Braux may refer to the following places in France:

 Braux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
 Braux, Aube, a commune in the department of Aube
 Braux, Côte-d'Or, a commune in the department of Côte-d'Or
 Braux-le-Châtel, a commune in the department of Haute-Marne
 Braux-Sainte-Cohière, a commune in the department of Marne
 Braux-Saint-Remy, a commune in the department of Marne


Moulins (; ; Gallo: Móleins) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
People from Moulins are called moulinois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Mouazé (; ; Gallo: Móazae) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Mouazé are called Mouazéens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The Upper Douglas Cable Tramway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Caabyl Ghoolish Heose) was a tram line serving all points between the southern end of the promenade and the upper part of the town of Douglas in the Isle of Man. It opened on 15 August 1896 and closed on 19 August 1929.

History
Douglas Corporation, the local authority responsible for the town, persuaded the Isle of Man Tramways & Electric Power Company to build a line serving the hilly area of Upper Douglas in return for an extended franchise to operate the horse tramway. The line was built to  narrow gauge. Douglas Corporation acquired the tramway in 1902 after the collapse of Dumbell's Bank and the section south of the depot in York Road was closed as it was felt that the gradient made it too dangerous to operate. The service was downgraded to seasonal in 1922. After the line closed, the tracks remained in place until they were lifted in 1932. (in contradiction to this source however road works in the 1980s revealed some of the rails buried well under the modern road surface; in addition, in Waverley Road, on the depot entrance, a set of tramway rails and points remain; however, this may actually be from the time that the depot was used to service the horse trams: they were towed up to the depot using double decker buses). In January 2000, work in connection with the IRIS scheme unearthed the terminal cable pit at Broadway.

Route
Both termini were on Douglas Promenade, at the Clock Tower and Broadway. The line followed a U shaped route serving Victoria Street, Prospect Hill, Buck's Road, Woodbourne Road, York Road, Ballaquayle Road, and Broadway. There was a set of points connecting with the horse tramway at the Clock Tower. A proposed link to the horse tramway at Broadway was not built.

Rolling stock
There were fifteen trams on the system.

 67 Built 1911 by Milnes Voss. Crossbench car.
 68 Built 1909 by Milnes Voss. Crossbench car.
 69 – 70 Built 1907 by United Electric. Crossbench cars.
 71 – 78 Built 1896 by G.F. Milnes & Co. Crossbench cars. No. 77 rebuilt as saloon in 1903. No. 78 rebuilt as saloon in 1904.
 79 – 81 Built 1911 by G. F. Milnes. Saloon cars.

After the closure of the line, two of the cars, No. 72 and No. 73 were turned into a bungalow at Jurby. Both vehicles retained their bogies. They had been built by G. F. Milnes in 1896. In 1968, these two vehicles were rescued by the Douglas Cable Car Group, and a restoration was carried out between then and 1976, using the best of both cars. The tram now bears the number 72 on one end and 73 on the other, it has been converted to work by battery power and is sometimes seen running on the horse tramway.

Tram 72/73 is now based at the Jurby Transport Museum.

Stamp
The Upper Douglas Cable Tramway featured on a 13p stamp issued by the Isle of Man Post Office in 1988.

References

Railway lines in the Isle of Man
3 ft gauge railways in the Isle of Man
Tram transport in the Isle of Man


Mordelles (; ; Gallo: Mordèll) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Geography
The river Meu forms the commune's southwestern border.

Population
Inhabitants of Mordelles are called in French Mordelais.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Club Sportivo Firenze also known as CS Firenze or simply Firenze, was an Italian football club from Florence, Tuscany, that was founded in 1903. The club is most noted for competing in the early Italian Football Championship competitions (below the very top division), before in 1926 becoming one of two Florence-based clubs that merged to form Fiorentina.

External links
Club Sportivo Firenze Official site

References

ACF Fiorentina
Defunct football clubs in Italy
Football clubs in Tuscany
Association football clubs established in 1903
1903 establishments in Italy
1926 disestablishments in Italy


The rain-out model is a model of planetary science that describes the first stage of planetary differentiation and core formation. According to this model, a planetary body is assumed to be composed primarily of silicate minerals and NiFe (i.e. a mixture of nickel and iron). If temperatures within this body reach about 1500 K, the minerals and the metals will melt. This will produce an emulsion in which globules of liquid NiFe are dispersed in a magma of liquid silicates, the two being immiscible. Because the NiFe globules are denser than the silicates, they will sink under the influence of gravity to the centre of the planetary body—in effect, the globules of metal will "rain out" from the emulsion to the centre, forming a core.

According to the rain-out model, core formation was a relatively rapid process, taking a few dozen millennia to reach completion. This occurred at the end of a lengthy process in which the planets were assembled from colliding planetary embryos. Only the collisions of such large embryos could generate enough heat to melt entire bodies. Furthermore, it was only after all of the iron and nickel delivered by impacting bodies had arrived that core formation could proceed to completion.

However, this process of core formation was preceded by a long period of partial differentiation, in which some of the nickel and iron within the planetary embryos had begun to separate.

The rain-out model can be invoked to explain core formation in all the terrestrial planets, given that these consist primarily of silicates, nickel and iron. It can also be adapted to account for core formation in smaller bodies composed of ices and silicates. In such a case, it would be the denser silicates which would rain out to form a rocky core, while the volatile components would form an icy mantle.

See also
Iron catastrophe

References

Planetary science
Scientific models


Braux () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Wasteberry Camp is an Iron Age hill fort situated close to the hamlet of Blackpool, southeast of Plympton, Devon, England. The fort is situated on a hilltop in Warren Wood at approximately  above sea level, overlooking Silverbridge Lake.

References

Hill forts in Devon


The Armstrong Whitworth 12-inch naval gun of 40 calibres length was designed by and manufactured mainly by Armstrong's ordnance branch, Elswick Ordnance Company. It was intended for the Royal Navy's s, but budgetary constraints delayed their introduction. The first units were instead supplied to Japan. As the Type 41 12-inch (305 mm) 40-calibre naval gun it was the standard main battery on several early United Kingdom-built pre-dreadnought battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

It later entered service with the RN as the 12-inch Mark IX, being fitted to warships of three pre-dreadnought classes prior to World War I. Also, during the war several guns were converted for use as railway guns, and, towards the end of the conflict, for use on the M-class submarine monitors.

The gun also saw service with the Italian Regia Marina, in two classes of pre-dreadnought battleships.

Design and development
The Type 41 12-inch naval gun was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, as a slightly modified version of the "EOC G pattern" 12-inch guns used on contemporary Royal Navy battleships.

Japanese service
Japan purchased a total of 44 of these weapons for use on the four ships of the  and , and the battleships  and . Each ship carried four guns in twin turrets.

In combat at the Battle of the Yellow Sea in the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese battleships Asahi,  and Mikasa all had one of their main guns taken out of action due to premature bore detonations. The cause was traced to faulty fuses, and the problem was rectified prior to the Battle of Tsushima.

The gun was officially designated as "Type 41" from the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Meiji on 25 December 1908. It was further re-designated in centimetres on 5 October 1917 as part of the standardization process for the Imperial Japanese Navy to the metric system.

The Type 41 12-inch gun fired an  shell, with either an armour-piercing, high-explosive or general-purpose warhead.

United Kingdom service

Royal Navy service

The gun entered service with the Royal Navy as "BL 12 inch gun Mark IX" on the following ships :
 s: Three ships, laid down 1898 and mounting four guns each.
 s: Five ships, laid down in 1898–1901 and mounting four guns each.
 s: Six ships laid down 1899, each mounting four guns.
 s of 1904. Five of the eight ships of this class (, , ,  and ) carried the Mark IX gun.

M-class submarine mounting

The gun was in service mounted on the three M-class submarines. HMS M2 and M3 had their guns removed in 1927–28.

Railway gun

Four guns were mounted on railway carriages and used by the British army in World War I on the Western Front.

United Kingdom ammunition

Italian service

Armstrongs also sold versions of their 12-inch 40-calibre gun to Italy to arm the two  (commissioned 1905) and the four s (commissioned 1908). The version for the Regina Elena class fired a heavier  shell.
The Regina Margheritas were lost during the war, the Regina Elenas scrapped after the war.

See also
 List of naval guns

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
 305 mm/40 Modèle 1893/1896 French equivalent
 Russian 12-inch 40-caliber naval gun Russian equivalent

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Text Book of Gunnery, 1902. London: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office, by Harrison and Sons, St. Martin's Lane

Further reading

External links

Naval guns of Japan
Russo-Japanese war weapons of Japan
Naval guns of the United Kingdom
Naval guns of Italy
305 mm artillery
Elswick Ordnance Company


George Thomas Bethune-Baker (20 July 1857, in Birmingham – 1 December 1944, in Eastbourne) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera, especially those in the family Lycaenidae of butterflies.

His collection is partly in the Museum of Zoology Cambridge University and partly in the Natural History Museum, London.

Works
Partial list.
See Wikispecies (below) for fuller list.
Bethune-Baker, G. T. 1903 On new Species of Lycaenidae from West Africa Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12 : 324–334
Bethune-Baker, G. T. 1908 Descriptions of new species of butterflies of the division Rhopalocera from Africa and from New Guinea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908:110–126.
Bethune-Baker, G. T. 1908 Descriptions of new Rhopalocera from the Upper Congo. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)469–482.
Bethune-Baker,G. T.  1910 A revision of the African species of Lycaenesthes group of the Lycaenidae Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1910 : 1–84, pl. 1–13.
Bethune-Baker, G. T. 1923 A monograph of the genus Catochrysops Boisduval (Auctorum). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1922:275–366. online

Bethune-Baker was a fellow of the Royal Entomological Society and president 1913–1914.

References
 Cockayne, E. A. 1945 [Bethune-Baker, G. T.]  Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London (C), London [9]
 Turner, H. J. 1945 [Bethune-Baker, G. T.] The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 57 35–36.
 Wainwright, C. J. et al. 1945 [Bethune-Baker, G. T.] Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (3) 81 48.

English lepidopterists
1944 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society
1857 births


Montreuil-sur-Ille (, literally Montreuil on Ille; ; Gallo: Móstroelh) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montreuil-sur-Ille are called in French Montreuillais.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Montreuil-sous-Pérouse (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montreuil-sous-Pérouse are called Montreuillais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Montreuil-le-Gast (; ; Gallo: Montroelh-le-Gast) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montreuil-le-Gast are called in French montreuillais.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website
Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Montreuil-des-Landes (; ; Gallo: Montroelh-dez-Laundd) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montreuil-des-Landes are called in French montreuillais.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The Foglia is the northernmost river of the Marche region of Italy. In ancient times it was known as Pisaurus, as it debouched into the Adriatic Sea at Pisaurum (modern Pesaro). It was also known as the Isaurus. The source of the river is west of Sestino in the province of Arezzo (which is in the Tuscany region of Italy) in the Umbrian-Marchean Apennines mountains. It flows east through an extension of the province of Pesaro e Urbino and then back into Arezzo before forming the border between Arezzo and Pesaro e Urbino. The river then flows into the province of Pesaro e Urbino past Piandimeleto and curves northeast and flows past Sassocorvaro before curving east again. The river meanders south of Montecalvo in Foglia before curving northeast and flowing near Colbordolo, Saludecio, Sant'Angelo in Lizzola, Montecchio, Montelabbate and Tavullia before entering the Adriatic Sea near Pesaro.

A personification of the river was etched by Simone Cantarini.

History
The river, originally known as Isaurus, marked the boundary of the territory of the Piceni Italic tribe.

It was the part of the Gothic Line and the battle of Rimini in 1944, during World War II.

References

Rivers of the Province of Pesaro and Urbino
Rivers of the Province of Arezzo
Rivers of Italy
Adriatic Italian coast basins


Montours (; ; Gallo: Montórs) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Portes du Coglais.

Population
Inhabitants of Montours are called Montourois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Former communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Byron Reed (March 12, 1829 – June 6, 1891) was an American pioneer real estate businessman and local politician in Omaha, Nebraska. He founded the first real estate office in the Nebraska Territory and became the foremost agent after Nebraska achieved statehood.

Biography
Reed was born in Darien, Genesee County, New York. While he was attending the Alexander Classical School, Reed's family moved to Darien, Wisconsin. At the age of 20 he took a job as a telegraph operator, working in Warren, Ohio until 1855. He also served at the Register of Deeds for Trumbull County during this time.

Reed came to Omaha in late 1855, the year the city was founded. By the early 1860s he had accumulated a variety of land holdings across the city. As Omaha became an important gateway to the West and its economy boomed, Reed became very rich and assumed a prominent position in the business and political affairs of both the city and the state. In a time when correspondents were frequently targeted as targets, Reed was working as a correspondent of the New York Tribune and traveling throughout southern Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri to cover the Border Ruffians battles.

In March 1856 he opened an office in the old State House building in Downtown Omaha and established a real estate business. Within three years the business was incorporated, and Reed's business was regarded as successful. That year he acquired the land surrounding the Prospect Hill Cemetery, and ten years later he donated it to the City of Omaha. Reed was instrumental in the formation of the Forest Lawn Cemetery Association and brokered the turn over of Prospect Hill to it in 1885.

Throughout the rest of his life Reed was a surveyor, abstractor and land developer, creating many of the subdivisions that grew around downtown Omaha.

The company he founded in 1856 is still active in Omaha today.

Political involvement
In 1860 he was elected City Clerk in Omaha, serving until 1867. From 1861 to 1863 he served as deputy County Clerk of Douglas County, and in 1863 he was elected to a two-year term as County Clerk. Starting in 1871 he served on the Omaha City Council, acting as president in 1872.

Byron Reed Collection

Byron Reed found time to collect rare books, manuscripts, autographs and American coins, in which last field he was preeminent; according to numismatists, "Byron Reed was one of the greatest collectors of the 19th century," with a reputation as a coin collector that is "largely unrecognized." His collection of colonial and United States coinage, paper money and sutlers' tokens is thought to be one of the most complete in the United States, and his numismatic library is one of the largest in the Midwestern United States; according to experts, the library is probably the last private numismatic library formed in the 19th century to remain intact. Donated to the City of Omaha upon Reed's death, today the collection is housed at the Durham Western Heritage Museum.

See also
History of Omaha
Founding figures of Omaha, Nebraska

References

1829 births
1891 deaths
American real estate businesspeople
American numismatists
Politicians from Warren, Ohio
People from Darien, New York
Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Pioneer history of Omaha, Nebraska
Burials at Prospect Hill Cemetery (North Omaha, Nebraska)
People from Darien, Wisconsin
19th-century American businesspeople


Monthault (; ; Gallo: Montaut) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Monthault are called Monthaltais in French.

Notable people
Eustace de Montaut, Anglo-Norman baron in England

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Montgermont (; , Gallo: Monjèrmont) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montgermont are called in French Montgermontais.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Glowlab was an artist-run initiative that produced and presented experimental work related to cities and psychogeography, including interactive artworks and projects, events, exhibitions, and artists' gatherings. Brooklyn artist and curator Christina Ray launched Glowlab in 2002 as an experimental, web-based arts lab to support the visibility and expression of artists within her community. Ray produced exhibitions and projects including street-based performance work and site specific interventions both in her Williamsburg loft and in the greater urban environment. Glowlab moved from Brooklyn to Manhattan in 2008, opening an exhibition space at the edge of SoHo. As an innovative model advancing a niche collective of artists, thinkers and technologists, Glowlab produced over a dozen solo and group exhibitions, artist talks and performances. In early 2010, Ray re-launched Glowlab under her own name, continuing to focus on contemporary art, technology and creative projects examining the nature and psychology of the built environment.

In 2003, Glowlab's Christina Ray and David Mandl co-founded Psy-Geo-Conflux, currently known as the Conflux Festival, which takes place annually in New York City.  The Village Voice described Conflux as a "network of maverick artists and unorthodox urban investigators… making fresh, if underground, contributions to pedestrian life in New York City, and upping the ante on today’s fight for the soul of high-density metropolises.”

Projects and artists

In addition to the annual Conflux Festival, Glowlab initiated a number of projects that focus on the exploration of public space.

One Block Radius, produced for The New Museum in 2004 by Christina Ray and David Mandl created a web based "psychogeographic portrait of a single Bowery block" with the help of media contributions from artists and the public. in Manhattan.  Open Lab, at Art Interactive in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was a nine-week series of "deceptively simple, playful investigations of site and the social fabric of Central Square, Cambridge".  At Southern Exposure in San Francisco, Ray and Kurt Bigenho invited people to step away from the intensive social networking of internet sites like Myspace and Friendster, and engage in non-social meetups in real space in their project Noso.

Artists and groups who have been associated with Glowlab include Wilfried Hou Je Bek, Bethany Bristow, D. Jean Hester, Brian House, Emily Conrad, Catherine D'Ignazio (aka Kanarinka), Steve Lambert, David Mandl, Ryota Matsumoto, Roberto Mollá, Marisa Olson, Mark Price, Sal Randolph, Jesse Shapins, Swoon, Holly Tavel, Jessica Thompson, Lee Walton, and Wooster Collective.

References

External links
 Glowlab

Arts organizations based in New York City
Organizations based in New York (state)
Arts organizations established in 2002
2002 establishments in New York City


Öndör Gongor (, "Tall Gongor", c. 1880/85 – late 1920s), whose full name was Pureviin Gongor (), was a man in early-20th century Mongolia, who suffered from gigantism. He was measured  high by Roy Chapman Andrews, but some other sources even give . He is known all over Mongolia, and also mentioned or pictured in some accounts of contemporary western travellers.

According to an interview with his daughter G. Budkhand, published in 1997, Gongor was the third child of a herder named Pürev, who lived in the Dalai Choinkhor wangiin khoshuu what is today Jargalant sum of Khövsgöl aimag. He was not particularly big as a child. He only had long fingers. Because he always ate a lot, he became a bit unpopular with his parents, and eventually was sent to Ikh Khüree. One day, he was summoned to the Bogd Khan, given fresh clothes, and after a while he was even made to marry a woman who worked as one of the Bogd Khan's seamstresses on the grounds that their fates were connected at least according to a horoscope by the Bogd Khan.

There is uncertainty around what Gongor's occupation at the Bogd Khan's court was: accountant and keeper of the Bogd Khan's elephant, the Bogd Khan's bodyguard, or wrestler. In 1913, he traveled to Russia with a delegation headed by Sain Noyon Khan Namnansüren. Later, he is said to have worked at the toll office.

Gongor had four children. He died in his home area in the late 1920s, before reaching the age of 50. His corpse is said to have been stolen during the funeral – at that time, the deceased were laid out in the steppe to be devoured by birds and other animals..

One of Gongor's grandsons, D. Davaanyam, is a well-known children's author in Mongolia.

References

20th-century Mongolian people
People with gigantism
1880s births
1920s deaths
People from Khövsgöl Province


BDSM (i.e., bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism) is a frequent theme in culture and media, including in books, films, television, music, magazines, public performances and online media.

Newspapers and magazines
During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, a variety of periodicals were published on the subject of BDSM. Small independent publishing companies and organized groups were both active in this field, though many have since ceased publication or transferred to online publishing. The German-language Schlagzeilen magazine started in 1988 as the group's internal newspaper and is an important BDSM publication in German-speaking countries today.

Events and figures related to BDSM have also appeared in the media. In 2002, The Washington Post newspaper ran an article which said that Jack McGeorge, a munitions analyst for the UNMOVIC, was also a leader in the Washington, DC BDSM community. Following this, several commentators compared his BDSM activities with the torture techniques used by Saddam Hussein's administration in Iraq. Others compared today's discrimination of BDSM practitioners with the situation of homosexuals in the past.

In Germany EMMA, a well-known feminist magazine, published by Alice Schwarzer, pursued its PorNO campaign against hatred towards women and violent pornography aiming to ban pornography in Germany. In it, Schwarzer states, among other things, that sadomasochistic practices are generally to be equated with violence against women. Her judgment on female sadomasochism ("Female masochism is collaboration!") has often been criticized for implying a state of war between genders. EMMA magazine criticized Helmut Newton, accusing him of "pornografization of fashion photography", and criticized his "therein unrestrainedly realized sadomasochistic obsessions".

BDSM support groups and publications have repeatedly criticized biased media coverage of BDSM.<ref>Manuela Münchow, Bundesvereinigung Sadomasochismus: Stellungnahme zum Grünbuch "Gleichstellung sowie Bekämpfung von Diskriminierungen in einer erweiterten Europäischen Union" der Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Brüssel, den 28.05.2004 KOM(2004) 379)", 31.08.2004 (German), and the detailed chronology Der Papiertiger: Presse ("media coverage") in the Encyclopedia of Sadomasochism Datenschlag.de (German/English)</ref>

Literature

Sadomasochism is a perennial theme in literature and has inspired several classics like The Story of O by Anne Desclos (under the pseudonym Pauline Réage), Venus in Furs by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, and the comics created by Eric Stanton. A literary curiosity concerning sadomasochism is Martha's letter to Leopold Bloom in Ulysses by James Joyce. The novel Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair published in 1978 by Ingeborg Day (under the pseudonym Elizabeth McNeill) was the basis of the Hollywood movie 9½ Weeks. Justine Ettler's The River Ophelia (1995) details the empty, sometimes violent sex lives of university students and yuppies with surreal overtones.

Author Anne Rice published under the pseudonym A. N. Roquelaure three installments of her Sleeping Beauty Trilogy (The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty, 1983), Beauty's Punishment (1984) and Beauty's Release (1985) with explicit BDSM themes.

A nine-volume book series published in July 2006 under the title Bild-Erotik-Bibliothek by Bild-Zeitung, Germany's leading Tabloid and the best-selling newspaper in Europe, in cooperation with Random House gives a clear indication of the commercial potential of the topic. Out of nine installments, three books had a well-defined emphasis on sadomasochism, specifically BDSM. Besides Exit to Eden, also written by Anne Rice under the pseudonym Anne Rampling, it also further featured the sadomasochist classic Story of O. and the explicit novel Topping from Below by Laura Reese.

The Fifty Shades trilogy is a series of popular erotic romance novels by E. L. James which involve BDSM; however, the novels have been criticized for their inaccurate and harmful depiction of BDSM.

While sadomasochistic rituals enacted as theatrical staging might show fetish characteristics, the fetish is not literature. BDSM literature also does not embrace a specific philosophy or morality; instead it represents it, as do other kinds of literature aspects of the particular zeitgeist of its era.

Alfred Kinsey stated in his 1953 nonfiction book Sexual Behavior in the Human Female that 12% of females and 22% of males reported having an erotic response to a sadomasochistic story. In that book erotic responses to being bitten were given as:

Publishers
In the last decades, publishing houses and imprints specializing in BDSM fiction and nonfiction have been founded in many Western countries, including Circlet Press, Daedalus Publishing, Greenery Press and Nexus Books, an imprint of Virgin Books.

Specialist books
In November 1981, Samois published Coming to Power: Writing and graphics on Lesbian S/M, which reached a worldwide audience the following year when it was reprinted by Alyson Publications. The book combined short stories with basic explanations and safety tips about BDSM practices. It is considered the first introductory books on the subject worldwide. Its concept was internationally adopted by many publications in the following decades.

Other than specialized books with strong emphasis on the practice, there is a growing number of scientific publications and books that discuss BDSM philosophy and culture:

 Jay Wiseman: SM 101: A Realistic Introduction. Greenery Press (California) 1998,  (comprehensive reference book including topics like "BDSM as a lifestyle" and "BDSM during pregnancy")
 Philip Miller, Molly Devon: Screw the Roses, Send Me the Thorns: The Romance and Sexual Sorcery of Sadomasochism. Mystic Rose Books, 1995.  (showing plenty of graphics, the comprehensive reference book gives advice on practices and safety advice)
 Dossie Easton, Janet W. Hardy: The New Topping Book. Greenery Press (California) 2002,  (practical and theoretical introduction for Tops with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
 Dossie Easton, Janet W. Hardy: The New Bottoming Book. Greenery Press (California) 1998,  (practical and theoretical introduction for Bottoms with emphasis on psychological, practical and technological aspects and detailed advice on partner search)
 Patrick Califia (ed.), Robin Sweeney (ed.):The Second Coming: A Leatherdyke Reader. Alyson Publications 1996,  (sequel to the lesbian-feminist BDSM-classic Coming to Power)
 Mark Thompson (ed.): Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice. Alyson Publications 1991, , (28 essays of well-known sadomasochistic authors and activists)
 Lady Green (ed.), Jaymes Easton (ed.): Kinky Crafts: 101 Do-It-Yourself S/M Toys. Greenery Press (California) 1998,  (comprehensive Guide to do-it-yourself BDSM-toys)
 Gloria Brame, William Brame & John Jacobs: Different Loving: The World of Sexual Dominance and Submission. Villard, 1996,
 Peggy J. Kleinplatz, Charles Allen Moser: Sadomasochism - Powerful Pleasures. Haworth Press, 2006,
 Staci Newmahr: Playing On The Edge. Indiana University Press, 2011,  (sociological examination of BDSM community in an unnamed city)
 Margot Weiss: Techniques of Pleasure. Duke University Press, 2011,  (anthropological examination of San Francisco BDSM community)
 Clarisse Thorn: The S & M Feminist. Clarisse Thorn, 2012,  (essays on BDSM, gender and culture)
 Lee Harrington, Mollena Williams: Playing Well With Others. Greenery Press, 2012,  (guide to the BDSM community)
 Anne O. Nomis The History & Arts of the Dominatrix. Mary Egan Publishing & Anna Nomis Ltd, UK, 2013,  (academic account of dominatrix imagery)
 Rajan Dominari: Welcome to the Darkside: A BDSM Primer. AKO Publishing Company, 2019,  (introduction to the BDSM community and culture)

Marketing

Since the beginning of the 1990s, BDSM imagery has been regularly used within the framework of large marketing campaigns in continental Europe. Widely known examples in Germany are billboards of the cigarette brands Camel and West, showing a camel dressed in "typical" leather outfit, respectively a dominatrix with a whip. While West had to withdraw the ad due to "offense against morality", BDSM motifs were utilized in the following years on a regular basis. In March 2007 the Swedish clothing company H&M promoted the sale of a collection compiled by Madonna with television commercials in Germany. The commercials showed the artist, who has been repeatedly criticized for the use of sadomasochistic subjects in the past, as a dominant lifestyle-icon teaching a lesson to an "inappropriately" dressed female pupil under the cracking of a crop, redesigning her outfit while making fashion statements like "Don't think it – you need to know it".

In Canada, Mini presented the winter package 2005/2005 of the Mini-Cooper in the form of an interactive BDSM-session in which the user, supported by a dominatrix, can test different kinds of spanking tools on the automobile in order to get the optional equipment explained. Their slogan was "Dominate winter".

In the U.S., Anheuser-Busch has repeatedly sponsored the fetish-lifestyle Folsom Street Fair in San Francisco. Diesel jeans ran several sadomasochistic-themed advertisements in various fashion magazines.

Music

The Velvet Underground song "Venus in Furs" (from The Velvet Underground & Nico) is based on a book by Masoch of the same title; the name of the band itself comes from a book about paraphilias (including BDSM) in the United States.

Eurythmics "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" may be the most well-known popular song with BDSM connotations, primarily due to the music video.

Adam Lambert's "For Your Entertainment", Puddle of Mudd's "Control", and Madonna's "Erotica" are explicitly from the dominant's point of view - as is "Baby Let's Play Rough" by the country-western vampire singer Unknown Hinson, whereas Nedra Johnson's "Alligator Food" and Lady Gaga's "Teeth" are written from the perspective of the submissive.

Jace Everett's "Bad Things" (the theme song of the TV series True Blood) alludes to BDSM.

The German punk band Die Ärzte recorded the song "Sweet, Sweet Gwendoline" that introduced the BDSM-related character Sweet Gwendoline to a large part of the population that otherwise had no contact to the BDSM subculture. German gothic rock band Umbra et Imago, famous amongst the fetish goth scene, also recorded a song entitled "Sweet Gwendoline".

Industrial music in general likely has the most BDSM themes, as well as being one of the biggest influences on Rivethead fashion. Rammstein is one of those industrial bands, as their song "Ich Tu Dir Weh (I hurt you)" is about BDSM. Depeche Mode are known for their BDSM undertones, "Master and Servant" being a well-known example.

Other famous songs with BDSM themes include:

2 Live Crew "S and M"
Adam and the Ants "Whip in My Valise"
Ali Project "Hizamazuite Ashi o Oname"
Blue Öyster Cult "Dominance and Submission"
Blood on the Dance Floor "Call Me Master"
Blood on the Dance Floor "Safe Word"
Boondox "Freak Bitch"
Ellie Goulding "Love Me Like You Do"
Frank Zappa "Carolina Hardcore Extacy"
Green Day "Blood Sex and Booze" and "Dominated Love Slave"
Guns N' Roses' "Pretty Tied Up" from the band's album Use Your Illusion IIJanet Jackson "Rope Burn" (The Velvet Rope, 1997)
Måneskin "I Wanna Be Your Slave"
The Misfits "Devil's Whorehouse"
Nickelback "Figured You Out"
Lords of Acid "The Power is mine", Strung Out "Ultimate Devotion"
Nine Inch Nails "Closer", "Happiness in Slavery", "Meet Your Master" and "Sin"
Rihanna's album Loud features an opening song called "S&M", which is about sadism and masochism as its name suggests and as the music video makes clear.
Spooncurve "Hurt me, I'm Yours"
That Dog "Gagged and Tied"
The Plasmatics "Black Leather Monster" and "Sex Junkie"
Thin Lizzy's 1979 album Roisin Dubh (Black Rose) included a song called "S&M" about a sadistic man.
William Control "Price We Pay"

In 2010, Christina Aguilera released her Bionic album which contains the single "Not Myself Tonight". The controversial, high-concept video for the single is rife with aggressive BDSM imagery. Aguilera is seen as a bound and gagged slave as well as a latex-clad dominatrix with a riding crop and a group of look-alike slave girls.

Also released in 2010, rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars's music video for "Hurricane", directed by Jared Leto under his pseudonym Bartholomew Cubbins, includes elements of bondage and discipline, dominance and submission. Though initially banned from most networks due to violence and heavy sexual content, the video received three nominations at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Direction and Best Editing.

 Art

Comic book drawings: John Willie with Adventures of Sweet Gwendoline (published as a serial in Robert Harrison's mainstream girlie magazine Wink from June 1947 to February 1950 and later in several other magazines over the years), Guido Crepax with Histoire d'O (1975)
 In graphic design: Works by Eric Stanton, Hajime Sorayama and Robert Bishop
 In art deco sculpture: Bruno Zach produced a dominatrix sculpture called "The Riding Crop" (c. 1925).

 Fashion

Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood created several restrictive BDSM-inspired clothing items of punk fashion for the 1970s punk subculture; in particular bondage trousers, which connect the wearer's legs with straps.

A table in Larry Townsend's The Leatherman's Handbook II (the 1983 second edition; the 1972 first edition did not include this list) which is generally considered authoritative states that a black handkerchief is a symbol for sadomasochism and a grey handkerchief is a symbol for bondage in the handkerchief code, which is employed usually among gay male casual-sex seekers or BDSM practitioners in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Europe. Wearing the handkerchief on the left indicates the top, dominant, or active partner; right the bottom, submissive, or passive partner. However, negotiation with a prospective partner remains important because, as Townsend noted, people may wear hankies of any color "only because the idea of the hankie turns them on" or "may not even know what it means".

 Photography

 Robert Mapplethorpe’s most controversial works documented and examined the homosexual male BDSM subculture of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
 Barbara Nitke’s photo book, Kiss of Fire: A Romantic View of Sadomasochism (2003) was among the first mainstream publications to examine the subject of BDSM.
 Ellen Von Unwerth's photography often features themes related to dominance and submission, female sexuality and Femdom. Her photography feature models and celebrities who take on role or character. One such celebrity photoshoot involved Rihanna playing the role of dominatrix.
 Helmut Newton has been described as the "King of Kink" for choosing themes of BDSM, Femdom and power play in narrative photography.

 Theatre
 Worauf sich Körper kaprizieren, Austria. Peter Kern directed this present-day adaption of Jean Genet's 1950 film, Un chant d'amour. It is about a dominant lady (film veteran Miriam Goldschmidt) who submits her husband (Heinrich Herkie) and butler (Günter Bubbnik) to sadistic treatment.
 Ach, Hilde (Oh, Hilda), Germany. This play by Anna Schwemmer shows a young Hilde, after being left by her boyfriend,  becomes a professional dominatrix.

Film and television

While BDSM activity appeared initially quasi-"subliminally" in some movies, in the 1960s and 1970s there were film adaptations of famous works of BDSM literature including Venus in Furs (1969) and the Story of O (1975).

In the 1960s and 1970s Spanish director Jess Franco developed several movies that were typical examples of the exploitation-genres' approach, often based on the works of the Marquis de Sade and censored in many countries worldwide.

With the release of the 1986 film 9½ Weeks, the topic of BDSM was transferred to broader audiences with high impact and notable commercial success. Since the late 1990s movies like Preaching to the Perverted (1997), a movie generally considered a reaction to Operation Spanner, and Secretary (2002) started to increasingly reconcile financial demands with authenticity.

From the 1990s to the early 2000s, mainstream media representation of alternative sexualities, including BDSM, increased dramatically. First noted in
1983, this trend shows no signs of abating today.

With the development of documentary productions such as SICK: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist (1997), Bound for Pleasure (2002), Wir leben ... SM! (2004), Graphic Sexual Horror (2009) and KinK (2013), an increasingly broader approach to the subject matter is developing, targeting wider audiences.

During the last four decades, the spectrum of productions has been greatly enlarged, showing the topic has arrived in mainstream movies:

 1925: A Woman of the World (Based on The Tattooed Countess by Carl van Vechten)
 1967: Belle de jour, by Luis Buñuel
 1967: Venus in Furs by Joseph Marzano
 1968: La prisonnière, - H. G. Clouzot
 1969: Venus in Furs by Massimo Dallamano (not the Jess Franco version, also from 1969)
 1969: The Frightened Woman by Piero Schivazappa
 1972: The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant by Rainer Werner Fassbinder
 1974: The Night Porter by Liliana Cavani
 1974: Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August 1975: Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom by Pier Paolo Pasolini
 1975: Story of O 1975: Maîtresse 1976: In the Realm of the Senses by Nagisa Oshima
 1976: The Image (The Punishment of Anne)
 1978: The Mafu Cage 1982: Cat People 1983: A Woman in Flames 1985: The Perils of Gwendoline in the Land of the Yik-Yak 1985: Seduction: The Cruel Woman 1986: Blue Velvet 1986: From Beyond 1986: Tras el cristal 1986: 9½ Weeks 1987: Personal Services 1989: Wild Orchid 1990: Life Is Sweet by Mike Leigh
 1990: Singapore Sling by Nikos Nikolaidis
 1990: Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! 1993: Tokyo Decadence 1993: Body of Evidence 1994: Exit to Eden 1994: Venus in Furs by Maartje Seyferth and Victor Nieuwenhuijs
 1996: Bobby Sox (pornographic film)
 1996: Breaking the Waves by Lars von Trier
 1996: Fetishes 1997: Private Parts 1997: Preaching to the Perverted 1997: SICK: The Life & Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist (interviews with the dying BDSM performance artist Bob Flanagan)
 1999: Lies (South Korea)
 1999: Romance by Catherine Breillat
 1999: Tops & Bottoms: Sex, Power and Sadomasochism 1999: Wildly Available 2000: Quills (drama loosely based on the Marquis de Sade)
 2000: Dirty Pictures (the movie is based on the Mapplethorpe exhibition in Cincinnati)
 2001: The Piano Teacher 2001: Beyond Vanilla 2002: Secretary 2002: The Fashionistas 2002: A Snake Of June 2003: Wir leben... SM! 2004: Going Under 2004: Bettie Page: Dark Angel 2005: Ecstasy in Berlin 1926 by Maria Beatty
 2005: Mr. and Mrs. Smith
 2005: The Notorious Bettie Page by Mary Harron
 2005: The Zero Years by Nikos Nikolaidis
 2006: 24/7 The Passion of Life 2006: Psychopathia Sexualis 2006: Hounded
 2006: The Pet
 2007: New Tokyo Decadence - The Slave 2007: Walk All Over Me 2008-2010: Legend of the Seeker 2009: Antichrist by Lars von Trier
 2009: Modern Love is Automatic 2009: SM-rechter (S&M Judge)
 2010: Año bisiesto (Leap Year) by Michael Rowe
 2013: KinK (a documentary, produced by James Franco about the BDSM website Kink.com)
 2013: Nymphomaniac by Lars von Trier
 2015: Fifty Shades of Grey by Sam Taylor-Johnson

Besides these mainstream movies, there is a huge market for underground sadomasochistic direct-to-DVD and Internet-download films. The majority of these have no explicit sexual content, but a few are also pornographic films. These videos fall into specific fetish categories such as bondage, corporal punishment (domestic and school spanking), pony play (animal role-playing) and dungeon-based BDSM centered on the master/slave dynamic.  The porn industry has responded to this growing trend by creating a number of sex films with an S&M theme. The most noteworthy are the award-winning The Fashionistas (2002) and its 2003 sequel, The Fashionistas II.

In recent years, movies like 9½ Weeks (1986), Tokyo Decadence (1992), and Secretary (2002) have been shown, sometimes edited, on television in several countries. In 2001, the Canadian documentary KinK became the first television series on the topic worldwide.

Other examples of BDSM in television and film are:

 The 'Allo 'Allo! series 1 episode "The British 'ave Come (The Fallen Madonna)" (1984) and series 3 episode "Pretty Maids All in a Row" (1987) both deal with BDSM.
 Payback (1999), a film with Lucy Liu as Pearl, a dominatrix and hit woman for the Chinese mafia.
 The Law & Order SVU season 1 episode "Stocks and Bondage" (1999) about the death of a businesswoman who was into BDSM.
 CSI (2000-2015) had a recurring character, Lady Heather, a professional dominatrix.
 In Dancing at the Blue Iguana (2000), Jennifer Tilly is a part-time dominatrix-for-hire and exotic dancer in leather fetish outfits.
 Mercy (2000), cable-movie with Peta Wilson as a submissive member of a secret S&M society.Fast Sofa (2001); Jennifer Tilly plays a porn star who is bound and gagged with elaborate leather gear and whipped by her manager (Eric Roberts) for misbehaving.
 nip/tuck (2003-2010) had Tia Carrere in a recurring role as professional dominatrix Mistress DarkPain.
 In the television series Desperate Housewives (2004-2012) the character Bree Van De Kamp's husband Rex had an illicit affair with a woman who was able to please him sexually as a dominatrix.
 EuroTrip (2004) features Lucy Lawless as a German dominatrix in an Amsterdam fetish club.
 The CSI: NY season 1 episode "Hush" (2005) centers on a case that involves the BDSM community.
  In the 2005 episode "Love Hurts" of the TV series House, Dr. House treats a patient, Harvey Park (John Cho) who has a dominatrix, Annette Raines (Christina Cox).
 On the fourth season of the reality show VH1's The Surreal Life (2005) Jane Wiedlin from the pop group The Go-Gos dressed in dominatrix gear and revealed her secret BDSM lifestyle. In that episode, other cast members dabbled in S&M play in a makeshift dungeon room.
 Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007), a British series about a call girl who takes dominatrix lessons in one episode.
 On the third season of Boardwalk Empire (2012), the main antagonist of the show Gyp Rosetti (as portrayed by Bobby Cannavale) was seen besottedly taking pleasure by engaging in sadomasochistic sexual acts (female submission) and autoerotic asphyxiation.
 Seasons 3 and 4 of The History Channel series Vikings (2015, 2016-2017) depict French Count Odo (Owen Roe) practicing sadomasochism with Therese (Karen Hassan), the wife of another noble. He beats and tortures her with various implements for the purpose of sexual arousal.
 In the Showtime series Billions (2016), psychiatrist Wendy Rhoades (Maggie Siff) plays dominatrix to her husband, District Attorney Chuck (Paul Giamatti).
 Submission (2016), follows the journey of Ashley (Ashlynn Yennie) from being in an unhappy relationship to her exploration of BDSM when she stumbles upon an erotic novel called  SLAVE by Nolan Keats.
 Season 2 of Marco Polo (2016) has the characters Ahmad and Mei Lin engage in rope bondage and pegging.
 Bonding, which premiered in 2019, is about a dominatrix and her assistant.
 Love and Leashes'', 2022 Netflix film about romance between two office workers, one of them has a unique sexual taste and preference.

See also
Leather subculture
List of dominatrices in popular culture
List of people associated with BDSM
List of universities with BDSM clubs
Sadism and masochism in fiction
Sadism and Masochism
Marquis de Sade in popular culture
Sex and nudity in video games
Sexual revolution

References

External links
 Diary of an S and M Romance (Podcast audiobook of Dollie Llama and ThornDaddy's book "Diary of an S&M Romance")
 KinkyCast (Information, interviews and stories on BDSM and fetish)
 Rope Weekly (Information on Shibari)
 The Room (A couple on BDSM and their relationship)
 Submission and Coffee with Dollie Llama (24/7 D/s couple podcast)
 Dominant Desires (Information on BDSM and BDSM/Kink-based Media)
 Submissive Ophelia podcast (Lifestyle/pro submissive woman married in a 24/7 relationship)
 The Dungeon Place podcast (Discussion and education about fetish, kink, and sexuality)
 "The Perverted Negress" (BDSM and Master  / Slave relationships from the perspective of an African-American woman)

BDSM


The 7th constituency of Ille-et-Vilaine is a French legislative constituency in the Ille-et-Vilaine département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.

Geography
The constituency contains the historic French port town of Saint-Malo.

Deputies

Election results

2022

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2017

2012

2007

2002

1997

1993

References

7


These are the official results of the Men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 9, 10, and 11 September 1982.

Medalists

Final
11 September
Wind: -0.9 m/s

Semifinals
10 September
Wind: 0.4 m/s

Wind: 1.0 m/s

Qualifying heats
9 September
Wind: 0.6 m/s

Wind: -1.7 m/s

†: Petros Evripidou was initially assigned to compete for Greece, but there is only evidence that he competed for Cyprus.

Wind: -1.6 m/s

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.

 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (3)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (1)
 (3)
 (1)
 (2)
 (2)
 (1)

See also
 1978 Men's European Championships 110m Hurdles (Prague)
 1980 Men's Olympic 110m Hurdles (Moscow)
 1983 Men's World Championships 110m Hurdles (Helsinki)
 1984 Men's Olympic 110m Hurdles (Moscow)
 1986 Men's European Championships 110m Hurdles (Stuttgart)
 1987 Men's World Championships 110m Hurdles (Rome)
 1988 Men's Olympic 110m Hurdles (Seoul)

References

 Results

100 metres hurdles
Sprint hurdles at the European Athletics Championships


Zaschka is a German habitational surname for someone from Zatzschke and can refer to:

 Engelbert Zaschka (1895–1955), a German chief engineer, chief designer, inventor and helicopter pioneer
 Milly Zaschka (d. 1975), a German singer of operas, actor and stage director

Surnames


Good Morning, Midnight is a 1939 modernist novel by the author Jean Rhys. Often considered a continuation of Rhys' three other early novels, Quartet (1928), After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1931) and Voyage in the Dark (1934), it is experimental in design and deals with a woman's feelings of vulnerability, depression, loneliness and desperation during the years between the two World Wars.

The book initially sold poorly—critics thought it well written, but too depressing—and after its publication Rhys spent a decade living in obscurity. It was not until it was adapted by Selma Vaz Dias into a radio play, first broadcast by the BBC in 1957, that Rhys was once again put into the spotlight.

Background
The novel's title is derived from a poem by the American poet Emily Dickinson:
Good morning, Midnight!
I'm coming home,
Day got tired of me –
How could I of him?

Sunshine was a sweet place,
I liked to stay –
But Morn didn't want me – now –
So good night, Day!

Plot introduction
Sasha Jansen, a middle-aged English woman, has returned to Paris after a long absence. Only able to make the trip because of some money lent to her by a friend, she is financially unstable and haunted by her past, which includes an unhappy marriage and her child's death. She has difficulty taking care of herself; drinking heavily, taking sleeping pills and obsessing over her appearance, she is adrift in the city that she feels connected to despite the great pain it has brought her.

Reception and resurgence of popularity
Although early critics noted that Good Morning, Midnight was well written, they found its depressing storyline ultimately repellent.

Rhys had disappeared from public view and fallen into obscurity shortly after Good Morning, Midnight was published in 1939. In fact, many believed that she was dead as a result of the seeming end of her literary career. When Selma Vaz Dias adapted the novel for theatrical presentation in 1949, her husband had to place advertisements in the New Statesman and the Nation to find Rhys in order to gain her permission, which she gave enthusiastically. Rhys credited Dias with reawakening her literary inclinations, stating in November of that same year that Dias had "lifted the numb hopeless feeling that stopped me writing for so long". In 1957, Dias's adaptation of Good Morning, Midnight was performed on BBC radio.

V. S. Naipaul wrote in 1973 that it is "the most subtle and complete of [Rhys'] novels, and the most humane."

The novel and Rhys' own struggles are the subject of the song 'The Glitter' on Irish folk singer Maija Sofia's debut album Bath Time about women who have been wronged by history.

References

Sources
Frickey, Pierrette M. (1990). Critical Perspectives on Jean Rhys. Washington, DC: Lynne Rienner Publishers. .
Lindfords, Bernth, and Reinhard Sander. (1992). Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 117: Twentieth-Century Caribbean and Black African Writers, First Series. The Gale Group. pp. 258–278.
Savory, Elaine. (1998). Chapter 5. Dangerous spirit, bitterly amused: Good Morning, Midnight, pages 109–132 in Jean Rhys. Cambridge University Press. .

1939 British novels
British novels adapted into plays
Modernist novels
Novels by Jean Rhys
Novels set in Paris
Constable & Co. books


This is a list of episodes for George of the Jungle.

Series overview

Episodes

Original run (2007–08)
The original run of the reboot ran only for twenty-six half-hour episodes (fifty-two 11-minute segments), all in a single season.

Revival run (2016–17)

The revival series aired on September 10, 2016. It aired on Nickelodeon in Poland and the Netherlands and Boomerang in the UK. It also airs on Cartoon Network in Australia and New Zealand.

References

See also
 George of the Jungle (2007 TV series)

External links
 TV Guide's George of the Jungle Episode list
 TV.com's George of the Jungle Episode Guide
 George of the Jungle (2007) on iTunes

George of the Jungle
George of the Jungle (2007 series)
George of the Jungle (2007 series)


Anita Linda (born Alice Bueñaflor Lake; November 23, 1924 – June 10, 2020), was a Filipino actress whose career spanned nearly eight decades and had done close to 400 motion pictures. A romantic lead in her early years, she gained widespread acclaim for her portrayals of maternal, elderly roles depicting Filipino struggles and their lifestyle. Often described as the face of Philippine cinema, she was one of the top box-office draws for two decades and has received numerous accolades from international film festivals & domestic award-giving bodies.

Early career
Linda was born Alice Bueñaflor Lake in Pasay to James Lake, an American soldier and mining engineer, and Gorgonia Bueñaflor of Iloilo.

Linda was discovered by renowned director Lamberto Avellana while watching a stage show at the Avenue Theater starring Leopoldo Salcedo, Lopito, among others. Then a Ilongga teenager that couldn't speak Tagalog, she had second thoughts when she was asked backstage if she wanted to become an actress. Avellana then told her to report for rehearsals for the next show and later had her fetched when she didn't appear.

Linda first did High School with no dialogue, then Biyernes sa Quiapo with Jaime dela Rosa as her leading man, then Aksesorya with Leopoldo Salcedo onstage. Avellana later gave her the screen name Anita Linda and cast her in Tia Juana, her first film at LVN Pictures. The film was completed shortly before the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, but released only in 1943.

With the film studios being shut down for the duration of the war, Linda spent the war years performing on bodabil at Avenue Theater in Manila. After the war in 1947, she was later offered a contract by Premiere Productions where she was cast by Avellana in Sekretang Hong Kong with Pugo and Togo. Her first lead role in Alyas Sakim with Pol Salcedo in 1947 was directed by Moises Cagin.

In 1951, Linda portrayed the title character in Gerardo de Leon's Sisa, a film based on the tragic character in Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere. The role garnered her the Best Actress Maria Clara award (a precursor of the FAMAS). De Leon then cast Linda in Sawa sa Lumang Simboryo (1952), a role for which Linda would be nominated for a FAMAS Best Actress Award.

Later career
In the 1970s, Linda gained renewed critical acclaim in maternal roles she played for director Lino Brocka in Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), Isa Dalawa Tatlo (1974) and Jaguar (1979). She would win the FAMAS Award for Best Supporting Actress for Isa Dalawa Tatlo. Linda would also be nominated for the Gawad Urian Best Supporting Actress Award for Jaguar, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. In 1982 she was given the Natatanging Gawad Urian ng Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino.

Linda would appear in several leading films of the 1980s and 1990s, including Joey Gosiengfiao's Temptation Island (1980), Mike de Leon's Sister Stella L. (1984), Chito S. Roño's Itanong Mo sa Buwan and Brocka's Gumapang ka sa Lusak (1990). For her portrayal of an aging film actress in Mario O'Hara’s Ang Babae sa Bubungang Lata (1998), Linda would receive a Star Award for Best Supporting Actress and her second FAMAS Best Supporting Actress Award. For this, she set a record as the oldest actress to ever win a FAMAS at age 74. In 1987, Linda also won a Gawad Urian Best Supporting Actress award for Takaw Tukso.

Linda remained active in the film industry as she reached her eighties, appearing in such films as Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita (2004), You Are the One (2006) and Ouija (2007). In 2009, she returned to television, starring in the ABS-CBN drama Tayong Dalawa as Kim Chiu's ruthless Chinese grandmother Lily and in the upcoming ABS-CBN horror suspense primetime series Florinda.

Linda garnered widespread acclaim in 2008, she starred in the independent film, Adela (2008), directed by Adolfo Alix, Jr. For her performance playing the loneliness of a woman celebrating her 80th birthday alone when her children failed to visit her, she was cited as Best Actress in the 10th Cinemanila International Film Festival (Southeast Asia Film Competition), as Best Actress by the Young Critics Circle, and as Best Actress (tied with Judy Ann Santos) at the Gawad Tanglaw Awards. The New York Times film critic Stephen Holden praised Linda's performance as "quietly transfixing". In 2009, Anita Linda was given the ENPRESS Lino Brocka Lifetime Achievement Award.

She won the Best Supporting Actress award, for her performance in Sta. Niña, at the Cinemalaya 2012 under the New Breed Full Length Feature Category.

In 2014, she made a comeback on primetime television in an ensemble drama Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon as Paulo Avelino's grandmother Lola Patchi.

Personal life
She was married to actor Fred Cortes Sr.(stage name) The marriage lasted 2 years. They had a son Fred Cortes Jr. (stage name)

In January 2009, Linda was unhurt in a mugging incident that occurred while she was aboard a taxicab. In October 1950, Linda's sister Mamey was murdered in a robbery attempt at the home they had shared; Linda herself was unharmed after she and her nieces had locked themselves in a bedroom to evade the burglars.

Death
Linda died on June 10, 2020. She was 95. The news was confirmed by her daughter, Francesca Legaspi by a text message to STAR news.

Filmography

Film

Television

Recognitions

See also

 List of Filipino actresses
 Cinema of the Philippines
 Television in the Philippines

References

Bibliography

External links

1924 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Filipino actresses
Hiligaynon people
21st-century Filipino actresses
Actresses from Metro Manila
Filipino film actresses
Filipino people of American descent
Filipino women comedians
Actors from Pasay


In a kitchen the hob is a projection, shelf, grate or bench for holding food or utensils at the back or side of a hearth (fireplace) to keep them warm, or an internal chimney-corner.  In modern British English usage, the word refers to a cooktop or hotplate, as distinguished from an oven.

Etymology
The word is a noun meaning approximately "holder", derived from the Old English verb habban "to have, hold".  The word hub "support of a disk or wheel" is apparently from the same source.

Gallery

See also
 Hob (disambiguation)
 Cooktop
 Buttumak

References

Fireplaces


Monterfil (; ; Gallo: Mósterfiu) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Mont-Dol (; ; Gallo: Mont-Dou) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Mont-Dol are called Mont-Dolois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


George Donisthorpe Thompson (18 June 1804 – 7 October 1878) was a British anti-slavery orator and activist who toured giving lectures and worked for legislation while serving as a Member of Parliament. He was arguably one of the most important abolitionists and human rights lecturers in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Early life

Thompson had little formal education and was largely self-taught. In early adulthood, he began a life of professional activism, starting with his role in founding a mutual improvement society at the age of eighteen, as well as his membership in debate societies. This suggests an early interest in self-betterment and the issues of the day. His father worked aboard a slave trading vessel, and his stories of the horrors of the slave trade planted the issue in the younger Thompson's mind from an early age. He recalls the stories that his father told in some of his later writings, recounting his father's observations of the inhumane treatment of slaves.

Activism in Britain
Initially Thompson had little knowledge of slavery, though he had gained a reputation as an able orator. He was hired by the society to try to get slavery immediately abolished on moral and religious grounds, a concept called "immediatism." He quickly took up the dissemination of the Society's creed: "To uphold slavery is a crime before God, and the condition must, therefore, be immediately abolished." In 1832 he travelled to Scotland, where he gained an interest in the abolition of slavery in the United States and other parts of the world. While in Scotland he also met William Lloyd Garrison, who would remain a lifelong friend and colleague, as well as Nathaniel Paul, an African-American abolitionist. In Glasgow in 1833 he debated with Peter Borthwick, who had been appointed by the West India Association to defend slavery.

Thompson was invited by Garrison to visit New England, and this proposal was not only accepted by his supporters in Glasgow but the Edinburgh Emancipation Society was formed so that it too could back Thompson's journey. From 1836 to 1847 he was active in every major anti-slavery debate in Britain, including the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. In 1847 he was elected to the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Tower Hamlets.

Thompson was also an advocate of East Indian reform, free trade, Chartism, nonresistance, and the peace movement. However, he was most prominent in his work to eliminate slavery at home and abroad, often protesting legislation that offered limited or gradual restriction on slavery. Favoring a quick and decisive emancipation of all slaves, he was ultimately unsatisfied with the British Emancipation Act of 1833, because it forced slaves to work as apprentices for six years after their "liberation." He therefore used his position in Parliament to push for additional legislation.

Activism in the United States

George Thompson was an active lecturer, and he willingly pointed out the role that America played in the perpetuation of slavery. He first traveled to the United States in 1834, where he attracted the attention of pro-slavery men, and barely escaped being captured by them after one of his lecturing sessions. His lecture circuit that year was credited with the formation of over 150 anti-slavery societies around the US, and inspired many to join the anti-slavery cause. The resistance to his platform did not abate, and he was forced to return to Britain, via Tasmania (Australia). The Hobart Town Courier newspaper, 8 Jul 1836, carried a letter, penned by Thompson in November of the previous year, intended for Patrick Letham of Glasgow. In his letter, Thompson states that he had arrived "within the hour" at New Brunswick, Canada, by British brig, having "left the United States to escape the assassin's knife". The editor's note adds that attempts to "burn and murder" him had been made in several US towns.

When the Fugitive Slave Law was passed in 1850, Thompson returned to the United States, and he was this time quite popular among proponents of abolitionism, now that the movement had increased in size and influence.

In 1859, with his son-in-law Frederick William Chesson, he founded the London Emancipation Society, which strongly supported the Union side in the American Civil War.  In 1860, Thompson and Frederick Douglass debated the nature of the United States Constitution in the context of slavery.  Their debates were highly publicized and later published in pamphlet form as The Constitution of the United States: is it pro-slavery or anti-slavery?

During a final visit in 1864, he allied with William Wells Brown in advocating the destruction of slavery. He also met Abraham Lincoln, and both supported and witnessed the final destruction of the Confederacy at Fort Sumter in 1865.

British India Society
He was involved in the setting up of the British India Society in 1839. He was also the President of the Bengal British India Society, which was established in 1843. Bengal British India Society aimed to study the actual condition of people in British India, promote loyalty to the British rule and promote general public interest.

Return to England and death

Thompson became ill and traveled back to his home country, where he died in 1878, and was buried in Beckett Street Cemetery, Leeds. While his advocacy of abolitionism went relatively unnoticed after his death, his efforts to effect a worldwide abolitionist movement cannot be ignored. His profession as activist allowed him to make a living by supporting the cause that he cared about, as well as enabling him to make unprecedented steps in freeing enslaved peoples around the world.

Personal life
On 29 January 1831 in Islington, Thompson married Anne Erskine Lorraine Spry. Thompson had several children who survived to adulthood: Louisa Eliza Spry (m. Frederick Arthur Nosworthy), Amelia Ann Everard (m. Frederick William Chesson), George Herbert (m. Marianne Cronin), and Edith. Another son, named after William Lloyd Garrison, died aged 15. A daughter, named after Elizabeth Pease, died aged 6.

References

External links

 The Liberator Files, Items concerning George Thompson from Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.
 Thompson Chesson Scrapbooks From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress
 Constitution of the United States : 1. Lecture by George Thompson, Esq., City Hall, Glasgow, and a reply by Frederick Douglass

Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1847–1852
English abolitionists
1804 births
1878 deaths
British expatriates in the United States


Montautour (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Montautour are called in French montaltoriens.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


is a Japanese professional football manager and former player, who is currently manager J1 League club Kashima Antlers. He also played for the Japan national team.

Club career
Iwamasa was born in Suo-Oshima, Yamaguchi on 30 January 1982. He was educated at and played for Iwakuni High School and Tokyo Gakugei University before turning professional. He started his professional career at Kashima Antlers where he later became one of the club's longest serving players. He became a regular player at center back from late first season. The club won the champions in J1 League for three years in a row (2007–2009) first time in J1 League history. He was also elected Best XI for three years in a row. The club also won 2007, 2010 Emperor's Cup, 2011 and 2012 J.League Cup. His opportunity to play decreased in 2013 and he left the club end of 2013 season.

In 2014, he moved to BEC Tero Sasana, Thailand, and helped the club win 2014 Thai League Cup in which he scored a goal in the final match. In 2015, he returned to Japan, playing for Fagiano Okayama. In 2017, he moved to Regional Leagues club Tokyo United FC. He retired at the end of the 2018 season.

International career
Iwamasa was the captain of the Japan team that won the 2003 Summer Universiade held in Daegu, South Korea, where he scored a goal in the final of the tournament. He received the first call-up for Japan national team in 2008 by newly appointed coach Takeshi Okada. On 10 October 2009, he made his international debut in a friendly match against Scotland. He was also one of the final 23 Japan national football players participating in 2010 FIFA World Cup although did not play any minute during the tournament. After 2010 World Cup, in January 2011, he was selected Japan for 2011 AFC Asian Cup by new manager Alberto Zaccheroni. At 2011 Asian Cup, he played in four matches and Japan won the champions. He played eight games for Japan until 2011.

Managerial career
Iwamasa's first managerial appointment was in 2017 as player-coach for Tokyo United FC. After retiring as a player in 2018, in 2021 he became manager of Jobu University's football team. For the 2022 season, Iwamasa became the assistant manager of Kashima Antlers and took charge of a number of games whilst new manager René Weiler awaited entry to the country due to COVID-19 quarantine restrictions. In August 2022, it was announced that Iwamasa would be promoted to manager of Kashima Antlers following the departure of Weiler.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Kashima Antlers
J1 League: 2007, 2008, 2009
Emperor's Cup: 2007, 2010
J.League Cup: 2011, 2012
Japanese Super Cup: 2009, 2010

BEC Tero Sasana
Thai League Cup: 2014

Japan
 AFC Asian Cup: 2011

Individual
J.League Best XI: 2007, 2008, 2009

References

External links

 Japan National Football Team Database

1982 births
Living people
Tokyo Gakugei University alumni
Association football people from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Japan men's international footballers
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
Universiade medalists in football
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Daiki Iwamasa
Kashima Antlers players
Daiki Iwamasa
Fagiano Okayama players
Japanese expatriate men's footballers
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
J1 League managers
Kashima Antlers managers
Tokyo United FC players
Japanese football managers


Chrysallida is a speciose genus of minute sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini.

Taxonomy
The genus Folinella had two preoccupied names - Amoura De Folin, 1873 not J.E. Gray 1847, and Funicularia Monterosato, 1884 not Forbes, 1845.

The genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 has been used as a catchall, particularly in the European literature following a lead by Winckworth (1932), for most pyramidellids having both axial and spiral sculpture but having otherwise little in common with the Californian type species C. communis (C. B. Adams, 1852). A statement that this is incorrect was voiced by van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud (2000: 21) who nevertheless still used Chrysallida as the genus to include many Eastern Atlantic species, distributed into several subgenera. Micali, Nofroni & Perna (2012) restored usage of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 for several species formerly placed in Chrysallida. This move was continued by Høisæter (2014), Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen (2014) and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2014) who are here followed, but there are still many species remaining unduly under Chrysallida. For these, we have refrained from making new combinations not backed by (or implicit from) a published source. Nevertheless, all the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus, now raised to full genus, have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.

Distribution
Species within the genus Chrysallida are commonly distributed in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions, the Arctic and the Antarctic. It is mainly known from coastal areas, and is uncommon in deep elevations such as trenches in the sea.

The members of Chrysallida are ectoparasites on serpulid polychaetes.

Species
There are multiple species within the genus Chrysallida, these include the following in alphabetical order:

 Chrysallida affinis (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida africana van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
 Chrysallida angusta Carpenter, 1864
 Chrysallida annobonensis Peñas & Rolán, 2002
 Chrysallida asiatica Corgan, 1970
 Chrysallida australis Thiele, 1930
 Chrysallida bellula A. Adams, 1860
 Chrysallida bjoernssoni Warén, 1991
 Chrysallida boucheti Peñas & Rolán, 1999
 Chrysallida caelatura (Laseron, 1951)
 Chrysallida canariensis Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979
 Chrysallida cancellata (d'Orbigny, 1841)
 † Chrysallida cantaurana Landau & LaFollette, 2015
 Chrysallida carpinei van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida castleraghensis Saurin, 1959
 Chrysallida chetelati Saurin, 1962
 Chrysallida communis (C.B. Adams, 1852)
 Chrysallida conifera Pimenta, 2012
 Chrysallida connexa (Dautzenberg, 1912)
 Chrysallida costellata A. Adams, 1861
 Chrysallida culaoniana Saurin, 1959
 † Chrysallida curvicostata (Grant-Mackie & Chapman-Smith, 1971)
 Chrysallida declivata (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida decorata (Philippi, 1849)
 Chrysallida dux (Dall & Bartsch, 1906)
 † Chrysallida eocenica (Laws, 1941)
 Chrysallida epitonoides van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida erucella A. Adams, 1863
 Chrysallida eugeniae Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848)
 Chrysallida foveata Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004
 Chrysallida foveolata (A. Adams, 1860)
 Chrysallida galbula A. Adams, 1863
 Chrysallida gemmulosa (C. B. Adams, 1850)
 Chrysallida genouillyi Saurin, 1962
 Chrysallida gitzelsi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida gubbiolii Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida gunnamatta (Laseron, 1951)
 Chrysallida herosae Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida hoeisaeteri Warén, 1991
 Chrysallida hoenselaari van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida honnorati Saurin, 1959
 Chrysallida horii van Aartsen, gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida impercepta Schander, 1994
 Chrysallida indistincta (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
 Chrysallida innocua Corgan, 1970
 Chrysallida insularis (Oliver, 1915)
 Chrysallida intorta Hoffman & Freiwald, 2017
 Chrysallida intumescens Schander, 1994
 Chrysallida kesteveni (Hedley, 1907)
 Chrysallida kymatodes (Watson, 1886)
 Chrysallida leoni Fernández-Garcés, Peñas & Rolán, 2011
 Chrysallida littoralis (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida lucida (Laseron, 1950)
 Chrysallida maoria (Powell, 1940)
 Chrysallida mayii (Tate, 1898)
 Chrysallida mcmillanae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida medialuna Faber, 2008
 Chrysallida megembryon Saurin, 1958
 Chrysallida menkhorsti van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida metula A. Adams, 1860
 Chrysallida minna A. Adams, 1860
 Chrysallida minutissima (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906)
 Chrysallida mirationis (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida multicostata (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida multituberculata (Castellanos, 1982)
 Chrysallida munda A. Adams, 1860
 Chrysallida nana (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida navisa (Dall & Bartsch, 1907)
 Chrysallida nioba (Dall & Bartsch, 1911)
 Chrysallida ovalis Thiele, 1930
 Chrysallida pelorcei Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida phanthietina Saurin, 1958
 Chrysallida projectura (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida pura (Saurin, 1962)
 Chrysallida pusio A. Adams, 1861
 Chrysallida pygmaea A. Adams, 1861
 Chrysallida pyrgulina Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida ryalli Peñas & Rolán, 2002
 Chrysallida saurini Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004
 Chrysallida seamounti Peñas & Rolán, 1999
 Chrysallida semiplicata A. Adams, 1860
 Chrysallida semipunctata Nomura, 1937
 Chrysallida sibana (Yokoyama, 1927)
 Chrysallida simulans (Chaster, 1898) (taxon inquirendum)
 Chrysallida sixtoi Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida spiralis (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida stefanisi (Jeffreys, 1869)
 Chrysallida stupa Hori & Fukuda, 1999
 Chrysallida sublustris (Friele, 1886)
 Chrysallida subtantilla Golikov in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967
 Chrysallida terebra A. Adams, 1861
 Chrysallida thetisae Espinosa & Ortea, 2011
 Chrysallida trachis (Dall & Bartsch, 1909)
 Chrysallida tribulationis (Hedley, 1909)
 Chrysallida trifuniculata (Saurin, 1962)
 Chrysallida turbonillaeformis van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
 Chrysallida typica (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida vanbruggeni van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
 Chrysallida verdensis Peñas & Rolán, 1998
 Chrysallida vignali (Lamy, 1910)
 Chrysallida vincentina (Tryon, 1886)
 Chrysallida vincula (Laseron, 1951)
 Chrysallida zea (Hedley, 1902)
 † Chrysallida zecarinata Laws, 1948

Synonyms
The following species were brought into synonymy

 Chrysallida alleryi (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of Parthenina monterosatii (Clessin, 1900)
 Chrysallida angulosa (Monterosato, 1889): synonym of Parthenina angulosa (Monterosato, 1889)
 Chrysallida anselmoi Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Parthenina anselmoi (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
 Chrysallida antimaiae Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina obesa (Dautzenberg, 1912)
 Chrysallida approximans (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Kongsrudia approximans (Dautzenberg, 1912)
 Chrysallida brattstroemi Warén, 1991: synonym of Parthenina brattstroemi (Warén, 1991)
 Chrysallida brevicula (Jeffreys, 1883): synonym of Turbonilla amoena (Monterosato, 1878)
 Chrysallida brusinai (Cossmann, 1921): synonym of Spiralinella incerta (Milaschewitsch, 1916)
 Chrysallida buijsei De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of Fargoa bushiana (Bartsch, 1909)
 Chrysallida casta A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina casta (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida clathrata (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of  Parthenina clathrata (Jeffreys, 1848)
 Chrysallida columna: synonym of Pyrgulina columna (Laseron, 1959)
 Chrysallida colungiana F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903)
 Chrysallida consobrina A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina consobrina (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida convexa (Carpenter, 1857): synonym of Besla convexa (Carpenter, 1857)
 Chrysallida dantarti Peñas & Rolán, 2008: synonym of  Parthenina dantarti (Peñas & Rolán, 2008)
 Chrysallida decussata (Montagu, 1803): synonym of  Parthenina decussata (Montagu, 1803)
 Chrysallida dekkeri van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina dekkeri (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida dimidiata Schander, 1994: synonym of Pyrgulina dimidiata (Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida doliolum (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Odostomella doliolum (Philippi, 1844)
 Chrysallida dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of Parthenina dollfusi (Kobelt, 1903)
 Chrysallida elegans (de Folin, 1870): synonym of Liamorpha elegans (de Folin, 1870)
 Chrysallida emaciata (Brusina, 1866): synonym of Parthenina emaciata (Brusina, 1866)
 Chrysallida ersei Schander, 1994: synonym of Kongsrudia ersei (Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida excavata (Philippi, 1836): synonym of Folinella excavata (Phillippi, 1836)
 Chrysallida eximia (Jeffreys, 1849): synonym of Parthenina eximia (Jeffreys, 1849)
 Chrysallida faberi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina faberi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida falcifera (Watson, 1881): synonym of Tragula falcifera (Watson, 1881)
 Chrysallida farolita F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina interstincta (Adams J., 1797)
 Chrysallida feldi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina feldi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of Tragula fenestrata (Jeffreys, 1848)
 Chrysallida fischeri (Hornung & Mermod, 1925): synonym of Pyrgulina fischeri Hornung & Mermod, 1925
 Chrysallida flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874): synonym of Parthenina flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874)
 Chrysallida gabmulderi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina gabmulderi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida ghisottii (van Aartsen, 1984): synonym of Folinella ghisottii van Aartsen, 1984
 Chrysallida gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910): synonym of Kongsrudia gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910)
 Chrysallida humilis (Preston, 1905): synonym of  Quirella humilis (Preston, 1905)
 Chrysallida incerta (Milaschewitsch, 1916): synonym of Spiralinella incerta (Milaschewich, 1916)
 Chrysallida inconspicua A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Chrysallida innocua Corgan, 1970
 Chrysallida indistincta (Montagu, 1808): synonym of  Parthenina indistincta (Montagu, 1808)
 Chrysallida intermixta (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of Parthenina monozona (Brusina, 1869)
 Chrysallida interspatiosa van der Linden & Eikenboom, 1992: synonym of Parthenina flexuosa (Monterosato, 1874)
 Chrysallida interstincta (Adams J., 1797): synonym of Parthenina interstincta (J. Adams, 1797)
 Chrysallida jadisi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of Boonea jadisi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958)
 Chrysallida jeffreysiana (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of Trabecula jeffreysiana Monterosato, 1884
 Chrysallida jordii Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Folinella moolenbeeki van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998
 Chrysallida josae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina josae (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida juliae (de Folin, 1872): synonym of  Parthenina juliae (de Folin, 1872)
 Chrysallida jullieni (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Pyrgulina jullieni Dautzenberg, 1912
 Chrysallida kempermani van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Pyrgulina kempermani (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida kronenbergi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Trabecula kronenbergi (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida lacourti F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Spiralinella spiralis (Dillwyn, 1817)
 Chrysallida limitum (Brusina in de Folin & Périer, 1876): synonym of Parthenina limitum (Brusina in de Folin & Périer, 1876)
 Chrysallida maiae (Hornung & Mermod, 1924): synonym of Pyrgulina maiae Hornung & Mermod, 1924
 Chrysallida manonegra Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Chrysallida minutissima (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906)
 Chrysallida mariella (A. Adams, 1860): synonym of Egilina mariella (A. Adams, 1860)
 Chrysallida mariellaeformis: synonym of Babella mariellaeformis (Nomura, 1938)
 Chrysallida marthinae Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of Spiralinella marthinae (Nofroni & Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida mauritanica Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Parthenina mauritanica (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
 Chrysallida micronana Ozturk & van Aartsen, 2006: synonym of Pyrgulina nana Hornung & Mermod, 1924
 Chrysallida monozona (Brusina, 1869): synonym of Parthenina monozona (Brusina, 1869)
 Chrysallida monterosatii (Clessin, 1900): synonym of Parthenina monterosatii (Clessin, 1900)
 Chrysallida moolenbeeki Amati, 1987: synonym of Parthenina moolenbeeki (Amati, 1987)
 Chrysallida muinaiensis (Saurin, 1962): synonym of Spiralinella muinaiensis Saurin, 1962
 Chrysallida multicostata (Jeffreys, 1884): synonym of Parthenina multicostata (Jeffreys, 1884)
 Chrysallida mumia A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Turbonilla mumia (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida mutata (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Kongsrudia mutata (Dautzenberg, 1912)
 Chrysallida nanodea (Monterosato, 1878): synonym of Parthenina juliae (de Folin, 1872)
 Chrysallida nivosa (Montagu, 1803): synonym of Jordaniella nivosa (Montagu, 1803)
 Chrysallida obesa (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of Pyrgulina obesa Dautzenberg, 1912
 Chrysallida obtusa (Brown, 1827): synonym of Chrysallida interstincta (Adams J., 1797), synonym of Parthenina interstincta (J. Adams, 1797)
 Chrysallida oodes (Watson, 1886): synonym of Pyrgulina oodes (Watson, 1886)
 Chrysallida opaca Hedley, 1906: synonym of Odostomella opaca (Hedley, 1906)
 Chrysallida palazzii Micali, 1984: synonym of  Parthenina palazzii (Micali, 1984)
 Chrysallida parasigmoidea Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina parasigmoidea (Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida pellucida (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of Spiralinella spiralis (Montagu, 1803)
 Chrysallida penchynati: synonym of Parthenina penchynati (Bucquoy, 1883)
 Chrysallida perscalata (Hedley, 1909): synonym of Linopyrga perscalata (Hedley, 1909)
 Chrysallida pinguis Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Pyrgulina pinguis (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
 Chrysallida pirinthella (Melvill, 1910): synonym of Pyrgulina pirinthella Melvill, 1910
 Chrysallida plicata A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Pyrgulina plicata (A. Adams, 1860)
 Chrysallida pontica Grossu, 1986: synonym of Parthenina pontica (Grossu, 1986)
 Chrysallida pseudalveata Nomura, 1936: synonym of Pyrgulina pseudalveata (Nomura, 1936)
 Chrysallida pulchella A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Pyrgulina pulchella (A. Adams, 1860)
 Chrysallida pulchra Gaglini, 1992: synonym of Miralda elegans (de Folin, 1870): synonym of Liamorpha elegans (de Folin, 1870)
 Chrysallida punctigera (A. Adams, 1860): synonym of Linopyrga punctigera (A. Adams, 1860)
 Chrysallida pupula (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of Pyrgulina pupula (A. Adams, 1861)
 Chrysallida pyttelilla Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina pyttelilla (Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida rinaldii Micali & Nofroni, 2004: synonym of Parthenina rinaldii (Micali & Nofroni, 2004)
 Chrysallida rufolineata A. Adams, 1863: synonym of Odostomella rufolineata (A. Adams, 1863)
 Chrysallida sarsi: synonym of Parthenina sarsi (Nordsieck, 1972)
 Chrysallida sergei Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina sergei (Nofroni & Schander, 1994)
 Chrysallida sigma: synonym of Kunopia sigma (Hedley, 1907)
 Chrysallida sigmoidea (Monterosato, 1880): synonym of Strioturbonilla sigmoidea (Monterosato, 1880)
 Chrysallida spiralis (Montagu, 1803): synonym of Spiralinella spiralis (Dillwyn, 1817)
 Chrysallida suturalis (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Parthenina suturalis (Philippi, 1844)
 Chrysallida tantilla (A. Adams, 1863): synonym of Linopyrga tantilla (A. Adams, 1863)
 Chrysallida terebellum (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Parthenina terebellum (Philippi, 1844)
 Chrysallida terryi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of Ivara terryi (Olsson & McGinty, 1958)
 Chrysallida toroensis (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of Mumiola gradatula (Mörch, 1876)
 Chrysallida tricincta (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of Odostomella doliolum (Philippi, 1844)
 Chrysallida truncatula (Jeffreys, 1850): synonym of Jordaniella truncatula (Jeffreys, 1850)
 Chrysallida ultralaeta Nomura, 1936: synonym of Parthenina ultralaeta (Nomura, 1936)
 Chrysallida undata (Watson, 1897): synonym of Trabecula jeffreysiana Monterosato, 1884
 Chrysallida vanderlindeni van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Pyrgulina vanderlindeni (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
 Chrysallida willeminae van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina willeminae (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)

Ecology
Little is known about the ecology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are most likely ectoparasites.

References

 Carpenter P.P. (1856) Description of new species and varieties of Calyptraeidae, Trochidae, and Pyramidellidae, principally in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 24: 166-171
 Adams A. (1863). On the species of Pyramidellinae found in Japan. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 7: 1-6
 Schaufuss L.W. (ed). 1869. Molluscorum systema et catalogus. System una Aufzählung sämmtlicher Conchylien der Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. 4 pp unpaginated, pp. i-xiv and 1-119. Dresden
 de Folin L. 1870. D'une méthode de classification pour les coquilles de la famille des Chemnitzidae. Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département du Maine et Loire 12: 191-202
 Monterosato T. A. (di) (1884). Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee. Palermo, Virzi pp. 152 [month of publication unknown, but later than February (the paper in Naturalista Siciliano, cited p. 57)
 Dall W.H. & Bartsch P. 1909. A Monograph of West American Pyramidellid Mollusks. Bulletin, United States National Museum, 68: i-xii, 1-258, 30 pl.
 Iredale T. (1915). Notes on the names of some British marine Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 11(6): 329-342
 Iredale T. 1917. Molluscan name-changes, generic and specific. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 12: 322-330
 Corgan J.X. 1973. The names Partulida Schaufuss, 1869 and Spiralinella Chaster, 1901 (Gastropoda, Pyramidellacea). Journal of Conchology, 28: 9-10.
 Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
 Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

Further reading

External links

 Chrysallida nioba- Niobe odostome
 Chrysallida toroensis
 Occurrence of the genus Chrysallida
 Folinella sp.
 To ITIS

Pyramidellidae


Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland is a music group, a collaboration between Turkish progressive metal band Dreamtone and Greek singer Iris Mavraki. Commonly abbreviated as "Neverland", their music can be best described as Symphonic power metal.

History
In 2004, Neverland's former manager Orpheus Spiliotopoulos listened to Dreamtone's first demo, Unforeseen Reflections and later introduced the band and Iris Mavraki to each other. Throughout the writing and composing stages of the songs, Iris was in Greece and Dreamtone were in Turkey. During this time, they recorded a collection of demos (two of which are on the special edition of the band's first CD). In December 2007, Neverland signed their first record contract with AFM Records and set out to record their debut album, Reversing Time.

Teaming up with the guest artists Hansi Kürsch, Tom Englund, Gary Wehrkamp and Mike Baker, they recorded the band's first 12 tracks. The album was released in February 2008 after visiting 8 studios before finalized. Also during Hansi Kürsch's recording sessions, the recordings had to be rescheduled six times and cancelled once due to various reasons, from touring to storms destroying studio rooftops. Mike Baker, the recently deceased singer, reserved the track Reversing Time when he first heard it, without a second thought. This track was his final officially released singer appearance and ironically the song is about a person trying to reverse the time and stop his death.

Future
As of February 1, 2009, Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland are recording their second album which is to be released through AFM Records.

Band members

Current members
 Oganalp Canatan - Vocals
 Iris Mavraki - Vocals
 Onur Ozkoc - Guitars
 Burak Kahraman - Guitars
 Emrecan Sevdin - Drums
 Can Dedekarginoglu - Bass
 Guney Ozsan - Keyboard

Guest Artists

Discography

Studio albums
 Reversing Time (2008)
 Ophidia (2010)

Compilations
 Power and Glory - The Best Power Metal Hymns Vol. 1 (2008)

See also
 Blind Guardian
 Evergrey
 Shadow Gallery

References

External links
 Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland Homepage
 Dreamtone Homepage
 Dreamtone & Iris Mavraki's Neverland at MySpace
 Iris Mavraki at MySpace

Turkish heavy metal musical groups
Power metal musical groups
Symphonic metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2005