A constitutional referendum was held in Myanmar on 10 May 2008 (24 May 2008 in some townships) according to an announcement by the State Peace and Development Council in February 2008. According to the military government, the new Constitution of Myanmar will ensure the creation of a "discipline-flourishing democracy". Multi-party elections followed in 2010.

The constitutional referendum law was enacted and a referendum commission was set up on 26 February 2008. Reportedly, the law ensures the secret casting of votes and requires a public count of the ballots to prove it is fair.

The draft constitution was published and the date of the referendum finally announced on 9 April 2008.   Among the changes that the referendum sought to make are:
 One quarter of all parliamentary seats would be reserved for military officers.
 The Ministry of Home Affairs would fall exclusively under military control.
 Anyone married to a person who was not a citizen of Myanmar would be barred from running for the office of president.  Many international media reports suggest that this provision would have the effect of making opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi ineligible for the presidency, although her British husband died in 1999.

Campaign
Three weeks before the referendum, the front page of the state press was headlined "Let's Vote Yes for National Interest." Many songs, poems, cartoons and editorials urging people to vote "yes" were published in local and national news media.

The opposition National League for Democracy called for people to vote "no" to the constitution. However, the N.L.D. claimed their campaign against the constitution was violently suppressed, with activists arrested and material confiscated.

The Kachin Independence Organisation, an opposition group which participated in the government's "National Convention" process, called on its members to abstain, saying the government had failed to respond to its demands.

Criticism
Cyclone Nargis hit Myanmar a few days before the referendum, and the vote was postponed to 24 May in the most severely affected areas — 7 out of 26 townships in Irrawaddy Division and 40 out of 45 townships in Yangon Division. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called for the referendum to be postponed in full to concentrate on the "national tragedy," but the government rejected this. The Junta came under heavy criticism for diverting critical resources from survivors toward the referendum, including evicting refugees from shelters such as schools so that these can be used as polling stations. Massive fraud and intimidation was also reported.

On 6 May 2008, the United States Congress passed a condemnation of the Myanmar constitution and referendum, by a 413–1 vote (the "no" vote cast by Ron Paul).

Voting
There were many allegations of electoral fraud on the day of the election, including:
 A village visited by officials in advance of the referendum where 185 people were forced to vote "yes" with absentee ballots
 Officials giving out ballot papers already filled in with a tick
 Voters ordered to complete votes for their relatives
 Government officials sitting close to the ballot boxes and telling voters how to vote
 Voters bribed to vote "yes"
 Officials closing polling stations at 11:00 a.m. and then going to the houses of people who hadn't voted and making them vote then

Opposition groups, including the All Burma Monks' Alliance, the 88 Generation Students Group and the All Burma Federation of Student Unions, described the referendum as a sham.

Voting dates

10 May 2008

After the first day of the referendum, the Democratic Promotion Organ of Burma and the Democratic Voice of Burma complained about election fraud. They claimed that, according to witness reports, it was impossible to vote "no" because voters were issued voting ballots that had already been marked "support" and were sent to prison if they refused the pre-marked ballot. It was also reported that there were two separate ballot boxes which were monitored by officials who could see how people voted, which this might have intimidated voters or allowed for later recriminations. Furthermore, as with many referendums relating to procedural matters, there was concern that many people did not understand the details of what they were voting for, and that this might have affected the vote. The Myanma Junta stated that the referendum would easily be supported.

Results
The day after the election, local media cited informal reports of referendum results as follows:
 Seven constituencies in Myingyan Township, Mandalay Division: 67% Yes
 Meikhtila Township, Mandalay Division: 67% Yes
 Five townships in Kachin State: 62% Yes
 Two townships in Shan State: 67% No
 Yenanchaung Township, Magwe Division: 53% Yes

Final results were not expected before the end of May; they were announced on 30 May 2008.

On 15 May 2008, the junta announced that the constitution had been approved by 92.4% of voters, claiming a 99% turnout in the two-thirds of the region that had held the vote.

References

Constitutional referendum
2008 referendums
2008
Constitutional referendums


County routes in Niagara County are not signed, and there is no apparent numbering pattern. Most of the county routes act as primary roads in the less developed areas and also serve to interconnect the various villages and hamlets of Niagara County. Niagara County maintains few county routes, including only the most important connecting thoroughfares, and those are maintained by the Niagara County highway department. Most of the roads in the County, including many of the local through highways, are maintained by the towns.

Routes 1–50

Routes 50–100

Routes 100–150

Routes 902–907

There are four county highways with designations above 900 in the county road system. None of these designations are signed as Niagara County does not sign their highways, and thus are better known by their accompanying road name. The locations of the four routes are scattered across the county.

Three of the four routes—CR 902 (Lower Mountain Road in the town of Cambria), CR 903 (Hinman Road in the town of Lockport), and CR 905 (Griswold Road in the town of Royalton)—do not overlap other routes. The fourth, CR 907, is a designation for a  long county-maintained portion of NY 18F alongside the Niagara River. All four highways were assigned by 1996 and are marked on New York State Department of Transportation digital raster quadrangles.

CR 907 is the highest three-digit county route in terms of designation in the state of New York. Overall, it is the second-highest numbered county route in the state; only CR 1345 in the Saratoga County town of Mechanicville has a higher designation.

See also

County routes in New York
Highways in Niagara County, New York

References

External links
Niagara County Highways - Empire State Roads.com


Most Toronto Transit Commission personnel are members of the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113. Total membership (2016) is approximately 10000 members (drivers, ticket collectors and maintenance workers). The ATU has represented Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) workers since 1899; workers of predecessor operators have been represented by the ATU's predecessor, the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America.  The president of ATU Local 113 was Bob Kinnear from 2003 to February 2017, Carlos Santos from January 2019 to December 2021 and Marvin Alfred since December 2021.

Another 500 workers (signal, electrical and communications workers) are represented by Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) Local 2.

Staff positions

Other than drivers and supervisors, the TTC also employs support staff to keep the system running:
 maintenance employees to clean vehicles, stations, and other TTC property
 clearing TTC roadways during winter months
 engineers and support staff
 mechanics that maintain all the commission vehicles
 blacksmiths to make special parts, notably for the streetcar fleet

Union history
Unionized transit workers (Toronto Railway Company from 1899 to 1921, then the TTC after 1921) in Toronto began with:
 Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America in 1892
 Division 30 of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Railway Employees of America in 1893
 Division 113 Chartered – Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America in 1899
 Amalgamated Association of Street and Railway Employees of America in 1903
 Amalgamated Transit Union in 1964
 Local 113 of the Amalgamated Association of Street, Electric Railway and Motor Coach Employees of America in 1952

Memorial
TTC employees who have lost their lives in the line of duty:

 Reynold Achong – maintenance worker (electrician) hit by train while working on tracks at Summerhill station, June 1, 1982
 Jimmy Trajceski – ticket collector stabbed to death at Victoria Park station, 1995
 Tony Almeida – maintenance worker hit by unsecured scaffolding while removing asbestos from a tunnel south of Lawrence station, April 23, 2007
Peter Pavlovski – maintenance worker struck by work car while working at track level north of Yorkdale Station, September 14, 2012
 Tom Dedes – maintenance track worker struck by work car and pinned into TTC pickup truck while off-loading equipment at McCowan Yard, October 1, 2017

2012 budget process
In an effort to cut 10% out of its 2012 operating budget – a request made by the Rob Ford administration to all City departments – the TTC announced that it would have to roll back service on most routes to loading and service standards from 2008. On September 19, 2011, the TTC announced that 250 non-union jobs would be eliminated. The cuts to the non-union positions will consist of both layoffs and "voluntary separation packages". It was also announced that 232 unionized "frontline" (operators and collectors) positions would be eliminated through attrition. It was also revealed that a further 500–600 unionized jobs could be eliminated next year by contracting out various positions in clerical and maintenance related departments.

Labour disputes
Strikes and labour disputes have affected TTC service on various occasions:

 1952: Strike shuts down TTC service for 19 days
 1970: Strike, 12 days
 1974: Strike, 23 days
 1978: Strike, 8 days
 1989: Labour disruption, 41 days.  (While not an actual strike, service was significantly disrupted.)
 1991: Strike, 8 days
 April 19, 1999: Strike, 2 days.
 May 29, 2006: Labour dispute, 1 day.
 April 26, 2008: Strike, under 2 days.

Uniforms

Since September 2014 new uniforms are being phased in to replace current stock, but some elements will remain until new designs are selected or acquired.

For Operators/Collectors:

 light blue shirt with TTC crest (long and short sleeves)
 grey shorts or slacks
 windbreakers – red/white trim with TTC logo on shoulder and back (new) or maroon with white trim and logo on chest (old)
 winter parkas with grey accents (current) – an attempt to introduce blue jackets in place of the familiar maroon ones in the 1990s failed)
 dark navy blue blazers with TTC crest (current)
 dark navy blue sweaters and sweater vests (current)
 dark navy blue golf-style shirts with TTC crest (current)
 ball caps – red with black TTC word mark (new) or blue with white TTC word mark (old)
 dark navy blue toques with TTC lettering during the winter months (current)

For maintenance staff:

 dark blue or green coveralls with TTC crest (current)
 orange fluorescent jacket with a large yellow X with the "TTC" lettering on the back (current)

For senior staff/supervisors similar uniform as operators but peaked hats are worn instead of ball caps.

Prior to the current design, the uniform consisted of a light brown shirt and medium brown slacks and blazers.

Honour Guard

The TTC Honour Guard represents the TTC at city ceremonies and police funerals. Members wear caps, white shirts, blue blazers with Honour Guard crests and grey pants. The unit was formed in 1994 from TTC Operations supervisory ranks following the funeral for Toronto Police Constable Todd Baylis. The unit had 19 members as of 2001.

Special constables

The TTC Transit Enforcement Unit employs over 50 special constables which are the safety and security division of the transit system. Sworn in by the TTC along with the Toronto Police, York Regional Police and Peel Regional Police services,  they patrol properties, vehicles and the subway system throughout the entire area served by the TTC.  From 1997 until January 31, 2011, the officers were known as special constables. Between February 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, the special constables were replaced by bylaw enforcement officers known as "transit enforcement officers", who were primarily tasked with fare evasion enforcement, along with other upholding other statutes in TTC By-law # 1 and some federal and provincial statutes. The officers regained special constable status on January 1, 2014, under a new agreement reached by the TTC and the Toronto Police Service.

References

External links
 TTC official website

Personnel
Labour relations in Ontario


Eyedollartree is the second album by the rap duo Blood of Abraham.  It was released in 2000 via Atomic Pop and MasterGrip. The album was rereleased in 2005.

The album was accompanied by a DVD of a short film directed by the duo and Brian Beletic.

Production
The album was produced by Blood of Abraham, will.i.am, Motiv8, and Cyrus Melchor. Kool Keith, Divine Styler, and will.i.am made guest appearances on some of the tracks.

Critical reception
The A.V. Club called the album "superb," writing that it "surveys a bleak world riddled with disease, warped values, corruption, and constant surveillance, but not without a sturdy sense of humor and a winning pop-art playfulness." LA Weekly deemed it "a mixture of trippy, band-oriented backpack hip-hop with a few guitar-rock tunes thrown in, and at least three or four solid singles."

Track listing
"Know The Half"- 3:47
"Only The Wise"- 4:38
"99¢ Lighter" feat. will.i.am - 3:48
"Paranoia Is Awareness"- 3:59
"Velvet Glove, Iron Fist"- 4:50
"-Tion"- 4:37
"Calling All Citizens" feat. will.i.am - 4:49
"Hurricane"- 3:48
"Rosetta Stone"- 3:40
"Giant Midgets"- 4:14
"Eyedollartree"- 5:09
"Dangerous Diseases"- 5:13
"Omegaton" feat. Kool Keith, Divine Styler - 4:20

References

Blood of Abraham albums
2000 albums
Albums produced by will.i.am


Kasou Musou Shi (華想夢想紙; Flower Thought Dream Thought Paper) is a compilation EP from visual kei rock band alice nine. It was released on November 23, 2005. It includes seven tracks, six of which were previously released as singles. Two versions of the album were released on the same day, one regular edition and one special edition.

Track listing
Seija no Parade (聖者のパレード; Parade of the Saints) – 4:15
Gin no Tsuki Kuroi Hoshi (銀の月黒い星; Silver Moon Black Star) – 4:38
Yami ni chiru sakura (闇ニ散ル桜; Cherry Blossoms Scattered in the Darkness) – 4:12
Byakuya ni Kuro Neko(白夜ニ黒猫; Black Cat in the White Night) – 4:52
Yuri wa Aoku Saite (百合は蒼く咲いて; Lilies Bloom Palely) – 5:08
Kousai Stripe (光彩ストライプ; Stripe of Brilliance) – 4:53
Mugen no Hana (無限の花; Infinite Flowers) – 7:51

References

Alice Nine albums
2005 EPs


John Hull may refer to:

Politicians
John Hull (MP for Hythe) (died 1540 or after), MP for Hythe
John Hull (MP for Exeter) (died 1549), English MP for Exeter
John A. T. Hull (1841–1928), American politician
John C. Hull (politician) (1870–1947), Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives

Theologians and educators
John C. Hull (economist) (born 1946), professor of derivatives and risk management at the University of Toronto
John M. Hull (1935–2015), professor of religious education at the University of Birmingham
John H. E. Hull (1923–1977), theologian, Mansfield College, Oxford

Others
John Hull (merchant) (1624–1683), American colonial merchant and politician
John A. Hull (1874–1944), Judge Advocate General and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
John E. Hull (1895–1975), United States Army general
John Hull (physician) (1761–1843), physician and obstetrician

See also
John Hulle (disambiguation)


Indian Literature is an English language literary journal published bi-monthly by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. It was first launched in 1957, and is currently edited by British-Indian journalist Antara Dev Sen.

History
The Sahitya Akademi first launched Indian Literature in 1957 as an annual publication in English. In an editorial note published in the first issue, in October 1957, the editors noted that since the inception of the Sahitya Akademi in March 1954, there had been demands at every General Council meeting that a journal should be established to disseminate information about literary developments in India. The purpose of Indian Literature, therefore, was initially established as a platform to help Indian writers and readers to become better acquainted with new literary works, particularly in translating and making accessible works of Indian literature. The editorial note also recorded that Indian Literature would document the work of the Sahitya Akademi. At the time of its launch, an annual subscription to Indian Literature cost Rs. 2.5.

The first editorial board of the journal consisted of three members; S. Radhakrishnan, the first vice-president of India, politician and author, Humayun Kabir, and K.R. Kripalani, with the latter acting as the editor. From 1965 onwards, in addition to the editorial board, the journal had a designated editor, starting with Bengali author and translator, Lokenath Bhattacharya. The current editor of the journal is Antara Dev Sen. Previous editors include A. J. Thomas, K. Satchidanandan, and H.S. Shivaprakash.

Issues of Indian Literature did not initially contain editorials, although from 1973, Keshav Malik began his tenure as editor with a prefatory note to each issue, containing general reflections on the state of Indian literature. In 1974, S. Balu Rao took over as editor from Keshav Malik, and in an editorial note, redefined the scope of Indian Literature, focusing more on translations to and from Indian languages. Editorial notes from S. Balu Rao became a regular feature, introducing the contents of each issue, and all editors since have continued to introduce each issue with an editorial note.

From 1959 Indian Literature was published bi-annually, instead of just annually, and from 1966 onwards, it became a quarterly publication. From 1979 onwards, it has been published on a bi-monthly basis.

The journal completed its 50th year in 2007. On this occasion Sahitya Akademi awarded the Indian Literature Golden Jubilee Translation Awards to the following poets:-

Rana Nayar, for his translation of the verses of the Sikh saint Baba Farid from Punjabi.
Dr Tapan Kumar Pradhan, for English translations of his own Odia poem collection, Kalahandi
 Paromita Das, for English translation of Parvati Prasad Baruwa's poems in Assamese.

List of editors
Members of the editorial board of Indian Literature have included K.R. Kripalani, S. Radhakrishnan, Humayun Kabir, Zakir Hussain, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar, Prabhakar Machwe, R.S. Kelkar, Umashankar Joshi, V. K. Gokak, Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, Gangadhar Gadgil, Indra Nath Choudhuri, U. R. Ananthamurthy, Ramakanth Rath, Gopi Chand Narang, and Sunil Gangopadhyay. Apart from the editorial board, the journal has also had editors, listed below.

Contents and features
In addition to documenting the activities and publications of the Sahitya Akademi, Indian Literature also carries original works and translations of short fiction, poetry, plays, as well as literary criticism and reviews. In addition to Indian languages and literature, the journal periodically carries content about literature from other countries, as well as translations from foreign languages. From 1957 onwards, Indian Literature has featured a regular section titled, "A Review of Current Writing" which consisted of individual reports on new publications in multiple Indian languages. In 1965, this was renamed the "Annual Review of Indian Writing".

Sections such as "Bengali Literature" or "Urdu Literature" note new books, poetry, and reviews published in those languages. Frequent features also included similar sections documenting developments in other forms of literature, such as "Indian Drama and Stage Today", which contained a review of plays in Indian languages. Another regular feature is 'Authors on their Books', featuring commentary and notes by authors on recent publications, particularly those that won Sahitya Akademi Awards. From 1985, Indian Literature introduced an annual feature titled, 'Indian Literature in English': a bibliography of translations from Indian languages as well as critical works on Indian literatures, to be published in the first issue of each year.

From 1959 onwards, Indian Literature also began carrying reviews of books that had won Sahitya Akademi Awards in that year and occasionally also carried profiles of Sahitya Akademi Award winners. The Sahitya Akademi also uses the journal to publicize recent books published by the Akademi, which are often listed in the journal's front and back matter.

Indian Literature has also carried occasional special issues, dedicated to specific authors or themes, including an issue dedicated to Rabindranath Tagore in 1960, an issue dedicated to Shakespeare in India in 1964, an issue dedicated to Aurobindo in 1972; an issue dedicated to the Urdu short story in 1976; an issue dedicated to Oriya literature in 1979, etc.

Notable contributors
Indian Literature primarily publishes Indian writers, although it has published works of other writers from other countries, from time to time. The first issue of Indian Literature, for instance, featured an essay by Philip Young on American poetry in the twentieth century, as well as works by Čedomir Minderović and Seijiro Yoshizawa. Notable contributors include:

Rabindranath Tagore
 S. Radhakrishnan
K. M. Panikkar
R. K. Narayan
 Satyajit Ray
Umashankar Joshi
Khushwant Singh
 Mulk Raj Anand
Jawaharlal Nehru
Umashankar Joshi
Suniti Kumar Chatterji
V. K. Narayana Menon
 Jibananda Das
 Krishan Chander
 Balwant Gargi
 Zinda Kaul
 Rahul Sankrityayan
 U. R. Ananthamurthy
 Ruskin Bond
 K. Satchidanandan
 Suryakant Tripathi
 Vijay Tendulkar
 Firaq Gorakhpuri
 Bhisham Sahni
 Makarand Paranjape
 C. Rajagopalachari
 O. N. V. Kurup
 Sundara Ramaswamy
 Kartar Singh Duggal
 Harivansh Rai Bachchan
 Ashokamitran
 Premchand

 Yashpal
 Nissim Ezekiel
 Indira Parthasarthy
 Ashok Vajpeyi
 Premendra Mitra
 Subramania Bharathi
 Saratchandra Chatterjee
 Kedarnath Singh
 Gopinath Mohanty
 Sudhindranath Dutta
 Toru Dutt
 Sudama Panday
 Intizar Hussain
 Shamsur Rahman
 Saadat Hasan Manto
 Manoranjan Das
 Upendranath Ashk
 A.K. Ramanujan
 Agha Shahid Ali
Amrita Pritam
 Nayantara Sahgal
 Rajam Krishnan
 Qurratulain Hyder
 Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi
 Eunice De Souza
 Ranjit Hoskote
 Mahadevi Varma
 Mahasweta Devi
 Ashapurna Devi
 Indira Goswami
 Krishna Sobti

 Meena Alexander
 Pu La Deshpande
 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar
 Dattaram Maruti Mirasdar
 Anita Desai
 Indira Devi Chaudhurani
 Agyeya
 Nabakanta Barua
 Jhaverchand Meghani
 Aldous Huxley
 Boris Pasternak
 Halldór Laxness
 Per Hallström
 Sándor Petőfi
 Stanislas Ostroróg
 Victoria Ocampo
 H. D. F. Kitto
 Muriel Clara Bradbrook
 David Daiches
 Robert Rozhdestvensky
 Endre Ady
 Nichita Stănescu

References

External links

 Indian Literature on JSTOR
 Indian Literature – Sahitya Akademi

English-language magazines published in India
Poetry magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1957
Sahitya Akademi
Bi-monthly magazines published in India
1957 establishments in India
Biannual magazines published in India


Arthur Wakerley (May 15, 1862 – 4 April 1931) was a British architect, businessman and politician.

Life
Born in Melton Mowbray, he was articled to James Bird. He was a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and sometime President of the Leicester Society of Architects. He was President of the Leicester Liberal Association and in 1886 was elected as a councillor for Middle St Margaret's Ward and was Mayor of Leicester in 1897, the youngest mayor since the reforms of 1835. He used the role of mayor to support a wide range of charitable and religious works and attempted to position the role of mayor as a non-party political one. His year of office was marred by two local disasters – the railway accident at Wellingborough and the Whitwick Colliery explosion that claimed 35 lives. He twice (unsuccessfully) contested the Melton Division for a seat in Parliament. He stood as a Liberal candidate in 1895 and 1900.

Outside work and politics Arthur Wakerley was an enthusiastic Wesleyan lay preacher and ardent temperance worker as well as being interested in archaeology and poetry.

He planned the development of the North Evington area. Other examples of his architectural work in Leicester include the Turkey Cafe, Granby Street (1901), the Synagogue on Highfield Street, the Coronation Buildings, High Street (1901–03; formerly known as the Singer Building) and the Wycliffe Society Cottage Homes for the Blind.

Grade II Listed buildings by Arthur Wakerley
Below is a list of the fourteen buildings in Leicester by Arthur Wakerley that have been listed. All are Grade II, and most relate to the period 1880s to 1900s. Many more of his building survive without being listed, including factories, terraced housing, semi-detached and detached houses, and 'Crown Hill', a substantial brick mansion he built for himself on Gwendolen Road. The listed post-war houses are four example pairs of the design of council house Wakerley produced in the 1920s, selected because they remain closest to the original design and have their original sash windows. As well as Leicester, the design was widely adopted in Glasgow, Belfast and Welwyn Garden City.

|}

Notes to the table

References

External links
 The Wakerley Trail
 Page on Leicester City Council website

1862 births
Architects from Leicester
Mayors of places in Leicestershire
People from Melton Mowbray
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Burials at Welford Road Cemetery
1931 deaths


Nasti Muzik is the third studio album from American rapper
Khia. The album was released on July 22, 2008 on Thug Misses Entertainment/Big Cat Records. One of the feature producers on the album is DJ Craze, with Gucci Mane and Maceo being the featured guest artists on the album.

"What They Do" was the first single off the album but did not chart but had a successful underground and streets impact. The second single, "Be Your Lady", was produced by Tampa's Push-a-Key Productions.

Track listing

References

2008 albums
Khia albums
Big Cat Records (U.S. record label) albums


The second series of The Restaurant is a television series that aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two from 10 September to 29 October in 2008. Auditions took place in Manchester and London during March and April 2008. (The series aired in the United States on BBC America in early 2009 under the title "Last Restaurant Standing.")

Raymond Blanc keeps his role in the series, and nine couples once again compete for the chance to open their own restaurant backed by Blanc.

In July 2009 the winners, Russell Clement & Michele English, launched their own venture The Cheerful Soul in the Hare and Hounds in Marlow, Buckinghamshire (the site of the restaurant of the runners-up, Alasdair Hooper & James Knight-Pacheco). On 30 July 2010 Russell and Michele announced (on their blog) that they were leaving The Cheerful Soul.

In 2009, the BBC announced that Alasdair & James would feature in a spin-off series, provisionally titled Plate Expectations, in early 2010. The series, which finally aired under the title Out of the Frying Pan, follows them as they launch their own event catering business.

Contestants
The contestants that took part in the series were (in reverse order of elimination):
Russell Clement & Michele English – a couple from Essex ran The Cheerful Soul in Northwood, Middlesex. They already run a buffet business but aspire to open their own restaurant.
Alasdair Hooper & James Knight-Pacheco (2nd Place) – friends from Devon ran The Gallery, near Marlow, Buckinghamshire. Alasdair works for Pizza Express as a waiter and James is a former chef de partie at The Square and Gordon Ramsay at Claridge's. They both aim to open a Michelin-starred restaurant. In 2010 James was working as a tutor at the Ashburton Cookery School.
James is now married and living in Dubai working as a head chef. Alasdair is running the Dartmouth Ice-cream Company, Dartmouth, Devon. He lives with his fiancé Jessica Quick, who is an Occupational Therapist, and their baby daughter Isla.

Tim & Lindsie Selby (3rd Place) – a married couple from Kent ran True Provenance in Brentford. Tim is a TGI Friday's operations manager and line cook who rose through the ranks to manage nine restaurants while Lindsie is an HR manager. They want to run an ethically sourced restaurant.
Helen & Stephen Bryan (4th place) – a married couple from Cambridgeshire ran Nel's in Wendover, Buckinghamshire. Helen used to work in marketing but has some experience working in professional kitchens. Stephen is an ex-naval officer. They think they could be the new "Fanny and Johnnie".Following the series Steven has become a hotel manager. Helen is working in local government.
Peter Dong & Laura Scale (5th) – a couple from South Wales ran The Welsh Wok, in Haddenham, Buckinghamshire. Peter is a team manager with a blue chip company and Laura is a service manager who has always wanted to work in the hospitality industry.
Chris & Caroline Hanson (6th) – a married couple from South Yorkshire ran Ray White's in Weston-on-the-Green, Bicester, Oxfordshire. Chris has been a chef at a pub for the past nine years and Caroline is an extended schools worker. Their restaurant aims to celebrate the best of British food.Chris is now working the food festival circuit.
Harriet & Mike Ashworth (7th) – a father and daughter pairing from Surrey ran The Blue Goose in Oxford. Mike is owner and director of two recruitment businesses and Harriet is an event planner who has worked as a Crown Court Clerk.Harriet currently runs the kitchen at Public House
Scott Sheppard & Richard Hammond (8th) – a couple from Sussex ran Sorbet and Seasons in Surbiton. Scott trained as a chef 18 years ago, but is currently a manager in first and business class for an airline. Richard used to be an airline steward and is now the director of a soft drinks company.
Annette Cockburn & Kashelle Taylor (9th – Weren't given a restaurant) – a mother and daughter team from South Yorkshire planned on opening Caribbean Delights but were eliminated without being given a restaurant. Annette is a care worker and Kashelle is a freelance actress.

Episodes

Week One
In challenge: All couples
Challenge: Signature Dish – In 3 groups of three, create a signature dish that was either a starter, main or dessert for their restaurant.
Eliminated: Annette and Kashelle, for creating "Mango Whizz" – frozen Mango Pulp from a tin, putting little to no effort in to the challenge.

Week Two
Task: Pay What It Is Worth – The customers could pay what they wanted for their meals.
Restaurant of the week: Helen & Stephen
In challenge: Harriet & Mike (put in the challenge on the second episode of Week One, for their poor opening night), Michele & Russell (for being disorganised with their booking on the night of the task) and Richard & Scott (for ignoring Raymond's advice to add either Sorbets or Seasonal food to their menu)
Challenge: Motorway Service – Create five dishes for the public at a motorway service station
Eliminated: Richard & Scott, for failing to market their food well in the challenge and poor presentation of the food itself.

Week Three
Task: No Waste, No Loss – Given half a pig, minimise waste, maximise profit.
Restaurant of the week: Michele & Russell
In challenge: Alasdair & James (because James regards the kitchen as his sole responsibility), Chris & Caroline (for tasteless food) and Harriet & Mike (for Mike's lack of effort)
Challenge: Oxford Formal Halls – cater for high and low table at three Oxford colleges.
Eliminated: Harriet & Mike for Mike's lack of commitment.

Week Four
Task: Flags of the World – the couples must adjust their menus to include the national cuisine of a foreign country, while maintaining their own concept and identity.
Restaurant of the week: Michele & Russell
In challenge: Chris & Caroline (for their evening being a disaster), Peter & Laura (for lack of control in the kitchen) and Tim & Lindsie (as their commitment was in question, particularly Lindsie's due to missing their one-year-old son).
Challenge: Airline Food – The three couples in the challenge must serve the First Class passengers on a jumbo jet the best food they can muster.
Eliminated: Chris & Caroline for poor quality food and tasting from Chris.

Week Five
Task: Takeaway – Run a take-away business as well as catering for customers in the restaurant.
Restaurant of the week: None — Raymond didn't think that any of the restaurants were up to scratch.
In challenge: Peter & Laura (for Peter's lack of control in the kitchen), Alasdair & James (for being immature) and Helen & Stephen (for not taking advice)
Challenge: The Dinner Party – Cooking meals for dinner parties in three private homes
Eliminated: Peter & Laura

Week Six
Task: Cookery Demonstration – Demonstrating cooking in public on the streets
Restaurant of the week: Lindsie & Tim
In challenge: Alasdair & James ("if you have any talent for business it is very well hidden"), Michele & Russell (for failing to meet Blanc's high expectations) and Helen & Stephen (because the last time they were put in the challenge the quality of Helen's food improved significantly).
Challenge: Cook Book – The couples have to come up with cook books that promote their restaurant concepts.
Eliminated: Helen & Stephen for not being as high a standard as the other couples

Week Seven
Task: Tricky Customer – Raymond invites back the least satisfied customers from the couples' previous weeks of service, and adds some customers that require very special care, but only tells the restaurants this when it is time for them to take their bookings.
Restaurant of the week: None
In challenge: All three couples, as Raymond thought it was very close between all three couples, and all had their strengths and weaknesses.
Challenge: Masterclasses – Instead of sending them out to a challenge, he hands the couples' front-of-house to David Moore to test while personally putting the couples' chefs through a much tougher cooking regime than they expected. Then Sarah Willingham tests the couples' business skills. After that they have to serve up what they have learned to some of the most discerning palates and fastidious managers in the trade.
Eliminated: Lindsie & Tim

Week Eight
Task: First Class Service – The finalists must cater for a group of discerning guests on one of the world's most romantic railway journeys – The Orient Express
Eliminated: Alasdair & James
Winners of the Restaurant: Michele & Russell

Weekly results

: All couples were in the challenge in the first week; Raymond revealed that only 8 of the 9 couples would receive a restaurant.
: Raymond did not nominate a restaurant of the week in Week Five, as he thought that none of the restaurants met the required standard.
: None of the three restaurants were put directly through to the final as Raymond thought that each couple had its own strengths and weaknesses.

The restaurants
 Chris & Caroline's restaurant, Ray White's in Weston-on-the-Green, Bicester, Oxfordshire is the Ben Johnson pub.
 Helen & Stephen's restaurant, Nel's in Wendover, Buckinghamshire is usually Le Bistro.
 James & Alasdair's restaurant, The Gallery, near Marlow, Buckinghamshire is The Hare and Hounds on Henley Road. (Now the site of winners, Michelle and Russell's restaurant, The Cheerful Soul)
 Peter & Laura's restaurant, The Welsh Wok, in Haddenham, Buckinghamshire is usually The Green Dragon.
 Tim & Lindsie's restaurant, True Provenance in Brentford at San Marco on Ferry Quays.
 Russell & Michele's restaurant, The Cheerful Soul in Northwood, Middlesex is now Metro Piazza.
 Harriet & Mike's restaurant, The Blue Goose in Oxford was in real life the Sahara in Blue Boar Street. Now taken over and named The House.
 Scott & Richard's restaurant, Sorbet and Seasons in Surbiton is normally Da Lucio in Maple Road.

References

External links
The Restaurant at BBC.co.uk

The Restaurant (British TV series)
2008 British television seasons


The Open de Tenis Ciudad de Pozoblanco is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and was part of the ITF Women's Circuit. It was held at the Club Tenis Pozoblanco in Pozoblanco, Spain from 1999 to 2012 before starting back again in 2021.

Past finals

Men's singles

Men's doubles

Women's singles

Women's doubles

External links
ITF Search

ATP Challenger Tour
ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments
Hard court tennis tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1999


Not My Kid is a 1985 American made-for-television drama film directed by Michael Tuchner, which was based on a 1984 book of the same name by Beth Polson (who also served as the film's executive producer) and Miller Newton. The movie aired on CBS in the United States, and had a VHS release both there and in the United Kingdom, with ITC handling distribution rights.

Plot
A teenaged drug addict is sent to Dr. Royce's controversial drug intervention program where the teenage addicts in the program confront each other in supervised group meetings. Also, in these meetings, the addicts are confronted by their families. The girl's mother want to remove her from the program because it upsets her that their daughter is being forced to associate with addicts who admit to stealing and trading sex to support their drug habits. They remain in denial until their daughter admits at a family confrontation meeting the full extent of her drug addiction. After this, they are able to address their own feelings about being the family of a hardcore drug addict. The daughter is reunited with her family only after all of them have acknowledged her addiction and accepted therapy for it.

Cast

References

External links

1980s teen drama films
1985 drama films
1985 films
1985 television films
American high school films
American teen drama films
CBS network films
Films scored by Mark Snow
Films about drugs
Films directed by Michael Tuchner
American drama television films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films


Pauline Mary de Peauly Gower Fahie (22 July 1910 – 2 March 1947) was a British pilot and writer who established the women's branch of the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War.

Early life and education

Pauline Mary de Peauly Gower was born on 22 July 1910 to Dorothy Susie Eleanor (née Wills) (1882-1936) and Sir Robert Gower, MP. She had an older sister, named Dorothy Vaughan after their mother and they grew up at Sandown Court in Tunbridge Wells.

Pauline Gower was educated at Beechwood Sacred Heart School, which was run by Mother Ashton-Case, a cousin of her mother. She was a strong student and excelled at music and sport. At seventeen she became seriously ill and had to have a mastoidectomy which affected her health, particularly her lungs, for the rest of her life. Leaving school at 18, Gower did a season as a debutant, avoided finishing school in Paris and decided she needed a profession in which to earn her living.

Flying
Gower first flew with Alan Cobham and was fascinated by flying. Gower earned her pilot's licence (no. 9442 from the Royal Aero Club) on 4 September 1930 at the Phillips and Powis school of flying at Woodley Aerodrome, Reading, flying a De Havilland DH.60 Moth.

Gower met Dorothy Spicer at the London Aeroplane Club at Stag Lane Aerodrome and they became friends. In August 1931 they established a joy-riding and air taxi service in Kent. Gower was licensed to carry passengers for 'hire or reward', and held a 'B' Pilot's licence after completing the test requirements which included a solo night flight and one hundred hours plus of flying in the day. Spicer was qualified as a ground engineer and held an 'A' (private) pilot's licence. They hired a plane and later bought a Gypsy Moth for the business, but struggled to make a living so decided to join the Crimson Fleet air circus and later the British Hospitals' air pageant.

Piloting career
In 1932, to support British Hospitals, they toured the country with an Air Circus, giving air pageants in 200 towns. They joined the Aeronautical Section of the Women's Engineering Society in 1932. Gower also wrote for Girl's Own Paper and Chatterbox and published a collection of poetry, Piffling Poems for Pilots, in 1934. As a writer she was acquainted with W. E. Johns whose character Worrals was based on herself as well as Amy Johnson.

Engineering work

In 1935 she was appointed as a council member for the Women's Engineering Society. She chaired a meeting on "The History of British Airships", where Mr. M. Langley championed the airboat and Hon. A. F. de Moleyns the airship.

In 1936, Gower was the first woman to be awarded the Air Ministry's Second Class Navigator's Licence. Later that year, Gower and her colleague Dorothy Spicer ('daring aeronauts') presented a technical paper at the Women's Engineering Society Annual General Meeting on the treatment of metals for aircraft engineers.

In 1938, she was appointed a civil defence commissioner in London with the Civil Air Guard. That year her work on women in aviation—Women with Wings—was published.

Air Transport Auxiliary
On the outbreak of the Second World War, Gower made use of her high-level connections to propose the establishment of a women's section in the new Air Transport Auxiliary —the ATA would be responsible for ferrying military aircraft from factory or repair facility to storage unit or operational unit—to the authorities. Based at Hatfield, Gower formed a ferry pool, initially made up of eight female pilots in December 1939. Joan Hughes, Margaret Cunnison, Mona Friedlander, Rosemary Rees, Marion Wilberforce, Margaret Fairweather, Gabrielle Patterson and Winifred Crossley Fair were known as the First Eight.

Gower was appointed as the head of the women's branch, and commenced the selection and testing of women pilots, the first eight being appointed by the ATA on 1 January 1940. Early members included ice-hockey international Mona Friedlander, Margaret Fairweather (Lord Runciman's daughter) and former ballet dancer Rona Rees. Later members included Amy Johnson, Lettice Curtis and former Olympic skier Lois Butler.

In 1941, Gower's portrait was created by Ethel Léontine Gabain as part of a series commissioned by the War Artists Advisory Committee, it is now held by the Imperial War Museum.

Gower received the MBE for her services in 1942 In time Gower was able to argue that women in the ATA should be allowed to fly any type of aircraft. In 1943 they achieved pay parity with male pilots. Before that they had routinely been paid only 80% of the male wage.

The British Library holds a recording of Gower talking about her flying experiences over Kent during a night flight as well as her opinions of women being pilots.

Gower received a Harmon Trophy award posthumously in 1950.

Recognition
A bus company in Hatfield named its eight buses after the "first eight" of the Tiger Moth pilots in the ATA, including Gower.

Personal life
Gower married Wing Commander William Cusack "Bill" Fahie (b. Dublin 1918 - d. South Africa 1972) in 1945. She died on 2 March 1947 at her home, 2 The Vale, Chelsea, after giving birth to twin sons, Paul and Michael, who survived. She was buried on 7 March 1947 at the Kent and Sussex Crematorium and Cemetery in Tunbridge Wells.

References

Sources
 Curtis, Lettice, The Forgotten Pilots, Nelson Saunders, Olney, Bucks, 1985;
 Edwards, Owen Dudley, "The Battle of Britain and Children's Literature" in Paul Addison & Jeremy A. Crang (eds), The Burning Blue: a new history of the Battle of Britain. London: Pimlico, 2000;
 Edwards, Owen Dudley, British Children's Fiction of the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007;
 Fahie, Michael, A Harvest of Memories: The Life of Pauline Gower, MBE. Peterborough: GMS Enterprises, 1995;
Whittell, Giles, Spitfire Women of World War II. (Hardcover) November 2007 by Harper Press;  ()

External links

Pauline Gower, Woman's Hour, bbc.co.uk, 20 August 2001
Brief History of the ATA, motherflieshurricanes.com
Women in aviation, airsceneuk.org.uk
Portraits at the National Picture Gallery, npg.org.uk
Aviation Pioneers: An Anthology, monash.edu.au
Gower (married name Fahie), Pauline Mary de Peauly (1910–1947), aviator (by Michael Fahie) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography website

1910 births
1947 deaths
People from Tonbridge
British women in World War II
Air Transport Auxiliary pilots
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Harmon Trophy winners
Deaths in childbirth
British aviators
People educated at Beechwood Sacred Heart School
British women engineers
British women aviators


The Shogun Warriors were a fictional team appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The series was based on the Mattel toyline of the same name, itself licensed from Japanese toy company Popy. The storyline followed a trio of young heroes recruited by the Followers of Light to pilot the eponymous mecha against Maur-Kon and the Followers of Dark.

Creation
Shogun Warriors was an early example of an American toy company importing Japanese toys for their domestic market, a pattern that would later be replicated by Transformers and Power Rangers, among others. Mattel licensed the toys from Popy, who were experiencing large success in Japan with diecast representations of characters and vehicles from television shows - particularly super robot anime and live-action Sentai. The Shogun Warriors toyline was made up of over a dozen figures drawn from various series, so in order to promote them Mattel approached Marvel to produce an all-new comic tie-in, impressed by the publisher's success with Godzilla, King of the Monsters. Only three figures would be featured in the comic - Raydeen (originally from Brave Raideen); Dangard Ace (from Wakusei Robo Danguard Ace) and Combatra (from Chōdenji Robo Combattler V, the latter the most lavish toy in the line).

Stan Lee approached Doug Moench, who at the time was associated with Marvel's darker stories due to his work on Werewolf by Night and Deathlok. Partly influenced by his children's positive reaction to the sample toys he was given, Moench accepted as a change of pace. With no information about the characters' Japanese background, Moench set about crafting a mythos that he hoped would appeal to young readers while still being intelligent, penning a bible for the series. Moench attempted to ground the series by focusing more on the human characters than the robots. Herb Trimpe was assigned as artist; with no character references included he based his designs for the trio of Shogun Warriors on the toys, and designed the various enemies from scratch. The pair had worked together well on Godzilla, King of the Monsters, also based on a licence brokered by Mattel. Like that series, Shogun Warriors was set in the Marvel Universe; the comic would make occasional references to Godzilla character Red Ronin. Moench would also produce some artwork used by Mattel on toy advertisements.

Publication history
In order to quickly forefront the toy-based characters, Shogun Warriors #1 began in medias res, with the team's origin being covered in flashback. Shogun Warriors #6 (dated July 1979) was one of several Marvel comics at the time to print fan letters from Kurt Busiek, who would later embark on a highly successful professional career as a comic writer; he was broadly positive about the title. Doctor Demonicus crossed over as an antagonist from Godzilla, King of the Monsters from #7; however - despite Marvel having licensed both properties from Mattel and the titles running parallel for a period - Godzilla himself never appeared in the comic. Steven Grant contributed a fill-in issue for #15; the following issue saw Moench retool the series by wiping out the Followers of Light, the organisation that mentored the Shogun Warriors. Shogun Warriors #18 featured an antagonistic robot named Megatron; a few years later a character of the same name would appear in the Transformers franchise, a toyline that also featured a backstory created by Marvel.

The following issues featured guest appearances from the Fantastic Four; however Shogun Warriors was cancelled after 20 issues, with the final edition dated September 1980. Moench recalled that sales were a factor, and he was given enough warning to wrap up the main storyline in the final issue. It has also been speculated that licensing issues were a concern, while a notice in the letters' page of Shogun Warriors also suggested Moench's work on Moon Knight was a factor. To tie up the potential lose end of a trio of hugely powerful robots of questionable ownership lurking in the Marvel Universe, Moench used a guest slot on Fantastic Four to have Raydeen, Dangard Ace and Combatra (all unnamed and obscured) destroyed and their human operators Richard Carson, Genji Odashu and Ilongo Savage returned to their mundane lives as a stuntman, test pilot and oceanographer, respectively.  the characters have yet to reappear in any other Marvel comics, while the licensing issues have meant Shogun Warriors has never been reprinted in trade paperback form.

Fictional history
On prehistoric Earth, the alien Followers of Light defeated the Followers of Dark - also known as the Myandi - in the Great Chaos War. The Myandi were buried under a volcano in Asia, while the Followers of Light established the ankh-shaped Shogun Sanctuary in the Himalayas. Subsequent generations of the Followers of Light would monitor the volcano until it erupted, reviving Maur-Kon and the remaining Myandi, who unleash the monster Rok-Kon on Tokyo. Doctor Tambura and the other observers at the Shogun Sanctuary had accounted for this possibility, and have been observing a group of humans to aid them in their battle - American stuntman Richard Carson, Japanese test pilot Genji Odashu and Madagascan oceanographer Ilongo Savage. The trio are transported to the Shogun Sanctuary and - despite their initial skepticism - are persuaded to pilot the mighty Shogun Warrior robot Raydeen into battle, managing to divert the creature from the city. After further training, Carson is assigned as Raydeen's pilot while Genji and Ilongo are given command of two further Shoguns, Combatra and Dangard Ace. Together they are able to conclusively defeat Rok-Kon. Angered by the failure, Maur-Kon prepares the Mech-Monster to destroy the Shogun Warriors, but tampering by his lieutenant Magar sees the machine imbued with dark sorcery; while Raydeen and Dangard Ace battle the creature, Genji takes Combatra to investigate its point of origin - only to be ambushed by Maur-Kon's Dark Agents. After Carson and Savage defeat the Mech-Monster they follow, but come under attack from Combatra, under the control of Maur-Kon. Genji is able to escape and help destroy Maur-Kon's base, but the villain escapes.

After their successful training, the Shogun Warrior pilots are given pendants and allowed to return to their civilian lives until the next crisis arises. Carson meets up with his partner and fellow stunt driver Deena at Los Angeles International Airport, who is annoyed at his extended, inexplicable absence; Savage and his fellow researcher and romantic interest Judith attempt to pick up on the delays caused to his colleagues' dolphin research; Odashu meanwhile finds herself at the centre of a diplomatic incident caused by her disappearance. However, they were disturbed when Doctor Demonicus dispatched creatures to attack them; on the West Coast of America, Carson is challenged by Cerberus, and summons Raydeen to battle the attacker, eventually driving it off. Ilongo and Dangard Ace come under attack from the alien Starchild, while Genji's court-martial in Japan is disrupted by the appearance of the fearsome Hand of Five which she battles with Combatra. The Followers of Light deduce that the attacks are linked; while Genji is able to defeat the Hand of Five she heads to Los Angeles, feeling she will never be able to clear her name.  Discovering a meteor heading towards Earth, Tambura summons Carson, Odashu and Savage to Shogun Sanctuary. The Shogun Warriors destroy the object and spot a hidden space station behind the Moon, setting off to investigate. The base belongs to Doctor Demonicus, who disables the robots and captures Dangard Ace Combatra and Raydeen arrive, and the trio come under attack from Starchild, Cerberus and the Hand of Five. However, their teamwork allows them to destroy their enemies, and they deliver Doctor Demonicus and his neutralised space station back to S.H.I.E.L.D. and Dum Dum Dugan on Earth. The Shogun Warriors' success attracted the attention of the Yakuza, who attempted to use an imposter to steal Raydeen but were foiled.

A mysterious figure known as the Primal One meanwhile targets Shogun Sanctuary, levelling the facility and killing the Followers of Light while the Shoguns were kept busy by his agents. The trio instead created impromptu bases for the robots near their homes, though this led to Combatra briefly being accidentally discovered and piloted by the 11-year old Enrique Velez until Raydeen and Dangard Ace were able to bring it under control. Off Madagascar, Dangard Ace then comes under attack from the huge Megatron; with the aid of the other two the machine is defeated, but not before announcing that the Primal One's next target is Reed Richards. The trio head to the Baxter Building to warn him, arriving just before the huge Gigantauron arrives to attack. The Shogun Warriors and Fantastic Four pool their resources to defeat the invader. They set off in Combatra to the Primal One's base, where the Invisible Woman discovers that the Primal One is Maur-Kon, ending his control over his minions.

Some two months later, Carson, Odashu and Savage were targeted by a man named McLaughlin who had stumbled across the ruins of the Shogun Sanctuary and discovered a semi-complete fourth Shogun Warrior, the Samurai Destroyer. Drunk on power, he destroyed Combatra, Raydeen and Dangard Ace to neuter any opposition. The trio of pilots went to the Fantastic Four for help, and the gathering were able to defeat the Samurai Destroyer. McLaughlin activated the robot's self-destruct but the heroes got him to safety, and the resulting explosion levelled the remains of the Sanctuary. Carson and Savage returned to their careers while Odashu would eventually clear her name and was later hired by the Maria Stark Foundation, joining the Avengers' support staff.

Legacy
Screen Rant would include Shogun Warriors on its list of '10 Best Comic Books Based on Toys' due its "fun story and great action". Comic Book Resources noted the appearances by the Fantastic Four on a list of the ten best Marvel Universe/licensed property crossovers, noting the novelty of the characters getting a bookend for their stories after the title's cancellation.

References

1979 comics debuts
1980 comics endings
Comics based on toys
Marvel Comics titles
Mecha comics
Marvel Comics superhero teams
Comics by Doug Moench


The term "merger mania", as used in financial and law journals, describes a period of high activity in corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&A),
with some merged companies then merging yet again into other companies within a few years. The term has been used for more than 37 years.

The term merger mania is often used to describe the business activities of the 1990s, where many companies (or corporations), formerly separate for decades, were frequently merged, then some re-merged into other companies within a few years, with the resulting merged companies sometimes declaring bankruptcy.  The mergers were facilitated by changes in corporate law which no longer separated various types of businesses previously limited from interlocking directorates and antitrust concerns.

Several companies founded in the early 20th century had ceased to exist by the end of the 1990s, due to mergers.

See also
 Poison pill

Notes

References
 "The IFLR guide to Mergers and Acquisitions 2004", International Financial Law Review, 2004, webpage: IFLR-M&A-71.

External links
 International Financial Law Review, webpage: .

Mergers and acquisitions


Shogun Warriors may refer to:

Shogun Warriors (toys), a line of toy robots
Shogun Warriors (comics), a Marvel Comics series based on the toys
Shogun Warriors (video game), a fighting game by Kaneko, prequel to Blood Warrior


The World Group play-offs were the main play-offs of 2008 Davis Cup. Winners advanced to the World Group, and loser were relegated in the Zonal Regions I.

Teams
Bold indicates team has qualified for the 2009 Davis Cup World Group.

 From World Group

 From Americas Group I

 From Asia/Oceania Group I

 From Europe/Africa Group I

Results

Seeded teams

Unseeded teams

 ,  , , and  will remain in the World Group in 2009.
 , ,  and  are promoted to the World Group in 2009.
 , ,  and  will remain in Zonal Group I in 2009.
 , ,  and  are relegated to Zonal Group I in 2009.

Playoff results

Chile vs. Australia

Great Britain vs. Austria

Switzerland vs. Belgium

Croatia vs. Brazil

Israel vs. Peru

Netherlands vs. South Korea

Romania vs. India

Slovakia vs. Serbia

References

World Group play-offs


The 1886 Washington Nationals finished with a 28–92 record in the National League, finishing in last place in their debut season.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1886 Washington Nationals team page at Baseball Reference

Washington Nationals (1886–1889) seasons
Washington Nationals season
Washington Nationals


The Patriot is a 1986 action film directed by Frank Harris and starring Gregg Henry, Simone Griffeth and Stack Pierce with Leslie Nielsen.

Plot
A gang led by a man called Atkins (played by Stack Pierce) steal nuclear weapons from a storage facility in the desert. A burnt-out former Navy SEAL and Vietnam veteran who was dishonorably discharged is contacted by his former commanding officer to help retrieve the weapons.

Cast
Gregg Henry as Lieutenant Matt Ryder
Simone Griffeth as Sean
Michael J. Pollard as Howard
Jeff Conaway as Commander Michael Mitchell
Stack Pierce as Atkins
Leslie Nielsen as Admiral Frazer
Glenn Withrow as Pink
Larry Mintz as Bite
Diane Stevenett as Maggie
Anthony Caldarella as Eight Ball
Mike Gomez as Kenwood
Larry Moss as Devon
Smith Osbourne as Rosa
Sally Brown as Girl in Bar

Release
The Patriot was released in the United States on July 25, 1986, and in the Philippines on December 4, 1987.

References

External links

1986 films
1986 action films
American action films
American independent films
Crown International Pictures films
Films directed by Frank Harris
Films shot in California
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
1986 independent films


The 35th Annual Tony Awards was broadcast by CBS television on June 7, 1981, from the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The hosts were Ellen Burstyn and Richard Chamberlain. The theme was "Women's Achievements in the Theatre."

The ceremony
Presenters: Jane Alexander, Lucie Arnaz, Beatrice Arthur, Lauren Bacall, Zoe Caldwell, Diahann Carroll, Nell Carter, Colleen Dewhurst, José Ferrer, Phyllis Frelich, Julie Harris, Helen Hayes, Celeste Holm, Lena Horne, Judith Jamison, Marjorie Bradley Kellogg, Angela Lansbury, Jane Lapotaire, Michael Learned, Priscilla Lopez, Patti LuPone, Andrea McArdle, Carolyn Mignini, Ann Miller, Tharon Musser, Patricia Neal, Carole Bayer Sager, Ntozake Shange, Meryl Streep, Elizabeth Taylor, Lynne Thigpen, Mary Catherine Wright, Patricia Zipprodt.

Performers: Richard Chamberlain, José Ferrer, Robert Goulet, Robert Klein, Jack Klugman, Peter Nero, Tony Randall, Christopher Reeve, Jason Robards, Tony Roberts, Richard Thomas, Ben Vereen, Billy Dee Williams.

Musicals represented:
 A Chorus Line ("What I Did For Love" - Priscilla Lopez)
 Ain't Misbehavin' ("Honeysuckle Rose" - Nell Carter)
 Annie ("Tomorrow" - Andrea McArdle)
 Evita ("Buenos Aires" - Patti LuPone)
 42nd Street ("Lullaby of Broadway" - Jerry Orbach and Company)
 Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music ("If You Believe" - Lena Horne)
 Piaf ("La Vie en Rose" - Jane Lapotaire)
 Sophisticated Ladies ("Rockin' in Rhythm" - Company)
 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ("By The Sea" - Angela Lansbury)
 Tintypes (It's Delightful to be Married"/"Fifty-Fifty" - Company)
 Woman of the Year ("One of the Boys" - Lauren Bacall and Men)

Winners and nominees
Winners are in bold

Special awards
Lena Horne for Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music
Regional Theatre Award: Trinity Square Repertory Company, Providence, Rhode Island

Multiple nominations and awards

These productions had multiple nominations:

8 nominations: 42nd Street and Sophisticated Ladies
7 nominations: Amadeus and The Pirates of Penzance
6 nominations: Woman of the Year
5 nominations: Fifth of July and The Little Foxes
4 nominations: A Life
3 nominations: Brigadoon, Can-Can and Tintypes
2 nominations: Camelot, The Floating Light Bulb, Piaf, Rose and To Grandmother's House We Go

The following productions received multiple awards.

5 wins: Amadeus
4 wins: Woman of the Year
3 wins: The Pirates of Penzance
2 wins: 42nd Street and Sophisticated Ladies

See also
 Drama Desk Awards
 1981 Laurence Olivier Awards – equivalent awards for West End theatre productions
 Obie Award
 New York Drama Critics' Circle
 Theatre World Award
 Lucille Lortel Awards

External links
Official site

Tony Awards ceremonies
1981 in theatre
1981 theatre awards
1981 in New York City
Tony


Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, United States, is divided into 13 incorporated municipalities. State law defines the two kinds of municipalities present in the county: four boroughs and nine townships. In the 2010 census, the population of Sullivan County was 6,428, making it an "Eighth Class County", defined by Pennsylvania law as "having a population of less than 20,000 inhabitants". Its county seat is Laporte, which was the smallest county seat in Pennsylvania by population, as of 2001.

Sullivan County is located in north central Pennsylvania, about  northwest of Philadelphia and  east-northeast of Pittsburgh. The county covers , of which  is land and  (0.53%) is water. Its municipalities range in size from the borough of Dushore with  to Davidson Township with . Cherry Township has the highest population of any municipality (1,705 or 26.5% of the county total as of 2010), while the borough of Eagles Mere has the lowest population (120 or 1.9%).

Although Sullivan County has boroughs and townships, it has no cities. Any municipality in Pennsylvania with more than 10 persons can incorporate as a borough. Any township or borough with a population of at least 10,000 can ask the state legislature to become chartered as a city. However, as Sullivan County has a population of only 6,428, it has no cities. There are no unincorporated areas in the county, since all territory in Pennsylvania is incorporated.

History
The land which became Sullivan County was purchased from the Iroquois by the Province of Pennsylvania in 1768, as part of the first Treaty of Fort Stanwix. It was part of Northumberland County, then became part of Lycoming County when it was formed in 1795. Sullivan County itself was formed from the northeastern part of Lycoming County on March 15, 1847. It was the thirteenth and last county formed at least partly from Lycoming County, and the fifth entirely formed from it.

According to the official state publication The Pennsylvania Manual (2011), Sullivan County was named for Pennsylvania state senator Charles C. Sullivan, who "took an active part in procuring passage of the bill" establishing the county. However, according to former Pennsylvania state librarian Frederic A. Godcharles (1933) and oliver P. Williams' County Courthouses of Pennsylvania: A Guide (2001), the county is named for General John Sullivan, who led the Sullivan Expedition against the Iroquois in 1779.

While all four boroughs were formed after Sullivan County was established, seven of the nine townships were formed while still part of Lycoming County. The first of these was Shrewsbury Township, which encompassed all of modern Sullivan County when it was formed in 1803. Elkland Township was formed from Shrewsbury in 1804, as were Cherry (1824), Davidson (1833), and Forks Townships (1833). Plunketts Creek Township was formed from Franklin and Davidson Townships in 1838, and Fox Township was formed from Elkland in 1839. When Sullivan County was formed in 1847, both Shrewsbury and Plunketts Creek Townships were split, with each county having a township of that name. Plunketts Creek Township in Sullivan County changed its name to Hillsgrove Township in 1856. Sullivan County has no former townships, and no counties have been formed from it.

When formed in 1847, Sullivan County had no boroughs. The unincorporated village of Cherry Hill in Cherry Township served as the first county seat until 1850, when Laporte was founded in the geographic center of the county, and became its new county seat. In 1850 the population of the county was 3,694 and it grew steadily to a peak of 12,134 in 1900. This was just after the borough of Eagles Mere was incorporated as the last of the county's municipalities, in 1899. Much of this growth was fueled by lumber-based industry, but the virgin forests were almost all gone by 1900 and the population declined in eight of eleven decades since then, decreasing by a total of 47% between 1900 and 2010.

Municipalities

Clickable map
The map shown below is clickable; click on any municipality name to be redirected to the article for that borough or township.

See also
 Loyalsock State Forest
 Worlds End State Park
 Ricketts Glen State Park

References
Unless otherwise noted, all information on area and population comes from the U.S. Census Bureau.

External links
  Official Sullivan County Website

Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, Municipalities
Municipalities in Sullivan County
Pennsylvania


The 1887 Washington Nationals finished with a 46–76 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1887 Washington Nationals at Baseball Reference

Washington Nationals (1886–1889) seasons
Washington Nationals season
Washington Nationals


Maura Viceconte (3 October 1967 – 10 February 2019) was an Italian long-distance runner who represented her native country twice (1996 and 2000) at the Summer Olympics.

Biography
Viceconte is best known for winning the bronze medal at the 1998 European Championships in Budapest, Hungary. She won three marathons during her career: Rome (1999), Vienna (2000), and Prague (2001).

Her personal best time of 2:23:47 hours set at the Vienna City Marathon in 2000 stood as the Italian national record until April 2012, when it was beaten by Valeria Straneo.

On 10 February 2019, Viceconte committed suicide by hanging, at the age of 51.

Achievements

See also
 Italian all-time lists - 5000 metres
 Italian all-time lists - 10000 metres
 Italian all-time lists - Half marathon
 Italian all-time lists - Marathon

References

External links

 Maura Viceconte at RAI

1967 births
2019 suicides
2019 deaths
People from Susa, Piedmont
Italian female long-distance runners
Italian female marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
European Athletics Championships medalists
Suicides by hanging in Italy
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Turin
Female suicides
20th-century Italian women
21st-century Italian women


The 1888 Washington Nationals finished with a 48–86 record in the National League, finishing in last place.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
 1888 Washington Nationals at Baseball Reference

Washington Nationals season
Washington Nationals (1886–1889) seasons
Washington Nationals


Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology (, (BRIAI)) is the scholarly research subdivision of Klaipėda University. It was established in 2003, following reorganization of the former Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia, which functioned in the period 1992 to 2003

The scholars of the Institute are involved in the research of changes in prehistoric and historic societies and cultures within the Baltic region by applying diverse scientific theories and methodologies.

History
In their research activities, the staff of Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia focused upon investigation of the relations between the Order of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, development of societies of these states, the history of the German-Lithuanian relationships in the Prussian Lithuania, highlighting political and social turning points in the 20th century experienced by the former territory of East Prussia, and the past of the historical region of Samogitia. Historical and archaeological investigations of Klaipėda, Palanga and other towns and townships of Western Lithuania, as well as analysis of historical issues of the Kaliningrad Oblast and the former East Prussia were accomplished in the Centre for History.

In cooperation with the Polish scientists, the Centre for History initiated underwater archaeology, a research field new for Lithuania. In collaboration with the Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk Institute in Lüneburg, collection of the archive indispensable for historical urban research work started in Klaipėda; the Cultural Centre of Thomas Mann was founded in Nida as a venue for cultural dialogue between different nations, etc.

The activities of the Centre in the years 1992–2003, with regard to the priorities of scientific research in the Baltic Sea Region, were coordinated by the Academic Board composed of scientists from Lithuania, Germany, Poland, Latvia and Sweden, which was headed by Dr Eckhard Matthes in 1993 to 1999, later by Professor Udo Arnold.

Research activities
Researchers of the BRIAI conduct fundamental and applied scientific research in the following fields:
 Research of the Regional History
 Prehistory of the Baltic Region in the Contemporary Society
 Creation of the Digital Research Archive for Klaipėda Region and Samogitia (STA) and Publication of Sources
 Cultural Anthropology of the Baltic Region

Scholars of the Institute are involved in the studies process of Klaipėda University. Scientists of the Institute read lectures to bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree students majoring in history, and to the students majoring in archaeology and other branches of studies (such as, political sciences, philology), and supervise their scientific efforts.

Publications
BRIAI publishes monographs, collection of articles, as well as two peer-reviewed research series dedicated to historical and archaeological research respectively.
 Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis (published since 1993). Biannual publication presenting the results of the historical research, which are analyzed by BRIAI in conjunction mostly with European partners. The series containing collections of thematic articles remains the only such publication dedicated to the studies of regional history in Lithuania to this day. In addition to articles of Lithuanian researchers, it also publishes contributions by Polish, Russian, German, Latvian and other scholars.
 Archaeologia Baltica (the charge of its publishing was taken over by the archaeologists of the Institute in 2006; the first five volumes were prepared in the Lithuanian Institute of History in 1995–2002). The only archaeological research periodical issued in the English language in Lithuania, which publishes research works of multinational community of scholars featuring issues of archaeology in the region of the Baltic Sea and the latest insights of investigators in this field.

Staff
Directors of the institute: Assoc. Professor, Dr Alvydas Nikžentaitis in 1992–1993, Assoc. Professor, Dr Vladas Žulkus in 1993–1998, Professor Stephen Christopher Rowell, PhD (Cantab.) in 1998–1999, Dr Vacys Vaivada in 1999–2001, Professor, Dr Habil. Vladas Žulkus in 2001–2002, Dr Silva Pocytė since 2002.

External links
Official homepage of the Institute

References

Research institutes in Lithuania
Education in Klaipėda
Educational institutions established in 1992
1992 establishments in Lithuania


Nenad Filipović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Филиповић; born 24 April 1987) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Čukarički.

Career
On 14 April 2013, Filipović was dismissed circa 20 seconds after the start of Etar's match against CSKA Sofia for fouling an opponent and denying a goal scoring opportunity. He likely holds the record for the fastest sending off in A PFG's history.

Personal life
Filipović's sister is married to Milan Borjan, also a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Canada national team.

References

External links
 Nenad Filipović at HLSZ
 Nenad Filipović at Utakmica
 Nenad Filipović at Srbijafudbal

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Užice
Serbian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Rad players
FK Teleoptik players
FK Radnički Niš players
FK Mačva Šabac players
FK TSC players
FK Čukarički players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Fehérvár FC players
MTK Budapest FC players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria


Šitbořice () is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,100 inhabitants.

References

External links

Villages in Břeclav District


Lampa () is one of Polish director Roman Polanski's early short films. The eight-minute piece, released in 1959, was the diploma film of a classmate of his, Krzysztof Romanowski, who was the cinematographer of the film, but Polanski directed it.

Plot
An elderly dollmaker is hard at work in his shop. Once he's headed off home, the film focuses on apparent whisperings amongst the miscellaneous doll-parts he's left behind. The shop then goes on to catch fire, but this remains unnoticed by the passers-by. Polanski can be glimpsed in a cameo role as a passer-by outside the shop.

References

External links

1959 films
Films directed by Roman Polanski
Films with screenplays by Roman Polanski
Polish black-and-white films
Polish short films


Danilo Pustinjaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Данило Пустињаковић; born 12 March 1977) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After starting out at his hometown club Proleter Zrenjanin, Pustinjaković represented numerous domestic and international sides, including Čukarički, Pandurii Târgu Jiu, Banat Zrenjanin, Jagodina, Makedonija Gjorče Petrov, Napredak Kruševac, Novi Pazar, Radnički Kragujevac, Mladost Lučani, Kolubara, and Dolina Padina.

External links

Men's association football goalkeepers
CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu players
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in North Macedonia
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Čukarički players
FK Dolina Padina players
FK Jagodina players
FK Kolubara players
FK Makedonija G.P. players
FK Mladost Lučani players
FK Napredak Kruševac players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Proleter Zrenjanin players
FK Radnički 1923 players
Liga I players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia
Serbian First League players
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
Footballers from Zrenjanin
1977 births
Living people


The 1889 Washington Nationals finished with a 41–83 record in the National League, finishing in last place. The team folded at the conclusion of the season.

Offseason
 January 11, 1889: Wild Bill Widner was purchased from the Nationals by the Columbus Solons.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Opening Day lineup

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Notes

References
 1889 Washington Nationals at Baseball Reference

Washington Nationals (1886–1889) seasons
Washington Nationals season
Washington Senators


Nandor Njergeš (Serbian Cyrillic: Нандор Њергеш, Hungarian: Nyerges Nándor; born September 4, 1973) is a retired Serbian football goalkeeper of Hungarian descent.

During his career he played with FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor, renamed in 2005 to FK Banat Zrenjanin.

References

1973 births
Living people
Hungarians in Vojvodina
Serbian men's footballers
FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor players
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Place of birth missing (living people)


Arthur Fawssett Alston (30 December 187220 February 1954) was an Anglican bishop, the third Bishop of Middleton (a suffragan bishop in the Church of England Diocese of Manchester) from 1938 until 1943.

Born at Sandgate, Kent, the third son of William Evelyn Alston, an army medic and Elizabeth Rouse Alston (nee Fitzgerald), from Sydney, Alston was educated at Clare College, Cambridge (admitted 7 July 1891, matriculated that Michaelmas, graduated Bachelor of Arts {BA} 1894 and proceeded Cambridge Master of Arts {MA Cantab} 1898). He trained for the ministry at Ridley Hall, was ordained a deacon in 1896 and a priest in Peterborough in 1897.

For eleven years following ordination, he served curacies: at St Katherine, Northampton (1896–1898); at Faringdon (1898–1905); and at St Simon's, Southsea (1905–1907). While in Farington, he married in 1900, and had three sons and two daughters — one of those sons, Rex Alston, became a famous cricket commentator. He then held three Yorkshire incumbencies for thirteen years in succession: Vicar of St Matthew's, Hull (1907–1915); of St George's, Leeds (1915–1917/18); and of All Saints', Bradford (1918–1920).

Moving to Sussex in 1920, Alston became Rector of St Leonards-on-Sea, becoming additionally Rural Dean of Hastings in 1926 and Archdeacon of Hastings in 1928; he resigned the rectory and rural-deanery in 1929, remaining archdeacon. He was elected a Proctor in Convocation that year, serving until 1934; he ceased to be Archdeacon of Hastings when in 1938 he moved to Lancashire to become Bishop of Middleton and a Canon Residentiary of Manchester Cathedral, in which posts he remained until his retirement in 1943. He was consecrated a bishop on St Matthias' day (24 February) 1938, by William Temple, Archbishop of York, at York Minster.

References

1872 births
Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
20th-century Church of England bishops
Archdeacons of Hastings
Bishops of Middleton
1954 deaths


Student Exchange is a 1987 American made-for-television comedy film directed by Mollie Miller and produced by Walt Disney Television. It originally aired November 29, 1987 as a presentation of The Disney Sunday Movie on ABC.

Plot
Carole and Neil, two nerdy teenagers, get only perfect grades but have no social skills. When Carole learns that two foreign exchange students from France and Italy have gone to another school, they grab their chance and dress up as the exchange students. For their last semester, they see a fresh start to become popular as the Italian Adriano and French Simone. But for how long can the scheme go on?

Cast
 Viveka Davis as Carole Whitcomb / Simone Swaare
 Todd Field as Neil Barton / Adriano Parbritzzi
 Maura Tierney as Kathy Maltby
 Gavin MacLeod as Vice Principal Durfner
 Mitchell Anderson as Rod
 Heather Graham as Dorrie Ryder
 Kim Walker as Kit
 Lee Garlington as Mrs. Whitcomb
 David Selburg as Mr. Whitcomb
 Nancy Lenehan as Mrs. Barton
 Glenn Shadix as Mr. Barton
 Virginya Keehne as Lucy Whitcomb
 Lisa Hartman as Peggy Whitcomb
 Nancy Fish as Mrs. Vera
 Edward Edwards as Mr. Gordon
 Rob Estes as Beach
 Moon Unit Zappa as Biker Joe
 O. J. Simpson as Soccer Coach
 Lindsay Wagner as Principal

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes there is no critic consensus but audience reactions were favorable.

Home media
Disney released a DVD-on-Demand version of the film as part of their "Disney Generations Collection" line of DVDs on June 26, 2011.

External links

 Student Exchange DVD

1987 television films
1987 films
1987 comedy films
ABC network original films
1980s teen comedy films
American teen comedy films
Student exchange in fiction
Disney television films
Films with screenplays by William Davies
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
American comedy television films
Films with screenplays by William Osborne (writer)


Željko Milošević (Serbian Cyrillic: Жељко Милошевић; born 25 January 1976) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

Honours
Budućnost Banatski Dvor
 Serbia and Montenegro Cup: Runner-up 2003–04

External links
 Utakmica profile

Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor players
FK Laktaši players
FK Obilić players
FK Radnički 1923 players
FK Srem players
Sportspeople from Sremska Mitrovica
Footballers from Srem District
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian football managers
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
1976 births
Living people


Charles H. Ortmann (June 1, 1929 – March 7, 2018) was an American football player who played for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1948 to 1950 and in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1951 and the Dallas Texans in 1952.

University of Michigan

Ortmann was raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He turned down offers from the University of Wisconsin and nearby Marquette University, as well as coach Bear Bryant at the University of Kentucky, to attend the University of Michigan and play football for Fritz Crisler. Ortmann recalled: "My high school coach would say, 'Chuck, if you pick Michigan, you're picking the best.  After you graduate, people will know you and remember you.'  I made the right decision." He was a versatile player, starting at  safety on defense and halfback on offense, as well as punting, placekicking, and returning punts and kickoffs. He was a starter as a sophomore for the undefeated 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team that won the National Championship. As a senior in 1950, he was responsible for 90% of Michigan's total offense.
He was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame on December 31, 2009.

The Snow Bowl
Ortmann is most known for his role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game against Ohio State, in which he punted 24 times in a blizzard for 723 yards – still a Michigan record. The weather conditions were so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The strategy worked, as the game's only touchdown was scored after Ortman punted the ball out of bounds at the Ohio State six-yard line, Ohio State was forced to punt from deep in its own territory, and Tony Momsen recovered a blocked punt in the endzone. Ortmann recalled: "You and I would not have gone outside to get the newspaper on a day like that.  But here we were, trying to play football." Michigan did not get a first down and had only 27 yards of total offense, while Ortman was 0 for 8 passing and gained only 9 yards in 10 rushing attempts. The fierce weather conditions stifled both offenses, and the Wolverines won 9–3 on a safety and Momsen's touchdown after the blocked punt. Interviewed about the Snow Bowl in 2006, Ortmann, then retired and living in Savannah, Georgia, recalled: "Twice during the game, playing as the safety, I couldn't see [Heisman Trophy winner] Vic Janowicz and his backfield, the snow was falling so heavily. Tony Momsen was our regular punter and as we were ready to go out, he said, 'Charlie, I don't feel like punting today, you punt.' I hadn't punted in three months. But the hero of that game was not Chuck Ortmann, it was Carl Kreager, our center. I just put my hands down and the ball was always there. I still remind him every time we talk, 'Carl, you never got enough credit for that game.' It was so boring. I have a film of the game, and I haven't watched it since, if that tells you something."

Other highlights

Other highlights of Ortmann's playing career at Michigan include:
 Passing for 146 yards (15 for 19) in a 14–6 win over California, including six passes for 80 yards in the fourth quarter to lead Michigan's comeback from a 6–0 deficit, at the 1951 Rose Bowl game;
 Rushing for 115 yards and passing for another 92 (207 total yards) in a 14–7 win over Minnesota in the 1949 Little Brown Jug game;
 Passing for a career-high 186 yards passing in the 1950 Little Brown Jug game; and
 Returning a kickoff 82 yards against Purdue in 1949.
In his three years as a starter at Michigan, Ortmann had 2,078 yards passing (127 of 314) and 676 yards rushing (273 carries and six touchdowns). He was named an All-Big Ten halfback in 1950 and was also third-team All-American.

Professional football
Ortmann was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers as the 20th pick in the 1951 NFL Draft and played in all 12 of the Steelers' games in 1951. He was the Steelers' leading passer in 1951, throwing 56 completions for 671 yards, three touchdowns and 13 interceptions. He also had 327 yards rushing, 62 yards receiving, and 62 yards on an interception return. Ortmann was also the Steelers' backup punter, kicking seven times for a 43.1 yard average, including a 72-yard punt. Ortmann was waived by the Steelers after the 1951 season and signed by the Dallas Texans in 1952. However, he injured his ankle and finished his playing career after playing only three games for the Texans, including two starts at quarterback.

Later years, family and honors
After his football career ended, Ortmann accepted a job with a Chicago nonferrous metals company owned by former Michigan All-American Ernie Vick. Ortmann retired in 1991 and moved to Savannah, Georgia. He was married to his high school sweetheart from Milwaukee, Betty Ortmann; they had four children. They settled in Glen Ellyn, where Chuck established a youth football program. Together with Tom Hoffman, Chuck coached both the Churchill Blue Raiders and Glen Ellyn Rams. During the Rams' first year, Larry Krupp served as student manager of the team. In 2004, Ortmann was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor. Asked about the honor, Ortmann modestly said: "When fans start talking about putting an all-time Michigan team together, I think they're wrong to pick someone from the old era. I led the Big Ten one year with 750 yards running and passing. A guy like John Navarre has as many yards and passes in a game as I did in a season. Guys I played with were as good as they come, but nothing like the players today. Dominic Tomasi was a lineman at 5-8 and 180 pounds. They have cheerleaders that big today." Ortmann died on March 7, 2018, in Gig Harbor, Washington, at the age of 88.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
American football halfbacks
Dallas Texans (NFL) players
Michigan Wolverines football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Milwaukee


Salvatore Bettiol (born 28 November 1961) is a retired long-distance runner from Italy.

Biography
He represented his native country twice (1992 and 1996) at the Summer Olympics. He is best known for finishing in 2nd place overall at the 1988 New York Marathon, and for winning the 1987 Venice Marathon. He also finished in 4th place overall at the 1990 European Championships in Split, FR Yugoslavia.

Achievements

National titles
Salvatore Bettiol has won 4 times the individual national championship.
2 wins in Marathon (1987, 1991)
2 wins in Half marathon (1986, 1988)

References

External links

 Salvatore Bettiol at RAI

1961 births
Living people
Italian male long-distance runners
Italian male marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy


Rašo Babić  (Serbian Cyrillic: Рашо Бабић, born July 7, 1977) is a Serbian former footballer.

He had played with Serbian clubs FK Polet Ratina, FK Magnohrom, FK Trayal Kruševac, FK Železničar Lajkovac, FK Mladost Lučani, FK Srem, FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor, FK Banat Zrenjanin, FK Sloga Kraljevo, Azerbaijani club FK Olimpik Baku and Kazakh FC Atyrau and FC Megasport.

References

External links
 Profile at Srbijafudbal
 Profile at Playerhistory
 Profile and stats until 2003 at Dekisa.Tripod

Living people
Footballers from Kraljevo
1977 births
Men's association football defenders
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
FK Mladost Lučani players
FK Srem players
FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor players
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Sloga Kraljevo players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Shuvalan FK players
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
FC Megasport players


Constantine III Leichoudes (; ? – 9 August 1063) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1059 to 1063.

Born in Constantinople, he was a fellow student of Michael Psellus and John Xiphilinus. He rose to high court offices: appointed protovestiarios, he later became proedros ("president") of the Senate and was one of the senior aides of emperors Michael V and Constantine IX. He also became abbot of the imperial Mangana Monastery, and in 1059, following the dismissal of Michael I Cerularius, he was elected into the patriarchal office, which he held until his death. He is considered a saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and is commemorated on 29 July.

11th-century patriarchs of Constantinople
1063 deaths
Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
People from Constantinople
Protovestiarioi
Year of birth unknown
Byzantine abbots


The 2006–07 season was Birmingham City Football Club's 104th consecutive season played in the English football league system, their 46th in the second tier of English football, and their first season at that level under the name of the Football League Championship. Managed by Steve Bruce, Birmingham were promoted back to the Premier League after just one season in the Championship. They reached the fourth round of both the 2006–07 FA Cup and League Cup. The 2006–07 season also marked the 100th anniversary of the first match held at their St Andrew's stadium.

Gary McSheffrey was top scorer with 16 goals, of which 13 were scored in the league.

Pre-season

Pre-season friendlies

Season review
Birmingham returned straight back to the Premier League by finishing second in The Championship thereby gaining automatic promotion. The team had started the season inconsistently leaving them in ninth position after the 0–1 defeat to Norwich City on 17 November. This led to supporters calling for the sacking of manager Steve Bruce, but the board held firm and the team pulled themselves around. The year finished with Birmingham topping the table by nine points after dropping only seven points in 15 games since the defeat against Norwich.

Boxing Day saw the centenary of the opening of St Andrew's. Queens Park Rangers were the team to visit on the historic day, and Birmingham marked the occasion by defeating their rivals 2–1. Many fans also hoped that the 'curse of the gypsies' would finally be dispelled from the stadium, and at last the team could make their mark on English football.

The FA Cup saw Birmingham overturn Newcastle United away from home that was undoubtedly the result of the season. Goals from Gary McSheffrey, Bruno Ngotty, Sebastian Larsson, DJ Campbell, and an own goal by former Aston Villa midfielder Nolberto Solano gave Birmingham a 5–1 victory at St James' Park. Blues went on to lose in the next round to Reading.

Birmingham once again returned to some inconsistent form, but a run of good results after the Easter games against Burnley and Barnsley saw them climb back to the top of the table with one game to go, and after Crystal Palace beat Derby County, promotion was secured. The only thing left to be sorted out was who would win the league, Birmingham or Sunderland? Blues had a one-point lead, but after a defeat to Preston North End and a victory for Sunderland, Blues were confined to finishing second. But promotion back to the big time was secured.

The end of season awards ceremony, held at the Hilton Birmingham Metropole Hotel, saw Stephen Clemence win the player of the season and players' player of the season awards. Fabrice Muamba was chosen young player of the season, and Krystian Pearce was the Academy player of the season. Sebastian Larsson's goal against Sheffield Wednesday on 28 April was chosen goal of the season, and the breakthrough award, sponsored by the local radio station, went to goalkeeper Colin Doyle, whose penalty save against Wolverhampton Wanderers in April earned him the "magic moment" award.
The season ended with the club recording the most league wins (26) in a season.

The Championship

Match details

League table (part)

Results summary

FA Cup

Birmingham reached the fourth round of the 2006–07 FA Cup before losing to Reading of the Premier League.

League Cup

Birmingham reached the fourth round of the 2006–07 League Cup before losing to Liverpool of the Premier League.

Transfers

In

 Brackets round club names indicate the player's contract with that club had expired before he joined Birmingham.

Loan in

Out

 Brackets round club names denote the player joined that club after his Birmingham City contract expired.

Loan out

Appearances and goals

Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute.
Players with squad numbers struck through and marked  left the club during the playing season.
Players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with Birmingham.

a. Soccerbase's stats for the match between Derby County and Birmingham City on 9 March 2007 omit substitute appearances by Jerome and Johnson.

References
General

 Source for match dates, league positions and results:
 Source for lineups, appearances, goalscorers and attendances: Matthews (2010), Complete Record, pp. 448–49.
 Source for goal times:
 Source for transfers:

Specific

2006-07
Birmingham City


The spheno-maxillary fossa is a small triangular space situated at the angle of the junction of the sphenomaxillary fissure and the pterygomaxillary fissure beneath the apex of the orbit. It is formed above by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid and by the orbital process of the palate bone.

References
Gray's Anatomy, pg.112

Skull


Nemanja Pavlović  (; born September 18, 1977) is a Serbian footballer.

He had played with Serbian clubs FK Teleoptik, top league FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor, that in 2006 became FK Banat Zrenjanin, and Bosnian Premier League club FK Modriča. Since 2008 he has been playing with FK Sloga Kraljevo in the Serbian First League, but in summer 2010 he has moved to another same league club, the more ambitious FK BASK.

External links
 Profile and stats at Srbijafudbal
 Profile at Playerhistory

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Sarajevo
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Men's association football defenders
Serbian men's footballers
FK Teleoptik players
FK Budućnost Banatski Dvor players
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Alfa Modriča players
FK Sloga Kraljevo players
FK BASK players
Serbian SuperLiga players