Chris Kline is an American artist/musician best known as "Vertexguy" or the "Vertex Guy".  His artwork and music is present in several video games spanning more than a dozen titles across several console and PC platforms. His guitar renditions of classic video game songs have also been performed live at award shows and in concert with Video Games Live.

Biography
Chris Kline's musical influences started from his parents, David and Mary Ellen Kline, who first met in a rock and roll band. David Kline was a drummer and encouraged his son to pick up the drums around the age of 5. Kline stuck with the drums through high school, but also tried out a few other instruments along the way, such as the violin and the guitar. In middle school, Kline joined band and quickly excelled to first chair drummer. He performed in competition Jazz band and performed drum solos at band concerts in front of the entire school.

Around this time, Kline also became interested in learning the guitar. He started out on his father's old acoustic guitar trying to play songs like "Enter Sandman" and "The Unforgiven" made popular by Metallica. Soon after this, he got his first electric guitar. Kline was largely influenced by heavy metal, rock and progressive rock bands of the 1980s and had a hard time finding any instructors interested in the same genres. He started by taking a few lessons here and there, but ended up quitting and teaching himself along the way. During this time, he developed his musical ear to a very high level enabling him to pick up new songs very quickly.

Around this time, he also was heavily influenced by the video game industry and took a strong liking to the Nintendo Entertainment System. He had a passion for art and music and had been conjuring up his own game designs since the NES made its first United States debut in 1985. With the help of AOL, he went online and began searching for other like-minded individuals wanting to try to make their own video game. In the process, he formed the company known as "Nuke Ware". He pursued a few different game designs under this company, and with the help of DarkSoft Entertainment, successfully co-published his first title, Empires: Quest for Power on the Excalibur BBS.

Not long after this, Kline graduated from Yankton High School and went off to college. He applied and was accepted into the Art Institute of Phoenix. He began pursuing the nation's first Bachelor of Arts in Game Art & Design. In college, Kline excelled in all subjects and made the Deans Honor Roll.

During his early college years, Kline joined his first official band, "Universal Tongue". Kline toured the local bar scenes with them performing lead / rhythm guitar on original and popular cover songs. Kline's involvement with the band lasted about a year. Shortly after Kline left, the band began falling apart and is now non existent.

Towards the final year of college, Kline realized he would need to create a website for his online portfolio. He wanted the address to be memorable and make sense with the type of work he did. Since 3D art is made up of vertices at its core level, and this is what he spends his time manipulating every day, Kline thought it would be catchy to call himself "VertexGuy". Kline usually lumps the two words together to match his website address (www.vertexguy.com), but can often be found referenced as "the vertex guy", "vertex guy", "vertex" or "vert". He prefers treating the title as one word because it is unique enough to make him instantly easy to find in any search engine.

After graduating from college in 2002, Kline moved to Prescott, Arizona to be with his girlfriend, Trina Noelle Cowin, who would soon become his wife. During this time, Kline worked on his art portfolio and began applying to game studios across the United States. Knowing he needed a job to get married, Kline jumped on the first major opportunity that came his way. This came in the form of a job offer from FarSight Studios.

During his time at FarSight Studios, Kline quickly adapted and assumed a natural leadership role, taking on a great deal of responsibility. In addition to creating artwork for all the games the studio worked on, he also became the studio's Audio Director. He created all the sound effects for the studio's game line up and also wrote a few music scores.

In 2005, Kline joined www.MusicianWar.com and began posting original compositions in friendly music competition. This site features categories to compete in and the one that caught Kline's attention the most was "Video Game Themes". Though this did not seem to be a very popular category, Kline began posting guitar renditions of various classic video game themes. Shortly after, he decided to take one of the game themes he covered (John Petrucci’s Necronomicon: Epiloque) and post it on YouTube. Not long after, he followed it up with his remake of the original level 1 music from the NES title, Contra. This release proved to be a huge hit and spawned much media attention from various gaming sites. Since then, he has been interviewed and discussed on several major gaming sites, including Kotaku and Destructoid.

On June 28, 2006, Kline's rendition of the Duke Nukem theme, titled "Duke Nukem Jam", was presented on 3D Realms' front page (www.3dRealms.com). This helped expose Kline to new listeners, who immediately became die hard fans of his work. Since then, his video on YouTube has had more than a million views, in addition to millions of total views spanning across all his videos.  Chris was later contracted by 3D Realms and Apogee for use of his Duke Nukem Jam in their promotional trailer videos created for Duke Nukem 3d on Xbox Live and the Duke Nukem Trilogy trailer for PSP.

After Contra made its popular debut across the web, a fellow MySpace user named "Stretch" contacted Kline and suggested that he contact Tommy Tallarico and Jack Wall from Video Games Live to see if they might be interested in doing something together. Kline took him up on this advice and soon after was invited to perform with Video Games Live at the Game Developers Conference in 2007. He also performed at the Game Audio Network Guild (G.A.N.G.) Awards show during the conference. Since then, Kline has performed with Video Games Live at the E4All Expo in 2007, and in Loveland, CO in 2009.

Games contributed to
 PAIN (PS3, PSN)
 Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (PS2, PS3, Xbox 360, Wii)
 Bionic Commando: (PS3, Xbox 360, Windows)
 Backyard Baseball 2009: (PS2, Windows, Wii)
 Game Party: (Wii)
 Backyard Football 2008: (PS2, Windows, Wii)
 The Williams Collection (PS2, PSP, Wii)
 Scarface: Money, Power, Respect: (PSP)
 Hard Rock Casino: (PS2, PSP)
 Skateboarder: (stand alone game console unit)
 Gottlieb's Pinball Classics: (PSP)
 Golden Tee Home Edition: (stand alone game console unit)
 Real Swing Golf: (stand alone game console unit)
 Pinball Hall of Fame: The Gottlieb Collection: (PS2, Xbox, GameCube)
 Empires: Quest for Power (Excalibur BBS)

Music Discography
 Video Games Live – Level 3
 Video Games Live – Level 2 (received IGN's Editors Choice Honor for 2010 and made the top 10 billboard charts)
 Video Games Live – Volume 1 (received IGN's Best Videogame Soundtrack Award for 2008 and made the top 10 billboard charts)
 Pinball Hall of Fame - The Gottlieb Collection
 Pinball Hall of Fame - The Williams Collection
 Bionic Commando (2008)

Video Games Live
Kline has been involved in the creation of several productions with Video Games Live.

 Guitar Hero: Foo Fighters – The Pretender  May 23, 2011 Created the Rhythm Guitar parts.
 Portal: Still Alive  September 28, 2010 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Street Fighter II Medley September 24, 2010 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar, Bass Guitar, and Drum Kit parts.
 Guitar Hero: Aerosmith – Sweet Emotion  March 25, 2010 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Guitar Hero: Van Halen – Jump March 6, 2010 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Silent Hill 2: Theme of Laura September 10, 2009 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar, Bass Guitar, and Drum Kit parts.
 Halo Suite January 16, 2008 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Sonic The Hedgehog – Green Hill Zone Zone December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Tron  December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Outrun  December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Super Mario Bros.  December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Valve Theme December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Halo 3 – Finish the Fight December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Classic Arcade Medley December 3, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar parts.
 Final Fantasy VII – One Winged Angel February 23, 2007 Created the Rhythm / Lead Guitar, Bass Guitar, and Drum Kit parts.

References

External links

American artists
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Internet memes
Living people
Video game artists
Video game composers
21st-century American male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


Epipactis gigantea is a species of orchid known as the stream orchid, giant helleborine, and chatterbox. This wildflower is native to western North America from British Columbia to central Mexico. This is one of the most abundant orchids of the Pacific coast of North America.

Description
Epipactis gigantea is an erect perennial reaching anywhere from 30 centimeters to one meter in height. Its stems have prominently-veined, wide or narrow lance-shaped leaves 5 to 15 centimeters long and inflorescences of two or three showy orchids near the top. Each flower has three straight sepals which are light brownish or greenish with darker veining, each one to two centimeters long. The two top petals are similar in shape and reddish-brown with purple veins. The lowest petal is cup-shaped with a pointed, tongue-like protuberance and is brighter red-brown and more starkly veined, often with areas of yellow. The fruit is a hanging capsule 2 or 3 centimeters long which contains thousands of tiny seeds. This plant grows in wet areas in a variety of habitats, including riverbanks, hot springs, and meadows at elevations between 2800 and 8000 feet. Unlike some of its relatives, this species is an autotroph. A distinctive race with burgundy colored foliage is known from The Cedars in Sonoma County California, an area of serpentine rock, and it is called forma rubrifolia (P M Brown).

Cultivation
Epipactis gigantea is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as a non-wild collected propagated ornamental plant. A maroon-leaved (forma rubrifolia) cultivar is also grown, called 'Serpentine Night'.

References

 C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.  Epipactis gigantea - Encyclopedia of Life
Jepson Manual Treatment - Epipactis gigantea

External links
Las Pilitas Nursery, Epipactis gigantea, Stream Orchid and Giant helleborine
Ecology: Epipactis gigantea
Epipactis gigantea - Photo gallery
Washington Native Orchid Society, Epipactis gigantea or Stream Orchid
Colorado State University, Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook. (stream orchid): A Technical Conservation Assessment
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas @ Austin, Epipactis gigantea
Rare Plants United Kingdom, Epipactis gigantea
Dave's Garden, PlantFiles: Species Orchid, Giant Helleborine, Giant Stream Orchid, Epipactis, Epipactis gigantea
Southwestern Colorado Wildflowers, Epipactis gigantea
E-flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia

gigantea
Orchids of Canada
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of the United States
Flora of the Western United States
Flora of Western Canada
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora of California
Flora of the California desert regions
Garden plants of North America
Plants described in 1839
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Airas Nunes (c. 1230 – 1293) was a Galician cleric and troubador of the 13th century. He served under a bishop and much later, between 1284 and 1289, was a poet in the court of Sancho IV of Castille.

His songs are written in medieval Galician-Portuguese. Fourteen of his compositions are known, of which 6 are love songs (Cantigas de Amor), 3 songs of the friend (Cantigas de Amigo), 4 satires, and a pastoral song. At times quotations from other authors, such as King Denis of Portugal, King Alfonso X of Castile, João Zorro and Nuno Fernandes Torneol, are found in his work.

It is thought that he may have collaborated in the composition of the Cantigas de Santa Maria of Alfonso X the Wise.

References
 Airas Nunes, in Cantigas Medievais Galego-Portuguesas

13th-century Galician-Portuguese troubadours
Year of birth uncertain
1293 deaths


The Lincoln by-election of 1 March 1973 saw the re-election of Dick Taverne as Member of Parliament for Lincoln as a Democratic Labour representative, after Taverne's pro-Common Market views saw him repudiated by the Lincoln Constituency Labour Party. The by-election led to considerable speculation, stoked by Taverne, about the formation of a new centre party, but Taverne was unable to make his victory last.

Background

Dick Taverne had first been elected in Lincoln at a previous by-election in 1962. His selection then had been controversial as the shortlist had been restricted to three supporters of Hugh Gaitskell in order to stop a left-wing candidate winning; a group of left-wingers led by Leo Beckett had walked out of the selection declaring that the three were "all of a kind". The left-wing faction soon gained ground in the local party although no moves were made against Taverne.

When the Labour Party went into opposition after 1970, tension between the Member of Parliament and his local party soon grew. In January 1971 Taverne threatened to denounce Don Gossop, district secretary of the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, if Gossop called for strike action against the Industrial Relations Bill.

European issue
On 5 July 1971 a committee of the local party voted to send to the annual Labour Party conference a motion highly critical of the application to join the European Communities which called upon all Labour MPs to oppose. At the conference, Leo Beckett called for a "vote of no-confidence against Mr Taverne if he votes in the Tory lobby"; however, less than a month later Taverne broke the Labour Party whip to vote in favour of accepting the terms and joining the European Common Market.

Moves to deselect Taverne
Attention was drawn to the escalating row by Granada Television's World in Action which broadcast a programme on 25 October showing Taverne being confronted by his opponents; Leo Beckett and Don Gossop were said to have "emerged with badly scarred reputations". However, at a special meeting of the General Management Committee of the local party on 16 November a motion expressing lack of confidence in Taverne was narrowly passed. Taverne was briefly saved on 6 December when the motion (which had to be passed by two successive meetings) saw a tied vote and the party executive's motion to not take any further action was approved.

Through 1972 the left gained further ground in the local party and in June they made another move. Taverne organised an opinion poll in the Lincoln constituency which found that 71% said he was right to have voted in accordance with his own views rather than those of his local party, and 79% approved of him as their MP. However, the poll failed to persuade the local party, and at a meeting on 19 June Taverne was "asked to retire" by a vote of 75 to 50. Taverne insisted that he would appeal to the Labour Party's National Executive Committee.

Announcement of resignation
On 6 October Taverne announced his intention to resign his seat and to stand in the resulting by-election as a "Democratic Labour" candidate. He was immediately backed by a poll commissioned by London Weekend Television which found 49% of Lincoln voters were most likely to vote for him, 16% for the Conservative Party, 14% for the official Labour Party candidate, with 2% for others and 19% undecided.

Taverne's appointment as Steward of the Manor of Northstead did not take effect until 16 October. As he had been a Labour Party MP, the timing of the by-election was up to the Labour Party Chief Whip, Bob Mellish, who declared his preference to wait until the new year. Taverne appealed for a polling day before Christmas. Liberal Party chief whip David Steel considered intervening to 'move the writ' for the by-election, which provoked Mellish to threaten "open warfare".

Candidates
After Taverne himself, the first candidate to declare was Reg Simmerson, chairman of "Democratic Conservatives Against the Common Market", who said that as Labour voters would have the choice of pro- and anti-EEC candidates, Conservative voters should have the same choice.

Lincoln Labour Party shortlisted six candidates as part of the selection of official candidate. They were David Winnick, who had been MP for Croydon South, Gerald McNamara, brother of Hull North MP Kevin McNamara, journalist Max Madden, lecturer Joshua Bamfield, engineer Robert Dixey, and John Dilks, who was leader of Derby Borough Council and a management executive with the Derby Cooperative Society. The selection eventually went to Dilks.

The Conservatives considered three candidates: Desmond Fennell, a Lincoln-born barrister, Robert V. Jackson, a journalist, and merchant banker Hon. Jonathan Guinness who was chairman of the Monday Club on the party's right-wing. Guinness eventually won the selection, which helped the party neutralise the effect of Simmerson's candidature but caused difficulties. It was claimed in The Spectator that the local party regarded Guinness as tiresome and put little effort into campaigning, reasoning that a Taverne win would cause problems for the Labour Party, although doubt was cast on whether this was an accurate impression.

There was a dispute within the Liberal Party over whether to stand. Senior members of the party sympathised with Taverne and wanted the party to withdraw in his favour. Peter Hain, chairman of the Young Liberals, demanded a Liberal candidate stand in opposition to Taverne "who stands on the right of the Labour Party and whose record shows no signs of radicalism". The party eventually decided not to fight, but its success at the Sutton and Cheam by-election in December 1972 led to increased pressure to stand. Eventually the local party's decision not to fight was endorsed.

The candidates list was rounded off with two minor candidates, Jean Justice and Malcolm Waller. Justice, son of a Belgian diplomat and a London property consultant, was chairman of the A6 Murder Committee. The committee's aim was to prove the innocence of James Hanratty who had been hanged in 1962 for the murder of Michael Gregsten. In the mid-1960s, Taverne had served as a Home Office Minister and rejected a plea for a public inquiry into the case. Malcolm Waller formed the "Majority Rule Party" which argued that "the will of the majority of the people shall prevail, even when it conflicts with the will of members of Parliament". A Mr James Blackwell from Cheshire also telephoned the Returning Officer to ask for nomination papers but did not arrive.

Campaign
The writ for the by-election was issued on 9 February, with polling on 1 March; two other writs for by-elections in Labour-held constituencies were moved simultaneously. The Labour Party pulled in a large number of senior shadow cabinet members to speak in support of John Dilks, described by The Times as "probably unequalled in any byelection". Taverne, by contrast, organised only one meeting at which others spoke in his support, to which he invited the Bishop of Southwark Mervyn Stockwood and newspaper columnist Bernard Levin.

Dilks insisted that he would campaign on issues like inflation, the future of Lincoln, and the EEC, and predicted Taverne would come third. Guinness' campaign was marked by his maverick public statements, and he had to be "protected" by planted questions at a public meeting. He came to be treated as a joke figure by the media, being much quoted when he said that convicted murderers should be given razor blades in order that they could "do the decent thing" and save the state the cost of keeping them in jail.

The campaign saw extensive coverage in the press and on broadcast media. On 22 February, The Daily Telegraph reported the results of an opinion poll which showed Taverne had a lead of only 2% over the official Labour candidate, well within the margin of error. However, two opinion polls published on the day of the byelection found Taverne had a substantial lead. Taverne also benefited from strong support from the Lincoln Weekend Chronicle, while the Lincolnshire Echo reported neutrally and did not make an endorsement.

Results
After such a highly publicised campaign, voter turnout was almost up to that in the previous general election. When the result was announced in the early hours of 2 March, it was clear Taverne had been vindicated:

This was the first time that someone other than a Conservative, Labour or Liberal candidate managed to win an English post-war by-election.

Aftermath
Taverne's majority was generally regarded as a shock, and was said to have shocked Taverne himself. In September 1973, he announced the formation of the Campaign for Social Democracy "to play a truly democratic role in changing the course of British politics". In the snap general election the following February, the Campaign managed to nominate five candidates, specifically targeting Labour left-wingers; they hoped that the Liberal Party would not stand, but this was in vain and the candidates performed poorly. Taverne himself only narrowly retained Lincoln in a close three-way result, and in the October 1974 election the seat was gained by Margaret Jackson (later known as Margaret Beckett) for the Labour Party.

References

1973 in England
Elections in Lincoln, England
1973 elections in the United Kingdom
March 1973 events in the United Kingdom
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Lincolnshire constituencies


The Joint Regional Information Exchange System (JRIES) began in December 2002 as an all-source intelligence / information sharing system, designed initially as a grassroots pilot system to connect the California Anti-Terrorism Information Center, the New York Police Department, and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

Purpose
These groups designed JRIES, which was first deployed in February 2003, to facilitate the exchange of suspicious activity reports, register events potentially related to terrorist activity, and foster real-time intelligence and law enforcement collaboration in a secure environment across federal, state, and local jurisdictions. JRIES used a commercial, off-the-shelf software collaboration tool application to enable multiple groups to share the information securely. A JRIES executive board, composed of representatives from the participating groups, provided guidance and structure to help manage the system. JRIES proved useful during the northeast blackout in 2003 when information posted on the system allowed users across the country to quickly learn that the event was not related to terrorism. The system provided a very simple and efficient way for the law enforcement community to obtain situational awareness concurrently, without the need for hundreds of phone calls.

Transfer to DHS
Although DIA originally operated and maintained JRIES, DIA transferred program management of the system to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in September 2003, due to funding constraints. DIA was concerned that managing JRIES to support domestic intelligence activities conflicted with its military intelligence role. As of February 2004, approximately 100 organizations–with more than 1,000 law enforcement and intelligence analysts from federal, state, and local government agencies—were using JRIES.

Expansion
After acquiring JRIES, DHS recognized that the system's utility could be expanded beyond its existing counter-terrorism intelligence and threat awareness mission because JRIES met DHS' requirements for senior executive communications, crisis planning and management, and coordination and communications with first responder, emergency management, and military organizations. As such, in February 2004, DHS announced the expansion of JRIES as its primary communication, collaboration, situational awareness, and information-sharing system. The DHS Secretary renamed JRIES as the Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) in order to reflect the system's broader scope. By December 2004, DHS had deployed HSIN to all 50 states, 53 major urban areas, five U.S. territories, the District of Columbia, and several international partners. DHS extended HSIN access beyond the law enforcement community to include state homeland security advisors, governors' offices, emergency managers, first responders, the National Guard, and an international component. DHS equipped each location with two laptops installed with the commercial, off-the-shelf software collaboration tool application.

Web-based portals
In February 2004, because of the lack of scalability to accommodate a large increase in users, DHS decided to move HSIN away from the current software collaboration tool and to develop a series of web-based portals as replacements. Nonetheless, DHS continues to operate both the commercial software collaboration tool application and a portal to support the law enforcement community.

State and local initiatives
DHS has expanded the role of HSIN through a state and local initiative. The goals of this initiative are to identify and address requirements of state and local communities of interest, as well as to provide robust training to promote effective use of the network. As of January 2006, eight states had deployed HSIN throughout their respective departments and agencies. Declaring HSIN the primary system for operational information sharing and collaboration, the DHS Secretary asked that the department's senior managers as well as headquarters and field personnel support the ongoing growth and utilization of HSIN.

See also
 Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange
 Regional Information Sharing Systems

Sources
 Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General: Homeland Security Information Network Could Support Information Sharing More Effectively. OIG-06-38, June 2006 https://fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/hsin0606.pdf
 "JRIES Homeland Security Network Falls Victim to Policy Dispute"
By Alice Lipowicz, Contributing Staff Writer: GCN.com https://web.archive.org/web/20080408024104/http://www.gcn.com/online/vol1_no1/37223-1.html
 Homeland Security Information Network to Expand Collaboration, Connectivity for States and Major Cities. Press Release, Date 02/24/04. https://web.archive.org/web/20080110025149/https://www.dhs.gov/xnews/speeches/press_release_0355.shtm

Information systems


Basadingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

In 1999 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Schlattingen to form a new and larger municipality Basadingen-Schlattingen.

History

It was first recorded in year 761 as Pasnandingas.  However, earlier evidence of settlements includes, finds from the Neolithic period (e.g. on the Buchberg and Dickihof), and a Roman villa with graves in Unterschlatt.  In the Early Middle Ages the monasteries of St. Gallen, Rheinau, Reichenau and Allerheiligen owned land in Basadingen.  In 1260 the monastery of St. Katharinental bought Reichenau's Kehlhof (a farm owned by a monastery).  By 1330 St. Katharinental had acquired many possessions in the village, as well as the low courts right and tithe rights.  It became the sole landholder in the village.  The high court rights were owned by the bailiwick of  Diessenhofen by about 1300.  In 1460 the high court transferred to the city of Diessenhofen, which also had the rights to the low court from 1527 until 1798.

During the High Middle Ages the village belonged partly to the parish of Stammheim (today Oberstammheim and Unterstammheim) and partly to the Basadingen parish, which was formed in the 13th Century when St. Martin's Church was built.  In 1264, the church was brought under the authority of the monastery of St. Katharinental.  After the Protestant Reformation in 1529, the parish of Basadingen and the Basadingen portion of the Stammeheim parish, were merged into a new Basadingen parish, which also included the village of Willisdorf.  In 1631 a Catholic parish was established, and St. Martin's Church became a shared church, a condition that remains even today.  In 1845 the existing church was dedicated.

During the Middle Ages, the number of farms decreased from 40 in 1328 to only 16 in 1433, only to double again from 1470 to 1550.  After that village population, land use and number of farms remained stable until 1800.  In 1800, the number of farms rose sharply.  Large forests also favored the expansion of the woodworking industry.  In 1900 an embroidery factory and a brickyard offered some jobs, but the village retained a strong farming village character until around 1970.  Since then agricultural amelioration (mostly, relocation of fruit orchards) and a strong population growth has led to changes in the appearance and character of the village.

Population
The municipality had 763 inhabitants in 1850, which went up and down to 662 in 1900, 792 in 1950, 681 in 1980 and 821 in 1990.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Schlattingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

In 1999 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Basadingen to form a new and larger municipality Basadingen-Schlattingen.

History

It was first mentioned in 897 as Slattingarro.  Finds from the Paleolithic and Roman era indicate that there were earlier settlements in the area.  In the Middle Ages the monasteries of St. Gallen, Münsterlingen, St. Katharinental and Wagenhausen all held property and rights in Schlattingen.  The town of Diessenhofen held the low justice rights from 1489 to 1798 and the high justice rights after 1460.

The right to appoint pastors of the village church (built in 1275) was held by the Göberg family.  Soon after the Protestant Reformation, it became part of the parish of Stammheim (today Oberstammheim and Unterstammheim) and remained so until 1827.  The Diessenhofen parish staff gave the sermon after 1585 in Schlattingen.  In 1827 the church of Schlattingen became a filial church of Basadingen.

In the 18th Century, the village acquired most of its own land and owned  of woods.  It produced grain, fruit, clover and grapes and in the 19th Century there was increased dairy farming.  Between 1920 and 1980, the proportion of jobs in agriculture dropped from 72% to 46%, while the services sector saw an increase from 6% to 29%.  A new housing development opened in 1945.

Population
The population in 1850 was 488.  By 1900 it had decreased to 333.  In 1950 it was 406 and had increased to 512 in 1990.

Transport
Schlattingen sits on the Lake Line between Schaffhausen and Rorschach and is served by the St. Gallen S-Bahn at the Schlattingen railway station, located at the northern edge of the city center.

References

External links

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


Helado may refer to:

Helado, the Spanish word for ice cream
Crem Helado, a Colombian ice-cream company, owned by Grupo Nutresa
Grido Helado, a chain of ice cream parlours in Argentina
Helados EFE, C.A., an ice cream company that is a subsidiary of Empresas Polar
Helados La Fresita, an ice cream pop and paleta manufacturer in Medellín, Colombia
Helado Negro, stage name of American musician Roberto Carlos Lange

See also


Khusro Faramurz Rustamji, better known as K F Rustamji, is the only police officer in India thus far to have been awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award. This award has been in recognition of his multifarious achievements, including the Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

Early life
Rustamji was born in Kamptee, near Nagpur (India) on 22 May 1916. His parents were both Parsis from Bombay (now Mumbai)
His entire school and college education was in Nagpur. He studied in St Francis de Sales School and had his college education in Science College.  He passed his M.Sc (Zoology) in 1936 securing the first position in the Nagpur University. He worked as a Demonstrator (Assistant Professor) in the same college from 1936 to 1938.
Rustamji qualified the competitive Civil Service examination and was selected for the prestigious service the Indian Police (also sometimes referred to as the Imperial Police) in 1938 from the erstwhile State of Central Provinces and Berar, later known as Madhya Pradesh (MP).

Career
When he had put in four years service and was still an Assistant Superintendent of Police, he was put on duty in Nagpur to quell the riots that took place during the course of the disturbances due to the Quit India Movement in August 1942. He was up against a life-threatening situation and dealt with it courageously. He was awarded the Indian Police Medal for his exemplary handling of the situation.

Soon after the independence of India, he was posted in December 1947 as Superintendent of Police to Raigarh district in the eastern part of the State of MP. He had to oversee the integration of the princely States of Raigarh, Sakti, Sarangarh, Jashpur and Udaipur, consequent on the Government of India's decision to integrate the princely States into the Indian Union.

In May 1948, he was posted to Akola, a district bordering the erstwhile princely State of Hyderabad. He took part in the Hyderabad Police Action, which was ordered by the Government of India as the Nizam of Hyderabad was unwilling to integrate the State with the Indian Union.

In 1949, Rustamji was promoted as Deputy Inspector General of Police to Aurangabad (the then State of Hyderabad). He had to deal with the first Communist insurgency movement.

In August 1952, Rustamji was selected to be the Chief Security Officer to India'a first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. He remained in that post for six years till June 1958, when he was appointed as the Chief of the Madhya Pradesh Police.

As Inspector General of Police of Madhya Pradesh, Rustamji dealt successfully with the problem created by the armed dacoits of the Chambal region. The formidable gangs of Amritlal, Rupa, Lakhan Singh and nose-chopping dacoit Gabbar Singh (who became a household name after the film Sholay) and many others were eliminated.

In 1965, Rustamji was selected to raise the Border Security Force (BSF). By the time he retired the BSF had a strength of 60,000 men. The BSF played a significant part in the Indo-Pak War of 1971 and in the Liberation of Bangladesh.
After retirement from the BSF, he was made Special Secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs and while in that position, he headed a committee which submitted the report for the formation of the Indian Coast Guard, an organization to patrol the maritime border.

He was responsible for the setting up of the National Police Commission and later became its member from 1978 to 1983.
In 1978 he visited the jails in Bihar and wrote about the conditions of the undertrials languishing in the jails for long periods without a trial. His two articles in the national daily, The Indian Express formed the basis for the first Public Interest Litigation (Hussainara Khatoon vs State of Bihar) As a consequence of the judgement in this case, 40,000 undertrials were released all over India.

In his retired life he spent his time writing articles on subjects of topical interest, many of which were published in the newspapers and magazines. His exposés were highly appreciated and they were recognised with the award of the Padma Vibhushan in 1991.

Rustamji died in March 2003.

Rustamji Institute of Technology the first Engineering College in India established by a Para Military Force is named after him.

Bibliography
Books on/by Rustamji

His diaries and writings were edited to bring out two books which were in the nature of an autobiography.

 I Was Nehru’s Shadow
 The British, The Bandits and The Bordermen
 Encyclopedia of Indian Police

Awards
 Indian Police Medal in 1942
 Police Medal for Distinguished Services 1958
 Padma Bhushan 1972
 Padma Vibhushan 1991

References

1916 births
2003 deaths
People from Nagpur district
Parsi people
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in civil service
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service
Indian Police Service officers


HMS Cruizer was a 17-gun wooden screw sloop, the name-ship of the  of the Royal Navy, launched at the Royal Dockyard, Deptford in 1852. The spelling of her name was formally altered to  HMS Cruiser in 1857. She became a sail training vessel in 1872 and was renamed HMS Lark.  She was eventually sold for breaking in 1912.

History

Her first years of service were spent on the China station, during which a party of her crew took part in the Battle of Fatshan Creek in 1857. Her commander, Charles Fellowes, was the first man over the walls of Canton when the city was taken, and the ship saw further action in China, including the attack on the Taku Forts on the Peiho river in 1858.

On 20 November 1858, she was in the company of Her Majesty's Ships Furious, Retribution, Dove, and Lee. The squadron were conveying the Earl of Elgin on the Yangtse River, when they had to engage with the Ping rebels at Nanking.

In 1860, under the command of John Bythesea, she surveyed the Gulf of Pechili to prepare moorings for the Allied fleet to disembark troops for the advance on Peking.

Cruiser was laid up in England in 1867, before being recommissioned for the Mediterranean station.

Disposal

In 1872, having had her guns and engine removed, she became a sail training ship and was renamed Lark, in which capacity she served until at least 1903. She was finally sold for breaking up at Malta in 1912.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

Cruizer-class sloops
Victorian-era sloops of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Deptford
1852 ships
Crimean War naval ships of the United Kingdom


Epworth is a dormitory town in south-eastern Harare Province, Zimbabwe. Its population exploded in the late 1970s and 1980s as an informal settlement.

Background

Epworth is located about twelve kilometres from the Harare city centre. It is a high-density dormitory town administered by the Epworth Local Board. It is bisected by a stream into two parts. The Balancing Rocks found in the northern approaches of the town are famous, and are featured on all bank notes issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe.

History

Epworth Mission was established by the Rev. Shimmin as a Methodist Mission Station more than a century ago, in 1890. Epworth then and to this day is divided into 7 wards.

A large influx of people occurred during the late 1970s and early 1980s with the population being 20,000 in 1980 and 35,000 in 1987. The Methodist Church could not control the influx of people, and therefore transferred ownership of the farm to the Ministry of Local Government in 1983. By 2002 the population was 113,884. Epworth had not been planned as an urban residential area, and therefore this rapid increase in population was occurring on land without any water supply or sanitation facilities. Epworth became the only informal settlement to have been tolerated by the Zimbabwean Government in the post-independence period because of the long history of settlement and because of its size.
The government decided to upgrade rather than demolish the informal settlement. Since most residents of Epworth had squatted in the area spontaneously, public utilities such as water, sewage and electricity were lacking before government intervention. A Local Board formed in 1986 under the Urban Councils Act, and whose members are elected by the community, is responsible for managing the area including the collection of rates and other levies.

Epworth was initially developed into four sub-areas but as the population increased it expanded to nine sub-areas that had extensive squatter settlements. Health services are provided by two clinics in the area. Also, in Epworth there is a large rock that the people call "Domboramwari", which means rock of God.

Development status

For the past 5 years all the well-structured areas (Stopover, Domboramwari, Overspill, Glenwood and Chiremba) have had electricity, a big improvement in the suburb, making it one of the most developed areas in Harare. There has been development, with a new suburb near Delport called Glenwood, which is well structured with modern houses to make it one of the best developed, high-density areas in Harare. However, most unstructured and unregulated illegal structures in Dhonoro, Magada and the down part of Overspill are pulling the suburb backwards as there is no hope for development. Epworth is very clean and they have a unique way of managing their waste and the absence of a sewer system makes the community safe from diseases considering how unsustainable the sewer system has been in Harare. The majority of residents get by as street vendors and informal manufacturers.
There are no street names but most of the plots are numbered. The community is divided into suburbs that are demarcated by dust roads. Major suburbs include Chiremba, Stopover, Chinamano, Dam, Zinyengere, Pentagon, Magada, Overspill, Maulana, Dhonoro, Munyuki, and Danastein. It is a poor suburb. There are five secondary schools, namely Epworth High School, Domboramwari High School, Adelide secondary, Mabvazuva Secondary and Muguta Secondary School which was commissioned in 2007.

Since most of the houses found in the town are built from unburnt bricks, the houses are prone to falling during heavy rains. Due to the harsh economic times that the country has been passing through for the past decade, crime has been on the increase in the overcrowded suburb.

Government and politics
Epworth is represented by the Epworth constituency in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe.

References

Populated places in Harare Province
Squatting in Zimbabwe


Buch bei Frauenfeld is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year  as Buoch.

The municipality also contained the villages Trüttlikon, Hueb, Vorderhorben and Hinterhorben. It had 380 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 305 in 1900, 331 in 1950 and 333 in 1990.

In  the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Uesslingen to form a new and larger municipality Uesslingen-Buch.

References

External links

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


United States Army General Douglas MacArthur is remembered for his services in many places. Schools, roads and parks are among those that have been named in his honor.
MacArthur was enormously popular with the American public, even after his defeat in the Philippines, and across the United States streets, public works, children and even a dance step were named for him during World War II as well. He was very popular with the people of the Philippines (he was the Field Marshal of the Philippine Army in the 1930s) who still consider him a national hero to the present day. There are monuments and historical markers all over the Philippines that memorialize almost every single location where MacArthur served in the Philippines from his first tour there in 1903 to 1961, his final farewell tour to the Philippines.

Towns & Places
MacArthur, Leyte, Philippines
General MacArthur, Eastern Samar, Philippines
Bgy. MacArthur, Monreal, Masbate, Philippines
MacArthur, West Virginia, United States of America

Schools
Douglas MacArthur High School (1950) in San Antonio, Texas, whose mascot is "The Mighty Brahmas" and is a part of the North East Independent School District, is named for MacArthur. It is also one of the oldest schools in the district.
Douglas MacArthur High School in Levittown, New York was named after the general also.
Douglas MacArthur Fundamental Intermediate School is located in Santa Ana, California; this was also named after the General.
Douglas MacArthur Junior High School in Jonesboro, Arkansas.  Their original mascot was "the Cadets".
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Mesa, Arizona is named after the general.
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Lakewood, California
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Tulsa, Oklahoma
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Irving, Texas is home to MacArthur High School, which is also on MacArthur Boulevard. The southern part of town is home to Nimitz High School.
Houston, Texas is home to MacArthur High School as well as Nimitz High School and Eisenhower High School; all are located in the Aldine Independent School District.
MacArthur Elementary-Intermediate School in El Paso, Texas is named after Douglas MacArthur. It is in the El Paso Independent School District.
MacArthur High School in Lawton, Oklahoma.
MacArthur Middle School on Fort George G. Meade army base in Fort Meade, Maryland.
Macarthur High School in Decatur, Illinois.
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. Their mascot is "The Generals."
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School in Waltham, Massachusetts.
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School, Indianapolis, Indiana
MacArthur Middle School, Berkeley, Illinois
Douglas MacArthur Elementary School, 1101 Janneys Lane, Alexandria, Virginia.
MacArthur K-8 University Academy, in Southfield, MI
MacArthur Elementary School, Las Cruces, NM. The oldest elementary school in Las Cruces, NM. Established in 1954
MacArthur High School in Washington, D.C. will open in August 2023. This will be the first new public high school in Washington in decades.

Roads and bridges

 MacArthur Road in Trumbull, Connecticut.
MacArthur Road runs north of the Pershing Road intersection in Decatur, Illinois. South of Pershing Road, it becomes Monroe Street.
 MacArthur Road (Pennsylvania Route 145) in Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania.
 Douglas McArthur Drive in Starkville, Mississippi.
 Douglas MacArthur Road in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
 The MacArthur Bridge in Detroit, Michigan runs across the Detroit River to Belle Isle Park.
There are two bridges and one road named after MacArthur in Taiwan, the MacArthur Highway (麥克阿瑟公路), becoming one of the only three foreigners who have had a landmark named after them, the other two being Franklin Roosevelt and George Leslie Mackay. The road is located in Taipei, although it is renamed now. The two bridges remain.
MacArthur Boulevard is a major highway in Orange County, California.  It runs east of the Santa Ana River to the Pacific Coast Highway in Newport Beach.  This road is also the access to John Wayne Airport.
Though there is a deviation in the spelling, McArthur Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri is named after General MacArthur. It runs from Goodfellow Boulevard to Darby Street.
A street, MacArthur Boulevard, a section of Interstate 580 and a major freeway interchange in Oakland, California, are named after him. A local BART rapid transit station in Oakland is named after its location atop the street and in the freeway median.  The MacArthur Tunnel, south of the Golden Gate Bridge on Highway 1 where it passes through the Presidio in San Francisco, is named after him.
MacArthur Drive, is an 8-mile (13 km) long multilane bypass around the western side of Alexandria, Louisiana.  Throughout, it bears US 71 and in places the additional road numbers for US 165, US 167, and LA 28.  Until the 1992 closure of England Air Force Base, MacArthur Drive helped connect it with Camp Beauregard, which lies northeast of Alexandria and is a major facility for the Louisiana National Guard.
MacArthur Boulevard is a major street in the Algiers section of New Orleans, Louisiana.
MacArthur Boulevard is a major street in Irving, Texas that runs north to Lewisville, Texas ending at Vista Ridge Mall through Valley Ranch and Las Colinas communities in Irving. It runs by North Lake College and Irving High School where it ends in Grand Prairie to the south.
MacArthur Drive is a major thoroughfare in the northwestern part of North Little Rock, Arkansas, and is also known as Arkansas Highway 365.
MacArthur Boulevard is a major highway in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and terminates at the Federal Aviation Administration training academy there.
The MacArthur Causeway is a six lane highway that links downtown Miami, Florida with the city of Miami Beach. The roadway (State Road A1A) crosses the Biscayne Bay south of the Venetian Causeway and north of the Port of Miami.
An  section of Interstate 580 running between and though the cities of Oakland, California and Castro Valley, California was dedicated to the Great General upon its completion.  It is commonly referred to as the "MacArthur Freeway."
MacArthur Bridge in Manila, Philippines runs across the Pasig River.
MacArthur Highway, a  section of the Manila North Road that spans from Caloocan, Metro Manila to Ilocos Norte in the Philippines.
MacArthur Highway in Davao region in Southern Philippines.
MacArthur Avenue, Munster, Indiana, USA
MacArthur Boulevard is a major thoroughfare in Springfield, Illinois
MacArthur Avenue, Canberra, Australia.
MacArthur Avenue, Fort Devens, Massachusetts.
Avenida General MacArthur, Vila Lageado, Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
 Douglas Street, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
 General Douglas MacArthur Plaza in New York City is a one-block-long street located to the west of the FDR Drive on the north side of the Headquarters of the United Nations.
General Douglas MacArthur Road, Wolmido, Incheon, South Korea.
MacArthur Boulevard is part of Massachusetts Route 28, from Falmouth, MA. To Bourne, MA at the Bourne Bridge. 1 of 2 bridges connecting Cape Cod to the rest of Massachusetts.

Others

The Douglas MacArthur Academy of Freedom, an extension of Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, is named for the general. It has a life-size statue of MacArthur in front of the building. Douglas MacArthur's Medal of Honor is on permanent display in the MacArthur Gallery, along with a collection of MacArthur's effects, including swords from the Philippines and Japan, a collection of his pipes, and other personal belongings.
MacArthur Park (formerly Westlake Park) is a park in Los Angeles, California, named after General Douglas MacArthur and designated city of Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument #100. It is located in the Westlake neighborhood of the city and is named after General MacArthur. The park was also the basis of the song of the same name written by Jimmy Webb.
MacArthur Park Historic District in Little Rock, Arkansas. The district's namesake park includes the Tower Building of the Little Rock Arsenal, where Douglas MacArthur was born. The Tower Building is the home of the MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History.
Long Island MacArthur Airport, which is located in Islip, New York.
A major upscale shopping mall, MacArthur Center, is named for Douglas MacArthur and is located across the street from the MacArthur memorial and burial site in Norfolk, Virginia.
MacArthur Barracks at the United States Military Academy at West Point, adjacent to the MacArthur Statue.
MacArthur Square is a commons area located to the east of the Milwaukee County Courthouse in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
MacArthur Inn, an historic hotel circa 1940, in Narrows, Virginia.
MacArthur Landing Memorial is situated in Red Beach, Palo, Leyte in the Philippines. The monument, created by sculptor Anastacio Caedo, marks the spot where General Douglas MacArthur landed with the American Liberation Forces in October, 1944 starting the Battle of Leyte.
MacArthur Hotel and Resort in Red Beach, Palo Leyte in the Philippines just beside the MacArthur Landing Memorial.
The three-bedroom MacArthur Suite of the Manila Hotel was the residence of Gen. MacArthur while living in the country. The suite is located at the 5th floor of the original structure.
Douglas MacArthur Memorial is situated at Tondaligan Blue Beach, Dagupan, Philippines to commemorate the January 1945 Lingayen Gulf landings. There has been a statue of MacArthur here since the 1980s that was commissioned by a private citizen on his or her private property. Access to this site is currently restricted most of the time. The Dagupan city government will take possession of this memorial at a future date, most likely when the city-built MacArthur Landing Park's statues are completed.
MacArthur Landing Park (under construction) at Tondaligan Blue Beach, Dagupan, Philippines also memorializes the January 1945 Lingayen Gulf landings. This is about 1.5 kilometers to the east of the privately owned MacArthur statue in Dagupan and it is the site that is the closest to where MacArthur actually landed in Dagupan. This second Dagupan memorial to MacArthur is currently being constructed by the Dagupan city government and will eventually install statues of MacArthur and his staff landing on the beach that will look similar to the famous MacArthur Landing Memorial statues in Leyte.
MacArthur Landing Memorial Park (under planning and construction) at Blue Beach, Lingayen, Philippines is planned to be built to honor the January 1945 Lingayen Gulf landings. MacArthur landed at both Lingayen and Dagupan (and, as a result, there is a long-running dispute over where he landed first) so both cities have planned recently to honor MacArthur in separate memorials. There is currently a very small, plain marker that signifies the MacArthur landing at Veterans Memorial Park near the Pangasinan Provincial Capitol in Lingayen.
The MacArthur Memorial Room in the Dai-Ichi Building in Tokyo, Japan was established in honor of MacArthur's tenure as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers during the occupation of Japan. Everything in the room has been kept the exact same as when MacArthur worked there from 1945-51.
MacArthur Garden and MacArthur Statue in Atsugi Naval Air Base, Japan memorializing the August 1945 landing by MacArthur in Japan. This event started the occupation of Japan.
The large MacArthur Central plaza in downtown Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is named after Douglas MacArthur and has as its logo the five stars of his rank. The MacArthur Museum MacArthur Museum, Brisbane, which was opened to the public in 2004, is located within the MacArthur Central building, which was renamed MacArthur Chambers in honor of MacArthur.
A monument to MacArthur in Landres-et-Saint-Georges, France was dedicated to honor his service with the 42nd Infantry "Rainbow" Division in World War I.
The Douglas MacArthur Memorial Corridor in the Pentagon was dedicated by President Ronald Reagan in 1981 to honor MacArthur. The corridor displays uniforms, medals, and memorabilia from MacArthur's career. MacArthur is also honored in the Pentagon with a portrait in the U.S. Army Chief of Staff Memorial Corridor and his name is inscribed in the Hall of Heroes corridor that honors all Medal of Honor recipients.
The MacArthur Room in the Lewis and Clark Center of the United States Army Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas was dedicated in honor of MacArthur who served at Fort Leavenworth as a junior officer. A portrait of MacArthur and a General of the Army flag have been placed behind a desk that was formerly used by MacArthur. It is a meeting room for visitors.
A portion of the Gadjah Mada University INCULS library in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia has been set aside as "The Douglas MacArthur Memorial Library for Peace, Tolerance, and Justice." Started in August 2006, the library receives book donations each year from students participating in the United States - Indonesia Society's Summer Studies program. One of the books, Cryptonomicon, features MacArthur as a supporting character.
Gen. MacArthur Memorial Marker is a historical marker located at the edge of the Port of Macabalan Wharf in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines; the monument commemorates two historical events.
A statue of MacArthur built in Jayu (Freedom) Park, in Incheon, South Korea in 1957 has become a site of contention between some civic groups who consider the statue a symbol of imperialism, should be removed, and some veteran groups who consider him a hero and symbol of all Korean and UN forces who died.  Skirmishes between the two groups have forced the Korean government to protect the statue with troops. In November 2006, a MacArthur Statue protest leader was arrested.
MacArthur Stadium was a former sports complex in Syracuse, New York from 1934 to 1997.  It was primarily used by the Syracuse Chiefs for minor league baseball.  The stadium was renamed in honor of MacArthur in 1942 and kept that name until its demolition in 1997.
MacArthur Monument at the former location of the headquarters and lodging of MacArthur in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. The hill where the monument is located is called MacArthur hill (Bukit MacArthur) or, in locals spelling, Makatur hill (Bukit Makatur).
Giant letter signs off the coast of Zum-zum island in Morotai Islands, North Maluku, Indonesia reads "Zum-zum Mc.Arthur Island" [sic], as General MacArthur once stayed in the island during Battle of Morotai and the island is also commonly called MacArthur island. A statue and bust of MacArthur are also present.
MacArthur's Wharf is located in Buenavista, Guimaras that links Iloilo, Panay with Guimaras. The wharf was constructed by MacArthur and U.S. Army engineers in 1903 when he was a lieutenant and recently finished graduating from West Point. The area near the wharf where he was gathering some wood was where MacArthur was shot at by a group of Filipino brigands or guerrillas, almost killing him and actually shooting his hat off, and he shot two of them dead with his pistol.
The Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center is located in Camp H. M. Smith in Oahu, Hawaii. It is the headquarters of the United States Indo-Pacific Command.
The MacArthur is a historical Art Deco building in Los Angeles, California next to MacArthur Park. It was originally built to be the headquarters for the local Elks Lodge branch and then later was converted into a hotel. After the closure of the hotel in the 1980s the building was used in numerous Hollywood films and music videos. In the 2010s it was renamed The MacArthur.
MacArthur Playground is a public park in New York City located between East 48th and 49th streets in Manhattan.
The new Leyte Provincial Capitol (completed in 2022) in Palo, Leyte, Philippines has two statues of MacArthur. One statue is a smaller version of MacArthur and his party landing in Leyte like the larger famous MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park and the other is a statue of MacArthur together with Jesus Christ and Ferdinand Magellan.
The MacArthur Conference Room in Yokota Air Base in Western Tokyo, Japan was dedicated in honor of MacArthur who served as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan from 1945 to 1951. Yokota Air Base is the headquarters of United States Forces Japan. A bust of MacArthur and photos of MacArthur decorate the room.

References

Lists of places named after people


Iselisberg is a village in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It is located just north of Uesslingen. In 1995, the Uesslingen municipality merged with its neighbor to form a new and larger municipality Uesslingen-Buch.

It used to be a centre of wine production.

References

Villages in Switzerland


Uesslingen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. In 1995, the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipality Buch bei Frauenfeld to form a new and larger municipality Uesslingen-Buch.

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


General Juan Madariaga () is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for General Madariaga Partido.

The settlement was established on December 8, 1907.

External links

 Municipal website

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1907


Agustín Parrado y García (5 October 1872—8 October 1946) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Granada from 1934 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.

Biography
Agustín Parrado y García was born in Fuensaldaña, and studied at the seminary in Valladolid before being ordained to the priesthood on 21 September 1895. He then taught at the Valladolid seminary and at the Pontifical University of Valladolid. After becoming Vice-Rector of the seminary of Valladolid, Parrado was made canon penitentiary of the cathedral chapter of Astorga, director of its diocesan newspaper, and an official of the diocesan curia.

He was later made a diocesan official of Salamanca, dean of the Theological Faculty at the Pontifical University of Salamanca, and Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 14 June 1922.

On 20 May 1925, Parrado was appointed Bishop of Palencia by Pope Benedict XV. He received his episcopal consecration in the same year from Archbishop Julián de Diego y García Alcolea, with Bishops Manuel de Castro Alonso and Manuel María Vidal y Boullón serving as co-consecrators, in the Cathedral of Salamanca.

Parrado was later named Archbishop of Granada, ending a nearly four-year-long vacancy, on 7 March 1934 and an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne on 17 October 1945. Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal Priest of Sant'Agostino in the consistory of 22 February 1946.

The Cardinal died in Granada, at age 74. He is buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Granada.

References

External links
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-Hierarchy

1872 births
1946 deaths
Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII
20th-century Spanish cardinals
Academic staff of the Pontifical University of Salamanca
Archbishops of Granada


Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Reindeer or Rein Deer, after the Reindeer:

 was an 18-gun , launched in 1804, captured by  in 1814, and subsequently burnt.
 was an 8-gun packet brig launched in 1829, on harbour service from 1841 and sold in 1847. Despite this, she remained on the Navy lists until 1856.
 was a  wood screw sloop launched in 1866. Work had been suspended in 1865 but was subsequently restarted. She was broken up in 1876.
 was a  screw sloop launched in 1883. She was used as a boom defence vessel from 1904, and a salvage vessel from 1917.  She was sold in 1929.

There was also a requisitioned trawler launched in 1902 and named Reindeer.

See also

, an armed yacht that served in the Battle of the Atlantic and the Battle of the St. Lawrence.

References

Royal Navy ship names


The 2007–08 Ball State Cardinals men's basketball team was an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Mid-American Conference.

Coaching staff
 Billy Taylor – Head coach
 Jim Molinari – Assistant coach
 Joseph Price – Assistant coach
 Bob Simmons – Assistant coach
 Jay Newberry – Director of Basketball Operations

Preseason
Billy Taylor replaced Ronny Thompson as head coach of the team. Only Peyton Stovall, Brandon Lampley, Anthony Newell and Rashaun McLemore (who redshirted) would return from last year's team.

Roster

Walk-on players are italicized.

Schedule

Awards

Mid-American Conference Player of the Week
 Peyton Stovall, January 7

References

Ball State Cardinals men's basketball seasons
Ball State


This is the service summary of Douglas MacArthur, a General in the United States Army, who began his career in 1903 as a second lieutenant and served in three major military conflicts, going on to hold the highest military offices of both the United States and the Philippines.

History

Chronology and summary of military service

West Point
13 June 1899 – appointed as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
1900: Is the victim of hazing and becomes involved in a serious scandal where one cadet is left dead by upperclassman abuse. During the investigation he implicates only cadets who were already expelled from West Point or had previously confessed.
11 June 1903 – Graduates first in his class, commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers

Early career
October 1903: Serves with Company I, 3rd Battalion of Engineers in the Philippine Islands.
November 1903: Ambushed by two Filipino brigands or guerrillas while constructing a wharf in Guimaras. He shot and killed both of them.
April 1904: Promoted to First Lieutenant.
November 1904: Becomes assistant to Chief Engineering Officer for the Army Pacific Division in San Francisco, California.
January 1905: Assigned to the California Debris Commission until October 1905.
Acting Chief Engineer Officer, Pacific Division, July 1905 to October 1905.
November 1905: Reports to Tokyo, Japan to serve as an aide to his father (Major General Arthur MacArthur, Jr.) in the Far East. Sees service in numerous locations in the Far East.
August 1906: Takes three month furlough. Returns to United States.
November 1906: Assigned to 2nd Engineer Battalion at Washington Barracks.
December 1906: Serves as aide-de-camp to President Theodore Roosevelt
August 1907: Attends the Engineering School of Application in Washington, D.C. Graduates 28 February 1908.
March 1908: Assigned as the Officer-in-Charge (OIC), Improvements Commission, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
April 1908: Appointed as commanding officer, Company K, 3rd Battalion of Engineers. Later that year becomes an instructor at the Mounted Service School, Fort Riley, Kansas
April 1909: Becomes Quartermaster for the 3rd Battalion of Engineers.
27 February 1911: Promoted to captain and serves as the Officer-in-Charge of the Engineering Depot at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
April 1913: Appointed as superintendent of the State, War, and Navy Building in Washington, D.C.
25 September 1913: Assigned to the General Staff Corps, for duty as a member and recorder of the Board of Engineering Troops.
April 1914: Becomes the assistant engineering officer of the military expedition to Veracruz, Mexico. Conducts an unauthorized reconnaissance mission during which he engages in three gun fights in which he kills a total of seven Mexicans.
11 December 1915: Promoted to major, serves as an engineering officer on the Army General Staff.

World War I
10 August 1917: Becomes chief of staff of the 42nd Division and is credited with naming it the "Rainbow Division".
11 August 1917: Promoted to the temporary rank of colonel in the National Army. Reports to Camp Mills, Long Island, New York to begin forming the 42nd Division.
November 1917: Departs U.S. for France and joins the American Expeditionary Force.
26 June 1918: Appointed a brigadier general in the National Army and in August is appointed as commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade. Briefly commands the 42nd Division from 10 to 22 November 1918.
1918 – 1919: Receives two Distinguished Service Crosses and seven Silver Star Citations (later converted to Silver Stars) for battlefield leadership and bravery and also is wounded in action and gassed by the enemy. Was known for personally leading troops into battle, often without a weapon of his own. Begins to develop a negative relationship with General of the Armies John Pershing, after feeling that Pershing is wasting the lives of his troops with bad military tactics.
May 1919: Returns to the United States as a hero, but is distraught over the lack of recognition his Rainbow Division receives for actions in France.

Inter-war years
12 June 1919: Becomes the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, West Point.
20 January 1920: Appointed as a brigadier general in the Regular Army. Is one of the few officers who retain their wartime rank. Receives a negative evaluation report from Pershing, now Chief of Staff, who ranks Macarthur 38 out of 45 generals and states that MacArthur has an "exalted view of himself and should remain in his present grade for several years".
February 1922: Married socialite Louise Cromwell Brooks in Palm Beach, Florida.
1 November 1922: Becomes Commanding General, District of Manila, in the Philippines.
29 June 1923: While still serving as District of Manila Commander, also becomes commander of the 23rd Infantry Brigade.
18 November 1924: Assigned as commander of the Philippine Division.
17 January 1925: Promoted to major general, becoming the youngest two-star general in the U.S. Army.
1 February 1925:  Returns to the United States to become a corps commander.
1 May 1925: Assigned as 4th Corps Area Commander, encompassing the southeastern states with headquarters in Atlanta. Quickly reassigned as local residents did not welcome MacArthur because his father was a Union officer during the Civil War.
25 July 1925: Relieved of assignment as 4th Corps Area Commander.
1 August 1925 – 3 September 1928: Serves as 3rd Corps Area Commander, with headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland.
November to December 1925:  Serves as a member of the court martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell.
16 September 1927 to 1928: Serves as president of the American Olympic Committee. Leads the United States Olympic Team to Amsterdam in August 1928.
1 October 1928: Assigned as the Commanding General of the Philippine Department, with headquarters in Manila.
1929: Divorces his wife Louise due to mutual incompatibility.
2 October 1930: Becomes the commander of the Ninth Corps Area with headquarters at the Presidio of San Francisco, California.
21 November 1930: Appointed by President Hoover as Chief of Staff of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of general on the same date.
1931: Proposes the Army General Staff Badge but it is not approved by the War Department until 1933.
22 February 1932: Re-establishes the Purple Heart on the 200th anniversary of the birth of George Washington. Previously, wound chevrons were worn on the right sleeve of the uniform.
27 February 1932: Installed as the Supreme Paramount Carabao of the Military Order of the Carabao in Washington, D.C.
June 1932: Presides over the dispersal of the "Bonus Army", deemed a low point of his tenure as Army Chief of Staff.
16 July 1932: Establishes the Silver Star decoration for valor in combat to replace the Silver Citation Star which was worn on the appropriate campaign medal.
1 October 1935: Completes his tour as chief of staff and declines retirement from the army. Per Army regulations, reverts to his permanent rank of major general.
October 1935: Meets heiress Jean Faircloth on his voyage to the Philippines.
26 October 1935: Arrives in the Philippines and becomes the Chief Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. Makes his residence at the Manila Hotel.
3 December 1935: Mary Pinkney "Pinkie" Hardy MacArthur (b. 1852) dies in Manila.
14 January 1936: Made a Master Mason at Sight by Samuel R. Hawthorne, Grand Master of the Philippines.
24 August 1936: Commissioned as a field marshal in the Philippine Army. Only person to ever hold that rank in the Philippine Army.  Begins wearing the "scrambled eggs" cap often associated with his image.
30 April 1937: Marries Jean Faircloth in New York City.
31 December 1937: Retires from the U.S. Army at his own request. Placed on the retired list as a four-star general.
1938 – 1941: Civilian adviser to the Philippine Government on military matters.
21 February 1938: Son Arthur MacArthur IV is born in Manila.

World War II

1941-1942
26 July 1941: Recalled to active service in the United States Army with the rank of major general and appointed as commanding general of United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE).
27 July 1941: Commissioned as a temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States.
8 December 1941: Japanese invade the Philippines.
18 December 1941: Promoted to four star general in the Army of the United States.
24 December 1941: Moves headquarters from Manila to Corregidor. Declares Manila an open city.
December 1941–May 1942; Allied forces retreat to Bataan and Corregidor
15 January 1942: $500,000 from the Philippine treasury is deposited by wire into MacArthur's personal bank account. It is a gratuity to MacArthur from Philippine President Manuel Quezon for his services to the Philippines.
22 February 1942: Ordered by President Roosevelt to leave the Philippines and go to Australia.
12 March 1942: Departs the Philippines by PT boat and later takes a plane from Mindanao to Australia.
17 March 1942: Arrives at Batchellor Field in Darwin, Australia.
20 March 1942: In Terowie, South Australia, MacArthur promises, "I came out of Bataan and I shall return."
21 March 1942: Establishes headquarters of USAFFE in Melbourne, Australia.
1 April 1942: Awarded the Medal of Honor by War Department General Order No. 16 for his efforts to defend the Philippines.
9 April 1942: Major General Edward P. King surrenders the last American and Filipino forces on the Bataan peninsula.
18 April 1942: Appointed Supreme Allied Commander, South West Pacific Area (SWPA) with headquarters in Melbourne. Australian Prime Minister John Curtin gives MacArthur control of the Australian military, which commences the New Guinea campaign. MacArthur also commands American, Dutch and New Zealand forces.
6 May 1942: Fall of Corregidor island. Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright IV surrenders remaining American and Filipino forces in the Philippines.
18 June 1942: Appointed Supreme Allied Commander, South West Pacific Area.
21 July 1942: Moves headquarters to the Australian Mutual Provident (AMP) Building in Brisbane, Australia.
5 September 1942: I Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger, arrives in Australia and is assigned the 32nd and 41st Infantry Divisions. I Corps serves as the headquarters for US ground forces assigned to SWPA and is initially subordinate to the Australian First Army.
15 September 1942: The 126th Infantry Regiment of the 32nd Infantry Division arrives in New Guinea. This marks the beginning of the New Guinea campaign.
19 September 1942: Awarded Distinguished Service Medal by the American Legion.
6 November 1942: Moves tactical headquarters of SWPA to Port Moresby, New Guinea.  Main headquarters remains in Brisbane.
16 November 1942 until 22 January 1943: Battle of Buna–Gona. American and Australian forces under MacArthur engaged in a hard-fought campaign eliminated a Japanese stronghold in southwestern New Guinea. Allied casualties were high and much was learned about conducting jungle warfare.

1943
16 February 1943: The Sixth United States Army is formed under the command of Lieutenant General Walter Kruger. The Sixth Army serves as the headquarters for all US ground forces in the South West Pacific Area.
2-4 March 1943: Battle of the Bismarck Sea. Allied air forces under MacArthur's command sink 8 transports, 4 destroyers and destroy 20 fighter planes with light casualties. The victory greatly reduces Japan's ability to reinforce its forces on New Guinea.
30 June 1943 to March 1944: MacArthur implements Operation Cartwheel, consisting of 10 individual operations with the goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul. The operation is based on the principles of avoiding strongly held areas and using "island hopping" to gain positional advantages.
1943 – 1944: Argues with the Joint Chiefs of Staff regarding reconquest of the Philippine Islands. Chiefs propose bypass; MacArthur has a conference with President Roosevelt and Admiral Chester Nimitz in July 1944 to argue for invading the Philippines. Due to logistics issues the Joint Chiefs decided to invade only the southern the Philippine Islands. MacArthur again must fight to convince his superiors to invade the entire Philippine Islands. The Joint Chiefs eventually agree that MacArthur is to lead the invasion the Philippine Islands at Leyte Gulf and strike toward Manila.

1944
Early 1944: After being approached by Republican Party leaders, considers running for the Republican nomination for the 1944 presidential election.
29 March 1944: Invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath by The Rt Hon The Lord Gowrie VC, GCMG etc., Governor General of Australia.
30 April 1944: Issues a statement asking that no action be taken to nominate him for president. He states, "I do not covet it nor would I accept it."
June 1944: Receives one vote for the presidential nomination at the 1944 Republican National Convention.
28 July 1944: Meets with President Roosevelt, Admiral William Leahy and Admiral Chester Nimitz in Honolulu, Hawaii to discuss the alternatives of invading the Philippines or Taiwan prior to an invasion of Japan. MacArthur is successful in convincing Roosevelt to have him lead the invasion of the Philippines.
20 October 1944: MacArthur fulfills his promise to return to the Philippines. U.S. forces landed at Leyte and began reconquest of Philippines.
18 December 1944: Promoted to the newly created rank of General of the Army becoming second highest ranking active duty officer of the U.S. Army after Army Chief of Staff George Marshall.

1945
5 February 1945: Forces under MacArthur's command liberate Manila. Moves headquarters to Manila.
7 March 1945: Returns to Corregidor after its recapture.
11 March 1945: Awarded the Medal of Valor by the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Summer 1945: Begins planning the invasion of Japan (codenamed Operation Downfall) with a tentative starting date of 1 November 1945.
26 July 1945: Briefed by Brigadier General Thomas F. Farrell about the atomic bomb.
6 August 1945: MacArthur stunned by the news of the use of the atomic bomb to destroy Hiroshima, and is quoted as saying that "this apparatus will make men like me obsolete".
15 August 1945: Japan surrenders. MacArthur is appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) and given command of all Allied Forces in Japan. The Philippine Congress bestows on him honorary citizenship and decrees that his name will be carried in perpetuity on the rolls of the Philippine Army.
27 August 1945: Elected as a Compatriot of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
30 August 1945: Arrives in Japan and assumes command of the occupation of Japan and is appointed military governor of Japanese home islands with his headquarters at the Dai Ichi Building in Tokyo.
2 September 1945: Presides over the Japanese surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay on board the battleship USS Missouri. Threatens the Soviet Union with armed conflict should Red Army soldiers attempt to occupy any part of Japan.

Occupation of Japan
15 December 1945: Orders the end of Shinto as the state religion of Japan.
1945 – 1948: Begins sweeping reforms, drafts a new constitution for Japan granting women the right to vote, and puts an end to centuries of Emperor god-worship.
January 1946: Decides not to prosecute Emperor Hirohito for war crimes because the Emperor was invaluable to MacArthur's efforts to reform Japan.
19 January 1946: The International Military Tribunal sits in Tokyo to conduct war crimes trials. MacArthur is given final authority to approve convictions and to carry out sentences.
23 March 1946: Permanently promoted to General of the Army.
10 April 1946: First free elections in Japan's history. Japanese women vote for the first time.
10 May 1946: Visited in Tokyo by Army Chief of Staff Dwight D. Eisenhower.
4 July 1946: The Philippines become an independent nation. MacArthur, representing the United States Army, attends the celebration in Manila.
14 December 1946: Invested with the Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honor.
3 May 1947: Japan's new constitution, greatly influenced by MacArthur, goes into effect.
June 1948: Receives 11 votes for the presidential nomination at the 1948 Republican National Convention.
9 July 1948: Returned to the active list of the Regular Army. He had officially been a retired officer on active duty since 26 July 1941.

Korean War
1950: Elected an honorary member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati.
21 June 1950: Meets with future Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in Tokyo.
25 June 1950: Invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
8 July 1950: Named Commander-in-Chief of United Nations Command and takes command of all United Nations forces in Korea.
31 July 1950: Travels to Taiwan and conducts diplomacy with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.
15 September 1950: Leads UN forces at the invasion at Inchon, which is seen as one of the greatest military operations in history.
1 October 1950: Calls on North Korean forces to lay down their arms.
15 October 1950: Meets with President Truman on Wake Island after heavy disagreements develop regarding the conduct of the Korean War. When meeting Truman, it is very noticeable that MacArthur does not salute his Commander-in-Chief but rather offers a handshake. Truman awards MacArthur a fourth oak leaf cluster on his Distinguished Service Medal.
19 October 1950: China intervenes in North Korea with 200,000 troops.
November – December 1950: With China committed to all-out war against the US on the Korean peninsula, MacArthur advocates for the same in return against China but is prohibited. He is outraged when military leaders in Washington restrict the war to only the Korean theater, meaning that he cannot bomb even the bridges of the Yalu river over which Chinese troops, supplies, and material are streaming across. He is further restricted from bombing their bases in Manchuria. MacArthur expressed his outrage later, saying that "The order not to bomb the Yalu bridges was the most indefensible and ill-conceived decision ever forced on a field commander in our nation's history."
25 March 1951: MacArthur is directed to clear his press releases with Washington prior to making them public.
5 April 1951: Republican Congressman Joseph Martin reads a letter written to him by MacArthur on 20 March 1951 to the House of Representatives. In the letter MacArthur supports Martin's view that Chinese Nationalist forces should be employed in the Korean War. This position is in conflict with the policies of the Truman administration.
10 April 1951: President Truman meets with senior officials regarding, in Truman's opinion, MacArthur's insubordination. It is decided that MacArthur should be relieved of command of United Nations forces in Korea.
11 April 1951: After several public criticisms of White House policy in Korea, which were seen as undercutting the Commander-in-Chief's position, President Truman removes MacArthur from command and orders him to return to the United States. Some suggest Truman may have exchanged MacArthur for a sound nuclear policy in Korea since he did not trust "Brass Hat MacArthur" with nuclear weapons. Some disagree with this, however, since MacArthur later came out against Truman's use of the bomb against Japan and there seems to be no concrete evidence of a major change in his views.
8 September 1951: Peace treaty with Japan signed.  Position of Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) abolished.

Later life
19 April 1951: At a farewell address before the United States Congress, MacArthur gives his famous "Old Soldiers Never Die" speech.
April 1951: Awarded Gold Commemorative Medal by New York City.
20 April 1951: Honored with a ticker tape parade in New York City.
25 April 1951: Addresses a crowd of 50,000 at Soldier Field in Chicago.
27 April 1951: Visits Milwaukee, Wisconsin and accepts honorary degree from Marquette University.
28 April 1951: Awarded Distinguished Service Citizens Medal by the Veterans of Foreign Wars.
1 May 1951: Awarded Gold Good Citizenship Medal by the Sons of the American Revolution.
3-5 May 1951: Appears before the Senate committees on Foreign Relations and Armed Services. MacArthur answers questions about the conduct of the Korean War and his relief from command.
May 1951: Retires a second time from the U.S. Army, but is listed as permanently on active duty due to the regulations regarding those who hold the rank of General of the Army. For administrative reasons, he is assigned in absentee to the office of the Army Chief of Staff. Makes his residence at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City.
13 June 1951: Addresses the Texas State Legislature in Austin. Warns against a policy of appeasement.
25 July 1951: Addresses the Massachusetts State Legislature in Boston. He states that it is a dangerous concept for members of the military to owe their primary allegiance to those in temporary authority in the executive branch of government rather than to their country and its Constitution.
17 October 1951: Addresses the National Convention of the American Legion in Miami, Florida.
1952: Allows name to be placed on primary ballots for Republican nomination, but does not campaign or announce as a candidate.
July 1952: Delivers the keynote address at the 1952 Republican National Convention. Senator Robert Taft promises supporters to name MacArthur as candidate for vice president, but Taft loses to nomination to Eisenhower on the 1st ballot. MacArthur received 10 votes on the 1st ballot before shifts and only 4 votes after shifts.
1952: Nominated for president, without his consent, by both the Constitution Party and the America First Party, with Senator Harry F. Byrd as the nominee for vice president. Receives 17,205 votes nationwide.
1952: Accepts position as chairman of the board of directors of Remington Rand Corporation.
17 December 1952: At the request of President-elect Eisenhower, MacArthur meets with him and Secretary of State designate John Foster Dulles at the Waldorf Astoria to discuss MacArthur's suggestions for ending the Korean War.
18 March 1954: Meets with President Eisenhower at the White House.
1955: Is considered for promotion to the rank of General of the Armies. The promotion does not take place, various difficulties having arisen.
30 July 1957: Addresses stockholders meeting of the Sperry Rand Corporation. Comments on the negative economic impact of taxation.
1959: The MacArthur Bowl trophy is established. It is a trophy awarded annually by the National Football Foundation (NFF) (owners and operators of the College Football Hall of Fame) to the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football team(s) that are recognized by the NFF as the National Champions for that season.
1 December 1959: Addresses Football Hall of Fame dinner in New York City.
1960: Active in U.S. Olympic affairs.
21 June 1960: Invested with the Grand Cordon with Paulownia Flowers of the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun. (This makes MacArthur one of the few generals in history to be honored by a country he fought against.)
10 January 1961: Invested as Chief Commander of the Philippine Legion of Honor.
28 April 1961: Meets with President John F. Kennedy at the Waldorf Astoria.
6 June 1961: Arthur MacArthur IV graduates from Columbia University. Lives a reclusive adult life in New York City under an assumed name.
4 July 1961: Visits the Philippines on the fifteenth anniversary of its independence. This is his last appearance in uniform.
20 July 1961: Meets with President Kennedy at the White House.
1961: Awarded an honorary Combat Infantryman Badge by Army Chief of Staff General George H. Decker. During World War II, Decker served as chief of staff of the Sixth United States Army, which was a major element under MacArthur's command.
12 May 1962: Gives famous Duty, Honor, Country speech at West Point upon accepting the Sylvanus Thayer Award granted by the West Point Association of Graduates.
25 May 1962: Awarded Silver Buffalo Award from the Boy Scouts of America.
20 July 1962: Awarded the Thanks of Congress by unanimous vote.
16 August 1962: Meets with President Kennedy at the White House.
9 October 1962: Awarded Congressional Gold Medal.
30 September 1963: Awarded the Distinguished Achievement Medal by Freemasonry.

Illness and death
2 March 1964: Goes to Walter Reed Army Hospital for a checkup due to stomach pains.
6 March 1964: Has surgery for removal of his gallbladder and of gallstones, which had been causing obstructive jaundice.
March 1964: Visited by President Lyndon Johnson while recovering from surgery.
5 April 1964: General of the Army Douglas MacArthur dies of liver and kidney failure following gallbladder surgery at Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C. President Johnson orders all US flags be flown at half staff until after MacArthur's burial.
7 April 1964: Lies in honor at the Seventh Regiment Armory in New York City.
8-9 April 1964: Lies in state at the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C. Eulogies are given by the chaplains of the House and Senate and President Johnson lays a wreath on MacArthur's casket. Admiral of the Navy George Dewey and General of the Armies John Pershing are the only other military officers who were not presidents or senators to have lain in state at the Capitol.
11 April 1964: Interred at the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia.
22 January 2000: Jean MacArthur dies in New York City and is buried next to her husband.

Assignments

Early career
Cadet, United States Military Academy, 13 June 1899 to 11 June 1903
Graduated and commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, 11 June 1903
At Guimaras Island, P. I., with Company I, 3d Battalion of Engineers, October 1903 to November 1904
Assistant to the Engineer Officer, Department of the Visayas, Iloilo, P. I., October 1903 to March, 1904
Disbursing Officer and Assistant to the Chief Engineer Officer, Philippines Division, Manila, P. I., 27 February 1904 to October, 1904
Assistant to Lieutenant Colonel T. H. Handbury, Corps of Engineers, San Francisco, California, November 1904 to April 1905
California Debris Commission, January 1905 to October 1905
Assistant to Colonel W. H. Heuer, Corps of Engineers, San Francisco, Cal., April 1905 to October 1905
Acting Chief Engineer Officer, Pacific Division, July 1905 to October 1905
Aide-de‑Camp to Commanding General, Pacific Division, October 1905 to September 1906
Confidential duty in Japan, China, Siam, Java, Malay States, Burma, India and Ceylon, November 1905 to August 1906
2d Battalion of Engineers, Washington Barracks, D. C., November 1906 to August 1907
Aide-de‑Camp to President Theodore Roosevelt, December 1906 to August 1907
Assistant to Major W. V. Judson, Corps of Engineers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 1907 to April 1908
In charge of improvements to the harbors of Manitowoc, Two‑Rivers and Sheboygan, Wisconsin, November 1907 to April, 1908
Graduate of Engineer School of Application, 28 February 1908
Commanding Company K, 3d Battalion of Engineers, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, April, 1908 to circa 1910
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, commanding Battalion, and Battalion Adjutant and Instructor, Army Service Schools, April, 1908 to November, 1912
Participated in mobilization of Maneuver Division at San Antonio, Texas, March to July 1911
At Washington, D. C., member and recorder of Board of Engineer Troops, November 1912, to May 1913
With General Staff Corps, May to September, 1913
Superintendent of State, War and Navy Building and member of General Staff, 25 September 1913 to 11 December 1915
Participated in Vera Cruz Expedition, April to September 1914
With General Staff, 11 December 1915 to 7 April 1916
Member of General Staff, 7 April 1916 to 10 August 1917

Mid career
Chief of Staff, 42nd Division - 10 August 1917 to 26 June 1918
Commander, 84th Infantry Brigade, 42d Division - 26 June 1918 to 12 April 1919
Acting Commander, 42nd Division - 10 November 1918 to 22 November 1918
Superintendent, United States Military Academy - 12 June 1919 to 30 June 1922
Commander, District of Manila - 1 November 1922 to 29 June 1923
Commander, 23rd Infantry Brigade, Philippine Division - 29 June 1923 to 17 January 1925
Commander, Philippine Division - 18 November 1924 to 30 January 1925
Commander, Fourth Corps Area, Atlanta, Georgia - 1 May 1925 to 26 July 1925
Commander, Third Corps Area, Baltimore, Maryland - 1 August 1925 to 3 September 1928
Commander, Philippine Department - 1 October 1928 to September 1930
Commander, Ninth Corps Area, San Francisco, California - 2 October 1930 to 20 November 1930
Chief of Staff, United States Army - 21 November 1930 to 1 October 1935
Chief Military Advisor to the Philippines - 26 October 1935 to 26 July 1941 (Held position as a civilian from 1 January 1938.)

Late career (World War II and Korea)
Commanding General, United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) - 27 July 1941 to 4 July 1946
Commander, Philippine Department - 27 July 1941 to 21 March 1942
Supreme Allied Commander, South West Pacific Area (SWPA) - 18 April 1942 to 2 September 1945
Commander in Chief, United States Army Forces in the Pacific (AFPAC) - 6 April 1945 to 31 December 1946
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), Japan - 14 August 1945 to 11 April 1951
Commander in Chief, Far East Command - 1 January 1947 to 11 April 1951
Commander in Chief, United Nations Command, Korea - 8 July 1950 to 11 April 1951

Dates of rank

In 1955, legislation was in the early stages of consideration by the United States Congress which would have authorized the President of the United States to promote Douglas MacArthur to the rank of General of the Armies. A similar measure had also been proposed unsuccessfully by Stuart Symington in 1945. However, because of several complications which would arise if such a promotion were to take place, the bill was withdrawn.

Orders, decorations and medals
Throughout his career, Douglas MacArthur earned nearly 100 military awards and national honors including:

Note 1 - General MacArthur received every U.S. Army decoration and service medal which he was potentially eligible for except for the Legion of Merit.

Note 2 - General MacArthur was awarded a total of 14 overseas service insignias - 3 gold chevrons for World War I, 9 overseas service bars for World War II and 2 for the Korean War.

Civil awards
In addition to the military awards and national honors listed above, General MacArthur received numerous other honors and awards. Below is a partial listing.

Army and Navy Club Gold Medal (1935)
American Legion Distinguished Service Medal (1942)
Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award (1946)
Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Roosevelt Medal (1946)
Sons of the American Revolution Gold Good Citizenship Medal (1951)
Veterans of Foreign Wars Citizens Distinguished Service Medal (1951)
National Football Foundation Gold Medal (1959)
Order of Lafayette Freedom Medal (1961)
United States Military Academy Sylvanus Thayer Award (1962)
Thanks of Congress (1962)
Congressional Gold Medal (1962)
Freemasons Distinguished Achievement Medal (1963)

General MacArthur appeared on the cover of Time magazine a total of eight times. He was also featured on the cover of Life magazine six times. In addition, his trademark "scrambled eggs" hat appeared on the cover of Life magazine following his death in 1964.

Memberships
General MacArthur belonged to several military and hereditary societies including the Society of the Cincinnati (elected an honorary member of the New York Society in 1950), Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (insignia number 15,317), Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Sons of the American Revolution (accepted by the Empire State Society on 27 August 1945, and assigned national membership number 65,843 and state membership number 7,723), Military Order of Foreign Wars, Military Order of the World Wars (of which he served as national commander in 1928), Order of Lafayette, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the American Legion (member of Post 23 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin). MacArthur was installed as the Supreme Paramount Carabao of the Military Order of the Carabao at its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., on 27 February 1932.

In 1942 he received the American Legion's Distinguished Service Medal.  On 13 October 1951, he was elected an honorary national president of the Society of American Legion Founders.

MacArthur was also eligible for membership in Sons of the Revolution, Society of Colonial Wars and the Order of the Indian Wars of the United States, however, his membership in these organizations has not been confirmed.

On 17 January 1936, MacArthur was made a Freemason at sight by Samuel Hawthorne, Grand Master of Masons in the Philippines in a two-hour ceremony. After being raised to the degree of Master Mason, MacArthur joined Manila Lodge No.1. On 19 October 1937, he was elected Knight Commander Court of Honor, and on 8 December 1947, he was coroneted to the honorary 33rd Degree at the American Embassy in Tokyo. He was also a life member of the Nile Shrine in Seattle, Washington.

References

External links
New York Times Obituary
General Orders No. 13, Headquarters, Department of the Army, 6 April 1964.
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur Medal, Reports and Documents, Volume 18; Volume 87 by United States Congress, 21 September 1962.

Douglas MacArthur
MacArthur