Elderly Instruments is a musical instrument retailer in Lansing, Michigan, United States, with a reputation as a "megastore", a repair shop and a locus for folk music including bluegrass and "twang". Specializing in fretted instruments, including acoustic and electric guitars, banjos, mandolins, and ukuleles, Elderly maintains a selection of odd or rare instruments. Elderly is known as a premier repair shop for fretted instruments, as one of the larger vintage instrument dealers in the United States, and as a major dealer of Martin guitars in particular.

Industry publications, music retail trade, and bluegrass music journals have featured articles about the Elderly repair staff. The company also provides consignment services for rare and vintage instruments.  Since its founding in 1972, Elderly has undergone two major expansions: into mail order in 1975 and then into Internet sales in the 1990s. In 2005 it was the subject of a lawsuit by Gibson Guitar Corporation concerning trademark infringement. Today it is recognized internationally for its services and products; its mail order and Internet business account for 65–70 percent of its total revenue.  Elderly grossed $12 million in 1999, and by 2007 was grossing $17 million annually.

In addition to retail and repair services, Elderly Instruments is noted as a center of local music culture for bluegrass and "twang" music.  Elderly Instruments operates a wholesale record distribution business, Sidestreet Distributing, in the lower level of its complex, serving more than 300 small retail businesses.

History

In 1969, New York City native Stan Werbin moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan to attend graduate school. He took his banjo and guitar with him and immediately developed his interest in folk music. Werbin participated in a lively local music scene that included collaborations and "open mic nights" at local venues. It was through those experiences that Werbin developed his appreciation for the variety of instruments the musicians were playing, as well as the various types of music that fall under the folk music genre.

When Werbin finished graduate school, he looked for business opportunities and decided to use his knowledge of used guitars. He searched for vintage instruments to buy at low prices, particularly those made before World War II; Werbin then sold the instruments after repairing and restoring them. Although he initially tried to open his business in Ann Arbor, Werbin eventually decided to avoid operating there due to the high number of other musical instrument dealers. In 1972, Werbin and Sharon McInturff, his college friend and business partner, leased retail space in East Lansing, Michigan for $60 a month in a building that also housed the Michigan Youth Politics Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to encouraging young adults to vote. With $500 of capital, the two began advertising locally.  Werbin and McInturff took the "Elderly" name from a 1971 classified ad they saw, in which the seller marketed his Gibson Les Paul as a "nice, elderly instrument".

Elderly Instruments expanded during the following years. Shortly after the 1972 United States Presidential election, the Michigan Youth Politics Institute moved out of the space across the hall, and Elderly took over the entire basement of the building.  In 1975, it expanded into the mail order business. By 1982, Elderly Instruments had about 25 employees but little available space, and so in the following year the owners bought an Independent Order of Odd Fellows building in Lansing, Michigan. After it was renovated for retail use, the company moved into it in January 1984, and in 1986 Werbin bought out McInturff to become the sole owner. In 1994, Elderly expanded again by buying adjacent building space that had once been a post office and a National Cash Register Company building. Around the same time, it began taking merchandise orders over its new web site. The company does not, however, sell merchandise through online auction sites such as eBay, unlike many other independent musical instrument retailers. Werbin notes that entering the Internet business was not much of a challenge for Elderly, as the staff was already experienced at taking and shipping orders for customers throughout the world. He also notes that, with its mail order and Internet business accounting for 65–70 percent of its total revenue, Elderly would have experienced limited growth in Lansing had it not expanded into those markets. The company operates in around 35,000 ft² (3,300 m²) of space, and is one of the largest vintage instruments dealers in the United States.

Elderly Instruments has become known due to its attention to folk music niche markets (Eddie Collins of Bluegrass Now remarked "The roots of what today has become perhaps the world's most well known music store for acoustic instruments can be traced directly to the folk music boom of the 1960s."), its reputation as a repair shop, its selection of vintage instruments, and its position as a major Martin guitar dealer.

In May 2010, an Elderly manager told the publication TWICE that economic recession had affected the business and forced layoffs of part-time employees, and that Elderly's being in Michigan worsened the effects. He noted that as the consumer electronics business began to recover, the musical instrument business followed.

Gibson Guitar Corporation lawsuit
In June 2005, Gibson Guitar Corporation filed a cease and desist order and an accompanying lawsuit against Elderly Instruments.  The complaint alleged that Elderly was selling a banjo on its web site marketed as a "Gibson copy" and that the phrase constituted a trademark infringement.  Despite Elderly's claim of having addressed the issue by changing the phrase first to "Famous Maker Copy" and then to "Classic Bluegrass Banjo Copy", Gibson persisted with the complaint and asked for unspecified damages.  Gibson later issued a press release stating that the lawsuit had been settled.

In the same year, Gibson severed its contract with Elderly as a retailer of Gibson products, citing a contract stipulation that retailers should not carry any competing brands of banjos and mandolins.  Elderly had been one of nine retailers selling the specialized Gibson Bluegrass line of banjos and mandolins, although it also carried other brands.  Werbin attempted to rectify the situation by offering a dedicated area of the store for Gibson products, but Gibson proceeded with the action.  As a result, Elderly does not offer new Gibson products for sale.  The incident was well-publicized in the media and discussed at length in consumer forums.

Instrument sales

In 2007, Elderly sold more than 16,000 instruments. The company is a  dealer of Martin guitars, as well as other mainstream brands such as Guild and Fender. It sells used Gibson instruments, but not new models as a result of the Gibson lawsuit. Although the bulk of its business comes from guitar sales, the company carries a range of other instruments, such as banjos, ukuleles, mandolins, accordions, concertinas, bouzoukis, sitars, musical saws, and African thumb pianos. Some of the rarer instruments are purchased as collectibles. Elderly is an exclusive retailer of "LunchBox-A-LeLes", ukuleles made from various tin lunch box designs. The journal Bluegrass Unlimited has noted Elderly Instruments for carrying "elite" brands of instruments, such as Paul Duff mandolins, Huss & Dalton acoustic guitars, Stelling banjos, and Nash electric guitars. Elderly was once one of only two American retailers for Apitius Mandolins, now only sold directly. As part of its consignment business, Elderly sells "collections" of instruments that sometimes have rich histories. In September 2006, it placed the Dopyera family's personal collection of resonator instruments up for sale, including some of the Dobro and National brands. The Dopyera family was responsible for founding those companies and innovating the resonator instrument trade.

Elderly Instruments carries a number of Martin guitars, including valuable vintage models. In interviews, Werbin frequently mentions Martins made before World War II as especially desirable and "memorable" pieces of the Elderly Instruments inventory. The guitars are sought after by musicians from the bluegrass and other genres. Werbin purchases some of the more valuable or interesting instruments for his personal collection, and has lent them to museums as temporary exhibits.

Periodicals for the bluegrass genre such as Bluegrass Canada and Bluegrass Now have featured stories about Elderly and its selection of bluegrass instruments and repair services. Elderly employees maintain connections with the bluegrass industry by attending trade shows such as the International Bluegrass Association Trade Show in Louisville, Kentucky. At these shows, Elderly showcases typical bluegrass instruments, such as banjos, guitars, mandolins, fiddles and resophonic guitars, to musicians and businesspeople. Elderly Instruments staff members have set up organizations such as the "Friends of Bluegrass" to support local bluegrass musicians.

Michigan Living magazine noted Elderly's liberal policy regarding the handling of instruments, something Werbin attributes to his difficulty shopping for Martin guitars in New York City in the 1960s. The magazine also notes that customers are encouraged to pick up and play any instrument, an unusual policy for a high-end instrument retailer. Impromptu "jam sessions" are frequent in the store, as customers try out guitars.

Repair and appraisals
The repair shop occupies about 3,000 ft² (280 m²) of space in the Elderly building. A number of notable guitarists have sent their instruments to Elderly for complete restoration or other major work such as refinishing and refretting.  Elderly's repair department services other fretted instruments such as banjos, ukuleles, and balalaikas.

In February 1996, a feature article in Guitar Shop Magazine documented the company's restoration of a severely damaged Martin J40-M acoustic guitar.  The Martin had been in the trunk of an automobile when a semi-trailer truck struck the automobile.  Almost every part of the guitar was damaged: the top, back, sides, fingerboard, and neck block.  The worst damage, and the most challenging to repair, was caused by the neck block having punched through the back of the guitar.  The owner brought the Martin to Elderly after other repair shops had rejected it as being beyond repair. The technicians at Elderly successfully restored the Martin after a labor-intensive process that included a new Adirondack spruce top.

Elderly provides an appraisal service for vintage instruments.  It employs five full-time appraisers who use a detailed scale to rate the quality of instruments. Their appraisal services have been noted in media, such as The Music and Sound Retailer, as being among the best in the industry.  Customers may either bring instruments directly into the store or send them by mail.  Elderly owner Werbin attributes some of the company's success and reputation to the quality of the appraisals.

Marketing and business model

In addition to a printed catalog, Elderly sends lists of available vintage instruments to subscribers in the U.S. and several other countries by mail and e-mail. Elderly purchases some of its used instruments from customers and then offers them for sale, while others are offered on consignment. Although larger retailers dominate the Internet market share (Elderly grossed $12 million in 1999, larger retail outlets such as Guitar Center grossed $297 million),  Elderly attempts to serve vertical markets by offering specialized or rare items on its web site, such as left-handed guitars and instrument-specific books.

Werbin notes that while discounting products by 40 percent set his business apart from the local competition in the 1970s, outlets such as Guitar Center now also offer discounts.  In response to questions about his strategy for competing with larger retailers such as Guitar Center and American Musical Supply, which also operate mail order and Internet businesses, Werbin states that he has learned to operate on small margins to stay competitive: "The mom-and-pop businesses that have survived have learned to operate on narrow margins."

Other enterprises
After opening its first retail space, Elderly began selling records supplied by Rounder Records, a small distributor that later grew into an independent record label specializing in roots music.  After trying other distributors, Werbin started his own distribution company in 1979, named Old Fogey Distributing. By 1987, Old Fogey was servicing about 300 small retail operations, operating from the basement of Elderly's Lansing showroom. In 1997, the operation was renamed Sidestreet Distributing.

Elderly dedicates a section of its retail space to record sales.  A full-time purchasing manager maintains a comprehensive selection of both mainstream and rare music, much of it in the folk and bluegrass genres; this is due to the belief that customers will become more interested in the music after making an audio purchase and then in turn buy a musical instrument.  Elderly also sells instructional books and other material, much of which focuses on folk music and bluegrass genres.

The store also offers a music school focused on folk music and related instruments.

Twang and other folk music
Noise, a periodical published by the local newspaper Lansing State Journal, has written that Elderly Instruments is the focus of an emerging form of American folk music, named "twang", sometimes referred to as "alternative country".  Several twang bands perform and record in Lansing, many including at least one Elderly employee.  Current and former Elderly employees attribute the twang influence at the store to the proliferation of associated instruments, educational materials, and musicians.  East Lansing radio station WDBM has been hosting a twang music show since 1995.

Lawrence B. Johnson, music critic for The Detroit News, called Elderly a "folk music mecca" and a megastore that is a haven for folk musicians. In the past it has been one of the chief sponsors of the annual National Folk Festival.

Recognition
 2008 - Best Guitar Store - Player's Choice Awards, Acoustic Guitar magazine

References

External links

 Elderly Instruments web site
 Stanley Werbin Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection, April 18, 2012.

Companies based in Lansing, Michigan
Musical instrument retailers of the United States
American companies established in 1972
Retail companies established in 1972
Privately held companies based in Michigan
1972 establishments in Michigan


Bates Manufacturing Company may refer to:

 Bates Mill — a textile mill in Lewiston, Maine also known by that name
 Bates Manufacturing Company — manufacturers of automatic consecutive-numbering machines; see Bates numbering


Sportklub Niederösterreich St. Pölten is an Austrian football club from Sankt Pölten, capital of the Austrian state of Lower Austria. St. Pölten currently play in the Austrian Football Second League, the second tier of the Austrian football league system.

History

SKN St. Pölten were formed after the dissolution of their unofficial predecessor FCN St. Pölten (formerly VSE St. Pölten) in June 2000.  The new club took over all FCN St. Pölten infrastructure, including the stadium and the Bundesliga junior center.  Although the normal rules state that new clubs must start in the lowest possible division, due to the acquisition of the Academy system, SKN St. Pölten were allowed to participate in the 2nd League West, the fifth level of Austrian football.

In their first season in existence (the 2000–01 season), the team won the 2nd League championship, and were therefore promoted to the fourth tier. In the 2001–02 season, SKN St. Pölten won their second successive title and hence were promoted into the Regional League East. In the same year, they also appeared in the final of the Lower Austria Cup, but were beaten by Theresienfeld.

In the 2002–03 season, the team finished twelfth, but improved the following year to finish in fourth. In the 2004–05 season the club attained sixth place in the league and had a run in the ÖFB Cup which included victories over SV Wörgl (3–0), SW Bregenz (2–1) and a sensational 5–1 victory against Austria Salzburg in the third round. In the quarter-finals, St. Pölten, were soundly beaten by Austria Wien 6–0.

St. Pölten finally achieved their third promotion in the 2007–08 season, going 24 games unbeaten during one period of the season.  They have since remained in the Austrian Football First League, finishing four times in 5th (2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2014–15) and three times in 4th (2009–2010, 2012–13, 2013–14).

During the 2013–14 season the club reached the final of the Austrian Cup for the first time in their history. In the final, St. Pölten played Red Bull Salzburg but failed to repeat their stunning third round victory from 2002–03, losing 4–2. However, they qualified for the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League as Red Bull Salzburg had already qualified for the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League by virtue of winning the Austrian Football Bundesliga. In the second qualifying round they played Botev Plovdiv of Bulgaria, winning 3–2 on aggregate after losing the first leg 2–1. In the third qualifying round they played PSV Eindhoven, losing 2–4 on aggregate, thus ending their first foray into a continental competition.

St. Pölten achieved promotion into the Austrian Bundesliga by winning the First League in 2015–16.

Honours
Austrian Football First League
Winners: 2015–16
Austrian Cup
Runners-up: 2013–14

European record

Notes
 2Q: Second qualifying round
 3Q: Third qualifying round

Current squad

Youth work
SKN St. Pölten currently has ten youth teams between for children from the age of 7 to 15, with a total of 150 children and youths. In addition to the junior teams, the club have a second team (SKN II), who play their games in the Mid Western League, with the squad mostly consisting of squad players under the age of 18.

Sponsors
Under the sponsorship of the furniture store Leiner, the club was known as Leiner SKN St. Pölten until 2005.  With the introduction of staff24 GmbH, the club changed its name in 2006 to SKN staff24 St. Pölten.

Coaching staff

Manager history

  Karl Daxbacher (2000–2002)
  Horst Kirasitsch (2002–2003)
  Frank Schinkels (2003–2004)
  Günther Wessely (2005–2006)
  Peter Benes (2006)
  Walter Hörmann (2006–2007)
  Martin Scherb (2007–2013)
  Thomas Nentwich (2013)
  Gerald Baumgartner (2013–2014)
  Herbert Gager (2014)
  Michael Steiner (2014–2015)
  Jochen Fallmann (2015) interim
  Karl Daxbacher (2015–2016)
  Jochen Fallmann (2016–2018)
  Ranko Popović (2018–2019)
  Alexander Schmidt (2019–2020)
  Robert Ibertsberger (2020–present)

References

External links

Football clubs in Austria
Sankt Pölten
2000 establishments in Austria
Association football clubs established in 2000


Aubin Olivier () was a French engineer who introduced use of the screw press coin minting technique to France.  To reform French coinage, Henri II sent Olivier to investigate press technology being used by an Augsburg goldsmith. Olivier subsequently established the Royal Mill Mint () on the Île de la Cité in Paris.

See also
 History of mints
 Jean Varin

References

French engineers
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown


Anine Marie Magdalene Frølich (13 March 1762 – 6 November 1784) was a Danish ballerina, one of the first professional native ballet dancers in Denmark and the first native star within the Royal Danish Ballet. Anine Frølich was perhaps the principal figure in the emergence of classical ballet as a distinct art-form in Denmark.

Biography

Frølich was born in Copenhagen, and was accepted as a student in the ballet school of the Court-Theater Hofteatret in 1771. The Court-Theater had been founded in 1767 at the Christiansborg Palace by Pierre Laurent of the French theater troupe employed there: it was to be merged with the Royal Danish Theatre when the French troupe was fired in 1772-73.

At this time, Ballet had only very recently been performed by native ballet dancers in Denmark. At the Royal Danish Theatre, native dancers had only performed since the season of 1758-59, which became the debut of Marie Barch and Carl Vilhelm Barch.

Frølich debuted in 1773 and became an instant success on account of her astonishing beauty, technical accomplishment and dramatic technique, which separated her from the more formal and stiff mannerisms adopted by most of contemporaries.

From 1775, Frølich came under the influence of the Italian dancer Vincenzo Galeotti.  Having been made ballet-master of the Court Theater, he completely reformed the Danish ballet and stimulated a new enthusiasm for the art among the public. Until then, Danish ballet had been abstract and undramatic, formal and stilted. The idea of ballet as a dramatic art was introduced into Denmark by Galeotti, who made Frølich the star vehicle of his innovative choreography. With her expressive manner of dancing she complemented perfectly the new style of ballet under his direction. Under his leadership she became the ruling ballerina of the Danish ballet. One of her most famous roles was in the ballet Den forlodte Dido in 1777.

She and Galeotti also became lovers, but the relationship ended unhappily. Exhausted by the intense physical demands of her art, Frohlich's health deteriorated quickly. In 1784, she collapsed during a performance and was carried home, but died shortly afterwards in Copenhagen.

See also
 Margrethe Schall

References
 (In Danish)   Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon

1762 births
1784 deaths
Danish ballerinas
Danish people of German descent
18th-century Danish ballet dancers
Royal Danish Ballet dancers


Out to Every Nation is the third album by Jørn Lande's solo project Jorn, released on 26 October 2004. The album features HammerFall bassist Magnus Rosén and Pagan's Mind guitarist Jørn Viggo Lofstad, drummer Stian Kristoffersen and keyboardist Ronny Tegner.

Track listing
All songs written by Jørn Lande and Jørn Viggo Lofstad.

 "Young Forever" - 4:54
 "Out to Every Nation" - 4:23
 "Something Real" - 5:40
 "Living with Wolves" - 3:53
 "Vision Eyes" - 4:11
 "One Day We Will Put Out the Sun" - 6:25
 "Behind the Clown" - 4:15
 "Rock Spirit" - 4:36
 "Through Day and Night" - 4:43
 "When Angel Wings Were White" - 7:03
 "Big" (Japanese & Russian edition bonus track)

Bonus Tracks on Limited Edition
 "Young Forever" (Radio Edit) - 4:55
 "Out to Every Nation" (Radio Edit) - 4:24
 "Living with Wolves" (Radio Edit) - 3:58

Personnel
Jørn Lande - lead vocals
Jørn Viggo Lofstad - guitar
Magnus Rosén - bass
Stian Kristoffersen - drums
Ronny Tegner - keyboards

Release history

References

2004 albums
Jørn Lande albums
AFM Records albums


Basil David Moss (25 May 1935 – 28 November 2020) was a British character actor, who featured regularly on television in the 1960s and on radio in the 1970s.

Early life
He was educated at St Paul's School, which he followed with actor's training. Despite leaving St Paul's in 1953, Moss's connections with the school remained strong throughout his life, both through his involvement in the Pauline Meetings and his work for the Old Pauline Club.

Acting career
In the early 1960s, he had a long-running screen role as Alan Drew in the BBC TV series Compact. He later had an even longer-lasting part in the radio soap, Waggoners' Walk, which ran for more than a decade and achieved ratings of four million listeners on Radio Two in the United Kingdom. This grew so popular that it nearly caused the cancellation of The Archers. His credited film roles include appearances in One Brief Summer (1970) and Clinic Exclusive (1971).

As he grew older, Moss did less acting in order to concentrate on other interests, although he continued to appear in comic roles, including The Gigolos.

He died on 28 November 2020, at the age of 85.

Music
Basil played the piano and jazz trumpet and his band, Basil Moss and His Chicago Jazzmen, continued performing until 2014.

Filmography
I Was Happy Here (1966)
You Only Live Twice (1967) – British Navy Officer on Submarine (uncredited)
Doppelgänger (1969) – Monitoring Station Technician (uncredited)
One Brief Summer (1971) – John Robertson
Clinic Exclusive (1972) – Philip Eveleigh
The Gigolos (2006) – Basil

References

External links

1935 births
2020 deaths
English male radio actors
English male television actors
Male actors from London


Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts- Scottsdale formerly Scottsdale Culinary Institute (SCI) was a career-focused school in Arizona specializing in culinary and hospitality education. Elizabeth Sherman Leite started Scottsdale Culinary Institute in 1986. The college is owned by Career Education Corporation under a licensing agreement with Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. The institute was located in a former country club on a golf course and lakefront overlooking Camelback Mountain. It closed in 2017.

History
The school, generally known as the Scottsdale Culinary Institute was one of the largest culinary programs in the area. It was founded by Elizabeth Leite in 1986 and under Jon-Paul Hutchins, more than one hundred thousand students went through the program in twenty five years and earned associates or bachelor's degrees. It closed in 2017 along with the remaining Cordon Bleu schools in the United States.

Notable faculty and alumni
Kevin Binkley, James Beard winner
Stephanie Izard, winner of Top Chef, Season 4
Bernie Kantak
Fife Symington, former governor of Arizona

References

External links
 Scottsdale Culinary Institute website

Defunct private universities and colleges in Arizona
Cooking schools in the United States
Educational institutions established in 1986
Buildings and structures in Scottsdale, Arizona
Education in Scottsdale, Arizona
Universities and colleges in Maricopa County, Arizona
1986 establishments in Arizona
Career Education Corporation
Educational institutions disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in Arizona


Cuneane () is a saturated hydrocarbon with the formula  and a 3D structure resembling a wedge, hence the name. Cuneane may be produced from cubane by metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement. Similar reactions are known for  () and bishomocubane ().

Molecular geometry
The carbon atoms in the cuneane molecule form a hexahedron with point group C2v.
The cuneane molecule has three groups of equivalent carbon atoms (A, B, C), which have also been confirmed by NMR. The molecular graph of the carbon skeleton of cuneane is a regular graph with non-equivalent groups of vertices, and so it is a very important test object for different algorithms of mathematical chemistry.

Derivatives
Some cuneane derivatives have liquid crystal properties.

References

Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons
Cyclopropanes
Cyclobutanes


Stair Agnew (October 19, 1757 – October 10, 1821) was a land owner, judge and political figure in New Brunswick, now in Canada.  He represented York County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1792 to 1795 and from 1796 to 1821.

Agnew was born in Virginia, the son of the Reverend John Agnew, and was educated in Glasgow, and joined the Queen's Loyal Virginia Regiment at the beginning of the American Revolution. Agnew and his father, a chaplain for the loyalists, were captured in 1781 and released at the end of the war. He went to England where he married Sophia Winifred (last name unknown). In 1789, Agnew settled in New Brunswick near Fredericton. He served as a justice of the peace and a judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for the county from 1799 until his death at his estate in York County in 1821.

Agnew, a slave owner, challenged Judge Isaac Allen to a duel after the judge found in favour of an escaped slave in R v Jones in 1800. Allen refused the challenge. Agnew later fought with Samuel Denny Street, one of the lawyers for the slave.

References

Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1757 births
1821 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
United Empire Loyalists
Colony of New Brunswick judges
Canadian slave owners
19th-century Canadian judges
19th-century Canadian politicians


Artigues is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

 Artigues, Ariège, in the Ariège department
 Artigues, Aude, in the Aude department
 Artigues, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
 Artigues, Var, in the Var department
 Artigues-près-Bordeaux, in the Gironde department
 Les Artigues-de-Lussac, in the Gironde department

It may also refer to a locality in the metropolitan area of Barcelona:
Artigues, Badalona
The Barcelona Metro station Artigues-Sant Adrià

See also
 Artigue, in the Haute-Garonne department


Newman Ivey White (February 3, 1892 – December 6, 1948) was an American professor of English at Duke University. He was born in Statesville, North Carolina, United States. He was a noted Shelley scholar, as well as a collector of American folklore, including folk songs and Duke limericks. He served as Professor of English at Trinity College and Duke University from 1919 to 1948. He wrote American Negro Folk Songs (1928) and in it he quoted a work song, sung by laborers in Augusta, Georgia, which mentioned the notorious Judge Fogarty. White also recalled hearing a version in Statesville, North Carolina in 1903.

A professorship at Duke has been named in his honor.

Publications
 An Anthology of Verse by American Negroes 1924
 American Negro Folk Songs 1928
  Shelley 1940
 Portrait of Shelley 1945

References

References
Preliminary Inventory of the Newman Ivey White Papers, University Archives, Duke University.

1892 births
1948 deaths
People from Statesville, North Carolina
American folklorists
Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Duke University faculty
Harvard University alumni
American academics of English literature


Opuntia rastrera is a prickly pear which grows in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.  It is known in Spanish as cuija, although that name can also refer to other cactuses such as Brasiliopuntia.

Description
Opuntia rastrera can be found in bajada, hill-piedmont, and interdune habitats in locations such as the Mapimi biosphere reserve, where it is sometimes the most common cactus in a given location, or sometimes a secondary cactus.

Propagation
In order to germinate, the seeds require a dormancy period of at least a year.  As with other Opuntia species, mechanical or chemical scarification does not seem to help.

The species can reproduce either vegetatively or by seed.  In fact, the nature of the habitat determines which is more common, with sexual reproduction dominating in grasslands and vegetative propagation dominating in scrublands.

References

rastrera
Cacti of Mexico
Flora of the Chihuahuan Desert
Flora of San Luis Potosí


Gláucio de Jesus Carvalho (born 11 November 1975 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian former footballer.

Football career

Netherlands and Brazil
Gláucio started his career at Portuguesa. He moved to Feyenoord in December 1994. He moved back to Flamengo for 1996 season. He moved back to Netherlands for Excelsior Rotterdam in November 1996. He played his last game in Netherlands for Feyenoord in September 1997. He then returned to Brazil again for Guarani and América (RJ).

Spain and Brazil
Glaucio played for Rayo Vallecano in La Liga for 2000–01 and 2001–02 season. He then played for Corinthians Alagoano.

Brazil and Asia
Glaucio moved to Qatari league in September 2003. After a short spell at Internacional and Paulista, he moved to Japan for Avispa Fukuoka in March 2005. He then went back to Paulista, and signed a one-year contract with São Caetano in July 2007. In January 2008, he moved to Al-Salmiya and back to Brazil in July.

Glaucio moved to Oeste from Vitória in 2010 and retired as a professional player in May the same year.

International career
Gláucio played in 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship.

Club statistics

Qadsia Stats

References

External links

 Profile at VI
 CBF

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's under-20 international footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
La Liga players
Feyenoord players
Excelsior Rotterdam players
Rayo Vallecano players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Guarani FC players
CR Flamengo footballers
Paulista Futebol Clube players
Paraná Clube players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Sport Club Internacional players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro) players
Esporte Clube Vitória players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from São Paulo
Al-Salmiya SC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Kuwait Premier League players


Artigues (; ) is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Artiguais or Artiguaises.

Geography

Artigues is located some 10 km south by south-east of Quillan and 2 km west of Axat. Access to the commune is by the D83 road from Axat in the east passing through the village and continuing west then south by a tortuous route to Le Clat. The commune is rugged and heavily forested but with a little farming activity near the village.

The river Aude forms the south-eastern border of the commune as it flows north. The Ruisseau de l'Esteille rises in the south of the commune and flows east to join the Aude east of the commune. The Ruisseau de la Fage rises in the south of the commune and flows north to join the Ruisseau d'Artigues just south of the village which flows east to join the Aude.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 73 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments

The Church of Saint-Nicolas (1830);
The Gorge of Saint-Georges, with cliffs 300m high;
The Col du Garabeil.

Church Picture Gallery

See also
Communes of the Aude department

References

External links
Artigues on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Arugues on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aude


USA-193, also known as NRO Launch 21 (NROL-21 or simply L-21), was a United States military reconnaissance satellite (radar imaging) launched on 14 December 2006. It was the first launch conducted by the United Launch Alliance (ULA). Owned by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), the craft's precise function and purpose were classified. On 21 February 2008, it was destroyed as a result of Operation Burnt Frost.

Design
USA-193 was part of the NRO's Future Imagery Architecture (FIA), which was begun in 1997 to produce a fleet of inexpensive reconnaissance satellites, but has become the agency's most spectacular failure. USA-193 was initially developed by Boeing, which won the contract in 1999, beating out Lockheed Martin with proposals for innovative electro-optics and radar. But after cost overruns, delays, and parts failures, NRO sent the contract to Lockheed, which built USA-193 around the Boeing radar design. Lockheed Martin and Boeing both supported the launch, the first in the joint effort known as the United Launch Alliance. USA-193 weighed about , with a body thought to be  long and  wide, estimates based on the maximal Delta II payload. With the radar antenna extended, USA-193 was about the size of a basketball court (~30 × 15 m).

Launch data
 Launch: 14 December 2006 at 21:00:00 UTC
 Launch vehicle: United Launch Alliance Delta II-7920 launch vehicle
 Launch site: Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, United States
 Launch facility: Space Launch Complex 2W
 Orbit data: not officially available, as spy satellites often change position and do not have regular orbits. Reported by amateur observers to be (perigee, apogee, inclination):
 349 km × 365 km × 58.48° after launch,
 255 km × 268 km × 58.48° on 11 February 2008,
 244 km × 261 km × 58.50° on 19 February 2008.
 The orbit was decaying at an increasing rate.

Malfunction and orbital decay
The satellite entered orbit, but lost contact with the ground within hours. In late January 2008, reports from anonymous U.S. officials indicated a U.S. spy satellite, later confirmed as USA-193, was in a deteriorating orbit and was expected to crash into Earth within weeks. This came as no surprise to amateur satellite watchers, who had been predicting the deorbit of the satellite for some time.

The satellite malfunctioned shortly after deployment and was intentionally destroyed 14 months later on 21 February 2008 by a modified SM-3 missile fired from the U.S. Navy warship USS Lake Erie (CG-70), stationed west of Hawaii. The event highlighted growing distrust between the U.S. and China, and was viewed by some to be part of a wider "arms race" in space involving the U.S., China, and Russia. It was the first launch by United Launch Alliance since it was formed in December 2006, and the first Delta II launch since ULA acquisition.

Hazardous materials on-board
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reports indicate that the satellite contained the hazardous materials hydrazine and beryllium. Though there was some speculation that the satellite might have a "nuclear" power core, i.e. a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG), the FEMA report indicates otherwise. On 29 January 2008, an Associated Press story quoted U.S. Air Force General Gene Renuart as saying that contingency plans were being made, since intact pieces of the satellite "might re-enter into the North American area". In respecting the Space Liability Convention, the United States vowed to pay for any damage or destruction caused by their failed satellite.

Destruction

Planning for the destruction of USA-193 with a missile reportedly began on 4 January 2008, with President Bush approving the plan on 12 February 2008, at an expected cost of US$40 million to US$60 million. The task force had as its goal to "rupture the fuel tank to dissipate the approximately  of hydrazine, a hazardous fuel, which could pose a danger to people on Earth, before it entered into Earth's atmosphere".

On 14 February 2008, U.S. officials announced the plan to destroy USA-193 before atmospheric reentry, stating that the intention was "saving or reducing injury to human life". They said that if the hydrazine tank fell to Earth, it "could spread a toxic cloud roughly the size of two football fields". General James Cartwright confirmed that the United States Navy was preparing to launch an SM-3 missile to destroy the satellite, at an altitude of , shortly before it entered Earth's atmosphere.

On 21 February 2008, at 03:26 UTC an SM-3 missile was fired from the Ticonderoga-class missile cruiser  and intercepted USA-193 about  above the Pacific Ocean. The satellite was traveling with a velocity of , or . The velocity of the impact was about . The United States Department of Defense (DoD) expressed a "high degree of confidence" that the fuel tank was hit and destroyed. The satellite's remnants were expected to burn up over the course of the next 40 days, with most of the satellite's mass re-entering the atmosphere within 48 hours of the missile strike.

U.S. officials denied that the action was intended to prevent sensitive technology falling into foreign hands  and also denied that it was a response to the 2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test. This was not the first time the United States shot down one of its own satellites; the Air Force had shot down a satellite in 1985. Although the U.S. had objected to the earlier Chinese test of an anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon, U.S. officials said there was "no parallel" with that test. The Chinese test destroyed a target in a high, stable orbit, leaving a large amount of space debris in orbit, while the destruction of USA-193 in a much lower orbit would create debris that would likely deorbit within weeks.

Controversy
The Russian government claimed that this exercise was a test of the U.S. missile defense program. The defense ministry of Russia accused the U.S. of using hydrazine as a cover for the test of an ASAT. It also noted that extraordinary measures had never before been needed to deal with the many spacecraft that had fallen to Earth. Indeed, The New York Times had paraphrased Gordon Johndroe, spokesman for the United States National Security Council, as stating that 328 objects had deorbited (controlled and uncontrolled) in the previous five-year period.

However, U.S. officials maintained that the large quantity of hydrazine on board made USA-193 a special case. According to General Kevin P. Chilton, when President Bush was briefed on the situation, the danger that shooting down the satellite would be perceived as an ASAT test was brought up, and President Bush made his decision based on the dangers of an uncontrolled reentry.

Other observers dismiss the threat of the hydrazine, suggesting that the effect of the cloud, when diluted over a large area, would likely be mild: "The hydrazine tank is a 1-meter sphere containing about 400 liters of hydrazine. The stated hazard area is about 2 hectares, something like 1/10,000,000,000 of the area under the orbit. The potential for actual harm is unbelievably small". Other analyses, such as those cited by Yousaf Butt, show the hydrazine tank burning up in the upper atmosphere.

Two examples of uncontrolled atmospheric re-entries causing (or almost causing) damage are the 1978 re-entry of Kosmos 954, a Soviet satellite, which landed in Canada and spread dangerous amounts of nuclear fuel from its onboard reactor over large tracts of land, and Skylab's 1979 re-entry, which rattled windows and dropped small pieces of debris onto buildings in Esperance, Western Australia (no significant monetary damage resulted, but the U.S. was symbolically fined US$400 for littering). No weapon existed in 1978 to bring down Kosmos 954, and a Soviet anti-satellite weapon (part of the Istrebitel Sputnikov program), the first of its kind, was declared operational only ten days before Skylab re-entered the atmosphere, and was not capable of directing the space station's descent.

Before the destruction of USA-193, Pentagon officials repeatedly denied that it was meant to bolster the U.S. missile defense program. Six days after USA-193's destruction, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates said, "the mission's success shows that U.S. plans for a missile-defense system are realistic" though in the same statement it was confirmed that the weapons and systems used for this mission will not retain their ASAT capability, and will be reconfigured back to their original purpose as tactical missiles.

Space debris
The destruction of USA-193 created 174 pieces of orbital debris that were cataloged by the U.S. military. While most of this debris re-entered the Earth's atmosphere within a few months, a few pieces lasted slightly longer because they were thrown into higher orbits. The final piece of USA-193 debris (COSPAR 2006-057GH, SATCAT 35425) re-entered on 28 October 2009.

The launch of at least one other satellite was postponed to avoid space debris from USA-193. An Atlas V launch hot line recording indicated the debris would delay the launch of a different National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) satellite USA-200 (NROL-28) as "a precautionary measure".

Catalogue IDs
 International Designator: 2006-057A
 Satellite Catalog Number: 29651

Gallery

See also

 P78-1, a U.S. satellite in a  orbit that was destroyed during a 1985 U.S. Air Force ASM-135 ASAT test
 2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test
 Anti-satellite weapon
 Kill vehicle
 Space debris
 Space warfare

References

External links

Intentionally destroyed artificial satellites
National Reconnaissance Office satellites
Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets
Spacecraft launched in 2006
USA satellites
Secret space vehicles
Satellite collisions


Alexei Naumovich Senyavin (also spelled Sinyavin; ; 5 October 1716 – 10 August 1797) was an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy, son of Naum Senyavin.

Early career
Senyavin began his career in the navy in 1734 as a warrant officer. Serving in the Dnieper Flotilla, he took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739. In 1739, Alexei Senyavin was transferred to the Baltic Fleet. At the height of the Seven Years' War, Senyavin commanded a battleship during the blockade of Kolberg (1760), where he distinguished himself. Alexei Senyavin retired from the navy in 1762 as a captain, 1st rank.

Later career
Senyavin's later career in the navy coincided with the reign of Catherine the Great. In 1766, he was called out for service yet again and promoted to the rank of rear admiral two years later. Due to Russia's ongoing preparations for the war against the Turks, the empress entrusted Alexei Senyavin with the construction of different ships at the dockyards along the Don River, which would be able to reach the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Thus, Senyavin was made responsible for re-establishing the Don Military Flotilla, which was supposed to interoperate with the Russian ground forces along the Crimean coastline. Senyavin had to come up with a certain type of ships, which could navigate in shallow waters and meet combat requirements, at the same time. Alexei Senyavin managed to build a flotilla by 1771 and then sent it to Taganrog to assist the Russian troops in occupying the Crimea. In 1773, he was put in charge of this flotilla and succeeded in fighting off the Turks at sea, finally blocking their access to the Sea of Azov by capturing Yenikale and Kerch. In 1774, Senyavin rebuffed the attack of the Turkish fleet in the Strait of Kerch, making it retire with losses. Owing in large part to the actions of the Don Military Flotilla under Senyavin's command, Russia signed a favourable Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Turkey, regaining Azov and Taganrog and gaining Kerch and Yenikale. Thus, Catherine II made Peter the Great's dream a reality – Russia finally got its first direct access to the Black Sea.

Honors
For his excellent service and achievements, Alexei Senyavin was first promoted to the rank of vice admiral (1769) and then admiral (1775). He was also awarded the Order of St. Anna and Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. In 1788, Alexei Senyavin retired from the navy due to his illness. Upon his recovery in 1794, he was asked to join the Admiralty Board.

References

Imperial Russian Navy admirals
1716 births
1797 deaths
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna
Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)
Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery


President of the Supreme Court of Spain
 President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
 President of the Supreme Court of Albania
 President of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
 Chief Justice of the United States


Auriac () is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Auriacois or Auriacoises.

Geography

The commune is located in the Corbières Massif some 35 km south-east of Limoux and 15 km east of Arques. Access to the commune is by the D212 road which branches from the D613 west of Mouthoumet and goes south through the commune by a tortuous route then continues south to join the D10 north-east of Soulatgé. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Savugnan in the south-west and La Grave north of the village. The whole of the commune is rugged and heavily forested.

Many streams rise all over the commune and flow northwards to join the Orbieu which flows through the commune from south-west to north to eventually join the Aude near Raissac-d'Aude.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 43 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The commune has one building that is registered as an historical monument:
The Ruins of a Chateau (11th century)

Religious heritage
The commune has one religious building that is registered as an historical monument:
The Chapel of Saint-André (12th century) The Church contains one item that is registered as an historical object:
A Cope and Chasuble (18th century)

See also
Communes of the Aude department

References

External links
Auriac on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Auriac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aude


Shikari (English: The Hunter) is a 2000 Indian  crime thriller film directed by N. Chandra. It stars Govinda, Karisma Kapoor, Tabu and Kiran Kumar. It was second collaboration between the trio Govinda, Karishma & Tabu after blockbuster Saajan Chale Sasural. It was first time that Govinda had chosen an anti-hero role while Karishma Kapoor chose an action-packed role, during when Govinda was briefly typed in comic roles and Karishma for glamorous roles. Govinda also wore a prosthetic makeup for the first time in his career. It was released on the eve of Dusshera. Upon release it was an average grosser at the box office, but later it gained cult following due to Govinda's work being mostly appreciated by critics.

Plot

Vijandra is the richest business tycoon in Cape Town, South Africa. His sister Rajeshwari, wife Suman and his mother are his only relatives. Vijandra's marital life is in apparent discord, since he has never had any relations with Suman. One day, Vijandra gets a rival in business world in form of Mahendra Pratap Singh. Mahendra is an Indian spice tycoon wanting to expand his business in South Africa.

Vijandra is initially wary of Mahendra's expansion plans, but sees the latter's entry as a tool to expand his own business. Unknown to Vijandra, Mahendra is actually a well disguised man named Om Srivastav. Om has a bigger agenda than becoming a tycoon. Mahendra & Vijandra strike a deal, upon which Vijandra is invited to a house in forest for celebration. Once there, Mahendra reveals his true face to Vijandra, who is revealed to know Om.

Om kills Vijandra and covers up his death. Later, he shows up at Vijandra's funeral, claiming that he and Vijandra met in India, where they became friends. Rajeshwari suspects him from day one and finds his timing suspicious. Suman too is particularly unhappy on seeing Om. Suman reveals to her mother-in-law that she & Om were in love with each other, but her father got her married to Vijandra, the son of her father's old friend.

Suman tells her that she had told Vijandra about the relationship, after which he told her to go with Om. Instead, she stayed with Vijandra, being overwhelmed by his compassion. However, Vijandra thought that Suman was a gold-digger, explaining his attitude towards her. Meanwhile, a cat and mouse game starts between Om and Rajeshwari, in which she nearly exposes him. Om is able to save his skin once again, but Rajeshwari gets a feeling that Om is hurt by something.

Rajeshwari thinks that Om may not be a killer & she has inadvertently hurt the wrong man. She goes to apologize, but finds many pictures of her at his apartment. Rajeshwari thinks that Om was hurt because he was secretly in love with her. Rajeshwari asks for an apology & Om plays along. Suman becomes both jealous & uneasy of this new relationship. She and Rajeshwari finally get into a fight, where she almost slaps Rajeshwari.

Rajeshwari leaves her home in a huff and tells everything to Om, who shocks her by slapping her. An angered Om goes on to tell her everything, finally confessing his sin. Before Rajeshwari can do anything, he throws her in a dry well & escapes in his car. Suman tries to find Rajeshwari at Om's place. Om feigns ignorance and the duo start to search for her, with Om deliberately misleading Suman.

Rajeshwari screams for help, until Zafrani comes to that place. He rescues her and she darts back to locate Om. When she finally finds Om with Suman, she is fully convinced that her brother's murder was a pre-meditated by Om & Suman. Seeing his plans failing, Om overpowers the duo & ties them up. He confesses the crime before Suman, making Rajeshwari realize that Suman is in fact innocent.

Then Om reveals his motive. It is revealed that after learning about Om from Suman, Vijandra had secretly come with his goons, assaulted Om, killed his father & raped his sisters, forcing them to commit suicide. Om readies himself to mow Rajeshwari and Suman down, but Zafrani arrives there with a police team. The women are rescued, but Om drives his car into the valley making them realize that Om was going to commit suicide to avoid police, now that his work was done. The women return home distraught.

Cast

 Govinda as Om Shrivastav / Mahendra Pratap Singhania (dual role)
 Karisma Kapoor as Rajeshwari Rawal
 Tabu as Suman
 Shweta Menon as Sanya Jacobs
 Nirmal Pandey as Veejendra Singh Rawal
 Sushma Seth as Rajeshwari's mother
 Kiran Kumar as Arjun Singh
 Johnny Lever as Jafrani
 Rana Jung Bahadur as Inspector Rana
 Vishnu Sharma
 Beena Banerjee as Beena
 Deep Dhillon
 Razak Khan
 Arun Bali
 Ghanshyam
 Pramod Muthu
 Anil Nagrath
 Pushpa Verma
 Mayuri Kango (Item number)

Production
Aditya Pancholi was approached for Nirmal Pandey's role but declined it due to other projects. Jackie Shroff was too offered Nirmal Pandey's role but he too declined the role for some unknown reasons. Arbaaz Khan was to star in the film as the main hero opposite Tabu and having Govinda play the villain in the movie but Arbaaz was shooting for Hello Brother at that time so N. Chandra scrapped his role. Manisha Koirala was heavily considered for Karishma Kapoor's role.

Soundtrack

Music was released on T-Series

References

External links

2000 films
Films scored by Aadesh Shrivastava
2000s Hindi-language films
Films directed by N. Chandra
Indian films about revenge
Indian thriller films
2000 thriller films
Hindi-language thriller films


Lead Me Not is the debut album of American country music artist Lari White. It was issued in 1993 on the Nashville division of RCA Records. White produced the album along with Rodney Crowell and Eagles guitarist Steuart Smith. In addition, she wrote or co-wrote eight of the album's ten tracks.

The album's three singles — "What a Woman Wants", the title track, and "Lay Around and Love on You" — all charted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, although all three failed to make Top 40. The album itself peaked at #36 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers charts.

In 2020, it was reported that the official music video for "Lead Me Not" had gone missing. According to the piece, the record label claimed to have no knowledge of the music video and no copy of the video production in their vault.

Track listing
"Itty Bitty Single Solitary Piece O' My Heart" (Lari White, John Rotch) – 3:28
"Just Thinking" (White) – 3:30
"Lay Around and Love on You" (Bobby David, David Gillon) – 2:54
"Lead Me Not" (White) – 4:06
"Made to Be Broken" (White) – 3:56
"What a Woman Wants" (White, Chuck Cannon) – 3:04
"Anything Goes" (Suzi Ragsdale, Verlon Thompson) – 3:10
"When the Lights Are Low" (White, Chris Waters) – 2:54
"Don't Leave Me Lonely" (White, Cannon) – 3:29
"Good Good Love" (White, Rotch) – 4:04

"Anything Goes" is omitted from the cassette version.

Personnel
Adapted from Lead Me Not liner notes.
 Dale Armstrong - percussion (5), tea steeper (7), entry bell (7), "more rockin' bongos" (7)
 Joy Askew - harmony vocals (8, 10)
 Eddie Bayers - drums (2, 4, 8)
 Larry Byrom - electric guitar (10)
 Chuck Cannon - harmony vocals (3, 4)
 Rodney Crowell - "super evolved" harmony vocal (7)
 Jerry Douglas - Dobro (1)
 Radney Foster - "tag team" harmony vocal (4)
 Robert Greenidge - steel drums (7)
 Jim Horn - tenor saxophone (4)
 John Barlow Jarvis - piano (3), "Wurlitzer-ish" (3)
 Randy Leago - organ (3), accordion (7)
 Albert Lee - electric guitar (1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10), acoustic guitar (4, 7), Korg T3 (5)
 Mark Luna - "ridiculously high" harmony vocals (1), harmony vocals (3)
 Terry McMillan - harmonica (3)
 Bill Payne - "gumbo piano" (1), piano (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10), Hammond organ (6), Korg T3 (7), organ (10)
 Michael Rhodes - bass guitar (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10), fretless bass (5, 7)
 Vince Santoro - drums (1, 3, 5, 6, 10), cowbell (1), harmony vocals (3, 6, 10), kick drum (7), claves (7), cymbals (7)
 Stephony Smith - harmony vocals (1, 4)
 Steuart Smith - electric guitar (1, 4, 5, 8, 10), acoustic guitar (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10), all guitars (3), classical guitar (5)
 Tommy Spurlock - pedal steel guitar (8)
 Russ Taff - "featured soul vocal" (10)
 Jonathan Yudkin - violin (8)

Strings on "Just Thinking" and "Don't Leave Me Lonely"
Connie Ellisor, John Catchings, Anthony LaMarchina, Bob Mason, Julia Tanner, Jim Grosjean, Kathryn Plummer, Kristin Wilkinson, David Davidson, Carl Gorodetzky, Lee Larrison, Ted Madsen, Laura Molyneaux, Pamela Sixfin, Alan Umstead

"RC and the Moonpie Choir" on "Good Good Love"
Rodney Crowell, Vince Santoro, Joy Askew, Stephony Smith, Mark Luna, Russ Taff, Jonell Mosser, Connie Reeder, Chuck Cannon, Jackie Welch, Claudia Church, Peter Penrose, Lari White

Technical
 Donivan Cowart - recording
 Rodney Crowell - producer
Glenn Meadows - mastering
Roger Nichols - engineer, recording, mixing
 Stephony Smith - producer
Bergen White - string arrangement (2, 9)
Lari White - producer

References

1993 debut albums
RCA Records albums
Lari White albums
Albums produced by Rodney Crowell
Albums produced by Lari White


Damon Moore (born September 15, 1976) is a former American football safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State.

Moore also played for the Chicago Bears.

References

1976 births
Living people
American football safeties
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Chicago Bears players


The New Lebanese Party (Hizb Al-Lubnaniyin Al-Judud) is a reformist, anti-confessionalist Lebanese political party established in 2006. Their stated goals are to " end to the role of traditional political leaders that inherit power in Lebanon" and "call for peace among the Lebanese and opening dialogue between all Lebanese sects to reach a national model far from political sectarianism." The movement calls for the addition of the Progressive Socialist Party, the Kataeb Party, the Lebanese Forces Party, and the Amal Movement to the list of designated terrorist organizations in Australia. The party speaks out against both Saudi Arabian and Iranian actions to influence Lebanon. The party advocates for a complete restructuring of the current Lebanese confessionalist parliamentary republic system and replace it with a entirely new system that doesn't let "any group in Lebanon present itself or its politics as the solution." and that system " will be the sole ruler and the only separator for arranging our lives in all aspects". They wish to establish a "law" that is egalitarian has no reference or basis in religion or tribalism. One of their main tenets is for the Lebanese government putting the economy front and center by advocating for a opening up of the Lebanese market to foreign countries and planning for how Lebanon can enter a globalized world, which includes supporting local industries and the agricultural sector. They believe that the current divide between the different religions that the Lebanese people hold is the main factor holding back economic progress in the country, and that the only way to bring them together is by abolishing the current confessional system. The party currently hold zero seats in the Parliament or the Cabinet of Lebanon.

References

External links
Who are we
New Lebanese official website

2006 establishments in Lebanon
Political parties established in 2006
Political parties in Lebanon
Secularism in Lebanon


Le Tronchet refers to two communes in France:
Le Tronchet, Ille-et-Vilaine
Le Tronchet, Sarthe


Mrs. T's Pierogies is a mass market brand of pierogies in the United States. It is a product of Ateeco, Inc. based in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania.

History
The company was founded in 1952 by Ted Twardzik. It manufactures fourteen varieties of pierogies and produces more than 500 million pierogies per year. In the full-sized pierogie line, the varieties include: 4 Cheese Medley, 5 Cheese Pizza, American Cheese, Broccoli & Aged Chedder, Classic Cheddar, Classic Onion, Feta & Spinach, Garlic & Parmesan, Jalapeño & Sharp Cheddar, Loaded Baked Potato, Savory 5 Cheese Blend, Sour Cream and Chive, and Traditional Sauerkraut.

The company sponsors the Great Pierogi Race at home games of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

References

External links
 Website

American companies established in 1952
Food manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
1952 establishments in Pennsylvania
Food and drink companies established in 1952


A second hand good is one purchased by or otherwise transferred to a second or later end-user.

Second hand may also refer to:

Films
 Second Hand (2005 film), a Romanian film
 Second Hand (2013 film), an Indian Telugu film

Music
 Second Hand (band), British progressive rock band
 Second Hand (album), 1991 album by Mark Heard
 Second Hand (Marcin Rozynek album), 2012 album by Marcin Rozynek
 Secondhand Serenade, a solo project of John Vesely (musician)
 "Second Hand", song by Bachman-Turner Overdrive from the album Not Fragile

Other
 Second hand (card player), the player who bids or plays second in a card game
 The hand measuring the passage of seconds on a clock face
 Second hand smoke, inhaled by passive smoking


Saulnières refers to two communes in France:
 Saulnières, Eure-et-Loir
 Saulnières, Ille-et-Vilaine


A fourth hand is the name of a specialized bicycle tool for manipulating brake and derailleur cables. The fourth hand allows a mechanic to keep the cable in place while they adjust the tension. Generally the fourth hand contains a locking mechanism.

The fourth hand is sometimes called a "cable puller" or "cable stretcher." Modern fourth hands are an improvement on an earlier generation of cable stretchers known as "third hands," hence the name.

See also
 Bicycle mechanic

Tools


Syria Mosque was a 3,700-seat  performance venue located in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Constructed in 1911 and dedicated on October 26, 1916, the building was originally built as a "mystical" shrine for the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (the Shriners) and designed by Huehl, Schmidt & Holmes architectural firm of Chicago.  It was recognized as one of the best examples of Exotic Revival architecture.

Located at 4400 Bigelow Boulevard, it held numerous events over the years, mainly highlighted by concerts of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and numerous internationally recognized music performers, as well as political rallies and speeches.

The Medinah Temple in Chicago (constructed one year after this building by the same firm) is a similar building still in existence (though now converted to retail space).

Despite community efforts to have Syria Mosque designated a historic landmark, the building was demolished August 27, 1991.

History
Pakistani-Canadian architect Dr. Gulzar Haider described the appearance of the building circa 1960:As we turned onto a minor street on the University of Pittsburgh campus, [my host] pointed to a vertical neon sign that said in no uncertain terms “Syria Mosque.” Parking the car, we approached the building. I was fascinated, albeit with some premonition. I was riveted by the cursive Arabic calligraphy on the building: la ghalib il-Allah, “There is no victor but Allah,” the well-known refrain [inscribed on the walls of] Granada’s Alhambra. Horseshoe arches, horizontal bands of different colored bricks, decorative terra-cotta—all were devices to invoke a Moorish memory. Excitedly, I took a youthful step towards the lobby, when my host turned around and said, "This is not the kind of mosque in which you bend up and down facing Mecca. This is a meeting hall–theater built by Shriners, a nice bunch of people who build hospitals for [disabled] children and raise money through parades and circuses."

Birthplace of network television
On January 11, 1949, from 8:30 pm to 11 pm EST, KDKA-TV (then WDTV and part of the DuMont Television Network) began its initial broadcast on its "network" centered in Pittsburgh. The program began with a one-hour local show broadcast from Syria Mosque, then finished with 90 minutes from ABC, CBS, NBC, and DuMont, featuring stars such as Arthur Godfrey, Milton Berle, DuMont host Ted Steele, and many other celebrities.  The station also represented a milestone in the television industry, providing the first "network" of a coaxial cable feed that included Pittsburgh and 13 other cities from Boston to St. Louis.

Demolition
Despite community efforts to have the building designated a historic landmark, the Syria Mosque was torn down on August 27, 1991. The site serves as a parking lot for the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Plans were announced that University of Pittsburgh would acquire it from the medical center in 2016.

List of concert events
Among the concert events:
 February 28, 1920: Enrico Caruso performs just 18 months before his death.
 October 5, 1924: John Philip Sousa
 Benny Goodman (1938, 1941)
Sergei Rachmaninoff with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (1931, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1941)
 January 28, 1944: Symphony No. 1 by Leonard Bernstein had its premiere at the center.
 February 1 and 3, 1946: Carol Brice with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Fritz Reiner
 Louis Armstrong (three appearances, beginning in 1949)
 October 11, 1950: Billy Eckstine, George Shearing and Miles Davis
 Charlie Parker (1950)
 February 27, 1951: Nat King Cole Trio and Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra, featuring vocalists Frances Irvin and Johnny Amoroso
 January 9, 1953: World Premiere of the Heitor Villa-Lobos composition Piano Concerto no. 4, with Bernardo Segall and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra conducted by Villa-Lobos.
 Duke Ellington (in 1954)
 April 28, 1955: Horace Heidt performs at Syria Mosque and MC's a talent competition, all for charity.
 Art Blakey (several occasions, in 1955 with the Jazz Messengers)
 Miles Davis (1955)
 Bill Haley and the Comets with Bo Diddley and the Drifters (1955)
 Buddy Holly (four times in 1957-1958)
 Sam Cooke
 Ahmad Jamal in 1959
 Benny Goodman in 1959
 Dionne Warwick and Solomon Burke in 1963.
 Peter, Paul, and Mary on November 21, 1965
 Bob Dylan in 1966 and again in 1990
 The Who in 1969
The Band in 1970 and on September 21, 1976, the concert "Next to Last Waltz". On Thanksgiving night, November 25, 1976, at Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, they played their final concert. It became the Martin Scorsese documentary film The Last Waltz.
 The two-year-old Pittsburgh Ballet Theater opened its first season as a professional organization in 1970.
 Mickey Newbury in 1971
 The Allman Brothers Band in 1971 (turned into an album in 2022)
 Matthews Southern Comfort, Deep Purple and Faces July 16, 1971
 Yes on December 16, 1971 on their Fragile Tour
 Carly Simon in 1972
 Pink Floyd in 1971 and 1972
 The Kinks September 1, 1972 and April 13, 1974
 Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band on October 15, 1972
 Bette Midler in 1973, accompanied by, a then unknown, Barry Manilow.
 Jim Croce on February 23, 1973.  Croce was scheduled to return to the Syria Mosque on October 27 that year, but he died in a plane crash on September 20.
 The New York Dolls on October 18, 1973
 Barbara Mandrell October 26, 1973
 The Doobie Brothers on November 15, 1973
 The Beach Boys on August 31, 1973
 David Bowie in 1974
 The Carpenters in 1974
 ZZ Top in 1974
 The Eagles in 1974
 Jesse Colin Young in 1974
 Joni Mitchell on February 14, 1974. Accompanied by Tom Scott and the L.A. Express, who also performed as the opening act.
 Genesis on May 3, 1974 (Selling England by the Pound Tour), 1975
Helen Reddy and Robert Klein on April 2, 1976
Genesis (band) on 30 November 1974 (The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway Tour) and April 13, 1976 (A Trick of the Tail Tour); a recording of the April 13, 1976 show has since been widely bootlegged.
 Frank Zappa on November 6, 1974, on November 17, 1984 and on February 25, 1988 / March 8, 1988
 Van Morrison on May 21, 1974
 Miles Davis on March 17, 1975
 Lynyrd Skynyrd on May 27, 1975; guitarist Ed King’s last concert with the original band
 Bruce Springsteen on August 9, 1975.
 Stephen Stills on October 25, 1975
 George Benson (1976, 1977 and 1986)
 James Brown (1976 and 1986)
 James Taylor on July 25, 1976
 Kansas on October 30, 1976, in a show that was recorded and later broadcast by 102.5 WDVE-FM
 Bob Marley (1977)
 Beatlemania (musical) in 1981, shortly after the death of John Lennon
 June 14, 1982: The inaugural Mellon Jazz Festival (among other venues)
 Gallagher (Comedian), October 1982.
 Men at Work (opening act INXS), August 1983.
 August 4, 1983: Count Basie's final public concert performance.
 Dio in 1983
 Dire Straits in 1985.
 Tears for Fears on June 15, 1985
 Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force on July 9, 1985
 Black Sabbath in 1986
 Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble in 1986
 The Fabulous Thunderbirds in 1986 billed as "The Thunderbirds"
 R.E.M. in 1985 and 1986
 The Bangles in a MTV broadcast concert 1986
 New Order in 1986
 [Peabody High School Graduation June 6, 1986]
 Hüsker Dü on March 10, 1987
 The Cure, Whitesnake and Quiet Riot in 1987
 Jimmy Page in 1988
 Morton Downey, Jr in 1988
 The Ramones in 1987
 Jane's Addiction in 1988
 Anthrax, Exodus and Helloween in 1989 (as part of the MTV's Headbangers Ball Tour)
 Winger in 1989
 Jimmy Buffett on December 7, 1989
 Manhattan Transfer on December 27, 1989
 Public Enemy, Queen Latifah and Biz Markie on February 1, 1990
 XYZ (American band) on March 10, 1990
Benefit for Porky Chedwick on February 22, 1991
 Deep Purple on April 22, 1991

List of political events
Among the political events:
 October 24, 1923: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.
 January 2, 1944: Harry S Truman
 November 2, 1944: Harry S Truman, Orson Welles, Gov. Gifford Pinchot and Mrs. Kermit Roosevelt
 November 10, 1947: Making international headlines Henry A. Wallace announces he is a candidate for president.
 June 6, 1950: Ronald Reagan
 October 8, 1952: Richard Nixon addressing a crowd of 3,900.
 October 22, 1952: Harry S Truman
 November 1, 1956: Richard Nixon & Pat Nixon
 October 27, 1958: Dwight D. Eisenhower
 October 10, 1960: John F. Kennedy
 October 24, 1960: Richard Nixon
 November 4, 1966: The last public appearance by longtime mayor, governor and boss David L. Lawrence.

References

External links

 Picture Album
 Pittsburgh Music History -Lost Temple of Music
 Resurrecting the Syria Mosque
 Pittsburgh Post Gazette retrospective

Music venues in Pittsburgh
Music venues completed in 1912
1912 establishments in Pennsylvania
Demolished music venues in the United States
Demolished buildings and structures in Pittsburgh
Shriners


Julia Pascal  is a British playwright and theatre director.

Biography

Pascal was a NESTA Dreamtime Fellow in 2006 and Writer in Residence at the Wiener Library in 2007 with a Leverhulme Grant. Her archive is held by the University of York where she was Writer in Residence in 2003. Her journalism has been published in The Guardian, The Observer.The Independent, the Financial Times and The Times.

In 2016, Pascal received her PhD from York University's Theatre, Film and Television Department. King's College London awarded her a Research Fellowship in 2017. She is an Associate Research Fellow in the School of Arts at Birkbeck University of London and a Visiting Lecturer at City, University of London on the MA Theatre Writing course. She teaches theatre at St. Lawrence University's London Study Abroad Program. In 2019-2020 she was Writer in Residence at Dyspla.

Plays
A Jewish atheist, Pascal's stage plays include three grouped together as The Holocaust Trilogy. The first of these is Theresa, based on historical accounts of a Jewish woman in Guernsey during the German occupation in the Second World War. Original music for the play was composed by Kyla Greenbaum. It is followed by A Dead Woman on Holiday, which is set during the Nuremberg Trials, followed by her adaptation of Solomon Anski's The Dybbuk. Crossing Jerusalem is about the conflict in the Middle East. The Golem is a version of the Prague myth of the Golem for young audiences. St Joan is a satire based on a Jewish Black Londoner who dreams she is Joan of Arc. Year Zero reveals World War II stories from Vichy France. In 2007, her adaptation of The Merchant of Venice was staged at the Arcola Theatre and printed as The Shylock Play in 2009. Her autobiographical essay "Prima Ballerina Assoluta" appeared in a Virago Press collection Truth, Dare or Promise. Her other plays include The Yiddish Queen Lear and Woman In The Moon. Oberon Press publishes the texts of her plays.

The Dybbuk premiered in London at the New End Theatre, Hampstead, in July 1992, then the Lilian Baylis Theatre. Since 1992 it has played in Munich at the Festival of Jewish Theatre, at Maubeuge's International Theatre Festival, in Poland (British Council tour), Sweden, Belgium and on a British regional tour. The Dybbuk had its US premiere at Theater for the New City in New York City in August 2010. The Wedding Party (known as Bloody Wedding) was premiered at the Ohrid Festival 2012, Macedonia, and was performed at the Actor's Centre, London, in 2013.

Her play Nineveh was produced by Theatre Témoin at Riverside Studios in 2013. St Joan was produced at the Edinburgh Festival in August 2014 at the Bedlam Theatre.

Pascal's play Crossing Jerusalem became the centre of controversy in early 2016 when the Michael-Ann Russell Jewish Community Center's Cultural Arts Theatre in North Miami-Dade cut short the play's schedule, bending to members of the Jewish community who found the play to be critical of Israel. The Miami Herald said the incident "has left raw feelings among those who call the cancellation a capitulation to politics and those who say the play was deeply and needlessly hurtful". Pascal protested that “the intent of the play was to show the complexity of Israeli life”, and called the early closure "censorship." Forward magazine commented: "The controversy mirrors others faced by American JCCs over media perceived to be critical of Israel, notably in Washington and New York". Crossing Jerusalem was produced at the Karlsruhe Staatstheater as Mittendurch Jerusalem, translated by Thomas Huber.

Pascal's television drama documentary for the BBC, Charlotte and Jane, won awards from BAFTA and the Royal Television Society.

In 2019 her play inspired by Kurdish women soldiers, Blueprint Medea, premiered at The Finborough Theatre, London. At the same theatre her play about Irish and Jewish nationalism, 12-37, premiered in 2022. Her semi-staged reading of As Happy As God In France was seen at Burgh House, Hampstead for Holocaust Memorial Day 2023. A Manchester Girlhood premiered at the Old Electric Theatre, Blackpool, and Manchester Jewish Museum in 2023. Site specific plays Dancing, Talking Taboo! were performed at the Bloomsbury Festival 2021. In 2022 the Festival presented her Dancing, Trailblazing Taboo, about the life of Eleanor Marx.

References

External links
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/24/women-theatre-quotas-stage-gender
Pascal Theatre Company
Julia Pascal article, guardian.co.uk
Rehearsed reading of Broken English on 5 October 2009 at The Drill Hall
Rehearsed reading of Woman on the Bridge on 9 November 2009 at The Drill Hall
Information on her at London Metropolitan University
Julia Pascal Archives at University of York
Julia Pascal, "I slept with my teacher", The Times, 9 October 2008.
List of articles published by her in New Statesman

Living people
Jewish women writers
Jewish atheists
British atheists
British people of Romanian descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
British women dramatists and playwrights
21st-century British dramatists and playwrights
21st-century British women writers
20th-century British dramatists and playwrights
20th-century British women writers
21st-century British Jews
20th-century British Jews
British republicans


One Last Kiss may refer to:

Music
 One Last Kiss (EP), by Utada Hikaru, or the title song, 2021

Songs
 "One Last Kiss" (The J. Geils Band song), 1978
 "Blow Me (One Last Kiss)", by Pink, 2012
 "One Last Kiss", by Katrin Johansson, 2014
 "One Last Kiss", by Kylie Minogue from Golden, 2018
 "One Last Kiss", by Madina Lake from The Disappearance of Adalia, 2006
 "One Last Kiss", by the Other Two from Super Highways, 1999
 "One Last Kiss", by Sofia Shinas, 1992
 "One Last Kiss", by Thomai Apergi, 2013
 "One Last Kiss", written by Charles Strouse and Lee Adams for the stage musical Bye Bye Birdie, 1958

Other uses
 "One Last Kiss" (Full House), a 1990 television episode
 One Last Kiss, a 1998 Fear Street Sagas novel by Brandon Alexander

See also
 Last Kiss (disambiguation)


Loxley Hall is an early-19th-century country house near Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, now occupied by a Staffordshire County Council special school for boys with learning difficulties. It is a Grade II* listed building.

An early manor house on the site was owned by the Ferrers family and from the 14th century following the marriage of the Ferrers heiress, by a branch of the Kynnersley family (Sneyd-Kynnersley from 1815).

In the 18th century a substantial mansion was built on the site, the main entrance front to the south having eleven bays, the central three bays pedimented, and two storeys with dormers. The east wing was of five bays.

Mary Kynnersley was born here in the 1700s. Thomas Kynnersley was her father. She married into European aristocracy becoming Baroness de Bode in the nobility of the Holy Roman empire. She lost a fortune in the French revolution and died in 1812 in Moscow.

Alfred Tennyson wrote the Locksley Hall poems after a mansion of the same name in Staffordshire, former country house of Thomas Kynnersley.

In the early 19th century the house was remodelled and enlarged. A third storey under a hipped roof was added and the east wing was extended to seven bays.

See also
Grade II* listed buildings in East Staffordshire
Listed buildings in Uttoxeter Rural

External links

   Images of England: Loxley Hall
 Burkes History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland (1835) pp166–169. Sneyd-Kynnersley of Loxley Park

References

Grade II* listed buildings in Staffordshire
Uttoxeter


The RiverBank was a bank offering banking, insurance and investment services. On October 7, 2011 the Minnesota Department of Commerce shut down The RiverBank and subsequently the FDIC was named Receiver.  To protect depositors, the FDIC entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with Central Bank, Stillwater, Minnesota, to assume all of the deposits of The RiverBank.

History
In 1894, Charles Oakey made a decision that Osceola needed to have a bank. Mr. Oakey planned the organization of a private bank and opened for business in the "Filzen Building," now known as "P.Y.'s." Charles'  nephew, Harry Harding, joined him as a cashier and they managed The Bank of Osceola for the next four decades. In 1903, the bank became a state bank and corporation.

The demand for financial services increased to the point where another bank appeared practical, so Jean A. Sleeper seized the opportunity, organized a new bank and built a brick building for it across the street from The Bank of Osceola. The new Osceola State Bank opened to the public on October 21, 1916. Both banks prospered for several years, then came the Stock Market Crash, the Great Depression and the bank holiday. When order had been restored in late 1932, the two banks had merged. The bank was now under the leadership of Mr. B. J. Zimmerman, who had been with the Osceola State Bank since 1923.

In 1996, the bank, in response to industry changes, looked to expand its market area and purchased property in both St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin and North Hudson, Wisconsin. The bank looked to change its name to more closely align with its planned expansion in the St. Croix Valley. In August 1995, the Bank of Osceola became known as The RiverBank. The bank opened its first branch in St. Croix Falls in December 1995. The second branch facility was opened in North Hudson, Wisconsin in May 1998. Locations have since been added in MarketPlace Foods and Somerset, Wisconsin and in Chisago City and Wyoming, Minnesota.

Locations
The RiverBank has locations in:

Wisconsin
 Osceola, Wisconsin
 St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
 MarketPlace Foods, located in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
 North Hudson, Wisconsin
 Somerset, Wisconsin

Minnesota
 Chisago Lakes, Minnesota
 Wyoming, Minnesota

References

Banks based in Wisconsin
Banks established in 1903
Defunct banks of the United States
Banks disestablished in 2011


The Regional Economics Applications Laboratory (REAL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a regional science research center for advanced graduate students in the fields of economics, geography, urban and regional planning, computer science and mathematics. Professor Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, one of its founders, served as its director until 2016. Professor Sandy Dall'erba has been its director since 2016.

Main goal
Created in 1989 by Philip Israilevich and Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, the Regional Economics Applications Laboratory (REAL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign started as a cooperative venture between the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the University of Illinois.

While analyses of economies at the national level have long been prominent in the field of economics, increasing fragmentation of the production process in conjunction with increasing regional specialization due to the reduction of transportation costs obliges us to consider economies from a sub-national or even local perspective. Further, the last decade has seen remarkable progress in techniques for spatial economic analysis – the measurement and interpretation of economic activity across geographies as small as counties to units as extensive as individual countries.

Based on these approaches and techniques, REAL’s mission is to provide timely, high quality analytical economic information for a variety of uses such as public policy decision making by public sector agencies and for strategic marketing in the private sector. REAL's capabilities revolve around comprehensive state and metropolitan models that integrate econometric and input-output analysis to provide for both impact and forecasting analyses. Current activities focus on interstate trade, forecasts for the Chicago, Illinois and other Midwest economies, housing market analysis and forecasts, demographic-economic modeling (especially the role of aging and immigration) and the development of alternative computable general equilibrium models created on the same data base.

Research at REAL always attempts to provide a range of exposure to new curricula materials, methods of conducting interdisciplinary and international collaborative research and guidance in the preparation of material for dissemination in the public policy arena.  The latter component is extremely important and undervalued, yet academic research over the next decade is likely to be more project-driven with funding from stakeholders whose interest lie in the policy arena and less in the academic or scholarly content.  Hence, it is important that scholars learn, at an early stage in their career, how to balance the needs of client-based research with demands imposed on them by the academy for demonstrating high levels of scholarly achievement.

REAL was created to operate like a science laboratory - with students and faculty together in one space, promoting interaction and collaboration.  A weekly seminar series provides students with many opportunities to present their research and an active Discussion Paper series on the web ensures wide dissemination for research.  REAL is supported by external grants and contracts, many of which have been developed with agencies in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Austria.  Most of the research has successfully served two markets - academic journals and public policy.

Student involvement
Since its inception, REAL has provided at least two years (and usually more) support for 38 doctoral students from agricultural economics, economics, geography and urban and regional planning, welcomed 8 "bolsa sandwiche" PhD students from Brazil who spent one year at REAL working on their doctoral dissertations and hosted over 100 international visitors (visiting students, visiting scholars and visiting professors) who stayed three months or more. Several experiences of foreign scholars coming informally to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign demonstrated that a period of one or two semesters resulted in a major contribution to the thesis of these young researchers, as well as to their personal enhancement.  At any one time, from 15 to 30 visitors and students will be in residence. An updated list of past and current members is available from the following link: http://www.real.uiuc.edu/

Foreign visitors appreciate more especially the exposure to the challenges, issues and opportunities in another country because it provides them an important perspective that cannot be “taught” effectively by distance learning. Residence in another country, coupled with engagement with other students and faculty involved in their work provide them with an invaluable learning opportunity. In addition, the mass of students and the profound respect of REAL’s director for the various techniques of regional science allow foreign visitors to build quickly partnerships for their work and receive sound feedback.

Over the years, several colleagues, such as Rodney Jensen (Australia), Michael Sonis (Israel), Eduardo Haddad (Brazil), Joaquim Guilhoto (Brazil), Carlos Azzoni (Brazil), Miguel Marquez (Spain), Julian Ramajo (Spain) and Nikolaos Kalyviotis (Greece) have become regular visitors.  The collaboration with Sonis has yielded over 75 publications (including two edited monographs and 24 book chapters). About one third of REAL's alumni are working in academia, another third in local, state and international agencies and the remaining third in the private sector.

The sister organization of REAL is EU-REAL , the European Union – Regional Economics Applications Laboratory. EU-REAL is a research net in regional science integrated by European scholars tied to REAL. Their goal is to foment the cooperation of their different members, establish permanent linkage among the participant researchers, and promote the development of different investigation lines in regional science.

Sources
http://www.real.uiuc.edu/
http://www.real.uiuc.edu/news/marathon01.pdf
http://eco.unex.es/eureal/

Economic research institutes
Research institutes established in 1989
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign centers and institutes


Jonquières (; ) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

Population

See also
 Corbières AOC
 Communes of the Aude department

References

Communes of Aude
Aude communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Poilley refers to two communes in France:
Poilley, Ille-et-Vilaine
Poilley, Manche


Unsinkable Sam (also known as Oskar or Oscar) is the nickname of a ship's cat who purportedly served during World War II with both the Kriegsmarine and the Royal Navy and survived the sinking of three ships.

History
The cat's original name is unknown.  The name "Oscar" was given by the crew of the  British destroyer HMS Cossack that rescued him from the sea following the sinking of the German battleship  Bismarck.  "Oscar" was derived from the International Code of Signals for the letter 'O', which is code for "Man Overboard" (the German spelling, "Oskar", was sometimes used, since he was a German cat).

Bismarck

The black-and-white-patched cat was supposedly owned by an unknown crewman of the German battleship Bismarck and was on board the ship on 18 May 1941 when he set sail on Operation Rheinübung (German for  Rhine Exercise), Bismarcks only mission. Bismarck was sunk after a fierce naval battle on 27 May, and only 115 of her crew of over 2,100 survived the engagement. Hours later, Oscar was purportedly found floating on a board and picked from the water by the British destroyer HMS Cossack. Unaware of what his name had been on Bismarck, the crew of Cossack named their new mascot "Oscar".

HMS Cossack

The cat served on board Cossack for the next few months as the ship carried out convoy escort duties in the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean. On 24 October 1941, Cossack was escorting a convoy from Gibraltar to Great Britain when she was severely damaged by a torpedo fired by the . The initial explosion had blown off one third of the forward section of the ship, killing 159 of the crew; however, Oscar survived this, too, and was subsequently brought to the shore establishment in Gibraltar. The crew were transferred to the destroyer , and an attempt was made to tow the badly listing Cossack back to Gibraltar. However, worsening weather conditions meant the task became impossible and had to be abandoned. On 27 October, a day after the tow was slipped, Cossack sank to the west of Gibraltar.

HMS Ark Royal

Now nicknamed "Unsinkable Sam", the cat was soon transferred to the aircraft carrier , which coincidentally had been instrumental in the destruction of Bismarck (along with Cossack). However, Sam was to find no better luck there, and when returning from Malta on 14 November 1941, this ship was also torpedoed, this time by . Attempts were also made to tow Ark Royal to Gibraltar, but the unstoppable inflow of water made the task futile. The carrier rolled over and sank 30 miles from Gibraltar. The slow rate at which the ship sank meant that all but one of the crew could be saved. The survivors, including Sam, who had been found clinging to a floating plank by a Motor Launch and described as "angry but quite unharmed", were transferred to HMS Lightning and the same HMS Legion which had rescued the crew of Cossack. Legion would itself be sunk in 1942, while the Lightning would be sunk in 1943.

The loss of Ark Royal proved the end of Sam's shipborne career. He was transferred first to the offices of the Governor of Gibraltar and then sent back to the United Kingdom, where he saw out the remainder of the war living in a seaman's home in Belfast called the "Home for Sailors". Sam died in 1955. A pastel portrait of Sam by the artist Georgina Shaw-Baker (1860–1951) is in the possession of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.

Historicity

Some authorities question whether Oscar/Sam's biography might be a "sea story", because – for example – there are pictures of two different cats identified as Oscar/Sam.

There is no mention of this incident in Ludovic Kennedy's detailed account of the sinking of the Bismarck, suggesting that information later gleaned from sailors regarding the cat's true service were apocryphal.  There were only a limited number of human survivors, as British ships had to abandon picking up survivors as there was believed to be a U-boat in the area.

References

Further reading

1955 animal deaths
German battleship Bismarck
Individual cats in the United Kingdom
Military animals of World War II


Air time or airtime may refer to:

Air time (broadcasting), also spelled "airtime", available hours for broadcast or time purchased for broadcast
Air time (mobile phone), also spelled "airtime", top-up for mobile roaming services
Air time (rides), also spelled "airtime" , negative g forces in amusement rides
Air time (parachuting), also spelled "airtime" , time before the parachute opens in skydiving
Air time, also spelled "airtime", amount of radio airplay for a record in popular music
Air time, also spelled "airtime" , the measurement of the portion of a flight that is off the ground in aviation.

Entertainment
Airtime (band), 2007 project of Canadian guitarist Rik Emmett
Air Time, 1978 jazz album by Air
Air Time: The Best of Glass Tiger, album 1993
Air Time '57, 1957 TV series
Michael Jordan Air Time, 1992 documentary TV film of Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls' 1991–92 season

Business
Airtime (software), freeware radio management application originally named LiveSupport, and then Campcaster developed in 2003 by Micz Flor, a German new-media developer.
Airtime.com, live video website
Airtime Television TV news broadcast syndication agency and production company based at London Heathrow Airport
Airtime Management and Programming Sdn Bhd, Malaysian broadcaster, now Astro Radio
Airtime Products, defunct Australian aircraft manufacturer specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors
Airtime Discovery, Australian paramotor for powered paragliding
Airtime Explorer, an Australian powered hang glider that was designed and produced by Airtime Products of Airlie Beach, Queensland. Now out of production


was a Japanese samurai of the early Sengoku period, who served the Hosokawa clan. Motokazu was a retainer of Hosokawa Masamoto and deputy governor of Settsu Province. In the Autumn of 1504 he rebelled against Masamoto and marched to Kyoto but his rebellion was defeated seventeen days later when Masamoto's forces took his castle of Yodo. Motokazu was captured and committed seppuku.

References

Daimyo
1475 births
1504 deaths
Suicides by seppuku
16th-century suicides


Pacé may refer to:

 Pacé, Ille-et-Vilaine, in Brittany, France
 Pacé, Orne, in Normandy, France
 Bertrand Pacé (born 1961), French racing sailor

See also
 Pace (disambiguation)


The Master Key is a 1914 American film serial directed by Robert Z. Leonard. It is considered to be lost, with only episode 5 of 15 surviving in the Library of Congress.

Cast
 Robert Z. Leonard as John Dore
 Ella Hall as Ruth Gallon
 Harry Carter as Harry Wilkerson
 Jean Hathaway as Jean Darnell
 Alfred Hickman as Charles Everett
 Wilbur Higby as Tom Gallon
 Charles Manley as Tom Kane
 Jack Holt as Donald Faversham
 Jim Corey as Wah Sing
 Allan Forrest
 Mack V. Wright
 Rupert Julian
 Cleo Madison
 Edward A. Mills
 James Robert Chandler - (as Robert Chandler)
 Marc Robbins

References

External links

1914 films
1914 short films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures film serials
Films directed by Robert Z. Leonard
Lost American films
1914 directorial debut films
1910s American films
1914 lost films
1910s English-language films


Nina Coltart (21 November 1927 – 24 June 1997), a British psychoanalyst, psychotherapist, and essayist.

Family
She was born in Shortlands, Kent, England. Her father was a medical doctor and her mother, a housewife. In 1940 she and her younger sister Gill were evacuated to Cornwall, where they lived with their maternal grandmother and a nanny who, years before, had cared for Coltart's mother. Coltart's parents died in a train wreck under blackout conditions that year on their way to visit their daughters.

Education
Coltart attended Sherborne School for Girls and from there went to Somerville College, Oxford, where she read English and Modern Languages. She applied to St. Bartholomew's Hospital's Medical College, where she was the first female editor of the Barts Journal. She earned a medical degree there and began work as a psychiatrist.

Psychoanalysis
Soon after Coltart began training in psychoanalysis. In her training analysis she was analyzed by Eva Rosenfeld. Coltart began her private practice in London in 1961. In 1964 Coltart qualified as an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society. She became a Full Member in 1969, and a training analyst in 1971. Much later, she would write, "Ever since childhood, I could think of nothing that gave me more intense enjoyment than listening to people telling me their stories. To that end she consulted with patients for referral, assessing more than 3,000 patients in her career.

Coltart was known as an enthusiastic, warm, and encouraging mentor. Christopher Bollas called her "one of the great training analysts." She took on especially difficult patients and wrote "in language devoid of jargon, dogma, or pretentiousness" about her cases. She used concepts and thinkers from philosophy and literature to illuminate her writing and thought. Love, religion, grief, the psychoanalytic relationship, morality, culture, the silent patient, and the body—including that of the therapist, who sits all day — are some of the many areas she explored. She lectured widely, traveling to the U.S., Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and Israel.

Coltart was a neo-Freudian and a Buddhist and theorized that there are distinct similarities in the transformation of the self that occurs in both psychoanalysis and Buddhism.

Coltart was Director of the London Clinic of Psychoanalysis for ten years and Vice President of the British Psychoanalytical Society.

Euthanasia
She retired in 1994 to her house in the country in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire.  Due to long hours of sitting for her work, plus years of heavy smoking, she developed a collapsed vertebra, giving her constant, severe pain. Her pain killers then caused a perforated stomach ulcer, seriously worsening her condition. As a Buddhist she was completely calm about her own death and she chose to end her life through voluntary, self-induced euthanasia on 24 June 1997.

References

External links
 Coltart, Nina. 1992. Slouching Towards Bethlehem, The Guilford Press, New York
 Coltart, Nina. 1993. How to Survive as a Psychotherapist, Sheldon Press, London
 Coltart, Nina. 1996. The Baby and the Bathwater,  H. Karnac (Books) Ltd. London
 "The Therapists Body - Anthony Cantle", Freud Museum Conference on the Therapist's Body, 21 May 2000,

1927 births
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
1997 deaths
English essayists
British psychoanalysts
British psychotherapists
People from Bromley
People educated at Sherborne Girls
20th-century British essayists
People from Leighton Buzzard