was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now central Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Matsuyama Castle, and was ruled throughout most of its history by the shinpan daimyō Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan. Iyo-Matsuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Ehime Prefecture.

History
Katō Yoshiaki was one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's most trusted and experienced generals, having distinguished himself at the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and in the Japanese invasions of Korea, After Hideyoshi's death in 1598, Katō sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and his 60,000 koku holdings in Masaki in Iyo Province were expanded to 200,000 koku. He relocated his seat to Matsuyama Castle and this marked the beginning of Iyo-Matsuyama Domain. In 1627, he was transferred to Aizu Domain, and replaced by Gamō Tadatomo from Kaminoyama Domain in Dewa Province, who died without heir in 1634.

The Tokugawa shogunate then assigned Matsudaira Sadayuki from Kuwana Domain to govern the territory, which was reduced in size to 150,000 koku.  His branch of the Matsudaira clan would govern Iyo-Matsuyama Domain to the Meiji restoration. Although prosperous in its early years, the domain was hard hit by famine caused by droughts and floods during the Kanbun and Enpo eras (1661–1680), and financial difficulties continued thereafter. In particular, the Kyōhō famine of 1732 was especially severe and the 5th daimyō. Matsudaira Sadahide was severely criticized by this shogunate for mismanagement when it was revealed that although 3500 commoners had died of starvation, his samurai continued to enjoy lives of dissipation. Despite constant financial issues, the tenshu of Matsuyama Castle was rebuilt in 1854 by the 12th daimyō, Matsudaira Katsuyoshi, although it had been destroyed by lightning seventy years previously in 1784. In 1859, Matsudaira Katsunari, the 13th daimyō, was ordered by the shogunate to construct coastal artillery batteries at Kanagawa in Musashi Province in response to the Perry Expedition. During the Bakumatsu period, the domain was strongly pro-shogunate, and was in the vanguard of the 1864 First Chōshū expedition. During that battle, Matsuyama troops looted and massacred the inhabitants of Suō-Ōshima island, which set the seeds for a strong enmity between Chōshū Domain and Matsuyama. The 14th daimyō, Matsudaira Sadaaki was appointed rōjū in 1867. During the Boshin War, he guarded the Umeda area of Osaka, but on hearing that Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu had abandoned his forces during the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, returned to Matsuyama. The domain surrendered to the imperial side under the conditions that it pay a 150,000 ryō fine to the Imperial Court and that Matsudaira Sadaaki resign and be placed under house arrest through the intercession of Tosa Domain, who was wary of Chōshū's increasing influence and belligerence. Afterwards, the Meiji government ordered Sadaaki to change his family name from 'Matsudaira' to 'Hisamatsu.' In 1871, the domain became "Matsuyama Prefecture" due to the abolition of the han system. Later, it was incorporated into Ehime Prefecture via "Sekitetsu Prefecture".

In 1887, the family was granted the title of count (hakushaku) under the kazoku peerage system. The clan's Takayashiki residence in Edo was the location where Horibe Yasubei and 11 other of the Forty-seven rōnin of the Ako incident committed seppuku in 1703. After the Meiji restoration, the estate was sold to Matsukata Masayoshi and subsequently became the site of the Italian embassy in Tokyo.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period
As with most domains in the han system, Matsuyama Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.

Iyo Province
29 villages in Noma District (entire district)
25 villages in Wake District (entire district)
36 villages in Onsen District (entire district)
32 villages in Kume District (entire district)
26 villages in Shūfu District
25 villages in Kuwamura District
17 villages in Ochi District
77 villages in Kazahaya District
47 villages in Ukena District
22 villages in Iyo District

List of daimyō

{| class=wikitable
! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || kokudaka
|-
|colspan=6|  Katō clan, 1600-1627 (Tozama)
|-
||1||||1600–1627||Sama-no-suke (左馬助); Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||200,000 koku
|-
|colspan=6|  Gamō clan, 1614-1634 (Tozama)
|-
||1||||1627–1634||Nakatsukasa-no-taifu (中務大輔);  Jijū (侍従)|| Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (正四位下)||240,000 koku
|-
|colspan=6|  Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan, 1635-1871 (Shinpan)
|-
||1||||1635–1658||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
||2||||1658–1662||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
||3||||1662–1674||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|4||||1674–1720||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|5||||1720–1733||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|6||||1733–1763||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|7||||1763–1765||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従五位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|8||||1765–1777||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|9||||1777–1804||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従), Sankon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|10||||1804–1809||-none-|| -none -||150,000 koku
|-
|11||||1809–1835||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|12||||1835–1856||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従), Sankon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|13||||1856–1867||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従), Sankon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|14||||1867–1868||Iyo-no-kami (伊予守);  Jijū (侍従), Sankon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 従四位下)||150,000 koku
|-
|13||||1868–1871||Oki-no-kami (隠岐守);  Jijū (侍従), Sankon'e-no-shosho (左近衛権少将)|| Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade ( 正四位)||150,000 koku
|-
|14||||1871–1871|| -none-|| Senior 5th Rank ( 従五位)||150,000 koku
|-
|}

Simplified family tree (Matsudaira)

 Mizuno Tadamasa, Lord of Kariya (1493–1543). He had issue, including:
 Mizuno Nobumoto (died 1576)
  (likely) Doi Toshikatsu, Lord of Koga (1573–1644)
  A daughter, m. Hori Naotsugu, Lord of Murakami (1614–1638)
  A daughter, m. Hori Naoyoshi, Lord of Muramatsu (1637–1676)
  Hori Naotoshi, 3rd Lord of Muramatsu (1658–1716)
  Hori Naohide, 5th Lord of Susaka (1700–1767)
  Ho-umyōin, m. Tachibana Nagahiro, 5th Lord of Miike (1720–1778)
  Tachibana Tanechika, 6th Lord of Miike (1744–1809)
  A daughter (1782–1807), m. Ikeda Naganori (born 1783)
  A daughter, m. Matsudaira Katsumi
  Lieutenant-General Hisamatsu Sadakoto, 17th family head, 1st Count (1867–1943; 17th family head: 1872–1943; Count: c. 1884)
  Hisamatsu Sadatake, 18th family head, 2nd Count (1899–1995; 18th family head: 1943–95; 2nd Count: 1943–47)
  Hisamatsu Sadanaru, 19th family head (born 1926; 19th family head: 1995-present)
  Hisamatsu Sadasato (born 1979)
 A daughter (died 1597), m. Matsudaira Iehiro (died 1571)
  A daughter, m. Torii Mototada, Lord of Yasaku (1539–1600)
  Torii Naritsugu, Lord of Tanimura (1570–1631)
  A daughter, m. Inoue Masatoshi, 1st Lord of Kasama (1606–1675)
  Inoue Masatō, 2nd Lord of Kasama (1630–1701)
  Inoue Teishōin, m. Matsudaira Nobuteru, 1st Lord of Koga (1660–1725)
  Matsudaira Nobutoki, 1st Lord of Hamamatsu (1683–1744)
  Matsudaira Nobunao, 1st Lord of Yoshida (1719–1768)
  Matsudaira Nobuuya, 2nd Lord of Yoshida (1737–1770)
  Matsudaira Kikaku (1767–1789), m. Nagai Naonobu, 9th Lord of Takatsuki (1761–1815)
  Nagai Yasuko (died 1812), m. Tōdō Takasawa, 10th Lord of Tsu (1781–1825)
  Tōdō Takayuki, 11th Lord of Tsu (1813–1895)
   XIV. Matsudaira (Tōdō) Sadaaki, 14th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1845–1872; r. 1867–68; 14th & 16th family head: 1867–68 & 1871–72)
  O-dainokata (1528–1602). She married twice and had issue, including:
  Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1st Tokugawa Shōgun (1543–1616; r. 1603–05) (by O-dainokata's first husband Matsudaira Hirotada (1526–1549))
 Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st Lord of Kishū (1602–1671)
 Tokugawa Mitsutada, 2nd Lord of Kishū (1627–1705)
  Tokugawa Yoshimune, 5th Lord of Kishū, 8th Tokugawa Shōgun (1684–1751; Lord of Kishū: 1705–16; Shōgun: 1716–45)
  Tokugawa Munetake, 1st Tayasu-Tokugawa family head (1716–1771)
   IX. Matsudaira Sadakuni, 9th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1757–1804; r. 1779–1804)
  X. Sadanori, 10th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1793–1809; r. 1804–09)
   XI. Sadamichi, 11th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1804–1835; r. 1809–35)
 Tokugawa Yorifusa, 1st Lord of Mito (1603–1661)
  Matsudaira Yorishige, 1st Lord of Takamatsu (1622–1695)
  Matsudaira Yoritoshi (1661–1687)
  Matsudaira Yoritoyo, 3rd Lord of Takamatsu (1680–1735)
  Tokugawa Munetaka, 4th Lord of Mito (1705–1730)
  Tokugawa Munemoto, 5th Lord of Mito (1728–1766)
  Tokugawa Harumori, 6th Lord of Mito (1751–1805)
  Tokugawa Harutoshi, 7th Lord of Mito (1773–1816)
  Matsudaira Yorihiro, 9th Lord of Takamatsu (1798–1842)
   XIII and XV. Katsushige, 13th & 15th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1832–1912; Lord: 1856–67 & 1868–69; Governor: 1871; 15th family head: 1868–71)
 Hisamatsu Sadakatsu, Lord of Kuwana (1560–1624) (by O-dainokata's second husband Hisamatsu Toshikatsu (1526–1587))
  I. Matsudaira Sadayuki, 1st Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1587–1668; r. 1635–68)
   II. Sadayori, 2nd Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1607–1662; r. 1658–62)
  III. Sadanaga, 3rd Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1640–1674; r. 1662–74)
  A daughter, m. Shimazu Tsunahisa (1632–1673)
  Shimazu Tsunataka, 3rd Lord of Satsuma (1650–1704)
  Shimazu Yoshitaka, 4th Lord of Satsuma (1675–1747)
  Shimazu Tsugutoyo, 5th Lord of Satsuma (1702–1760)
  Shimazu Shigetoshi, 7th Lord of Satsuma (1729–1755)
  Shimazu Shigehide, 8th Lord of Satsuma (1745–1833)
  Shimazu Narinobu, 9th Lord of Satsuma (1774–1841)
 Shimazu Narioki, 10th Lord of Satsuma (1791–1858)
  Shimazu Hisamitsu (1817–1887)
  Shimazu Tadayoshi, 12th Lord of Satsuma (1840–1897)
  Sadako (1878–1974), m. Lieutenant-General Hisamatsu Sadakoto, 17th family head, 1st Count – see above
   XII. Matsudaira Katsuyoshi, 12th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1817–1856; r. 1835–56)
  Sadakyō-in Kunihime (1843–1904), m.  XIV. Matsudaira (Tōdō) Sadaaki, 14th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama – see above
  Sadafusa, 1st Lord of Imabari (1604–1676)
  Sadatoki, 2nd Lord of Imabari (1635–1676)
   IV. Sadanao, 4th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1660–1720; r. 1674–1720)
  V. Sadahide, 5th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1696–1733; r. 1720–33)
  VI. Sadataka, 6th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1716–1763; r. 1733–63)
   VII. Sadakatsu, 7th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1733–1765; r. 1763–65)
  Sadaakira, 1st Lord of Matsuyama-Shinden (1700–1747)
   VIII. Sadakiyo, 8th Lord of Iyo-Matsuyama (1729–1779; r. 1765–79)

See also

 List of Han
 Abolition of the han system

References

Domains of Japan
History of Ehime Prefecture
Iyo Province
Shikoku region
Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan
1608 establishments in Japan
States and territories established in 1608
1871 disestablishments in Japan
States and territories disestablished in 1871


Ed 'Snowy' Rigney  (1893-1975), was a rugby league footballer for Newtown and the Eastern Suburbs clubs who played in the New South Wales Rugby League.

Playing career
Snowy Rigney began his rugby league career with the Newtown club in 1917, he played in 38 matches with that club before joining Eastern Suburbs in 1920.

A fullback, Rigney played 63 matches for the Eastern Suburbs club in the years 1920-24 & 1926 including the 1923 premiership decider. He was often nicknamed 'Muscles' due to his small statue. His son, Ted, was an aspiring amateur golfer in the 1940s and 1950s.

Rigney was selected to represent New South Wales rugby league team in 1919 and 1921 and is recognized as the Newtown Jets' 107th player, and the Sydney Roosters' 114th player.

References

External links

1893 births
1975 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Sydney Roosters players
Newtown Jets players
New South Wales rugby league team players
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Sydney
South Sydney Rabbitohs players


Gabriel Jacques Surenne FSA FASE (1777–1858) was a 19th-century French-born military historian living in Scotland who authored numerous publications in the fields of warfare and battle analysis and also in French grammar.

Life

He was born to Louis Nicolas Surenne (1750-1805), Glazier and Marie-Michell Dez (b. 1752) in Compiegne in France on 24 October 1778 and baptized in the Parish of St Antoine, Compiegne, Oise, Picardie, France on 25th October 1778.  His brother George Surenne was born in c1780, his brother Antoine-Marie Stanislas Surenne was born in 1781 in Compiegne, and his sister Marie-Louise was also born in Parish of St Antoine, Compiegne, France.

A newspaper epitaph mentions his war service with Napoleon Bonaparte in his successful Italian Campaigns.  This could have been the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Arcole in November 1796 or Rivoli in January 1797.  Gabriel would have been 18 at the commencement of his service.

His early life is unclear other than various references made by himself as to having been trained in Paris. He attended Ecclesiastical College of St Cornell in Compiegne, Oise, Picardie, France.  There is a reference in Ancestry.com of rented premises at Vine Street, Picadilly, London that Gabriel used as a retail jeweler's store in partnership with Monsieur Bernaud. He took on George Eades as a goldsmith apprentice on 6th June 1804. ( UK Register of Duties Paid for Apprectices' Indentures 1710-1811)   This venture may not have been successful as in 1813 he was called to give a report on his estate (bankruptcy).  At that time, he resided in a house owned by David Niven in Dean Street, St Anne, Westminster.  The sum of 4 pounds 11 shillings and 8 pence were affixed and exonerated.

He appeared in Edinburgh, Scotland around 1816, and became a teacher and prodigious author of French educational textbooks.  He was a member of the French Grammatical Society and the Scottish Antiquarian Society.

He was a founding donor and master at the Scottish Military and Naval Academy, an Edinburgh institution 'for training young men, chiefly for the service of the royal and East India Company's services; Surenne also contributed to the various branches of military education such as fortification, military drawing, gun-drill, and military exercises and French language. The Academy was closed in the late 19th century.

He married Sophia Le Cointe on 2nd August 1802 at St James, Picadilly, Westminster, London.  This is a large, beautiful light-filled church designed by Sir Christopher Wren.  His son Daniel Ferdinand Surenne was born in London on 5th July 1803.  His daughter Elizabeth was born in London on 30th August 1807.   Elizabeth married Robert Reid, Dental Surgeon on 17th September 1837.  His son, Peter was born in London in 1809, and his last son John Thomas Surenne was born on 4 March 1814 in London.  On the 27th March Gabriel was listed as a jeweler on John's baptism record and lived in 6 New Court, Fleet Market, City of London, England.  In 1826 he lived in 12 George Street, Edinburgh, a solid four-storey building.  In later life he is listed as living with his wife Sophia and their daughter, Elizabeth Surenne, at 8 Great King Street in Edinburgh's Second New Town, reflecting a fairly noble lifestyle.

He continued to live at 8 Great King Street with his family including his son Daniel F Surenne (1804-1861) who became an art teacher and portrait painter. A second son, became Prof John Surenne.  John lived at 66 Great King Street where he taught piano to private students.  He also was engaged by a private school as a music master.  John was also the organist at the Canongate/Kilwinning Lodge at 23 St John Street, Edinburgh.  This is the same Lodge previously attended by Robert Burns, the famous Scottish poet.

On 10th August 1844 Gabriel went to Le Havre, France and returned on 10th August 1844 on board SS Sphinx.

He died at age 79 in Edinburgh on 12 September 1858 of bronchitis and old age. His obituary describes him as a particularly kind and gentle disposition.  He is buried in a northwest section of Dean Cemetery with his wife, Sophia Lecointe.

Theory of Mons Graupius
Surenne analysed the noted historic battle of Mons Graupius and concluded in a letter to Sir Walter Scott that the most likely location of this first recorded battle in Scottish history was in the vicinity of Kempstone Hill and the Raedykes Roman Camp.

Publications

The Pocket French Grammatical and Critical Dictionary (1830)
Petit Cours de Francais (1831) published by Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh
Standard Pronouncing Dictionary of the French and English Languages (1845)
A Practical Grammar of French Rhetoric (1846)
New French Dialogues (1851)
A Genealogical Account of the Royal House of Bruce (1854)
A New French Manual and Traveller’s Companion
Dictionary of the French and English Languages

It is unclear if Surenne is also the same as Voltaire Gabriel Surenne who also published books on French military subjects.  (Gabriel Jacques Surenne co-wrote Histoire De Charles X11 (1848) with Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet))

References

1858 deaths
Writers from Edinburgh
19th-century French historians
French male non-fiction writers


Ślepowron ("night heron") may refer to:

 Ślepowron coat of arms
 Ślepowron, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Andaigweos, also written as Ou-daig-weos and other variants of Ojibwa:  Aandegwiiyaas (Crow's Meat), was an Ojibwe leader who lived in the Zhaagawaamikong (Chequamegon) region in present-day Wisconsin on Lake Superior during the 18th century.  Andaigweos was member of the Loon doodem.  He was born on Madeline Island in the early 18th century.  His father was from Canada (likely Sault Ste. Marie area) and moved to the western end of Lake Superior during the Ojibwe migrations of the 18th century.  In his youth, the hereditary chiefs at Zhaagawaamikong were members of the Crane doodem.  He was the grandfather of Chief Buffalo.

Year of death missing
Native American leaders
Ojibwe people
Year of birth unknown
18th-century Native American leaders
Native American people from Wisconsin
People from Ashland County, Wisconsin


This is a list containing the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks number-ones of 2001.

See also
Hot Latin Tracks

References

2001 record charts
Lists of Billboard Hot Latin Songs number-one songs
2001 in Latin music


Club Deportivo Guabirá is a Bolivian professional football club from Montero, Santa Cruz, that currently plays in the Bolivian Primera División. Their home ground is the Estadio Gilberto Parada, which has a capacity of 18,000 spectators.

Although the team has always been based in Montero, they played in Santa Cruz de la Sierra until 1999 when their stadium was finally brought up to first division standards.

History
The club was formed on 14 April 1962. Guabirá won its first trophy with the 1975 league title. The championship also gave the club a spot in their first continental participation: the 1976 Copa Libertadores, where it finished last in its group. The next year, in 1977, the club was one of the 16 clubs that founded the Bolivian professional league. In 1995 the club finished runner-up, which granted it a spot in the 1996 Copa Libertadores. The club finished last in the group again, although it got a victory over fellow Bolivian side Club San José.

The club almost won the Copa Bolivia in 2000, but lost to The Strongest in the final.

The club earned its first Copa Sudamericana participation and made the return to continental tournaments after 22 years with its participation in the 2018 Copa Sudamericana, where the club was eliminated in the first round on away goals to LDU Quito. They earned this right because they finished 6th in the aggregate table for the 2016–17 season. Guabirá participated again in the 2019 and 2021 editions. In 2019 they were eliminated in the first round to an Ecuadorian team again, this time to Macará, while in 2021 they defeated fellow Bolivian side Nacional Potosí to advance to the group stage, in which they lost all of their matches.

Honours
First Division – Professional Era
Winners (1): 1975
Runners-up (1): 1995
Second Division/ Copa Simón Bolivar
Winners (2): 2007, 2009
Runners-up (2): 1991, 2005
Copa Aerosur del Sur
Winners (1): 2010
Copa Bolivia
Runners-up (3): 1978, 1982, 2000

Performance in CONMEBOL competitions
Copa Libertadores: 2 appearances
Best: First Round in 1976, 1996
1976 – first round
1996 – first round

Copa Sudamericana: 3 appearances
Best: Group Stage in 2021
2018 – first stage
2019 – first stage
2021 – group stage

Current squad

References

External links

Unofficial website

Football clubs in Bolivia
Association football clubs established in 1962
1962 establishments in Bolivia


The Bog Walk to Port Antonio railway was a railway in Jamaica built to serve the banana, cacao, citrus and coconut districts of St Catherine, St Mary and Portland.

Construction, operation and closure
The railway operated from 1896 to 1978. It was temporarily closed from 1975 to 1977. The line was  long.

Gradients
The ruling gradient was 1 in 63 with the line climbing approximately  in  (average gradient 1 in 173) from Bog Walk (approximately ) to its summit at Highgate (approximately ) then descending approximately  in just  (average gradient 1 in 63) to the Wag Water Bridge (just above sea level) and continuing for another  more or less on the level and along the coast to Port Antonio.

Stations and Halts
There were 13 stations and 15 halts:

Tunnels

There were 17 tunnels:

Bridges
There were ten significant bridges. Approximate bridge lengths are shown in the route diagram to the right.

 B2 & River Doro at Darling Spring/Troja
 Orange River at Richmond
 Wagwater River
 Pencar River
 Dry River
 White River
 Buff Bay River
 Spanish River
 Swift River
 Rio Grande

Bibliography

See also
 Railways of Jamaica

Notes and references

Railway lines opened in 1896
Standard gauge railways in Jamaica


Estadio Gilberto Parada is a multi-use stadium in Montero, Bolivia.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home of Guabirá of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano.  The stadium has a capacity of 13,000 people.

References

External links
Stadium information

Gilberto Parada
Buildings and structures in Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)


Styxosaurus is a genus of plesiosaur of the family Elasmosauridae. Styxosaurus lived during the Campanian age of the Cretaceous period. Three species are known: S. snowii, S. browni, and S. rezaci.

Discovery

The holotype specimen of Styxosaurus snowii a complete skull and 20 vertebrae and was first described by S.W. Williston Styxosaurus is named for the mythological River Styx (), which separated the Greek underworld from the world of the living. The -saurus part comes from the Greek  (), meaning "lizard" or "reptile." The type specimen was found on Hell Creek in Logan County, Kansas, which is the source of the genus name coined by Samuel Paul Welles, who described the genus in 1943.

Another more complete specimen, SDSMT 451, was discovered near Iona, South Dakota, also in the US, in 1945. The specimen was originally described and named Alzadasaurus pembertoni by Welles and Bump (1949) and remained so until it was synonymized with S. snowii by Carpenter. Its chest cavity contained about 250 gastroliths, or "stomach stones". Although it is mounted at the School of Mines as if its head were looking up and out of the water, such a position would be physically impossible. In 2023, Elliott Smith and Robin O'Keefe also assigned this specimen to Styxosaurus but considered it to be indeterminate at the species level.

In 2023, another species of Styxosaurus, S. rezaci, was named by Smith and O'Keefe, based on a specimen from the Cenomanian of Nebraska previously thought to belong to Thalassomedon.

Description
Styxosaurus was a large elasmosaur, with a long neck measuring about  in total. It reached  in length and  in body mass. Its sharp teeth were conical and were adapted to puncture and hold rather than to cut; like other plesiosaurs, Styxosaurus swallowed its food whole.

Classification

Styxosaurus snowii is from a group called elasmosaurs, and is closely related to Elasmosaurus platyurus, which was  found in Kansas, USA, in 1867.

The first Styxosaurus to be described was initially called Cimoliasaurus snowii by S.W. Williston in 1890. The specimen included a complete skull and more than 20 cervical vertebrae (  KUVP 1301) that were found near Hell Creek in western Kansas by Judge E.P. West.

The name was later changed to Elasmosaurus snowii by Williston in 1906 and then to Styxosaurus snowii by Welles in 1943.

A second species, Styxosaurus browni, was named by Welles in 1952. Although synonymized with Hydralmosaurus serpentinus by Kenneth Carpenter in 1999, it was revalidated by Rodrigo A. Otero in 2016.

The following cladogram shows the placement of Styxosaurus within Elasmosauridae following an analysis by Otero, 2016:

Palaeobiology
While most predators do not use gastroliths for grinding of food, almost all reasonably complete elasmosaur specimens include gastroliths. Although it is possible Styxosaurus may have used the stones as ballast, a Styxosaurus specimen found in the Pierre Shale of western Kansas included ground up fish bones mixed with the gastroliths. In addition, the weight of the gastroliths found in elasmosaur specimens is always much less than 1% of the estimated weight of the living animal.

While crocodiles and some other animals may use gastroliths for ballast today, it appears likely that elasmosaurs used them as a gastric mill. See Henderson (2006) contra Wings (2004).

Styxosaurus, like most other plesiosaurs, probably fed on belemnites, fish (Gillicus, etc.) and squid. With its interlocking teeth, Styxosaurus could grab on to its slippery prey before swallowing it.

Gallery

See also

 List of plesiosaur genera
 Timeline of plesiosaur research

Notes

References

Sources
Everhart, M. J. 2000. Gastroliths associated with plesiosaur remains in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous), western Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 103(1-2): 58–69.
Cicimurri, D. J. and M. J. Everhart, 2001. An elasmosaur with stomach contents and gastroliths from the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans 104(3-4):129-143.
Everhart, M. J. 2005a. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, 320 pp.
Everhart, M. J. 2005b. Elasmosaurid remains from the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Possible missing elements of the type specimen of Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868? PalArch 4(3): 19–32.
Everhart, M. J. 2006. The occurrence of elasmosaurids (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) in the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas. Paludicola 5(4):170-183.
Henderson, J. 2006. Floating point: a computational study of buoyancy, equilibrium, and gastroliths in plesiosaurs. Lethaia 39: 227–244.
Welles, S. P. 1943. Elasmosaurid plesiosaurs with a description of the new material from California and Colorado. University of California Memoirs 13:125-254. figs.1-37., pls.12-29.
Welles, S. P. 1952. A review of the North American Cretaceous elasmosaurs. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 29:46-144. figs. 1-25.
Welles, S. P. 1962. A new species of elasmosaur from the Aptian of Columbia and a review of the Cretaceous plesiosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
Welles, S. P. and Bump, J. 1949. Alzadasaurus pembertoni, a new elasmosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of South Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 23(5): 521–535.

External links
 Styxosaurus at Oceans of Kansas
 Styxosaurus at National Geographic
 Styxosaurus snowii at Sachs Vertebrate Palaeontology Research

Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs of North America
Elasmosaurids
Fossil taxa described in 1943
Taxa named by Samuel Paul Welles
Sauropterygian genera


Necronomicon is a 2006 album by The Devil'z Rejects, a duo consisting of Jedi Mind Tricks member Jus Allah and Boston rapper Bomshot. The album was allegedly released without the knowledge of Jus Allah and many of the album's contributors. It's been rumored that Bomshot, a former label-mate of Jus on Virtuoso's Omnipotent Records, stole the masters for Jus' original unreleased version of All Fates Have Changed, and crafted the album himself. The album features production from Kingston of Blue Sky Black Death and Snowgoons, and guest appearances from GZA, U-God, Snacky Chan, Chief Kamachi, Shabazz the Disciple and Virtuoso. The album received moderately positive reviews, due to the production and Jus' vocals. Necronomicon received little attention, but sold moderately well online, reaching the top 10 on the bestsellers list for both January and February 2007.

Tracks 23-26 are bonus tracks featured on the Limited Edition re-release.

Track listing

References

2006 albums
East Coast hip hop albums


Andy Eastwood (born 1980 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England) is a vaudeville entertainer and ukulele player.

His interest in the ukulele and banjolele began when his grandfather gave him his first instrument as a child, and after reading music at the University of Oxford, where he also studied violin and piano, he graduated as the historic university's first musician ever to give a degree recital on the ukulele.

After cutting his teeth as a cabaret performer, Eastwood broke into theatre and developed a reputation as a multi-instrumental variety act, combining his instrumental and vocal prowess with comic delivery, notably reminiscent of British film comedian George Formby, to whom (amongst others) Eastwood pays tribute in his act.
Recent years have seen him touring as an opening act and supporting act for Ken Dodd, Danny La Rue, Ronnie Ronalde and also starring in a wartime revue called We'll Meet Again.

Eastwood's first CD album in 1999, was Ukulele Serenade; it featured the comic songs of George Formby and various ukulele arrangements of well known standards, in keeping with his ambition to promote the ukulele to wider popularity than it had enjoyed in his youth. The album was championed by BBC Radio 2 presenter Desmond Carrington.
Subsequent releases have included Ukulele Mania (2004), We'll Meet Again (2005), Bring Me Sunshine (2007), and Ukulele Mania Bonus Edition (2009). In addition to the ukulele and banjolele, he plays violin, guitar, banjo, piano, keyboards, drums, bass, washboard, and of course, vocals, on his recordings.

In 2008 Eastwood began presenting a music programme called Andy's Attic on the internet radio station Retro Jukebox, and in 2010 he released his first DVD, We'll Meet Again.

Eastwood's TV appearances include Barrymore, Blue Peter, GMTV, Today with Des and Mel, and he also taught comedian Frank Skinner to play the ukulele for the 2006 BBC One show Play It Again. Skinner became so interested in the instrument that as a result he went on to make a George Formby documentary for BBC Four, in which Eastwood also appeared. A further Skinner documentary What A Performance in 2015 also featured Eastwood discussing George Formby and playing one of Formby's original instruments, which he now owns.

Eastwood continued his quest to demonstrate the ukulele's worth as a 'serious' instrument in 2015 with the release of Three Classics for Ukulele, a suite of classical pieces arranged as challenging instrumental solos.

In 2016 he was voted into the showbusiness charity organisation The Grand Order of Water Rats.

Discography
Ukulele Serenade (1999) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 991
Running Wild with the band 'Red Hot & Blonde' (2002) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 021
Ukuelele Mania (2004) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 031
We'll Meet Again (2005) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 051
Bring Me Sunshine (2007) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 061
Ukulele Mania Bonus Edition (2009) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 081
We'll Meet Again (DVD) (2010) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 101
Spirit Of The Blitz with singer Lucia Matisse (2011) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 111
We'll Meet Again Bonus Edition (2015) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 151
The Andy Eastwood Collection (2015) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 152
Three Classics For Ukulele (EP) (2015) Label: ACE Music Catalogue No: ACE 153

References

External links
Official website
Live video footage of 'William Tell's Ukulele' from 'Ukulele Mania'
Listen to Andy's Attic on internet radio station Retro Jukebox

English comedy musicians
English violinists
British male violinists
1979 births
Living people
British ukulele players
Musicians from Blackburn
Vaudeville performers
21st-century violinists
21st-century British male musicians


Alas Nacionales S.A. ("National Wings" in Spanish) was a Puerto Plata-based carrier that operated charter flights between Dominican Republic and Germany. The airline served as a representative of Birgenair.

History
In summer 1994, the German tour operator Öger Tours and the small German airline Ratioflug entered into a cooperation to offer low-cost charter flights from Germany to the Dominican Republic in winter 94/95. The German Federal Ministry of Transport granted traffic rights to Ratioflug for period of six months. Because Ratioflug did not have any airplane with corresponding capacity and range it leased a Boeing 757-200 from the Turkish airline Birgenair for these flights.

In order to continue the charter flights in the next winter season, Öger Tours and Birgenair went into a cooperation with Alas Nacionales in summer 1995. This Dominican airline was founded in Puerto Plata by the Finn Matti Puhakka and six other shareholders earlier that year. The company owned an Air Operator Certificate, but no aircraft at that time. It was agreed that Birgenair organize and operate the flights of Alas Nacionales. In return Matti Puhakka and his business partners were offered a remuneration of 10 DM per registered passenger. After Alas Nacionales received traffic rights to Germany the airline officially leased a Boeing 767-200ER from Birgenair. On October 25, 1995 the Turkish aircraft was registered in the Dominican Republic as HI-660CA. A week later the flights to Germany began, they were carried out by Turkish crews.

Due to a defective hydraulic pump on the Boeing 767, it was not available for Birgenair Flight 301 from Puerto Plata to Frankfurt via Berlin on February, 6 1996, so that this flight was carried out exceptionally with Boeing 757-200 from Birgenair. Due to the shorter range of this type, a refuel stop in Gander was planned. The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from Puerto Plata Airport. Birgenair had leased this Boeing 757 in November 1995 to the Argentine airline Servicios de Transportes Aéreos Fueguinos (STAF) and operated it on five flights between the Dominican Republic and Buenos Aires until January 1996. Afterwards the aircraft was not transferred back to Turkey, but remained in Puerto Plata.

Both airlines suspended their operations and eventually vanished in the same year after the crash.

Fleet
1 Boeing 757-200 (short time lease from Birgenair. The same aircraft that crashed as Flight 301)
1 Boeing 767-200ER (leased from Birgenair)

Accidents and incidents

On February 6, 1996, Alas Nacionales Flight 301 (Operated by Birgenair) was bound for Frankfurt, Germany but crashed shortly after take-off from Puerto Plata Airport in the Dominican Republic into Atlantic Ocean 26 kilometers off-shore. All 176 passengers and 13 crew members, among them 154 Germans and 9 Polish people, were killed. It was found that one of the air speed indicators of the Boeing 757-200 was not working properly, confusing the pilots about whether the plane's speed was too fast or too slow. Massive negative publicity about Birgenair and other discount flight organizers in Germany following the disaster caused a sharp decline in reservations, and finally the company went into bankruptcy and closed later that same year, 1996.

See also
List of defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic

References

Defunct airlines of the Dominican Republic
Airlines established in 1995
Airlines disestablished in 1996


McKnight (also MacKnight, Macknight) is a Scottish (Ulster-Scots) surname. It is a derivative of the surname MacNaught/McNaught.

Notable people with the surname include

A
Allen McKnight (born 1964), Northern Irish footballer
Angela V. McKnight (born 1977), American politician
Ann McKnight, American film editor
Anna Caulfield McKnight (1866–1947), American lecturer
Anne McKnight (1924–2012), American soprano
Anthony McKnight (1954–2019), American serial killer

B
Bailey McKnight (born 1990), Canadian cyclist
Beeban McKnight (1897–1996), New Zealand entertainer
Bert McKnight (1883–1961), Australian rules footballer
Beverly McKnight, Canadian synchronized swimmer
Bill McKnight (1940–2019), Canadian politician
Bob McKnight (1938–2021), Canadian ice hockey player
Brian McKnight (born 1969), American singer-songwriter
Brian E. McKnight (born 1936), American Sinologist, Sung Dynasty

C
Cezar McKnight (born 1973), American politician
Chad McKnight (born 1984), American basketball player
Charles McKnight (1750–1791), American physician
Cheyney McKnight, African-American historical interpreter
Clarence E. McKnight Jr. (1929–2022), American general

D
David McKnight (1935–2006), Canadian-British anthropologist
Dennis McKnight (born 1959), American football player
Denny McKnight (1848–1900), American baseball executive and manager
Denyss McKnight (born 1982), Canadian musician
DeWayne McKnight (born 1954), American guitarist
Diane McKnight (born 1953), American professor
Dodge MacKnight (1860–1950), American painter
Dorothy McKnight, American athletic administrator

E
Edwin T. McKnight (1869–1935), American politician

G
Graham McKnight (born 1986), English Theatre practitioner

I
Ian McKnight, Jamaican activist

J
Jack McKnight (born 1994), West Indian footballer
James McKnight (disambiguation), multiple people
Jeff McKnight (born 1963), American baseball player
Jim McKnight (1936–1994), American baseball player
Jimmy McKnight (1923–1999), Australian rules footballer
Joe McKnight (1988–2016), American football player
Joe McKnight (politician) (1933–2023), American politician
John McKnight (disambiguation), multiple people

K
Kaila McKnight (born 1986), Australian runner
Ken McKnight (born 1964), New Zealand cricketer

L
Lauren McKnight (born 1988), American actress
Linda McKnight, American bassist

M
Marian McKnight (born 1936), American beauty pageant contestant
Martaveous McKnight (born 1997), American basketball player
Matt McKnight (born 1984), Canadian ice hockey player
Mike McKnight, American keyboardist

P
Paul McKnight (born 1977), Northern Irish footballer

Q
Quincy McKnight (born 1995), American basketball player

R
Reginald McKnight (born 1956), American novelist
Rhema McKnight (born 1984), American football player
Richard McKnight (born 1977), Scottish rugby union footballer
Robert McKnight (1820–1885), American politician
Robert W. McKnight (born 1944), American businessman
Romeo McKnight (born 1998), American football player

S
Sam McKnight (born 1955), American hairstylist
Scot McKnight (born 1953), American theologian
Scotty McKnight (born 1988), American football player
Shawn McKnight (born 1968), American bishop
Sidney McKnight (born 1955), Canadian boxer
Sparkle McKnight (born 1991), Trinidadian athlete
Stephanie McKnight (born 1960), American Virgin Island cyclist
Stewart McKnight (1935–2021), New Zealand cricketer

T
Ted McKnight (born 1954), American football player
Terence E. McKnight (born 1956), American naval officer
Thomas McKnight (born 1941), American artist
Thomas McKnight (Iowa pioneer) (1787–1865), American pioneer
Tim McKnight, American biologist
Tom McKnight (1868–1930), English footballer
Tony McKnight (born 1977), American baseball player

W
Wes McKnight (1909–1968), Canadian television personality
William McKnight (1842–1914), American sailor
William L. McKnight (1887–1978), American businessman
Willie McKnight (1918–1941), Canadian aviator

See also
Senator McKnight (disambiguation), a disambiguation page for Senators surnamed "McKnight"

Surnames of Ulster-Scottish origin
Anglicised Scottish Gaelic-language surnames


Fulda University of Applied Sciences (officially named Hochschule Fulda – University of Applied Sciences) is located in the city of Fulda, within the Fulda district of Hesse, southwest Germany.

Formerly known as Fachhochschule Fulda, it was founded as the fifth state University of Applied Sciences in Hesse in 1974. Today, Fulda University of Applied Sciences is the first German University of Applied Sciences to have been conferred the right to award PhD degrees.

History

Established in 1971, the college was part of the University of Applied Sciences Gießen, until the location became an independent institution in 1974.

In 2006, the university was renamed Hochschule Fulda - University of Applied Sciences due to the restructuring of German and European higher education under the  Bologna process. Students at the university can now obtain state-accredited Bachelor, Master, and, as of 2016, also Doctoral degrees.

Faculties and study paths
 Applied Computer Science
  Business Administration
  Electrical Engineering & Information Technology
 Food Technology
  Nursing & Health Sciences
  Nutritional Science
 Social & Cultural Science
 Social Work
 Social Sciences (PhD)
 Public Health (PhD)

See also
 Fulda University

References

External links
 Official Fulda University of Applied Sciences website—
 Official Hochschule Fulda website—

Universities and colleges in Hesse
Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany
Fulda
Buildings and structures in Fulda (district)
Public universities and colleges in Germany
1974 establishments in Germany
Universities and colleges established in 1974


Neuthrone is the third full-length album by the Polish blackened death metal band Crionics. The album was originally released under Candlelight Records, but it was also released under Mystic Production. The album was released as an enhanced audio disc with a video of Humanmeat Cargo and bonus track Black Warriors and was recorded at Zed Studio 2006 till 2007 and was produced, engineered and mastered by Tomasz Zalewski who also recorded the last albums of Thy Disease, Totem, Horrorscope and many others.

The video clip was recorded by Besz Film in Gliwice, Poland. After working on the video clip for 6 days, War-A.N. comments:

The album is a concept album describing apocalyptic events where an ancient extraterrestrial civilization known as the "Rye’eh-X’D’aah" ransack the Earth, enslave, and transform humanity.

From the album liner notes:

Crionics - Neuthrone - Introduction

"Thousands of years before Christ, the extraterrestrial civilization of Rye’eh-X’D’aah – the Demiurgs who since the beginning of time had been wandering in search of the Harbour (the optimal climate conditions and resources to enable their Great System to function most efficiently) one day encountered Mother Earth. Unfortunately, the atmosphere and lack of technology (neutron-climate control and extermination technology was still being developed) made it impossible to take control of the planet and settle on it. The Rye’eh-X’D’yh devised a lengthy but effective and safe solution to the problem. After series of tests and experiments, Leaders’ Council selected a few hundred of the best-developed, healthiest specimens of both sexes of Homo sapiens. They were taken along on the next part of the voyage, most of which they spent in cryogenic chambers, being reproduced, experimented on and modified genetically, so that their new fathers could raise a new species, the Homo superior, a doomsday device in the hands of the Demiurgs…"

Track listing

 "Introduction" - 1:19
 "New Pantheon" - 3:36
 "Arrival 2033" - 3:09
 "Neu.Throne.Aeon" - 4:29
 "Superiors" - 4:06
 "Hell Earth" - 2:57
 "Humanmeat Cargo" - 3:39
 "Outer Empire" - 4:58
 "Frozen Hope" - 5:40
 "When The Sun Goes Out..." - 4:52
 "Black Warriors" (Bonus track) - 4:51

Notes
  An enhanced audio disc with a video of Humanmeat Cargo was included.
  The bonus track Black Warriors is a re-recording of the '98 demo track.

Personnel

Band members
 Michał "War-A.N" Skotniczny - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 Dariusz "Yanuary" Styczeń - bass, backing vocals
 Wacław "Vac-V" Borowiec - keyboards, electronics, backing vocals
 Maciej "Darkside" Kowalski - drums, percussions

Production personnel
 Tomasz Zalewski - engineering, mastering
 Michał "Czecza" Czekaj - photo shoot, cover art, designs

Release dates
Release dates are confirmed by their website.

References

External links
 Official Page
 Encyclopaedia Metallum

2007 albums
Crionics albums
Mystic Production albums


Bob (Robert) Baldwin (born December 9, 1960) is an American, New York born, contemporary jazz pianist, music composer, music producer, author, inventor, radio host and creator of the NewUrbanJazz Lounge. His views on owning his own recorded masters has been referred to as ‘the Ray Charles of Contemporary Jazz and Soul music’ among his peers. As of January 1, 2023, he owns all but 7 of his 33+ studio projects.

His album "The Stay At Home Series, Vol. 1" was selected in 2022 as the best contemporary jazz album by the inaugural Jazz Music Awards program. From 2018-current, he has charted on 8 Billboard Smooth Jazz Top -10 hit records as either producer/arranger or composer for Flutist Ragan Whiteside (Randis Records).

Baldwin learned music from his late father (Robert Baldwin, Sr.) when he was six, and began his recording career in 1983. His debut album, A Long Way to Go, was released in 1988, with his latest (and 33rd) release entitled, The Stay-At-Home Series. All but seven discs in his solo recording catalog are owned by his label, City Sketches, Inc. Baldwin cites his father as his first biggest musical influence, and mentioned he was found to have perfect pitch around the age of six, discovered by his father.

He has released more musical full-album recordings as a lead solo artist than any other Mt. Vernon, NY-native or Westchester-born musician, having released over 33 recordings since 1988.

Baldwin has earned five SESAC Music awards, for his 2002–2003 airplay of "The Way She Looked at Me", his 2008 airplay on NewUrbanJazz.com, his 2010 album, Never Can Say Goodbye: A Tribute to Michael Jackson, in 2011 for NewUrbanJazz.com2 / Re-Vibe, and his 2013 album Twenty. His 2015 release, MelloWonder: Songs in the Key of Stevie, which honors Stevie Wonder, debuted at No. 16 on the Billboard Overall Jazz Chart.

He's also written and/or arranged for Regina Carter, The Four Tops, Grover Washington, Jr., Paul Brown]], Richard Elliot, Marion Meadows, Ragan Whiteside, Tom Browne, Bob James, Will Downing, Freddie Jackson, Rhonda Smith, Dee Brown, James "Crab" Robinson, Paul Brown, Joey Sommerville, Vaneese Thomas, Tiffany Bynoe, Howard Hewitt, Whistle, Michael Urbaniak, the Lisa ("Left-Eye") Lopez'-produced girl group Blacque, Steve Oliver, Mel Holder, Dee Brown, Dee Lucas, Canadian trumpeter Gabriel Mark Hasselbach and Pieces of a Dream.

In 1982, Baldwin was introduced to the digital recording process called MIDI, which he used on a PC Desktop. It was given to him from longtime friend and engineer Wayne Warnecke The software program was created by Roger Powell called Texture, which Warnecke obtained from pianist Bob James in a studio in White Plains at Minot Sound Studios. He began to write, produce and arrange music through MIDI, which was also the basis of how he first built his recording catalogue. He was also able to observe James use the process in the studio.

In 1986, Baldwin performed briefly in Tom Browne's band, and in 1987, Browne asked Baldwin to participate on "No Longer I" for Browne on the short-lived Malaco Records Jazz Label. This Gospel-Jazz genre of music was only preceded by the group's Koinonia and the A&M group Seawind in the history of Gospel-Jazz, and Baldwin performed on, co-produced and co-arranged the disc for Browne.

In 2000, he co-wrote and co-produced two songs on Will Downing's All the Man You Need album, which was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2000 (Best Traditional R&B Album). He has also contributed as composer, co-producer and performer on Ragan Whiteside's Treblemaker, which charted over seven top-40 Billboard Contemporary Jazz radio singles.

Featured artists on his own solo recordings since 1988 include; Eric Essix, Kim Waters, Gerald Albright, Phil Perry, Fred Vigdor, Atlantic Starr original members Sharon Bryant and Porter Carroll, Jr., Noel Pointer, Lenny White, Larry Coryell, Dean James, Jeff Kashiwa, Chieli Minucci, Chuck Loeb, Edson Da Silva, Leo Gandelman, Lil' John Roberts (drummer), James Robinson, Rohn Lawrence, Darren Rahn, Russ Freeman (Rippingtons), Dennis Johnson, Barry Danielian, Poogie Bell, Euge Groove, CeCe Peniston, Najee, U-Nam, Steve Oliver, Toni Redd, Nils Jiptner, Marcus Anderson, Walter Beasley, Onaje Allan Gumbs, Fred Vigdor (AWB), Vivian Green, Brooke Alford, Torquato Mariano, Azymuth members Ivan Conte and Alex Malheiros, and Armando Marcel, as well as the aforementioned Sommerville, Robinson, Washington, Jr., Brown, Meadows, Whiteside, Downing, Browne, Thomas, and Jackson.

Bob has shared the stage with: Kirk Whalum, Dave Koz, Eric Marienthal, Gerald Veasley, Phil Perry, Ken Ford, Regina Carter, Alyson Williams, Buddy Williams, Marion Meadows, Chuck Loeb, Gerald Albright, Lalah Hathaway, Edson Silva, Maysa Leak, Nick Colionne, Warren Hill, Jonathan Butler, Rick Braun, Peter White, Paul Brown, Eric Darius and Adam Hawley, to name a few.

Baldwin grew up in a musical environment. His father, Robert Baldwin, Sr., (1926-2008) was a full-time Engineer, and a part-time pianist who worked local clubs throughout Westchester County, NY, just north of New York City. While his father was a fan of jazz icons like Mikes Davis, Bud Powell and Oscar Peterson, his older sister, Deborah, was a fan of soul music of the 1960s, including music by Motown, Stax record labels. These early musical experiences profoundly impacted Baldwin's musical path. He is also a fan of his elder cousin, jazz pianist Larry Willis, who played with Blood, Sweat and Tears, Jerry Gonzalez and the Fort Apache Band.

In 1987, Sony founded the Sony Innovator's Awards, an annual ceremony to award aspiring Afro-American artists who have shown outstanding talent in music and the visual arts. In his opening speech at the first ceremony held in 1988, music producer Quincy Jones stated that it was encouraging that a large firm like Sony was providing Afro-American artists a chance to be introduced to the entire nation. Baldwin was awarded the Sony Innovators Award in 1989, selected by Roberta Flack.

At age 20, in 1980, he met his first cousin, Pianist Larry Willis, who played in the original version of the pop group Blood, Sweat and Tears. They reunited at the funeral of Baldwin's grandfather, Percy Willis in Norfolk, Va. They played at the elder Willis funeral, and a musical bond was created. Baldwin and Willis later played at the Savannah Jazz Festival in 2008, both opening for headliner pianist Bob James. They maintained a musical and family bond since 1990.

Out of necessity to maintain creative control, he independently learned how to record music from engineers Wayne Warnecke in White Plains and Mamaroneck, NY, and Keyboardist/Engineer Dennis Johnson in Yonkers, NY. In 1990, Baldwin worked briefly with producer/arranger/keyboardist Kashif, where he learned about the ‘wall of sound’ vocal panning technique. In 1989 -1990, he was hired by Kashif to play keyboards and piano on a recording project by a new group called The Promise (Arista Records) featuring vocalist Joi Cardwell, but the project was never released.

Education
Bob Baldwin attended Geneva College in 1978, and graduated in 1986, but to complete his degree, he would have to attend several New York-based Colleges, including Hunter, Concordia and Iona, transferring credits back to Geneva between 1980-1986. He majored in Business Administration, minoring in Broadcast Communication.

At Geneva College, he discovered Broadcasting radio, and hosted his first radio program at college radio station WGEV from 1979-1980, and after falling short on college funding at Geneva, he returned to New York in 1981, where he completed his college degree, and while in New York, he further developed his broadcasting skills. He later founded the NewUrbanJazz radio program in 2008, which originally aired on WFSK, WNAA, WJAB, WVAS, and WVSU.

Baldwin is listed as a famous Geneva College Alumni, according to Ranker.

Radio career
Between 1978-1980, Baldwin discovered his love of radio at Geneva College at WGEV, where he minored in Broadcast Communications. It was there he learned radio production, and was a jazz jock on Sunday nights. At Geneva College, he also reignited his love for piano.

Baldwin returned to New York in January 1981, to utilize and further hone both his music and radio skills. He finished his college career at Concordia, Hunter and Iona Colleges while doing local gigs in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Westchester County.

In September 1981, Baldwin secured a radio internship at Inner City Broadcasting (WLIB/WBLS) in New York, NY, then owned by Tuskegee Airman Percy Sutton, where he studied news reporting, and honed other broadcasting skills under the tutelage of then News Director Pat Prescott, the late Carl Ferguson News Director David Lampel, Larry Hardesty, and Mark Reilly.

In 1981-1983, he worked briefly at WINS, then-owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting, where he pulled news wire for the staff writers.

In 1984, he was a field news reporter in Westchester County for WVIP Radio, then located in Mt. Kisco, NY (now located in New Rochelle, NY). He covered the Jesse Jackson Presidential campaign that same year when Jackson came to Shiloh Baptist Church in New Rochelle.

Baldwin reunited with the aforementioned Prescott when she worked for CD101.9 in New York. Prescott introduced Baldwin's music there in the late 1980s. Between 1998 and 2004, he wrote, sang and produced the CD101.9 jingle, up to when they changed their smooth jazz format to "New York Chill" in 2004.

In 2004, he was hired by Tame Broadcasting as the Music Director at WJSJ (Jacksonville, Fl.)

In 2005, he helped to launch the first ever smooth jazz station in Bermuda (KJAZ - Trott Communications) from 2005 to 2006.

Baldwin then worked as the Music Director in 2007 at WCLK (Clark University), then later that fall at WJZZ, a Radio-One company. Radio-One's WJZZ became Urban AC “Magic 107.5” at 12:00am. It was here where he began to develop the radio format of NewUrbanJazz (tm).

In 2008, Baldwin started programming music at both WCLK and WJZZ, which he would later coin the programming sound as "NewUrbanJazz(tm)". He later founded the NewUrbanJazz Lounge, a weekly syndicated program supported by over fifty terrestrial stations in the US. He co-created the NewUrbanJazz Lounge cellphone app for Apple and Google, which also houses some archived radio shows as well.

The NewUrbanJazz(tm) radio program
In October 2008, Baldwin fused his musician and radio skills and launched NewUrbanJazz Radio, which programs The NewUrbanJazz Lounge, a 2-hour program that is affiliated throughout the US, beginning at WJAB (Huntsville, Al), WFSK (Nashville, Tn), WNAA (Greensboro, NC), WVAS (Montgomery, Al) and WVSU (Birmingham), who were their initial affiliate base. NewUrbanJazz is a fusion of contemporary Jazz, fused with Urban and Brazilian flavors, but also spins music from independent artists. Baldwin's decision to launch NewUrbanJazz Radio Format was based on the sudden closure of CD101.9., and his show has expanded to stations in Springfield (WEIB), Atlanta (WCLK), and the U.S. Virgin Islands (WTJX), as well as some stations under the African-American Public Radio Consortium umbrella.

Podcast content
In March, 2023, Bob Baldwin began the Jazz and Music Roundtable(tm), which showcases music in the music business from all genres.

In April, 2023, Bob Baldwin along with Porter Carroll, II began the Artists Who Love The Knicks, a platform that talks about one of the original NBA franchises, the NY Knicks.

Career spotlights
Between March and September 1986, Baldwin, along with New York-based guitarist Al Orlo, created the Bob Baldwin/Al Orlo Project, and they performed on Sundays at a club called the Crazy Horse, which was owned by now-actor Vinnie Pastore. The defunct club was a small rock and roll club (with a capacity of 50 people) located in New Rochelle, New York. The Baldwin/Orlo Project was a workshop-based project to practice and perform original material live, mostly written by Orlo and Baldwin.

Baldwin opened up for the aforementioned trumpeter Browne at The Bottom Line, based in New York City, NY. From that performance, he played alongside Browne in his band, and later collaborated with him on his disc No Longer I, a Gospel-Jazz recording in 1987. Through that production, he met Danny Weiss, the then President for Malaco Jazz. They later co-produced Baldwin's first disc, I've Got a Long Way to Go together on Malaco Records in 1988 along with David Wilkes. He began his Contemporary Jazz music career with his first solo album release in 1988 ("I've Got a Long Way To Go") on Malaco Jazz Records. The project was submitted to the Sony Innovators Award in 1989 and won first place. One of the top three finalists included the Detroit music group Straight Ahead. Roberta Flack was the finalist judge.

That award led to his artist signing to Atlantic Jazz, then presided by Sylvia Rhone. He produced 2 discs for in 1990 and 1992 (Rejoice and Reflections of Love). Reflections charted top-20 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Charts.

In 1997, Baldwin found the company, City Sketches, Inc., a production music house. It is now where Baldwin houses all of his self-owned recordings.

Since 2000, Baldwin has charted other solo recordings (on various labels) for the Billboard Jazz top-20 charts, including BobBaldwin.com (2000), Brazil Chill (2004), Standing Tall (2002), NewUrbanJazz.com (2008), Never Can Say Goodbye, a Tribute to Michael Jackson (2010).

After recording two projects with the Chicago-based A440 Music Group, his solely-owned record label, City Sketches, Inc., purchased the rights from the A440 Music Group ("Brazil Chill" and "All in a Day's Work"), prior to their bankruptcy filing in 2005.

In 2009, he signed with Trippin' n Rhythm Records and recorded "Never Can Say Goodbye" (2010), and "NewUrbanJazz 2/Re-Vibe" (2011). He severed the deal in 2012 due to unresolved contractual issues, and later that year, authored a book, entitled, You Better Ask Somebody, which speaks about his over twenty-five years of experience in the music business.

In 2013, continuing the independent music ownership route, releasing his 20th original disc "Twenty" under the Distribution 13 (Lillian Industries) Music Distribution label. That deal was severed and settled out-of-court after Artist filed a lawsuit for not receiving contractually due royalties.

In 2015, his label has signed with Red River Entertainment, where they distribute the following physical discs of the Baldwin catalog ("MelloWonder - Songs in the Key of Stevie", "The Brazilian-American Soundtrack", "The Gift of Christmas", "Never Can Say Goodbye (A Tribute to Michael Jackson)" - Remixed and ReMastered. City Sketches, Inc. distributes digital recordings via a separate digital aggregator. with The Orchard, which is wholly owned by Sony Music Entertainment, Inc.

In 2018, Baldwin was able to purchase the rights back from his Shanachie recordings ("Cool Breeze" and "The American Spirit").

Other work
In 1997, Baldwin founded City Sketches, Inc., which is a music production, and music event planning company. He has worked with city municipalities in an effort to improve locally produced jazz shows and venues. He has curated music series programs in conjunction with the cities/municipalities of Greenburgh, NY, White Plains, NY, Asbury Park, NJ, Riviera Beach, Fl., and Mount Vernon, NY.

In 2006, Baldwin signed on with Baldwin Piano (owned by Gibson Guitar Corp.) as an endorser.

In the historic The Jazz of the City Atlanta portrait taken by Art Kane in April 2007, Baldwin stands tall—at the height of the stairs of the Atlanta City Hall Atrium—with over 100 fellow jazz musicians surrounding Mayor Shirley Franklin.

Relationships
Baldwin reports that he has been engaged since January, 2023 to his long time love, who is of Ethiopian descent.

Discography (albums)

Billboard Top 30 Radio Singles (as musician, record producer or composer)

References

External links

 Photo session at Ford Piano, Peekskill, NY (Photo by Sacha Brezina, Augsburg Jazz Fest, Germany)

1960 births
Musicians from New York (state)
Living people


Krosfyah (pronounced "Crossfire") is a Soca band from the Caribbean island of Barbados. The group is best known for the hits "Road Jam", "Pump Me Up", and "Sak Passe".

History
Formed in 1989 from the earlier band Higher Level by Edwin Yearwood, Michael Agard, Felix Ford, and Anthony Bailey, Crossfire (as they were initially known) initially played covers and local folk songs on the Barbados tourist circuit of hotels and nightclubs.

In 1993 they took part in tour of the Caribbean sponsored by the Barbados Tourist Board, and around the same times as the band name spelling changed to Krosfyah, also moved to performing mainly original material. Debut single "Hot Tempo", was followed by the album Ultimate Party in 1994, the band going on to win the Barbados Band of the Year title.

The band's 1995 single "Pump Me Up" was successful in their home country, and in 1997 went gold in Canada.

In 1995 the band's second album Ultimate Party-Pump Me Up was released, going on to sell more than 50,000 copies, and Yearwood became the first artist to win all three of the Party Monarch, Road Monarch, and Calypso King titles at the Crop Over festival, also going on to win titles in later years, including five Party Monarch titles and 'Tune of the Crop' six times. The band's success across the Caribbean continued with the 1996 album Aim High and the single "Wet Me", and Fyah Riddims (1997).

Reigning World Soca Monarch Ray "Papi Chulo" Armstrong joined, and in 1998 they released Hot Zone and played in the US and Europe.

Yearwood also started releasing solo material in 2000.

In 2004 they 'banned' Liberty FM Radio's Tony "Admiral" Nelson from playing their music in response to what they perceived to be negative statements he made about Barbadian artists.

Krosfyah has gone on to become one of the best known and most successful Soca bands of the Caribbean. Their worldwide sales have topped 300,000.

Discography
Ultimate Party (1994), Kalinago
Ultimate Party-Pump Me Up (1995), Kalinago
Aim High (1996), Kalinago
Fyahside Christmas (1997), Crossfire
Fyah Riddims (1997), Kalinago
Krosfyah 97 EP (1997), Steel Donkey
Hot Zone (1998), VP
krosfyah.com (1999), Crossfire
Kool Under Fire (2001), Caribbean
Lock Down (2002), Crossfire
Enchanted (2003), Crossfire
Zero Tolerance (2004), Crossfire
Timeless (2005), Krosfyah Ventures
Everblazin (2006), Crossfire
Fire Proof (2007), Crossfire
The Experience (2012), Faluma
One On One (2012), Faluma
Kings of the Groove (2012), Faluma
The Journey (2012), Faluma

Compilations
The Best of Krosfyah (2000), Crossfire
The Best of Krosfyah, Vol.2 (2003), Crossfire
20th Anniversary Special Edition (2000), Crossfire

References

Barbadian musical groups
Soca musical groups
1989 establishments in Barbados


Technical Service Bulletins, or TSBs, document recommended procedures for repairing vehicles, issued by a vehicle manufacturer when there are several occurrences of an unanticipated problem. TSBs can range from vehicle-specific to covering entire product lines and break down the specified repair into a step-by-step process. While sometimes written by engineers employed by OEMs, the majority are authored by the first automotive technician to come up with a repair procedure. Because certain problems may have more than one cause and there is sometimes more than one way to fix a problem, there may be more than one TSB for the same problem.

A major difference between a product recall and a TSB in the automotive industry is that a recall usually evolves out of safety issues at the behest of an organization such as the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The ensuing recall maintenance/repair work is usually done at no charge to the car owner, regardless of the car's warranty status. However, dealers are usually not obliged to call in cars for which TSBs for repairs have been issued.  Nor is there a requirement to carry out the TSB repairs with no or reduced charges to the owner, since the manufacturer does not explicitly require the repair to be performed and does not reimburse the dealership for repairs. When the vehicle's manufacturer issues a recall, they require the dealership to perform the repair and will reimburse them for it.

Some benefits of an automotive TSB are that by widely circulating among dealership service departments and mechanics an engineering-level description and solution for a problem common to type, year, make or model of car, a well-managed TSB process can save technicians troubleshooting time; provide organized, itemized repair procedures; and standardize the repair process. This can also enhance the quality of the maintenance since it tends to be supported by repair history and high-level diagnostic procedure decisions.

NPR's Car Talk show duo, Tom Magliozzi and brother Ray Magliozzi (also known as "Click and Clack"), describe TSBs, saying, "They really just contain advice from the company to the mechanics who fix their cars," in this S.F. Chronicle article, "Technical Service Bulletins Explained."
But this Edmunds article, "How Can a Technical Service Bulletin Help Me?" states that if there is a TSB for your particular problem, and it's verifiable by the dealer, then the repair is free to cars within the warranty period.

References

External links
 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's TSB search page

Motor vehicle maintenance


Milea (, before 1926: Καρλάτ - Karlat; Macedonian and , Karladovo),  or Kırlat) is a village in the Exaplatanos municipal unit of the Pella regional unit of Macedonia, Greece. It has a population of 558; with the neighboring village Rizochori, the population is 1,001 (2011).

Milea had 787 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Milea was populated by a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek-Turkish population exchange, and Slavophones. The Macedonian language was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it. Turkish was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it.

References

Populated places in Pella (regional unit)
Almopia


Oakland Activities Association is a Southeast Michigan high school athletics conference. It is made up of 23 schools located largely throughout Oakland County, with a single member located in Wayne County

History
The Oakland Activities Association was first formed with schools from an amalgamation of different leagues. The G.O.A.L. (Greater Oakland Activities League), Metro Suburban Activities Association and the Southeastern Michigan Association (plus one independently associated school) were all merged in 1994 into the Oakland Activities Association, with the goal being to form a more geographically-centered league.

Charter members

After its first year, the OAA experienced rapid growth, with Pontiac Central from the Saginaw Valley Association and Oak Park from the Suburban Athletic League joining in 1995, and Auburn Hills Avondale, Clawson, Madsion Heights Lamphere, and Madison Heights Madison all coming to the OAA in 1996 after the disbandment of the Macomb-Oakland Athletic Conference.

The next major growth period did not occur until 2002, when Farmington, North Farmington, and Farmington Hills Harrison from the Western Lakes Activities Association as well as the newly built Stoney Creek High School in Rochester Hills all joined the OAA.

2002 also marked a period of decline for the OAA, beginning with Brandon High leaving to join the Flint Metro League that year, where it currently resides. Two years after that, in 2004, Madison and Lamphere left to join the Macomb Area Conference, while Clawson left to join the Metro Conference, and in 2008, Waterford Mott and Waterford Kettering left to join the Kensington Lakes Activities Association. However, in 2010, the OAA gained a new member in Oxford, who had come from the Flint Metro League. After that, the next school to leave the OAA for another conference did not come for another 11 years, when Hazel Park left to join the Macomb Area Conference in 2019.

However, the OAA has been beginning to fill these holes in their membership, extending an invitation to Ferndale University in 2020, who had been co-oping with Ferndale for football for years, and extending another invitation to their first non-Oakland County school in Harper Woods, who was previously an independent, in 2021.

There have also been a significant amount of closings and consolidations of various Oakland County schools in recent years, which also has not helped the OAA's membership. These aforementioned consolidations are Dondero High School closing and merging with Kimball High School to create Royal Oak High School in 2006, Pontiac Central High School closing and merging with Pontiac Northern High School to create Pontiac High School in 2009, Lahser High School closing and merging with Andover High School to create Bloomfield Hills High School in 2013, Southfield-Lathrup High School closing and merging with Southfield High School to create Southfield Senior High School for the Arts and Technology (commonly abbreviated to Southfield A&T) in 2016, and Harrison High School closing in 2019.

Member schools

Current members

*- Ferndale University is involved in a co-op agreement with Ferndale for football

Former members

Membership timeline

OAA Divisions
The members of the Oakland Activities Association is divided into divisions which vary by sport. Before 2007, these divisions were labeled after Roman Numerals, with there typically being three divisions, labeled I, II, III, and occasionally a fourth, labeled IV. Nowadays, though, these divisions are labeled after colors, with most sports typically having three divisions: red, white, and blue. However, some sports are only divided into the red or white divisions while some are divided into a fourth division, gold.

OAA Football Divisional Champions
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width=400px
|-
! colspan=4 | Division I (1994-2006)/Red Division (2007-) Champions
|-
! Year !! School !! Division !! Overall
|-
|1994 ||Troy || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|1995 ||Troy || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|9-2
|-
|1996 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|1997 ||Troy || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|1998 ||Lake OrionRochester AdamsTroy || align = "center"|4-14-14-1 || align = "center"|10-29-29-2
|-
|1999 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|4-1 || align = "center"|11-2
|-
|2000 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2001 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|6-0|| align = "center"|10-1
|-
|2002 ||Farmington Hills HarrisonLake OrionRochester Adams || align = "center"|6-16-16-1 || align = "center"|8-39-28-2
|-
|2003 ||Farmington Hills Harrison || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|11-2
|-
|2004 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2005 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2006 ||Lake Orion || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|2007 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|9-2
|-
|2008 ||Lake Orion || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|12-2
|-
|2009 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2010 ||Lake Orion || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|13-1
|-
|2011 ||ClarkstonLake Orion || align = "center"|6-16-1 || align = "center"|7-46-4
|-
|2012 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|11-1
|-
|2013 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|13-1
|-
|2014 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|14-0
|-
|2015 ||West Bloomfield || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|2016 ||ClarkstonSouthfield A&T || align = "center"|5-15-1 || align = "center"|9-38-4
|-
|2017 ||Rochester AdamsWest Bloomfield || align = "center"|6-16-1 || align = "center"|9-211-3
|-
|2018 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|5-1 || align = "center"|11-3
|-
|2019 ||West Bloomfield || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|10-2
|-
|2020 ||Clarkston || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|8-1
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width=400px
|-
! colspan=4 | Division II (1994-2006)/White Division (2007-) Champions
|-
! Year !! School !! Division !! Overall
|-
|1994 ||Lake Orion || align = "center"|4-0 || align = "center"|7-3
|-
|1995 ||Pontiac Central || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|10-2
|-
|1996 ||Berkley || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|1997 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|6-1 || align = "center"|10-2
|-
|1998 ||Waterford Kettering || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|7-2
|-
|1999 ||BerkleyWaterford Mott || align = "center"|5-15-1 || align = "center"|6-46-4
|-
|2000 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2001 ||Royal Oak Kimball || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-2
|-
|2002 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|6-1 || align = "center"|8-3
|-
|2003 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|6-1 || align = "center"|7-4
|-
|2004 ||Southfield || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|2005 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|7-1 || align = "center"|8-3
|-
|2006 ||Royal Oak || align = "center"|7-1|| align = "center"|8-3
|-
|2007 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|11-2
|-
|2008 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2009 ||Rochester Adams || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|8-3
|-
|2010 ||Farmington Hills Harrison || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|14-0
|-
|2011 ||Farmington Hills Harrison || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|2012 ||Oak Park || align = "center"|6-1 || align = "center"|9-3
|-
|2013 ||Southfield || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|7-3
|-
|2014 ||Farmington Hills HarrisonOak ParkSouthfield || align = "center"|6-16-16-1 || align = "center"|10-38-39-4
|-
|2015 ||Farmington Hills Harrison || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|7-3
|-
|2016 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|11-2
|-
|2017 ||Birmingham GrovesFarmington Hills HarrisonOak Park || align = "center"|6-16-16-1 || align = "center"|7-310-49-3
|-
|2018 ||Oak Park || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-2
|-
|2019 ||Oak Park || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2020 ||Stoney Creek || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|7-1
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width=400px
|-
! colspan=4 | Division III (1994-2006)/Blue Division (2007-) Champions
|-
! Year !! School !! Division !! Overall
|-
|1994 ||Royal Oak Kimball || align = "center"|4-0 || align = "center"|10-2
|-
|1995 ||Royal Oak Kimball || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|1996 ||Ferndale || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|1997 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|8-3
|-
|1998 ||Birmingham GrovesOrtonville BrandonPontiac Northern || align = "center"|5-15-15-1 || align = "center"|7-26-37-3
|-
|1999 ||Pontiac Northern || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-3
|-
|2000 ||Birmingham SeaholmOrtonville BrandonSouthfield  || align = "center"|5-15-15-1  || align = "center"|9-39-27-3
|-
|2001 ||Birmingham Seaholm|| align = "center"|6-0|| align = "center"|11-1
|-
|2002 ||FarmingtonNorth Farmington || align = "center"|5-15-1 || align = "center"|10-26-3
|-
|2003 ||Farmington || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2004 ||Auburn Hills AvondaleBloomfield Hills AndoverBloomfield Hills Lahser || align = "center"|8-18-18-1 || align = "center"|8-210-29-2
|-
|2005 ||Bloomfield Hills Lahser || align = "center"|9-0 || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2006 ||Rochester Hills Stoney Creek || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2007 ||Rochester Hills Stoney CreekWaterford Mott || align = "center"|7-17-1 || align = "center"|8-27-3
|-
|2008 ||Bloomfield Hills Lahser || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|11-2
|-
|2009 ||Hazel ParkPontiac || align = "center"|6-16-1 || align = "center"|8-37-3
|-
|2010 ||Hazel Park || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2011 ||Birmingham GrovesNorth Farmington || align = "center"|6-26-2 || align = "center"|6-47-3
|-
|2012 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|8-0 || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|2013 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|7-0  || align = "center"|9-2
|-
|2014 ||Farmington || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|7-3
|-
|2015 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|7-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|2016 ||Bloomfield Hills || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|2017 ||Auburn Hills AvondaleFerndaleHazel Park || align = "center|5-15-15-1 || align = "center"|6-48-26-4
|-
|2018 ||Birmingham Seaholm || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|7-3
|-
|2019 ||North Farmington || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|2020 ||Rochester || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|6-1
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width=400px
|-
! colspan=4 | Division IV Champions
|-
! Year !! School !! Division !! Overall
|-
|1994 ||Birmingham Groves || align = "center"|4-0 || align = "center"|5-4
|-
|1995 ||Hazel Park  || align = "center"|5-0 || align = "center"|7-2
|-
|1996 ||Ortonville Brandon  || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|9-1
|-
|1997 ||Ortonville Brandon  || align = "center"|6-0 || align = "center"|10-1
|-
|1998 ||Oak Park  || align = "center"|7-0  || align = "center"|8-2
|-
|1999 ||Clawson  || align = "center"|6-1 || align = "center"|7-4
|-
|2000 ||Bloomfield Hills Andover  || align = "center"|6-0  || align = "center"|6-4
|-
|2001 ||Auburn Hills AvondaleBloomfield Hills Andover  || align = "center"|5-15-1  || align = "center"|5-47-3
|-
|2002 ||Bloomfield Hills Lahser  || align = "center"|7-0  || align = "center"|12-1
|-
|2003 ||Bloomfield Hills Lahser  || align = "center"|7-0  || align = "center"|9-2
|}

References

External links
 Oakland Activities Association Official Website
 Oakland Activities Association at League Lineup
 MHSAA 2018-19 Enrollment https://www.mhsaa.com/portals/0/documents/AD%20Forms/1819enroll.pdf
 Michigan High School Football

Michigan high school sports conferences


Viola Township may refer to:

Illinois
 Viola Township, Lee County, Illinois

Iowa
 Viola Township, Audubon County, Iowa
 Viola Township, Osceola County, Iowa
 Viola Township, Sac County, Iowa

Kansas
 Viola Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas

Minnesota
 Viola Township, Olmsted County, Minnesota

South Dakota
 Viola Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota, in Jerauld County, South Dakota

See also
Viola (disambiguation)

Township name disambiguation pages


Lasha Malaghuradze (born June 2, 1986, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian rugby union player. His usual position is fly-half.

He played for Qochebi Tbilisi, where he won 2007 Georgia Championship, before moving to AS Béziers Hérault (2008/09-2010/11). He also played for Stade Bagnérais (2012/13-2015/16), before moving to Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk, in Russia, where he plays since 2016/17.

After playing for Georgia Under-21 team, he made his debut for Georgia in 2008 against Portugal. He has 90 caps for Georgia, since 2008, with 5 tries, 37 conversions, 25 penalties and 3 drop goals scored, 183 points on aggregate.

References

External links
Lasha Malaghuradze International Statistics

1986 births
Rugby union players from Georgia (country)
Living people
Rugby union players from Tbilisi
Expatriate rugby union players from Georgia (country)
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in France
Georgia international rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves
AS Béziers Hérault players
VVA Podmoskovye players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players
2019 Rugby World Cup players


Willow Township may refer to:

Arkansas
 Willow Township, Dallas County, Arkansas, in Dallas County, Arkansas

Iowa
 Willow Township, Cherokee County, Iowa
 Willow Township, Crawford County, Iowa
 Willow Township, Greene County, Iowa
 Willow Township, Monona County, Iowa
 Willow Township, Woodbury County, Iowa

Nebraska
 Willow Township, Antelope County, Nebraska

North Dakota
 Willow Township, Griggs County, North Dakota, in Griggs County, North Dakota

Oklahoma
 Willow Township, Caddo County, Oklahoma
 Willow Township, Greer County, Oklahoma

Wisconsin

 Willow, Wisconsin

See also

Willow (disambiguation)

Township name disambiguation pages


Paca Thomas is the owner of pacaworks.com, a multi-media production company. He can also be heard weekly as Bernie Taupin's sidekick/producer on Bernie Taupin's American Roots Radio on SiriusXM's The Loft. He is the son of Philadelphia DJ George Thomas.

He won five Emmy awards in sound design for TV animation, plus over a dozen nominations for MPSE Golden Reel Awards while working with Disney, Universal Studios, Sony and DreamWorks among others. Prior to pacaworks, Paca was also the co-creator and partner in VidLit.com, a pioneer in web multi-media production.

With degrees in theatre and music, Paca began his career as an actor and has alternately made his way as a singer, composer, lyricist, music producer, sound designer, graphic artist, flash animator and web designer.

Pronounced "Pay-ka", the name Paca is a Welsh surname.

He is married to Sheri Anderson, talent manager and author of the fiction novel series Salem's Secrets, Scandals and Lies based on NBC's long-running soap opera Days of our Lives.

External links

Living people
Daytime Emmy Award winners
American sound designers
American animators
Computer animation people
Flash artists
Year of birth missing (living people)


Des Moines Township may refer to:

Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Boone County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Dallas County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Jasper County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Jefferson County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Lee County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Pocahontas County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Polk County, Iowa
 Des Moines Township, Van Buren County, Iowa

Minnesota
 Des Moines Township, Minnesota

Missouri
 Des Moines Township, Clark County, Missouri

Township name disambiguation pages


Heinrich "Hein Daddel" Dahlinger (30 October 1922 – 2 February 2008) was a German world-class  field handball and team handball player and entrepreneur of a wood sale company. With his winning of the Nordic Folkboat Gold Cup on his boat the Daddel in 1963 he was the unofficial champion of Nordic Folkboat.

Dahlinger was the first THW Kiel player to score more than 100 goals on the German national team. He played 38 national team matches in total and scored more than 110 goals. With the German team he was world champion in field handball in 1952 and 1955.

Dahlinger was born in Kiel. He died of kidney failure in Rendsburg.

External links
Obituary
Statistics

1922 births
2008 deaths
German male handball players
Sportspeople from Kiel
People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein
Deaths from kidney failure
Nordic Folkboat class sailors


A Cup of Coffee is a play written by Preston Sturges in 1931. It was first performed on March 25, 1988, by the Soho Repertory Theatre at the Greenwich House Theatre in New York City. The play had previously been adapted by Sturges for the film Christmas in July in 1940.

The play was produced as part of a retrospective of lost American plays. It was directed by Larry Carpenter and starred Michael Heintzman and Ellen Mareneck.

Plot

Act I
The story takes place during a warm season in 1931 at the Baxter Coffee Warehouse in New York City. James Ogden MacDonald is a new salesman earning $25 a week. In order to win the $25,000 prize along with a 2-year sales contract to Maxford House Coffee, MacDonald submits a slogan to Maxford House's slogan contest. Just as he is being fired by J. Bloodgood Baxter because he had brought a phonograph to work, a letter arrives informing him that he has won the prize.

Act II
The Baxters and Whortleberry discuss their plans for rehiring Jimmy while he and Tulip are out to lunch. Jimmy enters with the flash of photographers. J. Bloodgood Baxter convinces Jimmy to drop the 2-year sales contract to Maxford House in exchange for a promotion to sales promotion manager and a raise to $5,000 a year. Jimmy begins sharing some of his ideas with his bosses and they show their approval at his seemingly ridiculous ideas. When they all leave, Tulip stays behind with Jimmy. Jimmy proposes to Tulip and she accepts. Mr. Rasmussen from the Maxford House Company enters and Tulip gets ushered out. He tells Jimmy how, by having so many entrees, it is possible to make a little error, and that it was another by the same name who won.

Act III
J. Bloodgood Baxter confronts Jimmy about signing the contract for sales promotion manager. Jimmy shows his discomfort, and finally lets it out that he didn't win the contest. The offer is retracted. Jimmy gives each of them a present he had bought when he thought he was rich. Tulip convinces Mr. Ephraim Baxter, the company founder, to exercise his power, and gets Jimmy the contract he was promised. Mr. Rasmussen enters again and declares that it was Jimmy who had won the Maxford House slogan contest.

Critical response
Writing in The New York Times, theater critic Mel Gussow called the play superior to the film adaptation, Gussow said that the play had an "embracing innocence" compared to the movie, and said: "By the time the story reached the screen, it was coated with cynicism, as the author added opportunistic characters and tried to turn an office comedy into a broader social commentary."

Notes

References
 Sturges, Preston. A Cup of Coffee. 1989. Samuel French, Inc.

External links
 Official Preston Sturges Website dead link

1931 plays
American plays adapted into films
Plays by Preston Sturges


Lewis Watkins may refer to:

Lewis G. Watkins, U.S. Marine
Lewis Watkins (MP)


Ludovic Pollet (born 18 June 1970) is a French former footballer who played as a defender. He worked most recently as a coach at AS Cannes.

Playing career
Born in Vieux-Condé, Pollet began his career as a trainee at AS Cannes, breaking into the first team in 1991. He made nine appearances in his debut season as the club were relegated from Ligue 1. He made sporadic appearances over the next two seasons as the club regained its top flight status. Pollet really established himself during the 1994–95 season, where he also scored his first professional goal.

He was signed by Ligue 2 side Le Havre in Summer 1995 and he became a first choice player as the club won promotion. He played three seasons in France's top division with the club before being loaned out to English First Division side Wolverhampton Wanderers in September 1999.

Pollet made his Wolves debut on 11 September 1999 in a 0–1 defeat to Huddersfield Town. After impressing over six loan games, he was signed permanently for £350,000 in October 1999. He became a first choice player in Colin Lee's side and his performances saw him become a fan favourite as he was voted Player of the Season.

He remained a first choice player during the 2000–01 campaign, but the following summer saw new manager Dave Jones reshape the squad, relegating Pollet to the substitutes bench. He managed only ten further league outings for the club over the next two seasons, although gaining some playing time on loan at lower league Walsall. He was eventually released by Wolves in June 2003, days after they gained promotion to the Premier League.

Pollet then returned to his native France with USL Dunkerque where he played three further season before retiring and becoming an assistant coach for the club.

External links

1970 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
French football managers
French men's footballers
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
English Football League players
AS Cannes players
Le Havre AC players
USL Dunkerque players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
AS Cannes managers
USL Dunkerque managers


Milea (, ), known as Vourmpa () until 1957, is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Sarantaporo, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 397 inhabitants in the village. The community of Milea covers an area of 12.628 km2.

Economy
The population of Milea is occupied in winery and agriculture.

Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Milea was 397 people, a decrease of almost 14% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.

See also
 List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit

References

Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)
Elassona


Lunahuaná is a district in the middle Cañete Province in Peru. It is bordered by Imperial District on the west, San Vicente de Cañete District on the north,  Pacarán District on the east, and Chincha Province on the south.

See also
 Inka Wasi

External links
  Municipalidad Distrital de Lunahuaná
  Lunahuaná Tour


The President of the Associação Brasileira de Estatística is the highest officer of the Associação Brasileira de Estatística (ABE).

List of presidents

20th Century
 1984-1986 Djalma Galvão Carneiro Pessoa
 1986-1988 Wilton de Oliveira Bussab
 1988-1990 Carlos Alberto B. Pereira
 1990-1992 Ruben Klein
 1992-1994 Clóvis de A. Peres
 1994-1996 Pedro Alberto Morettin
 1996-1998 Heleno Bolfarine
 1998-2000 Hélio S. Migon

21st Century
 2000-2002 Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro
 2002-2004 Clélia M. C. Toloi
 2004-2006 Lúcia Pereira Barroso
 2006-2008 Wilton de Oliveira Bussab
 2008-2010 Silvia R. C. Loopes
 2010-2012 Luiz Koodi Hotta

See also
President of the American Statistical Association
President of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
President of the Royal Statistical Society
President of the Statistical Society of Canada

External links
Photo gallery of the presidents

Lists of presidents of organizations
Presidents of statistical organizations
Presidents


An usher is a person who welcomes and shows people where to sit, especially at a church, theatre or when attending a wedding.

History
The word comes from the Latin ostiarius ("porter", "doorman") through Norman French, and is a cognate of the French huissier.

Ushers were servants or courtiers who showed or ushered visitors in and out of meetings in large houses or palaces.

In the United Kingdom, a variety of titles for courtiers in the Royal Household include the word usher. In England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, from the early sixteenth century until at least the end of the nineteenth century, the term denoted an assistant to a schoolmaster or head-teacher; an under-master, assistant-master. In such use, however, the term is now rare.

Duties

Ushers assist visitors by formally showing the way in a large building or to their appropriate seats. This may coincide with a security role.

At weddings, friends of the groom and bride may be recruited to direct guests at the ceremony, and generally be available for assistance.

In churches at the beginning of service, ushers welcome, greet and assist people to their desired or available pews. Ushers operate as Security and maintain order. Additional duties include collecting of the offertory and Communion escort if the ushers belong to a Ministry within the church.

Ushers help those in attendance at entertainment and sporting events in theatres and stadiums. Duties include checking tickets, directing people to their assigned seats, distributing programmes, answering questions and assisting people in finding restrooms and refreshments.

According to the United States Department of Labor, ushers, lobby attendants and ticket takers earn an average wage of $8.41 an hour and $17,500 a year. Approximately 102,000 are employed in this line of work. Most of these workers are employed by the motion picture and video industries, secondly they work in the performing arts and sporting events venues.

Other jobs also come under the name 'Usher', such as baseball field personnel. A field usher coordinates not only the baseball diamond grounds but also the stadium itself.

Ushers are also expected to help with security and to ensure that only people with proper authority have access to backstage areas. Ushers also monitor the crowds and can summon security when needed.

In cinemas and theaters, it was common for ushers to check tickets and show people to their seats to watch the film being shown. If actually during the film, when lights were dimmed, the usher would shine a torch to light the row of seating in question.

Special types of ushers

Court usher
A court usher is a position in a law court. Tasks generally performed by court ushers involve escorting participants to the courtroom, and seeing that they are suitably hydrated, as well as ensuring the secure transaction of legal documents within the courtroom and deciding the order of cases. The roles of an usher may vary with the type of court they serve. In Scottish courts the position is called "court officer" or "bar officer" or, for the higher courts, the "macer".

See also

 Church usher
 The Flick, play about movie ushers
 White House Chief Usher

References

Theatrical occupations


Richard Frank Moat (born 8 September 1954) is the Chairman of Vantiva SA.

Early life
He went to King Edward VI Grammar School in Nuneaton. He has an MA Honours degree in Law from St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He is a Fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, and has a Diploma in Corporate Finance and Accounting from the London Business School.

Career
Moat worked in the Lloyd’s insurance market from 1977 to 1978, and as an analyst at Sedgwick from 1979 to 1980. From 1980 to 1992, Moat worked at the USX/Marathon Group. From 1992 to 1998, he was corporate finance director at Orange plc. From 1998 to 2000, he was the international group director of finance at Orange. From 2000 to 2002, he was the chief executive of Orange Thailand. He was then chief executive of Orange Denmark A/S from 2002 to 2004. In 2004, he became chief executive of Orange Romania.

In 2009, he became the Managing Director of T-Mobile UK Ltd.

In 2010, he became Deputy Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer of Everything Everywhere Ltd, the leading mobile operator in the UK.

In August 2012, he was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Eir (telecommunications). In November 2014, he became the Chief Executive Officer Eir and served in this role until April 2018. From April 2018 to April 2021 he was a Non Executive Director of Eir.

In 2019, Moat was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Technicolor SA following the resignation of Frederic Rose.

In September 2022, Technicolor Creative Studios SA was spun off from Technicolor SA to create a separate public limited company. The remaining Technicolor SA business was renamed Vantiva SA. Moat stood down as CEO, and has become Chairman of Vantiva SA.

From July 2012 to April 2021, Moat was a non executive director of International Personal Finance plc, becoming Senior Independent Director and Chair of the Audit Committee.

Personal life
Richard is married to Mary. They each have two children from former marriages.

References

External links

Living people
Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Alumni of London Business School
British technology chief executives
British telecommunications industry businesspeople
Chief financial officers
Deutsche Telekom
English chief executives
Orange S.A.
People from Nuneaton
1954 births


Rozin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Danny Rozin (born 1961), Israeli-American artist
 Paul Rozin (born 1936), American psychology professor at the University of Pennsylvania
 Špela Rozin  (born 1943), Slovenian actress
 Yehoshua Rozin (1918–2002), Israeli basketball coach