The Takeaway was a weekday radio news program co-created and co-produced by Public Radio International and WNYC. Its editorial partner is WGBH-FM; at launch the BBC World Service and The New York Times were also editorial partners. In addition to co-producing the program, PRX also distributes the program nationwide to its affiliated stations. The program debuted on WNYC in New York, WGBH in Boston, and WEAA in Baltimore. At time of its last broadcast, the program had approximately 241 carrying stations across the country, including markets in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Miami, Portland, Boston, and more.

The show has had several permanent hosts since its inception in 2008, sometimes with a single host, other times with two hosts. The program began with two co-hosts Adaora Udoji and John Hockenberry. Celeste Headlee replaced Udoji to become the second permanent co-host of The Takeaway. After Headlee left The Takeaway, Hockenberry remained the solo host for the next five years, he was eventually replaced by Tanzina Vega. After Vega's hosting tenure, Melissa Harris-Perry took over hosting duties until the show's end in 2023.

On February 17, 2023 WNYC, and  PRX announced that The Takeaway had been cancelled, and the last episode of the show would air on June 2, 2023.

Mission
The program's stated intent is to deliver "national and international news and cultural stories through a conversational and unprecedented personality-driven format." The program launched on April 28, 2008, initially airing in two separate live feeds—from 6am to 7am on WNYC 93.9FM and from 8 to 9am on AM820.

On January 25, 2010, as part of WNYC-FM's new schedule the show was moved to WNYC-AM, a later hour, and expanded to four hours. On September 3, 2012, the show was reduced to one hour.

The program has received major philanthropic support from The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, and the Skoll Foundation.

Presenters
The show initially launched with Nigerian-American broadcaster Adaora Udoji and John Hockenberry as co-hosts. Udoji left the show after eight months. Over the course of several months in 2009, The Takeaway featured various guest co-hosts, including African-American journalist Farai Chideya, WDET news director Jerome Vaughn; television presenters Daljit Dhaliwal and Lynn Sherr; and broadcast journalists Katherine Lanpher and Celeste Headlee. In addition, staffers Femi Oke and Todd Zwillich also guest-hosted. After several stints as guest co-host, Headlee joined the show as permanent co-host September 21, 2009 until her departure August 17, 2012.

Hockenberry anchored until August 2017, stepping down without an appointed replacement. Todd Zwillich served as an interim host.

On March 27, 2018, it was announced that Tanzina Vega, formerly of CNN and The New York Times, would be the new host of The Takeaway. Vega started hosting the program on May 7, 2018. Later that year, Amy Walter, of the Cook Political Report, joined as Friday host.

On July 23, 2021, Vega announced her departure from The Takeaway and WNYC. Melissa Harris-Perry was named as interim host following Tanzina Vega's departure.

On October 18, 2021, Harris-Perry was named permanent host and managing editor of the program.

Format
With the program's debut, public radio had more than one program available throughout the morning drive across time zones for the first time. The format of the program was influenced by discussions at the Stanford Joint Program in Design.  It has a different tone and approach from NPR's Morning Edition, delivering national and international news and cultural stories through a conversational and personality-driven format rather than a magazine, packaged pieces format like Morning Edition. The web presence of the program allows listeners to respond immediately to news and participate in editorial decision-making, as well as building a significant online community around the content.

Effective September 2012, with an expiration of a Corporation for Public Broadcasting grant and limited uptake at public radio stations, The Takeaway was reduced to one hour, feeding at 9am Eastern with an updated hour feeding at 12 noon Eastern for the Pacific Time Zone and midday Eastern markets. WGBH Boston airs the program every weekday at 10am and 2pm Eastern.

The difference between the expectations of public radio listeners and the tone of the program initially led to a negative response from some listeners. However, a 2012 study noted that the program had succeeded in attracting a more diverse audience, with African American listenership exceeding public radio averages by 60%. The show also received multiple awards, including The Corporation for Public Broadcasting's Community Lifeline Award (shared with WNYC for coverage of Hurricane Sandy in 2012) and the 2011 Radio and Television Digital News Association/UNITY Award (for their series "Fluid Identities").

Controversies
In 2011, The Takeaway dismissed part-time freelancer Caitlin Curran, after she had participated in the Occupy Wall Street protests. According to WNYC's company guidelines: "Individuals may not participate in an advocacy manner in events involving causes or issues that New York Public Radio covers or may cover." At the time, The Takeaway was covering the protests extensively. The dismissal was widely criticized.

On December 1, 2017, New York magazine published journalist Suki Kim's story alleging that John Hockenberry had created a toxic work environment for his co-hosts and lower-level co-workers and had even crossed the line of sexual harassment. In WNYC's own reporting about the story, journalist Ilya Marritz stated that four women had "approached WNYC News to say they recently filed harassment complaints with the station and have been dissatisfied with the response from human resources." In the wake of these revelations former host Adaora Udoji published an editorial in U.S. online edition of The Guardian, describing her experience as "an excruciating, painful ride that would haunt me nearly 10 years later."

Five days after the Hockenberry story was published in New York magazine, WNYC suspended two of their best known hosts, Leonard Lopate and Jonathan Schwartz pending investigations into "inappropriate conduct". Two weeks later WNYC announced that both hosts had been fired for violating WNYC's "standards for providing an inclusive, appropriate, and respectful work environment."

On January 26, 2018, WNYC announced that Chief Content Officer Dean Cappello would no longer oversee WNYC News and WNYC Studios, nor would he oversee any direct reports.

The cancellation of The Takeaway was mired in controversy. WNYC cited the expensive nature of producing a daily radio program, as well as a decline in the listening audience. They noted that the carriage of the program on public radio stations across the United States has dropped 13% in the last several years. LaFontaine Oliver CEO of  NYPR cited a $7 million deficit for the company in 2023. Members of the NYPR employees' union countered by pointing out that executive compensation remains completely intact, executive compensation numbers estimated to be $1.85 million with Oliver himself taking three quarters of a million dollars.

References

External links

Public Radio International
New York magazine interview with Hockenberry and Udoji
The best of John Hockenberry. WNYC.org
#MeToo Hits Home: John Hockenberry Accused of Harassment, Bullying
Harassment and Bullying Allegations Rock WNYC After Departure of Celebrated Host
The Takeaway's own coverage: John Hockenberry Accused of Sexual Harassment
How New York Public Radio Is Dodging Accountability for Its Sexual Harassment Problem
New York Magazine's The Cut -- Do As I Say, Not As I Do: WNYC tolerated sexual harassment and bullying for years. Now, its CEO must satisfy angry staffers without sliding into an overzealous panic

American news radio programs
British news radio programmes
Public Radio International programs
WNYC Studios programs
Takeaway
2008 radio programme debuts
2023 radio programme endings


Ryan Jardine (born March 15, 1980) is a Canadian former professional Ice Hockey forward. He played 8 games in the National Hockey League with the Florida Panthers during the 2001–02 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 2000 to 2014, was spent in the minor American Hockey League and later in several European leagues.

Playing career
Jardine was born in Carleton Place, Ontario, and played major junior with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League and his Junior A with the Kanata Stallions of the Canadian Junior Hockey League. Jardine was drafted 89th overall in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League.

After spending the 2000–01 AHL season with the Louisville Panthers of the American Hockey League (AHL), Jardine played eight games for the Panthers during the 2001–02 NHL season with two assists. Jardine played in 64 regular season games and four playoff games for the Utah Grizzlies of the AHL during the 2001–02 AHL season and then spent the next three seasons with the San Antonio Rampage, also of the AHL. Jardine then moved to Europe, signing with the Hamburg Freezers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga in Germany. After one season with the Freezers, he signed with the Swedish Elitserien team Mora IK and then with the Slovenian team HDD Olimpija Ljubljana of the Erste Back Eishockey Liga. In 2007, Jardine signed with HC Interspar Bolzano-Bozen of Serie A in Itay, where he played for three seasons. On September 30, 2010, the Missouri Mavericks of the Central Hockey League (CHL) signed Jardine for the 2010–2011 Central Hockey League season.

On September 3, 2011, Jardine signed with Lørenskog IK of GET-ligaen. On September 21, 2011, after playing two games and accumulating 2 Assists for Lørenskog IK, Jardine was granted his request to be released by the team for familial reasons. On October 2, 2011, Jardine signed with the Chicago Wolves of the AHL, and was re-assigned to the Mavericks, the Wolves' new CHL affiliate, the next day. On September 8, 2012, Jardine returned to the Mavericks for the 2012–13 season by directly signing with the team.

On August 1, 2013, Jardine signed with the Cornwall River Kings of Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey.

In July 2014, Missouri Mavericks fans voted Jardine the fourth-greatest Mavericks player in a poll of the Top-10 Mavericks players from the first 5 years of the team's existence.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Bolzano HC players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Slovenia
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Florida Panthers draft picks
Florida Panthers players
Hamburg Freezers players
HDD Olimpija Ljubljana players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey players
Lørenskog IK players
Louisville Panthers players
Missouri Mavericks players
Mora IK players
People from Carleton Place
Sportspeople from Lanark County
San Antonio Rampage players
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players


Utricularia unifolia is a medium-sized perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. unifolia is native to Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama) and western South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). It was originally published and described by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez in 1797 and later considered a synonym of Utricularia alpina until Peter Taylor's 1989 monograph on the genus where he restored the species as distinct from U. alpina. It grows as a terrestrial or epiphytic plant on moss-covered trees, rocks, or banks in cloud forests at altitudes between  and . U. unifolia usually produces only one leaf (rarely two or three), which is where the species epithet "unifolia" is derived from.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of Central America
Carnivorous plants of South America
Epiphytes
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Costa Rica
Flora of Ecuador
Flora of Nicaragua
Flora of Panama
Flora of Peru
Flora of Venezuela
unifolia
Plants described in 1797


The Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe is a Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion of North Africa. It occupies interior plateaus and mountain ranges of the Maghreb region, lying generally between the coastal Mediterranean woodlands and forests to the north and the Sahara to the south.

Setting
The Mediterranean woodlands and forests occupy an area of  in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The main portion of the ecoregions extends from the southern slopes of the High Atlas in eastern Morocco across Algeria and Tunisia, where it meets the Mediterranean shore at the Gulf of Gabes. In Algeria, it lies south of the coastal Tell Atlas, covering the high plateau and Saharan Atlas. Further east, several enclaves of the ecoregion lie nearer the coast. In western Tripolitania it lies to the Mediterranean shore, and on the Cyrenaica peninsula it forms a belt between the Mediterranean woodlands and forests and the Sahara. The easternmost portion of the ecoregion is a small coastal enclave lying just west of the Nile Delta in Egypt, near the city of Alexandria.

Climate
The climate of the region is arid and annual rainfall is between 100 and 300 mm. The rainfall occurs mainly during the winter months, normally as intermittent storms. It can get as cold as 0°C during the winter and temperatures can climb to 40 °C during the summer months, the mean annual temperature is around 18 °C.

Settlement
The human population of these regions is low, settled agriculture is only viable in valleys where there is a supply of water, such as dayas, depressions with good quality soil, and the beds of wadis. In these areas it is possible to cultivate fodder and food crops. Such agriculture may not be possible every year and thus farmers shift to follow the rainfall. Pupulation densities are low and most of the population is somewhat nomadic, however, there are some permanent settlements in coastal towns where the main economic activity is fishing.

Habitat
At higher elevations on the plateau, different types of steppe vegetation dominate depending on soil conditions, for example in the slopes and foothills of the Atlas Mountains there is a steppe dominated by Stipa tenacissima whereas Artemisia herba-alba dominates in where there are silty slopes and depressions; Lygeum spartum steppe grows in sandy soils. Where sand accumulates  there is a mosaic of vegetation types including patches of Thymeleae muicrophila, Aristida pungens, Retama retam, and of tamarisks Tamarix spp. In depressions the vegetation includes a scrub consisting of the Mount Atlas mastic tree Pistacia atlantica, Ziziphus lotus, Asterichus graveolens and mallows Malva spp.

Fauna
The fauna lacks endemism and most species found are widespread. There are abundant small mammals including many gerbil species, the endangered four-toed jerboa Allactaga tetradactyla and the Günther's vole Microtus guentheri. Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia and mountain gazelle Gazella cuvieri still have populations in the region, as does the striped hyena Htaena hyaena, and these are mixed with mammals which have more European origins such as wild boar Sus scrofa, Eurasian otter Lutra lutra and red fox Vulpes vulpes. These European affinities are echoed in the herpetofauna where grass snake Natrix natrix, Sahara frog Pelophylax saharicus and the European green toad Bufo viridis mixed with the African common toad Amietophrynus regularis. The North African ostrich Struthio camelus camelus occurred in this region but is now largely extirpated.

References

External links

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Ecoregions of Africa
Ecoregions of Algeria
Ecoregions of Egypt
Ecoregions of Libya
Ecoregions of Morocco
Ecoregions of Tunisia

Atlas Mountains
Maghreb
Palearctic ecoregions
Ecoregions of the Mediterranean Basin


Grant McNeill (born June 8, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was drafted 68th overall in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers and played three games with the Panthers in the National Hockey League in the 2003–04 season.

He last played with the South Carolina Stingrays of the ECHL on contract from the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League.

Career statistics

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Florida Everblades players
Florida Panthers draft picks
Florida Panthers players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
People from the County of Vermilion River
Prince Albert Raiders players
Rochester Americans players
San Antonio Rampage players
South Carolina Stingrays players
Texas Wildcatters players
Wheeling Nailers players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players


Israeli Apartheid Week (IAW) is an annual series of university lectures and rallies held in February or March. According to the organization, "the aim of IAW is to educate people about the nature of Israel as an apartheid system and to build Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaigns as part of a growing global BDS movement." Since IAW began in Toronto in 2005, it has spread to at least 55 cities, including locations in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Botswana, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, Palestine, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Efficacy
The organizers have said the week has "played an important role in raising awareness and disseminating information about Zionism, the Palestinian liberation struggle and its similarities with the indigenous sovereignty struggle in North America and the South African anti-Apartheid movement." An international divestment campaign is also said to have gained momentum in response to the 2005 statement by over 170 Palestinian civil society organizations who called for boycotts, divestments and sanctions. They also claimed that important gains had been made in the campaign in countries like South Africa, the U.K., Canada and the U.S.

The years preceding 2008, a significant year marking the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the state of Israel, saw a sharp increase of literature and analysis that was said to have sought to document and challenge alleged Israeli apartheid, including reports by major international bodies and human rights organizations and findings published by political leaders, thinkers, academics, and activists. The efforts were also said to have highlighted the role that people and governments could play in providing "solidarity with the Palestinian struggle by exerting urgent pressure on Israel to alter its current structure and practices as an apartheid state."

Expanse
Cities and schools to have hosted an Israeli Apartheid Week include Oxford University (Oxford), New York City, the University of Toronto, the University of Ottawa, Montreal, Hamilton, London, Cambridge, and Soweto, South Africa.

Speakers have included Balad MK Jamal Zahalka in 2007 and former MK Azmi Bishara, also of Balad, who began Israeli Apartheid Week 2008 with a live broadcast from Soweto.

In 2009, locations included Abu Dis, Berkeley, Boston College, Emory University, Bir Zeit, Edinburgh, Edmonton, Johannesburg, Oxford, Kalkilya, San Francisco, Soweto, Tulkarm and Washington, D.C.

In 2010, locations included Jerusalem, Amsterdam, Bard University, Beirut, Berkeley, Bethlehem, Bil'in, Bogota, Bologna, Boston, Cape Town, Caracas, Chicago, Connecticut, Duluth, Dundee, Durban, Eastern Cape, Edinburgh, Edmonton, Gaza, Glasgow, Guelph, Hamilton, Houston, Ireland, Jenin, Johannesburg, Kingston, London (Ontario), London (U.K.), Madrid, Melbourne, Minneapolis/St.Paul, Montréal, Nablus, New York City, Nil'in, Ottawa, Oxford, Peterborough, Pisa, Pretoria, Providence, Puebla, Roma, San Francisco, Seattle, Sudbury, Tilburg, Toronto, Truro (California), Utrecht, Vancouver, Waterloo and Winnipeg.

In 2014, locations included Vienna, Brussels, Ghent, Botswana, Cuiaba, Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Peterborough, Regina, Sudbury, Toronto, Vancouver, Waterloo, Winnipeg, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Joensuu, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Metz, Nantes, Paris, Strasbourg, Tours, Berlin, Freiberg, Stuttgart, Delhi, Cork, Dublin, Galway, Bologna, Cagliari, Rome, Venice, Japan, Amman, Irbid, Seoul, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia,  Morocco, Oslo, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Gaza, Nablus, Naqab, Ramallah, Tulkarem, Yaffa (Jaffa), Aliwal North, Benoni, Cape Town, Durban, Fleurhof, Grahamstown, Johannesburg, Laudium, Mitchells Plain, Orange Farm, Pietermaritzburg, Polokwane, Port Elizabeth, Port Shepstone, Pretoria, Roshnee, Rustenburg, Soweto, Stellenbosch, Barcelona, Gijon, Irunea, Madrid, Palma, Sevilla, Valencia, Malmo, Stockholm, Basel, Berne, Geneva, Syria, Golan Heights, Bangkok, Birmingham, Bradford, Cambridge, Dundee, Durham, Edinburgh, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, Kent, Lancaster, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Northampton, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, Southampton, Sussex, London, Albuquerque, Arizona, Beaumont, Boston, Cambridge, Chicago, Dearborn, Delaware, Louisville, Maryland, Massachusetts, Milwaukee, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Olympia, Omaha, Philadelphia, Seattle, Toledo and Washington, D.C.

Notable demonstrations and speakers
In 2012, the Palestine Society of the London School of Economics (LSE) erected an "Israeli Apartheid Wall", which led to a confrontation after pro-Israel students threw water balloons at it in protest.

In 2013, Harvard University's Palestine Solidarity Committee, which organizes IAW at Harvard, posted mock eviction notices on students' dorm room doors.

U.S. scholar and MIT professor Noam Chomsky has spoken various times at many university campuses as part of IAW.

Ben White, a freelance journalist and author of two books on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, has been an active speaker during IAW in both the U.S. and the U.K., including at his alma mater, Cambridge.

Israeli historian and Exeter professor Ilan Pappé has spoken at IAW events throughout the U.K.

Israeli historian and Oxford professor Avi Shlaim has given IAW speeches, including one at the London School of Economics.

Views on the conference and its activities

Support

Israeli Apartheid Week events are almost always hosted by solidarity societies and organizations associated with academic institutions. Speakers at various meetings around the world support the Week's goals. An Arab citizen of Israel and member of the Knesset, Jamal Zahalka, spoke in Montréal in 2007. He said: "Calling the occupation apartheid isn’t an overstatement, it’s an understatement. The Israeli occupation in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip is worse than apartheid."

In 2014, South Africa's ruling party, the African National Congress, officially endorsed Israeli Apartheid Week. The ANC, which led the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, said participating in that year's Apartheid Week was part of its commitment to the international anti-apartheid movement and that it remains "unequivocal in its support for the Palestinian people in their struggle for self-determination, and unapologetic in its view that the Palestinians are the victims and the oppressed in the conflict with Israel."

According to IAW organizers, there has been "a sharp increase of literature and analysis that has sought to document and challenge Israeli apartheid, including reports issued by major international bodies and human rights organizations and findings published by political leaders, thinkers, academics, and activists."

Reaction by university administration
University of Toronto president David Naylor said of IAW, "this isn't [my] favourite time of year." But he responded to objections from the Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies in signing a statement that declared, "We do, in fact, recognize that the term Israeli Apartheid is upsetting to many people, [but] we also recognize that, in every society, universities have a unique role to provide a safe venue for highly charged discourse."

University of Manitoba president David Barnard, in a 2010 report to the Board of Governors about IAW, wrote that "while he had not personally attended any of the events, the events proceeded as anticipated and were orderly. He added that he had received a lot of communication from the external community regarding this and that while there were a number of people against the event, there was also support for the University's position in allowing the event to proceed." In 2011, Barnard responded publicly to complaints about IAW, saying, "Ultimately, we have an obligation to uphold the right to freedom of expression, and will not censor an individual or group for what has not yet been expressed."

In 2013, UC Berkeley spokesperson Dan Mogulof said that the campus agreed to consider clarifying its demonstration policies but would not curtail student speech. The Office for Civil Rights and a federal judge declared that the "university has no right or ability to trample on the constitutional rights of students."

U.S. investigation
In 2012, two Berkeley students filed charges that IAW events on campus had led to more antisemitism on campus. In 2013, federal officials dismissed the claim, stating, "the events did not constitute actionable harassment."

Criticism
In 2007, IAW spread to New York University, Columbia University and Hunter College in New York City. The David Project organized meetings the same week in opposition to the characterization of Israel as an apartheid state, and the American Jewish Committee Koppelman Institute on American Jewish-Israeli Relations denounced IAW, saying, "the specter of apartheid should not be raised in any form."

In 2008 Israel's ambassador to Canada, Alan Baker, denounced IAW as "crude propagandism, pure hypocrisy and cynical manipulation of the student body."

Organizers of the counterprotest said they "want to remove the connection that modern-day students have to the word apartheid and Israel and refocus it to the countries that we think really exemplify the definition of apartheid, being a policy of separation and segregation. Through a week which encompasses the themes of gender, sexual and political apartheid, we hope to get out a new message."

In February 2010, 30 members of the Ontario provincial legislature voted to condemn IAW as "odious, hateful and inappropriate." The largely symbolic vote received support from all three of Ontario's political parties.

Gay columnist and pornographic film producer Michael Lucas has called IAW "a hate group" and "a group of antisemites." In 2011, he brought about the cancellation of a planned event involving IAW and New York's LGBT Center after threatening to organize a boycott of large donors to the center. He said of his achievement that it was a landmark moment in his life, of which he was enormously proud.

In advance of the 2011 IAW, the Israeli government chose a group of Israelis, including Arabs, gays, Ethiopian Jews and an MTV "VJ" (presenter) to oppose the apartheid analogy by going on a speaking tour of the U.S.; another group went to Britain "to combat anti-Israel messages students there are receiving from Israel Apartheid Week activities."

On March 3, 2011, Historian Catherine Chatterley wrote an editorial for the National Post outlining IAW's history and its relationship to the BDS movement.

That same month, various Canadian government and other political figures, including Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Immigration Minister Jason Kenney and Liberal Leader Michael Ignatieff, criticized IAW. Kenney said he was "deeply concerned about the events and activities" associated with IAW and that the event was "all too often [...] accompanied by anti-Semitic harassment, intimidation and bullying." He added that students participating in IAW were "free [...] to speak their mind" but encouraged them to "reflect on whether these activities are beneficial." Ignatieff said IAW is a "dangerous cocktail of ignorance and intolerance" that threatens "the mutual respect" of Canadian society. Kenney has also accused IAW's organizers of using "the cover of academic freedom to demonize and de-legitimize the state of Israel. This week is nothing more than an unbalanced attempt to paint Israel and her supporters as racist. I call on all Canadians to reject anti-Semitism and all forms of racism, discrimination and intolerance." Conservative MP David Anderson said that calling Israel an apartheid state is "abhorrent", and interim Liberal leader Bob Rae said the campaign "continues to defy logic. This year the focus continues to be on Israel, rather than on the appalling massacres and human rights violations that have reached intolerable heights in countries such as Syria and Iran."

In April 2011, 16 African-American members of the Vanguard Leadership Group published full-page ads in several U.S. university newspapers with an "Open Letter to Students for Justice in Palestine" saying that the SJP's use of the word "apartheid" in regard to Israel and IAW "is not only false, but offensive."

Stuart Appelbaum, president of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, said that groups opposing the New York LGBT Center's decision to prohibit a 2011 IAW event were intellectually dishonest, saying, "This was not a question of free speech. This was hate speech. The center should not be used as a venue for racism, Islamophobia or anti-Semitism. Nor did they even care about free speech. The same groups have consistently sought to ban and prevent supporters of Israel from expressing their views."

In February 2012, the Public Diplomacy Ministry of Israel created the "Faces of Israel" mission to the U.S., Canada, Ireland, Spain, Great Britain, and South Africa, comprising 100 Israelis including "settlers, Arabs, artists, experts in national security, gay people, and immigrants from Ethiopia" and actor Aki Avni, in order to "represent and defend the state during Israel Apartheid Week."

In February 2012, Jonathan Kay sharply criticized IAW in the National Post, writing, "In Syria, the Assad regime continues to rain artillery on rebel positions in the city of Homs, killing journalists and innocent civilians alike. Iran's mullahs are set to execute a Canadian citizen for the crime of operating a website they don't like. The new Libyan regime is torturing Gaddafi loyalists. And Egypt's rulers are prosecuting NGO leaders on trumped up charges. And so next week, Canadian left-wing activists will congregate in Toronto to express their hatred of ... you guessed it: Israel." In the same article, Kay commented that not all IAW activists "seek the outright destruction of Israel—[but] many certainly do. Some are merely naïve undergraduates. ... But all of them should understand that IAW and BDS are not what they seem: As some of Israel's own fiercest critics themselves now admit, these are dishonest cults meant to enlist ill-informed activists in a campaign to destroy the Jewish state."

In 2013, the University of Manitoba Students' Union (UMSU) in Winnipeg became the world's first student government to revoke Students Against Israeli Apartheid's student group status and ban it from using student union spaces. The council passed the motion banning the group after hearing evidence that Students Against Israel Apartheid and its Israel Apartheid Week violated student union policies by "undermining the dignity and self esteem of students on campus".

In 2019, the Principal of King's College London, Ed Byrne, said that he "abhorred" Israeli Apartheid Week.

See also
Economic and political boycotts of Israel
Israel and apartheid

References

External links

February observances
Human rights in the Gaza Strip
Human rights in the West Bank
Anti-Zionism
Israel and apartheid
March observances


Day26 is the debut studio album by American R&B group Day26. It was released by Bad Boy Records and Atlantic Records on March 25, 2008.

Chart performance
Day26 debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from Making The Band winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the Billboard 200 in the US. Day26 landed at number 119 on the year end Billboard 2008.

Singles
The first single is "Exclusive (No Excuses)". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is "Got Me Going", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the Billboard Hot 100. The third single is "Since You've Been Gone".

Track listing

Notes
 denotes co-producer
 denotes additional producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 debut albums
Day26 albums
Bad Boy Records albums
Albums produced by Bryan-Michael Cox
Albums produced by Danja (record producer)
Albums produced by the Runners
Albums produced by Sean Combs
Albums produced by L.T. Hutton


Bernard J. Lechner (25 January 1932 – 11 April 2014) was an electronics engineer and formerly vice president, RCA Laboratories, where he worked for 30 years covering various aspects of television and information display technologies.

Biography
Lechner was born in New York City, N.Y., in 1932. He grew up and attended high school in New Rochelle, New York. According to his oral history recollections, he was already very interested in radio and TV receivers during his high school years. He built sets with commercially available kits.

Then, he studied electrical engineering at the Columbia University in New York City, interrupted by two years service for the U.S. Army Signal Corps in the US and Germany. He received the B.S.E.E. degree in 1957.

In 1957, he joined the RCA Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey, as Member of Technical Staff and worked on various aspects of video engineering such as a home video tape recorder, two-way cable TV services (pay-TV and interactive shopping), TV tuners and TV broadcast cameras. He headed various RCA research groups working on these developments.

While already working at RCA, he did graduate work at Princeton University and at the Harvard School of Business.

Bernie died on April 11, 2014.

Active matrix addressing
George H. Heilmeier, who had joined the RCA Laboratories a year after Lechner, started working with liquid crystals in 1964. A team led by Heilmeier developed the first liquid crystal displays (LCD). Lechner joined the efforts with the intention of applying LCDs to TV screens.  For this purpose, Lechner's team studied simple matrix LCDs with a few lines and columns. It became obvious that there were tight limitations for the number of picture elements (pixels) addressable by a direct-drive addressing scheme (passive matrix addressing) due to the limited contrast and response speed. Lechner was first to apply a sample-and-hold technique to this type of display by connecting a capacitor in parallel with each LCD pixel and controlling its charge through a field-effect transistor. Later-on, this technique was called active matrix addressing employing thin-film transistors (TFT). It helped, that the semiconductor operation of RCA was among the leaders of MOS-FET developments (CMOS 4000 series). At a press conference at RCA Headquarters in New York, a demonstration of such an LC matrix display with 36 pixels, using discrete components, took place in 1968 and showed the feasibility of the concept for TV panels. A corresponding publication followed in 1969.

RCA reduced the efforts on LCDs and sold the remaining operations in 1976. Lechner concentrated his work on advanced video systems. He became RCA staff vice president for these activities. In this capacity he was a member of the US delegation to the Comité Consultatif International pour la Radio (CCIR, now ITU-R) in Geneva for a new HDTV standard from 1989 to 1990.

Lechner distance
The Lechner Distance chart illustrates the optimal viewing distances at which the human eye can best process the details an HDTV resolution has to offer.
For example, the optimal viewing distance for a 42inch (110 cm) Full HD TV (1080p) is .

Lechner researched the typical distance between a viewer and their television screen by taking measurements in many American homes. The median distance compiled from all his data came out to . Given this distance, a Full HD TV (1080p) with a screen size of  would deliver the optimal viewing resolution.

When GE acquired RCA and gave the David Sarnoff Research Center to SRI International in 1987, Lechner took early retirement. Lechner continued his work as independent consultant serving on standard committees and in related organizations as well as an expert witness in patent cases.

Memberships and awards
Lechner was a Fellow of the IEEE, the Society for Information Display (SID) and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). He was a member of the honor societies Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu and Sigma Xi.

In 1971, he was named the first recipient of the SID Frances Rice Darne Award for his outstanding contributions to matrix displays and in 1983, he was named the first recipient of the Beatrice Winner Award for his contributions to SID.
He was awarded the David Sarnoff Medal in 1996 and the Progress Medal in 2001 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) for his many contributions to the technologies essential to today's television systems. Lechner received two RCA Laboratories Outstanding Achievement Awards and a David Sarnoff Team Award in Science.
In 2000, the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) established the Bernard J. Lechner Award in his honor. In 2011, he received the IEEE Jun-ichi Nishizawa Medal for conceiving the principle of active matrix LCDs (AMLCD)

Selected publications
Lechner has widely published in the areas of displays and television systems. He also holds ten United States patents.

 Lechner, B.J.: Testing HDTV terrestrial broadcasting systems, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 37 (1991), No. 4, pp. 148–151
 Kressel H. and Lechner, B. J. (guest editors): Scanning the issue-Special issue on consumer electronics, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 82 (1994), No. 4, pp. 445–458
 Lechner, B.J.; Chernock, R.; Eyer, M.K.; Goldberg, A.; Goldman, M.S.: The ATSC Transport Layer, Including Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP), Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 94 (2006), No. 1, pp. 77–101
 Lechner, B.J.: Guest Editorial, It's a High-Definition World, Information Display, Vol. 23, No. 11, November 2007
 Lechner, B.J.: History Crystallized: A First-Person Account of the Development of Matrix-Addressed LCDs for Television at RCA in the 1960s, Information Display, Vol. 24, No. 1, January 2008

See also
 Visual acuity

References

External links
 TV Viewing Distance versus Screen Size
 Viewing distance calculator
 BBC R&D White Paper WHP092, Tests of visual acuity to determine the resolution required of a television transmission system, J.O. Drewery and R. Salmon, 2004.

American electrical engineers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
1932 births
2014 deaths
People from New Rochelle, New York
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Engineers from New York (state)


Paul Chiang or Chiang Ching-po (also known as Po-Po Chiang; Chinese: ) is a Taiwanese symphony orchestra conductor, producer, chamber musician and violinist. He recently made his New York debut on June 19, 2007 at Carnegie Hall, conducting the New England Symphonic Ensemble in a programme featuring Beethoven and Mozart. His other major professional forthcoming engagements in Europe include a concert at the historic Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza, Italy, conducting the theatre's orchestra, as well as an appearance with another of Italy's professional orchestras the  in Taranto, Italy. Chiang is also the Founder and Artistic Director of Philharmonia Moments Musicaux of Taipei, Taiwan.

In 2002, Danish Radio produced a special program focusing on Chiang and the orchestra he established and conducted since 1998. Danish Radio consequently aired throughout Denmark as well as Scandinavia an entire concert recorded live in Taipei, which included works by Atterberg and Nielsen, and Sibelius' profound 5th Symphony. Chiang and his ensemble Philharmonia Moments Musicaux were also featured in a special article by the London published, International Arts Manager Magazine, as one of Taiwan's most dynamic ensembles.

In September 2002, Chiang received a request to participate in the inaugural Sir Georg Solti International Conductors' Competition in Frankfurt, Germany, where some of the world's finest future conductors were present. Chiang was awarded third prize.

References

External links
 Ching-Po Paul Chiang

Living people
Taiwanese conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music)
Year of birth missing (living people)


Joseph Gilles Dominic Lavoie (born November 21, 1967) is a Canadian-born Austrian former professional ice hockey player. Lavoie played 38 games in the National Hockey League between 1988 and 1994 for the St. Louis Blues, Ottawa Senators, Boston Bruins and Los Angeles Kings. He scored five goals and thirteen points, collecting 32 penalty minutes. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1987 to 2004 and briefly from 2010 to 2011, was mainly spent in the International Hockey League and later in Austria and Germany. Internationally Lavoie, who became a naturalized Austrian citizen, represented the Austrian national team at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics, as well as at four World Championships.

Biography
As a youth, he played in the 1980 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Richelieu, Quebec.

The Montreal native played junior with the QMJHL's St-Jean Castors. He was signed as a free agent by the St. Louis Blues and was a part-time skater for four years. He spent most of his time with the IHL's Peoria Rivermen where he contributed to a Turner Cup championship in 1991. Lavoie was one of the best offensive blueliners in the league with four straight years of at least 40 points and selection to the first and second all-star teams once each.

He also toiled briefly for the Ottawa Senators, Boston Bruins, and L.A. Kings (where his only 3 goals were in a hat trick versus the Detroit Red wings In A 10-3 Victory in October 1993) before heading to Europe. Beginning in 1994–95 he played five years with VEU Feldkirch of the Austrian League then signed with Germany's Hannover in 1999. Lavoie also lent his expertise to the Austrian team at the 1999 and 2000 World Championships and he finished the 7th best scorer during the 1998 Olympics in Nagano.

Lavoie is now retired and resides in El Dorado Hills, California, and has four children.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Boston Bruins players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hannover Scorpions players
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Los Angeles Kings players
New Haven Senators players
Olympic ice hockey players for Austria
Ottawa Senators players
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) players
Phoenix Roadrunners (IHL) players
Providence Bruins players
Saint-Jean Castors players
San Diego Gulls (IHL) players
Ice hockey people from Montreal
St. Louis Blues players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
VEU Feldkirch players


The Washington Court of Appeals is the intermediate level appellate court for the state of Washington. The court is divided into three divisions. Division I is based in Seattle, Division II is based in Tacoma, and Division III is based in Spokane.

History
As early as 1929, the Washington judiciary observed a need for an intermediate appellate court to relieve the heavy workload of the Washington Supreme Court. That year the state's Judicial Council suggested the establishment of such a court as a possible option for judicial restructuring. Nevertheless, the state legislature took no steps until the mid-1960s, when work began on a Court of Appeals.

The Washington citizenry adopted a Constitutional Amendment on November 5, 1968, which authorized the legislature to create a Court of Appeals and to define its composition and jurisdiction. On May 12, 1969, the legislature passed the enabling act that established a Court of Appeals with three divisions and a total of twelve judges. Governor Dan Evans appointed the initial twelve judges with the judges all facing election at the general election of 1970 and with each elected judge initially serving terms of two, four or six years determined by lot.

Composition

Twenty-two judges currently sit on the Washington Court of Appeals Court, divided into three geographic divisions. Within each division, panels of three judges hear each appeal. The court never sits en banc. Voters elect Court of Appeals judges for six-year terms. Judges on the Court of Appeals, like other Washington jurists, must retire at the end of the calendar year they reach the age of 75. Each division contains three electoral districts, with judges within the divisions being elected only from within those districts.

Jurisdiction

By statute, the court is empowered to hear the following types of cases:
1. As a matter of right, all appeals from final judgments' of the Superior Court, and all other orders that effectively cut-off further litigation, such as condemnation orders, termination of parental rights, juvenile court proceedings, and incompetency proceedings.

 All Personal Restraint Petitions (a statutory variation of the Writ of Habeas Corpus)
 Writs of Mandamus and quo warranto (the Writ of Habeas Corpus is only available in Superior Court)
 Appeals from decisions of administrative agencies.
 Discretionary Review of the Superior Court's decision in an appeal from a court of limited jurisdiction.
 Discretionary Review of interlocutory appeals from rulings of the Superior Court for which there is no other effective remedy.

Jurisdiction precluded (vested in the Supreme Court of Washington)

 Writs of quo warranto, prohibition, injunction or mandamus that are directed to state officials.
 Cases where the death penalty has been imposed.
 Cases where the validity of all or any part of a statute or tax has been held to violate the state constitution, the US Constitution or federal law.
 Cases involving fundamental and urgent issues of broad public import requiring prompt and ultimate determination.

Current judges

Divisions

Division I
Division I sits in Seattle, and is the smallest of the three geographic divisions, though the largest by population. It stretches from the White River (to the extent it serves at part of King county's southern boundary) in the south to the Canada–US border in the north, and from the Cascade Range in the east to the San Juan Islands in the west. The division hears appeals from Island, King, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish and Whatcom.

Division II
Division II sits in Tacoma and hears appeals from the counties of Clallam, Clark, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Kitsap, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, Skamania (see note, infra.), Thurston and Wahkiakum.

Division III
Division III sits in Spokane and includes the three-fifths of the state's land area that lies east of the Cascade Range. In addition to the state's second largest city, Spokane; it embraces the regional cities of Yakima and the Tri-Cities of Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland.
It hears appeals from Adams, Asotin, Benton, Chelan, Columbia, Douglas, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Kittitas, Klickitat (see note, infra.), Lincoln, Okanigan, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, Walla Walla, Whitman and Yakima counties.

Other areas
Skamania County is in Division II; Klickitat County is in Division III. These counties are sparsely populated, so do not qualify for their own Superior Court judge. They must share one Superior Court Judge. When the judge presides in Skamania County, Division II opinions are followed. When the judge presides in Klickitat County, Division III opinions are followed. When the Divisions issue conflicting opinions, practitioners must be careful to follow/cite from the appropriate appellate division.

References

External links
 Washington State Trial and Appellate Courts homepage

Washington (state) state courts
State appellate courts of the United States
1969 establishments in Washington (state)
Courts and tribunals established in 1969


Jeffrey Adam Lazaro (born March 21, 1968) is an American former professional ice hockey player.

Biography
As a youth, Lazaro played in the 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Boston Braves minor ice hockey team.

Lazaro played 102 games in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins and the Ottawa Senators, with 14 goals, 23 assists and 114 penalty minutes. He also played in the Austrian Hockey League with Graz 99ers and the Deutsche Eishockey Liga with the Ratingen Lions.

Lazaro was named to the 1997-98 ECHL All-Star Team.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey right wingers
Adirondack Red Wings players
Boston Bruins players
EC Ratinger Löwen players
Graz 99ers players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Ice hockey players at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Maine Mariners (AHL) players
New Hampshire Wildcats men's ice hockey players
New Haven Senators players
New Orleans Brass players
Olympic ice hockey players for the United States
Ottawa Senators players
Sportspeople from Waltham, Massachusetts
Ice hockey people from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Providence Bruins players
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Waltham High School alumni


Salar de Talar is a 46 square kilometres salt flat located in the high puna of northern Chilean Andes, at an altitude of 3,950 m. It is part of a series of salt lakes and salt flats located at the foothills of a chain of volcanoes stretching along the eastern side of the much greater Salar de Atacama.

The closed drainage basin of Salar de Talar encompasses about 476 km2 and is adjacent to other endorheic basins, including Laguna Miscanti, Laguna Tuyajto and Salar de Capur basins. It was once filled by a  large lake connected to Salar Purisunchi.

The salty flat is bordered on the west by Caichinque and on the east by Cerro Medano. This latter is a mountain with striking shades of grey and brown, which contrast nicely with the sparkling white of the salt flat's surface. On top of that, colorful ponds fringe its shores. An important lava flow from the Caichinque volcanic complex formed two lobes which advanced into Salar de Talar. Salt deposits in the salt flat have polygonal shapes.

The climate of the area is arid, with an average annual precipitation of about 150 mm. Salar de Talar is a part of the Central Andean dry puna ecoregion, which in this zone is characterized by tussock grass vegetation.

See also
Salar de Aguas Calientes (disambiguation)
Miñiques
Cordón de Puntas Negras

Notes

References

Talar
Landforms of Antofagasta Region
Puna de Atacama


The Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory is an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Located in Bangalore, its main function is the research and development of technologies and products in the areas of life support, medical and physiological protection systems for the Indian Armed Forces. The laboratory is organised under the Life Sciences Directorate of the Defence Research and Development Organisation. Its present director is Dr T M Kotresh.

History
The Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory was formed in April 1976 by bringing together the Aero Electroengineering Unit of Aeronautical Development Establishment and the Electromedical Instrumentation Division of the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment, located nearby. Since 23 June 1992, the facility has been functioning at its own independent premises located at the Aeronautical Development Establishment campus.

It is one of the few Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories dedicated to research and development work for the services and also spin off use to the civilian population.

Areas of work

Products
 Indian Army advanced uniforms
 Indian Navy advanced and safe under water suits
 Indian Space Research Organisation suits for Gaganyaan mission

Projects and products

HAPO Bag for high altitudes with light weight automation unit

Battery heated gloves, insoles, jackets and trousers

Combat paratroopers jump suit

Pilot's dress for LCA

Anti G suit

Smart vest

Technologies for civilian use

Oxycare system that regulates the oxygen supply by monitoring the blood oxygen level of the patient.

References

External links
 Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory Home Page

1982 establishments in Karnataka
Government agencies established in 1982
Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research and development in India
Research institutes established in 1982
Research institutes in Bangalore


Chadwick Paul Penney (born September 18, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. A career minor leaguer, Penney played three games in the National Hockey League for the Ottawa Senators during the 1993–94 season. Penney was highly regarded by many as the future left winger to Alexei Yashin after being drafted. Despite impressive numbers with the OHL's North Bay Centennials and later with the AHL's Prince Edward Island Senators, Penney was never to realize his potential at the NHL level. He is the second player from Labrador to play in the NHL. Dan LaCosta, Pascal Pelletier, and Darryl Williams are the only other three players from Labrador to make it to the NHL. Penney was born in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Junior hockey

North Bay Centennials (1990–1993)
Penney joined the North Bay Centennials of the OHL in the 1990-91 season, where in 66 games, he scored 34 goals and 67 points to finish fifth in team scoring, helping North Bay into the post-season. In 10 playoff games, Penney scored two goals and eight points.

In 1991-92, Penney struggled offensively, as his numbers dropped to 25 goals and 52 points in 57 games with North Bay. In the post-season, Penney finished third in team scoring, scoring 13 goals and 30 points in 21 games, as the Centennials lost to the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds in the OHL finals.

Penney began the 1992-93 with the Centennials, where in 18 games, he scored eight goals and 15 points. Penney was then traded from the rebuilding Centennials to the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds.

Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds (1992–1993)
After starting the 1992-93 season with the North Bay Centennials, Penney finished the season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds. In 48 games with the Greyhounds, Penney scored 28 goals and 73 points, helping the club reach the post-season. In the playoffs, Penney scored seven goals and 17 points in 18 games as the Greyhounds lost to the Peterborough Petes in the OHL finals.

With Sault Ste. Marie hosting the 1993 Memorial Cup, the Greyhounds were automatically entered into the tournament as the host team.  In four games, Penney scored five goals and seven points, helping the Greyhounds win the Memorial Cup.  Penney was named to the Memorial Cup all-star team.

Professional career

Ottawa Senators (1992–1996)
Penney was drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the second round, 25th overall, at the 1992 NHL Entry Draft held at the Montreal Forum.

He began his professional hockey career with the Prince Edward Island Senators of the AHL in 1993-94, as in 73 games, Penney scored 20 goals and 50 points.  Penney also saw some action with the Ottawa Senators during the 1993-94, as on October 21, 1993, he played in his first NHL game, as Penney was held off the scoresheet in a 6–5 loss to the Dallas Stars.  Penney appeared in two more games with Ottawa, getting no points.

Penney spent the entire 1994-95 season with PEI, scoring 16 goals and 32 points in 66 games.  In 11 playoff games, Penney scored two goals and four points.

In 1995-96, Penney saw his offensive numbers improve, scoring 23 goals and 60 points in 79 games, helping PEI reach the post-season once again.  In three playoff games, Penney had a goal and two points.

Manchester Storm (1996–1997)
Penney headed to Great Britain and played for the Manchester Storm of the British Ice Hockey Superleague for the 1996–97 season.  In 39 games, Penney scored nine goals and 25 points for the Storm.

Kentucky Thoroughblades (1997–1998)
Penney returned to the AHL for the 1997-98 season, playing for the Kentucky Thoroughblades.  In 78 games, Penney had 16 goals and 37 points.  In two playoff games, Penney did not earn any points.

Colorado Gold Kings (1998–1999)
Penney signed with the Colorado Gold Kings of the WCHL for the 1998-99 season.  In 67 games, Penney scored 31 goals and 77 points, finishing fourth in team scoring, helping Colorado reach the post-season.  In three playoff games, Penney had two assists.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links

1973 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Colorado Gold Kings players
Ice hockey people from Newfoundland and Labrador
Kentucky Thoroughblades players
Manchester Storm (1995–2002) players
Ottawa Senators draft picks
Ottawa Senators players
People from Labrador City
Prince Edward Island Senators players
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players


Neot Kedumim, the Biblical Landscape Reserve in Israel () is a Biblical garden and nature preserve located near Modi'in, midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, Israel.

Etymology

Neot Kedumim means "pleasant pastures (or habitations) of old."

Overview
Neot Kedumim is an attempt to re-create the physical setting of the Hebrew Bible. The park covers an area of about .  The idea of planting such a garden dates back to 1925. In 1964, land was allocated for the project with the help of Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion.

Neot Kedumim comprises a series of natural and agricultural landscapes, among them the Forest of Milk and Honey, the Dale of the Song of Songs, Isaiah's Vineyard and the Fields of the Seven Species. Signs are posted throughout the garden quoting relevant Jewish texts in Hebrew and English.

Neot Kedumim offers pre-booked organized tours but is also accessible to individuals who can roam the site on their own with maps provided by the park.

History
When Ephraim and Hannah Hareuveni immigrated from Russia to Ottoman Palestine in 1912, they dreamed of developing a biblical landscape reserve that "embodied the panorama and power of the landscapes that both shaped the values of the Bible and provided a rich vocabulary for expressing them". Their son, Noga, a physicist, dedicated his life to implementing his parents' dream. To build the park, thousands of tons of soil were trucked in, reservoirs were built to catch runoff rain water, ancient terraces, wine presses and ritual baths were restored, and hundreds of varieties of plants were cultivated.

In 1994 Neot Kedumim and Noga Hareuveni,  the driving spirit behind the garden, were awarded the Israel Prize for their special contribution to society and the State of Israel.

Salvia and menorah
Plants in several species of the genus Salvia resemble the menorah.

See also
 List of Israel Prize recipients
 Tourism in Israel
 Wildlife in Israel

References

External links

  Note: see Aaronsohnia for a picture of Aaronsohnia factorovskyi, a species in the daisy family.

Israel Prize recipients that are organizations
Israel Prize for special contribution to society and the State recipients
Parks in Israel
Protected areas of Central District (Israel)
Nature reserves in Israel
Bible-themed museums, zoos, and botanical gardens
Hebrew Bible in popular culture


Rodella Anne Purves (6 July 1945 – 17 January 2008) was a British botanical artist.

Purves was born in 1945 in Paisley, Scotland, and two years later moved to Edinburgh with her family, where she attended St. Margaret's School. She received a degree in agriculture from Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agriculture. She trained at Cambridge as a seed tester.

She spent a year in New Zealand, working for the government's Department of Industry, before returning to Edinburgh to work at the Royal Botanic Garden.

Purves left the Botanic Garden in 1976 to concentrate on her career as a botanical artist. Her work was exhibited around the world, in the United States, Ireland, Japan and Germany, with the Queen's Royal Botanist describing her as one of Britain's leading artists. She was awarded the Jill Smythies Award in 1998.

Purves died on 17 January 2008 in Edinburgh, Scotland.

References

1945 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Scottish painters
20th-century Scottish women artists
21st-century Scottish painters
21st-century Scottish women artists
Artists from Paisley, Renfrewshire
People educated at St Margaret's School, Edinburgh
Alumni of Scotland's Rural College
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish women painters


Debel may refer to:

 Debel, Lebanon
 Debel, Oromo Name, Oromo, Ethiopia, African name for a boy meaning 'in addition to,  gift of '
 Debel, Ethiopia, a town in the Afar Region
 DEBEL, the Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory, an Indian national defense laboratory under DRDO, located in Bangalore.
 Debel Gallery
 Etienne Debel (1931-1993), Flemish-born actor and director

See also
Debelle, surname
DeBell, surname


Pacifique was a French group founded in 1988.

It is a trio composed of two brothers, Christophe and Stéphane Després (musicians), and Cathy Nozeran née Lajous (singer). After their unsuccessful single "Sur les ailes des alizés" in 1988, they had their moment of glory with hits such as "Quand tu serres mon corps" and "Sans un remords", respectively #4 in November 1989 (Gold disc), and #15 in August 1990, on the French SNEP Singles Chart (Top 50). Another song, "Another Love in L.A.", ranked #40 in the end of 1990.

Their two albums California, released in 1991, and Anges ou Démons in 1994, have not been successful.

Most of their songs deals with love and sex themes.

Discography

Singles
 "Sur les ailes des alizés" (1988)
 "Quand tu serres mon corps" (1989)
 "Sans un remords" (1990)
 "Another Love in L.A." (1990)
 "Quelque chose en toi" (1991)
 "Il y a toujours quelque part" (1993)

Albums
 California (1991)
 Anges ou Démons (1994)
 Best of Pacifique (compilation, 2003)

Songs not released as singles
 "Anges ou Démons"
 "Chacun cherche sa voie"
 "Les Bateaux"
 "Comme Rimbaud comme Verlaine"
 "Manhattan"
 "Quelque chose en toi"
 "Sous les Baobabs"
 "Mélancolie"
 "D'Amour en hérésie"

External links
  French site about Pacifique
  Pacifique, on Bide et Musique

References

French rock music groups


Cameron Allan Botting (born March 10, 1954) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played two games in the National Hockey League for the Atlanta Flames during the 1975–76 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1974 to 1984, was spent in various minor leagues.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1954 births
Living people
Atlanta Flames draft picks
Atlanta Flames players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Des Moines Capitols players
Edmonton Oilers (WHA) draft picks
Erie Golden Blades players
Flint Generals (IHL) players
Hamilton Red Wings (OHA) players
Niagara Falls Flyers (1960–1972) players
Omaha Knights (CHL) players
Ontario Hockey Association Senior A League (1890–1979) players
Ice hockey people from Kingston, Ontario
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players


The Yellow Peri is a fictional character published by DC Comics, who is able to use magic thanks to a book of spells. The character first appeared in The New Adventures of Superboy #34 (October 1982), and was created by Bob Rozakis and Kurt Schaffenberger.

Fictional character biography
Loretta York became interested in magic as a young child. That interest drew her to a burned down bookstore as a teenager. Surprisingly, one book had survived the fire—a magic book containing all sorts of spells. Using this book, Loretta became the Yellow Peri, and used her new powers to help people. However, these gestures of help often backfired. She soon joined a traveling circus and eventually wound up in Smallville, where she encountered Superboy. During their encounter the Yellow Peri also had the assistance of a fifth-dimensional imp named Gazook, who only appears in The New Adventures of Superboy #34-35 (October – November 1982). This meeting ended with Superboy throwing the magic book into space. Loretta forgot she was ever the Yellow Peri.

Years later when she was an adult, the book returned from space and crashed into her home. She again became the Yellow Peri and again encountered Superboy, now known as Superman.
As an adult, she was married to a man namd Alvin; who could only  think of using his wife's powers for his own personal gain. Superman displayed his contempt for Alvin by using his super-cold-breath to freeze him into a lake.

After the Crisis on Infinite Earths crossover event, she was no longer part of the DC continuity.

52

The Yellow Peri appears in the 52 maxi-series as one of Booster Gold's pallbearers alongside Mind-Grabber Kid, Blimp, the Beefeater, and Steve Ditko's Odd Man. She was not the first choice for this task, but Booster Gold's recent glory-hounding actions had left him very unpopular with much of the world.

Reign in Hell
The Yellow Peri later appeared in the Reign in Hell miniseries. She is seen in Hell after the realm of "Purgatory" invades. She is helping Doctor Occult find his former partner, Rose Psychic. Occult calls her a spirit guide, which implies that she is dead. He also refers to her as "expendable", a concept he does not follow as he rescues her from a demon party. Peri's legs from the knees down are taken by demons and eaten, but she is still able to speak and cast spells afterward. Doctor Occult carries her from that point, to where they find Rose, who now works for Blaze and Satanus.

Brightest Day
Her most recent appearance was a cameo in the JLA/JSA crossover featured in Brightest Day. Here, she is shown as one of the numerous metahumans under the mental control of the Starheart entity, and is forced into an aerial confrontation with Stargirl over the Grand Canyon. She has regained her legs.

Powers and abilities
Loretta York derives all her powers from a magic book she found. The Yellow Peri is able to read and use its spells by touching one hand on her forehead or the book itself.

In other media
Yellow Peri appears in the Superboy episode "Yellow Peri's Spell of Doom", portrayed by Elizabeth Keifer. This version is originally a waitress who is infatuated with Superboy and gained powers from a deal she made with the magical being Gazook. She comes into conflict with Superboy after she attempts to use her powers to make him fall in love with her, and attempts to kill the woman he did love, Lana Lang. Peri is eventually defeated by Superboy, and loses her powers after he destroys the doll housing Gazook's spirit.

References

External links
 Cosmic Teams: Yellow Peri
 DCU Guide: Yellow Peri

Comics characters introduced in 1982
DC Comics characters who use magic
DC Comics female superheroes
Fictional characters from Oregon


Hollett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Jennifer Hollett (born 1975), former MuchMusic VJ
 Michael Hollett (21st century), Canadian newspaper journalist
 Roger Hollett (born 1978), Canadian mixed martial artist
 William Hollett (1911–1999), Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman


Donald Gray "Red" Laurence (born June 27, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played 79 games in the National Hockey League for the Atlanta Flames and St. Louis Blues between 1978 and 1980. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1977 to 1992, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Switzerland.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links

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Brian Balazik is a former American football quarterback.

College career
Balazik lettered in football at University of Southern Mississippi, only seeing action while backing-up Lee Roberts his senior season, completing 1-of-2 passes for 6 yards and rushing once for -2 yards in two games, one a 42-24 win on October 4, 1997 against Louisville and the other a 33-0 win against Houston.  He inexplicably graduated, though, from University of Montevallo.

Professional career
A part of the expansion Montgomery Maulers ‘s inaugural 2005 season in the National Indoor Football League, where the Mauler’s won the Atlantic Conference Central Division Championship.

Balazik was the only quarterback protected by Team Alabama for the 2008 All-American Football League Draft.

In July 2009, Balazik accepted the position the head football coach at Oak Mountain Middle School. This school is the feeder for Oak Mountain High School which is a Division 6a Region 6 high school near Oak Mountain, Alabama.

References

Sources
 http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/college/stats/1997/players/passing/14168.html
 http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=3135659
 http://www.al.com/sports/birminghamnews/index.ssf?/base/sports/121585052738110.xml&coll=2&thispage=1

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players
American football quarterbacks
Montgomery Maulers players
Alabama Steeldogs players


On February 23, 2001, a vehicular homicide and assault occurred in the student community of Isla Vista, California, near the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) campus. Four people were killed and a fifth, who suffered critical injuries, died in October 2016. The driver, David Attias (son of television director Dan Attias), was ruled legally insane and sentenced to 60 years in a mental institution. In September 2012, a court approved Attias' release after 10 years.

Details
On the evening of February 23, 2001, just after 11:00 p.m., UCSB student David Attias, the 18-year-old son of television director Dan Attias, drove his father's 1991 Saab 9000 down the 6500 block of Sabado Tarde Road at a speed of 50 to 65 miles per hour. Four pedestrians were killed and a fifth was critically injured. According to a police statement, "All five victims were thrown forward, some being knocked out of their shoes and socks."

According to witnesses, Attias got out and yelled "I am the Angel of Death!" He continued to taunt a growing crowd, until he was subdued by the first CHP officer to arrive on the scene. In the initial aftermath, it was unclear if Attias was affected by taking drugs, or if the attack was intentional. Blood tests later showed that Attias was under the influence of marijuana and Lidocaine, but neither were deemed significant to the incident.

Victims
Four people were killed in the assault: 20-year-old UCSB students Nicholas Bourdakis and Christopher Divis, 27-year-old San Francisco resident Elie Israel, and 20-year-old Santa Barbara City College student Ruth Levy.  A fifth person, Albert Arthur Levy, 27, brother to Ruth, was critically injured but survived. His injuries consisted of crushed legs and a severely battered head, and he died in October 2016 after having seizures for years caused by the injury.

Aftermath

Trial
Attias was charged with four counts of murder, four counts of vehicular manslaughter with gross negligence, and five counts of felony driving under the influence. Residents of his hall told police and the campus paper that Attias had been known for his erratic behavior, including stalking another student. Several students referred to him as "Crazy Dave" and "Tweaker." The case received additional media attention because David Attias is the son of Dan Attias, a prominent Hollywood TV director. Attias pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, and his trial sparked significant interest.

On June 11, 2002, Attias was convicted in a jury trial of four counts of second-degree murder. He was acquitted of driving under the influence. One week later, the same jury found that Attias was legally insane. This resulted in a sentence of up to 60 years at Patton State Hospital in San Bernardino.

Memorial
A memorial to the victims was installed in Little Acorn Park. The park borders the intersection where Attias struck and killed them.

Release
While at Patton, Attias was treated for substance abuse, bipolar disorder and pervasive developmental disorder. In May 2012, Attias asked the courts to transfer him from Patton to an outpatient psychiatric facility, stating he has his bipolar disorder under control. The news of his request prompted expressions of concern about his potential risk of relapse or danger from survivors and family of his victims at court hearings on this proposed action. Testimony was heard from mental health professionals. Attias was given a conditional release from Patton State and transferred to a supervised "unlocked outpatient treatment program" on September 4, 2012.

See also
 List of homicides in California

References

2001 in California
2001 murders in the United States
Attacks in the United States in 2001
2000s crimes in California
February 2001 crimes in the United States
Mass murder in 2001
Mass murder in California
Mass murder in the United States
Massacres in 2001
Massacres in the United States
Vehicular rampage in the United States


Come On Home is the thirteenth studio album by American musician Boz Scaggs released in 1997.

Reception

In their retrospective review, Allmusic called Come On Home "a genuine musical treasure."

Track listing
 "It All Went Down the Drain" (Earl King) - 5:32
 "Ask Me 'Bout Nothin' (But the Blues)" (Deadric Malone, Henry Boozier) - 4:39
 "Don't Cry No More" (Deadric Malone) - 3:12
 "Found Love" (Jimmy Reed) - 2:58
 "Come On Home" (Earl Randle, Willie Mitchell) - 3:14
 "Picture of a Broken Heart" (Scaggs, Dennis Walker) - 4:03
 "Love Letters" (Edward Heyman, Victor Young) - 3:47
 "I've Got Your Love" (Scaggs) - 4:34
 "Early in the Morning" (Sonny Boy Williamson I) - 4:38
 "Your Good Thing (Is About to End)" (David Porter, Isaac Hayes) - 7:21
 "T-Bone Shuffle" (T-Bone Walker) - 2:43
 "Sick and Tired" (Chris Kenner, Dave Bartholomew) - 4:31
 "After Hours" (Scaggs) - 4:04
 "Goodnight Louise" (Scaggs) - 4:02

Personnel

 Boz Scaggs – lead and backing vocals, guitar (1, 3, 4, 6–8, 11-13), horn arrangements (1, 3, 6, 12)
 Fred Tackett – guitar (1, 2, 5–8, 10–12)
 Steve Freund – guitar (4, 9)
 Charles Hodges – Hammond B3 organ (1, 3)
 Jim Cox – Hammond B3 organ (1, 5, 7), acoustic piano (5, 7, 8, 10, 14)
 Scott Plunkett – Hammond B3 organ (2, 7), acoustic piano (11)
 David Matthews – Hammond B3 organ (3, 7, 13), acoustic piano (12)
 Harry Duncan – harmonica (4, 9)
 Tom Coster – accordion (14)
 Freddie Washington – bass (1–3, 5, 7, 10, 12)
 James "Hutch" Hutchinson – bass (4, 6, 9, 11)
 Daryl Johnson – bass (8, 14)
 Jim Keltner – drums (1, 5, 7–10, 14)
 Ricky Fataar – drums (2–4, 11–13)
 Norbert Stachel – alto, baritone and tenor saxophones (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14); horn arrangements (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Vincent Lars – alto saxophone (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Dave Ellis – tenor saxophone (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Rev. Ron Stallings – tenor saxophone (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Ronnie Cuber – baritone saxophone (2, 3, 10, 12), horn arrangements (2, 3, 10, 12)
 Lonnie McMillan – tenor saxophone (3)
 James Mitchell – baritone saxophone (3)
 Wayne Wallace – trombone (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Marty Wehner – trombone (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Jack Hale, Sr. – trombone (3)
 Brenda Rutledge – trombone (3)
 Bill Ortiz – trumpet (1, 2, 6, 10–12, 14)
 Ben Cauley – trumpet (3)
 Anthony Blea – violin (5)
 Otis Cooper – backing vocals (8)
 Kitty Beethoven – backing vocals (8)
 Conesha Monet Owens – backing vocals (8)

Production
 Producer – Boz Scaggs
 Executive Producer – Harry Duncan
 Recorded by Michael Rodriguez and Elliot Scheiner
 Assistant Engineers – Skip Curley and Bob Levy
 Recorded at Meac Studio, Skywalker Sound (Marin County, CA) and Royal Recording Studio (Memphis, TN).
 Mixed by Michael Rodriguez at Meac Studio
 Mastered by Bernie Grundman at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, CA).
 Project Coordinators – Mark Scaggs (technical) and Mary Hogan (logistics).
 Art Direction and Design – Mick Haggerty
 Front Photography – Benedict J. Fernadez and Tom Keller
 Inlay Photography – Mick Haggerty
 Book Back Cover – Jean-Baptiste Mondino
 Management – Craig Fruin

References

External links
 Come On Home

Boz Scaggs albums
1997 albums
Virgin Records albums
Albums produced by Boz Scaggs


George Alexander Spratt (November 1, 1870 – November 24, 1934) was an American inventor and pioneer in aviation design. In collaboration with the Wright brothers, Spratt demonstrated the cable-stayed triangle control frame for use in mass-shifting the pilot and pilot holding to control the attitude of a lifting wing for any type of aircraft that could benefit from such arrangement. This arrangement ended up being the sub-assembly most used in hang gliders, powered hang gliders, trikes, and ultralights.

Life and career
Spratt was born in New Jersey on November 1, 1870, the son of physician George Reed Spratt. Around 1880, the family moved to Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where the elder Spratt established a successful medical practice. The younger Spratt studied medicine, attending Bucknell University and Medico-Chirurgical College, but may never have qualified as a physician. Illness forced him to give up his career plans in 1894 and move to the family farm four miles northeast of Coatesville, where he settled into farming.

Starting in 1896, Spratt became a lifelong amateur scientist absorbed in the study of aeronautics. He corresponded with aviation pioneer Octave Chanute and spent three weeks at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in the summer of 1901 assisting the Wright brothers in their aeronautical experiments. His recommendation to reduce the curvature of the glider's wings led to much more stable flight. He spent the entirety of October 1902 and October 1903 at Kitty Hawk, shortly before Orville Wright flew the first controlled powered airplane. Spratt continued to experiment and construct gliders, with mixed success, in an attempt to produce airplanes that remained perfectly stable in the air without intervention by the pilot. In 1920, he finally received a patent for his wing of circular cross section and tested an airplane using the wing at Pine Valley, New Jersey, in 1924. By then he was no longer on speaking terms with the Wrights, whom he claimed had deprived him of due credit for their inventions. His experiments culminated on September 28, 1934, when his son, George G. Spratt, flew a "plane without a tail" for the first time.

Spratt died of heart disease two months later on November 24, 1934, in Coatesville. As of 1981, his son was living in Wallingford, Connecticut, and continuing to build planes using his father's designs.

Legacy

The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission dedicated a state historical marker to Spratt on October 16, 2021. Located by the road outside the Spratt Farm in West Brandywine Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, the marker states that his "research was instrumental in the Wright brothers’ first flight. He performed countless experiments to understand the forces that would keep aircraft aloft. His innovative use of a wind tunnel led to greater understanding of the effect of lift, drag, and the center of pressure on a curved wing.”

References

1870 births
1934 deaths
20th-century American inventors
Aerodynamicists
Aircraft designers
Aviation inventors
Aviation pioneers
Farmers from Pennsylvania
Gliding in the United States
People from Coatesville, Pennsylvania
Wright brothers


Continuity marketing is a method of providing goods or services to consumers that relies on direct marketing and continues into perpetuity.  Also known as auto-replenishment, this relationship continues until the customer ends it by notifying the marketer.

Overview
The general concept is that a customer places an original order, typically through a mail order offer or online.  This original offering is usually heavily discounted and acts as a loss leader.  Within a prescribed period of time, a subsequent shipment will be delivered to the customer.  Thereafter, additional shipments will continue to be sent at regular intervals.  If the customer has not indicated which specific product they wish to receive, then the marketer will choose for the customer on the basis of that customer's previous choices. This continues until the customer notifies the supplier of their choices or their desire to discontinue the service.

This has been a primary distribution method for well-known book clubs, such as Doubleday and Harlequin, and music clubs such as Columbia House.  International Masters Publishers has distributed millions of recipe cards internationally in this fashion.

References

Marketing techniques


Nansenhjelpen (formally called Nansen Hjelp, variously called the Nansen Relief in English and Nansenhilfe in German) was a Norwegian humanitarian organization founded by Odd Nansen in 1936 to provide safe haven and assistance in Norway for Jewish refugees from areas in Europe under Nazi control. It was formally disbanded in 1945, but effectively ceased operations in late 1942, after all Jews in Norway had been deported, murdered, or had fled into Sweden.

Founding

Although a few Norwegian individuals had made efforts to save Jews from Nazi persecution in Europe, Norwegian humanitarian organizations, such as that founded by Landsorganisasjonen and the Communist party had focused primarily on helping political refugees. It was a professor of German at the University of Oslo, Fredrik Paasche, who approached architect Odd Nansen, the son of famed scientific explorer and Nobel Peace laureate Fridtjof Nansen to lend his name to an organization dedicated to rescuing Jews. When another Nobel Peace laureate, Christian Lange and foreign minister Halvdan Koht added their voices to Paasche's, Nansen agreed to form the organization.

The organization was small from the onset: Tove Filseth became its full-time secretary, Sigrid Helliesen Lund was named board member and field operative, attorney Fredrik Helweg Winsnes, and professors Georg Morgenstierne and Edgar Schieldrop also became board members.

More than most organizations, the organization needed significant funds to be successful. The Norwegian government insisted on a NOK 1,000 deposit for each refugee to ensure that they wouldn't be a burden to the state, and refused to grant work permits for them. The labor unions similarly opposed any immigration of individuals who might accept employment. Some refugees nevertheless found unauthorized and secret employment.

Campaign in Prague

Already in January 1939, Nansen sent Ms. Filseth and his own wife Kari to establish a field office in Prague. The head of the Norwegian passport office, Leif Ragnvald Konstad, accompanied them and issued entry visas for precisely the number of refugees the organization could afford to sponsor, excluding "weak and sick" individuals from consideration. Meanwhile, Nansen and Paasche continued their fund-raising activities, where they had to overcome both Depression-era frugality and considerable antisemitism. Several donors agreed to support the organization on the condition that their contribution would not benefit Jews. Nansen himself traveled to Prague with Konstad, once again, and quickly filled the quota provided for by the funds raised.

Konstad once again returned to Norway, but Nansen remained in Prague to pre-process applications and help in any other way he could. In addition to their office, the three did much work from the Hotel Esplanade. During this time, Czech army physician Leo Eitinger volunteered to help and soon became a refugee as well. The Nansens and Filseth also built contacts throughout the city, including with the Red Cross and Quaker relief organizations.

In March 1939, the three Norwegians responded to a call from contacts in Bratislava that antisemitic attacks in Slovakia had escalated with the independence from the Czech central government and ascent of Monsignor Jozef Tiso. On the day of their arrival, the Nansens and Filseth witnessed first hand brutality against Jews at the hands of the Hlinka Guard, and Odd Nansen managed to arrange a meeting directly with Tiso, whom Nansen characterized as "a fat thickset priest, in a floor length cassock, with a holy cross in gold dangling from a gold chain on his chest - and with a pair of staring dark eyes behind gold framed glasses." Impressed by Nansen's pedigree, Tiso assured him that the detention of Jews in concentration camp was merely a protective measure against "the agitated masses."

Nansen was unconvinced but traveled on to Vienna and back, all the while registering rampant riots, plundering and systematic persecution of Jews in the wake of Nazi supremacy. In transit through Bratislava, Nansen got exemption from the curfew and entered the Jewish quarter in the city where he witnessed firsthand that German, Austrian soldiers and paramilitary forces would nightly cross over from Austria and join with Hlinka Guard members to ransack and pillage the Jewish section of the city. Nansen tried in vain to register his alarm to Tiso and the chief of police, eventually giving up and returning to Prague where he hoped his efforts would bear more fruit.

While he was traveling, Filseth had returned to Norway to help refugees settle in there. Kari Nansen had joined efforts with, among others, the American and British Quaker organizations, to help Jewish refugees get across the border to Poland.

Operating under the conventional wisdom that Germany would invade Czechoslovakia on March 15, the Nansens joined forces with Red Cross and the high commissioner for refugees in Prague, Dr. Podajski in appealing to European governments to accept more refugees on an emergency basis and emergency relief funds to effect their departure. In cooperation with Vladislav Klumpbar, the Czech minister of social welfare and public health, the group worked through the night between March 14 and 15 to identify and secure the escape of the 8,000 - 9,000 refugees most in danger when and if the Nazis took over.

Having been told by Rudolf Kac, the leader of the Communist Refugee Group, that German forces had crossed the border, he managed to reach Klumpbar and Podajski in the early morning. Podajski told Nansen over the phone that the rumors were overblown, but Nansen actually saw German soldiers marching through the streets as the two were talking.

The Nansens had secured visas for about 80 refugees who were waiting outside the hotel that morning, awaiting their promised departure. Nansen made inquiries at several foreign missions in Prague before the Norwegian consul, Hribek, issued visas to all those whose passports were left with him. The Nansens were themselves evicted from the hotel to make room for Gestapo officials. They were able to find room in the Hotel Alcron, where they found one of their fellow guests was Erich Hoepner, a Germany army general. The Nansens sought out Hoepner and convinced him to allow exit for Jewish women and children, apparently behind the backs of the Gestapo. The Nansens helped the remaining male refugees across the border to Poland.

Tove Filseth returned to Prague shortly after this, and the organization resumed efforts to secure visas and both legal and illegal departures from Czech territories. Funds quickly ran out, though, as much of the travel had to be paid for with bribes. The refugee flow through Poland had become more organized, with the Norwegian ambassador Niels Christian Ditleff providing food, clothing, and transportation to Gdynia, where they could travel by sea to Norway.

On March 26, 1939, the Nansens traveled by train to Berlin and separated at Tempelhof airport, Odd Nansen flying to London to seek the assistance from Lord Herbert Emerson, the League of Nations high commissioner for refugees. Emerson had ignored all of Nansen's previous telegrams but was more receptive in person. He agreed to send an emissary to Warsaw to assess the situation. Nansen took his cause to the British parliament and the Soviet ambassador to St. James, Ivan Maisky, where he was rebuffed, though the ambassador expressed his profound appreciation for Nansen's father's efforts to alleviate the Ukrainian famine.

Activities in Norway

Upon returning to Norway, Nansen approached Norwegian politicians to persuade his government to provide financial support for the refugees. Trygve Lie, the minister of justice at the time, agreed to support Nansen's request for financial support if he could persuade a majority of the Norwegian parliament to vote for the measure. Nansen persuaded every party in parliament to vote for such a grant, with the exception of the Agrarian party, which at least promised to abstain. This resulted in an infusion of NOK 500,000 to the cause, though Nansenhjelpen had to share it with the Labour Justice fund.

Saving children

The organization's last project was to evacuate a number of Jewish children they had gathered in Bratislava, Prague, and Brno. After securing exit visas for them, they convened in Berlin, where they stayed at a synagogue and traveled together by train via Sweden to Norway. See Jewish Children's Home in Oslo.

Conclusion

After Norway was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany starting on April 9, 1940, there could be no more attempts to rescue Jews from the continent. Officials of the organization refocused their efforts on supporting the refugees already in Norway, well over 500. On January 13, 1942, Nansen was arrested by the Gestapo in Norway. He was kept in captivity at Møllergata 19, Grini concentration camp, and finally at Sachsenhausen, from where he returned in May 1945.

References

The Holocaust in Norway
Jews and Judaism in Czechoslovakia
Organizations which rescued Jews during the Holocaust
Non-profit organisations based in Norway
Organizations established in 1936
Humanitarian aid organizations of World War II


Frank Stewart "Mickey" McGuire (July 7, 1898 – May 23, 1968) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 36 games in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was born in Gravenhurst, Ontario.

After retiring from hockey, McGuire became a competitive bowler, residing in Windsor, Ontario. He also worked for Chrysler. He died in 1968 after a long illness at a hospital in Windsor, Ontario.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1898 births
1968 deaths
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Central Hockey League (1925–1926) players
Cleveland Hockey Club ice hockey players
Cleveland Indians (IHL) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
London Panthers players
People from Gravenhurst, Ontario
Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL) players
Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets (IHL) players
Windsor Bulldogs (CPHL) players


This is a list of seasons completed by the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association. It documents the team’s season-by-season records, including postseason records, and also includes year-end awards won by the team's players and/or coaches.

With seventeen NBA Championships, the Celtics are tied with the Los Angeles Lakers for the most amongst all NBA franchises, while the 1959-to-1966 domination of the NBA Championship, with eight straight titles, is the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any major professional sport team to date. Following this, the Celtics had two major periods of success separated by quite poor seasons during rebuilding. Between 1971–72 and 1975–76 the Celtics, led by Dave Cowens and John Havlicek, won 294 of 410 regular season games and reached the conference finals in each of those five seasons, winning two more NBA championships, whilst between 1979–80 and 1987–88 led by the frontcourt of Larry Bird, Kevin McHale and Robert Parish the Celtics won 550 of 742 regular season games and reached every Conference Final except for 1982–83 when they were swept in the conference semifinals by the Milwaukee Bucks. The Celtics have had 13 separate seasons where they won 60 or more regular season contests, the highest number for any franchise.

Between 1993–94 and 2006–07 the Celtics had their single sustained period of failure, with an overall win percent of  and only twice getting beyond the first playoff round. With the acquisition of Kevin Garnett for 2007–08, the Celtics achieved a record single-season rise in win percentage to claim their first title in twenty-two seasons, in the process achieving the best average point differential between the 1995–96 Bulls and the 2015–16 Warriors. The team remained a power until after the 2011 lockout, but lost to the Warriors in their most recent Finals appearance.

The Celtics are 27–9 all-time in seventh games of playoff series, and 7–1 in Game 7 of the NBA Finals.

Seasons
Note: Statistics are correct as of the .

All-time records
Note: Statistics are correct as of the .

References

Events in Boston

seasons