In Judaism, a person who is shomer Shabbat or shomer Shabbos (plural shomré Shabbat or shomrei Shabbos; , "Sabbath observer", sometimes more specifically, "Saturday Sabbath observer") is a person who observes the mitzvot (commandments) associated with Judaism's Shabbat, or Sabbath, which begins at dusk on Friday and ends after sunset on Saturday.

Under Jewish law (halakhah), the person who is shomer Shabbat is expected to conform to the prohibitions against certain forms of melacha—creative acts. The observant Jew does not cook, spend money, write, operate electrical devices, or carry out other activities prohibited on Shabbat. In addition, a variety of positive Sabbath commandments are expected to be fulfilled, such as Sabbath meals, rituals, prayers, kindness, benignity, rest and—for married couples—sexual intercourse on Friday night.

In contemporary Orthodox Judaism, the shomer Shabbat person would typically strive to follow all the rules associated with the Sabbath. Within the "liberal" movements of Judaism, the phrase may signify a person who takes seriously the observance of the "core" mitzvot.

The shomer Shabbat is an archetype mentioned in Jewish songs (e.g., Baruch El Elyon) and the intended audience for various treatises on Jewish law and practice for the Sabbath day (e.g., Shmirat Shabbat ke-Hilkhata). In 2000, the media took note that the candidate for U.S. Vice President, Senator Joseph Lieberman, is shomer Shabbat.

Origin and usage

The term shomer Shabbat is derived from the wording of one of the Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy (5:14-15), which instructs the Hebrews to "observe" the Sabbath day and sanctify it. (In Exodus, the Decalogue states that they should "remember" the Sabbath.) The exact term "shomer Shabbat" appears in the Hebrew Bible only in Isaiah 56:2,6. Shomer Shabbat is not used in the Mishnah or Talmud, it occurs a handful of times in the midrashic literature. Similarly, the term is used infrequently in medieval and early modern rabbinic literature: for example, once in Maimonides, never in the Shulchan Aruch and rarely in responsa prior to the 20th century. The term has been used frequently, though, during the last 100 years. It is also used to name shuls, such as a predecessor to Machzike Hadath in London, a Gateshead synagogue (founded in 1897), and one in Boro Park.

Over the years, shomer Shabbat readers have been offered specialized manuals on halakhah, including a popular book by Rabbi Yehoshua Neuwirth and Sefer Shomer Shabbat by David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida (ca. 1650–1696), pictured.

A shomer Shabbat may be contrasted with the person who desecrates the Shabbat (mekhallel shabbat), a status of serious deviance when done in public.

Social dimensions
In the past, it was relatively uncommon to be shomer Shabbat in the United States, even among the Orthodox. Emanuel Feldman writes that it was a "rarity" in the American Orthodoxy of the 1950s. Political scientist Charles Liebman has estimated that overall, about 4% of American Jews were shomer shabbos in the 1960s. Among other factors, Saturday had not yet been established as a day off from work, and many American Jews found that insistence on Shabbat observance would cost them their livelihood. During this period, to improve observance, Flatbush rabbis operated a shomer Shabbat council and ran a shomer Shabbat parade.

According to the National Jewish Population Survey (2000–2001), about 50% of affiliated Jews (versus 8% of unaffiliated) light Sabbath candles. The first mitzvah in shomer Shabbat homes each Friday evening, candle-lighting is performed by 85% of Orthodox, 50% of Conservative and 25% of Reform Jews (Ament 2005:31). In total, Sabbath candle-lighting is practiced by 28% of NJPS survey respondents representative of 4.3 million Jews (United Jewish Communities 2003:7).

With the increasing observance among Orthodox Jews, the status of shomer Shabbat has become more important. For example, one of the key questions asked about Orthodox Jewish day schools is whether it allows children who are not shomer Shabbat. The shomer shabbat distinction has been found to be a factor in the social integration of children and families. Sabbath observance is a major priority among Orthodox Jewish families and one scholar contends that shomer Shabbat status is the "functional equivalent" of Orthodox Jewish identity.

Various organizations have accommodated the religious observance requirements of shomer Shabbat Jews. For example, after extensive appeals on their behalf, the U.S. National High School Mock Trial Championship made adjustments for observant Jews from the Torah Academy of Bergen County who were the 2005 state champions representing New Jersey. Similarly, hospitals may allow a shomer Shabbat program for residents in medical training, in which the shomer Shabbat resident works a similar amount of hours as other residents, but not on Shabbat or major Jewish holidays. Many municipalities have cooperated with observant Jews in creating a symbolic boundary for a neighborhood (eruv), in which a shomer Shabbat is permitted to carry or move items that would otherwise be prohibited, such as a baby stroller. In sports, observant Jews may be accommodated along with Seventh-day Adventists. Alternatively, groups like Tzivos Hashem have set up alternate leagues (such as a shomer Shabbat alternative to Little League).

Business implications
Sabbath observance is also important for Jewish businesses. For example, a paper factory in Kiryat Gat was publicized in 2000 as a shomer Shabbat factory. More critically, the observance of kashrut, Jewish dietary laws, depends strongly nowadays on people who are shomer Shabbat. The mashgiach (supervisor of kashrut) must be shomer Shabbat. In addition, it may be helpful if the owner is also shomer Shabbat, although this status does not necessarily mean they may be trusted with the oversight of their own establishment (Ament 2007). Conversely, a person who is not shomer Shabbat is not trusted for kashrut supervision, according to the Orthodox Union, based on a responsum of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein (Ament 2007). However, such rules do not impinge on employees or customers who may not be shomer shabbat.

As a consumer, the shomer Shabbat helps create a market demand for a range of specialty products. These products include electric timers, the blech (to keep food warm), clocks (such as "KosherClock: The Shomer Shabbat Alarm Clock with 5 Alarms"), and a Dutch oven or crock pot for cholent. To avoid turning electricity on or off, the shomer Shabbat may utilize a Sabbath lamp that remains lit, yet may be covered to darken a room during Shabbat.

Cultural references
In the movie The Big Lebowski, the protagonist's best friend is Walter Sobchak (played by John Goodman), a convert to Judaism who refuses to bowl on Shabbos because he is shomer Shabbat.

See also
Shabbaton

References

Bibliography

Ament, Jonathan. "American Jewish Religious Denominations," Report series on the National Jewish Population Survey (2000–2001), United Jewish Communities. February 2005.
Yehoshua Neuwirth. Shemirat Shabat ke-hilkhatah. Jerusalem: Mekhon Nishmat Aharon ve-Ya'akov, 1993. (Rabbi Neuwirth often cites his teacher, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach.)
David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida, (ca. 1650–1696). Shomer Shabbat: bo mevoʾar kol hilkhot Shabat bi-khelal uvi-feraṭ. (Early manual for Sabbath observance). Balḳani: Yitsḥaḳ Aiziḳ Hais, 695, 1935. Originally published in 1687. (1911 edition pictured)
Luban, Yaakov. “Current Issues Facing the Local Vaad HaKashruth.” A position paper presented by Rabbi Luban, Orthodox Union (OU), New York City, May 1, 2007. Published on the OU website as "OU Recommendations for Vaad HaKashrus Supervision."
Pimental, Abraham Cohen. Sefer Minchat Kohen. (Early manual for Sabbath observance). Amsterdam: David de Castro Tartas, 1668.
Soae, Rafael Abraham, Cohen. 2004. Practical laws of Shabbat: a detailed halachic guide for the shomer Shabbat Jew. Jerusalem: Bene Aharon. (HOLLIS Number:  009507867)
United Jewish Communities. National Jewish Population Survey 2000-2001: Strength, Challenge and Diversity in the American Jewish Population. New York: United Jewish Communities, 2003.

Shabbat
Hebrew words and phrases


Couzon () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

Economy
The economy is based around forestry, agriculture and most people have small holdings.  This region was prized for its clay and there are many old 'Tuileries' which were the old tile-making sites. The weather used to be very hot in the summer with snow in the winter as it is quite high up, but the last couple of years have seen an increase in rain (to the point of damaging crops), and milder summers.

Facilities
The nearest small town and supermarket is ten minutes away at Bourbon L'Archambault, which was the original seat of the Dukes of Bourbon in medieval times and has the remains of a superb castle, it was also a Roman bath town. The nearest large town is Moulins, Allier.

There is also a house that Joan of Arc  is said to have stayed in.

Sport
There is an excellent sports complex and it is possible to go kayaking and canoeing on the river. There are also a variety of sports clubs including motorcross, archery, scuba diving, martial arts and rifle shooting.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Créchy (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Between this village and nearby Billy, lagerstätten have yielded a rich assemblage of fossils from the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (c. 24-23 million years ago).

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

  (2003): La limite Oligocène-Miocène en Limagne: changements fauniques chez les mammifères, oiseaux et ostracodes des différents niveaux de Billy-Créchy (Allier, France) [The Oligocene-Miocene boundary in Limagne: faunal changes in the mammals, birds and ostracods from the different levels of Billy-Créchy (Allier, France)] [French with English abstract]. Geobios 36(6): 719–731.  (HTML abstract)

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cressanges () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Creuzier-le-Neuf () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography

Location
Creuzier-le-Neuf is located 9 kilometers north of Vichy which it is a part of the agglomeration and about 20 km from Varennes-sur-Allier and Lapalisse.

Transportation
It is accessible by the route nationale (RN) 209 from Varennes-sur-Allier and Moulins, route départementale (RD) 67 (Vichy bypass) from suburban districts located on the left bank, RD 907 from Lapalisse, RD 77 from Saint-Germain-des-Fossés, RD 558 and RD 174.

Carpool area has been created with the participation of the community of agglomeration of Vichy Val d'Allier and the General Council of Allier. It is part of the Community scheme areas carpooling.

Administration
List of successive mayors:
 1965-2008: André Buissonniere
 2008-2014: Jean-Pierre Mongaret
 2014-2020: Léopold Nunez
 2020–2026: Thierry Laplace

Population

Culture & Heritage

 Classic vintage home in Celzat
 Chermont ruined castle of the 18th century
 Saint-Front Church of the 11th and 12th centuries, rebuilt in the 19th century
 Gothic chapel Chermont
 Banks of Mourgon

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Creuzier-le-Vieux () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography

Location
Creuzier-le-Vieux is located near Montagne Verte (Green Mountain), north of the two main cities of the agglomeration that are Vichy and Cusset.

Transportation

Road transportation
The city is accessible through several departmental roads:
 D 6E, serving La Pergola polyclinic;
 D 27 (from Cusset to Saulzet via Beausoleil and Pont Boutiron hamlets);
 D 174 serving Rhue and Laudemarière hamlets and Vichy-Rhue industrial area;
 D 258 (from Vichy to Saint-Germain-des-Fossés via town centre and Laudemarière hamlet);
 D 558 (from Les Arloings hamlet to Seuillet);
 D 658.

Railway transportation
The Saint-Germain-des-Fossés–Darsac railway passes to the west of the town.

The nearest railway stations are in Saint-Germain-des-Fossés and Vichy.

Urban transportation
Creuzier-le-Vieux is served by two of the nine lines of the network public transport MobiVie. Line D serves the borough; line F serves the industrial area of Vichy-Rhue.

History
Polls conducted in 2002 in Les Petits Guinards, bordering the Allier, confirmed older findings and show occupation dating back to the Magdalenian. The remains found in particular testify hunts reindeer and horse, between March and July.

The Lordship of Creuzier-le-Vieux belonged in the 16th century to the family of Montmorillon; it goes to the Bourbon-Busset by the marriage, on 21 June 1588, by Louise Montmorillon and César de Bourbon, count of Busset. The family of Bourbon-Busset remained owner Creuzier-le-Vieux until the mid-19th century.

Since the 11th century to the years 1950-1960, the hills around Vichy (including those of Creuzier-le-Vieux) were covered with vines ("old Vichy vineyard").

Administration
List of successive mayors (incomplete):
 October 1983-March 2001: Jean Burlaud
 March 2001-March 2014: Jean-Claude Tuloup
 March 2014 – 2020: Christian Bertin
 2020–2026: Bernard Corre

Population

Culture & Heritage
 Saint-Martin Church, surrounded by the cemetery, away from the town (heavily reworked in the 20th century on a 12th-century base). Merovingian cemetery was excavated in 1986 in the crypt of the church.
 Stronghold of the 15th century, adjoins the church (castle Lauzet). It succeeded an older castle, some vestiges remain. At this place was the seat of the lordship of Creuzier-le-Vieux.
 War Memorial 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 on the site of the church. A child sitting on a barrel shows a helmeted head. Branches of vine and grapes recall the local culture, but also symbolize the blood of sacrifice.
 Stronghold of Laudemarière heavily remodeled in the nineteenth century. The central building is flanked on one side of a house and the other a round tower with a conical roof.
 Stronghold of La Viala.
 La Seigne castle (18th century)
 Boutiron bridge (on departmental road 27, between Charmeil and Creuzier-le-Vieux, Monument historique since 2021)
 Laundry (19th century).

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Hisor (, ) or Hisar (, Gissar) is a city in western Tajikistan, about 15 km west of Dushanbe. The city was the seat of the former Hisar District, and is part of the Districts of Republican Subordination. It lies at an altitude of 799–824 m, surrounded by high mountains (Gissar Range to the north, Babatag and Aktau ranges to the south). The river Khanaka, a tributary to the Kofarnihon, flows through the town. Its population is estimated at 29,100 for the city proper and 308,100 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). As of 2002, its population was composed 81.6% of Tajiks, 12.3% Uzbeks, 3.6% Russians, and 2.5% others.

History
The fort of Hisar, residence of the Bukharan governor, is said to date back to Cyrus the Great and to have been captured twenty one times.

In 1504 the region was conquered by Muhammad Shaybani. Babur briefly conquered Hisar in 1511, but came back under control of the Uzbeks not long after. Hisar became a semi-independent principality in the next few decades and was ruled by a sultan, furnishing troops for Bukhara's military campaigns. In the 17th century the Tajiks became the dominant power in the region, obtaining the governorship of Hisar. During this period the Bukharan khanate was split between the khan in Bukhara and the ruler (usually one of his relatives) in Balkh, and Hisar was generally subordinate to the latter. The decline of Bukharan power after the assassination of Ubaydullah Khan in 1711 resulted in Hisor asserting its independence.

Hisar was made a city on June 26, 1993.

Subdivisions
Before ca. 2018, Hisar was the seat of Hisar District, which covered the rural part of the present city of Hisar isor. The city of Hisar covers Hisar proper, the town Sharora and ten jamoats. These are as follows:

Geography

Climate
Hisar has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). The average annual temperature is . The hottest month is July with an average temperature of  and the coolest January with an average temperature of . The average annual precipitation is  and there is an average of 90.5 days with precipitation. The wettest month is March with an average of  of precipitation and the driest month is August with an average of .

References

External links

Populated places in Districts of Republican Subordination


Cusset is a commune in the department of Allier, in central French region of Auvergne. Situated in the foothills of the , the city is a suburb of Vichy and ranks fourth in population for the department.

Population

Geography

Location
Located on the Sichon River, tributary of the Allier river, in the foothills of the  Bourbonnaise Mountain, at an elevation of approximately 980 feet on top of the Mount Béton, Cusset is annexed to Vichy.

The city includes fifty or so Lieux-dit (part of a municipality nominated because of an historical particularity), the most important are Presle, Puy-Besseau, the Bartins, Champcourt, Chantegrelet, Chassignol and Viermeux.

Cusset is a part of the arrondissement of Vichy, for many years it was the capital of a unique canton until 1985, at which point a decree separated this canton into two parts : Northern Cusset and Southern Cusset. Following the boundary changes of 2014, only one canton shall remain in 2015.

The municipality is located, as the crow flies, at an equal distance between the administrative centers of the department of Moulins to the north and of the region of Clermont-Ferrand to the southeast (approx. 30 miles).

Geology and relief
The surface area of the municipality 7890 acres, its elevation varies between 837 and 1584 feet. The low-lying areas are located near Vichy (built residences on the Sichon riverside) whereas the high-elevation sectors are located to the east (Chassignol, Meunière, Viermeux, Les Acarins)

Hydrography
The Sichon passes through the municipality, tributary of the Allier river; the Bourbonnaise Mountain is the source of other waterways which cross the municipality ( le Jolan, le Rebusset, l’Abrion, le Dalbot).

Climate
The climate in this region is continental. The climate records come from the nearest weather station located in Charmeil, close to the airport. In 2011 the city was exposed to the sun for a total of 88 days (2096 hours), these results are very close to the national average. The municipality registered a rainfall of  23 inches and the maximal speed of the wind reached 52 mph.

Culture
Star Wars themed fan convention Générations Star Wars et Science Fiction occurs every year in the city's main auditorium Espace Chambon.

Twin towns — Sister cities
Cusset is twinned with:

 Neusäß, Germany

See also
 Communes of the Allier department

External links
 Town hall website (in French)

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Auvergne


Deneuille-lès-Chantelle (, literally Deneuille near Chantelle; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
The river Bouble forms all of the commune's southern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Deneuille-les-Mines (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Deux-Chaises (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Domérat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France. In 2016, the municipality had 8,819 inhabitants, down 2.3% compared to 2011.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dompierre-sur-Besbre (, literally Dompierre on Besbre) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Le Pal is an animal theme park in the municipality area of Saint-Pourçain-sur-Besbre, close to Dompierre-sur-Besbre.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Donjon () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


USS Noble (APA-218) was a  which saw service with the US Navy in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. She was later transferred to the Spanish Navy in the 1964 under a mutual assistance agreement. Noble was named after Noble County, Indiana, Noble County, Ohio, and Noble County, Oklahoma.

Construction
Noble was laid down 20 July 1944, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCV hull 566, by Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard No. 2, Richmond, California; as a modified Victory ship; completed by the Kaiser Shipyard at Richmond; launched 18 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Maxine C. Jones; acquired by the Navy 27 November 1944; and commissioned the same day, Commander, later Rear Admiral, Solomon S. Isquith in command.

Operational history

World War II
Nobles primary mission was to transport to a combat area the men and some of the material necessary for an assault on an enemy shore. Her main armament, her boat group, was designed to deliver her troops and cargo to the beach in a planned and orderly fashion. After discharging troops and equipment, she could evacuate casualties or prisoners of war.

Invasion of Okinawa

In January 1945, Noble steamed westward to participate in the Okinawa campaign.

Post-war duties
Upon termination of the war, she assisted in the delivery of released allied prisoners of war from Korea to the Philippines. She also participated in Operation Magic Carpet, returning servicemen from the Pacific to the United States. Noble was attached to the US Atlantic Fleet from 1946 through 1949, operating out of Norfolk, Virginia.

Korean War
Noble returned to San Diego 13 September 1949, and was undergoing overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, San Francisco, when war broke out in Korea in June 1950. In August, she steamed to Korea to participate in the September Inchon amphibious assault. Thereafter, she assisted in the transport of US and foreign troops and equipment to and from the Korean combat zone.

In July 1953, she participated in Operation Big Switch, moving Communist North Korean prisoners from Koje Do to Inchon pursuant to the armistice agreement.

Peacetime operations
Subsequent to the Korean War, Noble conducted training operations in both the eastern and western Pacific areas. In 1955, she assisted in the evacuation of Chinese civilians and military from the Tachen Islands to Formosa. The ship appeared in the 1956 20th Century Fox movie D-Day the Sixth of June starring Robert Taylor, Richard Todd and Dana Wynter and in the 1956 movie Between Heaven and Hell starring Robert Wagner, Terry Moore, and Buddy Ebsen. At the outset of the Cuban Missile Crisis on 27 October 1962, Noble embarked 1,400 Marines with their equipment and steamed for the Caribbean in company with other Pacific Fleet amphibious units. She returned to San Diego in December, then deployed to WestPac in March 1963 for a tour with the Seventh Fleet Amphibious Ready Group.

Transfer to the Spanish Navy
Noble returned to San Diego in December 1963, and conducted upkeep and training operations until she decommissioned 1 July 1964. She then entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard for preparation for transfer to Spain under the Mutual Assistance Program. The transfer ceremony took place 19 December, at San Francisco.

Spanish service
Renamed attack transport Aragón (TA-11), by the Spanish Navy, the ship served until being laid up and struck from the Spanish Navy Vessel Register on 1 January 1982. She was sold for scrap in 1987.

Notes

Noble County, Indiana, was named for Noah Noble, an early governor of that state; Noble County, Ohio, was named for Warren P. Noble, an early settler, member of the Ohio House of Representatives and a US Representative from Ohio; and Noble County, Oklahoma, was named for John Willock Noble, Secretary of the Interior from 1889 to 1893.
Citations

Bibliography

Online resources

External links

Haskell-class attack transports
Noble County, Indiana
Noble County, Ohio
Noble County, Oklahoma
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
1944 ships
United States Army units and formations in the Korean War


The Sta. Rita Hills AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Santa Barbara County, California. From its creation in 2001 through 2006, the wine appellation was officially named Santa Rita Hills AVA.  The formal name change was the result of a protest by and subsequent negotiations with Vina Santa Rita, a very large Chilean wine producer that was concerned about the AVA name diluting its international brand value.  The name change took effect on January 5, 2006, with a yearlong period for producers in the AVA to change their wine labels.

Geography
Sta. Rita Hills is part of the larger Santa Ynez Valley AVA, located between the towns of Lompoc and Buellton with the Purisima Hills on the north and the Santa Rosa Hills on the south.  The wine region is exposed to fog and coastal breezes from the nearby Pacific Ocean.  The hills run east to west, which allows cool ocean breezes from the nearby Pacific Ocean to enter the valley created by the hills and create a cool mesoclimate.  When combined with the rocky nature of the area, the Santa Rita Hills area is well-suited for the growing of Pinot noir grapes, which tend to do well in cool climates with rocky soil.  The region is best known for Chardonnay, Pinot noir, and cool climate Syrah varietal wines.

Wine industry
Several wineries are located in and around the Sta. Rita Hills AVA.  Wineries and locations in the Sta. Rita Hills AVA were featured in the 2004 U.S. film Sideways. Sideways Fest is an annual three-day event hosted by the Sta. Rita Hills Wine Alliance celebrating the anniversary of the movie's filming in the Santa Ynez Valley.

See also

Fiddlehead Cellars

References

External links
 Sta. Rita Hills Winegrowers Alliance
  Santa Ynez Wine Country Association
 TTB AVA map

American Viticultural Areas of California
American Viticultural Areas of Southern California
Santa Ynez Valley
Geography of Santa Barbara County, California
American Viticultural Areas
2001 establishments in California


Doyet (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France. Its inhabitants are called Doyétois.

Geography

Location
Doyet has seven neighboring towns:

 Bézenet
 Chamblet
 Deneuille-les-Mines
 Malicorne
 Montvicq
 Saint-Angel
 Villefrance-d'Allier

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

External links

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Droiturier (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Durdat-Larequille (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

The commune was the birthplace of Christophe Thivrier, a miner who became the first Socialist mayor in France and then was a Deputy in the National Assembly.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ébreuil (; Auvergnat: Esbreule) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Échassières (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
The river Bouble forms most of the commune's northwestern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department
Echassières mine

External links
 Town hall website (in French)

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Escurolles (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Espinasse-Vozelle (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Étroussat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ferrières-sur-Sichon (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

Sights
 Arboretum Paul Barge

See also
 Glozel
 Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Ferté-Hauterive () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Fleuriel () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
Two parts of its territory are wooded: the forest of Mosières, in the north, and the end of the forest of the Abbaye-Giverzat, in the southwest.

The town is watered by the Veauvre, a stream that flows into the Bouble.

The municipality is crossed by the provincial road 36, which provides access to Montmarault by the RD 46 northwest of the town, or to Chantelle by the RD 986 southeast.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

External links

 Official site

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Fourilles (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
The river Bouble flows northeast through the northern part of the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Franchesse () is a commune in the Allier department in central France. The linguist Frantz Brunet (1879–1965) was born in Franchesse.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Gannay-sur-Loire (, literally Gannay on Loire) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Pedro Delgado was a Venezuelan footballer who ended his career with Carrick Rangers in Northern Ireland.

Club career
He started his career as a central midfielder at Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola. He represented Venezuela at youth level - U-14, U-15 and U-17 including participation in the same South American Cup at which Ronaldo made his Brazil debut.

Following his stint as a player under a full athletic scholarship at the University of Evansville, where he was a 4 time student-athlete All America selection and named to the Missouri Valley Conference team of the century, he played for Deportivo Galicia and Deportivo Táchira Fútbol Club in his homeland. While playing for Deportivo Táchira Fútbol Club he made a few appearances in the Copa Libertadores.

In Northern Ireland, he played for Linfield FC, Dungannon Swifts FC, Carrick Rangers FC and for Larne.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Venezuelan men's footballers
Deportivo Táchira F.C. players
Linfield F.C. players
Dungannon Swifts F.C. players
Larne F.C. players
Carrick Rangers F.C. players
Venezuelan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's association footballers in Northern Ireland
Venezuelan expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Men's association football midfielders


Garnat-sur-Engièvre () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gennetines () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gipcy () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

Administration
Chantal Brouttet, re-elected in March 2014 after municipal elections, was forced to resign for health reasons. She has been replaced in November 2015 by David Delegrange, who was re-elected in 2020. In October 2022 Aude Aufauvre was elected mayor.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Givarlais (; ) is a former commune in the Allier department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Haut-Bocage.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Former communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Gouise () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

This small village is situated at the crossing of two secondary departmental roads, the D102 (East-West from Saint-Voir to Bessay-sur-Allier) and the D105 (North-South from Neuilly-le-Réal to Saint-Gérand-de-Vaux). Oddly, it has no church but a small town hall with an adjacent meeting room.

Population

Economy
Gouise lives mainly on farming (cattle) and tourism (bed and breakfast). There is also a construction work company. Other people live there but go to work in town (Moulins) or in neighbouring villages.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Guillermie () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gustave Satter (12 February 1832 – after 1882) was an Austrian composer and pianist.

Biography
Gustave (or Gustav) Josephe Satter was born on 12 February 1832 in Vienna, Austria to Dr. John N. Satter and
Caroline Weisshappel. (Satter claimed Napoleonic lineage, but there is no proof of this.)  He did not follow in his father's footsteps to study medicine, and he pursued a career in music without much formal training.  Satter first earned notice as a composer in Vienna, but this was quickly overshadowed by his solo piano recitals. After a series of successful concerts in New York City and Boston in 1855 he settled in the United States, where he taught, composed, and held concerts. He composed one opera, Olanthe. By 1861 he was back in Europe, but returned to the U.S. in 1875, touring across the country for years. His last appearances seem to have been in 1882, with concerts in New England and New Orleans. The same year, he married a young Belgian woman,
Antoinette Victorine Gilman, in Northwood, NH, 3 October 1882.

References

External links

Austrian classical pianists
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American male pianists
Austrian opera composers
Male opera composers
1832 births
19th-century classical composers
Austrian male classical composers
Austrian classical composers
Musicians from Vienna
19th-century classical pianists
19th-century American pianists
Year of death unknown
19th-century American male musicians


Huriel (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Woodchips are small- to medium-sized pieces of wood formed by cutting or chipping larger pieces of wood such as trees, branches, logging residues, stumps, roots, and wood waste.

Woodchips may be used as a biomass solid fuel and are raw material for producing wood pulp. They may also be used as an organic mulch in gardening, landscaping, and ecosystem restoration; in bioreactors for denitrification; and as a substrate for mushroom cultivation.

The process of making woodchips is called wood chipping and is done using a wood chipper. The types of woodchips formed following chipping is dependent on the type of wood chipper used and the material from which they are made. Woodchip varieties include: forest chips (from forested areas), wood residue chips (from untreated wood residues, recycled wood and off-cuts), sawing residue chips (from sawmill residues), and short rotation forestry chips (from energy crops).

Raw materials
The raw materials of woodchips can be pulpwood, waste wood, and residual wood from agriculture, landscaping, logging, and sawmills. Woodchips can also be produced from remaining forestry materials including tree crowns, branches, unsaleable materials or undersized trees.

Forestry operations provide the raw materials needed for woodchip production. Almost any tree can be converted into woodchips, however, the type and quality of the wood used to produce woodchips depends largely on the market. Softwood species, for instance, tend to be more versatile for use as woodchips than hardwood species because they are less dense and faster growing.

Production
A wood chipper is a machine used for cutting wood into smaller pieces (chips). There are several types of wood chippers, each having a different use depending on the type of processing the woodchips will undergo.

Pulp and paper industry
Woodchips used for chemical pulp must be relatively uniform in size and free of bark. The optimum size varies with the wood species. It is important to avoid damage to the wood fibres as this is important for the pulp properties. For roundwood it is most common to use disk chippers. A typical size of the disk is 2.0–3.5 m in diameter, 10–25 cm in thickness and weight is up to 30 tons. The disk is fitted with 4 to 16 knives and driven with motors of ½ –2 MW. Drum chippers are normally used for wood residuals from saw mills or other wood industry.

Methods of conveyance
There are four potential methods to move woodchips: pneumatic, conveyor belt, hopper with direct chute, and batch system (manual conveyance).

Types of wood chippers

Disk
A disk wood chipper features a flywheel made of steel and chopping blades with slotted disks. The blades slice through the wood as the material is fed through the chute. Knives located in the throat of the chipper cuts the wood in the opposite direction. The design is not as energy efficient as other styles but produces consistent shapes and sizes of woodchips.

Drum
A drum wood chipper has a rotating parallel-sided drum attached to the engine with reinforced steel blades attached in a horizontal direction. Wood is drawn into the chute by gravity and the rotation of the drum where it is broken up by the steel blades. The drum type is noisy and creates large uneven chips but are more energy efficient than the disk type.

Screw-type
A screw-type wood chipper contains a conical, screw-shaped blade {citation needed}. The blade rotation is set parallel to the opening so wood is pulled into the chipper by the spiral motion. Screw-type, also called high-torque rollers, are popular for residential use due to being quiet, easy to use and safer than disk and drum types.

Applications

Woodchips are used primarily as a raw material for technical wood processing. In industry, processing of bark chips is often separated after peeling the logs due to different chemical properties.

Wood pulp

Only the heartwood and sapwood are useful for making pulp. Bark contains relatively few useful fibres and is removed and used as fuel to provide steam for use in the pulp mill. Most pulping processes require that the wood be chipped and screened to provide uniform sized chips.

Mulch
Woodchips are also used as landscaping and garden mulch, for water conservation, weed control, and reducing and preventing soil erosion. Woodchips when used as a mulch are at least three inches thick. It has a mixed reputation in gardening.

It has been promoted for use in habitat restoration projects. As the ramial chipped wood decomposes it improves the soil structure, permeability, bioactivity, and nutrient availability of the soil.

Playground surfacing
Woodchips do not meet American Society for Testing and Materials standards for use as playground surfacing material, and as of 2011 are illegal to use as playground surfacing in the US, not being ADA-approved according to US department of Justice guidelines.

Barbecuing
Woodchips can also be used to infuse flavor and enhance the smoky taste to barbecued meats and vegetables. Several different species of wood can be used depending on the type of flavor wanted. For a mild, sweet fruity flavor, apple wood can be used while hickory gives a smoky, bacon-like flavor. Other different types of wood used are cherry, mesquite and pecan.

Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor
Woodchips can be loaded into a 'denitrifying woodchip bioreactor' which has been used for several decades as an emerging biotechnology to treat agricultural wastewater by removing nitrates. It is a subsurface system where denitrification by micro-organisms utilizing a carbon source (as electron donor) reduces the nitrate into a harmless nitrogen gas. Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor have a low construction and operational costs with a comparatively long lifespan going up to 15 years. The interest in such a technique has grown in recent years and has expanded into the mining industry.

A 2013 experiment showed that after 70 days of startup, a woodchip pile loaded with liquid pig manure at 5 L/m2/day removed an average of 90% of nitrate after one month. However, if the environmental conditions do not support complete denitrification, undesirable greenhouse gas such as nitrous oxide gas and methane  could be produced.

Fuel

Woodchips have been traditionally used as solid fuel for space heating or in energy plants to generate electric power from renewable energy. The main source of forest chips in Europe and in most of the countries have been logging residues. It is expected that the shares of stumps and roundwood will increase in the future.  in the EU, the estimates for biomass potential for energy, available under current 2018 conditions including sustainable use of the forest as well as providing wood to the traditional forest sectors, are: 277 million m3, for above ground biomass and 585 million m3 for total biomass.

The newer fuel systems for heating use either woodchips or wood pellets. The advantage of woodchips is cost, the advantage of wood pellets is the controlled fuel value. The use of woodchips in automated heating systems, is based on a robust technology.

The size of the woodchips, moisture content, and the raw material from which the chips are made are particularly important when burning wood chips in small plants. Unfortunately, there are not many standards to decide the fractions of woodchip. However, as of March 2018, The American National Standards Institute approved AD17225-4 Wood Chip Heating Fuel Quality Standard.  The full title of the standard is: ANSI/ASABE AD17225-4:2014 FEB2018 Solid Biofuels—Fuel Specifications and classes—Part 4: Graded wood chips.  One common chip category is the GF60 which is commonly used in smaller plants, including small industries, villas,  and apartment buildings. "GF60" is known as "Fine, dry, small chips". The requirements for GF60 are that the moisture is between 10 and 30% and the fractions of the woodchips are distributed as follows: 0–3.5mm: <8%, 3.5–30mm: <7%, 30–60 mm: 80–100%, 60–100 mm: <3%, 100–120 mm: <2%.

The energy content in one cubic metre is normally higher than in one cubic metre wood logs, but can vary greatly depending on moisture. The moisture is decided by the handling of the raw material. If the trees are taken down in the winter and left to dry for the summer (with teas in the bark and covered so rain can't reach to them), and is then chipped in the fall, the woodchips' moisture content will be approximately 20–25%. The energy content, then, is approximately 3.5–4.5kWh/kg (~150–250 kg/cubic metre).

Coal power plants have been converted to run on woodchips, which is fairly straightforward to do, since they both use an identical steam turbine heat engine, and the cost of woodchip fuel is comparable to coal.

Solid biomass is an attractive fuel for addressing the concerns of the energy crisis and climate change, since the fuel is affordable, widely available, close to carbon neutral and thus climate-neutral in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2), since in the ideal case only the carbon dioxide which was drawn in during the tree's growth and stored in the wood is released into the atmosphere again.

Waste and emissions
Compared to the solid waste disposal problems of coal and nuclear fuels, woodchip fuel's waste disposal problems are less grave; in a study from 2001 fly ash from woodchip combustion had 28.6 mg cadmium/kg dry matter. Compared to fly ash from burning of straw, cadmium was bound more heavily, with only small amounts of cadmium leached. It was speciated as a form of cadmium oxide, cadmium silicate (CdSiO3); authors noted that adding it to agricultural or forest soils in the long-term could cause a problem with accumulation of cadmium.

Like coal, wood combustion is a known source of mercury emissions, particularly in northern climates during winter. The mercury is both gaseous as elemental mercury (especially when wood pellets are burned) or mercury oxide, and solid PM2.5 particulate matter when untreated wood is used.

When wood burning is used for space heating, indoor emissions of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, which are suspected or known carcinogenic compounds, are elevated. The cancer risk from these after exposure to wood smoke is estimated to be low in developed countries.

Certain techniques for burning woodchips result in the production of biochar – effectively charcoal – which can be either utilised as charcoal, or returned to the soil, since wood ash can be used as a mineral-rich plant fertilizer. The latter method can result in an effectively carbon-negative system, as well as acting as a very effective soil conditioner, enhancing water and nutrient retention in poor soils.

Automated handling of solid fuel
Unlike the smooth, uniform shape of manufactured wood pellets, woodchip sizes vary and are often mixed with twigs and sawdust. This mixture has a higher probability of jamming in small feed mechanisms. Thus, sooner or later, one or more jams is likely to occur. This reduces the reliability of the system, as well as increasing maintenance costs. Despite what some pellet stove manufacturers may say, researchers who are experienced with woodchips, say they are not compatible with the 2 inch (5 cm) auger used in pellet stoves.

Comparison to other fuels
Woodchips are similar to wood pellets, in that the movement and handling is more amenable to automation than cord wood, particularly for smaller systems. Woodchips are less expensive to produce than wood pellets, which must be processed in specialized facilities. While avoiding the costs associated with refinement, the lower density and higher moisture content of woodchips reduces their calorific value, substantially increasing the feedstock needed to generate an equivalent amount of heat. Greater physical volume requirements also increase the expense and emissions impact of trucking, storing and/or shipping the wood.

Woodchips are less expensive than cord wood, because the harvesting is faster and more highly automated. Woodchips are of greater supply, partly because all parts of a tree can be chipped, whereas small limbs and branches can require substantial labor to convert to cord wood. Cord wood generally needs to be "seasoned" or "dry" before it can be burned cleanly and efficiently. On the other hand, woodchip systems are typically designed to cleanly and efficiently burn "green chips" with very high moisture content of 43–47% (wet basis).  (see gasification and woodgas)

Environmental aspects
Compared to conventional timber harvesting, woodchip harvesting has a greater impact on the environment, since a larger proportion of biomass is removed. Increased use of woodchips can have negative effects on the stability and long-term growth of the forests in which they're removed from. For instance, chipping of trees from forests has been shown to increase the removal of plant nutrients and organic matter from an ecosystem, thereby reducing both the nutrients and humus content of the soil. One option to balance the negative effects of woodchip harvesting is to return the woodchip ash to the forest which would restore some of the lost nutrients back into the soil.

If woodchips are harvested as a by-product of sustainable forestry practices, then this is considered a source of renewable energy.

Theoretically, whole-tree chip harvesting does not have as high a solar energy efficiency compared to short rotation coppice; however, it can be an energy-efficient and low-cost method of harvesting.

Waste processing
Woodchips and bark chips can be used as bulking agents in industrial composting of municipal biodegradable waste, particularly biosolids.

Forest fire prevention
Woodchip harvesting can be used in concert with creating man-made firebreaks, which are used as barriers to the spread of wildfire. Undergrowth coppice is ideal for chipping, and larger trees may be left in place to shade the forest floor and reduce the rate of fuel accumulation.

Market products, supply and demand

United States
Woodchip costs usually depend on such factors as the distance from the point of delivery, the type of material (such as bark, sawmill residue or whole-tree chips), demand by other markets and how the wood fuel is transported. Chips delivered directly to the (powerplant) station by truck are less expensive than those delivered ... and shipped by railcar. The range of prices is typically between US$18 to US$30 per (wet)-ton delivered.

In 2006, prices were US$15 and US$30 per wet-ton in the northeast.

In the 20 years leading up to 2008, prices have fluctuated between US$60–70/oven-dry metric ton (odmt) in the southern states, and between US$60/odmt and US$160/odmt in the Northwest.

Canada
Wood chips have been used as a source of single-dwelling heating in Canada since the early days of settling but the development of oil and natural gas has dramatically decreased its usage. Most of the wood chip usage is by installations such as schools, hospitals and prisons.  Prince Edward Island (PEI) has the most wood-chip plants due to high electricity rates and subsidies from the federal government. Nova Scotia has a 2.5 MW wood chip burning system that provides power to a textile factory as well as systems that provide power to a poultry processing plant, two hospitals and an agricultural college.

The University of New Brunswick operates a wood chip burning furnace system to supply heat to the university, several industrial buildings, an apartment complex and a hospital. Usage of wood chips for heat is low in Quebec due to low hydroelectricity rates but a small town is using wood chips as an alternative to road salt for icy roads. EMC3 Technologies started producing wood chips coated with magnesium chloride in November 2017 for the town and has claimed it maintains traction in -30 degrees Celsius compared to regular road salt at -15 degrees Celsius. In Ontario, wood chip operations include a college in Brockville, a few secondary schools in Northern Ontario as well as a chip-fired boiler at the National Forestry Institute in Petawawa. In the late 1980s, the Ontario provincial government in conjunction with the federal government subsidized building three co-generation plants next to sawmills. The first one was constructed in 1987 in Chapleau followed by a plant built in Cochrane in 1989 and the largest one in Kirkland Lake which was built in 1991.

Europe

In several well wooded European countries (e.g. Austria, Finland, Germany, Sweden) woodchips are becoming an alternative fuel for family homes and larger buildings due to the abundant availability of woodchips, which result in low fuel costs. The European Union is promoting woodchips for energy production in the EU Forest action plan 2007–2011. The total long term potential of woodchips in the EU is estimated to be 913 million m3.

Japan
Woodchips are used in Japan for the paper manufacturing industry. Large supplies of softwood chips are imported from countries such as the United States and Australia for this purpose.

See also
 Barkdust
 Renewable heat
 Woodchipping in Australia

References

External links

 Commercial Heating Installations
 Vermont Heat Research – An Experimental (inverted downdraft) Woodchip Furnace

Sustainable products
Soil improvers
Biomass
Wood fuel
Wood products


Hyds is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Isle-et-Bardais () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Isserpent () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Jaligny-sur-Besbre (, literally Jaligny on Besbre) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Bratian  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto Lubawskie, within Nowe Miasto County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately  north of Nowe Miasto Lubawskie and  south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Near the village is National Road 15. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Toruń Voivodeship.

References

Bratian


Jenzat () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

Neighboring Communities

There are six neighboring townships surrounding Jenzat:

 Charroux
 Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort
 Mazerier
 Saulzet
 Le Mayet-d'Ecole
 Saint-Germain-de-Salles

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Laféline (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lalizolle (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lamaids () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Langy () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


KDLB (94.5 FM, "Bob 95 FM") is a simulcast broadcasting a country music format as a simulcast of 95.1 KBVB in Fargo, North Dakota (licensed to Barnesville, Minnesota). KDLB is licensed to Frazee, Minnesota, United States, it serves the Detroit Lakes area.  KDLB is owned by James and Brooke Ingstad.

History
The station first signed on in 1993 as KSKK on 94.7, owned by the De La Hunt family. Branding itself as "The Arrow", it aired an Adult Contemporary format the entire time it was on 94.7.

In 2014, it was announced the De La Hunts had sold the station to Fargo radio owner Jim Ingstad, pending a Community of License change to Frazee, MN and change of frequency to 94.5. This would allow its tower facilities to reside in nearby Detroit Lakes, MN. On May 29, 2015, Radio FM Media announced that KSKK, once moved to Detroit Lakes, would rebroadcast 95.1 KBVB, filling the void in signal coverage created when that station moved its transmitter from the KVRR mast in Tansem to Moorhead in 2009.

On June 26, 2015 at noon, KSKK 94.7 signed off for good from Wadena, simultaneous with the sale to Ingstad closing at a purchase price of $900,000. Less than a week later on July 2, the station signed on from Detroit Lakes on 94.5 with new call letters KDLB, carrying KBVB programming from Fargo (along with sister stations KLTA-FM and KPFX on HD2 and HD3, respectively).

References

External links

Radio stations in Minnesota
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1986
1986 establishments in Minnesota


Laprugne (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lavault-Sainte-Anne (; Auvergnat: La Vau de Senta Anna) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lenax is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


In France, sport-étude (English: Sports studies) sections are specialised state institutions combining traditional school studies with high level sport education.

To account for the weakness of sports education in the traditional French school curriculum, the French state put in place the specialised institutional network known as the sports-études. These institutions, which combine traditional academic studies with intensive sports training saw their beginnings in the 1960s after the disastrous results registered by France during the summer Olympics of 1960 and 1964. Both the collège cycle (junior high school) and the lycée cycles (senior high school) are concerned and the national network is completed with at least one second-level school per French department containing a sport-étude section.

The sports-études sections ensure the basic learning foundations, but these must be carried out in one of the specialised centres for a particular sport. Each sports federation in France who is attributed a high level label by both the minister for sports and the national commission of that sport, has several of these centres or poles. The National Institute of Sport and Physical Education (Institut national du sport et de l'éducation physique), INSEP, houses several of these poles. In certain, more structured sports, such as soccer, the specialised training is undertaken by a soccer training centre integrated within professional sports clubs.

See also
Sport in France

References

Sport schools in France
Educational institutions in France
Education International


Lételon () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Liernolles () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Limoise () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Loddes () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Loriges () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Louchy-Montfand (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Louroux-Bourbonnais () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Louroux-de-Beaune (, literally Louroux of Beaune; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Louroux-de-Bouble (, literally Louroux of Bouble; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
The river Bouble flows northeast through the western part of the commune and forms part of its northern border.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Louroux-Hodement is a former commune in the Allier department in central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Haut-Bocage.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Former communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Luneau () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lusigny () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
Lusigny is a town located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in the department of Allier. Lusigny is located in the canton of Dompierre-sur-Besbre. It is located  from the town of Moulins. Its inhabitants are known as the Lusignois in French.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Marcillat-en-Combraille (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Auvergne
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Mariol () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

Administration

List of mayors
 unknown–March 2001: François Dassaud
 March 2001–March 2014: Nicole Eymard
 March 2014–January 2020: Gérard Marsoni
 January 2020 – present: Romain Dejean

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References
 Site of the town hall (in French)

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Mayet-d'École () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Mayet-de-Montagne (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Geography
Le Mayet-de-Montagne is situated 16.6 miles south of Vichy in the north part of the Massif Central. It is situated at an altitude of around 1,800 feet.

History
In 1334, le Mayet de Montagne belonged to Auvergne. The counts of Auvergne considered Le Mayet to be of great strategic value, and they held onto the town until 1589, when Henri IV decided to alter the borders of Bourbonnais to include Le Mayet.

Le Mayet became the chef-lieu of its eponymous canton in 1790.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Bourbonnais
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Mazerier () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Mazirat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Meaulne () is a former commune in the Allier department in central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Meaulne-Vitray.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Former communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2017


Meillard () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Meillers () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Mesples is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Molinet () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Molles (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Monétay-sur-Allier (, literally Monétay on Allier) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Monétay-sur-Loire (, literally Monétay on Loire) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References
 INSEE commune file (in French)

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montaiguët-en-Forez (, literally Montaiguët in Forez) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montaigu-le-Blin () is a commune in the Allier department in central France. It was first mentioned in the 10th century as Mons Acutus.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montbeugny () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montcombroux-les-Mines () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Allier department

References
 Official website

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Monteignet-sur-l'Andelot () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montilly () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montoldre () is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Izzue is a fashion brand, pronounced as "Issue".  It is a part of the Hong Kong fashion conglomerate I.T. Stores are scattered across Asia including Hong Kong, People's Republic of China, Thailand, Malaysia, Macau, Republic of China, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. Its clothes features casual urban and desaturated style. Promotional material uses the brand's website as the company logo. The clothing is "Asian-fit", slimmer than American and European brands.

Controversy
Izzue was embroiled in controversy when it used Nazi Germany themes on its clothes and decor, including swastikas, banners, and propaganda films, as part of its decor during its 2003 season. Marketing manager Deborah Cheng apologized and issued a statement saying "that the designer did not realize that the Nazi symbols would be considered offensive."

References

External links

 Company Website
 Anti Defamation League: ADL Outraged by Hong Kong Fashion Company's Use of Nazi Symbols

Clothing brands of Hong Kong
Clothing companies of Hong Kong
Companies with year of establishment missing
Clothing retailers of Hong Kong


Montord (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Montvicq (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

INSEE commune file

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Nassigny (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Néris-les-Bains (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in the Auvergne region in central France.

Etymology
The name Néris comes from the Gaul God Nérios, a deity personifying the local thermal spring (Latinized to "Nerius").

Geography
8 kilometers southeast of Montluçon, the town is on departmental road 2144, which links Clermont-Ferrand to Bourges via Montluçon, and follows the trail of the ancient Roman way.

The town is at 352 meters of altitude, on the first foothills of the Massif central, more precisely the plateau of the Combrailles.

History

The Gaul era: Nériomagos
At that time, Néris was called Nériomagos (the town of Nérios, the deity personifying the thermal spring). It was a village with a booming trade, at the crossroads of two major ways.

The Roman colonisation: Aquae Nerii
"Nérios" was Latinized into "Nérius", and "Nériomagos" became "Aquae Nerii" ("Nérius' waters"). The spring was used for therapeutic purposes and two luxurious thermal baths were created. Numerous monuments were built, including temples and  villas. The 8th legion Augusta stationed there at the end of the 1st century. A circle theater (amphitheater) was built to offer circus games and stage performances to the soldiers and inhabitants. Many relics remain from that golden age.

Germanic invasions and Merovingian era
Around 275 C.E., the Germanic invasions destroyed a part of the town and the population fled, leaving behind monetary treasures.

In the 4th century, the thermal baths and the houses were partly rearranged and occupied again.

A new wave of invasions destroyed the town again, and the ruins were then used as a gravel-pit by the Merovingian population. Stone blocks belonging to the public buildings were thus used for the sarcophaguses now located under the glass pyramid on the church square.

Evangelism and Carolingian era
Saint Patrocle evangelized Néris in the 6th century and built a church and a convent there. The current romanesque church dates back to the 11th or 12th century and was built in the same place as the original 6th-century basilica, which was erected upon the ruins of a Roman building.

The Carolingian king Pépin the First of Aquitaine, Charlemagne's grandson, stayed in Néris in 835 and 838.

The 16th century
Néris' thermal baths' fame increased. Rabelais mentioned them in Pantagruel (which is why Néris' middle school is called Collège François Rabelais), and Nicolas de Nicolay, King Charles the Ninth of France' geographer, cited the "Baings de Nérys" in 1569 (modern orthograph: Bains de Néris = Baths of Néris).

The 19th century
Néris' new golden age began when the Dauphine, Duchess of Angoulême, lay the foundation stone of the new thermal resort. The hotels, the casino and the theater were built.

Among the famous people who followed a thermal course of treatment in Néri were Chateaubriand, Musset, Lamartine and the empress Eugénie.

At that time, archaeological excavations began to discover the Roman Aquae Nerii's infrastructure.

Society life was in full swing, and grand parties were organized.

The 20th century
Néris became a "hospital town" during the first World War, where injured soldiers were taken care of.

By the end of the war, the thermal baths were prosperous again. In 1930, the railroad line between Néris and Montluçon entered service, as did the train station in Néris, with its pink sandstone and its multicolored roof, designed by Louis Brachet. The bourgeoisie and the politic class used the thermal baths, including the Poincaré family, and Léon Blum.

The second World War and the social progress that preceded it (Social Security and paid vacation) gave the town a new look and a new clientele.

The thermal baths were modernized and the town equipped itself with golf, an archaeological museum and a swimming pool. Néris started opening up to health tourism and emphasizing its heritage.

Population
The inhabitants of Néris-les-Bains are called Nérisiens. The 18th-century French economist Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve (1703–1781) died in Néris-les-Bains.

Sights
The Saint Georges Church (11th and 12th centuries)
The Merovingian necropolis
The City Hall (19th century)
The former train station, by architect Louis Brachet
Saint Joseph's Chapel (19th century)
The spa and theater

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

External links
Route des Villes d'Eaux du Massif Central

Communes of Allier
Bituriges Cubi
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Upton–Avenue Market station (formerly known simply as Upton station) is an underground Metro SubwayLink station in West Baltimore, Maryland located near the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and Laurens Street. The station takes its name from the surrounding Upton neighborhood and the nearby Avenue Market at 1700 Pennsylvania Avenue. It is the ninth most northern and western station on the line.

Station layout

History

Upton–Avenue Market station was referred to as the Laurens Street station during its planning and construction, in reference to the street which intersects Pennsylvania Avenue nearby.

Excavation and construction

The Laurens Street section of tunnels at Upton–Avenue Market station were constructed in a cut-and-cover operation through deeply weathered residual rock from a parent granitic gneiss material. Extensive exploration and mapping of the subsurface conditions was conducted prior to excavation and construction in order to obtain a detailed understanding of the heterogeneous mixture of soft and hard residual material at the site. This profile informed the support and mining procedures implemented for the project. Classification of the residual materials informed the tunnel design, which was supported by liner plates, steel ribs, posts, wall plates, and invert struts; the final lining was made from reinforced, cast in-place concrete. The presence of hard, dense rock-like fragments among the residual material necessitated some blasting methods in addition to conventional earth excavation methods.

References

External links
Laurens Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

Metro SubwayLink stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1983
1983 establishments in Maryland
Railway stations in Baltimore
Railway stations located underground in Maryland


Neuilly-en-Donjon () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Trish Best, known by her stage name Feloni, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Her coming out as lesbian was featured on MTV's LOGO documentary show Coming Out Stories.

Honors
 Winner of Broadjam's February 2007 Rap Lyric Contest
 Nominated for Best Rapper of 2007 by the Los Angeles Music Awards

Discography
 A Woman's Revenge (2007) Feloni's Debut Album.
 Girl Thing feat Feloni (2008) Collaboration with Lori Michaels on Album Living My Life Out Loud.
 I Ain't Scared of U (2010) I Ain't Scared of U Single.
 Ode to D.B. feat Riot Baby(2017) Ode to D.B. Single.
 Blame It on Nothin'(Remastered) (2019) Single.
 Pussi Can (Short Version) (2019)

References

External links

 Feloni on LogoTV
 Out Artists on the Rise, Interview with Feloni, GO Magazine, 2008

Living people
American women rappers
African-American rappers
Rappers from Detroit
Midwest hip hop musicians
African-American women singer-songwriters
LGBT rappers
Lesbian singers
Lesbian songwriters
American lesbian musicians
African-American LGBT people
American LGBT singers
American LGBT songwriters
LGBT people from Michigan
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American women musicians
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American musicians
Singer-songwriters from Michigan
21st-century women rappers
American lesbian writers


Neure () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Neuilly-le-Réal () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

Culture and Heritage
 Logis of Henri IV, 16th century.
 Lazarist Farmer General's House, 18th century.
 Church Saint-Julien de Brioude.
 Castle of Frêne (or Fresne), 17th and 19th centuries; Monument Historique since 1 October 2021.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Nizerolles () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Noyant-d'Allier () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France. The writer Jeanne Cressanges (born in 1929) is a native from Noyant-d'Allier. This is the first neighbourhood in France where many Vietnamese people officially settle down. Most of Vietnamese people there were born in France of full or partially Vietnamese descent.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Paray-le-Frésil () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Paray-sous-Briailles (; ) is a commune with 693 residents (as of January 1, 2017) in the French department of Allier in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region; before 2016, it belonged to the Auvergne region. Paray-sous-Briailles is located in the arrondissement (eng. administrative region) of Moulins and the canton of Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule. Its residents are called Parodiens.

Geography
Paray-sous-Briailles lies about 35 kilometers south-southeast of Moulins and 23 kilometers north-northwest of Vichy on the Allier river, which borders the municipality from the east. Paray-sous-Briailles is bordered by the municipalities of Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule to the north and west, Varennes-sur-Allier to the north and east, Créchy to the southeast, Marcenat to the south, as well as Loriges to the south and southwest.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

Places of interest

 Church of Saint-Julien from the 12th century
 Castle
 Tower of Villemouze

Literature
Le Patrimoine des Communes de l'Allier. Volume 2. Flohic Editions, Paris 1999, , p. 958-959.

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Petite-Marche (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Pierrefitte-sur-Loire (, literally Pierrefitte on Loire) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Poëzat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Pouzy-Mésangy () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Prémilhat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France. It is around 5 km south-west of Montluçon.

Population

International relations
Prémilhat is twinned with the Irish town of Templemore.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Quinssaines (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Location
Located in the west part of Allier department, Quinssaines is also close to the Creuse department.

Adjacent Communes: Huriel, Domérat, Prémilhat, Teillet-Argenty, Viersat, Lamaids, Saint-Martinien

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Rongères (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

Gallery

See also
 Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ronnet () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Aubin-le-Monial () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Saint-Bonnet-de-Four (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

Sights
Church of Saint Bonnet, with its bent steeple and ornate doors.

The original church dates from the 11th century and is a designated historic monument. In the 14th century, a Gothic chapel was added on the right of the transept.

The steeple was struck by lightning in 1894 and rebuilt from green wood that subsequently warped and became a local curiosity. In 1978, when the church was restored, the requirement that it be rebuilt exactly like the original meant that the 1/8 turn in the steeple had to be maintained.

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References
INSEE commune file (in French)

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort (; Auvergnat: Sant Bonet de Ròchafòrt) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Geography
Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort is located in the south of the Allier department,  of Gannat,  of Vicq by departmental road 37;  of Ébreuil and Charroux by D35.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Bonnet-Tronçais () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France, within the borders of the national Forest of Tronçais.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Désiré (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

External links
Postcards from the 19th century

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Didier-en-Donjon () is a commune located in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (central France).

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Didier-la-Forêt () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Éloy-d'Allier () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Ennemond () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. The village is located on the border of the Nièvre department, bordered by the villages Lucenay-lès-Aix and Dornes. The town is named after Saint Ennemond, bishop of Lyon in the 6th century.  During the revolutionary period(1792-1795), the town took the name of Labron. The mayor is Jean-Claude Lefebvre.

The coat of arms of the municipality is a Coupé au 1) Vert with the Golden Boar, 2nd) party Gules a chevron and silver bell mouths.

Population

See also

Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sainte-Thérence (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Étienne-de-Vicq (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Fargeol () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Gérand-de-Vaux () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Germain-de-Salles () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Germain-des-Fossés (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. Saint-Germain-des-Fossés station has rail connections to Lyon, Nevers and Clermont-Ferrand.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


This article is a list of United States Air Force aeromedical evacuation squadrons both active, inactive, and historical. An aeromedical evacuation squadron's purpose is to evacuate wounded military personnel and civilians from areas of danger to medical facilities with the use of military transport aircraft.

List

See also
 List of United States Air Force squadrons

References

Aeromedical evacuation
Aeromedical evacuation squadrons of the United States Air Force


Saint-Léger-sur-Vouzance () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Zeta argillaceum is one of the most common species of potter wasp in South America. It is found throughout the continent and as far north as Mexico and the southern United States (where it is thought to have been accidentally introduced).

This wasp adapts easily to habitat change and the nests are a common sight, often in small groups, attached to the walls of buildings in urban areas. The nest cell is roughly spherical, up to 18 mm in diameter, with a single small entrance hole. A single egg is laid in each cell: the adult wasp stocks the cell with paralyzed living food (usually geometrid moth larvae) for the emerging wasp larva to feed on. The nest is only used once by Z. argillaceum but is often reused by other potter wasps such as Pachodynerus spp.

Z. argillaceum is often affected by parasitoids such as the eulophid Melittobia australica.

References

Nesting biology of Zeta argillaceum

Potter wasps
Insects described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Saint-Léopardin-d'Augy () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

History
The commune is a result of the fusion of two previous towns (each from a parish of the Old Regime), St. Léopardin and Augy, by order of King Louis Philippe on 18 June 1843. During the French Revolution, the commune was called Vivier.

The name of St. Léopardin comes from that of a hermit, saint Léopardin, whose life seems just as legendary as that of St. Menoux. The priory of St. Léopardin is built where the hermit had lived.

Geography
The town is bordered by two rivers: the Allier, in the northeast and north, which forms its boundary with Chantenay-Saint-Imbert and Livry, and Burge, in the east, tributary of the Allier, which forms most of its border with the town of Aubigny.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Marcel-en-Marcillat (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Marcel-en-Murat is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Martin-des-Lais () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Martinien () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Menoux () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Saint-Nicolas-des-Biefs is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


"May This Be Love" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix for the Jimi Hendrix Experience debut album Are You Experienced (1967).  It is a soft ballad that demonstrates Hendrix's ability to write thoughtful lyrics and subtle melodies.

Background and recording
Are You Experienced and its preceding singles were recorded over a five-month period from late October 1966 through early April 1967. The album was completed in sixteen recording sessions at three London locations, including De Lane Lea Studios, CBS, and Olympic. The group's manager Chas Chandler booked many of the sessions at Olympic because the facility was acoustically superior and equipped with most of the latest technology, though it was still using four-track recorders, whereas American studios were using eight-track.

On April 3, 1967, the Experience returned to Olympic, adding overdubs and completing final mixes on several unfinished masters. During the eight-hour session, the band recorded three new songs, including "Highway Chile", "May This Be Love", and "Are You Experienced?".

Composition and lyrics
"May This Be Love" is a soft ballad that demonstrates Hendrix's ability to write thoughtful lyrics and subtle melodies. Author and musicologist Keith Shadwick wrote: "This is a melodic, romantic composition that borders on the sentimental". Author David Stubbs described the song as "far and away the prettiest track on" the album, and an example of Hendrix's versatility as a guitarist. According to musicologist Dave Whitehill, the song is characteristic of Hendrix's "gentler side", utilizing the E and A major pentatonic scales to create a "pastorale setting befitting the lyrical content". Whitehill described the guitar solo as "one of Jimi's most lyrical and lovely".

Releases and critical reception
"May This Be Love" was first released on both the UK and US editions of Are You Experienced (May 12, and August 23, 1967, respectively). An alternate version was recorded during the same session in which Hendrix doubled his vocal and the guitars were mixed differently. In 2010, it was included on the West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology box set.

In a song review for AllMusic, Thomas Ward called the original recording "one of the most musically sophisticated tracks on Are You Experienced?". He praises Hendrix's vocal, lyrics, and guitar work and concludes "'May This Be Love' is essentially a beautiful love song, one of the finest love songs in Hendrix’s canon. The guitar solo at the song’s conclusion is outstanding."

Notes
Citations

References

Documentaries

The Jimi Hendrix Experience songs
Songs written by Jimi Hendrix
1967 songs
Song recordings produced by Chas Chandler


Saint-Pierre-Laval () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Plaisir () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Bourbonnais


Saint-Pont (; ) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. The poet Alain Borne (1915–1962), winner of the 1954 Prix Antonin-Artaud was born in Saint-Pont.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Pourçain-sur-Besbre (, literally Saint-Pourçain on Besbre) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Le Pal is an animal theme park in the municipality area of Saint-Pourçain-sur-Besbre.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Priest-d'Andelot () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Priest-en-Murat () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Rémy-en-Rollat is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Sauvier () is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Allier department

References

Communes of Allier
Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia