Salt + Light Television is a Canadian multi-lingual Category B television channel owned by the not-for-profit Salt and Light Catholic Media Foundation and based in Toronto, Ontario. The channel broadcasts faith-based programming for Roman Catholics, which includes televised daily Mass, documentaries, live event coverage and talk shows. Programs are primarily broadcast in English, along with French (under the brand ), Italian and Chinese languages.

The name of the station derives itself from the theme of World Youth Day 2002, "You are the salt of the earth... you are the light of the world,"  part of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:13-14). The National Director of WYD 2002, Fr. Thomas Rosica, was the chief executive officer of Salt and Light Catholic Media Foundation. Fr. Alan J. Fogarty, S.J., has been appointed chief executive officer effective August 1, 2020.

History

In November 2001, Paolo Canciani (later forming Canbo Broadcasting to operate the future channel) was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch Inner Peace Television Network, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 specialty television service devoted to providing religious programming from the single point-of-view of the Roman Catholic faith. The service will target Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Filipino, English, and French-speaking audiences. In addition to religious programming, the service will offer a limited amount of programming dealing with social and humanitarian issues."

Prior to the channel's launch, in 2002, ownership and control of the channel was transferred to a consortium, majority owned by St. Joseph Printing Limited.

The channel launched in July 2003 as Salt + Light Television and was quickly spun-off as a non-profit company under the ownership of Salt and Light Catholic Media Foundation, a newly formed charitable organization ran by a board of directors, two of which were from the Gagliano family, who in turn controlled St. Joseph Printing Limited. Upon launch, the channel initially aired programming in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese; which has since changed to its current language list. In addition to television, Salt + Light publishes a magazine.

On June 1, 2017, the channel announced that it would be launching a high definition (HD) feed on June 4, 2017, initially with Telus Optik TV. Gabriel Chow, the developer of the GCatholic.org, is a contributor (primarily Chinese language) to the channel.

See also
2003 in Canadian television
Salt and light metaphor
CatholicTV
Padre Pio TV
Eternal Word Television Network
H2onews
Catholic television
Catholic television channels
Catholic television networks
List of Canadian television channels
Television in Canada

References

External links

Télévision Sel + Lumière

English-language television stations in Canada
Catholic television channels
Religious television networks in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2003
Digital cable television networks in Canada


John Mazza (born February 23, 1964) is a left-handed ten-pin bowler and former touring player for the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA).  Mazza won eight titles on the PBA Tour and collected over $850,000 in earnings.  He also won 11 PBA Regional Tour titles.

Professional career
Mazza became a PBA member in 1982, joining the full-time PBA Tour in the late 1980s. He finally hit his stride in 1991.  That season, he won his first three PBA titles and the Harry Smith PBA Points Leader award, while cashing nearly $150,000 in earnings. He won multiple titles again in the 1994 season.

Mazza is most notable, however, for being the second player (and first left-hander) to convert the nearly-impossible 7–10 split on national television. Mark Roth was the first to make this split on TV (in 1980), and Jess Stayrook accomplished the feat shortly after Mazza during the same season (1991). The split would not be converted again on a PBA telecast until 2021, by Anthony Neuer.

PBA Tour titles
 1991 Florida Open (Winter Haven, FL)
 1991 Fresno Open (Fresno, CA)
 1991 Celebrity Denver Open (Denver, CO)
 1993 True Value Open (Peoria, IL)
 1994 Hilton Hotels Classic (Reno, NV)
 1994 AMF Dick Weber Classic (Richmond, VA)
 1997 Brentwood Classic (Brentwood, CA)
 1998 Ebonite Challenge 3 (Indianapolis, IN)

Personal
In some ABC-TV Professional Bowlers Tour broadcasts during the early- to mid-1990s, Mazza served as a lane-level reporter.

After developing his bowling skills and turning pro while living in Bay City, Michigan, Mazza relocated to Shelby Township, Michigan.

References

External links
YouTube Video of John Mazza's 7-10 split conversion

American ten-pin bowling players
1964 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bay City, Michigan


La Cluse-et-Mijoux () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Fort de Joux
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Colombier-Fontaine () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Les Combes () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Consolation-Maisonnettes () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Corcelle-Mieslot () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Corcelles-Ferrières () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Corcondray () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Côtebrune () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Courcelles () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Wensley railway station is a disused railway station on the Wensleydale Railway, in North Yorkshire, England.

It was opened by the North Eastern Railway on 1 February 1877, and served the village of Wensley.

The station was host to camping coach from 1936 to 1939 and may have had a coach visiting in 1934 and 1935.

The station closed on 26 April 1954. The station buildings and platforms survive as a private residence. The railway through the station was reopened as the Wensleydale Railway.

References

External links

 Wensley station on navigable 1947 O. S. map
 Video footage of Wensley Railway Station

Disused railway stations in North Yorkshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1877
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
Wensleydale


Courcelles-lès-Montbéliard (, literally Courcelles near Montbéliard) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Courchapon () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Cour-Saint-Maurice () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


WNFK (92.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Perry, Florida, United States, the station serves the Tallahassee area.  The station is currently owned by Fred Dockins, through licensee Dockins Communications, Inc.

History
The station went on the air as WPCI on August 14, 1985.  On June 16, 1986, the station changed its call sign to the current WNFK.

Previous logo

References

External links

NFK
Radio stations established in 1991
1991 establishments in Florida


Courtefontaine () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Courtetain-et-Salans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Courvières () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Crosey-le-Grand () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Crosey-le-Petit () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Le Crouzet () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Crouzet-Migette () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Cubrial () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Cubry () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Henry Smith (March 14, 1829  in Cobleskill, Schoharie County, New York – December 1, 1884) was an American lawyer and politician.

Life
He was the son of Thomas Smith, a lawyer.

In 1865, he was elected District Attorney of Albany County, and in 1868 he led the prosecution of George W. Cole (brother of Cornelius Cole) at his trial for the murder of former state assemblyman L. Harris Hiscock.

In the Summer of 1869, he was illegally arrested with other Albany and Susquehanna Railroad executive members during Jay Gould and Jim Fisk's attempt to buy the railroad.

He was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly (Albany Co., 2nd D.) in 1867 and 1872; and was Speaker in 1872. During his Speakership, he received a large retainer for legal services rendered to the Erie Railroad at a time when Erie Railroad bills were under debate, which led to accusations that he was bribed to support the bills. The next year a State Senate Investigating Committee probed into this matter.

In 1883, he pronounced his opinion that a "People's Party" should be formed by both Democratic and Republican politicians to oppose "corporate interests" and politicians like John Kelly and  John F. Smyth.

Smith died in Albany on December 1, 1884.  He was buried at Cobleskill Rural Cemetery in Cobleskill.

References

  His view on the forming of a new party, in NYT on September 1, 1883
 Political Graveyard
 Mention in NYT on January 7, 1906
 Assemblymen elected for the Session of 1872, in NYT on December 1, 1871
 Controversy about his legal services to Erie Railroad, in NYT on October 15, 1872
 Proceedings of the State Senate's Erie Railroad Investigation in NYT on March 20, 1873
Google Books Murder on Trial 1620-2002 by Robert Asher, Lawrence B. Goodheart & Alan Rogers (SUNY Press, 2005, )
 Obit notice in NYT on December 2, 1884
 Life Sketches of the State Officers, Senators and Members of Assembly in 1867

See also
William M. Tweed

1829 births
1884 deaths
Members of the New York State Assembly
Speakers of the New York State Assembly
Albany County District Attorneys
People from Cobleskill, New York
Politicians from Albany, New York
19th-century American politicians
Lawyers from Albany, New York
19th-century American lawyers


Cusance () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It is the birthplace of the physicist Claude Pouillet (1791-1868).

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Cuse-et-Adrisans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Cussey-sur-Lison () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in the cultural and historical region of Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2022 it merged with the former commune of Châtillon-sur-Lison to form the new commune of Cussey-sur-Lison.

The commune of Cussey-sur-Lison is composed of one village and three other settlements :

 The village of Cussey-sur-Lison
 Les Granges de Châtillon-sur-Lison
 Le Château de Châtillon-sur-Lison
 Les Forges de Châtillon-sur-Lison

Geography
Cussey-sur-Lison is located 30 km (18 mi) south of Besançon, 23 km (14 mi) west of Ornans, 17 km (10 mi) north of Salins-les-Bains and 15 km (9 mi) east of Quingey.

The little village of Cussey sits on the left bank of the river Lison.  It is surrounded by wooden hills whose cliffs stand up to 150 meters (500 ft) above the village valley.  This typical landscape of the Jura Mountains is called a "reculée".

The creek Goulue flows through the village where five bridges cross it.  An ancient mill "le Moulin du Dessus" (former oil mill and sawmill) is located down the creek before it empties into the river Lison.

The lower part of the commune lies in the Lison river Valley, where a bridge from 1793 crosses it to reach the village of Lizine.  A dam and a mill "le Moulin du Bas" (former nail factory and then electric power station) were built by the river.

Toponymy
The name of the village would come from a Celtic root *cus meaning "rock" or from a pre-Celtic hydronymic root *cus-/cos-.

History
Traces of occupation dating back from the Roman era were found at the end of the 19th century, and recently many items from the Celtic times.

During the Middle Ages, the village was a fief of the Seigneurie de Montfort and close to the Seigneurie of Châtillon.  The Church of Saint Christopher would have been founded between the 5th and the 10th century, built in Romanesque style with a single nave.  Thus the base of the bell tower can be dated from the 12th century and the upper part from the 14th century due to some Gothic decorative elements.

From the Middle Ages to the Late modern period, the Cussey parish extended to the neighboring villages of Echay, Bartherans and the Castle and Les Granges ("the Barns") of Châtillon.

In 1544, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spains Charles V authorized the Seigneur de Montfort, knight of honor of the Dole Parlement, to build a bridge on the river Lison instead of a ferry.

In the Early modern period, the village suffered from various disasters : plunder by Swedish soldiers during the Ten Years' War (local name for the Thirty Years' War), the French conquest by Louis XIV and also plague and famine during the 17th century.  The population dwindled from 44 households in 1614 to 12 households in 1688.

in 1839, an 18 meter (60 feet) high zinc spire was built on the bell tower of the Church.  It was torn down in 1966.

Population

Gallery

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Seyfarth Shaw LLP ( ) is an international AmLaw 100 law firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in Chicago in 1945 by Henry Seyfarth, Lee Shaw, and Owen Fairweather, Seyfarth Shaw originally focused on  the area of labor and employment law. Today, the firm’s clients include over 300 of the Fortune 500 companies, and its practice reflects virtually every industry and segment of the economy.

Seyfarth Shaw has been recognized as one of the most innovative law firms in the nation for its implementation of "Seyfarth Lean," a unique client service model that combines the principles of Lean Six Sigma with robust technology, knowledge management, process management techniques, alternative fee structures, and practical tools. Seyfarth has been consistently ranked as one of the most recommended law firms in BTI Consulting Group's Annual Survey of General Counsel.  Seyfarth was also named among the top five law firms in BTI Consulting Group's 2015 "Client Service A-Team" ranking, which identifies the top law firms for client service through a national survey of corporate counsel.

Rankings
The American Lawyer ranks Seyfarth 60th in its annual AmLaw 100 ranking of the largest U.S. law firms by revenue. The  National Law Journals "NLJ 250" list ranks Seyfarth 50th among the largest law firms in the United States. Top Legal 500, U.S. News & World Report, and Chambers  rank Seyfarth as one of the best law firms in the United States in numerous practice areas.

History
Seyfarth Shaw was founded in Chicago in 1945 by attorneys Henry Edward Seyfarth, Lee Charles Shaw, and Owen Fairweather. Seyfarth graduated from the University of Illinois in 1928 and two years later received his J.D. degree from the University of Chicago Law School. Lee Shaw enrolled at the University of Michigan, where he played football as an offensive and defensive lineman alongside future President Gerald Ford. He completed his undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago in 1936 and two years later earned his J.D. degree at the university's law school. The third founding partner, Owen Fairweather, earned his undergraduate degree from Dartmouth College and then graduated cum laude from the University of Chicago Law School in 1938.

After World War II ended in August 1945, Shaw and Fairweather returned to Chicago from their stint with the National War Labor Board and together with their senior colleague, Seyfarth, set up a boutique law firm specializing in labor law. In 1947, Lee Shaw helped draft the Taft-Hartley Act.
Also in July 1947 the firm filed the first strike damage suit in U.S. District Court in Chicago against the United Steelworkers of America. In the 1960s Seyfarth represented the Las Vegas casinos during their labor negotiations. The firm would plant the firm's flag further westward in the early 1970s, taking on Cesar Chavez and his United Farm Workers on behalf of growers. In the late 1970s, Seyfarth became very successful in its work to break the walkout of United Steelworkers at Newport News Shipbuilding and the pressmen's strike at the Washington Post. As a result, the firm garnered the antipathy of organized labor. Seyfarth also maintained something of a notorious image in the 1980s, fanned by its work in 1984 with Yale University and the attempt to break a new clerical union.
In 2002, Seyfarth Shaw joined Ius Laboris, an international alliance of labor lawyers. The firm left the alliance in 2008.

References

Law firms based in Chicago
Law firms established in 1945
1945 establishments in Illinois


Cussey-sur-l'Ognon (, literally Cussey on the Ognon) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Ognon river
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


WAKU (94.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Crawfordville, Florida, USA, the station serves the Tallahassee area.  The station is currently owned by Altrua Investments International Corp. and features programming from Salem Communications.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1975
1975 establishments in Florida
AKU


(The) Flight of the Phoenix may refer to:
The Flight of the Phoenix, a 1964 novel by Elleston Trevor
 The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film), an adaptation starring James Stewart
 Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film), a later adaptation
 "Flight of the Phoenix" (Arrested Development), an episode of Arrested Development
 "Flight of the Phoenix" (Battlestar Galactica), an episode of Battlestar Galactica
 "Flight of the Phoenix", a song by Grand Funk Railroad from Phoenix
 Flight of the Phoenix, a novel by Dave Wolverton
 The Flight of the Phoenix, a novel in the Death Merchant series by Joseph Rosenberger
 Flight of the Phoenix, a nickname of a B-50 Superfortress


WVFT (93.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a talk radio format. Licensed to Gretna, Florida, United States, it serves the Tallahassee area. The station is currently owned by Magic Broadcasting.  Studios are located near the interchange of Monroe Street and I-10 in Tallahassee, and its transmitter is in Midway, Florida.

On April 16, 2012 the then-WGWD changed its format to talk, and is now branded as "Real Talk 93.3". On December 10, 2012 the station changed its call sign to the current WVFT.

References

External links

VFT
Radio stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Florida


Marcelo Bastos Ferreria (born 26 September 1965) is a Brazilian sailor and Olympic champion. He received a gold medal in the Star Class at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta with Torben Grael. He received a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Ferreira is World champion from 1990 and 1997, and seven times Brazilian champion (1989, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003).

In 2005-06, he was a crewmember on Brasil 1 in the Volvo Ocean Race.

Notes

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Brazilian male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Brazil
Olympic gold medalists for Brazil
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in sailing
Sailors at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Star
Sailors at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Star
Sailors at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Star
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Star
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Star class world champions
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
World champions in sailing for Brazil
Sportspeople from Niterói


The Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines, Inc. (CFGPI) is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in the Philippines.

It is the national church body affiliated with the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, based in Los Angeles, California. It is one of the largest and fastest growing churches in the Philippines, doubling in size between 2008 and 2022.

History
The Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Philippines has its origins as a mission of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, which began in 1949.  The Church was officially founded in 1973.

Organization
Nationally, the CFGPI is run by a board of directors. It consists of a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, general supervisor, and five members.

Bible Colleges
Foursquare Bible College – Quezon City
Foursquare Bible College, Romblon Campus Inc. – Odiongan, Romblon
Laoag Foursquare Bible College – Laoag City
NorPhil Foursquare Bible College – Baguio City
Pangasinan Foursquare Bible College – Dagupan City
Cebu Foursquare Bible College – Cebu City
Iloilo Foursquare Bible College – Iloilo City
Halls of Life Foursquare Bible College - Davao City

See also
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel

References

External links
Official website
Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches

Christian organizations established in 1973
Christian denominations in the Philippines
The Foursquare Church
Pentecostal denominations in Asia
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
1973 establishments in the Philippines
Evangelical denominations in Asia
Evangelicalism in the Philippines


WTUF (106.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Classic Country format. Licensed to Boston, Georgia, United States, the station serves the Tallahassee area.  The station is currently owned by Boston Radio Company, Inc. and features programming from Jones Radio Network and AP Radio.

History
The station went on the air as WTXR on 1988-03-24.  On 1988-05-20, the station changed its call sign to the current WTUF.

References

External links

TUF
Radio stations established in 1988


The Myles Building is a historic U.S. building located at 911-919 East New Haven Avenue, Melbourne, Florida.  This two story building was constructed in 1913 and included a restaurant and billiard parlor on the first floor and the Midway Hotel on the second.  Soon after completion, the Melbourne Times newspaper relocated to the Myles Building.  Part of the building was also used as a temporary classroom when the local schools ran out of space.  After prohibition ended, Shorty's Bar opened at the billiard parlor and according to legend, gangster Al Capone played pool there.

Gallery

Notes

Commercial buildings completed in 1913
Buildings and structures in Melbourne, Florida
Commercial buildings in Florida
1913 establishments in Florida


WFSD-LP (107.9 FM) is a low-power FM radio station broadcasting a Christian inspirational format. Licensed to Tallahassee, Florida, United States, the station is currently owned by Tallahassee First Seventh-day Adventist Church, affiliated with LifeTalk Radio.

References

External links
 Tallahassee First SDA Church website

Seventh-day Adventist media
FSD-LP
FSD-LP
Radio stations established in 2006
2006 establishments in Florida
FSD-LP


WSTT (730 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Gospel music format. Licensed to Thomasville, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Southern Gulf Broadcasting.

History
This station first went on the air in December 1947 as WKTG, owned by Eunice M. Martin ("Thomas County Broadcasting") and broadcasting from the Bank of Thomas County Building in Thomasville. After transfers to John H. Phipps in 1955 and James S. Rivers in 1959, original owner Martin re-purchased WKTG in 1960. In December 1963, Martin sold out again, this time to Triple C Broadcasting (owned by Mrs. Lem Clarke, Dink Collins and Jay Clarke). In 1972, the station was bought by Norris Mills and Chester Bellamy, who changed the call letters to WLOR ("Wonderful Land of Roses"), broadcasting a block format of easy listening, gospel, country and pop music. By 1978, the station was owned by Marion R. Williams, had changed formats to country and gospel, and was known as WSTT.

MTV contest
In 1990, MTV obtained a "revocable option" to purchase WSTT, with the idea to offer it as a prize in a contest. (Ervin Duggan, a member of the Federal Communications Commission, called the idea "repugnant" at the time, but didn't say whether the FCC would approve such a transfer.) In November of that year, Chris McCarron, General Manager and DJ at Cerritos College station KCEB (now WPMD), was selected at random from about 250,000 people who took part in the giveaway. McCarron won $10,000 in cash along with the station; she was also given the option to either keep WSTT or trade it for an undisclosed cash sum. She visited the station on Saturday, November 10, 1990, when rocker Billy Idol was an on-air guest.

The station changed its call letters to WSNI on February 15, 1991, but this lasted barely two months, as it switched back to WSTT on April 22. It is speculated that McCarron took the cash option and/or sold the station back to MTV, and then moved on with her life. The station's license was again assigned to Marion R. Williams (still WSTT's current owner as of 2021) at that time.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1947
Gospel radio stations in the United States
1947 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
STT


WHGH (AM 840) is a radio station broadcasting an Urban Contemporary format., and licensed for Thomasville, Georgia, United States, in the Tallahassee, Florida area.  The station is owned by Moses L. Gross, a black Thomas County Commissioner, through his HGH Investments Corporation.

The station's license was cancelled and its callsign deleted from the Federal Communications Commission's database on April 6, 2012, for failure to renew.  The licensee submitted a petition for waiver and reinstatement, claiming that "the loss of WHGH was represents a severe blow to the people it serves" and "The Commission should not let a rigid adherence to its rules result in the loss of yet another minority-owned voice in our Nation's media landscape."  The FCC granted a waiver in June 2013, restoring the callsign and accepting a late renewal application, and granting special temporary authority to resume operations pending renewal.

References

External links

HGH
Radio stations established in 1980
Thomas County, Georgia
HGH


WSBX (1020 AM) is a defunct American radio station. It was licensed to the suburb of Ochlocknee, Georgia and served the Thomasville, Georgia and Tallahassee, Florida areas. It first began broadcasting in 1983 under the call sign WJEP. The station licensee was Doreen A. Blood.

History
WSBX began broadcasting as WJEP in 1983 with a Christian format until Georgia Triangle Broadcasting purchased the station from Lifeline Ministries in 2008. The call sign was changed to WSBX on November 4, 2008, and on December 8, 2008, it changed formats to Hot Talk. Two months later, on February 7, 2009, the format was changed to Active Rock. Again only two months later, on April 7, the format was changed to Rock en Español, then to Spanish talk "Radio El Chongo", before being changed again to modern rock.

As of February 25, 2012, the station was identified by the FCC as licensed but silent, meaning that it was not broadcasting. WSBX was reported by its owners as being for sale. On November 22, 2013, the FCC cancelled the station's license due to it having been silent for more than twelve months.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWSBX (Facility ID: 37449)

SBX
Modern rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1983
1983 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations disestablished in 2013
2013 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
SBX
SBX


British Korean or Korean British may refer to:
Koreans in the United Kingdom
British people in North Korea
British people in South Korea
North Korea–United Kingdom relations
South Korea–United Kingdom relations


Afghan cameleers in Australia, also known as "Afghans" () or "Ghans" (), were camel drivers who worked in Outback Australia from the 1860s to the 1930s. Small groups of cameleers were shipped in and out of Australia at three-year intervals, to service the Australian inland pastoral industry by carting goods and transporting wool bales by camel trains. They were commonly referred to as "Afghans", even though the majority of them originated from the far western parts of British India, primarily the NWFP and Balochistan (now Pakistan), which was inhabited by ethnic Pashtuns and Balochs. Nonetheless, many were from Afghanistan itself as well. In addition, there were also some with origins in Egypt and Turkey. The majority of cameleers, including cameleers from British India, were Muslim, while a sizeable minority were Sikhs from the Punjab region. They set up camel-breeding stations and rest-house outposts, known as caravanserai, throughout inland Australia, creating a permanent link between the coastal cities and the remote cattle and sheep grazing stations until about the 1930s, when they were largely replaced by the automobile. They included members of the Pashtun, Baloch, and Sindhi ethnic groups from south-central Asia (present-day Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan); others from the Punjabi, Kashmir, and Rajasthan regions of the Indian subcontinent; as well as people from Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. They provided vital support to exploration, communications and settlement in the arid interior of the country where the climate was too harsh for horses. They also played a major role in establishing Islam in Australia, building the country's first mosque at Marree in South Australia in 1861, the Central Adelaide Mosque (the first permanent mosque in Adelaide, still in use today), and several mosques in Western Australia.

Many of the cameleers and their families later returned to their homelands, but many remained and turned to other trades and ways of making a living. Today, many people can trace their ancestry back to the early cameleers, many of whom intermarried with local Aboriginal women and European women in outback Australia.

History

Beginnings
The various colonies of Australia being under the dominion of the British Empire, the early settlers used people from British territories, particularly Asia, as navigators. In 1838, Joseph Bruce and John Gleeson brought out 18 of the first "Afghans", who arrived in the colony of South Australia in 1838. The first camel, which became known as "Harry", arrived at Port Adelaide in 1840 and was used in an 1846 expedition by John Horrocks. It proved its worth as a pack animal, but unfortunately caused Horrocks' death by accidental shooting so was later put down.

Camels had been used successfully in desert exploration in other parts of the world, but by 1859, only seven camels had been imported into Australia. In 1858 George James Landells, who was known for exporting horses to India, was commissioned by the Victorian Exploration Committee to buy camels and recruit camel drivers. Eight (or three) cameleers arrived in Melbourne from Karachi on the ship Chinsurah on 9 June 1860 with a shipment of 24 camels for the Burke and Wills expedition. In 1866 Samuel Stuckey went to Karachi, and imported more than 100 camels as well as 31 men. In the 1860s, about 3,000 camel drivers came to Australia from Afghanistan and the Indian sub-continent, along with more camels.

Although the cameleers came from different ethnic groups and a range of regions - mostly Baluchistan, Kashmir, Sind and Punjab (parts of present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, north-western India and eastern Iran), with a few from Egypt and Turkey, they were known collectively as Afghans, later shortened to "Ghans". Ethnic groups included Pashtun, Punjabi, Baloch (or Baluch) and Sindhis (from the region between the southern Hindu Kush in Afghanistan and the Indus River in what is now Pakistan) as well as others (fewer in number) from Kashmir, Rajasthan, Egypt, Persia and Turkey. Most practised Islam, and many blended this with their local customs, in particular the Pashtun code of honour.

Use of camels
Before the building of railways and the widespread adoption of motor vehicles, camels were the primary means of transporting goods in the Outback, where the climate was too harsh for horses and other beasts of burden. From 1850 to 1900, the cameleers played an important part in opening up Central Australia, helping to build the Australian Overland Telegraph Line between Adelaide and Darwin and also the railways. The camels hauled the supplies and their handlers erected fences, acted as guides for several major expeditions, and supplied almost every inland mine or station with its goods and services.

The majority of cameleers arrived in Australia alone, leaving wives and families behind, to work on three-year contracts. Those who were not given living quarters on a station (such as on Thomas Elder's Beltana), generally lived away from white populations, at first in camps, and later in "Ghantowns" near existing settlements. A thriving Afghan community lived at Marree, South Australia (then also known as Hergott Springs) leading to the nicknames "Little Asia" or "Little Afghanistan". When rail reached Oodnadatta, the caravans travelled between there and Alice Springs (formerly known as Stuart). There were caravanserais for the camel caravans travelling from Queensland, New South Wales and Alice Springs. There was more acceptance by the local Aboriginal people, and some cameleers married local Aboriginal women and started families in Australia. However some married European women, and writer Ernestine Hill wrote of white women who had joined the Afghan community and converted to Islam, even making the pilgrimage to Mecca.

In 1873 Mahomet Saleh accompanied explorer Peter Warburton to Western Australia. Three Afghans helped William Christie Gosse to find a way from the Finke River to Perth. Two years later Saleh assisted Ernest Giles on an expedition, and J.W. Lewis used camels when surveying the country north-east of Lake Eyre in 1874 and 1875.

In the 1880s, camels were used by police in northern South Australia for the collection of statistics and census forms as well as other kinds of work, and the Marree police used camels on patrol until 1949. At Finke/Aputula, just over the border in the Northern Territory, the last camel police patrol was in 1953.

In the 1890s, camels were used extensively in the Western Australian Goldfields to transport food, water, machinery and other supplies. In 1898 there were 300 Muslims in Coolgardie.

During the Federation Drought, which devastated eastern Australia from 1895 to 1902, the camels and their drivers were indispensable. John Edwards wrote to the Attorney-General in 1902: "It is no exaggeration to say that if it had not been for the Afghan and his camels, Wilcannia, White Cliffs, Tibooburra, Milperinka and other towns...would have practically ceased to exist".

Success and discrimination
By the turn of the century, Muslim entrepreneurs dominated the camel business, including Fuzzly Ahmed (Port Augusta–Oodnadatta, then Broken Hill) and Faiz Mahomet (Marree and Coolgardie). Abdul Wade (also known as Wadi, Wabed, Wahid) was especially successful in New South Wales, and bought and set up the Wangamanna station as a camel breeding and carrying business. He married the widow Emily Ozadelle and they had seven children. Wade worked hard at fitting in and being seen as an equal to his Australian peers, dressing in the European style, educating his children at top private schools and becoming a naturalised citizen. However his attempts were ridiculed and at the end of the camel era, he sold up and returned to Afghanistan. By 1901, there were an estimated 2000–4000 cameleers in Australia. Many of them made regular trips home to deal with family matters.

While outback settlers, farmers and others who had dealings with the Afghans often vouched for them, finding that they held many values in common, prejudice arose and discriminatory legislation was introduced by colonial, state and federal governments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One example was a 1895 law which prevented Afghans from mining on the Western Australia goldfields, after tensions arose between the communities and Afghans were accused of polluting waterholes (although no evidence was ever found for this). In The Ballad of Abdul Wade (2022), author Ryan Butta tells of how Abdul Wade was attacked by people who saw him as a threat to their business interests, despite his contributions to the community, including offering hundreds of his camels to add to Australia's contribution to World War I in 1914. Cameleers saved Cunnamulla residents from "semi-starvation" after floods cut the town off from all other modes of transport in 1890. Yet in 1892, The Bulletin published an editorial saying "the imported Asiatic... is another cheap labour curse in a land where such curses are already much too plentiful".

Many cameleers were refused naturalisation and found themselves refused entry when they tried to return to Australia after visits home, based on the Immigration Restriction Act 1901. In 1903 a petition was raised about a number of discriminatory practices, but nothing came of it.

The last of the cameleers
Through the 1930s and 1940s, with no employment and sometimes a hostile community, many cameleers returned to their homelands, but others remained and developed trades and other means of making a living. In 1952, a small number of "ancient, turbaned men," supposedly as old as 117, were to be found at the Adelaide mosque.

It is recorded that the first person to make a deposit, his life savings of £29, in the newly-formed Savings Bank of South Australia on 11 March 1848 was "an Afghan shepherd", with his name recorded as "Croppo Sing".

Impact and legacy
From the mid 1800s through to the early 1900s, camels and cameleers were significant contributors to the wool industry, the mining industry, the construction of the Overland Telegraph and the rabbit-proof fence, and transporting water to wherever it was needed. However, even though the Afghans' help was greatly appreciated, they were also subject to discrimination because of their religion and appearance, and because of the competition they provided to European bullock (ox) and horse teamsters. Many of the European competitors were also cameleers, and in 1903 a European camel train owner in Wilcannia replaced all of his Afghan camel drivers with Europeans.

Author Ryan Butta has highlighted the fact that the cameleers were rendered invisible in some of the popular mythologies and histories of Australia, such as Banjo Paterson's work. Paterson spent time in Bourke at the time the cameleers were an active part of the community and business there, yet did not write about them.

The passenger train which travels between Adelaide and Darwin is known as "The Ghan" (formerly The Afghan Express) as a reference to the service the Afghans provided to the areas through which the train travels.

After their use was superseded by modern transport, many camels were shot by police, but some cameleers released their camels into the wild rather than allow them to be shot, and a large population of feral camels remains from this time.

Date palms, planted wherever the Afghans went, are another legacy of the cameleers. Another, understudied, legacy of the cameleers is the traces of Sufism introduced across Australia, evident in the remaining artefacts, particularly prayer beads, some books, and letters belonging to the cameleers.

Descendants
A fourth-generation descendant of a Baluch cameleer who settled in Geraldton, Western Australia, set up a sheep station and married an Aboriginal woman, is proud of her heritage on both sides. She says that it was difficult for her ancestor to acquire permanent residence and permission to marry, but the Afghans were honourable men who preferred to marry rather than rape local women.

Several descendants in Adelaide formed the Australian Outback Afghan Camelmen Descendants and Friends Memorial Committee, which organised a memorial in 2007. They included Janice Taverner (née Mahomet), Mona Wilson (née Akbar), Eric Sultan, Abdul Bejah (son of Jack Bejah and grandson of Dervish Bejah), Lil Hassan (née Fazulla), and Don Aziz.

Marree still has the longest-surviving "Ghantown", and many descendants of the original cameleers still live there.

Memorials
There is a memorial at Whitmore Square, Adelaide which pays homage to the city's Afghan camel drivers, called Voyagers and created by South Australian artist Shaun Kirby and his company Thylacine Art Projects. It was unveiled on the night of 11 December 2007, so that the lighting of the sculpture could be appreciated. It is in the shape of a crescent, evocative of sand dunes in the deserts of South Australia as well as the Hilal (crescent moon) associated with Islam. The curved wall is covered with handmade rippled tiles, produced at the JamFactory. There is a red metalwork decorative screen with traditional Islamic patterning on the front of the crescent. The memorial does not have a plaque, but there is a small stone obelisk in front of the crescent wall with Arabic writing.

There is also a bronze plaque honouring Bejah Dervish on the Jubilee 150 Walkway on North Terrace. It reads "Dervish Bejah, c1862-1957, Camel-driver, explorer".

A commemorative plaque for Faiz and Tagh Mahomet on St Georges Terrace in Perth acknowledges their contributions as camel owners and drivers in the 1890s in opening up the interior of Western Australia before the building of the railway.

In film

A 2020 documentary, The Afghan Cameleers in Australia, directed by Afghan/Australian filmmaker Fahim Hashimy, explores and records the relationships that many cameleers formed with Aboriginal women, and their descendants.

The 2020 drama feature film, The Furnace is set during the gold rushes in Western Australia and highlights the roles of Afghan cameleers.

Watandar, My Countryman is a documentary film directed by Jolyon Hoff and co-written and co-produced by Hazara photographer Muzafar Ali, who arrived in Australia as a refugee in 2015. The film, which explores the concept of identity, arose after Ali started investigating the long history of Afghan people in Australia. It premiered at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2022. The film features Nici Cumpston, artistic director of Tarnanthi, and curator of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art at the Art Gallery of South Australia.

Mosques

At first a special room set aside in someone's house served as places of prayer, but as time went on, the Muslim communities wanted to have dedicated places of worship. At Marree, an important junction of the camel trade, the Afghan cameleers built the earliest mosque in Australia in 1861, a simple mud and tin-roofed building, but this subsequently fell into disuse and was demolished.

Over time, as some members of the Afghan community prospered through trade and camel breeding, they contributed towards the building of the oldest permanent mosque in Australia, the Central Adelaide Mosque in 1888–89.

The Perth Mosque, which dates from 1905, was paid for by fund-raising efforts throughout the WA Muslim community, much of it instigated by the highly educated businessman Mohamed Hasan Musakhan (also known as Hassan Musa Khan) and the cameleer Faiz Mahomet. In 1910 there were also mosques in Coolgardie, Mount Malcolm, Leonora, Bummers Creek, Mount Sir Samuel and Mount Magnet (all in WA).

Notable people
Dervish Bejah (or Bejah Dervish) (1862 – 1957), who had been decorated for his military service, led his community in Marree. He came from Baluchistan, and later took part with Lawrence Wells in the Calvert Expedition of 1896. He is commemorated by a plaque in the Jubilee 150 Walkway in Adelaide.
 Dost Mahomed (1825 – 1885), son of Mulla Mohamed Jullah of Gaznee, was a Pashtun who had served as a sepoy in the British Indian Army. Recruited by Landells for the Burke and Wills expedition, he was one of the first eight cameleers who arrived in Melbourne from Karachi on the ship Chinsurah on 9 June 1860 and the oldest cameleer in the party. He went with Burke from Menindee to Cooper Creek, where he waited with William Brahe's party, helping to feed them with ducks and fish. He also participated in Howitt's Victorian Relief Expedition, to recover the bodies of Burke and wills, and it was during this journey that he was bitten badly by a bull camel, causing him loss of use of his right arm. He then worked in a market garden in Menindee, dying in the early 1880s.
 Dost Mahomet (1873 – 1909) was a Baloch cameleer who worked the WA goldfields in the late 1890s.
There was also Dost Mahomed (b.1878, Baluchistan) who worked at Port Hedland in 1904, and Dost Mahomed (b.1881, India) who arrived in Australia in 1898 and returned home several times between 1914 and 1931.
Faiz Mahomet (1848 – 1910) operated a camel station in South Australia, before opening camel stations in a number of locations in Western Australia in partnership with his brother Tagh. He assisted in raising funds for the construction of the Perth Mosque and laid its foundation stone on 13 November 1905.
Gool Mohomet or Gul Muhammed (1865–1950), who married Frenchwoman Adrienne Lesire, owned a station and later became Imam at Adelaide Mosque.
Haji Mulla Merban came from Kandahar to Port Darwin in the early days. He became a leader of the camel drivers working for the Overland Telegraph Line, eventually settling in Adelaide. He married a European woman and was known as a peace maker, once settling a dispute between Abdul Wade and Gunny Khan, two wealthy camel owners. He also became the first mullah (spiritual leader) of the Afghan community in SA at the Adelaide Mosque. He was buried at Coolgardie in 1897.
Hassan Musa Khan (30 May 1863 – 1939), well-educated and multi-lingual, ran a bookshop, founded the Perth Mosque and later lived in Adelaide.
Mahomet Allum (1858 – 1964), herbalist and philanthropist, who settled in Adelaide and became known as "the wonder man".
Monga Khan (1870 – 1930) was a "licensed hawker" of imported goods based in Victoria. According to research by Len Kenna, Khan was originally from Bathroi, a village in Dadyal Tehsil, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. His 1916 portrait (as recorded in the National Archives of Australia) was used in 2016 by Australian artist Peter Drew to create a poster campaign called "Real Aussies Say Welcome". This project was followed by the book and ebook "The Legend of Monga Khan: An Aussie Folk Hero", which includes illustrations, poems and short stories.
Mullah Abdullah (1855 – 1 January 1915), one of two perpetrators of an attack known as the Battle of Broken Hill in 1915, in which the former cameleers shot four people dead and wounded seven more, before being killed themselves. The other man was Gool Badsha Mahomed, not to be confused with Gool Mohomet of Adelaide below.
Abdul Kadir was the leader of the community in Oodnadatta.
Abdul Wade, a young Afghan man who brought his camels to the outback in the 1890s
Fuzzly Ahmed (Port Augusta–Oodnadatta, then Broken Hill)

Hector Mahomet, Peer Mahomet and Charlie Sadadeen were well known on the Oodnadatta track.

Jones (2007) has "A biographical listing of Australia's Muslim cameleers" (which includes Sikhs), representing "more than half of the total number of cameleers and other Muslim men from south Asia who worked in Australia during the era of camel transport", on pages 166–191.

See also
Afghan Australian
Afghan Rock, a place in WA where two cameleers were shot and killed
 Ahmadiyya in Australia
Battle of Broken Hill
Demography of Afghanistan
Indian Australians
Pakistani Australians
Islam in Australia
Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin
Pashtun diaspora
United States Camel Corps

References

Further reading

 - Story of Sikh hawker Siva Singh
 - Cameleers in WA
 (Online version of 2010 ed. at Google Books Over half available online - includes short biographies of a large number of cameleers.)

 Many names and further info
 Photo with information and bibliography
 Bibliography on Camels and Cameleers at the Northern Territory Library.
 The Afghan Camelmen (South Australian History: Flinders Ranges Research)
 Afghan Cameleers (ABC TV broadcast transcript, 1 November 2004 - George Negus)
 Pioneering Afghans from Bushmag.
 Cook, Abu Bakr Sirajuddin (2023). "Mullah Abdullah, A Mullah? A Reassessment of the Assertions and the Evidence". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs.
 Rajkowski OAM, Pamela, "In the Tracks of the Camelmen", 1987, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, NSW;; reprinted June, 2021, Open Howden books.

Islam in Australia
Pakistani diaspora in Australia
Exploration of Australia
Transport in Australia
Australian people of Afghan descent
Camel drivers
Social history of Australia


WGRA (790 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a talk radio format. Licensed to Cairo, Georgia, United States, the station is currently owned by Lovett Broadcasting Enterprises. In August 2020, the station can now also be heard on an FM translator at 95.9FM.

References

External links

GRA


WCGA (1100 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Woodbine, Georgia, United States, the station serves Brunswick, Georgia, and Fernandina Beach, Florida. The station is owned by Cox Broadcast Group, Inc. (unrelated to the larger Cox Media Group or Cox Enterprises) and features programming from Fox News Radio and Salem Radio Network.

History
The station was assigned the call sign WGBE on June 10, 1986. On March 30, 1987, it changed its call sign to WGMM; it signed on June 15 with religious programming and southern gospel. Original owner Miller Broadcasting, controlled by Joanne S. Mller, sold WGMM to J. Wesley Cox's Cox Broadcast Group for $25,000 in 1988; on November 30, it became WCGA. In 1997, WCGA, following a period in which it was silent, returned to the air with a talk format. On March 17, 2005, the station's license was cancelled because its license had expired without renewal on April 1, 2004; after subsequently filing for renewal, in May 2007 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restored the WCGA license and fined Cox Broadcast Group $7,000.

On January 15, 2020, the FCC revoked WCGA's license for failure to pay delinquent regulatory fees owed to the Commission. On February 11, 2020, the FCC rescinded the revocation, as it had not considered Cox Broadcast Group's response to the order.

References

External links
News Talk 1100 Facebook

CGA
Radio stations established in 1987
1987 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
CGA
News and talk radio stations in the United States


WWSD (1230 AM) was a radio station that broadcast an Urban Contemporary format. Formerly licensed to Quincy, Florida, United States, the station served the Tallahassee area. The station was owned by Tuff-Starr Jam Communication, Inc.

The station's license was cancelled and its call sign deleted by the Federal Communications Commission on February 3, 2012.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWWSD (Facility ID: 68319)
FCC History Cards for WWSD (covering 1946-1978 as WCNH)

WSD
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Florida
2012 disestablishments in Florida
WSD


Kenza Farah (born 8 July 1986) is a French-Algerian singer. Her album Authentik won gold in its second week. It was followed up by Avec le cœur and Trésor.

Career
Kenza Farah was born on 8 July 1986 in Béjaïa, Algeria and grew up in the 15th arrondissement of Marseille. She has six siblings. At the age of 14, she began playing shows in neighborhoods and won singing contests. Followed by a singing competition, Farah met the producers who allowed her to record some songs in the studio, including "Mon Ange", "Trésor" and "Il ma trahie". She was noticed by the producer Abdel.B, who produced her album from 2006 to 2007 with the independent record label Karismatik.

She is known for her collaborations with many artists such as Sefyu, Le Rat Luciano, Idir, Big Ali, Psy 4 de la Rime, Nina Sky, Roldán of the group Orishas, Busy Signal, Alonzo, Melissa M, Kayline and Nabila (of Karismatik), Soprano, and Ahmed Chawki amongst others.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Featured in

Mixtapes

References

External links
Official Site
Kenza Farah's blog

1986 births
Living people
French people of Berber descent
Algerian emigrants to France
French women singers
French women rappers
Hip hop singers
Kabyle people
French rhythm and blues singers
Soul singers
Women hip hop musicians
People from Béjaïa
Algerian expatriates in France
French people of Kabyle descent
Women hip hop singers


WPAX (1240 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an Adult Standards/MOR format. Licensed to Thomasville, Georgia, United States, the station serves the Tallahassee, Florida area. The station is currently owned by Lenrob Enterprises, Inc. and features programming from CBS News Radio, Westwood One and Atlanta Braves baseball. WPAX broadcasts full-time with 1,000 watts, and also transmits in C-QUAM AM stereo.

History

According to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records, WPAX was first licensed, as WQDX, in June 1930. However, station histories commonly trace its origin to an earlier short-lived Thomasville radio station, licensed from late 1922 to early 1923, which also held the call letters WPAX.

This first WPAX was initially licensed on December 27, 1922 to the S-W Radio Company, a small local concern run by Robert Shumate and Hoyt Wimpy, which had previously established a "radio school". (Although "pax" is the Latin word for "peace", its inclusion in the station's call letters was just a coincidence, as this call sign was randomly assigned from an alphabetic block of available call letters.)

WPAX began regular service in late January 1923 as the first broadcasting station located "south of Macon, in Georgia and North Florida", from a studio located in the Wimpy Garage at the corner of Stevens and Jefferson Streets. The broadcast hours were advertised as daily from 5:30 to 6:00 p.m., Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 8:30 to 9:30 p.m., Saturday from 10:00 to 11:00 a.m., and Sunday from 11:30 a.m to 12:30 p.m. and 7:30 to 8:30 p.m.

As was common during this era, this first WPAX lasted for only a few months, and was deleted in April 1923.

WQDX

It would be another seven years before the next licensed broadcasting station was established in Thomasville, when the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) granted an application from Stevens Luke to build a 50–watt station operating on 1210 kHz. The station was issued the sequentially assigned call letters of WQDX. A preliminary test broadcast was made on May 4, 1930, consisting of sermons transmitted from the local First Presbyterian Church. Regular broadcasts started later that month, from a studio inside a barn that was located at the Luke family home at 1141 Gordon Avenue. The new station's initial schedule was daily from 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m, with Stevens Luke acting as the primary announcer.

Later that year the main studio was moved to 135 East Jackson Street, and in 1931, the station's transmitter power was increased to 100 watts.

WPAX

Even after the original WPAX ended operations in 1923, Hoyt Wimpy remained in Thomasville and active in the radio industry, and a 1931 biographical review stated that "in Thomasville the word 'Wimpy' means 'radio'". He formed a company, Wimpy-Radio, which sold and serviced receivers and transmitters for radio amateurs and the general public.

In December 1934 ownership of WQDX was transferred to Wimpy, who on December 7 changed the station's call letters to WPAX. Two days later the station made its first broadcast under the new, albeit historic, call letters. The station's facilities were also upgraded with a move to new studios on Remington Avenue, and a transmitter tower was built atop the studio building.

In 1941 WPAX moved to 1240 kHz, as part of the reassignments made under the provisions of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA).

References

External links

FCC History Cards for WPAX (covering WQDX / WPAX from 1930-1979)

Thomasville Collection (Georgia Radio Museum and Hall of Fame)

PAX
Radio stations established in 1930


The Edward King House, is a monumentally scaled residence at 35 King street in Newport, Rhode Island, United States.  It was designed for Edward King in the "Italian Villa" style by Richard Upjohn and was built between 1845 and 1847, making it one of the earliest representations of the style. It was the largest and grandest house in Newport when it was built.  Edward King was the largest landowner in town by 1860, having made his fortune through the China Trade.

The house is built in brick, has asymmetrical massing, arched window heads, and a prominent three story tower. It was Upjohn's first use of the "Italian Villa" style.  These elements would later come to be considered typical features of Italianate design.  The house was featured in Andrew Jackson Downing's The Architecture of Country Houses in 1850, including an engraving of the house and architectural plans.  Downing described the house as "one of the most successful specimens of the Italian style in the United States."  He went on to note the great variety of window sizes and types and noted the harmony of the design.

The Edward King House was donated to the city of Newport in 1912 by Edward King's son and subsequently housed the Newport Public Library.  It is now a  senior citizens' center, The Newport Senior Center at the Edward King House.  It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 15 October 1970 and designated as a National Historic Landmark on 30 December 1970.  It has a notable Southern counterpart in Kenworthy Hall, designed by Upjohn a decade later.  That house is also a National Historic Landmark.

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island

References

External links
 Edward King House official website

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
Italianate architecture in Rhode Island
Houses completed in 1847
Richard Upjohn buildings
Villas in the United States
1847 establishments in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island


WPRY (1400 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Perry, Florida, United States, the station is currently owned by Dockins Communications, Inc. WPRY also is heard on an FM translator at 95.3.

References

External links

PRY
Radio stations established in 1953
1964 establishments in Florida


WTAL (1450 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Gospel format.  WTAL is licensed to Tallahassee, Florida, United States, the station serves the Tallahassee area.  The station is currently owned by Live Communications, Inc. and features weekday afternoon and Sunday programming.

References

External links
FCC History Cards for WTAL

TAL
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Florida


Ron Prichard (born 1945 or 1946) is an American golf course designer and restorer. His original designs include the TPC at Southwind, Memphis, Tennessee, now home of the FedEx St. Jude Classic. However, he is perhaps better known for masterminding the restoration of courses originally created by the Scottish-American designer Donald Ross (1872 – 1948), among them Aronimink Golf Club in Newtown Township, Pennsylvania.

Career
Prichard decided on his career path while in college. "I'd ask myself back then what I wanted to be doing when I was 50," he recalled to one interviewer. "And the answer was a golf architect. I thought it would be nice to be known around the neighborhood." He started his business in the 1960s, and by May 2003 he had designed "nearly 20" courses and restored more than 30 others.

Original designs
Among his original projects, he was the lead architect for the Tournament Players Club golf course which opened in 1988 at Southwind, Memphis, with golfers Hubert Green and Fuzzy Zoeller as co-consultants. This course has been the home of the FedEx St. Jude Classic (formerly called the Memphis Open) since 1989.

Restorations
Because of his reputation as a restorer of the works of classic golf course designers such as Donald Ross, Prichard – then a resident of Montgomeryville – was appointed in the 1990s to restore Aronimink Golf Club in Newtown Township, Pennsylvania. This was originally designed by Ross but underwent numerous modifications in the 1980s under Robert Trent Jones, an influential architect but one whose approach to golf course design was later felt to be incompatible with Ross's. The restorations achieved a higher profile when the course was selected to host the Senior PGA Championship for 2003. Prichard's changes, only commenced after a year of planning during which he inspected the course and old photographs, included restoring Ross's original bunkering and expanding the fairways. Aronimink's rise on Golf Digest'''s list of the 100 greatest American courses rose from 98th position in 2001 to 52nd the following year was credited to Prichard's restoration work.

A similar challenge – recovering a Ross design from beneath numerous later modifications – was posed by Jeffersonville Golf Club in Pennsylvania, requiring Prichard to make use of historical sources including 1930s aerial photographs. The restoration project he headed at The Minikahda Club in Minneapolis, Minnesota, another Ross original, was praised by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer in 2007 as "a huge success, as the course now moves into the 21st century". One restoration project outside the United States was at Elmhurst Golf & Country Club at Winnipeg, Canada, which the club hoped would help to make it a venue for the Canadian Open.

Ron Whitten, writing in GolfWorld'' in 2007, was critical of the attempts of many planners to return Donald Ross's courses to original designs, calling such restoration "the narrow-minded substitute for imagination". However, he listed Prichard as among "[t]he best architects who specialize in Ross recoveries", understanding the need for course design to change with the times.

References

1940s births
Golf course architects
American landscape architects
Living people


Chirmont () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Chirmont is situated on the D188 road, some  south of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


WJXO (1580 AM) is a radio station is licensed to Chattahoochee, Florida, United States. The station is owned by Mount Vernon Broadcasting LLC.

History
The station's original call sign was WSBP, broadcasting a country format for most of its early history. The construction permit to build the station was first issued on January 22, 1962. It first signed on November 1, 1963, at 1,000 watts of daytime-only power and under the ownership of the Chattahoochee Broadcasting Company. Emory Pope was the company president.

WSBP was sold to Roscoe Fleetwood in stages between 1969 and 1973. On November 11, 1975, the station changed hands again, this time to Soundway Broadcasting Company, headed by president and general manager Erwin O'Conner. Prior to the sale that year, the FCC approved the station's request to increase the station's daytime power to five thousand watts. The change became effective January 22, 1979.

The call sign changed to WENO on January 29, 1980. On May 12, 1988, the station changed its call sign to WTCL.

WTCL went silent on December 24, 2013, after the collapse of an LMA to a prospective new owner; it remained mostly silent as its current owner sought a buyer or another LMA offer. On February 23, 2016, WTCL returned to the air with a 1980s hits format, branded as "Sunny Radio". It was the first affiliate of the format for Whiplash Community Radio, owner of KZOY in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and KZOI in Dakota City, Nebraska.

By 2018, however, Sunny was no longer operating the station, and Faith Radio of Tallahassee was broadcasting on it. Owner Metz, LLC, sold the station to Mount Vernon Broadcasting in 2018 for $50,000. The sale came after Hurricane Michael devastated the region; the $50,000 sale price consisted of payments advanced by Mount Vernon to pay for FCC filing fees. David Garcia, a Hispanic broadcaster, reached a deal for a new time brokerage agreement, but the COVID-19 pandemic derailed his plans, and Hurricane Sally caused damage to the studio building later in 2020. Further, Mount Vernon, which had attempted to finance WTCL's purchase with payments for the lease he held for KMRI in West Valley City, Utah, found itself not getting the money after the lessee fell behind on payments; in 2020, an earthquake collapsed its tower; the collapse and subsequent litigation cost $200,000 by mid-2021, at which time Wood was working with a local resident to potentially return the station to air.

The call letters were changed to WJXO on August 6, 2021.

References

External links

JXO
Radio stations established in 1963
1963 establishments in Florida
JXO


Isambard is a given name. It is Norman, of Germanic origin, meaning either "iron-bright" or "iron-axe". The first element comes from isarn meaning iron (or steel).  The second element comes from either biart-r (bright, glorious) or from barđa (a broad axe). It was used by:

 Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849), French-born engineer
 Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859), British engineer, son of Marc Isambard Brunel
 Sir Isambard Owen (1850–1927), British physician and university academic, son of an employee of Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Variation
 Isambart (8th century), Frankish count

See also
 Isembard (disambiguation)
 Isambard Brunel (disambiguation)

References


Roberto Fernández Alvarellos (born 25 January 1979), known simply as Roberto, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Club career
Roberto was born in Chantada, Lugo. After several years struggling at RC Celta de Vigo, never making it past its B team, he moved to Sporting de Gijón in 2002. Save for his first season, when he was backup to Juanjo Valencia, he was a starter during his spell, winning the Ricardo Zamora Trophy in the 2005–06 campaign by conceding only 31 goals in 38 games whilst going unbeaten for 825 minutes with the Segunda División club.

In June 2008, after playing all the league matches but one to help Sporting return to the top division after a ten-year absence, Roberto also moved to La Liga, signing a three-year contract with CA Osasuna. After spending his first year on the bench, he eventually beat competition from veteran Ricardo (formerly of Manchester United) and became first choice, but lost it again in the 2009–10 season, appearing almost exclusively in the Copa del Rey – he took the field in the league's last two rounds, with the Navarrese already safe from relegation.

On 14 July 2010, Roberto was released by Osasuna and signed a three-year deal with Granada CF, returned to the second tier after 22 years. He only missed two games in the regular season in his first year, then starred in the play-offs in an eventual second consecutive promotion for the Andalusians.

Roberto started in three of the four following seasons, all spent in the top flight. He joined CD Lugo on 17 July 2015, after his contract expired.

On 1 June 2018, after spent the majority of his spell with the Galicians as second choice, Roberto announced his retirement at the age of 39.

References

External links

Celta de Vigo biography

1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Lugo
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Galicia (Spain)
Men's association football goalkeepers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
RC Celta Fortuna players
Sporting de Gijón players
CA Osasuna players
Granada CF footballers
CD Lugo players


Walter Shelley sailed to the English colony at Jamestown, Virginia before 1619.

Walter Shelley was one of the original subscribers to the London Company.  He was a member of the First Legislative Assembly in America and sat for Smith's Hundred when they met at Jamestown on July 30, 1619. His name appears on a monument to the first House of Burgesses which stands at Jamestown today.

Shelley died of fever in 1619, very shortly after the Assembly began.

References

1619 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Virginia colonial people
People from Jamestown, Virginia


WMGR (930 AM) is a Christian radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian music format. Licensed to Bainbridge, Georgia, United States, the station serves the Tallahassee area.  The station was owned by Kevin Dowdy, through licensee Flint Media Inc. prior to purchase by Clear Channel Communications.

History
WMGR was established in the late 1940s by Marvin Griffin, who later became the 72nd Governor of Georgia.  The call sign was for Marvin Griffin Radio.

On January 1, 2017, WMGR changed their format from classic hits to contemporary Christian.

Previous logo

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1943
MGR


Lud, zbunjen, normalan () is a Bosnian television sitcom created by Feđa Isović and Elmir Jukić, which aired primarily on FTV and Nova TV from 2 September 2007 to 10 November 2021, lasting thirteen seasons. Since its debut, it was also shown throughout all the countries of the former Yugoslavia. With an ensemble cast starring Mustafa Nadarević, Senad Bašić, Moamer Kasumović and Tarik Džinić, the show revolves around the daily lives and struggles of the Fazlinović family.

Lud, zbunjen, normalan received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular and most watched television shows in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslavia.

Premise
The show stars three generations of the Fazlinović family, all living in an apartment in Sarajevo. The oldest of the family is Izet Fazlinović (Mustafa Nadarević). Izet has a son Faruk (Senad Bašić), who in turn has a son Damir (Moamer Kasumović). In season four, Damir's son Džebra (Bilal Hadžić; Ivor Šparavalo; Tarik Džinić) is born. The show's title refers to the three main characters, with Izet being Lud (The Nut), Faruk being Zbunjen (The Confused) and Damir being Normalan (The Regular). The show's plot revolves around humorous situations involving the Fazlinović clan, their friends and co-workers.

Later on in the series, Faruk leaves for Sweden, after which Damir's son Džebra, a student, becomes the normal one in the family. Izet stays crazy, while Damir becomes confused.

Cast and characters

Lud zbunjen normalan employs an ensemble cast. Three generations, later on four, of the Fazlinović family all live in a Sarajevo apartment. The oldest of the family is Izet Fazlinović (Mustafa Nadarević). Izet has a son Faruk (Senad Bašić) who has a son Damir (Moamer Kasumović) and he has a son Džebra (Tarik Džinić). The show's title referred to the three main characters, with Izet being Lud (crazy), Faruk being Zbunjen (confused) and Damir being Normalan (normal). The show's plot revolves around humorous situations involving the Fazlinović clan, their friends and co-workers. Later on in the series, Faruk leaves for Sweden and Džebra joins Izet and Damir as one of the three protagonists, becoming the normal one in the family. Izet stays crazy, while Damir becomes confused.

The series also featured a number of guest stars. The series featured Enis Bešlagić as Đenis Đenis, a rockstar; Samir Fazlinović, Izet's nephew from his late brother, played by Emir Hadžihafizbegović, who later was promoted to a regular on the show.

In addition, there are various Balkan singers that had a guest appearance on the show, such as: Al' Dino, a recording artist; Sejo Sexon (Davor Sučić - aka "Sejo Sexon"), member of the rock group "Zabranjeno Pušenje", who is good friends with Faruk; Tifa (Tifa); Nagib (Zlatan Zuhrić - Zuhra) who came to Faruk to record a song and Nina Badrić, came to Izet to record a song.

Protagonists

Izet Fazlinović (Mustafa Nadarević) - Izet is a widower in his mid seventies, who was orphaned as a child. He is a staunch communist with Titoist leanings, as he always asks Tito for help while looking at his picture, but is nonetheless greedy and unwilling to work for money, preferring to run extortion schemes such as scams. Izet often threatens to kill people "like rabbits" (which he did when he mistakenly believed that Damir was gay or when Faruk spilled his prized and highly alcoholic Maksuzija rakija). Izet is constantly yelling and browbeating everyone around him to great comic effect. In addition, he makes outrageous claims (about his past love life and fighting the Germans during World War II, which occurred while he was an infant). He is considered the show's breakout character. The character is a parody of many of the elderly citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, most of whom are nostalgic about when Bosnia was a part of the SFR Yugoslavia.
Faruk Fazlinović (Senad Bašić) - Faruk is Izet's son and only child. He works as a music producer and owns a fledgling studio where he works. The character parodies another stereotypical remnant of Yugoslav era as he represents the generation that was the urban youth revolving around Sarajevo's burgeoning rock scene, that is now on the brink of financial downfall in post-war Yugoslav societies where only turbo-folk musicians tend to be more well off. Faruk's involvement in the scene is often emphasized by celebrity appearances of rock musicians who all seem to know Faruk back then. A running gag on the show was his tendency to sleep all day, and stay up all night. He had to contend with all his father's neurotic browbeating. The actor left the series in 2016, and there were no new actors to replace him in season 11. His last appearance was in episode 264.
Damir Fazlinović (Moamer Kasumović) - Damir is Faruk's son and only child as well as Izet's only grandchild. He was the result of a one night stand which occurred in the bathroom of the Cafe San Remo on its opening night in 1985. His mother abandoned him with the Fazlinović family and briefly returned in 2008. In spite of this he is the only normal and well balanced member of the family, as well as a medical student at the University of Sarajevo. He represents the country's youth, or more specifically students, caught in the grisly madness of conflicting social currents. A running gag on the show is his attempt to lead a normal life, in spite of his abnormal relatives.
Džema Branko Fazlinović/Džebra (Tarik Džinić) - Džebra is Damir's and Barbara's son, Faruk's grandson and Izet's great-grandson. He dislikes school and first went to school with his great-grandfather, who unsuccessfully tried to pull him out after learning that one of his classes would be on religious studies. He has already outgrown his peers. Damir and Barbara originally wanted to name him Dražen, but Izet got involved, so he was named Džema Branko (after Yugoslavian communist leaders) instead. He is referred to as Džebra, a mix of the names Džemal and Branko.

Other cast and characters
Jelena Fazlinović-Janković (Katarina Marković) - She is Izet's daughter. Her mom was Izet's girlfriend and she was called Persida Janković. Jelena's mother died and Jelena comes to Sarajevo to find her father. She is a sexually active heavy drinker who's overly sassy like Izet, but sleeps in like her half-brother Faruk.
Dragan Čmar/Zoran Čmar - "Čombe" (Miraj Grbić) - Čombe is an intellectually challenged (very dumb), albeit a nice and kind character. He has a lot of ideas, but they never end up going the right way. He is a passionate musician, but is a terrible guitarist and singer. For a long time, every episode would end with Čombe either terribly singing, or with him talking on senseless TV-shows or radio talk shows about the theme of the episode. He was initially called Dragan Čmar, but in an episode he changed his name to Zoran.
Barbara Fazlinović (Marija Omaljev; Džana Pinjo) - Damir's ex-wife, who's an actress that puts her career first (but the fact is that she doesn't have a career). She is arrogant and self-centered, and doesn't care much about other people. The character is a parody of region's new go-getter youth. Her first appearance was in Episode Tripl Randevu as seller in jewelry store.
Samir Fazlinović (Emir Hadžihafizbegović) - Izet's nephew from his late brother, a notorious scam artist who always cheats the people he does business with. He is a parody of Bosnia's stereotypical unscrupulous micro-businessmen. A running gag on the show is the fact that every time that Izet, Faruk, Damir and later on Džebra do any business with him, they always get scammed.
Šefika Rondić (Jasna Žalica) - Šefika is a maid who works for the Fazlinovic family. Her job is complicated by the family's dysfunctions, especially Izet's constant sexual harassment and attempts to lower her pay. She quits her job because of Izet's constant sexual harassment and was replaced by Rabija in the first episode of the second season. She comes back to the Fazlinović house in season 11.
Enes Hadžiethemćumurović (Žan Marolt) - Enes is the Fazlinović's next door neighbor. The character is a parody of the numerous corrupt and smooth-talking politicians that exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His last name is also a parody of post-communist politicians in Bosnia, as it is very long and has obscure origins and religious overtones. He makes numerous references to an unnamed political party of which he is a senior member and whose president is "his really good friend, by the way". He frequently charges personal expenses to the party's accounts (such as the furniture in his home and presents he bought for Šefika, and later Rabija) and has ripped off the Fazlinović family on at least one occasion. The party also "helped" Enes to earn a law degree in 2007, though he rarely finds the time to practice law, unless one of the other characters ends up needing a lawyer, such as Stjepan and Izet. Enes had a romantic relationship with Šefika and, in the second season, with Rabija and he recruited Izet into his party in an attempt to lure elderly voters. The attempt backfired because of a sex scandal caused by Izet. Izet calls him dugonja (stretch) because of his tall stature. The actor died on 11. July 2009, and it was decided no new actors will replace him further on in the series. His last appearance was in episode 71.
Dr. Điđimilović - (Vanja Drach) - Dr. Điđimilović is a psychiatrist and a longtime friend of Izet. The doctor is often called in by Izet to help with the family's problems which both medical and personal in nature. A running gag on the show is the fact that many of the medical problems that Dr. Điđimilović is called to treat are misdiagnosed prior to his arrival, so he ends up dispensing advice for a problem that does not exist, such as Faruk's drug addiction and Damir's impotence. The actor died on 6. September 2009, and it was decided no new actors will replace him further on in the series. His last appearance was in episode 72.
Ivana (Gordana Boban) - A secretary at the music studio owned by Faruk. She more or less ran the studio. The actress left the series with her last appearance in episode 55, due to having issues with the way that controversial content was handled on the show. The character was said to have moved to Germany.
Dino (Mehmeda) Mujkić (Milan Pavlović) - Sound technician at Faruk's studio, Akord. Obese and inept, he is often portrayed as stupid, even buying Izet's VW Beetle for 4,900 Bosnian Marks and paying 4,000 Marks to Samir for a driver's license which has someone else's name and photograph on it. The actor was killed off of the series, with his last appearance in episode 63. (It was due to the actor Pavlović having asked for higher pay and the showrunners not willing to agree to that.) In the first episode of season 3, it was revealed he died after overeating, and in the same episode was his funeral.
Stjepan (Stipe) Mrvica (Saša Petrović) - Former owner of the Cafe San Remo, a popular hang out for the show's characters. He tried to sabotage San Remo with Samir, but it failed. His last appearance was in episode 69 explained by his fallout with his wife Marija.
Marija Šarafova (Tatjana Šojić) - Stipe's former wife who also works at the cafe. After many years of marriage Marija schemed to divorce Stipe and take control of all his assets. To accomplish this, she enlists her lawyer/lover Mariofil, and recruits Enes to represent Stipe in the divorce proceeding with the agreement that he would lose the case.
Selma (Zana Marjanović) - A waitress at the Cafe San Remo. After finishing college, she became the secretary at Faruk's studio after Ivana went to Germany.
Rabija Bubić- "Rapka" (Belma Lizde-Kurt) - The family's new maid (from season 2), whom Izet handpicked himself. She's a very nice girl, albeit slightly ignorant due to her countryside upbringing, a great cook, and is a workaholic despite having a 300 Marks monthly wage. However, in episode 95, she quits her job after the old vacuum cleaner exploded, and as she always said, there is nothing that works in Izet's house, because he never gave her the money to buy any working equipment.
Dr. Đuro Ubiparip (Boro Stjepanović) - A gynecologist and Izet's long-time friend from Belgrade, who replaced Dr. Điđimilović when it came to partaking in Izet's weekly schemes and shenanigans, albeit with more concern for those who fell victim to them, when compared to his predecessor.
Bećir Mrvica (Dragan Marinković) - A gay pop recording artist. He came from Zagreb to Sarajevo due to personal reasons. His first appearance was in episode 78 (Season 3). He did not appear until Season 12. After a decade he returned from the Netherlands in Season 12. In the Netherlands he met his husband who died a few months before he returned to Bosnia, where he wanted to open a clinic in his honor.
Mentor Kosova (Ilir Tafa) - Mentor Kosova is a Co-Owner of Faruk´s Video Production, and a former owner of a Buregdžinica. He quit that business after happening to witness Dino's death by overeating. He's a Kosovar Albanian and a major patriot for Kosovo. He became very angry when Faruk compared a schnitzel that Mentor brought to him from Kosovo to Karađorđeva šnicla, and a salad from Kosovo to Shopska salad, due to the Serbian and Macedonian names of those dishes. Later in that episode, Mentor wanted to have a picture of Bill Clinton in Faruk's studio, due to Clinton's advocation for what was the NATO intervention during the Kosovo War.
Zumreta Bubić- "Zumra" (Minka Muftić) - The family's third maid (from season 4), which replaced her younger sister Rabija. She is very primitive, and has a lack of knowledge towards common things and has a typical country accent. She was fired after peeling potatoes with a used shaving razor.
Sanela (ex. Bandera) Hadžimuftezović (Elvira Aljukić) - The family's fourth maid (from season 5), who replaced Zumra. She's considered to be beautiful and sexy, and the family is always trying to take a look at her buttocks and her breasts. Her brother is a Sarajevo mafia member Pajser. Prior to working for the Fazlinović family, she first appeared in Episode 95, when she was brought to Studio Akord to record a song by one of her and Faruk's mutual friends, but through a series of unfortunate events, she ends up mistaking Faruk for Refko and had sexual relations with the latter, thinking he is Faruk.
Milan Čmar-"Kufe" (Ljubomir Bandović) - Čombe's and Fufe's brother. He came to Sarajevo after having lived in the United States for years. He's pretty much exactly like Čombe and Fufe, except with a subtler nuance. He and Mentor Kosova quickly become friends, despite the conflict between the ethnic groups (Serbs and Albanians) in Kosovo. The character only appears in season 6. He appears in the other seasons only in flashbacks.

Recurring appearances
Mariofil (Mirvad Kurić) Marija's second husband (from the fifth season ex-husband). A lawyer. First appearance in episode 52.
Spomenka (Milena Dravić) Izet's neighbor and occasional lover.
Senka (Seka Sablić) - Senka is house-sitting for her cousin Spomenka while the latter is out of the country. She is also involved with Izet.
Ana (Halima Mušić) Izet's new girlfriend, after Senka and Spomenka left him.
Alma (Irma Alimanović) - Damir's first girlfriend. Met her in a library in episode 2.
Ines (Iva Šulentić) - Damir's croatian ex-girlfriend.
Mirna (Alma Terzić) - Damir's new girlfriend. She left him in episode 71 for a misunderstanding.
Tanja (Slađana Bukejlović) - Faruk's ex-girlfriend.
Senada Fukić-Fazlinović (Snežana Marković) - Faruk's new girlfriend, after he broke up with Tanja. Faruk married her. She left him.
Đido Mova (Aleksandar Seksan) - An ineffective detective the characters often hire to spy on each other. A running gag is that when he answers phone calls, he introduces himself as Džido Mova (which is šatrovački for "come here") and people misunderstand him thinking that they have to come to him.
Reufik (Mehmeda) Mujkić - "Refko"  (Goran Navojec) - Dino's brother who used to live in Zagreb, but came to Sarajevo for Dino's funeral, and stayed in Sarajevo. He worked as a sound technician at Faruk's studio, and Čombe and he later had their own senseless nighttime radio show. The character was introduced in the first episode of season 3.

Episodic appearances
Đenis Đenis (Enis Bešlagić) - He is a famous rockstar that came to Faruk two times to record a hit. Izet got involved and his plan failed.
Stefanel (Mario Drmać) - A recording artist who came to Faruk once to record an album. He is also a hypochondriac.
Ranka (Ana Mazalica) - Ranka is Izet's dead wife. She has her life savings known as "Crni Fond" (Black Savings) and they are hidden somewhere in the house.
Nevena (Mediha Musliović) - Damir's mom that abandoned him when he was a baby.
Mahmut (Emir Z. Kapetanović) - A wealthy religious musician who came to Faruk's studio to record some Muslim religious songs.
Murga (Mirsad Tuka) - Police inspector.
Nada (Vedrana Seksan) - Damir's professor in which both Faruk and Izet are in love with.

Celebrity appearances
Hanka Paldum - Came to Faruk to record a song in Izet's dream.
Nina Badrić - Came to Izet to record a song.
Elvir Laković Laka - Came to Faruk to record a song.
Mladen Vojičić Tifa as himself, came to Faruk to record a song.
Sejo Sexon as himself. A member of the group "Zabranjeno Pušenje",  he is good friends with Faruk in the series.
Nagib (Zlatan Zuhrić - Zuhra) - Came to Faruk to record a song.
Al Dino as himself.
Deen - Came to Faruk to record an album.
Rambo Amadeus as himself.

Episodes

Development
The first episode of Lud, zbunjen, normalan aired on 2 September 2007. The first five episodes were produced as a pilot for Bosnian public broadcaster FTV, but after Croatian television station Nova TV joined to produce the show, the series was approved for a full season. Alongside producers Davor Pušić and Mirsad Herović, FTV General Manager Jasmin Duraković was also influential in the show's conception. He formed a cast which included Mustafa Nadarević and Senad Bašić. Meanwhile, Siniša Svilan directed the program. Nova TV commissioned the TV rights for Croatian territory and provided production for the first season, which had 40 episodes. The second season had 32 episodes, and seasons three and four each had 24 episodes. The fifth season, which aired in 2012, had 16 episodes and the season six had 9 episodes before the series was canceled by FTV. Ultimately the series was revived for a seventh season, which began airing on 3 November 2014.

In 2015, the Bosnian broadcaster changed to the commercial television Face TV and started broadcasting the seventh season regularly from 4 April 2015 at 8:00 PM.

In 2016, series screenwriter Feđa Isović stated that after 264 episodes, the series was supposed to end, but in 2018, Isović announced that 36 new episodes were planned. The 265th episode aired on 17 February 2020 on Nova BH, with Bašić leaving the series.

Cancellation
In April 2020, Isović announced that the series would continue after 300 episodes with at least three more seasons planned. However, filming of the series was stopped in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the series was cancelled altogether after the death of main actor Mustafa Nadarević.

Tarik Džinić, one of the main actors, has subsequently revealed that the series was supposed to end after 336 episodes.

References

External links
Lud zbunjen normalan

Bosnia and Herzegovina television sitcoms
2007 Bosnia and Herzegovina television series debuts
2000s Bosnia and Herzegovina television series
2010s Bosnia and Herzegovina television series
2020s Bosnia and Herzegovina television series
2021 Bosnia and Herzegovina television series endings
Television productions cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Television shows set in Sarajevo
Federalna televizija original programming


Eteonicus () was a Spartan commander during the Peloponesian and Corinthian Wars. He participated in many key engagements, held important commands and is mentioned multiple times by Thucydides, Xenophon and Diodorus Siculus. His appearance in the record, however, is mostly episodic, with his roles not being particularly influential.

Peloponnesian War

Eteonicus first appears on the historical stage when serving under Astyochus in a campaign around Chios sometime during 413 BC – 412 BC without any notable accomplishments.

In 412 BC – 411 BC he served as a Spartan governor of Thasos (and potentially Iasos) from where he was expelled along with the pro-Spartan faction. The setback was thought to be the result of treachery on the part of a fellow Spartan, Pasippidas, who was subsequently exiled from Sparta.

Battle of Arginusae and Immediate Aftermath

In 406 BC, Spartan forces were blockading the Athenian admiral Conon in Mitylene prompting Athens to send a relief force. The Spartan admiral Callicratidas left Eteonicus blockading Conon with 50 ships and took the remaining 120 ships against the Athenians. The two fleets met at Arginusae just off the Island of Lesbos. The Spartan fleet was completely destroyed and Callicratidas killed. Eteonicus received the news of the defeat and withdrew to Chios. In the meantime, the Athenians divided their fleet after Arginusae. The main force was sent after Eteonicus while a smaller force was dispatched to pick up the survivors of the 25 ships lost in the battle. However, a bad storm prevented both endeavours. Eteonicus got away and 1000 – 5000 shipwrecked Athenian soldiers drowned leading to a political fire-storm in Athens.

Eteonicus experienced further difficulties while in Chios. As winter approached and he had no money to pay his troops they were unable to provide sufficient food and shelter for themselves. This led to a conspiracy aimed at sacking Chios which was an allied state. The conspirators agreed to tie reeds to their arms in order to recognize each other. Eteonicus feared the attack would result in significant damage to Sparta's reputation as well as damage the broader Spartan alliance. He was forced to issue the risky order to execute any of his own men seen with a reed tied around his arm. The gambit worked and the crisis was averted. Soon thereafter, Lysander arrived in Ephesus to take overall command in Ionia and Eteonicus joined him there with his forces.

Battle of Aegospotami

Two years later, in 404 BC Eteonicus played an important role in the pivotal battle of Aegospotami that effectively ended the Peloponnesian War. There are varying accounts of the battle. However, the accounts all agree on the total destruction of the Athenian fleet by Lysander, leading directly to the surrender of Athens. Much of the Athenian fleet was destroyed on the beach while the crews were scattered. Eteonicus led the Spartan land forces that fought on the beach.

After the battle Lysander swept the Athenians from power throughout much of their empire. As part of that campaign, Eteonicus was sent by Lysander with 10 triremes to overthrow Athenian power in the north which he was successful in doing.

Encounter with the "Ten Thousand"

Eteonicus also has a small part in the story of the famous Ten Thousand Greek mercenaries who had marched into Persia to fight for Cyrus the Younger and were stranded there upon his death at the Battle of Cunaxa. Upon their return to Ionia, Pharnabazus, the Persian satrap was worried about the Greek army ravaging his lands. He asked his Spartan allies to help remove the army from his territories. In response, Anaxibius, the Spartan general, tricked Xenophon, the commander of the Ten Thousand, into transporting his army across to Byzantium with a promise of employment. Once there, the Ten Thousand were stranded and ordered to march into Thrace and fend for themselves. Refusing to go, the soldiers seized Byzantium which was held for Anaxibius by Eteonicus. Eteonicus was forced to take refuge in the citadel. However, Xenophon was able to persuade his troops of the folly inherent in defying Sparta at a time when the Spartans were dominating the Greek world in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War. The remnants of the Ten Thousand thereupon retired peacefully from Byzantium.

Corinthian War

In 388 BC, with the Corinthian war already several years old, Eteonicus was the Spartan governor of Aegina. Under orders from Sparta, he allowed his Aegentine and Spartan troops to ravage Athenian territories. Athens retaliated by laying siege to Aegina. The Athenians under Pamphilius blockaded Aegina with their fleet as well as constructing fortifications investing the city by land. The naval blockade was lifted by the Spartan fleet under Teleutias but the Athenians continued to besiege Aegina by land. Soon thereafter, Teleutias was replaced by Hierax who installed Gorgopas as governor. Gorgopas was successful in lifting the siege and in several offensive operations, but was subsequently killed in an ambush. Eteonicus apparently did not leave Aegina after Gorgopas became governor and assumed command after his death. However, he was unable to compel his troops to undertake further offensive operations due to lack of pay. Teleutias was recalled to take overall command. Through his reputation with the troops and personal charisma he was able to restore discipline despite not having any additional funds.

Notes

References
Diodorus Siculus, Library

Ancient Spartan admirals
5th-century BC Spartans
4th-century BC Spartans
5th-century BC births
4th-century BC deaths
Spartans of the Peloponnesian War
Spartans of the Corinthian War


Dambelin () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Communes of Doubs


Dambenois () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Communes of Doubs
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Dammartin-les-Templiers () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Dampierre-les-Bois () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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 Pays de Montbéliard website

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Dampierre-sur-le-Doubs (, literally Dampierre on the Doubs) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Dampjoux () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Damprichard () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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References

Communes of Doubs