Lexington Market station is an underground Metro SubwayLink station in Baltimore, Maryland. It is one of 14 stops in the downtown Baltimore area. The station is a transportation hub, a designated transfer station to the Light RailLink  Lexington Market station. The station is also served by a number of bus lines.

Station layout

Artwork

The concrete beams above the station platform are decorated with a ceramic mosaic created by Baltimore artist Patricia Alexander for a commission of $68,300.

Bus connections
The station has two entrances, one on Lexington Street and one on Saratoga Street. The Lexington Street entrance is located directly across from the main entrance to Lexington Market. The Saratoga Street entrance is a block away, and is located at the stops for bus routes:
5, 15, 19, 23, 27, 47, 91, 120, 150, 320
Baltimore Light Rail

References

External links

Baltimore Light Rail and Metro Subway Parking Info
Saratoga Street entrance to Metro Subway from Google Maps Street View
 Lexington Street entrance to Metro Subway from Google Maps Street View

Metro SubwayLink stations
Downtown Baltimore
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1983
1983 establishments in Maryland
Railway stations in Baltimore


The Charollais is a breed of domestic sheep originating in east central France, in the same region in which Charolais cattle originated, Charolles and Saône-et-Loire. It is known for ease of lambing and is used as a terminal sire to increase muscling and growth rate of the lambs. It has been exported internationally, and is commonly used in the United Kingdom as a sire to produce market lambs from pure-bred ewes and mules.

History
This breed originates in the Charolles and Saône-et-Loire regions of East-Central France, developed in the 19th century from local breeds and intended to be crossed with the British Dishley Leicester. The breed was first introduced to the UK in 1977 where it was further improved. Charollais sheep were introduced to Ireland in 1990 and Canada in 1994.

General characteristics

Physical characteristics
The Charollais sheep is a medium to large sized breed used as a terminal sire. The head is pinkish-brown and is usually free of wool but may have a fine covering of pale coloured hair and both sexes are polled (without horns). It is long in the back, wedge shaped and well-muscled. A high frequency of the Myostatin gene mutation is responsible for the increased muscling observed in the Charollais breed.  The breed is fine boned making for a high killing out percentage. The legs are brown, quite short and free of wool. On average at maturity, rams weigh  and ewes weigh .

Temperament
Charollais ewes display a docile temperament and good maternal instincts, making them both easy to work with and excellent mothers.

Wool

The fleece usually weighs between  and has a staple length of . The wool is medium grade and measures 56 to 60 on the Bradford count, with a diameter of 29 to 30.5 microns.

Reproduction
The pure bred ram is willing and eager to mate for most of the year and is long-lived. Rams reach sexual maturity at approximately 7 months of age and many are still working at seven years of age and some live to ten. The ewes have an extended breeding season and are prolific; those lambing in December average 180% while those lambing in February reach 200%. The ease of lambing achieved due to their small head size and wedge shaped body means minimal stress to both the ewe and lamb. Lambs are vigorous, keen to suck and have a rapid growth rate.  Ewe lambs can be bred at seven months, when they reach sexual maturity. Birth weights average 5.0 kg (11 lbs) for singles, 4.0 kg (9 lbs) for twins and 3.5 kg (8 lbs) for triplets.

Production
The Charollais breed excels in both pasture or confinement system, making them versatile for the modern shepherd. The breed is known to maintain body condition well through production cycles. The Charollais breed is known to produce a high quality, lean carcass and have a high meat to bone ratio. Dressing percentage is above average at ≈50-59%.

Breed standards

Structural correctness
Structural correctness incorporates aspects of conformation that encourage good health and well-being. Charollais animals selected for breeding should display structural correctness in relation to teeth, displaying short straight teeth, resting directly on the pad. Feet should be neat and not misshapen, pasterns should be short, straight an upright. Legs should be a medium distance apart with appropriate fineness of bone. Hind legs should have a good definition of hock. The shoulders and top-line should be level and strong  with good length and fleshy. Undesirable traits include narrow or pointed top-line and/or shoulders and excessive fat. Rams should display two balanced testicles of adequate size and Ewes should display an udder free of lumps and malformations.

Breed characteristics
Breed characteristics define traits that set the Charollais breed apart from other sheep breeds that are retained through pure-breeding.

Charollais sheep should display a loin that is long, wide and deep without excessive fat. The eye muscle should be full. The leg-of-lamb should be thick, deep and full and rump should be thick and wide. Good growth rate is desirable. Charollais heads should display a pink skin color with a varying amount of light coloured hair. They should be appropriately small muzzles with broader shape between the eyes. Ewes should display a feminine kind head while rams should be distinctively more masculine in appearance. Wool should cover the body without breaks but not extend down the legs or over the head. Fleece should be dense and of good quality.

References

External links
 The British Charollais Sheep Society
 Canadian Charollais Sheep Breeders Society
The Irish Charollais Sheep Society
Charollais Sheep NZ
Charollais Sheep Australia

Sheep breeds originating in France
Sheep breeds


The Palms may refer to:

Australia

 The Palms, Queensland, a locality in the Gympie Region
 The Palms National Park, a small national park located between Cooyar and Yarraman in Queensland, Australia
 The Palms at Crown, a concert venue at the Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex in Melbourne, Australia

Canada

 Ritz-Carlton Vancouver (formerly referred to as Palm Court and Vancouver's Turn), a planned skyscraper in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia

New Zealand

 The Palms Shopping Centre, a shopping mall located in the Christchurch, New Zealand suburb of Shirley

United Arab Emirates

 The Palm Islands, an artificial archipelago in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

United States

Palms, Los Angeles (originally "The Palms"), a community founded in 1886 in West Los Angeles, California
Palms Casino Resort, a casino hotel and residential tower located in Paradise, Nevada
Palms Apartments, an apartment building located at 1001 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan

See also
 Palm (disambiguation)


Ouvrage Cap Martin is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also called the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage, located on high ground in Roquebrune, consists of two artillery blocks and one combination block facing Italy.  The ouvrage was at the southernmost end of the Alpine Line and overlooked the Mediterranean Sea coastline at an altitude of 21 meters between Nice and Menton, facing towards Italy. The ouvrage and its advance casemate at Pont Saint Louis controlled the coastal roads along the Mediterranean.

Description
The ouvrage was built between October 1930 and October 1933 by a contractor named Borie, at a cost of 17 million francs, of which 1.6 million francs were for property acquisition and 2,776,000 francs were for the fort's armament. Three observatories reported to Cap Martin.

Block 1 (entry): one FM embrasure, two machine gun cloches, one grenade launcher cloche, two 81mm mortars
Block 2: (bloc de barrage) one 75mm gun, two twin machine guns and one observation cloche. Block 2 covered the plain of Menton and supported the casemate at Pont Saint Louis. The block was damaged during the German retreat in 1944.
Block 3: (flanking block) two 75mm guns, 2 81mm mortars, 2 machine gun cloches. Block 3 covered the area between Cap Martin and Ouvrage Roquebrunne.

The fort is unusual for Alpine Line fortifications in possessing a circulation gallery some distance below the entrance and combat blocks, rising via steps and hoists to each block. This feature is more typical of the main Maginot Line in the northeast of France. The gallery was served by a network of railways of 60 cm gauge, pushed by the men. In the case of Cap Martin, the wagons were of a unique design.

Three observation posts are attached to Cap Martin, including the Observatoire du Cimitière de Roquebrune and the Abri Nord de Mont-Gros de Roquebrune.

History
Cap Martin was garrisoned by the 96th Brigade Alpin de Forteresse (BAF), supported by the 157th Régiment d'Artillerie de Position (RAP). The garrison comprised 343 men and 11 officers, commanded by Captain Jacques Hugard and Captain Paris. Cap Martin fired the first shots of the Italian confrontation on 14 June 1940, eight shots at the Pont-Saint-Louis bridge. The first overt Italian action took place on 20 June, when the Italians of the Cosseria Division attempted a frontal assault on the avant-post at Pont-Saint-Louis. Cap Martin opened fire, supported by Saint-Agnès and Mont Agel. On 21 June 1940 Italian artillery bombarded Cap Martin with 149mm and 210mm shells.  The next day saw aerial bombing attacks on Cap Martin. An armored train attempting to enter French territory on the coastal line was fired upon by Mont Agel and damaged. Heavy Italian artillery fire damaged Cap Martin's 75mm gun in Block 2. A rumored Italian infantry attack prompted heavy French fire, but failed to materialize. On 24 June two armored trains, one with 120mm guns and another with 152mm guns, fired on Cap Martin in support of Italian troops advancing through Menton.  The Italians occupied the surface of the fortification until they were fired upon by other French artillery and were forced to retreat. The Pont-Saint-Louis position forced the Italians to go around through a railroad tunnel, was relieved by French forces in the evening. The armistice of 25 June brought combat to a close.

On 15 August 1944 Allied forces landed on the French Riviera in Operation Dragoon. Retreating German troops blew up Cap Martin's Block 3 to prevent it from firing on their rear.  The end of the war found Cap Martin's Blocks 2 and 3 heavily damaged. Because of the perceived threat of a Soviet invasion through northern Italy, the blocks were repaired by the early 1950s. Through the 1960s, interest and funding for the Maginot works declined, and Cap Martin was eventually sold.

Casemate du Pont Saint Louis

The Casemate du Pont Saint Louis was an advanced defensive work supported by Cap Martin and manned by the 96th BAF. It was the only fortification directly on the seacoast, located at the frontier between France and Italy, and was intended to block any advance along the coastal road. The CORF-designed post was equipped with a rolling anti-tank barrier, a 37mm anti-tank gun, and two twin machine guns.

The anti-tank gate was a rolling barrier which slid from a slot in a fortified concrete housing along the side of the road, forming a barrier some meters from the post's blockhouse. The road and post occupied a narrow shelf between a cliff and a steep slope to the sea. The gate housing included two small arms ports, while the blockhouse could cover the gate and the road beyond with its guns firing through embrasures in the heavy concrete guardpost.  Tunnels in the cliff wall behind the post contained a magazine, living quarters, and an escape tunnel, like a Maginot ouvrage on a much smaller scale.

Status
The Casemate Pont Saint Louis was opened for public visits by the Association AMICORF in 1995. The main ouvrage was restored beginning in 1997 and was opened to the public in February 2008. Both Cap Martin and the Pont Saint Louis post are open during summer months.

See also
 List of Alpine Line ouvrages

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links

 Association AMICORF, preservation society for Cap Martin
 Cap Martin (gros ouvrage) at fortiff.be
 Pont Saint Louis (avant poste) at fortiff.be

CAPM
Maginot Line
Alpine Line
World War II museums in France


The rota (or rotation) system or the lestvitsa system (from the Old Church Slavonic word for "ladder" or "staircase") was a system of collateral succession practiced (though imperfectly) in Kievan Rus', later appanages, and early the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In this system, the throne passed not linearly from father to son (agnatic primogeniture), but laterally from brother to brother (usually to the fourth brother) and then to the eldest son of the eldest brother who had held the throne. The system was rationalised by Yaroslav the Wise, who assigned each of his sons a principality based on seniority, though it predates his reign and was also used among the Norse of Great Britain and Ireland.

History
When the grand prince died, the next most senior prince moved to Kiev and all others moved to the principality next up the ladder. Only those princes whose fathers had held the throne were eligible for placement in the rota; those whose fathers predeceased their grandfathers were known as izgoi, "excluded" or "orphaned" princes.

The concept was first noted by Sergei Soloviev, and later summed up by Vasily Kliuchevsky, but in the intervening years, the structured and institutionalized rota system they presented has come under criticism by some, who doubt any such succession system to the Kievan throne existed at all.  Indeed, scholars such as Sergeevich and Budovnitz argued that the seemingly endless internecine war among the princes of Kiev indicates a total lack of any established succession system. Others have modified the system but not fully abandoned it, such as A. D. Stokes, who denied that there was ever a geographic hierarchy of principalities, although there was a hierarchy of the princes themselves. Janet Martin argued that the system, in fact, worked. She argues that the interprincely wars were not a breakdown or absence of a system, but the further refinement of the system as the dynasty grew in size and relations became more complex. Each new outburst of violence addressed a new problem rather than rehashing old disputes.

The rota system was modified by the princely summit conference held at Liubech in the Chernigov in 1097. Certain lands were granted as patrimonial lands, that is inherited lands outside the rota system. These lands were not lost by a prince when the Kievan throne became vacant, and they served as core lands that grew up into semi-independent (if not outright independent) principalities in the later centuries of Kievan Rus, leading some historians to argue that Kievan Rus ceased to be a unified state. After this conference, the rota system continued to work within these patrimonial principalities at least up to the Mongol Invasion. The rota system also continued with regard to the Kievan throne after 1113 up to the Mongol Invasion as well.

The rota system in some aspects survived Kievan Rus' by more than a century. Indeed, the Muscovite civil war (1425–1453) between Vasily II and Dmitry Shemyaka was over this very issue. Shemyaka's father, Yury of Zvenigorod, claimed that he was the rightful heir to the throne of the Principality of Vladimir through collateral succession. However, Yury's elder brother, Vasily I had passed the throne on to his son Vasily II. Dmitry and his brothers continued to press their father's and their line's claim to the throne, leading to open war between Vasily II and Shemyaka which led to Vasily's brief ouster and blinding, and Dmitry's assassination by poison in Novgorod the Great in 1453. Even before the civil war though, Vasily I's father, Dmitry Donskoy, had, in fact, passed the throne on to Vasily by a will that called for linear succession rather than collateral succession, but the issue didn't come to a head until Vasily's death because he was the eldest of his generation and was thus the rightful successor by both linear and collateral succession. Thus it was only with Vasily II that the Muscovite princes were finally able to break the long-held tradition of collateral succession and establish a system of linear succession to the Muscovite throne. In doing so, they kept power in Moscow, rather than seeing it pass to other princes in other towns.

References

Bibliography

Kievan Rus' law
Inheritance
Order of succession


The discography of The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, an American ska punk band formed in 1985 in Boston, Massachusetts, consists of eleven studio albums, ten EPs and twenty two singles, among other recordings.

The Bosstones' 1997 release Let's Face It was the most commercially successful album for the band, featuring the hit single "The Impression That I Get", which hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Many attribute the surge of ska punk popularity in the late 90s to the single's success. That album earned a gold and platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums
 Live from the Pit (1997) (radio promo only)
 Live from the Middle East (1998) - US No. 144

Compilation albums
 Awfully Quiet (2001) (UK only collection of songs from the Taang! releases)
 Medium Rare (2007) (a mix of new and previously unreleased material as well as vinyl B-sides)

EPs
 Where'd You Go? (1991)
 Ska-Core, the Devil, and More (1993)
 Simmer Down (1994) (promotional only)
 Here We Go Again (1995); packaged with later pressings of Question the Answers
 So Far, So Good (1997) (promotional only)
 A Sample (1997) (promotional cassette only)
 Wake Up Call (1998) (promotional only)
 Selections from the Middle East (1998) (promotional only)
 Toe Tapping Treats (2000) (promotional only; also includes one Sum 41 track)
 The Mighty Mighty Bosstones / Madcap (2002) (split EP release with Madcap released by Chunksaah Records)
 Don't Worry Desmond Dekker (2008)

Singles

Music videos
 "Devil's Night Out" (1990)
 "Where'd You Go?" (1991)
 "Guns and the Young" (1992)
 "Don't Know How to Party" (1993)
 "Someday I Suppose" (1993)
 "Simmer Down" (1994)
 "Detroit Rock City" (1994)
 "Kinder Words" (1994)
 "Hell of a Hat" (1995)
 "The Impression That I Get" (1997)
 "The Rascal King" (1997)
 "The Common Decency" (1997)
 "Royal Oil" (1998)
 "Wrong Thing Right Then" (1998)
 "Zig Zag Dance" (1998)
 "So Sad to Say" (2000)
 "You Gotta Go!" (2002)
 "Don't Worry Desmond Dekker" (2008)
 "2000 Miles" (2010)
 "The Daylights" (2012)
 "A Wonderful Day for the Race" (2018)
 "The Constant" (2018)
 "The Final Parade" (2021)
 "I Don't Believe in Anything" (2021)
 "The Killing of King Georgie (Part III)" (2021)

Other appearances
Compilations
 Mashin' Up the Nation: Best of American Ska Volumes 1 & 2 (1987)
 Mash It Up: Volume 3 (1994)
 Kiss My Ass: Classic Kiss Regrooved (1994)
 Ska-Ville USA: Volume 2 (1995)
 Music for Our Mother Ocean 2 (with the Pietasters) (1997)
 A Home for the Holidays (1997)
 KROQ Kevin & Bean: A Family Christmas in Your Ass (1997)
 Tibetan Freedom Concert (1997)
 Mashin' Up the Nation: Best of American Ska Volumes 3 & 4 (1998)
 Boston Retroactive (1999)
 Burning London – The Clash Tribute (1999)
 Metalliska – A Ska Tribute to 80's Metal (2000)
 Warped Tour 2001 Tour Compilation (2001)
 A Santa Cause: It's a Punk Rock Christmas (2003)
 The Best of the Mighty Mighty Bosstones - 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection (2005)

Soundtracks
 Clueless (1995)
 Meet the Deedles (1997)
 Elmopalooza! (1998)
 Rogue Trip: Vacation 2012 (1998)
 Digimon: The Movie (2000)
 Step Brothers'' (2008)

References

Punk rock group discographies
Discographies of American artists
Discography


Franciszek Lessel (1780 – 26 December 1838) was a Polish composer.

Life
Lessel was born in Puławy, Poland.  His father, Wincenty Ferdynand Lessel, was a pianist and composer of Czech origin who served as his first teacher.

In 1799 Franciszek Lessel went to study with Joseph Haydn and continued to do so until Haydn's death.

Lessel worked as a court musician, headed Warsaw's Amateur Music Society, and gave lessons on how to play the glass harmonica. In later life he largely had non-musical administrative and inspector jobs.  He died in Piotrków Trybunalski.

His Grand Trio for Clarinet, Horn, and Piano, Op. 4 (1806) is notable for its contribution to this ensemble instrumentation. Among his most noted pieces is his Fantaisie in E minor, Op.13, which was dedicated to . Beydale and Lessel wanted to marry but the difference in their social standing and Lessel’s financial troubles made that impossible.

His piano concerto in C major (opus 14, published c.1814) has been recorded twice, once on Harmonia Mundi France in 1993 and more recently on a disc released in 2011.

Web sources

External links
 Scores by Franciszek Lessel in digital library Polona

Polish classical composers
Polish male classical composers
Polish classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Pupils of Joseph Haydn
1780 births
1838 deaths
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century male musicians


The Matter of Araby in Medieval England is a 1977 book by Dorothee Metlitzki in which the author attempts to show the beginnings of the relationship between medieval England and the Arab world.  It is considered to be the "definitive work on the intersection of Arabic and English culture in the Middle Ages".

By studying patterns of translation, scholarship and scientific inquiries Metlitzki shows that the Arab world contributed several key elements to the English world, including ancient Greek texts which had been translated into Arabic, scientific discoveries such as the astrolabe and astronomical advances, as well as a host of other things such as rhyming poetry.

The book is divided into two parts:  "Scientific and Philosophical Learning" and "The Literary Heritage".

Summary

Part One

This part of the book consists of four chapters in which Metlitzki explores how scientific achievements were translated and transmitted from Arabic texts to Western (primarily English authors writing in Latin) texts.

She begins this book by addressing the crusades and the development of scholarship by Mozarabs, i.e. Christians living under Muslim rule, particularly those in Muslim Spain and Sicily (p. 3-10).

She writes about several Western scholars who were involved in translating Arabic texts and studying Arab held libraries, including several key ancient Greek and Roman texts that were only available in Arabic.

Some of these scholars included Adelard of Bath (p. 26) who was a Western scholar responsible for translating Al-Khwarizmi’s texts on astronomy and Euclid’s Elements from Arabic into Latin.

She details the lives of several of these key scholars including Petrus Alfonsi, a Christian converted ex-Jew living in Muslim Spain and author of the seminal text Disciplina Clericalis, which, according to Metlitzki was the first collection of Oriental tales composed in the West for Westerners (p. 16).  Robert of Ketton was the first translator of the Quran into Latin and also translated several key scientific texts such as Alchemy by Morienus Romanus and Math, Algebra and astronomy texts by Al-Khwarizmi.  Michael Scot was a scholar interested in magic, alchemy and astronomy and was also the first translator of most of the works of Aristotle (from Arabic into Latin), whose writings had been banned in the West as being heretical (p. 48).

Part Two
In part two Metlitzki explores key English medieval texts and suggests that they either are based entirely on Arabic stories or include elements from Arabic storytelling that suggest that they had been loosely based on Arabic stories.

She then suggests that the English medieval Romance itself is strongly influenced by Arabic ideals of romantic chivalry as well as key Arabic stories from various sources including One Thousand and One Nights. The English texts she closely examines include Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the English Charlemagne Romances like Sir Ferumbras and the Sowdone of Babylone (p. 172-3) and several others.

In several of these texts, Metlitzki explains, are found the beginnings of the misunderstanding of Islam by the West and she explores the depiction of Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad in these texts in her chapter on History and Romance (p. 95-210).

On page 245 she also suggests that contributions to English and Western literature from Arabic literature includes several key themes (such as Romance) and also rhyming poetry itself.

Notes

1977 non-fiction books
20th-century history books
History books about culture
History books about scientific discoveries
History books about England
Medieval studies literature
American non-fiction books
Yale University Press books
Science in the medieval Islamic world


Donald Odanga (died 20 January 2008) was a Kenyan Basketball International.

Odanga played for the Kenya national basketball team, Kenya Railways and defunct Premiership side Post Bank. Odanga played for Railways from early 1980s before moving to defunct premier league side Post Bank in 1990. He was a member of the national team between 1989 and 1994.

Death

Odanga was hit by a stray bullet while standing about 200m away from a scene where policemen were trying to disperse a rowdy mob in Mathare on 20 January 2008. "It is unfortunate that Odanga who was one of the best players of his generation had to die this way," Nairobi Province Basketball Association chairman Ronny Owino said in Nairobi on Thursday.

References

Year of birth missing
2008 deaths
Kenyan men's basketball players
Accidental deaths in Kenya
Deaths by firearm in Kenya
Firearm accident victims


Burchell Lake is a ghost town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located behind a locked gate at the southern end of Highway 802 in the Thunder Bay District.

The town existed only from 1959 to 1967, as a company town, owned by North Coldsteam Mines Limited.

History
A copper mining town which was active from 1959 to 1967, the town had approximately 400 residents at its peak. The Burchell Lake area had seen mineral exploration as early as 1902, but active development of large-scale mining operations in the area was not economically feasible until the completion of Highway 11 through the region in 1954. After a mine shaft and mill complex was built, the Coldstream Copper Mines company began building a townsite for its workers in 1959. However, the price of copper had fallen sufficiently by 1967 that the mine was no longer profitable, and the site was shut down in 1967. In less than ten years of operations, workers at Burchell Lake had mined an estimated 102 million pounds of ore.

A number of recreational cottages are still located in the area.

Existence as a ghost town
Easily accessible, Burchell Lake remained one of Ontario's best-preserved ghost towns for many years, with many of its buildings still standing at the townsite as of summer 2011. This included a dozen or so houses (some with basements), the original BA gas station, two room school, and collapsed recreation hall. The baseball cage could also be found with the original scoreboard. Street lamps, a sewer cover, and a fire hydrant also existed. Beginning in 2012 the mine site was remediated by Denison Environmental, with all surface structures demolished, mine openings properly sealed and mine wastes stabilized and covered with biosolids to encourage vegetation growth.

A 40-year community reunion was held in nearby Shebandowan in 2007.

See also

 Coldstream Copper Mine

References

Communities in Thunder Bay District
Ghost towns in Ontario
Mining communities in Ontario
Copper mines in Ontario
Company towns in Canada


QTRAX was an Israeli ad-supported digital music service that provides Downloads, Streaming and Radio via Mac and PC (and on Android and iOS from February 2015) that operated from 2008 to 2019. CEO Allan Klepfisz has stated that maintaining compensation for copyright holders while capturing part of the 95 percent marketshare that continues to download music illegally is the ambition behind Qtrax's current model.

History

The company announced the launch of its service in January 2008, at the music industry's global conference MIDEM in Cannes. Qtrax claimed to have obtained licenses to distribute the music of the big four music record labels: EMI, SonyBMG, Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group. In the days leading up to the announcement, the stock price of Qtrax's parent company, Brilliant Digital, reached a 52-week high. However, within days, it became clear to the media that several of the material claims made by the company were untrue.
When asked to explain, Qtrax stated that they felt they had "been unfairly crucified because a competitor tried to damage" them, and that they did "have industry agreements including with the major labels." although the "ink hadn't dried" on some of the deals. Qtrax also announced that it still planned to deliver on its promises "within months".

In January 2008, the internet policing company, Web Sheriff notified Qtrax that regardless of whether the music companies supported the service, individual artists would have to give their approval. It was also reported that many of the images on the Qtrax web site were unlicensed.

On March 18, 2008, Italian digital music website MusicBlob found that apparently several CD compilations of the Ultra Rare Trax series, a bootlegged CD series circulated on CD during the 1990s and dedicated to artists such as The KLF, Kraftwerk, Duran Duran and others, are listed in the Qtrax catalogue as if they were legitimate release.

QTRAX launched a new initiative, the ARTIST MANIFESTO, on 27 January 2015, aimed at providing music artists with better compensation for digital music consumed via its (and others) digital music services.

On April 25, 2015, The Telegraph  reported that despite Qtrax's self-claimed approach of being pro-artists, it owes its employees thousands of dollars in unpaid salaries. The former employees are reporting accordingly in their Facebook page and their blog.

The New York-based company which held license agreements with a number of major and independent labels was expected to close following a Tel-Aviv District Court order in 2015. It actually continued in business until at least September 2019, however, finally shutting down by November of that year.

Services
QTRAX allowed music fans to download free and legal music (Download, Stream, Radio) with a selection of millions of tracks from major labels. The Qtrax Player client has been created on the Microsoft Silverlight Platform. The service was totally free to use with registration and generates revenue by a combination of advertising and strategic partnerships.  Qtrax value-added service included band pages complete with links to YouTube videos, Ticketmaster ticket searches, Amazon purchase links, and a Wikipedia link.  Users could interact socially by creating playlists and sending music recommendations to friends.

The files utilize Microsoft's Windows Media Digital Rights Management.  This platform ensures the ad-supported application continues to offer free access to music files.

International availability
In 2011 the QTRAX Music Service was available in 68 countries.

References

File sharing software
Online music stores of Israel
Companies established in 2008
Companies disestablished in 2019


Mylène Farmer en concert was Mylène Farmer's 1989 concert tour in support of her second studio album, Ainsi soit je.... It was the first tour of the singer.

Introduction

In 1989, five years had passed since the first hit of Farmer ("Maman a tort" in 1984), and other successful songs had crowned the singer's career. However, she always sang in play-back when she was invited on television (she only performed live - with difficulty - "Tristana" on La Nouvelle Affiche, on April 1, 1987). As a result, some people believed that Farmer was not a real singer. Thus, to prove her talent to her critics, Farmer scheduled a series of concerts for May 1989 in Saint-Étienne and at the Palais des Sports (Paris) for a total of nine shows. According to Sophie Tellier, one of the dancers, Farmer thought at the beginning that she would never be able to go on stage, and then she saw this tour as an "incredible challenge". Farmer admitted that she knew before her tour that she would be the subject of criticisms, and is why she got ready physically and artistically with a great perfectionism. She chose the Palais des Sports, because she explained that she "hated the intimate places" that "prevented her from finding pleasure" and that she needed big spaces. In October, she revealed that she will perform 16 songs on stage.

Every effort was made by Farmer and Boutonnat so that this concert would be huge, whether it is at the level of the stage set, the music, special effects, choreographies... As these concerts were "a real triumph" (all available tickets were sold), a tour was scheduled adding 44 shows mainly across France, but also Switzerland and Belgium. Because of the smallness of some concert halls and the enormous size of the stage set, several shows were forced to be cancelled. Other shows were postponed (for example, the concerts in Valence and Sanary were postponed on October 16 for technical reasons). All the concert halls were full every evening. Farmer was also the first French female singer to sing in the great hall of the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy.

Before going on stage, Farmer had an intensive athletic training including running (5 km per day), physical and breathing exercises, and was on a diet (she had even stopped smoking). She also took singing lessons. In an interview, she said about the concert : "I really eagerly awaited the moment to try this experiment. Today, I want to go there. I feel I'm able to do it. A second round is beginning. (...) I don't want an intimate concert hall. I need wide open spaces, a breath." She confessed that she was anxious at the idea of singing on stage and that she didn't manage to sleep because of that. However, she considered this show as "an immense pleasure".

Thierry Rogen, who has been involved in the elaboration of the show, said in an interview that this concert was "one of [the] most beautiful professional experiences, but at the same time one of [the] worst". According to him, preparations for the concert were very difficult, because Farmer and Boutonnat had a high level of professionalism and they wanted to produce a great spectacle. He explained: "We [Farmer's team] were scared until the end to not be up to the task. (...) We were the first to put synths and movies on stage, with a technology that was not so sophisticated as it is today (...). Mylène's discs were so sophisticated in the production that we could not go on stage and just put a drummer, a bass player and a guitarist. It needed that the audience find again on stage the color of albums which contained multiple sequences and programming. Therefore, in addition to the vocalists and Mylène on stage, there were also some backings, which included footage of voices. Perhaps it is this that has led criticism, because some people said that the sound was too great to emerge only from the stage." He confirmed then that Farmer had never sung in playback during this tour.

The basis idea of the stage set was "the passage of time". Boutonnat and Farmer wanted to create "a little gothic atmosphere, mixing mysterious, deep and old things", connected to the psychoanalysis. All should be "both thoughtless and strong". Finally, a cemetery was chosen by the singer to frame her show and "her arrival on the stage resembled that of a ghost coming out of a tomb". Indeed, the atmosphere of these concerts was rather sad and cold. White and black were the dominant colors of the show. The transport and the assembly of the stage necessitated enormous technical means. Spectators were not allowed to photograph the singer or the stage, because an agency was specially in charge of this work.

After the first shows, Farmer said that through these concerts, she was able for the first time in her life to have confidence in herself.

Critical reception

Negative comments

 The lack of talent

About the concert in Lausanne, a critical article published in Le Matin, with headline "A dish for nothing - (...) When the futile attached to the unnecessary and unpleasant", said: "There was in this concert no emotion". It described the musical performance as an "indescribable resonant cacophony" and considered that the choreographies were "a nullity having equalled only by the stupidity". Highly critical, Le Parisien held that "this show mixes all the clichés from across the Atlantic, spiced with a local pseudo-culture that confuses 'spectacular' and 'ocular spectrum'". The article stated : "It is well done, without a soul, but without vulgarity. Icy, but colossal". It qualified Farmer's performance with words such as "poor swaying hips", "streak of voice" and "neurotic look". It concluded by saying that this show "does not bring pleasure, nor happiness" nor "talent" and it is a "swindle".

 The lack of emotion and a sad ambiance

Several press articles criticized the show for a lack of emotion or spontaneity. Télé Moustique concluded that, in spite of a "redoubtable professionalism", the production is "rigorous", "without any commitment, without endangering which makes shiver". Very critical, an article published in L'Humanité considered the concert as "impeccable", but the lack of spontaneity in the show leads the author to conclude that "Farmer takes the mickey out of her public". An Alsatian newspaper described the concert as "prefabricated" (some people who attended the show criticized this analysis). La Nouvelle République du Centre described the concert in Poitiers as being "satanic, grand, perverse, (...) sulphurous, fascinating, on the verge of the uneasiness".

 The lack of dialogue with the audience

According to a press article, what "has failed the most to this performance is generosity". Indeed, except a 'good evening' and a 'thank you', Farmer didn't speak to her audience and according to this article it is possible to "wonder where the love comes from the public for a too cold" singer. In the same way, while Le Dauphiné libéré admitted that the show was "perfect", it criticized the "contact with the audience [which] was disappointing".

 The too loud sound system

Many critics blamed the show for its too loud music. For example, an article underlined "the profusion of special effects, a grandiloquent stage setting", but also "a high-powered and often rough sound system", concluding : "Everything for the eye, nothing for the ears". Another article declared that Farmer had taken care of the visual aspect of her show, with original choreographies, but that what she had sung was not very audible. L'Echo du Centre recognized that "choreographies were remarkable and perfectly adjusted", but expressed a regret about the sound system. La Dépêche du Midi asserted that, "in spite of a so little acoustic and too synthetic music", Farmer "pulled through with the honors". La Libre Belgique considered that the "intrusive" sound system which "prevents from understanding texts", is perhaps "the main criticism" against this show, adding that Farmer "has a voice, some charm and the talent", but that the concert "misses improvisation and dialogue". In the same way, Le Provençal said :"The sound saturated by instruments leaves only a tiny space to the small vocal cords" of Farmer. Figaroscope said that "Farmer disappointed by her repeated absences [on stage] and a sound system (...) grinding her fragile organ". As for Le Courrier picard, it described as "errors of course" the "blaring sound system" and the "blinding lights" and predicted that Farmer would not perform other tours after that one.

Positive reviews

 The talent of Farmer

Conversely, certain media praised the talent of the singer. About one of the first shows at the Palais des Sports, France Soir said: "Her show, rhythmic and very calibrated in the fantasized register that she likes, is that of a real professional", with a "fine gesture". Var Matin stated : Farmer's work "almost reaches the perfection" and "combines grace to quality". About the performance in Lausanne, a Swiss newspaper said that the show was "beautiful" and Farmer made a "real professional work". Le Dauphiné said that Farmer "has the necessary scale to compete with the sense of the show which the Americans have". Lyon Figaro considered that the show in Lyon "splendidly demonstrated the supremacy of the singer on the French market". According to L'Est Républicain, after her concerts of May in Paris, Farmer proved that "she was intended for the stage" and that her performances are able to "silence her last critics". After the performance in Fréjus, Var Matin said that, in a "mystic atmosphere", Farmer "gave all the measure of her talent".

 The greatness of the show

Podium described this show as "a memorable concert", with its "naughty choreography", "exquisite staging" and "luxurious costumes". The article stated : "Mylène Farmer on stage, it is a real videoclip in three dimensions, the fury and emotion at the power ten (...), a festival of strong images". According to a Swiss newspaper, "the audience was not disappointed. (...) No place is conceded to improvisation, the songs are refined in the extreme". France Soir declared that the concert in Saint-Étienne was "fascinating" and "magical". Sud Ouest stated that the show is "well conceived", "every song is highlighted by an original stage setting and choreography", with "beautiful costumes and perfect lighting effects". It also qualified the show as a "big spectacle", in which "the choreography looks like ballets". According to L'Alsace and L'Express, "the show kept its promises" and was a "total triumph". La Montagne stated : "The surprise came from the real visual show, magnificently settled. (...) The work on the lightings and the stage setting is the sign of the very great class". Le Méridional qualified this concert as "bewitching".

Commercial success

For only the concerts at Paris-Bercy (two shows), 35,000 tickets were sold in a very short time (five weeks). 40,000 people attended her single concert in Brussels, 4,000 in Grenoble, 5,000 in Fréjus, 14,000 in Lyon, 7,500 in Lausanne, 2,500 in Rennes, 6,000 in Lievin, 6,000 in Nantes, 3,500 in Mulhouse, 2,500 in Strasbourg. According to Farmer, approximately 7,000 people attended each of her shows.

This tour was one of the more imposing in France at that time: indeed, it cost over 40 million francs and more than 300,000 people were at this tour. For this tour, there were eight dancers, seven musicians, three singers, 50 technicians, five trucks and 38 tons of equipment.

Through her successful concerts at Bercy, Farmer "demonstrated that she had become one of the largest [stars]".

Set list

Tour dates

There were a total of 52 shows, from May 11 to December 8, 1989, in three countries (France, Belgium, Switzerland):

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! width="150"| Date
! width="150"| City
! width="150"| Country
! width="200"| Venue
! width="75"| Refs
|-
|May 11, 1989
|Saint-Étienne
|rowspan="23"|France
|Palais des Sports
|
|-
|May 18, 1989
|rowspan="8"|Paris
|rowspan="8"|Palais des Sports
|rowspan="8"|
|-
|May 19, 1989
|-
|May 20, 1989
|-
|May 21, 1989
|-
|May 22, 1989
|-
|May 23, 1989
|-
|May 24, 1989
|-
|May 25, 1989
|-
|September 19, 1989
|Grenoble
|Summum
|
|-
|September 21, 1989
|Valence
|Mammouth, Granges-lès-Valence Cancelled
|
|-
|September 22, 1989
|Dijon
|Palais des Sports Cancelled
|
|-
|September 23, 1989
|Fréjus
|Arènes Romaines
|
|-
|September 24, 1989
|Avignon
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|September 26, 1989
|Sanary-sur-Mer
|Esplanade de la mer Cancelled
|
|-
|September 29, 1989
|Montpellier
|Le Zénith
|
|-
|September 30, 1989
|rowspan="2"|Toulouse
|rowspan="2"|Palais des Sports
|
|-
|October 1, 1989
|-
|October 6, 1989
|Limoges
|Palais des Sports et des Fêtes
|
|-
|October 7, 1989
|Montluçon
|Athanor
|
|-
|October 8, 1989
|Le Mans
|La Rotonde
|
|-
|October 10, 1989
|Lyon
|Halle Tony Garnier
|
|-
|October 11, 1989
|Clermont Ferrand
|Maison des Sports
|
|-
|October 13, 1989
|Lausanne
|Switzerland
|Palais de Beaulieu
|
|-
|October 14, 1989
|Annecy
|rowspan="3"|France
|Place des Romains
|
|-
|October 16, 1989
|Sanary
|Esplanade de la mer Cancelled
|
|-
|October 18, 1989
|Rennes
|Salle omnisports
|
|-
|October 20, 1989
|rowspan="2"|Brussels
|rowspan="2"|Belgium
|rowspan="2"|Forest National
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|October 21, 1989
|-
|October 24, 1989
|Bordeaux
|rowspan="28"|France
|Patinoire Meriadeck
|
|-
|October 25, 1989
|Angers
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|October 27, 1989
|Poitiers
|Arènes
|
|-
|October 28, 1989
|Pau
|Foire-Expo
|
|-
|November 4, 1989
|rowspan="2"|Valence
|Mammouth, Granges-lès-ValenceOriginally scheduled on September 21
|
|-
|November 6, 1989
|Mammouth, Granges-lès-Valence
|
|-
|November 8, 1989
|Chartres
|Chartrexpo Cancelled
|
|-
|November 10, 1989
|Lorient
|Parc des Expositions, Lann-Sévelin
|
|-
|November 11, 1989
|Tours
|Parc-Expo, Rochepinard
|
|-
|November 14, 1989
|Perpignan
|Palais des Expositions Cancelled
|
|-
|November 15, 1989
|Sanary-sur-Mer
|Esplanade de la mer
|
|-
|November 16, 1989
|Marseille
|Palais des Sports
|
|-
|November 17, 1989
|Bourg-en-Bresse
|
|
|-
|November 20, 1989
|Caen
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|November 21, 1989
|Reims
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|November 22, 1989
|Besançon
|Palais des Sports
|
|-
|November 24, 1989
|Lons-le-Saunier
|
|
|-
|November 25, 1989
|Metz
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|November 26, 1989
|Lieven
|Lieven
|
|-
|November 28, 1989
|Montbéliard
|Parc des Loisirs de Voujeaucourt Cancelled
|<ref>'Le Pays, November 1989, Mylène Farmer ne viendra pas à Voujeaucourt" Devant-soi.com (Retrieved March 31, 2008)</ref>
|-
|November 29, 1989
|Épinal
|Parc des Expositions Cancelled
|La Liberté de l'Est, November 1, 1989 Devant-soi.com (Retrieved March 30, 2008)
|-
|December 1, 1989
|Rouen
|Parc des Expositions
|
|-
|December 2, 1989
|Nantes
|La Beaujoire
|Ouest France, November 29, 1989, "Samedi à la Beaujoire : Mylène Farmer" Devant-soi.com (Retrieved March 31, 2008)
|-
|December 3, 1989
|Amiens
|Centre d'Expositions et de Congrès
|
|-
|December 5, 1989
|Mulhouse
|Palais des Sports
|L'Alsace, December 5, 1989, "Mylène Farmer sans contrefaçon" Devant-soi.com (Retrieved March 30, 2008)
|-
|December 6, 1989
|Strasbourg
|Rhénus
|
|-
|December 7, 1989
|rowspan="2"|Paris
|rowspan="2"|Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy
|rowspan="2"|L'Express, December 1, 1989 Devant-soi.com (Retrieved March 30, 2008)
|-
|December 8, 1989
|}

Further reading
 Julien Wagner, Jean-François Kowalski, Marianne Rosenstiehl, Claude Gassian, Mylène Farmer : Belle de scène'' (book on Farmer's tours), K&B Ed, 27 April 2007 ()

References

1989 concert tours
Mylène Farmer concert tours


Colin Robert Andrew Laverty (26 May 1937 – 9 February 2013) was an Australian medical practitioner and was the first to confirm (using electronmicroscopy) that the human papillomavirus was much more common in the cervix than previously thought and, in 1978, he suggested that this virus be considered as possibly involved in the causation of cervical cancer. He was also a prolific art collector.

Early life
Laverty was born in Sydney, New South Wales, the son of medical practitioners Colin (Tas) Laverty and Beryl Laverty. He attended Newington College (1949-1953) and then the University of Sydney. He graduated BSc(Med) with honours in 1959, Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1962 and Diploma in Clinical Pathology in 1969 and subsequently obtained by examination Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and a Diploma in Cytology from the same college. He had the qualifications MB, BS; BSc (Med); Diploma in Clinical Pathology (DCP) (Syd); FRCPA; Post-Fellowship Diploma in Cytopathology (Dip.Cytopath.) (FRCPA).

While at the University of Sydney, Laverty was awarded a Blue for Rowing.

Medical career
Dr Laverty graduated in medicine from the University of Sydney and then trained in pathology at Royal Prince Alfred and King George V Hospitals in Sydney, as well at St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, in the United Kingdom. He specialised early in gynaecological cytology and histopathology and became a Staff Specialist Pathologist at the Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne and later at King George V Hospital for Mothers and Babies in Sydney.

Laverty co-authored more than 50 scientific articles and was a frequent and often invited speaker at medical conferences in Australia and internationally. During his career, Dr Laverty was for many years a member of the Advisory Committee to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program, multiple New South Wales Cancer Council Committees, the Committee of the Australian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology and the Continuing Education, Quality Assurance and Evolving Technologies Committees of the International Academy of Cytology.

Work on HPV and cervical screening
In the mid-1970s, while working as a Specialist Gynaecological Pathologist at King George V Hospital in Sydney, Dr Laverty developed a special interest in the recognition in the Papanicolaou smear of various female genital tract infections, in particular those due to agents difficult or impossible to culture. In the early 1970s it was thought that genital tract warts (condylomas) were quite uncommon, usually vulval and merely sometimes cosmetically distressing lesions.

Laverty recognised that cellular abnormalities known as koilocytosis and koilocytotic or "warty" atypia (first reported in the 1950s by Koss and associated with genital warts) were much more common in Pap smears than generally realised and that, surprisingly, in the great majority of cases clinical warts or condylomas were absent, even on careful clinical examination of the entire female genital tract. This raised the possibility that genital infections due to wart or papilloma virus were much commoner than previously thought, frequently cervical in location and very uncommonly of recognisable warty contour or configuration.

A researcher was employed and an electron microscopic technique was then devised which confirmed the suspicion that human papillomavirus (HPV) particles were present in these abnormal cells, in both cytologic and histologic preparations (Pap smears and cervical biopsies).  In 1978, Dr Laverty was the first in the world to publish this finding.

Thus it was proven that atypical, potentially premalignant cells in cervical cytologic and histopathologic preparations in women without actual genital warts were in fact virus infected and that this virus had the electron microscopic appearances of papillomavirus.

At that time, electron microscopic demonstration of the virus particles within the nucleus of the cell was the only available way of confirming papillomavirus infection.  In contradistinction to other viruses affecting the genital tract (e.g. herpes), confirmation by culture was not possible (and still is not possible) by conventional virological methods.  Nor could the diagnosis be confirmed by immunoperoxidase testing or by HPV DNA and RNA hybridisation techniques (the latter subsequently widely used), which at that time had not yet been developed.

Subsequently, the histologic features and colposcopic recognition and characterisation of this sub-clinical or non-condylomatous HPV infection of the cervix were established.

Recognition of the frequent and close association of these noncondylomatous HPV-induced changes with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) - which was and is accepted as preceding life-threatening invasive cancer - led Dr Laverty to also suggest in 1978 the investigation of the possible role of HPV in genital tract carcinogenesis.

Also, if cervical cancer proved to be due to, or required a virus infection for its genesis, then prevention by immunisation was theoretically possible.

The suspicion and subsequent confirmation Dr Laverty that papillomavirus infection was much more common than formerly realised, that most infections were clinically invisible and at that time unknown to colposcopists, proved to be of profound clinical significance.  It changed the interpretation of Pap smears, cervical biopsies and colposcopic appearances and therefore the management of women with abnormal Pap smears.

It led to later research by others which resulted in the confirmation that this virus was required for the genesis of cervical cancer (and how the virus acts to do this).  This led ultimately to the development of a vaccine or vaccines which theoretically can eradicate the second most common female cancer worldwide.

Articles on quality assurance in cytology published by Dr Laverty and his team concerned the importance of targeted sampling of the transformation zone (where most precancer and cancer occurs), sampling implement choice, reporting terminology and management recommendations.

He was also interested in the cytologic recognition of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (an important subset of cervical cancer precursors) and demonstrated a place for HPV in this form of cervical cancer also.

Dr. Laverty also evaluated new slide making and reading technologies, leading to improved Pap smear reporting accuracy and published some of the very first trials of ThinPrep and CytoRich, technologies which are now widely used throughout the world.

Dr Colin Laverty and Associates
In 1982, he founded Dr Colin Laverty and Associates, a private pathology practice which provided specialised services in gynaecological cytology and histopathology. Approximately 200,000 Pap smears were processed annually.

The practice provided referring general practitioners and gynaecologists with a great deal of educational material (newsletters, feedback on smear quality etc.) aimed at improving standards in cytology.

The practice employed a statistician and much clinical research was carried out in private practice (which is most unusual), with regular publications in Australian and prestigious overseas medical journals.

Over many years, Laverty lectured widely (often as an invited speaker) in Australia and overseas on the significance of HPV infection and on a range of gynaecological cytology and Pap smear screening issues.

In August 1998, his practice was sold to Health Care of Australia (HCoA). Laverty was initially Medical Director of "Mayne Health – Laverty Pathology" in New South Wales. The practice was renamed "Symbion Laverty Pathology" and subsequently onsold to Primary Health Care, a very large, statewide, general pathology practice which still bears Dr Laverty's name.

Art activities
Laverty retired from practising medicine in the mid-2001 and, with his wife Elizabeth, managed their contemporary art collection, one of Australia’s best known. From their collection, works are regularly lent to the Australian national and state art galleries.  In particular, Aboriginal works are regularly sought for exhibition by prestigious International art museums. During his lifetime Laverty authored a book and published a number of articles on Australian Art.

Over decades, Colin & Elizabeth Laverty have been major art collectors and supporters of young, mid-career and established Australian artists, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. The Lavertys have been substantial donors of artworks under the Cultural Gifts Program.  Since 2000, 131 paintings have been donated to the Newcastle, Geelong, Benalla and Gold Coast regional galleries, the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of NSW and the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia in Sydney.  53 of these have been works by 41 different Indigenous artists and 78 have been by 35 different non-Indigenous artists.

They have been financial supporters and members of the Foundation of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, for many years and in 2006 were awarded Life Membership "in recognition of their outstanding contribution to the Museum’s development".  They are also members of the Contemporary Collection Benefactors groups at the Art Gallery of NSW and the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Aboriginal Collection Benefactors at the Art Gallery of NSW and the Friends of Indigenous art at the National Gallery of Victoria.

The Lavertys have been regular lenders to exhibitions at major Australian public art galleries. Paintings have been lent for exhibitions at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra and the state galleries in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.

Laverty actively promoted Australian art overseas and has spoken by invitation about Australian art, especially Aboriginal art, at the Chicago Arts Club – a leading Arts Institution and in June 2006 gave a keynote presentation at the opening of an exhibition of works by Australian Women Aboriginal Painters in Washington D.C.  He engaged in discussions with Gallery Directors in both Europe and the U.S.A. about the presentation of contemporary Aboriginal art.

Works have been loaned on request to overseas exhibitions in 15 different countries. Overall 167 works by 57 different Indigenous artists and 10 different non-Indigenous artists have been lent to exhibitions of both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian art in St Petersburg, Russia; Basel, Switzerland; Hannover, Düsseldorf, Herford and Cologne, Germany; Oslo, Norway; London, England; Marseilles, France; Odense and Humlebaek, Denmark; Washington D.C. and New Hampshire, U.S.A.; Dunedin, Christchurch and New Plymouth, New Zealand; Osaka and Tokyo, Japan; and Ghent, Belgium. In 2011, five 1971–72 Papunya boards were lent to the National Gallery of Victoria for the exhibition Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, and these paintings are currently on loan at Musée du Quai Branly in Paris.

Laverty wrote, upon invitation, an article on collecting Australian Aboriginal art for the November 2003 issue of the prestigious magazine Arts of Asia, produced in Hong Kong.  The rest of this issue of the magazine was devoted to Australian public museums' collections of Asian art.  This was an opportunity to promote Australian Aboriginal art widely as the magazine has a substantial worldwide circulation.  The article, titled 'Diversity and Strength - Contemporary Australian Aboriginal Art: A Private Collection' surveyed the long term history and the recent development and success of contemporary Aboriginal art.  It discussed the major art producing communities and illustrated the work of 23 of the best known artists.

In 1996, the Laverty Collection was highlighted in an article in Art and Australia.  This article written by Anne Loxley appeared in a special issue of Art and Australia devoted to the art of collecting.

From 20 June - 23 August 1998, selected works from the Laverty Collection were exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney at the request of the then co-directors Bernice Murphy and Leon Paroissien. This exhibition titled 'The Laverty Collection', curated by Sue Cramer, had an associated program of seminars and public education activities in which Dr Laverty participated.  Paintings, sculptures, carvings and ceramics by 12 non-Indigenous artists and 19 Indigenous artists were exhibited.

Works from the Laverty Collection by the Aboriginal artists Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri and John Mawurndjul were shown in the 2000 Sydney Biennale, and a painting by Dorothy Napangardi in the 2012 Sydney Biennale. Paintings by Michael Harrison and Michael Stevenson were included in the 2004 Sydney Biennale, and a painting by Richard Larter was included in the 2008 Sydney Biennale.

Laverty has been an invited speaker to gallery friends, volunteers, collection benefactors and society members at the Art Gallery of Western Australia (AGWA), the Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA), the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of NSW (AGNSW) and the Power Institute at Sydney University and the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) He has been an invited panellist at discussions on Australian art at the Art Gallery of NSW (AGNSW) and at the Melbourne Art Fair.

Beyond Sacred: Recent painting from Australia’s remote Aboriginal communities, a book compiled by Colin Laverty and designed by Jane Kleimeyer was published in May 2008. It featured 280 paintings by 141 Indigenous artists from more than 20 different communities. A second edition of this award-winning book was published in 2011, after the first edition had sold out.

Apart from his active involvement in the promotion of contemporary art, Laverty was a foremost authority, researcher and writer on Australian colonial sporting art.

In 1980 he authored a volume entitled Australian Colonial Sporting Painters: Frederick Woodhouse and Sons, about the Woodhouse family of animal and sporting artists active in Australia in the second half of the 19th century. In 1983/84 Laverty conceived, curated and wrote the catalogue for a touring exhibition of the work of 21 artists active in this field of animal and sporting painting in colonial times in Australia.  Titled 'Pastures and Pastimes' this was presented by the Victorian Ministry for the Arts and shown at the Victorian Artists Society Gallery, Melbourne; the Geelong Art Gallery and the S.H. Ervin National Trust Gallery, Sydney. He was also a contributor of biographical details on the colonial artists Thomas Balcombe, Joseph Fowles, S S Knights, Thomas Lyttleton, Edward Winstanley and Frederick Woodhouse to the Dictionary of Australian Artists, edited by Professor Joan Kerr and published by Oxford University Press in 1992.  These artists were principally involved, but not exclusively, with sporting and animal painting.

Dr Laverty has been a staunch supporter of charitable causes associated with Indigenous art.  He was a Committee member of the very successful Western Desert Dialysis Appeal held in 2000 in conjunction with auctioneers Sotheby’s Australia at the Art Gallery of NSW. The more than one million dollars raised at this auction has enabled renal dialysis to occur at very remote Kintore (Walungurru) in the Western desert in the south of the Northern Territory.  The money raised also supports social workers, interpreters and health care liaison staff both in remote communities and in association with the renal unit in Alice Springs.

The Lavertys have travelled repeatedly over the last 25 years to central and northern Australia and have had a long association with the community-owned art centres at more than 20 remote Aboriginal communities.  They have been involved in bringing the need for youth social workers in these very disadvantaged communities to federal authorities.

Colin and Elizabeth were supporters of the Swimming Pool Appeal auction held in 2005 at the Art Gallery of NSW to raise money for pools at Maningrida and Kintore (Walungurru).  Approximately $850,000 was raised for this cause, as pool use has been convincingly associated with improved health and education in Aboriginal children. The Lavertys were donors of artwork for auction at both the Western Desert Dialysis Appeal and at the more recent Swimming Pool Appeal.

Colin and Elizabeth Laverty have made major contributions to Australian art in researching, writing, speaking about and promoting both colonial and contemporary art, particularly Aboriginal art, in Australia and overseas.  They have been generous donors and major lenders of artworks from the Laverty Collection when requested to do so by Public Institutions.

Honours
 Medal of the Order of Australia - 26 January 2008 (for service to medicine in the fields of gynaecological cytology and histopathology, particularly through the advancement of cervical screening services in Australia and through developments in establishing the role of the human papillomavirus in the genesis of cervical cancer; and to art, particularly Indigenous art both in Australia and overseas.)

Publications (books/catalogues)
 Australian Colonial Sporting Painters: Frederick Woodhouse and Sons (Sydney, 1980) The David Ell Press,
 Pastures and Pastimes: An exhibition of Australian Racing, Sporting and Animal Pictures of the 19th Century, Victorian Ministry for the Arts (Melbourne 1983) Catalogue, , 1983
 Beyond Sacred: Recent Painting from Australia's remote Aboriginal communities, Hardie Grant Books (Melbourne 2008),  (hbk)
 Beyond Sacred: Australian Aboriginal Art, Kleimeyer Industries (Melbourne 2011),  (hbk.)

References

1937 births
2013 deaths
Australian pathologists
People educated at Newington College
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia


Ron Warner (born September 26, 1975) is a former American football defensive end and linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the New Orleans Saints, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the Washington Redskins. He was also a member of both the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  He played college football at the Independence Community College for two seasons with the Pirates. During Warner’s two seasons with the Pirates, he earned Second-team NJCAA All-America honors and was also a First-team All-Jayhawk Conference selection at defensive end. He finished his collegiate career at University of Kansas and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1998 NFL Draft.

References

1975 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe) players
Edmonton Elks players
Kansas Jayhawks football players
New Orleans Saints players
People from Independence, Kansas
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Washington Redskins players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Independence Pirates football players
Players of American football from Kansas


Olga Aleksandrovna Brusnikina (; born 9 November 1978) is a Russian competitor in synchronised swimming and three times Olympic champion.

She first attracted attention when, at the age of 14, she performed a solo routine at the 1993 World Junior Synchro championships. Upon the addition of team synchronised swimming to the list of Olympic events in 1996, Brusnikina was a member of the Russian team which came fourth. She won gold medal in duet with Mariya Kiselyova at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She was part of the Russian winning team in 2000, and again at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

In September 2001, Brusnikina married Sergey Yevstigneyev, an Olympic water polo player and national coach whom she first met in 1994. After marriage, they lived for a few years in Italy, where Yevstigneyev played for a local team and Brusnikina coached synchronized swimming.

Brusnikina retired shortly after the 2004 Olympics, and on 14 August 2006 gave birth to a son, Iliya. After that she coached synchronized swimming in Moscow Oblast and worked as an international referee. Currently, she is a member of the Government Commission on Physical Education and Sport and of the Russian Olympic Committee.

Since December 6, 2022, she has headed the Synchronized Swimming Federation of the Russian Federation.

Awards
In 2001, she was awarded the Order of Honour.

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Russian synchronized swimmers
Olympic medalists in synchronized swimming
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic synchronized swimmers for Russia
Synchronized swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Synchronized swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Synchronized swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Aquatics Championships medalists in synchronised swimming
Synchronized swimmers at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships
Synchronized swimmers at the 2001 World Aquatics Championships
Synchronized swimmers at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships
Swimmers from Moscow
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism alumni


Raymond Omonical Tyshone Walls (born July 24, 1979) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the fifth round of the 2001 NFL Draft. In his career, he played for the Indianapolis Colts, Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Ravens, and Arizona Cardinals.

References

1979 births
Living people
People from Kentwood, Louisiana
American football cornerbacks
Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players
Indianapolis Colts players
Cleveland Browns players
Baltimore Ravens players
Arizona Cardinals players


An Phú is a district of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam and shares the international border with Cambodia. An Phú juts out at the western edge of Vietnam into Cambodia. As of 2003 the district had a population of 178,613. The district covers an area of 226 km². The district capital lies at An Phú town.

History

The district is one of the most remote places in Vietnam. An Phú was a part of the Tầm Phong Long region that had links with former Funan kingdom and was given to the Nguyễn lords in 1757 by Chenla king Outey II.

Due to favorable conditions for agricultural cultivation and transport by water, the Vietnamese settled in the district area. The region was an important route in the trade, business strategy, and also strategically.

In May 1833 during the Siamese-Vietnamese war, the Siamese soldiers across the district on the river to attack Dai Nam. In 1841, many Chams people in Cambodia went to the district to avoid the war in Cambodia.

In the Daniel Marvin's book Expendable Elite – One Soldier's Journey into Covert Warfare, he talked about the time he worked there in the Special Forces in 1965–1966. Their camp Dan Nam camped in An Phú town and they organized a group of militant Hòa Hảo forces to support them. He said: "An Phú is the safest place all Vietnam".

There was military invasion from 1977–78 by Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge army. Almost all of the people in An Phú had to be evacuated (mainly to the Chợ Mới and Phú Tân districts). The resultant damage was non-significant.

Administrative divisions
The district is divided into two urban municipalities, An Phú and Long Bình, and 12 rural communes. These are:

Khánh An
Phú Hữu
Vĩnh Lộc
Vĩnh Hậu
Nhơn Hội
Phú Hội
Vĩnh Hội Đông
Khánh Bình
Quốc Thái
Phước Hưng
Đa Phước
Vĩnh Trường
Before 1975 An Phú was a part of Long Châu Tiền, but An Phú District then separated, following the 1975 merger with Tân Châu district of Phú Châu. By the year 1992 it was fully separated into the An Phú District of today.

People

Most of the people in An Phú District are ethnic Kinh (Vietnamese).

There are about 12,000 Chams people, who mostly live in 5 villages: Đa Phước, Vĩnh Trương, Nhơn Hội, Khánh Bình and Quốc Thái.

Monsoonal flooding
Located near Châu Đốc, An Phú district is famous for its rice and fish during the monsoonal flood season. The food comes in the seventh lunar month, roughly in August. The local government organises the Flood Season Festival annually. When the monsoonal season comes, many villages and ricefields are inundated by water. Many houses were built on stilts to protect themselves against flooding. Although produce cannot be grown during this season, the fishing catch is plentiful, and boats are the dominant mode of transport during this season.

Economy
Residents of An Phú District are mainly farmers; most of the area is under rice cultivation with alluvium soil and freshwater which also allows much fishing. Every year, when all the communes are affected by water the fields become inundated. On the Cambodian border on the other side, opposite the town of Long Bình is a market area of Cambodia known as Chrey Thum (Koh Thum).

As the road from An Phú to the capital Phnom Penh is Cambodia's most recent road from Vietnam, it has created good conditions for trade in the region.

Education
All communes and towns have schools from kindergarten to middle school.

Gallery

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


Châu Phú is a rural district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 244,305. The district covers an area of 426 km2. The district capital lies at Cái Dầu. There are some festivals here, such as the "Bình Thủy temple worshiping" and the "Sir Tây An worshiping"

Châu Phú is located 20 km south of Long Xuyên and 20 km north of Châu Đốc, the main towns in the province.

The district comprises 12 communes and one thị trấn: Khánh Hòa, Mỹ Đức, Mỹ Phú, Ô Long Vĩ, Vĩnh Thạnh Trung, Thạnh Mỹ Tây, Bình Long, Đào Hữu Cảnh, Bình Phú, Bình Chánh, Bình Mỹ and thị trấn Cái Dầu.

The majority of the population follows the Hòa Hảo religious sect.

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


Châu Thành is a district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

As of 2003 the district had a population of 171,480. The district covers an area of 347 km². The district capital lies at An Châu.

It was created when the district Châu Thành X was split into Châu Thành and Thoại Sơn district, under decree 300/CP  on August 23, 1979. Under South Vietnam, it was part of Long Xuyên province.

The district comprises the thị trấn An Châu (huyện lỵ) and 12 communes, which include a total of 63 hamlets. It borders four other districts, these being Tịnh Biên district, Châu Phú district, Chợ Mới, Thoại Sơn district and the nearby city of Long Xuyên.

The terrain is flat, and is bisected by the Hậu River.

The ethnic groups in the area in order of size, are ethnic Vietnamese, Khmer Krom, Cham, and Hoa. Hòa Hảo is the most common religion in the area.

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


Double Rainbow may refer to:

 Double rainbow, a variation of the meteorological phenomenon
 Double Rainbow (ice cream), a brand of premium ice cream, sorbets, and frozen desserts

Media
 Double Rainbow (album), Aya Matsuura's sixth album
 Double Rainbow (viral video), a viral video filmed by Paul "Bear" Vasquez
 Double Rainbow: The Music of Antonio Carlos Jobim, a 1995 album by jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson
 "Double Rainbow", a song from the 1979 Sarah Vaughan album Copacabana
 "Double Rainbow", a song from the 2013 Katy Perry album Prism


Chợ Mới is a rural district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Chợ Mới is the district with the largest population in An Giang province. As of 2003, the district had a population of 362,492. The district covers 355 km². The district's capital lies at Chợ Mới.

In addition to the district capital Chợ Mới, there are two other urban subdivisions, Mỹ Luông Town and Hội An Town. The rural communes are: Kiến An, Kiến Thành, Mỹ Hội Đông, Nhơn Mỹ, Long Giang, Long Điền A, Long Điền B, Tân Mỹ, Mỹ Hiệp, Bình Phước Xuân, Long Kiến, An Thạch Trung, Hòa Bình and Hoà An. The district is heavily criss-crossed by waterways in the delta, causing the district to consist of small islands. Hòa Hảo, Cao Đài,  Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are the main religions.

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


Stefano Borgia (3 December 1731 – 1804) was an Italian Cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian.

Life
Cardinal Borgia belonged to a well-known family of Velletri, where he was born, and was a member of the collateral branch of House of Borgia of Velletri.  His early education was controlled by his uncle Alessandro (1682–1764), Archbishop of Fermo. From his youth, Stefano Borgia manifested an aptitude for historical research and a taste for relics of ancient civilizations, a line in which he succeeded so well that, at the age of nineteen, he was received into the Academy of Cortona.

He founded a museum in Velletri, in which, during his whole life, he gathered coins and manuscripts, especially Coptic, and which may be considered his major undertaking and achievement. Such was his passion for antiquities that he is known to have sold his jewels and precious earthenware in order to secure the coveted treasures and have the description of them printed. Borgia placed his scientific collection at the disposal of scholars, regardless of creed and country, and gave them encouragement and support. Paolino da San Bartolomeo, Adler, Zoëga, Heeren, and many others were among his enthusiastic friends.

Borgia was not left entirely to his chosen field of activity, and was called to fill several important political positions. "He was admitted on all hands to be facile Princeps of the Sacred College." Benedict XIV appointed him Governor of Benevento. In 1770 he was made secretary of the Congregation de Propaganda Fide, an office of which he took advantage to acquire antiquities by the help of the missionaries—a help which proved always forthcoming.

He was made a cardinal in 1789. In the period of the French invasion, Borgia was given charge of Rome by Pius VI (1797–98). After the proclamation of the Republic, he was arrested (1798), but quickly released, whereupon he immediately resumed his studies and work of collecting; soon afterwards he joined Pius VI in Valence, Drôme, and endeavoured to have this pontiff send to Asia and Africa a body of missionaries who would preach the Gospel and gather various monuments.

Cardinal Borgia was a participant in the Papal conclave, 1800, which elected Pope Pius VII. Borgia helped him in the reorganization of the Papal States. In 1801 he was made Rector of the Collegium Romanum, and he was in the retinue of Pius VII when this pontiff went to France to crown the new emperor Napoleon. Having arrived in Lyons, Cardinal Borgia was taken ill and died. After his death his collection of Coptic manuscripts was divided: the non-Biblical manuscripts were taken to Naples and placed in the Biblioteca Borbonica, now the Biblioteca nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III; and the Biblical manuscripts, except for a few which were taken to Naples by mistake, given to the Congregation de Propaganda Fide, together with the collection of coins and monuments forming the Museo Borgiano.

At the half of the 19th century, the manuscripts of the Museo Borgiano were transferred to the Vatican Library, where they are found today. Before the partition of the manuscripts was made the scholar and convert, Georg Zoëga, wrote a complete and accurate description of them in his posthumous work Catologus Codicum Copticorum manuscriptorum qui in Museo Borgiano Velitris adservantur (Rome, 1810). Borgia also published several works bearing especially on historical topics.

The museum of Stefano Borgia in Velletri was also famous for the Charta Borgea which begins Papyrology in the west and the Codex Borgia, discovered by Alexander von Humboldt, is named after him.

Publications
 Esposizione del Monumento di Papa Giovanni XVI (Roma, 1750).
 Interpretazione di un' antica Inscrizione scoperta in Malta (Roma: Pagliani, 1751).
 Istoria della Citta di Tadino nell' Umbria, e relazione delle sue rovine (Roma, 1751).
 Illustrazione su di un antica Inscrizione della Citta di Cupra Montana, contro l'opinione del P.D. Mauro Sarti Camaldolese (Pesaro, 1752; Modena, 1756).
 Apologia del Pontificato di Benedetto X 1752 (Modena, 1756).
 Oratio hab. cor. Bened. XIV P. M. in die Ascension Dom. 1757 (Roma, 1757).
 Meorie Istoriche della Pontificia Citta di Benevento dal secolo VIII al secolo XVIII (Roma: Salomoni, 1763–69).
 Opusculum Augustinei Card. Valerii de Benedictione Agnorum Dei (Roma, 1775).
 Vaticana confessio B. Petri chronoligcis testimoniis illustrata (Roma, 1776).
 De Cruce Vaticana ex dono Iustini Augusti (Roma, 1779).
 De Cruce Veliterna Commentarius (Roma, 1780).
 Breve istoria del dominio temporale della S. Sede Apostolica sulle Due Sicilie (Roma, 1788).
 Defesa del dominio temporale della S. Sede Apostolica in Sicilia (Roma, 1791).

See also
 Borgia map
 Old Testament fragment (Naples, Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, I B 18)

References

Bibliography
  cites:
Paolino da San Bartolomeo, Vitae Synopsis Steph. Borgiae (Rome, 1805);

Further reading
 Nordenskiöld, A. E. (1891) "An account of a copy from the 15th century of a Map of the World engraved on metal, which is preserved in cardinal Stephan Borgia's museum at Velletri; copied from Ymer, 1891". Stockholm: A. L. Norman (this mappemonde was later acquired by the John Rylands Library, Manchester)

1731 births
1804 deaths
People from Velletri
18th-century Italian cardinals
Italian antiquarians
Italian numismatists
Stefano
Cardinals created by Pope Pius VI
19th-century Italian cardinals
Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities


Willie Ervin Blade II (born February 7, 1979) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Houston Texans, and Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football at Mississippi State University.

Early years
Willie Blade first attended Northside High School located on the north side of Warner Robins, GA. This is where he became close friends with Willie Ridley. It was after meeting Willie Ridley Sr that Blade became interested in playing football for the first time.

Due to his size, speed, natural athleticism and quick understanding of the game, that Blade became a starter at defensive tackle as a sophomore. Under the guidance of defensive line coach Tim Scott and head coach Conrad Nix, Blade became a standout in Georgia football.

For his senior year in high school  Blade transferred to Warner Robins High School, where he was named to the Peach State Top 40 by the Augusta Chronicle.

He went on to play at Northwest College but transferred the next year to Butler Community College, where he earned All-Jayhawk Conference honors, after registering 42 tackles (12 for loss) and 6 sacks, helping his team win the National Junior College Championship.

As a junior, he transferred to Mississippi State University where he was a reserve defensive tackle, recording 28 tackles (4 for loss), 6 quarterback pressures, and one sack. In his senior season, he was named a starter (9 out of 11 games) and posted 51 tackles, 9 tackles for loss (third on the team), 13 quarterback pressures (second on the team) and team-highs with 4 sacks and 2 fumble recoveries. He received second-team All-SEC honors and was also a semifinalist for the Outland Trophy.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys (first stint)
Blade was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (93rd overall) of the 2001 NFL Draft, after dropping because he was seen as a talented, but underachieving player. The team had finished last in the NFL in run defense the previous year and took a chance on him.

After missing the first three practices of training camp in a contract dispute, he dislocated his right wrist and sustained ligament damage during his second full practice. The injury forced the team to place him on the injured reserve list. The next season, he came into training camp out of shape and was still hampered by his right wrist injury, so the team decided to release him on September 1, 2002.

Houston Texans
On September 2, 2002, the Houston Texans claimed him off waivers, but was inactive for fifteen weeks until his release on December 24.

Dallas Cowboys (second stint)
2003 was Bill Parcells' first season as the head coach of the Dallas Cowboys, the team was looking to improve its defensive line depth and signed him on January 7. Parcells liked his potential, and went as far as involving Blade's parents, being present in every one of his weight checks and personally monitoring his workouts, while trying to change his attitude.

Blade recovered from a preseason MCL sprained and would go on to play a key role in the NFL first ranked defensive unit, starting 14 games at left defensive tackle opposite La'Roi Glover, while registering 18 tackles (3 for loss), one sack and 8 quarterback pressures. The Cowboys expected him to keep improving, but the next season he relapsed into his old habits, reporting to training camp overweight and was released on July 26, 2004.

New York Giants
On July 28, 2004, the New York Giants claimed him off waivers, but released him just two days later, after he could not complete the team's conditioning run.

Jacksonville Jaguars
On August 2, 2004, Blade was claimed by the Jacksonville Jaguars to compete for the third tackle position, but was eventually released on November 9.

Dallas Cowboys (third stint)
On January 21, 2005, he was signed by the Dallas Cowboys, but suffered a ruptured Achilles tendon in the NFL Europe training camp. He was released on September 4.

Tampa Bay Storm (AFL)
In 2007, he played with the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League.

References

1979 births
Living people
Players of American football from Warner Robins, Georgia
People from Kaiserslautern (district)
American football defensive tackles
German players of American football
Butler Grizzlies football players
Northwest Mississippi Rangers football players
Mississippi State Bulldogs football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Houston Texans players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate


Phú Tân is a rural district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 237,965. The district covers an area of 307 km². The district capital lies at Phú Mỹ.

Phú Tân is the homeland of the Hòa Hảo Buddhism religion.

Geography
The terrain is flat and the elevation is between 1 and 2 m. The population is mainly ethnic Vietnamese (98%) with Khmer people, some Cham and Hoa Chinese.

It is bordered to the north by Tân Châu, the west by Châu Đốc and Châu Phú district, the southeast by Chợ Mới, and the east by Đồng Tháp province. All four sides of Phú Tân are surrounded by waterways and rivers, effectively making it an island. These are the Tiền River in the east, Vĩnh An canal (linking the river with Hậu River) in the north and northwest, and Vàm Nao River in the south and southwest, which flows into the Bassac River.

Administration
Tân Phú was established on 12 May 1968, by adding together portions of the old districts of Tân Châu and Châu Phú. In September 1974, Tân Phú and some communes of Đồng Tháp Province were split into two districts in Phú Tân, Tân Phú A and B. In 1976, these two districts were merged to form the current Tân Phú. Phú Tân derives its name from Châu Phú and Tân Châu.

Phú Tân has 19 administrative subdivisions, comprising two town: Phú Mỹ and Chợ Vàm, and the following communes: Long Sơn, Long Hòa, Phú Lâm, Phú Thạnh, Phú An, Phú Thọ, Tân Hòa, Tân Trung, Phú Hưng, Hiệp Xương, Bình Thạnh Đông, Phú Bình, Hòa Lạc, Phú Hiệp, Phú Thành, Phú Long and Phú Xuân.

The district is the site of some historical and cultural Cham artefacts and is a bastion of the Hòa Hảo.

Economy
The average annual growth of the GDP of the district average in the period 2001–05 was 10.79%. In 2005, primary industries accounted for 41.6% of the economy, secondary industry for 20.8%, and services accounted for 37.6%.

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


"Hidden Agenda" is a song by English singer Craig David. It was written by David and producer Mark Hill for his second studio album, Slicker Than Your Average (2002). The song was released on 6 January 2003 as the album's second single and became his eighth top-10 hit in the United Kingdom (including his Artful Dodger collaborations), peaking at number 10 and spending six weeks inside the UK top 75. After the change in sound between his debut album Born to Do It and "What's Your Flava?", the lead single from Slicker Than Your Average, "Hidden Agenda" returned David to the sound for which he was known for in his worldwide hits such as "7 Days" and "Walking Away" and re-united him with Artful Dodger record producer Mark Hill.

Music video
The music video for "Hidden Agenda" features Puerto Rican model Roselyn Sánchez and was directed by directing team Calabazitaz. The video was filmed in Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, México.

Track listings

Notes
  signifies an additional producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2003 singles
2003 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Craig David songs
Songs written by Craig David
Warner Music Australasia singles


Tân Châu is a town (thị xã) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2009 the town had a population of 184,129. The town covers an area of 175.68 km².

It is famous for Tân Châu silk with the famous product Lãnh Mỹ A, whose black colour comes from the Diospyros mollis's fruit (Vietnamese: Mặc nưa).

Tân Châu was formed in 1757. Tân Châu District was the largest province of Châu Đốc, but was divided in 1929 (with Hong Ngự District) and 1968 (separated from part of Tân Phú district). Tân Châu district is now a separate district part of An Giang Province. It was upgraded to town status in 2009 and has a population of 184,129.

References

Districts of An Giang province
County-level towns in Vietnam


Garnell Wayman Wilds (born June 8, 1981) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and Carolina Panthers. He played college football at Virginia Tech.

Early life
Wilds was born in Tampa, Florida and attended Hillsborough High School, where he played football.

College career
After graduating high school, Wilds attended Virginia Tech. During his freshman season, he tore his ACL in left left knee. During his junior season in 2004, he led the Big East Conference with five interceptions.

Wilds started the first six games of his senior season, during which he had one interception and 31 tackles. However, his season ended early when he tore cartilage in his left knee before the game against West Virginia University.

Professional career
Coming off a knee injury, Wilds went undrafted during the 2004 NFL Draft. He talked to both the Kansas City Chiefs and Indianapolis Colts, before ultimately signing with the Washington Redskins.

References

1981 births
Living people
Players of American football from Tampa, Florida
American football defensive backs
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
Washington Redskins players
Carolina Panthers players


Thoại Sơn is a rural district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

In 2003 the district had a population of 187,620. The district covers an area of 456 km². The district capital lies at Núi Sập.

The "Óc Eo" ruins of Cattara in the Kingdom of Funan is located here and they are believed to be from a trading port dating to between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. Thoại Sơn borders Châu Thành to the north, Tri Tôn to the west, Long Xuyên to the east and Kiên Giang province to the south.

The district is the location of Sap mountain, Ba mountain and the Hồ Ông Thoại tourist region.

References

Districts of An Giang province
An Giang province


South Carolina Highway 243 (SC 243) is a  state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels on an east–west direction (though signed as north–south) from SC 59 and SC 182 in Fair Play to Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 11 and SC 24. The highway closely parallels I-85 to the north.

Route description
SC 243 begins at an intersection with SC 59 and SC 182 in the census designated place of Fair Play, Oconee County. Numerous businesses surround the intersection which also is the southern terminus of SC 182. SC 243 travels east along East Fair Play Boulevard past houses, a store, churches, a cemetery, and a post office. Whitfield Road splits off from the road and travels south to I-85's exit 4. SC 243 continues east-northeast into Anderson County through a mix of farmland and woods. At the highway's end, it intersects SC 24 in front of a cafe. On the opposite side of SC 24, I-85's exit 11 southbound on and off-ramps are present. The northbound ramps of the interchange are located south of this point near SC 24.

History

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

SC 243 at Virginia Highways' South Carolina Highways Annex

243
Transportation in Oconee County, South Carolina
Transportation in Anderson County, South Carolina