Mary Ellen Dowd (February 2, 1933 – September 26, 2012) was an American stage, musical theatre and film actress, and singer, whose career spanned half a century. Beginning in Shakespeare roles and films in the 1950s, Dowd continued to perform on stage, film and television into the 21st century. A frequent performer on Broadway in the 1960s, Dowd originated the role of Morgan le Fay in the musical Camelot.

Early life and marriage
Dowd was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of John J. Dowd and Catherine (née O'Conner) Dowd. She moved to Boone, Iowa, with her family in 1945 and attended junior high school and high school there, where she acquired the nickname "Mel", which an agent later turned into M'el. After high school, she studied at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago before moving to New York City.

In 1962, she married Henri G. Eudes, a native of France and restaurateur by vocation. The couple had one son, Richard.

Career
Dowd made her professional debut Off-Broadway in the 1950s and soon appeared on Broadway, most notably originating the role of Morgan le Fay in the long-running musical Camelot. Other Broadway appearances included Back to Methuselah (1958), Everything in the Garden (1967–68), Tiger at the Gates (1968), Dear World (1969), Not Now, Darling (1970) and Ambassador (1972), among others. She also played in regional theatre and in more Off-Broadway roles, winning acclaim as Katherine of Aragon in The Royal Gambit.

From 1956 (in The Wrong Man with Henry Fonda) to 2005, she appeared in films, TV movies and guest spots on TV episodes, including Man on Fire with Bing Crosby in 1957, the 1986 film F/X as Joyce Lehman, and in the 1977 TV movie The Prince of Homburg, starring Frank Langella.

Dowd also helped her husband in the restaurant business and continued to act until at least 2005, when she appeared in a guest role on the TV show Law & Order. The New York Daily News wrote in 2001 that she played Mme. Armfeldt in A Little Night Music "deliciously". In Goodspeed Musicals' 2003 production of Me and My Girl, according to Variety, "Dowd ... is the cement that holds this production together."

Death
She died on September 26, 2012, at her home in Tarrytown, New York, aged 79.

Selected stage roles
Macbeth – Lady Macbeth (1955; Off-Broadway, Jan Hus Theatre, NYC)
A Midsummer Night's Dream – Titania, (1956; Jan Hus Theatre, NYC)
Romeo and Juliet – Lady Capulet (1956; Jan Hus Theatre, NYC)
Julius Caesar – Portia (1957; Jan Hus Theatre, NYC)
Back to Methuselah – Lilith (1958; Ambassador Theatre and national tour)
Sweet Bird of Youth – Understudy for Princess Kosmonopolis (1959–60; Martin Beck Theatre)
Camelot – Morgan Le Fey (1960–63)
A Case of Libel – Anita Corcoran (1963–64; Longacre Theatre)
The Right Honourable Gentleman – Mrs. Emilia Pattison (1965–66; Billy Rose Theatre, nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play)
The Sound of Music – Elsa Schraeder (1967; City Center Theatre)
Heartbreak House – Hesione Hushabye (1967; Arena Stage, Washington, DC)
Everything in the Garden – Louise (1967–68; Plymouth Theatre)
Tiger at the Gates – Andromache (1968; Vivian Beaumont Theater)
Dear World – Countess Aurelia (1969; Mark Hellinger Theatre)
Not Now, Darling – Maude Bodley (1970; Brooks Atkinson Theatre)
Ambassador – Amelia Newsome (1972; Lunt-Fontanne Theatre)
The Night of the Iguana – Frau Fahrenkopf (1985; Morris Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore, MD)
A Little Night Music – Madame Armfeldt (2001; Goodspeed Musicals)
Me and My Girl - Maria, Duchess of Dene (2003; Goodspeed Musicals)

Film and TV roles
The Wrong Man – Miss O'Connor (Warner Bros., 1956)
The Adventures of Jim Bowie – Nun in "The Bounty Hunter" (1957)
This Could Be the Night - Mrs. Flint (MGM, 1957)
Man on Fire – Rita (MGM, 1957)
Flipper – Amy Field in "City Boy" (1964)
The Best of Everything – Kate Farrow (1970)
The 300 Year Weekend – Carole (Cinerama, 1971)
The Adams Chronicles (1975 mini-series)
The Prince of Homburg (1977)
F/X (1986) – Joyce Lehman
Murder, She Wrote - Sister Margaret-Mary in "Old Habits Die Hard" (1987)
See You in the Morning (1989) – Real Estate Lady
Third Watch "Black and Blue" (2004)
Law & Order – Mrs. Haiduk in "License to Kill" (2005)

Notes

External links
 Sprague, Arthur Colby. "Shakespeare on the New York Stage, 1955-1956" in Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Autumn, 1956), pp. 393–98
 References to M'el Dowd, nytimes.com; accessed March 30, 2014.
 New York Times filmography for M'el Dowd; accessed May 4, 2014.

1933 births
2012 deaths
Actresses from Iowa
American women singers
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American television actresses
American Shakespearean actresses
American stage actresses
People from Boone, Iowa


The Academy of European Law (known by the German acronym ERA for “Europäische Rechtsakademie”) is an international centre for training and debate for lawyers. A public foundation based in Trier, Germany, its objective is to promote the awareness, understanding and good practice of European law.

Profile
ERA's goal is to enable legal practitioners to gain a deeper knowledge of the diverse aspects of European law through conferences, seminars, study visits, language courses and e-learning projects, many of them multilingual. Attendees at the events, taking place at the Academy's conference centre in Trier, in Brussels and other European cities, include judges, prosecutors, lawyers in private practice, notaries, in-house counsel, law enforcement officers, lawyers in public administration and other legal practitioners. The Academy also provides a forum for the discussion of proposals and developments of legal policy at the European level and thus contributes to the creation of a pan-European public sphere.

History
The Academy's genesis was closely associated with the accelerating pace of European integration and the completion of the internal market. In 1990, the European Parliament recommended that the European Commission invest in a centre for the continuing education of lawyers in order to improve the consistent application of European law. In 1991 the Parliament endorsed a proposal drawn up by a number of MEPs and politicians from Luxembourg and the German Land of Rhineland-Palatinate to establish an Academy of European Law in Trier, Germany, close to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The Academy was set up in 1992 as a public foundation. The founding patrons were the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate and the City of Trier. They were soon joined by the other German Länder, the federal state of Germany and, from 2000 on, by other Member States of the European Union. Today, all 28 EU Member States are patrons of the Academy.

Structure and governance
The Academy's training events are designed and implemented by an international team of lawyers divided into four sections: European private law, European business law, European criminal law and European public law. Speakers are drawn from a Europe-wide network of experts, leading professionals and lawmakers. Besides revenue from its conferences, publications and interest on foundation capital, a significant share of the Academy's budget is made up of support from the European Union and the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Former European Commission president Jacques Santer is the president of the Academy's Governing Board, which is responsible for fundamental policy decisions and approval of the budget. Pauliine Koskelo, Judge at the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, is chairwoman of its Board of Trustees. The Academy's director is Jean-Philippe Rageade.

Activities and publications
ERA publishes the quarterly legal journal ERA Forum in cooperation with Springer Science+Business Media.

External links

References

European Union law research institutes
International universities
Law schools in Germany
Legal organisations based in Germany


WINQ (1490 kHz; "WINK Country") is an AM radio station licensed to serve Brattleboro, Vermont. The station is owned by Saga Communications and licensed to Saga Communications of New England, LLC; it operates as part of its Monadnock Broadcasting Group. WINQ simulcasts the country music programming of Keene, New Hampshire, sister station WINQ-FM.

The station had previously been assigned the WKVT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.

WKVT was part of a network of progressive talk stations throughout the northeastern United States that are owned by Saga Communications (others including WNYY in Ithaca, New York, WHMP in Northampton, Massachusetts, WHNP in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts, and WHMQ in Greenfield, Massachusetts); these, in turn, were among the last progressive talk stations still on the air in early 2017. Because of the migration of most progressive talk shows to off-air platforms, Saga announced plans to begin dropping the format in February 2017; WNYY was the first to change, followed by WHNP, with most of the other stations in the network likely to follow.

On May 30, 2018, WKVT dropped its syndicated programming, including Stephanie Miller and Thom Hartmann, and began to carry the country music programming of Keene-based WINQ; WKVT's local morning drive time program, Green Mountain Mornings, was retained following the format change. The station changed its call sign to WINQ on June 19, 2018. Green Mountain Mornings, which was hosted by Olga Peters, was cancelled in December 2018.

Translators
In addition to the main station, WINQ is relayed by an FM translator.

Until December 2018, WINQ was heard on FM translator W262CL (100.3 FM). This translator was converted to a soft adult contemporary station, fed via the HD2 channel of WKVT-FM (which is, in turn, a simulcast of the HD2 channel of WKNE), after WINQ signed on a new translator, W295CO (106.9 FM); this translator was obtained in an FCC filing window that requires W295CO to permanently be associated with WINQ.

References

External links

Monadnock Broadcasting Group

INQ (AM)
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1959
1959 establishments in Vermont


Yulia Merkulova () (born 17 February 1984) is a Russian volleyball player, who was born in Lipetsk. Standing at 202 cm, she plays as a middle blocker. She was part of the Russia women's national volleyball team at the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.  At club level, she plays for Dinamo Krasnodar.

Awards

Club
 2012–13 CEV Women's Challenge Cup -   Champion, with Dinamo Krasnodar

See also
 List of tall women

References

External links
Profile on FIVB website

1984 births
Living people
Russian women's volleyball players
Sportspeople from Lipetsk
Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic volleyball players for Russia
Volleyball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics


Swiss is an unincorporated community in western Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. Its elevation is .

Swiss is situated on the northern bank of the Gauley River, which also is border with Fayette County. The town is served by West Virginia Route 39.

History

Swiss is located along Gauley River about ten miles upstream  from Gauley Bridge and near the Southwest edge of Nicholas County. The Indians called Gauley River "Toki-biloki" falling creek.  James Simms settled near Swiss about 1830.  He brought with him a slave named Black Isaac. Isaac bought his freedom by making "gunwalen" on Sundays.  He floated them down river to Kanawha Falls and sold them for $20 per set.  After becoming free he purchased  small property parcels in the area.  He died circa 1880 on what became the Emil Scholl place during the 1930-1980 era.

Early land transfers included, in 1867, Henry Riggs conveying to Franklin P. Simms 125 acres of land near the mouth of Little Elk.  In 1875, this tract was conveyed to William Simms and subsequently to Moletis Simms. In 1890, Robert M Hill conveyed 27.5 acres to John H Kunz, located one mile upriver from Little Elk Creek.  In the same year, George Kincaid conveyed 27.5 acres that adjoined the Hill property to John H Kunz.  In 2017, this land continues to be owned by Kun(t)z heirs.

The growth of the community and the tiresome trip to the Belva Post Office caused a request for a new Post Office to be submitted.  They needed to submit three possible name choices and only had two.  John Kunz joined the group and they jokingly said we will also submit "Swiss", because Kunz, who was an immigrant from Switzerland, always used that word after his name to distinguish from the Koontz (German) family at Kessler Cross Lane that also used the Belva Post Office. The Post Office Department chose the name "Swiss".   Swiss received its name and Post Office in either 1904 [2] or 1908 [3].

Circa 1903, the Flynn Lumber Company bought several thousand acres of virgin timber on and around Swiss.  They installed a major sawmill, a railroad, a company store and everything to facilitate the harvest of vast amounts of timber extending to Peter's Creek. The sawmill and company store were located about one-quarter mile up Little Elk Creek from Gauley River.  This was also the terminus of the Kanawha and West Virginia Railroad from Charleston.  The company store also served as ticket office, freight depot, and Post Office.  Circa 1923, The Morgan Lumber Company leased land and the use of the Flynn Lumber Company railroad and harvested timber to meet their needs.  Their small sawmill was located near the Flynn company store and the sawed lumber was transported to their Charleston Factory.[2]

The New York Central Railroad bought out the Kanawha and West Virginia Railroad and began passenger and freight service from Columbus, Ohio to Swiss.  Several early coal mines operated; however, they failed to flourish as did several a short distance from Swiss. The Chesapeake and Ohio and the New York Central Railroads joined to form the Nicholas, Fayette, & Greenbrier Railroad (NF&G RR), which built a line from Swiss up river and thru Fayette and Greenbrier Counties to transport the coal and timber from those areas to Swiss and beyond.[2]The Flynn Lumber Company store burned during the period 1939-1941  and was not replaced.[3] Walter Simms, the Postmaster at that time, built a small concrete building just south of the intersection of Rt 39 and River Road. That became the location of the post office for many years.[2]

The first grist mill to grind wheat to flour, corn to corn meal, and other grains was at Kanawha Falls.  Later, one of the Morris family built a mill near what is now Beech Glen.  In 1890, John H. Kunz built and ran a water powered grist mill along Laurel Creek, approximately two miles from Swiss.  It burned circa 1910.[2]

The first church in Nicholas County was built in 1824 and was near the present Simms Methodist Church.  It was a meeting house for all people and denominations, who came from thirty miles in each direction across mountains and down valleys to worship.  Services were held about once a month in summer and once each three months in the winter.  This church burned before the Civil War.  In 1867, another meeting house was built Up Little Elk near the school. This building burned.  Later, a hall was built near the railroad station and school that was used for all community gatherings and religious services by Baptist, Methodist, Southern Methodist, and Presbyterian.  In 1922, Moletist Simms gave land for a Methodist Church. The new building, with a 300 seating capacity opened in 1923 and remains active in 2017.  A basement was constructed in 1928.[2]

Little Elk Creek, that traverses Swiss, was named by James Simms. Some of his friends lived on Elk River and when they visited James Simms they urged him to move over near their home.  Simms said "Well sir, there is a creek near where I live with plenty of  redbud and other flowers.  I will just call it Little Elk and then I will not need to move." [2]

References
3.  KUNZ FROM PIETERLEN,  David Kuntz  2015

4. Personal recollection, David Kuntz (1930-)

Unincorporated communities in Nicholas County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Coal towns in West Virginia


International Public Television Screening Conference (INPUT) is an international public television organization dedicated to television as public service and in the public interest. INPUT is dedicated to promoting access to the most honest, innovative, provocative, courageous, and challenging broadcasting as a universal fundamental human right.

History

Since 1977, INPUT annually holds an important and influential international television screening conference. Held in a different country each year, the conference encourages the development of public service television by screening and debating the most outstanding programs from around the world.

INPUT also organizes many other activities throughout the year in dozens of countries. In doing so, it provides a unique professional development opportunity for producers, directors, writers and all those — including independent producers — who contribute to public television throughout the world.

INPUT exists to encourage the highest quality television programming worldwide, to support television as a service to the public, to promote discussion and debate about the television craft, and to serve as a global meeting point for those who make television. It recognizes television’s potential to promote better understanding among the world’s different cultures.

INPUT is a voluntary organization, supported by conference registration fees, public television organizations, individuals, and various institutions, agencies, and foundations. The idea for INPUT took shape during a seminar hosted by the Rockefeller Foundation in Bellagio, Italy in May 1977.

National Coordinators are responsible for submitting productions within a set quota to the international selection. At the international selection, a group of television professionals (called Shopstewards) make a selection of productions that are screened within the conference programme. The programmes are screened in themed sessions. The themed sessions consist of several productions of different genre's.

INPUT is supported by an International Advisory Board, consisting of public service broadcasters from around the world. The Associate Members of INPUT support the organisation of INPUT.

Since 2009, INPUT is headed by an International Assembly, consisting of individuals and organisations who pay an annual fee/registration for the conference, and have been to a set amount of INPUT Conferences in the past.
The International Assembly oversees the work of the International Board - approx. 20 people from around the world. The International Board appoints the National Coordinators. The National Coordinators suggest Shopstewards to the Board.

Six Programme Hubs  keep copies of the programmes screened at the past three conferences, and also helps with the organizing of Mini-INPUTs and Best of INPUTs, which are educational events where the programmes are shown across the world to participants that could not make it to the conference.

INPUT Archive at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Library (Barcelona)
The Universitat Pompeu Fabra Library (Barcelona) hosts the INPUT Archive , and keeps copies of all productions that have been screened at INPUT.

The INPUT Archive was created in 1994, as a result of the agreement signed on 20 May 1994 between UPF and INPUT. The Archive has a collection of the programs (in VHS, Betacam and DVD format) screened at the annual conferences of INPUT, and documents associated with the organization of these conferenciers, which can be searched through the library catalog. The Archive has a complete collection from 1994 onwards. The collection is not complete for previous conferences, although the Archive do try to get hold of the missing tapes. This documentary collection has been stored and available for consultation by those engaged in the study of television since 1994 at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Library, at the Poblenou Campus Library.

There is also available a database including information about more than 3500 programs screened since 1978, first year of the INPUT conferences. This database is an online version of the information included in the printed catalogs of the annual conferences, usually known as "INPUT Bibles".

See also
Public television
PBS

Footnotes

External links

Official site
INPUT Organisation
INPUT History
INPUT Archive of Screened Programmes
Goethe-Institute

Television organizations
Organizations established in 1977


Christianity is the dominant religion in El Salvador. The Catholic share of the population is on decline while Protestantism is experiencing rapid growth in recent decades. The Spanish Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado named part of the territory of modern day El Salvador after Jesus Christ - San Salvador (lit. "Holy Savior"). The territory's name, including the province of San Miguel, was later extended to the  (), shortened to the Republic of El Salvador, or Salvador, during the post-Federal Republic period and subsequently settled on as .

El Salvador is a secular country and the freedom of religion is enshrined in the nation's constitution. However, the constitution grants automatic official recognition to the Catholic Church and requires other religious groups to apply for official recognition through registration.

Religious affiliation

According to the World Religion Database 2020, 96.68% of the population has a Christian background and 2.57% is non-religious (atheist or agnostic); 0.57% follow ethnic religions.

There is some debate about percentages. The Institute of Public Opinion of the University of Central America in May 2017 found 47.5% of the population as Catholics, and 35.1% as Protestant, 14.5% as not having a religion and the remainder (about  3%) being  Jehovah's Witnesses, International Society of Krishna Consciousness, Muslims, Jews, Baháʼís, Buddhists, Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and members of indigenous religions.  However, Latinobarómetro in 2017 found 39% were Catholic, 28% Protestant, 30% atheist/agnostic/not religious, 2% other religions, and 1% did not answer.  It also found in 1996 that 67% of the population considered themselves Catholic and 15% Protestant.

Protestant denominations
Mision Cristiana Elim Internacional is a large pentecostal denomination started in El Salvador.  It claims that its main church in San Salvador has 120,000 attending.  The Assemblies of God claim 285,226 members (2007).

The Mormons claim 120,317 people in 164 congregations and 1 temple (2015) which if correct would be just under 2% of the population.  An IUDOP study in 2009 found that Mormons were 2% of the Protestants they surveyed or about .8% of the total population. They started evangelizing in El Salvador in 1951.

The Anglican Church in El Salvador (a diocese of the province of the Anglican Church in Central America) claims 6,000 members in 18 congregations.  The Baptist Association of El Salvador claims 4,427 members and the Salvadorean Lutheran Synod about 15,000 in 68 congregations.

Religious freedom
The constitution of El Salvador provides for the freedom of religion and prohibits religious discrimination. Publicly offending others' religious beliefs or damaging religious objects is punishable by imprisonment. Members of the clergy may not hold senior government positions, and are forbidden from joining political parties.

Religious groups may register with the government for the purposes of tax-exemption and acquiring building permits. Special visas are required for individuals who wish to travel to El Salvador to engage in proselytizing.

Public school education is secular. Private schools may include religious content in their curricula, but do not receive government support. Since 2016, clergy have limited access to prisons, due to concerns that some members of the clergy were using prison visits to smuggle items into prisons.

In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom by Freedom House, a US government funded think tank.

Churches of El Salvador

See also
 Demographics of El Salvador
 Catholic Church in El Salvador
 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in El Salvador
 Islam in El Salvador
 Judaism in El Salvador

References

CIA.gov

Further reading
 Stephen Offutt, New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2015) focuses on El Salvador and South Africa. online review

External links


The huge moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Ufeus
Ugana
Ugia
Ugiodes
Ulochlaena
Ulolonche
Ulosyneda
Ulotrichopus
Uncula
Uniptena
Uniramodes
Uollega
Upothenia
Uracontia
Uripao
Ursogastra
Usbeca
Uzinia
Uzomathis

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuid genera U


Swiss is a populated place in the Cane River Township of Yancey County, North Carolina, United States. Its elevation is .

References

Unincorporated communities in Yancey County, North Carolina


The W.A. Heritage Trails Network is a network of heritage trails and places in Western Australia that was initially funded by the Australian Commonwealth/State Bicentennial Commemorative Program for the 1988 Australian Bicentenary. In many cases local communities and councils collaborated with the National Trust of Australia (WA) to research and develop local trails.

The production of signage and literature for the 1988 celebrations set significant standards for heritage identification for the state of Western Australia.

The network was overseen by the W.A. Heritage Committee at the time; the committee became the Heritage Council of Western Australia.

The trails included walk trails, and others that spanned distances requiring a vehicle to traverse.

The trails were grouped into regions - South Metropolitan and North Metropolitan in Perth, Midlands (including parts of the Wheatbelt region), South West and other regions of Western Australia.

Trails
 Albany Heritage Trail - titled First settlement Heritage Trail
 Arthur Head Heritage Trail (Fremantle)
 Augusta-Busselton Heritage Trail
 Broome Heritage Trail
 Guildford to York Heritage Trail
 Moora Heritage Trail
 New Norcia Heritage Trail
 Perth
 Central Perth Heritage Trail
 East Perth Heritage Trail
 Northbridge Heritage Trail
 West Perth Heritage Trail
 South coast Heritage Trail
 Subiaco Heritage Trail
 Swan River Heritage Trail
 Swan Valley Heritage Trail
 Toodyay Pioneer Heritage Trail
 Yarloop Heritage Trail
 York Heritage Trail
 York to Goldfields Heritage Trail

See also
 List of heritage buildings in Perth, Western Australia

References

1988 establishments in Australia
Heritage trails in Western Australia
Australian bicentennial commemorations


Pont Saint-Michel is a bridge linking the Place Saint-Michel on the left bank of the river Seine to the Île de la Cité. It was named after the nearby chapel of Saint-Michel.  It is near Sainte Chapelle and the Palais de Justice. The present 62-metre-long bridge dates to 1857.

History
First constructed in 1378, it has been rebuilt several times, most recently in 1857.

The medieval bridge
The construction of a stone bridge was decided upon in 1378 by the Parlement de Paris after an accord with the chapter of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, the provost of Paris, and the city's merchants.  A location downstream of Petit-Pont was chosen, on the line of Rue Saint-Denis, from the Grand-Pont on the right bank and of Rue de la Harpe on the left bank.  This allowed for a direct route across Île de la Cité.

The provost, Hugues Aubriot, was charged with overseeing the project, which was funded by the king.  Construction lasted from 1379 to 1387.  Once complete, the Parisians named the bridge Pont-Neuf (New Bridge, but it should not be confused with the present-day Pont-Neuf), Petit-Pont-Neuf (Little New Bridge) or Pont Saint-Michel dit le Pont-Neuf (St. Michael's Bridge, known as the 'New' Bridge).

As was common in the Middle Ages, the bridge's sides were quickly filled with houses. During the 1407–1408 winter, one of the longest and most severe known in the Middle Ages, ice carried by the frozen Seine hit the bridge, causing it to collapse, together with its houses. Due to France's difficulties in the Hundred Years' War, the bridge was immediately rebuilt in wood.  This material proved less resistant than the previous stone bridge and the Parlement of Paris decided in 1444 to allocate all money raised from fines to building a new stone bridge on the site.

The appearance of this second bridge is known from one miniature painting in the Hours of Étienne Chevalier, painted by Jean Fouquet.  This shows a bridge resting on high wooden piers, as well as wattle-and-daub or wood-and- plaster houses with a single level roofline along the whole length of the bridge.

The Renaissance bridge

A replacement bridge was built at the same time the Pont Marie was under construction.  Owned by the king, it was more substantial than the Pont Marie and never ran into the kind of structural troubles both the Pont Marie and the Pont Neuf encountered.

The work started in 1617 and was completed in 1623, using foundations similar to the ones used in the Rialto Bridge and the Pont des Boucheries.  These foundations used wooden piles topped by a wooden platform over which the specifications required lower stone courses of  to  long by  to  thick.

Built with four spans in the form of circular arcs, the roadway sloped up to the center of the bridge with a grade of over 6%.  The two larger spans were approximately  long, while the two shorter spans, on either side, were approximately  long.  The widest of the old Paris bridges, it was designed to hold two rows of houses.  An order was issued in 1786 to remove all houses from Paris bridges, but the ones on this bridge remained until 1808.

The modern bridge

The present 62-metre-long bridge dates to 1857, requiring only seven months for construction, from the date the older bridge was closed to traffic, and was designed on three 17.2m arches by Paul-Martin Gallocher de Lagalisserie and Paul Vaudrey. It was the site of many of the killings of protesters by the police, in the Paris massacre of 1961, and a commemoration plaque on the bridge was unveiled by the mayor of Paris in 2001.

Location

The entrances to two underground stations are located next to the bridge in Place Saint-Michel. Saint-Michel is on line 4 of the Paris Métro, whilst Saint-Michel-Notre-Dame is on line B and line C of the Paris Réseau Express Régional (RER).

Gallery

Bibliography
  P. Lorentz et D. Sandron, Atlas de Paris au Moyen Âge, Paris, 2006, Parigramme.

References

External links

  Mairie de Paris site
  Structurae
 Satellite view on Google Map
  (1378–1387)
  (1416)
  (1549)
  (1618–1624)
  (current)

Saint-Michel
Saint-Michel
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 4th arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris
Buildings and structures in the 6th arrondissement of Paris
1857 establishments in France


Boismont () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D3 road, some  northwest of Abbeville and close to the estuary of the river Somme.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


WFAD (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Middlebury, Vermont, United States. The station is owned by Christian Ministries Inc. and is part of The Light, a network of six FM stations and one AM station, as well as five associated FM translators, carrying a Christian radio format.

History

On the air, off and on again
Frank Alvin Delle, Jr., and Donald G. Fisher were initially granted on April 20, 1966, a construction permit for a new 1,000-watt radio station on 1490 kHz in Middlebury, for which they had filed more than four years prior. The station signed on shortly before noon on July 22, 1966, airing a full-service format and became affiliated with CBS. The studio facilities were so small that the Associated Press teletype machine was in the bathroom.

Almost immediately after the station opened, however, a legal problem emerged. WIPS, a radio station on 1250 kHz at Ticonderoga, New York, appealed the grant of the permit to Delle and Fisher. WIPS claimed that the new competitor would cause economic harm and make their business economically unviable, and on a 2–1 vote by a three-judge panel, they won a restraining order from the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on August 3. The ruling raised the likelihood that an order would force the brand-new station off the air; WFAD continued to broadcast until it received a telegram from the Federal Communications Commission at 2:35 p.m. on August 5, instructing it to cease operations.

WFAD launched a legal and public opinion campaign to allow the station to go forward, which included a petition signed by 5,000 residents of Addison County. The appeals court found in favor of WFAD and upheld the commission's grant of a construction permit on December 13. The court's action enabled WFAD to return to the air on Christmas Day.

Brady, Straus and Brady
Fisher, a 45 percent stockholder in licensee The Voice of Middlebury, Inc., sold his stake to Delle in 1970. After the sale, Delle told people that the WFAD call letters, which had initially been for "Frank and Don", instead represented his initials. Three years later, Addison Broadcasting, owned by Mark Brady and Timothy Buskey, acquired WFAD for $150,000; Buskey would sell his stake to Brady in 1976. Under Brady-Buskey ownership, WFAD launched an FM sister station, oldies-formatted WCVM (100.9 FM), on April 2, 1975, and moved to larger studio quarters. Also during this time, in the late 1970s, Jim Douglas, a Vermont state legislator, would join the WFAD announcing staff, working at the station to supplement his legislative salary; he would be elected Governor of Vermont in 2002, serving for eight years. New studios on U.S. Route 7 were completed in 1983.

After 14 years, the Brady family sold WFAD and WCVM to Straus Communications of New York City for $1.1 million. Straus made a series of decisions that alienated listeners of WFAD and WCVM, capped by a 1990 format flip to a country simulcast on both frequencies; in part due to a downturn in the Vermont economy, and despite reversing the earlier format change and restoring an adult contemporary music format on WFAD, both stations would go silent on December 6, 1990, at which time the Bradys reacquired the pair. As they had bought another FM outlet, WMNM of Port Henry, New York, they could not retain WCVM, which they put up for sale.

In its second stint as a Brady-owned station, WFAD became increasingly talk-oriented, airing The Rush Limbaugh Show and a local program, The Talk of Vermont, hosted by Timothy Philbin, a Republican politician who had lost in two elections to the House of Representatives. In 1993, Brady put the station on the market; 18 months later, there were still no bidders. After a $925,000 deal to sell WFAD and WMNM to Pathfinder Communications of Connecticut collapsed, at the start of 1997, the Bradys' Pro-Radio Inc., and Dynamite Radio Inc, which owned WGTK (the former WCVM), filed for bankruptcy. Ultimately, the WFAD license was sold to Kate Shermer and her husband, WPTZ-TV meteorologist Tom Messner, while Dynamite Radio operated the station and consolidated its facilities with WGTK.

The Talk of Vermont in particular grew in the late 1990s, when it was hosted by Jeff Kaufman; three additional stations in the state signed up to carry the show, and Kaufman also hosted a weekly show of the same name on Vermont Public Television. Kaufman resigned from the program in 2000 to pursue opportunities in California.

Northeast Broadcasting ownership
WFAD was sold in 2001 to Addison Broadcasting Company, owned by Steve Silverberg, for $180,000. Northeast Broadcasting, the parent of Addison, also acquired other stations, consolidating their operations in Middlebury; by 2002, the station aired an oldies format. It changed formats again, this time to sports, in 2005; WFAD had already aired local high school and college sports and was the longtime market home of Boston Red Sox broadcasts. In 2014, the station was reported to carry the "Today's Comedy" format.

On December 15, 2014, WFAD went silent due to the need to replace parts on its aging transmitter.

In February 2016, Northeast Broadcasting acquired several translators from Vermont Public Radio, one of which would be used to give WFAD an FM signal. On December 22, 2016, WFAD returned to the air—this time with the translator operating, as a simulcast of sister station WIXM (102.3 FM) in the Burlington–Plattsburgh area. For a time in 2020, the station went silent as part of the replacement of its AM broadcasting tower. By 2022, WFAD had shifted to carrying The Point, Northeast Broadcasting's network of adult album alternative radio stations in Vermont.

Christian Ministries
In December 2022, Northeast Broadcasting filed to sell WFAD and W266CU to Christian Ministries, Inc., for $85,000. The sale was consummated on February 16, 2023, with an expectation that Christian Ministries would soon switch the station to their Christian "The Light Radio Network" format.

Translator

References

External links

FAD
Radio stations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Vermont


Moldovan or Moldovanu is a common surname in Romania and Moldova. It may refer to any of the following:

People named Moldovan
 Aleksandr Mikhailovich Moldovan, Ukrainian and Russian linguist
 Leonte Moldovan, Romanian politician
 Marcela Moldovan-Zsak, Romanian fencer
 Oleg Moldovan, Moldovan sports shooter and Olympic medalist
 Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan, Romanian actor
 Sacha Moldovan, American painter
 Tibor Moldovan, Romanian football player
 Tudor Miclovan (also "Moldovan"), fictional detective
 Valeriu Moldovan, Romanian politician
 Vasile Moldovan, ethnic Romanian revolutionary in Transylvania
 Viorel Moldovan, Romanian football player

People named Moldovanu
 Benny Moldovanu, German economist
 Corneliu Moldovanu, Romanian poet
 Mihail Moldovanu, Moldovan politician

See also
Moldoveanu (surname)

Surnames of Moldovan origin
Romanian-language surnames
Ethnonymic surnames

tr:Moldovan


El Cielo Rojo is a 2008 independent film from Costa Rica. Written and directed by Miguel Alejandro Gomez, the film stars Allan Obando (Roberto), Mauricio Dapena (Berny), Ricardo Rodriguez (Manuel), and Edgar Roman (Nestor).

The film was shot in the Costa Rican provinces of San José, Puntarenas, Guanacaste, and Alajuela; It was shot in 21 days through January 2007 and was released in early August 2008. The film is a character-driven drama, with a heavy dose of comedy, and could be classified as both a coming-of-age story with political undertones and an art-house film.

Synopsis
Bernie, Manuel, and Nestor just graduated from high school, and have no plans for the future. Unsatisfied with the opportunities Costa Rica presents, the boys decide to concentrate on mundane activities. However, over the course of a few days, key events in the boys' personal lives conspire to make a disinterested lifestyle difficult.

After a break-up with his girlfriend, Bernie reconsiders going to college, in hopes of repairing his relationship. In the midst of an identity crisis brought on by concerned adults, Manuel tries to survive mental confusion.

Bound by revolutionary spirit, the friends must handle their internal conflicts individually and as a group.

Production
El cielo rojo was filmed in several provinces of Costa Rica: San José, Puntarenas, Guanacaste and Alajuela; filming took 21 days in January 2007 and was released in early August 2008.

See also
El Fin, a 2012 Gomez film

References

External links

2008 films
2000s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
2008 independent films
Costa Rican comedy-drama films
Films set in Costa Rica
Films shot in Costa Rica


The Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy is a 1960 OECD Convention on liability and compensation for damage caused by accidents occurring while producing nuclear energy. The convention entered into force on 1 April 1968 and has been amended by protocols in 1964, 1982, and 2004. The convention, as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols have 16 parties. The 2004 protocol has not entered into force. Austria and Luxembourg signed the convention but have not ratified it. Switzerland deposited its instruments of ratification for the convention as amended by the 2004 protocol. The convention will entered into force for this country when the 2004 protocol entered into force in 2022.

The convention:
 Limits liability to a certain amount and limit the period for making claims;
 Require insurance or other surety by operators;
 Channels liability exclusively to the operator of the nuclear installation;
 Impose strict liability on the nuclear operator, regardless of fault, but subject to exceptions.
 Grants exclusive jurisdiction to the courts of one country, normally the country in whose territory the incident occurs

Parties
A list of Parties to the convention (as amended by the 1964 and 1982 protocols), the 2004 protocol, as well as the Brussels protocol and the Joint protocol is shown below:

Notes

See also
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
Cost of electricity by source

References

External links
"Paris Convention on Nuclear Third Party Liability", oecd-nea.org.
Text.
Ratifications.
NEA Issue Brief: International nuclear third party liability, An analysis of principal nuclear issues, No. 4 - 1st revision, November 1993.

Nuclear liability
Energy treaties
1960 in France
Treaties concluded in 1960
Treaties entered into force in 1968
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of France
Treaties of West Germany
Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of Francoist Spain
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Nuclear technology treaties
Treaties extended to Greenland
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
OECD treaties
Liability treaties
Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
Treaties extended to French Comoros
Treaties extended to French Somaliland
Treaties extended to French Guiana
Treaties extended to French Polynesia
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
Treaties extended to Martinique
Treaties extended to Mayotte
Treaties extended to Réunion
Treaties extended to New Caledonia
Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands


The Archdiocese of Rossano–Cariati () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Calabria that has existed since 597, beginning as the Diocese of Rossano. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano.

History
In 597, the Diocese of Rossano was established from the former Diocese of Thurio. The first known bishop of this see is Valerianus, Bishop of the "Ecclesia Rosana" in the Roman Council of 680.

The Oratory of San Marco in Rossano was built in the 10th century by St. Nilus the Younger as a place of retirement for nearby eremite monks and is one of the most important testimonies to Byzantine art in Italy. In 982 Emperor Otto II captured Rossano temporarily from the Byzantines, who had made it the capital of their possessions in Southern Italy. It preserved its Greek character long after its conquest by the Normans.

The Cattedrale di Maria Santissima Achiropita is the seat of the Archbishop of Rossano-Cariati. Built in the 11th century, it houses an ancient image of the Madonna Acheropita, an image of the Madonna and Child dated to somewhere between about 580 and the first half of the 8th century. The Co-Cathedral of the Archangel Michael in located in Cariati.

In 1460, the Diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese.

On Juni 27, 1818, with the bull De utiliori of Pope Pius VII, the dioceses of Cerenzia, Strongoli and Umbriatico were incorporated in the Diocese of Cariati.

The famous Codex Rossanensis was discovered in 1879 in the Rossano cathedral sacristy.

On February 13, 1919, the Diocese had territory transferred to create the Eparchy of Lungro for the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church. On April 4, 1979, the Archdiocese was merged with the Diocese of Cariati to become the Archdiocese of Rossano e Cariati. On September 9, 1986, the Archdiocese was renamed to Archdiocese of Rossano–Cariati On January 30, 2001, the Archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano was elevated to a Metropolitan See with Rossano-Cariati as a suffragan diocese.

Inspired by Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato si', the nuns of the Convent of Saint Augustine in Rossano developed in conjunction with ten sponsoring organizations, the Rossano Garden Park project. They arrived in Rossano in 2009 from Eremo di Lecceto in Siena; St. Augustine's is the first convent of Augustinian nuns in Calabria. Experts assisted with the planting of a wide variety of trees, carefully selected and compatible with the altitude, climate, and native flora.

Rite
In the tenth century, or perhaps earlier, the Greek Rite was introduced at Rossano, and continued until the sixteenth century, although two attempts were made to introduce the Latin Rite – once in 1092, and again by Bishop Matteo de' Saraceni in 1460. Priests of the Latin Rite, however, were often appointed bishops. The Greek Rite was maintained especially by the seven Basilian monasteries in the diocese, the most famous of which was Santa Maria in Patiro. In 1571 the Greek Rite was abandoned in the cathedral, and half a century afterwards throughout the city.

Bishops
Among the prominent archbishops were:

Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca (1519–1524), architect of the colonization of New Spain;
 Vincenzo Pimpinella (1525), nuncio to Germany;
Giovanni Battista Castagna (1553), afterwards Pope Urban VII;
Lucio Sanseverino;
Pier Antonio Spinelli (1628) and Jacopo Carafa (1646), both of whom restored and embellished the cathedral.

Ordinaries

Diocese of Rossano
Latin Name: RossanensisErected: 7th Century

Angelo  (1429–1433 Appointed Archbishop (Personal Title) of Tricarico)
Stefano Carrara (1433–1434 Died)
Antonio Roda (1434–1442 Resigned)
Nicola de Martino (1442–1447 Died)
Giacomo Della Ratta (1447–1451 Appointed, Archbishop of Benevento)
Domenico de Lagonessa, O.S.B. (1452–1459 Died)

Archdiocese of Rossano
Latin Name: RossanensisElevated:  1460

Matteo de Saraceni, O.F.M. (1460–1481 Died)
Nicola Ippoliti (September 5, 1481 – January 13, 1493 Appointed Archbishop (Personal Title) of Città di Castello)
Giovanni Battista Lagni (January 18, 1493 – 1500 Died)
Bernardino López de Carvajal y Sande, Apostolic Administrator (January 10, 1508 – June 20, 1519 Resigned)
Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca (June 20, 1519 – November 12, 1524 Died)
Vincenzo Pimpinella (July 3, 1525 – November 3, 1534 Died)
Francesco Colonna (December 18, 1534 – October 22, 1544 Appointed Archbishop of Taranto)
Girolamo Verallo (November 14, 1544 – 1551 Resigned)
Paolo Emilio Verallo (April 22, 1551 – March 1, 1553 Appointed Archbishop (Personal Title) of Capaccio)
Giovanni Battista Castagna (March 1, 1553 – Jan 1573 Resigned)
Lancillotto Lancellotti (January 23, 1573 – 1580 Died)
Lelio Giordano (November 28, 1580 – 1581 Died)
Silvio Savelli (January 26, 1582 – 1589 Resigned)
Scipione Floccaro (July 17, 1589 – September 26, 1592 Died)
Lucio Sanseverino (December 2, 1592 – November 19, 1612 Appointed Archbishop of Salerno)
Mario Sassi (November 26, 1612 – January 9, 1615 Died)
Girolamo Pignatelli, CR (May 18, 1615 – December 22, 1618 Died)
Ercole Vaccari (February 18, 1619 – July 27, 1624 Died)
Paolo Torelli (October 7, 1624 – 1629 Resigned)
Pietro Antonio Spinelli (May 28, 1629 – December 9, 1645 Died)
Giacomo Carafa (October 18, 1646 – April 7, 1664 Died)
Carlo Spinola, OSM (September 15, 1664 – January 6, 1671 Died)
Angelo della Noca, OSB (March 18, 1671 – December 14, 1675 Resigned)
Girolamo Orsaja, OM (February 24, 1676 – June 13, 1683 Died)
Girolamo Compagnone (February 5, 1685 – November 1, 1687 Died)
Andrea de Rossi, CR (May 31, 1688 – October 30, 1696 Died)
Andrea Deodati, OSB (July 1, 1697 – August 7, 1713 Died)
Francesco Maria Muscettola, CR (December 6, 1717 – April 16, 1738 Resigned)
Stanislao Poliastri (May 21, 1738 – December 30, 1761 Resigned)
Guglelmo Camaldari (March 29, 1762 – April 22, 1778 Died)
Andrea Cardamone (July 20, 1778 – May 29, 1800 Died)
Gaetano Paolo de Miceli, C.P.O. (October 29, 1804 – October 22, 1813 Died)
Carlo Puoti (April 6, 1818 – July 3, 1826 Confirmed Archbishop (Personal Title) of Alife)
Salvatore de Luca (April 9, 1827 – April 28, 1833 Died)
Bruno Maria Tedeschi (April 6, 1835 – January 19, 1843 Died)
Pietro Cilento (July 22, 1844 – March 21, 1885 Died)
Salvatore Palmieri, C.Pp.S. (May 24, 1889 – November 24, 1891 Resigned)
Donato Maria Dell'Olio (December 14, 1891 – February 5, 1898 Appointed Archbishop of Benevento)
Orazio Mazzella (March 24, 1898 – April 14, 1917 Appointed Archbishop of Taranto)
Giovanni Scotti (December 13, 1918 – October 16, 1930 Died)
Domenico Marsiglia (May 28, 1931 – May 20, 1948 Died)
Giovanni Rizzo (January 13, 1949 – November 18, 1971 Retired)
Antonio Cantisani (November 18, 1971 – July 31, 1980 Appointed Archbishop of Catanzaro)

Archdiocese of Rossano e Cariati
Latin Name: Rossanensis et Cariatensis United: April 4, 1979

Serafino Sprovieri (July 31, 1980 – November 25, 1991 Appointed Archbishop of Benevento)
Andrea Cassone (March 26, 1992 – May 6, 2006 Retired)
Santo Marcianò (May 6, 2006 – October 10, 2013 Appointed Archbishop of Italy, Military)
Giuseppe Satriano (July 15, 2014 – October 29, 2020 Appointed Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto)
 Maurizio Aloise (March 20, 2021 – present)

Diocese of Turio
The archdiocese includes the ancient Diocese of Turio (Thurii), a city which arose after the destruction of Sybaris; five of its bishops are known, the first being Giovanni (501) and the last Guglielmo (1170).

See also
Abbazia del Patire

References

External links
 Archdiocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Calabria
Dioceses established in the 6th century


René Lavoie (July 24, 1921 – December 12, 2000) was a Canadian politician from Quebec.

Background

He was born on July 24, 1921, in Disraeli, Chaudière-Appalaches.

Member of the legislature

Lavoie unsuccessfully ran as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1960 election in the district of Wolfe.  He was elected in the 1962 election and was re-elected in the 1966 and 1970 elections.

He served as parliamentary assistant from 1966 to 1970 and as his party's House Whip from 1966 until 1973.  He did not run for re-election in the 1973 election.

Local Politics

Lavoie also served as a school board member in Disraeli from 1964 to 1966.

Death

He died on December 12, 2000.

References

1921 births
2000 deaths
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs


Deactivation may refer to;

Protein denaturation, the process of disrupting the structure of proteins or nucleic acids
Drug metabolism
Sterilization (microbiology), the process of killing or deactivating all life and other biological agents, rendering them unable to cause disease, function, or replicate


is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of April 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 156,860 and a population density of 7,380 persons per km2. The total area was .

Geography
Inage Ward is located in an inland area of northwest Chiba City. The ward is a flat, highly urbanized area of mixed industry and housing.

Surrounding municipalities
Wakaba Ward
Chuo-ku Ward
Mihama Ward
Hanamigawa Ward
Yotsukaidō, Chiba

History
The area of present-day Inage Ward was settled since ancient times. The Inage Sengen Shrine dates to the 9th century. In modern times. Inage was composed of the villages of Tsuga, Kemigawa, Kotegawa and a portion of the town of Chiba in 1889. Kemigawa became a town in 1891. Chiba became a city in 1921. Chiba annexed Tsuga Village and Kemigawa Town in 1937, and Kotegawa in 1954. Inage historically faced Tokyo Bay, and given its proximity to Tokyo, was a popular tourist destination for swimming and clamming. Numerous beach huts were constructed along the Tokyo Bay coast. The ward became landlocked by 1961 after the extensive land reclamation projects were completed along the coast of Tokyo Bay in Chiba Prefecture. As part of the development of Chiba City, numerous planned residential districts were built in Inage after World War II due to the development of the JR East Sōbu and Keisei Chiba lines. The construction of planned housing complexes continues in the ward. With the promotion of Chiba to a designated city, the city gained additional autonomy from the Chiba Prefecture and the central government. Accordingly, on April 1, 1992 Inage Ward was established as an administrative unit.

Economy
Inage Ward is largely a regional commercial center and bedroom community for central Chiba and Tokyo. In the northern part of the ward is .

Transportation

Rail
JR East – Sōbu Line
  -
JR East – Chiba Line
  -
Chiba Urban Monorail – Line 2
 -  -  -

Highways
Higashi-Kantō Expressway
Keiyō Road
Japan National Route 14
Japan National Route 16
Japan National Route 126

Buses
The following public buses are available in the Inage-ku
Keisei Bus
Chiba Nairiku Bus
Chiba City Bus
Chiba Kaihin Kotsu
Asuka Kotsu
Heiwa Kotsu

Education
Inage-ku is home to the main campus of Chiba University. Additionally, Keiai University and Chiba Keizai University are also located in the ward.

Municipal elementary and junior high schools are operated by the Chiba City Board of Education (千葉市教育委員会).

Municipal junior high schools:

 Chigusadai (千草台中学校)
 Inage (稲毛中学校)
 Konakadai (小中台中学校)
 Kusano (草野中学校)
 Midorimachi (緑町中学校)
 Todorokicho (轟町中学校)
 Tsuga (都賀中学校)

Municipal elementary schools:

 Ayamedai (あやめ台小学校)
 Chigusadai (千草台小学校)
 Chigusadai Higashi (千草台東小学校)
 Inagaoka (稲丘小学校)
 Inage (稲毛小学校)
 Kashiwadai (柏台小学校)
 Konakadai (小中台小学校)
 Konakadai Minami (小中台南小学校)
 Kusano (草野小学校)
 Midorimachi (緑町小学校)
 Miyanogi (宮野木小学校)
 Sanno (山王小学校)
 Sonno (園生小学校)
 Todorokicho (轟町小学校)
 Tsuga (都賀小学校)
 Yayoi (弥生小学校)

Festival
The festival of the Inage Sengen Shrine is held annually on July 15. Its kagura, a type of Shinto theatrical dance, is designated a Chiba Prefectural Intangible Treasure.

Noted people from Inage Ward
Ryo Kawashima, professional baseball player
Satoru Yamagishi – professional soccer player
Koki Yonekura – professional soccer player
Yasushi Kanda – professional wrestler

References

Greater Tokyo Area
Wards of Chiba (city)


Bonnay () is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Bonnay is situated on the D23 road, some  northeast of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Bessans is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is located in the valley of Maurienne and crossed by the Arc river. Nestled in the center of a former glacial through,  it is renowned for its large Nordic skiing domain in the winter and for its trekking and mountain climbing opportunities in the Summer. Surrounded by lush fauna and flora, the village is characterised by its rich heritage, where wall paintings, Baroque chapels, engraved stones and artisan sculptors are inextricably linked. The legend of the Devil of Bessans admirably describes the originality of this traditional culture that is still very much alive today.

Geography
Located on the Haute-Maurienne plateau, at an altitude of 1750 meters, the area is known for its sporting activities.  Bessans is located in a valley, ideal for Nordic skiing. Following the collapse of the mountain downstream from Bessans (between 10000 and 3000 years BC), an ice-dammed lake formed.  The successive sedimentary deposits have created the plateau on which Bessans is situated.  The physical characteristics of the site are reinforced by an early and high-quality snow from November to April, and by sunny weather.  These allow the team French Nordic skiing and Biathlon teams, as well as those of other nations to train in Bessans

There are numerous glaciers in the area (Albaron, Deep sea, Large Pareis, Baounet...), and nearby is the highest peak of the Maurienne (Charbonnel, 3752 m),

Climate
Due to its altitude, Bessans features a subarctic climate (Dfc) under the Köppen system. Summers are short but surprisingly warm and sunny, including temperatures above 20 °C during the day while winters are severely cold and very snowy with almost no thawing conditions, even at the best of the day between December and February.

History

Neolithic era

The first traces of the human occupation are found in Haute-Maurienne.  Close to Bessans, on the walls of the Rock of the Castle, one can see cave paintings representing a herd of stags, accompanied by other signs.  Flint arrowheads and other evidence of early settlement were found at the foot of the rock at the time of recent excavations. It is also known that locally mined  serpentinite was used to manufacture axes whose specimens were found with more than  of the site.

Antiquity

The Celts occupied the area.

Middle ages

574: the Merovingian King Gontran annexes Maurienne
10th century: Maurienne is subject to invasion.
11th century: Humbert I found the "House of Savoy".
1376: the church existed already has its current site.

Early modern

1532: the bishop of Maurienne sets up the parish of Bonneval, forming part of the commune of Bessans.
1576: restoration of the church of Bessans.
1578: Shroud of Turin is found in Bessans.
1600: the hamlet of Avérole is carried by an avalanche and is rebuilt with the current site.
1725: the priest of Bessans creates a public school.
1762: Bonneval separates from Bessans and becomes a commune with whole share.
1852: creation of the fair to the cattle which takes place in September.
1860: The annexation of Savoy by France is voted by plebiscite, as Savoy leaves the Kingdom of Sardinia:  "Our hearts goes where our rivers go."

1869: building of a road between Lanslevillard and Bessans passing by the country cottages of the Madeleine and Chalp.
End of the 19th century: 1110 inhabitants in Bessans, including 52 in Vincendières, 69 in Avérole, 30 in Goulaz and 73 in Villaron.

Twentieth century

1920: construction of the refuge of Avérole by the CIF.
1926: restoration of the church.
1937: inauguration of the road of the col de l'Iseran by the President of the Republic Albert Lebrun.
1940: On June 14, part of the population is evacuated.  The Italian troops occupy Bessans and Avérole and plunder the village. Villaron, Goulaz and Bonneval are spared.
1944: the Germans set fire to Bessans, burning 150 houses,
1957: an enormous flood of the Arc River causes major damage in all the valley. The efforts of rebuilding after the war are partly destroyed.
1962: installation of a first ski-lift "Wire snows" on the initiative of the Ponce abbot
1963: creation of the National park of Vanoise.
1972: opening of the center of ski touring "Bessannaise".
1994: end of the restoration of the parish church.

Administration

Mayors

1983-1989 George Personnaz
1977-1983 Victor Personnaz
1971-1977 Maxime Gautier
1958-1971 Albert Cimaz

Architectural heritage

Prehistoric vestiges and ancient neolithic cave paintings with the "Rock of the Castle".

Civil Houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with the roofs of roofing stones. Stones engraved on houses.  This includes external murals from the seventeenth century on the "dead house" (after the novel of Henri Bordeaux carrying this title, and which describes in fictionalized form the life of Bessans in the nineteenth century).  There is also a notable bridge on the Arc River.

The Saint-Anthony Vault
The Saint-Anthony vault forms part of a network of vaults, oratories and cross on the parochial territory of Bessans. It is a rectangular building built on the sandy spur which overhangs the village, parallel to the church. It dates from the beginning of fifteenth century. It was set up and decorated between 1503 and 1522. The principal frontage is protected by a hood which shelters external decoration, of the frescos representing the seven theological virtues followed from the dance from the defects connected by a chain drawn by two demons in direction from the hell. The bell-tower of the vault is assembled on the Western pinion and dominates a roof with double slope in roofing stones. This vault possessed a typical coffered ceiling of the Rebirth with polychrome paintings (1526). On the walls of the vault are forty panels representing the life of Jesus Christ, from the Nativity to Pentecost, in the same style as paintings of the Vault Saint-Sébastien de Lanslevillard.  Painting is all done as frescos, painting with water on fresh mortar.

Saint-Jean-Baptist church
The Saint-Jean-Baptist Church is located near the vault Saint-Anthony, these two buildings being integrated in the "Ways of the Baroque".  It is impossible to determine the date of its construction, but it is certain that it existed already in 1376; it underwent many changes over the centuries.  Like all the churches High-Maurienne, it possessed a closed hall. The vault of this hall is decorated in plaster existing already in 1827 and representing the miracle with the Holy Host in Turin. At the interior of the church, eight arched windows introduce enough light to make it possible to contemplate the vault with medallions. The sight is first of all attracted by the high altar, whose marble is of a Carrara marble white, decorated of a Jean-Baptist Saint on the front, of fine facets and drawings. The steps are with notched edges and, on the gate vault, a slim dome is profiled on four elegant posts. This furnace bridge was carried out in 1858. Four other small furnace bridges are on both sides nave of the church. They are dedicated to Saint Antoine, Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel, Notre-Dame du Rosaire, and Saint Joseph. Inside the church are murals and religious statues carved by local artists. The bell-tower is of an ancient date. Its structure is the same one as that of the towers known as "Sarrasines" that one still finds throughout the valley. It is decorated of four bells

Art
In a country of sculptors, Bessans is rich in popular art as in religious art: wheels and stopper rods, hens with salt, wooden toys, statues, and crosses. The best known sculptor was Jean-Baptist Clappier, of the hamlet of Vincendières, one of the first local artists of the Baroque period.  Among these sculptures is a representation of the devil, the emblem of Bessans, whose origin goes back only to 1857.  This "devil" was created by Etienne Vincendet, known by the and of the 18th century as "of the Saints" because of his talent as an artist.

Devil of Bessans
In 1857, the cantors of Bessans were refused by the local priest their annual meals. By small revenge, Etienne Vincendet, cantor, carved in wood a statuette of a  devil carrying a priest, and left it one evening in front of the door of the presbytery.  The priest suspected the Etienne, and brings object back to place it in front of the house of Vincendet.  The sculpture continued to be moved back and forth for a whole month, until the sculptor relents.  A tourist sees work and bought it.

Etienne Vincendet also carved hundreds of statuettes of Saints and the Holy ones, from which came his nickname of "Etienne of the Saints". His son Pierre François continued the tradition.  Today, the "devil" of Bessans is reproduced on the postal flame of the village and throne on the place of the town hall beside the fountain.

The work "ETIENNE OF the SAINTS, INVENTOR OF the" DEVILS OF BESSANS ", memory of Etienne Vincendet, wood-carver and cantor with the Church of Bessans", of Francis Tracq, éd. the Fountain of Siloé 2006, evokes this sculptor and his works.

Economy

The economy of the area is supported by tourism, sheep farming, cooperative dairy and the manufacture of Tomme and Beaufort.

Events
Artisanal fair: third Sunday of September.
Employers' festival: June 24; communal: August 15.
Pilgrimages: with the vault of Third (3 000 m): July 16; at Notre-Dame-de-Rochemelon(the highest vault of Europe, 3 538 m) August:5.
The Marathon of Bessans in January, competition of mass of ski touring, registered in Euroloppet since 2008
Biathlon, in March
The 2008 Biathlon Summer World Championship
The living creche of Bessans, December 24, with the baby Jesus, the Three Wise Men, performed by more than 50 Bessanais accompanied by the ass, ox, and a goat, performing the oldest texts and songs of Noëls Bessanais (written around 1650). A cave is dug in snow to accommodate Mary, Joseph and the Jesus child.

Tourism

Sport
Bessans's location has allowed the development of sport at all levels both in winter and summer: skiing, alpine skiing, hiking in the valleys of Avérole and Ribon, mountaineering and climbing, dog sledding.

The town appears particularly conducive to the practice of Nordic activities, with an ideal plan for cross country skiing reinforced by sustained investment of the municipality in this activity. Each year in January, to place on Bessans international marathon. Its preferred features and allow cross-country ski the France team and Biathlon teams from different nations to perform in Bessans training camps each season. The town of Bessans has an international biathlon stadium summer / winter.

Ski touring also benefits from particularly favorable natural conditions. The Avérole Valley is a common place for the practice of this activity. Races for all levels are organized.

The ascent of glaciers (Albaron, Grand Fond, Big Pareis, the Baounet ...), opportunities for loops, the discovery of the highest peak in the Maurienne (the Charbonnel, 3752 m), the Glacier Evettes or Ribon Valley offer multiple opportunities for sporting scenery.

Rock climbing: rock of Barmette; rock school of Drailles White; Black cliff of Balme.

Ski resort
2 200 m at the top of the tracks;  of alpine ski pistes;  of ski touring.

Other activities
Guided tours of the chapels and church
Fishing, hunting
Botany and fauna marked trail
Nature walks
Camping

See also
Communes of the Savoie department

References

Communes of Savoie
Ski resorts in France


is a Japanese automotive engineer and designer responsible for the design of the first generation Lexus IS F.  Born in 1955, he has over 30 years of experience in car design, having worked as head of development and planning for Lexus, where he holds the title of chief engineer. His involvement with Lexus and Toyota is likely how the SC 300 received the renowned inline-6 2JZ-GE from the Mark IV Toyota Supra in a naturally aspirated format. Yaguchi previously worked on the development of the Toyota Chaser and all generations of the Toyota Supra.

Early life

Yukihiko Yaguchi was raised by the Japanese tradition, which is very traditional and strict. At the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology he studied Mechanical Engineering but did not specialise in a subject. However, long before he studied mechanical engineering it was obvious to him that he would work for the Japanese automobile industry. At TMC (Toyota Motor Company) he found his first job. Yaguchi joined TMC in 1977.

Career

After he graduated from the university, Yaguchi took part in an entry exam at Toyota and started to work with the company. One of his first projects was the design of the Toyota Supra. He worked on the Supra Mark 1, Mark 2, Mark 3 and Mark 4. Around 2000 (before the IS F project started) Toyota came up with a car named the Chaser. Yaguchi designed this car as a mix between a luxury car and a very sporty car. The car that resulted had the suspension and the engine of the Supra. This car can now be seen as predecessor of the Lexus IS F.

While he designed the Supra Yaguchi-san was at the 1980s birth of Lexus as a part the TMC. He spent a lot of time with the new designs for Lexus cars (especially Lexus LS 400) and became head of general development and planning for Lexus. In the year 2006 he was asked to manage the design for the IS F.

The IS F is the sports version of the normal Lexus IS sedan. For the IS F, Yaguchi was inspired by driving in a lot of other cars. In an interview, he said that he loves sports cars, but thinks it's a pity that the most sports cars have 2 seats instead of 4. Exactly that idea was the basis for the IS F.

References

Japanese automotive engineers
Lexus
Living people
1955 births


FK Liepāja is a Latvian football club, founded in 2014. The club is based at the Daugava Stadium in Liepāja. FK Liepāja plays in the Latvian Higher League. In their first season they finished 4th in the 2014 Latvian Higher League.

History
FK Liepāja/Mogo was founded in March 2014 as a phoenix club and an indirect legatee of FK Liepājas Metalurgs, which was dissolved following the 2013 Latvian Higher League season due to the bankruptcy of its owner company and the sole sponsor metallurgical plant A/S Liepājas Metalurgs. FK Liepāja incorporated all the players, including youth teams, as well as the participation place in the 2014 Latvian Higher League, which had been at the disposal of Liepājas Metalurgs prior to its bankruptcy. The club is mainly sponsored by the Liepāja City Council and led by the former Latvian international footballer Māris Verpakovskis. The first manager of the team was Viktors Dobrecovs.

In its debut season FK Liepāja finished the championship in the top four. Jānis Ikaunieks, FK Liepāja midfielder, was voted as the best player of the 2014 season.

On 15 November 2016, Tamaz Pertia was appointed as the new manager of FK Liepāja.

On 14 September 2018, Gordon Young was appointed as the new manager of FK Liepāja.

League

Europe
1R: First round, 2Q: Second qualifying round, 3Q: Third qualifying round, PO: Play-off round

Honours
 Virslīga
Champions (1): 2015
 Latvian Football Cup
Winners (2): 2017, 2020

Sponsors

Players

Current squad

Staff

Managers

References

External links
Official website

Football clubs in Latvia
Sport in Liepāja
Association football clubs established in 2014
2014 establishments in Latvia
Phoenix clubs (association football)


The Yamaha Music Synthesizer S90 is a synthesizer and a MIDI controller in one unit, released in 2002 to supersede the S80. As such, it is part of the S series together with the S03 and S08. It was superseded by the S90ES in 2005, itself superseded by the S90XS in 2009.

Overall features

Keyboard
The S90 provides 88 fully weighted keys, the number equivalent to a standard piano, emulating the pianistic mechanism. The keyboard naturally provides initial touch, but also aftertouch response and has a 64-note polyphony with 16 multitimbral parts providing a maximum of 4 performance parts.

Presets
There are 384 normal (e.g. instrumental) presets and 48 drum kits. The S90 also includes standard GM presets. User presets are 128 normal and 16 drum kits. Presets may be expanded through up to three plug-in boards allowing a bank of 64 presets for each plug-in slot.

Expandability and memory slot
The S90 can be expanded through plug-in boards at three plug-in slots, thus providing additional presets, polyphony, effects and synthesizer functionality. Also, a memory slot is included for SmartMedia (3.3 V) cards up to 128 MB.

Physical appearance

Visual description
The S90 is a large black synthesizer with brown side panels and might give the impression of a digital synthesizer with its green display. 71 push buttons are distributed across the front panel, save for the power switch on the back. Pitch bend and modulation wheels are placed above the keyboard aligned to the left.

Measurements
Metric (SI)
Dimensions (mm): 1,357 (W) × 386 (D) × 163 (H)
Weight (kg): 23.0

Imperial, English, United States customary, etc.
Weight (lbs.): 51
Dimensions (inches): 53 3 /8" (W) × 15 1 /8" (D) × 6 3 /8" (H)

Panels and connectors
Front Panel
The front panel features a standard setup of a pitch bend wheel, a modulation wheel and a master volume slider. In addition there are four assignable control sliders and one 'rotary encoder'. The display is a 240 × 64 dot graphic backlit LCD.

Back Panel
Output: L/mono, R (1 /4" Jacks)
Assignable output: L, R (1 /4" Jacks)
Master Equalizer (5 bands)
Phones (Stereo 1 /4" Jack)
2 × Foot controller
2 × Foot switch: Assignable, Sustain
Breath
MIDI IN
MIDI OUT
MIDI THRU
USB
ACINLET

Sound generation and effects
The synthesizer uses AWM2, a "Modular Synthesis Plug-in System" and 21 types of filter. Table 1 shows an overview of the S90 factory effects.

Table 1. List of Onboard effects

¹ available for Performance/Song mode

References

Further reading
 Official Manual
 Official Data List

External links
 SNinety.com
 S90 Forum

S90
Polyphonic synthesizers
Digital synthesizers


A constitutional referendum was held in Sierra Leone on 12 July 1978. The constitutional amendments were aimed at turning the country into a presidential one-party state, with the All People's Congress as the sole legal party. The new constitution had been adopted by Parliament in May, and was put to public approval in the referendum. With more than 97% of voters voting in favour according to official results, the referendum has been described as "heavily rigged".

APC leader and President Siaka Stevens had pushed for the adoption of one-party rule, contending that it was more "African" than Western-style democracy.

Results

Aftermath
Following the referendum, Stevens was sworn in for another seven-year term. In the next presidential elections in 1985, voters had the choice of supporting or opposing his successor, Joseph Saidu Momoh, with no opposition candidates allowed. The 15 Sierra Leone People's Party MPs elected in 1977 joined the APC.

The country would remain a one-party state until 1991, when a referendum repealed the 1978 constitution and returned the country to multi-party politics.

References

Sierra Leone
Referendums in Sierra Leone
1978 in Sierra Leone
Constitutional referendums


In the field of patents, the phrase "to design around" means to invent an alternative to a patented invention that does not infringe the patent's claims.  The phrase can also refer to the invention itself.

Design-arounds are considered to be one of the benefits of patent law. By providing monopoly rights to inventors in exchange for disclosing how to make and use their inventions, others are given both the information and incentive to invent competitive alternatives that design around the original patent. In the field of vaccines, for example, design-arounds are considered fairly easy. It is often possible to use the original patent as a guide for developing an alternative that does not infringe the original patent.

Design-arounds can be a defense against patent trolls. The amount of license fee that a patent troll can demand is limited by the alternative of the cost of designing around the troll's patent(s).

In order to defend against design-arounds, inventors often develop a large portfolio of interlocking patents, sometimes called a patent thicket. Thus a competitor will have to avoid many patents when designing.

See also
 Essential patent
 Patent map
 Reinventing the wheel
 Workaround

References

Patent law
Intellectual property law


Craig Wederquist (born  October 26, 1960) is a former American football coach. He served as head football coach at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas from 1997 to 1999.  Wederquist played college football as an offensive tackle at Drake University. He was selected by Michigan Panthers of the United States Football League (USFL) in the seventh round of the 1983 USFL Draft with the 83rd overall pick.  He signed with the new club, was placed on injured reserve during the team's inaugural season, and retired in 1984.

Wederquist worked as the defensive coordinator at the University of the Pacific before the Tigers dropped football after the 1995 season. After one season as defensive coordinator at Tarleton State, Wederquist replaced Todd Whitten as head coach. Wederquist is currently teaching at Saydel High School in Saylorville, Iowa.

References

1960 births
Living people
American football defensive linemen
Central Missouri Mules football coaches
Colorado State Rams football coaches
Drake Bulldogs football coaches
Drake Bulldogs football players
Graceland Yellowjackets football coaches
Iowa Wesleyan Tigers football coaches
Pacific Tigers football coaches
Tarleton State Texans football coaches
UNLV Rebels football coaches
Utah State Aggies football coaches
High school football coaches in Iowa


Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.

Juergensmeyer is regarded as an expert on religious violence, conflict resolution, and South Asian religion and politics and has published thirty books and over 300 articles. He has been a frequent commentator on news programs, especially after 9/11.

Career
Juergensmeyer received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Illinois in 1962, a M.Div. from the Union Theological Seminary, New York in 1965, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He has also done graduate work in international relations at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. He is married to the University of California, Santa Barbara emerita professor Sucheng Chan.

Publications
His early books were on religion and social change in South Asia, including Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab, and Radhasoami Reality: the Logic of a Modern Faith. With John Stratton Hawley, he co-translated a book of medieval Indian poetry, Songs of the Saints of India. His book on Gandhian conflict resolution was originally published as Fighting with Gandhi and republished as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution.

In the 1990s, he turned toward the issue of religion and violence around the world. The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State was cited by The New York Times as a notable book of the year in 1995. It has been revised and republished as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.

In 2001, he published Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, a comparative study of religious terrorism. It was named as a notable book of the year by The Washington Post. The revised fourth edition was published in 2017. This book introduced the concepts of "cosmic war" and "performance violence" as central to religious-related terrorism.

A book based on a five-year Luce Foundation-funded project surveying the changing role of religion in global society was published as God in the Tumult of the Global Square (co-authored with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). In 2019, Oxford University Press published a book based on lectures given by Juergensmeyer at Princeton and Muenster, God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. A five-year project funded by Uppsala University, Sweden, resulted in a publication on how jihadi terrorist movements terminate, When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends (2022).

Positions held
Juergensmeyer taught at the University of California, Berkeley for fifteen years in a joint position as coordinator of religious studies for UC Berkeley and director of the Office of Programs in Comparative Religion at the Graduate Theological Union (1974–89); at the University of Hawaiʻi, he was founding dean of the School of Hawaiian, Asian, and Pacific Studies (1989–93); and later, he taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1993–2021), where he was founding director of the global and international studies program and the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies. After retirement, he accepted a temporary position at Claremont McKenna College.

He has also taught at Punjab University, Chandigarh, India, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and was a research scholar at Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. He has been a professor in residence at Emory University, Muenster University in Germany, and the University of Miami.

Awards and honors
Juergensmeyer is the 2003 recipient of the Grawemeyer Award for contributions to the study of religion, and was elected president of the American Academy of Religion for 2008–09. He was a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 1988-89 and has been the recipient of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and the American Institute for Indian Studies. Juergensmeyer has received honorary doctorate degrees from Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, Dayalbagh Educational Institute in India, and Roskilde University in Denmark, and the Silver Medal from Spain's Queen Sofia Center for the Study of Violence. In 2019, he was named the year's Distinguished Scholar by the Religion and International Affairs section of the International Studies Association.

See also
 Manav Dayal I.C.Sharma
 Bhagat Munshi Ram
 Baba Faqir Chand

References

Selected bibliography
 When God Stops Fighting: How Religious Violence Ends. Oakland: University of California, Press, forthcoming in 2022

 Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Berkeley: University of California, Press, 2000; fourth ed, 2017. Also in Indian, Spanish, Italian, French, Japanese, German, and Indonesian editions.

 The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Also in German, Spanish, Indian, Japanese, Indonesian, and Turkish editions. Revised expanded edition published as Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State.  Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. Also in German and Russian editions
 God in the Tumult of the Global Square: Religion in Global Civil Society (with Dinah Griego and John Soboslai). Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.

 God at War: The Alternative Realities of Religion and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Also in German edition by Herder Verlag, 2019.

 Fighting With Gandhi. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1984. Revised edition published as Gandhi's Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Also Indian, German, and Chinese editions.

 Songs of the Saints of India. (Co-translator with John Stratton Hawley). New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Also in Indian edition.

 Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. Revised expanded edition forthcoming

 Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in 20th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. Revised India edition published as Religious Rebels in the Punjab: The Ad Dharm Challenge to Caste, Delhi: Navayana Publishing, 2009.

 The Oxford Handbook of Religion (editor). New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

 Rethinking Secularism (co-editor with Craig Calhoun and Jonathan VanAntwerpen). New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

 The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies (co-editor with Manfred Steger and Saskia Sasken). New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.

External links

1940 births
Living people
American historians of religion
American male non-fiction writers
American political scientists
American religion academics
American sociologists
Claremont McKenna College faculty
International relations scholars
People from Carlinville, Illinois
People from Goleta, California
People from Isla Vista, California
Presidents of the American Academy of Religion
Scholars of comparative religion
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of Illinois alumni


Airavat may refer to:

Airavata, the mythical elephant king and the mount of Indra in Hinduism
INS Airavat (L24), a Landing Ship Tank of the Indian Navy
The code name for the Airborne Surveillance Platform, a prototype/experimental Indian early warning aircraft design

See also
Erawan (disambiguation), alternate transcription
Iravati, the mythical mother of the elephant


Bacteriastrum is a genus of diatoms in family Chaetocerotaceae. There are more than 30 described species in genus Bacteriastrum, but many of these are not currently accepted, and new species are still added to the genus. The type species for the genus is Bacteriastrum furcatum Shadbolt.

Description
Bacteriastrum is a widely distributed marine, planktonic genus. This genus is often associated with Chaetoceros but differs in radial symmetry and fenestration of setae. The colonies tend to lie in girdle view, and the cells are separated by the curvature of the basal part of the setae, leaving a small gap between the cells.  The cells are cylindrical and linked to form filaments. Each cell has several long, radiating setae which may be simple or bifurcate (branched), the setae from adjacent cells are fused. The plastids are discoid. At least one species, B. solitarium, exists as single cells.

Species
Bacteriastrum biconicum
Bacteriastrum comosum Pavilliard
Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve
Bacteriastrum elegans
Bacteriastrum elongatum Cleve
Bacteriastrum furcatum Shadbolt
Bacteriastrum hyalinum Lauder
Bacteriastrum mediterraneum
Bacteriastrum parallelum D. Sarno, A. Zingone & D. Marino
Bacteriastrum solitarium Mangin
Bacteriastrum varians

See also
Attheya
Chaetoceros

References

Further reading

External links
Algaebase

Coscinodiscophyceae genera
Enigmatic eukaryote taxa


Ashuganj () is an upazila of Brahmanbaria District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The area is home to the Port of Ashuganj.

Demographics

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Ashuganj upazila had a population of 180,654 living in 33,552 households. 54,449 (30.14%) were under 10 years of age. The literacy rate was 51.20% and the sex ratio was 1045 females per 1000 males. 6,826 (3.78%) live in urban areas.

Administration
Ashuganj Upazila is divided into eight union parishads: Araishidha, Ashuganj, Char Chartala, Durgapur, Lalpur, Paschim Talshahar, Sarifpur, and Tarua. The union parishads are subdivided into 30 mauzas and 41 villages.

Power plant
Ashuganj Upazila is known for its power plant which generates much of the electricity for the country especially for the capital city. Ashuganj Fertilizer Ltd is on the other side of Ashuganj. It produces chemical fertilizer for the country. It is especially known as commercial area. Almost 2.5% electricity supply from Ashugonj Power Station.

Additional information
In Ashugonj, there are more than 500 rice mills which means above 40% rice supply from Ashugonj. Ashugonj Fertilizer is a biggest chemical fertilizer company. There is a Transit in Ashugonj which communicate with India. Ashugonj City is also known as river port. There is also a gas transmission company.

The area has experienced severe power shortages but a revamped project is being planned and implemented under Japanese Debt Relief Grant Aid.

Notable people
Abdul Quadir, poet, essayist and journalist
Faridul Huda, politician
Mustafa Jabbar, Minister of Post and Telecommunications

See also
Meghna Heli Bridge

References

External links
Country dates with acute power crisis
5th unit of Ashuganj power plant resumes production

Upazilas of Brahmanbaria District


David Muñoz was born in 1968 in Málaga, Andalucia, southern Spain and is a Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter.

Biography
He has a PhD in Financial Economics. He also worked as a financial adviser to several regional governments in Spain, and as a professor of financial applications for professionals.

In 2000, he founded Hibrida: a multidisciplinary communications company involved in contemporary culture and social issues. He has been Hibrida's director since its inception.

Film career
He writes, directs and produces documentary and fiction films. He is the winner of the Goya Awards 2010 for best short documentary given by the Spanish Film Academy for Flowers of Rwanda. His film The Infinite Jest was a Jury Award 2011 winner for best short documentary in the 7th Aljazeera International Documentary Film Festival (Qatar). His previous film, Another Night on Earth won, among others, the Film Critics FIPRESCI award at DOK Leipzig, the best feature documentary award at the 15th Guanajuato International Film Festival, and the Japan Foundation Presidential’s Prize at NHK Japan Prize. About Ndugu was a world premiere at the Berlinale 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.  His poetic documentary "A Farewell to All That" about the Verdiales, a disappearing type of music played by shepherds in the Andalusian sierras, won the ASECAN Award to Best Andalusian Short Documentary in 2018.

Director filmography

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
People from Málaga
Spanish screenwriters
Spanish male writers
Male screenwriters
Film directors from Andalusia


Bonneville (; Picard: Boéneville) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Bonneville is situated on the D77 road, some  east of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

External links

 Bonneville on the Quid site (French)

Communes of Somme (department)


Montcalm Simard (October 4, 1921 – January 25, 2011) was a Canadian politician in the Province of Quebec.

Background

Born in Rivière-Bleue, Quebec in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region near Maine and New Brunswick, he was the brother of politician Jean-Maurice Simard, who was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of New Brunswick and Cabinet Minister from 1970 to 1985 and a member of the Senate of Canada from 1985 to 2001.

Mayor

Simard served as Mayor of Rivière-Bleue from 1957 to 1960 and from 1964 to 1975.

Member of the Provincial Legislature

He ran as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1966 election in the district of Témiscouata and won.  He was re-elected in the 1970 election, but he did not run for re-election in the 1973 election.

References

1921 births
2011 deaths
Mayors of places in Quebec
Union Nationale (Quebec) MNAs


Peter Davies may refer to:
 Peter Llewelyn Davies (1897–1960), British publisher, basis for the character of Peter Pan
 Peter Davies (rugby) (1925–2014), Welsh rugby player
 Peter Davies (economic historian) (1927–2020), British economic historian
 Peter Maxwell Davies (1934–2016), British composer and conductor
 Peter Ronald Davies (born 1938), British Army general
 Peter Davies (politician) (born 1948), British politician, former mayor of Doncaster
 Peter Davies (scientist) (1948–2020), medical researcher
 Peter Davies (born 1956), British participant in the Up Series documentaries
 Peter Davies (Australian cricketer) (1957–2018), Australian cricketer
 Peter Ho Davies (born 1966), British writer
 Peter Davies (artist) (born 1970), Scottish painter
 Peter Davies (English cricketer) (born 1976), English cricketer
 Peter Davies (footballer, born 1936), Welsh footballer
 Peter Davies (footballer, born 1942), Welsh footballer
 Peter Davies (journalist) (active 1996–2011), South African journalist
 Peter Davies (horse), thoroughbred racehorse
 Peter J. Davies (born 1940), professor of plant physiology
 Pete Davies, English author
 Troy Davies (Peter Davies, 1960–2007), Australian artist and musician

See also
Peter Davis (disambiguation)