The Diocese of Saitama (, ) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Saitama in the Ecclesiastical province of Tokyo in Japan.

History
 January 4, 1939: Established as Apostolic Prefecture of Urawa from the Diocese of Yokohama
 December 16, 1957: Promoted as Diocese of Urawa
 March 31, 2003: Renamed as Diocese of Saitama
 June 2, 2018: Appointment of Rev. Don Mario Michiaki Yamanouchi, S.D.B.

Leadership
 Bishops of Saitama (Roman rite)
Bishop  Mario Michiaki Yamanouchi, SDB (マリオ山野内倫) (2018.06.02 – present)
 Bishop Marcellino Taiji Tani (マルセリーノ谷大二) (2000.05.10 -Resigned 2013.07.27)
 Bishops of Urawa (Roman rite)
 Archbishop Peter Takeo Okada (ペトロ岡田武夫) (1991.04.15 – 2000.02.17)
 Archbishop Francis Xavier Kaname Shimamoto (フランシスコ・ザビエル島本要), Ist. del Prado (1979.12.20 – 1990.02.08)
 Bishop Laurentius Satoshi Nagae (ラウレンチオ長江 恵) (1957.12.24 – 1979.12.20)
 Prefects Apostolic of Urawa (Roman rite)
 Fr. Paul Sakuzo Uchino (パウロ内野作蔵) (1945.12.13 – 1957)
 Fr. Ambroise Leblanc (アンブローズ・ルブラン), O.F.M. (1939 – 1940)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Japan

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

References

External links
 Diocese website
 http://www.cbcj.catholic.jp/jpn/diocese/saitama.htm

Roman Catholic dioceses in Japan
Christian organizations established in 1939
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1939 establishments in Japan


Sainte-Euphémie-sur-Ouvèze (, literally Sainte-Euphémie on Ouvèze; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Saint-Ferréol-Trente-Pas (Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Ferriòu) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Thomas Kroth (born 26 August 1959) is a German former professional football who played as a midfielder.

Club career
Kroth won the DFB-Pokal in 1987 with Hamburger SV and in 1989 with Borussia Dortmund. He played in more than 250 West German top-flight matches.

International career
In 1985, he earned one cap for West Germany against Hungary.

Later career
Nowadays he is executive director of the agency PRO Profil, which merchandises and takes care of sportsmen.

Honours
Hamburger SV
 DFB-Pokal: 1986–87

Borussia Dortmund
 DFB-Pokal: 1988–89
 DFL-Supercup: 1989

References

External links

 Thomas Kroth at eintracht-archiv.de

1959 births
German men's footballers
Germany men's international footballers
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Living people
Kickers Offenbach players
1. FC Köln players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Hamburger SV players
Borussia Dortmund players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
West German men's footballers
Footballers from Lower Franconia
People from Erlenbach am Main


Saint-Gervais-sur-Roubion (; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Gervais de Robion) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


The Missouri River Valley outlines the journey of the Missouri River from its headwaters where the Madison, Jefferson and Gallatin Rivers flow together in Montana to its confluence with the Mississippi River in the State of Missouri. At  long the valley drains one-sixth of the United States, and is the longest river valley on the North American continent. The valley in the Missouri River basin includes river bottoms and floodplains.

Geography
The Missouri's valley ranges from  to  wide from edge to edge, with gentle slopes from the adjacent upland to the valley floor. Other segments are narrow, less than two miles (3 km) wide, with rugged valley sides. Generally, the wide segments trend west–east and the narrow segments trend north–south.

Starting in the state of Montana, the Missouri River Valley travels through North Dakota, South Dakota, forms the shared border of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, goes into Kansas and then eastward through the state of Missouri. The valley travels through several distinct ecoregions with distinct climate, geology and native species.

The Loess Hills are a unique geographic feature of the valley. Loess, a wind-deposited soil, is compounded in slowly rising hills at various points in extreme eastern portions of Nebraska and Kansas along the Missouri River Valley, particularly near the Nebraska cities of Brownville, Rulo, Plattsmouth, Fort Calhoun, and Ponca, rising no more than  above the Missouri River bottoms. The majority of these hills stretch along the east side of the river, from Westfield, Iowa in the north to Mound City, Missouri in the south.

Flooding
Channeling and levee construction have altered how floods affect the Missouri River Valley. Several large floods have affected the valley since Europeans first came into the area. The first recorded event is the Great Flood of 1844, which crested in Kansas City on July 16, 1844, discharged  per second. The Great Flood of 1951 discharged  per second, cresting on July 14, 1951. This flood devastated the lower Missouri River Valley, including Kansas City, along a reach of river where there was no levee system. The Kansas City Stockyards were destroyed and the city was forced to move the development of an airport away from the Missouri River bottoms. The Great Flood of 1993 discharged at  per second and devastated much of the upper valley.

Culture

The Missouri River Valley Culture, or "Steamboat Society," was first defined in the 1850s by non-Indian residents of the Dakotas who sold wood to steamboats or trapped furs along the river bottoms. Gambling, prostitution and illegal alcohol sales to American Indians fueled the growth of the culture, which eventually included outfitters, livestock ranchers and tribal agents. A line of urbanized centers grew along the river in response which bloomed when reservations were allotted throughout the region.

Uniting themselves along the banks of the river, South Dakotans identify themselves even today as "East River" or "West River". According to the University of South Dakota, the associated present-day culture of the Missouri River Valley contains a broad swath of political, social, historic, and artistic perspectives.

Management

The Flood Control Act of 1944 introduced the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program. Designed to benefit the entirety of the Missouri River Basin including the valley, the plan sought to meet the needs of residents throughout the area by providing irrigation systems and reservoirs for storing water where needed, along with hydroelectric power, flood control measures, and navigational improvement.

The government did not complete the comprehensive plan for the valley, instead introducing individual projects, including the construction of six dams. They are the Fort Peck Dam in Montana, the Garrison Dam in North Dakota, the Oahe, Big Bend, and Fort Randall Dams in South Dakota, and the Gavins Point Dam in Nebraska and South Dakota. The channel of the Missouri was also improved extensively along with the development of ports such as the one in Omaha throughout the 1950s and 60s for greater volumes of traffic on the river, which have never come to fruition.

Protected areas
Following at a distance of years the first recorded exploration of the majority of the valley by the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806), there have been numerous attempts at preserving the natural habitats of the Missouri River Valley, spurred in its early days by concerns of duck hunters, for the Missouri basin lies across a major migration toutes, the Central Flyway, and in the river's lower reaches, the Mississippi Flyway. Today there are several protected areas throughout the course of the Missouri River Valley. They include the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri and the DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge in Nebraska. The Katy Trail travels along the valley in Missouri. Other protected areas in the valley include:

 Boyer Chute National Wildlife Refuge
 Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
 Lake Sakakawea
 Missouri Headwaters State Park
 Ponca State Park
 Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument

See also
 Tributaries of the Missouri River (category)
 Ionia Volcano
 Little Dixie (Missouri)
 River basins in the United States

References

External links
 Missouri River Valley Explorer

Missouri River
River valleys of the United States
Valleys of North Dakota
Valleys of Missouri
Geography of Omaha, Nebraska


Lennox Sylvanus "Bobby" Mohammed (2 June 1942 - 25 May 2021) was a musician and pannist from Trinidad and Tobago.  He was the youngest arranger to win Panorama.

Career
Lennox Mohammed was born on 2 June 1942 in Siparia; his family moved to Mon Repos in San Fernando when he was nine years old.  He attended Presentation College, and was a founding member of the Gondoliers steelband.  He left and founded the Cavaliers in 1961 with 18 pannists.  Later that year, the Gondoliers and the Cavaliers faced each other in a competition to win sponsorship from Guinness Caribbean Ltd, with the Cavaliers winning.  The Cavaliers went on to win the 1964 Southern Steelband Competition.  In 1965, the Cavaliers took first place at the Panorama competition, making Mohammed the youngest arranger to win.  After placing second in 1966, Mohammed and the Cavaliers finished first again in 1967.

Mohammed was awarded the Gold Hummingbird Medal in 1992.  In 2019, the Harris Promenade East Street in San Fernando was renamed the Lennox "Bobby" Mohammed Street in his honour.

Mohammed died on 25 May 2021 at the San Fernando General Hospital after experiencing kidney failure.  His funeral was held on 1 June.

References

1942 births
2021 deaths
Trinidad and Tobago people of Indian descent
Steelpan musicians

External links

 Memories in Pan (2011)

Recipients of the Hummingbird Medal
People from Siparia region
People from San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
20th-century Trinidad and Tobago musicians
21st-century Trinidad and Tobago musicians
Trinidad and Tobago male musicians
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
People educated at Presentation College, San Fernando


Robert "Bob" H. Jerry, II (born 1953) is the former dean of the University of Florida's Levin College of Law, serving from 2003 to 2014. He succeeded Jon Mills, who stepped down and returned to the University of Florida's law faculty. Jerry became Dean of the College in July 2003.

Jerry earned a B.S. magna cum laude from Indiana State University in 1974. Jerry graduated cum laude from the University of Michigan Law School, where he was a member of the Michigan Law Review. In 1977. Jerry served as a law clerk for Judge George E. MacKinnon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1977 to 1978.

Before Jerry became the dean of the Levin College of Law in 2003, he held the Floyd R. Gibson Missouri Endowed Professorship at the University of Missouri School of Law in Columbia, Missouri (1998–2003).  From 1994 to 1998, he was the Herbert Herff Chair of Excellence at the Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law at the University of Memphis.  He also served as the dean of the University of Kansas School of Law from 1989 to 1994, where he was also a member of the faculty from 1981 to 1994. He practiced law with the firm of Barnes, Hickam, Pantzer & Boyd in Indianapolis, Indiana from 1978 to 1981.

In August 2013, Jerry announced he would be stepping down as Dean at the end of the '13-'14 school year in (May 2014). He remained on the faculty.

Jerry teaches a course on insurance law and is the author of Understanding Insurance Law, published by LexisNexis.

References

External links

Dean Jerry's Official Bio
Robert Jerry's CV
Robert Jerry announced as new Dean in 2003

Living people
University of Florida faculty
Deans of law schools in the United States
Indiana State University alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
1953 births


Tatara may refer to:

General uses
 Bond (Chinese constellation), one of White Tiger's Stars
 Tatara Bridge, a bridge on the Shimanami Kaidō connecting Hiroshima Prefecture and Ehime Prefecture in Japan
 Tatara (furnace), from the Japanese word for bellows
 Tatara (ship), a small traditional canoe of the Yami people

People
 Tatara (clan), a Manchu clan
 Kacper Tatara, a Polish soccer player
 Tatara (Fushigi Yūgi), a fictional character of the manga Fushigi Yūgi authored by Watase Yuu
 Tatara, the disguised name of the fictional female protagonist Sarasa, or the name of her brother, in the manga Basara authored by Tamura Yumi


Conteville () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Conteville is situated on the D156 and D66 crossroads, some  northeast of Abbeville. It is surrounded by the communes Hiermont, Domléger-Longvillers and Cramont.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


The Diocese of Yokohama (, ) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church.  Its cathedral is located in the city of Yokohama.  It is a suffragan diocese of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tokyo in Japan and therefore in Tokyo's ecclesiastical province.

History
There have been two dioceses in Yokohama.  On January 5, 1846, the Apostolic Vicariate of Japan was established. This became the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Japan in 1876 and then was suppressed in 1891 to establish the Archdiocese of Tokyo.

On November 11, 1937, the Diocese of Yokohama was erected out of territory of the Archdiocese of Tokyo.  The new diocese covered eight prefectures of Japan: Kanagawa, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gumma, Saitama, Yamanashi, Nagano and Shizuoka.  On January 4, 1939, four of those prefectures – Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gumma – were moved to the newly formed Apostolic Prefecture of Urawa, now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saitama.

Leadership
The Bishops of the diocese have been:
 Bishop Rafael Masahiro Umemura (ラファエル梅村昌弘) (since 1999.03.16)
 Cardinal Stephen Fumio Hamao (ステファノ濱尾文郎) (1979.10.30 – 1998.06.15)
 Bishop Luke Katsusaburo Arai (ルカ荒井勝三郎) (1951.12.13 – 1979.10.30)
 Bishop Thomas Asagoro Wakida (トマ脇田浅五郎) (1947.03.25 – 1951.07.05)
 Cardinal Peter Tatsuo Doi (ペトロ土井辰雄) (Apostolic Administrator 1945 – 1947)
 Archbishop Jean-Baptiste-Alexis Chambon (ジャン・アレキシス・ジャンボン), M.E.P. (1937.11.09 – 1940.09.18)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Japan

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

References

External links
 http://www.cbcj.catholic.jp/jpn/diocese/yokohama.htm

Roman Catholic dioceses in Japan
Christian organizations established in 1937
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1937 establishments in Japan


Saint-Julien-en-Quint (; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Julian de Quint) is a commune in the Drôme department located in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References

Communes of Drôme


Ursula Nordstrom (February 2, 1910 – October 11, 1988) was publisher and editor-in-chief of juvenile books at Harper & Row from 1940 to 1973. She is credited with presiding over a transformation in children's literature in which morality tales written for adult approval gave way to works that instead appealed to children's imaginations and emotions.

She also authored the 1960 children's book The Secret Language. A collection of her correspondence was published in 1998, as Dear Genius: the Letters of Ursula Nordstrom.

Biography

Early life
Ursula Nordstrom was born in Manhattan on February 2, 1910 to Henry E. Dixey and Marie Nordstrom, vaudeville comedians, and grew up in New York City. She took business courses at The Scudder School for Girls in New York.

Career
Nordstrom was hired in 1936 as a clerk in the textbook department of Harper & Brothers, and later as an assistant in the Harper Books for Boys and Girls section for Louise Raymond. She was promoted to Harper's editor in chief of the Department of Books for Boys and Girls in 1940 after Raymond adopted a baby girl and announced her retirement. In 1960, she became Harper's first female vice president.

Nordstrom disliked the genteel, sentimental tone of American children's literature and sought to bring children crimes and punishments of fellow miscreants with books like Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are (1963) and Louise Fitzhugh's Harriet the Spy and The Long Secret. Her unorthodox outlook on publishing and lack of educational pedigree is best summed up by her motto “good books for bad children." For Nordstrom and her authors and illustrators, it was felt that the best book results when author and illustrator have a good working relationship, which gave way to partnerships between Ruth Krauss and Maurice Sendak and Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd.

Many of her colleagues and competition thought her books were ahead of their time. Nordstrom edited some of the milestones of children's literature, including E. B. White's Stuart Little (1945) and Charlotte's Web (1952), Margaret Wise Brown's Goodnight Moon (1947), Crockett Johnson's Harold and the Purple Crayon (1955), Syd Hoff's Danny and the Dinosaur (1958), Karla Kuskin's Roar and More (1956), and Shel Silverstein's Where the Sidewalk Ends (1974). Other authors she edited included Laura Ingalls Wilder, Ruth Krauss, Charlotte Zolotow, John Steptoe, M.E. Kerr, and Arnold Lobel. Harper's books received three Newbery Medals and two Caldecott Medals during her tenure.

Nordstrom stepped down as publisher in 1973, but continued on as senior editor with her own imprint, Ursula Nordstrom Books, until 1979. She was succeeded at Harper's by her protege, author Charlotte Zolotow, who began her career as Nordstrom's stenographer.

Death and legacy
In 1972, Nordstrom was a recipient of the Women's National Book Association's Constance Lindsay Skinner Award. In 1980, she was the first woman and children's publisher to receive the Association of American Publishers' Curtis Benjamin Award.

Nordstrom died in 1988, aged 78, from ovarian cancer. With her at the time of death was her longtime companion, Mary Griffith. In 1989, she was posthumously inducted into the Publishing Hall of Fame. In 1998, Nordstrom's personal correspondence was published as Dear Genius: The Letters of Ursula Nordstrom (illustrated by Maurice Sendak), edited by Leonard S. Marcus.

Publishing highlights

Bibliography
 The Secret Language, 1960

References

External links

1910 births
1988 deaths
Writers from Manhattan
American book publishers (people)
American book editors
American children's writers
Children's book publishers
American LGBT writers
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American LGBT people


Total Recut is a social networking, video sharing and resources website for fans and creators of video remixes, recuts and mash-ups, where users can submit, view, share, rate and comment on user generated remixed video clips. Total Recut was created in June 2007 as a result of the master's degree project of an Irish graduate student, Owen Gallagher, who wrote his Masters Thesis on remix culture. The County Donegal, Ireland based service uses embedding technology to display a wide array of video content, including movie trailer recuts, political remixes, machinima, subvertisements, music mash-ups and many others. The site also contains original material that users can remix including a large number of public domain videos and Creative Commons licensed clips.

Unregistered users of Total Recut are able to watch videos on the site, while registered users may submit an unlimited number of videos and make wiki style changes to any information relating to the content. The site offers social networking opportunities in the ability to add friends, comment on each other's profiles, start personal video collections and send messages, as well as an active forum and blog, which users can contribute to freely. Users can also enter contests to win prizes, find tutorials and tools to help them create their own remixes, learn about the issues surrounding remix culture, including the balance between copyright and freedom of expression, download mobile content to their cellphones and connect with other like-minded individuals.

Awards
Total Recut was shortlisted for the final of the 2007 Golden Spiders awards, hosted in Dublin and the 2007 Northern Ireland 25k Awards for innovative business ideas hosted in Belfast. The project was also successful in qualifying for the Fellowship Global Scholars program, following an intensive application and interview process. In January 2008, founder Owen Gallagher was sent to Kansas City, Missouri as part of the Global Scholars program, along with 11 others from the UK, Ireland and Denmark, to make connections and learn about US entrepreneurship with a view to expanding their business ideas upon their return.

Media attention
In June 2007, as part of the Total Recut project, several video recuts were created and uploaded to YouTube to coincide with the Irish general elections, to decide who the next Taoiseach (Prime Minister) was going to be. The two candidates were the existing Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern and the leader of the opposition, Enda Kenny. Bertie Ahern's annual Ard Fheis speech was remixed with footage from the BBC TV show, Dragons' Den to make it appear as if Ahern was pitching an idea to the Dragons. Enda Kenny's Ard Fheis speech was remixed with footage from the popular American Idol TV show, which showed him auditioning for Simon Cowell and his judging panel. Both videos became popular nationally and received significant media attention including write ups in the Sunday Tribune, the Sunday Business Post, the Sunday Independent and the Derry People/Donegal News as well as being played on national radio stations including 2FM, Today FM, 98FM and Phantom FM, appearing on TV3 News, numerous blogs and being added to thousands of Bebo profile pages. The videos have now been watched over 200,000 times.

In December 2007, three videos created as part of the Total Recut project were removed from YouTube under grounds of copyright infringement. This also meant that the YouTube account was 'permanently disabled' for having three strikes against it. The videos in question were the aforementioned 'Bertie Ahern on Dragons Den' clip, which BBC Worldwide claimed was infringing on their copyright, a video entitled 'Shrek Recut' that Paramount Pictures felt was infringing on their copyrights and a clip entitled 'Dynamite Drugs' which used footage from the 20th Century Fox owned, Napoleon Dynamite, and remixed it with a public domain public service announcement from the 1950s. Each of these videos were between 1 and 3 minutes in length, held no commercial value whatsoever and were created as part of a University of Ulster Master's degree project on remix culture.

Total Recut founder, Owen Gallagher filed counter notifications on all three videos to BBC Worldwide, Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox and within 10 days, all three videos were reinstated and his YouTube account was restored. The story received significant media attention with articles published in the Irish Daily Mirror, The Sunday Tribune and the Derry People/Donegal News, as well as numerous blog references including the American University Center for Social Media and popular Irish blog, Mulley.net.

References

Irish social networking websites
Video hosting
Internet properties established in 2007
Mass media companies of Ireland


Saint-Julien-en-Vercors (, literally Saint-Julien in Vercors; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Julian de Vercòrs) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References

Communes of Drôme


Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia ( – 8 May 1981) was the first son and second child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was also the eldest nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar.

Born and raised in Imperial Russia during the reign of his uncle Nicholas II, his military career in the Russian navy and the Chevalier guards was cut short by the Russian Revolution. He escaped the fate of many of his relatives killed by the Bolsheviks, fleeing to his parents' estate in Crimea. For a time, he was under house arrest there with a large group of family members. He married there.

In December 1918, he left Russia with his wife and his father. They lived for a couple of years in Paris, France, which had a large population of Russian refugees. Eventually he settled in England in the household of his mother. His wife died during World War II, a victim of the London Blitz. He remarried in 1942. He moved to Provender House in Faversham, Kent, which was owned by the family of his second wife. Alexandrovich lived quietly there as an English country squire until his death. His son, Prince Andrew Andreevich, was claimant to the headship of the Romanov Family until his death in 2021.

Early life

Prince Andrei Alexandrovich was born at the Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, the second child and first son of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. Although an Imperial Romanov Family Dynast and a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he did not receive the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. Due to the insistence of his grandmother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, he was honoured with a 21 gun salute at birth (which was usually reserved for Grand Dukes), although he was only a Prince of Russia (to be honoured with a 15-gun salute).

In his youth, before World War I, Prince Andrei toured Europe with his parents. At Biarritz, he joined his great uncle King Edward VII of the United Kingdom at the Palace Hotel. Prince Andrei joined the Russian navy and served under his father Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia. Later he became lieutenant in the Chevalier guards, whose colonel-in-chief was his uncle, Emperor Nicholas II. Just before the Russian revolution, he was the only member of his family to accompany the Empress Alexandra and her four daughters on their last visit to the churches of Novgorod. It was the last time he saw them.

Revolution

At the fall of the Russian monarchy with the February Revolution in 1917, Prince Andrei moved with his siblings and their parents to his father's property in Crimea, Ai-Todor. A large group of members of the Romanov family gathered there, trying to escape the disturbances in the rest of the country. At first they lived undisturbed while the Russian Provisional Government was in power.

It was during this turbulent period that Prince Andrei began a relationship with Elisabetta Ruffo-Sasso (1886–1940) dei duchi di Sasso-Ruffo dei principi di Sant' Antimo, a young divorcée. They had met in St Petersburg in 1916. She was a daughter of Fabrizio Ruffo, Duke of Sasso-Ruffo, and Princess Natalia Alexandrovna Mescherskaya (a descendant of a famous family of the Stroganovs), and distantly related to the Romanovs. Elisabetta had a daughter, (Elisabeth Alexandrovna Friederici), from her first marriage to Major General Alexander Alexandrovitch Friederici (1878–1916) (they had married in 1907). Elisabetta, from the noble house of Ruffo di Calabria, was a cousin of Queen Paola of Belgium.

After Elisabetta became pregnant, the couple married on 12 June 1918 in the family chapel at Ai-Todor in the presence of his family, including his grandmother the Dowager Empress. Prince Andrei was twenty-one years old and his grandmother had thought him too young for marriage, but his parents, Grand Duchess Xenia and Grand Duke Alexander, gave their permission. During this time they could not contact Prince Andrei's uncle, the last reigning Emperor, Nicholas II of Russia, who was being held in captivity in internal exile. A month later, Nicholas II was killed with his wife and children while they were held captive in Yekaterinburg on 16/17 July 1918. In later life Prince Andrei rarely spoke of them, as he found the memories too painful.

The situation of the Romanovs in Crimea deteriorated after the successful Bolshevik coup of November 1917. For a time Prince Andrei was imprisoned along with his parents, grandmother the Dowager Empress, and a large number of other Romanov relatives, at Dulber, a palace in Crimea that belonged to Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia. In 1918 Russia and Germany were still at war. When German troops invaded the peninsula, they liberated the Romanovs in captivity. In December 1918, Prince Andrei left Russia with his wife, who was pregnant with their first child, and his father, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich aboard the Royal Navy ship HMS Marlborough in order to attend the Paris Peace Conference. He and his father were seeking support in western Europe for the White Army.

Exile
Prince Andrei spent the first couple of years in exile in France. For a time he lived in the French Riviera in a property that belonged to his aunt Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia. The two eldest children of Prince Andrei and his wife, who was called Elsa within the family, were born in France and the youngest one in London:
Princess Xenia Andreevna (1919–2000) m. 1 1945 to Calhoun Ancrum (1915–1990); they divorced in 1954. m. 2 1958 Geoffrey Tooth (1908–1998). She had no children from either marriage.
Prince Michael Andreevich (1920–2008) m. 1 1953 Jill Murphy (1921–2006); they divorced in 1953. m. 2 1954 Shirley Cramond (1916–1983). m. 3 1993 Giulia Crespi (b. 1930). Michael had no children from any of his marriages.
Prince Andrew Andreevich (1923–2021) m. 1 1951 Elena Dournovo (1927—1992). They had one son before divorcing in 1959. m. 2 1961 Kathleen Norris (1935–1967). They had two children. m. 3 1987 Inez Storer (born 1933). From 31 December 2016 to 28 November 2021, most of Emperor Nicholas I's descendants recognized him as head of the Romanov Family.

Short of money and without a steady occupation, Prince Andrei eventually settled permanently in England at Frogmore, where his mother Grand Duchess Xenia had a grace-and-favour residence named Wilderness House. They later moved to Hampton Court. They were living there during World War II when Elisabetta, already near death from cancer, died following an air raid in October 1940. One bomb hit very close to their house, causing a ceiling beam to fall onto Elisabetta. She died shortly thereafter.

Two years later, while staying in Balmoral, Prince Andrei met his second wife Nadine McDougall (1908–2000). She was the eldest of three daughters of Lieutenant Colonel Herbert McDougall and his Finnish wife Sylvia Borgström. They became engaged on 18 June 1942 and married at Norton, Kent  church, near Provender on 21 September 1942. The Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple, officiated the Anglican service. The Russian Orthodox wedding was presided by Archimandrite Nicholas who, as Sydney Gibbes, had been tutor of the children of Tsar Nicholas II.

Prince Andrei had one daughter from his second marriage:
Princess Olga Andreevna (b. 1950) m. 1975 Thomas Mathew (b. 1945). They had four children.

In 1949, Prince Andrei moved into Provender House in Faversham, Kent, which was owned by the family of his second wife. The house was noted as having been a hunting lodge of Edward, the Black Prince.
Provender was the prince's only real home in exile.

He spent his time gardening, entertaining, and cooking, which he had learnt from the French chefs in his parents' palaces. He was an artist and had several exhibitions of his works in Paris before World War II. He designed the cover of Let's Light the Candles, a memoir by his mother-in-law. Over the years he came to enjoy his role as an English country squire, opening church fetes and sporting charitable causes, particularly in the village where he lived.

He had some outside interests as well. After the death of his mother Grand Duchess Xenia, he inherited her position as President of the Legat Ballet. His nephew, the Marquess of Milford Haven, appointed him as president of the Chaine des Rotisseurs for London and the Home Counties.
Prince Andrei was the protector of the Sovereign Order of the Orthodox Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem.

Prince Andrei Alexandrovich lived quietly until his death at home in Faversham on 8 May 1981, aged 84. He was buried in the church at Norton. His widow died in 2000.

Ancestry

Notes

References

Princess Olga Romanoff. My father and his family. Royalty Digest Quarterly. 2007 N 1.
Van Der Kiste, John & Hall, Coryne. Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II. Sutton Publishing, 2002. .
Willis, Daniel. The Romanovs in the 21st Century: a genealogical Biography. VDM, 2009. .

1897 births
1981 deaths
Princes of royal blood (Russia)
People from Faversham
Royalty from Saint Petersburg
20th-century Russian people
19th-century people from the Russian Empire
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
Russian anti-communists
Exiled royalty


The international tournament organised by Netanya Chess Club started in 1961. The most famous competition took place in 1968 when Robert James Fischer won (scoring 11.5/13) ahead of Daniel Yanofsky and Moshe Czerniak.

Netanya International Chess Tournament

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! # !!Year !! Winner
|-
| 1 || 1961 ||
|-
| 2 || 1964 ||
|-
| 3 || 1965 ||
|-
| 4 || 1968 ||
|-
| 5 || 1969 ||
|-
| 6 || 1971 ||
|-
| 7 || 1973 ||
|-
| 8 || 1975 ||
|-
| 9 || 1976 ||
|-
| 10 || 1977 ||
|-
| ? || ? || ?
|-
| ? || 1983 ||
|}

References

External links
 Portal page of chess in Netanya: http://netanyachess.com/en_ev/events.en.htm

Chess competitions
Chess in Israel
1961 in chess
Recurring sporting events established in 1961
1961 establishments in Israel
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1983
1983 disestablishments in Israel


Saint-Laurent-d'Onay (; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


This is a list of airlines currently operating in Sudan.

| blue jet aviation || ||

See also
 List of defunct airlines of Sudan
 List of airports in Sudan
 List of companies based in Sudan
 List of air carriers banned in the European Union

Sudan
Airlines
Airlines
Sudan


Saint-Laurent-en-Royans (; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. It is situated to the north of Saint-Jean-en-Royans, and to the west of Combe Laval.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References

Communes of Drôme


Saint-Marcel-lès-Sauzet (, literally Saint-Marcel near Sauzet; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Jožin z bažin is a song written by Czech musician and comedian Ivan Mládek and recorded by his group, Banjo Band, in 1977. It is considered the band's best-known song, both at home and internationally. In January 2008, it became popular in Poland, winning several radio hit lists, and the band recorded a Polish version on their album Jozin z bazin w Polsce, released the same year.  It was also popular in Hungary, Austria, and Russia.

Story
The song is a parody on medieval tales, where a brave knight rescues a remote kingdom terrorized by a horrible monster, marries the princess, and receives half the kingdom as a reward. A man driving through the Czech region of Moravia in a Škoda 100 finds a village terrorized by a monster named Jožin (Joey from the swamps), who eats mainly tourists from Prague. The chairman of the local collective farm promises half of the farm, together with his daughter's hand in marriage, if the man defeats the monster. The man asks for a cropduster plane, the only known weapon against the monster. He catches Jožin and then decides to just sell him to a zoo.

Metallica cover
American heavy metal band Metallica covered the song during a concert in Prague in 2018, receiving an enthusiastic response from their audience.

References

External links

 Sheet music on musescore.com

Czech songs
Czech-language songs
1977 songs
Songs about monsters
Internet memes


Campagne (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Château de Campagne
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Álvaro Obregón is located in the center zone of the Mexican state of Michoacán.
This town limits with the state of Guanajuato to the north, with Querendaro and Indaparapeo to the east, with Charo to the south, with Tarimbaro to the west and with Cuitzeo to the northwest. It is also home to Morelia's International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional General Francisco J. Mujica).

Demographics
It has a total of 19,502 people. Its ethnic population is about  49 people, 31 men and 18 women and their principal languages are Huichol and Purepecha.
Its education structure is formed by preschool, high school and secondary education.

History
This town was founded between 1760 and 1770 by people who lived in other towns like Singuio. This town is named Álvaro Obregón in honor of assassinated Revolutionary General and subsequent President Álvaro Obregón.

Geography
Its territorial size is 162.64 km2 and it represents 0.35% of Michoacán.

Its weather is temperate with rains in summer. It has important mountains and valleys like Cuitzeo, lomas de Purisimio, Quirio, Tzentzenguaro, and its principal river is rio Grande.

Climate

Transportation
General Francisco J. Mujica International Airport is located in Álvaro Obregón.

Economy
The main economic activity performed in the town is agriculture.

They mainly seed corn, wheat, alfalfa, sargo and chickpea.

Notable sites/buildings
Templo de San Bartolo, Templo Espiritual de las Tres Ponencias y Palacio Municipal.
Ex hacienda de San Bartolo.
Ex hacienda de Quirio.
Ex hacienda de Tzintzimeo.
Ex hacienda de Palo Blanco.

References

Populated places in Michoacán


Hugó Veigelsberg (2 November 1869, Pest – 3 August 1949, Budapest) was a noted Hungarian editor and writer who usually published under the pen name Ignotus (Latin for "unknown").  He was distinguished for the lyric individuality of his poems, stories, and sociological works.  In addition to "Ignotus", he also wrote under the pseudonyms "Dixi," "Pató Pál," and "Tar Lorincz".

His works include A Slemil Keservei (1891), Versek (1894), Vallomások (1900), and Végzet, a translation of a novel by the Dutch author Louis Couperus. He also founded the literary magazine Nyugat. His father was the journalist Leó Veigelsberg, and his son Pál (Paul) Ignotus (1901–1978) was a journalist and writer who worked for the BBC during World War II.

External links

1869 births
1949 deaths
People from Pest, Hungary
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian male poets
19th-century Hungarian poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers
20th-century Hungarian poets
20th-century Hungarian male writers
Hungarian short story writers
Hungarian translators
Writers from Austria-Hungary


Expresso is a 10-minute British comedy short film, produced by Martin Nigel Davey and Kevin Powis, and directed by Martin Nigel Davey. Consisting of eight micro-films involving the characters that frequent one table during one day in a British coffee house. Former ELO drummer Bev Bevan has a cameo in the movie as a customer.

Funded by the UK Film Council and ScreenWM, it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007, and later released on DVD to promote the World's Biggest Coffee Morning set up by Macmillan Cancer Support and raise money for the same charity.

Tagline
One day, one table, in a coffee shop...

Synopsis
Expresso is a series of eight micro-stories, that develop the viewer as they watch the visitors during one day, to one table in a typical UK coffee shop:
 "Autopilot" – a man taking breakfast with his wife (Don Warrington and Isabelle Warring), is more involved with his daily paper than the conversation that takes place around him, leading to an amusing crossing of wires.
 "The Liar" – a businessman (Vincent Franklin) who desperately wants to spend the afternoon with his plate of pastries, to the amazement of the waitress (Joanne McCallin), so resorts to blatant lies to achieve this.
 "Herbal Tea" – a couple (Guy Henry and Finty Williams) meet for coffee. But the lady who has opted for the healthy option, namely a "Herbal Tea", has her eyes on her partner's cream-topped drink.
 "Breakfast with DeNiro" – catch the conclusion of a typical lovers' tiff (Martin Nigel Davey and Ivania Elena)
 "Normal Coffee" – with echoes of Six Easy Pieces, sees a working man (Geoffrey Hughes) fighting the system in his own way to get his plain and simple drink against the advice of the pompous waiter (Lewis Harwood).
 "BUZZ" – a vicar with writer's block (Norman Wisdom) sits waiting for inspiration as he tries to write his next sermon, only to be targeted by a vicious vindictive fly.
 "Can I Help You?" – a young lady (Lucy Mans) is frustrated and struggling with a shrink-wrapped cake, when a man sitting opposite (Richard Ng) takes his chance to impress by offering to help open the wrapper. Things never work out how you expect!
 "End of the Day" – the last person to leave the café is an old lady who is obviously upset (Shirley Hall). The waiter has little sympathy, but the waitress takes the ultimate revenge.

Production
The film was an idea of producer and actor Martin Nigel Davey who described it as "Breakfast with DeNiro" set in a coffee shop. He also told Kevin Powis about several other ideas that could take place in this setting, after which the decision was made to give other people the chance to collaborate. They put out a call for stories and quickly received over 150 submissions from which they chose the eight best entries which Powis worked into a screenplay they could use to request funding. The appointed script advisor from UK Film Council liked the script and the duo was given a budget of £8,500. Screen West Midlands also supported the film.

After funding was secured, Nigel Davey contacted actors and while negotiations were ongoing Powis tailored the script to the individual actors. Filmed in Bromsgrove, the cinematographer was Simon Wyndham, with the entire production process taking a year. Post-production saw Powis edit for eight hours at a time each day to hit the required deadlines. Still photography was done by Darren Seymour.

Norman Wisdom
Norman Wisdom came out of retirement to participate in the film. Initially given a visual role so he wouldn't have to remember his lines, during filming he was alert and making people around him laugh, so Davey and Powis kept changing his performance to elicit more laughs. He recorded a message that was included on the DVD, in which he tells how much he enjoyed working on the film saying "every minute was worth an hour". The DVD also includes a foreword by Judi Dench. Wisdom's appearance in Expresso was officially his final acting role, as he died in a care home on the Isle of Man at the age of 95 on 4 October 2010.

External links
 Official Expresso Website

References

British short films
2007 films
2000s English-language films


Chavagnac may refer to the following:

People

 Henri-Louis de Chavagnac (166 –1743) was a French naval officer
 Michel-Joseph Gentil de Chavagnac (1770–1846), French chansonnier and playwright

Places in France

 Chavagnac, Cantal, a commune of the Cantal département
 Chavagnac, Dordogne, a commune of the Dordogne département


Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence (, literally Saint-Marcel near Valence; ) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

Geography
The commune of Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence borders the city of Valence, the prefecture of Drôme.

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


Singsås Station () is a railway station located in the village of Singsås in the municipality of Midtre Gauldal in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is located along the Rørosbanen railway line. The station is served three times daily in each direction by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail service between Røros and Trondheim. The service is operated by SJ Norge.

History
The station was opened in 1876, one year before the Rørosbanen railway line was completed.

References

Midtre Gauldal
Railway stations in Trøndelag
Railway stations on the Røros Line
Railway stations opened in 1876
1876 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1870s


Thomas Thursday (1894–1974) was a lesser-known pulp writer who had one of the longest careers writing for the pulp magazines. His first published short story, "A Stroke of Genius," appeared in Top-Notch (April 1, 1918). He submitted the story to them after finding an old issue in the subway. He used the penname "Thursday" after glancing at a calendar. His real name remains a mystery. He was still appearing in the pulps in the late 1950s, after which the magazine format all but disappeared from the newsstands.

Thursday was primarily a humorist, one of the few in the pulps. He appeared regularly in Top-Notch through the mid-1920s, then transitioned to Argosy. Many of his story titles featured wordplay, e.g. "Illiterature" (People's Favorite Magazine, April 10, 1919), "Young Mild West" (Argosy All-Story Weekly, February 28, 1925), "Of Lice and Men" (The Phantom Detective, September 1940). Many of his stories centered on circuses and sideshows. Thursday had worked for numerous circuses in his youth. Swindles and scams were a frequent theme.

People's Favorite Magazine

During the early Depression, his career seemed to peter out for a few years. Likely, with the increasing specialization in pulp magazines, the market for general humor became too narrow. Thursday resurfaced in the mid-1930s, adding a number of other specialties to his repertoire. He wrote humorous sports stories for the growing sports pulp field; straightforward detective stories; and articles for the true-crime magazine market. The true-crime stories all concerned Miami, Florida cases, where he had relocated (from New York) in the late-1920s. He was never one of the prolific fictioneers, so it's likely he wrote on the side.

Throughout his career, Thursday frequently published articles in writers' magazines like Writer's Digest and The Author & Journalist. Though always amusing, these how-to articles took on an increasingly bitter tone, as Thursday became more and more disgusted with the hardships of the writing business, especially the collapse of word-rates after the onset of the Depression. He reserved his most severe wrath for the pulp magazine editors, who he dubbed "idiotors."

Thursday published true-crime article into the late 1960s. He was a columnist for the Miami Police News until it folded in late 1967.

References

External links

1894 births
1974 deaths
Pulp fiction writers
20th-century American male writers


Patti Rutland is an American choreographer and the artistic director of Patti Rutland Jazz, a contemporary jazz dance and hip hop dance company based in Dothan, AL.

Career
Rutland studied under jazz dance pioneer Gus Giordano.  In 2005, she took the top prize Gold Shoe at Leo's Dancewear's Choreography Event at The Jazz Dance World Congress in Chicago, IL.  Her modern-day urban inspired jazz and hip hop piece A.M. was a competition favorite and Dance Magazine described the closing night performance as "volatile and full of almost uncontrollable energy."

Dancers who have trained with Patti Rutland have worked or are currently working with such professional dance companies as Thodos Dance Chicago and Giordano Jazz Dance Chicago.

She has choreographed, staged and/or conceptually designed over 100 works for the stage.

Awards
 Bronze Leo Award, Jazz Dance World Congress, 1998
 Gold Leo Award, Jazz Dance World Congress, 2005, Best Choreography

References

External links
Patti Rutland Jazz

Living people
American choreographers
People from Dothan, Alabama
Year of birth missing (living people)


Chavagnac (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Coteaux Périgourdins.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Mark Anthony Awere (born 16 July 1971) is a Ghanaian long jumper.

He won bronze medals at the 1998 African Championships and the 1999 All-Africa Games. He also competed at the 2000 Olympic Games.

His personal best jump is 8.04 metres, achieved in June 1999 in Bad Langensalza.

In 2003, Awere tested positive for doping in Mulhouse. He was banned for three months.

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Ghanaian male long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Ghana
Commonwealth Games competitors for Ghana
Doping cases in athletics
Ghanaian sportspeople in doping cases
African Games bronze medalists for Ghana
African Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 All-Africa Games
Place of birth missing (living people)


Fleurac may refer to the following places in France:

 Fleurac, Charente, a commune of the Charente département
 Fleurac, Dordogne, a commune of the Dordogne département


Occupational Safety and Health Professional (OSHP) Day recognizes the efforts and commitment of occupational safety, health and environmental professionals to protect people, property and the environment. The American Society of Safety Engineers’ Board of Directors approved the creation of Occupational Safety and Health Professional (OSHP) Day in March 2006 to be held in conjunction with North American Occupational Safety and Health Week (NAOSH). OSHP Day takes place on the Wednesday of NAOSH Week each year and is celebrated internationally.  OSHP Day 2012 took place on May 9, 2012.

Occupational safety and health professionals make sure that millions of workers who go to work each day return home safely. They help identify and reduce workplace hazards while reducing employer costs and maximizing the contributions of all workers. Safety professionals draw and apply standards from various disciplines including engineering, education, psychology, physiology, enforcement, hygiene, health, physics and management.  They use all appropriate tools, methods and techniques available to them in order to prevent accidents, illnesses, fires, explosions and other situations that are harmful to people, property and the environment.

OSHP Day recognizes the contributions of these professionals to the safety of workers and workplaces and aims to raise further awareness and pride in the profession.

In 2007, the United States Senate passed the NAOSH/OSHP Day resolution with the 110th Congress–1st Session–S.Res.193 designating May 9, 2007 as OSHP Day and May 6 – 12, 2007 as NAOSH Week.

The 2017 date for this observance is May 10.

External links
 ASSE Official Website
 ASSE Newsroom Web page
 ASSE NAOSH and OSHP Day Web page
 ASSE Foundation Official Website

Notes

International observances
May observances
Occupational safety and health


Fleurac (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Communes of Dordogne


Species360 (formerly International Species Information System or ISIS) founded in 1974, is an international non-profit organization that maintains an online database of wild animals under human care. As of 2023, the organization serves more than 1,300 zoos, aquariums and zoological associations on six continents and in 102 countries worldwide. The organization provides its members with zoological data collection and management software called ZIMS—the Zoological Information Management System.

ZIMS project was a large global collaboration with 600 people contributing under the leadership of Nate Flesness, Executive Director of Species360 (1979–2009), and Hassan Syed, CIO of Species360 (2003–2010). The ZIMS database contains information on 22,000 species, 10 million animals, and 82 million medical records. Members use the basic biologic information (age, sex, parentage, place of birth, circumstance of death, etc.) collected in the system to care for and manage their animal collections (including demographic and genetic management in many cases). It is also used for ex situ breeding programs and supporting conservation research and programs.

Since its foundation in 1973, the group has been a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) pursuing wild animal conservation goals. Species360 works in partnership with zoo associations around the world.

The organization has staff and representatives in Amsterdam and The Randstad (the Netherlands), Barcelona (Spain), Copenhagen and Odense (Denmark), Jerusalem (Israel), Bristol, London, and Paignton (UK), and across the United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Texas, Wisconsin, Washington) with headquarters in Minnesota (US).

Centralized database
Modern zoos and aquariums often are "gene banks" for endangered species. In some cases, species which have become extinct in the wild and have been bred in zoos are eventually returned to the wild. Examples include the black-footed ferret, California condor, Przewalski's horse, red wolf, Micronesian kingfisher (not yet reintroduced), and the Arabian oryx. Individual zoos generally do not have the space to maintain a viable species population (which for many mammals and birds requires 500+ animals in order to maintain sufficient genetic diversity), so maintaining genetic diversity requires coordination between many zoos. Scientific expertise on husbandry, nutrition, veterinary care and so on is spread throughout the zoos and aquaria of the world. Breeding and population management relies on accurate information about animals in all member institutions, especially pedigree history (parentage) and demography (births and deaths).

Species360 records are accepted by international regulatory bodies such as CITES.  Roughly three-quarters of Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) members in North America are members, and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) requires its members to join. The World Association of Zoos and Aquaria's (WAZA) Conservation Strategy Guidelines strongly recommend that all zoo and aquaria join and participate in data sharing via ZIMS.

Software
 ZIMS (Zoological Information Management System) for Husbandry:
A comprehensive information application designed to manage information about animal accessions and dispositions, animals wanted and available, behavioral observations, feed logs, and much more. ZIMS for Inventory and Husbandry also generates information needed for CITES and other permitting and governmental uses. It is designed for use by curators, registrars, keepers and other animal care staff.. The ZIMS application is the world's first and only real-time, unified global database for animals in zoos and aquariums.

 ZIMS for Medical:
A web-based record-keeping system that captures records about anesthesia, treatment, diagnostic testing, clinical observations and more. Powerful enough to replace any other third-party medical records application, it also identifies species-specific physiologic reference data and commonly used anesthesia drugs, dosages and potential risks for thousands of wildlife species. ZIMS for Medical is designed for use by veterinarians, vet techs, keepers, and other staff working with a veterinary team. Now featuring Sample Storage to help zoo, aquarium, and other wildlife veterinarians manage biological samples for animal care and species conservation.

 ZIMS for Studbooks:
A web-based record-keeping system used by studbook keepers at zoos, aquariums, and zoological associations to manage the genetics of small populations. The solution is a global, integrated, real-time studbook database that connects institutional and studbook records, making studbooks more robust and up-to-date, making the studbook keeper’s job easier, and improving species management.

 ZIMS for Aquatics:
A web-based record-keeping system that combines best-in-class enclosure and animal records management with data-driven insights to marine and freshwater species.

 ZIMS for Education:
is made available for licensing to educational organizations teaching animal husbandry, zoo, and aquarium science.  The educational version of ZIMS provides a teaching platform and practice database through which students can enter and manipulate their own data and access that of other educational institutions. LearnZIMS uses a fictitious dataset to teach application functionality and to demonstrate the types of data that are collected in the global database.

 Hortis by Species360
The only cloud-based plant collection software in the world, helping users keep track of their plant collection wherever they are, using a mobile, tablet, or PC. With its contemporary software design, Hortis allows all members of the institution to easily collaborate, share and engage with their plant collection data using garden maps, capturing photos, and analyzing their plant collection data.

 Conservation Science Alliance:
The Species360 Conservation Science Alliance works alongside international conservation, research, and academic institutions to answer questions critical to saving species using deep data reserves to drive conservation action. Developers of the first Species Knowledge Index (SKI) that maps available knowledge for the world's tetrapods.

Members
Regional association members include:
 American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK)
 American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV)
 Asociación Colombiana de Parques Zoológicos y Acuarios (ACOPAZOA)
 Asociación de Zoológicos Criaderos y Acuarios de México (AZCARM)
 Asociación Ecuatoriana de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AEZA)
 Asociación Latinoamericana de Parques Zoológicos y Acuarios (ALPZA)
 Asociación Mesoamericana y del Caribe de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AMAZOO)
 Associação Portuguesa de Zoos e Aquária (APZA)
 Asociación Venezolana de Parques Zoológicos y Acuarios (AVZA)
 Association of British and Irish WIld Animal Keepers (ABWAK)
 Association Française des Parcs Zoologiques (AFdPZ)
 Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA)
 Brazilian Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZAB)
 British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA)
 Canadian Accredited Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA)
 Central Zoo Authority of India (CZA)
 Danish Association for Zool Gardens and Aquaria (DAZA)
 Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos & Aquariums (EARAZA)
 European Association of Zoos & Aquaria (EAZA)
 Florida Association of Zoos and Aquariums (FAZA)
 Iberian Association of Zoos & Aquaria (AIZA)
 Israel Nature & Parks Authority (INPA)
 Israeli Zoo Association (IZA)
 Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA)
 Korean Association of Zoos and Aquariums (KAZA)
 Malaysian Association of Zoological Parks & Aquaria (MAZPA)
 Nederlandse Vereniging van Dierentuinen (NVD)
 Nigerian Association of Zoological Gardens and Wildlife Parks (NAZAP)
 Pan-African Association of Zoos and Aquaria
 Perhimpunan Kebun Binatang - Indonesian Zoo & Aquarium Association (PKBSI)
 Polish Association of Directors of Zoos & Aquaria (PZDA)
 Romanian Zoo & Aquarium Federation (RZAF)
 Russian Union of Zoos & Aquaria (RUZA)
 South-East Asia Zoos Association (SEAZA)
 Swedish Association of Zoos & Aquaria (SAZA)
 Taiwan Aquarium & Zoo Association (TAZA)
 Thai Zoological Park Organization Under The Royal Patronage of HM The King (ZPO)
 Ukrainian Association of Zoos & Aquariums (UAZA)
 Unione Italiana Giardini Zoologici e Acquari (UIZA)
 Verband der Zoologischen Gärten (VdZ) e.V.
 Vietnam Zoo and Aquarium Association (VZA)
 Wildlife Animal Rescue Network (WARN - ASIA)
 Wildlife Preservation Canada (WPC)
 World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA)
 Zoo Aquarium Association (ARAZPA Inc) (ZAA)
 Zoological Association of America (ZAA)
 Zooschweiz - Swiss Association of Scientific Zoos

History
In 1973, Ulysses Seal and Dale Makey proposed the International Species Information System (ISIS) as an international database to help zoos and aquariums accomplish long-term conservation management goals. It was founded in 1974 with an initial membership of 51 zoos in North America and Europe, and its membership has increased every year since. Grants and endorsements were provided by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV) and other zoological associations. The founders also raised development funding from private foundations and the United States Department of the Interior. For the first 30 years, the Minnesota Zoo hosted the program on their grounds.

Since 1989, the organisation has been incorporated as a non-profit entity under an international Board of Trustees elected by subscribing member institutions. In 2016, the organization was renamed as Species360, due to ISIS being an acronym for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, a terrorist organization.

See also
 List of zoo associations

References

External links

International environmental organizations
Zoology organizations


Zackary John Fitzgerald (born June 16, 1985) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He was most recently the head coach and director of hockey operations for the Glasgow Clan of the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).

He played major junior hockey for the Seattle Thunderbirds in the Western Hockey League WHL, where he was drafted by the St. Louis Blues in the third round, 88th overall, in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. Fitzgerald began his professional career in the Blues organization before he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks, ultimately playing his lone NHL game for the Canucks in 2007–08. He is mostly known as an enforcer. Fitzgerald was born in Two Harbors, Minnesota, but grew up in Duluth, Minnesota. He is the brother of Rusty Fitzgerald.

Playing career

Juniors
Fitzgerald played for the Seattle Thunderbirds in the Western Hockey League (WHL) where he became a physical presence and learned the art of fighting. He stated that "When I got into junior I didn't know anything about fighting and the doors just kind of opened to it. We had a pretty tough team and I always played physical when I was young so fighting just became a part of my game." Thanks to his willingness to drop the gloves, Fitzgerald led the Thunderbirds in penalty minutes twice during his four-year stay (he was second on the team in his other two years) and led the league with 244 penalty minutes for the 2004–05 season. Following the 2002–03 WHL season, which Fitzgerald finished fourth in the league with 232 PIMs in 64 games, the St. Louis Blues drafted Fitzgerald in the 3rd round number 88 overall.

Professional
Fitzgerald made his professional debut for the Peoria Rivermen in the American Hockey League (AHL) in 2005–06, however he split the season between Peoria and the Alaska Aces in the ECHL. He continued to play in both leagues the following season before he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks for Francois-Pierre Guenette in August 2007.

Thanks to a blue-line opening created by injuries and call-ups, Fitzgerald received more playing time with Vancouver's AHL affiliate the Manitoba Moose. The additional ice time allowed Fitzgerald to refine his game causing his then coach Scott Arniel to say "He's had an opportunity to play and play regularly and his game has been very good. He's been very responsible in our end of the rink, he's done a great job of making that first pass and you can see he has confidence because he's playing a lot. I think what he's trying to do is show people that he's more than just a fighter." Fitzgerald was also called up to the NHL during the 2007–08 season; he played one game for Vancouver against the Dallas Stars on February 5, 2008.

Following the 2008–09 season, Fitzgerald was not re-signed by the Canucks despite leading the Moose in PIMs, setting AHL career highs in assists and PIMs, being third on the team amongst defensemen at +13, and playing in 16 playoff games. On July 15, 2009 he signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Carolina Hurricanes. Fitzgerald attended Carolina's training camp but was assigned to their AHL affiliate the Albany River Rats. Fitzgerald set several career highs with the River Rats during the 2009–10 season including, games played (77), assists (12), points (14), and PIMs (311). His 311 PIMs lead the AHL. For the 2010–11 season Carolina changed AHL affiliates. As member of the Charlotte Checkers Fitzgerald recorded 8 assists and led the team with 229 PIMs, which also ranked him ninth in the league. After two seasons in the Hurricanes system Fitzgerald left via free agency and signed a one-year deal with the AHL's Hamilton Bulldogs.

Fitzgerald signed with the Adirondack Phantoms on July 3, 2012.

On July 14, 2014, Fitzergald signed abroad on a one-year deal for a player/coach role with the Braehead Clan of the EIHL in Scotland.

After one season he moved to the Sheffield Steelers, where he was named an assistant captain. He remained with the Steelers for three seasons before returning to the Clan (now known as the Glasgow Clan) for the 2018–19 season, where he captained the team.

On May 30, 2019, Fitzgerald was named head coach and director of hockey operations for the Glasgow Clan, retiring him as a player in the process – although he did appear sporadically as injury cover throughout the season.  He left his position at the end of the 2019-20 EIHL season.

Career statistics

See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL

References

External links

1985 births
Adirondack Phantoms players
Alaska Aces (ECHL) players
Albany River Rats players
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Braehead Clan players
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Glasgow Clan players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Ice hockey people from Duluth, Minnesota
Living people
Manitoba Moose players
People from Two Harbors, Minnesota
Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players
St. Louis Blues draft picks
Seattle Thunderbirds players
Sheffield Steelers players
Vancouver Canucks players
American expatriate ice hockey players in Scotland
American expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
American expatriate ice hockey players in England


Grèzes (; ) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Coteaux Périgourdins.

Population

See also
Communes of the Dordogne department

References

Former communes of Dordogne


Saint-Martin-d'Août () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department

References

Communes of Drôme


The Lake Erie AVA is an American Viticultural Area that includes  of land on the south shore of Lake Erie in the U.S. states of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. Over  of the region are planted in grapevines, predominantly in the Concord grape variety.

History
Grapes were first cultivated in the area during the early nineteenth century, and many wineries survived Prohibition in the twentieth century by legally selling grapes to home winemakers, marketing their products solely for religious purposes such as kosher wines (which continues to the present day), converting to grape juice production for local companies such as Welch's, or illegally selling wine to consumers in Canada.

The wine industry in the Lake Erie region did not thrive after the repeal of Prohibition, however, and by 1967 there were fewer than twenty commercial wineries in the area.

Recently, Lake Erie wineries have begun planting and vinifying Vitis vinifera varieties in an attempt to improve wine quality.

Geography
The region has a humid continental climate and is in hardiness zones 6a and 6b.

References

American Viticultural Areas
Ohio wine
New York (state) wine
Pennsylvania wine
1983 establishments in New York (state)
1983 establishments in Ohio
1983 establishments in Pennsylvania


The Kansas City Committee of 101 was founded by Jack Wheeler. The name was chosen because the membership was limited to 101 Kansas City Chiefs fans and cost $1,000 annually (equivalent to over $6,550 adjusted for inflation). The group began presenting its annual NFL awards in 1969, initially as NFL and AFL Awards. However, after the 1970 AFL-NFL merger, the awards have been given to the top AFC and NFC players and coaches. The "Committee of 101" refers to a national media committee consisting of 101 sportswriters and sportscasters who cover the NFL. They are responsible for voting on the top offensive player, defensive player, and coach in each of the National Football League conferences, rather than for the entire NFL.

The annual NFL 101 Awards is the nation's oldest awards event dedicated exclusively to professional football.

The awards are presented at an annual event held in Kansas City, Missouri, and all proceeds from the 101 Awards go to benefit the Kansas City Chiefs Charities.

Offensive Player of the Year awards

Defensive Player of the Year awards

NFC Defensive Player of the Year
1969—  Carl Eller, Minnesota Vikings
1970—  Alan Page, Minnesota Vikings
1971—  Alan Page, Minnesota Vikings
1972—  Chris Hanburger, Washington Redskins
1973—  Lee Roy Jordan, Dallas Cowboys
1974—  Alan Page, Minnesota Vikings
1975—  Jack Youngblood, Los Angeles Rams
1976—  Jack Youngblood, Los Angeles Rams
1977—  Harvey Martin, Dallas Cowboys
1978—  Randy White, Dallas Cowboys
1979— Lee Roy Selmon, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980—  Nolan Cromwell, Los Angeles Rams
1981— Fred Dean, San Francisco 49ers
1982— No award due to players strike
1983— Dave Butz, Washington Redskins
1984—  Lawrence Taylor, New York Giants
1985— Mike Singletary, Chicago Bears
1986 —Lawrence Taylor, New York Giants
1987— Reggie White, Philadelphia Eagles
1988— Mike Singletary, Chicago Bears
1989— Keith Millard, Minnesota Vikings
1990— Charles Haley, San Francisco 49ers
1991— Pat Swilling, New Orleans Saints
1992— Wilber Marshall, Washington Redskins
1993— Deion Sanders, Atlanta Falcons
1994— Deion Sanders, San Francisco 49ers
1995— Reggie White, Green Bay Packers
1996— Kevin Greene, Carolina Panthers
1997— Dana Stubblefield, San Francisco 49ers
1998— Reggie White, Green Bay Packers
1999— Warren Sapp, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2000— La'Roi Glover, New Orleans Saints
2001— Michael Strahan, New York Giants
2002— Derrick Brooks, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2003— Michael Strahan, New York Giants
2004— Julius Peppers, Carolina Panthers
2005— Brian Urlacher, Chicago Bears
2006— Brian Urlacher, Chicago Bears
2007— Patrick Kerney, Seattle Seahawks
2008— DeMarcus Ware, Dallas Cowboys
2009— Charles Woodson, Green Bay Packers
2010— Clay Matthews, Green Bay Packers
2011— Jared Allen, Minnesota Vikings
2012— Aldon Smith, San Francisco 49ers
2013— Luke Kuechly, Carolina Panthers
2014— Richard Sherman, Seattle Seahawks
2015— Aaron Donald, St. Louis Rams
2016— Landon Collins, New York Giants
2017— Aaron Donald, Los Angeles Rams
2018— Aaron Donald, Los Angeles Rams
2019— Chandler Jones, Arizona Cardinals
2020— Aaron Donald, Los Angeles Rams
2021— Micah Parsons, Dallas Cowboys
2022— Nick Bosa, San Francisco 49ers

AFC Defensive Player of the Year
1969— Bobby Bell, Kansas City Chiefs
1970— Mike Curtis, Baltimore Colts
1971— Willie Lanier, Kansas City Chiefs
1972— Joe Greene, Pittsburgh Steelers
1973— Dick Anderson, Miami Dolphins
1974— Joe Greene, Pittsburgh Steelers
1975— Mel Blount, Pittsburgh Steelers
1976— Jack Lambert, Pittsburgh Steelers
1977— Lyle Alzado, Denver Broncos
1978— Randy Gradishar, Denver Broncos
1979— Mike Reinfeldt, Houston Oilers
1980— Lester Hayes, Oakland Raiders
1981— Joe Klecko, New York Jets
1982— No award due to players strike
1983— Doug Betters, Miami Dolphins
1984— Kenny Easley, Seattle Seahawks
1985— Andre Tippett, New England Patriots
1986— Deron Cherry, Kansas City Chiefs
1987— Bruce Smith, Buffalo Bills
1988— Cornelius Bennett, Buffalo Bills
1989— Michael Dean Perry, Cleveland Browns
1990— Bruce Smith, Buffalo Bills
1991— Derrick Thomas, Kansas City Chiefs
1992— Cortez Kennedy, Seattle Seahawks
1993— Rod Woodson, Pittsburgh Steelers
1994— Greg Lloyd, Pittsburgh Steelers
1995— Bryce Paup, Buffalo Bills
1996— Bruce Smith, Buffalo Bills
1997— Carnell Lake, Pittsburgh Steelers
1998— Junior Seau, San Diego Chargers
1999— Jevon Kearse, Tennessee Titans
2000— Ray Lewis, Baltimore Ravens
2001— Ray Lewis, Baltimore Ravens
2002— Jason Taylor, Miami Dolphins
2003— Ray Lewis, Baltimore Ravens
2004— Ed Reed, Baltimore Ravens
2005— Dwight Freeney, Indianapolis Colts
2006— Jason Taylor, Miami Dolphins
2007— Bob Sanders, Indianapolis Colts
2008— James Harrison, Pittsburgh Steelers
2009— Darrelle Revis, New York Jets
2010— Troy Polamalu, Pittsburgh Steelers
2011— Terrell Suggs, Baltimore Ravens
2012— J. J. Watt, Houston Texans
2013— Robert Mathis, Indianapolis Colts
2014— J. J. Watt, Houston Texans
2015— J. J. Watt, Houston Texans
2016— Khalil Mack, Oakland Raiders
2017— Calais Campbell, Jacksonville Jaguars
2018— J. J. Watt, Houston Texans
2019— Stephon Gilmore, New England Patriots
2020— T. J. Watt, Pittsburgh Steelers
2021— T. J. Watt, Pittsburgh Steelers
2022— Chris Jones, Kansas City Chiefs

Coach of the Year awards
See: National Football League Coach of the Year Award#Kansas City Committee of 101 AFC/NFC Coach of the Year Awards

NFC Coach of the Year
1969—  Bud Grant, Minnesota Vikings
1970—  Dick Nolan, San Francisco 49ers
1971—  George Allen, Washington Redskins
1972—  Dan Devine, Green Bay Packers
1973—  Chuck Knox, Los Angeles Rams
1974—  Don Coryell, St. Louis Cardinals
1975—  Tom Landry, Dallas Cowboys
1976—  George Allen, Washington Redskins
1977—  Leeman Bennett, Atlanta Falcons
1978—  Dick Vermeil, Philadelphia Eagles
1979—  Dick Vermeil, Philadelphia Eagles
1980—  Leeman Bennett, Atlanta Falcons
1981—  Bill Walsh, San Francisco 49ers
1982—  No award due to players strike
1983—  Joe Gibbs, Washington Redskins
1984—  Bill Walsh, San Francisco 49ers
1985—  Mike Ditka, Chicago Bears
1986—  Bill Parcells, New York Giants
1987—  Jim Mora, New Orleans Saints
1988—  Mike Ditka, Chicago Bears
1989—  Lindy Infante, Green Bay Packers
1990—  George Seifert, San Francisco 49ers
1991—  Wayne Fontes, Detroit Lions
1992—  Mike Holmgren, Green Bay Packers
1993—  Dan Reeves, New York Giants
1994—  Dave Wannstedt, Chicago Bears
1995—  Ray Rhodes, Philadelphia Eagles
1996—  Dom Capers, Carolina Panthers
1997—  Jim Fassel, New York Giants
1998—  Dan Reeves, Atlanta Falcons
1999—  Dick Vermeil, St. Louis Rams
2000—  Jim Haslett, New Orleans Saints
2001—  Dick Jauron, Chicago Bears
2002—  Andy Reid, Philadelphia Eagles
2003—  Bill Parcells, Dallas Cowboys
2004—  Jim Mora, Jr., Atlanta Falcons
2005—  Lovie Smith, Chicago Bears
2006—  Sean Payton, New Orleans Saints
2007—  Mike McCarthy, Green Bay Packers
2008—  Mike Smith, Atlanta Falcons
2009—  Sean Payton, New Orleans Saints
2010—  Mike Smith, Atlanta Falcons
2011—  Jim Harbaugh, San Francisco 49ers
2012—  Pete Carroll, Seattle Seahawks
2013—  Ron Rivera, Carolina Panthers
2014—  Bruce Arians, Arizona Cardinals
2015—  Ron Rivera, Carolina Panthers
2016—  Jason Garrett, Dallas Cowboys
2017—  Sean McVay, Los Angeles Rams
2018—  Matt Nagy, Chicago Bears
2019—  Kyle Shanahan, San Francisco 49ers
2020—  Ron Rivera, Washington Football Team
2021—  Matt LaFleur, Green Bay Packers
2022—  Brian Daboll, New York Giants

AFC Coach of the Year
1969— Hank Stram, Kansas City Chiefs
1970— Paul Brown, Cincinnati Bengals
1971— Don Shula, Miami Dolphins
1972— Don Shula, Miami Dolphins
1973— John Ralston, Denver Broncos
1974— Sid Gillman, Houston Oilers
1975— Ted Marchibroda, Baltimore Colts
1976— Chuck Fairbanks, New England Patriots
1977— Red Miller, Denver Broncos
1978— Jack Patera, Seattle Seahawks
1979— Don Coryell, San Diego Chargers
1980— Chuck Knox, Buffalo Bills
1981— Forrest Gregg, Cincinnati Bengals
1982— No award due to players strike
1983— Chuck Knox, Seattle Seahawks
1984— Dan Reeves, Denver Broncos
1985— Raymond Berry, New England Patriots
1986— Marty Schottenheimer, Cleveland Browns
1987— Ron Meyer, Indianapolis Colts
1988— Marv Levy, Buffalo Bills
1989— Dan Reeves, Denver Broncos
1990— Art Shell, Los Angeles Raiders
1991— Dan Reeves, Denver Broncos
1992— Bobby Ross, San Diego Chargers
1993— Jack Pardee, Houston Oilers
1994— Bill Cowher, Pittsburgh Steelers
1995— Marty Schottenheimer, Kansas City Chiefs
1996— Mike Shanahan, Denver Broncos
1997— Marty Schottenheimer, Kansas City Chiefs
1998— Mike Shanahan, Denver Broncos
1999— Jim Mora, Indianapolis Colts
2000— Jon Gruden, Oakland Raiders
2001— Bill Belichick, New England Patriots
2002— Jeff Fisher, Tennessee Titans
2003— Bill Belichick, New England Patriots
2004— Marty Schottenheimer San Diego Chargers
2005— Tony Dungy, Indianapolis Colts
2006— Eric Mangini, New York Jets
2007— Bill Belichick, New England Patriots
2008— Tony Sparano, Miami Dolphins
2009— Marvin Lewis, Cincinnati Bengals
2010— Todd Haley, Kansas City Chiefs
2011— Gary Kubiak, Houston Texans
2012— Chuck Pagano and Bruce Arians, co-winners, Indianapolis Colts
2013— Andy Reid, Kansas City Chiefs
2014— Bill Belichick, New England Patriots
2015— Andy Reid, Kansas City Chiefs
2016— Jack Del Rio, Oakland Raiders
2017— Doug Marrone, Jacksonville Jaguars
2018— Frank Reich, Indianapolis Colts
2019— John Harbaugh, Baltimore Ravens
2020— Kevin Stefanski, Cleveland Browns
2021— Mike Vrabel, Tennessee Titans
2022— Doug Pederson, Jacksonville Jaguars

Lamar Hunt Award
2008—  Members of the "Foolish Club" (the group that founded the AFL; Lamar Hunt (Dallas Texans) and Bud Adams, Jr. (Houston Oilers), Harry Wismer (New York Titans), Bob Howsam (Denver Broncos), Barron Hilton (Los Angeles Chargers), Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. (Buffalo Bills), Billy Sullivan (Boston Patriots), and Chet Soda (Oakland Raiders).)
2009—  Tony Dungy
2010—  Monday Night Football
2011—  NFL Films
2012—  Roger Staubach
2013—  Don Shula
2014—  Len Dawson
2015—  Paul Tagliabue
2016—  Super Bowl I
2017—  Al Michaels
2018—  Peyton Manning
2019—  Super Bowls III and IV
2020—  Bart Starr
2021—  No award
2022—  No award
2023—  John Madden
Source

See also
Bert Bell Award
Maxwell Football Club
Touchdown Club of Columbus
DC Touchdown Club
National Football League Most Valuable Player Award
NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award
UPI AFL-AFC Player of the Year
UPI NFC Player of the Year

Footnotes

External links
2012 NFL 101 Award Winners Announced
Don Shula Selected as the 2013 Lamar Hunt Award Winner

National Football League trophies and awards
American football mass media
Sports organizations established in 1969
1969 establishments in Missouri
American journalism organizations


Vadim Bavikin (; born 4 October 1970) is a USSR-born Israeli javelin thrower.

He was originally a Soviet citizen, and went to a boarding school for talented athletes there.  He emigrated to Israel in 1990.

He finished tenth for Israel at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo. He later competed at the World Championships in 1993, 2001, 2003 and 2005. He competed as well for Israel at the 1992 Olympics  in Barcelona without reaching the final round.

In 1994, Bavikin tested positive for steroids in a blood test. He was banned for almost four years.

His personal best throw is 81.94 metres, achieved in June 2004 in Zaragoza, Spain. This is the Israeli record.

Achievements

Seasonal bests by year
1988 - 63.80
1989 - 69.70
1990 - 70.80
1991 - 81.56
1992 - 77.30
1993 - 78.48
1994 - 67.16
1998 - 76.45
1999 - 76.80
2000 - 80.48
2001 - 80.54
2002 - 81.68
2003 - 80.95
2004 - 81.94
2005 - 77.57
2006 - 77.13
2007 - 73.51

IAAF controversy
Vadim Bavikin emigrated to Israel in 1990. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) requires an emigrating citizen to live for three years in a new country before competing. However, the president of the Soviet track and field federation, Igor Ter-Ovanesyan, signed an agreement that allowed recent Soviet emigres to Israel to compete after just one year of residence.

The agreement enabled Israel to add three athletes — Igor Avrunin in the shot-put and discus, Vadim Bavikin in the javelin and Vladimir Ostrovskiy in the 20-kilometer walk  — to its team of Rogel Nachum (men's triple jump) and Orit Kolodni (women's 200 and 400 meters).

Thanks to this agreement Vadim Bavikin was able to participate at the 1991 World Championship in Tokyo and the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona.

See also
List of Israeli records in athletics
List of Maccabiah records in athletics

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Israeli male javelin throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Israel
Doping cases in athletics
Israeli sportspeople in doping cases
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet emigrants to Israel


Haltdalen Station () is a railway station located in the village of Haltdalen in the municipality of Holtålen in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is located on the Røros Line. The station is served three times daily in each direction by Trøndelag Commuter Rail between the town of Røros and the city of Trondheim. The service is operated by SJ Norge.

History
The station was opened on 16 January 1877, the same year that the Røros Line was completed.

References

Holtålen
Railway stations in Trøndelag
Railway stations on the Røros Line
Railway stations opened in 1877
1877 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1870s


Saint-Martin-en-Vercors (, literally Saint-Martin in Vercors; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Martin de Vercòrs) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References

Communes of Drôme


C# Open Source Managed Operating System (Cosmos) is a toolkit for building GUI and command-line based operating systems, written mostly in the programming language C# and small amounts of a high level assembly language named X#. Cosmos is a backronym, in that the acronym was chosen before the meaning. It is open-source software released under a BSD license.

, Cosmos encompasses an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler named IL2CPU to translate Common Intermediate Language (CIL) into native instructions. Cosmos compiles user-made programs and associated libraries using IL2CPU to create a bootable native executable that can be run with no support. The resulting output can be booted from a USB flash drive, CD-ROM, over a network via Preboot Execution Environment (PXE), or inside a virtual machine. Recent releases also allow deploying to certain x86 embedded devices over Universal Serial Bus (USB). While C# is the primary language used by developers (both on the backend and by end users of Cosmos), many CLI languages can be used, provided they compile to pure CIL without the use of Platform Invocation Services (P/Invokes). Cosmos is mainly intended for use with .NET.

Cosmos does not aim to become a full operating system, but rather a toolkit to allow other developers to simply and easily build their own operating systems using .NET. It also functions as an abstraction layer, hiding much of the inner workings of the hardware from the eventual developer.

Older versions of Cosmos were released in Milestones, with the last being Milestone 5 (released August 2010). More recently, the project switched to simply naming new releases after the latest commit number. Releases of Cosmos are divided into two types: the Userkit, and the Devkit. The Userkit is a pre-packaged release that is updated irregularly, as new and improved features are added. Userkits are generally considered stable, but do not include recent changes and may lack features. The Devkit refers to the source code of Cosmos and must be built manually. The Devkits are usually somewhat stable, but they may have some bugs. The Devkit can be acquired on GitHub and uses Git as the source control management. Most work on Cosmos is currently aimed at improving debugger functionality and Microsoft Visual Studio integration. Kernel work is focused on implementing file systems, memory management, and developing a reliable network interface. Limine serves as the project's bootloader - in older versions of the toolkit, GRUB was used instead.

Origin
The idea for Cosmos was created by Chad Hower and was initially co-developed by Hower and Matthijs ter Woord. Over time, Cosmos has been maintained and improved by many other individuals.

Developing with Cosmos
Cosmos has many facilities to improve the experience of developing operating systems with it, designed to make the process as fast and painless as possible, knowledge of the assembly language is not required to use Cosmos.

Visual Studio integration
A key feature of Cosmos, which separates it from other operating systems of its type, is its tight integration with Microsoft Visual Studio. Code can be written, compiled, debugged, and run entirely through Visual Studio, with only a few key presses. Cosmos no longer supports Visual Studio 2015, Visual Studio 2017, or Visual Studio 2019. Now it only supports Visual Studio 2022.

Debugging
Cosmos can be seamlessly debugged through Visual Studio when running over PXE or in a virtual machine. Many standard debugging features are present, such as breakpoints, tracing, and logging. Also, debugging can be done via serial cables, if running on physical hardware. When running in VMWare, Cosmos supports stepping and breakpoints, even while an operating system is running.

Running
Cosmos uses virtualisation to help speed development by allowing developers to test their operating systems without having to restart their computers as often. By default, VMware Player is used, due to its ease of use in terms of integration with the project. Other virtualisation environments are supported as well, such as Bochs and Hyper-V. An ISO disk image may also be generated that can be burned to a USB flash drive, CD-ROM, or similar media.

PXE booting is also supported, allowing for remote machines to run Cosmos over a network connection.

Compile process

IL2CPU
To compile .NET CIL into assembly language, Cosmos developers created an ahead-of-time compiler named IL2CPU, designed to parse CIL and output x86 opcodes. (IL To CPU) is an AOT compiler that is written using a Common Intermediate Language compliant language (C#). It translates Common Intermediate Language to machine code.

X#
X# is a low-level programming language developed for the x86 processor architecture as a part of Cosmos operating system to make operating system development easier. X# is designed to bring some of C-like language syntax to assembly language. In the beginning, X# was an aid for debugging services of Cosmos. The X# compiler is an open source command-line interface (console) program with an atypical architecture. It parses lines of code into tokens and compares them with patterns. Finally, matched X# code patterns are translated to intel syntax x86 assembly, usually for the YASM assembler. In first versions, X# operation was mostly 1:1 with assembly code, but hasn't been, which is the reason why the X# compiler was written.

Syntax
The syntax of X# is simple. Despite being similar to C, X# syntax differs and is stricter.

Comments
X# supports only one kind of comment, the C++-style single line comment, started with a double forward slash - //.

Constants
X# supports the definition of named constants which are declared outside of functions. Defining a numeric constant is similar to C++; for example: const i = 0. Referencing the constant elsewhere requires a # before the name; for example: - "#i".

 To define a string constant, single quotes ('') are used. To use a single quote in a string constant, it must be escaped by placing a backslash before it, as 'I\'m so happy'. X# strings are null terminated.
 Hexadecimal constants are prefixed with a dollar sign ($), followed by the constant. ($B8000).
 Decimal constants are not decorated but may not start with 0.
 Binary and octal constants aren't supported yet.

Labels
Labels in X# are mostly equivalent to labels in other assembly languages. The instruction to jump to a label uses the goto mnemonic, as opposed to the conventional jump or jmp mnemonic.

CodeLabel1:
    goto CodeLabel2:

Namespaces
X# program files must begin with a namespace directive. X# lacks a namespace hierarchy, so any directive will change the current namespace until it's changed again or the file ends. Variables or constants in different namespaces may have the same name as the namespace is prefixed to the member's name on assembly output. Namespaces cannot reference each other except through "cheats" using native-assembly-level operations.

namespace FIRST
// Everything variable or constant name will be prefixed with FIRST and an underscore. Hence the true full name of the below variable
// is FIRST_aVar.
var aVar

namespace SECOND
// It's not a problem to name another variable aVar. Its true name is SECOND_aVar.
var aVar

namespace FIRST
// This code is now back to the FIRST namespace until the file ends.

Functions
All X# executive code should be placed in functions defined by the 'function' keyword. Unlike C, X# does not support any formal parameter declaration in the header of the functions, so the conventional parentheses after the function name are omitted. Because line-fixed patterns are specified in syntax implemented in code parser, the opening curly bracket can't be placed on the next line, unlike in many other C-style languages.

function xSharpFunction {
    // function code
}

Because X# is a low-level language, there are no stack frames inserted, so by default, there should be the return EIP address on the top of the stack.
X# function calls do contain arguments enclosed in parentheses, unlike in function headers. Arguments passed to functions can be registers, addresses, or constants. These arguments are pushed onto the stack in reverse order. Note that the stack on x86 platforms cannot push or pop one-byte registers.

function xSharpFunction {
    EAX = $10
    anotherFunction(EAX);
    return
}

function anotherFunction {
    //function code
}

The return keyword returns execution to the return EIP address saved in the stack.

Arithmetic and bitwise operations
X# can work with three low-level data structures: the registers, the stack and the memory, on different ports. The registers are the base of all normal operations for X#. A register can be copied to another by writing DST = SRC as opposed to mov or load/store instructions. Registers can be incremented or decremented just as easily. Arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide) are written as dest op src where src is a constant, variable, or register, and dest is both an operand and the location where the result is stored.

Examples of assignment and arithmetic operations are shown below.

ESI = 12345              // assign 12345 to ESI
EDX = #constantForEDX    // assign #ConstantForEDX to EDX
EAX = EBX                // move EBX to EAX              => mov eax, ebx
EAX--                    // decrement EAX                => dec eax
EAX++                    // increment EAX                => inc eax
EAX + 2                  // add 2 to eax                 => add eax, 2
EAX - $80                // subtract 0x80 from eax       => sub eax, 0x80
BX * CX                  // multiply BX by CX            => mul cx      -- division, multiplication and modulo should preserve registers
CX / BX                  // divide CX by BX              => div bx
CX mod BX                // remainder of CX/BX to BX     => div bx

Register shifting and rolling is similar to C.

DX << 10  // shift left by 10 bits
CX >> 8   // shift right by 8 bits
EAX <~ 6  // rotate left by 6 bits
EAX ~> 4  // rotate right by 4 bits

Other bitwise operations are similar to arithmetic operations.

DL & $08     // perform bitwise AND on DL with 0x08 and store the result in DL
CX | 1       // set the lowest bit of CX to 1 (make it odd)
EAX = ~ECX   // perform bitwise NOT on ECX and store the result in EAX
EAX ^ EAX    // erase EAX by XORing it with itself

Stack
Stack manipulation in X# is performed using + and - prefixes, where + pushes a register, value, constant or all registers onto the stack and - pops a value to some register. All constants are pushed on stack as double words, unless stated otherwise (pushing single bytes is not supported).

+ESI                   // push esi
-EDI                   // pop into edi
+All                   // save all registers   => pushad
-All                   // load all registers   => popad
+$1badboo2             // push 0x1badboo2 on the stack
+$cafe as word         //          \/
+$babe as word         // push 0xcafebabe
+#VideoMemory          // push value of constant VideoMemory

Variables
Variables are defined within namespaces (as there are no stack frames, local variables aren't supported) using the var keyword. Arrays can be defined by adding the array's type and size on the end of the declaration. Variables and arrays are zeroed by default. To reference a variable's value, it must be prefixed with a dot. Prefixing that with an @ will reference the variable's address.

namespace XSharpVariables
var zeroVar                      // variable will be assigned zero
var myVar1 = $f000beef           // variable will be assigned 0xf000beef
var someString = 'Hello XSharp!' // variable will be assigned 'Hello XSharp!\0',
var buffer byte[1024]            // variable of size 1024 bytes will be assigned 1024 zero bytes
...
EAX = .myVar1                    // moves value of myVar1 (0xf000beef) to EAX
ESI = @.someString               // moves address of someString to ESI
CL = .someString                 // moves first character of someString ('H') to CL
.zeroVar = EAX                   // assigns zeroVar to value of EAX

X# can access an address with a specified offset using square brackets:

var someString = 'Hello XSharp!' //variable will be assigned to 'Hello XSharp!\0'
...
ESI = @.someString       // load address of someString to ESI
CL = 'B'                 // set CL to 'B' (rewrite 'H' on the start)
CH = ESI[1]              // move second character ('E') from string to CH
ESI[4] = $00             // end string
//Value of someString will be 'Bell' (or 'Bell\0 XSharp!\0')

Comparison
There are two ways of comparing values: pure comparison and if-comparison.
Pure comparison leaves the result in FLAGS so it can be used in native assembly or using the if keyword without specifying comparison members.
If comparison compares two members directly after an if keyword.
Here are two ways of writing a (slow) X# string length (strlen)function:

// Method 1: using pure comparison
function strlen {
    ESI = ESP[4] // get pointer to string passed as first argument
    ECX ^ ECX    // clear ECX
Loop:
    AL = ESI[ECX]// get next character
    AL ?= 0      // is it 0? save to FLAGS
    if = return  // if ZF is set, return
    ECX++        // else increment ECX
    goto Loop    // loop...

//Way 2: using if
function strlen {
    ESI = ESP[4]    // get pointer to string passed as first argument
    ECX ^ ECX       // clear ECX
Loop:
    AL = ESI[ECX]
    if AL = 0 return// AL = 0? return
    ECX++
    goto Loop       // loop....
}

There are six available comparison operators: < > = <= >= !=. These operators can be used in both comparisons and loops. Note that there's also a bitwise AND operator which tests bits:

AL ?& $80      // test AL MSB
if = return    // if ZF is 0, test instruction resulted in 0 and MSB is not set.

Writing Cosmos code
An operating system built with Cosmos is developed in a similar fashion to any .NET C# console program. Additional references are made in the start of the program which give access to the Cosmos libraries.

User Kit and Visual Studio
The Cosmos User Kit is a part of Cosmos designed to make Cosmos easier to use for developers using Microsoft Visual Studio. When installed, the user kit adds a new project type to Visual Studio, called a Cosmos Project. This is a modified version of a console application, with the Cosmos compiler and bootup stub code already added.

Compiling a project
Once the code is complete, it may be compiled using Roslyn, the .NET compiler, either via Microsoft Visual Studio or the .NET command-line tools (dotnet).

This converts the application from the original source code (C# or otherwise) into Common Intermediate Language (CIL), the native intermediate language of .NET.

The build process then invokes the IL2CPU compiler which systematically scans through all of the applications CIL code (excluding the Cosmos compiler code), converting it into assembly language for the selected processor architecture. , only the x86 architecture is supported. Next, Cosmos invokes the selected assembler to convert this assembly language code into native central processing unit (CPU) opcode. Finally, the desired output option is activated, be this starting a virtual machine, starting a PXE engine, or producing an ISO disk image file.

Debug options
Cosmos offers several options as to how to deploy the resulting OS and how to debug the output.

Virtualization

Cosmos allows users to boot the operating system in an emulated environment using a virtual machine. This lets developers test the system on their own computer without having to reboot, giving the advantages of not requiring extra hardware or that developers exit their integrated development environment (IDE). VMware is the primary virtualisation method, however others are supported such as QEMU and Hyper-V.

Disk images
This option writes the operating system to a disk image (ISO image) file, which can be loaded into some emulators (such as Bochs, QEMU or more commonly VMware) or written to a USB flash drive and booted on physical hardware.

PXE network boot
This option allows the operating system to boot on physical hardware. The data is sent via a local area network (LAN) to the client machine. This requires two computers: one as the client machine (on which the OS is booted) and one as the server (usually the development machine). It also requires a network connecting the two computers, a client machine with a network card, and a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) that can PXE boot. , debugging over a network is unsupported.

See also

 IL2CPU
 .NET
 SharpOS
 Singularity (operating system)
 Phantom OS

References

External links

 Cosmos Overview article at CodeProject
 Cosmos Dev Yahoo Group
 Cosmos Fan Page on Facebook

News coverage
 Mary Jo Foley on ZDNet - Cosmos: An open-source .Net-based microkernel OS is born
 Scott Hanselman: Tiny Managed Operating System Edition

Embedded operating systems
Operating system kernels
Free software operating systems
Beta software
X86 operating systems
.NET
Software using the BSD license


Saint-Martin-le-Colonel () is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Drôme department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors

References

Communes of Drôme