Myke Michel de Carvalho (born October 28, 1983, in Belém do Pará) is a Brazilian retired amateur boxer, best known for his participation in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics and for winning bronze medals at the Panamerican Games in 2007 and 2011.

Career
Carvalho stems from a boxing family, his uncle Dalgírio was a professional boxer. He started working out at the age of 11 and had his first amateur bout at 15.

He won silver at the South American Games 2002 at featherweight losing to Nehomar Cermeno.

He qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics  by ending up in first place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At age 21 Carvalho lost at the Olympics 2004 in the men's lightweight division to Alex de Jesús of Puerto Rico, 24:39.

Now at junior welter he won the 2006 South American Games.

At the PanAm Games 2007 he lost at junior welter 8:9 to eventual winner Karl Dargan in the semis and settled for bronze.

At his 2008 Olympic qualifier he lost his semifinal to Manuel Félix Díaz but edged out Gumersindo Carrasco in the all-important third-place bout 3:2 to qualify. At the Olympics he was upset by Mauritian Richarno Colin, see here.

He won a gold at the 2010 South American Games at Junior Welter, and a bronze at the 2011 Military World Games.

At the 2011 Pan American Games he competed at Welter and won another Bronze after losing to Carlos Banteux.

At the 2012 American Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament he beat Oscar Molina and qualified for his third Olympics in 2012, where he lost to Errol Spence.

Carvalho wished to achieve a fourth Olympic appearance at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, but a forearm injury one month before the qualifiers forced his retirement at the age of 33. He now takes care of a gym at his hometown of Belém.

References

External links
 Brazilian Boxing Confederation profile

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Belém
Brazilian male boxers
Super-featherweight boxers
Lightweight boxers
Light-welterweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Brazil
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 2011 Pan American Games
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games silver medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2002 South American Games
Competitors at the 2006 South American Games
Competitors at the 2010 South American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
21st-century Brazilian people
20th-century Brazilian people


John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan ( – ) was a Scottish nobleman.

He was the son and heir of Alexander Stewart and succeeded to the Earldom in 1505, however, he retained the style of Master of Buchan until 1519, when he was formally recognised as heir. On 4 August 1547, he formally resigned his land to his son John Stewart and his heirs, reserving the Earl's liferent.

He married Margaret, daughter of Sir James Scrymgeour of Dudhope, Constable of Dundee, by whom he had:

 John Stewart, Master of Buchan, who married, first, Mary, only child of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, an illegitimate son of King James IV and Janet Kennedy; secondly, Margaret, daughter of Walter Ogilvy of the Boyne, who survived her husband by two years at least. He was killed in the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, 10 September 1547, leaving an only child by Margaret Ogilvy,
 Christina Stewart, later to become Countess of Buchan.
 James Stewart, Master of Buchan in 1547, after his brother's death. He married Christian, daughter of John Strang of Balcaskie, by whom he had:
 James Stewart, served as heir to his father, 13 October 1604, and to his grandfather, great-grandfather, and great-great-grandfather 26 March 1618.
 Alexander Stewart.
 Margaret Stewart, married to Sir Hadrian Damon of Birtewelte in Denmark.
 Isobel Stewart.

He was described as recently dead in 1551. The earldom devolved upon his granddaughter Christina.

References

1551 deaths
3
Year of birth uncertain


Héctor de la Cruz (born October 12, 1965) is a Dominican professional baseball manager. He played professional baseball for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1991. A native of Sabana Perdida, Santo Domingo, he is nicknamed "La Manta" by close friends and family.

Career
De la Cruz spent seven years in Minor league baseball as a third baseman/outfielder for the Toronto Blue Jays organization before becoming a coach in the Arizona Diamondbacks system. He also played professional baseball in Korea, Taiwan and Japan.

From 2001 through 2004, De la Cruz coached for the Missoula Osprey (2001–2002) of the Pioneer League and Class-A South Bend Silver Hawks (2003–2004). In 2005, he started his managerial career with Missoula, where he won the PL pennant in 2006. The next year he led the Single-A Visalia Oaks to a 77–63 record, as well as a playoff appearance in the California League.

From 2008 to 2009, he managed Class AA Mobile Bay Bears of the Southern League, before joining the Missoula Osprey of the Pioneer League for the next two years. He posted a 28–47 record in 2010, but improved to 41–35 in 2011, leading the Osprey to the best record among North Division teams, and their first PBL North Division First-Half championship since 1999. At the end of the season, he was named Pioneer League Manager of the Year.

He spent 2012 with the AZL Diamondbacks.

Caribbean baseball
In an unusual situation during the 2007–2008 Dominican League regular season, the Tigres del Licey, managed by De La Cruz, finished second and would not qualify for the Caribbean Series, but had to replace Puerto Rico when the Puerto Rican circuit canceled its regular season for financial reasons. Then, De La Cruz led Licey to the 2008 CS title after defeating their Dominican rival Águilas Cibaeñas, Venezuela's Tigres de Aragua and Mexico's Yaquis de Obregón.

References

External links
, or CPBL
Mobile BayBears 2008

1965 births
Living people
Baseball shortstops
Brother Elephants players
Caribbean Series managers
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Japan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Florence Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Knoxville Blue Jays players
Langosteros de Quintana Roo players
Mayas de Chetumal players
Minor league baseball managers
Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen
Leones de Yucatán players
Tigres del México players
Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players
Sinon Bulls players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Yomiuri Giants players


The Wine & Spirit Education Trust, often referred to as WSET, is a global organisation which arranges courses and exams in the field of wine, spirits and sake. WSET was founded in 1969, is headquartered in London and is generally regarded as one of the world's leading providers of wine education. In 2016, it opened its first international office, WSET Asia Pacific, in Hong Kong in response to high demand for wine and spirit education across Greater China.

History and management
WSET grew out of the Wine and Spirit Trade Association Education Committee and was set up with the financial assistance of the Worshipful Company of Vintners. The management of the WSET reports to a board of trustees made up of 8 members: three from The Worshipful Company of Vintners, three from the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, one from the Worshipful Company of Distillers and another one from the Institute of Masters of Wine.

Courses

The courses given by WSET were originally intended for people in the wine & spirit trade. The WSET programmes have increasingly been attended also by non-professional connoisseurs. The WSET offers professional certification in more than 70 countries worldwide, the courses are delivered by Approved Programme Providers.

WSET Awards in Wines

 Level 1 Award in Wines
 Level 2 Award in Wines
 Level 3 Award in Wines
 Level 4 Diploma in Wines

In the past 50 years, there have been over 10,000 WSET Level 4 Diploma graduates. Those who successfully complete the Diploma are able to use the post-nominal “DipWSET” after their name.

WSET Awards in Spirits

 Level 1 Award in Spirits
 Level 2 Award in Spirits
 Level 3 Award in Spirits

WSET Awards in Sake

 Level 1 Award in Sake
 Level 3 Award in Sake

Notable alumni
Notable DipWSETs include:

 Gerard Basset

 Jancis Robinson

 Jasper Morris

 Lisa Perotti-Brown

See also
 Court of Master Sommeliers
 Master of Wine

References

External links
 Wine & Spirit Education Trust official site
 Wine Business Formation

Education in the London Borough of Southwark
Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Hospitality industry in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the London Borough of Southwark
Organizations established in 1969
Professional titles and certifications
Wine industry organizations
Wine tasting
Wine terminology


Emanuele Francesco Maria dei Principi Ruspoli, 1st Prince of Poggio Suasa (December 30, 1837 – November 29, 1899) was an Italian and a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire who twice served as the mayor of Rome.

Early life
Prince Emanuele, who was born on December 30, 1837, in Rome, was the son of Bartolomeo dei Principi Ruspoli and his wife Donna Carolina Ratti, a member of the Ratti family.

His paternal grandfather was Francesco Ruspoli, 3rd Prince of Cerveteri and second wife Countess Maria Leopoldina von Khevenhüller-Metsch and ancestor of the Line III of the Principi Ruspoli. His great-uncle was Cardinal Bartolomeo Ruspoli.

Career
He was Nobile di Viterbo e di Orvieto, Patrizio Romano and Prince of Holy Roman Empire.

In 1859, Emanuele was volunteer military in the Kingdom of Sardinia and received the Silver Medal of Military Valor. His military grade was officer.

Emanuele was a deputy and senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He was Sindaco of the City of Rome (June 18, 1878 – July 20, 1880 and November 14, 1892  – November 29, 1899).

Personal life

He married firstly in Rome, June 10, 1864 Princess Ecaterina Conachi (Ţigăneşti, Moldavia, April 2, 1829 – of paludism, Genoa, February 22, 1870), a Romanian noblewoman, (former wife of Prince Nicolae Vogoride, Caimacam of Moldavia, and daughter of boyar poet, prose writer and Great Chancellor Costache Conachi and wife Smaranda Negri-Donici), by whom he had five children:

Don Costantino dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, January 14, 1865 – Rome, April 29, 1889), unmarried and without issue.
Eugenio Ruspoli
Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa
Donna Caterina dei Principi Ruspoli (Ţigăneşti, November 15, 1868 – Bern, August 12, 1912), married in Rome, January 8, 1887 Albert, Comte de la Forest-Divonne (Paris, December 18, 1859 – January 11, 1943), by whom she had a son and a daughter:
Donna Margherita dei Principi Ruspoli (Genoa, February 7, 1870 – June 5, 1970), married in Rome, June 6, 1889 Walfredo, Conte della Gherardesca, Conte di Donoratico e Castagneto (1865 – 1932), and had issue. Her mother Caterina, died fifteen days later she was born. Margherita was one of the lady-in-waiting to Queen Elena of Italy. Margherita died when she was over a hundred years old.

Second marriage
He married secondly in Rome, July 14, 1878 Laura Caracciolo dei Principi di Torella, Duchi di Lavello, Marchesi di Bella, daughter of Camillo Caracciolo and wife Countess Anna Ivanovna Loginova, (Turin, September 17, 1854 – of post childbirth complications, Rome, January 16, 1882), by whom he had an only son:

Camillo Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Candriano

Third marriage
He married thirdly in Paris, June 18, 1885 Josephine Mary Beers-Curtis (Paris, January 27, 1861 – 1943), an English American, daughter of Joseph David Beers-Curtis and wife Elizabeth Shipton-Giles, by whom he had three children:

Francesco Alvaro Maria Giorgio Ruspoli, 1st Duke of Morignano

Donna Vittoria Emilia Ipsicratea Agricola dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, December 31, 1892 – Rome, January 13, 1982), married in Rome, December 4, 1912 and divorced in 1930 Roger Richard Charles Henri Étienne de Dampierre, 2nd Duca di San Lorenzo Nuovo and Nobile di Viterbo (Tours, May 9, 1892 – Chaumont-sur-Tharonne, December 14, 1975), and had two daughters and one son.
Don Eugenio Mario Giuseppe Bartolomeo dei Principi Ruspoli (Senigallia, July 26, 1894 – Rome, 1978), married in Collesalvetti, January 22, 1927 Mary Dorothea Du Pré-Labouchère (Paris, February 4, 1884 – in domestic accident, Rome, September 27, 1944).

The prince died of complications of his diabetes on November 29, 1899.

Descendants
Through his daughter Princess Donna Caterina, he was the grandfather of Gilbert, Comte de la Forest-Divonne (Paris, November 4, 1887 – Paris, June 28, 1891), unmarried and without issue, Claire de la Forest-Divonne (Paris, February 11, 1889 – Carquefou, July 14, 1978), married in Livorno, January 15, 1913 Prince Vladimir Mavrocordato, and Gaddo, Conte della Gherardesca (October 10, 1895 – Castagneto Carducci, May 2, 1981), married April 21, 1919 Emilia Poschi-Meuron dei Marchesi Garzoni, and had issue.

Through his daughter, Princess Donna Vittoria, he was the grandfather of Victoire Jeanne Emmanuelle Joséphine Pierre Marie de Dampierre (Rome, November 8, 1913 – Rome, May 3, 2012), married firstly in Rome, March 4, 1935, and divorced in Bucharest, May 6, 1947 (recognized by the Italian courts in Turin, June 3, 1949, but never recognized in Spain, where divorce was forbidden) as her first husband Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, and had issue, and secondly in Vienna, November 21, 1949 Antonio Sozzani, without issue, Richard Roger Emmanuel Étienne Pierre de Dampierre, 3rd and last Duca di San Lorenzo Nuovo (Paris, January 13, 1916 – Fleurance, November 30, 2004), married in Biarritz, July 24, 1937 María de las Mercedes de Pedroso y Sturdza, and had issue, and Yolande Beatrix de Dampierre (Rome, July 12, 1918 – Rome, January 29, 1990), married in Rome, January 19, 1940 Luigi, Conte Miani di Angoris, and had issue.

Through his son, Prince Don Eugenio, he was the grandfather of Donna Francesca dei Principi Ruspoli (Varese, July 24, 1925 – 1992), married in Rome, August 6, 1946, and divorced Giulio, Principe Rocco di Torrepadula (Rome, May 21, 1916 – 1987), and had issue.

Honours
  Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (December 26, 1878)
  Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (September 3, 1893)
  Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy
  Silver Medal of Military Valor (1859)
  Commemorative Medal of the Wars of Italian Independence
  Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy

Cultural and charitable interests

 Vice president of the Club Alpino Italiano (1873)

See also
Ruspoli

References

External links
Emanuele Ruspoli on a genealogical site
Josephine Mary Curtiss' relation to President George Walker Bush
Retratos (by Carlo Emanuele Ruspoli)

1837 births
1899 deaths
Nobility from Rome
Emanuele
Mayors of Rome
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)
Deputies of Legislature XI of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XII of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XIII of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XIV of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XV of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XVI of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XVII of the Kingdom of Italy


was a Japanese writer and activist.

She won the 1973 Ramon Magsaysay Award, among the most prestigious awards in Asia, for publicizing writings about Minamata disease, which was extremely controversial at the time.

Select works
 Paradise in the Sea of Sorrow: Our Minamata Disease (1969) translated into English by Livia Monnet and into German by Ursula Graefe.
 Story of the Sea of Camellias (1976) translated into English by Livia Monnet
 Lake of Heaven (1997) translated into English by Bruce Allen.
 Anima no tori (Birds of Spirit) (1999)
 Shiranui: A Contemporary Noh Drama translated into English by Bruce Allen.

References

External links
 Michiko Ishumure (sic), unesco.org via archive.org. Retrieved 10 February 2018.

1927 births
2018 deaths
Japanese environmentalists
Japanese women environmentalists
Japanese women activists
Japanese non-fiction writers
Japanese women writers
Minamata disease
Ramon Magsaysay Award winners
Writers from Kumamoto Prefecture


Darren Manzella (August 8, 1977 – August 29, 2013) was a United States Army Sergeant, Army medic and gay activist from Portland, New York, who was discharged under the Don't ask, don't tell policy. Manzella served in Iraq and Kuwait, and was stationed in Fort Hood, Texas.

Early life
Manzella grew up on his parents' grape farm in Portland, Chautauqua County, New York, where he attended Brocton Central School.

Controversy
Manzella came out to his commander after rumors of his sexuality surfaced in the form of threats to "turn the flame down." Manzella had at that point told his unit that he was gay and had introduced them to his boyfriend, A.J.

No action was taken against Manzella due to the army's finding no evidence of his homosexuality in its investigation, which included a video provided by Manzella displaying passionate kissing between him and his boyfriend. The investigation concluded that he should return to work and he was told, "You're not gay" and that "proof of homosexuality" had not been found.

During his service, he earned the Combat Medical Badge.

60 Minutes and discharge
Manzella came out on American news program 60 Minutes in 2007, the first openly gay service member on active duty to speak to the press from a war zone. His decision to appear on the show resulted from his opposition to the Don't ask, don't tell policy and his desire to build momentum for ending it. He believed that gays and lesbians should be able to serve openly. He said that due to the 60 Minutes interview he would likely be discharged. He was placed on block leave. He worked with the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network (SLDN), a gay military organization and lobby group.

Manzella was discharged with full benefits in June 2008 for acknowledging that he was gay. The DADT policy was repealed in 2011.

Immediately following the repeal of DADT, Manzella enlisted into the New York Army National Guard and was promoted and awarded for his meritorious service.

In August 2011, Manzella returned to Rochester and began working as a health science specialist for the Department of Veterans Affairs.

He joined the reserves shortly before his death in 2013.

Personal life and death
Manzella married Javier Lapeira in Rochester on July 5, 2013. On August 29, 2013, Manzella was killed when the driver of an SUV hit him as he was in the act of pushing his disabled vehicle off the road in Pittsford, Monroe County, New York.

See also
Sexual orientation and the United States military

References

External links
CNN: Pelin Sidki, "Discharged under 'don't ask, don't tell'," November 10, 2009, accessed May 30, 2013
Chris Johnson, "Army sergeant comes out on CBS '60 Minutes'", January 11, 2008
"Darren Manzella Dead: 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Activist Dies In Traffic Accident", August 30, 2013

1977 births
2013 deaths
People from Chautauqua County, New York
American LGBT rights activists
Manzella, Darren
United States Army soldiers
Combat medics
American military personnel discharged for homosexuality
Road incident deaths in New York (state)
Pedestrian road incident deaths
Activists from New York (state)
Military personnel from New York (state)
21st-century American LGBT people


Otse is a village in the South-East District of Botswana. It is located 60 km south of Gaborone, along the Gaborone–Lobatse road and close to the border with South Africa. This village is home to the Balete people who are related to those in Ramotswa, Gabane and Mogobane. The population was 7,636 in 2011 census.

Geography

Otse is surrounded by hills most notably the ancestral Baratani hill.

Demographics

Attractions
 Three historical site:
Lentswe la Baratani; This is a hill found in Otse village which has a many local legends attached to it. There is a legend about young lovers who went missing on, it is said the two were denied a chance to be together by their parents, but their love was too strong to be separated, one legend says that there is an enormous snake, possibly an African python living in the hill which ate them. Lentswe la Baratani Hill is along the Gaborone-Lobatse road west of Otse village. The Hill is about 42 km from the capital Gaborone and 20 km from Lobatse.
 Segorong
 One Game Reserve:- Manyelanong Game Reserve

Education

Otse has ten day care centres, two primary schools, one junior secondary school, and senior secondary school (Moeding College).

References

South-East District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


Hardwick Court Farm, Hardwick Court when a manor, is a large farm with farmhouse in the west of Chertsey, Surrey, England and was first established during the Saxon period. A Saxon main road to Chertsey once ran through it but is now reduced to just a farm track.

History
Court in the name refers to the Court of the Manor and Hundred Courts were held in the tithe barn which was built in the mid-15th century for Chertsey Abbey, who then owned the farm, to store tithes a form of taxes in kind.  This court was for minor offences or to settle arguments.  Tithings across Chertsey had several evolved names, this one was formerly Lolworth and Rookbury and earliest seen as Hardwitch before settling on Hardwick.  A first reference to it Hardwick, a manor, occurs in 1430 when it was held by the abbey and assigned to William Frowyk to farm.  As an Abbot's asset, the farming tenant was in early years only in receipt of half of the waifs and strays in the land of the manor.

Its land at the time of the abbey's dissolution the underlying title was taken by The Crown, and then or shortly after, was in the tenure of William Cooke, afterwards leased with the manor to Sir William Fitz William in 1550 and afterwards to his widow Joan, who died in 1574; afterwards leased, in 1589, to Richard Lilley, this time without the manor.  Perhaps with this family, at the start of the English Civil War the farm was held by the Royalists who lost the war. The victorious Parliamentarians captured the farm and kept a document listing all of the land owned by Parliament.  Hardwick Court was confiscated and awarded to Robert Boscoes or Bowes, thereafter including the farm and manor of Hardwick.   After the war and temporary government (what was termed 'the Commonwealth') on the Restoration of the Monarchy, the farm was returned to the royal family and was one of many possessions in Surrey and elsewhere presented from King Charles II to his wife.

The farm remained in royal family overall ownership until the Georgian period, when it was sold.

Modern History
During World War II the farm was hit by three Luftwaffe bombs in 1940. One landed on the East side of Cockcrow Hill, leaving a crater that was not filled-in until late 2019. Another hit one end of the farmhouse and destroyed the kitchen, part of the dining room, a bedroom and part of the attic. The house survived and but was not rebuilt in its original form and size. A third bomb damaged the South end of the tithe barn which was later repaired.

In 1963 the farm came up for sale and was bought by veterinarian Dr Carl Boyde. The farm was divided up and a portion of the farm had an impressive miniature railway built on it called 'the Great Cockcrow Railway', which opened in 1968 and survives to this day. A leading local historian, the late Bernard Pardoe, researched the history of the farm in detail (and apparently published his findings circa 1964) and journalist Howard Johnson also featured the history of the farm in an unidentified local newspaper in the 1980s.

A fire broke out at the south end in 1978 but the damage was repaired and this example of medieval building remains in agricultural use today.

During the 1970s the farm was reduced in size, similarly to its earlier loss on land on earlier sales, when the M25 motorway was routed through two of its fields and separated the farm from Chertsey, though a tunnel bridge exists to the southeast of the farm allowing the A320 to access Chertsey.

In 2007 the farm was at the front line in the fight against foot and mouth disease as it was only three hundred yards away from where hundreds of cattle had to be killed.

Architecture
While the farmhouse has been rebuilt several times, the barn is a rare survivor of its kind, was listed in 1952 and was dated in 2009 by the University of London using dendrochronology to 1445.

Hardwick Court farmhouse dates to the 16th century (Tudor period) with substantial other parts 17th century, with two great gables, three chimneys, made of red brick.  Mullion transom (architecture) windows form some of the windows and the right hand portion of the house damaged by enemy action and was rebuilt on rather different lines from the original.

Neighbouring site
Miniature railway, Great Cockcrow Railway is adjoining the farm.

Notes and references
Notes

References

Buildings and structures in Surrey
Farms in Surrey


The Slovak Cuvac is a Slovak breed of dog, bred for use as a livestock guard dog. This breed—also known as Slovensky Cuvac, Slovak Chuvach, Tatransky Cuvac and Slovensky Kuvac—is closely related to the Hungarian Kuvasz. The alternate German and English spelling Tchouvatch reflects the pronunciation: chew-votch( čuvati - in serbocroatian language  - guarding) . The breed is recognised under sponsorship from Slovakia by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale with the name Slovenský čuvač. Despite the multiple renderings in English, these refer to only one breed. The United Kennel Club in the US uses the English version of the name Slovak Cuvac.

History
A good watchdog, guard, shepherd and companion, the dog proved itself also in watching cattle, turkeys, and other domestic animals – as well as its master's household. Holiday makers and visitors to the mountains and spas took to this breed and began to carry it to the lowlands. The Slovensky Cuvac is used on sheep farms and mountain ridges as well as homes and frontiers. He is boundlessly loyal and stout hearted. He resists every enemy – bears and wolves included. According to the time honored shepherd's tradition, he is always bred in white to be discernible from the beasts of the night.

This breed has been well documented as far back as the 17th century. However, as wolves slowly began to disappear from European mountains and modern herding practices were instituted, the Cuvac was faced with the prospect of being seen as a relic of the past. What few specimens were left in the 1950s were bred carelessly. Credit for reviving the breed and fixing characteristics is due Dr. Antonin Hruza, in cooperation with the veterinary school of Brno.

The registered breeding of the Slovensky Cuvac was established in Czechoslovakia by Professor Antonin Hruza from the Veterinary Faculty in Brno on June 4, 1929. The Club of the Breeders of Slovak Cuvac was established in 1933 and a written standard was established and approved in 1964 Dr. V. Kurz). The basic breeding material came from the vicinity of Liptovska Luzna, Kokava and Vychodna as well as from Rachov in the Carpathians.

Description
The body of Slovak Cuvac is slightly longer than higher. Strong and straight ridge goes – way to lower back – a little bit sloped. Strong square butt is slightly sloped, too. The low-placed tail is worn hanging, reaching hock joints. Chest reaching to elbow joint and chest's width can compared to circa one quarter of scapula's height. Ribs are well rounded and achieving long back. Belly and flanks are slightly pulled. Long scapulas are slant laid. The Slovak Cuvac has straight legs placed vertically to his body and well angled. The front paws are compact, rounded. The back paws are a little bit longer. The neck is as long as head.

The wide and elongated skull is a little bit arched, but the top of the head is flat. With side view are straight line of top of the head and straight line of nose's ridge parallel. The stop is well apparent. The supra-orbital arcs are marked, the frontal groove is flat. The wide and heavy mouth is slightly narrowed to top of the nose and is a little bit shorter than the skull. The lips fit tightly. The ears are placed high, reclined and fitted tightly to the head. The ear points are rounded. The eyes are oval shaped with caps fitting closely, straight placed at the head. The Cuvac has scissors occlusion.

The fur is dense and rich, centre parting at the ridge is not allowed. Covering hair, which is constituted by hair with 5–15 cm length, completely covers the shorter, dense and soft undercoat. Male dogs have collar around the neck. The fur is pure white. A yellowish tinge by ears is permissible, but not desirable. The eyes are brown. Muzzle, lips edges and eyelids, like the paw pads, are black.

Appearance
The breed is an animal of imposing stature. It has a large head, half of which is taken up by the nasal canal. It has strong jaws, with a scissors bite. The oval-shaped eyes are dark and lively. The ears are long and hanging while carried on the sides of the head. The tail is thickly furred, and it hangs down when the dog is at rest. The coat is completely white, and the hair can be as much as  long.

Height and weight
The height for males can be as much as , while females at the most are  in height. The weight for males ranges 77 - 99 pounds and the weight for females is 66 - 88 pounds.

Temperament
The dog is known for its hardy constitution, sturdy frame and shaggy white coat. Its frame is massive, and his temperament is naturally lively, watchful, undaunted and alert. These dogs thrive best in an environment of a large family, children and livestock to care for. Farms and ranches make the best homes. These dogs are natural guard dogs. They are gentle and loyal with their family and possessions.

Care
Regular grooming keeps the white coat clean and attractive, and furniture free of white "mohair". The annual shed of dense underwool requires vigorous brushing and bathing sessions in the Spring.

See also
 Dogs portal
 List of dog breeds

References

Simon and Schuster's Guide to Dogs

External links

FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in Slovakia
Livestock guardian dogs


The Prairies Ecozone is a Canadian terrestrial ecozone which spans the southern areas of the Prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. It is a productive agricultural area, and is commonly referred to as "Canada's breadbasket". Farmland covers about 94% of the land, and is the dominant domestic economic activity of the zone, as well as an important factor in Canadian foreign trade. Natural gas and oil are abundant in the area.  The corresponding Level II ecoregion of the US Environmental Protection Agency is the Great Plains Ecoregion.

Geography
Following Alberta's border with British Columbia, this ecozone is adjacent to the Montane Cordillera on the west. The two zones are bifurcated by the Boreal Plains about 70 kilometres southwest of Calgary, which also wraps around the remaining extent of the zone north of the United States border toward the Red River Valley. It is part of the Interior Plains, the Canadian extension of the Great Plains, and covers approximately 520,000 square kilometres of land and water.

Establishment of the agricultural industry has had a significant effect on the land, which now retains "little of the natural vegetation" it had before the area was settled. Fewer than half of the original wetlands in the region remain, though during years of high precipitation, numerous ephemeral wetlands may form, typically for very short periods of time. Characterised by vast tracts of flat and rolling plains, it nonetheless exhibits a variety of relief, including hummocky lands and deep river valleys.

The ecozone transformed into a relatively treeless grassland following the last glacial retreat from 11,000 to 8,000 years ago. The strata of sedimentary rock are from the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, and contain "isolated pockets and cracks [with] rich reservoirs of oil and gas".

Ecoprovinces
This ecozone can be further subdivided into three ecoprovinces:
Central Grassland
Eastern Prairies
Parkland Prairies

Climate
Because of its location east of the Rocky Mountains, the Prairies ecozone can be semi-arid in some areas, annual precipitation generally increases farther east in the ecozone from  in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan to  in parts of Manitoba, as well humidity increases eastward through this zone. Winters are cold, due to the lack of a major body of water, and summers are warm, means can very and tend to be colder eastward due to the lack of a major body of water, and warmer in summer. due to the lack of a major body of water. Winters averages around , and summers around .

Demographics

Despite the predominance of farming, less than 10% of the population is involved in agriculture. It is a highly urbanized area, with all major population centres of these provinces located in this ecozone. These include Edmonton, Calgary, Regina, Saskatoon and Winnipeg, as well as Brandon, Moose Jaw, Red Deer and Lethbridge. Nearly 80% of the region's four million human inhabitants live in these and other urban areas.

Conservation
A number of protected areas have been established to protect representative and/or significant portions of this ecozone. These include Elk Island National Park, Grasslands National Park, and Turtle Mountain Provincial Park.

See also
Northern short grasslands

References

Ecozones of Canada
Ecozones and ecoregions of Alberta
Ecozones and ecoregions of Manitoba
Ecozones and ecoregions of Saskatchewan
Canadian Prairies


Acobamba or Aqupampa (Quechua aqu sand, pampa large plain, "sand plain") is a district in the middle of Tarma Province in Peru. It is bordered by districts of Tarma, La Unión  and Palcamayo on the west, Huasahuasi District on the north, districts of Palca and Tapo on the east, and  districts of Tapo and Tarma on the south.

See also
 Rumi Pukyu
 Wayunkayuq
 Yana Urqu

External links
  Official municipal website
  Tarma Tour (Archived 2009-10-24)


was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, He called 'Saemon no kami'. he was a third son of Shimazu Takahisa, who served as a general officer and senior retainer of the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province.

Toshihisa was known as a rare 'resourceful general', He was in a key position to determine the policies of Shimazu's army as a general officer responsible for war strategies.
He was fought in the Siege of Takabaru (1576), Battle of Mimigawa (1578), Siege of Minamata Castle (1581) during Shimazu clan campaign to conquer Kyūshū and also the commander of Shimazu clan against Toyotomi Hideyoshi, when Hideyoshi invaded Kyushu (1587). He didn't surrender to Hideyoshi and kept on fighting even after his brother Yoshihisa surrendered.

Later in 1592, at the time of uprising against Hideyoshi, the incident at Taihei-ji Temple was raised as an issue; this led Hideyoshi to issue an order to track down and kill Toshihisa which made him commit suicide by seppuku at Ryugamizu. After his death, a legitimate son of his adopted son, Shimazu Tadachika, Tsunehisa, inherited his position.

References

Samurai
1537 births
1592 deaths
Shimazu clan
Deified Japanese people
People from Kagoshima Prefecture


Cullingford Field  was an airstrip owned and operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service near Boquerón in the municipality of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Located within the Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge, it was used exclusively by Fish and Wildlife personnel.

Google Earth Historical Imagery (3/27/2004) shows an east-west  grass runway with a Quonset hangar midfield. The (10/31/2006) image shows the runway area divided into unfenced plots and being cultivated. By 2009 the runway had been returned to grass and usability. The (10/24/2010) image shows the runway usable, but the hangar being demolished. By (12/3/2011) the hangar is gone and brush is growing on the runway. Current imagery (11/29/2017) shows the airfield returned to nature.

See also

Transport in Puerto Rico
List of airports in Puerto Rico

References

External links
OpenStreetMap - Cullingford Field

Defunct airports in Puerto Rico
Airports in Puerto Rico
Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico


The Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto-Ripatransone-Montalto () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Marche. It has existed in its current form since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Montalto was united into the Diocese of Ripatransone-San Benedetto del Tronto, which was the renamed historical Diocese of Ripatransone (as of 1983). The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto-Ripatransone-Montalto has been a suffragan see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fermo since 1680.

History
Ripatransone is on a hill called Cuprae Mons ("Mountain of Cupra", an ancient deity of the pre-Roman inhabitants), and was a Picene settlement. The origin of the modern name has been disputed; it comes probably from Ripa Trasonis, "Hill of Traso", from the name of the first feudal lord. The castle was erected there in the early Middle Ages, and enlarged later by the bishops of Fermo, who had several conflicts with the people.

Creation of the diocese
On 1 August 1571, in the bull "Illius Fulciti", Pope Pius V raised the castle town of Ripatransone to the status of a city (civitas) and made it an episcopal see, including in its jurisdiction small portions of the surrounding diocese of Fermo, diocese of Ascoli Piceno, diocese of Teramo, and the independent Benedictine monastery of Campo Fellonis. The parish church of S. Benigno was raised to the status of a cathedral. The Pope decreed that it should have a cathedral Chapter, composed of two dignities (the Archpriest and the Archdeacon) and twelve Canons. The archpriest was to act as pastor of the cathedral parish.

In the same document, the Pope ordered that the new city of Ripatransone should have four parishes: one at the cathedral for the district of Agello, the church of S. Angelo de Rofflano for the district of S. Domenico; Ss. Nicholas, Rusticus and Eleutherius for the monte antiquo; and Ss. Gregory and Margarita for the caput montis. The three parish churches were to be prebends of three Canons, who would administer them through vicars.

On 3 October 1571, Pope Pius named as its first bishop Lucio Sassi, who became a cardinal more than twenty years later.

Diocesan synods

A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

A diocesan synod was held in Ripatransone by Bishop Filippo Sega (1575–1578) in 1576; the acts of the synod were published at Macerata in 1577. There is reference to a synod held in Ripatransone on 30 July 1616, which would have been summoned by Bishop Sebastiano Poggi (1607–1620).  Bishop Niccolò Orsini presided over a diocesan synod on 26–27 October 1642, and held his second diocesan synod in 1648. On 1 May 1689, Bishop Giovan Giorgio Mainardi (1680–1693) held a diocesan synod. Bishop Pietro Alessandro Procaccini (1695–1704) held a diocesan synod in 1699.

Bishop Francesco Andrea Correa presided over a diocesan synod at Ripatransone on 18 September 1729. In c. 1741, Bishop Giacomo Costa, C.R. (1739–1747) held a diocesan synod.

On 19–21 October 1885, Giuseppe Ceppetelli (1882–1890) presided over a diocesan synod in Ripatransone.

Bishop Lorenzo Azzolini (1620–1632) established the diocesan seminary in 1623.

The diocese, at first directly subject to the Holy See, has been a suffragan see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fermo since 1680.

Restructuring
In a bull of 18 December 1924, Pope Pius XI united the Diocese of Ripatransone with the diocese of Montalto ad personam episcopi. He appointed Luigi Ferri as Bishop of Ripatransone with Montalto, and ordered a change in the title of the bishop to Episcopus Montis alti et Ripanus. In 1980, the diocese of Montalto had a population of only 31,500 persons.

The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), in order to ensure that all Catholics received proper spiritual attention, decreed the reorganization of the diocesan structure of Italy and the consolidation of small and struggling dioceses. It also recommended the abolition of anomalous units such as exempt territorial prelatures. These considerations applied to Montalto and to Ripatransone as the population migrated in the post-war period to jobs on the coast at San Benedetto.

On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, was abolished. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese. On 30 September 1986, Pope John Paul II ordered that the dioceses of Ripatransone and Montalto be merged into one diocese with one bishop, with the Latin title Dioecesis Sancti Benedicti ad Truentum-Ripana-Montis Alti. The seat of the diocese was to be in San Benedetto del Tronto, and the church of S. Maria della Marina was to serve as the cathedral of the merged dioceses. The cathedrals in Ripatransone and Montalto were to become co-cathedrals, and the cathedral Chapters were each to be a Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one diocesan Tribunal, in San Benedetto del Tronto, and likewise one seminary, one College of Consultors, and one Priests' Council. The territory of the new diocese was to include the territory of the former dioceses of Montalto and Ripatransone.

As of July 2015, the number of Canons of the cathedral chapter was fixed at eight, including the Vicar General of the diocese, the Canon Penitentiary, the Canon Theologus, and the Exorcist. Three of these are considered dignities: the Archpriest of the cathedral, the Penitentiary, and the Theologus.

Bishops

Diocese of Ripatransone

Lucio Sassi (1571–1575 Resigned)
Filippo Sega (1575–1578)
Niccolò Aragonio (Aragona) (1578–1579)
Troilo Boncompagni (1579–1582)
Gaspare Silingardi (1582–1591 Resigned)
Pompeo de Nobili (1591–1607)
Sebastiano Poggi (1607–1620 Resigned)
Lorenzo Azzolini (1620–1632)
Sede vacante (1632–1634)
Francesco Vitelli, titular Archbishop of Thessalonica. Administrator
Antonio Arrigoni, O.F.M. Obs. (1634–1636)
Niccolò Orsini (1636–1653 Died)
Ulisse Orsini (1654–1679 Died)
Giovan Giorgio Mainardi (1680–1693)
Francesco Azzolini (1694)
Pietro Alessandro Procaccini (1695–1704)
Giosafatte (Giosafat) Battistelli (1705–1717)
Gregorio Lauri (1717–1726)
Francesco Andrea Correa, Sch. P. (1726–1738)
Giacomo Costa, C.R. (1739–1747)
Luca Niccolò Recchi (1747–1765)
Bartolomeo Bitozzi (1765–1779)
Bartolomeo Bacher (1779–1813)
Michelangelo Calmet (1816–1817)
Ignazio Ranaldi, C.O. (1818–1819 Appointed, Archbishop of Urbino)
Sede vacante (1818–1824)
Filippo Monacelli (1824–1828)
Sede vacante (1828–1830)
Luigi Canestrari, Bishop of Montalto, Administrator
Filippo Appignanesi (1830–1837)
Sede vacante (1837–1842)
Luigi Canestrari, Bishop of Montalto, Administrator
Martino Caliendi (1842–1845)
Giovanni Carlo Gentili (1845–1847)
Camillo de' Marchesi Bisleti (1847–1854)
Fidelis Bufarini (1854–1860)
Alessandro Paolo Spoglia (1860–1867)
Francesco Alessandrini (1871–1881)
Giuseppe Ceppetelli (Cepetelli) (1882–1890)
Giacinto Nicolai (1890–1899 Resigned)
Raniero Sarnari (1900–1902)
Luigi Boschi (1902–1924)
Luigi Ferri (1924–1946 Retired)
Pietro Ossola (1946–1951 Resigned)
Vincenzo Radicioni (1951–1983 Retired)

Diocese of Ripatransone-San Benedetto del Tronto
Name Changed: 7 April 1983
Latin Name: Ripana-Sancti Benedicti ad Truentum

Giuseppe Chiaretti (1983–1995)

Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto-Ripatransone-Montalto
United 30 September 1986 with the Diocese of Montalto delle MarcheLatin Name: Sancti Benedicti ad Truentum-Ripana-Montis Alti''

Gervasio Gestori (1996–2013 Retired)
Carlo Bresciani (2013–)

Co-cathedrals

Notes and references

Books
 p. 723.

Studies

San Benedetto
Diocese
Religious organizations established in the 1570s
San Benedetto


Travis Mulraine (born 2 May 1977) is a Trinidad and Tobago football coach and former player.

Early and personal life
Born in Laventille, Mulraine attended Queen's Royal College.

Club career
Mulraine played as a midfielder for Joe Public, San Jose Earthquakes, D.C. United, W Connection, San Juan Jabloteh, Caledonia AIA and Fredericksburg Hotspur.

In 2000 he was drafted by the San Jose Earthquakes in the first round of the 2000 Major League Soccer SuperDraft as the 8th overall pick. After being released by San Jose Earthquakes on 13 March 2001 he signed for D.C. United the next day. He was waived 14 days later in a pre-season roster reduction.

In November 2001 he underwent a 5-day trial with German club Union Berlin. He initially retired from football after the 2008 season, before returning to former club San Juan Jabloteh in July 2009, taking up a role as a player-coach, before becoming player-coach at Caledonia AIA in February 2010. In 2012 he became a player-coach at Fredericksburg Hotspur.

International career
He earned 22 caps for the Trinidad and Tobago national team between 1995 and 2005. In November 2002 he became captain of the national team.

Coaching career
In May 2009 he began training as a coach. He began as a player-coach at San Juan Jabloteh later that year, becoming player-coach at Caledonia AIA in February 2010. In 2012 he became a player-coach at Fredericksburg Hotspur. He later managed Matura Reunited, resigning in September 2018.

References

1977 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago men's international footballers
Joe Public F.C. players
San Jose Earthquakes players
San Jose Earthquakes draft picks
D.C. United players
W Connection F.C. players
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. players
Morvant Caledonia United players
Fredericksburg Hotspur players
TT Pro League players
Major League Soccer players
USL League Two players
Men's association football midfielders
Trinidad and Tobago expatriate men's footballers
Trinidad and Tobago expatriates in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Trinidad and Tobago football managers
Alumni of Queen's Royal College, Trinidad


The Phantom Fortune is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by Robert F. Hill. It is thought to be lost.

Cast
 William Desmond as Larry Barclay
 Esther Ralston as Mary Rogers
 Lewis Sargent as Speck O'Dawn
 Harry De Vere as Graham Alexander
 George Webb as Alexander Owens
 Cathleen Calhoun as Nadine Hamilton
 Al Hart as The Flame (as Albert Hart)
 Dick Sutherland as The Ox
 George Nichols
 Jack Henderson
 Pat Harmon
 Tony West
 Alfred Hollingsworth

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio
 List of lost films

References

External links

1923 films
1923 lost films
1923 Western (genre) films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Robert F. Hill
Lost American Western (genre) films
Silent American Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures film serials
1920s American films


The  Diocese of Girona () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Girona in the Ecclesiastical province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain.

History
The first historical mention of a Christian diocese in Girona is in a paper for Pope Innocent I in 397–400. On 18 June, 517, a synod convened here was attended by the Archbishop of Tarragona and six bishops; canons were promulgated dealing with the recitation of the Divine Office, infant baptism and the celibacy of the clergy.

About 885 Bishop Ingobert of Urgell was expelled from his see by the intruder Selva, who, under the protection of the Count of Urgell, was consecrated in Gascony. This usurper also unlawfully placed Hermemiro over the see of Girona. In 892 a synod was held in the Church of Santa Maria in Urgell; the two usurpers were deposed, their vestments rent, their crosiers broken over their heads, and they were deprived of their sacerdotal faculties.

A council held in Lleida in 1246 absolved James I of Aragon from the sacrilege of cutting out the tongue of the Bishop of Girona. Another synod at Girona in 1078 affirmed the nullity of simoniacal ordinations.

Honoured with papal prerogatives relating to the pilgrim routes to Santiago de Compostela, the Church of Le Puy assumed a sort of informal primacy in respect to most of the Churches of France, and even of Christendom, manifesting itself practically in a 'right to beg', established with the authorization of the Holy See, in virtue of which the chapter of Le Puy levied a veritable tax upon almost all the Christian countries to support its hospital of Notre-Dame. In Catalonia this droit de quête, recognized by Spanish Crown, was so thoroughly established that the chapter had its collectors permanently installed in that country.

A famous "fraternity" existed between the chapter of Le Puy and that of Girona in Catalonia. The earliest document in which it is mentioned dates only from 1470, and it involves that at this date the chapter of Girona, in order to escape the financial thraldom which bound it, like many Catalan Churches, to the chapter of Le Puy, alleged its "fraternity" involving its equality—with the Church of Le Puy. In 1479 and in 1481 Pierre Bouvier, a canon of Le Puy, came to Girona, where the canons invoked against him a legend according to which Charlemagne had taken Girona, rebuilt its cathedral, given it a canon of Le Puy for a bishop, and established a fraternity between chapters of Girona and Le Puy. Based on this legend they appealed to the liturgical Office which they chanted for the feast of Charlemagne—an Office, dating from 1345, but in which they had recently inserted these tales of the Church of LePuy. In 1484 Sixtus IV prohibited the use of this Office, whereupon there appeared at Girona the "Tractatus de captione Gerunde", reaffirming the Girona legend about the fraternity with Le Puy.

Down to the last days of the old regime the two chapters frequently exchanged courtesies; canons of Le Puy passing through Girona and canons of Girona passing through Le Puy enjoyed special privileges. In 1883 the removal by the Bishop of Girona of the statue of Charlemagne from that cathedral marked the definitive collapse of the whole fabric of legends out of which the hermandad (brotherhood) between Le Puy and Girona had grown.

On April 10, 1992 the diocese was renamed as Diocese of Girona.

Special churches
Minor Basilicas:
Basílica de Santa Maria, Castelló d’Empúries, Catalonia
Basílica de Sant Feliu, Girona, Catalonia

Leadership
 Bishops of Girona (Roman rite)
 Miró Bonfill (970–984 Died)
. . .
Berenguer de Llers (1147–1160 Died)
. . .
Gilberto Cruilles (1334–1335 Died)
. . .
Berenguer Cruilles (1348–1362 Died)
Íñigo Vallterra Sánchez de Heredia (1362–1369 Appointed, Bishop of Segorbe-Albarracin)
. . .
Berenguer de Anglesola (1384–1408 Died)
. . .
Dalmacio del Mur (1415–1419 Appointed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
. . .
Rodrigo de Borja (1457–1458 Appointed, Administrator of Valencia)
Cosme de Montserrat (1458–1459 Appointed, Bishop of Vic)
Jaume Francesco de Cardona i de Aragón (1459–1461 Appointed, Bishop of Urgell)
Juan Margarit i Pau (1461–1484 Died)
Berenguer de Pau (1486–1506 Died)
Juan de Espés (1507–1508 Resigned)
Guillermo Raimundo Boil, O.S.H. (1508–1532 Died)
Juan Margarit (bishop) (1534–1554 Died)
Gonzalo Arias Gallego (1556–1565 Appointed, Bishop of Cartagena (en España))
Pedro Carlos, O.S. (1565–1572 Died)
Benito Tocco, O.S.B. (1572–1583 Appointed, Bishop of Lerida)
Jaime Casador (1583–1597 Died)
Francisco Arévalo de Zuaco (1598–1611 Died)
Onofre Reart (1611–1621 Resigned)
Pedro Moncada (1620–1621 Died)
Francesc Senjust, O.S.B. (1622–1627 Died)
García Gil Manrique (1627–1633 Appointed, Bishop of Barcelona)
Gregorio Parcero de Castro, O.S.B. (1633–1655 Appointed, Bishop of Tortosa)
Bernardo Cardona (1656–1658 Died)
Francisco Pijoan (1659–1660 Died)
José Fageda, O.S.H. (1660–1664 Appointed, Bishop of Tortosa)
José Ninot y Bardera (1664–1668 Appointed, Bishop of Lerida)
Alonso Francisco Dou (1668–1673 Died)
Alfonso de Balmaseda, O.S.A. (1673–1679 Confirmed, Bishop of Zamora)
Severo Tomás Auter, O.P. (1679–1686 Confirmed, Bishop of Tortosa)
Miguel Pontich, O.F.M. (1686–1699 Died)
Miguel Juan de Taverner y Rubí (1699–1720 Appointed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
José Taberner (Taverner) Dárdena (1720–1726 Died)
Pedro Copóns Copóns (1726–1728 Appointed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
Baltasar Bastero Lladó (1728–1745 Resigned)
Lorenzo Taranco Mujaurrieta (1745–1756 Died)
Manuel Antonio Palmero y Rallo (1756–1774 Died)
Tomás Lorenzana Butrón (1775–1796 Died)
Santiago Pérez Arenillas (1796–1797 Died)
Juan Agapito Ramírez Arellano (1798–1810 Died)
Pedro Valero (1815–1815 Died)
Antonio Allué y Sesse (1817–1818 Resigned)
Juan Miguel Pérez González (1819–1824 Died)
Dionisio Castaño y Bermúdez (1825–1834 Died)
Florencio Llorente y Montón (1847–1862 Died)
Constantino Bonet y Zanuy (1862–1875 Confirmed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
Isidoro Valls y Pascual (1875–1877 Died)
Tomás Sivilla y Gener (1877–1906 Died)
Francisco de Pol y Baralt (1906–1914 Died)
Francisco de Paula Mas y Oliver (1915–1920 Died)
Gabriel Llompart y Jaume Santandreu (1922–1925 Appointed, Bishop of Mallorca)
José Vila y Martínez (1925–1932 Died)
José Cartaña y Inglés (1933–1963 Died)
Narciso Jubany Arnau (1964–1971 Appointed, Bishop of Barcelona)
Jaume Camprodon i Rovira (1973–2001 Retired)
Carles Soler Perdigó (2001–2008 Retired)
Francisco Pardo Artigas (2008–2022 Died)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Spain

References

Sources
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Dioceses established in the 4th century
Girona


Arborescence refers to any tree-like structure. It may also refer to:

 Arborescence (graph theory)
 Arborescence (album), a 1994 album by Ozric Tentacles
 Arborescence, a 2013 album by Aaron Parks


The First Baptist Church is a historic church building in Muskogee, Oklahoma. The church was built in 1903 and was the first church building for the African-American population of Muskogee County. It was built in a Romanesque Revival style. It features two asymmetrical, crenelated towers and a steeply pitched gabled roof. The build is clad in two types of red brick. The two types of brick are separated by a rusticated limestone belt course. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for architectural significance and for its importance in local African-American history.

First Baptist "evolved from a mission school founded in 1877 for blacks and Indians".  It is one of four churches included in the Black Protestant Churches of Muskogee Theme Resource study.

Muskogee had a "thriving" black community with a business district of "several retail stores, physicians and attorneys offices, a black-owned bank, and a black newspaper, the Muskogee Cimeter."  The population included 7,831 blacks in 1910 (31% of the total Muskogee population).

References

Oklahoma State Historical Preservation Office entry

External links
 Official page

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Muskogee, Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Muskogee County, Oklahoma


Liquidation (2007) (, Likvidatsiya) is a highly popular Russian television series, which parallels the famous The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed with notable ethical shift. In the "Meeting Place", chief of criminal investigations Gleb Zheglov (played by Vladimir Vysotskiy) had a modus operandi "Thief must go to prison, no matter how I put him there" (and uses planted evidence to do so).

In Liquidation, chief of criminal investigations David Gottsman's (played by Vladimir Mashkov) motto has changed to "Thief must go to prison, but lawfully so".
The stars of the film include famous Russian actors such as Vladimir Mashkov and Konstantin Lavronenko (The Return, The Banishment). Sergei Makovetsky had to replace Andrey Krasko, who died of a heart attack during filming.

Plot summary
The year is 1946. World War II is over, but it doesn't mean that there is no one to fight with. The post-war city of Odessa is ruled by serial killer prison-escapees and former Nazi collaborators. Fallen into disfavor, Marshal Zhukov is sent to Odessa by Joseph Stalin to handle the situation. Together with the head of the local criminal investigation unit, David Gottsman, Zhoukov begins a special operation cleanup post-war Odessa from crime.

Episode 1
Marshal Zhukov, the newly appointed head of the Odessa Military District, arrives in the city, and Odessa's leaders immediately begin to feel the iron grip of the Marshal of Victory. During the night before his arrival, the Criminal Investigation Unit manages to arrest members of Sam "Goosey"’s gang. Running the operation was Lt. Colonel David Gottsman, the head of the Criminal Investigation Unit for the battle against banditry. All of Gottsman’s family and close friends perished during the war. Only his two childhood friends remain – shell-shocked pilot Mark, and Yefim Petrov, ex-pickpocket who became Gottsman’s willing assistant. It was Yefim who "talked" "Goosey" into showing the place where his gang hid their stolen goods. Near this place, in the ruins, Yefim, with the help of homeless boy Mishka "Crucian", finds a deposit of thousand sets of military uniform. Gottsman gives the news to the Military Command, but Prosecutor Naimov declines to investigate, stating that he is busy. And at night, the now guarded deposit sees the arrival of an unknown truck...

Episode 2
At night, the now guarded deposit sees the arrival of a truck with an unknown Captain. The guards are shot, and the military goods stolen. Chasing the truck proves fruitless. The bandits set fire to the truck and run it off a cliff. One bandit named Eva Radzakis is killed; the rest escape. It is discovered that Yefim hid several sets of the uniform at his home prior to the raid by the bandits. Using his contacts in the underworld of Odessa, Yefim, through the labels on the uniforms, is able to find out the warehouse they were stolen from. He even obtains a fake bill of goods that the bandits used to transport the goods, and brings it to Rodya, a counterfeiter. Rodya tells Yefim that it was not done by him and he can't help him.

Episode 3
The case of the stolen military goods takes a tragic turn of events – Yefim is murdered. Yefim was David Gottsman's close friend and actively aided the investigation. There are almost no leads anywhere in the case, so Gottsman requests a meeting of the gang leaders of Odessa through Uncle Yeshta, kingpin in underworld who happens to live in his home. He asks them to find the man with the captain's uniform and with a scar at his left temple, who turned up several times in the investigation. Respect for Gottsman in the city is such that the thieves agree to help. They discovered that this person is "Chekan", a bandit who appeared in Odessa before the war. It is also discovered that a certain “Academic” is behind the murders and robberies. Only a contrabandist, nicknamed "Greying Greek", knows of "Academic". However, "Greying Greek"’s arrest is to be postponed, as Gottsman’s group is unexpectedly ordered to guard Marshal Zhukov, who is outside in the city. In the crowd surrounding Zhukov, Gottsman once again bumps into Mishka Crucian, who picks Zhukov’s watch in plain sight of everyone without anyone but Gottsman noticing.

Episode 4
The case of the stolen uniforms continues grow, but all leads seem to get cut off – the goods were burnt in the truck, Yefim was found murdered, "Greying Greek" was finally arrested, but was shot dead during his transport to the station. The only real discovery was that the operations were led by "Chekan", and that the mastermind behind them was some secret “Academic”. At night, "Chekan"’s gang attempt to take away weapons from a military depot, but are caught by password checks put in place by the city’s Military Quartermaster, Vorobyov. The bandits escape with a firefight, and in two hours, Quartermaster Vorobyov is found murdered. According to doctor Arsenin, the murderers wanted to imitate a suicide. Due to the difficulty of the case, Gottsman’s group is strengthened with another member – Prosecutor’s Assistant Major Vitaliy Krechetov. Simultaneously, the Counterintelligence Unit discovers that "Chekan" was educated at a German intelligence school, where he met a top-secret agent nicknamed “Academic”, but no-one questioned has seen the “Academic” face to face. During an attempt to arrest "Chekan", two Counterintelligence officers are killed, and "Chekan" escapes. Chekan's girlfriend, Ida, convinces him to run away with the contrabandists to Turkey, but this does not fit in with the “Academic’s” plans...

Episode 5
When "Chekan" attempts to leave Odessa, his assistant, Tolya "Zhivchik", informs seemingly leader "Shtekhel" of it and Ida is taken prisoner while "Chekan" is given a new task – selling criminals TT pistols. As a result of the new weapons, Odessa is once again drowned in a wave of murders and robberies. Within several days, Gottsman discovers through sharper Alex "Know nothing" that the weapons are passing through "Chekan". He tells Gottsman the location and time of the next delivery of weapons. An ambush is planned, but "Chekan" doesn't come to the meeting. It becomes evident that an informant is working within the ranks of the Criminal Investigation Unit. Major Dovjik, of the CIU, finds a chance to place a rat in the gang – arrested bandit Sam "Goosey". However, Gottsman himself is arrested by the MGB, after heated argument with Marshal Zhukov during a conference, and been sent out by the Marshal. Within an hour, a case of an anti-Soviet plot is fabricated against Gottsman.

Episode 6
Marshal Zhukov doesn't forget the shrewd head of the CI Unit. He orders closure of "anti-Soviet" case, and release of Gottsman. It seems that everything bad is in the past. Gottsman adopts ex-homeless boy and pickpocket Mishka "Crucian" who is now a pupil of a boarding school for gifted children. All-loved singer Leonid Utyosov arrives for a single concert in Odessa. The whole city turns up for the show, and, as a sign of respect, entire underworld announces a "non-working" day for all criminals and even catch and beat up those who decide to pickpocket during concert. It turns out that Utyosov's unexpected arrival is part of Marshal Zhukov's plan. The concert is unexpectedly interrupted, and the leaders of Odessa gangs are arrested. The Military Counter Intelligence Unit MGB is behind the operation, but "Chekan"’s gang was preparing as well. The “Academic”, obviously knowing of Zhukov's operation, decides to make use of the Marshal's mistake. When riots in Odessa begin, "Chekan" sends his gang, together with the rioters, to military weapons caches...

Episode 7
Zhukov's blunder leads to unexpected results – the arrest of Odessa's gang leaders leads to mass riots. Weapons caches are robbed, and a fresh wave of banditry descends upon Odessa. Through Sam "Goosey", the CI Unit discovers where "Chekan" is hiding, but counterfeiter Rodya interrupts the arrest. "Chekan" escapes once again, and Rodya is taken to the station. During the interrogation, a call, apparently from Major Dovjik who stayed at the arrest site, comes through, requesting that Gottsman come at once. Rodya is locked in an iron closet, at Gottsman's request. When Gottsman and Krechetov return, Rodya is found strangled with a necklace cord. David Gottsman figures out his killer, Army Guard Luzhov. It becomes obvious that Luzhov wasn't acting alone, and that the accomplice is close by. During an escape attempt, Luzhov is shot dead by Gottsman's assistant Captain Yakimenko.

Episode 8
After several troublesome days, Marshal Zhukov realises that it is necessary to take extreme measures. Gottsman recommends immediately releasing Odessa's thieves. He is supported by the head of the Counter Intelligence Unit Colonel Chusov, although, in a private meeting with Zhukov, Chusov admits his intent to deal with Odessa's crime personally. The thieves are released under strict conditions dictated by Gottsman – namely, to call off their gangs and return the stolen weapons. The thieves agree, and Odessa becomes temporarily quiet. Acting on Krechetov's advice, Gottsman invites Nora, Yefim's ex-partner, to the theater, but Nora doesn't arrive. Something was pushing her away from Gottsman; something was preventing her from coming to him. Meanwhile, the bandits seem to be one step ahead of the investigation. Gottsman continuously summons his co-workers, attempting to reconstruct in detail the chain of events on the day when Rodya was killed, and each person's place in that chain. It was now known that, without a doubt, the “Academic” (or one of his employees) is working within the walls of the CI Unit.

Episode 9
Marshal Zhukov orders the commencement of Operation “Masquerade”- military intelligence officers were dressed in expensive suits, and given money and weapons. A day before the beginning of the operation, an assassination attempt was carried out on Gottsman. By a happy coincidence, Gottsman spent the night at Krechetov's house, and a distant relative dies instead of Gottsman. However, news of Gottsman's alleged death spreads through Odessa like wildfire. Thieves immediately relax and begin to commit crime with a new spirit. At the same time, Victor Platov appears in Odessa. Platov was a platoon leader in Gottsman's command, and, before the war, got involved in Odessa's criminal underworld. Platov immediately visits the owner of a gambling house. Meanwhile, Gottsman has no doubt of a traitor within the ranks of the CI Unit. Everyone seems to fall into his circle of suspects – Captain Yakimenko, who shot Luzhov dead, Major Dovjik, with his strange contacts in the criminal world, and military doctor Arsenin, who served in the Far East and who was, on more than one occasion, interested in the investigation.

Episode 10
Bandits are constantly ambushed and shot in Odessa, as a result of Operation “Masquerade”. It quickly becomes apparent to Gottsman that the operation was planned by the Counterintelligence Unit – the intelligence officers didn't miss even once, and are silent when interrogated. Captain Rusnochenko recognizes "Chekan" on a tram. A firefight ensues, which ends with Rusnochenko's arrest, "Fisheyed", another bandit, being shot dead and "Chekan"’s escape. While investigating "Fisheyed"’s shooting, Major Dovjik locates a flat where Ida is hiding. Ida refuses to betray "Chekan", but agrees to show the CI Unit where the stolen weapons are hidden. One day before, Dovjik brought Gottsman to a strange old psychiatrist. The blind man specialized in psychoanalysis, who, during Nazi occupation, worked with the Germans in an intelligence school. He knew several things about the “Academic”, but his description was vague and unclear, suiting almost any member of the CI Unit – Dovjik, who suspiciously quickly and easily found Ida, Yakimenko, who, as a sniper, strangely missed and killed Luzhov, and Vitaliy Krechetov, who worked as an investigator at the Second Belorussian Front, but somehow didn't remember a scandalous criminal case in 1943.

Episode 11
Military doctor Arsenin discovers that Major Krechetov didn't serve at the Second Belorussian Front. This is confirmed by Gottsman's new driver, and appears as a serious argument against Krechetov. Along with other facts, this points to one conclusion – that Krechetov is the “Academic”, and Gottsman receives a warrant for his arrest, but Gottsman's conclusion turns out to be hasty. Krechetov reveals that he served as part of a group of commanding subfield personnel, together with the Secretary of the UWB and other equally important people. Colonel Chusov, head of the Counterintelligence Unit, confirms Krechetov's story. Krechetov remembers the knot that was used to strangle Rodya – a Samurai's knot, which points to doctor Arsenin, who served in the Far East. Arsenin seemingly disappears. "Chekan"’s girlfriend Ida brings detectives to the place where "Chekan"’s stolen weapons are hidden, but "Chekan" organizes an ambush and recaptures Ida. Meanwhile, the nightly shootings continue. As a result of Operation “Masquerade”, hundreds of thieves and gangsters are killed. Each day, Odessa buries more and more people.

Episode 12
The CI Unit continues to search for military doctor Arsenin, but all their attempts are fruitless. The “Academic”, who turns out to be Krechetov after all, cuts all leads to the doctor. Gottsman suggests a course of action to Colonel Chusov, with the first part of the plan being to end Operation “Masquerade”. Chusov listens to Gottsman, and informs Marshal Zhukov of his thoughts. Meanwhile, the “Academic”, Vitaliy Krechetov, tells "Shtekhel" that he is being suspected, and that his gang needs to lay low for a while, waiting for further orders. Ex-criminal Victor Platov is searched on "Chekan"’s orders, but the search ends before it can begin – Platov shoots "Chekan"’s gangsters dead. Gottsman understands that the plan he suggested to Chusov was highly dangerous, and that it could easily backfire on him. Colonel Chusov unexpectedly arrives at the CI Station and arrests Gottsman.

Episode 13
Vitaliy Krechetov, the “Academic”, feels that a major failure was close by and unavoidable. However, at the last moment, the situation shifts to a largely favourable situation for him – the Counterintelligence Unit arrests Gottsman and his wife, Nora.  Operation “Masquerade” is concluded, and military investigators begin to leave town. Shortly afterwards, Marshal Zhukov announces military training in Moldavia, which means that, in several days, only the sentinel garrison and the police will be patrolling the city. Krechetov realises that he has a real chance to carry out a well-conceived operation and capture Odessa. He also realises that his own gang forces will be inadequate, and that he needs the aid of gang units operating in the forest. Krechetov recruits the help of a contact from Kiev, who turns out to be Victor Platov.

Episode 14
Krechetov's girlfriend Antonina follows him to a meeting with "Chekan". Realizing that he is a traitor, she confronts Krechetov and is stabbed to death. Meanwhile, Tolya "Zhivchik", "Chekan"’s assistant, hands out Red Army uniforms and weapons to various gang members, enabling them to pose as military personnel as part of Krechetov’s plan.  Victor Platov rendezvous with the forest gangs, handing out uniforms to them as well. As Krechetov, "Chekan" and "Zhivchik" prepare to capture Odessa, they realize that it is filled with disguised Counterintelligence agents. "Zhivchik" is arrested, and "Chekan" manages to inform Krechetov before he is shot and severely injured in a firefight with Rusnochenko. Gottsman arrives and arrests Krechetov, informing his that his [Gottsman's] arrest was a red herring. Captain Yakimenko, together with a division of snipers and machine-gunners, intercepts three trucks with the disguised forest gang members. Victor Platov, who turns out to be a double-agent working for Counterintelligence, is shot and injured by the forest gang leader during the intercept. All gang members are disarmed and arrested. Meanwhile, Gottsman reveals to Krechetov that the knot used to murder Rodya was not, in fact, Japanese, and that this is what gave Krechetov away. When asking for a cigarette, Krechetov grabs a hidden pistol and shoots the two arresting officers, taking Gottsman hostage. Meanwhile, on a steamer ship, "Shtekhel", Ida and several gangsters spot "Chekan" in a rowboat. "Shtekhel" orders a gangster to shoot "Chekan", tying up loose ends. Ida attacks the gangster, who stabs her to death. Her body is placed in the rowboat, but "Shtekhel" realizes that he hasn't taken her purse. As he descends into the rowboat, the gangsters shoot him. Krechetov reveals to Gottsman that he killed Yefim and doctor Arsenin, burying the latter's body at sea. Krechetov then attempts to pass by the police by keeping Gottsman at gunpoint, but Gottsman pushes him off a ledge onto a vertical steel pipe, which impales Krechetov. As Krechetov's body is carried away, Gottsman travels to a military boarding school, where he watches Mishka in the school's choir. The narrator's voice-over states that “no one knows where the truth and where the fiction in this story lies, and whether this story happened at all, know only the chestnuts on the French boulevard, the Black Sea and the city of Odessa...”

Characters

Military
 Lt. Colonel David Markovich Gottsman (Vladimir Mashkov)
 Major Vitaliy Egorovich Krechetov (Mikhail Porechenkov)
 Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (Vladimir Menshov)
Marshal Zhukov arrives in Odessa as head of the Military District in the summer of 1946. He appears several times throughout the story, having ordered Operation "Masquerade" (see synopsis) and also having ordered military training in Moldavia, although this is a ploy. Zhukov orders the arrest of all the thief leaders of Odessa, which turns out to be a huge blunder, as their dormant gangs become active and begin rioting. He is portrayed as very strict, but fair - having rescued Gottsman once from prison, and also having given Mishka Karas' his watch, which the boy stole and then returned.
 Colonel Chusov (Yuri Lakhin)
Colonel Chusov is the head of the Counterintelligence Unit of Odessa. He is the mastermind behind Operation "Masquerade", and also supports Zhukov's arrests of thief leaders. Chusov recommends Operation "Masquerade" instead of the arrests, after their failure is evident. He also supports Gottsman's plan of disguising Counterintelligence agents in Episode 14.
 Colonel Andrey Ostapovich Omel’yanchuk (Victor Smirnov)
Colonel Omel'yanchuk is the head of the Criminal Investigation Unit in Odessa. He is a fair but occasionally soft leader who respects Gottsman's decisions. During the riots caused by Zhukov's arrest of thief leaders, Omel'yanchuk's house is set alight, and his wife is injured.
 War Surgeon and Medical Examiner Andrey Victorovich Arsenin (Alexandr Sirin)
 Captain Alexei Yekimenko (Fyodor Dobronravov)
 Major "Makhal Makhalovich" Dovjik (Boris Kamorzin)
 Lieutenant Lyonya Tishak (Alexandr Golubyov)
 Army Guard Private Luzhov (Oleg Kulayev)
Luzhov possesses acrobatic skills, using them to enter a locked iron closet using a ceiling shaft and strangle counterfeiter Rodya who was locked inside. He is shot dead by Major Yekimenko during an escape attempt after being arrested.
 Efreitor Okhryatin (Konstantin Balakirev)
Efreitor Okhryatin is an army guard who works at the CI Unit station. He guarded Rodya's locked iron closet, and suspicion initially falls on him in relation to Rodya's murder.
 Pilot Mark (Alexei Kryutsenko)
Mark is one of Gottsman's friends. He was shell-shocked during the war, and now lives at home with his wife, Galiya. Mark suffered brain damage from the blast, and, as a result, lost most of his memory, muscle control and lateral thinking. He occasionally has mental fits and, on one occasion, attempted to commit suicide, only stopped by Gottsman and Krechetov. On other occasions, Mark's memory temporarily returns, such as when looking at photographs.
 Ex-Squadron Leader Victor Platov (Sergei Ugryumov)

Gangsters
 "Chekan" (Igor Stanislavovoch Chekan) (Konstantin Lavronenko)
 Tolya "Zhivchik" (Maxim Drozd)
 Eva Radzakis (Igor Artashonov)
 "Shtekhel" (Konstantin Zheldin)

Civilians
 Yefim Petrov (Fima-Poluzhid) (Sergei Makovetsky)
 Ida Kashetinskaya (Kseniya Rappoport)
 Antonina Petrovna Tsar’ko (Polina Agureeva)
 Aunt Pesya (Svetlana Kryuchkova)
 Emmik (Emmanuel Gershovich) (Alexandr Semchev)
 Celia (Beata Makovskaya)
 Nora (Elena Bruner) (Lika Nifontova)
 Mishka "Karas’" (Karasyov) (Kolya Spiridonov)
 Galiya (Diana Malaya) - Mark's wife
 Rodya (Valeriy Troshin)
Rodya is a counterfeiter who operates in Odessa. He interrupted the Criminal Investigation Unit during "Chekan"'s arrest attempt, and was arrested himself. After being locked in a guarded closet, Rodya was strangled by Army Guard Luzhov, who, as an acrobat, managed to enter the closet through a shaft in the ceiling.

Views of Ukrainian nationalists

Ukrainian cultural figures criticize the "Liquidation", alluding to the presence of Ukrainophobia in it.

"Remember: not so long ago ideological enemies of Soviet authorities, and it doesn't matter who they were in real life, have always been positive characters in the movies, especially in the times of "perestroika" and the Russian post-Soviet period. Nowadays, those who do not like the Soviet regime have to be destroyed. Isn't there a hint that the Russian culture, and in particular — movies, again ready to defend and protect Soviet values exposed to obstruction in former times? Maybe I cringe cards a little, however, I want to pity Academician mentioned above, despite all his treacherous nature: he was against the "Soviets" but he was killed for his convictions", — Andriy Kokotiukha, writer.

" ... the situation is schizophrenic: on the one hand there is bloodshed, people die, whether they are Russian or Ukrainian speaking or a mix of both, no difference, those who identify themselves as Ukrainians are dying. And at the same time, only in the first week of September, 10 Ukrainian channels showed 71 Russian TV series, including "Liquidation", where security officers kill banderivetses." — Oksana Zabuzhko about number of Russian TV product in Ukraine and 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine.

The prohibition on display and distribution in Ukraine

In late November 2014 the film actor Michael Porechenkov made illegal trip to not controlled by Ukraine Donetsk, where he together with the separatists of Donetsk People's Republic (DPR or DNR) fired a machine-gun in the general direction of the positions of the Ukrainian military at the airport in Donetsk. The Security Service of Ukraine suspected the actor in shootings of civilians of Donetsk. After the publicity of these events there was a scandal. Activists of the campaign "Boycott Russian Films" demanded to ban in Ukraine movies with Michael Porechenkov. On November 31, 2014 the State Agency of Ukraine for Cinema on the proposal of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine canceled the permission for distribution and display of 69 films and TV series featuring Michael Porechenkov, including the serial "Liquidation".

References

External links

 Movie Trailer and Screenshots

Russia-1 original programming
Russian television miniseries
2007 Russian television series debuts
2007 Russian television series endings
2000s Russian television series
Russian police procedural television series
Russian crime television series
Cultural depictions of Georgy Zhukov
World War II television drama series
Television series about the aftermath of the Holocaust
Television shows set in Russia
Television series set in the 1940s
Nazi hunters in popular culture
Nazi fugitives in popular culture


The Kosair Shrine Circus is an annual Shrine circus held in Louisville, Kentucky, done for the Kosair Charities of the Oasis of Louisville Kosair Shrine, a group of Freemasonry that stress fun and fellowship. The first circus was held in 1925.

On February 7, 2006, the Humane Society of the United States issued a press statement calling for a boycott of the circus as it came to Louisville, due to the Kosair Shrine Circus offering elephant rides to visiting patrons.  A countywide animal riding ban was instated in 1990 for all performing animal acts as a result of a man being injured while wrestling a bear. Circus members asked for elephant rides to be reinstated, citing opportunities to increase annual revenue.  In December 2005 the Louisville Metro Council voted to allow the elephant rides to take place.

See also
 List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area

References

External links

Circuses
Events in Louisville, Kentucky
1925 establishments in Kentucky
Recurring events established in 1925
February events
Shriners


Guglielmo () is the Italian form of the masculine name William. It may refer to:

People with the given name Guglielmo:

 Guglielmo I Gonzaga (1538–1587), Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
 Guglielmo Agnelli (c. 1238 – 1313), Italian sculptor and architect
 Guglielmo Bergamesco (16th century), Italian architect
 Guglielmo Borremans (born 1672), Baroque painter
 Guglielmo Caccia (1568–1625), Italian painter
 Guglielmo Achille Cavellini (1914–1990), influential Italian art collector and mail artist
 Guglielmo da Leoni (c. 1664 – 1740), Italian painter and engraver
 Guglielmo da Marsiglia (1475–1537), Italian painter of stained glass
 Guglielmo della Porta (c. 1500 – 1577), Italian architect and sculptor
 Guglielmo della Scala (died 1404), Lord of Verona
 Guglielmo Ebreo da Pesaro (15th century), Italian dancing-master
 Guglielmo Embriaco (born c. 1040), Genoese merchant and military leader
 Guglielmo Ferrero (1871–1942), Italian historian, journalist and novelist
 Guglielmo Fiammingo (c. 1530 – 1587), sculptor
 Guglielmo Fieschi (13th century), Italian cardinal
 Guglielmo Gabetto (1916–1949), Italian former football (soccer) player
 Guglielmo il Giuggiola (16th century), Italian poet
 Guglielmo Letteri (1926–2006), Italian comic book artist
 Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja (1803–1869), Italian mathematician
 Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937), Italian inventor
 Guglielmo Massaia (1809–1889), Italian Catholic missionary
 Guglielmo Nasi (1879–1971), Italian General
 Guglielmo Oberdan (1858–1882), Italian irredentist and terrorist
 Guglielmo Pallotta (1727–1795), Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal
 Guglielmo Pepe (1783–1855), Italian general and patriot
 Guglielmo Plüschow (1852–1930), German photographer
 Guglielmo Quarenghi (1826–1882), Italian composer
 Guglielmo Sanfelice d'Acquavilla (1834–1897), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
 Guglielmo Scheibmeier (21st century), Italian bobsledder
 Guglielmo Stendardo (born 1981), Italian football defender
 Guglielmo Verdirame (21st century), Italian lawyer
 Guglielmo Vicario (born 1996), Italian footballer
 Guglielmo Visconti (c. 1210 – 1276), Italian cardinal
 Niccolo Guglielmo Alforae, French engraver
 William Guglielmo Niederland (1904–1993), German-American psychoanalyst

People with the surname Guglielmo:

 Dudley A. Guglielmo (1909–2005), Louisiana insurance commissioner
 Mark Guglielmo (born 1968), American murderer

Italian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Surnames from given names


Désandans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

Notable natives
 André Parrot (1901–1980), archaeologist

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Christina Stewart Douglas, Countess of Buchan ( – 20 September 1580), also known as Christian, was a Scottish noblewoman, the suo jure Countess of Buchan.

Career
She succeeded her grandfather John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan in 1551. In that year she was, the heir to her father, enfeoffed in the lands, jurisdictions, and offices enumerated in her grandfather's charter of 1547.  She was only three years of age at her mother's death, and was placed under the guardianship of Margaret Erskine, wife of Robert Douglas of Lochleven.

In January 1549–50, though Christina was only a young child, a contract of marriage was arranged between her and James Stewart, afterwards Earl of Moray and Regent, which would give him possession of her lands. He was the son of Margaret Erskine by King James V. Notwithstanding this contract, he later married Agnes Keith. Christina married Moray's half-brother, Robert Douglas, second son of Margaret Erskine and Robert Douglas of Lochleven. In his wife's right, Robert Douglas became Earl of Buchan and Sheriff of Banff.

When Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in July 1567, Robert Douglas, Earl of Buchan, was one of the few people allowed to visit her.

In 1574, Christina Stewart and her husband obtained a charter of the family estates, heritable offices, and the Earlshill in conjunct fee, with remainder to the heirs-male of the marriage, heirs female, heirs of the body of the Countess, and finally, to the nearest lawful heirs of the Earl. Her husband, as Earl of Buchan, took a prominent part in the political movements made in the minority of James VI, and he supported his brother Regent Moray in opposition to the adherents of Mary, Queen of Scots. After Regent Moray's assassination in January 1570, he was one of the four lords to whom the government of the country was committed in name of the King.

Family
Her children included one son and three daughters:
 James Douglas, 5th Earl of Buchan.
  Christian, who married to Richard Douglas, brother of William Douglas of Whittinghame.
  Mariota, who married Alexander Irvine of Drum.
  Elizabeth, who married, in 1592, Andrew Fraser of Muchals, and had issue.

The Earl of Buchan died at Mills of Drum, near Aberdeen, 18 August, and the Countess at Aberdeen 20 September 1580.

References

Year of birth missing
1580 deaths
4
16th-century Scottish people
16th-century Scottish women
1540s births
Buchan


Vistaprint is a Dutch, global, e-commerce company that produces physical and digital marketing products for small businesses. Vistaprint was one of the first businesses to offer its customers the capabilities of desktop publishing through the internet when it was launched in 1999. Vistaprint is wholly owned by Cimpress plc, a publicly traded company based in Ireland.

Business
The company is based in Venlo, Netherlands, and employs over 5,100 employees in its 13 offices and printing facilities.

History
Robert Keane founded a company in Paris in 1995 called Bonne Impression, a direct marketer of desktop publishing software and pre-printed laser-printer-compatible specialty papers for printing brochures, stationery, and business cards, particularly for small businesses. In 1999, the company adopted an internet-based business model and changed its name to Vistaprint.

In September 2005, the company filed its initial public offering and began trading on the Nasdaq. It opened a European office in Barcelona, Spain, in September 2006, and in 2009 relocated to Venlo, the Netherlands.

In November 2014, the company announced it would reorganize; Vistaprint continued operating under the Vistaprint brand while the parent company became Cimpress. As a result of the change, the company's ticker symbol was changed from VPRT to CMPR.

In November 2016, Cimpress announced that it would be opening a manufacturing facility in Reno, Nevada. The facility will serve as home to more than 20 brands, one of which is Vistaprint.

In August 2018, Vistaprint announced that it would expand its presence in North America with a new facility in Dallas, Texas. This will be the second manufacturing facility in the U.S. Vistaprint plans to have the manufacturing fully completed by 2023.

In October 2021, Vistaprint acquired Crello and its parent company, Depositphotos, for a total price of $85 million. After the acquisition, Crello was rebranded to VistaCreate.

In January 2023, VistaPrint announced that Florian Baumgartner would succeed Robert Keane as CEO as of February 1, 2023.

Printing process
Orders are processed online and jobs are printed using a formula based on type of job, paper stock type, print run quantity, finishing (if any) and ship-by dates, among other factors. User-selectable options are minimized, printing standard types of printed materials, such as business cards or postcards. Within each category, only specific sizes, paper stocks and ink colors are supported. This results in higher numbers of similar jobs which can be ganged together. Changeover time is reduced because there's less need to change paper or inks between jobs.

Self-service design, proofing and ordering are handled at the front-end through the web, with controlled printing, cutting, packing and dispatching handled at the back-end through printing plants. Cimpress' process involves multiple software components, and the management of multiple production components, in an end-to-end production workflow from "click to ship". Vistaprint is vertically integrated with production facilities for North America in Windsor, Ontario, and for Europe in Venlo, Netherlands. The company uses presses such as the Manroland 700 as part of its printing assembly line.

Computer-integrated manufacturing techniques help minimize human intervention and labor costs. Using browser-based desktop publishing environment, customers design and proofread the job. Jobs are routed for printing without intervention. The printing is done in a single pass on automated, high-volume, large-format presses. Once printed, the products are cut down to size using a computerized robotic cutter, assembled, packaged and addressed using proprietary software-driven processes, and shipped to the customer.

In a form of mass customization using as little as 60 seconds of production labor per order versus an hour or more for traditional printers, orders are printed faster and at lower costs than traditional printers. Their strategy is to target small-run orders usually excluded from conventional large printers.

Patents
One of the company's early hires was an in-house patent attorney. It currently holds over 100 patents worldwide. The company has described its objective as a "minefield of patents" and has been active in pursuing companies that it considers to be infringing on those patents.

In 2006, the company filed a patent infringement suit against Print24 GmbH and UnitedPrint.com AG. A German court ruled in favor of Vistaprint in July 2007. However, after appealing, the German Federal Patent Court ruled in favour of Unitedprint.com, rescinding Vistaprint’s controversial software patent in March 2009.

Separately, in May 2007, the company filed a patent infringement suit against two Taylor Corporation subsidiaries, 123Print and DrawingBoard.

Partnerships
In 2007, a strategic partnership was announced with OfficeMax to provide an in-store station in up to 900 OfficeMax stores in the US and Mexico. OfficeMax ImPress is an OfficeMax-branded web site for small business printing based on Vistaprint technologies. In 2008, Vistaprint announced a strategic partnership with Intuit, a supplier of accounting software, tying their service into Intuit's QuickBooks software using an Intuit-branded web site. In 2009, the company also announced it will supply services for the FedEx Office brand. The company announced in 2012 that it had entered into a strategic partnership with Staples Inc. Vistaprint is also the official jersey sponsor for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA)

Controversies

Rewards program
In the US, Vistaprint was accused of enrolling customers into Vertrue's paid-membership reward plan without the customer's agreement. Credit card details were passed on to Vertrue (formerly Memberworks Incorporated) by Vistaprint, and charges were then made on those credit cards by Vertrue allegedly without the owner's consent. Numerous complaints were received by ConsumerAffairs.com and The Better Business Bureau by consumers objecting to these charges including the complaints of still being charged after canceling and that more than a year after cancelling membership, the charges began again.

Vistaprint's partnerships in the United Kingdom have attracted criticism. Critics have stated that Vistaprint's customers are enrolled without their knowledge in a reward voucher operated by an associated company, VPrewards.com, at a cost of GB£9.95 a month, and that no information is provided to customers subsequently. Additionally, it is up to the customers to detect the fact that they have been enrolled as members and to cancel unwanted membership.

In August 2008, four class-action lawsuits were filed against Vistaprint. The four complaints alleged that the defendants were in violation of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (which protects from unauthorized charges) and the federal Electronic Communications and Privacy Act (which prohibits the unlawful access of financial information) for charging relatively small amounts from customers accounts "hoping that consumers just won't notice."

On November 30, 2009, the company announced that it had terminated its contract with an affiliate of Vertrue Inc., effective December 20, 2009, and that, it had ended all membership rewards or similar programs.

ASA investigations
In 2011, following complaints from UK customers, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) investigated pricing irregularities on Vistaprint's UK website and leaflet distributions. The ASA also upheld a complaint that Vistaprint was misleading customers in its £40 worth of printing for a £10 spend promotion.

Discriminatory mix-ups
In 2018, a recently married gay couple sued Vistaprint after they received anti-gay pamphlets, "Understanding Temptation: Fight the good fight of the faith", instead of the wedding programs they had ordered. Vistaprint CEO, Trynka Shineman, said that the wedding programs and the flyers were printed at the same time, and that the wrong shipping label was put on the boxes by a third-party partner. Vistaprint resolved the matter with the couple and the lawsuit was dropped, with an apology to the couple and donations to LGBTQ organizations.

In June 2020, two fundraisers for Black Lives Matter found that their order for Black Lives Matter posters also came with All Lives Matter posters. In an interview with Buzzfeed News the customer said "this felt like very, very clear attempts to undermine our message and undermine the message we’re trying to put out". A Vistaprint representative said that an internal investigation "found that it was an error in the automated packaging process which combined two separate customer orders." In response, the customers said that they are skeptical of the explanation, especially since the LGBTQ incident in 2018 made this seem less like a one-off.

Security Lapse
In November 2019, security researcher Oliver Hough discovered an exposed database on the internet belonging to Vistaprint. The company quietly took the database offline after TechCrunch reached out to inform them about the discovery. Robert Crosland, a spokesperson for Vistaprint, said in a statement that the exposure affected customers in the US, the UK and Ireland.

See also
 4imprint

References

External links

Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Companies of Bermuda
Printing companies of the Netherlands
Self-publishing online stores
Marketing companies established in 1995
Companies based in Limburg (Netherlands)
Buildings and structures in Venlo


Déservillers is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


The Diocese of Solsona () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Solsona in the Ecclesiastical province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain.

History

 19 July 1593: Established as Diocese of Solsona from the Diocese of Urgell and Diocese of Vic

Ordinaries

Luis Sans y Códol (3 Oct 1594 – 20 Aug 1612 Appointed, Bishop of Barcelona)
Juan Alvarez Zapata, O. Cist. (11 Mar 1613 – 13 Oct 1623 Died)
Miguel Santos de San Pedro (15 Apr 1624 – 13 Nov 1630 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Pedro Puigmartí Funes, O.S.B. (16 Dec 1630 – Nov 1632 Died)
Diego Serrano Sotomayor, O. de M. (3 Dec 1635 – 30 May 1639 Appointed, Bishop of Segorbe)
Pedro (de Santiago) Anglada Sánchez, O.A.R. (30 Jan 1640 – 14 Nov 1644 Appointed,  Bishop of Lerida)
Francisco Roger, O.P. (18 Sep 1656 – 18 Jan 1663 Died)
Luis de Pons y de Esquerrer, Order of Saint Benedict (11 Aug 1664 – 4 Jan 1685 Died)
Manuel de Alba (10 Sep 1685 – 24 Aug 1693 Appointed, Bishop of Barcelona)
Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, O.F.M. (8 Feb 1694 – 1 Jun 1699 Appointed, Bishop of Lerida)
Guillermo Goñalons, O.S.A. (30 Mar 1700 – 12 Aug 1708 Died)
Francisco Dorda, O. Cist. (19 Feb 1710 – 3 Dec 1716 Died)
Pedro Magaña, O.S.B. (10 May 1717 – 9 Feb 1718 Died)
Tomás Broto y Pérez (27 May 1720 – 8 Apr 1736 Died)
José Esteban Noriega, O. Praem. (27 Jan 1738 – 10 May 1739 Died)
Francisco Zarceño Martínez, O.SS.T. (14 Dec 1739 – 23 Jan 1746 Died)
José Mezquía Díaz de Arrízola, O. de M. (16 Sep 1746 – 9 Sep 1772 Died)
Rafael Lasala y Locela, O.S.A. (15 Mar 1773 – 17 Jun 1792 Died)
Agustín Vázquez Varela, O. Cist. (17 Jun 1793 – 11 Feb 1794 Died)
Pedro Nolasco Mora Mora, O. de M. (12 Sep 1794 – 1 Mar 1811 Died)
Manuel Benito y Tabernero (19 Dec 1814 – 25 Jul 1830 Died)
Juan José Tejada Sáenz, O. de M. (2 Jul 1832 – 15 Jun 1838 Died)
Valentín Comellas y Santamaría (18 Dec 1919 – 19 Mar 1945 Died)
Vicente Enrique y Tarancón (25 Nov 1945 – 12 Apr 1964 Appointed, Archbishop of Oviedo)
José Bascuñana y López (20 May 1964 – 19 Feb 1977 Resigned)
Miguel Moncadas Noguera (1 Apr 1977 – 5 Aug 1989 Died)
Antonio Deig Clotet (7 Mar 1990 – 28 Jul 2001 Retired)
Jaume Traserra Cunillera (28 Jul 2001 – 3 Nov 2010 Retired)
 (3 Nov 2010 – 23 Aug 2021 Resigned, to marry)
Francisco Conesa Ferrer (3 January 2022 – present)

See also

Roman Catholicism in Spain

References

External links
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website (in Catalan)

Roman Catholic dioceses in Catalonia
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Religious organizations established in 1593
Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 16th century


Lanans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the plateau above the valley of the Cusancin.

Population

Economy
The local economy is largely agricultural, including viticulture. Other commercial activities include forestry, transport, and masonry.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Lanans on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs