Willis Franklin Ward (December 28, 1912 – December 30, 1983) was a track and field athlete and American football player who was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1981.

Ward was the Michigan High School Athlete of the Year, after setting a national prep record in the high jump. At the University of Michigan, he was a collegiate champion in the high jump, the long jump, the 100-yard dash, and the 440-yard dash, and finished second in the voting for the Associated Press Big Ten Athlete of the Year award in 1933. In track and field he was a three-time All-American and eight-time Big Ten champion.

In football, Ward was only the second African-American to win a varsity letter for the Michigan Wolverines football team, lettering in 1932, 1933, and 1934. In 1934, a controversy developed when Georgia Tech refused to play if Ward took the field, and university officials opted to keep Ward out of the game. Teammate Gerald R. Ford reportedly threatened to quit the team in response to the university's decision. After being excluded from the Georgia Tech game, Ward went on to score all 12 of Michigan's points that year outside of the Georgia Tech game, without another Wolverine even having an extra point or a field goal.

Ward later became a lawyer in Detroit and up through World War 2 he worked for Ford Motor Company in the Service Division as a voice for black workers, but also helping Ford oppose labor unions; later he was a member of the Michigan Public Service Commission from 1966 to 1973, serving as chairman from 1969 to 1973. He also served as a probate court judge in Wayne County, Michigan.

Early years
Ward was born in Alabama in 1913.  His father, Henry R. Ward, was an Alabama native who moved to Detroit and worked there in a Ford Motor Company factory.  His mother, Bessie, was a Georgia native.

Ward attended Detroit's Northwestern High School where he excelled in both track and football.  As a high school junior, he was named Michigan High School Athlete of the Year, after setting a national prep record in the high jump at 6–4.5. He was city champion in the low hurdles (with a time of 13.0) and the high hurdles (with a time of 15.8). Ward also won the 220 hurdles at Ann Arbor (with a time of 25.9) and Class A (with a time of 26.1).

University of Michigan

Freshman track star

Ward attended the University of Michigan from 1931 to 1935, where he became one of the most successful track athletes in the school's history. As a freshman in 1932, Ward's specialty was the high jump. Ward won the NCAA high jump championship in June 1932 with a jump of 6–7 1/3.   He jumped as high as 6-7-1/2 in his freshman year.  Ward's best jump in 1932 was two inches above the mark that won the gold medal at the 1932 Summer Olympics (Canada's Duncan McNaughton won the gold with a jump of 6 feet, 5½ inches), but Ward did not qualify for the team.

Ward's accomplishments were not limited to the high jump. An Associated Press article in 1932 noted: "His specialty is the high jump for which he has a mark of 6 feet 7½ inches. He can run the high hurdles and the low hurdles. He has broad jumped 22 feet without training in that event. He put the 16-pound shot over 43 feet without prior experience, and it believed he might be developed into a world champion weight man. He unquestionably could be trained to do the springs. He is only 19. Ward has an ideal build for a track man, six feet, one inch tall, 185 pounds of well-distributed weight, good legs, natural co-ordination. He is quiet and unassuming, and popular with coaches and fellow members of the squad."

When Ward decided to try out for the football team as a sophomore, Michigan track fans worried that Ward would be injured. The Associated Press reported: "University of Michigan track fans do a lot of worrying these days because a Negro boy from Detroit insists on playing football. Willis Ward, they believe, will be the greatest track man ever to compete for the Maize and Blue—if he doesn't get hurt.  … Ward is a good football player and loves the game.  . . . Well wishers even have told him about the advantages of competing only in track and staying away from the gridiron, but he is determined to play on the eleven, and he is good enough to make the grade."  Michigan's track coach, Chuck Hoyt, noted that "Ward is his own boss and football is his recreation."

First African-American football player in 40 years
In addition to the concerns of track fans, Ward's decision to try out for the football team raised issues of race. Though George Jewett had broken the race barrier as Michigan's first African-American football player in 1890, Michigan had not played another African-American in the 40 years after Jewett. During Fielding Yost's tenure as coach several African-American students joined the football team, but records indicate that none of them ever saw game action and only one earned even a "reserve letter". Some reports attribute the de facto segregation of the football team to racism on the part of Yost, who was the son of a Confederate soldier.

While in high school, Ward had decided to attend Dartmouth College.   With head coach Harry Kipke's assurance that he would be given full opportunity to play football, Ward enrolled at Michigan.  Kipke had played with African-American athletes in high school and was eager to have Ward on his team.  According to John Behee, the author of a book on the history of African-American athletes at Michigan, Kipke "threatened to fight, physically fight, those alumni and fellow coaches who opposed his playing Ward."  Behee wrote that "on several occasions Kipke took off his coat and was prepared to fight with those who bitterly opposed having a Negro play for Michigan."

Ward got the opportunity to prove himself in spring football practice in May 1932. According to one account, Kipke ordered his veterans to pound Ward "without mercy" during practice. "If, at the end of the week", said Kipke, "he doesn't turn in his uniform, then I know I've got a great player."  The United Press reported on the results of spring practice: "Three young freshmen at the University of Michigan—Jerry Ford, of Grand Rapids; Russell Oliver, of Pontiac, and Willis Ward, Detroit Negro—displayed such brilliance during spring football practice that they are expected to become important cogs next fall in the Wolverine varsity eleven." Another report in July 1932 described Ward, the "giant negro," as being "the outstanding athlete becoming eligible for play."

Ward made the team in 1932 and started four games at end.  Ivy Williamson, captain of the 1932 football team, greeted Ward at the field house and told him, "If you have any problems with anybody, let me know because we're prepared to take care of them."  Reporting on his decision to play football and risk injury, the Associated Press noted: "Ward would rather win an 'M' on the gridiron than be an Olympic champion."

The 1932 Michigan Wolverines football team went 8–0, outscored its opponents 123–13, and won the national championship.

1933 track season
During the 1933 track season, Ward was so dominant that he was dubbed Michigan's "one-man track team" and became a national sensation.  He led Michigan to Big Ten championships in both indoor and outdoor track. Going into the Big Ten track meet in May 1933, Ward was expected to dominate. Coach Hoyt described Ward as "a good 'un," and praised him for his unassuming character and tolerance of the spotlight of publicity.   One report noted: "He is altogether likeable, for he always speaks without raising his voice and never protests a decision.  … Ward is a star now, but he is just finishing his first year of competition. Unless injuries hamper him it is likely he will be as great an attraction or possibly even greater than the two Negro track stars who preceded him here, DeHart Hubbard and Eddie Tolan."

Michigan won the Big Ten meet with 60½ points, with Ward individually accounting for 18 points. One writer noted that the Wolverines would have finished in second place  "without the huge, versatile negro."  At the meet, Ward won the 100-yard dash and the high jump and placed second in the 120 yard high hurdles and the broad jump.  His performance at the Big Ten meet was described as "the greatest individual performance since Carl Johnson scored 20 points for Michigan in 1918."

Even TIME magazine took note of Ward's dominating performance.  Time noted: "The other entrants in the Intercollegiates last week had reason to consider with awe another athlete who—until he helped Michigan win the Western Conference title last week, with 60½ points to Indiana's 47½ had not often been heard of outside the Midwest, except as a member of Michigan's football team. He was Willis Ward, 196-lb. Negro sophomore. At the Big Ten meet in Evanston last week. Willis Ward won the 100-yd. dash in 9.6 sec. He won the high jump, placed second in the broad jump. In the 120-yd. high hurdles, he forced Ohio State's Jack Keller to world's record time of 14.1 sec., finished a close second. The 18 points he won were what enabled Michigan to beat Indiana. They made his the most efficient individual performance in a Big Ten meet since Carl Johnson scored 20 points for Michigan in 1918. Quiet, unassuming, an above-average student of literature, Ward was the first Negro ever elected to Sphinx, Michigan's junior honor society."

At the Drake Relay Carnival in April 1933, he finished second in the 100-yard dash, narrowly losing to Ralph Metcalfe.  The 1934 Michigan yearbook, the Michiganensian, noted: "Michigan climaxed a successful season by winning the Annual Butler Relays and taking the title from Indiana. Willis Ward won the meet almost single-handed when he scored thirteen of the team's 18¾ points. In winning the 60 yard dash, the Flashy negro star equaled the recognized world mark of 6.2 seconds."  At the Big Ten indoor track championship, the Michiganensian noted that Ward, "Michigan's all around athlete, was easily the outstanding star of the meet."  Ward won the 60-yard dash, the 70-yard high hurdles and the high jump.

1933 football season
In 1933, Ward started all eight games for Michigan at right end and was a key player in Michigan's second consecutive undefeated football season and national championship.  Time magazine credited the work of Ward and halfback Herman Everhardus: "Michigan came perilously close to slipping from the top of the Big Ten, where it has been for three years. That it did not slip was largely due to a crack halfback named Herman Everhardus and to Willis Ward, a rangy Negro end. It was Ward who, after hard-fighting Illinois had marched to a touchdown in the first period, shot through and blocked the place kick which would have given Illinois a seventh point."  After the season was over, Coach Kipke also credited the play of Everhardus and his ends for the undefeated season: "Our ends, Ward and Petoskey, were near perfection."  Michigan's left end, Ted Petoskey was named a first-team All-American in 1933, and Ward earned honorable mention All-American honors at right end.

Runner up for 1933 Big Ten athlete of the year
In December 1933, Ward finished second in close balloting for the Associated Press Big Ten Athlete of the Year award. The AP reported that Duane Purvis of Purdue beat Ward "by the slender margin of two votes."  In the AP's polling of conference coaches and sports writers, 55 votes were cast, with Purvis receiving 17 votes to 15 for Ward, described by the AP as "Michigan's 'one-man track team.'"  The AP pointed to Ward's dual contributions in football and track: "Ward, in addition to his feats in track, was one of the bright stars of Michigan's championship football team this fall. Fast and rangy, he was classed as one of the finest wingmen in football. In track, he has run the century in 9.6, high jumped 6 feet 7½ inches, leaped 24 feet in the broad jump and won his share of glory in the high hurdles."

1934 track season
In 1934, Ward won the Big Ten long jump championship with a distance of 23–2¼.

1934 football season
The 1934 football season proved to be one of the low points in the school's history, both because of the team's 1–7 record, and the ugly racial incident that kept Ward out of the game against Georgia Tech. Though excluded from the Georgia Tech game, Willis started every other game—five games at right end, and two games at halfback.  Michigan scored only 21 points in the entire 1934 season, and Ward scored 12 of those points. In fact, Michigan scored nine points against Georgia Tech and Ward's 12 points were the only points scored by the Wolverines in the seven games in which Ward played.  Michigan was shut out in the first two games, before beating Georgia Tech in the season's third game. The following week, Michigan lost to Illinois, 7–6, as Ward scored Michigan's only touchdown from the line of scrimmage of the entire 1934 season. (The season's only other touchdown came on a punt return against Georgia Tech.)  Ward's touchdown came on a trick play, as fullback Johnny Regeczi passed the ball to end Mike Savage who lateraled to Ward. According to the Chicago Tribune, the lateral "enabled the fleet Negro to outfoot the Illinois secondary."  After being shut out in three games after the Illinois match, Michigan closed the season with a 13–6 loss to Northwestern. Michigan's only points against Northwestern came on two field goals by Ward.  Thus, all 12 of Michigan's 1934 points outside the Georgia Tech game were scored by Ward, without another Wolverine even having an extra point or a field goal.

1934 Georgia Tech game
Despite his many accomplishments, the event for which Ward is most remembered is the game he did not play. In 1934, Michigan had scheduled Georgia Tech as the third game of the season. After learning that Michigan had an African-American player, Georgia Tech football coach and athletic director W. A. "Bill" Alexander refused to allow his team to take the field if Ward played.  As early as the fall of 1933, Alexander wrote to Yost asking what was going to be done about Ward, asserting that his team would not take the field if Ward played.

As the game approached, word spread that Georgia Tech was insisting that Ward not play, and that the administration might capitulate to the demand. Ward's right to play became a major controversy on the campus. Mass meetings and demonstrations were held.  Some students and faculty demanded that either Ward must play or the game should be canceled.  Petitions were circulated, and formal protests were lodged with the university by the Ann Arbor Ministerial Association, the NAACP, the National Student League and many other groups.  The student newspaper, The Michigan Daily, opined: "If the athletic department forgot it had Ward on its football team when it scheduled a game with Georgia Tech, it was astonishingly forgetful; ... if it was conscious of Ward's being on the team but scheduled the game anyway, it was extraordinarily stupid."

Time magazine ran a story about the uproar on Michigan's campus: "Fifteen hundred Michigan students and faculty members signed a petition asking that the team's star end, Negro Willis Ward, be allowed to play against Georgia Tech."  According to Time, 200 "campus radicals" threatened to prevent the game from being played by standing in the middle of the field.  Rumors of a sit-down protest on the 50-yard line during the game spread across campus in the week before the game. One alumnus recalled that, the night before the game, "bonfires lit all over the campus echoed with screams of student anger, and 'Kill Georgia Tech' was heard throughout Ann Arbor."  In an attempt to thwart any attempt to disrupt the game, Yost hired a Pinkerton agent to infiltrate "The United Front Committee on Ward", a conglomerate of student organizations that supported Ward's right to play.

Athletic authorities argued that Ward should not play because it would be discourteous to Georgia Tech, and he might be injured.  There was fear that if Ward played, he would be injured by malicious blows after the play had ended.  Playwright Arthur Miller, then a writer for Michigan's student newspaper, learned first-hand about the strong resistance among the Georgia Tech team to playing on the same field with an African-American athlete. In his biography of Miller, Enoch Brater noted that Miller had friends from Arkansas who knew one of the Georgia Tech players. Brater described Miller's involvement this way: "Remmel [Miller's friend from Arkansas] took Miller with them to meet with members of the team, to protest but also to appeal to the athletes' sense of fair play. 'Miller was right in the middle of this', Remmel recalls. Not only did the visiting team rebuff 'the Yankee' Miller 'in salty language', but they told him they would actually kill Ward if he set one foot on the Michigan gridiron.  'The Georgia Tech team was wild.'  Miller was furious. He 'went immediately to the office of the Michigan Daily and wrote an article about it, but it was not published.'  . . . Remmel said that Miller 'could not believe that the Georgia Tech team would have tried to destroy Willis Ward—but, I am sure they would have.'"

In the end, Ward was not allowed to play.  But in exchange, Georgia Tech agreed to reciprocate by benching their own star end, Hoot Gibson. As his teammates faced Georgia Tech, there are conflicting reports as to Ward's whereabouts. According to Time, Ward "sat calmly in a radio booth, watched his teammates defeat the Southerners, 9-to-2, earning what turned out to be their only win of the season."  According to Behee, Ward was not even allowed to watch the game from the press box, or even from the bench of his own stadium. Instead, he spent the afternoon in a fraternity house.  A third account states that Kipke "quietly sent Willis Ward off to scout another Michigan game in Wisconsin."  The day after the Georgia Tech game was played, an editorial ran in The Michigan Daily stating "that everyone who touched (the Ward affair) did so only to lose in respect and esteem."  In Georgia, some sports journalists and fans blamed the player exchange for the loss.  Journalist Ralph McGill said "Willis Ward won the football game," arguing the loss of Gibson hurt Georgia Tech more than the loss of Ward hurt Michigan.

Gerald Ford's role in the Georgia Tech controversy
The school's refusal to play Ward in the Georgia Tech game later became part of the public legacy of President Gerald R. Ford. Ward recalled that he met "my man Jerry" during freshman orientation in 1932, and the two became friends and roommates when the football team traveled for road games. When Ford learned that the school had capitulated to Georgia Tech, some accounts indicate that he "quit the team" or threatened to quit in order "to make a statement and take a stand because Willis Ward was his friend."  Ford wrote about the Georgia Tech incident in his autobiography, recalling that he felt the decision to keep Willis out of the game was "morally wrong." "I went to Willis himself. He urged me to play.  'Look,' he said, 'the team's having a bad year. We've lost two games already and we probably won't win any more. You've got to play Saturday. You owe it to the team.'  I decided he was right. That Saturday afternoon, we hit like never before and beat Georgia Tech 9–2."  Years later, Ford wrote that the Ward incident had influenced his thinking about race. Ford noted: "His sacrifice led me to question how educational administrators could capitulate to raw prejudice."  Ford used the story to voice his support for U-M's affirmative action admissions policy saying, "Do we really want to risk turning back the clock to an era when the Willis Wards were isolated and penalized for the color of their skin, their economic standing or national ancestry?"

In 1976, Ward, then a probate court judge in Wayne County, said that Ford never mentioned the incident to him, but that Ford's brother later told him about it.  "Jerry was very concerned," Ward recalled.  "His brother told me, 'Jerry was so upset he wrote father asking him if he should quit the team. He was that angry.'"  At Ford's funeral, President George W. Bush also spoke about the Willis Ward incident. Bush said: "Long before he was known in Washington, Gerald Ford showed his character and his leadership. As a star football player for the University of Michigan, he came face to face with racial prejudice when Georgia Tech came to Ann Arbor for a football game. One of Michigan's best players was an African American student named Willis Ward. Georgia Tech said they would not take the field if a black man were allowed to play. Gerald Ford was furious at Georgia Tech for making the demand, and for the University of Michigan for caving in. He agreed to play only after Willis Ward personally asked him to. The stand Gerald Ford took that day was never forgotten by his friend. And Gerald Ford never forgot that day either and three decades later, he proudly supported the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act in the United States Congress."

Impact of Racism on Ward
Ward proved to be one of the most successful athletes in the history of the University of Michigan. He earned six varsity letters in football and track.  In track, he won Big Ten titles in the 100-yard dash in 1933; in the high jump in 1933 and 1935; in the 400 meter dash in 1933; and in the long jump in 1934.  On several occasions, Ward even beat Jesse Owens in the 100-yard dash. Because of his all-around skills, Ward was considered a likely contender for the U.S. decathlon team in the 1936 Olympics.

However, the Georgia Tech incident left Ward angry and disillusioned. He recalled that it sapped his competitive spirit. Ward considered quitting football, even writing a letter to Coach Kipke about his intentions of leaving the team. He recalled later that the refusal to let him play against Georgia Tech destroyed his will.  "It was the fact that I couldn't play in the Georgia Tech game. That all of a sudden, the practice that you just did because it was the thing to do that was good—a tremendous amount of burnt up energy—all of a sudden becomes drudgery."  His one sports highlight in 1935 was beating Jesse Owens at Yost Fieldhouse in the 60-yard dash and 65 high hurdles. Ward's times were neck-and-neck with Owens' up until the NCAA track and field championship.  He took part in the Olympic trials in 1936, but having lost his competitive drive, Ward, in his own words, did not train to his peak and failed to make the U.S. team.  "They were urging me to go out in '36," Ward recalled. "But that Georgia Tech game killed me. I frankly felt they would not let black athletes compete. Having gone through the Tech experience, it seemed an easy thing for them to say 'Well, we just won't run 'em if Hitler insists.'"  Interviewed about the incident in 1976, Ward said: "It was like any bad experience—you can't forget it, but you don't talk about it. It hurts." But Ward would eventually come to the Owens' aid.

Following the 1936 Olympics and Owens winning four gold medals, racism back home led to difficulty earning a living despite his international acclaim. Owens struggled to find work and took on menial jobs as a gas station attendant, playground janitor, and manager of a dry cleaning firm and at times resorted to racing against motorbikes, cars, trucks and horses for a cash prize.

Prohibited from making appearances at amateur sporting events, such commercial offers eventually disappeared. Willis Ward had befriended Owens, his former track competitor, while a student at the University of Michigan. In 1942, Ward worked as a director for the Ford Motor Company's "ad hoc civil rights division, serving as the liaison between black and white workers" and an advocate for African American employees in the personnel department. He invited Owens to Detroit to replace him and remained with Ford until 1946.

Later years
Willis Ward went on to earn a law degree from Detroit College of Law in 1939 and had a distinguished career as a lawyer and judge.  In 1964, Ward spoke out against Barry Goldwater and in favor of Michigan Governor George Romney as a possible Presidential candidate. In 1966, Romney appointed Willis to the Michigan Public Service Commission, the state agency responsible for regulating Michigan's public utilities; Willis became chairman of the PSC in 1969, serving in that capacity until 1973.  Ward later was elected a probate judge in Wayne County, Michigan.

Ward was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1981, as part of the fourth group inducted.

References

External links
 The Willis Ward Protests (1934)
 Nesbitt, Stephen J. (October 18, 2008) "The Forgotten Man: Remembering Michigan trailblazer Willis Ward", The Michigan Daily

1912 births
1983 deaths
American football ends
Michigan Wolverines football players
Michigan Wolverines men's track and field athletes
Detroit College of Law alumni
Michigan lawyers
Northwestern High School (Michigan) alumni
Players of American football from Detroit
African-American players of American football
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American lawyers


The Oxford Youth Theatre (OYT) is based in Oxford, England. It was founded in 1962 and established the Pegasus Theatre in 1975.

History

 1962: Oxford Youth Theatre (OYT) opened for 14- to 21-year-olds. The group was run by Roy Copeman, an ex-Air Force pilot. From the 1950s, Roy Copeman ran drama groups in East Oxford including the Gladiators, in Marston Road.  OYT take up residence in a former schools meals service kitchen in Magdalen Road in East Oxford. Their first production was A Christmas Carol.
 1966: Tiered seating for 80 built by members of OYT during the summer in the temporary buildings that are their home in Magdalen Road. They also create a box office, and crawl into the low roof to put in a lighting box. Under Milk Wood was staged. In fact, at this time the group were known as The Link. Ross was performed in December and that takings were £31 – a record.
 1967: Juno and the Paycock. And the first Glasbury course was held at Easter at Woodlands.
 1969: A drama festival was held at the youth theatre premises. Up to 15 shows a year were put on, one of which was Rookery Nook.
 1970: Fund-raising appeal launched for new building.
 1973: Pinter's The Celebration performed. The Oxford Mails review for the play as a whole was a favourable; however, it only mentioned three individuals: Polly Vincent, Roz Thomas and Heather Birch – and the reviewer said the play depended on them.
 1974: Zigger Zagger performed. David Healey was cast as Zigger Zagger. The journalist Misha Glenny took two parts. The Oxford Mail review was not good but the Oxford Times review was better and called out Graham Thomas.
 1974: Final performance in the old theatre: Oh, What a Lovely War!
 1975: Pegasus Theatre opens. Temporary buildings at the rear are still used for rehearsals. The first production on the new stage was The Royal Hunt of the Sun – Hepburn Harrison-Graham plays lead role of Atahuallpa. Old working buildings still in use behind the theatre as rehearsal and workshop spaces. Gates erected at the side of the new theatre depicting the initials of Joyce Harris an actress who was voice coach to the youth theatre members.
 1976: You Can't Take It With You – directed by Roy Copeman
 1976: Hot Summer Night – directed by Roy Copeman
 1977: Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. Hepburn Harrison-Graham plays role of Henry Drummond, Richard Self play Mathew Harrison – Brady
 1978: King Oedipus – Hepburn Harrison-Graham plays lead role of Oedipus. Oxford Mail review says: "Here is an actor of much promise, with a fine voice and commanding presence, who sustained a demanding role with considerable skill."
 1978: Gotcha by Barrie Keeffe: Tod O'Boyle plays lead role of Kid, directed by Hepburn Harrison-Graham
 1978: Roy Copeman retires. Fred Richings becomes the new head of Pegasus Theatre.
 1979: Class Enemy by Nigel Williams: directed by Hepburn Harrison-Graham
 1982: Ray Harrison Graham, regular actor and director at OYT devises and directs A Way Of Life, the story of a group of young Mods in London's East End. He recruits and trains members of the OYT to perform this piece, which plays to packed houses every night. Fred Ritchings mentors Ray, as well as designing and building the set.
 1983: Tony Davis and Simon Mellor take over as joint heads.
 1983: Ray Harrison Graham returns from Webber Douglas Drama Academy to devise and direct YOP!, a play that tells of disastrous events unfolding on a Youth Opportunities Training scheme in Thatcher's Britain. Packed houses again... Lighting Design – Dave Cosgrave. Set Builder – Barnaby Stone.
 1984: The 1982 Company give the first performance in English of Dario Fo's Mistero Buffo. Company members Annabel Arden (later Complicite), Neil Bartlett and Annie Griffen return to perform and work with OYT at the Pegasus throughout the 1980s.
 1984: First Complicite production, A Minute Too Late, rehearsed and performed at Pegasus Theatre. Complicite (Annabel Arden, Marcello Magni, Jozef Houben and Simon McBurney) also run a two-week residency at Pegasus Theatre and collaborate with OYT on Theatre Without Words. This relationship forms the model for future youth theatre projects. Complicite also run a series of workshops in local schools, including Marston Middle School, Oxford, with teacher Philip Pullman.
 1984, December: OYT perform Gas by Georg Kaiser.
 1985: January: Complicite rehearse at Pegasus Theatre.
 1985, Saturday, 23 February: Complicite perform at a benefit performance for the Miners.
 1985, March: OYT perform Vinegar Tom by Caryl Churchill.
 1985, April: The 1982 Company perform The Tempest.
 1985, 3–9 June: Black Theatre Cooperative residency at Pegasus Theatre. They run a series of workshops for the youth theatre and in local schools and perform A Raisin in the Sun, directed by Yvonne Brewster.
 1985, 4–13 July: Neil Bartlett's 1982 Company create Casasola in collaboration with OYT, based on photos from the Archivo Casasola, in Mexico City. The production tours to local schools, community centres and is also performed at the newly opened Museum of Modern Art in Oxford.
 1985, 14 July: Theatre de Complicite start a two week residency, they perform a double bill with OYT on Saturday 20 July.
 1986: OYT collaborate on Mahagonny Songspiel with Neil Bartlett, Nicholas Bloomfield and Leah Hausman (who went on to found theatre company Gloria in 1988)  in 1988).
 1985, Complicite also collaborate on two more shows with OYT: The Swindler, performed in May, and Fiesta in July. Fiesta is a benefit to raise funds for Chile.
 * Saturday, 26 April: Rose English performs Thee, thy, thou and thine at Pegasus.
 1987: Tuesday Group formed for people with learning disabilities.
 1987: Basic Theatre Company, under Ray Harrison Graham's artistic direction, perform Children of a Lesser God, with Sarah Scott in the lead role.
 1988: Simon Mellor leaves Pegasus to work in the Education Department on the South Bank and to administrate Neil Bartlett's new company Gloria.
 1989: OYT create a performance project with Gloria, using their production of Ariadne as a stimulus. Tutors include: Annie Griffen, theatre; Nicholas Bloomfield, music; and Leah Hausman and Liz Rankin, movement (DV8).
 1989: The Right Size formed. The internationally acclaimed theatre company were former OYT members.
 1990: Euton Daley joins Pegasus as Artistic Director from Greenwich Young People's Theatre in London. Pegasus commission Eisenstein – share the vision summer project with Museum of Modern Art, Oxford.
 1991: 12 companies from 13 continents performed and led workshops at Pegasus
 1992: How to Trap The Sun – OYT performance and video project looking at ways of staging myths.
 1993: Pegasus links with London International Mime Festival as satellite venue outside London.
 1994: Black Toby written by Richard Pinner, directed by Euton Daley and more than a hundred young people.
 1995: International youth exchange project between OYT and Studio Dum in Brno.
 1997: Do You Come Here Often?, successful West End transfer from Pegasus by The Right Size.
 1998: OYT and participants from Pegasus outreach projects perform Club Culture.  First in a series of showcases for local young bands Sounding Off.
 1999: OYT commission a new musical Into The Fire. Catalyst Dragon on the Roof in a double bill with OYT.
 2000: Play by Richard Pinner The Bowery. New writing festival Page to Stage includes play reading, talks and performances. Shows include premiere productions of Winnie the Witch with the newly founded Saturday Drama Club for five- to nine-year-olds designed by Korky Paul and Death and Everything After by OYT member Ben Coren.
 2001: Gelede Dance Company, founded by OYT member Menelva Harry, work with OYT on new dance piece In Becoming A Woman for International Women's Festival. First production by newly formed Junior OYT (10–13 years), The Golden Door. First production by newly formed Adult Drama Group of Our Country's Good by Timberlake Wertenbaker.
 * Peepolykus, an internationally successful physical theatre comedy company founded by former OYT member John Nicholson, work with OYT to create a Christmas show The Sanity Clause.
 2002: Pegasus provides after schools clubs for schools in East Oxford, all of whom present their work in After Hours in Pegasus stage. OYT and the Cap and Stocking Players take The Pilgrimage show to the Crearc International Youth Theatre Festival at Grenoble in France. Pegasus collaborate with Sure Start in Rose Hill to produce Love Me Tender, a moving piece about domestic violence.
 2003: New work from Gelede Dance, Sky Burial created in collaboration with music group SoundArk. John Nicholson returns to work with OYT on Sanity Clause II, based on Paul Gallico story.
 2004: Pegasus wins lottery bid of £2.7 million towards rebuilding the theatre and adding studio, rehearsal, meeting and office spaces as well as improving foyer spaces for the general public. Junior OYT involved in creating a special performance to be shown at a conference on family breakdown A Child's Voice. Former OYT member Ben Coren adapts Philip Pullman novel I was a Rat! for the stage.
 2005: OYT perform Discontented Winter: House Remix for the National Theatre's Connections Festival. OYT visit to Perm in Russia following the International Youth Festival. Sanity Clause III: Messiah inspired by Illusions by Richard Bach, created with John Nicholson.
 2006: OYT and OYD join to create an environmental performance showcase The Lorax and Other Environmental Tales. Oxford Dance Forum is launched at Pegasus and the first in a series of dance residencies with Sakoba Dance Theatre takes place.
 2007: Pegasus as a founder of the Oxford Dance Forum is co-host of the city's first ever dance festival, Dancin' Oxford 2007. Gelede Dance premiere Snake in the Geisha Palm.
 2009: Pegasus Theatre demolishes all buildings to redesign, providing better services for actors, dancers and production teams.
 2010: In September the theatre reopened with in the new building.
 2011: Pegasus celebrated its 50th anniversary in November with a year-long series of events and activities, with celebrations ending in 2012.

References

External links
 OYT news
 Pegasus Theatre, Oxford
 Butterfly Soup with Philip Pullman, BBC Oxford, 19 November 2007 – on 17 November, Philip Pullman gave a reading from a new unpublished work at an event to raise funds for the Pegasus Theatre

1962 establishments in England
Theatres in Oxford
Amateur theatre companies in England
Youth theatre companies


The Samsung YP-P2 is a flash memory-based Yepp portable media player produced and developed by Samsung Electronics.

Features
The P2  comes in four colors (black, blue, white & red) and comes in 2, 4, 8, and 16 GB variants; it has a touchscreen, Bluetooth 2.0 as well as DNSe 2.0, an FM radio, an eBook reader, a Datacasts feature, and a photo and video viewer.

Bluetooth features on the P2 include stereo headphone compatibility (A2DP) with support for multiple headphones and remote control (AVRCP), Bluetooth phone connectivity (HFP) with the ability to speak into the built-in microphone, and MTP capability allowing users to transfer files between devices supporting this protocol.

You can also customize your P2 by going to the main screen and clicking on Settings. You can configure the main menu design, fonts, background images, beep sounds, brightness, language, time, hold option, sleep time, auto power-off, set a password, as well as reverting all changes back to the default and formatting the whole device. The P2 features a fully customizable equalizer as well.

Blue Wave updates
Samsung has released firmware updates in a series called Blue Wave updates. These are created in order to add value to the player after it has been released. Samsung claims that the updates are created based on customer feedback, and that they are the company's way of expressing their care for their customers.

The first Blue Wave was released in December 2007, and included support for Bluetooth phone connectivity and Bluetooth file transfer.

A second Blue Wave update was released in late January 2008 which included FM radio recording/playback, improved touch sensitivity, as well as three games as an additional download. This firmware update, however, was recalled from Samsung's download website soon after its release, due to numerous bug reports. A bug-fix update was released two weeks after.

A beta of the third Blue Wave (v3.15) was released on March 31, 2008. Improvements over the previous version included a calculator, more UCIs, a full-screen album art view, and the ability to play games while listening to music. Fans were disappointed of the little amount of new features this "Beyond Imagination" firmware update contained.

The final version of the third Blue Wave (v4.13) was released on April 22, 2008. This version was only for bug fixes and did not offer new features.

On May 29, 2008, the first 4th Blue wave beta (v5.05) was released in Korea along with a new program (EmoDio) to replace Samsung Media Studio. This firmware update has been the biggest update for the P2 so far, containing password protection, subway maps of major cities, two new games, a touch-screen-only hold option, text viewing of TTS files using Emodio, voice recording, and 3 customizable user DNSes.

A second beta (v5.08) of the 4th Blue Wave was released on June 30, 2008. It only fixed bugs and did not add any new noticeable features. After a few days, on July 7, 2008, it was quietly renamed a final release. Fans were truly disappointed and much discussion arose concerning further Blue Waves for the P2.

The final 4th Blue Wave (V5.10) was released on September 10, 2008. It also fixed bug problems such as noise problems, page scroll error, track playback error on specific conditions, and playback noise.

Regional differences
The Korean version of the YP-P2 (UMS) includes support for lyrics, a subway map and also a dictionary. However, in most Western regions, MTP is used as the file transfer protocol. Still, other European countries offer RDS as the default. It is also possible to change from MTP to UMS and vice versa, and it is also possible to change the firmware's region.

Supplied software
Samsung Media Studio is available on the included CD-ROM, which also contains drivers and a user manual. The software is also available for download from Samsung. This software, however, is not required to use the device as it supports the Media Transfer Protocol. Now Samsung has a new program called EmoDio, which you can find at http://emodio.com/ . You can use EmoDio to create your own custom menu themes (UCIs), your own DNSes, and have fun with TTS, among many things.

Related products
The P2 clearly being its flagship product, Samsung has released a new version of the P2 with an additional port at the top to connect to an antenna and watch TV. It is called the P2 DMB or the YP-PB2, is slightly heavier, has a longer-lasting battery than the normal P2. Incorporating a DNle chip, the P2 DMB supports a higher quality screen with richer colors and crisper screens than the original. The P2 DMB comes in only black and white colors and 4 and 8 GB capacities.

Updated Version
Samsung P3 is an updated version of P2 shown in CES 2009 in Las Vegas. It features Haptic touch, animated screen saver and much brighter screen. Samsung also incorporates the DNSe 3.0 sound technology like the YP-Q1 Diamond. You can customize the main menu by being able to move around the icons. You can put them on multiple pages.

The Samsung P3 was released in the U.S. in May, 2009. It was released in Korea in January, 2009. It will retail for $150(8GB), $200(16GB), and $300(32GB).

It supports many more video codecs including DIVX within an AVI container, in addition to H.264 video. The newest firmware, version 2.10 allows it support resolutions up to 800x600.

See also
Comparison of portable media players
Yepp

External links
Samsung US Website
The Samsung Zone
Samsung YP-P2 Zone at YJzone.NET forums
Samsung P2 at abi forums

Portable media players
Touchscreen portable media players
Products introduced in 2007


Robert Specht (October 22, 1921 – January 11, 1999 in Palm Springs, CA) was an American figure skater who competed in pairs and men's singles.  He won the bronze medal in pairs with partner Joan Mitchell at the United States Figure Skating Championships in 1941 and captured the gold in men's singles the following year.  After serving in the Air Force during World War II, he skated for many years with the Ice Capades

Results
(men's singles)

(pairs with Mitchell)

References

American male pair skaters
American male single skaters
1921 births
1999 deaths
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
20th-century American people


Sagarejo () is a town in Kakheti, Georgia. It is situated  east of Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, and has the population of 10,359 (2023 census). It serves as an administrative center of Sagarejo district.

The town is traditionally considered a chief settlement of the Gare-Kakheti area (Outer Kakheti). The settlement is first mentioned in written records in the 11th century under the name of Tvali, literally meaning "an eye". Later, it came to be known as Sagarejo, i.e., "of Gareja", indicating that the area was owned by the David Gareja monastery. It acquired town status in 1962.

The fortified ruins of the ancient Ninotsminda Cathedral are located near Sagarejo.

Climate

See also
Sagarejo shooting

References

External links
 Sagarejo Municipality website.

Cities and towns in Kakheti
Tiflis Governorate


CABS may refer to:

Campus Area Bus Service, a bus system at Ohio State University
Centre for Airborne Systems
Current Awareness in Biological Sciences
Committee Against Bird Slaughter
cabs (C function)


Nancy Pinkerton Peabody (May 7, 1940 – March 4, 2010) was an American actress.

Pinkerton is perhaps best known as the original actress to play Dr. Dorian Lord on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live from 1973 to 1977, a period which would establish the character as the prime nemesis to the series' long-running heroine, Victoria Lord (portrayed after 1971 by multiple Daytime Emmy-winner Erika Slezak).

Pinkerton had previously appeared on Search for Tomorrow playing Patti Tate briefly in 1961 and then went onto star in The Edge of Night as Beth Moon Anderson Barnes from 1963 to 1967 and as Karen MacMillan on Somerset from 1970 to 1972. After One Life to Live, Pinkerton portrayed Viveca Strand on The Doctors from 1979 to 1981, Dorothy Connors  on As the World Turns from 1983 to 1984, and Helen Kennedy on Guiding Light in 1985.

She died March 4, 2010, in Westhampton, New York, of heart failure.

References

External links

1940 births
2010 deaths
American soap opera actresses
Actresses from Omaha, Nebraska
People from Westhampton, New York
21st-century American women


Manuel Leal (born June 8, 1939), better known as Tinieblas ("Darkness"), is a Mexican luchador.

Professional wrestling career
Tinieblas began as a body builder and stunt man who was spotted by luchadores Black Shadow and Dory Dixon. Impressed by Leal's physique they convinced him to begin a career as a "luchador". In 1968, "Lucha Libre" magazine editor Valente Pérez, came up with the idea of a character that would act as a rival for luchador Mil Mascaras. He created a character with a faceless hood and named him "Tinieblas" (Darkness). Perez selected the former body builder turned luchador to wrestle as that character. Tinieblas debuted as a face on August 20, 1971. He would become a large draw in Mexico and toured internationally. Tinieblas was also one of the first luchadores to tour Japan in 1974. He wrestled at 80 years old on August 18, 2019.

Comic series
Tinieblas was the second luchador (after El Santo) to have a comic book series based on his character. His first comic book was printed between 1976 and 1979. In 1991, a second series titled, "Tinieblas, El Hijo de la Noche" (Tinieblas, Son of the Night) was created. It was printed until 1995. The Tinieblas comic series was relaunched in the year 2000.

Film career
Tinieblas also made appearances in luchador films. In 1971, he starred as a member of a squadron of masked superheroes in the film '"Los Campeones Justicieros"' (The Champions of Justice). Membership in the Champions of Justice included such legendary Mexican wrestling figures as Mil Mascaras, Blue Demon, El Rayo de Jalisco Sr., El Medico Asesino, El Fantasma Blanco and Superzan. He guest-starred in many low-budget foreign series, such as Vendetta and Rederiet.

Legacy
Tinieblas debuted at a relatively old age of 32, so he never reached the same physical peak as many other popular luchadores of his generation. However, his character remains popular with young lucha libre fans, primarily due to his appearance in comic books and films. Tinieblas still wrestles occasionally and has appeared alongside his son Tinieblas Jr..

Videogames
The 2D wrestling arcade game Saturday Night Slam Masters released by Japanese game company Capcom in 1993 featured a final boss character called "El Escorpión" (The Scorpion), whose appearance was inspired by Tinieblas. The character's name in the original Japanese edition of the game was "The Astro" (アストロ, Asutoro).

Filmography
 Los Campeones justicieros (The Champions of Justice) (1971) (credited)
 Superzan el invencible (Superzan the Invincible) (1971)
 Una rosa sobre el ring (A Rose in the Ring) (1973) co-starring Mil Mascaras
 El Castillo de las momias de Guanajuato (The Castle of the Mummies of Guanajuato) (1973)
 Leyendas macabras de la colonia (Macabre Legends of the Colony) (1974) (co-starring Mil Mascaras)
  Las Momias de San Ángel (The Mummies of San Angel) (1975)
 El Investigador Capulina (Investigator Capulina) (1975)
 El Puño de la muerte (Santo in "Fist of Death") (1982) co-starring Santo
 La Furia de las karatecas (Santo in "Fury of the Karate Experts") (1982) co-starring Santo

Championships and accomplishments
World Wrestling Association
WWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Lucha de Apuesta record

Footnotes

References

General sources - Championship Information

General sources - Career

Specific

1939 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Mexico City
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers


This is a list of motorcycles produced by Benelli.

Motorcycle Models (incomplete)

Pre-World War II (1919–1940)

Post-World War II

Post De-Tomaso Era Bikes

Minicycle Models (incomplete)

Moped Models (incomplete)

See also
List of Bimota motorcycles
List of Moto Guzzi motorcycles

References

External links
 Benelli official website
 Officine Benelli - Benelli Heritage

Lists of motorcycles by brand


The Thomaston Central Historic District is a historic district in the town of Thomaston, Alabama, United States.  Thomaston was founded in 1901, the same year that the B.S. & N.O. Railroad, now CSX Transportation, went through the town.  The historic district features examples of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture and is roughly bounded by Chestnut Street, Sixth Avenue, Seventh Avenue, Short Street, and the railroad.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Marengo County, Alabama
Historic districts in Marengo County, Alabama
Colonial Revival architecture in Alabama
Queen Anne architecture in Alabama
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama


The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is Australia's national agency for information and statistics on Australia's health and welfare. Statistics and data developed by the AIHW are used extensively to inform discussion and policy decisions on health, community services and housing assistance. Under Australia's constitution, health and welfare services are primarily delivered by the states and territories, who are also mainly responsible for the collection of statistics on these services. A fundamental aim of the institute is to promote consistency among national, state and territory statistics, in order to produce comprehensive national data of the highest standard.

The AIHW is an Australian Government statutory agency established under the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Act 1987. The Act contains very strong confidentiality protections for all data held, and requires the AIHW to publish two key biennial reports in alternate years: Australia's health and Australia's welfare. Numerous other reports are produced each year, all of which are available free of charge on the AIHW website.

In 2016, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the National Hospital Performance Authority merged.

References

Medical and health organisations based in Australia


Vijay Eswaran (born 7 October 1960) is a Malaysian businessman and the executive chairman of the QI Group, headquartered in Hong Kong.

Early life
Eswaran was born in Penang, Malaysia to Penangite Indian parents of minority Ceylonese Tamil descent, namely Pushpavathy Chinnaiah, a teacher and Vijayaratnam Saravanamuthu, founder of the Malaysian Hindu Youth Organisation. Vijay has a younger brother named Vignesh.

Vijay Eswaran financed his tertiary education in the UK  by working as a cab driver. After graduating with a degree in socio-economics from LSE (London School of Economics) in 1984, he traveled around Europe for a year, where he did a series of odd jobs. During his travels he spent over a month in a Franciscan monastery, where he took a 33-day vow of silence. This experience stands at the core of his first book, In the Sphere of Silence. In 1985, he returned to the UK, where he learned about binary system marketing and obtained professional qualification from CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants). In 1986 he traveled to the US where he obtained an MBA from the Southern Illinois University in 1986. He was involved in multilevel marketing (MLM) on a part-time basis while working for Systematics, a subsidiary of IBM.

When he returned to Malasia after 13 years he was approached by the Cosway Group to start its Philippines business, after which he began looking at the direct selling industry more seriously.

Career
In 1998, after his return to Asia, he co-founded a direct selling company that grew and expand into QI Group, an e-commerce based conglomerate with businesses in travel, media, telecommunications, luxury products, wellness, training, and corporate investments. QI Group has regional offices in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia and a presence in nearly 10 countries through a wide range of subsidiary companies.

Books
 In the Sphere of Silence (2005)
 In the Thinking Zone (2010)
 18 Stepping Stones (2011)
 On the Wings of Thought (2011)
 Two Minutes from the Abyss (2016)

Controversies

In March 2006 Vijay Eswaran, and his business partners Joseph Bismark, Tagumpay Kintanar and Donna Marie Imson were accused of allegedly defrauding two Filipinos of more than $100,000 in the Gold Quest pyramid scheme. They were charged before the Quezon City Regional Trial Court of syndicated estafa, which was a non-bailable offence on the basis of a criminal complaint. In April 2006 Judge Bayani Vargas ordered the issuance of arrest warrants against the four accused. The Department of Justice, Office of the City Prosecutor later dropped the charges following a Jakarta courts dismissal of the extradition request from the National Bureau of Investigation and citing it to be a civil liability and not a criminal case.

In May 2007 a dispute in Manila, Philippines filed by two former partners of the original founding team escalated to an alleged 'offence' leading to an Interpol Red alert listing the four directors. Interpol put out a warrant for their arrest and the case was fought out substantially in the courts of Manila and Jakarta. The Goldquest executives had asked the Philippines Supreme Court to stop the Quezeon City Regional Court trial pending resolution of a petition for review. After three weeks, Indonesian courts released Vijay Eswaran; a Manila court dismissed the charge soon afterward.

As per the order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the FIRs are being stayed on the grounds mentioned in the Writ Petition. The petition explains that the business model followed by Vihaan Direct Selling (India) Pvt. Ltd is not a money circulation scheme as alleged and does not fall under the purview of the Prize Chits and Money Circulation (Banning) Act 1978. The petition further states that the business of Vihaan is compliant with all legal requirements of conducting business in India.

A 2003 charge against Gold Quest for its fraudulent activities in Chennai, India, reached the Supreme Court, which in 2014 allowed the quashing of the proceedings. The Supreme Court appointed a one-man commission, a retired Judge of the Madras High Court, to settle all legitimate claims of around 200 depositors.

In 2009 money circulation charges were brought against Gold Quest by Tamil Nadu police. The Chennai Enforcement Directorate, attached Gold Quest properties worth 150 crore to the case under Prevention of Money Laundering Act. There was a Red Corner notice issued for Eswaran's arrest. In an interview about the charges, Vijay Eswaran has denied any wrongdoing. Qnet has also stated that Vijay Eswaran is neither director, nor shareholder of Qnet's franchise in India (Vihaan Direct Selling Pvt. Ltd.).

In August 2013, Times of India reported that Vijay Eswaran was being investigated by the Economic Offences wing in regards to Qnet, which he founded. The Economic Offences Wing issued lookout notice against Eswaran and a few others, after he failed to appear before the authorities for questioning. Police have frozen six of Qnet's bank accounts in the country. QNet has refuted the allegations fully in stating that its operations are legal, compliant and transparent.

In 2014 the Enforcement Directorate in 2014 has alleged money laundering against Vijay Eswaran and his company Qnet. This allegation has been refuted by both the company QNet and Vijay Eswaran.

In 2016, after 3 years of probe, the Economic Offences Wing of the Mumbai Police issues lookout notices against 30 people in connection with the Qnet Scam. As founder of Qnet, Vijay Eswaran was featured as the key accused in the case.

In February 2018 Qnet was prosecuted for fraud and forgery at trial court of Labe, Somalia, later the proceedings were halted and charges dropped.

Personal life
He is married to Umayal Eswaran who is the Chairperson of the Vijayaratnam Foundation, which is CSR initiatives of the QI Group.

References

External links
 Vijay Eswaran Official Site
 QI Group

Alumni of the London School of Economics
Malaysian businesspeople
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Sri Lankan Tamil descent
Malaysian people of Tamil descent
People from Penang
Living people
1960 births
Southern Illinois University alumni


Ross Priory is an early 19th-century country house located west of Gartocharn, West Dunbartonshire, on the south shore of Loch Lomond, Scotland. From the 14th century the estate, known as The Ross, was owned by a branch of the Buchanan family of Buchanan Castle, who built a house here in 1695. The present house is the result of remodelling by James Gillespie Graham and was complete in 1816. The term "priory" does not imply ecclesiastical provenance, but is simply a 19th-century romantic affectation. Sir Walter Scott spent time at Ross Priory in the years following the rebuilding. It was owned by subsequent members of the Leith-Buchanan family until the later 20th century. In 1973 it was sold to Strathclyde University and now serves as a recreational and conference centre.

Ross Priory is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.

History

The history of Ross Priory began with the Buchanan Clan during the 11th century. A dwelling is known to have existed on the site from as early as 1693. It is reported that in 1745 the Buchanans were cursed by the Marquess of Tullibardine, who, in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden asked James Leith-Buchanan, 5th of Ross, for shelter at the Priory but was instead betrayed and given over to King George's men. Tullibardine cursed them with the utterance:

 "There will be Murrays on the Braes of Atholl land when there’s ne’er a Buchanan at the Ross.”

The Marquess's curse came to pass when, in 1925, the Leith-Buchanan's male line finally died out and the house was leased to Major George J.H. Christie, a veteran of World War I, remaining in the family's possession until shortly after the Major's death. Christie was responsible for the development and cultivation of the Priory's surrounding gardens. The Priory was sold to the University of Strathclyde in 1971, .

Architecture

Ross Priory has been described as a Scottish Gothic style country house. It was designed in 1812 by Dunblane-born architect James Gillespie Graham (1776–1855) as an extensive remodelling of the site's existing farmhouse. Ross Priory comprises approximately  of land and includes a formal garden, parkland, a burial ground and golf course.

Famous visitors

Sir Walter Scott is said to have taken inspiration for his Waverley Novels from impressions formed during annual visits to the Priory. A room on the first floor is named for him.

Current use
Ross Priory is now commonly used for meetings and entertainment by staff and graduates of Strathclyde University, as well as being a wedding venue. Its surrounding gardens, woodlands and parkland are open as part of Scotland's Gardens Scheme. There are 11 en suite bedrooms within the house, each of which are let on a bed & breakfast basis. Dinner is available by prior reservation. There is also a self-catering cottage on the loch shore which is let per week or for a 3 night weekend.

Notes

References

External links
Ross Priory Club, University of Strathclyde

Houses in West Dunbartonshire
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
Category A listed buildings in West Dunbartonshire
James Gillespie Graham buildings
Houses completed in 1816
1816 establishments in Scotland


Burnita Shelton Matthews (December 28, 1894 – April 25, 1988) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. She was the first woman appointed to serve on a United States District Court.

Early life and education

Matthews was born Burnita Shelton in Burnell, (an unincorporated community in Claiborne County), Mississippi, on December 28, 1894. Her father was a planter and chancery court judge. She had a brother, John L. Shelton. After attending local schools, she went to the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, as her father wanted her to be able to support herself by teaching music. Her brother was sent to law school.

During World War I, she moved to Washington, D.C., took the civil service exam, and gained a position at the Veterans Administration. In 1917 she enrolled in the night school of the National University Law School (today the George Washington University Law School). She received a Bachelor of Laws in 1919, a Master of Laws in 1920 and passed the District of Columbia bar exam the same year. She married lawyer Percy A. Matthews.

Career

Matthews met with resistance; she was rejected by male professional lawyers' associations, and the District of Columbia Bar Association returned her application and check for dues. Matthews and other women formed their own professional associations, including the Woman's Bar Association of the District of Columbia and the National Association of Women Lawyers.

After the VA told her they would never hire a woman lawyer for their legal department, she founded the law firm of Matthews, Berrien, and Greathouse with two other women attorneys, who were also National Woman's Party members and would remain in private practice of law from 1920 until her appointment to the federal bench in 1949.

Matthews worked closely with the suffragist National Woman's Party, serving as the organization's counsel starting in 1921. She represented the party in its effort to prevent condemnation of its Washington headquarters by the federal government; the land was condemned in order for the United States Supreme Court Building to be constructed on the site. Matthews successfully obtained the largest condemnation settlement awarded by the United States Government at the time, $299,200.

Additionally, Matthews was associate editor of the Women Lawyer's Journal from 1934 to 1935. She was a professor of the Washington College of Law at American University in Washington, D.C. from 1933 to 1939 and from 1942 to 1948.

Federal judicial service

Matthews received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman on October 21, 1949, to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, to a new seat created by 63 Stat. 493, becoming the first woman to serve on a United States District Court. She was nominated to the same seat by President Truman on January 5, 1950. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 4, 1950, and received her commission on April 7, 1950. She assumed senior status on March 1, 1968. Her service was terminated on April 25, 1988, due to her death in Washington, D.C.

Notable cases

Matthews heard several newsworthy cases, including the passport denial of actor Paul Robeson and the 1956 bribery trial of Jimmy Hoffa, prominent Teamster official.

See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
List of first women lawyers and judges in Washington D.C.

References

External links

 Burnita Shelton Matthews Papers.Schlesinger Library , Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

1894 births
1988 deaths
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
United States district court judges appointed by Harry S. Truman
20th-century American judges
George Washington University Law School alumni
American suffragists
American women's rights activists
20th-century American lawyers
People from Claiborne County, Mississippi
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
20th-century American women lawyers
20th-century American women judges
Equal Rights Amendment activists


Nausicaá Centre National de la Mer () is a public aquarium located in Boulogne-sur-Mer in northern France. It is the largest public aquarium of Europe.

Nausicaa is described as a centre of scientific and technical discovery of the marine environment, focusing primarily on the relationship between man and the sea.

History

The idea for the aquarium started when Guy Lengagne, then mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer, wanted to repurpose an old casino. In 1982, oceanographers Philippe Vallette, Stéphane Henard, and Christophe Liacopoulos were tasked with a preliminary study, and eventually with implementing the project.

In 1984 a non-profit association was created for the aquarium, and Jacques Rougerie was selected as architect for the facility. In 1986 France selected the project as one of its major urban development projects and it was renamed the National Sea Centre. The European Union contributed half of the FF140 million required to finance the project, and bids to build the project were solicited.

Construction started in 1987 and was finished by early 1991 when the National Sea Centre Development Company was created. The centre was renamed again to Nausicaa (a Homeric princess from Greek mythology), and was opened on 18 May 1991. The first jellyfish arrived at the aquarium in 1994, and the first temporary exhibition, “The Sea and the Child,” was opened in 1995.  The entrance hall is embellished by the large scale painting Corrida (The Matador) by Pascal Lecocq.

A major expansion of the facility in 1998 doubled the exhibition area to  in order to add about 10,000 animals, including California sea lions, and a Tropical Lagoon Village with sharks and coral reefs.

In 1999, Nausicaa was designated a Centre of Excellence by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission for its outreach programmes. In 2002 it obtained the "Tourism & Disability" label, and the World Ocean Network was created.

2003 saw the arrival of the first spectacled caimans in the Submerged Tropical Forest. This space was incorporated into the  “World House” in early 2005, which aims to make people think about their consumer habits. In 2006 another expansion added space for a permanent exhibition called “Steer South.” The aquarium welcomed its first African penguins, though its first penguin hatching was not until 2010.

In 2007, Nausicaa welcomed its ten millionth visitor. In 2008, it opened a new interactive multimedia exhibit called “Planet Nausicaa,” as well as exhibitions that focus on Madagascar and the Mozambique Canal.

In 2018, the largest expansion for Nausicaa in its history happened with a large new gallery named "The High Seas". This new gallery includes a huge  tank for pelagic fish. In full, the new expansion increases the size of the aquarium from  to  in size. Meanwhile, the original exhibits have been grouped into a gallery known as "Mankind and Shores".

Exhibits

Until the 2018 expansion, the exhibit area was about , and included the following main exhibits:

Shark Aquarium
Tropical Lagoon
Sea Lion Reserve
Tactile Pool
World Ocean
Submerged Forest
Penguin Beach

With "The High Sea" expansion that opened in 2018, the exhibit area tripled in size. "The High Sea" is centered on the huge  tank for large pelagic fish such as manta rays, oceanic sunfish and scalloped hammerheads. The pelagic tank measures about , has an  long  shark tunnel and a  viewing window.

Animal medicine

In October 2008, Nausicaa worked with a veterinary surgeon who specialises in sharks for the first successful surgery on a grey nurse shark. On 14 November 2008, Nausicaa was awarded first prize for medical training in the care of sea lions at the IMATA (International Marine Animal Trainers Association) annual conference, which took place in Cancun, Mexico.

Conservation

The aquarium is part of the European “Mr Goodfish” campaign (launched in France in 2010) in association with the Acquario di Genova in Italy and the Aquarium Finisterrae in Spain, under the aegis of the World Ocean Network. This project tries to encourage people to take an active part in preserving marine resources.

Several books have been published by the aquarium, including “Secrets des abysses” by Christine Causse and Philippe Vallette published by Fleurus, and “Madagascar, L’ile Océan” by Christine Causse and Philippe Vallette, photographs by Alexis Rosenfeld, published by Autrement.

Notes

Notes

External links

Aquaria in France
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Buildings and structures in Pas-de-Calais
Tourist attractions in Hauts-de-France
Tourist attractions in Pas-de-Calais
Organizations based in Hauts-de-France


The discography of Atreyu, an American metalcore band, consists of eight studio albums, one compilation album, four extended plays, thirty-two singles, five promotional single and thirty-one music videos.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Extended plays

Singles

Promotional singles

Other charted songs

Music videos

Notes

References

External links
 Official website
 Atreyu at AllMusic

Discographies of American artists
Heavy metal group discographies
Post-hardcore group discographies


Radu Doicaru (born 26 February 1979) is a Romanian former football player who currently is a manager at youth level.

External links

1979 births
Living people
People from Mangalia
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Liga I players
Liga II players
FCV Farul Constanța players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
FC Callatis Mangalia players
Sportspeople from Constanța County


Wild River Dam or Herberton Dam is a dam about  northeast of Herberton, Queensland on Moomin Road.

References

Reservoirs in Queensland
Buildings and structures in Far North Queensland
Dams in Queensland


Upconversion, upconverter, or upconverting may refer to:

 Scaling of a video signal to higher resolution
 Up- and down-conversion of analog signals (heterodyning)
 Photon upconversion
 Block upconverter


Suzanne Lummis is a poet, influential teacher, arts organizer and impresario in Los Angeles.  She is associated with the poem noir, as well as the sensibility for which she is a major exponent–a literary incarnation of performance poetry–the Stand-up Poetry of the 80s and 90s.  She is also grouped with “The Fresno Poets.”

Family Background
Suzanne Lummis was born in San Francisco and grew up in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.

On her father's side, Suzanne is the granddaughter of Charles Fletcher Lummis, first City Editor of The Los Angeles Times, a position he took on in 1885 after walking across the country from Ohio.  He rose to fame as an Indian rights activist, early champion and preservationist of Southern California's Spanish heritage, and author of several books defining and describing the American Southwest.  He founded the Southwest Museum, which opened in 1907.

Her parents, Keith Lummis and Hazel McCausland, met in the San Francisco office of the U. S. Secret Service, back when the agency was under the auspices of the U. S. Treasury Department.  Keith was a Secret Service agent, and Hazel was the third woman ever to be hired into the office of the Secret Service in the position of secretary.

Career
She received her MA from CSU Fresno, where she studied with Philip Levine, Peter Everwine and Chuck Hanzlicek.

Suzanne Lummis, together with Sherman Pearl, founded The Los Angeles Poetry Festival. Under her directorship the festival produced nine citywide series of readings between 1989 and 2011, culminating with the 25-event citywide series, “Night and the City: L.A. Noir in Poetry, Fiction and Film,” which featured notable authors, scholars and film preservationists such as Robert Polito, James Ellroy, Eddie Muller and Alan Rode, and crime fiction author Gary Phillips, along with many regional poets.

Since 1991, she has taught various levels of poetry workshops through the UCLA Extension Writers’ Program, including special focus classes she developed, “Exploring Other Voices: Writing the Persona Poem,” “The Complete Poet: Vulnerability, Sexuality, Sense of Humor,” “The Art of Craft,” and “Poetry Goes to the Movies: The Poem Noir.”

Lummis's seminal work comingling poetry and film noir has helped to define the poem noir motif—a sensibility that fuses urban grit and urbane wit, and that draws upon film noir's tales of crime and human fallibility but also its striking dialog and starkly beautiful visual compositions.  Her defining essay “The Poem Noir, Too Dark to be Depressed” appeared in the Winter 2012-13 issue of New Mexico's Malpais Review, for which she is California correspondent, and she has poems in the 2013 “Noir Issue” of the literary magazine Contrappasso, from Sydney, Australia, the 2014 anthology of crime fiction and noir poems, Noir Riot, published by NoirCon and Gutter Books, and in the "Vers Noir" section of the Knopf anthology, Killer Verse: Poems of Murder and Mayhem, edited by Kurt Brown.  In his KCET column showcasing Open 24 Hours under the title “Four Iconic Books in the Landscape of L.A. Letters,” Mike Sonksen dubbed her "a poetic Raymond Chandler."

Her full-length poetry collections include Idiosyncrasies (Illuminati), In Danger (California Poetry Series/Heyday Books), and Open 24 Hours, which won the 2013 Blue Lynx Prize for Poetry and was published in fall 2014 by Lynx House Press.  Individual poems have appeared in The Antioch Review, Hotel Amerika, The Hudson Review, The New Ohio Review, The New Yorker, and Ploughshares.

Lummis also has a theater background and is a founding and present member of the serio-comic performance troupe Nearly Fatal Women, which has appeared at The Knitting Factory in New York, Knox College in Illinois, Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center, MOCA in Los Angeles, and various other performance venues.

Lummis' video series on the poem noir, They Write by Night, is produced by Poetry.LA. This series explores film noir and poets influenced by the style and sensibility of those early black and white crime movies. Each episode follows a theme, with titles such as "Damaged Women," "Separating the Dark from the Light," and "Are the Femmes Fatale?"

In his one-thousand word entry on her for The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Poets and Poetry, literary critic Richard Silberg wrote, “as poet, performer, editor, teacher and poet impresario, Suzanne Lummis has been, for more than two decades, one of the most distinctive and influential poets in Los Angeles.”

Awards and recognition
 Drama-Logue Awards for playwriting, 1987, 1989
 The UCLA Extension Outstanding Instructor Award in Creative Writing, 1996
 WriteGirl's “Bold Ink Award” in the award's first year, 2007
 Beyond Baroque's “Spirit of California Series Spotlights Suzanne Lummis” (“an evening celebrating her contributions as poet, teacher and literary instigator”), 2008
 Selected by The National Endowment for the Arts as one of 45 writers to represent the City at the Guadalajara International Book Fair in the year the Fair celebrated the literary legacy of Los Angeles, 2009.
 Women in Theater's “Red Carpet Award” (recognition for performance and contributions to the performance arena), 2012
 CSU Fresno Gala Reception Celebrating Appointment of Philip Levine as U.S. Poet Laureate—Suzanne Lummis as an alumnus speaker and presenter, 2012
 Blue Lynx Poetry Prize from Lynx House Press, for her manuscript Open 24 Hours, 2013
 Beyond Baroque's George Drury Smith Award, honoring the quintessential poets of the City, 2015
 COLA (City of Los Angeles) Fellowship, 2018-19. This award acknowledges exceptional mid-career artists and writers who have a history of engagement with the city. It comes with an endowment to make possible the creation of a new body of work.

References

Sources
 Visions & Affiliations: A California Literary Time Line Part Two, Pantograph Press, by Jack Foley, 2011
 Hold-Outs: The Los Angeles Poetry Renaissance, 1948-1992 (Contemporary North American Poetry), U of Iowa Press, by Bill Mohr
 Poetry Los Angeles: Reading the Essential Poems of the City, U of Michigan Press, by Lawrence Goldstein, 2014:  Introduction, pp 11–17.

External links
 Los Angeles Public Library: "Noir Goldilocks," Interview with Suzanne Lummis
 Interlitq: Interview with Suzanne Lummis
 In Conversation with Suzanne Lummis - Poets' Quarterly
 Open 24 Hours: An Interview With Suzanne Lummis - La Bloga
 L.A. Dispatch: Suzanne Lummis's True Grit Poetry of Los Angeles - poetryfoundation.org
 Suzanne Lummis at the Writers' Program Publication Party 2014 - vimeo.com

1951 births
Living people
California State University, Fresno alumni
American poets
American women poets
21st-century American women


Venkatesan Guruswami (born 1976) is a senior scientist at the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing and Professor of EECS and Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.  He did his high schooling at Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan in Chennai, India. He completed his undergraduate in Computer Science from IIT Madras and his doctorate from Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Madhu Sudan in 2001. After receiving his PhD, he spent a year at UC Berkeley as a Miller Fellow, and then was a member of the faculty at the University of Washington from 2002 to 2009. His primary area of research is computer science, and in particular on error-correcting codes. During 2007–2008, he visited the Institute for Advanced Study as a Member of School of Mathematics. He also visited SCS at Carnegie Mellon University during 2008–09 as a visiting faculty.  From July 2009 through December 2020 he was a faculty member in the Computer Science Department in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.

Recognition
Guruswami was awarded the 2002 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award for his dissertation List Decoding of Error-Correcting Codes, which introduced an algorithm that allowed for the correction of errors beyond half the minimum distance of the code. It applies to Reed–Solomon codes and more generally to algebraic geometry codes. This algorithm produces a list of codewords (it is a list-decoding algorithm) and is based on interpolation and factorization of polynomials over  and its extensions.

He was an invited speaker in International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad on the topic of "Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science."

Guraswami was one of two winners of the 2012 Presburger Award, given by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science for outstanding contributions by a young theoretical computer scientist.
He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2017, as an IEEE Fellow in 2019, and to the 2023 class of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, "for contributions to the theory of computing and error-correcting codes, and for service to the profession".

Selected publications

See also
Guruswami–Sudan list decoding algorithm

References

External links
 Venkatesan Guruswami's Homepage

1976 births
Living people
Scientists from Chennai
Indian computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
IIT Madras alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan schools alumni
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society


Florin Matache (born 3 August 1982) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Honours
Dinamo București
Liga I: 2006–07
Supercupa României runner-up : 2007

Concordia Chiajna
Cupa Ligii runner-up: 2015–16

Flacăra Horezu
Liga III: 2017–18

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Bucharest
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
CSO Plopeni players
FC Dinamo București players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
CS Otopeni players
FC Universitatea Cluj players
CS Sportul Snagov players
SCM Râmnicu Vâlcea players
CS Concordia Chiajna players
LPS HD Clinceni players
AFC Turris-Oltul Turnu Măgurele players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Liga III players


Victor Hugo Mafla Vergara (born 7 January 1974) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Categoría Primera A players
América de Cali footballers
Deportes Quindío footballers
Cortuluá footballers
Independiente Santa Fe footballers
Cúcuta Deportivo footballers
Club Alianza Lima footballers
Atlético Bucaramanga footballers
Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players
Deportivo Táchira F.C. players
C.D. FAS footballers
A.D. Chalatenango footballers
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in China
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Venezuela
Expatriate men's footballers in Venezuela
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
People from Palmira, Valle del Cauca
Footballers from Valle del Cauca Department
Footballers at the 1995 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Colombia
Pan American Games medalists in football
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
20th-century Colombian people
21st-century Colombian people


Return Creek Dam (Top Dam) is located about 9 km North East of Mount Garnet, Queensland and about 46 km West of Ravenshoe, Queensland. It was constructed for mining purposes within the Return (Nanyeta) Creek.

The Return Creek dam (not to be confused with Eastine Creek dam) was built in the early 1900s on the Return Creek, to supply the township of Mount Garnet and the copper and silver mine of a water supply. This dam was a large construction of logs and was still in use until, in 1967, when a large flood decimated it causing an evacuation of lower lying areas of the township. The dam was too far damaged to repair so the logs were cleared to allow Return Creek to flow freely. A new water supply for Mount Garnet was sourced elsewhere.

The dredging company of Tableland Tin constructed a different dam (Eastine Creek dam) in the 1930s to supply their mine houses of a water supply, as well as for their tin processing. This area is called Tabo and is just over a kilometer from Mount Garnet. This dam is situated on Eastine Creek and still supplies Tabo with water. Eastine Creek runs into Return Creek. Return Creek then flows into the Herbert River. Nanyeta is the aboriginal name for the creek, which means Return.

References

Reservoirs in Queensland
Buildings and structures in Far North Queensland
Dams in Queensland


Mentallo is a Marvel Comics character.

Mentallo may also refer to:

Flex Mentallo, a DC Comics character
Mentallo and the Fixer, an American industrial music band
Mentallo, a Canadian professional wrestler

See also
Metallo, a DC Comics character


The Benelli Sei is a series of motorcycles that were produced by Italian manufacturer Benelli, and masterminded by automotive designer Alejandro de Tomaso, from 1973 to 1989. Two models were made, with 750 and 900 cc displacement. The 750 was the first production motorcycle with a six-cylinder engine.

Benelli 750 Sei
The Benelli 750 Sei was the first production motorcycle with a 6-cylinder engine and had two model releases. De Tomaso intended it to become Italy's premier sporting motorcycle and wanted it badged as a Moto Guzzi. On its launch, it received tremendous publicity overshadowing all other Italian bikes of that year. It started the trend of angular designed motorcycles moving away from traditional round forms.

The engine was based on the four-cylinder Honda CB500, but with two extra cylinders. The cylinder head fins of the Sei were squared off to provide a cosmetic individuality, but otherwise the engine is in most respects obviously derived from the Honda. The "angular, bold design" was by Carrozzeria Ghia. It produced  at 9,000 rpm, had a top speed of around  and was one of the smoothest European tourers.

Despite the extra cylinders, the Sei's width was kept to a minimum by siting the alternator (which, on the Honda, is at the left-hand end of the crankshaft) behind the cylinders. Cooling was improved by having air passages between the cylinders; the Sei had three Dell'Orto VHB 24 mm carburetors (the Honda CB 500 had four, for four cylinders). The vehicle  appeared to reviewers as heavy and cumbersome but handled surprisingly well, and had a unique signature exhaust note from its six mufflers.

 Production Frame numbers started at 5000.
 Production figures were as follows ;
                                           Series 1  .  1974   293     #5001-5293
                                                        1975 1,479    from # 5294
                                           Series 1 ,2  1976    87    from # 6774
                                           Series 2     1977   283    from # 6861
                                                        1978 1,058    from # 7145

Sei 900
Series 1      1978     23   # 100001- 100023
Series 1      1979    515   # 100024- and up
Series 1/2    1980    322   # 100539- and up
Series 2      1981    312   # 100861- and up
Series 2/3    1982    176   # 101174- and up
Series 3      1983     26   # 101351- and up
Series 3      1984    106   # 101377- and up
Series 3      1985     25   # 101484- and up
Series 4      1986    200   # 101510- and up
Series 4      1987     88   # 101710- and up
Series 4      1988      0   # 101798- and up
Series 4      1989     85   # 101799- and up
Total production     1878

The Benelli 750 Six / 900 Six remained the only six-cylinder motorcycle in production until the entrance of the Honda CBX in 1978.

Benelli 900 Sei

In 1979, by which time Benellli had sold 3,200 vehicles, Benelli developed the 750 Sei into a 900 cc motorcycle by increasing bore and stroke,
with six-into-two exhausts and a small bikini fairing taken from the Moto Guzzi Le Mans. Less than 2,000 were made over four model releases. Described at the time as "outrageous" or a "flashbike".  Flashbikes tended to be "rare, expensive, European, quirky, handsome and high performance". It had an original MSRP of $3,995.

It was later released under the "Sei Sport" name, with a larger bikini fairing.

See also
List of Benelli motorcycles

References

External links
 Motorcycle Classics article on Benelli 750 Sei

750 Sei
Six-cylinder motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1972
Standard motorcycles
Sport touring motorcycles


USS Tazewell (APA/LPA-209) was a  in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1973.

History
Tazewell was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type and was named for Tazewell County, Illinois and Tazewell County, Virginia. She was laid down on 2 June 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 557, by Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard No. 2, Richmond, California; launched on 22 August 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Samuel I. Rosenman; and commissioned on 25 October 1944.

World War II
Following her shakedown cruise in the San Pedro-San Diego, California, area, Tazewell arrived at Seattle, Washington, on Christmas Day 1944, and began loading troops and supplies. On 2 January 1945, the transport got underway for Hawaii where she embarked garrison troops for the Palau Islands and steamed onward. She arrived off Peleliu on 31 January. After offloading all cargo and debarking the troops, she joined a Philippine-bound convoy which sortied for Leyte on 6 February, and arrived in San Pedro Bay three days later.

Invasion of Okinawa

Tazewell was assigned to Transport Squadron 17, which became a unit of Task Group 51.1 for the Okinawa invasion. The transport loaded troops and supplies and participated in amphibious training exercises for the forthcoming operation. On 21 March, the task group sortied for Kerama Retto and arrived off that island on the morning of 26 March. All boats were lowered into the water at 05:30, and the assault troops stormed ashore at 08:00. They met almost no opposition but the ships came under air attack shortly after 06:30 and were forced to remain at general quarters all day.

The task group was steaming in night retirement on 3 April, when it was ordered to proceed to a waiting area approximately  southeast of Okinawa. It arrived there on 4 April, and remained until 13 April. Tazewell and six other APA's left the formation that morning and returned to Hagushi Anchorage, Okinawa, the next day. On the morning of 16 April, the transport got underway for Ie Shima and, at 06:10, launched her boats for the beaches. She departed at 16:00 that afternoon but returned the next day to complete unloading her cargo.

At 22:00 hours on 27 April, a kamikaze plane crashed into a liberty ship some  off the Tazewells port bow. Tazewell promptly lowered her outboard boats to pick up survivors from the disabled ship which sank in just eight minutes. Since many other boats were also in the water, Tazewells boats picked up only seven survivors whom they took to the hospital ship . The other boats rescued many more survivors, minimizing the loss of life.

On 30 April, Tazewell received orders to proceed to the Mariana Islands, and she arrived at Saipan on 5 May. On 22 May, she stood out of Saipan en route to the United States and arrived at San Francisco on 6 June. Two days later, she moved up the coast to Seattle for a three-week yard availability period. She departed Seattle on 27 June, bound for the Marianas, and arrived at Tinian on 14 July. By the next morning, the attack transport had debarked all her troops and had unloaded her cargo. She shifted to Saipan that afternoon.

Post-war
On 16 July, the ship sailed independently for the West Coast, and she arrived at San Francisco 14 days later. Hostilities with Japan ended while the transport was in dry dock at San Pedro; but, when the ship was ready for sea, she was ordered to the Philippine Islands.

Tazewell arrived at Manila on 18 September, and waited four days for orders to unload. On 22 September, she was routed to Lingayen Gulf where she debarked passengers and unloaded cargo. The ship returned to Manila on 24 September; loaded cargo and 8th Army troops; joined Transport Squadron 19 at Legaspi Harbor on 2 October; and sortied for Japan two days later.

Operation Magic Carpet
Tazewell remained at Yokohama for 12 days before moving to Sasebo where she embarked approximately 500 marines of the 5th Marine Division to be returned to the United States. She arrived at San Francisco on 9 November, and disembarked her passengers.

Tazewell sailed for the Philippines again on 24 November, to pick up a capacity load of veterans eligible for discharge. She loaded troops at Manila and Subic Bay. The transport began her return voyage on 17 December, and arrived at San Francisco on 5 January 1946. She subsequently made round-trip voyages to Yokosuka to return servicemen to the United States. Upon her arrival at San Francisco on 9 August, from the last of these runs, she was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet there for inactivation.

Decommissioning and fate
Tazewell was decommissioned at San Francisco on 27 December 1946, and remained in reserve for the next 12 years. Tazewell was transferred to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) on 25 September 1958, and moved to the Astoria Reserve Fleet, Astoria, Oregon. She was struck from the Navy List on 1 October 1958. She was removed from Astoria, 15 September 1967, due to the closing of this Reserve Fleet, on 18 September 1967, she entered the Olympia Reserve Fleet, Olympia, Washington. Tazewell was again move 13 April 1972, this time to the Bremerton Reserve Fleet, Bremerton, Washington. On 11 December 1972, she was sold to Zidell Explorations, Inc., of Portland, Oregon, for $51,000, under a Non-transportation use (NTU) contract to be scrapped.

Awards
Tazewell received one battle star for World War II service.

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Online resources

External links

Haskell-class attack transports
Tazewell County, Illinois
Tazewell County, Virginia
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
1944 ships
Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Francisco Group
Pacific Reserve Fleet, Astoria Group
Olympia Reserve Fleet
Bremerton Reserve Fleet


Eriogonum davidsonii is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Davidson's buckwheat. This plant is native to the southwestern United States and northern Baja California. It grows in sandy or gravelly soils, mixed grassland, saltbush, chaparral, sagebrush communities as well as oak and montane conifer woodland. It is a spindly annual herb growing up to 40 centimeters in height. Leaves are fuzzy, basal, and round with wavy or wrinkly margins fuzzy. They are two centimeters wide. The plant is variable in appearance, but is usually erect with thin, naked, neatly branching stems bearing clusters of tiny flowers at widely spaced nodes. Each flower is about 2 millimeters wide, bell-shaped, and can be white, pink or red. Flowering occurs May to September.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

davidsonii