Naktis is the sixth album by Latvian band Dzeltenie Pastnieki, released through magnitizdat in 1987, and was the last one of the band's six 1980s albums to see an official CD release. Before the October 21, 2010 issue, the album was widely shared on P2P networks in several versions of tape-to-computer transfers done by fans. The name of the album translates as "Nights" or "The Nights" from Latvian, referring to the hours the sessions most often took place.

As a favourite of both fans and critics alike, the album is perhaps the band's strongest full-length statement. So far, it is the only album besides Bolderājas dzelzceļš to feature live drumming by Ilgvars Rišķis, and marked a return to that album's guitar/bass-centered sound. Both synthesizers and tape manipulation were also still prominent in the band's sound.

Track listing
Written by Ingus Baušķenieks/Ilgvars Rišķis/Viesturs Slava/Zigmunds Streiķis, except where noted.

"Noguris un nelaimīgs" (Baušķenieks/Rišķis/Streiķis) — 3:55
"Lāstekas" — 4:30
"Spogulis" — 4:30
"Skola" — 4:50
"Putni un lietus" (Slava/Roberts Gobziņš) — 5:00
"Rēta dvēselē" — 5:35
"Pavasaris (ir grūts laiks)" — 4:55
"Man nav neviena, kam to teikt" — 4:00
"Jaunais gads" — 4:50
"Serenāde (Tev nesāpēs sirds)" (Baušķenieks) — 4:15

Credits
Band – Ingus Baušķenieks, Ilgvars Rišķis, Viesturs Slava, Zigmunds Streiķis
Artwork – Ingus Baušķenieks
Design – Lindes Jaunkundze

Release history

References

External links
 Naktis at Discogs

1987 albums
Dzeltenie Pastnieki albums


Frontenay () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Beaver River Trail is a rail trail located in the city of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, United States.  As of 2011, the trail is about  long.

History
The Beaver River Trail was built over an old right-of-way of the now defunct Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad in downtown Beaver Falls.  The line was bypassed for a newer route closer to the Beaver River and was abandoned, along with many industrial plants that were served by the railroad.  Phase I of the trail was completed in 2006, with Phase II being completed in 2010.

The Trail
The northern segment of the trail runs below Geneva College using a portion of the Marginal Railroad's right-of-way.  The trail terminates just south of the college's rugby field where the P&LE's College Hill Yard was located.  The southern portion's northern terminus is at 23rd Street, just below the Eastvale Bridge. The trail runs for about a mile til it terminates at 11th Street.

Future extension
There are still ongoing developments for the trail.  An important goal is to connect the two portions of the trail below the Eastvale Bridge and across from the College Hill Station.  The northern leg will eventually connect with the North Country Trail near Wampum.  A spur route to Bradys Run Park is currently in the works.  The ultimate goal is to connect to other rail trails in the area: north to Erie and south to the proposed Ohio River Trail and the Montour Trail.

External links
Official PA website

Rail trails in Pennsylvania
Protected areas of Beaver County, Pennsylvania


Lissotesta bicarinata is a species of very minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Zealand.

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

bicarinata
Gastropods of New Zealand
Gastropods described in 1940


Spoken For is the second studio album by Christian rock band MercyMe. Produce by Pete Kipley, the album was released on October 1, 2002, by INO Records. The album's production, which followed the success of "I Can Only Imagine" on Christian radio, was described by lead singer Bart Millard as "nerve-racking"; the album musically represents a shift in the band's musical style, with critics variously identifying it as roots rock, pop rock, or adult contemporary. Lyrically, the album focuses on worship and the concept of Christians as being "spoken for" by God.

Critics praised Spoken For as a progression from Almost There and a more cohesive album overall, with some finding it to be more refined lyrically and musically. The album's stylistic shift was praised, along with Millard's lyrics and vocals. Spoken For was nominated for Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 34th GMA Dove Awards, and at the 35th GMA Dove Awards "Word of God Speak" received the awards for Song of the Year and Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year.

Spoken For sold 23,000 copies in its first week, debuting at number 41 on the Billboard 200 and number two on the Christian Albums chart. Three singles were released in support of Spoken For; the title track, which peaked at number one on the Radio & Records Christian AC and INSPO charts, "Word of God Speak", which spent a record 23 weeks at the top of the Billboard Christian Songs chart, and "The Change Inside of Me", which peaked at number eight on the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart. The album was certified gold by the RIAA in October 2003 and has sold over 553,000 copies as of May 2004; it ranked as the 46th-best selling Christian album of the 2000s according to Billboard.

Background and recording
Bart Millard, MercyMe's lead singer, described the process of creating Spoken For as "nerve-racking". Following the success of "I Can Only Imagine, which became the group's first major hit on Christian radio and received the Song of the Year award at the Dove Awards, the band felt that they were more closely associated with the adult contemporary genre than their roots as a rock band; Millard described Spoken For as "a little edgier" than that reputation. According to Millard, the band had "a lot of input" on the album. Describing the album's concept, Millard said it focused on "the glory of God and how amazing it is that we could be saved by such a God" and that God would call the listeners his own. Millard said the album was "a little bit more on the rock side" and that the major goal was to provide "singable" songs suitable for corporate worship. The album's title came from Millard, who said that he had been "consumed with the idea that God is so crazy in love with us — just knowing that we are part of something bigger and we worship a God who’s in complete control no matter how good or bad things get. The phrase "spoken for" really stuck with me".

Spoken For was recorded by Csaba Petozz, J. R. McNeely, Lee Bridges, and Jim Bryson in several locations: Luminous Sound in Dallas, Texas, The Sound Kitchen in Franklin, Tennessee, Indigo Room in Franklin, Tennessee, HydeAway Sound Lab in Jeckyll Island, Georgia, The Scwoodio in Greenville, Texas, Mountain View Recorders in Glorieta, New Mexico, and Playground Recording in Wylie, Texas. It was mastered by Richard Dodd at Vital Recordings, and mixed by F. Reid Shippen at Recording Arts in Nashville, Tennessee, with the exceptions of "All Because of This", "Word of God Speak, and "Love of God", (which were mixed at Salvo Mix by Salvo), and "Go" (which was mixed by McNeely).

Composition

Spoken For has been described as roots rock, pop rock, and adult contemporary. The album was noted as being a stylistic shift from Almost There; and some critics felt the album was a more cohesive work than Almost There. The album's style was noted as being similar to that of Train and Steven Curtis Chapman. Allmusic described it as having "ringing guitar melodies, infectious vocal harmonies, atmospheric keyboards, and charging, often exhilarating rhythms".

The songs on Spoken For are generally guitar-driven. In comparison to some other Christian rock groups, the lyrics on Spoken For are overtly Christian in theme. Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today described the album's lyrics as adopting a "broader" definition of worship than the band had previously used, being "more thoughtful" but "still catchy and vertically focused". Millard's vocals on the album were noted as being "warm" and "crystal-clear".

"The Change Inside of Me" and "All the Above" were noted as being "firmly rooted in the pop side of adult contemporary music", with the latter song focusing on "the elation that rang through the heavens when we became children of God" (The moment you surrendered/the moment you were saved/Life as you knew it forever was changed/And all the above rejoiced). The album's title track was described as "haunting"; lyrically, it "offers a look at Jesus recognizing His children at heaven’s gate". "There's a Reason" was noted as being "worshipful". "Word of God Speak" features only piano and strings alongside Millard's vocals; according to Millard, the sparse musical arrangement mirrors the song's lyrics, which focus on the inability to describe an infinite god with a limited vocabulary.

Release
Spoken For was released on October 1, 2002. It sold 23,000 copies in its first week, debuting at number 41 on the Billboard 200 and number two on the Christian Albums chart. In a promotional deal with Walmart, the first 75,000 copies sold at Walmart included a "special unplugged" version of "I Can Only Imagine". The album's title track, "Spoken For", was released as the lead single from Spoken For on September 20, 2002; it peaked at number one on the Radio & Records Christian AC and INSPO charts, spending seven and six weeks at the top of the charts, respectively, and at number six on the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart. The album's second single,  "Word of God Speak", was released to radio in April 2003 and on a CD single release with "I Can Only Imagine" on September 23, 2003. The song spent 23 weeks at number one on the  Billboard Christian Songs chart, a record that stood for over 10 years before being passed in August 2014 by Hillsong United's single Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)", but remains the record on the component Christian Airplay chart. It also spent 21 weeks atop the Billboard Hot Christian AC chart, ten weeks at number one on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart, and nine weeks at number one on the Radio & Records INSPO chart, and ranked at number one on the decade-end Billboard Christian Songs and Christian AC charts. "The Change Inside of Me" was released to Christian contemporary hit radio on May 2, 2003, peaking at number eight on the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart.

Spoken For spent 29 weeks on the Billboard 200 and 91 weeks on the Christian Albums chart. The album also spent one week on the Catalog Albums chart in December 2004, peaking at number six. It is the band's only studio album not to have reached the number one spot on the Christian Albums chart. Billboard ranked Spoken For as the tenth-best selling Christian album of 2003, the 20th-best selling Christian album of 2004, and the 46th best-selling Christian album of the 2000s. The RIAA certified the album gold in October 2003, signifying shipments of over 500,000 copies. As of May 2004, Spoken For has sold over 553,000 copies.

Critical reception

Spoken For received generally positive reviews. Critics reacted positively to the album's shift in style from Almost There, as well as to Millard's vocals and its lyrical content. Allmusic gave the album 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying that MercyMe "shows its knack for mating spiritual lyrics to state-of-the-art pop-rock". The album received a B− from James Lloyd of the Dayton Daily News, who praised the album's ballads, lyrics, and vocals but said that some of up-tempo numbers "almost seem like filler". New Release Tuesday's Kevin McNeese gave the album four out of five stars, praising its music as "encouraging and inspirational" and saying it provides "some of the finest moments in praise and worship". Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today gave the album 2.5 out of 5 stars. Breimeier praised the album for its cohesiveness and described it as a major improvement over the band's debut album Almost There musically and lyrically, but criticized the album's track order as "[making] the album seem more repetitive than it really is". The album received 7 out of 10 squares from Tony Cummings of Cross Rhythms, who praised the album as "intelligent" and "well-crafted" and complemented its lyrics and production.

Wendy Lee Nentwig of Crosswalk.com praised the band's musical and lyrical growth since their debut effort, as well as the "passionate intensity and emotion" of lead singer Bart Millard's vocals. Marcia Bartenhagen of CCM Magazine praised the band's vocals and progression in songwriting and musical style, but felt the album "occasionally sways to the triteness so often found on AC/pop projects". Tim Harms of Baptist Press called Spoken For a major improvement over Almost There and said it "feels more coherent and flows smoother and it flourishes in vertical lyrics". Brian Bowers of Stars and Stripes called the album a "step forward" for the band, but that fans would "still get what they liked on [Almost There]".

Spoken For was nominated for Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 34th GMA Dove Awards. At the 35th GMA Dove Awards, "Word of God Speak" received the awards for Song of the Year and Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year.

Track listing
All songs written by Jim Bryson, Nathan Cochran,  Pete Kipley, Bart Millard, Mike Scheuchzer and Robby Shaffer except where noted.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the album liner notes.

MercyMe
 Bart Millard – lead vocals, backing vocals, arrangements on "The Love of God"
 Jim Bryson – keys
 Mike Scheuchzer – guitars
 Nathan Cochran – bass
 Robby Shaffer – drums

Additional performers
 Travis Cottrell – backing vocals
 Will Owsley – backing vocals
 Pete Kipley – string arrangements
 Roy G. Biv String Vibe – strings

Production and Technical
 Pete Kipley – producer
 Lee Bridges – recording, digital editing
 Jim Bryson – recording
 J. R. McNeely – recording
 Csaba Petocz – recording
 F. Reid Shippen – mixing (1-4, 6, 8, 10)
 Dan Shike – mix assistant (1-4, 6, 8)
 Salvo – mixing (5, 7, 9, 11)
 Richard Dodd – mastering
 Bridgett O'Lannerghty – project administration
 Kristin Barlowe – photography
 Laurel Cacace – inside booklet element photography
 Dan Harding – design, art direction
 Dana Salsedo – art direction
 BrickHouse Entertainment – management
 Mixed at Recording Arts and Salvomix (Nashville, Tennessee).
 Mastered at Vital Recordings (Nashville, Tennessee).

Charts and certifications

References
Notes

Footnotes

MercyMe albums
2002 albums
INO Records albums
Pop rock albums by American artists
Roots rock albums


Walter Dickson (22 February, 1916 - 23 March, 1990) was a Swedish author.

Biography
Dickson was born in New Haven in the United States, where his father worked as a carpenter. The family returned to Sweden in 1921 and settled in Vinberg near Falkenberg, where he was raised by his grandparents. Dickson graduated in Halmstad in 1936 and received his bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Gothenburg, but he also studied at universities in Uppsala and Stockholm. From 1943 he was a literature reviewer in the daily newspaper Ny Tid and also contributed to several Finnish and Swedish literary magazines and the trade union press.

Dickson made his debut as author with Perspektiv från Stigberget (1942) and Det gamla huset (1943), both collections of short stories depicting the working-class district of Masthugget in Gothenburg. In his largest work, he wrote a series of novels about his own family and its emigrant fates: Skallgång (1946), Vid havets rand (1948), Storbasens saga (1951), Carmania (1952), Amerika (1954), Oceanisk hemfärd (1955) and Solagömma (1957). Dickson also wrote cultural-historical essays and several books about the landscape of Halland. He was a socialist and in describing older times he is often critical of social ills. Despite this, in the 1970s he wrote for the Centre Party Youth's magazine Ung Center.

His narrative style is considered personal and inventive.

Bibliography

 Perspektiv från stigberget 1942
 Det gamla huset 1943
 Störst är kärleken 1945
 Skallgång 1946
 Hammare och sälgpipa 1947
 Vid havets rand 1948
 Det eldröda landskapet 1948
 Masker och en klippa 1949
 Händerna 1950
 Storbasens saga 1951
Carmania (1952)
 Hjärtfäste och hungertorn 1953
 Mitt Halland 1953
 Det vidgade jaget 1953
 Amerika 1954
 Oceanisk hemfärd 1955
 En livslivets diktare 1956
 Marie! Madrid! 1956
 Solgömma 1957
 Helhet i snitt och vinklar 1957
 Ur min anteckningsbok 1958
 Batteristen 1959
 Livsens dag 1959
 Dödsens liv 1960
 På upptäcktsfärd i Ätradalen 1961
 Halländsk horisont 1962
 Månresa 1962
Solaglaning (1964)
 Jävlafora 1966
 Lasse i Gatan och andra Hallandssägner 1969
 Vart har folket tagit vägen? 1971
 Fabler och småstycken från öst och väst 1971
"Broadway Blend": Emigrantberättelser (1973)
 Vägakantspredikan 1975
 Ringen i djupet 1977
 Sacco och Vanzetti 1977
 Perspektiv på Kina 1980
 Vad är boxning? 1982
 Folkafora 1983

Awards

 Arbetarnas bildningsförbund's literary prize 1957

Sources

Swedish writers
1916 births
1990 deaths
Swedish expatriates in the United States
University of Gothenburg alumni


Clifford Kennedy Berryman (April 2, 1869 – December 11, 1949) was a Pulitzer Prize–winning cartoonist with The Washington Star newspaper from 1907 to 1949. He was previously a cartoonist for The Washington Post from 1891 to 1907.

During his career, Berryman drew thousands of cartoons commenting on American presidents and politics. Political figures he lampooned included former Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. He is particularly known for his cartoons "Remember the Maine" and "Drawing the Line in Mississippi."

Berryman was a prominent figure in Washington, D.C. President Harry S. Truman once told him, "You are ageless and timeless. Presidents, senators and even Supreme Court justices come and go, but the Monument and Berryman stand." Berryman's cartoons can be found at the Library of Congress, the National Archives, and George Washington University, as well as archives that house presidential collections.

Biography

Early life
Berryman was born on April 2, 1869, in Clifton, Kentucky, to James Thomas Berryman and Sallie Church Berryman. Berryman's father often entertained friends and neighbors with drawings of "hillbillies" from their hometown; Clifford inherited his father's knack for drawing.

Editorial cartoons

Berryman was appointed draftsman to the United States Patent Office in Washington, D.C., serving there from 1886 to 1891. During his tenure, Berryman submitted sketches to The Washington Post. In 1891, he became an understudy of political cartoonist George Y. Coffin at The Washington Post. After Coffin died in 1896, Berryman took over the position as cartoonist for the newspaper.

As a political cartoonist, Berryman satirized both Democrats and Republicans, and covered topics such as drought, farm relief, food prices, representation of Washington, D.C. in Congress, labor strikes and legislation, campaigning and elections, political patronage, European coronations, the America's Cup, and the atomic bomb.

In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, The Post printed Berryman's classic illustration "Remember the Maine," which became the battle-cry for American sailors during the War. His November 16, 1902, cartoon, "Drawing the Line in Mississippi," depicted President Theodore Roosevelt showing compassion for a small bear cub. The cartoon inspired New York store owner Morris Michtom to create a new toy and call it the teddy bear.

Berryman worked at The Washington Post until 1907, when he was hired by The Washington Star. Berryman was the first cartoonist member of the Gridiron Club and served as the organization's president in 1926.

He drew political cartoons for The Washington Star until his death in 1949. As a Washingtonian, he was an advocate for DC voting rights.

Personal life
Berryman married Kate Geddes Durfee on July 5, 1893, and they had three children: Mary Belle, who died as an infant, Florence Seville, who later became an art critic, and James Thomas, who became a Pulitzer Prize–winning cartoonist.

Berryman was a Presbyterian and an active member of the Washington Heights Presbyterian Church.

Awards

In 1944, Berryman was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for his drawing "Where is the Boat Going." The cartoon depicted President Franklin D. Roosevelt and other government officials trying to steer the USS Mississippi in several different directions.

Clifford K. and James T. Berryman Award for Editorial Cartooning

Since 1989, the National Press Foundation has presented the Clifford K. and James T. Berryman Award annually for editorial cartooning. Winners have included Chip Bok (1993), Jim Morin (1996), Kevin Kallaugher (2002), Rex Babin (2003), Steve Sack (2006), Matt Wuerker (2010), Nick Anderson (2011), Adam Zyglis (2013), and Clay Bennett (2014).

Death
Berryman died on December 11, 1949, from a heart ailment, age 80, and is interred in Glenwood Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Gallery

References

External links

Smithsonian Archives of American Art: Berryman Family Papers
Clifford K. Berryman Digital Collection at the Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library
Berryman Teddy Bear Cartoons, Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt
Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum Art Database
Clifford K. Berryman Political Cartoon Collection in the National Archives
Clifford Berryman Cartoon Collection at the Washington DC Public Library

1869 births
1949 deaths
American editorial cartoonists
American Presbyterians
Artists from Kentucky
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
People from Boyle County, Kentucky
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning winners
The Washington Post people
The Washington Star people


Edward Worsfold Mowll (28 December 1881 – 12 June 1964) was an Anglican bishop, the fourth Bishop of Middleton.

Educated at The King's School, Canterbury and  Jesus College, Cambridge, he was ordained in 1905 and after a curacy at Leyton became secretary of the Church Pastoral-Aid Society. Incumbencies at Benwell, Southport  and Oxford followed, before he became Provost of Bradford Cathedral in 1933. Elevation to the Episcopate followed ten years later and he stayed in this, his final post, until retirement in 1951. A "kind and fatherly man", he died in 1964.

Family
Edward Worsfold Mowll was the fourth son of Edward Worsfold Mowll and his wife, Mary Kingsford.
He married firstly Josephine Denham Gildea, eldest daughter of John Randolph Gildea of Weatherfort Hall Co. Mayo Ireland on the 5  June 1909 in St Marylebone Parish Church, London England.  Josephine died aged 30 in 1912.

He married secondly Margaret Cicely Skrine, daughter of Henry Mills Skrine and Mary Jane Gore-Langton and great-granddaughter of Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, on 4 August 1915 in Holy Trinity Church, Sloan Street, London. Margaret died on the 18th of Oct 1958.
He married thirdly Alice Hone Kempson daughter of Edwin Hone Kempson and his wife, Beatrice Alice Garnett in 1959.

References

1881 births
People educated at The King's School, Canterbury
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Bishops of Middleton
20th-century Church of England bishops
1964 deaths
Provosts and Deans of Bradford


The Avia B.122 was a Czechoslovak single-seat biplane aerobatic aircraft, which was developed in the mid-1930s. It saw some service in the first years of World War II.

History
In the spring of 1934, the Czechoslovak Army Command decided that some Czechoslovak Air Force pilots would participate in the international aerobatic competition Coupe Mondiale held at Vincennes, Paris, on 9–10 June. For this purpose, the Czechoslovakian aircraft manufacturer Avia was given the task of designing and constructing an aircraft. The prototype, B.122, was presented after only six weeks.

The Czechoslovak pilots had only a few weeks to learn and master the aircraft as the competition was to be held in July 1934. Luckily, the design was quite successful and the Czechoslovak pilots managed to win the 4th (František Novák) and the 8th (Ján Ambruš) place in the competition.

Afterwards, the aircraft was modified, based on the pilots' inputs, and this resulted in the improved version, Ba.122. The Ba.122 was equipped with larger rudder and ailerons on both upper and lower wings. On the occasion of 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin International Aerobatic Contest, "Internationaler Kunstflugwettbewerbs" was run by the German Aeroculub, "Aeroklub von Deutschland". Czechoslovak pilots won 2nd (Petr Široký), 3rd (František Novák) and 8th place (Ján Ambruš)  with their Avias. In this contest new engine Avia RK-17 was introduced, with aircraft Ba.122.7 (OK-AWE), Ba.122.8 (OK-AWA). 1937 was also a successful year, as the Avias managed to win 1st and 3rd place at the International Aviation Meeting in Zurich in July/August 1937. Some of these aircraft were equipped with nine-cylinder Walter Pollux engines to fit into category of aeroplanes with engines above 20L. These successes led to export orders from the Soviet Union and Romania. The aircraft was later further developed into prototypes Ba.222, Ba.322 and Ba.422. The Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence ordered 45 Bs.122 trainers. However, the outbreak of World War II put an end to further development. Some Avias ended up in the German Luftwaffe when parts of Czechoslovakia were absorbed into Nazi Germany in 1939. Other aircraft were sold to the Slovakian and Bulgarian air forces.

Variants

B.1223 prototype machines with Walter Castor II engine, B-122.2 and .3 later modified to Ba.122 standard
Ba.122improved variant with ailerons on both wings and enlarged rudder, mostly with Avia RK-17 engine
Ba.222Ba.122 with NACA cowling and wheel pants
Ba.422Ba.122 with upper gull wing to improve front visibility in inverted flight
Bš.122Military trainer variant of the Ba.122, staggered wings, Walter Castor II engine
B.322Bš-122 with enclosed cockpit and Townend cowling

Production
 B/Ba.122: 60 machines, serials B.122.1-Ba.122.45,  Ba.122.101-115 (series for Soviet Union)
 Bš.122: 45 machines
 Ba.222: one prototype
 Ba.322: one prototype
 Ba.422: 2 machines

Operators

 Bulgarian Air Force – 12 Bs 122 aircraft taken over from the Czechoslovak Air Force, named ″Vosa″ (″Wasp″)
 Czechoslovakian Air Force – 45 Bš.122 and 45 B/Ba.122 aircraft
 Luftwaffe – 12 aircraft taken over from the Czechoslovak Air Force
 Royal Romanian Air Force – one machine, Ba-122.40, YR-DPO
 Slovak Air Force (1939–45)
 Soviet Air Force – 15 Ba.122 aircraft

Specifications (Ba.122)

Data from Němeček, Václav – Československá letadla

See also

References

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
B.122
1930s Czechoslovakian military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Aerobatic aircraft


The Bailiwick of Jersey (Jèrriais: Bailliage dé Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the French coast of Normandy.

As well as the island of Jersey itself, the Bailiwick includes the nearly uninhabited islands and islets of:

 Les Minquiers
 Maîtresse Île / Maîtr' Île
 Les Maisons
 Le Niêsant
 Les Faucheurs
 La Haute Grune
 Les Écréhous
 Maîtr'Île
 La Marmotchiéthe
 Lé Bliantch'Île
 Les D'mies
 La Grand' Naithe
 L'Êtchièrviéthe
 Lé Fou
 La Froutchie
 Les Dirouilles
 Les Pierres de Lecq
 L'Êtchièrviéthe
 La Rocque du Nord
  L'Êtaîse or L'Êtaîthe
 Lé Bel
 Lé Longis
 La P'tite Mathe
  La Grôsse  (Great Rock)
 La Grand' Mathe
 La Greune dé Lé, or La Bonnette
 La Greune du Seur-Vouêt
 L'Orange
 La Vouêtaîse, La Vouêtaîthe, or La Vouêt'rêsse
 La Cappe
 La Douoche
  Lé Byi
 La Rocque Mollet
 L'Êtché au Nord-Vouêt
 La Galette
 La Briarde
 La Sprague
 La Niêthole Jean Jean or Lé Gouoillot
 Île Agois
 La Motte (Green Island), a tidal island
 L'Islet, site of Elizabeth Castle
 L'Île au Guerdain, site of Janvrin's Tomb
 Icho, site of Icho Tower
 L'Avarison, site of Seymour Tower
 La Rocque Ho
 La Grosse Tête
 Les Caînes
 Le Grand Caramé
 Le Petit Caramé
 Le Fara
 Les Rotchettes
 L'Île au Prêtre
 Le Cormoran
 Le Cheval Guillaume
 Lé Long Êtchet
 L'Étacquerel
 La Froutchie
 L'Île Pèrchie
 Hèrquantîn
 other unnamed rocks and reefs

By calling any of the above named entities "Islands", is a very generous representation. Most are no more than uninhabitable rocks jutting out of the sea. Les Écréhous are habitable; the rest would require a hardy individual to even attempt habitation.

References
 Details via the Bailiwick of Jersey

Jersey


The Alliance Colony was a Jewish agricultural community that was founded  on May 10, 1882, in Pittsgrove Township, in Salem County, New Jersey, United States. It was named after the Alliance Israélite Universelle of Paris and was funded by the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society of New York and Philadelphia and The Baron De Hirsch Fund.

History
Following the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, numerous pogroms targeting Russian Jews prompted many families to emigrate. Many began their lives in America in tenements on Manhattan's Lower East Side. As the numbers of Jewish people in America increased there was a strong desire to leave the confinement and crowded conditions in the cities. Some Jewish thinkers and community leaders proclaimed that recent Jewish immigrants ought "to become tillers of the soil and thus shake off the accusation that we were petty mercenaries living upon the toil of others." They settled in communities across the country, but many wished to continue living in predominately Jewish areas. These immigrants recognized that self-sufficiency would be paramount to their survival, which led them into agriculture.  Alliance was founded by a core group of 43 settlers but many more followed and, by the end of the first summer, there were 60-70 families living in the colony.

The land that was settled consisted of  per family on farmland that needed to be cleared and farmed. The immigrant colony members had little knowledge of agriculture and had difficulty farming the sandy South Jersey soil but received training from their neighbors. The HIAS paid workers weekly during the period in which land was cleared. Initially, Alliance was also supported by local politicians who arranged for 1,000+ army tents for the community for shelter until permanent housing could be built.

Community makeup
The Alliance Colony was primarily a farming community but also included various craftsmen, such as cabinetmaking, blacksmithing and masonry. Eventually a clothing factory was established, which is still in existence.

In 1901, there were 151 adults at Alliance and 345 children, 27 of whom were married.  There were 78 farms worth $135,250. The community owned  of land, of which 1,354 were cleared.

Alliance focused on education, building several well recognized schools as well as four synagogues--at least one of which still is in operation--as well as a Jewish cemetery.

Today
All of the Jewish Agricultural Societies of the late 19th century and early 20th century have faded away.

Remnants of Alliance Colony exist today, the cemetery is still in use for the Jewish communities in Cumberland and Salem Counties and is well maintained, the home of Moses Bayuk, the founder of the colony is still standing and there are plans to turn the property into a cultural center and museum.

The last known survivor of the Alliance Colony, Lillian Greenblatt Braun, celebrated her 100th birthday in 2005.  She died on October 20, 2015, aged 110.

The Jewish Federation of Cumberland, Gloucester & Salem Counties is currently working on building a Jewish Heritage Center on the property to commemorate the community's history, the history of Jews in America and their participation in farming.

The old Tifereth Israel synagogue, built in vernacular style in 1889 and disused in 1996, is  one of the few surviving 19th-century synagogues in the United States.

In 2017, William Levin, a descendant of Moses Bayuk, and his wife Malya Levin, publicly launched the Alliance Community Reboot project (also known as ACRe), in an effort to renew the agricultural life of the old Alliance Colony. They began a collaboration with local Jewish farmer Nathan Kleinman of the Experimental Farm Network, who planted various heritage grains and other heirloom plants on one of the fields owned by the Levins, close to the old Tifereth Israel synagogue. They plan to expand operations over the coming years.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the Alliance Colony include:
 Stanley Brotman (1924–2014), a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.
 Joseph B. Perskie (1885–1957), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court from 1933 to 1947.
 George Seldes (1890–1995), an American investigative journalist, foreign correspondent, editor, author, and media critic best known for the publication of the newsletter In Fact from 1940 to 1950.
 Gilbert Seldes (1893–1970), an American writer and cultural critic.

References

Communalism
History of New Jersey
Jewish-American history
Ashkenazi Jewish culture in New Jersey
Utopian communities in the United States
Historic Jewish communities in the United States
Populated places established in 1882
Russian-American culture in New Jersey
Russian-Jewish culture in the United States
1882 establishments in New Jersey
Ukrainian-Jewish culture in the United States
Pittsgrove Township, New Jersey


Janos Bardi (born 1923 in Budapest, d. 1990 in Hamburg) was a journalist and writer. He worked as a journalist until after World War II, when the authoritarian government then in power no longer allowed him to write for newspapers. He then worked as a deckhand but continued to write stories and satires, one of which caused him to be arrested. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, he escaped to West Germany where he found work as a journalist. Bardi continued to write short stories, radio plays, and satires for cabaret until his death in Hamburg in April 1990.

Sources

1923 births
1990 deaths
Writers from Budapest
German male journalists
German male writers
20th-century German journalists
Hungarian emigrants to Germany


Green House may refer to:

Buildings
Hong Kong
7 Mallory Street, a tenement block formerly known as Green House

Malta
The Green House, Sliema

United States
Jacob Green House, Ashville, Alabama, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in St. Clair County, Alabama
Green House (Little Rock, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Little Rock, Arkansas
Harley E. Green House, Bear, Arkansas, listed on the NRHP in Garland County, Arkansas
Green-Rankin-Bembridge House, Long Beach, California
Green Mansion House (Kenton, Delaware)
Green Mansion (Newark, Delaware)
Joseph Green House, Orange Park, Florida
Mitchell J. Green Plantation, Claxton, Georgia, listed on the NRHP in Evans County, Georgia
Green-Poe House, Macon, Georgia, listed on the NRHP in Bibb County, Georgia
Green-Meldrim House, Savannah, Georgia
John A. Green Estate, Anamosa, Iowa
William Green House (Rochester, Iowa), listed on the NRHP in Cedar County, Iowa
M. B. Green Site, Petersburg, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Boone County, Kentucky
Green-Lovelace House, Sicily Island, Louisiana, listed on the NRHP in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana
Jonathan Green House, Stoneham, Massachusetts
Green House (Wakefield, Massachusetts)
Capt. William Green House, Wakefield, Massachusetts
Deacon Daniel Green House, Wakefield, Massachusetts
Alanson Green Farm House, Goodrich, Michigan, listed on the NRHP in Genesee County, Michigan
Garner Wynn Green House, Jackson, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Hinds County, Mississippi
Duff Green House, Vicksburg, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Warren County, Mississippi
Jesse R. Green Homestead, Trident, Montana, listed on the NRHP in Gallatin County, Montana
William Green House (Ewing Township, New Jersey), listed on the NRHP in Mercer County, New Jersey
Green-Reading House, Ewing Township, New Jersey, listed on the NRHP in Mercer County, New Jersey
Joseph Green Farmhouse, Duanesburg, New York
John Green House (Huntington Bay, New York)
Asahel Green Farm, Middlesex, New York
Nathan and Clarissa Green House, Oswego, New York
Herman Green House, Raleigh, North Carolina, listed on the NRHP in Wake County, North Carolina
Green-Hartsfield House, Rolesville, North Carolina
Lucius Green House, Perry, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Lake County, Ohio
Bertha M. and Marie A. Green House, Portland, Oregon
Harry A. and Ada Green House, Portland, Oregon
Green-Evans House, Lynchburg, Tennessee, listed on the NRHP in Moore County, Tennessee
Sherwood Green House, Nolensville, Tennessee
Roland A. D. Green House, Abilene, Texas, listed on the NRHP in Taylor County, Texas
Rufus A. Green House, Bastrop, Texas, listed on the NRHP in Bastrop County, Texas
Henry G. and Annie B. Green House, Kendleton, Texas, listed on the NRHP in Fort Bend County, Texas
James Green House, Bountiful, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Davis County, Utah
Samuel Green House, Pleasant Grove, Utah
Alvin and Annie Green House, Sandy, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Salt Lake County, Utah
Albert and Letha Green House and Barn, Battle Ground, Washington
August G. and Theresa Green House, Stevens Point, Wisconsin

Other uses
 The Green House, a novel by Mario Vargas Llosa
 Green House Project, an American national non-profit organization
 "The Green House", a season 1 episode of The Loud House

See also
William Green House (disambiguation)
Greene House (disambiguation)
Greenhouse (disambiguation)


Interleukin-17A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17A gene. In rodents, IL-17A used to be referred to as CTLA8, after the similarity with a viral gene ().

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine regulates the activities of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. This cytokine can stimulate the expression of IL6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), as well as enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO).

Discovery

IL-17A, often referred to as IL-17, was originally discovered at transcriptional level by Rouvier et al. in 1993 from a rodent T-cell hybridoma, derived from the fusion of a mouse cytotoxic T cell clone and a rat T cell lymphoma. Human and mouse IL-17A were cloned a few years later by Yao and Kennedy. Lymphocytes including CD4+, CD8+, gamma-delta T (γδ-T), invariant NKT and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are primary sources of IL-17A. Non-T cells, such as neutrophils, have also been reported to produce IL-17A under certain circumstances. IL-17A producing T helper cells (Th17 cells) are a distinct lineage from the Th1 and Th2 CD4+ lineages and the differentiation of Th17 cells requires STAT3 and RORC.
IL-17A receptor A (IL-17RA) was first isolated and cloned from mouse EL4 thymoma cells and the bioactivity of IL-17A was confirmed by stimulating the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts. IL-17RA pairs with IL-17RC to allow binding and signaling of IL-17A and IL-17F.

Clinical significance

High levels of this cytokine are associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.

Autoimmune diseases
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease caused by immune cells, which attack and destroy the myelin sheath that insulates neurons in the brain and spinal cord. This disease and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have historically been associated with the discovery of Th17 cells. However, elevated expression of IL-17A in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions as well as peripheral blood has been documented before the identification of Th17 cells. Human TH17 cells have been shown to efficiently transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis lesions, promoting central nervous system inflammation.

Psoriasis is an auto-inflammatory skin disease characterized by circumscribed, crimson red, silver-scaled, plaque-like inflammatory lesions. Initially, psoriasis was considered to be a Th1-mediated disease since elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 was found in the serum and lesions of psoriasis patients. However, the finding of IL-17-producing cells as well as IL17A transcripts in the lesions of psoriatic patients suggested that Th17 cells may synergize with Th1 cells in driving the pathology in psoriasis. The levels of IL-17A in the synovium correlate with tissue damage, whereas levels of IFN-γ correlate with protection. Direct clinical significance of IL-17A in RA comes from recent clinical trials which found that two anti-IL-17A antibodies, namely secukinumab and ixekizumab significantly benefit these patients.

Th17 cells is also strongly associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic disorder with symptoms include chronic joint inflammation, autoantibody production, which lead to the destruction of cartilage and bone.

Th17 cells and IL-17 have also been linked to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Th17 cells infiltrate massively to the inflamed tissue of IBD patients and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Th17-related cytokines may initiate and amplify multiple pro-inflammatory pathways. Elevated IL-17A levels in IBD have been reported by several groups. Nonetheless, Th17 signature cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-22, may target gut epithelial cells and promote the activation of regulatory pathways and confer protection in the gastrointestinal tract.  To this end, recent clinical trials targeting IL-17A in IBD were negative and actually showed increased adverse events in the treatment arm.  This data raised the question regarding the role of IL-17A in IBD pathogenesis and suggested that the elevated IL-17A might be beneficial for IBD patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly referred as SLE or lupus, is a complex immune disorder affects the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain. Although the exact cause of lupus is not fully known, it has been reported that IL-17 and Th17 cells are involved in disease pathogenesis. It has been reported that serum IL-17 levels are also elevated in SLE patients compared to controls and the Th17 pathway has been shown to drive autoimmune responses in pre-clinical mouse models of lupus.  More importantly, IL-17- and IL-17-producing cells have also been detected in kidney tissue and skin biopsies from SLE patients.

Lung diseases

Elevated levels of IL-17A have been found in the sputum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with asthma and a positive correlation between IL-17A production and asthma severity has been established. In murine models, treatment with dexamethasone inhibits the release of Th2-related cytokines but does not affect IL-17A production. Furthermore, Th17 cell-mediated airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness are steroid resistant, indicating a potential role for Th17 cells in steroid-resistant asthma. However, a recent trial using anti-IL-17RA did not show efficacy in subjects with asthma.

Recent studies have suggested the involvement of immunological mechanisms in COPD. An increase in Th17 cells was observed in patients with COPD compared with current smokers without COPD and healthy subjects, and inverse correlations were found between Th17 cells with lung function. Gene expression profiling of bronchial brushings obtained from COPD patients also linked lung function to several Th17 signature genes such as SAA1, SAA2, SLC26A4 and LCN2. Animal studies have shown that cigarette smoke promotes pathogenic Th17 differentiation and induces emphysema, while blocking IL-17A using neutralizing antibody significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment and the pathological score of airway inflammation in tobacco-smoke-exposed mice.

Host defense

In host defense, IL-17A has been shown to be mostly beneficial against infection caused by extracellular bacteria and fungi.
The primary function of Th17 cells appears to be control of the gut microbiota as well as the clearance of extracellular bacteria and fungi. IL-17A and IL-17 receptor signaling has been shown to be play a protective role in host defenses against many bacterial and fungal pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Coccidioides posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. However, IL-17A seems to be detrimental in viral infection such as influenza through promoting neutrophilic inflammation.

The requirements of IL-17A and IL-17 receptor signaling in host defense were well documented and appreciated before the identification of Th17 cells as an independent T helper cell lineage. In experimental pneumonia models, IL-17A or IL-17RA knock mice have increased susceptibility to various Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In contrast, data suggest that IL-23 and IL-17A are not required for protection against primary infection by the intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  Both the IL-17RA knock out mice and the IL-23p19 knock out mice cleared primary infection with M. tuberculosis. However, IL-17A is required for protection against primary infection with a different intracellular bacteria, Francisella tularensis.

Mouse model studies using the IL-17RA knock out mice and the IL-17A knock out mice with the murine adapted influenza strain (PR8) as well as the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain [93] both support that IL-17A plays a detrimental role in mediating the acute lung injury.

The role of adaptive immune responses mediated by antigen specific Th17 has been investigated more recently. Antigen specific Th17 cells were also shown to recognize conserved protein antigens among different K. pneumoniae strains and provide broad-spectrum serotype-independent protection. Antigen specific CD4 T cells also limit nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae in mouse models. Furthermore, immunization with pneumococcal whole cell antigen and several derivatives provided IL-17-mediated, but not antibody dependent, protection against S. pneumoniae challenge. In fungal infection, it has been shown an IL-17 producing clone with a TCR specific for calnexin from Blastomyces dermatitidis confers protection with evolutionary related fungal species including Histoplasma spp.

Cancer
In tumorigenesis, IL-17A has been shown to recruit myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to dampen anti-tumor immunity. IL-17A can also enhance tumor growth in vivo through the induction of IL-6, which in turn activates oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and upregulates pro-survival and pro-angiogenic genes in tumors. The exact role of IL-17A in angiogenesis has yet to be determined and current data suggest that IL-17A can promote or suppress tumor development. IL-17A seemed to facilitate development of colorectal carcinoma by fostering angiogenesis via promote VEGF production from cancer cells and it has been shown that IL-17A also mediates tumor resistance to anti-VEGF therapy through the recruitment of MDSCs.

However IL-17A KO mice were more susceptible to developing metastatic lung melanoma, suggesting that IL-17A can possibly promote the production of the potent antitumor cytokine IFN-γ, produced by cytotoxic T cells. Indeed, data from ovarian cancer suggest that Th17 cells are positively correlated with NK cell–mediated immunity and anti-tumor CD8 responses.

Ocular diseases
The presence of IL-17 has been proven in a number of ocular diseases associated with neovascularization. Elevated concentration of IL-17 have been shown in vitreous fluid during proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Increased rates of Th17 cells and higher concentrations of IL-17 have been observed in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

As a drug target

The discovery of the key roles of IL-17A and IL-17A producing cells in inflammation, autoimmune diseases and host defense has led to the experimental targeting of the IL-17A pathway in animal models of diseases as well as in clinical trials in humans. Targeting IL-17A has been proven to be a good approach as anti-IL-17A is FDA approved for the treatment of psoriasis in 2015.

Secukinumab (anti-IL-17A) has been evaluated in psoriasis and the first report showing Secukinumab is effective when compared with placebo was published in 2010. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved anti-IL-17 for the treatment of psoriasis.

Other than the monoclonal antibodies, highly specific and potent inhibitors targeting Th17 specific transcription factor RORγt have been identified and found to be highly effective.

Vitamin D, a potent immunomodulator, has also been shown to suppress Th17 cell differentiation and function by several research groups.
The active form of vitamin D has been found to 'severely impair' production of the IL17 and IL-17F cytokines by Th17 cells.

See also
 Interleukin 17

Notes

References

Further reading

External links


Ravivarman Sharmila, best known as R. Sharmila (A Hindu Seli Dravida-Schedule Caste) is an Indian national carrom champion with excellent skill and control on the game. She born on 23 April 1981 to a lower-income family in Chennai. She started playing at 8 years of age and developed her game enough to be selected for the 1992 Tamil Nadu Sub-Junior Carrom Team at age 11.

Championships
 Winner 19th Sub-Junior National in the year 1993 (Doubles)
 Winner 21st Sub-Junior National in the year 1995, Delhi (Singles)
 Winner Senior National in 1998, 1999, 2000
 Won 3 Federation Cup Singles titles
 She brought laurels for the country, being a member of the Indian Carrom Team which defeated Sri Lanka by 3-0 in the Independence Cup Indo-Sri Lanka Test Series, held in Sri Lanka, 1998-99.

References

Tamil sportspeople
Living people
Indian carrom players
Game players from Tamil Nadu
Sportswomen from Tamil Nadu
Year of birth missing (living people)


Lisa Wedeen is Professor of Political Science and the College and Co-Director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory at the University of Chicago. In 1995, Wedeen received her Ph.D. in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. Her former advisor is Hanna Pitkin. She has taught courses on nationalism, identity formation, power and resistance, and citizenship. Her work on the Middle East includes Ambiguities of Domination, an ethnographic study of the culture of the spectacle in Syria under Hafez al-Assad.

Selected publications
 "Acting "As If": Symbolic Politics and Social Control in Syria" (1998)
 "Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria" (University of Chicago Press, 1999)
 "Authoritarian Apprehensions: Ideology, Judgment, and Mourning in Syria" (2019)
 "Concepts and Commitments in the Study of Democracy" in Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics (2004)
 "Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities For Political Science In "APSR" (2002)
 "Ethnography as an Interpretive Enterprise" (2009)
"Ideology and Humor in Dark Times: Notes from Syria" (2013)
 Peripheral Visions: Politics, Power, and Performance in Yemen (University of Chicago Press, 2008)
 "Reflections on Ethnographic Work in Political Science" (2010)
"Seeing Like a Citizen, Acting Like a State: Exemplary Events in Unified Yemen" in Comparative Studies in Society and History'' (2003)

References

External links
 Webpage on University of Chicago website
 Article in Vol 27 No. 18 of The University of Chicago Chronicle

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
University of Chicago faculty
American women political scientists
American political scientists
American women academics
21st-century American women


Al-Kashshaaf 'an Haqa'iq at-Tanzil, popularly known as Al-Kashshaaf  () is a seminal tafsir (commentary on the Qur'an) by Al-Zamakhshari written in the 12th century. Considered a primary source by major scholars, it is famous for its deep linguistic analysis, demonstrations of the supremacy of declamation of the Qur'an, and the representation of the method the Qur'an uses to convey meaning using literary elements and figurative speech. However, it is criticized for the inclusion of Muʿtazilah philosophical views.

Background

Al-Zamakhshari strongly insisted that scholars of the Muʿtazilah sect should have a basis tafsir of their own. Therefore, he started writing his commentary in 1132, after he was convinced by Emîr Ebü'l-Hasan İbn Vehhâs while he was residing in Mecca, and finished it in two years. He himself states that writing such a book in a short time is a blessing of God. During his research, he referred to many older works and commentaries, especially Zeccac’s Mean’il-Kuran, which constitutes the basis of his work.

Content

In the preface, it is pointed out that commenting on the Quran is a challenging and difficult effort; and any mufassir willing to do so must have deep knowledge of Arabic language, literature, eloquence and culture, alongside critical thinking skills, a highly disciplined way of studying and general academic skills.
Comments are a blend of logic and narrative, including many hadith (though the only source stated for these narratives is Sahih Muslim) and older accounts of Arabic poems. A very elegant analysis of words is done throughout the commentary, while figurative expressions are broken down, and appropriate qira'at is chosen where needed. Abrogated verses are indicated along with their successors. Verses containing Islamic jurisprudence are deduced according to the Hanafi school of law. Verses that seem contrary are reconciled.

Criticism

Muʿtazilah viewpoint

One of the most criticized aspects of Al-Zamakhshari’s interpretations is his adaptation of Quranic verses according to a Mu’tazilite viewpoint. For those who vehemently oppose the Mu'tazilites and their views, Al-Zamakhshari has purportedly interpreted verses that cohere with his viewpoint as muhkam (rigid or univocal), and those which do not as mutashabih (ambiguous, equivocal, or allegorical). Thus, opponents of the Mu'tazilites accused him of "abandoning the apparent meanings" of some verses for the sake of preserving a strict Mu’tazilah view. Consequently, some have made "responses" to Al-Zamakhshari's, such as ِِ'Al-'intişaaf min Al-Kashshaaf "Vengeance against Al-Kashshaaf" by Ibn Munir Al-Sakandari (1223-1284).

Editions

There are at least three different editions of the book. Ibn Hisham Nahvi speculated some errors with some meanings given to certain words, correcting them in his own edition of the book.

Related works
 Tafsir al-Baydawi is largely a condensed and amended edition of Al-Kashshaaf
 Tafsir al-Nisaburi

External links
 You can't tell a book by its author: A study of Muʿtazilite theology in al-Zamakhsharī's (d. 538/1144) Kashshāf

References

Tafsir works
12th-century Arabic books


Great Ballard School is a co-educational independent school for children aged 2½ to 16 years. It was founded in 1924 and set up at its current location in Eartham, near Chichester, West Sussex, England, in 1961. The headmaster is Matthew King.

Eartham House
The school's main building, Eartham House, was originally built in 1800 and was occupied by the poet William Hayley. The house was subsequently purchased by William Huskisson, a prominent nineteenth-century politician who was a member of parliament for Chichester and served in the governments of Lord Liverpool and the Duke of Wellington. Huskisson, despite his high-profile political career, is best remembered for the tragic manner of his death – he was run over by George Stephenson's locomotive engine The Rocket at the opening of the Liverpool to Manchester railway line in 1830.

Eartham House was entirely rebuilt in 1905 to designs by the architect Edwin Lutyens, but some Regency decorations and fireplaces are still retained in one room. The house was listed as a Grade II listed building by the Ministry of Works in 1958.

School history
Since its founding, the school has had many homes, including the original site at New Milton Hampshire. It remained there until the Second World War, when it was relocated to Dorset and then to Stowell Park in Gloucestershire, where it stayed until 1947. For a short time it was then at Cordwalles, Camberley, Surrey, where the Queen had carried out her ATS training, until a fire forced a temporary return to Stowell Park. After repairs, the school remained in Camberley until moving to its current location in 1961, chosen because the area around its home at Camberley had become more urbanised.

Notable alumni
 Julien Fountain, cricketer and baseball player
 Richard Meredith, author
 Honeysuckle Weeks, actress

References

External links
 School website

Private schools in West Sussex
Grade II listed educational buildings
Grade II listed buildings in West Sussex
Works of Edwin Lutyens in England


The African Malaria Network Trust (AMANET) is a pan-African international NGO headquartered in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It originally started its activities as African Malaria Vaccine Testing Network (AMVTN) in 1995 with the primary goal of preparing Africa in planning and conducting malaria vaccine trials. In order to widen the scope in malaria interventions, AMVTN was succeeded by AMANET on 14 March 2002. Although the primary goal of AMANET has remained malaria vaccine development, the organization in its expanded role includes other intervention measures such as antimalaria drugs and vector control.

Precedence

Malaria is a preventable disease that afflicts hundreds of millions of people causing among them untoward socio-economic suffering including a vicious cycle of abject poverty, brain damage, other irreversible disabilities, and over one million deaths per year. Notwithstanding this leading disease burden, malaria has yet to get the status it deserves on the political and other relevant agenda of endemic communities and development partners.

For centuries, malaria has adversely affected the history of sub-Saharan Africa; its control during the past century however concentrated on urban areas where colonial authorities and traders lived and in agricultural estates and mines whose products sustained industries in the colonizing countries. When the global malaria eradication program was showing signs of success, which coincided with the wave of national independence, the eradication program was abandoned in Africa on the pretext of mainly administrative and financial constraints. However, the strategies were continued elsewhere. As a consequence, the malaria situation in Africa worsened; now Africa bears the brunt of the world malaria burden estimated at 500 million malaria cases and up to 3 million malaria deaths per annum, and costing an estimated US$12 billion annually.

Continued failure of current strategies (prompt diagnosis, early correct treatment, and the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) calls for a need to develop entirely new tools that would contribute to the fight of a resilient enemy and reverse its devastation. Over the last three decades there has been considerable interest in research and development of malaria vaccines. Research results that have been obtained so far show that malaria vaccine candidates would differ not only in their biological properties, but also in their eventual applications.
Vaccines have been exceptionally effective against a number of diseases and have become one of the safest and most cost-effective weapons in medicine's arsenal against communicable disease. Perhaps no other intervention has had such a dramatic impact on the health and well-being of our society as the introduction of vaccines.

Establishment
In 1995 at a conference held in Arusha, Tanzania, 81 malaria researchers from Africa, Europe and North America established the African Malaria Vaccine Testing Network (AMVTN) in order to prepare Africa for planning, undertaking and coordinating malaria vaccine trials In order to widen the scope in malaria interventions, and to operate within a legal framework, AMVTN was succeeded by AMANET in 2002. Although the primary goal of AMANET has remained malaria vaccine development, in its expanded role the organization would also support study into other intervention approaches such as antimalarial drugs, diagnostics and vector control. AMANET is committed to the creation of an environment for enabling the development of African centres of excellence in malaria research through capacity strengthening of African scientists and institutions.

Mission
The mission of AMANET is to promote capacity strengthening and networking of malaria research and development in Africa.

Broad objective
To continue developing self-sustainable centres in Africa that meet international requirements for conducting malaria intervention trials.

Organization Structure
The organization structure of AMANET comprises the General Assembly, Board of Trustees, the Secretariat, Scientific Coordinating Committee, Scientific Advisory Panel, Trial Sites Development Committee and Expert Committees.

The General Assembly comprising representatives of malaria R&D institutions in Africa and allied institutions outside Africa is the topmost organ. It generally meets every two years and is responsible for electing the Board of Trustees and the Scientific Coordinating Committee.

The Board of Trustees is the ultimate authority in matters of policy and investment. It oversees the general governance, regulation and control of AMANET.

The Scientific Coordinating Committee is constituted of senior research scientists elected by the General Assembly. It is responsible for receiving and reviewing reports from the Secretariat and from the Expert Committees. The SCC advises the board of trustees on scientific matters. Its functions also include the reviewing of research proposals and letters of expression of interest and the monitoring and evaluation of ongoing and completed research projects.

The Secretariat is the executive organ of the Trust, serving the Board of Trustees and all the committees.

The Trial Sites Development Committee a committee of experts appointed by the board of trustees from SCC to advise AMANET on specific issues relating to the development of trial sites.

The Scientific Advisory Panel is a panel of experts from various disciplines from whom ad hoc Expert Committees are formed to advise AMANET on specific research and scientific issues.

Product research and development
Among the cherished goals of AMANET is to develop sustainable human and infrastructure capacity for African owned and led institutions to undertake malaria vaccine trials that are appropriate for Africans living in malaria-endemic areas. The current focus is to support the creation of a spectrum of interventional tools, especially vaccines that are efficacious, acceptable, affordable and readily accessible. The following are AMANET's candidate malaria vaccine portfolio:
 The Merozoite Surface Protein - Long Synthetic Peptide (MSP3 LSP):  This is the leading product which has already been shown to be safe in adults in Africa. The vaccine is currently undergoing testing for safety in children both in Burkina Faso and shortly in Tanzania. Should the safety profile be established to be safe, the vaccine will be taken through phase IIb immunogenicity trials that would also establish the proof of limited efficacy
 The Apical Membrane Antigen (AMA1): This the second vaccine in development and is now undergoing phase Ib evaluation in adults Mali. During the last quarter of 2007, an evaluation of the safety results was done, and AMA1 was found to be safe in African adults..
 The GMZ2: The third vaccine in the portfolio was recently initiated in phase Ib adult study in Gabon. This product is expected to undergo a similar developmental pathway should it continue to have good results. This product is unique because it is a hybrid molecule with two potential targets on the malaria parasite; GLURP and MSP3.

It is expected that within the next three years several trials of these candidate vaccines shall be undertaken at the auspices of AMANET.  Other candidate vaccines which meet the required profile are welcome to the AMANET malaria vaccine development programme.

Capacity strengthening
Human resource and infrastructure development for malaria interventions in Africa is of up most priority to AMANET. This goal is being realized through both short-term trainings as well as direct financial support of the core centres. AMANET conducts short-term trainings through various workshops conducted throughout Africa, around six times a year. Additionally AMANET supports long-term training of individuals from AMANET funded sites which include:
 Tanzania-National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) Tanga: The programme has steadily continued. We are currently preparing the site for the first vaccine trial of MSP3 in children 1–2 years. The site characterization activities are near completion; Two staff members at the site are currently taking AMANET sponsored long term training programs at MSc and PhD level.
 Zambia-Tropical Diseases Research Centre (TDRC) Ndola: The centre is on the capacity development programme having received a strengthening grant. Two AMANET sponsored students are completing the training masters level.
 Burkina Faso-Centre de National Recherché et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP) Ouagadougou: The site is currently conducting phase Ib trial of the MSP3 candidate vaccine. Two immunologists were sent to Netherlands for two weeks on specific training to transfer technology and establish cellular assays. This has led to technology transfer with their lab now able to handle the relevant immunological assays to support the clinical trials.
 Uganda-The Makerere University: The site has become the newest to receive a grant from AMANET for capacity strengthening in preparation for vaccine trials. It has, in parallel, received a grant for ethics committee strengthening.

Building institutional capacities in Health Research Ethics in Africa
This is a new project at AMANET funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation aimed at strengthening Health Research Ethics (HRE) capacity in Africa. The project aims at ensuring that as the African populations are recruited into health research projects, the protection of their welfare and interests is enhanced. The HRE project has three parts: building Health Research Ethics capacity, online Health Research Ethics discussion forum and Ask the Expert/Ethicist.

The HRE capacity building project focuses on training ethics committee members on Research Ethics in order to improve the ethical review process of committees that are mandated to safeguard the welfare of research participants. In order to concentrate on activities that have greater potential to strengthen the Ethics Committees, a baseline survey was conducted to identify area of weakness that need to be addressed. A cohort of 21 Ethics Committees is being enrolled in this project and will be involved in various activities aimed at addressing areas of weakness in the review process. These committees are being provided with a sub-grant to support infrastructure and administration at their committees.

Overall, activities are spread over a period of three years, and they include, besides capacity strengthening and infrastructure support, a series of eight Research Ethics training workshops, two of which will be in French (for the benefit of the participating Francophone countries). Through the workshops, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) will be developed/improved, and an additional workshop focussing on harmonization of SOPs will be organised. In addition, a workshop on Research Ethics will be organised specifically for investigators.

It is envisaged that overall the HRE capacity building programme will contribute towards the establishment of competent and independent Ethics Committees that have well-equipped offices, functional and harmonised SOPs, electronic databases and archiving systems, and trained members who network and interact through online discussion forum and workshops.

The Afro Immuno-Assay Network
Afro Immuno-Assay Network, started by AMANET in 2003, has been working on developing standardized immunological assays using the same reagents and statistical tools to assess the association between acquisition of malaria specific antibody responses starting with four potential malaria vaccine candidate antigens and subsequent protection from clinical malaria. This is a concerted network of eight African countries/Institutions with different geographical and epidemiological settings comprising low to holoendemic malaria and three supporting European institutions. Now the AIA network is under a new five-year project, within the European Malaria Vaccine Development Association (EMVDA) Consortium. In this Integrated Project, the AIA network focuses on standardization and validation of its immunological assays, expand to include new partners, further training for participating African immunologists and enhancement of laboratory expertise to include functional assays required for malaria vaccine evaluation.

Short and long-term training
During the first Strategic Planning period, AMANET supported and organized several training workshops which benefited over 1000 African malaria researchers and associated personnel.  In the process a comprehensive repository of expertise essential for the evaluation of malaria interventions, is being built up. Some of the former AMANET trainees have become experts in these areas. During this strategic plan period, AMANET will draw upon this vast expertise to constitute teams of trainers that facilitate short term training for AMANET beneficiary institutions, and for others upon request. The training will be in such areas as Health Research Ethics review in Africa; development of Standard Operating Procedures for Ethical Review Committee; Health Research Ethics for Investigators; Good Laboratory Practice and Standard Operating Procedures; Good clinical practice; Good Clinical Practice for African clinical monitors; Design, methodology and data management in intervention trials; Roles and operations of Data Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMB).

Given the ever-rising demands for AMANET short-term training, alternative teaching methods have been developed and are being utilized. Web-based training on health research ethics (HRE) is in good progress. The AMANET HRE web-based course has been very successfully accessed through the AMANET website. The online course was launched in September 2006 and to date over 150 participants have successfully completed the course and over 430 candidates have registered for the course. Participants have been drawn from Africa, Europe and the US. Based on its success, AMANET has acquired other resources to continue the project and also expand the e-learning opportunities to include other courses such a GCP, French version of the same course, and an Advanced Ethics Course.

The Multilateral Initiative on Malaria
From January 2006, AMANET became host to the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Secretariat. This is a global alliance of individuals, funding partners and four autonomous constituents comprising the MIM Secretariat, MIM/TDR, MIMCom and MR4. Its mission is to strengthen and sustain, through collaborative research and training, to carry out research that is required to develop and improve tools for malaria control, and to strengthen the research control interphase.

Acknowledgements
AMANET acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands), the Danish International Development Agency, the European Commission's Directorate-General Research and AIDCO, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership and the African Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Secretariat for including AMANET in their portfolio for EDF9 support.

References

External links
 Website

International medical and health organizations
Organizations established in 2002
Medical and health organisations based in Tanzania
Malaria organizations
2002 establishments in Tanzania


Mikhail Afanasyev (, ; born 4 November 1986) is a Belarusian former professional footballer.

Club career
He was signed by FC Amkar Perm in February 2008. Afanasyev joined Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino in January 2020.

International career
Afanasyev was the captain of the Belarus U21 team and participated in all three of the Belarusians' games at the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. He conceded a handball in the game against Italy U21, resulting in a penalty, which contributed to the 1–2 loss. Afanasyev holds the record for the most matches played and is also the highest goal scorer for the U-21 side. On 13 November 2009, he made his international debut for the Belarus B team, against Saudi Arabia B team in a friendly match.

Honours
MTZ-RIPO Minsk
Belarusian Cup winner: 2005

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Minsk
Belarusian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Belarusian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Belarusian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Russian Premier League players
FC Minsk-2 players
FC BATE Borisov players
FC Partizan Minsk players
FC Amkar Perm players
FC Kuban Krasnodar players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
FC Dinamo Minsk players
FC Gomel players
FC Atyrau players
FC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players
FC Belshina Bobruisk players
FC Torpedo-BelAZ Zhodino players
FC Fakel Voronezh players
FC Isloch Minsk Raion players


Auerbach () is a village in the municipality Horgau near Augsburg (13 km) in the district of Augsburg, in Swabia - Bavaria, southern Germany.

External links
  History of Auerbach - (Horgau)
  Map of Auerbach - (BayernViewer)

Augsburg (district)


Maurice Faure (2 January 1922 – 6 March 2014) was a member of the French Resistance and a minister in several French governments. He was born in Azerat, Dordogne.

He was a deputy in the French parliament from 1951 to 1983 and a Senator from 1983 to 1988, representing Lot and served 25 years as Mayor of Cahors. Faure was appointed to the Constitutional Council of France by President François Mitterrand.

As secretary to the French foreign minister, he co-signed the Treaty of Rome for France in 1957, thus helping to create the European Union.

In 1957, Faure was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria.

Faure died in March 2014 at the age of 92 in Cahors, Lot. He was a Protestant in his youth.

References

External links
 Maurice Faure

1922 births
2014 deaths
People from Dordogne
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Radical Party (France) politicians
Radical Party of the Left politicians
French interior ministers
French Ministers of Justice
Government ministers of France
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 4th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 5th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 6th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 7th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Lot (department)
French Resistance members
French people of the Algerian War
Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria


California Dreaming is a novel by Zoey Dean, part of The A-List series about teens in Beverly Hills.

Plot summary

The book picks up with Anna Percy leaving for Bali with her childhood friend, Logan. Unfortunately, there is a problem with the plane so it turns around and heads back to L.A. When Sam hears news of the troubled flight, she turns to fiancée Eduardo and proposes that if Anna is safe, then they will get married within the week. Anna indeed does make it out safely from the plane and at the airport, her father and Sam are waiting for her. Ben was also there, watching from afar but decides to leave when he sees Anna and Logan kiss, not wanting to ruin the happy moment.

Before going to the airport, Ben was with Cammie at the new club, Bye Bye Love, when Adam Flood unexpectedly showed up, hoping to get back together with Cammie. Sam meets her parents Jackson and Dina, who flew in for the occasion, to meet Eduardo's parents, Consuela and Pedro, to discuss the engagement. The adults are hesitant about the marriage since Sam will be at USC film school and Eduardo will be in Paris for work. Sam doesn't know if she wants to give up her place at her dream school just to be with Eduardo in a different country and tells the others she is not ready to make her decision. Similarly, Anna is indecisive over whether to go to Yale as planned or go with Logan to Bali. Instead, she decides to finish the screenplay on her laptop that she started in Manhattan and sends it to Sam.

Sam asks Cammie to be her Maid Of Honor and for Dee to be a bridesmaid, excited for the wedding but when she attends a USC orientation, she is surprised to find herself excited for school. Later, Sam is annoyed that Cammie is concentrating on her club rather than the wedding so she appoints Dee as her new maid of honor.

Anna is with Logan when she gets an emergency call-her dad at the hospital with a case of subdural hematoma. Sam also comes to the hospital to show support for Anna. Ben also shows up, tipped off by Sam, and apologizes to Anna shows up saying that he's sorry how things turned out between them. Susan, Anna's estranged sister, arrives and offers to take care of their father so Anna can be free to go to Yale.

Sam reads Anna's screenplay, but does not tell her. Instead, she goes to Marty Martison,a huge movie producer, to see if it can be made but she leaves disappointed. Later on, Sam goes for a fitting on her new dress designed by Giselle and suspects she is a lesbian. After Dina arrives, the two have a heart-to-heart conversation about why Dina was never present in her life.

Anna makes her final decision and tells Logan she hasn't regretted anything they've done together, but she's not going to Bali with him and she is not attending Yale either. Sam begins having pre-wedding jitters and starts to wonder if she is too young to get married when she walks in to her father and mother kissing. Sam goes back to the rehearsal to say she can't get married, but her parents try to convince her it is only pre-wedding jitters. Cammie disagrees and announces that Sam doesn't want to get married at all. Eduardo is hurt and tells Sam he wishes he never met her.

Sam and Anna are out for drinks next day and they decide to make big plans for Anna's last day. Sam calls Cammie, who is with Ben. The two agree to be just be friends when she receives Sam's call who tells her to grab her bridesmaid's dress and meet her and Anna on Jackson Sharpe's boat.

While on the boat, Anna is confronted by none other than Marty Maritson, saying that he read her screenplay and offers to make a deal. Anna is shocked but quickly agrees, one the condition that Sam directs. Anna talks to Sam and they agree to change the title to The A-List and start discussing actors to star in it, setting the stage for The A-List: Hollywood Royalty. Cammie goes to Adam and apologizes to him, saying she will move to Michigan to be with him, just to be together but Adam reveals he will be attending Pomona, a college nearby. The two kiss and get back together.

While Sam's mom and dad are getting remarried, a helicopter enters with Eduardo who apologizes to Sam and asks her to keep in touch. Anna and Ben meet up and Anna tells him she loves him. The books ends with the two sharing their first kiss since their break up. This book is the last novel in the series.

2008 American novels
Novels set in Los Angeles


Santa Rosa was a  built in Alameda, California, for Northwestern Pacific Railroad. She started out serving Southern Pacific Railways on their Golden Gate Ferries line on San Francisco Bay.

She was purchased by the Puget Sound Navigation Company in 1940, and moved to Puget Sound.  Puget Sound Navigation Company, believing that a single ended ferry would be more economical and faster, replaced her engines and converted her to a single-ended ferry, effectively making her no longer a true Steel Electric-class ferry.  She was also renamed MV Enetai, which is the name she kept when she was later acquired by Washington State Ferries who took over operations in 1951. The ferry was returned to San Francisco after her sale in 1968, but sat largely unused until purchased by Hornblower Cruises in 1989. Hornblower restored her aft wheelhouse in an attempt to make her look like her original profile from 1927, however the passenger cabin retained the remodeled outline from her 1941 single-end conversion.  She is currently moored at Pier 3 in San Francisco, where she serves as office space  for Hornblower's Northern California Operations and also as Corporate Headquarters for Hornblower's suite of companies which include:
 Hornblower Cruises & Events
 Alcatraz Cruises
 Statue Cruises
 Niagara Cruises
 Liberty Landing Ferry
 Hornblower Classic Cable Cars
 NYC Ferry Service
The Ferryboat Santa Rosa has since been retired from rental events.

References

External links
 with the National Park Service (pdf)
 with the National Park Service (pdf)

Ferries of California
Ships built in Alameda, California
1927 ships
Washington State Ferries vessels
Ships of the United States
National Register of Historic Places in San Francisco
Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in California


"The Running Man" is a short story by American writer Bill Pronzini. The story was originally published in Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine in January 1968. It was later published again in the Fall-Winter 1979 edition of Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology - Volume 5. Its original copyright belongs to H.S.D. Publications Inc.

Plot
The story takes place at a diner in the warm deserts of Arizona. The protagonist, Jack, walks through the desert thinking about his love, Karen. He arrives at a diner in which the cook and his daughter, the waitress, were alone. Later on, after Jack gets his food, two well-dressed men, Frank and Earl, come into the diner. Unexpectedly, the two men pull out guns, not to rob the place but to quiet the people and prepare them for what is about to happen. They explain that there would shortly be a man coming to the diner, to find a car that will take him to his destination but the car will not be there. Frank and Earl will be instead.

References

1968 short stories
Mystery short stories
Works originally published in Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine


Nicholas Matthew(s) Condy, or Nicholas Condy the Younger, or Junior (1818 – 20 May 1851) was a British maritime painter.

Life

Birth and education
He was born on 12 May 1818 in Dover to Nicholas Condy (1793–1857) and Ann Trevanion Condy (née Pyle; 1792–1860), but baptised on 6 April 1824 in Plymouth, St Andrew.  His father was a painter of landscapes, and they are often confused with each other. He went to the Mount Radford School in Exeter and later studied under The Reverend C Thomas of Lew Trenchard. Intended for a career in the Army or Navy, he instead became a professional marine painter.

Artistic career
His work attracted the early admiration of the Earl of Egremont, J. M. W. Turner’s patron. Three of his sea-pieces were exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1842 to 1845, which gave hopes of his becoming a distinguished artist.

Death
He lived in Plymouth until his sudden and premature death at the Grove, Plymouth, on 20 May 1851 when aged only thirty-two.  He left a widow, Flora Ross, the third daughter of Major John Lockhart Gallie, of the 28th Regiment and a daughter, Harriet Charlotte Florence Pigott Condy (1846–1880) who married the painter Walter Duncan (1848–1932). After his death Flora married her cousin Samuel Charles Roby.

Style and artistic achievement
Condy used a detailed knowledge of ships acquired in his home town to paint accurate ship portraits, and his native Devon countryside is featured in such paintings as Ships off Devonport and The Post Office Packet Shelldrake off Falmouth (both in the National Maritime Museum, London). He was a successful and established artist whose work is still sought after today.

References

Attribution

External links

1816 births
1851 deaths
19th-century English painters
English male painters
British marine artists
Artists from Plymouth, Devon
People educated at Mount Radford School
19th-century English male artists


Thomas Corr (born 9 July 1962) is a former amateur boxer. He was born in Ireland. Corr won a bronze medal for Ireland at the 1982 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Munich, West Germany in the light middleweight division. He also won a bronze medal representing Northern Ireland at the 1982 Commonwealth Games.

1982 World championships record
Defeated Dennis Milton, (United States) points 3:2
Defeated Mirosław Kuźma, (Poland) points 3:2
Lost to Alexander Koshkin, (USSR) points 5:0

1982 Commonwealth Games record
Defeated David Hall, (Australia) points
Defeated Paul Lewis, (Wales) points
Lost to Shawn O'Sullivan, (Canada) KO Round 2

1984 Olympics record
Defeated Arigoma Mayero, (Zimbabwe), points 5:0
Lost to Jeremiah Okorodudu, (Nigeria) points 4:1

References

External links
profile

Light-middleweight boxers
Male boxers from Northern Ireland
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Northern Ireland
Boxers at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Olympic boxers for Ireland
Boxers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Living people
1962 births
Irish male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Medallists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games


Located at Six Corners in the Portage Park neighborhood of Chicago's Northwest Side, the Portage Theater is one of the oldest movie houses in Chicago. The Portage Theater opened on December 11, 1920 as the Portage Park Theatre (the former name is still visible on the building's facade). Built for the Ascher Brothers circuit with 1,938 seats, the Portage was the first theater built specifically for film (and not vaudeville) in the area.

The Portage Theater's interior features a megaphone-shaped auditorium based on a formal Beaux-Arts opera house design. When the theater was taken over by Balaban and Katz in 1940, its marquee, entrance lobby and foyer were redecorated in a sleek, streamlined art deco style to complement other prominent art deco designs at Six Corners such as Sears department store and the Klee Brothers building.

The Portage remained a popular fixture of the neighborhood, becoming a second-run movie house in the 1960s. In the 1980s, the theater underwent a dramatic change when a wall was constructed down the middle of the existing auditorium, resulting in two oddly-shaped cinemas. The Portage was shuttered in 2001 after operating sporadically for the previous couple years. The theater was restored and renovated, and reopened after a five-year hiatus in the spring of 2006 as a single-screen, 1300-plus seat theater showing both silent and sound classic motion pictures as well as hosting other live events.

Today the historic Portage Theater is the home of the Silent Film Society of Chicago and hosts the Chicago Silent Film Festival as well as portions of the Chicago Polish Film Festival. In addition, the interior of the theater was utilized extensively in late May 2008 for filming of scenes for the film Public Enemies which is based on the life of 1930s bank robber John Dillinger. The interior of the Portage was reportedly used as a stand-in for the Biograph Theater on Lincoln Avenue, where Dillinger viewed his last movie before being fatally wounded by FBI agents upon exiting the theater.

References

External links
 http://www.theportagetheater.com//
 "Celluloid, Graft & Puppies: The (Abbreviated) Portage Theater Story": Detailed history of the theater and its building on Gapers Block

Art Deco architecture in Illinois
Cinemas and movie theaters in Chicago
Concert halls in Illinois
Chicago Landmarks
Music venues in Chicago
Polish-American culture in Chicago
Theatres completed in 1920
Theatres in Chicago


Ramnagar Manikyam Shankara, best known as R. M. Shankara, is a two-time World Carrom Champion from Karnataka, India. He has been a several-time Indian national champion, beginning with this victory at Jalandhar in 2000.

Achievements
 Winner : Karnataka State Carrom Championship 2000
 Winner : Senior National Championship 2000(Jalandhar)
 Winner : World Championship 2000
 Winner : Malaysian Open International 2000
 Winner : 2nd U.S Open 2003
 Winner : International Carrom Federation Cup, Cannes 2003
 Winner : Senior National 2003(Bangalore)
 Winner : SAARC Championship, Dhaka 2003
 Winner :Indo - Sri Lanka Test 2002 & 2004
 Runner Up: World Cup 2001, Lutton

References

External links
 Punjab State Carrom Association (Reg'd.)

Living people
Indian carrom players
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Game players from Karnataka


Elijah David Rabinowitz-Teomim (11 June 1843—10 March 1905), also known by his acronym ADeReT, was a Lithuanian rabbi in the 19th century who served as the leader of the Jewish community of Panevėžys, as the rabbi of Mir, led the Ashkenazi community in Jerusalem, and published many brilliant original arguments in Torah jurisprudence.

Biography
Rabinowitz-Teomim was born in the town of Pikeln. At the age of five his mother died and from then on, his father, Rabbi Benjamin Rabinowitz, raised him and his brother, Tzvi-Yehudah, alone. He studied Talmud and rabbinics under the tutelage of his father and by the age of fifteen he had acquired a substantial knowledge of Talmudic and rabbinic literature. Rabinowitz-Teomim was married to Feige Minna, with whom he had seven children. His daughter Batsheva married Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook in 1886; however she died a few years later, whereupon Rabinowitz-Teomim encouraged Rabbi Kook to marry his niece (the daughter of his brother Tzvi-Yehudah). He encouraged Rabbi Kook to become the Chief Rabbi of Jaffa.

He died on 3 Adar 5665 (10 March 1905).  He is buried on the Mount of Olives.

Rabbinical career
In 1875, he was invited to serve the rabbinate of the town of Panevėžys (Poneviezh). In 1893, he was appointed as the Rosh Yeshiva of Mir, where he served until 1899. He then immigrated to Jerusalem. In 1901, he was appointed as assistant to the aging Rabbi Shmuel Salant, who was the chief rabbi of the Ashkenazi Perushim community in Jerusalem.

Published works
Rabinowitz-Teomim was a prolific writer and penned over 120 books. His work includes original insights on Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, as well as on the Talmud in his works, "Ha-Tebunah," "Kebod ha-Lebanon," "Ha-Ẓofeh," "Ha-Maggid," "Keneset Ḥakme Yisrael," "'Iṭṭur Soferim," and "Keneset ha-Gedolah." Much of his work has also been disseminated alongside the works of others to whom he gave his approbation. Recently several publishing houses have decided to print his works, thereby spurring renewed interest in his thought. Some of these texts include, “Seder Eliyahu”, an autobiography, “Teffilat David”, an explication of the meaning of the Siddur, “Cheshbonos Shel Mitzvah”, an exposition on the 613 biblical commandments, “Seder Parshios”, a commentary on the weekly portion of the Torah, “Zecher Lemikdash”, a work concerning rabbinic precepts intended to be observed as a remembrance of the Temple, and many others.

Legacy
Several centres of Torah education throughout Israel are named after Rabinowitz-Teomim, such as Yeshivat Bnei Akiva Aderet high school in the city of Bat Yam.

References

External links

 Biography of Rabbi Rabinowitz Teomim

1843 births
1905 deaths
19th-century Lithuanian rabbis
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Lithuanian Orthodox rabbis
Ashkenazi rabbis in Ottoman Palestine
Rosh yeshivas
People from Panevėžys
20th-century rabbis in Jerusalem


The Bailiwick of Guernsey (French: Bailliage de Guernesey) is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.

Bailiwick includes
As well as the island of Guernsey itself, it also includes:

Alderney together with:
 Burhou
 Ortac
 Les Casquets
 Houmet des Pies
 Île de Raz
 L'Étac de la Quoire
 Houmet de Clonque
Sark together with:
 Brecqhou (Brechou)
 Le Nesté
 Les Burons
 Baleine
 Moie de Pot
 Moie de Brenière
 Moie de Port Gorey
 Moie de la Bretagne
 Moie de la Fontaine
 Moie de Gouliot
 Moie de Mouton
 Tintageu
 Les Autelets
 Le Grand Autelet
 L'Épile
 Le Blanc Autelet (Le Petit Autelet)
 Bec du Nez (Oystercatcher's Rock)
 La Petite Moie
 La Grande Moie
 L'Étac de Serk
 La Noire Pute

Herm together with:
Caquorobert
 Jethou
 Crevichon
 Fauconnière
 Goubinnière
 Les Ferrières
 Les Ânons
Guernsey together with:
 Lihou
 Lihoumel
 Les Houmets
 Bréhon
 Les Hanois (see also Les Hanois Lighthouse)
 Le Bisé
 Le Grand Hanois
 Le Petit Hanois
 La Percée
 Round Rock
 La Grosse Rocque
 Les Tas de Pois d'Amont
 Les Tas de Pois d'Aval
 La Grosse Rocque
 La Platte Fougère
 La Conchée

References

Islands
Guernsey
Geography of Guernsey


Trinity Episcopal Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic Episcopal
church located at 204 State Road 26, in the Alachua County portion of Melrose, Florida in the United States. It is a contributing property in the Melrose Historic District.

History
The history of the church began in 1881 when the first Episcopal service was held in Melrose. In April 1886 Trinity was organized as a mission by Bishop John Freeman Young of the Episcopal Diocese of Florida. Between 1885 and 1886 the 20 x 40 foot church was constructed by E. L. Judd, a local carpenter, who followed a design based on the work of architect Richard Upjohn. Bishop Young had known Upjohn when he was assistant rector of Trinity Church, New York and was a proponent of using Carpenter Gothic in church construction. Except for its glass windows and brick foundation piers and chimney, the building was built entirely of local pine. The siding is board and batten with both inside and outside battens. The chimney was  removed  1887 in order to install a pipe organ and to provide room for a sanctuary and a sacristy.

Current use
Trinity Episcopal Church has functioned continually as a place of worship since its founding. It was a Mission Church in the Diocese of Florida until January 31, 2010, when it was received by The Diocesan Convention as a Parish Church. The Church called its first full-time priest in the spring of 2008, and the Reverend Dr. Jeffrey A. Mackey began as Vicar on July 1, 2008. Upon receiving Parish status, the Bishop of Florida, the Rt. Rev. Samuel Johnson Howard, named Father Mackey as Rector of the Parish.

Gallery

See also

Melrose Historic District
 Trinity Episcopal Church (disambiguation)

References

External links

Churches in Alachua County, Florida
Episcopal church buildings in Florida
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in Florida
Historic district contributing properties in Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Alachua County, Florida
1886 establishments in Florida
Churches completed in 1886