Manuel Eduardo Medina Mariño (born July 14, 1976 in Aragua de Barcelona, Anzoátegui) is a Venezuelan professional bicycle road racing cyclist and former Venezuelan national cycling champion. He was nicknamed "El Gato" during his career.

Major results

1998
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2002
 3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Stage 11
2003
 10th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Mountains classification
2004
 1st Stage 6 Vuelta al Táchira
2005
 1st Overall Vuelta Ciclista Aragua
1st Stage 5
 1st Stage 1 Vuelta a Colombia
 1st Stage 3a Vuelta a Venezuela
2006
 National Road Championships
1st  Road race
3rd Time trial
 1st Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 5 & 13
 1st Stage 5 Vuelta a Colombia
 1st Stage 5 Clasico Ciclistico Banfoandes
 5th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Stage 8
 8th Central American and Caribbean Games – Road race
2007
 1st Overall Vuelta al Oriente
1st Stage 5
 1st Stages 3 & 7 Vuelta a Colombia
 1st Stage 12 Vuelta a Guatemala
 2nd Pan American Road Race Championships
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 6 & 8
 2nd Overall Vuelta a Yacambu-Lara
1st Stage 6
 2nd Overall Clasico Pedro Infante
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Bramon
2008
 1st Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 4, 6, 11 & 13
 1st Overall Vuelta a Guatemala
1st Stages 3, 8 & 9
 2nd Road race, National Road Championships
 6th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2009
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Cuba
 6th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2010
 3rd Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
2011
 1st Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 5
 1st Stage 9 Vuelta a Venezuela
 2nd Overall Vuelta a la Independencia Nacional
1st Stage 5
2012
 1st Mountains classification Vuelta a Venezuela
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 9
2013
 5th Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 8 & 9
2017
 5th Overall Vuelta a Venezuela
1st Mountains classification
2019
 10th Overall Vuelta al Táchira

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Barcelona, Venezuela
Venezuelan male cyclists
Venezuelan sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in cycling
Vuelta a Colombia stage winners
Vuelta a Venezuela stage winners
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games


Bairols (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bairolois or Bairoloises.

The commune has been awarded two flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Geography
Bairols is located at an altitude of 830 metres on a rocky ridge some 20 km north of Gilette and 5 km north of Villars-sur-Var. Access to the commune is by the M26 road from Tournefort in the south which passes through the south-eastern corner of the commune and connects with the tortuous M56 road which continues to the village. The commune is a rugged alpine commune.

The Tinée river forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows south to join the Var. Many tributaries rise in the commune and flow east to join the Tinée including the Vallon du Serre, the Ruisseau de Fava, the Vallon du Bairols, and the Ravin de Saint Martin.

History
The name Bairolum is cited around 1040. The village was then given to Lérins Abbey then became a fief of the Grimaldi.

The village was linked to the outside world by a motorable road in 1939. There were still 257 inhabitants in 1858.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Population

Sites and Monuments

Ruins of a Chateau
The Medieval Church of Sainte-Marguerite whose "S" form is due to the topography. Inside there are two frescoes in the choir on the theme of the Baptism of Christ. The church has a painting by Jean Rocca of the Virgin of the Rosary and Mysteries dated 1645. The church also contains a Group Sculpture on a Processional dais of Saint Marguerite and the Tarasque (18th century) which is registered as an historical object.
The Chapel of Saint Antoine above the village
The Chapel of Saint-Roch, above, built around 1750
Remains of the Chapel of Saint-Martin
Two former oil and grain mills
The remains of the old village below the present village.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Bibliography
Philippe de Beauchamp, The misunderstood High Country. Isolated Villages and Hamlets of Alpes-Marities, p. 81, éditions Serre, Nice, 1989, ; p. 159

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


F101 or F-101 may refer to:
 F-101 Voodoo, a 1954 American supersonic military fighter
 General Electric F101, an afterburning turbofan jet engine
 Dominican frigate Presidente Trujillo (F101), a River-class frigate purchased by the Dominican Republic in 1946
 HMS Yarmouth (F101), a 1959 British Royal Navy Rothesay-class frigate
 Spanish frigate Álvaro de Bazán (F101), a 2005 Spanish Navy Álvaro de Bazán-class air defence frigate
 Maki F101, a 1974 Maki Formula One car

Ship disambiguation pages


A heavy-lift ship is a vessel designed to move very large loads that cannot be handled by normal ships. They are of two types:
Semi-submersible ships that take on water ballast to allow the load—usually another vessel—to be floated over the deck, whereupon the ballast is jettisoned and the ship's deck and cargo raised above the waterline.
Project cargo ships that use at least one heavy-lift crane for handling heavy cargo and sufficient ballast to assure stability and sea-keeping properties.

Description
There are several types of heavy-lift ships:

Semi-submersible ships
Semi-submersible heavy-lift ships have a long and low well deck between a forward pilot house and an aft machinery space. In superficial appearance, it is somewhat similar to a dry bulk carrier or some forms of oil tanker. Its ballast tanks can be flooded to lower the well deck below the water's surface, allowing oil platforms, other vessels, or other floating cargo to be moved into position for loading (float-on/float-off). The tanks are then pumped out, and the well deck rises to shoulder the load. To balance the cargo, the various tanks can be pumped unevenly.

Float-on/float off vessels transport oil drilling rigs. Such ships can carry the rigs from their construction site to a drilling site at roughly three to four times the speed of a self-deploying rig. Rapid deployment of the rig to the drilling site can translate into major savings. They also transport other out-sized cargo and yachts.

The U.S. Navy has used such ships to bring damaged warships back to the United States for repair. The first was the guided missile frigate , which was nearly sunk by a naval mine in the central Persian Gulf on 14 April 1988. The frigate was towed to Dubai, then floated home to Newport, Rhode Island, aboard .

Eleven years later,  transported the U.S. guided missile destroyer  from Aden, Yemen, to Pascagoula, Mississippi, after the warship was damaged in a bombing attack on 12 October 2000.

 was transported from Japan to Alabama after its 2017 collision with .

The U.S. Navy has also chartered other heavy lift ships to carry smaller craft, usually mine-countermeasure craft, or other patrol craft.  Since there are no US-flagged heavy float-on/float-off ships, the U.S. Navy normally relies on its Military Sealift Command to charter them from the world commercial market.

In 2004, Blue Marlin carried the world's largest semi-submersible oil platform, BP's , from the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering shipyard in South Korea to Kiewit Offshore Services in Ingleside, Texas.

Many of the larger ships of this class are owned by the company Dockwise, including , Blue Marlin, and . In 2004, Dockwise increased the deck width of Blue Marlin, to make it the then-largest heavy transport carrier in the world until it was surpassed by the launch of  in 2012.  One of the company's vessels, Mighty Servant 2, capsized and sank after hitting an uncharted single underwater isolated pinnacle of granite off Indonesia in November 1999.

Project cargo ships
Project cargo ships are non-submersible ships that load large and heavy cargo items with one or more on-board cranes. Such vessels have between 13,000 and 19,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) capacity. Examples of cargo transported includes container cranes, bridge sections, and suction piles.

History
In the 1920s, the Bremen-based shipping company DDG Hansa saw a growing demand of shipments for assembled locomotives to British India. That led to the construction of the world's first heavy lift vessel,  with a  derrick.  After World War II, DDG Hansa became the world's largest heavy lift shipping company. In terms of lifting capacity it reached its peak in 1978 with refitting the Japanese-built bulk carrier MV Trifels with two  Stülcken derricks. Shortly after that, in 1980, DDG went bankrupt. With that, only the Dutch shipping companies Jumbo, BigLift Shipping (until 2001 named Mammoet Shipping) and SAL Heavy lift were left as heavy lift shipping specialists.

See also
 Semi-submersible naval vessel

References

External links

Ship types
Submersible ships


Auvare (; Occitan and Italian: Auvara) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Auvarois or Auvaroises.

Geography
Auvare is located some 45 km north-east of Nice (in a direct line) and 6 km north-east of Puget-Théniers in the heart of the Alps. Access to the commune is by the D16 road from Puget-Theniers which passes through  the far south of the commune and continues, changing its designation to D316, to join the D2202 just south of Daluis. Access to the village in the centre of the commune is by a small local road which branches from the D16 in the south of the commune and follows a tortuous and long route to the village. There is also an equally tortuous route going west from the village which eventually meets the D316 west of the commune. Apart from the village there is the hamlet of Les Vignes towards the south. The terrain of the commune is alpine and very rugged with no apparent farmland.

Numerous waterways rise in the commune and flow generally south-west including the Roudoule which forms the north-western border, the Vallon du Serre Long, the Vallon de Mous which flows east to the commune boundary where it joins an unnamed stream which flows north-east and forms the north-eastern border, the Ravin de Peichal flows north to join the same stream, and the Vallon d'Auvare with many tributaries which rises north of the village and flows south through the village continuing south to join the Torrent de Mayola.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
After the Roman conquest (which was completed in 14 BC), Augustus organized the Alps into provinces. The territory of the present commune of Auvare was part of the province of Alpes Maritimae which was attached to the civitas of Glanate (Glandevès). In late antiquity the Diocese of Glandevès defined the limits of this civitas.

The Roudoule Valley was conquered by the French Revolutionary Army in October 1792. The region was annexed by the decree of 31 January 1793 and confirmed by the Treaty of Paris (1796). The French Revolution was apparently well received since a Liberty Tree was planted and remained until the Restoration of the Savoyard State in 1814. The Savoyards hastened to levy taxes bringing a new upheaval to the Auvare community.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Since 1 January 2014 Auvare has been part of the Community of communes of Alpes d'Azur. It was previously a member of the Community of communes des vallées d'Azur until this disappeared during the implementation of a new departmental plan for inter-communal cooperation.

Population

Economy
The main economic resource is sheep farming.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

Bibliography
 Yves Bernard, Tourist and Cultural Annual for Alpes-Maritimes and Monaco, p. 459, Éditions Campanile, 1997

References

External links

Auvare on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Auribeau-sur-Siagne (, literally Auribeau on Siagne; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Auribélois or Auribéloises.

Geography
Auribeau-sur-Siagne is a medieval village dating from the 11th century located some 10 km north-west of Cannes and 6 km south-west of Grasse. Perched on a rocky spur, the village overlooks the Siagne river. Access to the commune is by road D9 from Pégomas in the south-east which passes north through the eastern part of the commune and continues to Grasse in the north. The village, which is in the south of the commune, is accessed by local roads. The commune is served by the Sillages bus network Route 29 (Pégomas - Grasse) that has nine trips per day on weekdays.  There are extensive residential urban areas in the commune with the areas of Le Gabre, Les Vayoux, Le Moulin Vieux, Carel, and Le Couloubrier. The rest of the commune is forested with a few small patches of farmland.

The Siagne river forms the south-western border of the commune with several tributaries flowing south through the commune to join it, the largest being the Riou.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
Auribeau is one of the many hilltop villages in Alpes-Maritimes built to enable the population to protect themselves against external aggressors. The earliest traces of human occupation are an Oppidum located at the top of mount Peygros, built around 600BC by the Celto-Ligurian people.

The Roman army defeated the Ligurian tribes in 155BC, but it was only after the victory of the emperor Augustus in 14 BC that Rome was able to continue the Via Aurelia as the Via Julia Augusta within Alpes-Maritimes along the Mediterranean coast up to Arles. At Mandelieu a secondary road split off to follow the Siagne up to Auribeau.

In an act of 1158, the pope confirmed ownership by the Bishops of Antibes of the fields and tithes of the churches of Auribeau, Pégomas, Notre-Dame-de-Valcluse and Mouans.

A text from 1242 reads "Auribeau church and castle" which indicates that the village existed at that time. The population of the village was decimated in the middle of the 14th century in the wake of war and the Black Plague. The raids by Raymond de Turenne continued to devastate the region until 1399. A text from 1400 describes the place as deserted, "castle completely destroyed near the church of Our Lady which is now open to the skies and partially destroyed."

In an agreement dated 5 June 1497 the Bishop of Grasse, Jean-André Grimaldi requested the people of the dioceses of Albenga and Ventimiglia to rebuild those houses within the village boundary. Therefore, the village that we see today dates from the 16th century. The church however, which is located outside the village walls, dates from the 17th century. In the 16th century the Siagne river was navigable between Auribeau and Mandelieu and served as a transportation route.

In 1692, commune residents opposed the requisitioning of workers to build the fortifications at Antibes. In 1707, during the War of Spanish Succession, the village was invaded and sacked by the French and Austro-Sardinian armies. In 1720 the Plague of Marseille led to the closure of the village, although access was still possible via an entry point put in place during the construction of the church (outside the village walls) in 1717. In 1765 Auribeau had 560 inhabitants.

Heraldry

Administration

The number of inhabitants at the last census was between 2500 and 3499 so the number of members of the municipal council is 23.

List of Successive Mayors

Judicial and administrative proceedings
Auribeau-sur-Siagne falls within the area of the Tribunal d'instance (District court) of Grasse, the Tribunal de grande instance (High Court) of Grasse, the Cour d'appel (Appeal court) of Aix-en-Provence, the Tribunal pour enfants (Juvenile court) of Grasse, the Conseil de prud'hommes (Labour Court) of Grasse, the Tribunal de commerce (Commercial Court) of Grasse, the Tribunal administratif (Administrative tribunal) of Nice, and the Cour administrative d'appel (Administrative Court of Appeal) of Marseille.

Urban planning

In 2017, the total number of dwellings in the commune was 1,490, compared to 1,212 in 1999. Of these units 81.4% were primary residences, second homes were 11.5% and 7.1% was vacant housing. 79.1% of these units were single-family houses and 19.7% were apartments. The proportion of main residences owned by their occupants was 77.2%.

Population

Economy

Employment
In 2017, the active population amounted to 1,610 people, including 161 unemployed. These workers are in majority employees (76%), and are in majority employed outside the commune (84%).

In 2017, there were 356 paid jobs in the area of employment against 317 in 2007 with employable people residing in the zone at 1,483. The concentration indicator was 24.0%, which indicates that the area provides employment for only a quarter of the available workers.

Businesses and shops
On 31 December 2015 there were 361 businesses in Auribeau-sur-Siagne: 5 in agriculture-forestry-fishing, 10 in industry, 68 in construction, 238 in trades, transport, and services, and 40 were related to the public sector.

In 2018 51 new businesses were created in Auribeau-sur-Siagne, of which 39 Sole proprietorships.

Culture and heritage

Sites and Monuments
The Shrine of Our Lady of Valcluse is one of the busiest regional sanctuaries. It is located in the Diocese of Nice. Le Vivier is a stream which crosses the sanctuary and helps to maintain the abundant greenery adorning the sanctuary with the noise from waterfalls.

The sanctuary is mentioned in a text dated 24 November 1158: Pope Adrian IV listed the Church of Valcluse among the domains of the Bishop of Antibes, Raymond I. Another text dated 24 and 26 November 1258 indicated that the church was dedicated to Our Lady: super ecclesiam Beate maria de Valle Clusa....

The present chapel dates from 1650. In 1950 the statue of the Virgin was crowned by Cardinal Clément Roques, Archbishop of Rennes, and Monseigneur Paul Rémond, Bishop of Nice. It has beautified the chapel following a vow made on 20 August 1944 to do this if the region was spared from the Second World War.

In 1986 the Sisters of St. Joseph of Puy were hosts at the chapel followed in 1995 by members of the Community of the Beatitudes.

The chapel contains three items which are registered as historical objects:
A Collection Plate depicting Ciceron (16th century)
A Chalice (1563)
A Reliquary (15th century)

Picture Gallery

Education
The commune is located in the area of the Academy of Nice. There is a nursery school with 127 pupils in 2012-2013 and an elementary school with 189 pupils.

Cultural events and festivals
Since 2012 there has been an annual Theatre Festival called Auribeau-sur-Scène to celebrate the living arts (classical and contemporary theatre, ambulatory theatre, children's shows, etc.) and highlighting the heritage of the commune.

Notable people linked to the commune
Joseph Grégoire Casy (1787-1862), soldier and politician, born in Auribeau-sur-Siagne on 8 October 1787.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department
The Siagne river

Bibliography
Yves Bernard, Tourist and Cultural Annual of Alpes-Maritimes and the Principality of Monaco, p. 19, Éditions Campanile, 1997,

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

Auribeau-sur-Siagne official website
Auribeau-sur-Siagne on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Auribeau on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Aspremont is the name of 2 communes in France:

 Aspremont, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Alpes-Maritimes department
 Aspremont, Hautes-Alpes, in the Hautes-Alpes department

Other uses
 Aspremont (chanson de geste),  an Old French chanson de geste about a battle at Aspromonte in Italy
 , a French noble family, originally from Apremont-la-Forêt

See also
 Apremont (disambiguation)
 Aspromonte, a mountain massif in the province of Reggio Calabria, southern Italy


WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 (sometimes subtitled with featuring ECW) is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Wii, and Xbox 360 video game consoles, with TOSE overseeing development for the Nintendo DS version. The game was first released on November 9, 2008 in North America. It is the tenth overall installment in the video game series based on the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) promotion, and the fifth game under the SmackDown vs. Raw name, named after the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brands. It is the sequel to 2007's SmackDown vs. Raw 2008 and the second game to feature the promotion's ECW brand.

2009 introduced the Inferno match, a revamped tag team match, and four new game modes: "Create-a-Finisher", "Road to WrestleMania", "Career", and multiplayer season.

The game was succeeded by 2009's WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010.

Road to WrestleMania
The Road to WrestleMania mode debuted in this game, replacing the popular Season mode from previous games. It was then featured in every new game in the series, before it was removed for WWE '13. This mode allows the player to play through personalized storylines for John Cena, Triple H, The Undertaker, Chris Jericho, CM Punk, and a tag team storyline for Batista and Rey Mysterio.

Gameplay

Match gameplay
One of the game's most prominent features is the enhanced tag team match. Additions in the match include new ways of tagging the player's tag team partner such as the hot tag, which can help save the player in the match if they are in trouble, and the forced blind tag, where the illegal partner can tag his or herself into the ring. The legal player's tag team partner has more of a part to play in this match and will aid the player by holding an opponent on the ropes while on the apron (pictured), and pulling down the ropes for an opponent who is dashing towards them, sending them out of the ring. Teams will now share their own momentum meter, attributes and double team finishers.

SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 is the first WWE video game to include the Inferno match, a match where the player has to set their opponent on fire. It is similar to the real life match which takes place with the ring surrounded by fire coming from gas fed pipes. To win the player must increase the temperature of the ring by performing more devastating moves. As soon as the temperature reaches 500°F (or in the EU version 300°C), the player can then begin to set their opponent on fire. To set a person on fire, the player raises the temperature to the maximum and drags the person towards the ropes, provided that the opponent is badly injured. However, this match is not available for the Nintendo DS or Wii.

Several matches absent in previous games also returned to the series. The backstage brawl, where players can battle in either the locker room or the backstage "Gorilla position" with a variety of weapons at their disposal, returned and replaced the parking lot brawl match featured in the last game. The Gauntlet match is a newly featured match selection in the Smackdown vs. Raw 2009 series where one superstar takes on three others one immediately after the other. The General Manager mode and Create-A-Championship were removed from this version.

Both the Wii and DS versions now include new match types, such as the Steel Cage and Ladder match, with the DS version also featuring tables and TLC matches.

Fighting styles, a major feature from the previous version, were removed. Some abilities used there were kept and enhanced with each wrestler possessing six out of twenty different abilities that would aid the player in specific areas. New to the game is the inclusion of signature moves, moves secondary in importance next to their finishing moves. When in full momentum, the players can choose to store a signature move instead of performing a finishing move which they can perform later.

A new semi-auto targeting system was implemented into the game, which will generally automatically target a particular wrestler the player wants to attack but can also be controlled in-game by the player.

Japanese company TOSE took over from Amaze Entertainment in development for the Nintendo DS version. Unlike the previous year's game whose gameplay was focused exclusively on the handheld's stylus, this year's edition instead uses by default the D-pad for movement and the left shoulder button for finishing moves. The DS version's gameplay is now similar to that from the other consoles with full movement control around the ring for the wrestler and a stamina meter to build up for a finishing move. Grappling, attacks and submissions would still be controlled by the stylus.

Game modes
Road To Wrestlemania:
In this new mode, players can choose from five superstars to play as in single-player storylines: Triple H, CM Punk, The Undertaker, John Cena, or Chris Jericho. The storylines featured in the mode are tailor-made to fit the chosen wrestler's character with each cutscene made exclusively for the wrestler.
 As part of the game's new emphasis on tag teams, a co-operative storyline was also included in the mode, in which players can take the parts of Rey Mysterio or Batista. For the first time the Wii version also includes the Road to WrestleMania mode, replacing their equivalent Main Event mode in the previous edition.

Career Mode:
Unlike the Road to WrestleMania mode, all superstars and divas featured in the game are eligible to play including wrestlers created by the player in Create-A-Superstar mode. The main aim of this mode is for the player to fight their way up the rankings for a particular title of their choice, in match types that they can also choose. After each match, the player's character is awarded attribute points based on the style of wrestling the player used.

Nintendo DS:
Fully inspired by the TOSE-developed game, Dragon Quest Heroes: Rocket Slime, the Nintendo DS version has an RPG element to their season mode. Players will be able to roam around the arena, improve their characters through the training room or WWE Shop and interact with superstars to start feuds. The player is given missions to complete in order to become a champion. Created wrestlers will be eligible to use this career mode.

Create modes
The series features a new Create Mode: The Create-A-Finisher feature. In it, the player has the ability to chain a selection of up to 10 out of over 500 animations to make unique finishing moves along with the choice to speed up or slow down the animations. Created finishers are limited to moves starting with both wrestlers standing face-to-face  The Create-A-Finisher feature is not available on the Wii or DS versions of the game.

The other major new addition to the game's create modes is the "Highlight Reel", where players can record the last 30 seconds of an ongoing match, and edit the clips together afterwards with custom camera angles and added visual and sound effects. Players can save up to 20 files and can upload them for online users to see, and custom reels can be used as an entrance movie for a created superstar. The mode is featured only on PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Both Create-A-Finisher and Highlight Reel have replaced the Create-A-Belt feature, which was taken out due to its lack of support from fans.

The Create-A-Superstar mode is in the major consoles, but now features physics-based clothing items that will sway around realistically such as loose clothing and necklaces. About 70% of the parts in the mode are now 3D with about 25 to 30% of the mode featuring new content. For the first time, the Nintendo DS version features a limited version of the Create-A-Superstar mode.

A roster editor has also been introduced to change the wrestler's brand, face/heel disposition and titles for exhibition matches. The game's Create-A-Stable mode has also been incorporated into the editor under the Team Management name.

The Create-An-Entrance mode has now been extended to feature created entrances for tag teams. The Wii version features a Create-An-Entrance mode like the other versions except a limited created entrance for tag teams. Instead, utilizing the Wii Remote and nunchuk, it features interactive entrances and victory celebrations, such as posing or beating down an opponent post-match. Successful poses during the player's entrance give them more momentum and bonuses at the start of the match.

Online features
The Wii version included online gameplay as well as rankings. Voice chat functionality is present in PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions. Also, if a tattoo is used on a created superstar, he/she will be prohibited from playing online. Online play is not available for the PlayStation 2 version.

Development
The in-game commentary in the major console versions feature three announcing teams like the previous version but is considered to have a more play-by-play aspect this time. According to THQ, loading times for the game have been reduced by 50%, affecting such areas as wrestler entrances.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack consists of a mixture of entrance theme songs used by the wrestlers (many of which are composed by WWE's music director Jim Johnston) and the following licensed songs.

The players can also give any wrestler their own entrance music from any audio file saved on console's hard drive, although this feature is restricted to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, as the other consoles have no capability to save MP3s or other format sound files, and this is not the first game to include the feature on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, as the previous game, WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2008 was the first game for both systems to allow the feature.

P.O.D. contributed with two of their songs, "Addicted" and "Booyaka 619", featured in the game's soundtrack.

Marketing and release
Production of the game was officially announced in March 2008 by IGN and THQ. IGN released their first video game trailer and screenshots for SmackDown vs. Raw 2009. The trailer featured The Hardys (Matt and Jeff) in a tag team match against Randy Orton and Mr. Kennedy at the SummerSlam pay-per-view and the new tag team match features were explained. A commercial for the game was released in October, starring Triple H along with John Cena, Batista, Big Show, Hornswoggle, Lilian Garcia and Kelly Kelly.

A demo for the game was released in October for the PlayStation 3 console, featuring the singles and tag team matches with Jeff Hardy, Matt Hardy, Shawn Michaels and Triple H as playable characters.

As with the previous game, a special collector's edition of SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 for the PlayStation 3 was released, which includes the game, special steel cage packaging, and a Blu-ray Disc featuring matches from Raw and SmackDown shows as well as a behind-the-scenes documentary on the making of the game. This release was exclusive to the North American region.

A similar collector's edition was released in European regions, which features a special plastic ring, which has the same dimensions as a Blu-ray case. It also has the same Blu-ray disc as the North American release included in this package.

Reception

The game has received generally mixed to positive reviews from gaming critics. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 79.38% and 79 out of 100 for the Xbox 360 version; 78.28% and 79 out of 100 for the Wii version; 78.14% and 78 out of 100 for the PlayStation 3 version; 77.44% and 78 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; 72.90% and 72 out of 100 for the PSP version; 60% for the Mobile version; and 56.76% and 58 out of 100 for the DS version.

Critics generally praised the Road to WrestleMania. IGN was, however, more critical of the game, calling the gameplay "noticeably stale" from previous games and citing the Highlight Reel and Create-A-Finisher modes as limited. GameSpot gave the console versions 7.5 out of 10, lauding the game's graphics and the large number of moves, match types, single player modes and improved AI. Some aspects of the game's presentation were criticized, particularly movement animations, clipping issues and weak sound effects. While the reception for the Nintendo DS version was varied between critics, both IGN and GamesMaster criticized its touch-screen control scheme, suggesting that button-based control would have been more ideal.

See also

 List of licensed wrestling video games
 List of fighting games
 List of video games in the WWE 2K Games series
 WWE 2K

References

External links

2008 video games
Multiplayer online games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation Portable games
Tose (company) games
Wii games
WWE Raw video games
WWE SmackDown! 09
WWE video games
Extreme Championship Wrestling video games
Xbox 360 games
Wii Wi-Fi games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
THQ games
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Luís Azevedo da Silva Novo (born May 29, 1970 in Oliveira do Bairro) is a male long-distance runner from Portugal, who won the 2001 edition of the Vienna Marathon, clocking 2:10.28. He ended up in fourth place in the men's marathon at the 1999 World Championships.

He set het personal best time (2:09.41) in 2002 at the Berlin Marathon, when he finished in seventh place. Novo represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, finishing in 50th place.

Achievements

References

Profile
marathoninfo

1970 births
Living people
Portuguese male long-distance runners
Portuguese male marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Portugal
People from Oliveira do Bairro
Sportspeople from Aveiro District


Aspremont (; , formerly; Niçard: Aspermùnt) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

In 2020, it had a population of
2,271. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aspremontois (masculine) or Aspremontoises (feminine).

Geography
Aspremont is located some 10 km north of Nice and 5 km east of Carros. Access to the commune is by road M414 (Route de Nice) from Nice in the south, by the M14 road from Saint-Blaise in the north, and by the M719 from Tourrette-Levens in the east. Apart from the village there are the towns of Les Salettes, La Plaine, La Valliere, and La Prairie near the village and Les Templiers, Bassac, Cabanes Bletonnieres, and Gibeste in the south. The commune is rugged and heavily forested in the west and east.

The Magnan river rises near the village and flows south through the heart of the commune then to the Mediterranean Sea in the south-west of Nice.

Aspremont is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
After the abandonment of the Aspremont-le-Vieux site in 1426, a fortified village was built in concentric circles at the foot of Mont-Chauve on a hill overlooking a path between the Var and the Paillon de Tourrette Valley. Soil and sunshine favoured the cultivation of vines, olives, and fruit trees, particularly fig trees. There was production of wine and olive oil in the county until the end of the 19th century.

In 1874 Aspremont had its land area divided to create the new communes of Colomars and Castagniers.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demographics

Sites and monuments

Fort of Mont Chauve of Aspremont (19th century)
Ruins of the medieval village on Mont Cima
The house where François-Xavier Maistre was born
Church of Saint-Jacques le Mejeur
Chapel of Saint-Claude
Chapel of Notre-Dame des Salettes

Notable people linked to the commune
François-Xavier Maistre (1705-1789), President of the Senate of Savoy, father of Joseph de Maistre and Xavier de Maistre, was a native of Aspremont in the County of Nice.
Magma, a musical group, has had a recording studio in the commune since 2010.

Twin towns
 Montechiaro d'Acqui, Italy (2003)

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links

Aspremont commune website
Aspremont on the old IGN website
Aspremont on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aspremont on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Ascros (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Ascrossois or Ascrossoises.

Geography
Ascros is an alpine commune located some 45 km north-west of Nice and 15 km east by south-east of Puget-Théniers. Access to the commune is by the D27 road from Toudon in the south-east passing through the heart of the commune and the village and continuing west to Puget-Théniers. the D427 road branches off the D27 in the commune and goes south-west to join the D17 road which goes to Sigale in the south. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Rourebel, Les Chats, and Les Crottes all along the D27 road. The commune is very rugged and alpine in nature with large forests.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy
The commune name in Occitan is Als Cros and in Italian Ascroso.

History
Many ancient remains have been found in the commune including tombs dating from the Bronze Age and from Antiquity (Roman Empire).

The village is cited under the name of Castrum de Crocis in 1066. Its current name of Ascros was adopted in 1760. The origin of the name is the Low Latin crosus meaning "depression".

The current village is located at an altitude of 1,145 metres above sea level in a defensive site. In 1252 Raibaud d'Ascros, Lord of Ascros or of Crocquio, seized the lordship of Toudon before being chased out.

The commune is a former fief of the barons then the counts of Beuil.

In 1508 Georges Grimaldi, Lord of Beuil, and his cousin Jean Grimaldi, Lord of Levens agreed with King Louis XII to deliver Nice to the king in exchange for some lordships perhaps through the Governor of Provence of whom Georges was the son-in-law. This agreement failed. They were then summoned to come and explain to the Governor of Nice, Squire of La Pallud. Georges refused. On 5 January 1508 in his chateau at Beuil his barber, Esprit Testoris, slit his throat, possibly paid by the Governor of Nice. The County of Beuil then reverted to his younger brother, Honoré, Lord of Ascros. Honoré I of Beuil, friend of Charles III, Duke of Savoy, was appointed Governor of Nice and faithfully provided the defence of the county.

In 1526 Jean-Baptiste Grimaldi, second son of Honoré I (d. 1537) and Lord of Ascros, was accused by another Honoré, Lord of Les Ferres and of Gilette, of plotting with his brother, René Grimaldi - Lord of Massoins, against the Duke of Savoy with the King of France. In revenge the two brothers laid siege to the chateau of Gilette where the Lord of Les Ferres was but who managed to escape. The Governor of Nice, having seen the troubles that the Duke had made, ordered the return of the Chateau of Gilette which was achieved after two months of siege. The brothers had to flee. Their father had to seek clemency from the Duke for them, which was obtained by an act of 6 December 1529 after the Paix des Dames or Treaty of Cambrai. Meanwhile, the Lord of Les Ferres retaliated by attacking Rigaud in 1528. René returned to the county and was murdered in his sleep by one of his servants who was paid by his opponents. Jean-Baptiste then intrigued with France and decided to make war against the Duke of Savoy.

In August 1543 throughout the County of Nice the population rose against the Duke and, between 11 and 16 August 1543, there was terror with looting, and burning of those villages that did not recognize the King of France. Jean-Baptiste Grimaldi of Beuil was killed in 1544 at the Battle of Cérisoles fighting for the King of France.

The revolt of Annibal Grimaldi brought about his conviction and execution in 1621 and, the chateau was destroyed by order of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. The fief of Ascros was given to one Galléan then went to the Caissoti family who were Lords of Roubion who also owned the lordship of Toudon.

In 1793, during the Battle of Gilette, 300 men camped in the village.

Apart from the traditional cultivation of cereals, the village also lived on the raising of sheep and goats. Some people also operated small mines and quarries in the late 19th century.

During the Second World War the village provided refuge for Jews but a raid led to three arrests.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

A municipal election was held in 1999 following a long municipal crisis leading to the dissolution of the council by the Council of Ministers and leading to the election of Vincent Giobergia.

From 1 January 2014 Ascos has been a member of the Community of Communes of Alpes d'Azur. Formerly it was a member of the Community of communes of vallées d'Azur until this disappeared under the new departmental plan for inter-communal cooperation.

Population

Older demographics can be found in the book:
Alain Ruggiero, The population of the County of Nice from 1693 to 1939, Serre éditeur, Nice, 2002 ()

Sites and Monuments
The Church of Saint-Véran, a Romanesque church from the 12th century rebuilt. The church has a nave with three arched vaults and a semi-circular vaulted Apse cul-de-four. The side tower has been rebuilt with an entrance porch.
Ruins of the feudal Chateau des Grimaldi.
Chapel of Sainte-Anne at the entrance to the village - a place of pilgrimage.
The hamlet of Crottes to the east of the village. A Roman road passed through here. A pathway leads to the Chapel of Sainte-Baume.

See also

Bibliography
 Sylvain Gagnière, Ascros (Alpes-Maritimes), Gallia Préhistoire, IV, 1961, p. 378.
 Sylvain Gagnière, Ascros (Alpes-Maritimes), Gallia Préhistoire, VI, 1963, p. 366-368.
 Yves Bernard, The Tourist and Cultural Annual of Alpes-Maritimes and Monaco, p. 221, Éditions Campanile, 1997

Related articles
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

Official commune website
 Ascros on the old IGN website
Ascros on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Scros on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Noel Armando Vásquez Mendoza (born October 19, 1976 in Capacho) is a Venezuelan former professional racing cyclist.

Major results

2000
 1st  Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stages 4 & 6
2001
 1st  Overall Vuelta al Táchira
1st Stage 6
 5th Overall Vuelta a Colombia
2002
 2nd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Stages 7 & 11
2004
 2nd Overall Vuelta a Guatemala
2008
 National Road Championships
 1st  Road race
3rd Time trial
 1st Stage 5 Vuelta al Táchira
 6th Overall Clásico Ciclístico Banfoandes
2010
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
2011
 1st  Overall Vuelta a Trujillo
 3rd Overall Vuelta al Táchira
 1st Stage 11

External links

1976 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
People from Rocha Department
20th-century Venezuelan people
21st-century Venezuelan people


Andon (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Andonnais or Andonnaises

Geography
Andon is a small village in the Alpes-Maritimes located about 50 kilometres north-west of Cannes and 30 kilometres south-east of Castellane. Andon is a second home for many coastal residents and for people attracted by the peace and beauty of the area and a winter village surrounded by small ski resorts.

Due to its proximity to the Côte d'Azur and the quietness of the mountains, Andon is a hub for tourists, regular or not, each in search of calm for a few days or hours and is also a haven of peace for artists.

The ski resort of Audibergue is in Andon commune. The Loup has its source nearby.

The village is accessible via the D79 which branches west from the D5 road passing through the village and continuing west to Caille.  The D2 road also passes through the north of the commune from Valderoure in the west to Greolieres in the east. The No. 400 route of the Sillages Transport Association (Valderoure-Saint-Vallier) serves the town from Monday to Friday on request and No. 410 route (Valderoure-Villaute) and No. 411 route (Saint-Auban-Villaute) from Monday to Saturday also on request.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Climate
The climate of the region is Alpine with Mediterranean influences. Winters are cold (-4 °C to 6 °C) with warm summers (22 °C in the afternoon) and sunny with cool nights (8 to 10 °C). The rest of the year is rather cool with frosts possible from October to May.

History
The commune of Andon incorporates territory from three areas with Thorenc and Haut-Thorenc, Thorenc-Station, and Bas-Thorenc in the north, the hamlet of Canauxin in the east, and the ski resort of Audibergue in the south.

Andon
The site of Andon village has been occupied since 1000 BC. There are traces of the presence of Ligures in an entrenched camp called Castellaras de la Selle d'Andon. This site was later occupied by the Romans. Milestones have been found indicating the Via Vintiana connecting Séranon to Gréolières with the names of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius and the procurator Julius Honoratus.

There are traces of Roman presence at multiple sites in the commune at: la Selle de Caille, la ferme du château, la Moulière, les Teilles, la Selle d'Andon, la Baisse, la Haute-Valette. At Collet de la Serre in the castellaras a small necropolis was found. The ruins of a large Roman tomb have been identified near the priory of Clos de Bourges.

The village of Andon succeeded a former village which was perched on the Col de Castellaras and whose remains date to the 13th century. It was abandoned after a fire in the 18th century. The village was then rebuilt at the current location.

The Count of Provence gave the lordship of Andon to Romée de Villeneuve in 1230. The lordship then passed to the family of Grasse-Bar, then to Russan then Théas. On the eve of the Revolution it belonged, with Thorenc, to Mr. de Fanton, a Lieutenant-General at the Grasse headquarters.

The death of Queen Joanna I of Naples created a crisis of succession for the head of the County of Provence. The cities of the Union of Aix (1382-1387) supported Charles of Duras against Louis I of Anjou. The Lord of Andon, Florent de Castellane, endorsed the Angevins in 1385 after the death of Louis I.

Canaux
Canaux appears in texts in 1251.

In 1421, the Countess of Provence gave this lordship to Bertrand de Grasse. The original village was located 1 km to the west.

In 1623, the Bishop of Grasse dared not climb to Canaux "as we are assured that the road is rough and bad". His successors were equally cautious.

Thorenc
Thorenc is mentioned in texts from 1200 under the name castrum de Torenc or Torenc. The village was originally a lordship of Grasse, then of Boniface de Castellane before depending the Count of Provence in 1235 who passed it to Romée de Villeneuve. The Lords of Thorenc only resided in the castle of the Four Towers a few months per year.

From 1348 village life was disturbed by the arrival of the Black Death that decimated the population and then by the war between the Angevins and Duras for the succession of the County of Provence. In 1384 and between January and October 1385, a gang leader called Vita de Blois was present at Thorenc who seized the lordship on behalf of the Count of Savoy. The text of the Truce of Nice of 3 November 1388, stated that Vita de Blois entered the service of Amédée VII with 25 spears and undertakes not to attack until the following May the Duchess of Anjou and her supporters from his castrum de Thorenc. There were still the ravages of the plague in the 15th century that drove people to leave the village.

In 1542 a branch of Villeneuve-Thorenc appeared with Claude I. His descendants were also lords of Saint-Jeannet and governors of Saint-Paul-de-Vence. Claude I of Villeneuve-Thorenc sold, in 1539, the Castle of the Four Towers to Rascas, Lord of Muy. He built a new castle in Haut-Thorenc. Antoine de Russan, who was called Virnasse Lord of Thorenc, of Malle, and of Pignans, would have bought the Lordship of Thorenc from Rascas of Muy around 1515. The Rascas family had sufficient money to follow François I to war. They held Thorenc from Charles of Anjou (after it having belonged to the Templars.) It was he who strengthened and renovated the castle. The castle then belonged to Raymond of Eoulx, Puget de Clermont, Calvy, Saint-André, then to the Count of Estang-Parade.

Towards 1515, the Russan family originally from Grasse (Simosse said of Russan that they were converted Jewish merchants the 3rd richest in the city in the 15th century who certainly came from Russan near Nîmes) were co-lords of Thorenc and owned land in Bas-Thorenc. An Act of 26 August 1520 recorded the sharing agreement of Thorenc land between Antoine de Villeneuve (of Haut-Thorenc) and Antoine de Russan (of Lower Thorenc). In 1640 at the wedding of Honorade de Russan, the Russans were still lords of Thorenc. In 1624, Antoine III de Russan, Squire of Thorenc, married his daughter Gasparde "acted, done and published audit at Thorenc and in the room of the house and castle of the Squire of Thorenc". (There may be some scepticism about the sale of the Castle of the Four Towers to Villeneuve in 1560 since it was in the Russan family from 1515 to at least 1624).

Antoine de Grasse inherited the Russan land and formed the line of Grasse-Thorenc with a share of the land of Bas-Thorenc with the other part belonging to Grasse-Saint-Cézaire. The fief of Grasse-Thorenc was purchased by the Lombards of Amirat in 1632. It was sold in 1708 to Paul de Théas, Lord of Caille. The marriage in 1746 of Anne-Marie, sister of François de Théas-Thorenc, to Albert de Durand de Sartoux brought the Castle of Barraque into the Durand de Sartoux family.

The Castle of the Four Towers was sold in 1560 by Rescas, Lord of Muy to Villeneuve-Mons and it then passed into the Villeneuve-Bargemon family. In the middle of the 18th century their heirs sold this part of the fief to Claude de Fanton, Lord of Andon and king's counsel in the Seneschal of Grasse.

After the Revolution, the territory of Thorenc became part of the commune of Andon.

The hygienism of the 19th century (based on the findings of Louis Pasteur) created the fashion of staying in Thorenc as a climate station using therapy for hygiene. The sanatorium of the clergy of France was built on the site of the castle of the abbots of Lérins.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Partial municipal elections took place in 2002 following the revocation of Adrien Prato by judicial decision, leading to the election of Michèle Olivier.

Population

Sites and Monuments

The Church was of medieval origin but completely rebuilt in 1820. It contains a Stoup (12th century) which is registered as an historical object.
The ruins of the Chapel of Saint-Hilaire, abandoned after the War of the Austrian Succession in 1746
The oppidum of Font-Freye at 1211 m
The Selle d'Andon where there was a priory dependent on the Abbey of Lérins. The site was occupied by the Romans. There is a Roman cemetery next to the chapel
The Oratory of Saint Antoine, a former place of pilgrimage
Audibergue Mountain with a peak at 1642 m. A ski resort was created there in 1960
The Chasms of Audibergue
The hamlet of Canaux with the ruins of the old village abandoned in the 14th century, the 5 Celtic-Ligurian camps, the Pitches of the Moulière Valley
The Castellaras de Thorenc (Middle Ages) is a remnant of the medieval village with its castle and ramparts dating from the 12th and 14th centuries. The city was at the fork of an east-west Roman road and the medieval road from Grasse to Castellane
The  Château des Quatre-Tours (Chateau of Four Towers) is a fortified manor house built in the 15th century at Thorenc-Station

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links
Andon Official website
Andon on the National Geographic Institute website
Andon on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Andon on the 1750 Cassini Map
 Andon association

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Amirat (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Geography
This little village is made up of three quarters:
The Agots, with the church and the hostel.
Amirat village, where the mayor's office is located.
Maupoil, location of the 16th century Saint Jeannet's Chapel.

Politics
Amirat had the fourth highest percentage of people who voted for Jean-Marie Le Pen of all French communes during the second round of voting in 2002 - 59.26%.

Population
The commune's inhabitants are known as Amiratois.

Sights
Saint Jeannet's Chapel, a 16th-century chapel with lovely wooden gate in Maupoil.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links

 Official site (French)

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Aiglun is the name of 2 communes in France:

 Aiglun, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 Aiglun, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Alpes-Maritimes department


The oil cleansing method, often abbreviated as OCM, is a system for cleaning the human body. It is sometimes used for treating acne. Sometimes, oils can be mixed; one example is 50% extra virgin olive oil and 50% castor oil. This mixture can be optimized based on skin type and personal preference.

In accordance with skin type variations, castor oil may be too harsh in some skin-care regimens and is sometimes used in a 1:9 ratio. However, overly oily skin can make use of a larger proportion of castor oil. Other oils that are commonly used are jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, argan oil, rosehip oil, sunflower oil, Safflower oil, and grapeseed oil. Furthermore, some sources say that the oil cleansing method is not viable for sensitive skin.

History

The modern OCM method claims to be derived from ancient bathing practices. It differs from these practices in its focus solely on oil, and the ancients would also use water. Modern soap was not produced industrially until the 19th century. In the ancient world people would use olive oil as part of their bathing. They may have combined the oil with ash, and we know they used a scraping implement called a strigil.

In the Roman baths, a man would bathe in this way before taking a Caldarium or 'hot bath'.  Pliny the Elder himself mentions ancient bathing practices.

Method
In this beauty treatment, the oil is rubbed into skin for approximately two minutes. Next, a warm, damp microfiber wash cloth is used to wipe off the excess oil. Applied sparingly, oil may be used to moisturize the skin after the cleansing oil has been removed from the face.

References

Skin care


The semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) is a category of rare neurotological diseases/disorders affecting the inner ears, which gathers the superior SCD, lateral SCD and posterior SCD. These SCDs induce SCD syndromes (SCDSs), which define specific sets of hearing and balance symptoms. This entry mainly deals with the superior SCDS.

The superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SSCDS) is a set of hearing and balance symptoms that a rare disease/disorder of the inner ear's superior semicircular canal/duct induces.  The symptoms are caused by a thinning or complete absence of the part of the temporal bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the vestibular system. There is evidence that this rare defect, or susceptibility, is congenital. There are also numerous cases of symptoms arising after physical trauma to the head. It was first described in 1998 by Lloyd B. Minor of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

Symptoms
The superior canal dehiscence can affect both hearing and balance to different extents in different people.

Symptoms of the SCDS include:
 Autophony – person's own speech or other self-generated noises (e.g. heartbeat, eye movements, creaking joints, chewing) are heard unusually loudly in the affected ear
 Dizziness/vertigo – chronic disequilibrium caused by the dysfunction of the superior semicircular canal
 Tullio phenomenon – sound-induced vertigo, disequilibrium or dizziness, nystagmus and oscillopsia
 Pulse-synchronous oscillopsia
 Hyperacusis – the over-sensitivity to sound
 Low-frequency conductive hearing loss
 A feeling of fullness in the affected ear
 Brain fog
 Fatigue
 Headache/migraine
 Tinnitus – high pitched ringing in the ear

Symptoms in detail
 SCDS-related autophony differs greatly in quality and range from the more common form which results from an open, or patulous Eustachian tube through which sufferers of this disorder hear the sound of their own voice and breathing. In contrast, patients with SCDS-related autophony report hearing their own voice as a disturbingly loud and distorted "kazoo-like" sound deep inside the head as if relayed through "a cracked loudspeaker." Additionally they may hear the creaking and cracking of joints, the sound of their footsteps when walking or running, their heartbeat and the sound of chewing and other digestive noises. Some sufferers of this condition experience such a high level of conductive hyperacusis that a tuning fork placed on the ankle will be heard in the affected ear. The bizarre phenomenon of being able to hear the sound of the eyeballs moving in their sockets (e.g. when reading in a quiet room) "like sandpaper on wood" is one of the more distinctive features of this condition and is almost exclusively associated with SCDS.
 Tullio phenomenon, another of the more identifiable symptoms leading to a positive SCD diagnosis is sound-induced loss of balance. Patients showing this symptom may experience a loss of equilibrium, a feeling of motion sickness or even actual nausea, triggered by normal everyday sounds. Although this is often associated with loud noises, volume is not necessarily a factor. Patients describe a wide range of sounds that affect balance: the 'rattle' of a plastic bag; a cashier tossing coins into the register; a telephone ringing; a knock at the door; music; the sound of children playing and even the patient's own voice are typical examples of sounds that can cause a loss of balance when this condition is present, although there are countless others. The presence of Tullio may also mean that involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), sometimes rotational, are set off by sound, giving the sufferer the impression that the world is tipping, clockwise or anticlockwise, depending on the site of the dehiscence. Some patients report this tilt as being as much as 15°. For such persons, a visit to the concert hall or to a noisy playground may seem like being at the epicenter of an earthquake. A change of pressure within the middle ear (for example when flying or nose-blowing) may equally set off a bout of disequilibrium or nystagmus.
 Low-frequency conductive hearing loss is present in many patients with SCDS and is explained by the dehiscence acting as a "third window." Vibrations entering the ear canal and middle ear are then abnormally diverted through the superior semicircular canal and up into the intracranial space where they become absorbed instead of being registered as sound in the hearing center, the cochlea. Due to the difference in resistance between the normal round window and the pathological dehiscence window this hearing loss is more serious in the lower frequencies and may initially be mistaken for otosclerosis.  In some patients there is true enhancement of low frequency hearing via bone conducted sound.  A clinical sign of this phenomenon is the ability of the patient to hear (not feel) a tuning fork placed upon the ankle bone.
 Pulsatile tinnitus is yet another of the typical symptoms of SCDS and is caused by the gap in the dehiscent bone allowing the normal pulse-related pressure changes within the cranial cavity to enter the inner ear abnormally. These pressure changes affect the sound of the tinnitus which will be perceived as containing a pulse-synchronized "wave" or "blip" which patients describe as a "swooshing" sound or as being like the chirrup of a cricket or grasshopper.
 Brain fog and fatigue are both common SCDS symptoms and are caused by the brain having to spend an unusual amount of its energy on the simple act of keeping the body in a state of equilibrium when it is constantly receiving confusing signals from the dysfunctional semicircular canal.
 Headache and migraine are also often mentioned by patients showing other symptoms of SCDS due to the body overcompensating for poor hearing in the affected ear by tensing up nearby parts of the face, head, and neck and using them as almost a secondary eardrum.

Causes
According to current research, in approximately 2.5% of the general population the bones of the head develop to only 60–70% of their normal thickness in the months following birth. This genetic predisposition may explain why the section of temporal bone separating the superior semicircular canal from the cranial cavity, normally 0.8 mm thick, shows a thickness of only 0.5 mm, making it more fragile and susceptible to damage through physical head trauma or from slow erosion. An explanation for this erosion of the bone has not yet been found.

Diagnosis
The presence of dehiscence can be detected by a high definition (0.6 mm or less) coronal CT scan of the temporal bone, currently the most reliable way to distinguish between superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) and other conditions of the inner ear involving similar symptoms such as Ménière's disease, perilymphatic fistula and cochlea-facial nerve dehiscence. Other diagnostic tools include the vestibular evoked myogenic potential or VEMP test, videonystagmography (VNG), electrocochleography (ECOG) and the rotational chair test. An accurate diagnosis is of great significance as unnecessary exploratory middle ear surgery may thus be avoided. Several of the symptoms typical to SCDS (e.g. vertigo and Tullio) may also be present singly or as part of Ménière's disease, sometimes causing the one illness to be confused with the other. There are reported cases of patients being affected by both Ménière's disease and SCDS concurrently.

As SCDS is a very rare and still a relatively unknown condition, obtaining an accurate diagnosis of this distressing (and even disabling) disease may take some time as many health care professionals are not yet aware of its existence and frequently dismiss symptoms as being mental health-related.

Treatment
Once diagnosed, the gap in the temporal bone can be repaired by surgical resurfacing of the affected bone or plugging of the superior semicircular canal. These techniques are performed by accessing the site of the dehiscence either via a middle fossa craniotomy or via a canal drilled through the transmastoid bone behind the affected ear. Bone cement has been the material most often used, in spite of its tendency to slippage and resorption, and a consequent high failure rate; recently, soft tissue grafts have been substituted.

Eponym
Occasionally this disorder has been referred to as Minor's syndrome, after its discoverer, Lloyd B. Minor. However, that eponym has also been given to an unrelated condition, the paralysis and anaesthesia following a spinal injury, which is named after the Russian neurologist, Lazar Salomowitch Minor (1855–1942). In the latter case this term is now nearly obsolete.

Known cases
Sean McDonough, ESPN sportscaster

References

External links

Traumatology
Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
Rare diseases


The Grand Secretariat () was nominally a coordinating agency but de facto the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the office of Chancellor (of the Zhongshu Sheng) in 1380 and gradually evolved into an effective coordinating organ superimposed on the Six Ministries. There were altogether six Grand Secretaries (), though the posts were not always filled. The most senior one was popularly called Senior Grand Secretary (, shǒufǔ). The Grand Secretaries were nominally ranked as mid-level officials, ranked much lower than the Ministers, heads of the Ministries. However, since they screened documents submitted to the emperor from all governmental agencies, and had the power of drafting suggested rescripts for the emperor, generally known as piàonǐ () or tiáozhǐ (), some senior Grand Secretaries were able to dominate the whole government, acting as de facto Chancellor. The word nèigé itself also became to refer modern cabinet in Chinese.

The Grand Secretariat system was adopted by the Lê dynasty and Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam. It was also adopted by the Qing dynasty, however, it was only the de jure highest institution during Qing dynasty.

Evolution
At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the administration adopted the Yuan dynasty's model of having only one department, the Secretariat, superimposed on the Six Ministries. The Secretariat was led by two Chancellors, differentiated as being "of the left" (senior) and "of the right" (junior), who were the head of the whole officialdom in the empire. the Hongwu Emperor was concerned that such a concentration of power in the office of Chancellors would become a serious threat to the throne. In 1380, Chancellor Hu Weiyong was executed upon accusations of treason. After that, the Hongwu Emperor eradicated the Secretariat and the posts of Chancellor; Ministers of the Six Ministries directly reported to the emperor himself.

The burden of the administrative details made it imperative for the emperor to seek secretarial assistance. In 1382, the Hongwu Emperor drew from the Hanlin Academy, an institution that provided literary and scholarly services to the court, several Grand Secretaries to process his administrative paperwork. These Grand Secretaries were assigned for duty to designated buildings within the imperial palace, and they were collectively known as the Grand Secretariat since the reign of the Yongle Emperor.

The Grand Secretariat gradually had more effective power since the Xuande Emperor's time. During his reign, all memorials from the Ministries to the emperor had to go through the Grand Secretariat. Upon receiving a memorial, the Grand Secretaries first scrutinized it and then decided upon proper response. The rescript was then pasted to the face of the memorial and submitted with it to the emperor. Through this process known as piaoni, the Grand Secretariat became de facto the highest policy-formulation institution above the Six Ministries, and the senior Grand Secretaries had power comparable to the Chancellor of old.

Rank of Grand Secretaries
During the Ming dynasty, civil service officials were classified into nine grades, each grade subdivided into two degrees, extending from grade 1a at the top to grade 9b at the bottom. For example, the top-ranking, non-functional civil service posts of the Three Councillors of State had rank 1a, so did the office of Chancellor. Under this system, the Grand Secretaries, having merely a rank 5a, nominally ranked under various Ministers (whose rank rose from 3a to 2a after the abolishment of the Chancellor). However, the Grand Secretaries were usually given other high-ranking posts of regular administrative agencies, such as Ministers or Vice Ministers in one of the Nine Ministries. Some even obtained the title of Grand Preceptor among the Three Councillors of State. As a result, throughout the Ming dynasty, the Grand Secretaries always took precedence over other civil service officials by virtue of their honorable status among the Three Councillors of State, or their appointments as high-ranking officials in the administrative hierarchy.

Titles of Grand Secretary

In China
During Ming dynasty, there were 6 different titles of Grand Secretary:
 Grand Secretary of the Zhongji Hall (中極殿大學士): named after the Zhongji Hall (present-day the Zhonghe Hall). Changed name from Grand Secretary of the Huagai Hall (華蓋殿大學士) during Jiajing era.
 Grand Secretary of the Jianji Hall (建極殿大學士): named after the Jianji Hall (present-day the Baohe Hall). Changed name from Grand Secretary of the Jinshen Hall (謹身殿大學士) during Jiajing era.
 Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall (文華殿大學士): named after the Wenhua Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall (武英殿大學士): named after the Wuying Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Library (文淵閣大學士): named after the Wenyuan Library.
 Grand Secretary of the Eastern Library (東閣大學士): named after the Eastern Library (東閣).

During Qing dynasty, there were 7 different titles of Grand Secretary:

 Grand Secretary of the Zhonghe Hall (中和殿大學士, Manchu: dulimba i hūwaliyambure deyen i aliha bithei da): named after the Zhonghe Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall (保和殿大學士, Manchu: enteheme hūuwaliyambure diyan i aliha bithei da): named after the Baohe Hall. Abolished by Qianlong Emperor in 1748.
 Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall (文華殿大學士, Manchu: šu eldengge diyan i aliha bithei da): named after the Wenhua Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall (武英殿大學士, Manchu: horonggo yangsangga deyen i aliha bithei da): named after the Wuying Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Library (文淵閣大學士, Manchu: šu tunggu asari i aliha bithei da): named after the Wenyuan Library.
 Grand Secretary of the Eastern Library (東閣大學士, Manchu: dergi asari i aliha bithei da): named after the Eastern Library (東閣).
 Grand Secretary of the Tiren Library (體仁閣大學士, Manchu: gosin be dursulere asari i aliha bithei da): named after the Tiren Library. Created by Qianlong Emperor in 1748.
 Assistant Grand Secretary (協辦大學士, Manchu: aisilame icihiyara aliha bithei da)

In Vietnam
In Vietnam, during Nguyễn dynasty, there were 5 different titles of Grand Secretary:

 Grand Secretary of the Cần Chánh Hall (): named after the Cần Chánh Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Văn Minh Hall (): named after the Văn Minh Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Võ Hiển Hall (): named after the Võ Hiển Hall.
 Grand Secretary of the Đông Các Hall (): named after the Đông Các Hall (lit. "Eastern Library").
 Assistant Grand Secretary ()

See also

 Nội các (Nguyễn dynasty)
 Censorate
 Grand Council (Qing dynasty)
 Three Excellencies
 Zhongshu Sheng

References

Citations

Sources

 Government of the Ming dynasty
 Government of the Qing dynasty


Garry Pankhurst (born October 1957) is an Australian former child actor and exporter, best known for his role as Sonny Hammond in the 1960s Australian children's television series Skippy. He left the acting profession and went into hotel and restaurant management.  He later started a career in meat export to Malaysia which included kangaroo meat, a situation he referred to as "Sonny's revenge".

References

External links
 Ed Devereaux, Skippy's keeper, dies at 78

1957 births
Australian male child actors
Australian male television actors
Living people


Aiglun () is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aiglenois or Aiglenoises.

Geography
Aiglun is a remote mountain commune some 40 km north-east of Nice in a straight line. There are only two access routes to the commune - the first by Highway D17 from Roquesteron to the east.  Heading west on Highway D17 continue left onto Highway D10 which continues via a mountainous route into the commune and the village of Aiglun. The other access is the continuation of Highway D10 west from Aiglun over a circuitous mountain route to Le Mas.  The Estéron river passes through the commune south of the village and forms part of the western border of the commune as well as a small portion of the eastern border. Numerous streams feed into this river in the commune.

The northern part of the commune consists of high snow-capped mountains while the southern part is less high mountains. There are few roads however there are four hamlets in the Esteron Valley: Vascogne, Les Lones, Le Colombier, and L'Escle.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
In 1388 the village of Aiglun was under the protection of the House of Savoy like the rest of the region during the "Dédition of Nice to Savoy" from 1388.

At the Treaty of Turin on 24 March 1760, the commune became French (the kingdom of France and that of Sardinia then proceeded to boundary adjustments and therefore there was an exchange of territories).

Toponymy
The name of the town appears for the first time in texts around 1200 in the form Ayglezuni. This was derived from the Latin word Aquila, meaning "eagle", and the Gallic dunum, meaning "height" and signifies as a whole the "height of the eagle".

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Aiglun

Mayors from 1942

Population

Sites and Monuments
The village is known for its steep climbing walls over 200 metres high with high difficulty routes.  The Aiglun canyon is also popular for canyoning enthusiasts.

Aiglun Picture Gallery

Notable people
Fanny Robiane. Daughter of Joseph Robin, who was mayor of Aiglun in the early 20th century, this French theatre actress died in 1982 at Aiglun, where she retired and she has left a rich archive (autographed books, including by Armand Godoy, Jean-Richard Bloch and others; pictures; clippings, etc.). Her memory is still alive with the people of Aiglun (the Aiglenois) who knew her and plans are underway to honour her. A cultural association sponsored among others by the commune and the General Council launched since 2004 called "Fanny Robiane Encounter" devoted to theatre, poetry, music and other one-time cultural events are scheduled throughout the year. Sometimes these events are carried out in collaboration with the University of Nice.

See also
 Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department
Yves Bernard, The Tourist and Cultural Directory of the Alpes-Maritimes and Monaco, p. 149 Publishing Campanile, 1997 ()

References

External links

Official website for Aiglun
Aiglun on the old IGN website
Aiglun on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aiglun on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes


Paúl Alberto Torres García (born  November 21, 1983 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan professional racing cyclist.

Career

2004
 1st in Stage 4 Tour de la Guadeloupe, Vieux-Habitants (GUA)
2005
 1st in Stage 2 Vuelta Internacional al Estado Trujillo, Betijoque (VEN)
 1st in Stage 3 Vuelta Internacional al Estado Trujillo, Circuito El Dividive-Sabana de Mendoza (VEN)
2006
 1st in Stage 6 Vuelta Internacional al Estado Trujillo, Bocono (VEN)
 1st in Stage 8 Vuelta Internacional al Estado Trujillo (VEN)
 2nd in General Classification Vuelta Internacional al Estado Trujillo (VEN)
2008
 1st in Stage 7 Vuelta al Táchira, El Vígia (VEN)

External links

1983 births
Living people
Venezuelan male cyclists
Sportspeople from Caracas
Tour de Guadeloupe stage winners


Le Rouret (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Geography
Le Rouret is located  from Grasse,  from Cannes and the Mediterranean coast,  from Nice and  from Monaco. Parts of Le Rouret sit on a south-facing elevation, providing a view to the Mediterranean Sea ranging from Monaco to Saint-Tropez.

Economy
The commune is largely residential, but a number of shops and a local tourist information office can be found in the centre of the village. The surrounding areas are interspersed with flower farms, used by the perfume distilleries of Grasse.

Le Rouret is an example of a typical Provençal village undergoing modern development: evidence of its agricultural present and past remains clear despite increased tourism, cultural activities and housing developments.

History

Protohistory
Two sites in Le Rouret show signs of ancient occupation: Le camp du bois du Rouret and Le Castellaras.

Le camp du bois is situated on a hilltop. Digs carried out by Paul Goby at the end of the 19th century showed signs of habitations from around 400 BC, with the most dense period of occupation being around 100 BC.

Le Castellaras is very similar but additionally sports a fallen monolith, thought to date from the Neolithic era or Bronze Age. However, no other signs of occupations from these periods has been found on this site.

Modern Era
 Early 1900s: 604 inhabitants who work on the land
 1910: tram line to Le Rouret established
 Mai 1928: tram line stopped, fewer travellers arrive
 1945: 545 inhabitants after World War II
 Start of the French Fifth Republic: a road joining Grasse and Nice is built through Le Rouret and population increases.

Population

Personalities

 Richard Wright, best known for his career as a Pink Floyd's keyboardist, lived in a villa in the village.
 The family of Richard Galliano, a French-Italian accordionist, have lived in Le Rouret for generations.
 Actor Roger Moore (007) spent his summers here in his villa.
 British comedian Ricky Gervais bought a villa at the top of Le Rouret in December 2013.
 U2 lead singer Bono owns a residence in the commune.
 Madonna is thought to own a villa in the neighboring commune, Roquefort-les-Pins.
 Peter Churchill, famous SOE agent in the Second World War, lived here after the war until his death in 1972.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Georges Arvanitas (June 13, 1931 – September 25, 2005) was a French jazz pianist and organist.

Life and career
He was born in Marseille, a child of Greek immigrants from Constantinople. At the age of four he began studying piano and initially trained as a classical pianist, switching to jazz during his teens. His influences included Bud Powell and Bill Evans. In the late 1950s, he featured on albums by Art Farmer and Louis Hayes, and played with Dexter Gordon and Johnny Griffin. He also worked with Yusef Lateef.

Discography
 3 am (Pretoria, 1958)
 Cocktail for Three (Pretoria, 1959)
 Soul Jazz (Columbia, 1960)
 Pianos Puzzle (Saravah, 1970)
 In Concert (Futura, 1970)
 Les Classiques Du Jazz (AFA, 1970)
 Orgue Hammond (Neuilly, 1971)
 Douce Ambiance (Neuilly, 1972)
 Live Again (Futura, 1973)
 Porgy and Bess (AFA, 1973)
 Anniversary (AFA, 1975)
 I Like It Cool (REV, 1976)
 The Hound of Music (Psi, 1978)
 Qu'est-Ce Qu'on Joue? with Claude Guilhot (Sign, 1986)
 Round About Midnight (Carrere, 1986)
 Georges Arvanitas Quartet (Carrere, 1987)
 One Night for Three Pianos (Nothing Like Music, 1990)
 Tea for Two with David Murray (Fresh Sound, 1991)
 Recontre (Columbia, 1998)
 Little Florence (Sound Hills, 2000)

As sideman
With Cat Anderson
 Plays at 4 a.m. (Columbia, 1958)
 Old Folks (All Life, 1980)
 The Ellingtonian (EMI, 2002)

With Ted Curson
 The New Thing & the Blue Thing (Atlantic, 1965)
 Pop Wine (Futura, 1971)
 Cattin' Curson (Marge, 1975)

With Manu Dibango
 Dangwa & Oboso (Atlantic, 1972)
 O Boso (Fiesta, 1972)
 The Original Soul Makossa (Atlantic, 1972)
 Weya & Moni (Atlantic, 1973)

With Maxime Le Forestier
 Mon Frere (Hispavox, 1972)
 Maxime Le Forestier (Polydor, 1973)
 Enregistrement Public (Polydor, 1974)

With others
 Pepper Adams, Live in Europe (Impro 1977)
 Graeme Allwright, Jeanne D'Arc (Mercury, 1972)
 Antoine, Madame Laure Messenger, Claude, Jeremie, et L'Existence De Dieu (Vogue, 1967)
 Jimmy Archey, Jimmy Archey et L'Orchestre Michel Attenoux (Barclay, 1955)
 Svend Asmussen, Embraceable (Storyville, 2015)
 Michel Attenoux, Michel Attenoux et Son Orchestre (Barclay, 1955)
 Michel Attenoux, Hommage a Sidney Bechet (Panorama, 1959)
 Marcel Azzola & Dany Doriz, Jazzola (Black and Blue, 1999)
 Elek Bacsik & Stephane Grappelli Europa Jazz (1982)
 Chet Baker, Live in Paris 1960-63 (France's Concert, 1988)
 Mickey Baker, Bossa Nova en Direct du Bresil (Versailles, 1962)
 Mickey Baker, Mickey Baker Plays Mickey Baker (Versailles, 1962)
 Francois Beranger, Francois Beranger (L'Escargot, 1974)
 Don Byas, Amoureusement Votre (Universal/EmArcy 2007)
 Bill Coleman, Together at Last (Pathe, 1969)
 Buck Clayton, Et Sa Trompette (Vogue, 1966)
 Sonny Criss, Mr. Blues Pour Flirter (Brunswick, 1963)
 Sonny Criss, Live in Italy (Fresh Sound, 2003)
 Nicole Croisille, Femme (Deram, 1975)
 Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Eddie Davis Live at Massy 1975 (Spotlight, 1977)
 Nathan Davis, Live in Paris The ORTF Recordings 1966 & 67 (Sam, 2018)
 Jimmy Dawkins, Jimmy Dawkins (Vogue, 1972)
 Eric Demarsan, Le Cercle Rouge (Decca, 2000)
 Dany Doriz, This One's for Basie (Black and Blue, 1994)
 Les Double Six, Les Double Six (Columbia, 1961)
 Les Double Six, Les Double Six (Columbia, 1962)
 Leo Ferre, C'est Extra (Barclay, 1969)
 Leo Ferre, Leo Ferre Chante L'ete 68 (Barclay, 1969)
 Brigitte Fontaine, Brigitte Fontaine (Saravah, 1975)
 Bud Freeman, Satin Doll (All Life, 1980)
 Dexter Gordon, Parisian Concert (Futura, 1973)
 Pierre Gossez, Come Bach (Fontana, 1964)
 Claude Guilhot, Belbology (Vega 1969)
 Claude Guilhot, Traficos (Owl, 1975)
 Raymond Guiot, Joue Domenico Scarlatti (Decca, 1970)
 Rufus Harley, From Philadelphia to Paris (Carrere, 1988)
 Coleman Hawkins, Disorder at the Border (Milan, 1989)
 Andre Hodeir & Henri Crolla, Marie Laforet Saint-Tropez Blues (Fontana, 1960)
 Barney Kessel, What's New... Barney Kessel? (Mercury, 1969)
 Guy Lafitte, Jambo! (RCA, Victor 1968)
 Yusef Lateef, Psychicemotus (Impulse!, 1965)
 Bernard Lavilliers, Bernard Lavilliers (Motors, 1977)
 Colette Magny, Melocoton (CBS, 1963)
 Anita O'Day, Anita O'Day in Berlin (MPS/BASF 1971)
 Pony Poindexter & Rene Thomas, Blue Note Paris 1964 (Royal Jazz, 1990)
 Babik Reinhardt, Joue Sidney Bechet (Vogue, 1968)
 Henri Renaud, Blue Cylinder (Psi, 1970)
 Brother John Sellers, Blues and Spirituals (Columbia, 1957)
 Gilles Servat, La Liberte Brille Dans La Nuit (Kalondour, 1975)
 Stuff Smith, Live in Paris 1965 (France's Concert, 1988)
 Toots Thielemans, Blues Pour Flirter (EmArcy/Universal, 1961)
 T-Bone Walker, I Want a Little Girl (Black and Blue, 1973)
 Ben Webster, Autumn Leaves (Futura, 1972)
 Bob Wilber & Dany Doriz, Memories of You (Black and Blue, 1996)
 John Williams, Negro Spirituals (Polydor, 1964)
 Chris Woods, Chris Meets Paris Meets Chris (Futura, 1973)
 Frank Wright, Shouting the Blues (Sun, 1977)
 Frank Wright, Kevin My Dear Son (Sun, 1979)

References

External links
 Album Live Again at www.sefronia.com

1931 births
2005 deaths
Musicians from Marseille
French people of Greek descent
French jazz pianists
20th-century French male pianists
Jazz organists
20th-century organists
French male jazz musicians
Black & Blue Records artists


A  is a scrubbing brush for wet cleaning, of a style that is popular in Japan. Traditionally, tawashis were made from the hemp palm. In Japan, sponges used for rubbing and washing are now treated as forms of tawashi.
A  is made of metal; steel, stainless steel, and brass are frequent choices. They may be used in removing scorching and rust.

Types
Several synthetic polymers are frequently seen:
 A polyurethane sponge is sometimes called .
 Nylon sponges, sometimes called , are suitable for washing tough stains, but should not be used on delicate items.
 An  is made of acrylic, typically knitted or crocheted.
A luffa sponge, or , is used as a body scrub.
In recent times, some tawashis are crocheted from cotton yarn, producing the , which is scratch-free, and used for dishes and small cleaning jobs. (The prefix eco- (エコ) indicates that it creates less pollution because it can be used without soap or detergents.)

See also
 Sponge (tool)

References

Cleaning tools
Cleaning products


The Drug Years is a 2006 television documentary series produced by the Sundance Channel and VH1 about illicit drug use in the United States in the second half of the 20th century.

It is divided into four episodes, based on chronology:
"Break On Through" (1950s–1967) This is about the sudden appearance of recreational drugs being used by beatniks and jazz musicians.
"Feed Your Head" (1967–1971) This shows the beginning and the demise of the hippie movement in America, especially in San Francisco.
"Teenage Wasteland" (1970s) This chronicles the years after the hippie movement. The explosion of cocaine and disco are explored.
"Just Say No!" (1980s–Present) This is about the crack epidemic and the War on Drugs. It also shows the popularity of rehabilitation clinics in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as the prevalence of ecstasy in the rave culture.

References
The Drug Years on VH1.com
Information on The Drug Years on the official website of Ray Manzarek

External links

2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings


Roubion (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Roquette-sur-Var (, literally La Roquette on Var; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. It is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The United States Department of Defense acknowledges holding approximately a dozen Bosnian citizens detained at Guantanamo Bay.

A total of 778 detainees have been held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba since the camps opened on January 11, 2002. The camp population peaked in 2004 to approximately 660. Only 19 new detainees, all "high value detainees" have been transferred there since the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Rasul v. Bush.

Bosnian detainees in Guantanamo

See also
Algerian Six

References

External links

Lists of Guantanamo Bay detainees by nationality
Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations


are a Japanese rock trio formed in 2005 by Luna Sea members Ryuichi Kawamura (vocals) and Inoran (guitar), and D-Loop member Hiroaki "H. Hayama" Hayama (keyboards). They reached number three on the Oricon Singles Chart with "Break the Chain", the opening theme of the TV series Kamen Rider Kiva. The group ended activities in 2008 shortly after its release. Tourbillon reunited in 2015, and again in 2023.

History
Although their band Luna Sea had disbanded in 2000, vocalist Ryuichi Kawamura and guitarist Inoran kept in touch and talked about doing something together again someday. In 2003, supported by D-Loop keyboardist Hiroaki "H. Hayama" Hayama, the two performed covers together at a 20th anniversary concert for Aion at Shibuya La Mama. The three musicians announced the formation of Tourbillon in May 2005. The announcement included the date of their first official concert to be held at the Nippon Budokan on July 2, 2005. The 10,000 tickets sold-out immediately. For the show, they were supported by Masami Tsuchiya on guitar, Tokie (Rize) on bass, Masayuki Muraishi on drums, and Yukarie (The Thrill) on saxophone. Tourbillon's first single, "Heaven", was released on September 7. It was followed by the release of "Your Place" on October 5, 2005. Third single "Mouichido Kimi ni" was released on November 2 and used as the theme to the anime film Black Jack: The Two Doctors of Darkness. Their first album Heaven followed on November 30, and was supported by their first tour of 12 performances throughout December. "Ageha/Selfish", the band's first double A-side single, was released on August 2, 2006. Tourbillon's second album, A Tide of New Era, was released on November 8. Their fifth single "Break the Chain" was released on March 26, 2008 and used as the opening theme song of the TV series Kamen Rider Kiva.

Tourbillon reunited for a 10th anniversary concert at the Tokyo International Forum on November 27, 2015, and a three-date tour at different Zepp venues throughout December. The compilation album The Decade - 10th Anniversary Best was previously released on November 25, and includes three new songs. One of these new songs, "Colorless Images", was released as a single on February 24, 2016, and used as the theme song of Kamen Rider: Battride War Genesis. The band's third studio album, Life is Beautiful, followed on October 12 and was supported by a four-date Zepp tour that month. Tsuchiya, Tokie and Yukarie returned as support musicians for the tour, with Takashi Numazawa (Theatre Brook) on drums.

After seven years, Ryuichi, Inoran and Hayama resurrected Tourbillon again in 2023 to celebrate their 20th anniversary. They held two concerts titled 20 Years Since Time Began on August 5 and 25 at Zepp Haneda, and released the new song "I'm Going to Love" digitally on August 26.

Discography

Albums
 Heaven (November 30, 2005), Oricon Albums Chart Peak Position: #13
 A Tide of New Era (November 8, 2006) #15
 The Decade - 10th Anniversary Best (November 25, 2015, compilation album) #39
 Life is Beautiful (October 12, 2016) #25

Singles
 "Heaven" (September 7, 2005), Oricon Singles Chart Peak Position: #12
 "Your Place" (October 5, 2005) #13
  #15
Theme song of the anime film Black Jack: The Two Doctors of Darkness.
  #21
 "Break the Chain" (March 26, 2008) #3
The theme song for the TV series Kamen Rider Kiva.
 "Colorless Images" (February 24, 2016) #61
The theme song for the video game Kamen Rider: Battride War Genesis.

DVDs
 Frame of Heaven (March 23, 2006), Oricon DVDs Chart Peak Position: #45
 10th Anniversary Tour 2015 in Zepp Tokyo (March 23, 2016) #132

References

External links
 Official site

Avex Group artists
Japanese rock music groups
Japanese musical trios
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups reestablished in 2015
Japanese supergroups


Tourrette-Levens (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

Tourism
Tourrette-Levens is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet and Utelle.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Martin-du-Var (, literally Saint-Martin of the Var; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Jeannet is the name of 2 communes in France:

 Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Alpes-Maritimes department


Saint-Jeannet (; ) is a hilly commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the southeastern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. Located just northeast of Vence, it is part of the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur.

In the 10th century, Saint-Jeannet became part of the County of Provence, under the leadership of William I. In 2020, it had a population of 4,317.

Demographics

Tourism
Saint-Jeannet is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Blaise (; ; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département in southeastern France.

Population

Tourism
Saint-Blaise is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Soroche (sometimes spelled sorojchi) can refer to:

Altitude sickness
the Cerro Soroche, a mountain in Ecuador
Soroche pills, an Andean mountain sickness medication
Soroche (plant), a species of South American flowering plant


La Gaude (; ) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

History
To the south of the village, a restored Roman stele is close to the Aurelian Way, the Roman road that passed near the present cultural centre.

After the Saracen attacks in the ninth century, the inhabitants of the nearby and higher village of Saint-Jeannet descended to the more fertile and less rugged La Gaude area. "La Gauda" is mentioned in 1075. Soon the village was burned for having converted to the Cathar heresy. When the frontier became the nearby River Var, the village was again destroyed.

The village was affected by the plague in the fifteenth century and abandoned until the late sixteenth century. La Gaude became an independent community in 1599, separating from Saint Jeannet. Looting took place in 1704 and for five days in 1707. In the twentieth century, La Gaude was transformed by the arrival of piped water.

The Provençal writer, Marcel Pagnol, was captivated by the village, writing, "I will be back in a fortnight and will rush to your place to admire your barbaric flowers and drink your civilised wine." (« Je reviendrai dans une quinzaine et je m’élancerai chez vous pour admirer vos fleurs barbares et boire votre vin civilisé. ») He bought a property in the village, the domaine de l'Étoile.

The IBM La Gaude research centre (the Centre d'études et de recherches IBM) was established in 1962 in the countryside near La Gaude village. The buildings (architect Marcel Breuer) were listed as historical monument in September 2020.

Population

Tourism
 Perched Villages: La Gaude is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Carros, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.
 Eco-musée Vivant de Provence: Founded by the Danish entomologist and filmmaker Ib Schmedes, the Living Ecomuseum of Provence opened in the 1980s in the Sainte-Appolonie district.
 Chapelle Saint-Ange: Construction of the chapel, dedicated to Saint-Bernardin, was begun in 1844, left until 1873 and completed in 1875. Its last religious service took place in 1913 and it soon fell into ruin until repaired in 1927. From 1949 to 1960 it was used as a cinema. The chapel was restored between 1996 and 2003 by the painter-sculptor Alexis Obolensky and the master glassblower Alain Peinado.

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Alpes-Maritimes