Christmas in Vienna III (known in the USA as Vienna Noël) is a 1995 Christmas album released by Spanish operatic tenor Plácido Domingo, French chanson and pop music star Charles Aznavour, and Norwegian crossover soprano Sissel Kyrkjebø on the Sony Classical label.

It was recorded on December 22, 1994, at the Alte Winterreitschule in Vienna, Austria, the third of Plácido Domingo's numerous Christmas in Vienna concerts. The Vienna Symphony, under the direction of maestro Vjekoslav Šutej, provided orchestral accompanying to the three singers, and the Vienna Children's Choir provided choral backups.

The concert proved to be a success; the recorded event was broadcast internationally and released as an album internationally during the 1995 Christmas season. It reached the number one spot on the Norwegian albums chart.

Track listing
 Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
 Noëls D'autrefois
 When a Child is Born
 A Very Private Christmas
 Ave Maria
 Carol of the Bells
 Es ist ein Ros entsprungen/Det Hev Ei Rose Sprunge
 Un Enfant Est Né
 I'll Walk with God
 Un Enfant de Toi pour Noël/My Own Child for Christmas from You
 The Twelve Days of Christmas
 Medley: It's Christmas Time All over the World/Auld Lang Syne/Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow/Let There Be Peace on Earth/We Wish You a Merry Christmas
 Kum Ba Yah, My Lord
 Silent Night/Noche de Paz/Stille Nacht

Chart performance

See also
 Christmas in Vienna
 Christmas in Vienna II
 Christmas in Vienna VI

References

1995 Christmas albums
1995 live albums
Live Christmas albums
Plácido Domingo albums
Sissel Kyrkjebø albums
Christmas albums by Spanish artists
Christmas albums by French artists
Christmas albums by Norwegian artists


Sound of Music is the second studio album by punk band the Adicts, released in November 1982 by Razor Records. It was re-released by Captain Oi! Records in 2002 and by SOS Records in 2006, each with different bonus tracks. In 2002, Taang! Records reissued the album, along with Smart Alex and bonus tracks, as The Collection. The same Sound of Music disc, with bonus tracks, was released separately in 2004.

Track listing
All songs written by Keith Warren and Pete Davison, except as noted.
 "How Sad"
 "4-3-2-1"
 "Chinese Takeaway"
 "Johnny Was a Soldier"
 "Disco"
 "Eyes in the Back of Your Head"
 "Joker in the Pack"
 "Lullaby"
 "My Baby Got Run Over by a Steamroller"
 "A Man's Gotta Do"
 "Let's Go"
 "Easy Way Out"
 "Shake Rattle, Bang Your Head"
2002 Captain Oi! CD Bonus Tracks
"You'll Never Walk Alone" (Rodgers and Hammerstein)
 "Too Young"
 "I Wanna Be Sedated" (Ramones)
2002 Taang! CD bonus tracks
"You'll Never Walk Alone" (Rodgers & Hammerstein)
 "Too Young"
 "The Odd Couple"
 "Who Spilt My Beer?"
 "Come Along"
 "I Wanna Be Sedated" (Ramones)
 "It's a Laugh"
 "Zimbabwe Brothers Are Go"
2006 SOS CD Bonus Tracks
"You'll Never Walk Alone" (Rodgers & Hammerstein)
 "Too Young"
 "Zimbabwe Brothers Are Go"
"Steamroller"

Personnel

The Adicts
 Keith "Monkey" Warren - vocals
 Pete "Pete Dee" Davison - guitar
 Mel "Spider" Ellis - bass
 Michael "Kid Dee" Davison - drums

Release history

References

1982 albums
The Adicts albums


Charles Vaurie (7 July 1906 – 13 May 1975, Reading, Pennsylvania) was a French-born American ornithologist. He was born in Beaulieu sur Dordogne, France but moved to Trenton, New Jersey as a youth. He studied at New York University and then qualified as a dentist at the University of Pennsylvania in 1928.

An interest in painting birds developed, and after marrying his entomologist wife, Patricia Wilson, in 1934, the two shared numerous field trips. Vaurie became associated with the American Museum of Natural History and by 1946 he was a Research Associate. He went on to produce more than 150 ornithological publications. His most important work was a systematic review of Palearctic birds. By 1956, he was a full-time ornithologist at AMNH, and rose to Curator by 1967. At the time of his death he was a member of the Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature of the International Ornithological Congress.

He described for the first time the cryptic flycatcher (Ficedula crypta), Vilcabamba thistletail (Schizoeaca vilcabambae), and Vaurie's nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus).

Partial bibliography
 A Revision of the bird family Dicruridae. N.Y., 1949.
 "Systematic notes on Palearctic birds". N.Y. 1956 (American Museum of Natural History, American Museum Novitates)
 A generic revision of Fly-catchers of the tribe Muscicapini. N.Y., 1953.
 "Notes on some Ploceidae from Western Asia"; "Notes on some Asiatic Finches"; "Notes on the bird genus Oenanthe in Persia, Afghanistan, and India;" and several other articles all published in the American Museum Novitates. N.Y., 1949–1952.
 "A generic revision of Flycatchers of the tribe Muscicapini". N.Y., 1953. pp.27 figs & 7 tables. Wrapp. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History – Vol. 100: Art. 4.
 The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna: a Systematic Reference (2 Vols. )1959
 Classification of the Ovenbirds (Furnariidae). London, 1971.
 Tibet and its birds. 1972

References

1906 births
1975 deaths
American ornithologists
People from Trenton, New Jersey
People associated with the American Museum of Natural History
20th-century American zoologists
University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine alumni
New York University alumni
French emigrants to the United States


These are the official results of the Women's 200 metres event at the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Rome, Italy. There were a total number of 31 participating athletes, with four qualifying heats and the final held on Thursday 1987-09-03.

Results

Final
Thursday, 3 September 1987  Wind: +1.2

Semifinals
Thursday, 3 September 1987
Wind:
Heat 1: -1.0
Heat 2: -1.9

Heats
Tuesday, 1 September 1987
Wind:
Heat 1: -3.4
Heat 2: -0.6
Heat 3: -2.6
Heat 4: -0.6

See also
 1983 Women's World Championships 200 metres (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships 200 metres (Stuttgart)
 1988 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Seoul)
 1990 Women's European Championships 200 metres (Split)
 1991 Women's World Championships 200 metres (Tokyo)
 1992 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Barcelona)

References
 Results

200 metres at the World Athletics Championships
1987 in women's athletics


In Panamanian football, the ANAPROF Apertura 2008 season (officially "Torneo Apertura 2008") started on February 22, 2008. On May 31, 2008, the Apertura 2008 finalized with San Francisco F.C. crowned five time ANAPROF champion after beating Tauro F.C. 3–1.

Changes for Apertura 2008
The league was split into two groups for the regular season with a 4-team playoff after the season was completed. The semifinals are two-leg playoffs, and the final is a single match. The 4 teams qualified for the playoff are decided based in an aggregate table.
Group A is integrated by Atlético Chiriquí, Atletico Veragüense, San Francisco F.C., Plaza Amador and Municipal Chorrillo and Group B is integrated by Tauro F.C., Arabe Unido, Chepo F.C., Sporting San Miguelito and Alianza.
The last team in the general standings will play a playoff against the champion of Primera A instead of facing direct relegation.
The total numbers of games was reduced to 13 game weeks because the Panamanian football federation wanted to end the season as soon as possible in order to have all national team players ready for the 2010 World Cup qualification.

Teams

Standings

Group A

Group B

Results table

Final round

Semifinals 1st Leg (Semifinales - Juego de ida)

Semifinals 2nd Leg (Semifinales - Juego de vuelta)

San Francisco advances to final 3–1 on penalties

Final

Since San Francisco already qualified for 2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League, Tauro also qualified.

Top goalscorers

Goalscorers by team

Local derby statistics

El Super Clasico Nacional - Tauro v Plaza Amador

Clasico del Pueblo - Plaza Amador v Chorillo

Clasico Interiorano - Atlético Chiriquí v Atlético Veragüense

ANAPROF seasons
1
Pan


Michael Levinsohn (born 25 January 1962) is a South African entrepreneur who has successfully established a number of mobile marketing businesses and financed the production of some albums by notable musicians, including Miriam Makeba and Rick Wakeman.

History
Michael Levinsohn was born on 25 January 1962 in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Michael matriculated at Potchefstroom High School for Boys in 1979.  He represented his school and province (state) at both field hockey and biathlon.  He also won an Inter High Schools speech competition.  He completed his compulsory national service in 1981, at 1 Special Service Battalion, graduating as a 2nd Lieutenant and attended the University of the Witwatersrand for three years, where he read for a law degree.

Entrepreneurship
Between 1988 and 2005 he co-founded a number of businesses including Kismet Marketing (Pty) Ltd., Atlantic Finance & Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd., and Digital Vouchers (Pty) Ltd.  He was also a director of various companies listed on the JSE Securities Exchange including Lanchem Ltd., Ventel Ltd., and Integrated Consumer Products Ltd, where he was the controlling shareholder and chief executive officer. In March 2008, USA based Sovereign Wealth Corp acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares in Digital Vouchers (Pty) Ltd, a business Michael founded in 2003, in an all share exchange agreement. He was subsequently appointed president and chief executive officer of Sovereign Wealth Corp. which was renamed Lenco Mobile Inc.

In 1998, Michael co-founded Webworks (Pty) Ltd., the company which developed the smart card based Infinity CRM program, which became the largest privately owned CRM and loyalty program in South Africa, with 1.2 million cardholders.  Infinity's technology was recognized internationally as leading edge at the time.  Infinity was invited to become a partner in MasterCard's international vendor program in 2002.  Infinity was also voted the leading independent loyalty program in South Africa in 2002 in an independent study carried out by World Wide Worx (Pty) Ltd.

For twenty years, Michael was the Managing Director of Sterling Trust (Pty) Ltd, a company he co-founded in 1985.  Sterling Trust (Pty) Ltd advised many South African companies on mergers and acquisitions in the technology, light engineering and financial services sectors.  He is also a director of 121 Marketing (Pty) Ltd., a strategic marketing company that focuses on the Customer Relationship Management and loyalty industries.  Levinsohn was appointed the CEO of Mobicom Corporation in January 2008. He was also formerly responsible for the investments of the South African National Civics Organisation. In January 2009 he was responsible for establishing Lenco Mobile Inc., in the United States of America. Lenco Mobile Inc. provides mobile marketing services.

In July 2011, he published a white paper entitled: Ten Trends That Will affect The Future of Mobile Marketing In 2011, he was a committee member of the Mobile Marketing Association's panel on permission based mobile marketing. In 2012, he was appointed to co-chair the Mobile Marketing Association's Marketing Best Practices for Messaging committee, which published a white paper in March 2014.

In December 2011, Lenco Mobile Inc, merged with iLoop Mobile Inc., a mobile marketing company, based in Seattle, WA.  The merged entity, Archer Mobile was considered a world leader in mobile marketing and multimedia messaging technology. Archer Mobile had offices in Seattle, Atlanta, Newport Beach, Chicago, Johannesburg, Mexico City, Singapore and Sydney.  Archer's clients included Coca-Cola, Citi Bank, Starbucks, Western-Union, Skype, Xbox and Experian. Archer Mobile was sold to IMI Mobile UK in 2015.

In early 2008 Michael expanded his business interests to include his passion for motor racing and he formed a partnership with Intersport Racing, a leading American Le Mans, LMP Prototype racing team to build the commercial arm of Intersport Racing. This relationship was discontinued in 2010. In 2013 he formed a new company in partnership with world-renowned sports car champion and team owner, Wayne Taylor. The new company provides mobile marketing services to the motor racing and automotive industries. He was also appointed President of Wayne Taylor Racing in January 2014, and spent a year developing the team's commercial program.

Michael is an expert in Customer Relationship Management programs and strategy. A number of articles written by him about CRM and loyalty have been published by leading South African journals. He has also developed and been awarded a provisional patent for his innovative Mobile Phone and Internet CRM program which provides brand owners and consumers with a fully integrated mobile phone CRM program, and has co-authored patents for the delivery of MMS messages to mobile phones.

Music
In 1991, Michael co-financed the production of former Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman's album African Bach through Atlantic Finance and Investment Holdings.

In 2000, he was the Executive Producer and financier of Miriam Makeba's album Homeland, which was nominated for a Grammy Award as Best World Music Album.

Michael was also a co-owner for five years of The Blues Room, which was voted the top live music venue in Johannesburg six times in a row.

References

1962 births
South African businesspeople
Living people


Maze procedure may refer to:
 Cox maze procedure, a type of cardiac surgery for atrial fibrillation
 Minimaze procedure, cardiac surgery procedures for atrial fibrillation (AF) derived from the original maze procedure


The Cox maze procedure, also known as maze procedure, is a type of heart surgery for atrial fibrillation.

"Maze" refers to the series of incisions arranged in a maze-like pattern in the atria. Today, various methods of minimally invasive maze procedures, collectively named minimaze procedures, are used.

History
James Cox is an American cardiothoracic surgeon. Cox received his medical degree at University of Tennessee Medical Center and completed his training in both General and Cardiothoracic Surgery at Duke University Hospital. Cox and his associates at Duke, and later at Washington University School of Medicine developed the "maze" or "Cox maze" procedure, an "open-heart" cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF).

Incidence of stroke in patients with AF who are anticoagulated is still around 2-5% per year. The first such procedure was performed by Dr. Cox at St. Louis' Barnes Hospital—now Barnes-Jewish Hospital—in 1987.

The intention was to eliminate AF by using incisional scars to block abnormal electrical circuits (atrial macroreentry) that initiate and perpetuate the abnormal electrical waves of AF. This required an extensive series of full-thickness incisions through the walls of both atria, a median sternotomy (vertical incision through the sternum), and cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine; extracorporeal circulation). After the introduction of the initial procedure, a series of improvements were made, culminating in 1992 in the Cox maze III procedure, which is now considered to be the "gold standard" for effective surgical cure of AF. It was quite successful in eliminating AF but had drawbacks as well. The Cox maze III is sometimes referred to as the "traditional maze", the "cut-and-sew maze", or simply the "maze." Damiano and colleagues have described a Cox-Maze IV procedure in 2002 in which they modified the Cox-Maze III technique using a combination of bipolar radiofrequency and cryothermal ablation lines. Since then, the Cox-Maze IV procedure is the gold standard surgical treatment for AF with conversion to normal sinus rhythm and freedom from AF at 1 year postoperatively of 93%.

During the past 10 years, several energy sources, such as unipolar radiofrequency, bipolar radiofrequency, microwave, laser, high-intensity focused ultrasound, and cryothermia, were incorporated into various devices in order to create some of the lesions of the Cox maze III procedure without actually cutting into the atrial walls.  Microwave and laser therapy have both been withdrawn from the market, but the other devices continue to be utilized to treat AF surgically.

References

Cardiac procedures


These are the official results of the Women's 200 metres event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 44 participating athletes, with six qualifying heats and the final held on Sunday 1983-08-14.

Out of the blocks, world record holder Marita Koch in lane 6 slowly made up the stagger on Merlene Ottey in lane 7.  By the time they hit the straightaway, Koch had two metres on Ottey who was about even with Florence Griffith in lane 1.  Down the straightaway, Ottey steadily ate into Koch's lead while the long striding Kathy Cook came from behind to cruise past Griffith.  Sensing the challenge from Ottey, Koch started to lean and struggle the last few steps, but realizing she had won she threw her arms up in victory.

Two years later, Koch would set the world record in the 400 metres to go along with her 200 world record.  She would retire in 1987 with both records; the 400 record has never been beaten.  Five years later, Griffith as Florence Griffith-Joyner would slice more than a second off her time to set the world record that lasts today.  6th place Grace Jackson would slice .9 off her time to finish second to Griffith-Joyner as the #9 performer of all time with Ottey a distant fourth in that race, still .2 faster than this race.  Ottey became the (at the time) #2 performer of all time in 1990.  Surpassed by Marion Jones in 1998, Dafne Schippers in 2015, Gabrielle Thomas in 2021, Elaine Thompson-Herah also in 2021 and Shericka Jackson in 2022. Ottey remains #7 on the all-time list after the longest career for an elite sprinter ever.

Medalists

Records
Existing records at the start of the event.

Final

Semifinals
Held on Saturday 1983-08-13

Quarterfinals
Held on Friday 1983-08-12

Qualifying heats
Held on Friday 1983-08-12

See also
 1980 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Moscow)
 1982 Women's European Championships 200 metres (Athens)
 1984 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships 200 metres (Stuttgart)
 1987 Women's World Championships 200 metres (Rome)
 1988 Women's Olympic 200 metres (Seoul)

References
 Results

200 metres at the World Athletics Championships
1983 in women's athletics


USS Charles Carroll (APA-28) was a   that served with the US Navy during World War II.

Charles Carroll was named after a signatory to the American Declaration of Independence. Initially classified a transport ship, AP-58, the ship was launched as Deluruguay 24 March 1942 by Bethlehem Steel of Sparrows Point, Maryland; acquired by the Navy 13 August 1942; and commissioned the same day.

World War II

Mediterranean Theatre

Invasion of French Morocco
The transport departed Norfolk, Virginia, 24 October 1942 in the Center Attack Group for the landings in North Africa, and on 8 November arrived off Fedhala, French Morocco, to begin the difficult landing of soldiers and their equipment over a beach whose narrow entrance was confined by rocky entrances. Her untried boat crews completed their part in the landing successfully, and on 15 November, Charles Carroll got underway for Norfolk, which she reached 26 November.

Damaged by mine
After replenishment, she sailed 27 December, bound for the Pacific, but while approaching the Canal Zone, struck a mine, and had to put into Balboa for repairs. On 1 February 1943, she was reclassified APA-28, and in March 1943 returned to Chesapeake Bay for training operations. On 8 June, the attack transport sailed for action once more. She carried the 40th Engineer Combat Regiment from Hampton Roads to Oran to Sicily.

Invasion of Sicily
Arriving at Oran 22 June 1943, Charles Carroll rehearsed, then loaded, for the assault on Sicily, and on 10 July, began putting troops ashore through the heavy surf of the Scoglitti beaches. Remaining off Sicily for 6 days, the attack transport repeatedly fired on attacking planes in the furious German air attacks on the assault forces.

Invasion of Italy
After ferrying reinforcements from North Africa, she returned to Oran 18 August to prepare for the invasion of Italy itself, for which she sailed 5 September.

Operating with the Southern Attack Force, Charles Carroll began landing the initial attack waves at Salerno 9 September, where a strong defense of the beach called for, and received, skill and determination from the boat crews. As resistance stiffened, Charles Carroll joined in bringing fresh troops into action, continuing support until 17 November.

Western Theatre

Normandy landings
After short overhaul in Norfolk from 2 January 1944 to 11 February, on 22 February, she arrived in British waters to begin her share of the long and intricate preparations for the return to the continent.

On 5 June 1944, Charles Carroll left England astern headed for formidably protected Omaha Beach with the initial landing force. Overcoming the difficult obstacles placed by the Germans there, her boat crews successfully landed troops of the 29th Division under enemy fire, and all through that historic 6 June plied back and forth, landing additional troops and equipment, and evacuating casualties. Charles Carroll sailed for England that evening.

Invasion of Southern France
After training off Scotland and in Italian waters, Charles Carroll sailed from Naples 13 August 1944 for the invasion of southern France, assigned to the thoroughly mined, well-defended beaches of Saint Raphael, where she got her troops ashore without mishap on 15 August. Until October, she continued to support the advance of troops in southern France with voyages to Marseilles from Naples and Oran with French, British, and American troops, and Italian labor battalions.

Pacific Theatre
Charles Carroll returned to Norfolk 8 November 1944 for overhaul, and to prepare for Pacific deployment. The veteran of five major assaults reached Espiritu Santo, Noumea, 19 January 1945.

Invasion of Okinawa
On 27 March 1945, she sailed from Ulithi in the Northern Attack Force for Okinawa, carrying elements of the 1st Marines to the Hagushi beaches. She landed her troops 1 April in the deceptively quiet opening hours of this later fierce campaign, and remained to support the rapid advance of the Marines across the island for 4 days, firing on the many kamikaze attacks which began to sketch the bloody pattern of this operation. She returned by way of Saipan to Pearl Harbor, where she embarked passengers for San Francisco, arriving 22 August.

After hostilities
After the war, Charles Carroll made five voyages from the west coast to the Philippines and the Far East, carrying occupation troops west-bound, and returning servicemen east-bound. Ports of call included Manila; Nagoya, Sasebo, and Yokosuka, Japan; Tientsin, Shanghai, Qingdao, and Taku, China; and Guam.

Decommission
She was decommissioned and placed in reserve at San Francisco 27 December 1946. She was transferred to the Maritime Commission 29 October 1958.  The vessel was sold for scrap on 1 April 1977 and was broken at General Metals Inc. in Tacoma, Wash., in 1978.

Awards
Charles Carroll received six battle stars for World War II service.

Notes

References

External links

Crescent City-class attack transports
Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1942 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States


Several of the islands strung across the South entrance of Castle Harbour, Bermuda were fortified in the early days of the territory, hence the harbour's name. When official settlement of the archipelago by England began in 1612 (unofficial settlement having begun with the 1609 wrecking of the Sea Venture) the first permanent town, St. George's (then called New London) was placed on the North side of St. George's Harbour. St. George's Harbour could be accessed directly by channels from the East. Those channels, however, were shallow, suitable, originally, only for small ships. As a consequence, and despite any major settlement on its shores, Castle Harbour was an important anchorage in the early years of the colony, with its main entrance, Castle Roads being an important route in from the open Atlantic for shipping. It was also a weak point, as it was remote from the defences of St. George's Harbour, and difficult to reach. It was quickly fortified and garrisoned by a standing militia.

Initial fortification by the Virginia Company's (Bermuda was originally settled as an extension of Virginia) first deliberate settlers in 1612, was around the inlets to St. George's Harbour, but by the end of that year work had commenced on Castle Harbour's defences, starting at Castle Island (previously called Gurnett's Head, and King's Island). As a temporary measure, two guns had been salvaged from the 1609 wreck of the Sea Venture, one of which was installed on Castle Island ) in 1612. Proper fortifications were soon raised under the instructions of Governor Richard Moore. King's Castle (called Queen's Castle during the reigns of Queen Anne and Queen Victoria, though, like King's Square in St. George's Town, current practice ignores the sex of the current Monarch) is, today, the oldest surviving English fortification in the New World. It is Bermuda's oldest standing stone building, predating the State House. Its Captain's House, built a year after the State House, in 1621, is the oldest stone home in Bermuda. It is also the oldest standing English house in the New World. In 1614, King's Castle famously repulsed Spain's only ever attack on Bermuda. Two shots were fired from its artillery. Although neither struck, the Spanish vessel abandoned the attack (its crew did not realise that the gunners in the fort had only enough ammunition for one more shot). This fort was used as late as the Second World War by Bermuda's military garrison, with soldiers living in tents within its walls, watching over the channels with machine guns. Other forts built at the South of Castle Harbour included Devonshire Redoubt (1620) and the Landward Fort, on Castle Island, Southampton Fort (1620), on Brangman's Island (originally known as Moore's Island and Southampton Island), at the East side of Castle Roads, Old Castle, or Charles' Fort, (1615), on Goat Island, Pembroke Fort, on Cooper's Island, and Fort Bruere, on the Main Island.

At Ferry Reach, on the north of Castle Harbour (an area now separated by the Causeway), Burnt Point Fort, or Ferry Point Battery (in 1688), and Ferry Island Fort (in the 1790s) were built, and in 1822 a Martello Tower. Ferry Island Fort and the Martello tower were both built by the regular British Army, which had established a permanent Bermuda Garrison following US Independence (although detachments had been posted in Bermuda almost continuously since 1701). The island chain across the South of Castle Harbour (which includes Castle Island) is often referred to as the Castle Islands. Their fortifications are the oldest surviving English New World fortifications (due primarily to their being constructed of stone, whereas contemporary English fortifications on the North American continent were built from timber and earth). They were also the first English coastal fortifications in the New World. Those then existing were depicted and described in the 1624 book, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, by Captain John Smith. As a result of their historical significance, they have been made a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with St. George's Town and other nearby fortifications, like Fort St. Catherine (UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda).

Gallery

References

Military of Bermuda
Fortifications in Bermuda
Batteries in Bermuda
World Heritage Sites in Bermuda
Tourist attractions in Bermuda
St. George's Parish, Bermuda


This is a list of years in Pakistan. See also the timeline of Pakistani history.

21st century

20th century

See also
 Timeline of Karachi
 Timeline of Lahore
 Timeline of Peshawar

Pakistan history-related lists
Pakistan


Erythronium oregonum is a North American species of flowering plant in the lily family which is known by the common name giant white fawnlily or Oregon fawn-lily.

It is native to western North America, where it grows in the Pacific Coast Ranges from southwestern British Columbia to northern California.

Distribution and habitat
In North America from southern British Columbia south to northern California, west of the Cascade Range to the Coast Range and Siskiyous. It grows in meadows, rocky outcrops, and coniferous forests.

Description
Erythronium oregonum is wildflower growing from a bulb 3 to 5 centimeters wide and produces basal, lance-shaped green leaves up to 22 centimeters long and often mottled with brown and white. Thin naked stalks reach up to about 40 centimeters in height, each bearing one flower or sometimes more.

Each flower has white tepals with yellow bases, sometimes streaked with dull red. The flower is often nodding, facing the ground. Its tepals are recurved so their points face upward. The stamens and stigma are white and the anthers may be white to yellow. They are pollinated by beetles and flies.

Uses
Bears have been known to eat the entire plant.

Native Americans ate the roots raw or cooked.

History
"John Burroughs is said to have named this species 'fawn lily' because he thought the two leaves looked like the pricked ears of a fawn. more likely, 'fawn' alludes to the mottled leaf coloring."

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Erythronium oregonum'
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile: Erythronium oregonum'
''Erythronium oregonum''' - Calphotos Photo gallery

oregonum
Flora of the West Coast of the United States
Flora of British Columbia
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Plants described in 1935


The Kentucky Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (KCIRR) is a loosely organized Kentucky, United States grassroots community group based in Lexington, Kentucky but with members throughout the state.

History
KCIRR began in 2006 with wide community support, as a coalition of immigrants, activists and allies working together to organize local and statewide responses to the Sensenbrenner Bill, also known as H.R. 4437, and in support of just, humane, and comprehensive immigration reform.

On April 10, 2006, KCIRR organized "10-10-10", which was a rally in support of comprehensive immigration reform.  Over 10,000 supporters gathered in the Courthouse Plaza of downtown Lexington, Kentucky, for the event.  It was the largest rally in recent Kentucky history. One of the speakers at the Rally was long time African American activist, Jim Embry, who spoke about the historical connection between the struggles of African Americans, immigrants and Latino Americans. His speech was circulated nationally and was subsequently published in Latino Studies (Jim Embry, "Rivers That We Cross ... Our New Wave of Immigrants from the South," Latino Studies 4 (2006): 448–449) and referenced by George Sanchez, Professor of History and American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California
On February 21, 2007, working with diverse allies, the group organized a historic first Immigrant and Refugee Rights Advocacy Day in Kentucky.  With over eighty people in attendance, the day was historic as the first event singularly in support of immigrant and refugee rights at the Kentucky State Capitol.</http://sustainlex.org/jim.html>, <https://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations>, <http://sustainlex.org/EmbryspeechatImmigrantrightsrally.pdf>

By Fall 2008 the organization experienced massive turnover of staff and board members as burnout and personal issues took their toll.  The organization continues today in a more limited form, but is in the process of reorganizing and re-energizing with assistance from young immigrants known as DREAMers.

Current activities

Public education
KCIRR regularly organizes forums, film screenings, panel discussions, community education meetings in partnership with other groups and communities across the state on a variety of topics including: Comprehensive Immigration Reform, Know Your Rights, Naturalization, Citizenship, Deportation, Detention, Organizing, Legislative Updates, Local Policies, the History of Immigration, Rights Violation Reporting, Raid Preparation, LGBT Immigration Issues, Human Trafficking, Gang Prevention, and Diversity Issues.

On June 9–10, 2007 a board member of the organization, Dianet Plucinksi, ran over eighty miles in a two-day period from Louisville, Kentucky, to Frankfort, Kentucky, and then from Frankfort to Lexington, Kentucky, in recognition of the thousands who have died crossing the US-Mexico Border.  Proceeds from the event supported Border Angels, an organization providing water and emergency assistance at the US-Mexico Border.

At a January 2008 event attended by over 200 members of the immigrant community, KCIRR and community partners raised awareness and educated the community on local policy changes in Lexington.

Leadership development
In November 2007 KCIRR launched a leadership development program designed to educate immigrant communities about the history of immigration, citizenship and naturalization, the electoral process, leadership, organizing, and solidarity across social justice movements.  The inaugural program included participants from six countries including Venezuela, Uruguay, Honduras, Mexico, the United States, and Haiti.

Legislative and administrative advocacy
KCIRR advocates for change in local, state, and federal legislation.  Since 2007 the group has supported a Kentucky Senate Bill sponsored by former Sen. Ernesto Scorsone (now a local judge) which would allow increased access to Kentucky State Driver Licenses and automobile insurance.

References

8. <ref></http://sustainlex.org/jim.html></ref>
9.
10.

External links
Kentucky Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (archived)
Kentucky Youth Advocates - Immigrant & Refugee
Immigrants Rights Action Alert in Lexington
Athletes will run 65 miles for immigration reform
KCIRR, Next Steps

Non-profit organizations based in Lexington, Kentucky
Organizations established in 2006
Immigration political advocacy groups in the United States
2006 establishments in Kentucky


OrigamiUSA (sometimes abbreviated as "OUSA") is the largest origami organization in the United States, with offices located at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. It was founded in 1980 by Michael Shall, Alice Gray, Lillian Oppenheimer, Robert E. Neale, and others as the Friends of the Origami Center of America and was renamed OrigamiUSA on July 1, 1994. Since its founding, OrigamiUSA has been fully non-profit and volunteer-based and is a 501(c)(3) corporation. OrigamiUSA organizes the largest origami convention in the world each June in New York City, and in addition publishes a magazine, The Paper, an annual collection of origami diagrams, and a website, and also provides educational materials and supports numerous other activities that spread the art of origami.

Mission
The mission statement is the following: "OrigamiUSA's mission is to share the joy and appreciation of paperfolding, preserve its history, nurture its growth, bring people together, and encourage community among paperfolders."

Services and activities
OrigamiUSA provides a variety of services to its members and to the world origami community:
Annual Convention: typically held on the last full weekend of June at St. John's University in Queens, New York since 2016, Annual Convention is the largest origami convention in the world. Prior venues were Fashion Institute of Technology and Manhattan College in New York City. It is attended by some 800 people each year and provides typically 30 parallel sessions of origami instructional classes for an entire weekend, as well as special seminars on design and folding techniques. Special guests attend every year from far off-places; previous guests include Kade Chan from Hong Kong, Tomoko Fuse from Japan, Nick Robinson from the United Kingdom, and Toshikazu Kawasaki from Japan.
The Paper: the print magazine of OrigamiUSA, The Paper is published roughly quarterly for all members, contains articles about origami activities and new, unpublished diagrams. Members receive The Paper by mail.
The Fold: the online magazine of OrigamiUSA, The Fold publishes continuously throughout the year, with new articles averaging once a week. OrigamiUSA publishes this magazine for members and visitors with a mix of members-only and open-access content consisting of articles, diagrams, videos, animations, and more.
The Origami Collection: a book of diagrams published annually for the latest creations by folders from around the world.
Special Folding Fun Sessions: six one-day special sessions of origami instruction, held at the American Museum of Natural History. Each session is one day, with both morning and afternoon sessions.
The Source: an online (or mail-in) origami one-stop shop, selling common and hard-to-find origami books, videos, CDs, paper and other supplies.
Reference Library: a visitation-only reference library, housed at the American Museum of Natural History, where rare and out-of-print materials may be examined.
Lending Library: A lending-by-mail library, whereby members can borrow origami books by mail for a nominal fee.
Origami by Children: an annual competition that allows children eighteen and under to submit their models for exhibition across the country. Children whose works are selected to be exhibited will win various prizes, including a free year's subscription to OrigamiUSA's print magazine, The Paper.
Holiday Tree: a tree decorated with hundreds of origami figures sent in by OrigamiUSA members and origami aficionados from all over the world which is displayed in the rotunda of the American Museum of Natural History. which has become an annual tradition in New York City, each year decorated with hundreds of origami figures.
Website: OrigamiUSA's official website containing information about the organization, diagrams, and registration information for the various conventions and folding sessions sponsored by the organization.
Pacific Coast Origami Convention (PCOC): held in odd-numbered years in various places along the West Coast of North America in concert with a local organizing origami group in the host city; convention site changes. Past convention locations include Phoenix, Vancouver, San Francisco, Bellevue, Albuquerque, and Boulder.
World Origami Days: a 2-1/2 week celebration of the international community of origami World Origami Days is held each year from October 24–November 11, with the goal of making origami as visible as possible by teaching a class, folding on the bus, giving origami to friends, exhibiting your models, etc. October 24 is the birthday of Lillian Oppenheimer (1898-1992), who founded the first origami group in America. She was also one of the founders of the British Origami Society and OrigamiUSA. A dynamic woman, she was delighted in the magic to be found in a piece of paper and wanted to share it with the world. November 11 is Origami Day in Japan, where the origami crane has become a symbol of peace.

Special Conventions

OrigamiUSA has sponsored several conventions in the past on an irregular basis:
The 2nd Conference on Copyright in Origami in 2009 in New York City
The 4th International Conference on Origami in Science, Mathematics, and Education in 2006 in Pasadena, CA
The 3rd International Conference on Origami in Science, Mathematics, and Education in 2001 in Monterey, CA
The Conference on Origami in Education and Teaching (COET) in 1991 and 1995

Board of directors
The OrigamiUSA Board of Directors is elected annually, with members serving staggered two-year terms. Elections occur in the weeks leading up to Annual Convention, with results announced during the Annual Meeting, which occurs during Annual Convention.

Current board officers (2016) are:

Chair: Jason Ku
Vice Chair: Patty Grodner
Treasurer: Michael Montebello
Secretary: Kathleen Sheriden
President/CEO: Wendy Zeichner
Current board members (2023) are:
 Patty Grodner (2022–2024)
 David Kandel (2022–2024)
 Marc Kirschenbaum (2022–2024)
 Michael Montebello (2022–2024)
 Mel Sawyer (2022–2024)
 Jason Schneider (2022–2024)
 Jason Ku (2023–2025)
 Kathleen Sheridan (2023–2025)
 Edith Kort (2023–2025)
 Rowen Pierick (2023–2025)
 Alex Matthews (2023–2025)
 Wendy Zeichner (ex officio)

Notes and references

External links
OrigamiUSA's website

Origami
American artist groups and collectives


Racing thoughts refers to the rapid thought patterns that often occur in manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes. While racing thoughts are most commonly described in people with bipolar disorder and sleep apnea, they are also common with anxiety disorders, OCD, and other psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.  Racing thoughts are also associated with sleep deprivation, hyperthyroidism and the use of amphetamines.

Description
Racing thoughts may be experienced as background or take over a person's consciousness. Thoughts, music, and voices might be zooming through one's mind as they jump tangentially from one to the next. There also might be a repetitive pattern of voice or of pressure without any associated "sound". It is a very overwhelming and irritating feeling, and can result in losing track of time. In some cases, it may also be frightening to the person experiencing it, as there is a loss of control. If one is experiencing these thoughts at night when going to sleep, they may suddenly awaken, startled and confused by the very random and sudden nature of the thoughts.

Racing thoughts differ in manifestation according to the individual's perspective. These manifestations can vary from unnoticed or minor distractions to debilitating stress, preventing the sufferer from maintaining a thought.

Generally, racing thoughts are described by an individual who has had an episode where the mind uncontrollably brings up random thoughts and memories and switches between them very quickly. Sometimes they are related, as one thought leads to another; other times they seem completely random. A person suffering from an episode of racing thoughts has no control over their train of thought, and it stops them from focusing on one topic or prevents sleeping.

Associated conditions
The causes of racing thoughts are most often associated with anxiety disorders, but many influences can cause these rapid, racing thoughts. There are also many associated conditions, in addition to anxiety disorders, which can be classified as having secondary relationships with causing racing thoughts. The conditions most commonly linked to racing thoughts are bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep deprivation, amphetamine dependence, and hyperthyroidism.

Anxiety disorders
Racing thoughts associated with anxiety disorders can be caused by many different conditions, such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder.

In people with OCD, racing thoughts can be brought on by stressors, or triggers, causing disturbing thoughts in the individual. These disturbing thoughts, then, result in compulsions characterizing OCD in order to lower the stress and gain some sort of control over these stressful, racing thoughts.

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by repeated panic attacks of fear or nervousness, lasting several minutes. During these panic attacks, the response is out of proportion to the situation.  The racing thoughts may feel catastrophic and intense, but they are a symptom of the panic attack and must be controlled in order to soothe the panic and minimize the panic attack.

Generalized anxiety disorder is a neurological anxiety disorder that involves uncontrollable and excessive worrying about irrational topics or problems. These stressful thoughts must be present for at least six months in order to be diagnosed as GAD. Along with other symptoms, racing thoughts is one of the most common ones. With GAD, there is an inability to relax or let thoughts or worries go, persistent worrying and obsessions about small concerns that are out of proportion to the result, and even worrying about their excessive worrying.

Bipolar disorder
Racing thoughts can be brought on by bipolar disorder, defined by mood instability that range from extreme emotional highs, mania, to severe depression. During the manic phase of bipolar disorder is when racing thoughts usually occur. Disjointed, constantly changing thoughts with no underlying theme can be a sign of the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Manic thoughts can prevent performance of daily routines due to their rapid, unfocused and overwhelming nature. Racing thoughts in people with bipolar disorder are generally accompanied with other symptoms associated with this disorder.

Amphetamines
Amphetamines are used as a stimulant to trigger the central nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure while decreasing appetite. Since amphetamines are a stimulant, use of these drugs result in a state that resembles the manic phase of bipolar disorder and also produces similar symptoms, as stated above.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Racing thoughts associated with ADHD is most common in adults. With ADHD, racing thoughts can occur and tend to cause insomnia. Racing thoughts in people with ADHD tend to be rapid, unstable thoughts which do not follow any sort of pattern, similar to racing thoughts in people with bipolar disorder. Medications used to treat ADHD, such as Adderall or Methylphenidate, can be prescribed to patients with ADHD to calm these racing thoughts, most commonly in the morning when people wake up but just as well in the evening before sleep.

Lack of sleep
Racing thoughts, also referred to as "racing mind", may prevent a person from falling asleep. Chronic sleep apnea and prolonged disturbed sleep patterns may also induce racing thoughts. Treatment for sleep apnea and obstructive airway disorder can improve airflow and improve sleep resulting in improved brain and REM function and reduced racing thought patterns.

Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, thyroxin. This overabundance of thyroxin causes irregular and rapid heartbeat, irritability, weight loss, nervousness, anxiety and racing thoughts.
The anxiety and inability to focus is very common in hyperthyroidism and leads to racing thoughts, as well as panic attacks and difficulty concentrating.

Frequency
Anxiety disorder, the most common mental illness in the United States, affects 40 million people, ages 10 and older; this accounts for 18% of the U.S. population. Most people suffering from anxiety disorder report some form of racing thoughts symptom

The prevalence of OCD in every culture studied is at least 2% of the population, and the majority of those have obsessions, or racing thoughts. With these reportings, estimates of more than 2 million people in the United States (as of 2000) suffer from racing thoughts.

See also
 Flight of ideas
 Intrusive thoughts
 Pressure of speech
 Sleep apnea
 Tachypsychia
 Impulse control disorder
 Mixed affective state
 Mood swing

References

Bipolar disorder
Symptoms and signs of mental disorders

es:Fuga de ideas
pt:Fuga de ideias
ru:Скачка идей
ur:پروازِ افکار


Nominal power is the nameplate capacity of photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as solar cells, modules and systems. It is determined by measuring the electric current and voltage in a circuit, while varying the resistance under precisely defined conditions. The nominal power is important for designing an installation in order to correctly dimension its cabling and converters.

The peak power is not the same as the power under actual radiation conditions. In practice, this will be approximately 15-20% lower due to the considerable heating of the solar cells.
Moreover, in installations where electricity is converted to AC, such as solar power plants, the actual total electricity generation capacity is limited by the inverter, which is usually sized at a lower peak capacity than the solar system for economic reasons. Since the peak DC power is reached only for a few hours each year, using a smaller inverter allows to save money on the inverter while clipping (wasting) only a very small portion of the total energy production. The capacity of the power plant after DC-AC conversion is usually reported in WAC as opposed to Wp or WDC.

Standard test conditions

The nominal power of PV devices is measured under standard test conditions (STC), specified in standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61646 and UL 1703. Specifically, the light intensity is 1000 W/m2, with a spectrum similar to sunlight hitting the earth's surface at latitude 35°N in the summer (airmass 1.5), the temperature of the cells being 25 °C. The power is measured while varying the resistive load on the module between an open and closed circuit (between maximum and minimum resistance). The highest power thus measured is the 'nominal' power of the module in watts. This nominal power divided by the light power that falls on a given area of a photovoltaic device (area × 1000 W/m2) defines its efficiency, the ratio of the device's electrical output to the incident energy.

Units

In the context of domestic PV installations, the kilowatt (symbol kW) is the most common unit for peak power, for example Ppeak = 1 kW.
Colloquial English sometimes conflates the quantity power and its unit by using the non-standard label watt-peak (symbol Wp), possibly prefixed as in kilowatt-peak (kWp), megawatt-peak (MWp), etc. For example, a photovoltaic installation may be described as having "one kilowatt-peak of power" ("P = 1 kWp").
However, in the International System of Units (SI), the physical unit (and its symbol) should not be used to provide specific information about the conditions assumed for measuring a given physical quantity.

Conversion from DC to AC

Solar power need to be converted from direct current (DC, as it is generated from the panel) to alternate current (AC) to be injected into the power grid. Since solar panels generate peak power only for few hours each year, and DC to AC converters are expensive, the converters are usually sized to be smaller than the peak DC power of the panels. This means that for some hours each year the peaks are "clipped" and the extra energy is lost. This has very little impact on the total energy generated throughout a year, but saves considerable amount of balance of system (BOS) costs.
Due to under-sizing of converters, AC ratings of solar plants are generally significantly lower than DC ratings, as much as 30%. This in turn increases the calculated yearly capacity factor of the plant.
The downrating of peak power and the related clipping is different from the losses incurred in the conversion from DC to AC, which happen at any power level and are usually relatively small.

Most countries refer to installed nominal nameplate capacity of PV systems and panels by counting DC power in watt-peak, denoted as Wp, or sometimes WDC, as do most manufacturers and organizations of the photovoltaic industry, such as Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), the European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) or the International Energy Agency (IEA-PVPS).
Some grid regulations may limit the AC output of a PV system to as little as 70% of its nominal DC peak power (Germany). Because of these two different metrics, international organizations need to reconvert official domestic figures from the above-mentioned countries back to the raw DC output in order to report coherent global PV-deployment in watt-peak.

In order to clarify whether the nominal power output (watt-peak, Wp) is in fact DC or already converted into AC, it is sometimes explicitly denoted as MWDC and MWAC or kWDC and kWAC. The converted WAC is also often written as "MW (AC)", "MWac" or "MWAC". Just as for Wp, these units are non SI-compliant but widely used. In California, for example, where the rated capacity is given in MWAC, a downrating of 15 percent in the conversion from DC to AC is assumed.

Power output in real conditions

The output of photovoltaic systems varies with the intensity of sunshine and other conditions. The more sun, the more power the PV module will generate.  Losses, compared to performance in optimal conditions, will occur due to non-ideal alignment of the module in tilt and/or azimuth, higher temperature, module power mismatch (since panels in a system are connected in series the lowest performing module defines performance of the string it belongs to), aging factor, soiling and DC to AC conversion.  The power a module generates in real conditions can exceed the nominal power when the intensity of sunlight exceeds 1000 W/m2 (which corresponds roughly to midday in summer in, for example, Germany), or when sun irradiation close to 1000 W/m2 happens at lower temperatures.

References

Renewable energy economy
Units of power
Photovoltaics


Girolama or Geronima Mazarini (1608 or 1614 – 29  December 1656) was the sister of Cardinal Mazarin, the chief minister of France at the start of the reign of King Louis XIV of France. She was the mother of the five famous Mancini sisters, who with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, became famous at the French court as the Mazarinettes.

Early life

Born in Rome, Geronima was the daughter of Pietro Mazzarini and Ortensia Bufalini. Her father struggled to provide for his six children until joining the staff of the great Constable of Naples and prince of Paliano, Filippo I Colonna. Thanks to his skill, he won over Colonna, and benefited from the prince's protection of each of his children.

Family and issue

Geronima married an Italian aristocrat, Baron Lorenzo Mancini, (1602–1650), son of Paolo Lucio Mancini and Vittoria Capoccii, on 6 August 1634. Her husband was known as a necromancer and astrologer.

They had ten children:
 Laura Mancini (1636–1657); married Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and became the mother of the famous French general Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme.
 Paul Jules Mancini (born 1636, died 1652 or 1654 in battle)
 Olympia Mancini (1638–1708); married Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons and became the mother of the famous Austrian general Prince Eugene of Savoy.
 Marie Mancini (1639–1715); married Lorenzo Colonna and was the first romantic love of King Louis XIV of France.
 Philippe Mancini (1641–1707); nominated Duke of Nevers and Donzy by his uncle, Cardinal Mazarin, with the prerogative to strike coins, in 1660. He was a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit and Lieutenant of the First Company of Musketeers of the King ; his successor in the charge was the Count D'Artagnan;
 Margherita Mancini (born 1643)
 Alfonso Mancini (born 1644, died 1658)
 Hortense Mancini (1646–1699); the beauty of the family, who escaped her abusive husband, Armand Charles de La Porte de La Meilleraye, Duke of La Meilleraye, and went to London, where she became the mistress of King Charles II.
 Anna Mancini (born 1647)
 Marie Anne Mancini (1649–1714); married Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, a nephew of the famous field marshal Turenne, and patroness of Racine and La Fontaine.

Widowhood

After her husband's death in 1650, Geronima brought her children from Rome to Paris in the hope of using the influence of her brother, Cardinal Mazarin, to gain them advantageous marriages, a goal that ultimately was very successful.

She died in Paris in 1656.

17th-century births
1656 deaths
Nobility from Rome
French people of Italian descent
17th-century Italian women


Transavantgarde or Transavanguardia is the Italian version of Neo-expressionism, an art movement that swept through Italy and the rest of Western Europe in the late 1970s and 1980s.  The term transavanguardia was coined by the Italian art critic, Achille Bonito Oliva, originating in the "Aperto '80" at the Venice Biennale, and literally means beyond the avant-garde.

This art movement responded to the explosion of conceptual art which found many mediums of expression, by reviving painting and reintroducing emotion ― especially joy ― back into drawing, painting and sculpture. Transavantgarde marked a return to figurative art, as well as mythic imagery, which was rediscovered during the height of the movement. The artists revived figurative art and symbolism, which were less frequently used in movements after World War II like minimalism. The principal transavantgarde artists were Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, Mimmo Germanà, Nino Longobardi, Nicola De Maria and Mimmo Paladino.

In 1982 works by Chia, Cucchi and Longobardi were included in the exhibition "Italian Art Now: An American Perspective" at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

References

Further reading
 Achille Bonito Oliva (1980). Italian Transavantgarde, Milan: Politi Editore.
 Achille Bonito Oliva (1982). Transavantgarde International, Milan: Politi Editore.
 Ida Gianelli (2002). Transavantgarde, Milan: Skira.

Transavanguardia


The Garrett STAMP (Small Tactical Aerial Mobility Platform) was a two-person aircraft prototype made by a division of AiResearch Manufacturing Co. of Phoenix, Arizona, for the United States Marine Corps STAMP program, in the early 1970s.

Development
The prototype took off and manoeuvred by means of a ducted fan, much like the Harrier. Unlike the Harrier it had no wings and had to depend on the fan's thrust for lift at all times. This gave it an expected range of 30 miles at a speed of 75 mph. The power came from a Garrett TSE-231 turbine normally used to power helicopters. The turbine gave 1050 pounds of thrust by running at 6000 rpm. Two persons sat in a closed cockpit adapted from an OH-6 helicopter.

The prototype was successfully tested in tethered flight on December 21, 1973 inside a hangar at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in California.  Its competitor in the STAMP program was a one-person open-cockpit craft called the Williams Aerial Systems Platform (WASP), made by Williams International.

See also
Personal air vehicle
List of personal air vehicles
List of VTOL aircraft
Flying platform
Williams X-Jet

References

Further reading
Wahl, Paul. Jet Flight With No Wings. Popular Science. April 1974. pp. 88–89, 152

External links
 AFWAL-TR-86-3071 pp. 3-70 to 3-90

1970s United States experimental aircraft
VTOL aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States


Mirko Corsano (born 28 October 1973 in Casarano) is a volleyball player from Italy, who won the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Playing as a libero, he claimed his first title for the Azzurri in 1999 at European Championship in Vienna, Austria.

Awards

Individuals
 2001 European Championship "Best Libero"
 2005 European Championship "Best Libero"
 2005 FIVB World Grand Champions Cup "Best Libero"
 2008 Summer Olympics "Best Libero"

References
 Profile

1973 births
Living people
Italian men's volleyball players
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Volleyball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic volleyball players for Italy
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Liberos
Sportspeople from the Province of Lecce
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic


The Dixiebelles were an American girl group briefly popular in the early 1960s.  Their best-known single, "(Down at) Papa Joe's", hit #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 late in 1963, and the follow-up, "Southtown U.S.A.", hit #15 early in 1964.  Both these songs were
produced by Bill Justis and released on Sound Stage 7 Records, a division of Monument Records.  The name of the group is one word - The Dixiebelles - as listed on their records.

On record (at least for their first single, "(Down at) Papa Joe's"), The Dixiebelles were in fact all members of the Anita Kerr Singers.

Based in Memphis, Tennessee, the Dixiebelles touring group had all previously sung backup in various capacities.  Several members had been in The Tonettes, who recorded one single for the Stax Records subsidiary Volt in 1962.

A full-length Dixiebelles album was released, but a third single ("New York Town") failed to hit the Hot 100, peaking at just #119 on Billboard's "Bubbling Under" chart.  Shortly thereafter, their contract with Sound Stage 7 ended and they never released another single.

Mary Hunt and Mildred Pratcher later joined forces with Barbara McCoy and Eula Jean Rivers to form The Charmels, a group that recorded four non-hit singles for Stax between 1966 and 1968.

Shirley Thomas died on May 9, 2018, at age 74.

Members
Mary Hunt
Mildred Pratcher
Shirley Thomas (July 23, 1943 – May 9, 2018)

References

American girl groups
African-American girl groups
Monument Records artists
Musical groups from Memphis, Tennessee


Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL) is an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located at Ambernath, in Thane district, Maharashtra. It develops materials and alloys for Naval use, and is a single-window agency for all materials requirement of the Indian Navy. NMRL is organized under the Naval Research & Development Directorate of DRDO. The present director of NMRL is Shri Prashant T Rojatkar.

History
NMRL was established in 1953 as the Naval Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory, an in-house laboratory of the Navy, located at the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. It was brought under the administrative control of DRDO  in the early 1960s. The laboratory is located in its own technical-cum residential complex at Ambernath, Maharashtra. The laboratory still has its erstwhile infrastructure intact in Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, without any physical scientific or administrative presence.

Areas of work
 Fuel Cell Power Pack Technology
 Advanced Protection Technology in Marine Environment
 Electrochemistry & Electrochemical Processes
 Polymer and Elastomer Science and Technology including Stealth Material
 Processing Technologies for Speciality Metallic and Non-metallic Materials
 Chemical and Biological Control of Marine Environment

Facilities

Projects and Products

Technologies for Civilian use
 Bio-emulsifier - for Bio-remediation of floating oil.
 Arsenic removal kit - NMRL has developed a low-cost arsenic removal filter to remove arsenic from contaminated drinking water. The filter is made of stainless steel, and the filter medium is a processed waste of the steel industry. The filter works on the principle of co-precipitation and adsorption, which is followed by filtration through treated sand. The complete filter costs Rs. 500, has a life of 5 years and does not require any electricity to run. After six months of testing in 24 Paraganas District in West Bengal, the technology was given to NGOs for productionizing.

References

External links
 NMRL Home Page

See also

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Maharashtra
Materials science institutes
Research and development in India
Ambarnath
1953 establishments in Bombay State
Research institutes established in 1953


Francisco Wánderson do Carmo Carneiro (born 18 February 1986), commonly known as Wánderson (), is Brazilian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or second striker.

Career

Club
Wánderson previously played for Swedish club GAIS. He signed a four-and-a-half-year deal in July 2007 with GAIS, coming from Fortaleza. In Allsvenskan 2009 he scored 18 goals, making him top scorer in the league alongside IFK Göteborg player Tobias Hysén.

On 27 July 2010, Wánderson signed a three-year contract with Saudi Arabian team Al-Ahli.

On 31 March 2011, it was announced that Wánderson would spend the next 6 months on loan at his former club GAIS.

Krasnodar
On 6 September 2012, Wanderson moved to FC Krasnodar on a six-month loan deal from GAIS, with an option to make the move permanent. At the end of the 2012–13 Wanderson was joint top goalscorer with Yura Movsisyan on 13 goals. On 13 December 2012, Krasnodar signed Wanderson on a permanent basis, with the striker agreeing a two-year deal, with the option of a third. At the end of the 2013–14 season Wanderson was named in the end of season "Best 33" list by the Russian Football Union.

He left Krasnodar upon the expiration of his contract at the end of the 2016–17 season.

Dynamo Moscow
On 14 June 2017, Wánderson signed with FC Dynamo Moscow.

Alanyaspor
On 31 January 2018, he moved to the Turkish club Alanyaspor.

Helsingborgs IF
On 7 August 2018, Wánderson returned to Sweden signing with Helsingborgs IF in Superettan, the second tier. He signed a contract running until 2021, rejoining Andreas Granqvist, his former teammate at Krasnodar. He retired in January 2020.

Atlético Cearense
He returned to playing in early 2021 with Atlético Cearense, and retired again in June.

International career
Wánderson indicated that he would be likely to accept a call-up for Russia national team if asked.

Career statistics

Honours
 Allsvenskan top scorer: 2009 with 18 goals
 Russian Premier League top scorer: 2012–13 with 13 goals
 List of 33 top players of the Russian league: 2013–14

References

External links
GAIS profile

1986 births
People from Baturité
Footballers from Ceará
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Brazilian men's footballers
Fortaleza Esporte Clube players
River Atlético Clube players
GAIS players
Al-Ahli Saudi FC players
FC Krasnodar players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Alanyaspor footballers
Helsingborgs IF players
FC Atlético Cearense players
Allsvenskan players
Saudi Pro League players
Russian Premier League players
Süper Lig players
Superettan players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey


Edward Green Balfour (6 September 1813 – 8 December 1889) was a Scottish surgeon, orientalist and pioneering environmentalist in India. He founded museums at Madras and Bangalore, a zoological garden in Madras and was instrumental in raising awareness on forest conservation and public health in India. He published a Cyclopaedia of India, several editions of which were published after 1857, translated works on health into Indian languages and wrote on a variety of subjects.

Life and career
Balfour was born in Angus, Montrose, the second son of Captain George Balfour of the East India Company marine service and Susan Hume (a sister of the radical MP Joseph Hume). His elder brother was Sir George Balfour (1809–1894) who was later a liberal MP for Kincardineshire. He was educated at Montrose Academy before studying surgery at Edinburgh University and admitted Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1833. A family friend arranged his commission as an assistant surgeon in the Madras medical service in India and he set sail for India in 1834. On the way he visited Mauritius where he witnessed ecological destruction about which he had read in the works of Bernardin de Saint-Pierre and Jean-Baptiste Boussingault. This created a lifelong interest in climate change and environmental problems.

On arrival in India in 1836 he was attached to a European regiment as an assistant surgeon. He was in medical charge of European and native artillery, native cavalry, Madras and Bombay infantry divisions until 1862. He served as a staff-surgeon at Ahmednagar and at Bellary, and in 1850 he acted as government agent at Chepauk and was a paymaster dealing with Carnatic stipends. His ability with languages particularly Hindi and later Persian helped his transfer into a sepoy regiment. This led him to be posted to smaller areas and he spent the next ten years travelling around southern India. He was often sought by the government as a translator of Hindustani and Persian.

In 1848 Balfour returned to Madras and he was given medical charge of the governor's bodyguard. This gave him more time to writing and other interests and he also took up additional appointments as agent to the court of the nawab of the Carnatic. From 1858 to 1861 he served on a commission to look into the debts of the nawab. In 1850, he also served as assistant assay master at the Madras mint.

In 1852 he became a full surgeon and on 24 May he married Marion Matilda Agnes Gilchrist, daughter of a fellow surgeon at Madras. He served as deputy Surgeon-General in Burma and the Straits Settlements, the Andamans and the Mysore division. From 1871 to 1876 he was Surgeon-General and headed the Madras Medical Department. Balfour's wife, Marion, would help in the proof-reading of Balfour's encyclopaedia. At the age of seven Marion had been to St. Helena where she happened to see the body of Napoleon. Edward, a son died in infancy at Bellary on 28 March 1864.

Environmental and health
Balfour had seen environmental damage in Mauritius and was interested in the effect of climate on human health. During his travels he collected information on health and environmental issues. He published a report in 1845 titled Statistical Data for forming Troops and maintaining them in Health in different Climates and Localities and Observations on the Means of preserving the Health of Troops by selecting Healthy Localities for their Cantonments and these made him an authority on public health. In 1849, he wrote On the Influence exercised by Trees on the Climate of a Country in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science, 1840 which was reprinted in 1849. Using actual data to study problems and suggest solutions he wrote such works as the Statistics of Cholera and Remarks on the Causes for which Native Soldiers of the Madras Army were discharged the Service in tho five Years from 1842-3 to 1846-7 (1850). The medical training in Edinburgh had an emphasis on the importance of water in human health. Balfour recognized that since water was finite in supply, that this was a public health problem. Based on the Mauritius experience he warned of the possibility of famine due to deforestation and wrote about the links between water and forest cover in Notes on the influence exercised by trees in inducing rain and preserving moisture (Madras Journal of Literature and Science 15(1849):402-448) as well as reports to the famine commission (The influence exercised by trees on the climate and productiveness of the Peninsula of India. Famine Commission IV.). The East India Company heeded his warnings and took up forest conservation schemes soon after 1840. This and other reports by Hugh Francis Cleghorn influenced Lord Dalhousie and led to the establishment of the Madras Forest Department. The debate on deforestation induced climate change was also held in Britain where Colonel George Balfour, Edward's brother, lobbied for conservation measures while others like David Livingstone suggested that rainfall declines were related to geological changes.

Statistical approach
Balfour widely used statistics to study the state of health of the troops. In a study of health issues that was read by his uncle Joseph Hume to the Statistical Society of London, he dismissed the belief that humans adjusted to new climates and suggested that different races had varying tolerances to climate and disease. Based on his data, he showed that Europeans fared better in the hills of India.

He maintained careful records of visitors to the museum and noted how a live orangutan specimen drew large crowds. This increased support for his plan for a zoological garden and when it was established he noted that it drew more people than the British Museum, Regent's Park and Kew Gardens together.

Role of women
Recognising the importance of women in matters of public health, he personally translated Dr. J. T. Conquest's Outlines of Midwifery into Urdu and arranged for translations into Kannada, Tamil and Telugu. He noted in the preface to the Kannada edition that he offered rewards for anyone undertaking translation and that he had works published in Telugu, Tamil, apart from Kannada, but had yet to find someone to translate the work into Malayalam. He noted his objective as being "to provide a text book for Native Medical Students; to improve the practice of Native Midwives; and to make known to the learned men of India, the modes followed by the people of Europe in aiding women when in natural labor as also when the labors are difficult." He also attempted to influence the government to introduce medical education in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam languages but failed. He worked towards encouraging European women to enter the medical service in India since he believed that women could move more freely within certain sections of Indian society. This move succeeded and in 1875, Mary Scharlieb was admitted to the Madras Medical College as its first woman applicant.

Museums, natural history and orientalism

Balfour was keen on collections and education. He founded the Government Central Museum at Madras in 1850. He became the first officer in charge of the museum at Madras. By 1879 the museum was attracting 180,000 people each year and in 1886 as much as 230,000. Women visitors were encouraged on special days. He not only kept records of the visitors but also studied the response of visitors to exhibits. He noticed a marked increase in the number of visitors when a live specimen of a tiger cub and leopard was kept in the natural history section of the museum. This led him to propose a zoological garden and this led to the creation in 1856 of a small collection of animals in the People's Park which grew into the Madras Zoological Gardens. There was pressures to move the museum to the college premises but Balfour firmly believed that the museum needed to be "...open to all classes, and contains articles calculated to amuse and instruct all classes". Initially the museum displayed items of commercial value and focussed on economic geology and forestry. It later began to acquire items of archaeology and ethnology. He encouraged contributions to the museum stating that "every specimen that may be sent will be acceptable". Material could be sent free by post if marked for the museum and sent by "Banghy Dock". The Oriental and Screw Navigation Company permitted packages for the museum to be shipped free. Material flowed in at around 1000 items a month. He considered it inappropriate to charge an admission fee since the public was donating exhibits. In a letter to Oldfield of Roorkee College on 30 May 1854, Balfour wrote that "... if the Museum were limited in its objects, it would never be formed because the residents throughout the country, rendered, by the limiting, doubtful as to what would be acceptable, would refrain from sending anything and, If I attempted to be eclectic, I would lose all..." By 1853, the museum was overflowing with more than 19,830 artefacts, mostly received from the public. Balfour believed that purchase would be needed only in the case of exceptional artefacts. In 1866 he started the Bangalore Museum in the state of Mysore. He was a secretary to the Madras Central Committee for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Paris Exhibitions of 1855 and 1868, the International Exhibition of London (1862) and the Vienna Exhibition (1872).

Balfour took a special interest in languages and spent a lot of time learning local languages. In 1850 he published Gul-Dastah or The Bunch of Roses, a lithographed series of works by Persian and Hindustani poets. He also set up a Mohammedan Public Library in Madras and translated many works from Persian to English as well as English works (such as on astronomy) into Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. Based on his studies, he was sceptical of the state of indigenous scientific knowledge particularly in relation to health and in his Cyclopaedia suggested that Indians were so close to subsistence that they did not have the time or means to reflect accurately on their surroundings.

When Balfour resigned from his position at the museum, he sought Edward Blyth as a suitable successor but was prevented by the Madras Government to enter into a correspondence on this. His position was then taken up by Captain Jesse Mitchell who worked as Commandant of the Madras Mounted Police.

Cyclopaedia of India and other works

Balfour's collations on a variety of aspects of life in India led to the publication of The Encyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific, first published in 1857 with subsequent editions titled as the Cyclopaedia of India.  The original work was derived from notes that he had made for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Subsequent editions incorporated research by others including Sir Dietrich Brandis and it grew into a five volume work in 1871-83. The work also was used by William Theobald in his major revision of Mason's Burmah.

Some subjects needed more coverage and he produced for instance the first work on the agricultural pests of India, in which he drew inspiration from the work of Eleanor Ormerod. He wrote in the Agricultural pests of India:

Balfour continued to write about India after retiring to England in 1876. He openly held anti-colonialist sentiments which Richard Grove suggests as being linked to the radical ideas of his uncle Joseph Hume, opinions that were also expressed by his cousin Allan Octavian Hume. His elder brother George Balfour (and married to A.O. Hume's sister Charlotte Isabella) also argued against salt taxes in India and suggested that they hampered growth and antagonized the population of India.

Honours and memorials
Balfour left India in 1876 after 42 years there, and at his farewell was felicitated in Madras by the Hindu, Muslim and European communities with a portrait of him placed in the Government Central Museum. For his distinguished services he was given an additional annual good-service pension of £100. In 1891 the Madras University established a Balfour memorial gold medal to encourage women in medicine.

Selected works
 The agricultural pests of India, and of eastern and southern Asia, vegetable and animal, injurious to man and his products (1887)
 The Vydian and the Hakim, what do they know of medicine? (1875)
 Medical Hints to the People of India (1875)
 The Timber Trees, Timber and Fancy Woods, as also, the Forests (1862)
 Birds of Eastern and Southern Asia (1858)

 . Volume 1 (A-G), Volume 2 (H-N), Volume 3. + Via  HathiTrust
 Catalogue of the Government Central Museum (1855)
 Cholera (Are there towns or villages in India where cholera has never appeared from the period of its first outbreak in 1817?) being a series of letters from Assistant Surgeon Edward Balfour. Fort St. George Gazette Press. (1852)
 Remarks on the Abstract Tables of the Men Discharged from the Military Service of the East India Company. (1851)
 Statistics of cholera (1849)

 Observations on the means of preserving the health of troops by selecting healthy localities for their Cantonments. London (1845)

References

External links

 Government Museum, Chennai

1813 births
1889 deaths
British Indologists
People educated at Montrose Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Edward Green


Erythronium pluriflorum is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae which is known by the common names manyflower fawn lily, golden fawn-lily, and Shuteye Peak fawn lily.

Description
Erythronium pluriflorum is a wildflower growing from a bulb 4 to 7 centimeters wide. It produces two oval-shaped green leaves and erects thin, naked stalks which may be 8 to over 30 centimeters tall.  Each stalk bears from one to ten flowers. The flower has bright yellow curly tepals, each one to three centimeters long which age to a brown or orange color. The other flower parts are also yellow.

Distribution
It is endemic to California, in the central Sierra Nevada within eastern Madera County. It is known only from isolated populations on Chiquito Ridge and Shuteye Peak, in the San Joaquin River watershed. It is listed as an endangered species by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and IUCN, and is on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants.

The plant was not described until 1991.

Conservation
This species is listed as imperiled due to a combination of factors. Firstly, its historic range is quite small. Erythronium pluriflorum is known from only six populations, all within the Sierra National Forest. Disruption from camping is a threat. However, climate change is the greatest threat to this species "as its habitat requirements include a sliver of area in the subalpine Sierra Nevadas."

References

External links
Calflora Database: Erythronium pluriflorum (Manyflower fawnlily,  Shuteye peak fawn lily)
Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Erythronium pluriflorum
UC CalPhotos gallery: Erythronium pluriflorum

pluriflorum
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of Madera County, California
Plants described in 1991


, in Yamaguchi City is the main art gallery of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

Opened in 1979, the gallery has a permanent collection, part of which is exhibited at any one time, and also hosts special exhibitions.

The gallery's photographic collection includes an extensive collection of the works of Katsuji Fukuda. Its major photographic exhibitions have included three that showed work after the war: in 1989, an exhibition of eleven photographers of 1965–75; in 1990, of twelve photographers of 1945–55; and in 1991, of eleven photographers of 1955–65. The permanent photographic collection includes works by Hisae Imai, Takeji Iwamiya, Yutaka Takanashi, and Toyoko Tokiwa.

The museum is at Kameyama-chō  3–1, Yamaguchi-shi.

References
Matsumoto Norihiko (), ed. Nihon no bijutsukan to shashin korekushon (, Japan's art galleries and photography collections). Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2002. . Pp. 160–63.

External links
Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art

Art museums and galleries in Japan
Museums in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Prefectural museums
Art museums established in 1979
1979 establishments in Japan


In computational fluid dynamics, the MacCormack method (/məˈkɔːrmæk ˈmɛθəd/) is a widely used discretization scheme for the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. This second-order finite difference method was introduced by Robert W. MacCormack in 1969. The MacCormack method is elegant and easy to understand and program.

The algorithm
In general the MacCormack method involves a "predictor step" and a "corrector step", given below

where  is the flux coming from the equation we are simulating.

Linear Example
To illustrate the algorithm, consider the following first order hyperbolic equation

The application of MacCormack method to the above equation proceeds in two steps; a predictor step which is followed by a corrector step.

Predictor step: In the predictor step, a "provisional" value of  at time level  (denoted by ) is estimated as follows

The above equation is obtained by replacing the spatial and temporal derivatives in the previous first order hyperbolic equation using forward differences.

Corrector step: In the corrector step, the predicted value  is corrected according to the equation

Note that the corrector step uses backward finite difference approximations for spatial derivative. The time-step used in the corrector step is  in contrast to the  used in the predictor step.

Replacing the  term by the temporal average

to obtain the corrector step as

Some remarks
The MacCormack method is well suited for nonlinear equations (Inviscid Burgers equation, Euler equations, etc.) The order of differencing can be reversed for the time step (i.e., forward/backward followed by backward/forward). For nonlinear equations, this procedure provides the best results. For linear equations, the MacCormack scheme is equivalent to the Lax–Wendroff method.

Unlike first-order upwind scheme, the MacCormack does not introduce diffusive errors in the solution. However, it is known to introduce dispersive errors (Gibbs phenomenon) in the region where the gradient is high.

See also
Lax–Wendroff method
Upwind scheme
Hyperbolic partial differential equations

References

Computational fluid dynamics
Numerical differential equations


Simone Rosalba (born January 31, 1976 in Paola, Calabria) is a former volleyball player from Italy who won the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Playing as an outside hitter, he claimed his first medal (bronze) for the Azzurri in 1997 at the European Championship in the Netherlands.

References

External links
 Simone Rosalba at Olympics.com
 FIVB Profile
 Olympedia Profile: Simone Rosalba

1976 births
Living people
People from Paola, Calabria
Italian men's volleyball players
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Volleyball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from the Province of Cosenza
Outside hitters
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic


The Warrensville Heights City School District is a public school district based in Warrensville Heights, Ohio (USA).

In addition to Warrensville Heights, the district also serves the villages of Highland Hills and North Randall.

Schools

High school
Grades 8-12
Warrensville Heights High School

Middle school
Grades 6-7
Warrensville Heights Middle School
Grades Pre-K - 2
John Dewey Elementary School
3 -5'''
Eastwood Elementary School

Enrollment
2006-07 School Year: 2,536 students
2005-06 School Year: 2,859 students
2004-05 School Year: 2,828 students
2003-04 School Year: 2,821 students
2002-03 School Year: 2,996 students

District during the 2010-2011  There Were A Total Of 5,579
There were a total of 2,536 students enrolled in the Warrensville Heights City School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 48.06% female and 51.94% male. The racial makeup of the district was 98.82% African American, 0.39% White, 0.24% Hispanic, 0.47% Multiracial, and 0.08% Asian/Pacific Islander.

See also
List of school districts in Ohio

References

External links
Warrensville Heights City School District

School districts in Cuyahoga County, Ohio


José Guadalupe Martínez Álvarez (born January 27, 1983) is a former Mexican goalkeeper for the team Estudiantes Tecos, the Mexican professional football club associated with the Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara AC.  Álvarez made his debut with the club Tecos UAG in 2002.

External links

Profile at BDFA

1983 births
Living people
Mexican men's footballers
Mexico men's under-20 international footballers
Liga MX players
Tecos F.C. footballers
Club Tijuana footballers
Club Puebla players
Querétaro F.C. footballers
C.D. Irapuato footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from León, Guanajuato


James Aubrey Tregidgo (28 August 1947 – 6 April 2010), known professionally as James Aubrey, was an English stage and screen actor. He trained for the stage at the Drama Centre London, some years after making his professional acting debut in a production of Isle of Children (1962) and his screen acting debut in the film adaptation of Lord of the Flies (1963). He later performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Early life and education
Aubrey was born in 1947 in Klagenfurt, Austria. His parents were Major Aubrey James Tregidgo and Edna May Tregidgo (née Boxall). He was educated at the Wolmer's Boys' School in Kingston, Jamaica, the Windsor Boys' School, at Hamm, in Germany, and St John's School, Singapore, before training for the stage at the Drama Centre London from 1967 to 1970.

Stage work
Aubrey made his first professional stage appearance at the Wilmington Playhouse in March 1962 in the role of Philip in Isle of Children. It was in this same role that he made his Broadway theatre debut, appearing in a 1962 production at the Cort Theatre which lasted only 11 performances. From 1970 to 1972, Aubrey performed at the Citizens' Theatre in Glasgow, appearing in such roles as Andrew Aguecheek in Twelfth Night and Theridamas in Tamburlaine.

Aubrey made his London stage debut at the Royal Court Theatre in June 1973 as a police constable in the premiere of Howard Brenton's Magnificence. From 1973 to 1974, Aubrey toured with the Cambridge Theatre Company as Diggory in She Stoops to Conquer and again as Aguecheek. Aubrey performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company for their 1974–75 season, appearing in such roles as Sebastian in The Tempest and Froth in Measure for Measure. He toured with the Cambridge Theatre Company again in 1979 in the roles of Mark in The Shadow Box and Tony in From the Greek. Other venues at which Aubrey appeared include the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, the Comedy Theatre and the Old Vic.

Screen work
Aubrey first appeared in a film at the age of fourteen, in the film adaptation of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, released in 1963, taking the lead role of Ralph. He played Gavin Sorenson in the television adaptation of Bouquet of Barbed Wire (1976) and its sequel, Another Bouquet (1977). He also worked with two British filmmakers, Norman J. Warren (Terror, 1978) and Pete Walker (Home Before Midnight, 1979), and played the ill-fated pop singer B.J. in the Sex Pistols film The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (1980). In 1979 played the part of Graham Hurst in the popular TV series Minder ("The Bounty Hunter") and in 1974 played Horace Reynes in The Sweeney ("Selected Target").

In 1986, Aubrey starred in Forever Young, directed by David Drury. He portrayed Mark in three episodes of Lytton's Diary in 1986. In 1997, he appeared in an adaptation of Robert Ludlum's The Apocalypse Watch and was also a guest star in an episode of the TV series Brief Encounters in 2006.

During his final months, Aubrey worked with a group of local independent film-makers. Overseeing casting sessions for Shadows of a Stranger at the Hub in Sleaford in early 2010, Aubrey was also set to play the lead role in the production, but died a month before filming began.

Private life
In 1970, at St Pancras, Aubrey married Agnes Kristin Hallander, a marriage which later ended in divorce. His daughter is , a French actress.

Death
Aubrey died at his home in Cranwell Village,  Sleaford, on 6 April 2010, at the age of 62, suffering from pancreatitis.

Selected filmography
 Lord of the Flies (1963)
 The Sex Thief (1973)
 Galileo (1975)
 Terror (1978)
 Home Before Midnight (1979)
 The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (1980)
 The Hunger (1983)
 Forever Young (1983)
The American Way (1986)
 Cry Freedom (1987)
 Thin Air (1988)
 The Rift (1989)
 Buddy's Song (1991)
 Spy Game (2001)

References

Bibliography
 Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 267.

External links

1947 births
2010 deaths
Alumni of the Drama Centre London
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Actors from Klagenfurt
Royal Shakespeare Company members
Deaths from pancreatitis


Amelanchier × lamarckii, also called juneberry, serviceberry or shadbush, is a large deciduous flowering shrub or small tree in the family Rosaceae.

Description
In spring the plant unfurls new leaves and produces star-shaped white flowers. The leaves are pink when they first open, maturing to yellow-green, and turn red in autumn. The plant's young berry-like pome fruits are dark red when young, but become dark purple when ripe.

Taxonomy
This form is an natural hybrid of A. arborea × A. laevis. (A. laevis and either A. arborea or A. canadensis); therefore under the rules of botanical nomenclature, it would be known as Amelanchier × lamarckii. The Latin specific epithet honors the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829).

The European common name snowy mespilus (a name which is also attached to the related A. ovalis) reflects its close relationship with the medlar genus, Mespilus. It is also known as snowy mespil.

Distribution and habitat
The plants are originally from eastern Canada and widely naturalised in Europe. There has been some escape within North America of plants apparently secondarily derived from those European forms.

Ecology
The fruit is eaten by birds soon after it ripens.

Cultivation
The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Uses
Like other species of Amelanchier, the fruits are edible with a sweet flavor.

References

External links

 Information from the Missouri Botanical Garden

 × lamarckii
Plants described in 1968


L16 or L-16 may refer to:

Vehicles
Aircraft
 Aeronca L-16, a United States Army liaison aircraft
 Albatros L.16, a German biplane
 Hansa-Brandenburg L.16, a Austro-Hungarian triplane
 L16, a United States Navy L-class blimp

Ships
 , a frigate of the Royal Danish Navy
 , submarine of the Royal Navy
 , a destroyer of the Royal Navy
 , an amphibious assault ship of the Indian Navy
 , a Leninets-class submarine

Other uses
 L16 81mm mortar, a British standard mortar
 Lectionary 16, a 12th-century Greek manuscript of the New Testament
 Meadowlark Airport, in Huntington Beach, California
 Nissan L16 engine, an automobile engines
 L16, an RTP payload format


Retrospective 2 is the second compilation album by American rock band Sevendust. It is a follow-up to the Retrospect DVD released in 2001. This album covers Next and Alpha, and does not contain any material from Animosity or Seasons. It also comes with a DVD which has the makings of the albums, Next and Alpha, as well as music videos and live performances.

Track listing

Bonus track listing

References

Sevendust albums
2007 greatest hits albums
2007 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Asylum Records compilation albums

Nu metal compilation albums


The Primera A 2008 season (officially "Torneo Primera A 2008") started on February 23, 2008. The Apertura champions was Orión and the Clausura champion was Río Abajo F.C. On November 15, 2008 a grand final was played and Río Abajo were crowned champions after defeating 2–1 Orión. However Río Abajo lost the promotion play-off against Plaza Amador in a 3–2 aggregate score, thus failing to promote to ANAPROF.

Changes for 2008
The league is once again separated into Apertura and Clausura.
The Primera A champion will play a playoff for promotion with the last team in the ANAPROF general standings instead of being promoted directly.
There will be no relegation during this season.
The Apertura and Clausura winners will play a match in order to decide an overall champion who would play the playoff for promotion to ANAPROF. This playoff between the Apertura and Clausura champions is the same as the Grand Championship format used previously in ANAPROF and Primera A.
Club Deportivo Policía Nacional renamed themselves during mid-season to Sociedad Deportiva Atlético Nacional.

Primera A 2008 teams

Primera A Apertura 2008

Apertura 2008 Standings

Green indicates Semifinal Berth

Apertura 2008 Results table

[*] The score is unknown, but it was reported as a win for Paraiso F.C.

Final round

Semifinals 1st leg

Semifinals 2nd leg

Final

Primera A Clausura 2008

Clausura 2008 standings

Green indicates Semifinal Berth (Los equipos en verde señalan los clasificados a semifinales).

Clausura 2008 results table

[*] Awarded 3–0 to Pan de Azúcar by ANAPROF because Paraíso failed the league's regulation by not bringing their away kit, thus since both teams' home kit was white the game had to be suspended.
[**] Originally 3–1 victory for Paraíso but awarded to Chorrillito.

Final round

Semifinals 1st leg

Semifinals 2nd leg

Final

Primera A 2008 Grand Final

Final

Promotion playoff

Río Abajo remain in Primera A''

1st leg

2nd leg

References

2006
2
Pan
2
Pan


Erythronium purpurascens is a species of flowering plant in the lily family which is known by the common names purple fawn lily and Sierra Nevada fawn lily.

It is endemic to California, where it grows in the high mountains of the southern Cascade Range, Coast Ranges, and northern Sierra Nevada from Siskiyou County south to Mendocino and Placer Counties.

Description
This mountain wildflower, Erythronium purpurascens,  grows from a bulb 2 to 4 centimeters long and produces two narrow green leaves up to 15 centimeters in length. The erect stalks reach a maximum of 20 centimeters tall and each bears one to six flowers. The flower has white tepals with yellow bases which turn purple with age. Each tepal is only one or two centimeters long and curls back. The stamens and their large anthers and the style are yellow. The flowers bloom as the last snow is melting, which might not be until summer at high elevations.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment — Erythronium purpurascens
Erythronium purpurascens — Calphotos Photo gallery

purpurascens
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora of the Cascade Range
Flora without expected TNC conservation status