Underworld: Rise of the Lycans is a 2009 American action horror film directed by Patrick Tatopoulos from a screenplay by Danny McBride, Dirk Blackman, and Howard McCain, based on a story by Len Wiseman, Robert Orr, and McBride. It is a prequel to Underworld (2003) and the third installment in the Underworld film series. The film stars Michael Sheen, Bill Nighy, Rhona Mitra, Steven Mackintosh, and Kevin Grevioux. The plot focuses primarily on the origins of the characters and the events that lead up to the Vampire–Lycan war. Kate Beckinsale, who starred in the previous Underworld films, appears briefly at the end of the film.

Underworld: Rise of the Lycans premiered at the ArcLight Hollywood in Los Angeles, California on January 22, 2009, and was released in the United States on January 23, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $91 million against its production budget of $35 million.

The film was followed by Underworld: Awakening in 2012, serving as a direct sequel to Underworld: Evolution (2006).

Plot
Lucian is the first werewolf born capable of taking human form and the first to be called a Lycan. Viktor, a vampire elder, raises the child, envisioning a race of Lycan slaves guarding the coven's fortress during the day and working as laborers for the vampires at night. The countryside is filled with savage werewolves born from William's rampage, and human nobles beg Viktor for protection against the beasts: he grants it in exchange for tributes of silver, which enables him to keep his slaves under control.

As Lucian grows up, he and Viktor's daughter Sonja fall in love, and in their adult years, they begin a secretive, intimate relationship. Sonja is reckless and insubordinate, and one night, Lucian escapes the shackles preventing him from turning into a werewolf and rescues Sonja from his werewolf brethren. Despite acknowledging that Lucian rescued his daughter, Viktor cannot forgive the escape and has Lucian whipped and imprisoned.

By trading her seat on the vampire council, Sonja enlists the help of Andreas Tanis in orchestrating Lucian's release. Lucian, unable to flee alone, liberates the other Lycans as he escapes. Sonja remains, planning to meet Lucian in three days. As she prepares to leave, she is visited by her father. Viktor asks if she assisted in Lucian's escape; she denies it, but he discovers the truth by biting her neck and reading her memories through her blood. Discovering her relationship with Lucian, he imprisons her. Lucian recruits human slaves and werewolves to build a force against the vampires. In the fortress, the vampire council and nobles demand that Viktor recapture Lucian, as his Lycans have been attacking human estates, freeing their slaves and offering them immortality as Lycans themselves. Viktor replies that he is confident Lucian will return as he has something Lucian wants: Sonja.

Lucian learns about Sonja's imprisonment and rescues her from her room, but Viktor stops them from escaping. Sonja, hoping to spare Lucian's life, reveals to Viktor that she is pregnant with Lucian's child. Disgusted, Viktor overpowers her and imprisons both her and Lucian. Sonja is unanimously sentenced to death by the council at a trial presided over by her father and is executed by exposure to sunlight in Lucian's presence.

An enraged and heartbroken Lucian turns werewolf, but his attempt to escape the fortress is thwarted by the Death Dealers. However, he can communicate with and control the wild werewolves and summons them to storm the fortress. A melee ensues in which vampire council members, their aides, and lesser vampire nobles are killed. Realizing that Viktor intends to flee, Lucian pursues him, and they fight. Lucian traps Viktor by exposing him to shafts of sunlight, stabs him through the mouth with a sword, and pushes his body down into a nearby body of water. With the battle over, Lucian's deputy Raze declares that "it is finished," but Lucian knows this victory is only the beginning of a war between the races. On a vampire ship fleeing the fortress, Viktor survived his wound and is sealed in an elder hibernation chamber by Tanis.

The opening scene of the first Underworld film is then shown with the voice of vampire Kraven revealing to Selene that it was Viktor who killed her family, not the Lycans. Kraven adds that Viktor spared Selene's life because she reminded him of his executed daughter Sonja. Unaware of the truth, Selene dismisses Kraven's statement as "lies".

Cast

Production
In September 2003, shortly after the release of Underworld, production companies Screen Gems and Lakeshore planned to release a prequel as the third film following Underworlds sequel, Underworld: Evolution (2006). Kate Beckinsale, who portrayed Selene in Underworld, expressed interest in reprising her role for the sequel and the prequel.

In December 2005, Underworld: Evolution director Len Wiseman explained that the Underworld franchise was originally conceived as a trilogy. Wiseman said, "We sort of mapped out an entire history and story... a massive collection of ideas and stories that we're putting out at certain times." Wiseman anticipated creating a third installment for the franchise based on the audience's reception of Underworld: Evolution, which would be released the following month.

In a June 2006 interview, Wiseman said, "The third film is going to be a prequel. It will be the origin story and we find out things we didn't know about Lucian; he'll have a much bigger part in it. It will be about the creation [of the races] and what started the war. It will be a period piece. The film will also focus for the first time through the Lycans' point of view." The director also shared, "In terms of the writing, a lot of the writing has been done. We've been developing Underworld 3 for a while. I won't be directing Underworld: Rise of the Lycans; I'm just going to be producing and writing." When asked if Kate Beckinsale would reprise her role as Selene in the prequel, Wiseman said, "It will be in the time period before, but it will overlap into the creation of her as well. We're in the process of seeing how far we go with that." The following October, actor Michael Sheen, who portrays Lucian in the film series, expressed interest in being part of the prequel.

Music

Soundtrack

Score

Release

Box office
Underworld: Rise of the Lycans was distributed to 2,942 theatres on its opening day (23 January 2009) in the United States and grossed an estimated US$8,050,000, debuting at number 1 at the box office. On its opening weekend, the film was ranked second at the box office behind Paul Blart: Mall Cop with $20.7 million, which is lower than the amount earned by Underworld and Underworld: Evolution ($21.8 million and $26.9 million respectively) on their opening weekends. 59% of the audience at the premiere was male, while 55% was over 25 years old. Overall, the limited day-and-date launch of Rise of the Lycans in the week ending 23 January 2009 accumulated $3.5 million in two dozen markets outside the US, at 455 theatres, a third of which was earned at the Australian box office. In the United Kingdom, the film was distributed to 339 theatres and obtained $1.4 million at the box office on its opening day, ranking as the second-best opener of the week behind Valkyrie. As of 26 April 2009, the film has grossed an estimated $45,802,315 in North America and $92,100,370 at the box office worldwide.

Critical reception

Underworld: Rise of the Lycans received mixed reviews from critics, and most of the acclaim is attributed to Michael Sheen's performance. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 30% based on 77 reviews, with an average rating of 4.40/10. The site's consensus reads, "Despite the best efforts of its competent cast, Underworld: Rise of the Lycans is an indistinguishable and unnecessary prequel." At the website Metacritic the film has received an average score of 44 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Joe Leydon of Variety gave a positive review, stating that director Patrick Tatopoulos "offers a satisfyingly exciting monster rally that often plays like a period swashbuckler" and that the film is "notably less frenetic (and appreciably more coherent) than its predecessors". He also praised the lead actors for their performances. Leydon felt that Michael Sheen "hits all the right notes in a star-powered performance that will amuse, if not amaze, anyone who only knows the actor as Tony Blair or David Frost", and that Bill Nighy "offers a sly and stylish turn as Viktor". Similarly, Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter stated that the film "rises to the occasion" and that it "finds more life left than would be expected in the darkly stylized if dramatically flawed vampires vs. werewolves saga." He credited this to the "sturdy performances" of Sheen and Nighy and the "tidy, unfussy direction" by Tatopoulos. Also giving the film a positive review was Claudia Puig of USA Today, who thought that the film was "surprisingly campy fun, mostly succeeding through the power of its lead performances". Manohla Dargis of The New York Times commented that the film "offers few surprises other than Mr. Sheen's vigorous, physical performance", articulating that Sheen is "the movie's greatest asset" and that his commitment to his role demonstrated that there is "some benefit to having a real performance even in a formulaic entertainment like this".

Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+ grade, describing the film as "basically Were-Spartacus, though that makes the humorless, scare-free result sound much more fun than it is". He says, "Sheen and Nighy do their best with the material, but this is easily the worst Underworld so far." While he described the franchise as "grimly competent", Glenn Whipp of Los Angeles Times criticized Rise of the Lycans on its action sequences, which "accent incomprehensibility". Kim Newman of Empire rated the film one out of five stars and called it a "needless threequel", saying that it is unlikely for an audience who has not seen Underworld to "follow the tosh this passes off as a plot". He adds, "In former effects man Patrick Tatopoulos' vision, these Dark Ages were really dark – so dark, in fact, you can barely see the monster action or register why Sheen and Nighy felt the need to sign up." Richard Corliss of Time described the film as "sluggish when it's not grinding toward the preposterous" and that it "just wasn't that memorable". He noted further that the "Brit cast attempts to camouflage the silliness by swanning it up, as if the Royal Shakespeare Company had gotten communally drunk and staged an impromptu production of Dracula Meets the Wolfman."

Home media
Underworld: Rise of the Lycans was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and UMD on May 12, 2009. The DVD is a one-disc set that includes:
Underworld: Rise of the Lycans — From Script to Screen featurette
The Origin of the Feud featurette
Re-Creating the Dark Ages — The Look of Underworld: Rise of the Lycans featurette
William Control's "Deathclub" music video
Filmmakers' commentary
Note: The Blu-ray release contained a PS3 theme.

First week sales of the DVD stand at 1,241,875 copies with over $24.82 million in revenue. As of November 1, 2009, almost 2.2 million copies have been sold and $43,407,017 in revenue generated for Sony Pictures.

Adaptations
Kevin Grevioux adapted the story into a two-issue mini-series for IDW Publishing.

See also
Vampire film

References

External links

2009 films
Prequel films
3
2000s action horror films
2009 horror films
American action horror films
Lakeshore Entertainment films
Screen Gems films
Films shot in New Zealand
Films shot in North Carolina
Films produced by Tom Rosenberg
Films produced by Gary Lucchesi
American vampire films
American werewolf films
Filicide in fiction
Films scored by Paul Haslinger
Films set in castles
2009 directorial debut films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
American prequel films


The huge moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Yepcalphis
Yerongponga
Yidalpta
Yigoga
Ypsia
Ypsora
Yrias
Yula

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuid genera Y


Volunteer Ireland is an Irish national volunteer development organisation, which supports a network of local Volunteer Centres and Volunteering Information Services in Ireland.

History
Volunteer Ireland began as two organisations, Volunteer Centres Ireland and Volunteering Ireland, which were merged in 2011. In 2000 some of the older volunteer centres, including what is now the South Dublin County Volunteer Centre, the Volunteer Centre Fingal and Volunteering Ireland, came together to discuss common issues and goals. In 2001, it was decided to formalise this grouping and Volunteer Centres Ireland (VCI) was formed. VCI adopted a constitution, membership criteria and agreed aims and objectives.

The VCI lobbied government to support a national infrastructure of volunteer centres, as part of the recommendations in Tipping the Balance (2002). In January 2005, the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Volunteering published its report, Volunteers and Volunteering in Ireland, in which it specifically recommended that the existing volunteering infrastructure be developed through VCI and Volunteering Ireland. A few months later, the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs announced a package of funding measures to fund this organisational infrastructure. The department extended funding to all the volunteer centres and VCI received funding to employ a national development officer.

On 28 January 2009, VCI addressed the Oireachtas Subcommittee on Community, Rural and Gaeltacht affairs on volunteering trends in Ireland.

Volunteer Ireland receives funding from the Department of Rural and Community Development, and is a member of European Volunteer Centre, the International Association for Volunteer Effort and Points of Light.

Activities
Volunteer Ireland release research and data on volunteering and volunteers in Ireland. In 2012, they claimed that volunteers in Ireland saved the Irish government millions of euro, and that volunteers had contributed free labour over the preceding 2 years that was worth €22.7 million. They run the I-VOL phone app, which allows people to find volunteering opportunities in their area.

In 2018 and 2019 they reported that the average age of volunteers was getting younger year-on-year. In 2019, Volunteer Ireland partnered with Dublin Airport to pilot a scheme, Fáilte Abhaile/Welcome Volunteers, during which volunteers welcomed and assisted those arriving into the airport over the Christmas period. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Volunteer Ireland was involved in large scale recruiting of volunteers to help with supporting the HSE and other government departments. Activities were coordinated through the network of Volunteer Centres.

National Volunteering Week
The organisation run an annual awareness week, the National Volunteering Week, each May since 2012. In 2017, they estimate that roughly 500,000 people in Ireland volunteer in some capacity annually.

Volunteer Ireland Awards
Volunteer Ireland have held an annual awards ceremony, Volunteer Ireland Awards, which celebrates volunteers in Ireland in a number of fields since 2007.

There are 11 categories:

 Animals and Environment
 Campaigning and Awareness Raising
 Children and Youth
 Community
 Culture, Arts and Media
 Education and Training
 Health and Disability
 International Development
 Social Work and Social Inclusion
 Sports and Recreation
 Outstanding Group

The main award is the Christine Buckley Volunteer of the Year.

References

Volunteering by country
Charities based in the Republic of Ireland
2011 establishments in Ireland


Strawberry, California may refer to:
Strawberry, El Dorado County, California
Strawberry, Marin County, California
Strawberry, Tuolumne County, California


Chapais can refer to:

 Jean-Charles Chapais (1811–1885), a Canadian Conservative politician, and considered a Father of Canadian Confederation
 Thomas Chapais (1858–1946), a French Canadian author, editor, historian, journalist, professor, and politician
 Chapais, Quebec, a municipality in Canada
 Chapais (crater), a crater on Mars


Duisburg () is a village in Flemish Brabant, Belgium. It should not be confused with the German city of Duisburg. Duisburg is a part of the municipality of Tervuren that is comprised by the villages of Duisburg, Tervuren, Vossem and Moorsel.

History
On 1 January 1977, Duisburg became part of the municipality of Tervuren after the fusion of Belgian municipalities. It had been an independent municipality.

Culture
There is a church dedicated to Saint Catherine, the Sint-Katharinakerk, in the centre of Duisburg.

Duisburg is also famous in the region for their annual hosting of the Hallocoween festival near the centre.

References

Populated places in Flemish Brabant
Tervuren


Mariero Station () is a railway station in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The station is located at Mariero in the city of Stavanger, about  from the main Stavanger Station. It is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail operated by Go-Ahead Norge by up to four hourly trains in each direction. The station is located along the double track section of the Sørland Line, and was opened on 16 November 2009.  It is co-located with a Kolumbus bus stop, allowing transfer to many routes.

Facilities
The station is  from Oslo Central Station and  from Stavanger Station. Paradis Station is universally accessible, unstaffed and equipped with ticket machines. It has 20 free parking places. The station is located right on the waterfront, and located in a mixed residential and commercial area. It is the station between Sandnes and Stavanger with the least usage. The station is located one minutes walk from Lyse Energi's head office, and ten minutes walk from Hetland Upper Secondary School.

Service
The station is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail, operated by Go-Ahead. During regular operating hours on weekday, Go-Ahead operates four trains in each direction each hour. All northbound trains run to Stavanger Station, where they terminate. All four southbound trains operate to at least Sandnes Station, and two more continue to Nærbø Station and one runs to Egersund Station. Travel time to Stavanger is 5 minutes, to Sandnes Sentrum is 11 minutes, to Nærbø is 42 minutes and to Egersund is 1 hour and 2 minutes. NSB operates the line using Class 72 electric multiple units. Transfer to city bus is available  away on National Road 44, which serves Kolumbus buses.

History
The line past Paradis was built as part of the Jæren Line and opened in 1878. The old station at Mariero opened in 1901 and was classified as a halt. It was upgraded to a station, and thus staffed and became a passing loop from 15 September 1922. From 15 January 1945, the passing loop was deactivated, but again activated in 1950. From 2 June 1957, the Jæren Line received centralized traffic control and the station was no longer staffed. In 2006 the Norwegian National Rail Administration started rebuilding the track between Stavanger and Sandnes to double track, which involved moving the station slightly to the south. The new line and station were opened on 16 November 2009 and from 14 December, the 15-minute headway was introduced between Stavanger and Sandnes.

References

Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations in Stavanger
Railway stations opened in 1901
1901 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1870s


Drugs and therapeutic agents administered by inhalation

Inhalational anesthetic agents
 aliflurane
 chloroform
 cyclopropane
 desflurane
 diethyl ether
 halothane
 isoflurane
 methoxyflurane
 methoxypropane
 nitrous oxide
 roflurane
 sevoflurane
 teflurane
 trichloroethylene
 vinyl ether
 xenon

Bronchodilators
Arformoterol
Bitolterol
Epinephrine
Fenoterol
Formoterol
Ipratropium
Isoetharine
Isoproterenol
Levalbuterol
Metaproterenol
Pirbuterol
Procaterol
Racepinephrine (racemic epinephrine)
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Terbutaline
Tiotropium

Anti-hypertensives
Amyl nitrite
Iloprost (Prostacyclin)
Nitric oxide

Anti-inflammatories
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Ciclesonide
Cromolyn
Dexamethasone
Flunisolide
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Nedocromil
Triamcinolone

Antimicrobials
Pentamidine
Ribavirin
Tobramycin
Zanamivir

Pulmonary surfactants
Beractant
Calfactant
Colfosceril
Poractant alfa

Sympathomimetic amines
Amphetamine (Benzedrine)
Levomethamphetamine (Vicks Vapor Inhaler)
Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex)

Miscellaneous
Aromatic ammonia
Dornase alfa
Glutathione
Insulin
Methacholine
Nicotine
Sodium chloride

Common inhalers
 nail polish remover
glue
paint thinner
computer cleaner
correction fluids

Inhalants
 Medical


Lafayette Sharkey Winham (October 23, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York – September 12, 1951 in Brooklyn, New York), nicknamed "Lefty", was a professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in six games in Major League Baseball for the 1902 Brooklyn Superbas and 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates.

Winham appeared in five games for the Pirates team that went on to lose the first World Series, in which he did not appear. That season, he pitched a six inning shutout against the Philadelphia Phillies at Columbia Park in Philadelphia.

At the minor league level, Lafayette pitched for the Montreal Royals in 1903.

References

External links

Lave Winham at Baseball Almanac

Major League Baseball pitchers
Brooklyn Superbas players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Montreal Royals players
Worcester Riddlers players
Baseball players from New York (state)
Baseball players from Brooklyn
1881 births
1951 deaths
Burials at the Cemetery of the Evergreens


Hillevåg Station () was a railway station located in the city of Stavanger in the municipality of  Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It was closed in 2009, and replaced by Paradis Station. The station was served by the Jæren Commuter Rail between Stavanger and Egersund. The station was located  south of the city centre of Stavanger and used to have service every half hour.

Railway stations in Stavanger
Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations opened in 1880
1880 establishments in Norway
2009 disestablishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1880s


The 3rd Arabian Gulf Cup () was the third edition of the Arabian Gulf Cup. The tournament was held in Kuwait City, Kuwait and was won by two-time defending champions and hosts Kuwait. The tournament took place between 15 and 29 March 1974. All matches were played at the Al Kuwait Sports Club Stadium.

Oman took part in the competition for the first time. Kuwait defeated Saudi Arabia 4–0 in the final to win their third title in a row. This victory meant that Kuwait had earned the privilege of keeping the trophy permanently.

The number of teams was increased from five to six and the format of the competition was changed. Instead of one round-robin group, the six nations would be split into two groups of three. The top two from each group qualify for the semi-finals with each group winner facing the other group's runner-up. The winners of each semi-final would face each other in the final while the losers would play in the third-place play-off.

Teams

Venues

Match officials

Preliminary round

First round
All times are local, AST (UTC+3).

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage
All times are local, AST (UTC+3).

Semi-finals

Third place play-off

Final

Winners

Statistics

Goalscorers

Awards
Player of the Tournament
 Mohammed Ghanim

Top Scorer
 Jasem Yaqoub (6 goals)

Goalkeeper of the Tournament
 Ahmed Al-Tarabulsi

References

External links
 Official Site (Arabic)

1974
1974
1974 in Asian football
1973–74 in Saudi Arabian football
1973–74 in Emirati football
1973–74 in Kuwaiti football
1973–74 in Qatari football
1973–74 in Bahraini football
1974 in Oman


These are the official results of the men's 800 metres event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total of 60 participating athletes, with eight qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on 9 August 1983.

From the gun, World Junior Record holder and NCAA Champion Joaquim Cruz went out fast to get the lead, with Peter Elliott in lane 1 accelerating when he saw Cruz ahead of him, passing the break point swinging wide to go around Cruz but Cruz would not let him by.  Coming off the turn, Elliott accelerated and ran past Cruz to take the lead at the bell in 50.58.  Hans-Peter Ferner was next behind them, followed by Willi Wülbeck and Rob Druppers.  Coming off the third turn, Cruz again accelerated to try to take back the lead.  Down the backstretch, Cruz and Elliott ran shoulder to shoulder.  Gritting his teeth, Elliott would not concede the position, Cruz running the final turn outside of Elliott still shoulder to shoulder with now Wülbeck watching the battle from two steps behind.  Off the final turn, Cruz accelerated again to pull away from Elliott but Wülbeck went around the outside to sprint past both of them, unleaded to victory.  Druppers came off the final turn several metres back, passed a fading Ferner and began sprinting, picking off Elliott and then Cruz just before the finish line.

Records
Existing records at the start of the event.

Results

Qualifying heats
The qualifying heats took place on 7 August, with the 60 athletes involved being split into 8 heats. The first 2 athletes in each heat ( Q ) and the next 8 fastest ( q ) qualified for the semifinals.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Heat 5

Heat 6

Heat 7

Heat 8

Semi-finals
The semifinals took place on 8 August, with the 24 athletes involved being splitted into 3 heats. The first 2 athletes in each heat ( Q ) and the next 2 fastest ( q ) qualified for the final.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Final
The final took place on August 9.

References
 Results

800 metres at the World Athletics Championships


Aatish: Feel the Fire is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language action crime film directed by Sanjay Gupta in his directorial debut and starring Sanjay Dutt, Aditya Pancholi, Raveena Tandon, Karishma Kapoor and Atul Agnihotri in lead roles. The supporting cast includes Shakti Kapoor, Gulshan Grover, Kader Khan, Ajit, Tanuja and Ram Mohan.

The film marked Sanjay Gupta's directorial debut in Bollywood. The film reworks and combines elements from two earlier crime films, the Indian film Deewaar (1975) and the Hong Kong action film A Better Tomorrow (1986). Upon release, it grossed  at the Indian box office. It was remade into a Nepali film, Mahaan (2009), starring Biraj Bhatt.

Premise
Baba (Sanjay Dutt) and Avinash (Atul Agnihotri) are brothers who live in a shanty house with their widowed mother, who makes a living as a housemaid. When a stalker attempts to assault their mother, Baba kills him and the three, along with an orphan named Nawab (Aditya Pancholi), take shelter with a crime boss named Uncle (Ajit Khan). Baba would like Avinash to study and become a better person, and in order to do this, he decides to earn money in the underworld. Avinash completes his training and becomes an Inspector, where his first assignment is to arrest Baba and Nawab - much to his shock as he had never associated Baba with having any criminal background. Avinash must now decide whether to proceed on apprehending Baba and Nawab or resign from the police force.

Cast
Sanjay Dutt as Baba
Aditya Pancholi as Nawab
Atul Agnihotri as Inspector Avinash "Avi"
Karishma Kapoor as Pooja
Raveena Tandon as Nisha
Shakti Kapoor as Sunny
Gulshan Grover as Kaniyya
Ajit as Uncle (underworld don)
Tanuja as Baba's Mother
Vishwajeet Pradhan as Gulam (Kania's brother)
Kader Khan as Kadar bhai
Ram Mohan as Police Commissioner
Dinesh Hingoo as Aar Paar
Tiku Talsania as Jarnail Singh
Mushtaq Khan as Bhiku
Sumeet Pathak
Brij Gopal

Production
Aatish is a remake of Deewaar (1975), written by Salim–Javed, with Sanjay Dutt as the older criminal brother (inspired by Amitabh Bachchan's character in Deewaar), Atul Agnihotri as the younger police brother, and Tanuja as the mother. Aatish had a story "straight out of Deewar" but added a twist, with the mother supporting the criminal brother. In addition, Aatish also unofficially reworked elements of John Woo's Hong Kong film, A Better Tomorrow (1986).

Soundtrack
The music of the film was composed by Nadeem-Shravan and the lyrics were penned by Sameer. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 2,500,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's ten highest-selling.

Notes

References

External links

1994 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Nadeem–Shravan
Indian action drama films
Indian crime drama films
Films with screenplays by Robin Bhatt
Remakes of Indian films
Indian remakes of Hong Kong films
Hindi films remade in other languages
1994 directorial debut films
Films directed by Sanjay Gupta
1990s action drama films
1994 crime drama films


Forest Glen is one of two Metra commuter railroad stations in the Forest Glen section of Chicago, Illinois, along the Milwaukee District North Line. It is located at 5301 North Forest Glen Avenue, is  away from Chicago Union Station, the southern terminus of the line, and serves commuters between Union Station and Fox Lake, Illinois. In Metra's zone-based fare system, Forest Glen is in zone C. As of 2018, Forest Glen is the 126th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 376 weekday boardings.

As of December 12, 2022, Forest Glen is served by 40 trains (19 inbound, 21 outbound) on weekdays, by all 20 trains (10 in each direction) on Saturdays, and by all 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

The station is little more than an open sheltered platform, and is located south of a Cook County Forest Preserve. On-street parking is available along Forest Glen Avenue and LeClaire Avenue between Elston Avenue and north of Balmoral Avenue. The main parking lot for the station is between Balmoral and Catalpa Avenues.

Bus connections
CTA Buses
  92 Foster (One block south at LeClaire and Foster)

References

External links

Station from Google Maps Street View

Forest Glen (Metra)
Former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad stations


In the United Kingdom, an electricity supplier is a retailer of electricity. For each supply point the supplier has to pay the various costs of transmission, distribution, meter operation, data collection, tax etc. The supplier then adds in energy costs and the supplier's own charge. Regulation of the charging of customers is covered by the industry regulator Ofgem.

MSP and GSP

MSP kWh is the amount of electricity consumed at the 'meter supply point', which is the customer's meter. GSP kWh is obtained by multiplying the MSP kWh by the Line Loss Factor (LLF, a figure > 1) to include the amount of electricity lost when it is conducted through the distribution network, from the 'grid supply point' to the customer's meter. Some kWh elements of the bill are charged at MSP and some at GSP. The LLF for a particular supply depends on the distribution network operator (DNO) and the supply's characteristics and the time and date (day of week, season etc.).

The bill
The consumer pays the supplier according to an agreed tariff, or a default rate known as the "standard variable tariff". The tariff may include pass-through costs, which are amounts charged to the energy supplier and then "passed through" directly to the consumer.

Transmission charges

Transmission charges, known as "Transmission Network Use of System" (TNUoS), are paid to National Grid to cover the expense of running the grid. The charge is calculated annually using the TRIAD method for large levels of demand, or based on usage between 4pm and 7pm for smaller demand levels.

RCRC
Residual Cashflow Reallocation Cashflow (RCRC), also known as the 'beer fund', is the net remainder of Balancing & Settlement Code (BSC) Trading Charges for a given half-hour, which is payable to (in the case of a surplus) or by (in the case of a deficit) Trading Parties based on their market share of energy volume. These Trading Charges consist of:

Information Imbalance Charges – A charge per MWh on the difference between a BM Unit's Metered Volume and its Expected Metered Volume (based on Final Physical Notification plus Balancing Services Volume). Due to a zero price, this charge is always zero
System Operator BM Cashflow – A cashflow payable to or by the System Operator depending on whether BM Unit Cashflow plus Non-Delivery Charges is positive or negative, and is intended to keep BSCCo cash neutral
Non-Delivery Charges – A charge levied on the Lead Parties of BM Units that fail to satisfy a Bid-Offer Acceptance on the Balancing Mechanism
BM Unit Cashflow – A cashflow payable to or by Lead Parties of BM Units with Bid-Offer Acceptances
Imbalance Charges – A cashflow payable to or by Trading Parties with an Imbalance Volume

As Information Imbalance Charges are always zero, and System Operator BM Cashflow nets with Non-Delivery Charges and BM Unit Cashflow to zero, RCRC is effectively the net of Imbalance Cashflows.

Distribution charges
The distribution charges, known as the "distribution use of system" (DUoS) charges, are paid to suppliers and passed on to the distribution network operator (DNO) on whose network the meter point is located. The charges cover:

Availability
Supply availability, otherwise known as "supply capacity" or "kVA", if represented by its measured units, is the maximum kVA power allowed for a particular supply in a particular network and is set before the supply is energised. It is a figure agreed between the consumer and the supplier (set to a level required by the consumer in almost all cases except where power distribution may be physically limited to the supply) at the start of the contract. This supply availability is charged for every month, in effect as a standing charge, despite the fact that the maximum demand recorded in the month may be lower. If the kVA supply availability figure is exceeded (breached, in effect) by the value of the measured monthly maximum demand, also in kVA for this purpose, the higher figure of kVA from the maximum demand may be charged instead of the supply capacity. The new elevated kVA charge figure (or the supplier's nearest higher capacity band figure, if capacity is only allowed in banded levels 50 kVA apart for instance) may stay as the chargeable figure for twelve months depending on the electricity distribution area. This can cause temporary unnecessary high billing, as if a penalty, if the breach was avoidable. Alternatively, the capacity charge can just return to the original availability figure in the subsequent month's bill. Determining the correct capacity figure to allow for the maximum demand required for the supply can be a fine judgement if the capacity charge is to be kept to a minimum, and vigilance of maximum demand and efforts to keep the power demand lower than the agreed capacity can be required to avoid triggering a higher capacity charge during the contract.

•	Unit rates – these rates are split into 3 time periods; Red, Amber and Green. These charges vary per distribution company. The chart below shows the applicable time bands for each company.

Reactive power
This also varies with each distribution area, and is charged if the power factor for a supply is deemed too low.

Fixed charge
The fixed charge is in units of pence / MPAN / day.

New DUoS charges will come into effect on 1 April 2018 under a proposal known as DCP228. Green and amber rates will rise and red rates will fall.

Climate Change Levy

The Climate Change Levy is a p/kWh tax on certain electricity use. Exempt supplies include domestic supplies and supplies using less than the de minimis threshold of 1,000 kWh / month.

Renewables Obligation

Suppliers meet the Renewables Obligation by submitting a certain number of Renewable Obligation certificates (ROCs) each year to Ofgem, which demonstrates that the certified electricity has come from a renewable source. If a supplier is unable to produce the required number of ROCs, they must pay an equivalent cash amount, the 'cash out price'.

Energy charge
Energy charges are the cost per kWh (kilowatt hour). They are usually given as pence per kWh (p/kWh), an amount often referred to as the unit price or unit rate. The cost of the electricity (without surcharges) is occasionally negative during low consumption and high winds, starting in 2019.

Data collection charge
The data collection charge is a fee paid to the data collector for determining the energy consumption of the supply.

Meter operation charge
The meter operation charge is a fee paid to the meter operator for installing and maintaining the meter.

VAT
VAT is payable at the standard rate unless the supply meets certain conditions (e.g. domestic supplies, or supplies that use less than 1,000 kWh per month) in which case they are charged at the reduced rate of 5%.

Changing supplier
For a non-half-hourly supply, the NHHDC sets the change of supplier (CoS) read from a meter read, a customer read or a deemed read. A deemed read is one estimated by the NHHDC based on any previous or subsequent readings. A CoS read can be disputed up to final reconciliation. Final reconciliation is fourteen months afterwards. If a normal read comes in after final reconciliation that is lower than the CoS read, the new supplier should credit the customer.

Notes

Electric power in the United Kingdom
Electricity meters


Baldinger's Market is a small store located along U.S. Route 19 in Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The original store was built in 1933 and was located just south of Zelienople, and north of the retail centers in Cranberry Township.

History and notable features
Baldinger's Market is not only well known locally, but also nationally for its penny candy and "Foods from all Nations." Established in 1933 near the corner of U.S. 19 and PA 528, the candy store has been visited by people from all over the United States and throughout the world.  The market has also been featured on CBS and several food and travel channels.

In 2008, the store celebrated its 75th Anniversary, and was also the last year the original store was open. Plans were made to close down the store in June of that year, but these plans were met with opposition from people in the community who didn't want it to be closed down and demolished.

Baldinger's relocated from its original location to a new site just outside Zelienople. Local businessman Pat Boylan bought the market and re-created an exact replica of the old store—inside and out—in a building at 519 Perry Way, near an Exxon station in Zelienople. The new store opened in the summer of 2008. All of the old cases, coolers, butcher block furniture and shelving were moved to the new site along with the heralded cash register that rings with each turn of the crank.

Baldinger's original location on U.S. Route 19 was demolished on November 17, 2008.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Butler County, Pennsylvania
Companies based in Pittsburgh
1933 establishments in Pennsylvania


Jåttå Station () was a railway station located at Jåttå in Stavanger municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The station was served by the Jæren Commuter Rail between Stavanger and Egersund. The station was located  south of the centre of the city of Stavanger and was used as an extra stop for trains when there were football games at Viking Stadion.

History
The station was opened along with the football stadium in 2004. It closed on 6 January 2008 when it was replaced by the nearby Jåttåvågen Station, the first part of the new double track between Stavanger and Sandnes to open.

Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations in Stavanger
Railway stations opened in 2004
Railway stations closed in 2008
Disused railway stations in Norway
2004 establishments in Norway
2008 disestablishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 2000s


Tolowa Dunes State Park is a  California State Park located in Del Norte County, on the North Coast of California.

The park encompasses Lake Earl, Lake Tolowa, and a significant portion of the relatively large coastal plain around them including Yontocket, California.

Tolowa Dunes State Park is a sanctuary for bird life. It is easily reached by US 101, and is just north of Crescent City.

The name refers to the Tolowa people, an indigenous tribe whose homeland was in the area, and relatively undisturbed previous to American colonization in the 1850s.

See also
California coastal prairie

References

State parks of California
Parks in Del Norte County, California
Crescent City, California
1925 establishments in California
Protected areas established in 1925


is a Japanese mountain located on the border of Komono, Mie Prefecture and Higashi-Ōmi, Shiga Prefecture.

This mountain is the center of Suzuka Quasi-National Park.

Outline
Mount Gozaisho is one of the highest mountains in the Suzuka Mountain Range between Mie and Shiga.  The Gozaisho Ropeway connects the top of the mountain to the Yunoyama Hot Springs.  Gozaisho is a gate to the other mountains in the Suzuka range.

Nature
Mount Gozaisho is famous for the sharp outlook of the mountains and rich nature.

Resort
On the top of the mountain, there's a small skiing resort which is the closest such resort to the Nagoya metropolitan area.

Access
Yunoyama-Onsen Station, terminus of the Kintetsu Yunoyama Line.
Takehira Pass by car.

Gallery

References
Official Home Page of the Geographical Survey Institute in Japan
Keizo Kusakawa, Gozaisho, Ryozen, Ibuki, Shobunsha, 2007

Gozaisho
Gozaisho


The huge moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Zacthys
Zagira
Zagorista
Zalaca
Zale
Zaleodes
Zaleops
Zalissa
Zanclognatha
Zanclopalpus
Zanclostathme
Zarima
Zatilpa
Zazanisa
Zebeeba
Zekelita
Zelicodes
Zellerminia
Zenomia
Zeteolyga
Zethes
Zethesides
Zeuxinia
Ziela
Zigera
Zinna
Zirona
Zitna
Ziza
Zobia
Zonoplusia
Zophochroa
Zorothis
Zorzines
Zosichrysia
Zosteropoda
Zotheca
Zurobata
Zutragum

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuid genera Z


"Pilot" (titled "Breaking Bad" on DVD and Blu-ray releases) is the series premiere of the American television crime drama series Breaking Bad. The episode was directed and written by series creator and showrunner Vince Gilligan. It first aired on AMC on January 20, 2008.

In the episode, chemistry teacher Walter White (Bryan Cranston) is diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. Keeping it a secret from his pregnant wife Skyler (Anna Gunn) and their teenage son Walter Jr. (RJ Mitte), he decides that he wants to spend his last years saving money for his family. After going on a drug bust with his brother-in-law and DEA agent Hank Schrader (Dean Norris), Walt spots his former student Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul) and later blackmails him into helping him cook methamphetamine in an RV.

The pilot received various nominations at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, with Cranston winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Gilligan earning a nomination for Outstanding Directing.

Plot
Walter "Walt" White is a high school chemistry teacher in Albuquerque, New Mexico, living with his pregnant wife, Skyler, and their teenage son Walter Jr., who has cerebral palsy. Walt is heavily dissatisfied with his life, feeling overqualified and underpaid as a high school teacher, struggling to make ends meet, resenting his humiliating part-time job at a car wash and failing to satisfy his wife.

During Walt's 50th birthday party, his brother-in-law Hank Schrader, a DEA agent, proudly shows the guests a news report detailing his latest drug bust, in which $700,000 of illegal drug money was confiscated. Walt appears curious and Hank offers to take him on a ride-along to a bust. Meanwhile, Skyler talks to her sister Marie Schrader, Hank's wife, about her pregnancy.

The next day, Walt collapses at the car wash and is taken to the hospital, where he is told that he has developed inoperable lung cancer and has, at best, two years to live. He opts to keep the news from his family. Returning to work, Walt lashes out at his boss Bogdan Wolynetz and storms out. He sits alone at home and ponders the news of his impending death.

Walt takes the offer to go on the ride-along with Hank and his partner Steven Gomez as they raid a meth lab. As DEA agents clear out the house, Walt observes Jesse Pinkman, a former student of his, sneaking out and fleeing. Later that night, Walt tracks down and blackmails Jesse into helping him produce crystal meth. After Walt steals chemistry supplies from the high school, he asks Jesse to purchase an RV to use as their meth lab.

The pair drive the RV into the desert and begin to cook. Due to Walt's expertise in chemistry, Jesse claims their crystal meth is the purest he has ever seen. Jesse drives back to show the product to his distributor, Domingo "Krazy-8" Molina, but encounters Krazy-8's cousin, Emilio Koyama, who believes Jesse set him up during the drug bust. To prove his loyalty, Jesse rides with them to the RV, where they meet Walt. Emilio recognizes Walt from Hank's earlier bust which leads to the two being held at gunpoint. To save his life, Walt offers to show them how he makes meth. During the cook, Emilio flicks away a cigarette that causes a brush fire. Walt synthesizes phosphine gas with red phosphorus, causing an explosion, and flees the RV, trapping Emilio and Krazy-8 inside and leaving them for dead in poisonous fumes.

Hearing sirens, Walt attempts to flee but drives the RV into a ditch. He stumbles out and records a video message to his family (which is shown at the beginning of the episode) before unsuccessfully trying to shoot himself. He then realizes that the sirens are not the police but are from fire trucks responding to the fire. Walt and Jesse drive back, leaving the RV with Emilio and Krazy-8's bodies at Jesse's home. Walt returns home, meeting his wife's troubled queries with new sexual vigor, making her ask "Walt, is that you?".

Production

Breaking Bad was created by television writer Vince Gilligan, with the crux of the series being the protagonist's journey into an antagonist. Noting how television shows usually kept their main character in the same state to prolong the series, Gilligan said he wanted to make a show serving as a "fundamental drive" towards change. He added that his goal with Walter White was to turn him "from Mr. Chips into Scarface." The concept of Walt as a meth dealer came to fruition when Gilligan was talking with fellow writer Thomas Schnauz, and they joked regarding their unemployment that the solution was to drive around cooking meth in an RV.

Gilligan cast Bryan Cranston for the role of Walter White based on having worked with him in "Drive", an episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files, where Gilligan worked as a writer. Cranston played an anti-Semite with a terminal illness who took Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) hostage. Gilligan said the character had to be simultaneously loathsome and sympathetic, and that only Cranston could play the part. AMC officials were wary of casting Cranston, due to him being mostly known for his comedic role as Hal on the sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, and offered the role to John Cusack and Matthew Broderick, who both turned it down. After seeing Cranston in the X-Files episode, the executives were convinced to cast him. For his role, Cranston met frequently with a chemistry teacher to learn about the subject, gained fifteen pounds to reflect the character's personal decline, and had his hair dyed brown to mask his natural red highlights.

Various actors auditioned for the role of Jesse Pinkman, including Reid Scott, Colin Hanks, and Penn Badgley. However, the audition of Aaron Paul for the character, which he himself said was "awful", caught the attention of Gilligan and casting director Dawn Steinberg. When Sony Pictures Television refused to hire Paul on the basis that he didn't look like a meth dealer, Gilligan told them that he wouldn't make the show if Paul wasn't picked for the role. For the role of Hank Schrader, Gilligan spoke with an actual DEA agent to learn more information on the character. Dean Norris, who had a history of being typecast as law enforcement and military-type characters, stated that, "I guess you have a certain look, it's kind of an authoritative law enforcement-type look, and that look is certainly the first thing that people cast you with before you get a chance to do some acting."

The script was originally set in Riverside, California, but at the suggestion of Sony, which was producing the pilot, Albuquerque was chosen for production due to the favorable financial conditions offered by the state of New Mexico. Filming for the episode began on March 6, 2007, concluding after several weeks on March 21.

Reception

Critical response
Barry Garron from The Hollywood Reporter praised the premiere for its suspense, and Jonathan Storm from The Philadelphia Inquirer found it unpredictable. Meanwhile, Robert Bianco of USA Today focused on Bryan Cranston's performance, which he said was "riveting and remarkable", and The A.V. Club journalist Donna Bowman wrote a positive review, giving the episode a grade rating of an "A−", and citing Cranston's "mesmerizing", "nihilistic", and "hulking yet impotent" performance along with lauding Vince Gilligan's screenplay. Furthermore, the Chicago Tribune television critic Maureen Ryan complimented Cranston's role, and noted the premiere as a "slam dunk" compared to the two following episodes. After the series concluded, The Ringer ranked "Pilot" 6th out of all 62 Breaking Bad episodes, where Alison Harman noted that "the addictive hook of the pilot helped power viewers through the couple of seasons it took for Breaking Bad to hit its stride".

Ratings and accolades
In 2013, Gilligan recalled the viewership for the episode being below a million viewers due to a football game that aired at the same time. However, The Hollywood Reporter revealed later in the same year that the pilot had been watched by 1.41 million people instead.

Vulture.com ranked the episode 10th-best overall in the series.

References

External links
  at the official Breaking Bad site

2008 American television episodes
American television series premieres
Breaking Bad (season 1) episodes
Television episodes directed by Vince Gilligan
Television episodes written by Vince Gilligan


Battle Studies is a book by Ardant du Picq, a colonel in the French Army who was killed in 1870 in the Franco-Prussian War. The work was never completed, but Du Picq had written many chapters completely and left sufficient notes behind to complete the book.

Themes of the book
The theme of the book, according to Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch, is that "moral force" is the most powerful element in the strength of armies and the preponderating influence in the outcome of battles. In general form, he states:

The goal of the army
Combat is the object, the cause of being, and the supreme manifestation of an army. Every measure that does not keep combat as the object of the army is fatal. All the resources accumulated in time of peace, all the training, and all the strategic calculations must have the goal of combat.

Man in combat
The human element is more important than theories. War is still more of an art than a science.  One popular quote demonstrating this conclusion drawn from numerous battle studies states, "Nothing can wisely be prescribed in any army... without exact knowledge of the fundamental instrument, man, and his state of mind, his morale, at the instant of combat."
Great strategists and leaders of men are marked by inspiration. "Generals of genius draw from the human heart ability to execute a surprising variety of movements which vary the routine; the mediocre ones, who have no eyes to read readily, are doomed to the worst errors.”

Du Picq's work attempts to deal with the principles of warfare as an empirical study, based on case studies of battles.

Battle Studies  became a key textbook in the French Army's École de Guerre in the years leading to World War I.

See also
Battle Studies World Tour

References

External links
Battle Studies, Ardant du Picq's book about soldiers reaction during battle. Free version on Project Gutenberg, translation by John N. Greely and Robert C. Cotton.

19th-century books
Military strategy books
Unfinished books


William "Bill"  Lawrence Verplank is a designer and researcher who focuses on interactions between humans and computers. He is one of the pioneers of interaction design, a field of design that focuses on users and technology, and a term he helped coin in the 1980s. He was previously a visiting scholar at Stanford University's CCRMA and was involved in Stanford's d.school. He also teaches and lectures internationally on interaction design.

Career
Bill Verplank received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Stanford University in 1965. Verplank then moved the same year to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to complete a PhD by 1977 in man-machine systems and studied with Thomas B. Sheridan.

He worked at Xerox Parc and Office Systems Divisions from 1978-1986 refining the design of the original graphical user interface and mouse, in the Xerox Star. He went on to work with Bill Moggridge, first at IDtwo and then at IDEO (1986–1992), bringing graphical user interfaces to the world of product design. Together with Bill Moggridge, they coined the term interaction design in the mid-1980s.

From 1992-2000 at Interval Research Corporation, he directed the design and research for collaboration, tangibility and music. When Interval Research closed in 2000, Verplank joined Stanford's University's CCRMA part-time with Max Mathews and developed a course on HCI for computer music and a conference (spun off from CHI) called NIME (New Interfaces for Musical Expression). He was on the steering committee and taught at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (2000–2005).

He is active in SIGCHI, a special interest group which is focused on human–computer interactions (HCI) and he helped write their curricula for the SIGCHI Academy.

An interview with Verplank, featuring his signature sketching while talking, is included in the book Designing Interactions (published in October 2006), with the e-book and website of the same publication including a video of Verplank.

References

External links

 Podcast: The History of Interaction with Bill Verplank on The SpoolCast (Episode #58, 2008) with Jared Spool

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Stanford University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University faculty
Human–computer interaction researchers


Ganddal Station () is a railway station in the western part of the municipality of Sandnes in Rogaland county, Norway.  The station is located just south of the centre of the city of Sandnes in the Ganddal borough.  It sits along the Sørlandet Line with long-distance service to Stavanger to the north and Kristiansand to the southeast. The station is also served by the Jæren Commuter Rail with local service between Stavanger and Egersund. The station is  south of Stavanger. The station is simply a shelter and it has no bathrooms, food services, or ticket counters.

History
The Ålgård Line splits off from the main Sørlandet Line at Ganddal, but passenger traffic was terminated in 1955 and freight traffic ended in 1988. The station has been in use here since 1 March 1878 when the Sørlandet Line opened.  The station was first named Høiland from 1 March 1878 until 1 July 1917 when it was renamed Ganddalen.  In April 1921, it was shortened to Ganddal.

References

Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations in Sandnes
Railway stations opened in 1880
1880 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1880s


Torstein Horgmo (born 18 February 1987) is a Norwegian professional snowboarder. Horgmo has competed, and medalled in, a variety of slopestyle and big air snowboarding competitions. He rides regular stance.

Personal
Horgmo grew up in Trondheim, Norway, before eventually moving to Oslo. Horgmo first began snowboarding when he was twelve years old, prior to which he had only skied. Horgmo is a DC Shoes rider with many sponsors including Oakley, Inc., DNB ASA, GoPro, and others. In 2012 he released his own film titled "Horgasm – A Love Story", chronicling his snowboarding career over the course of two years. Horgmo started his company, AWSM brand, along with fellow rider Andreas Wiig. He has been seen riding with Mark McMorris many times. Horgmo is often featured in a YouTube channel called "ShredBots," which was started with McMorris and Eero Ettala.

Competition history
Horgmo won a gold medal in Snowboard Big Air at the 2008 Winter X Games XII in Aspen, Colorado, after first beating Travis Rice in the finals, and Kevin Pearce in the semifinal. He also won gold in the slopestyle final at the 2009 Winter Dew Tour, beating Shaun White, who won the Slopestyle Final in Breckenridge, Colorado. At the 2009 Winter X Games XIII, Horgmo was defeated in Big Air by friend and teammate Travis Rice. This event trialed the text-voting system as the only judging system. The riders, including Rice himself, have stated that they do not believe that this voting system produces fair results, as nationality, popularity, and crowd appeal of the tricks can outweigh the technicality of the trick itself. Horgmo performed switch backside 1260's, but was defeated by Rice's backside double rodeo 1080.

In Dew Tour winter 2009/10 he took two first place victories over Shaun White in slopestyle.

In the summer of 2010 he was the first to land a triple cork (three off axis flips and four full rotations before coming back in contact with the ground) off a 100 ft jump in Folgefonna, Norway. In the Winter X Games XV Horgmo landed an attempt of the triple cork in competition in the Big Air finals on 28 January 2011, winning a gold medal over Sebastien Toutant.

Horgmo followed this up in January 2012 landing a true triple cork 1440 in the Winter X Games Big Air Final, scoring a perfect score of 50/50. This triple cork however was a backside spin instead of his previous frontside spin triple. Horgmo finished in second place, narrowly losing to Mark McMorris.

At the Winter X Games Aspen in January 2013, Horgmo was the first person ever to land a switch backside triple cork 1440 in competition, earning him a perfect score of 50/50 for the second year in a row and the gold medal in Big Air. In competitions following Horgmo was able to win slopestyle gold and silver in the Burton European and US Opens respectively. In the Burton US Open, Horgmo was the only rider to land a triple cork on the slopestyle course, but lost to Shredbots teammate Mark McMorris by a narrow margin.

Horgmo qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi; however, while practicing in Sochi, he fell and broke a clavicle, which forced him to miss the Olympics.

Results

Career Highlights

2015: 3rd,  Burton European Open  Slopestyle

2015: 6, X Games Aspen 2015	Snowboard Men's Snowboard Slopestyle

2015: 6, X Games Aspen 2015 Snowboard Big Air

2013: 1st, FIS Snowboarding World Cup Slopestyle in Czech Republic

2013: 2nd, Burton US Open Slopestyle

2013: 1st, Burton European Open Slopestyle,

2013: Gold Medal, Winter X Games Big Air

2012: Silver Medal, Winter X Games Big Air

2011: 2nd, Air & Style Beijing Big Air

2011: Gold Medal, Winter X Games Big Air

2011: 1st, Dew Tour Slopestyle – Connecticut

2011: 1st, Dew Tour Slopestyle – Colorado

2011: 1st Overall, Dew Tour Season Standings Slopestyle

2010: 1st, Dew Tour Slopestyle – Mt. Snow

2010: 2nd Overall, Dew Tour Slopestyle

2010: 2nd, Oakley Arctic Challenge Slopestyle

2010: Silver Medal, X Games Big Air

2009: 1st, Dew Tour Slopestyle – Mt. Snow

2009: 1st, Dew Tour Slopestyle – Northstar-at-Tahoe, California

2009: 1st Mt Snow Dew Tour Slopestyle

2009: 1st Tahoe Dew Tour Slopestyle

2009: Silver Medal, Winter X Games Big Air

2009: 2nd, Red Bull Snowscrapers Best Trick

2009: 2nd, Andreas Wiig Invitational

2008: Gold Medal, Winter X-Games Big Air

2008: 1st, U.S. Open Big Air

2007: Abominable Snow Jam Overall Winner

2007: 3rd, Air & Style Big Air

2007: 1st Overall, Oakley Stylewars

Swatch TTR World Tour events 2007/08 season

References

External links
 Posts tagged 'Torstein Horgmo' on SuperStoker

1987 births
Living people
Norwegian male snowboarders
X Games athletes
Sportspeople from Trondheim
21st-century Norwegian people


White Fang Goes Dingo and Other Funny SF Stories is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Thomas M. Disch.  It was first published by Compact Books in 1971.  Many of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Fantastic, Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine, Amazing Stories, New Worlds, Galaxy Science Fiction, Mademoiselle and If.

Contents

 "102 H-Bombs"
 "Bone of Contention"
 "Dangerous Flags"
 "The Demi-Urge"
 "Final Audit"
 "Utopia? Never!"
 "The Princess’ Carillon"
 "Genetic Coda"
 "Invaded by Love"
 "The Vamp"
 "The Return of the Medusae"
 "The Invasion of the Giant Stupid Dinosaurs"
 "The Descent of the West End"
 "The Happy Story"
 "The Wonderful World of Griswald Tractors"
 "The Discovery of the Nullitron", with John Sladek
 "Danny’s New Friends from Deneb", with John Sladek
 "The Affluence of Edwin Lollard"
 "White Fang Goes Dingo"

Sources

1971 short story collections
Short story collections by Thomas M. Disch
Arrow Books books


Hanja Kochansky is a Croatian writer and actress.

A refugee to Italy during the Second World War, in 1948 she went to Johannesburg as an emigrant. In 1966, she played one of Elizabeth Taylor's handmaidens in the film Cleopatra.

In 1972, her book, Freely Female: Women's Sexual Fantasies, was published by Ace Books in New York and was on the reading list for women’s studies programmes at a number of American universities. It was published by Aim Books in Australia in 1975 and by Granada Publishing Ltd. in the UK in 1977.

She married Hugh Bebb in 1963. They had a daughter, Katia, in 1966. In 1974, she had a son, Kasimir, with the Spaghetti Western actor, William Berger. He starred with his father in the TV mini-series, Christopher Columbus in 1985. He also acted in the film Absurd aka Rosso sangue (1981) with his mother and sister.

After living in Rome for thirty years, she moved to London in 2010.

From 10 March to 19 June 2011, a photograph of her taken by Ida Kar was displayed on the walls of the National Portrait Gallery.

Filmography
 Danger Man (1 episode, 1966, TV episode "The Paper Chase") .... Paula
 Rosso sangue (1981) .... Mrs. Bennett
 Liebeskonzil (1982) .... Purgue
 La famiglia (1987) (as Hania Kochansky) .... Susanna
 Una casa a Roma (1988) (TV)
 La cena (1998)
 Uomini & donne, amori & bugie (2003)

References

External links

Croatian film actresses
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Dauphin Hotel was an establishment located on the west block front of Broadway between 66th Street and 67th Street. In 1958, the ballroom of the hotel was behind Julia Murphy's Bar. The Dauphin Hotel was demolished as part of the excavation for the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. By 1964, the site was taken by the Empire Mutual Insurance Group building. This edifice also occupied the space where the Marie Antoinette Hotel previously stood. The area is currently occupied by a variety of retail stores including Raymour & Flanigan, Zara, and Pottery Barn, as well as a residential building.

Hotel chronology

C.D. Halsey & Company moved its offices from the Hotel Dauphin to the Sherman Square Hotel, Broadway and 70th Street, in November 1929. In 1942, it was purchased by investor Benjamin Winter, Sr.

In May 1946 the Dauphin Hotel was designated as a depot in an Emergency Food Collection Drive coordinated by the American Women's Voluntary Services. It was one of five collection repositories in Manhattan. Mayor of New York City William O'Dwyer requested residents of the city to not eat bread, pies, cakes, and pastries at evening meals on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. On these three nights meals would be dedicated to "Freedom From Famine", to end hunger abroad.

New York Supreme Court Justice Kenneth O'Brien voided a 15% increase given the hotel in a case involving forty tenants, in May 1948.

Donald Davis, son of playwright  Owen Davis, resided at the Dauphin Hotel in May 1949. He worked for the American Broadcasting Company.

The American Irish Minutemen of 1949 maintained their headquarters at the hotel. Numbering 1,000 members, the group organized pickets outside the Empire State Building on May 31, 1949. They protested a recent vote of the British House of Commons to permit the parliament of Northern Ireland to vote on the status of the six counties in the country. They encouraged a plebiscite conducted by the United Nations instead.

Gilbert Gabriel, drama critic for Cue magazine and president of the New York Drama Critics Circle,  resided at the hotel until his death in September 1952. While away from  New York City he had lived with his wife, painter and lithographer Ada Vorhaus Gabriel, since 1931.

Mrs. Henry B. Harris, a survivor of the RMS Titanic disaster, resided at the Dauphin Hotel in 1958. Her husband was lost with the ship. She was one of eight survivors of the ship's sinking who lived in New York at the time. A Night To Remember was shown especially for Harris and twenty others in a lounge off the main lobby of the hotel in October 1958. The English made motion picture was not released in theaters until December.

A showing of paintings by Elsig Springer was held at the Dauphin Hotel in June 1960.

Deaths

Louis De Franklin Munger, inventor of the demountable automobile rim and manufacturer of bicycles, died of heart disease at the hotel, in July 1929. Morris Robinson, 75, a retired lawyer and former executive of I. Rokeach, Inc., makers of grocery products, died at the hotel in October 1952. He was a resident there for many years. Carlton Miles, playwright and theatrical agent, died of a heart attack at his Dauphin Hotel apartment in September 1954. He was the press agent for Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne for fifteen years.

Corrado Muccini, of the Metropolitan Opera musical staff, died in his Dauphin Hotel apartment in March 1959. He was sixty years of age. Muccini was previously a conductor in his native Italy and South America before coming to the United States in 1953. Dr. George Louis Meylan, medical director of Columbia University died in his apartment at the hotel in
February 1960. He was 86. A native of Le Brassus, Sweden, Meylan was Columbia's medical director from 1903 - 1929.

Last days

Stanley J. Harte, owner of the Empire Mutual building, purchased the Dauphin Hotel and the Marie Antoinette Hotel for $3 million when his structure needed extra space. He resold the land to another insurance company and leased it back for forty years, with options of thirty and twenty-nine additional years. Concurrently Sonnenblick-Goldman obtained a $3.3 million leasehold mortgage from Harte for twenty-five years with a thirty-year option. There was an additional option to add five stories when necessary. The expansion was ongoing in December 1964.

See also
 List of former hotels in Manhattan

References

External links
Dauphin Hotel  postcard

Cultural history of New York City
Defunct hotels in Manhattan
1964 disestablishments in New York (state)
Upper West Side
Buildings and structures demolished in 1964
Demolished hotels in New York City
Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan


Colin Robert Reitz (born April 6, 1960) is a male English former track athlete who competed mainly in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

Career
Reitz won a bronze medal at the 1983 World Championships representing Great Britain, and a bronze medal at the 1986 Commonwealth Games representing England. He also won the 1983 AAA Championships title and competed at two Olympic Games.

Born in London, Reitz competed at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where he was eliminated in the semifinals. He represented England in the 1,500 metres and 3,000 metres steeplechase events, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

In 1983, he won the AAAs title, and went on to win the bronze medal in the 3000m steeplechase at the inaugural World Championships in Helsinki. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics he finished fifth in the final. In July 1986, he won a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, before finishing fourth at the European Championships in August. He set his personal best in the steeplechase with 8:12.11 on 5 September 1986 at a meet in Brussels. In the Track and Field News world merit rankings, he ranked in the top 10 three times; in 1983 (#4), 1984 (#6) and 1986 (#7). His final major competition was the 1987 World Championships, where he was eliminated in the heats.

International competitions
All results regarding 3000m steeplechase unless stated.

(#) Indicates overall position achieved in the semis (s) or heats (h).

References

1960 births
Living people
English male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Great Britain
Athletes from London
English male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Medallists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games


Wyman may refer to:

People with the surname Wyman

Wyman (surname)

People with the given or middle name Wyman

Artemas Wyman Sawyer (1827–1907), American Baptist minister
David Wyman Patten (1799–1838), American missionary, leader of the Latter Day Saint movement
Wyman B. S. Moor (1811–1869), American politician
Wyman Guin (1915–1989), science fiction writer
Wyman Spooner (1795–1877), Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin, United States
Wyman Wong (1969– ), Hong Kong lyricist, fashion columnist, stylist, DJ, actor

Fictional characters

Wyman Ford, a character in many novels by Douglas Preston
Wyman Manderly, bannerman to House Stark and Lord of White Harbor in the A Song of Ice and Fire book series and Game of Thrones television series by George R.R. Martin

Geography

Mount Wyman
Wyman, Arkansas
Wyman, Kentucky
Wyman's Brook, a district in the north-west of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom
Wyman, Maine, an unorganized territory in the United States
Wyman, Michigan, unorganized community in Home Township, Montcalm County, Michigan, United States

Ships

USNS Wyman, survey ship of the U.S. Navy
USS Wyman, destroyer of the U.S. Navy

Schools

Wyman School in Excelsior Springs, Missouri


The Oriental Club in London is an exclusive  Private Members’ Club established in 1824. Charles Graves describes it as fine in quality as White's but with the space of infinitely larger  clubs. It is located in Stratford Place, near Oxford Street and Bond Street.

Foundation
The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany reported in its April 1824, issue:

The founders included the Duke of Wellington and General Sir John Malcolm, and in 1824 all the Presidencies and Provinces of British India were still controlled by the Honourable East India Company.

History and membership
The early years of the club, from 1824 to 1858, are detailed in a book by Stephen Wheeler published in 1925, which contains a paragraph on each member of the club of that period.

James Grant said of the club in The Great Metropolis (1837):

The old Smoking Room is adorned with an elaborate ram's head snuff box complete with snuff rake and spoons, though most members have forgotten its original function.

On 29 July 1844, two heroes of the First Anglo-Afghan War, Sir William Nott and Sir Robert Sale, were elected as members of the club by the Committee as an "extraordinary tribute of respect and anticipating the unanimous sentiment of the Club".

On 12 January 1846, a special meeting at the club in Hanover Square presided over by George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, a former Governor-General of India, paid a public tribute to the dying Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe, which Sir James Weir Hogg described as "a wreath upon his bier".

With the formation of the East India Club in 1849, the link with the Honourable East India Company began to decline.

In 1850, Peter Cunningham wrote in his Hand-Book of London:

In 1861, the club's Chef de cuisine, Richard Terry, published his book Indian Cookery, stating that his recipes were "gathered, not only from my own knowledge of cookery, but from Native Cooks".

Charles Dickens Jr. reported in Dickens's Dictionary of London (1879): Dickens appears to have been quoting the club's own Rules and Regulations; that phrase appears there in 1889, when the total number of members was limited to eight hundred.

When Lytton Strachey joined the club in 1922, at the age of forty-two, he wrote to Virginia Woolf

Stephen Wheeler's 1925 book Annals of the Oriental Club, 1824–1858 also contains a list of the members of the club in the year 1924, with their years of election and their places of residence.

In 1927, R. A. Rye wrote of the club's library – "The library of the Oriental Club ... contains about 4,700 volumes, mostly on oriental subjects", while in 1928 Louis Napoleon Parker mentioned in his autobiography "... the bald and venerable heads of the members of the Oriental Club, perpetually reading The Morning Post.

In 1934, the novelist Alec Waugh wrote of

Another writer recalling the club in the 1970s says:

Club houses

In its monthly issue for June 1824, The Asiatic Journal reported that "The Oriental Club expect to open their house, No. 16, Lower Grosvenor Street, early in June. The Members, in the mean time, are requested to send their names to the Secretary as above, and to pay their admission fee and first year's subscription to the bankers, Messrs Martin, Call and Co., Bond Street."

The club's first purpose-built club house, in Hanover Square, was constructed in 1827–1828 and designed by Philip Wyatt and his brother Benjamin Dean Wyatt. The construction of additions to the Clubhouse that were designed by Decimus Burton, in 1853, was superintended, when eventually commenced, in 1871, by his nephew Henry Marley Burton.

Edward Walford, in his Old and New London (Volume 4, 1878) wrote of this building

The club remained in Hanover Square until 1961. The club house there was in use for the last time on 30 November 1961. Early in 1962, the club moved into its present club house, Stratford House in Stratford Place, just off Oxford Street, London W1C, having bought the property for conversion in 1960.

The central range of Stratford House was designed by Robert Adam and was built between 1770 and 1776 for Edward Stratford, 2nd Earl of Aldborough, who paid £4,000 for the site. It had previously been the location of the Lord Mayor of London's Banqueting House, built in 1565. The house remained in the Stratford family until 1832. It belonged briefly to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, a son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. The house was little altered until 1894, when its then owner, Murray Guthrie, added a second storey to the east and west wings and a colonnade in front. In 1903, a new owner, the Liberal politician Sir Edward Colebrook, later Lord Colebrooke, reconstructed the Library to an Adam design. In 1908, Lord Derby bought a lease and began more alterations, removing the colonnade and adding a third storey to both wings. He took out the original bifurcated staircase (replacing it with a less elegant single one), demolished the stables and built a Banqueting Hall with a grand ballroom above.

In 1960, the Club began to convert its new property. The ballroom was turned into two floors of new bedrooms, further lifts were added, and the banqueting hall was divided into a dining room and other rooms. The club now has a main drawing room, as well as others, a members' bar, a library and an ante-room, a billiards room, an internet suite and business room, and two (non)smoking rooms, as well as a dining room and 32 bedrooms.

Stratford House is a Grade I listed building.

The flag flying above the club house bears an Indian elephant, which is the badge of the club.

Art collection
The club possesses a fine collection of paintings, including many early portraits of Britons in India such as Warren Hastings. The Bar is overlooked by a painting of Tippu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore (1750–1799). There are portraits of the club's principal founders, the first Duke of Wellington (by H. W. Pickersgill) and Sir John Malcolm (by Samuel Lane). Other portraits include Lord Cornwallis (1738–1805), also by Samuel Lane, Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy, 1st Baronet (1783–1859), by John Smart, Clive of India (1725–1774) by Nathaniel Dance-Holland, Major-General Stringer Lawrence by Sir Joshua Reynolds, Major General Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet (1761–1827), by Ramsay Richard Reinagle, Edward Stratford, second Earl of Aldborough (died 1801) by Mather Brown, Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt (c. 1769–1849) and General Sir William Nott, both by Thomas Brigstocke, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1845–1927) by Sydney P. Kenrick after John Singer Sargent, Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Strachey (1817–1908) by Lowes Dickinson (the bequest of his widow, Jane Maria Strachey), Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe by F. R. Say, Thomas Snodgrass by an unknown artist, and a bust of the first Lord Lake.

President of the Club

1824–1852: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (Honorary President)

After Wellington's death in 1852, no further Presidents were appointed.

Chairmen of the Committee
1837: Sir Pulteney Malcolm GCB RN (brother of the founder, Sir John Malcolm)
1843: Major-General Sir J. L. Lushington
1918: C. A. MacDonald
1932–1933: Sir Reginald Mant
1951: Sir Charles Innes (Governor of Burma, 1927–1932)
1954 and 1958–1962: Sir Arthur Bruce

Founding Committee
The first club Committee of 1824 included:

Lord William Bentinck GCB (1774–1839)
Charles Williams-Wynn MP (1775–1850)
General Sir Alured Clarke GCB (1744–1832)
General Sir George Nugent, Bt GCB (1757–1849)
Vice-Admiral Sir Richard King, Bt (1774–1834)
Vice-Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm KCB (1768–1838)
Major General Sir John Malcolm GCB KLS (1769–1833)
Sir George Staunton, Bt. MP (1781–1859)
Sir Charles Forbes, 1st Baronet MP
Lt General Sir Thomas Hislop Bart GCB
Lt General Sir Miles Nightingall, KCB
Major General Sir Patrick Rose
Sir Robert Farquhar, Bt.
Sir Christopher Cole KCB MP
Major General Malcolm Grant
Major General Haldane, CB
Rear Admiral Lamber
Major General Rumley
Colonel Baron Tuyll
Colonel Alston
Colonel Baillie MP
Alexander Boswell, Esq.

Notable members
William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford (1768–1854)
Sir Hudson Lowe GCMG (1769–1844)
Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood, 1st Baronet (1770–1832)
Mountstuart Elphinstone (1779–1859), Governor of Bombay and author
Sir William Nott (1782–1845), distinguished soldier of the First Anglo-Afghan War, by special election
Sir Robert Sale (1782–1845), another hero of the First Anglo-Afghan War, by special election
George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland (1784–1849), Governor-General of India 1835–1842
Pownoll Pellew, 2nd Viscount Exmouth (1786–1833)
George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794–1842), son of King William IV
Alfred Burton (1802 - 1877). Mayor of Hastings, and son of the pre-eminent property developer James Burton. Alfred Burton was a long-standing member of the club, to which he donated numerous books and pictures, and to which his brother Decimus Burton and nephew Henry Marley Burton made architectural additions
Mansur Ali Khan, Nawab of Bengal (1830–1884)
The 1st Earl of Inchcape (1852–1932)
Sir Archibald Birkmyre, 1st Baronet (1875–1935)
Sir Narayana Raghavan Pillai of Elenkath, KCIE, CBE, ICS Former Governor of the Bank of India & Secretary of State; grandson of Dewan Nanoo Pillai of Elenkath
Sir John Jardine Paterson (1920–2000), Calcutta businessman
Austen Kark (1926–2002), managing director of the BBC World Service
 The Earl of Cromer (born 1946) of the Barings banking family
The 8th Earl of Wilton of the Grosvenor family (See Duke of Westminster)
The 3rd Lord Wrenbury
The 3rd Lord Shepherd
The Earl of Derby (born 1962)
The 4th Earl of Inchcape (born 1943)
Simon Mackay, Baron Tanlaw (born 1934)
Keichi Hayashi, Representative of the Emperor of Japan
Ravi Kumar, Pillai of Kandamath. Indian aristocrat
Maharaja Jai Singh
Sir David Tang, KBE, Hong Kong and London businessman
William Charles Langdon Brown, CBE, banker and former Member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council
Sir Mark Tully (born 1936) former Chief of Bureau, BBC, New Delhi
Sir George Martin (born 1926), producer of The Beatles
Christopher Beazley MEP (born 1952)
Alan Duncan MP
David Davies MP
Richard Harrington MP
James Innes (born 1975), British author
Swapan Dasgupta Indian MP and journalist

Members in fiction
Early in William Makepeace Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair (1848), Thackeray says of Joseph Sedley that "...he dined at fashionable taverns (for the Oriental Club was not as yet invented)." By the time of Sedley's return from India in 1827, "His very first point, of course, was to become a member of the Oriental Club, where he spent his mornings in the company of his brother Indians, where he dined, or whence he brought home men to dine."
In Thackeray's The Newcomes (1855), Colonel Thomas Newcome and Binnie are members of the Oriental Club. Writing of Thackeray, Francis Evans Baily says "...the Anglo-Indian types in his novels, including Colonel Newcome, were drawn from members of the Oriental Club in Hanover Square".

Bibliography
Baillie, Alexander F., The Oriental Club and Hanover Square (London, Longman, Green, 1901, 290 pp, illustrated)
Wheeler, Stephen (ed.), Annals of the Oriental Club, 1824–1858 (London, The Arden Press, 1925, xvi + 201 pp)
Forrest, Denys Mostyn, The Oriental: Life Story of a West End Club (London, Batsford, 1968, 240 pp)
Riches, Hugh A History of the Oriental Club (London, Oriental Club, 1998)

See also
List of London's gentlemen's clubs

References

External links
The Oriental Club – official web site
The Association of London Clubs – official web site
Listed Buildings in Stratford Place, Westminster – at westminster.gov.uk (official web site of the City of Westminster)

Gentlemen's clubs in London
Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster
Grade I listed clubhouses
1824 establishments in England
Military gentlemen's clubs


The Church House, No.1 Church Street, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England, is a prominent Grade II listed building located on the corner of Church Street and Long Street. It is noted for its range of large handsome windows, porch and shop fronts to both Church Street and Long Street.  Both gables have a range of windows indicating its possible former use as a weaver's workshop.

History
The property, once owned by the Feoffees, was often used as a venue for fund raising. One of these was very popular and was known as 'Church Ales', when a barrel or two of weak ale was provided and sold off at a party to raise money for a worthy cause.

Around 1752 the property was sold for £250 to help pay for the rebuilding of the Parish Church of St Mary's. This came about apparently because the tenant at the time forgot to take up his option to renew the lease and occupation on the appropriate day and the Church snatched the opportunity to raise more money. The parish retained the right to hold 'Church Ales' on the ground floor of the building.

During recent redevelopment of the cellar ancient, probably medieval, remains were uncovered.  The shop is now used as a clothes and fashion retail outlet.

References

Buildings and structures in Gloucestershire
Grade II listed buildings in Gloucestershire
Tetbury


Antonio Pavlov (; born 2 September 1988) is a Bulgarian footballer, who plays as a forward.

Career
A product of the Levski Sofia youth system, Pavlov spent some years on loans at smaller teams as Sportist Svoge, Kaliakra Kavarna and Chavdar Byala Slatina.

On 26 July 2011, he joined Hapoel Jerusalem on a one-year deal. On 29 September 2012, Pavlov scored a last-minute goal against his youth club Levski Sofia to level the score at 1:1 in an A PFG match.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
PFC Levski Sofia players
FC Sportist Svoge players
FC Kaliakra Kavarna players
PFC Vidima-Rakovski Sevlievo players
PFC Slavia Sofia players
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad players
Hapoel Jerusalem F.C. players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
Maccabi Yavne F.C. players
PFC Septemvri Sofia players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Liga Leumit players
Bulgarian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Israel


Daniel-Charles Trudaine (3 January 1703 – 19 January 1769) was a French administrator and civil engineer. Trudaine was one of the primary developers of the present French road system.

He is also known for the monumental Atlas de Trudaine ("Trudaine Atlas", also known as "Trudaine Road Maps"), made under his direction.

Life
Trudaine was born in Paris, the son of Charles Trudaine, prévôt des marchands de Paris (provost of the merchants of Paris). Daniel-Charles was a conseiller in the Parlement of Paris, then intendant of the Auvergne from 1730 to 1734. In 1743, he was named an honorary member of the Académie des sciences. In the following year, he was made director of the Assemblée des inspecteurs généraux des ponts et chaussées (Assembly of General Inspectors of Bridges and Roads), a title he held until his death. He founded the École nationale des ponts et chaussées (School of Civil Engineering) in 1747, with Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, engineer of the généralité of Alençon, as its head.

As head of civil engineering for the French state, Trudaine demonstrated his brilliance, creating several thousand kilometres of royal routes (now known as the "routes nationales") linking Paris to France's frontiers and main seaports. This network was one of the best designed in Europe, with routes built as straight as possible, laid out "de clocher à clocher" (from steeple to steeple), 60 feet (19.4 m) wide, bordered with trees and bound with ditches that were linked to rivers.

Trudaine was also responsible for the planning and construction of the Place Royale in Reims and other urban projects.

His son, Jean-Charles-Philibert Trudaine de Montigny, succeeded him in his official position.

Atlas de Trudaine
The Trudaine Atlas, created from 1745 to 1780, was the most accurate set of cartographic plans of roads and topography of France made during its period. The scale of the maps show far more detail than is found on the famous maps made by César-François Cassini de Thury and family. The 62 bound volumes contain more than 3,000 plates prepared by the central bureau of draftsmen. Each one was artistically hand-rendered with watercolor to show the presence and characteristics of the land, waterways, and vegetation; castles, private dwellings, and ruins; churches, convents, and cemeteries; extant roads, as well as planned road projects. Map plates were augmented with designs for locks, bridges, and other civil engineering projects where future improvements were deemed necessary.

Trudaine did not live to complete his atlas for all of France; only the 22 regions governed by intendants were completed. (Maps in the atlas do not extend to Burgundy, Alsace, Provence, Languedoc, and Brittany or to regions recently conquered by Louis XIV, except for Metz – 3 map sets, and the Upper-Cambrésis (Cambrai region) – also 3 map sets.) However, more than half of France was covered by his work.

Today, Trudaine's immense atlas remains one of the most significant achievements in the development of cartography.

References

External links
 BibliOdyssey: Atlas de Trudaine, a variety of examples of plates from the atlas
  Atlas de Trudaine at ARCHIM, website of the French National Archives

1703 births
1769 deaths
French civil engineers
Ancien Régime office-holders
18th-century French cartographers
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
18th-century French engineers


Marathon swimming is a class of open water swimming defined by long distances (at least ) and traditional rules based in English Channel swimming.  Unlike marathon foot-races which have a specifically defined distance, marathon swims vary in distance. However, one commonly used minimum definition is , the distance of the marathon swimming event at the Olympic Games.

As in all open water swimming, tides, surface currents and wind-chop are major determinants of finish-times. For a given course, these factors can vary dramatically from day to day, making any attempt to draw conclusions about athletic ability by comparing finish times from performances undertaken on different days meaningless.

One of the earliest marathon swims was accomplished in 1875 by Captain Matthew Webb, when he became the first person to swim across the English Channel.  Similarly, perhaps the most famous marathon swim of all time was accomplished in 1926 by Gertrude Ederle, when she became, at 19 years of age, the first woman to swim across the English Channel.  In doing so, she demolished the existing world record for the crossing, by employing the crawl stroke technique.

The Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming includes three of the best-known marathon swims: (1)  across the English Channel, (2)  between Catalina Island and the mainland in Southern California, USA, and (3)  around Manhattan Island in New York City, USA.

The Ocean's seven is a collection of seven channel swims: (1) North Channel between Ireland and Scotland, (2) Cook Strait between the North and South Islands of New Zealand, (3) Molokai Channel between Oahu and Molokai Islands in Hawaii, (4) English Channel between England and France, (5) Catalina Channel between Santa Catalina Island and Southern California, (6) Tsugaru Strait between the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido in Japan, and (7) Strait of Gibraltar between Europe and Africa. Irish swimmer Steve Redmond became the first person to complete the Ocean's seven upon completing the Tsugaru Strait on May 15, 2012.

Solo swims
 English Channel
 Catalina Channel (Santa Catalina – mainland)
 North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland) (formerly known as the Irish Channel)
 Tsugaru Strait
 Strait of Gibraltar
 Strait of Bonifacio
 Rottnest Channel Swim  (Australia)
 Cook Strait
 Swim Miami
 Beltquerung
 Otranto Strait
 Backstairs Passage
 Lake Tahoe

Group swims
 Rottnest Channel Swim  (Australia)
 FINA World Aquatics Championships
 FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships

See also
 English Channel swimmers
 Ocean's seven
 King of the Channel
 Queen of the Channel

References

External links
 Channel Swimming Association
 Channel Swimming & Piloting Federation
 Catalina Channel Swimming Federation
 NYC Swim
 ACNEG (Strait of Gibraltar Swimming Association)
 NAL (Strait of Bonifacio Swimming Association)
 Marathon Swimmers Federation
 Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming
 FINA 10km Marathon Swimming World Cup
 FINA Open Water Swimming Grand Prix
 Open water swimming in Greece

Swimming
Open water swimming


Lewis Elmer Ritter (September 7, 1875 in Liverpool, Pennsylvania – May 27, 1952 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) was a Major League Baseball catcher who played for the Brooklyn Superbas from 1902 to 1908.

External links

1875 births
1952 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Brooklyn Superbas players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Minor league baseball managers
Lockhaven Maroons players
Shamokin Reds players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
St. Paul Apostles players
St. Paul Saints (Western League) players
Wheeling Stogies players
Binghamton Bingoes players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Indianapolis Indians players
Utica Utes players
Elmira Colonels players
People from Perry County, Pennsylvania


Emmit King (March 24, 1959 – November 28, 2021) was an American track and field sprinter, who twice was a member of the American Relay Team for the Summer Olympics (1984 and 1988) but he did not compete. He is best known for winning the bronze medal at the inaugural 1983 World Championships in the men's 100 metres. At the same championships, he was part of the team that won gold in the 4x100 m relay for the United States, and in doing so set a new world record of 37.86 s. He set his personal best (10.04) in the 100 metres on June 17, 1988, at the 1988 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Tampa, Florida.

While at the University of Alabama, King became the 1983 NCAA 100 meters National Champion (10.15 seconds).

King was also twice national champion at the short sprint indoors: in 1984 at 60 yards and in 1988 at 55 metres.

In 1986, he became a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity through the Theta Delta chapter at the University. King was also a graduate of Hueytown High School in Alabama. In 1986 he married fellow Olympian Lillie Leatherwood.

King was killed in a shooting after a dispute on November 28, 2021, in Bessemer, Alabama. He was 62.

Rankings
King was ranked among the best in the US and the world in the 100 m sprint event in the period 1979 to 1988, according to the votes of the experts of Track and Field News.

References

External links

US Olympic Team

1959 births
2021 deaths
Alabama Crimson Tide men's track and field athletes
American male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Sportspeople from Bessemer, Alabama
Track and field athletes from Alabama
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
Hueytown High School alumni
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners
USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners
World Athletics Championships winners
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games
Deaths by firearm in Alabama
American murderers