 1285/6, Stepanos's father Tarsayich Orbelian became the prince of Syunik and sent him to the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, where he was hosted at the court of King Levon III for three months. He was consecrated metropolitan bishop of Syunik by the newly elected Catholicos Constantine II on Easter in 1286 and returned to Syunik in 1287. After an extended struggle with the rebellious clergy of Syunik, Stepanos was able to assert his authority over the prelacies of Tatev and Noravank and began the renovation of many ruined churches and monasteries in his diocese. He oversaw the completion of the famous monasterial complex of Tatev in 1297 and supported the continued activity of the University of Gladzor. Stepanos led the eastern Armenian clergy in opposing the Latinophile policies of Catholicos Grigor VII. He died in 1303/4 and was buried in the Orbelians' family mausoleum at Noravank Monastery.

Works
Orbelian is known to have completed three works during his lifetime: the History of the Province of Syunik (Patmutʻiwn Nahangin Sisakan) in 1297; the Lament on Behalf of the Cathedral (Voghb i dimatsʻ surb Katʻoghikēin), where he calls on the Armenians to repopulate historic Armenia, which was under Mongol rule at the time, in 1300; and the Argument Against Dyophysitism (Hakacharut'iun unndem yerkabnakats'''), in 1302, a work criticizing the pro-Byzantine and Westernizing tendencies of Grigor VII Anavarzetsi of Cilicia.

Of the three, the most prominent is that on the history of Syunik and the Orbelian family. Before he began writing it, he conducted an extensive amount of research, utilizing a wide variety of sources derived from speeches, letters, colophons, previous histories and chronicles by Armenian historians, as well as works by Georgian authors. Like other Armenian historians and chroniclers, Orbelian's work briefly narrates the beginning of the world starting with Adam and Eve, but then moves on to tell Syunik's and Armenia's history, spanning from the time of king Tiridates I to the end of the thirteenth century. Orbelian's work is especially valuable as it contains many previously unknown details about the province and Armenian history. In 1864 and 1866, Orbelian's History of the Province of Syunik'' was translated into French (with excerpts translated into Georgian and Russian) by orientalist Marie-Félicité Brosset. A translation into modern Armenian was published by linguist Ashot Abrahamyan in 1986. Robert Bedrosian published an English translation of Orbelian's history in 2012. A Russian translation of the history by Margarita Darbinyan was published in 2020.

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 English translation of History of the Province of Syunik by Robert Bedrosian
 French translation of History of the Province of Syunik by Marie-Félicité Brosset

14th-century Armenian historians
Year of birth uncertain
1305 deaths
13th-century Armenian historians
Stepanos


Port Taranaki is a port complex located in New Plymouth, New Zealand.  It is the only deep water port on the west coast of New Zealand, and is owned by the  Taranaki Regional Council.  The port handles a wide range of coastal and international cargoes, mostly relating to the farming, engineering and petrochemical industries.

Adjacent features include the city of New Plymouth, the New Plymouth Power Station and the Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area (SLIMPA).

History

The port was established in 1875, and construction of the main breakwater began in 1881 with Frederic Carrington ceremoniously laying the first stone.

In 2007, Port Taranaki became the first port in New Zealand to receive official recognition for its harbour safety management systems.

In 2013, the port purchased most of the site of the decommissioned New Plymouth Power Station. This site is adjacent to the port and provided an additional 18 ha of land.

In 2016, the port became the first port in New Zealand to be smoke free.

References

External links

Taranaki port
New Plymouth
Buildings and structures in New Plymouth
1875 establishments in New Zealand
Port operating companies


Leo Smit (January 12, 1921 – December 12, 1999) was an American composer and pianist.

Life
Leo Smit was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a child his mother took him to  the Soviet Union where he studied with the composer Dmitri Kabalevsky. He later studied piano in New York   with Isabella Vengerova and José Iturbi  and composition with Nicolas Nabokov.  While working as George Balanchine's rehearsal pianist, he met Igor Stravinsky.

He often gave thematic recitals – sometimes illustrated with his own slides – and performed a great deal of new music, especially works by  Aaron Copland. His breakthrough as a composer came in 1957, when the Boston Symphony Orchestra played his  First Symphony. In that year he moved to Los Angeles to teach at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 1962 he taught at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He wrote two operas: The Alchemy of Love (1969), in collaboration with the British astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle, with whom he also worked on an oratorio about Copernicus; and Magic Water (1978). Later in his life, he composed nearly 100 songs to texts by  Emily Dickinson.

He was also a  talented photographer, taking many pictures of notable musicians.
He died in Encinitas, California, at the age of 78, of congestive heart failure.

Awards
1950 Guggenheim Fellowship
1973 Rome Prize

References

External links
 Leo Smit Photograph Collection from the University at Buffalo Libraries
 Biographical essay by Neil W. Levin from the Milken Archive of Jewish Music
 Interview with Leo Smit, November 5, 1986
 , WNCN-FM, 25-Dec-1981

1921 births
1999 deaths
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century classical composers
Musicians from Philadelphia
20th-century American photographers
American people of Dutch descent
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male musicians
American expatriates in the Soviet Union


Aubiac is the name of the following communes in France:

 Aubiac, Gironde, in the Gironde department
 Aubiac, Lot-et-Garonne, in the Lot-et-Garonne department


Jean Buttner was the Chairman of the Board, President, CEO, and COO of Value Line, Inc. and Arnold Bernhard & Co., Inc.  Buttner had held these positions since 1986. She was forced to step down and relinquish all executive titles with Value Line and its family of mutual funds by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2009 as part of a settlement to avoid litigation.

She also serves as a Trustee of Skidmore College. Buttner studied at Emma Willard School.

References

External links

American financial businesspeople
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American chief operating officers
American women chief executives
Emma Willard School alumni
21st-century American women


Richard Lambert Rundles (June 3, 1981 – December 16, 2019) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher who played for the Cleveland Indians in 2008 and 2009. From 1999 to 2012, Rundles played in minor league baseball with the Boston Red Sox, Montreal Expos, Washington Nationals, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Mets, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles organizations.

Through 836 minor-league innings, Rundles compiled a 3.39 ERA. A pitcher with good control, he was a third-round draft pick out of high school in 1999. As a starter in Class A ball a year later, he walked 13 while striking out 114 in 132 innings. Various injuries stalled his development until signing with the Indians as a minor-league free agent in January 2007. The Tribe moved Rundles to the bullpen in an attempt to avoid his durability issues.

Sent to the Double-A Akron Aeros in 2007, Rundles went 3-0 with a 1.83 ERA and two saves in 23 games, 21 of which were out of the bullpen. That earned him his first call to Triple-A, where he was 2-4 with a 2.70 ERA in 17 relief outings at Buffalo. Rundles then went to the 2007 Arizona Fall League to continue his transition to relief. He allowed one run in 8 innings (1.04 ERA) over eight outings.

On July 2, , Rundles was named to the 2008 Triple-A All-Star Game as the lone representative of the Buffalo Bisons . He was called up to the majors on September 1, , and made his debut on September 3, walking the only batter he faced.

During his stint in the majors, Rundles had a total of 6 strikeouts, 2 walks, and gave up 1 earned run through 4 innings of work from the bullpen. Rundles appeared in 7 games for the Tribe that season, compiling a 2.08 ERA.

Rundles was then returned to the Triple-A Columbus Clippers on March 15, 2009.

Rundles was released by the St. Louis Cardinals organization on May 31, 2011.

On June 7, 2012, the Baltimore Orioles purchased Rundles contract from the Lancaster Barnstormers. The Orioles released him in April 2013.

In 9 MLB games, Rundles worked 6 innings and allowed 6 hits and 4 walks while striking out 7 batters. He had a lifetime 1.50 ERA and a 1.667 WHIP.

He served as a pitching coach for the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball from 2014-2016 and for the University of West Alabama baseball team.

Rundles died on December 16, 2019, from natural causes at the age of 38.

References

External links

1981 births
2019 deaths
Baseball players from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Baseball coaches from Tennessee
Baseball players from Tennessee
Major League Baseball pitchers
Cleveland Indians players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Clinton LumberKings players
Augusta GreenJackets players
Brevard County Manatees players
Harrisburg Senators players
Binghamton Mets players
St. Lucie Mets players
Springfield Cardinals players
Akron Aeros players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Columbus Clippers players
Memphis Redbirds players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Norfolk Tides players
Surprise Rafters players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Minor league baseball coaches
West Alabama Tigers baseball coaches


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for vocal or instrumental merengue house, R&B, reggaeton and rap music albums containing at least 51 percent playing time of newly recorded material. The award was first presented as the Best Rap/Hip-Hop Album until it received its current name, Best Urban Music Album, at the 5th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony in 2004.

The accolade for Best Urban Music Album was first presented to the Argentine band Sindicato Argentino del Hip Hop at the second Latin Grammy Awards in 2001 for their album Un Paso a la Eternidad. In 2009, the Puerto Rican duo Calle 13 became the first urban act to be presented with Best Urban Music Album and Album of the Year for their album Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo (2008).

Residente is the most awarded artist in this category, with five; one solo and four as part of Calle 13. In 2013, Mala Rodríguez became the first female artist and the first Spanish artist to win the award. Puerto Rican singers Tito "El Bambino" and Ivy Queen are tied with the most nominations without a win, with three each.

Winners and nominees

See also
Grammy Award for Best Música Urbana Album
Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Rhythm Album of the Year
Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year.
 The name of the performer and the nominated album

References

External links
Official website of the Latin Grammy Awards

Awards established in 2001
Urban Music Album


Jesus Gil Abreu (September 1, 1823 – June 30, 1900) was an American rancher and pioneer who owned a New Mexico ranch that now comprises Philmont Scout Ranch.

Early years
He was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico. His father was on the staff of New Mexico Governor Albino Pérez and was killed along with the governor during the Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico).

After the revolt, he headed east on the Santa Fe Trail where he worked for Kansas City, Missouri founder John Calvin McCoy at Westport, Kansas City and Independence, Missouri.

Mexican–American War
During the Mexican–American War in 1845, he was engaged by a sutler to be an interpreter for the United States Army. When the troops were dispatched to Santa Fe, Ceran St. Vrain dispatched Abreu in advance to buy up the goods of competing sutlers for St. Vrain so it could enjoy a monopoly with the United States.

Abreu worked in a store for St. Vrain in Santa Fe, and worked as an interpreter for the United States and in the winter of 1848–49 delivered the U.S. mail between Santa Fe and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas (a process which took 40 days).

California Gold Rush
During the California Gold Rush he traveled to California in 1850–51.

Return to New Mexico
When he returned to New Mexico, he worked for Joseph Pley, a partner of Lucien B. Maxwell who, after marrying the daughter of Carlos Beaubien, had become the owner of the million-acre Maxwell Land Grant.

He at first worked in Mora, New Mexico and then at the Maxwell store in Rayado.

Ranch
On November 26, 1859, he married Petrita Beaubien, another daughter of Beaubien. In 1862, he acquired  of the land grant for his Abreu Ranch.

A history of New Mexico described the ranch house as "one of the most picturesque and attractive in New Mexico and is the scene of a most generous hospitality."

The family sold most of the ranch in 1911 after his death and was bought by Waite Phillips in the 1920s, who was to donate  to the Boy Scouts of America in 1938.

References

1823 births
1900 deaths
People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
Ranchers from New Mexico
Philmont Scout Ranch


LFD may refer to:
Large format display, a flat-screen television used for advertising signage
 Lateral flow device (or test), in medicine
 Lingfield railway station, Surrey, England
 , a French school in India
 , a French school in Djibouti


Aucamville is the name of the following communes in France:

 Aucamville, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
 Aucamville, Tarn-et-Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department


The Canberra Balloon Spectacular, formerly known as Canberra Balloon Festival, is an annual hot air balloon festival that takes place at the lawns of the old Parliament House in Canberra, Australia. Each year in March, approximately 50 hot air balloons launch daily at dawn over the two week festival from the forecourt of Old Parliament House and float over Canberra, in honor of the 20th anniversary of LTBIA.

Some of the unusual balloons that have participated in the festival over the years include a pair of dancing honey bees, Vincent Van Gogh's head, a windmill, a tropical tree, a turtle, the Skywhale, a Scottish bagpiper, a hummingbird and a frog. The event is complete with on site entertainment, activities and food and drink.

References

Hot air balloon festivals
Events in Canberra
Recurring events established in 1987
1987 establishments in Australia
Annual events in Australia
Festivals in Australian Capital Territory
Sports festivals in Australia
Autumn events in Australia


Jeffrey Allen Stevens (born September 5, 1983) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who is currently an area scout for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball.  During his active career, he worked in 33 MLB games pitched, all in relief, for the 2009–2011 Chicago Cubs.  He threw and batted right-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Early life

Stevens was born in Berkeley, California. He graduated from Campolindo High School in Moraga, California.

College

Stevens started, and relieved at Loyola Marymount College in Los Angeles, California from 2003-05. While at LMU, Stevens recorded back-to-back All-Conference honors in 2004 and 2005.  Over his three-year stint as an LMU Lion, Stevens recorded a 14-10 record with a 4.43 ERA in 64 appearances, 30 of them starts.

Stevens was drafted by the Reds in the sixth round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft.

Professional career

Stevens made his professional debut with the Billings Mustangs in 2005, going 4-4 with a 2.98 ERA.

Stevens started 2006 with the Single-A Dayton Dragons. He was traded to the Cleveland Indians as the player to be named later in the Brandon Phillips trade. He was assigned to Single-A Lake County Captains where he spent the remainder of the 2006 season.

In 2007, Stevens was moved to the bullpen and began the year with the Kinston Indians. He was 3-2 with a 2.31 ERA, with 37 strikeouts in 35 innings pitched for Kinston. He was promoted to Double-A Akron Aeros where he was 3-1 with a 3.17 ERA and 2 saves in 34 games.

Stevens began the  campaign with the Aeros. After going 5-1 with a 2.51 ERA, he earned a promotion to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was 0-2 with a 4.00 ERA when his season ended as a result of being named to the US Olympic Baseball Team to play in Beijing.

In December 2008, Stevens was traded from the Cleveland Indians to the Chicago Cubs in a deal for Mark DeRosa.

On July 10, 2009 Stevens made his Major League debut for the Chicago Cubs.  Stevens had a 1-2-3 MLB debut, getting Joe Thurston, Chris Duncan and Brendan Ryan in order in the 9th inning of an 8-3 loss to the Cardinals. He was optioned back to the minor leagues on August 5, 2009 when Aaron Miles was activated from the 15-day disabled list.

He was designated for assignment by the Cubs on May 30, 2011.

Stevens signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets on January 4, 2012. Stevens spent most of the year with Triple-A Buffalo, going 1-1 with a 3.32 ERA in 34 games, finishing 12 of them, while striking out 33 in 40.2 innings.

On November 22, 2012, Stevens signed a minor league deal with the organization he started it all with, the Cincinnati Reds. He was then released on March 24.

Stevens signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the independent Atlantic League for the 2013 season. In 47 games with Southern Maryland, he went 4-3 with 14 games finished and a 3.98 ERA, striking out 43 in 61 innings.  He then retired from the field, and the Orioles named Stevens an area scout in Nevada and Northern California in February 2014.

2008 Beijing Olympics

With the score tied at 7, Lee Taek-Keun advanced to third base when Stevens attempted to pick him off at first, but threw the ball erratically. This was scored as an error. It was a costly one as the batter then hit a sacrifice fly and Lee scored, winning the game for Korea.

References

External links

Jeff Stevens at Baseball Almanac

1983 births
Living people
Akron Aeros players
Baltimore Orioles scouts
Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Baseball players from Berkeley, California
Billings Mustangs players
Binghamton Mets players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago Cubs players
Dayton Dragons players
Iowa Cubs players
Kinston Indians players
Lake County Captains players
Loyola Marymount Lions baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in baseball
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs players
Tennessee Smokies players
People from Moraga, California
Baseball players from Contra Costa County, California


Emmanuel Episcopal Church is a church in the North Side neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Located at 957 West North Avenue at the corner of Allegheny Avenue, its 1886 building is known for its architectural features and was one of the last designs by Henry Hobson Richardson. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000. An active parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh, it is known for offering a Sunday evening service of Jazz Vespers.

Though brick was selected for reasons of economy, the brickwork is one of the church's most striking features.  Unlike most of Richardson's buildings, Emmanuel Episcopal's wall surfaces have fairly plain surfaces.  They do not have a rough surface, moldings, belt courses or other projections to break up the planes or produce shadow lines, though the bricks do project from the main wall surface just below the eave line in two steps of different dimension to give a pleasing string course effect.  Stone is used only as sills for the windows, and springing from the three entrance arches and where the foundation is exposed.

This simplicity is relieved, in part, by patterning the brickwork.  Of particular note, the repetitive triangular pattern at the roofline is called “mousetooth.”  The brick patterning gives the impression of finely woven fabric.  The sharply incised windows and doors produce dramatic voids.

One of the best-known features of Emmanuel Episcopal Church is a mistake. The lower section of the western wall is intended to slope inward as it rises—an architectural feature called battering. Instead, the wall bows outward, a shape it began to take shortly after construction.  Richardson having died a month after the building's dedication, the church hired his former employees, Longfellow, Alden & Harlow, to fix the problem. They were unable to pinpoint the cause.  However, when the firm added the parish house to the far side of the church, the wall's slope stopped increasing.

History

In 1867, Emmanuel Episcopal Church began as a mission fulfilling the need for a Sunday school for the children of English workmen.
At first it met in homes and then in rented rooms. Membership grew to 76 people in 1868 when they received a church charter. The next year they built a frame church.

By 1875, the area became fashionable and the frame church became too small. The building committee was formed in 1882 with Postmaster Malcolm Hay as chairman. The land for the new church was purchased for $750 in 1883. H. H. Richardson was selected as the architect at the same time he was designing Pittsburgh's Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail in January 1884. Richardson's original plans were for a stone building of about the same size as the present church, but with central-tower theme, similar to the Trinity Church in Boston. The cost estimate of $25,000 was too high, and the congregation rejected the plans. The new budget was $12,000 and plans for the smaller brick church were approved.

The church was erected in 1884–1886 by Henry Shenk, and dedicated in March 1886.

Over the next 20 years, the neighborhood became much less fashionable, larger mansions were torn down, and new houses were built for the working class. Due to the financial straits of the congregation, the church was not renovated for many years.

Architecture
The church is one of the finest later works of H.H. Richardson. The simple design gives vitality via the delicate brick detailing and the laminated truss system. The building is a one-story, simple rectangle with semicircular apse at one end with overall dimensions of 49' 4" x 100' 0". The walls are of red brick with several subtle patterns, the richest being on the gable end. The semicircular apse continues around the exterior wall at the other end of the building. The battered bases continue the line of the roof slope. Bands of vertical brick, or soldier's course, run across at the top and bottom of the windows, and the brick at the edge of the gables are at right angles to the slope.

The roof has a steep gable covered by slate with a molded copper ridge plate. The steep roof descends to low sidewalls. The cornice has a three-course corbel at the eaves. Three low dormers protrude about one-third up the gable roof on the east and west elevations.

The entrance facade is on the north side with an unadorned high gable and subtly patterned brickwork. There are three low wide arches with the center being the largest. The front façade contains three arched windows made of Tiffany glass above the entrance doors, taller in proportion than the entrance arches. There is a slot window in the center of the third level with a flat brick arch. Stone steps lead to the large arched wood double doors painted red with large elaborate black iron hinges.

The interior is rectangular in plan with a center aisle. The semicircular apse at the south end of the building is partially cut off from the nave by banks of organ pipes at either side. A narrow rectangular open narthex at the north end with a small enclosed winder stair on the west wall leads to the balcony. The narthex is 10' x 44'8"; the nave is 60'6" x 44'8"; and the apse has a 22'4" radius.

The walls have marble reredos, made by Leake and Greene of Pittsburgh, with bands of mosaic in the chancel.  In the nave, the walls are random-width beaded-board wainscoting with chair rail. Above the chair rail, pink plaster rises up to the heavily molded wood cornice. The wood-truss system is exposed to the ceiling.

The side windows contain Romanesque stained glass, and Tiffany glass is in the triple window in the entrance gable. The floors are modern vinyl tile in the nave and marble in the chancel. In the 1998 restoration, the oak and ash furniture was removed, cleaned, and returned. A  brass cross, given by Bishop Cortlandt Whitehead in August 1886 is still on the altar, and the brass eagle lectern made by Gorham in New York is still in place. The baptismal font and cover are original.

References

External links

National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Churches in Pittsburgh
Episcopal churches in Pennsylvania
Churches completed in 1886
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Henry Hobson Richardson church buildings
Romanesque Revival church buildings in Pennsylvania
Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
City of Pittsburgh historic designations
Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh


The Nippon Music Foundation (NMF) is an organisation under the supervision of the Arts and Culture Promotion Division, Agency for Cultural Affairs, a special body of the Japanese Ministry of Education. Established 3 March 1972, its stated purpose is to develop international networks of music and foster public interest in music.

Instruments
NMF has in its endowment one of the largest collections of antique instruments made by luthier Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737), with an additional two by Giuseppe Guarneri (1698-1744).

Guarneri del Gesù
Violin
1736 Muntz
1740 Ysaÿe

Stradivarius
Cello
1696 Aylesford
1730 Feuermann; De Munck; Gardiner
1736 Paganini; Ladenburg

Viola
1731 Paganini; Mendelssohn

Violin
1680 Paganini; Desaint
1702 Lord Newlands
1706 Dragonetti
1708 Huggins
1709 Engleman
1710 Duc de Camposelice
1714 Dolphin; Delfino
1715 Joachim-Aranyi
1716 Otto Booth
1717 Sasserno
1722 Jupiter; ex-Goding
1725 Wilhelmj
1727 Paganini; Conte Cozio di Salabue
1736 Muntz

See also
 List of Stradivarius instruments

References

External links
Nippon Music Foundation website

Arts organizations established in 1972
1972 establishments in Japan
Arts in Japan
Music organizations based in Japan
Foundations based in Japan
Japanese music


Aureilhan is the name of the following communes in France:

 Aureilhan, Landes, in the Landes department
 Aureilhan, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department


Birchy may refer to:

 Birchy Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Birchy Cove, settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador
 Birchy, alternate name of Birchville, California


In mathematics, a Kline sphere characterization, named after John Robert Kline, is a topological characterization of a two-dimensional sphere in terms of what sort of subset separates it.  Its proof was one of the first notable accomplishments of R. H. Bing;  Bing gave an alternate proof using brick partitioning in his paper Complementary domains of continuous curves

A simple closed curve in a two-dimensional sphere (for instance, its equator) separates the sphere into two pieces upon removal.  If one removes a pair of points from a sphere, however, the remainder is connected.  Kline's sphere characterization states that the converse is true:  If a nondegenerate locally connected metric continuum is separated by any simple closed curve but by no pair of points, then it is a two-dimensional sphere.

References

Bing, R. H., The Kline sphere characterization problem, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 52  (1946), 644–653.

Theorems in topology
Topology


Shalamar Hospital, established in 1982 and named after the historical Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, is a non-profit hospital located on Shalimar Link Road, Lahore in Shalimar Town. It was founded in 1982 by a Pakistani businessman Chaudhry Ahmad Mukhtar and his family.

Besides the endowment fund, it also depends on donations and grants from other private sources in Pakistan.

Features
 Accident, Emergency and Trauma Department
 Audiometry
 Blood Bank
 Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Center
 Cafeterias
 Catheterization Laboratory
 Chest Clinic and Spirometry Center
 Coronary Care Unit
 Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic (SIDER)
 Dialysis Center
 Dispensary
 Echo cardiography
 Electro encephalography (EEG)
 ERCP and MRCP
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
 Fertility Clinic
 Forensics Laboratory
 General Operation Theater (10 rooms)
 Cystoscopic Urologic Surgery
 Endoscopic Surgery
 Laparoscopic Surgery
 General Medical, Pediatric and Surgical Wards
 Intensive Care Unit
 IT Laboratory
 Labor Room
 Library
 Medical Laboratory
 Nursery and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
 Obesity Center
 Optometry
 Pain Clinic
 Pathology Laboratory
 Pharmacy
 Physiotherapy clinic
 Private Rooms
 Radiology Center
 CT Scan
 Doppler Scans
 Fluoroscopy
 Mammography
 MRI Scan
 Waste Disposal Center

Departments
 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
 Department of Audiology
 Department of Cardiology
 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
 Department of Clinical Pathology and Hematology
 Department of Community Medicine
 Department of Dentistry
 Department of Dermatology
 Department of ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)
 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
 Department of Internal Medicine
 Endocrinology Division
 Gastroentrology and Hepatology Division
 Infectious Diseases Division
 Neurology Division
 Pulmonology Division
 Rheumatology Division
 Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis
 Department of Ophthalmology
 Department of Orthopedics
 Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology
 Department of Physiotherapy
 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
 Department of Psychiatry
 Department of Radiology
 Department of Surgery
 Bariatric Surgery Division
 Department of Urology

World Diabetes Day
In November 2016, a free medical camp, a seminar and a walk were conducted at the Shalamar Hospital on the 'World Diabetes Day'. 300 patients were examined by the hospital doctors and cholesterol, blood sugar (HbA1c) tests were done free of cost since it is a charitable hospital. These 300 patients were also provided with free medicines.

References

External links

Hospital buildings completed in 1982
Hospitals in Lahore
Hospitals established in 1982
Teaching hospitals in Pakistan
1982 establishments in Pakistan


Deacon Tehanakore Manu (born 18 February 1979 in New Plymouth, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-born retired Fijian rugby union footballer. He played as a prop for the Scarlets in the Pro12, having signed from the Chiefs in 2006.

He was also the head coach of Hong Kong Cricket Club in the HKRFU Premiership, and is now a Physical Education teacher with ACS (International) in Singapore.

Career

Playing
Born in New Plymouth, Taranaki, Manu began his rugby career with Waikato, the province immediately to the north of Taranaki. He made his debut for Waikato in 1999, playing against a Japanese XV. He made a further 65 appearances for Waikato during his time there. In 2001, he was selected for the Waikato Chiefs Super 12 squad. He made his debut for the Chiefs in their opening game of the 2001 Super 12 season, a 42–23 loss to the Waratahs. Manu played for the Chiefs for a further five years before being signed by the Welsh club Scarlets in the summer of 2006. He made his competitive debut for the Scarlets on 8 September 2006, coming on as a 29th-minute substitute for John Davies in a 31–17 victory over the Glasgow Warriors.

Manu has international experience playing for the New Zealand Māori, having played against the British & Irish Lions during their 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand. He has also played for the New Zealand Universities and New Zealand Under 21s.

In the lead-up to the 2007 Rugby World Cup, Manu expressed his availability for selection to the Fijian selectors. Although he had played all of his representative rugby for New Zealand teams up to that point, Manu was eligible for Fiji through his Fijian mother. Manu made his debut for Fiji in 2009 against Scotland and captained Fiji in their game against Australia in June 2010. He later returned for the 2010 end of year tour and was handed the captaincy of the Fiji team again. He later captained the side in the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He last represented Fiji on 17 November 2012 against the Ireland Wolfhounds.

Coaching
On 28 April 2014, Manu announced that he would retire at the end of the 2013-14 European season, and take up the role of Head Coach for Hong Kong Cricket Club, which is a rugby union club that plays in the HKRFU Premiership.

In January 2020, Manu joined Dragons Rugby Club, which plays in the Junior Rugby Clubs Singapore conference, as a head coach.

In March 2020, Manu was appointed by ACS (International) to a PE maternity leave position

In August 2021, Manu was appointed a role as a coach in the Dulwich College Singapore staff.

Personal life
Deacon Manu is married and has 3 children. He is a Christian

References

External links
Profile at scarlets.co.uk
Profile at allblacks.com
Profile at twitter.com

1979 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union coaches
New Zealand rugby union players
Fiji international rugby union players
Rugby union props
Scarlets players
People educated at Francis Douglas Memorial College
Rugby union players from New Plymouth
Māori All Blacks players
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Wales
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Wales
New Zealand people of I-Taukei Fijian descent
2011 Rugby World Cup players


Eryngium constancei is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name Loch Lomond button celery, or Loch Lomond coyote thistle. It is endemic to California, where it is known from only three occurrences north of the San Francisco Bay Area. One of the populations is at the Loch Lomond Vernal Pool Ecological Reserve at Loch Lomond in Lake County. The plant appears mainly in vernal pools. It is endangered on the state and federal levels.

Description
This is a hairy, somewhat fleshy, perennial herb growing branching stems to 20 or 30 centimeters in height. Dark green, narrowly spade-shaped leaves grow on long petioles and may grow erect with the stems or lie flat along the ground. They may have smooth to toothed to sharply serrated edges.

Flower heads are less than a centimeter wide with a few longer, straight, sharp bracts around the base. The tiny flowers packed into the rounded head are generally white. This plant is threatened by destruction of its fragile vernal pool habitat by a number of causes, including sediment-rich runoff into the pools from logging activity, erosion, development, and off-road vehicles.

External links
 Calflora Database: Eryngium constancei (Loch Lomond button celery,  Loch Lomond eryngo)
Jepson eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Eryngium constancei
USDA Plants Profile for Eryngium constancei (Loch Lomond eryngo)
Center for Plant Conservation.org Profile
UC CalPhotos gallery of Eryngium constancei (Loch Lomond eryngo)

constancei
Endemic flora of California
Critically endangered flora of California


Aurensan is the name of the following communes in France:

 Aurensan, Gers, in the Gers department
 Aurensan, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department


Enrique Colom Costa (August 6, 1941) is a Spanish-born naturalised Chilean Catholic priest and theologian.

Biography
Enrique Colom was born in Alicante, Spain on 6 August 1941. He is an industrial engineer (1965) from the Technical University of Madrid, and a doctor in industrial engineering (1971) from the Universidad Politécnica de Barcelona (nowadays Polytechnic University of Catalonia).

He was ordained priest of the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, on 4 August 1974.

The following year, he obtained the Doctorate in Theology in the University of Navarra.

He was among the professors who began, in 1984, the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, where he taught Moral Theology from 1985 to 2011. During his years at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross he served as Dean of the Theology Department and Director of Studies.

He was appointed an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas in 2002, a Consultor of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace in 2003, and a counselor of the Apostolic Penitentiary in 2010.

Colom is an author of several books on Moral Theology and Catholic social teaching. He also contributed as an editor to the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church. Together with Bishop Giampaolo Crepaldi, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, he was coordinator of Dictionary of the Social Doctrine of the Church, which has been described as a "common spelling book" in the face of "illiteracy on the basic categories of the social doctrine of the Church."

Colom was a member of the Scientific Committee of the International Observatory Card. Van Thuân which promotes the social doctrine of the Church at an international level.

In 2011 he moved from Italy to Chile and started a collaboration with the University of the Andes, Chile.

He is a naturalised Chilean.

Works

 Dios y el obrar humano, Pamplona: Eunsa, 1976, 202 pp. (“Colección Teológica” n. 15)
 P. Baran-P. Sweez y: la economía política del crecimiento y el capital monopolista, Madrid: Emesa, 1979 220 pp. (“Colección Crítica Filosófica” n. 27).
 El trabajo en Juan Pablo II, Madrid: Unión Editorial, 1995, 117 pp. (in contribution with F. Wurmser).
 Chiesa e società, Roma: Armando, 1996, 416 pp. (Collana Studi di Teologia, 2).
 Santità cristiana e carità politica, Ed. Eco, S. Gabriele-Colledara 1999, pp. 242.
 Scelti in Cristo per essere santi, Apollinare Studi, Roma 1999, pp. 396 (in contribution with A. Rodríguez Luño). 2nd ed.: 2002 (pp. 337). 3d ed.: 2003 (pp. 425).
 Elegidos en Cristo para ser santos, Palabra, Madrid 2001, pp. 515 (is a new edition of the precedent book, with some changes).
 Curso de Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, Palabra, Madrid 2001, pp. 299. 2ª ed. Updated: 2006.
 Dizionario di dottrina sociale della Chiesa, LAS, Roma 2005, pp. 839 (in contribution with G. Crepaldi).

Colom wrote some articles about Moral Theology and the Catholic social teaching in "Scripta Theologica" (Pamplona), "Gran Enciclopedia Rialp" (Madrid), "Annales Theologici" (Roma), "Filosofar Cristiano" (Córdoba, Argentina) and "Tierra Nueva" (Bogotá), among others.

He also collaborated in numerous works such as:

 La misión del laico en la Iglesia y en el mundo, Eunsa, Pamplona 1987.
 La pace: sfida all'Università Cattolica, Herder-Fiuc, Roma 1988.
 Persona, verità e morale, Città Nuova, Roma 1988.
 Teologia e scienze nel mondo contemporaneo, Massimo, Milano 1989.
 Estudios sobre la Encíclica “Sollicitudo rei socialis”, Unión Editorial, Madrid 1990.
 Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y realidad socio-económica, Eunsa, Pamplona 1991.
 Estudios sobre la Encíclica “Centesimus annus”, Unión Editorial, Madrid 1992.
 Etica e poetica in Karol Wojtyla, S.E.I., Torino 1997.
 El cristiano en el mundo, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 2003.
 Per un umanesimo degno dell’amore: il “Compendio della dottrina sociale della Chiesa”, LAS, Roma 2005
 Teologia ed etica politica, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 2005.

References

Other resources
Cardinal Van Thuan Observatory
Curriculum Vitae at the Universitat Abat Oliba CEU
Interview on St. Josemaria Escriva and on Social Doctrine
Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

1941 births
Spanish male writers
20th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
Opus Dei members
21st-century Chilean Roman Catholic priests
Polytechnic University of Madrid alumni
University of Navarra alumni
Living people
Academic staff of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Song is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for new songs that contain at least 51% of the lyrics in Spanish or Portuguese. The accolade is awarded to the songwriter(s) of said song. Instrumental recordings and cover songs are not eligible for the category.

The award was first presented to Puerto Rican musicians Eduardo Cabra and René Pérez of the duo Calle 13 in 2007. The award has been presented three times to Puerto Rican songwriters and once to a Panamian, Spaniard and Argentine songwriter in 2008, 2010, and 2011 respectively. The only songwriter to receive this award in more than one occasion is René Pérez. In 2010, Spanish rapper La Mala Rodríguez became the first female artist to win in this field. Daddy Yankee holds the record of most nominations in general and most nominations without a win with eight. Also, he is the only artist who has been nominated every year since the category's inception (except in 2014). In 2014, "Bailando" by Enrique Iglesias featuring Descemer Bueno & Gente De Zona became the first urban song to win this award and Song of the Year.

Recipients

All-time table

See also

Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Rhythm Airplay Song of the Year
Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Song of the Year

References

External links
Official website of the Latin Grammy Awards

Song awards
Awards established in 2007
Urban Song
Songwriting awards


Auterive is the name of the following communes in France:

 Auterive, Haute-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department
 Auterive, Gers, in the Gers department
 Auterive, Tarn-et-Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department


Lynn Rippelmeyer is the first woman to fly the Boeing 747, the first woman to captain a 747 trans-oceanic, part of the first all-female crew, and first flight attendant to become an airline pilot. In retirement, she authored two books to chronicle her aviation journey - Life Takes Wings and Life Takes Flight and founded the nonprofit, ROSE - Roatan Support Effort.

Rippelmeyer became the first woman to fly the 747 as a first officer for Seaboard World Airlines in 1980–1981. Seaboard World merged with Flying Tiger Line in 1980.  Rippelmeyer became the first woman to captain the "jumbo jet" on a transoceanic flight while at People Express Airlines in 1984. She started her aviation career as a TWA flight attendant in 1972 before obtaining a departmental transfer as a TWA B-727 flight engineer in 1978.

She was first officer on the first all-female crew for a scheduled commercial US carrier with Captain Emilie Jones, flying an Air Illinois, DHC-6 Twin Otter, 30 December 1977. This event was featured in the PBS documentary series We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry on Jan 8, 2019. In 1983 at People Express, Rippelmeyer was a co-captain on the first all female Boeing 737 crew. People Express merged with Continental which later merged with United Airlines.  At United, she trained on the B-787 Dreamliner before retiring in 2013.

Captain Rippelmeyer's uniforms were placed in the Smithsonian Institution, the San Diego Air and Space Museum, TWA's historical uniform display at the JFK airport's TWA Flight Center, and also in the Monroe County Historical Museum. She was named a Woman of the Year in England (1984), inducted into the International Forest of Friendship by Betty Gillies, a WWII WASP and original 99; mentioned in Who's Who of American Women 1983–1984, and was featured in a BBC documentary, Reaching for the Skies Episode: 2 "The Adventure of Flight",, now available on You Tube.

Early life

Rippelmeyer was born and raised on a farm in Valmeyer, Illinois. She attended University of Illinois to earn a teaching degree in English worked as a student teacher in a Chicago inner-city school. Rippelmeyer began her career in aviation as a TWA flight attendant in 1972. Her interest in flying took hold when friends who were flight instructors offered lessons in a Piper J-3 Cub seaplane in Vermont. She obtained her required certificates and training at Tamiami Airport in Miami where she worked as a flight instructor and charter pilot.

Career

While working for TWA as a flight attendant part time and as a flight instructor/charter pilot, she was hired by Air Illinois in 1977 as a Twin Otter DHC-6 First Officer. She was initially told she would not be allowed to fly with Capt. Emilie Jones. However, due to inclement weather and the inability of the designated flight crew to make it to the airport on December 30, 1977, Rippelmeyer and Captain Jones were permitted to fly the scheduled turboprop commuter plane under the condition that the passengers were not made aware the pilots were both women. This was the first all-female crew of a scheduled flight in the United States.

In 1984, Rippelmeyer became the first woman to captain a Boeing 747 across an ocean. Prior to this milestone, Rippelmeyer had been involved with transatlantic flights as a flight attendant and as a B-747 pilot for the cargo airline, Seaboard World Airlines in 1980–1981. The 1984 People Express flight was the first time a woman held the reins as Captain of this flight. Rippelmeyer acknowledged that the departure from Newark, New Jersey was uneventful.  However, upon arrival in England, she was welcomed by reporters, magazine writers, and photographers due to the rarity of female pilots. Photos from this event were shared among newspapers across the world. Captain Rippelmeyer is the first American to have received this honor.

Retirement
In retirement, Rippelmeyer authored two books about her career in aviation. Life Takes Wings: Lessons Learned from the World's First Female 747 Pilot and Life Takes Flight: Inspiration from the World's First Female 747 Pilot. She is a public speaker, giving keynote addresses and presentations.

Rippelmeyer founded the non-profit organization ROSE (ROatan Support Effort) in September 2017. She sought to bring hope of a better life to the people of Roatan, Honduras. Earlier, Rippelmeyer flew daily commercial flights into Tegucigalpa, Honduras.  Passengers often included missionaries and medical teams.  She became friends with some people in Roatan, who were creating and supporting health care clinics, schools, sports programs and an animal shelter.  After witnessing the island's needs, she began bringing supplies in on her flights, during her days off and while on vacation.  ROSE helps to collect, transport and deliver donated supplies to qualifying local non-governmental organizations, groups and programs which provide medical, dental & vision health care, education and meals.

As of 2023, Rippelmeyer lives near Houston, Texas.

References

External links

 Gant, Kelli (June 2001). "Women in Aviation" (PDF). Flight Attendant News: pg11-12.

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women aviators
21st-century American women