The 1997 Starrcade was the 15th annual Starrcade professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It was held on December 28, 1997, at the MCI Center in Washington, D.C.

The matches revolved around the ongoing storyline between WCW and the New World Order (nWo) organization. The main event was between Hollywood Hogan and Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, with Hogan representing the nWo and Sting representing WCW. The match culminated a year-long buildup of their feud. The match ended in controversy over the referee's pinfall count, and their feud continued after the event surrounding this. Other matches included Larry Zbyszko and Eric Bischoff for the control of WCW Monday Nitro, and Curt Hennig and Diamond Dallas Page for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship.

Starrcade became the highest-grossing pay-per-view in WCW history. Despite its success, the event was seen by critics and journalists as the beginning of WCW's downfall due to setting a tone for backstage dissension and what would retrospectively be seen as poor creative decisions going forward.

Storylines

Since its formation in July 1996, the New World Order (nWo) organization had been a dominant force. Hollywood Hogan, the leader of the nWo, had been the WCW World Heavyweight Champion for most of the preceding year. Most of the WCW programming in 1997 revolved around Sting, whose character changed into a mysterious avenger. He watched from the rafters of arenas, and did not speak his thoughts. Sting soon showed his opposition to the nWo, and challenged Hogan to a match for the title at Starrcade. In reality, Hogan and Eric Bischoff, the executive vice president of WCW, disagreed over the outcome of the match. This resulted in a planned ending that had Sting lose because of a fast pinfall count by the referee. Bret Hart would restart the match, and Sting would win.

Late in 1997, Bret Hart was a top star in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), a competitor of WCW. Hart was the WWF Champion, and had decided to leave the WWF and join WCW. As Hart was the champion, WWF owner Vince McMahon devised the Montreal Screwjob, secretly changing the planned outcome of a title match. This resulted in Hart losing the title in controversial manner. After Hart made his debut with WCW, he was assigned as the guest referee for a match between Bischoff and Larry Zbyszko at Starrcade. The outcome of the match between Hogan and Sting at Starrcade was inspired by the Montreal Screwjob.

The match between Hogan and Sting was made official with a pre-taped "live press conference" at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.  This aired on October 28, 1997, on TNT during a commercial break for the premiere of Hogan's new cable movie, Assault on Devil's Island. The promotion was a success, drawing a 4.2 cable rating (at the same time on the USA Network, the WWF ran a Survivor Series Flashback show, which drew a 2.8 rating), with fans tuning in to finally see the Sting/Hogan bout signed. During the press conference, Hogan and Sting had a brief stare-down as Sting signed the contract without ever taking his eyes off the champion.  On the November 10th episode of Nitro, the New World Order beat down Sting, with Hogan delivering several leg drops as the show came to a close.  Sting then disappeared for a month, with the nWo beating down the likes of the Giant, Diamond Dallas Page, the Steiner Brothers, and Larry Zbyszko, and looking stronger than ever.

On the November 24, 1997 episode of Monday Nitro, commentator Larry Zbyszko stormed to the ring following an nWo paid advertisement, only to have propaganda fall from the ceiling showing the nWo's Eric Bischoff posing over him at Halloween Havoc. Bischoff, after repeatedly insulting Zbysko, finally agreed to a match, later scheduled for Starrcade. On the December 1 episode of Nitro, Bischoff claimed he never signed a contract, and wouldn't wrestle unless control of Monday Nitro was on the line, which WCW Commissioner JJ Dillon agreed to later in the show.

On the December 1 episode of Nitro, Diamond Dallas Page challenged the nWo's Curt Hennig for the US Title. Page hit Hennig with a Diamond Cutter but Rick Rude interrupted the pinfall attempt. This was Page's second DQ victory over Hennig. The nWo then beat down Page to end the show, with Page sustaining two "Diamond Cutters" from Hulk Hogan. On the December 8 episode of Nitro, Ric Flair, on behalf of Page, challenged Hennig to a steel cage match at Starrcade.

Postponed match

On the December 8 episode of Nitro, the nWo's Kevin Nash (in a pre-recorded statement) declared himself the "one, true giant", belittled The Giant's chokeslam as useless and challenged Giant to a match at Starrcade. Moments later, Giant came to the ring and told Gene Okerlund he'd see Nash at Starrcade and was bringing the chokeslam with him. Nash no-showed the event, and the match would be subsequently postponed and later rescheduled for Souled Out the following month.

Event

The first match was between Dean Malenko and Eddie Guerrero for the WCW Cruiserweight Championship. Malenko had the advantage from the start of the match. Guerrero fought back briefly by attacking Malenko's left leg, but Malenko regained the advantage. This continued until Guerrero countered a suplex, and targeted the knee with the use of the ringpost and ringsteps. Guerrero performed a missile dropkick and a frog splash to the knee, and pinned Malenko to win the match, and retain the title.

Scott Hall afterwards came out and stated that that Nash, who was not in attendance, could not wrestle The Giant at the event. The Giant afterwards came out and stated that while understood why Nash was absent, he would wait for another opportunity to wrestle Nash and, following a verbal confrontation, gave Hall a power bomb.

The second match was between the team of Scott Norton, Vincent and Randy Savage (replacing Konnan) of the nWo (accompanied by Miss Elizabeth) and the team of The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) and Ray Traylor (accompanied by Ted DiBiase) (WCW). The match started with the nWo having the advantage over Scott. Scott fought back with a double underhook powerbomb, and WCW gained the advantage. Vincent was dominated until Traylor missed a big splash. nWo attacked Traylor until Rick tagged in. The Steiners double-teamed Vincent, and Scott performed an elevated DDT. As Scott was attempting a Frankensteiner on Savage, Norton stopped him, and performed an electric chair drop. Savage then pinned Scott after a diving elbow drop to win the match.

The third match was between Bill Goldberg and Steve McMichael. The match started from the entrance ramp, and went back and forth. Goldberg gained the advantage with a punch to the midsection as McMichael jumped from the top turnbuckle. Goldberg applied the kneebar, and performed a spear. After sending McMichael through a table, Goldberg performed a Jackhammer, and pinned him to win the match.

The fourth match was scheduled to be between Raven and Chris Benoit. Raven chose not to compete, however, and for Saturn to replace him. Saturn was a member of The Flock, a group led by Raven. The match started with Benoit having the advantage. As they fought out the ring, The Flock came out of the audience, and attacked Benoit. Saturn then dominated Benoit, and targeted his neck. As Saturn climbed the turnbuckles, Benoit pushed him to the outside. Benoit applied the Crippler Crossface on Saturn, but The Flock attacked him. Raven performed an Evenflow DDT on Benoit, and Saturn applied the Rings of Saturn. Benoit had passed out from the DDT, and Saturn won the match.

The fifth match was between Buff Bagwell (nWo) and Lex Luger (WCW). Luger had the early advantage until a distraction from Vincent allowed Bagwell to fight back. Bagwell then dominated Luger. Bagwell had Luger in the sleeper hold, and Luger fought out with a belly to back suplex. Luger then blocked a big splash with his knees, and fought back. Luger had Bagwell in the Torture Rack, but the referee was knocked down. Randy Savage and Scott Norton then attempted to interfere. Luger fought off Savage, but Norton punched Luger with a foreign object. Bagwell then pinned Luger to win the match.

The sixth match was between Curt Hennig (nWo) and Diamond Dallas Page (WCW) for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship. It was originally going to be Ric Flair facing Hennig for the title and it was to be contested in a cage. However, two weeks earlier on Nitro, Flair was injured at the hands of Hennig and the nWo. Because of the injury, DDP took Flair's place in the match. The match started back and forth until Hennig performed a hangman, and gained the advantage. Hennig targeted Page's injured ribs. Page fought back after fighting out of a chinlock with a jawbreaker. Page attacked Hennig outside the ring, and pulled Hennig's groin into the ringpost. They then exchanged attacks, and Page pinned Hennig after a Diamond Cutter to win the match and the title.

The seventh match was between Eric Bischoff (accompanied by Scott Hall) (nWo) and Larry Zbyszko (WCW), with Bret Hart as the guest referee. The organization of the winner would have control over WCW Monday Nitro, WCW's weekly television show. The match began with Zbyszko having the advantage. Hart appeared to be favoring Bischoff, stopping Zbyszko from using certain attacks and holds. Hart pulled Zbyszko away, and this allowed Bischoff to kick Zbyszko in the head. Bischoff continued with kicks and punches, but soon grew weary. Zbyszko fought back, and Hart pulled him back. Hall placed a steel plate in Bischoff's footwear, and Bischoff kicked Zbyszko in the head. Hart appeared to raise Bischoff's hand in victory, but Hart knocked him down instead. Hall came in, and Hart beat him down. Hart applied the Sharpshooter as Zbyszko choked Bischoff. Hart awarded Zbyszko the victory by disqualification for Bischoff using the steel plate.

The main event was between Hollywood Hogan (nWo) and Sting (WCW) for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Nick Patrick, who had favored the nWo before, was chosen as the referee through a random drawing. The match started with Hogan delivering attacks. Sting fought back with dropkicks, and applied the side headlock. Hogan sent Sting out of the ring, and attacked him with the ringpost and guard rail. Hogan performed a big boot, and pinned Sting after a leg drop. However, Bret Hart claimed Patrick counted the pinfall fast, and restarted the match with himself as the referee. Sting performed a Stinger splash, and applied the Scorpion Deathlock. Hart called for the bell and Sting won the championship.

Aftermath
The feud between Hollywood Hogan and Sting continued after Starrcade. The outcome of the main event at Starrcade did not occur as planned, with the referee not making the pinfall count fast enough as scripted. Many former WCW wrestlers who were at Starrcade believe that Hogan through Eric Bischoff instructed the referee Nick Patrick to make a regular three count to protect himself and to make Sting and the debuting Bret Hart look weak. The following night, a controversial rematch took place in which Patrick again counted a 1-2-3 pinfall in Hogan's favor, but saw Sting again defeat Hogan and maintain the championship after referee Randy Anderson restarted the match. To address this, the following WCW programming surrounded the controversy. Replays of the count were shown, and the WCW World Heavyweight Championship was vacated. A rematch was made, and Sting regained the title in a match at SuperBrawl VIII. In 1998, Bill Goldberg was given a push to main event status. Goldberg debuted in 1997, and started an undefeated streak. WCW continued to build the character of Goldberg with the continuation of his undefeated streak since his debut in 1997. On July 6, the undefeated Goldberg defeated Hollywood Hogan to win the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, and remained the champion until the next Starrcade.

Starrcade drew a buy rate of 1.9, the best WCW ever achieved. In 1998, WCW expanded with the creation of another television show, WCW Thunder. However, Thunder could not gain the success of WCW Monday Nitro, WCW's main weekly program. Nitro was also extended from two to three hours, and more house shows were run. In March, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) began to fight back in its competition with WCW. Stone Cold Steve Austin became the top star in the WWF, and eventually helped the WWF outperform WCW in the following years.

Reception
In 2017, Kevin Pantoja of 411Mania gave the event a rating of 2.0 [Very Bad], stating, "It was WCW’s biggest show ever and they bombed. Hard. The only match worth seeing is Malenko/Guerrero and you can see better versions of it elsewhere. There are a whopping THREE matches [that] get negative stars, including the main event being an all-time screw up. They gave Luger/Bagwell the most time of any match, which is a travesty. Savage was a last minute replacement. Hall had no match. Vincent, Traylor, Zbyszko, Bischoff and Mongo were booked, while Rey Mysterio, Harlem Heat and several others sat in the crowd."

Results

References

External links
Starrcade 1997 review at SLAM! Sports
Starrcade 1997 review at 411mania

Starrcade
Professional wrestling in Washington, D.C.
1997 in Washington, D.C.
Events in Washington, D.C.
December 1997 sports events in the United States
1997 World Championship Wrestling pay-per-view events


La Celle (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Wilpattu National Park () is a national park in Sri Lanka. The unique feature of this park is the existence of "Willus" (natural lakes) – natural, sand-rimmed water basins or depressions that fill with rainwater. Located on the northwest coast lowland dry zone of Sri Lanka, the park is  west of Anuradhapura and  north of Puttalam (approximately  north of Colombo). The park is  (131,693 hectares) in area and ranges from  above sea level. Nearly one hundred and six lakes (Willu) and tanks are found spread throughout Wilpattu. Wilpattu is the largest and one of the oldest national parks in Sri Lanka. Wilpattu is world-renowned for its leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) population. A remote camera survey conducted in Wilpattu from July to October 2015 by the Wilderness and Wildlife Conservation Trust captured photographs of forty-nine individual leopards in the surveyed area, the core area density of which was between that of Yala National Park's Block I and Horton Plains National Park.

From December 1988 to 16 March 2003, the park was closed due to security concerns surrounding the Sri Lankan Civil War, before being reopened to visitors sixteen years later. Visitor access is currently limited to approximately 25% of the park, the remainder of which is dense forest or scrub. Popular visiting periods span between the months of February and October, although there are a number of private ecotourism groups that conduct safaris year-round.

History
The Mahavansa records that in 543 BC Prince Vijaya landed at Tambapanni now known as Kudrimalai Point (Horse Point), established the Sinhalese kingdom in Tambapanni and founded the Sinhala nation. In 1905 the area was designated a sanctuary and in 1938 it was upgraded to the National Park status.'

Kudrimalai, or Horse Point, was visited by a subject of Emperor Claudius in 47 AD, who was blown off course by the monsoon. The local king later sent his own envoys to Rome during the time of Pliny.

Climate

The annual Rainfall is about  and the annual temperature is about . Inter-monsoonal rains in March and the northeast monsoon (December – February) are the main sources of rainfall.

Flora and fauna
There are many types of vegetation to be found in Wilpattu, including littoral vegetation, such as salt grass and low scrub monsoon forest with tall emergents, such as palu (Manilkara hexandra), and satin (Chloroxylon swietenia), milla (Vitex altissima), weera (Drypetes sepiaria), ebony (Diospyros ebenum) and wewarna (Alseodaphne semecapriflolia).

31 species of mammals have been identified within Wilpattu national park. Mammals that are identified as threatened species living within the Wilpattu National Park are the elephant (Elephas maximus maximus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus), leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). sambar (Rusa unicolor unicolor), spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis), mongoose, mouse and shrew are more of Wilpattu's residents.

Birds
The painted stork, the open bill, little cormorant, Sri Lankan junglefowl (Gallus lafayetii) along with many species of owls, terns, gulls, eagles, kites buzzards are to be found at Wilpattu National Park. Wetland bird species that can be seen in Wilpattu are the garganey (Anas querquedula), pintail (Anas acuta), whistling teal (Dendrocygna javanica), spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), black-headed ibis (Threskiornis malanocephalus), large white egret (Egretta alba modesta), cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and purple heron (Ardea purpurea).

Reptiles
The most common reptiles found in the park are the monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis), mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), common cobra (Naja naja), rat snake (Ptyas mucosus), Indian python (Python molurus), pond turtle (Melanonchelys trijuga) and the soft shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata) which are resident in the large permanent Villus.

Expansion of the boundary

The boundary of the Wilpattu national park originally enclosed the Puttalam District in the south and Anuradhapura District in the east. On October 10, 2012, the government published several gazettes (section 3 of the forest conservation ordinance, chapter 451) which effectively extended the park's boundary to include regions of the northern province. The expansion of the Wilpattu National Park boundary in 2012 is considered a significant obstacle for internally displaced people, particularly those affected by the Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern Province of Sri Lanka by the LTTE to return to their homeland.

Deforestation

After the end of the civil war, allegations had been made that parts of the reserve has been occupied to build houses by certain politicians in an attempt to create Muslim colonies in Wilpattu. The multiple civil societies and researchers put forth the notion that these were people who had been forcibly driven away by the LTTE in 1990 in accordance to their ethnic cleansing policy who had returned to their original villages.   Notably, the park was extended to the current size in 1999 after the ethnic cleansing where the old villages were marked as part of the park as claimed by the people in this area. Aerial images taken in 2018 reputedly shows that a considerable portion of the forest has been opened up and a large number of small houses being built in the area.

Gallery
Photographs of animals taken within the national park.

Birds

Reptiles

Terrestrial animals

References

External links

National parks of Sri Lanka
Ramsar sites in Sri Lanka
Protected areas established in 1938
Protected areas in North Central Province, Sri Lanka
Protected areas in North Western Province, Sri Lanka


KXXJ (1330 AM) is a classic hits formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Juneau, Alaska, serving Southeast Alaska. KXXJ is owned and operated by Cliff Dumas, through licensee BTC USA Holdings Management Inc. The station can also be heard on FM translator K227DP at 93.3 FM.

History

Launched in 2006 as KTNL, in 2007, the call sign was changed to KXLJ, which became an affiliate for Air America. When Air America went under in 2010, KXLJ became an ESPN Radio affiliate.

On May 12, 2011, Seattle Streaming Radio, LLC sold KXLJ to Alaska Broadcast Communications for $250,000. On July 1, 2011, KXLJ changed formats to classic hits as "1330 KXJ", a "nod" to Los Angeles's KHJ from the 60s and 70s, under a new KXXJ call sign.

Effective April 28, 2023 KXXJ, sister stations KINY and KSUP, and eight translators were sold to Cliff Dumas' BTC USA Holdings Management Inc. for $420,000.

External links

XXJ
Classic hits radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2006
2006 establishments in Alaska


THAP domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THAP4 gene.

References

Further reading


Cérilly may refer to the following places in France:

 Cérilly, Allier, a commune in the department of Allier
 Cérilly, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the department of Côte-d'Or
 Cérilly, Yonne, a commune in the department of Yonne


Cérilly () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

It is in close proximity to the largest and oldest untouched oak forest in western Europe: the Forest of Tronçais. Many oak trees exceed 250 years in age. The Troncais (pronounced: Tronssay) forest was first planted during the 13th century and used continuously since the late 17th century and until the early 19th century to supply masts and spars to the old French navy. It is now a state forest which supplies much of the choice oak used in making the best wine barrels that are used mostly in Burgundy.

Geography
Cérilly is located in the bocage bourbonnais natural region, spanning a sixth of la Forêt de Tronçais.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Anthony L. Krotiak (August 15, 1915 – May 8, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Krotiak joined the Army from his birth city of Chicago, Illinois, in November 1941, and by May 8, 1945, was serving as a private first class in Company I, 148th Infantry Regiment, 37th Infantry Division. On that day, in the Balete Pass, Luzon, the Philippines, he smothered the blast of a Japanese-thrown grenade with his body, sacrificing himself to protect those around him. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor the next year, on February 13, 1946.

Krotiak, aged 29 at his death, was buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, Alsip, Illinois.

Medal of Honor citation
Private First Class Krotiak's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He was an acting squad leader, directing his men in consolidating a newly won position on Hill B when the enemy concentrated small arms fire and grenades upon him and 4 others, driving them to cover in an abandoned Japanese trench. A grenade thrown from above landed in the center of the group. Instantly pushing his comrades aside and jamming the grenade into the earth with his rifle butt, he threw himself over it, making a shield of his body to protect the other men. The grenade exploded under him, and he died a few minutes later. By his extraordinary heroism in deliberately giving his life to save those of his comrades, Pfc. Krotiak set an inspiring example of utter devotion and self-sacrifice which reflects the highest traditions of the military service.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1915 births
1945 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military personnel from Chicago
United States Army soldiers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
American people of Polish descent
Deaths by hand grenade
Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Alsip, Illinois)


La Chabanne (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Ligue 2 season 2003–04, organised by the LFP was won by AS Saint-Étienne and saw the promotions of AS Saint-Étienne, SM Caen and FC Istres, whereas ASOA Valence, Besançon RC and FC Rouen were relegated to National.

20 participating teams

 Amiens
 Angers
 Besançon
 Caen
 Châteauroux
 Clermont
 Créteil
 Grenoble
 Gueugnon
 Istres
 Laval
 Le Havre
 Lorient
 Nancy
 Niort
 Rouen
 Saint-Étienne
 Sedan
 Troyes
 Valence

League table

Results

Top goalscorers

External links
RSSSF archives of results
Official attendance on LFP site

Ligue 2 seasons
French
2003–04 in French football


St John the Evangelist's Church is in the village of Alvanley, Cheshire, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Frodsham.  Its benefice is united with that of St John the Evangelist, Manley.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.  It is described by the authors of the Buildings of England series as "a building of some character".

History

The church was built in 1860 to a design by J. S. Crowther at the expense of Catherine Emma Arden, the youngest daughter of Richard Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley.

Architecture

Exterior
The church is built in red sandstone with gabled grey slate roofs in early Decorated style.  Its plan consists of four-bay nave with north and south aisles under separate roofs, and a chancel with a north vestry. On the west end is a corbelled belfry with small steeple containing two bells.  The windows contain either Geometric tracery, or Y-tracery.  The gables have ornate cross finials.

Interior
The arcades are carried on circular piers.  The stained glass dates from the early 20th century, and is probably by Shrigley and Hunt.  Also in the church is a wooden board giving the list of curates since 1677, and vicars since 1861.

External features

In the churchyard are two tombs which are listed at Grade II, and the war graves of a British and a Canadian soldier of World War I.

See also

Listed buildings in Alvanley
List of works by J. S. Crowther

References

Alvanley, St John the Evangelist's Church
Alvanley, St John the Evangelist's Church
Churches completed in 1860
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Alvanley, St John the Evangelist's Church
Alvanley, St John the Evangelist's Church


Chapeau () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Chapelle (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ingo Renner OAM (1 June 1940 – 26 February 2022) was an Australian glider pilot. He won the World Gliding Championships four times.

Renner was born in Hude in Germany and started gliding in 1954 at the LSV Hude (gliding club of Hude) of which he was an honorary member. In 1967 he moved to Australia and was granted Australian citizenship in 1971. He has flown over 37,000 hours.

Occupation as a gliding instructor
Renner joined Bill Riley's Sportavia Soaring Centre, a commercial gliding operation in Tocumwal (NSW), as flight instructor shortly after moving to Australia. From 1974, he worked during the European summers as a flight instructor at the Oerlinghausen training centre and at its branches in southern Europe, such as at Sondrio. Each year he returned to Australia for the southern summer. At the age of 65, he retired after working thirty seasons at Oerlinghausen. In 2006, Sportavia Soaring Centre closed but the Murray Border Flying Club extended its operations to include gliding. In 2009 the Southern Riverina Gliding club was formed, and Renner was its chief flying instructor for gliding.

Dynamic soaring
Renner is reported to have utilized the dynamic soaring technique with a Glasflügel H-301 Libelle at Tocumwal in 1974 and later flights in an Eiri-Avion PIK-20.

Records and FAI Badges
In addition to several Australian records, Renner established two world records. In 1975, he and Hilmer Geissler flew a two-seat glider (Caproni Vizzola Calif A-21) a straight distance of  from Bendigo in Victoria to Langley, a location approximately  west of Bundaberg in Queensland. In 1982, he flew a Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-3 around a  triangular course from Tocumwal airfield, New South Wales at an average speed of . In addition to his FAI gliding Gold badge with three diamonds, he earned the 27th FAI 1000 kilometre badge by a  flight in a Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-2 from Tocumwal airfield, New South Wales in 1980.

Achievements in competitions
In 1976 Renner won the World Gliding Championships in the Standard Class. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 he was World Champion in the Open Class. He also received the Dr. Mervyn Hall Trophy by the GFA as the Australian (Open Class) Champion in 1971/72, 1972/73, 1979/80, 1981/82, 1982/83, 1983/84 and 1991/92, and the GFA Shield (Team Trophy) in the seasons 1971/72, 1984/85, 1985/86, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1990/91 and 1998/99. To date he has been Australian National Champion nineteen times.

He was still taking part in the decentralized soaring competition OLC.

Other awards and honours

Renner was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1987. In 1988, he was awarded the FAI Lilienthal Gliding Medal and the Medal of the Order of Australia. In 2000 he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal.

Family
Renner's wife Judy is also a talented glider pilot. She has four daughters and eight grandchildren.

References

1940 births
2022 deaths
Australian glider pilots
Australian flight instructors
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Sportsmen from New South Wales
People from the Riverina
German emigrants to Australia
Lilienthal Gliding Medal recipients


The Miracle Worker is a three-act play by William Gibson adapted from his 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of the same name. It was based on Helen Keller's 1903 autobiography The Story of My Life.

The play's title was inspired by a Mark Twain quote: "Helen is a miracle, and Miss Sullivan is the miracle worker".

Plot
In Tuscumbia, Alabama, an illness renders infant Helen Keller blind, deaf, and consequently mute (deaf-mute). Pitied and badly spoiled by her parents, Helen is taught no discipline and, by the age of six, grows into a wild, angry, tantrum-throwing child in control of the household. Desperate, the Kellers hire Annie Sullivan to serve as governess and teacher for their daughter. After several fierce battles with Helen, Annie convinces the Kellers that she needs two weeks alone with Helen in order to achieve any progress in the girl's education. In this time, Annie teaches Helen discipline through persistence and consistency, and language through hand signals, a double breakthrough that changes Helen's life and has a direct effect on the lives of everyone in the family.

Characters
 Annie Sullivan
 Helen Keller
 Captain Arthur H. Keller, Helen's father
 Kate Keller, Helen's mother
 James Keller, Helen's half-brother
 Aunt Ev, Arthur's sister and Helen's aunt
 Michael Anagnos, director of the Perkins School for the Blind
 Viney, a servant in the Keller household
 Percy, Viney's son
 Martha, Viney's daughter
 Blind Girls
 Offstage Voices

Productions
The play premiered on Broadway at the Playhouse Theatre on October 19, 1959 and closed on July 1, 1961 after 719 performances. The production was directed by Arthur Penn with scenic and lighting design by George Jenkins and costumes by Ruth Morley. The cast starred Anne Bancroft as Anne Sullivan and Patty Duke as Helen Keller. Featured in the cast were Torin Thatcher as Captain Keller, Patricia Neal as Kate Keller, Michael Constantine as Anagnos, and Beah Richards as Viney. Patty Duke stayed with the production until May 1961. Her understudy, Karen Lee, replaced her on May 11, 1961 and stayed with the production through its closing on July 1, 1961. Suzanne Pleshette replaced Anne Bancroft on February 6, 1961.

The play was produced in the West End in March 1961 with Anna Massey as Sullivan and Janina Faye as Keller. It transferred to Wyndham's Theatre in May. A revival was produced at Wyndham's Theatre on August 31, 1994 and closed on October 8. The production was directed by Richard Olivier and Bill Kenwright. The cast featured Catherine Holman as Keller, Jenny Seagrove as Sullivan, William Gaunt as Captain Keller, Judi Bowker as Kate Keller, and Michael Thornton as Anagnos.

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the play, it was revived on Broadway at the Circle in the Square Theatre, opening on March 3, 2010. Directed by Kate Whoriskey, the cast starred Alison Pill as Sullivan and Abigail Breslin as Keller. The cast featured Matthew Modine as Captain Keller, Jennifer Morrison as Kate Keller, Tobias Segal as James Keller, and Elizabeth Franz as Aunt Ev. Despite critical praise, the revival failed to find an audience and closed on April 4 (after 21 previews and 38 regular performances), with the entire $2,600,000 capitalization in the project being lost.

In May 2011, Duke continued her career-long involvement with the play by directing a production of it at Interplayers Theatre in Spokane, Washington.

Ivy Green, Helen Keller's childhood home, hosts an annual outdoor production which is Alabama's official outdoor drama.

Critical response
Time called the original production "a story that, however well known, acquires stunning new reality and affectingness on the stage. The overwhelming force of the play's crucial scenes could not have derived from the stirring facts alone, nor from playwright Gibson's vivid use of them. What proves decisive is the extraordinary performances, the magnificent teamwork of Anne Bancroft and ten-year-old Patty Duke, and the brilliant direction of Arthur Penn". While noting some of the play's flaws, particularly in the areas of "some knotty Keller family relationships and some eerie Sullivan family memories", which it characterized as "fairly makeshift, at times clumsy, and, when sound-tracking voices from the past, occasionally embarrassing", it praised the scenes that "in the hands of two remarkable actresses, constitute unforgettable theater".

The New York Times in its review titled "Giver of Light" also praised the "glorious performance" of Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke's "wonderfully truthful and touching" performance as Helen, along with those of Patricia Neal and Torin Thatcher as Helen's parents. While finding similar flaws in the narrative structure of the play, it praised the play as "profoundly moving" and noted that any of its failings did not "destroy the emotional power of the essential struggle in the drama".

Screen adaptations

Gibson, Penn, Bancroft, and Duke reunited for a 1962 film adaptation which was highly acclaimed. Gibson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Penn was nominated as Best Director, and both Bancroft (portraying Sullivan) and Duke (portraying Keller) won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively. The play has been adapted for TV twice, first in 1979 with Duke as Sullivan and Melissa Gilbert as Helen and in 2000 with Alison Elliott as Sullivan and Hallie Kate Eisenberg as Helen. It's been adapted for Italian (RAI 1968) and Spanish (TVE, 1978).

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

References

External links

1959 plays
Play
Plays by William Gibson (playwright)
Broadway plays
Tony Award-winning plays
American plays adapted into films
Plays and musicals about disability
Plays set in Alabama


Chappes may refer to the following places in France:

 Chappes, Allier, a commune in the department of Allier
 Chappes, Ardennes, a commune in the department of Ardennes
 Chappes, Aube, a commune in the department of Aube
 Chappes, Puy-de-Dôme, a commune in the department of Puy-de-Dôme

See also

 Chappe (disambiguation)
 Chaps


Chappes (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Charmes (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Spanish Reconquest or just Reconquest (Spanish: Reconquista) is a period of Chilean history that started in 1814 with the royalist victory at the Battle of Rancagua and ended in 1817 with the patriot victory at the Battle of Chacabuco. During this time the supporters of the Spanish Empire restored their control over Chile, while the patriots tried to spread the independentist ideas among the people, mainly through the guerrilla of Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza. Authors such as the Chileans Julio Heise and Jaime Eyzaguirre prefer to call the period Absolutist Restoration, considering it merely the return to power of the royalists.

See also

 Treaty of Lircay
 Vicente San Bruno
 Army of the Andes
 Crossing of the Andes

1810s in the Captaincy General of Chile


1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5, also known as comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABHD5 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a large family of proteins defined by an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, and contains three sequence motifs that correspond to a catalytic triad found in the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily. It differs from other members of this subfamily in that its putative catalytic triad contains an asparagine instead of the serine residue. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a triglyceride storage disease with impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation.

CGI-58 is known to be a co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL/PNPLA2) that associates with lipid droplets in association with perilipin proteins.  Phosphorylation of certain perilipins by protein kinase A causes dissociation of CGI-58 from the perilipins and permits interaction with ATGL.  CGI-58 additionally interacts with beclin 1, and CGI-58 has been shown to promote autophagy in colorectal cancer in a PNPLA2-independent manner.

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of ABHD5 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Abhd5tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty three tests were carried out on mutant mice but no significant abnormalities were observed.

References

External links

Further reading

Genes mutated in mice


Aliteracy (sometimes spelled alliteracy) is the state of being able to read but being uninterested in doing so. This phenomenon has been reported on as a problem occurring separately from illiteracy, which is more common in the developing world, while aliteracy is primarily a problem in the developed world. In 2002, John Ramsey defined aliteracy as a loss of a reading habit usually since reading is slow and frustrating for the reader.

Unesco International Book Year report
In a publication analyzing the 1972 International Book Year, an estimate was given that as many as 57% of the citizens of an unnamed European nation known for their production of important books did not read books, or that 43% were book readers. Estimates for other industrialized nations' active readers ranged from 33 to 55%.

Commentary from authors, businesses and educators
Jim Trelease, author of The Read-Aloud Handbook, has stated that this trend away from the written word is more than worrisome, and that it's tearing apart culture. People who have stopped reading, he says, "base their future decisions on what they used to know...If you don't read much, you really don't know much...you're dangerous."

American historian Daniel Boorstin, in 1984, while serving as librarian of Congress, issued a landmark report: "Books in Our Future". Citing recent statistics that only about half of all Americans read regularly every year, he referred to the "twin menaces" of illiteracy and aliteracy. "In the United States today," Boorstin wrote, "aliteracy is widespread." In the United States, a 2008 study reported that 46.7% of adult Americans did not read a book not required for work or school during 2002.

Another alert to this phenomenon was a 1991 editorial in Fortune magazine by Stratford P. Sherman (with Laurie Kretchmar). It refers to a study by John P. Robinson, a sociology professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, showing that the average American at that time spent only 24 minutes per day in reading. Samuel Robert Lichter, director of the Center for Media and Public Affairs, is quoted on his preference for the ease of turning on the TV instead of reading a book.

Kylene Beers' 1996 study connected aliteracy with reading motivation in teens. She noted unmotivated readers complained about not connecting with the text and could not "see" or visualize what was happening in the book. The inability to relate to the characters reduced the desire to read.

Robert Putnam, in his book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community argues that television has fragmented our society.

Ways to create readers
Motorola is mentioned as making preparations to pay $5,000,000 to teach their workers reading skills, and Ford Motor Company is described as, since 1982, having already sent 32,000 workers to a similar program. Publisher Simon & Schuster was quoted as predicting a market of $500,000,000 per year in the sales of remedial programs to corporations.

Steven Layne's book, "Igniting a Passion for Reading" discusses several proven methods that readers can do to increase the desire to read in others.

One method is to read aloud, both to children and adults. Reading aloud allows the listener to hear the story without struggling through decoding the words and possible frustration.

Another method, used in schools, is to encourage students to read every day, choosing for themselves what to read, and reading simply for enjoyment. This is often referred to as Sustained Silent Reading (SSR). Dr. Stephen Krashen, a leading proponent of SSR, looked at 54 studies of such programs and found that in general, they were successful at improving reading skills and building a reading habit.

See also
Books v. Cigarettes (an essay by George Orwell)
Functional illiteracy
Literacy
Postliterate society
Reading
Strengthening Kids' Interest in Learning and Libraries Act
Transliteracy

External links
Reducing "Alliteracy" in High School Students, by Joanne Collison
Book Industry Statistics
Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (NEA)
Publishers Weekly statistics on reading
"Booksellers Lament Web Sales, Aliteracy; Stores Search for a Niche amid Reader Falloff" The Washington Times, September 27, 2007.
essay by Howard Rheingold on literacy and participation in virtual communities
"Gutenberg Blues", (essay on aliteracy) by John Olson, in the glade of theoric ornithic hermetica, October 29, 2008
Newsweek review of The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future (Or, Don't Trust Anyone Under 30) by Mark Bauerlein June 2 2008
"Twilight of the Books", an essay on the decline of reading from The New Yorker, December 24, 2007

References

Reading (process)
Literacy


The Diocese of Mindelo () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Cabo Verde. Its cathedral is Catedral Nossa Senhora da Luz in the episcopal see of Mindelo. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of any ecclesiastical province.

History
 December 19, 2003: Established as Diocese of Mindelo from the Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde

Bishops
Arlindo Gomes Furtado (2004–2009), appointed Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde (Cardinal in 2015)
Ildo Augusto Dos Santos Lopes Fortes (since January 25, 2011)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Cape Verde

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Cape Verde
Christian organizations established in 2003
Mindelo
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century
Roman Catholic bishops of Mindelo


This is a list of episodes  of the Canadian sitcom Sophie. The series debuted on CBC Television on January 9, 2008. The first season consisted of 13 episodes and the second season consisted of 19 episodes. The series was cancelled by CBC on March 27, 2009. No plans for DVD releases have been announced.

Season 1 (2008)

Season 2 (2008–2009)

Sophie


No. 611 (West Lancashire) Squadron is a British Royal Air Force squadron. It was first formed in 1936 and was disbanded in 1957 after seeing combat as a fighter unit during the Second World War. It was reformed as a reserve squadron in 2013.

History

Early years
The squadron was formed at RAF Hendon, Middlesex on 10 February 1936 as a day bomber unit. The squadron set up its permanent base at RAF Speke (now Liverpool John Lennon Airport) on 6 May and began recruiting personnel from Liverpool and the surrounding area. Its first Hawker Hart light bombers arrived in June, being replaced by Hawker Hinds from April 1938.

Wartime operations

On 1 January 1939, the unit became a fighter squadron, receiving its first Supermarine Spitfire Mk.I's in May. The squadron left for RAF Duxford on 13 August, as part of the Fighter Command's No. 12 Group, After a period of defensive duties on the east coast, No. 611 became fully operational from its RAF Digby base in Lincolnshire in May 1940, firstly over Dunkirk and then taking part in the Battle of Britain campaign with the Duxford Wing, 12 Group's 'Big Wing' formation.
The squadron commenced offensive sweeps over occupied northern France in January 1941, based at RAF Hornchurch, moving to RAF Drem in Scotland for recuperation in November 1941. The unit moved south again in June 1942 to RAF Kenley for deployment on shipping reconnaissance, escort and defensive missions. For Operation Overlord (the Allied invasion of Normandy) it was equipped with the Spitfire V LF as part of Air Defence of Great Britain, though under the operational control of RAF Second Tactical Air Force. No. 611 provided covering patrols for the invasion from its base at RAF Deanland. The squadron then moved to south-west England for a short period.

Long-range escort missions began to be flown from RAF Bradwell Bay, Essex, from late August 1944, until No. 611 moved to RAF Skeabrae in Orkney on 3 October. After converting to Merlin powered North American Mustang Mk.IV's the squadron again moved south, this time to RAF Hawkinge in Kent and resumed escort duties for the rest of the war. The squadron disbanded as an RAF squadron on 15 August 1945 at RAF Peterhead.

Postwar operations

The squadron reformed again at Liverpool's Speke airport on 10 May 1946 as a fighter squadron within the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. Because of growing airliner movements at Speke, the unit moved to RAF Woodvale near Southport on 22 July 1946 equipped with Spitfire F.14's and from June 1948 with the higher performance Spitfire F.22. Gloster Meteor F.4 jet fighters were received in May 1951, these requiring a move to the longer runways at RAF Hooton Park on the Wirral on 9 July. Re-equipment with updated Meteor F.8's came in December 1951 and these were flown from Hooton Park until the squadron disbanded on 10 March 1957, together with all other RAuxAF flying units.

611 Squadron was reformed at RAF Woodvale during 2013 in line with the expansion of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force recommended by the Future Reserves 2020 (FR20) Commission and endorsed by the Air Force Board Standing Committee. The commission was set up by the Prime Minister in 2010 to examine the shape and role of the Reserve Forces as part of the Strategic Defence and Security Review. The role of the squadron is to provide trained personnel to other RAF units.

Notable Pilots

 Eric Lock. July – November 1941 Top scoring British born pilot during the Battle of Britain and 26 confirmed victories during just six months of flying time.
 Barrie Heath. Heath shot down four German aircraft between 1940 and 1941. After the war he went on to become the chairman of the engineering giant GKN.
 Roland "Bee" Beamont. Famous test pilot.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

Commanding officers

See also
 List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
 List of Royal Air Force stations
 List of former Royal Air Force stations

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Brown, Squadron Leader Peter, AFC. Honour Restored: The Battle of Britain, Dowding and the Fight for Freedom. Spellmount, 2005.

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, (Part Work 1982–1985), Orbis Publishing, pp 4238/9

External links

 611 RAUxAF
 The Official 611 Squadron website
 Article about Norwegian Arne Austeen, former 611 pilot

Fighter squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
611
RAF squadrons involved in the Battle of Britain
Military units and formations established in 1936


Concerto Köln is an ensemble specialising in music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

The group formed in 1985, one of many groups associated with the surging interest in period instruments in that decade. Its members consisted mainly of recent graduates of conservatories from across Europe. They began touring the Continent, often making appearances at major festivals. In 1992 they founded the Cologne Festival of Early Music with the aid of Deutschland Radio. They receive no government subsidies, and do not have a permanent conductor, though the group has an artistic director, Martin Sandhoff. Among the concert masters is Evgeny Sviridov.

Their repertory stretches from early Baroque on through the Classical Era and as far into the nineteenth century as Wagner. They have also done a number of collaborative works, such as a disc juxtaposing Turkish folk music with pieces in a Turkish style by composers such as Mozart. They have recorded frequently with, among others, René Jacobs, Daniel Harding, Louis Langrée, David Stern, Ivor Bolton, Marcus Creed, Christopher Moulds and Evelino Pidò.

Discography
The ensemble has released more than 50 recordings, including the following:
 1987: Antonio Vivaldi; Giovanni Battista Sammartini; Pietro Antonio Locatelli - Six Concerti Venetiens
 1987: Gluck - Echo et Narcisse (Harmonia Mundi France)
 1990: Bach - Auf schmetternde Töne, BWV 207a, Schleicht, spielende Wellen, BWV 206
 1991: Handel - Giulio Cesare
 1992: Francesco Durante - Concerti
 1994: Gaetano Brunetti - Sinfonien
 1998: Carl Heinrich Graun - Cleopatra & Cesare
 1999: John Field - Piano Concertos Nos. 2 & 3, with Andreas Staier
 1999: Mozart - Così fan tutte
 2002: Uri Caine - Diabelli Variations (Winter & Winter)
 2003: Dream of the Orient. Concerto Köln & Ensemble Sarband (Archiv Produktion/Deutsche Grammophon)
 2004: Mozart - Le nozze di Figaro (Grammy Award)
 2005: The Waltz. Concerto Köln & Ensemble Sarband (Echo Klassik)
 2009: Henri-Joseph Rigel - Symphonies. (Echo Klassik)
 2010: Antonio Caldara - Arias with Philippe Jaroussky (Virgin Classics/EMI)
 2010: Bach - Orchestral Suites
 2012: Vinci - Artaserse

References
[ Info] at Allmusic

External links

German orchestras
EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists
Instrumental early music groups
Musical groups established in 1985
Music in Cologne
Deutsche Grammophon artists
1985 establishments in West Germany


Charroux may refer to:

Places
 Charroux, Allier, commune in the department of Allier, France
 Charroux, Vienne, commune in the department of Vienne, France
 Charroux Abbey, in Charroux, Vienne, France

People with the surname
Gaby Charroux (born 1942), French politician
Robert Charroux, French writer

French-language surnames


Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MECR gene.

Structure
The MECR gene is located on the 1st chromosome, with its specific location being 1p35.3. The gene contains 15 exons. MECR encodes a 21.2 kDa protein that is composed of 189 amino acids; 10 peptides have been observed through mass spectrometry data.

Function

The mtFAS pathway is essential for producing octanoic acid that is used to synthesize lipoic acid, which is essential for aerobic metabolism. The protein encoded by MECR is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the last step in mtFAS.

A Purkinje cell specific knock out of the Mecr gene in mice leads to neurodegeneration.

Clinical significance
Genetic mutations to MECR have been suggested to cause MEPAN Syndrome, a neurometabolic disorder in humans that involves disruptions in the pathway involved in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS).  MEPAN patients were found to harbor recessive mutations in MECR, and typically present with childhood-onset dystonia, optic atrophy, and basal ganglia signal abnormalities on MRI.

References

Further reading


Lambs Knoll is a peak of South Mountain on the border of Washington County and Frederick County in the state of Maryland. The  peak is the second tallest on South Mountain in Maryland behind Quirauk Mountain.

Geography
The peak is located to the south of Fox and Turner's Gaps, and marks the beginning of geographic change in South Mountain from a solitary narrow ridge to a broad highland plateau, as it nears the convergence with Catoctin Mountain.

The Appalachian Trail passes just to the southeast of the summit but a spur trail leads from it to the crest near an old fire tower and former Federal military microwave communications facility and concrete tower, now used by the FAA.  Just south of the peak the AT passes by White Rocks which provides the best views from the mountain.   The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club maintained Bear Springs Cabin is located on the eastern slope of the mountain.

History
Lambs Knoll was referred to as Lamb's Old Field in the 19th century and is likely named for Milton and Mary Lamb who are believed to have farmed the mountains summit in the 1830s.  The old nomenclature persisted through the civil war and possibly in to the 20th century.  The first published use of the modern name came in 1934 when the Civilian Conservation Corps erected a fire tower on the summit.  The fire tower was staffed through the late 1940s and used by hikers to obtain views of the Middletown and Hagerstown valleys until it was fenced off by the state of Maryland in the 1980s.

References
 Strain, Paula. The Blue Hills of Maryland.  Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, 1993 pp. 116–119

External links

Mountains of Maryland
Mountains on the Appalachian Trail
South Mountain Range (Maryland−Pennsylvania)
Landforms of Washington County, Maryland
Landforms of Frederick County, Maryland
Civilian Conservation Corps in Maryland


Charroux (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Plus Beaux Villages de France
Alpes-Maritimes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The battle of Rodosto () took place in February 1206 in the town of Rodosto (today Tekirdağ, Turkey) between the Bulgarians led by Emperor Kaloyan and the Crusaders. It resulted in a Bulgarian victory.

After the Bulgarians annihilated the Latin army in the battle of Rusion on 31 January 1206 the remnants of the shattered Crusader forces headed to the coastal town of Rodosto to seek refuge. The town had a strong Venetian garrison and was further supported by a regiment of 2,000 troops from Constantinople. However, the fear of the Bulgarians was so great that the Latins panicked with the very arrival of the Bulgarian soldiers. They were incapable to resist and after a short battle the Venetians began to flee to their ships in the port. In their haste to escape many boats were overloaded and sank and most Venetians drowned. The town was looted by the Bulgarians who continued their victorious march through eastern Thrace and captured many more towns and fortresses.

References

1206 in Europe
Battles involving the Second Bulgarian Empire
Battles involving the Latin Empire
13th century in Bulgaria
Bulgarian–Latin Wars
Conflicts in 1206
History of Tekirdağ


Complex I intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial (CIA30), or NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 1 (NDUFAF1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFAF1 or CIA30 gene. The NDUFAF1 gene encodes a human homolog of a Neurospora crassa protein involved in the assembly of complex I. The NDUFAF1 protein is an assembly factor of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) also known as complex I, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variants of the NDUFAF1 gene are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, leukodystrophy, and cardioencephalomyopathy.

Structure
NDUFAF1 is located on the q arm of chromosome 15 in position 15.1. The NDUFAF1 gene produces a 37.8 kDa protein composed of 327 amino acids. NDUFAF1 is associated to complexes of 600 and 700 kDa. Complex I is structured in a bipartite L-shaped configuration, which is made up of a peripheral matrix arm, consisting of flavoproteins and iron-sulfur proteins involved in electron transfer, and a membrane arm, consisting of mtDNA-encoded subunits involved in ubiquinone reduction and proton pumping. NDUFAF1 has been shown to interact with assembly intermediates and may play roles in the correct assembly and combination of the peripheral arm to the complete membrane arm as well as in the stabilization and scaffolding of those intermediates through those close interactions.

Function
NDUFAF1 is an assembly factor that is important for the correct assembly of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). It ensures the correct combination of complex intermediates and is necessary for the correct functioning of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). Specifically, NDUFAF1 binds to the large membrane arm intermediate and is involved in the combination of the small and large membrane arm intermediates of complex I. It has also been suggested that NDUFAF1 is involved in the stabilization and scaffolding of assembly intermediates and that this role may be more prominent than its part in intermediate combination.

Clinical Significance
Mutations in NDUFAF1 can result in mitochondrial deficiencies and associated disorders. A disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Phenotypes include macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy, non-specific encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease.

In a patient with missense mutations in NDUFAF1, fatal infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. In this case, complex I disassembly resulted in a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy with marked lactic acidosis. Another patient, a child with a compound heterozygous mutation (c.278A > G; c.247G > A) within exon 2 in the NDUFAF1 gene, was diagnosed with leukodystrophy associated with mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Signs and symptoms included regression of mental and motor development, white matter lesions, peripheral neuropathy with high muscle tension and hyperreflexia of limbs, and high levels of lactate and creatine kinase. The parents were found to be heterozygous carriers for the mutation. A third patient was found to have a mutation in both alleles of the NDUFAF1 gene and was diagnosed with cardioencephalomyopathy and reduced levels and activity of complex I.

Interactions
In addition to co-complexes, NDUFAF1 has protein-protein interactions with PNLIPRP1, TMEM97, TMEM86B, YIPF6, SLC30A2, ATIC, and MAGEA11.

References

Further reading

Human proteins


Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASB3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing (ASB) family of proteins. They contain ankyrin repeat sequence and SOCS box domain. The SOCS box serves to couple suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins and their binding partners with the elongin B and C complex, possibly targeting them for degradation. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but some of the full length sequences are not known.

References

External links

Further reading


Lariat debranching enzyme is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DBR1 gene.

The RNA lariat debranching enzyme, or DBR1, specifically hydrolyzes 2-prime-to-5-prime branched phosphodiester bonds at the branch point of excised lariat intron RNA and converts them into linear molecules.[supplied by OMIM]

References

Further reading


Châtelus may refer to the following communes in France:

 Châtelus, Allier, a commune in the Allier department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Châtelus, Isère, a commune in the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Châtelus, Loire, a commune in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Châtelus-le-Marcheix, a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Châtelus-Malvaleix, a commune in the Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region


Châtelus is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Crime in Brazil involves an elevated incidence of violent and non-violent crimes. Brazil's homicide rate was 27.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Brazil has the highest number of intentional homicides in the world, with 57,358 in 2018. In recent years, the homicide rate in Brazil has begun to decline. The homicide rate was 20.64 per 100,000 in 2020 with 43,879 killings, similar to 2019, but down from 30.67 per 100,000 in 2017.

Brazil is a central hub for the Illegal drug trade.

Homicides
In terms of absolute number of murders in a year, Brazil has the most murders of any country by total number (62,318) followed by India (29,000), the USA (25,000) and Mexico (24,576).

In 2018, Brazil had a murder rate of 24.7 per 100,000 people. In 2017, Brazil had a murder rate of 29.2 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 56,101 murders in Brazil in 2017. Another study has the 2017 murder rate at 32.4 per 100,000, with 64,357 homicides. In 2016, Brazil had a record 61,819 murders or on average 168 murders per day, giving a yearly homicide rate of 29.9 per 100,000 population.

In 2017, Brazil had a record number of murders, with homicides rising 4.20% with 63,880 homicides.

In 2019, the anti-violence NGO Rio de Paz stated that only 8% of homicides in Brazil lead to criminal convictions.

By Brazilian states

List of the Brazilian state capitals by homicide rate (homicides per 100,000):

Murders increased during the late-2000s. Bucking this trend are the two largest cities. In 2008 Rio de Janeiro registered the lowest murder rate in 18 years, while São Paulo is now approaching the 10 murders per 100,000 mark, down from 35.7 in 1999. A notable example is the municipality of Diadema, where crime rates fell abruptly.

Total murders set new records in the three years from 2009 to 2011, surpassing the previous record set in 2003. 2003 still holds the record for murders per 100,000 in Brazil; that year alone the rate was 28.9. Police records post significantly lower numbers than the health ministry.

Seven out of the twenty most violent cities in the world are in Brazil due to a rise in street violence. In descending order as of April 2018, they are: Natal (fourth highest homicide rate worldwide), Fortaleza (seventh), Belém (tenth), Vitória da Conquista (eleventh), Maceió (fourteenth), Aracaju (eighteenth), and Feira de Santana (nineteenth).

Robbery

Carjacking is common, particularly in major cities. Local citizens and visitors alike are often targeted by criminals, especially during public festivals such as the Carnaval. Pickpocketing and bag snatching are common. Thieves operate in outdoor markets, in hotels and on public transport.

A trending crime known as "arrastões" (dragnets) occur when many perpetrators act together, simultaneously mug pedestrians, sunbathers, shopping mall patrons, and/or vehicle occupants stuck in traffic. Arrastões and random robberies may occur during big events (Carnaval), soccer games, or during peak beach hours.

Kidnapping
Express kidnappings, where people are abducted while withdrawing funds from ATM, are common in major cities including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brasília, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Salvador and Recife.

Corruption

Corruption in Brazil is a pervasive social problem. Brazil scored 38 on the 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index, tying with India and Bosnia and Herzegovina, being ranked 76th among 175 countries. Corruption was cited among many issues that provoked the 2013 protests in Brazil.
Embezzlement and corruption have influenced Brazilian elections for decades; however, the electorate continues to vote, whether out of preference or lack of choice, for candidates who have been accused, and in some instances convicted, on charges of corruption.

Domestic violence

Between 10 and 15 women are murdered each day in Brazil. A government sponsored study found that 41,532 women were murdered in Brazil between 1997 and 2007. In 2012, 8% of all homicide victims were female. However, this is still far below the male victimization rate, in which men constitute 92% of homicide victims in Brazil as of 2012.

Crime dynamics

Prevention and drug war

A program to combat gangs and gang centered violence, the 'Pacifying Police Units' (UPP), was introduced in the traditionally violent favelas of Rio de Janeiro in 2008/2009. UPP personnel are well-educated and trained in both human rights and modern police techniques; their aim is to supplant the community presence of gangs as central community figures. In 2013, 34 UPP units operated in 226 different communities, with a reach of 1.5 million citizens.

The UPP program symbolizes a new crime prevention paradigm that focuses on social inclusion and community development. However, in some areas the homicide rate was already dropping prior to the implementation of the program. Therefore, the drop in crime may be due to a general trend of decline in homicides as well.

According to Instituto de Segurança Pública (ISP) data, between 2007 (the year before the first UPP) and 2013, the violent death rate in areas with UPPs dropped by 80% – a much more pronounced reduction than in the rest of the municipality, which also experienced a drop in these indices over the period. The homicide rate caused by opposition to police intervention was the indicator of violence that showed the most significant reduction, of almost 90%, but also decreased other crimes against life and property.

In 2014, however, the violent lethality indicators rose again not only in the UPP areas, but in the entire municipality. Rio had not seen so many violent deaths since 2009, the first year of the UPPs. Today the numbers are practically the same as in the pre-UPP period.

In the latest survey by the Cândido Mendes University Center for Security and Citizenship Studies (Cesec), carried out in 2014 with UPP officers, researchers had already found a complete abandonment of the "proximity" approach and the return to repressive policing. According to them, the "lack of command, control and logistics" is the cause of all the problems in the Pacifying Police Units, including the death of police officers in the communities.

As of 2015, Pacifying Police Units (UPPs) of Rio de Janeiro are no longer useful, according to specialists. After more than ten years of design, they are now beginning to undergo drastic changes, since police officers from different units also began to patrol the streets, in addition to the usual policing. The lack of formalization of the program and the establishment of evaluation indicators was also a problem, say the researchers. The UPPs have never had an internal and systematic evaluation.

The movement was expanded "hastily", in an "unbridled" way. Between 2010 and 2013, the number of UPPs almost tripled, jumping from 13 to 36. The exaggerated expansion also ended up overloading the Military Police, an institution that, according to Rodrigues, a former Military Police Colonel, already needed (and still needs) structural reforms. "The solution is beyond the police. It seems a cliché, but the social part has been missing since the beginning of the project", evaluated the former Commander of the Military Police between 2007 and 2008. In the 7 years of the project, there were several allegations of corruption and abuse of force involving UPP soldiers. The most remembered among them is the torture and death of the bricklayer Amarildo de Souza.

The proposal, however, proved to be flawed due to the inexperience of these new military police officers with no apparent condition to work in former faction strongholds, as was the case in Rocinha and Complexo do Alemão. Burning containers, lack of restrooms and armor, accumulated garbage, broken air conditioning was just one of the proofs that the military police were not working under ideal conditions. And on at least eight bases the PMs would be working in an extreme situation. Former ISP Director Ana Paula Miranda also believes that "during all this time, an idea was made that the problems in Rio de Janeiro were over", "That was the first mistake. Excessive advertising not taking into account the flaws throughout the project".

Since the first UPP arrived, in the Santa Marta community, in Botafogo, in 2008, the reality of the residents has changed not only in relation to the actions of armed groups. Everything got more expensive: the electricity bill started to arrive and there was no way to practice these "thefts" in electricity. By 2015, the favela that had once a "model" UPP unit, saw the number of homicides spike, alongside the drug war.

In the past, the State of Rio de Janeiro had already carried out a similar attempt at occupation, and for the same reasons, in Ana Paula's opinion, the project did not succeed and, it seems, the lesson was not learned. "The strategy is very similar. There was a lack of perception that these problems would all happen later".

In April 2017, at Complexo do Alemão, a  armored tower was installed, resistant to rifles and grenade explosions, to house UPP police from the Nova Brasília community.

As of May 2021, a new project was released by the then Governor Cláudio Castro and documents obtained by the media in September showed the discussion of the project for at least 2 months. Called Cidade Integrada (Integrated City), the new program for the occupation of communities by the Government of Rio de Janeiro, in a model of public security and urban and social interventions. It is not yet clear, however, how the police will act in this new project.

Jacarezinho, where there is strong influence from drug trafficking, and Muzema, controlled by the militia, are expected to be the first to receive the program, with its launch scheduled for late November or early December.

Gangs

Gang violence has been directed at police, security officials and related facilities. Gangs have also attacked official buildings and set alight public buses. May 2006 São Paulo violence began on the night of 12 May 2006 in São Paulo, Brazil. It was the worst outbreak of violence recorded in Brazilian history and was directed against security forces and some civilian targets. By 14 May the attacks had spread to other Brazilian states including Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Another outbreak of violence took place in São Paulo in July 2006.

2016 saw a new string of deadly prison riots. The nature of these riots was a turf war between the Primeiro Comando da Capital and other gangs, with the PCC aggressively expanding its territory. In 2019, a prison riot between two gangs, Comando Vermelho and Comando Classe A, left 57 dead after hours of fighting.

Brazilian gang members have used children to commit crimes because their prison sentences are shorter. As of 2007, murder was the most common cause of death among youth in Brazil, with 40% of all murder victims aged between 15 and 25 years old.

In regard to inter-gang conflict, gangs typically challenge or demand an aggressive reaction to defend their reputations. If someone does not respond in this manner, they are socially isolated. The gangs in Brazil are very territorial, and focused on their illegal business. Theft and robbery bring in small amounts of money compared to narcotic and weapons sales so it is less common for these gangs to get involved in petty crimes of theft or robbery.

The gangs in Rio de Janeiro are interested in harmony because they do not want any contact with the police. They will help others in the community, with money and even protection, just to be sure that the police do not come around. Children and other members of the community see notably rich and powerful gang members and want to emulate this behavior. Gang members then become a substitute for family and are role models because they have respect and money.

It is most common for these gangs to be under a military command structure. Each Rio favela has one dono who controls the managers of a favela and the soldados in his territory. The latter protect the favela against other drug factions and the police. They are also responsible for taking over other favelas. The managers of a favela control the managers of the bocas (the places where drugs are sold in the favela). The managers of the bocas in turn control the drug dealers who sell the drugs in the area around a boca. There are children and women who wait at the entrances to a favela to signal to the others if the police or other gangs are about to enter. It is normal to join at about 10 years old, and by 12 years old to carry weapons. These gangs are attractive to the children and youth because they offer protection, recognition, and career options that those who join could not achieve on their own. Favelas are now often controlled by juveniles and young adults.

The concern here is of the strong ties that are between illegal business and politicians, police officers, the justice system, and the economy. Not all people are involved but all layers of society are affected because of corruption. Police are bribed to not disturb what these gangs are doing, and many of them are dealers themselves. Also, young children carry guns and may be nervous, aware of peer pressure, or on drugs, and can become careless. Brutality and homicide rates have skyrocketed in countries with younger gang members like this.

Drug trafficking

Drug trafficking makes up for an increasingly large portion of crime in Brazil. A total of 27% of all incarcerations in Brazil are the result of drug trafficking charges. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of drug related incarcerations has increased from 60.000 to 134.000; a 123 percent increase.

The primary drug trafficking jobs for children and youth are:
 endoladores: packages the drugs
 olheiro(a) and/or fogueteiro(a): lookouts to provide early warning of police or any enemy drug faction invasion
 Drug mule: carries drugs to others inside their body, these are unwilling members of a gang, and don't survive for very long.
 vapor: drug sales persons
 gerente da boca: overseer of drug sales
 soldado(a): soldiers, armed and employed to maintain protection
 fiel: personal armed security guard for the "gerente geral"
 gerente geral or dono: owner/boss
 Aviões (literally translated to "little airplanes"). These are the children who deliver messages and drugs to customers. They are not described in the hierarchal organization, but they are very low/entry-level positions. In addition, those I. this position have the most arrests.

Of 325 incarcerated youth, 44% of boys and 53% of girls reported some involvement with drug trafficking. Selling and carrying drugs were the most common activities between both boys and girls. The most common drug was marijuana, followed by cocaine and crack. From the study; 74% had used marijuana, 36% had snorted cocaine, and 21% had used crack.

Youth held low positions in the hierarchy and engaged in relatively low volumes of activity for short periods of time, but 51% of youth involved with trafficking reported it to be very easy to obtain a gun, while 58% involved in trafficking reported it to be very easy to obtain cocaine.

On 6 May 2021, at least 25 people were killed in a shootout between police and a drug-dealing gang.

Penalties
Criminal penalties for youths, who make up a significant portion of street crime, is internment in educational centers with a maximum stay of 3 years. Youths are not punished under the penal code, but under the Brazilian Statute of the Child and Adolescent.

For adults, the consumption of drugs is nearly decriminalized, but activities in any way related to the sale of drugs are illegal. The distinction between drug consumers and suppliers is poorly defined and thus controversial. This ambiguity gives judges a high degree of discretion in sentencing, and leads to accusations of discriminatory or unequal court rulings. Drug consumers receive light penalties varying from mandatory self-education on the effects of drugs to community service. The minimum sentence for a drug supplying offense is 5 to 15 years in prison. Critics of the consumer/supplier distinction between offenses argue for a more complex categorization than only two categories, to allow for more lenient punishments for minor drugs violations. Former UN secretary general Kofi Annan and former president of Brazil Cardoso argue for stepping away from the "war" approach on drugs, saying the militant approach can be counterproductive. However, many others hold a hard-line preference for heavy penalization.

See also
 Brazilian police militias
 Law enforcement in Brazil
 Social apartheid in Brazil
 Terrorism in Brazil

References

Crime in Brazil
Primeiro Comando da Capital
CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)


Cytochrome b5 reductase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYB5R4 gene.

NCB5OR is a flavohemoprotein that contains functional domains found in both cytochrome b5 (CYB5; MIM 250790) and CYB5 reductase (DIA1; MIM 250800).[supplied by OMIM]

References

Further reading

External links


Ruth Frances Bishop  (12 May 1933 – 12 May 2022) was an Australian virologist, who was a leading member of the team that discovered the human rotavirus.

Biography
Bishop was born in Dandenong, Victoria, and grew up in Frankston where her father was principal of Frankston High School.

Bishop obtained a B. Sc., majoring in microbiology, in 1954 followed by a M. Sc. in the same field in 1958 and graduated with a PhD in microbiology in 1961.

In 1973, Bishop, along with Geoffrey Davidson (Royal Children's Hospital) and collaborators Ian Holmes and Brian Ruck (University of Melbourne), examined cells from the intestines of children with gastroenteritis. Intestinal biopsies were taken at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, and sent to Ian Holmes and Brian Ruck (University of Melbourne) to be examined by electron-microscopy.

Under the electron microscope cells were seen to be infected with viruses, which were originally named "duovirus" because they were seen in the duodenum and had a double capsid. The name "rotavirus" was later suggested by the Irishman, Thomas Henry Flewett, because of the round, wheel-like shape of virus particles. Rotaviruses cause diarrhoea and vomiting in young children and are a leading cause of death in the developing countries. Three thousand children are now hospitalised with rotavirus every year, down from 10,000 before the vaccine was introduced in 2007. Bishop said the invention of electron microscopy helped her make the discovery. The team's discovery led to a global effort to control of rotavirus.

Bishop  also published theoretical works about the patterns in the epidemiology of rotavirus infection.

From 1983 to 1988, Bishop was Chair of the Committee on Diarrhoeal Diseases with the World Health Organization (WHO).

Awards and honours

Bishop was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours in recognition of service to medical research, particularly for her contributions to the understanding of gastroenteritis in children. In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours she was promoted to Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for "eminent service to global child health through the development of improved vaccines for paediatric gastroenteritis, and to medical research".

In 2001, she was inducted to the Victorian Honour Roll of Women. In 2011, she received the Prince Mahidol Award awarded by the Thai Royal Family for outstanding achievement in public health.

Bishop was awarded the Florey Medal in 2013 for her discovery of rotavirus and subsequent work helping to develop a vaccine. The medal recognises significant achievements in biomedical research. This was the first time a woman was honoured with this award.

In 2020, the Melbourne based Bio21 building announced Ruth Bishop as the namesake of their new imaging building, the "Ruth Bishop Building", housing the University of Melbourne's Ian Holmes Imaging Centre.

References

1933 births
2022 deaths
Australian virologists
Australian women scientists
Officers of the Order of Australia
Companions of the Order of Australia
World Health Organization officials
University of Melbourne alumni
Academic staff of the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne women
Australian officials of the United Nations
Scientists from Melbourne
People from Frankston, Victoria


GPN-loop GTPase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPN3 gene.

References

Further reading


Châtillon () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSL24D1 gene.

This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with human ribosomal protein L24. Although this gene has been referred to as RPL24, L30, and 60S ribosomal protein L30 isolog in the sequence databases, it is distinct from the human genes officially named RPL24 (which itself has been referred to as ribosomal protein L30) and RPL30. The function of this gene is currently unknown. This gene utilizes alternative polyadenylation signals.

References

External links

Further reading

Ribosomal proteins


Importin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IPO11 gene.

References

Further reading


Raymond Larry Knight (June 15, 1922 – April 25, 1945) was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Knight joined the Army Air Forces from Houston, Texas in October 1942, and by April 24, 1945, was a first lieutenant piloting a P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft. On that day and the following day, in the northern Po Valley, Italy, he repeatedly volunteered to lead attacks on enemy air bases and exposed his aircraft to intense hostile fire in low-altitude reconnaissance and strafing missions. During a mission on April 25, his airplane was badly damaged by anti-aircraft fire. Knowing that his unit was short on aircraft, he decided against parachuting to safety and instead attempted to fly the Thunderbolt back to his home airbase, but crashed in the Apennine Mountains and was killed. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor five months later, on September 24, 1945.

Knight, aged 22, died on April 25, 1945.  His remains were relocated to Houston National Cemetery on April 25, 1992.

Awards and decorations
His decorations include:

Medal of Honor citation
First Lieutenant Knight's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He piloted a fighter-bomber aircraft in a series of low-level strafing missions, destroying 14 grounded enemy aircraft and leading attacks which wrecked 10 others during a critical period of the Allied drive in northern Italy. On the morning of 24 April, he volunteered to lead 2 other aircraft against the strongly defended enemy airdrome at Ghedi. Ordering his fellow pilots to remain aloft, he skimmed the ground through a deadly curtain of antiaircraft fire to reconnoiter the field, locating 8 German aircraft hidden beneath heavy camouflage. He rejoined his flight, briefed them by radio, and then led them with consummate skill through the hail of enemy fire in a low-level attack, destroying 5 aircraft, while his flight accounted for 2 others. Returning to his base, he volunteered to lead 3 other aircraft in reconnaissance of Bergamo airfield, an enemy base near Ghedi and 1 known to be equally well defended. Again ordering his flight to remain out of range of antiaircraft fire, 1st Lt. Knight flew through an exceptionally intense barrage, which heavily damaged his Thunderbolt, to observe the field at minimum altitude. He discovered a squadron of enemy aircraft under heavy camouflage and led his flight to the assault. Returning alone after this strafing, he made 10 deliberate passes against the field despite being hit by antiaircraft fire twice more, destroying 6 fully loaded enemy twin-engine aircraft and 2 fighters. His skillfully led attack enabled his flight to destroy 4 other twin-engine aircraft and a fighter plane. He then returned to his base in his seriously damaged plane. Early the next morning, when he again attacked Bergamo, he sighted an enemy plane on the runway. Again he led 3 other American pilots in a blistering low-level sweep through vicious antiaircraft fire that damaged his plane so severely that it was virtually nonflyable. Three of the few remaining enemy twin-engine aircraft at that base were destroyed. Realizing the critical need for aircraft in his unit, he declined to parachute to safety over friendly territory and unhesitatingly attempted to return his shattered plane to his home field. With great skill and strength, he flew homeward until caught by treacherous air conditions in the Appennines Mountains [sic], where he crashed and was killed. The gallant action of 1st Lt. Knight eliminated the German aircraft which were poised to wreak havoc on Allied forces pressing to establish the first firm bridgehead across the Po River; his fearless daring and voluntary self-sacrifice averted possible heavy casualties among ground forces and the resultant slowing on the German drive culminated in the collapse of enemy resistance in Italy.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1922 births
1945 deaths
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
Burials at Houston National Cemetery
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in Italy
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1945
Military personnel from Houston
Aviators from Texas
Recipients of the Air Medal


Carboxypeptidase A4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA4 gene.

This gene is a member of the carboxypeptidase A/B subfamily, and it is located in a cluster with three other family members on chromosome 7. Carboxypeptidases are zinc-containing exopeptidases that catalyze the release of carboxy-terminal amino acids, and are synthesized as zymogens that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. This gene could be involved in the histone hyperacetylation pathway. It is imprinted and may be a strong candidate gene for prostate cancer aggressiveness.

References

External links

Further reading


Karl Hermann Martell (November 17, 1906 in Tilsit – December 28, 1966 in Hamburg) was a German actor.

Martell was only 14 when he had his first performance in a silent movie, Das große Geheimnis (1920). In subsequent years, he was often seen as a supporting actor. In the 1930s, he reached main billing in romance and adventure films and acted as a partner of Zarah Leander in four movies. During World War II he participated in  Alarm, Ohm Krüger, Back Then and Das alte Lied.

After the Second World War, in the 1950s, Martell tried to resume his movie career, but he was given mainly B-movie roles. He also produced documentaries. In his last film, The Blue Moth (1959), he again appeared with Zarah Leander, albeit in a minor role.

Filmography

 1920: Das grosse Geheimnis
 1921: The Golden Plague
 1922: Das goldene Haar
 1936: Der Zweck heiligt die Mittel
 1937: Dangerous Game
 1937: Crooks in Tails
 1937: Premiere
 1937: La Habanera
 1938: The Gambler
 1938: Women for Golden Hill
 1939: D III 88
 1939: Dein Leben gehört mir
 1939: New Year's Eve on Alexanderplatz
 1939: Die Geliebte
 1941:  Alarm
 1941: Ohm Krüger
 1942: With the Eyes of a Woman
 1943: Laugh, Pagliacci
 1943: Laugh Bajazzo
 1943: Back Then
 1945: Das alte Lied
 1945: Zwischen Herz und Gewissen
 1945: Das fremde Leben
 1951: Herzen im Sturm
 1951: Mathematik der Schönheit (director)
 1953: Seenot...---...SOS (director)
 1953: Stars Over Colombo
 1954: The Prisoner of the Maharaja
 1959: The Blue Moth

References
 The first version of this entry is a partial translation of the corresponding German website from 1/21/2008.

External links

 Karl Martell in zarah-leander.de
 Biographie (fr.)

1906 births
1966 deaths
People from Tilsit
Actors from East Prussia
German male film actors
20th-century German male actors


Joannes Theodorus Wamelink (10 November 1827 in Aalten, Gelderland, the Netherlands – 31 December 1900), was a prominent musician and composer in Cleveland, Ohio.

Emigration to Cleveland
In 1835, Wamelink and his family, father Hermanus Wamelink and mother  Maria Johanna Francisca De Reuwer Wamelink emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio, with his eight siblings. Wamelink as a youth of fourteen, became the first organist of St. Mary of the Flats Catholic Church. When the superstructure of the cathedral was completed, a new organ was installed, which the Cleveland Herald of that time refers to as the finest in the district.

For a period, Wamelink moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and while there worked as a composer in conjunction with Charles B. Barr. In 1853 Wamelink married Catherine Sweetland, of Pittsburgh then returned with her to Cleveland, where he continued to work in music.

Years in Cleveland, Ohio
Upon his return to Cleveland, Wamelink opened a piano shop on Superior St. He continued as a composer, music, and voice teacher, and for nearly 30 years was the organist at St. John's Cathedral in Cleveland. He was the founder of the Haydn Society; the first musical society in Cleveland and served as its director for many years. He died on 31 Dec 1900, and is interred in the St. John's Cemetery.  The City of Cleveland named a street near University Circle after Wamelink.

Musical Compositions
Wamelink composed many pieces of music, a number of which are found in the collections of: The Library of Congress, The Carnegie Library in Pittsburgh, Stanford University, the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, Washington State University, and the Penn Libraries, among others. His compositions include:

First Mass in C, Ave Maria
Central Skating Park Polka
Skating Rink Waltz
Sweetbrier Polka Mazurka, 1854
Homewood Polka Mazurka, 1855
O Sing That Melody Again, 1858
The Queen Rose, 1859
Col J. B. Clark's Return, 1862
Sanitary Fair Grand March, 1864
Liberty and Union, 1864
Dying Soldier Boy, 1864
Petroleum Is King, 1865
Wild Bird's Song, 1865
President Lincoln's Funeral March, 1865
We'll March Once More, My Boys, 1872
United, in 1874 Roses, 1874
Col. Clark's Grand Triumphant March, 1875
The Veterans of '76, 1876.

External links
 CLPGH.org

 CDLIB.org

1827 births
1900 deaths
American male composers
American organists
American male organists
Dutch emigrants to the United States
People from Aalten
Musicians from Cleveland
19th-century American composers
19th-century male musicians
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century organists


Konongo (also Konongo-Odumase) is a gold bar mining and manganese mining community located in Ashanti, Ghana. The town serves as the capital of the Asante Akim Central Municipal. As of 2012, Konongo has a settlement population of 41,238 people. Konongo is about  from Kumasi, the Ashanti capital.

Toponymy
The name of Konongo is derived from rural folklore of drinking palm oil (kor-nom-ngo).

Gold Mining and Manganese Mining
The Gold mining town of Konongo has always been a lively town. It was a very boisterous town many decades before the 1950s. Konongo was the commercial capital of the Kumasi East Council which later became the Asante-Akyem District. The Gold mines that was owned by British companies attracted many nationalities from the West African Sub-Region as well as other ethnic groups from the West African Sub-Region.

Konongo Gold Mine Konongo Gold Mine is a suspended open pit mine in Ashanti and the Konongo Gold Mine mainly produces bullion gold bars. In Raw Materials Data production data for gold for 6 years, between 1984 and 1992 can be found and the Konongo Gold Mine is controlled/owned by Signature Metals Ltd, Konongo Gold Mine is just one of 26,000 entities to be found in Raw Materials Data, the mining industry's most extensive database. Konongo has manganese ores deposits estimated at over 1.7 million metric tonnes at Odumase near Konongo in Ashanti as the Ashanti manganese ores deposits have manganese content of 19.7%.

Education

Konogo-Odumase is the location of the Konongo-Odumase Senior High School, a coeducational second cycle institution. It  was officially opened on 23 February 1953

In December 2017, over 100 students of the Konongo-Odumase Senior High School (SHS) were displaced after a huge fire engulfed the school's boys’ dormitory on Saturday night.

Notable people
Professional footballer Sulley Muntari was born and raised in the town, as was percussionist Rebop Kwaku Baah.

Some prominent lawyers from Konongo include: Maxwell Opoku-Agyemang Esq, a senior lecturer and acting Director of the Ghana of the Ghana School of Law, Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi current Member of Parliament of Asante Akyem Central Constituency, S.K Boafo Esq, a private legal practitioner and politician, *Richard Adu Darko Esq*, a private legal practitioner, politician and entrepreneur. Prominent geographer, Hanson Frimpong-Nyantakyi and trade economist, Eugene Bempong Nyantakyi of the World Bank and African Development Bank are from this town.

See also
Geology of Ghana
Birimian

References

External links

Populated places in the Ashanti Region


Voisey may refer to:

 Robert Voisey (born 1969), composer and impresario
 William Voisey (1891–1964), football player and manager
 Neuvelle-lès-Voisey, commune in France
 Voisey, Haute-Marne, a commune in the Haute-Marne department, France
 Voisey's Bay, a bay in eastern Canada


Dual specificity phosphatase 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP13  gene.

Function

Members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily cooperate with protein kinases to regulate cell proliferation and  differentiation. This superfamily is separated into two families based on the substrate that is dephosphorylated. One family, the dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) acts on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/threonine residues. This gene encodes different but related DSP proteins through the use of non-overlapping open reading frames, alternate splicing, and presumed different transcription promoters. Expression of the distinct proteins from this gene has been found to be tissue specific and the proteins may be involved in postnatal development of specific tissues. A protein encoded by the upstream ORF was found in skeletal muscle, whereas the encoded protein from the downstream ORF was found only in testis. In mouse, a similar pattern of expression was found. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants were described, but the full-length sequence of only some were determined.

References

Further reading

EC 3.1.3