The Magicians is a short novel by J. B. Priestley, first published in 1954. An example of Priestley's perennial concern with the true nature of time, the story uses fantasy elements to discuss the midlife crisis of a successful industrialist, briefly touching on social problems and mass psychology.

Plot introduction

Sir Charles Ravenstreet, finding himself unexpectedly dropped from his position as managing director of the New Central Electric Company, retires to his country house to consider his future. He makes the acquaintance of three strange old gentlemen, Wayland, Perperek and Marot, who take an interest in his life and in his recent dealings with the imperious Lord Mervil, who plans to market a new drug.

Plot summary

Chapters 1–6

The main character, Sir Charles Ravenstreet, is an industrialist in his mid-fifties, the managing director of the Birmingham-based New Central Electric Company. At a meeting of the Board in London, he finds himself unexpectedly voted out of his position. He turns down an offer to be named Production Manager instead, and later rebuffs the chairman's suggestion that he enter politics. Later that evening, at a dinner party at Mr Garson's house, he is introduced to Mavis Westfret, a youngish widow.

He sells his stock for £200,000 and begins to frequent fashionable restaurants and clubs, but they bore him, and he starts going out with Mavis. After a sexual encounter, she bursts into a sobbing confession of her dissatisfaction with her life, both past and present. The next evening he goes, on the suggestion of an acquaintance named Karney and his friend Prisk, to meet the newspaper tycoon Lord Mervil, who has a new business proposition for him. The proposition concerns a new drug called Sepman Eighteen, which produces a mild euphoria. Initially suspicious, Ravenstreet tries a sample back at his club bedroom, and it makes him so cheerful that he telephones at once to ask for another meeting.

The week after, Ravenstreet is driving to his country house, Broxley Manor, when he sees the crash of a jet fighter a few miles ahead. An inn called The White Horse has been destroyed; the only survivors are a barman named Perkins, and three elderly male guests: Wayland, Perperek and Marot. The three men strike him as harmless cranks, and Ravenstreet suggests that they stay with him at his house.

On their arrival, Perperek goes straight to the kitchen, waves away Ravenstreet's housekeepers, and starts making goulash for dinner. While he prepares it he perplexes his host by claiming that he and his friends knew in advance that the jet would crash, but that no-one would listen to them. At dinner the three men assert that they are magicians, and although Ravenstreet will not discuss his recent meeting with the tycoon, he is sufficiently intrigued by their manner that he allows Marot to "show him his past."

He finds himself reliving, in full, an afternoon from September 1926, when he was on holiday with his girlfriend at a cottage on Pelrock Bay. The day is a turning-point in his life, as it is the day on which he received a letter calling him back to work early, finally prompting him to break with Philippa to marry the boss's daughter Maureen. Philippa realises what is happening, but Ravenstreet is resolutely dishonest, and his future self finds the experience a torment, particularly as the decision turned out to be a poor one.

Ravenstreet approaches the trio the next morning, and, still somewhat sceptical, asks for more information. They are reluctant to talk in detail, but say that superhuman forces are battling for control of humanity's destiny, and they succeed in persuading Ravenstreet to reveal that his dealings with Lord Mervil concern a new drug. Prisk telephones, wanting him to meet Ernest Sepman, the inventor, at his home. The magicians ask Ravenstreet to hold the next meeting at Broxley Manor so that they can inspect Lord Mervil and his associates. Ravenstreet drives to Cheshire and finds Sepman to be a bitter, cynical and greedy man who idolises his serially unfaithful wife Nancy, even while she boldly flirts with Prisk. Ravenstreet manages with difficulty to arrange a meeting at Broxley Manor.

Chapters 7–12
At first, Karney and Lord Mervil are furious at finding other guests in the house, but soon accept the magicians as harmless cranks, and during dinner they find themselves speaking with unusual frankness about their views. Lord Mervil asserts the necessity of a hidden elite in every society and Sepman loudly denounces him, in an outburst which causes his wife to run from the room with Prisk in tow.

After dinner, the situation spirals out of Ravenstreet's control. Perperek announces that he has seen Karney somewhere before—in 1921, in a police station in Constantinople, charged with smuggling. The revelation causes the ultra-respectable Karney to flee in irrational panic. Lord Mervil demands to know who the three strangers really are; Wayland humiliates him and somehow prompts a decompensation which ends in his fainting. When Prisk returns with Nancy, Sepman rounds on her and forces her to admit her unfaithfulness, and they both leave at once in Sepman's car.

Ravenstreet pursues in his Rolls, accompanied by Perperek, but he is too late: the Sepmans are dead, having driven at high speed into a quarry. The entire night is spent talking to police. When they return, Wayland gives the exhausted Ravenstreet another vision, of the happiest morning of his life, in the summer of 1910. When he wakes up, he finds that Lord Mervil and his associates have left, and that he has been called to the Birmingham factory to help with a technical difficulty. He talks to the foreman, Tom Hurdlow, and surprises him by agreeing to finance his son's new business. When he returns home he finds that he and Perperek have been ordered to an inquest on the Sepmans' deaths.

The inquest, presided over by a self-important coroner named T. Brigden Coss, descends into farce when Perperek is called as a witness. Perperek is charged with contempt of court, and taken to the police station. When the inquest is over, Ravenstreet hurries to the station with Inspector Triffett, where they find all the policemen aphasic and Perperek missing. All three magicians have left Broxley Manor, leaving only a cryptic note from Wayland.

Not long afterwards, Ravenstreet is called to Purchester Cottage Hospital on the request of a Mrs Slade, who turns out to be the betrayed Philippa, now on the point of death. Wayland's letter gains meaning when Philippa informs him that one of her sons is also his, and that the two children he saw in the waiting room are his grandchildren.

Characters

 Sir Charles Ravenstreet
 The Magicians
 Wayland, an English civil engineer
 Nicholas Perperek, a Bulgarian trader
 Marot, an optician from Bordeaux
 People involved with "Sepman Eighteen"
 Lord Mervil, a newspaper tycoon
 Sir Edwin Karney, from the Fulbridge Committee
 Major Philip Prisk
 Ernest Sepman, a chemist, and his wife Nancy
 The New Central Electric Company
 George Hathon, the chairman (ch.1,12)
 Mr. Selby, new managing director (ch.1)
 Mr. Torr, new Deputy Director (ch.1)
 Mr. Garson, Sales Manager, and his wife Peggy (ch.1)
 Philip Treves, and his wife Anne (ch.1)
 Mrs. Mavis Westfret, a widowed cousin of Anne Treves (ch.1,2)
 Miss Latham, Ravenstreet's secretary (ch.1)
 Tom Hurdlow, the old foreman, and his son Dick (ch.11)
 T. Brigden Coss, a self-important coroner (ch.11)
 Inspector Triffett, Sergeant Parks and Constable Dawe (ch.9,11)
 The Wiversons, Ravenstreet's housekeepers (ch.3,11)
 Mr. Bury, Ravenstreet's gardener (ch.3)
 Dr. Murdock and Matron, at Purchester Cottage Hospital (ch.12)
 Bryan Slade, his wife Deborah, and children Patience and Rufus (ch.12)
 People from the past
 Ravenstreet's parents (ch.10)
 Edith Metson, a girl he once loved, and her uncle Bob (ch.10)
 Frank Crewe, his dead father-in-law
 Maureen Crewe, his dead wife
 Philippa Slade née Storer, his former lover (ch.4,12)

Reception

Anthony Boucher received the novel favourably, comparing it to the "spiritual fantasies" of Charles Williams and describing it as "a strange story, with strong allegorical overtones, told in a readably down-to-earth way."

References

1954 British novels
Novels by J. B. Priestley
Heinemann (publisher) books
British philosophical novels


Teatro Margherita is a former theatre in the city of Bari, Apulia on the east coast of Italy. Its predecessor, a wooden structure called Varietà Margherita opened on September 5, 1910. From 1912–1914, a new theatre was erected by architect Francesco De Giglio. It opened in 1914.

The Teatro Margherita was used as a theatre and cinema until 1979. It is used as a museum now.

References

1910 establishments in Italy
Buildings and structures in Bari
Margherita
Margherita
Theatres completed in 1914


Gunnar Seidenfaden (1908 – February 9, 2001) was a Danish diplomat and botanist. He was Danish ambassador in Thailand 1955–1959, and in the U.S.S.R. 1959–1961. He was an expert on Southeast Asia Orchidaceae. He published several multi-volume works on orchids, e.g. The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List (with T. Smitinand) and Orchid Genera in Thailand vol. I- XIV. These works are strictly taxonomic and floristic, but decorated with Seidenfaden's own drawings of flower parts as seen under the dissection microscope. His collection of more than 10,000 specimens was donated to the University of Copenhagen, together with original drawings by Katja Anker and others.

In June 2016, it was decided that the collection of orchid samples, which was held in the Danish capital botanical garden Botanisk Have, part of the natural history museum Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, would be returned to Thailand. The reason given was that many of the specimens have become quite rare and the aim is to multiply as many species as possible in sufficient scale so that young plants can be returned to their country of origin. To begin with, a first shipment of cultures of seven rare species to Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in Chiang Mai was initiated.

Biography
Gunnar Seidenfaden studied botany in the faculty of biological sciences at the University of Copenhagen 1926–1934. He was soon involved in botanical investigations in Greenland. From 1928, he spend six summers in Greenland, partly as a manager of Lauge Koch’s Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. In A Geological Expedition to East Greenland 1931-1932, which was to involve four summers and three winters there, Curt Teichert, writes that Seidenfaden, though officially "in charge of equipment" was in fact, unofficial second-in-command and it was he who took charge of everybody and everything necessary for the running of the expedition. The first trip of the Three-year Expedition sailed with the Royal Greenland Trading Department vessels Gustav Holm, named after the homonymous officer and explorer, and the Godthaab, a 287 tons displacement ship, built after a plan designed by Fridtjof Nansen, and including seaplanes borrowed from the Danish Navy. During the expedition, Eigil Nielsen, a vertebrate palaeontologist, studying the Upper Permian beds of Cape Stosch, in the fjord of Godthab Gulf in King Christian X Land, stumbled upon the first fossils of specimens of the taxon Fadenia, which he named after Seidenfaden. In 1938, Seidenfaden also joined an expedition to Spitsbergen. Unfortunately, he failed his master exam (magisterkonferens) in botany and turned to studies of economy and political science; graduating as Cand.polit. in 1940. He then joined the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

During WW2, Gunnar Seidenfaden became a helpful source of information to the Danish resistance organisations and in particular its illegal news sheet Information. This because, first as a staff member of the Foreign ministry, and then from Sept. 1944 when he took charge of its press bureau’s newsletter (Udenrigsministeriets Pressebureaus Situationsmelding) - which gathered most of the news which were censured by  German officials and was never printed in any of the national or even provincial press – he was able to almost “institutionalize” the co-operation between the ministry and Information. Some 184 issues of the newsletter were produced in all until the end of the war, and one copy made its way to Stockholm every day on the daily German courier plane from Copenhagen, picked by insiders at Stockholm's Bromma airport and delivered to Dansk Presse Tjeneste, the illegal news bureau in which Gunnar's brother Erik Seidenfaden worked. In this way, censored domestic news from Denmark was brought on air by the BBC and broadcast back to Denmark.

After the war, he was dispatched as economic attaché at the Danish embassy in Washington, D.C. until 1950. After returning to Copenhagen for five years, he was stationed in Bangkok, Thailand, from where he acted as ambassador to Manila (Philippines) from 1955, Rangoon (Burma) and Phnom Penh (Cambodia) in 1956 as well as to Vientiane (Laos) in 1957. After his ambassador years, he returned to head the juridical office of the ministry until 1967. He continued to take assignments as Danish envoy at international conferences on environmental matters, e.g. CITES (1973), Helsinki Convention (1979), and the Bern Convention (1979).

In 1938, he won a Scandinavian contest for the best popular science book with “Modern Arctic Exploration”. During his time in Thailand, he initiated a long-standing cooperation with the Royal Thai Forest Department, with which he arranged a number of collecting expeditions until the mid-1980s. In 1951 he was awarded the knighthood of the Order of the Dannebrog, and in 1957 he was given the same of the 1st degree. In 1964 he was made Commander of Dannebrog, of the 1st degree in 1974, and also Commander of the Dutch Order of Oranien-Nassau (Huisorde van Oranje).

Personal life
He was the son of district attorney and Copenhagen's chief constable Aage Valdemar Seidenfaden (1877–1966) and Anna Elise Reenberg Teilman Harck (1887–1928). He married Alix Emilie (Lulu) Arnstedt (1914-1993), daughter of ambassador Niels Peder Arnstedt (1882-1954) and Johanne Larsen (1889-1974) and had five children. He was the brother of the journalist and editor Erik Seidenfaden (1910-1990). He was the nephew of Major Erik Seidenfaden (1881–1958), Danish ethnologist and anthropologist who specialized in Thai culture.

He described at least 120 new species. The Orchid genera Seidenfadenia Garay, Seidenfadeniella C.S.Kumar, Seidenfia Szlach., Gunnarella Senghas, Gunnarorchis Brieger have been named to his honour, as was Fadenia, a genus of extinct Permian sharks, including the subtaxa Fadenia crenulata (E. Nielsen, 1932), Fadenia gigas (Eaton 1962) and Fadenia uroclasmata (Mutter and Nueman 2008).

The Royal Danish Navy operates the 1.660 tons environmental vessel A561 Gunnar Seidenfaden, the second of the two such ships, which was named after him as a botanist. Organizationally, Gunnar Seidenfaden belongs to division 17 (2nd environmental division) in the 1st squadron. Built by Ørskov Christensen Stålskibsværft A/S, Frederikshavn, it was launched in 1981, and before 1996 belonged to the Ministry of the Environment. On 1 January 1996, the ship was transferred to the Royal Danish Navy. The vessel, which is painted in orange-red and cream colors to indicate their civilian purpose, has been on many occasions been deployed to fight oil pollution in Danish waters and also abroad, such as in 2002, when it participated in the clean-up after the sinking of the tanker Prestige off the northwest coast of Spain.

References

Other sources
 K. S. Manilal, C. Sathish Kumar   (2004) Orchid Memories A Tribute to Gunnar Seidenfaden (Mentor Books for Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy)
Erik Lund  (2016)   Fire millioner frie ord - Det illegale nyhedsbureau »INFORMATION« august 1943 – maj 1945 (Institut for Presseforskning og Samtidshistorie)

External links
Gunnar Seidenfaden and his heritage: developments in the diversity and organisation of Thai orchids studies by Henrik Æ. Pedersen, Santi Watthana, Kanok-Orn Srimuang

1908 births
2001 deaths
Botanists active in the Arctic
Botanists active in South Asia
20th-century Danish diplomats
Danish diplomats
Ambassadors of Denmark to Thailand
University of Copenhagen alumni
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Recipients of the Order of Orange-Nassau


André Guesdon (14 October 1948 – 14 September 2020) was a French professional football defender.

He was part of SC Bastia team that reached 1978 UEFA Cup Final.

Guesdon died on 14 September 2020, aged 71.

References

External links

 Profile
 Profile

1948 births
2020 deaths
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Stade Malherbe Caen players
AS Monaco FC players
SC Bastia players
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
OGC Nice players
Ligue 1 players
French football managers
Angers SCO managers
Stade Brestois 29 managers


Suzy () is a former commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Cessières-Suzy.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Former communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Saint-Julien (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Julien are called julianais in French.

See also
 Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Saint-Juvat (; ; Gallo: Saent-Juvat) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Juvat are called juvatiens in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Teatro Piccinni is a theatre in the city of Bari, Apulia on the east coast of Italy. It was founded in 1854 and opened on 30 May of that year. It was named in honor of eighteenth-century composer Niccolò Piccinni who was born in Bari.

References

Theatres completed in 1854
Theatres in Apulia
1854 establishments in Italy
Buildings and structures in Bari
19th-century architecture in Italy


James McGuire (1911  – November 26, 1974) was a two time president of the United States Soccer Football Association. He played professionally in the American Soccer League and the English Football League. He also earned two schoolboy caps with Scotland and was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1951.

Playing
McGuire was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and raised in Scotland where he played twice for the national team as a schoolboy. At some point, he moved to the United States. In 1929, he signed with the Brooklyn Wanderers of the American Soccer League. In 1931, Celtic toured North America, playing the Wanderers on June 7, 1931. McGuire impressed them enough for them to sign him before returning to Scotland. McGuire never appeared for their first team and in 1932, he moved to Northampton Town of the English Football League. McGuire played with Northampton Town until 1936. According to the National Soccer Hall of Fame, McGuire would return to play in the U.S. during the English off-season. When he left Northampton in 1936, McGuire returned to the U.S. for good, signing with Brooklyn St. Mary's Celtic of the second American Soccer League. In 1938, Brooklyn went to the final of the National Challenge Cup, but lost to Chicago Sparta. The next year, they defeated Chicago Manhattan Beer to win the Challenge Cup title. McGuire retired from playing professionally that summer.

Administration
Following his retirement from playing, McGuire became an administrator. In 1947, he became the president of the American Soccer League. He also served as president of the United States Soccer Football Association (1952–1954 and 1971–1974). In 1974, he was part of the Organizing Committee for the 1974 FIFA World Cup. He died that year, while still president of the USSF.

McGuire was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1951. In 1975, the national U-19 cup was named the McGuire Cup in his honor. He died in Hyde Park, New York.

References

External links
 National Soccer Hall of Fame profile

1911 births
1974 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish emigrants to the United States
American men's soccer players
American Soccer League (1921–1933) players
Brooklyn Wanderers (1922–1931) players
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Brooklyn St. Mary's Celtic players
Celtic F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
National Soccer Hall of Fame members
Presidents of the United States Soccer Federation
Footballers from Edinburgh
People from New Hyde Park, New York
Soccer players from Nassau County, New York
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Scottish expatriate men's footballers


Vadencourt may refer to the following places in France:

 Vadencourt, Aisne, a commune in the department of Aisne
 Vadencourt, Somme, a commune in the department of Somme


Vadencourt () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saint-Launeuc (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Geography
The river Meu forms the commune's southern border. The Rance forms the commune's northern border.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Launeuc are called launeucois in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Versigny may refer to the following places in France:

 Versigny, Aisne, a commune in the department of Aisne
 Versigny, Oise, a commune in the department of Oise


Frank Davis may refer to:

Politics
Frank R. Davis (1888–1948), politician in Nova Scotia, Canada
Frank Davis (Australian politician) (1900–1980), member of the Australian House of Representatives
Frank W. Davis (1936–2018), member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
Frank Davis (Liberal politician), British politician, mayor of Finchley

Sports
Bunch Davis (Frank Davis, fl. 1906–1911), American baseball player
Frank Davis (cricketer) (1904–1973), Australian cricketer
Frank Davis (Irish footballer) (1921–2006)
Frank Davis (Australian rules footballer) (born 1944)
Frank Davis (American football) (born 1981), gridiron football guard

Others
F. A. Davis (1850–1917), American publisher and entrepreneur
Frank Marshall Davis (1905–1987), African-American journalist and writer
Frank H. Davis (1910–1979), Vermont businessman and public official
Frank Davis (serial killer) (1953–2008), American serial killer
Frank Davis (Scout) (1923–1940), English Boy Scout awarded a posthumous Bronze Cross
Frank Davis (screenwriter), screenwriter of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Frank Joseph Davis (1942–2013), radio and television personality in New Orleans, Louisiana

See also
Francis Davis (disambiguation)
Franklin Davis (disambiguation)
Frank Davies (disambiguation)


Versigny () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is a member of the Communauté de communes des Villes d'Oyse. It is situated between Saint-Quentin, Laon and Chauny.

Population
In 2017, the municipality had 468 inhabitants.

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Villeret () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

History
During the first World War, Villeret was under German occupation. Citizens of Villeret secretly sheltered a group of British soldiers who had become detached from their units in September 1914.  Four of the men were discovered by the Germans and executed in 1916.  This story was the subject of the 2011 book "The Englishman's Daughter / A True Story of Love and Betrayal in World War I" by Ben Macintyre.  The early chapters of the book contain information on the history of Villeret.

See also
 Communes of the Aisne department

References

External links

 View of Villeret on Wikimapia

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Justin Hugh Armour (born January 1, 1973) is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver for three seasons for the Buffalo Bills, Denver Broncos, and Baltimore Ravens. He is also the former head coach of the Manitou Springs High School football team in Manitou Springs, Colorado, along with being the current girls' basketball head coach.

High School
Justin was a Consensus All-American with the Manitou Springs Mustangs. In high school, he helped the Mustangs to a AA state track and field championship in the spring of 1990 and a AAA state championship in the fall of 1990. The Mustangs football team primarily ran the Single-wing formation which fit Justin's extensive athletic abilities.  Justin was coached by George Rykovich.

College career
Justin received an athletic scholarship to play both football and basketball at Stanford University.  While recruited as a quarterback, he played four years at wide receiver for the Cardinal coached by Bill Walsh and two years of basketball. As a sophomore, he received an honorable mention All-Pac-10. As a junior, he was selected as All-Pac-10 second-team. As a senior, he ranked ninth in the nation and second in the Pac-10 in receptions. He also set the school career mark with 2,482 receiving yards.

Professional career
Justin was drafted in the fourth round (113th overall) of the 1995 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. He was a member of the Denver Broncos Super Bowl XXXIII championship team, defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34-19.

References

1973 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Baltimore Ravens players
Stanford Cardinal football players
Philadelphia Eagles players


Kursi Aur Qanoon is a Pakistani Urdu language film directed by Masood Butt. Film music composer is M Ashraf and film song lyrics are by Saeed Gillani.

Synopsis
The story revolves around an Israeli agent Ameer Khan (Afzaal Ahmed) who, with his daughter Pinki (Reema), are here only to decapitate the country. In the quest of doing so they release Kali (Babar Ali) which causes a mystery to arise.

Cast
 Moammar Rana as Naveed Khan
 Shaan as Imran
 Babar Ali as Kali
 Nargis
 Saima Noor as Laila
 Reema as Pinki
 Jan Rambo
 Shafqat Cheema
 Afzaal Ahmed

References

External links

1999 films
1990s Urdu-language films
Pakistani action films
1999 action films
Urdu-language Pakistani films


Villers-le-Sec () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aisne department

References

Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Ladislaus Vajda (born Lipót Weisz; 18 August 1877 – 10 March 1933) was a Hungarian screenwriter. He wrote for 40 films in Hungary, Austria and Germany between 1916 and 1932. He was born in Eger, Northern Hungary and died in Berlin, Germany. He was the father of Hungarian film director Ladislao Vajda.

Selected filmography

 The Village Rogue (1916)
 Utolsó hajnal, Az (1917)
 A vörös Sámson (1917)
 Mary Ann (1918)
 Number 111 (1919)
 Liliom (1919)
 Ave Caesar! (1919)
 Oliver Twist (1919)
 Yamata (1919)
 White Rose (1919)
 Sodom und Gomorrha (1922)
 Der Junge Medardus (1923)
 Die Lawine (1923)
 Die Sklavenkönigin (1924)
 Darling, Count the Cash (1926)
 The Love of Jeanne Ney (1927)
 The Csardas Princess (1927)
 The Dashing Archduke (1927)
 The Devious Path (1928)
 Mariett Dances Today (1928)
 Immorality (1928)
 The Lady in Black (1928)
 The Woman One Longs For (1929)
 His Majesty's Lieutenant (1929)
 Die Büchse der Pandora (1929)
Land Without Women (1929)
 Police Spy 77 (1930)
 Love and Champagne (1930)
 There Is a Woman Who Never Forgets You (1930)
 The Love Express (1931)
 Venetian Nights (1931)
 L'Atlantide (1932)

References

External links

1877 births
1933 deaths
Hungarian male screenwriters
20th-century Hungarian screenwriters
Hungarian Jews


Florentino Ameghino is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative seat of the Florentino Ameghino Partido.

The town is named after Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist Florentino Ameghino.

External links

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1910


Henry Carey, 1st Earl of Dover KB (ca. 158013 April 1666) of Hunsdon, Hertfordshire was an English peer and Member of Parliament.

Life
Carey was the son of John Carey, 3rd Baron Hunsdon. Cambridge University awarded him an honorary MA in 1607. He was knighted, as a Knight of the Bath (KB), on 3 June 1610.

He was elected MP for Sussex in 1609 and Hertfordshire in 1614.

Carey succeeded as 4th Baron Hunsdon on 17 April 1617. On 6 July 1621 he was created Viscount Rochford, a title previously held by his great-great-grandfather Thomas Boleyn, and on 8 March 1628 was created Earl of Dover. He acted as Speaker of the House of Lords in 1641, and was Colonel of the regiment of Oxford Scholars between 1644 and 1646.

In 1638, he sued a London merchant Humphrey Fox for abuse, after Fox had allegedly insulted Dover's livery, worn by a London waterman.

In 1653 he was indicted for counterfeiting coinage and was obliged to sell his Hunsdon estate to William Willoughby, the future 6th Lord Willoughby of Parham

Marriages and issue
Lord Dover married twice. His first marriage, before 1608, was to Judith Pelham, daughter of Sir Thomas Pelham, 1st Baronet. They had four sons and four daughters:
 John Carey, 2nd Earl of Dover
 Sir Pelham Carey
 Henry Carey (died young)
 George Carey (died young)
 Anne Carey
 Mary Carey (1615–1672). Married Thomas Wharton (died 1684)
 Judith Carey (died 1666) Never married.
 Philadelphia Carey

On 6 July 1630 he was married for a second time, to Mary Morris, daughter of Richard Morris and widow of William Cockayne, at the church of St Peter Le Poer in London.

Death
Henry Carey died in 1666, and was buried at Hunsdon in Hertfordshire. He was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, John Carey, 2nd Earl of Dover.

Notes

References

|-

Births circa 1580
1666 deaths
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
Henry
Members of the Parliament of England for Hertfordshire
English MPs 1604–1611
English MPs 1614
Knights of the Bath
Earls of Dover
Barons Hunsdon


László Vajda may refer to:

Ladislao Vajda, Hungarian director
Ladislaus Vajda, Hungarian screenwriter
László Vajda (figure skater), Hungarian figure skater


The official results of the Women's pole vault at the 2002 European Championships in Munich, Germany. The final was held on 9 August 2002. The qualifying round was staged two days earlier, on August 7, with the mark set at 4.45 metres.

Medalists

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Records

Qualification

Final

See also
 1998 Women's European Championships Pole Vault (Budapest)
 1999 Women's World Championships Pole Vault (Seville)
 2000 Women's Olympic Pole Vault (Sydney)
 2001 Women's World Championships Pole Vault (Edmonton)
 2003 Women's World Championships Pole Vault (Paris)
 2004 Women's Olympic Pole Vault (Athens)
 2006 Women's European Championships Pole Vault (Gothenburg)

Notes

References
 Results
 moniquedewilt

Pole vault
Pole vault at the European Athletics Championships
2002 in women's athletics


Nigel Walker (7 April 1959 – 2 February 2014) was an English professional football midfielder. He played in The Football League for six clubs as well as the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League. Walker's death, from  cancer, at the age of 54 was reported on 2 February 2014. After football, Nigel was a teacher at Greencroft Business and Enterprise Community School.

Playing career
Walker began his career on the books of non-league side Whickham. He turned professional with Newcastle United in July 1977, making his debut in a 1–1 draw with Bristol City in Football League Division One. His first goal arrived the following season against Leicester City. After 81 first-team appearances, Walker departed for the United States of America to play for the San Diego Sockers in the North American Soccer League in 1982. Earlier in the season he had joined Plymouth Argyle but returned to Newcastle without making any first-team appearances. At the end of the 1982 NASL season, the Sockers entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the 1982–1983 season. Walker played two games for the Sockers in the MISL before returning to England.

In January 1983 Walker returned to England when he joined Division Four side Crewe Alexandra on non-contract terms. The following summer saw him move back to the north-east with Sunderland, but his only first-team outing was a substitute appearance against Watford at Roker Park. He spent time on loan with Blackpool in the closing stages of the 1983–84 season.

Walker moved to Chester City in July 1984, making his debut on the opening day of the new season against Scunthorpe United. He went on to score a derby winner from the penalty spot against Wrexham and a hat-trick via his left foot, right foot and head in a 4–4 draw against Swindon Town in May 1985. At the end of the campaign he opted to move to fellow Division Four side Hartlepool United, where he played for two years.

In 1987 Walker joined non-league side Blyth Spartans, where he played for five years before joining Dunston Federation. Outside football he gained a first class honours degree in computing from Newcastle Polytechnic and became a maths teacher at Greencroft Business and Enterprise Community School in Annfield Plain.

External links
 Newcastle United career details

 Hartlepool United career details
 NASL/MISL stats

References

1959 births
2014 deaths
Footballers from Gateshead
Newcastle United F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Blyth Spartans A.F.C. players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
San Diego Sockers (1978–1996) indoor players
San Diego Sockers (1978–1996) players
Alumni of Northumbria University
Men's association football midfielders
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Dunston UTS F.C. players
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate men's footballers


Sid-Ahmed Bouziane (born 18 July 1983 in Quetigny, Dijon) is a French footballer who is currently playing for FC Thun in the Swiss Challenge League.

External links
 his website
 Official Facebook Page

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
French men's footballers
FC Chiasso players
Servette FC players
FC Thun players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Men's association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Dijon
French sportspeople of Algerian descent
Serie B players
ASD SolbiaSommese Calcio players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland


Saint-Lormel (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

The Arguenon river flows through the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


St Leonard's Church is in the village of Warmingham, Cheshire, England.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Congleton.  Its benefice is combined with that of St Peter, Minshull Vernon.

History

The tower dates from 1715.  The rest of the church was timber framed, then rebuilt in stone in 1870 by R. C. Hussey.  The original windows in the tower were replaced by windows in Gothic style in 1899.

Architecture

Exterior
The tower is built in small bluish bricks, and the rest of the church is in red sandstone squared rubble with a slate roof.  The tower is at the west end.  The church is cruciform in shape with a four-bay nave and a less lofty one-bay chancel, very short transepts, and a north porch.  The tower has a stone plinth, stone quoins, and stone bands which divide it into four stages.  On the north and south sides are clock faces and on the west side is a bullseye window.  Above these are two-light bell openings.  At the top is a moulded cornice, and a crenellated parapet with crocketted pinnacles.  Other than the tower, the church is in Perpendicular style.

Interior
The choirstalls have carved poppyheads.  The font is in carved oak and dates from the 16th century.  The stained glass windows in the south transept and the east window are by Maréchal and Champigneule of Metz and are dated 1870.  Those in the north transept and the south aisle are by Heaton, Butler and Bayne and are dated 1878.  The memorials include a Rococo monument to William Vernon who died in 1732.  Other monuments are a rectangular brass plate to Rev William Lingards who died in 1620, a marble tablet with an oval panel to Rev Randulph Crewe who died in 1777, and a marble table to Ralph Vernon who died in 1798.  Also in the church is a wooden benefaction board dated 1755.

External features

In the churchyard is the base of a medieval cross dating from around 1298 or later.  It is in red sandstone and consists of a two-step base on top of which is a bevelled block.  This holds a short Tuscan column on the top of which are the fixings for a sundial.  It is listed at Grade II, and is a scheduled monument.

See also

Grade II* listed buildings in Cheshire East
Listed buildings in Warmingham

References

Church of England church buildings in Cheshire
Grade II* listed churches in Cheshire
Churches completed in 1715
18th-century Church of England church buildings
Churches completed in 1870
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Gothic Revival architecture in Cheshire
Diocese of Chester
1715 establishments in England


Saint-Maden (; ; Gallo: Saent-Maden) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Maden are called madennais in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Abbey and West Dereham railway station was a railway station on the line between Downham Market and Stoke Ferry. It served the village of West Dereham and the nearby St Mary's Abbey, in Norfolk, England. It was located south of the village on what is still called Station Road:

History
Opened as Abbey by the Downham and Stoke Ferry Railway on 1 August 1882, the line was run from the beginning by the Great Eastern Railway (GER). The station was renamed twice: on 1 January 1886 it became Abbey for West Dereham; and in 1923 as a result of the Grouping the GER became part of the London and North Eastern Railway and the new owners renamed the station Abbey and West Dereham, this occurring on 1 July 1923. The station closed to passenger traffic on 22 September 1930.

The line became part of the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

Notes

References

External links
 Abbey and West Dereham station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Disused railway stations in Norfolk
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1882
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1930
1882 establishments in England
1930 disestablishments in England


Saint-Martin-des-Prés (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

People from Saint-Martin-des-Prés are called martinais in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Marvel Age was a promotional comic book-sized magazine from Marvel Comics published from 1983 to 1994. Basically a comic-length edition of the Bullpen Bulletins page, Marvel Age contained previews of upcoming Marvel comics, as well as interviews with comics professionals and other features, including occasional original comic strips. It is also notable for early work by Marvel writers such as Peter David and Kurt Busiek.

Publication history
Marvel Age published 140 issues, four annuals, two preview issues, and two specials during its eleven-year run.

Regular features of Marvel Age included:
 Coming Attractions — listings all of Marvel books on sale by the week they were supposed to come out.
 News Watch — an expansion of the gossipy news items featured in Bullpen Bulletins pages.
 Behind the Line — Marvel editors writing about the business from their side of the creative process.
 A regular humor comic by Fred Hembeck poking fun at Marvel's history and characters.
 Creator interviews.
 Articles about and ads for current Marvel titles.
 Letters — similar to most letters pages in comics at the time, this one addressed more general questions and commentary relating to the Marvel Universe. The column had a different humorous title in every issue, selected from reader submissions.

The superhero parody character Forbush Man, previously the mascot for Marvel's satirical comic book, Not Brand Echh, appeared or was at least mentioned as the mascot of Marvel Age in issues #8 through #112.

See also
 DC Releases
 Direct Currents
 FOOM
 Pizzazz
 Marvel Adventures (also originally titled Marvel Age)

References

Marvel Comics titles
1983 comics debuts
House organs
nl:Marvel Age
pt:Marvel Age (revista)


Saint-Maudan (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Maudan are called meldanais or maudanais in French.

See also
 Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Verticordia sect. Pennuligera is one of six sections in the subgenus Eperephes. It includes sixteen shrub species in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section range from small and spreading to large shrubs and have been referred to as "lettuce-leaved" or "round-leaved". The flowers are relatively large, with their sepals having feathered lobes and ear-like appendages on a stalk so that the appendages cover the floral cup. The petals are oval to egg-shaped or round and are usually fringed.

In 1857, Carl Meissner proposed separating the genus Verticordia into four sections and formally described section Pennuligera. The description was published in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he retained Meissner's name and description of the section, nominated V. grandis as the type species and included sixteen species.

The type species for this section is Verticordia grandis and the other species are V. comosa, V. lepidophylla, V. chrysostachys, V. aereiflora, V. dichroma, V. × eurardyensis, V. muelleriana, V. argentea, V. albida, V. fragrans, V. venusta, V. forrestii, V. serotina, V. oculata and V. etheliana.

References

Pennuligera
Rosids of Western Australia
Plant sections


The Permanent Representative of Luxembourg to NATO is the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg's foremost diplomatic representative at NATO, and head of Luxembourg's diplomatic mission to the organisation.

List of heads of mission

Permanent Representatives to NATO
 Albert Wehrer (1952–1953)
 Nicolas Hommel (1953–1959)
 Paul Reuter (1959–1967)
 Lambert Schaus (1967–1973)
 Marcel Fischbach (1973–1977)
 Pierre Wurth (1977–1984)
 Jean Wagner (1984–1986)
 Guy de Muyser (1986–1991)
 Thierry Stoll (1991–1993)
 Paul Schuller (1993–1998)
 Jean-Jacques Kasel (1998–2003)
 Joseph Weyland (2003–2005)
 Alphonse Berns (2005–2011)
 Jean-Jacques Welfring (2011–2016)
 Arlette Conzemius (September 2016–date)

References

NATO

Luxembourg


Saint-Maudez (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. It is named after the Breton Saint Maudez.

History
St. Maudez is the tenth son of the King of Ireland Erelus (or Erelea or Ardea) and Gentuse or Getive, his wife. Saint-Maudez landed in Brittany, around 528, not far from Dol, with his sister Saint Juvette and two disciples, Saint Botmel and Saint Tudy.

Heraldic
Blazon = Carved: 1st of silver sown with shadows of ermine speckles with a line of azure, a lion gules crowned with gold debruising, 2nd of azure sown shadows of ermine speckles and at Saint Maudet bypassed halo issuant from the point and holding his episcopal crozier, all in shadow with the silver line.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Maudez are called maudéziens in French.

Places and monuments

 The church Saint-Maudez, the millennial yew, its parish enclosure and the cross of the Templar Knights (registered in the inventory of historical monuments on 28/10/1926 under the reference PA000896446)
 The Orrhins Crosses (see below)
 The Gouyon fountain
 The Thaumatz Castle  (private)
 Many old remarkable houses

See also
 Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

 Saint Maudez on the French National Institute of Geography
 Saint Maudez on the French National Library website
 Saint Maudez - BNF

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor
Côtes-d'Armor communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Oren is a Hebrew Bible name, meaning pine.

Oren may also refer to:
 Ören (disambiguation), various Turkish places and people with the surname
 Arne Øren (born 1943), Norwegian politician
 Tommy Øren (born 1980), Norwegian retired footballer
 Oren (spy), a British First World War double agent

See also
 Orin (disambiguation)


Saint-Mayeux (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Demographics

Inhabitants of Saint-Mayeux are known in French as mayochins.

Sights
The church bell, reconstructed in 1730, previously said to have been at the Abbey of Bon Repos.
Saint-Maurice chapel, its altarpiece is listed as historically significant and it has a "miraculous" font.
The Roch ar lien, steeped in history and legend.
The menhirs, Mein al has () and Roch ar len ()
The tomb of the Gauls (a gallery grave, or neolithic tomb)

Personalities
Jules-Charles Le Bozec, sculptor

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


The 1985 Soviet Top League was the 16th season of the Soviet Top League, the highest tier football league in the Soviet Union. It also was 48th season of the top tier club competition. Zenit Leningrad were the defending champions.

Teams

Promoted teams
 FC Fakel Voronezh – champion (returning for the first time since 1961 after twenty 24 seasons, known as Trud Voronezh)
 FC Torpedo Kutaisi – 2nd place (returning after a season)

Location

Final table

Post-season promotion/relegation tournament
 For the following season the League was reduced to 16 members. The teams that finished 15th and 16th played a mini-tournament in format of home-away double round-robin with the two best out of the Soviet First League (Daugava Riga and CSKA Moscow). Out of this tournament the two best teams (Chernomorets Odessa and Nefchi Baku) continued on in the Soviet Top League. The tournament was conducted in winter-like conditions from 27 November to 15 December.

 For the 1986 season there was no promotion out of the Soviet First League.

Results

Top scorers
35 goals
 Oleh Protasov (Dnipro)

14 goals
 Vladimir Klementyev (Zenit)
 Sergey Rodionov (Spartak Moscow)

13 goals
 Fyodor Cherenkov (Spartak Moscow)
 Oleh Taran (Dnipro)

12 goals
 Oleg Blokhin (Dynamo Kyiv)
 Viktor Grachyov (Shakhtar)
 Sigitas Jakubauskas (Žalgiris)

11 goals
 Georgi Kondratyev (Dinamo Minsk)
 Sergei Volgin (Kairat)

Medal squads
(league appearances and goals listed in brackets)

Number of teams by union republic

References

 1985 season

Soviet Top League seasons
1
Soviet
Soviet


Oren was the codename assigned to a Baltic-German double agent in South-East Asia by British Intelligence during World War I.

Identity
Although his true identity is unknown, he is believed to be a man of Swedish descent.  Author Nigel West states that he was a Baltic German.

Espionage
Oren's intelligence passed on to the British Consul in Batavia, W.E. Beckett along with the intelligence passed on by another German agent Vincent Kraft, was instrumental in uncovering parts of the Hindu–German Conspiracy, especially the plans to ship arms to India on board the  in June 1915.  Oren also passed on information on the operations of Jatindranath Mukherjee's agent Narendranath Bhattacharya with German ministers in South-East Asia, and of Jatin's plans for revolt in the Indian Army in Bengal in August 1915.

Based on Oren's intelligence, the Maverick was seized.  Meanwhile in India, police destroyed the underground movement in Calcutta as an unaware Jatin proceeded according to plan to the Bay of Bengal coast in Balasore.  He was followed there by Indian police and on 9 September 1915, he and a group of five revolutionaries armed with Mauser pistols made a last stand on the banks of the river Burha Balang.  Seriously wounded in a gun battle that lasted seventy five minutes, Jatin died the next day in the town of Balasore.

Oren's true identity was never disclosed by Beckett.

References

Footnotes

Notations

World War I spies for the United Kingdom
Double agents
Hindu–German Conspiracy
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
World War I spies for Germany


Jean-Louis Cazes (born 2 October 1951 in Bayonne) is a French former professional football defender. He manages Genêts Anglet.

He was part of SC Bastia team that reached the 1978 UEFA Cup Final.

External links

 Profile

1951 births
Living people
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Aviron Bayonnais FC players
AS Saint-Étienne players
SC Bastia players
Ligue 1 players
French football managers
Sportspeople from Bayonne
Footballers from Pyrénées-Atlantiques
French-Basque people


Jason Steele is a South African wrestler, bodybuilder and actor.

Early career

Bodybuilding

In 1997 at his first bodybuilding contest, competing at a weight of 110 lbs in the junior under 18 division, placing dead last. Steele returned in 1998 to the same show as the year before, this time a full 77 lbs heavier than the previous year winning the junior division.

In 2000 Steele won the junior nationals. He returned in 2003 now competing as a senior, winning the super heavy weight class, this was his last contest until 2014.
In 2014 Steele qualified for IFBB Nationals, by winning the super heavyweight division at the provincial championships.

This was the first ever first Senior Nationals, Steele took third place in the super heavies in his first outing at national level.

Powertlifting (2000-2004)
In 2003 Steele competed at the National Bench Press championships, he broke the junior national record with a 565 lbs press, and In 2009 pressed 506 lbs raw at a regional event.

Professional Wrestling Career (2005-2011)

Steele performed for World Wrestling Professionals in 2005 during the first season of WWP Thunderstrike, wrestling as The Gatekeeper.

In 2005 Steele traveled to the United States of America and wrestled for various independent promotions, including the Houston-based promotion Pro Wrestling Alliance which was promoted by Booker T. He used the moniker Jason The Terror and was one-half of The South African Connection with Ananzi. On June 29, 2007, they were defeated by Gabe Hollier and Surfin Surge in PWA Tag Team Qualifying match. On July 21, 2007, they were beat by The Trump Twins in a PWA Tag Team Tournament Semifinals match.

PWA

Steele along with Ananzi trained at the Houston-based PWA run by multiple world champion Booker T, Steele and Ananzi created a tag team and entered the PWA tag team championships, matched against Gabe Hollier and Surfin Surge as well as the Trumps established the pair as a heal faction.

WWP

Jason Steele made his debut on WWP Thunderstrike on SABC 2 in late 2008, he had feuds with Angelico and Justin Gabriel, he ended the series as one of the top-rated wrestlers in South Africa history.

2009 and 2010 saw Steele wrestle for Colors TV in India on 100% De Dana Dan, he was positioned as the faction heel and antagonist to the Indian wrestlers, Steele dominated the show with notable matches against Sando Paaiji and Murat Bosporus, and was seen as a staple of the show, he appeared on a 2009 version of India Has Got Talent with Tornado to promote the newly formed wrestling show.

Film/Television career
In 2016, Steele signed with his talent agent Sean Fernandez, based in Toronto Ontario, gaining various commercial roles during that year. In 2017, Steele has been cast for a Marvel film as well as a Netflix series.

In addition to wrestling and film, Steele has done commercial and music video work. He was shown in a commercial promoting 2010 Soccer World Cup in 2010, where he and a team of musclemen played a soccer game against other typically South African steotypes.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

South African male professional wrestlers
Male bodybuilders
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Back to the Beat is the ninth album by the turntablist Rob Swift. It was released on February 13, 2003, by On the Strength Records and was produced by Rob Swift.

Track listing
"Going Postal"
"Can't Stop"
"This Is How It Should Be Done"
"This Is How It Was Done"
"Take a Sec"
"Take a Second Look"
"Had to Gatcha"
"Swift James"
"Heads Up"
"Never Dug Disco"
"Don't Blink"
"Soul Vibration"
"Remix Mad Kick"
"Back to the Beat"
"Pink Cookies"
"Next Up"
"Yo I Believe That's Me"
"Stick Up Kids"
"Beat Down and Out"

References

Rob Swift albums
2006 albums


WTHK (100.7 FM; "The Peak") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. It is licensed to Wilmington, Vermont.  The station is currently owned by Jeffrey Shapiro's Great Eastern Radio, and currently simulcasts sister station WKKN (101.9 FM).

History
WTHK began its radio life as WVAY. The station was part of the wave of upscale smooth jazz formatted stations that were very trendy in the mid to late 1980s. The station was owned and operated by Rothschild Broadcasting. Founding program director Roger Coryell left the station in 1990 for a position as morning host on San Francisco smooth jazz outlet KKSF. WVAY's slogan evolved from "Smooth Sounds - 100.7 WVAY" to  "100.7 WVAY, Different by Design" as the station evolved into more of a triple-A formatted radio station. At one time WVAY also had additional translators at 99.7 in Marlboro, Vermont, which was sold to Harvest Broadcasting, a religious broadcaster, and had an arrangement to operate a translator at 100.1 which helped WVAY have a stronger signal in Manchester, Vermont. At one time WVAY was positioned as "100.7/100.1 WVAY Different By Design".

The station was sold to Dynacom Corporation in 1998, and wound up having many simulcast partners of the Dynacom stable which included being part of the soft AC, "Wish" stations (now WXLF), and AOR formatted Q 106 (WHDQ) from Claremont, New Hampshire. Eventually the simulcast partner became WRSI (then at 95.3 FM), an AAA station from Greenfield, Massachusetts. The WVAY call letters were shelved in favor of WMTT during this time. In October 2000, the WRSI simulcast with WMTT ended and was moved to WRSY (101.5 FM) in Marlboro, which had a better signal into Brattleboro, yet continued to serve the Deerfield Valley. WMTT's new simulcast partner became WEXP (101.5 FM) from Brandon, Vermont, and together the stations were known on air as "Classic Rock 101, The Fox". It was at that time that the WVAY call sign were restored to 100.7.

In 2004 Nassau Broadcasting Partners purchased WEXP and WVAY as well as an entire portfolio of radio stations in Vermont and New Hampshire from the Vox Radio Group. While the station has evolved into "Rutland's Rock Station, 101.5 The Fox", the WVAY call sign went away again in favor of Nassau's warehousing of the WTHK call sign on November 16, 2006, where they remain to this day. The call sign was previously used on 97.5 FM in Trenton, New Jersey.

WTHK, along with 29 other Nassau stations in northern New England, was purchased at bankruptcy auction by Carlisle Capital Corporation, a company controlled by Bill Binnie (owner of WBIN-TV in Derry), on May 22, 2012. The station, and 12 of the other stations, would then be acquired by Vertical Capital Partners, controlled by Jeff Shapiro; however, WTHK was not included in the subsequent sale of simulcast partner WEXP to Electromagnetic Company. The sale of WTHK and the other 12 stations was consummated on November 30, 2012, at a purchase price of $4.4 million. The Vertical Capital Partners stations were transferred to Shapiro's existing Great Eastern Radio group on January 1, 2013. On January 22, 2013, WTHK dropped its simulcast of WEXP and began simulcasting new sister station WXXK (100.5 FM).

The WXXK simulcast ended on March 16, 2015, when WTHK, along with WKKN in Westminster (a station in the Keene, New Hampshire, area that had also been serving as a WXXK simulcast), launched an adult album alternative format branded as "The Peak." Under the new format, the WTHK signal is marketed to the Bennington area. The stations switched to a classic rock format on May 14, 2018, while retaining their existing branding.

Translator
WTHK also operates translator station W284AB (Jamaica, Vermont) that transmits a directional signal from the top of Stratton Mountain. The translator can be heard at 104.7 FM.

References

External links

THK
Radio stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Vermont
Classic rock radio stations in the United States


Saint-Méloir-des-Bois () is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Méloir-des-Bois are called méloriens in French.

See also
 Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Spring in Winter () is a 1917 Hungarian film directed by Michael Curtiz.

Cast
 Sándor Góth
 Erzsi B. Marton
 Ica von Lenkeffy
 Zoltán Szerémy
 Lajos Kemenes
 Charles Puffy
 Rózsi Szöllösi
 Rene Sello
 Karoly Gardai

See also
 Michael Curtiz filmography

References

External links

Films directed by Michael Curtiz
1917 films
Hungarian black-and-white films
Hungarian silent films
Austro-Hungarian films


Saint-Michel-de-Plélan (, literally Saint-Michel of Plélan; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Michel-de-Plélan are called michelois in French.

See also
 Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


The ob/ob or obese mouse is a mutant mouse that eats excessively due to mutations in the gene responsible for the production of leptin and becomes profoundly obese. It is an animal model of type II diabetes. Identification of the gene mutated in ob led to the discovery of the hormone leptin, which is important in the control of appetite.

The first ob/ob mouse arose by chance in a colony at the Jackson Laboratory in 1949. The mutation is recessive. Mutant mice are phenotypically indistinguishable from their unaffected littermates at birth, but gain weight rapidly throughout their lives, reaching a weight three times that of unaffected mice. ob/ob mice develop high blood sugar, despite an enlargement of the pancreatic islets and increased levels of insulin.

The gene affected by the ob mutation was identified by positional cloning. The gene produces a hormone, called leptin, that is produced predominantly in adipose tissue. One role of leptin is to regulate appetite by signalling to the brain that the animal has had enough to eat. Since the ob/ob mouse cannot produce leptin, its food intake is uncontrolled by this mechanism.

A positional cloning approach in the Lepob mouse allows to identify the locus of the gene encoding for the ob protein. Clones were used to construct a contig across most of the 650-kb critical region of ob. Exons from this interval were trapped using exon trapping method and each was afterward sequenced and searched in the GenBank. One of the exons was hybridized to a Northern blot of mouse white adipose tissue (WAT). This allowed to investigate the levels of ob gene expression which seemed to be markedly increased in WAT of Lepob mice. This is consistent with a biologically inactive truncated protein.

See also
 Zucker rat

References

External links
 Ingalls AM, Dickie MM, Snell GD (December 1950). "Obese, a new mutation in the house mouse." J. Hered. 41 (12): 317-8.

Laboratory mouse strains
Classical genetics


Saint-Michel-en-Grève (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

In 2009 huge quantities of sea lettuce seaweed (Ulva lactuca) washed up on the beach at Saint Michel. Poisonous gases resulting from its decomposition caused the death of a horse and may have been a factor in the earlier death of a cleanup crew truck driver.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Michel-en-Grève are called michelois  in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Pip Russell (born 1986) is an Australian children's television host. She co-hosted Toasted TV from 2005 to 2008 before moving to Totally Wild, Network Ten's wildlife program for children.

In 2014 she started Juiced, a television network aimed at children in hospital. Juiced TV airs weekly at the Queensland Children's Hospital.

References

1986 births
Living people
Australian children's television presenters
Australian women television presenters


Saint-Nicodème (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Nicodème are called nicodémois in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


A nanoflower, in chemistry, refers to a compound of certain elements that results in formations which in microscopic view resemble flowers or, in some cases, trees that are called nanobouquets or  nanotrees. These formations are nanometers long and thick so they can only be observed using electron microscopy.

Production
Several ways to produce nanoflowers are known:
 A process similar to the making of a carbon nanotube using a hydrocarbon gas.
 Heating gallium (Ga) and then flowing methane (CH4) over, under specific pressure and heat. This forms flower-shaped silicon carbide (SiC) structures.
 Heating a molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) thin film on a piece of molybdenum foil surrounded by sulfur vapour.

Nanomeadow
In supercapacitors, energy is stored because the electrodes are coated with a porous material that soaks up ions like a sponge, usually activated carbon. Nanomeadow supercapacitors store ions in manganese oxide (MnO), a material with a much greater capacity for ions than activated carbon.

Scientists at Research Institute of Chemical Defence (Beijing, China) and Peking University created a nanomeadow of microscopic structures, fuzzy flowers of MnO each about 100 nanometres across on a field of messy carbon nanotube grass grown on a tantalum metal foil. Nanomeadows perform 10 times better than MnO alone and can store twice as much charge as the carbon-based electrodes in existing ultracapacitors.

See also

Footnotes

References

Summary of the 2nd E.E.F. (Enosi Ellinon Fysikon, Hellenic Science Society) Conference in Texnopolis Athens, Greece

External links

Photo of nanoflower

Nanoparticles by morphology


Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem are called pélemois in French.

History

Prehistory
The cairn of Croaz Dom Herry, discovered in 2005, dates to the middle of the Neolithic, but has largely been quarried for its stones, particularly during the late Middle Ages; it has 4 circular funeral chambers, each about 3 meters in diameter, at the end of a long corridor.

Roman period
The town that later became Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem was built 500 meters from the Roman road linking Vorgium (capital of the Osismii) with Corseul and Aleth (capital of the Coriosolites).

A large plateau surrounded by an artificial moat near Pélinec pond is sometimes considered to be the remains of a pre-Roman fortification of the Gauls, or of a Roman camp, and sometimes as the remains of a medieval camp (Frotier de la Messelière reports having seen foundations for a circular stone tower).

Second World War
A monument to the deceased of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem lists 32 individuals who perished during World War II.

Le maquis Tito
During the German occupation, the a group of maquis of the FTP operating in the Côtes-du-Nord, was organized during the spring of 1943 in the rectangular area of Trémargat, Lanrivain, Peumerit-Quintin, and Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem, led by Louis Pichouron, whose nom de guerre was "Commandant Alain". In January 1944 they took the name of the "Tito Company", after Josip Broz Tito, leader of the communist resistance movement in Yugoslavia, with a team in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem led by Théodore Le Nénan.

On November 11, 1943, Théodore Le Nénan killed a member of the Feldgendarmerie in Plouaret; on December 23 Georges Ollitrault attacked a German officer at Loudéac. An attack on the town hall of Saint-Nicodème resulted in the arrest of many members of the group at Trébrivan, and four were shot on May 6, 1944, at Ploufragan.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department
 Guy Éder de La Fontenelle

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Saint-Péver () is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Saint-Pôtan (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

It takes its name from Saint Pôtan, the namesake of the commune's church. It has grown steadily since 2011 owing to new housing estates and contains a small variety of shops. It is surrounded by more than a dozen stone crosses.

In the village of Saint-Pôtan is a manor house now called «Le Vaumeloisel», which used to be a chateau before being destroyed in the French Revolution. This chateau once welcomed the Duchess Anne of Brittany, who married two French kings, and is now a family house. The family who once lived in this house were the Guyon family, who are French aristocrats who own many manor houses in the department of Côtes-d'Armor. One of these includes the well known Fort-la-Latte chateau, where the movie The Vikings was filmed.

Much local employment comes from agriculture and tourism, but it is also the home of Sodimac, the major employer of the commune, a manufacturer of agricultural machinery and steel building components.

Population

The commune's population declined during the twentieth century, but has grown since 2011.

Geography
Saint-Pôtan is situated near the town of Matignon, and is only about  from the coast. Saint-Pôtan is also close to main transport links including the Saint-Malo ferry port, which has routes to England and the channel Islands, operated by Brittany Ferries and Condor Ferries. It is close to the towns of Lamballe, Dinan, Saint-Brieuc, Rennes, and Saint-Malo. There are train stations in Lamballe, Saint-Malo and Saint-Brieuc which have links to Brest and Gare Montparnasse (Paris). Saint-Pôtan is also ideally sitatuated for air travel as Dinard – Pleurtuit – Saint-Malo Airport is only about 15 km away with links to England and the Channel Islands. Further away are Brest and Rennes airports, with links to Europe.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links
  Saint-Pôtan, on C.C. Pays de Matignon website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Muscular defense is a reflex of the abdominal muscles to contract upon mechanical force to the abdomen, and serves as protection.

It is a visceromotor reflex, since the parietal peritoneum and viscera are involved in generating the reflex.

See also
 Abdominal guarding

References

Abdomen

de:Abwehrspannung


Saint-Quay-Perros (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saint-Quay-Perros are called kénanais in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


In electronics, potting is a process of filling a complete electronic assembly with a solid or gelatinous compound for high voltage assemblies by excluding gaseous phenomena such as corona discharge, for resistance to shock and vibration, and for the exclusion of water, moisture, or corrosive agents. When such materials are used only on the components, it is referred to as encapsulation.

Thermosetting plastics or silicone rubber gels are often used, though epoxy resins are also very common. When epoxy resins are used, low chloride grades are usually specified. Many sites recommend using a potting product to protect sensitive electronic components from impact, vibration, and loose wires.

In the potting process, an electronic assembly is placed inside a mold (i.e. the "pot") which is then filled with an insulating liquid compound that hardens, permanently protecting the assembly.  The mold may be part of the finished article and may provide shielding or heat dissipating functions in addition to acting as a mold. When the mold is removed the potted assembly is described as cast.

As an alternative, many circuit board assembly houses coat assemblies with a layer of transparent conformal coating rather than potting. Conformal coating gives most of the benefits of potting, and is lighter and easier to inspect, test, and repair. Conformal coatings can be applied as liquid or condensed from a vapor phase.

When potting a circuit board that uses surface-mount technology, low glass transition temperature (Tg) potting compounds such as polyurethane or silicone may be used. High Tg potting compounds may break solder bonds through solder fatigue by hardening at a higher temperature because the coating then shrinks as a rigid solid over a larger part of the temperature range, thus developing greater force.

See also
 Integrated circuit packaging
 Resin dispensing

References

External links

Electronic design
Electronics manufacturing


Saint-Quay-Portrieux (; Breton: Sant-Ke-Porzh-Olued) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Quay-Portrieux are called quinocéens in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor
Seaside resorts in France


Real Love is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter and actress Lisa Stansfield, released on 11 November 1991, by Arista Records. Stansfield co-wrote all songs with Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, who also produced the album.

Upon release, Real Love received generally positive reviews from music critics and achieved commercial success. It reached the top-ten in various countries, including number three in the United Kingdom. Five singles were released from the album, including "Change" (number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart) and "All Woman" (number one on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart).

Real Love was re-released as a deluxe 2 CD + DVD set in the United Kingdom on 10 November 2014 and in Europe on 21 November 2014.

Background
Between her very successful debut album Affection and her next album Real Love, Stansfield recorded "Down in the Depths" which was written by Cole Porter in 1936. This track was included on the AIDS charity compilation Red Hot + Blue, released in September 1990. The music video was also filmed and directed by Philippe Gautier. In 2003, "Down in the Depths" was included on Stansfield's album, Biography: The Greatest Hits. Stansfield recorded the songs for Real Love in 1991.

Content
The album was entirely written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. It includes thirteen songs except for Japan where Real Love was issued with a bonus track, "Whenever You're Gone". The Japanese edition also has different cover art. The LP version of the album does not contain "First Joy", "Tenderly" and "A Little More Love". In North America, Real Love was released with different sequence of the tracks. In 2003, the album was remastered and re-released as limited edition digipak with three bonus songs: "Whenever You're Gone", "Everything Will Get Better" (from the single "All Woman") and  "Change" remixed by Frankie Knuckles.

Real Love was remastered and expanded, and was re-released as a deluxe 2CD + DVD set in November 2014. It was expanded to feature rare tracks and 12" mixes plus videos, live footage and a specially recorded interview with Stansfield. The twenty-eight-page booklet features photos, memorabilia, lyrics and brand new sleeve notes. The set was issued in the United Kingdom on 10 November 2014 and in Europe on 21 November 2014. It was also released as a part of The Collection 1989–2003 at the same time. The 2014 reissue of Real Love includes the previously unreleased track "Time to Make You Mine" (Bomb Squad Remix). Additionally, People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology features another previously unreleased remix of "Time to Make You Mine"; the Sunship Mix.

Singles
The first single, "Change" was released on 7 October 1991. In Europe, it became a hit reaching top ten in Italy, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. In the United States, "Change" peaked at number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs, number twelve on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number thirteen on the Adult Contemporary Singles and number twenty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached number ten in Canada. The second single, "All Woman" was issued on 9 December 1991. The song peaked inside top forty in the European countries, including Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden. "All Woman" was successful on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs in the United States and topped this chart for one week. On the Billboard Hot 100, it reached number fifty-six and on the Adult Contemporary Singles, "All Woman peaked at number twenty-one. The single's B-side, "Everything Will Get Better" reached number thirty-six on the Hot Dance Club Songs. The third European single, "Time to Make You Mine" was released on 2 March 1992 and peaked inside top forty in the United Kingdom (number fourteen) and Switzerland (number thirty-three). "Set Your Loving Free" was issued as the fourth and last single in Europe and became another top forty hit, reaching number twenty-eight in the United Kingdom and number thirty-six in the Netherlands. The third US single, "A Little More Love" was released on 30 June 1992 and peaked at number thirty on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Its B-side, "Set Your Loving Free" reached number twenty on the Hot Dance Club Songs. In 2003, "Change", "All Woman", "Time to Make You Mine" and "Set Your Loving Free" were included on Biography: The Greatest Hits.

Critical reception

Real Love received positive reviews from music critics. Alex Henderson from AllMusic wrote that the album contains "definite gems", "including the poignant and heartbreaking ballad 'All Woman,' the spunky 'Soul Deep' and the sleek 'Set Your Loving Free.'" He added that Real Love is "far superior to most '90s R&B" and Stansfield is a "major talent". Dave Obee from Calgary Herald said, "Believe the title. It's telling the truth. [...] This time around, she's singing about love again but, by golly, she sounds like she means it. There's real passion. As if she's actually singing about her own life. And yes, she has a great voice that suits the funky dance music. Really." Marisa Fox from Entertainment Weekly found that with the album, "Stansfield prove[d] she isn't just another soul crooner with robust vocals and an air of longing. The aptly titled Real Love is a collection of steamy love songs, accented with flutes, horns, and sometimes, lush, Barry White-like orchestration. Stansfield has cut out slogans in favor of meaty personal politics, taking a more clinical look at what triggers her emotions. On 'Symptoms of Loneliness and Heartache,' she reaches deep down in her heart (and throat) to tell an ex: 'I don't see emotion or quality of life/Just symptoms of loneliness and heartache.' And yet she isn't afraid to cut loose, as on 'It's Got to Be Real.' Ultimately, Stansfield comes off as a hopeless romantic who has all the strength and determination to convert even the worst cynic." Parry Gettelman from Orlando Sentinel stated that "Stansfield's brand of dance-pop still outclasses most of the genre."

Stephen Holden from Rolling Stone wrote that Stansfield is "one of the first British stars to redo American pop-soul styles of the Seventies. Shaped with the help of her songwriting and producing collaborators Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, her retro disco crossbreeds the harmonic vocabulary of mid-Seventies Philly soul with the lush, cheesy textures of Barry White and his Love Unlimited Orchestra. Up-to-the-minute electronic dance beats make it all sound contemporary. What makes the mix special is Stansfield's wantonly emotive singing, which is "as luscious as melting chocolate." On her second album, her voice is even richer and the arrangements more inventive and far-reaching than on Affection, her 1989 debut. The new album's gem, 'All Woman' is an almost overripe ballad about a long-suffering wife that sounds tailor-made for Gladys Knight, although Knight would have a hard time topping Stansfield's version. Like everything else on the album, from the trancelike disco prayer of the title track to the inspirational lover's promise 'Set Your Loving Free,' Real Love turns the world into a 'gold-and-velvet-trimmed valentine box in which romantic dreams are all that matter.'" According to Q, the album is "excellent" and Musician stated that it is a "knockout" with "shrewd and heartfelt music". The New York Times wrote that Stansfield brings danceable mid-1970s-style pop to a "pinnacle of musical sophistication and emotional heat." Robert Christgau chose "All Woman" as the best track on the album. According to CD Universe, Real Love features a "number of top-notch tunes, most notably the hit singles 'Change' and 'All Woman.' While the former song plays up the energetic, club-oriented aspect of Stansfield's aesthetic, the latter number is a R&B ballad that reinforces the vocalist's reputation as one of England's finest blue-eyed soul acts. The album's true charm, however, lies in its underrated album cuts, particularly the celebratory 'Soul Deep,' which includes funky Stevie Wonder-like keyboard lines, and the emotive string-tinged title track."

Commercial performance

The album was commercially successful and reached top ten in the following European countries: United Kingdom (number three), Netherlands (number five), Germany (number nine) and Belgium (number ten). In other parts of Europe, it peaked inside top forty. Real Love also reached number twenty-five in New Zealand, number thirty-eight in Japan and number forty in Australia. In the United States, it peaked at number six on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number forty-three on the Billboard 200. It also reached number thirty-one in Canada. Real Love was certified 2× Platinum in the United Kingdom and Gold in the United States, Canada, Germany and Switzerland.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits taken from AllMusic.

Yak Bondy – keyboards, programming, harmonica
Bobby Boughton – engineer, mixing
Snake Davis – saxophones, flutes, horn arrangements
Ian Devaney – producer, arranger, keyboards, guitars, programming, trombone, engineer, mixing
Andy Gangadeen – drums, rhythm arrangements
Stephen Gibson – trumpet, flugelhorn
Rebecca Gilliver – strings
Gary Grant – trumpets, flugelhorns
Drusilla Harris – strings
Jerry Hey – trumpets, flugelhorns, horn and string arrangements
Dan Higgins – saxophones, flutes
Benedict Holland – strings
Aileen McLaughlin – background vocals
Andy Morris – producer, arranger, keyboards, programming, trumpet, flugelhorn, engineer, mixing
Berend Mulder – strings
Jane Nossek – strings
Tim Parry – executive producer
John Price – strings
Bill Reichenbach Jr. – trombones
Annie Ross – background vocals
Juliet Snell – strings
Snowboy – percussion, rhythm arrangements
Lisa Stansfield – vocals
Jazz Summers – executive producer
Winkie Thin – strings
Richard Thirlwell – strings
Rebecca Thompson – strings
Jenny Turner – strings
Max Vadukul – photography
Simon Vance – strings, string arrangements
Andrew Walton – strings
Marcus Williams – bass
Richard Williamson – strings

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

Lisa Stansfield albums
1991 albums


Avimiled Rivas Quintero  (born 17 October 1984) is a Colombian football player who has played for Millonarios, Deportes Quindío, Atlético Nacional, CP Ejido, SD Eibar and Once Caldas, as well as the Colombia national team. Rivas currently plays for Cortuluá as an attacking midfielder.

With the Colombia national football team, he won the South American Youth Championship in 2005 and played the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship reaching the semi-final and beating Argentina 2-1

External links

 Profile at FIFA.com
 Player profile at FootballDatabase.com

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Cali
Colombian men's footballers
Colombia men's international footballers
Colombia men's under-20 international footballers
Millonarios F.C. players
Deportes Quindío footballers
Atlético Nacional footballers
Polideportivo Ejido footballers
SD Eibar footballers
Once Caldas footballers
Atlético Huila footballers
Boyacá Chicó F.C. footballers
Cortuluá footballers
Patriotas Boyacá footballers
Deportes Tolima footballers
América de Cali footballers
Categoría Primera A players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Venezuela
Men's association football midfielders


Félix Lacuesta (born 20 February 1958 in Bayonne) is a French former professional football midfielder.

He was part of SC Bastia team that reached 1978 UEFA Cup Final.

External links

 Profile at racingstub.com
 Profile at bastia78.forzabastia.com

1958 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bayonne
Footballers from Pyrénées-Atlantiques
French men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Aviron Bayonnais FC players
AS Saint-Étienne players
SC Bastia players
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
Olympique Lyonnais players
AS Monaco FC players
Lille OSC players
AS Cannes players
Ligue 1 players
French-Basque people


Saint-Rieul (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Rieul are called rieulais in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor


Psi-theory, developed by Dietrich Dörner at the University of Bamberg, is a systemic psychological theory covering human action regulation, intention selection and emotion. It models the human mind as an information processing agent, controlled by a set of basic physiological, social and cognitive drives. Perceptual and cognitive processing are directed and modulated by these drives, which allow the autonomous establishment and pursuit of goals in an open environment.

Next to the motivational and emotional system, Psi-theory suggests a neuro-symbolic model of representation, which encodes semantic relationships in a hierarchical spreading activation network. The representations are grounded in sensors and actuators, and are acquired by autonomous exploration.

Main assumptions
The concepts of Psi-theory may be reduced to a set of basic assumptions. Psi-theory describes a cognitive system as a structure consisting of relationships and dependencies that is designed to maintain a homeostatic balance in the face of a dynamic environment.

Representation
Psi-theory suggests hierarchical networks of nodes as a universal mode of representation for declarative, procedural and tacit knowledge. These nodes may encode localist and distributed representations. The activity of the system is modeled using modulated and directional spreading of activation within these networks.

Plans, episodes, situations and objects are described with a semantic network formalism that relies on a fixed number of pre-defined link types, which especially encode causal/sequential ordering, and partonomic hierarchies (the theory specifies four basic link-types). Special nodes (representing neural circuits) control the spread of activation and the forming of temporary or permanent associations and their dissociations.

Memory
At any time, the Psi agent possesses a world model (situation image). This is extrapolated into a branching expectation horizon (consisting of anticipated developments and active plans). In addition, the working memory also contains a hypothetical world model that is used for comparisons during recognition, and for planning.

The situation image is gradually transferred into an episodic memory (protocol). By selective decay and reinforcement, portions of this long-term memory provide automated behavioral routines, and elements for plans (procedural memory).

The atoms of plans and behavior sequences are triplets of a (partial, hierarchical) situation description, forming a condition, an operator (a hierarchical action description) and an expected outcome of the operation as another (partial, hierarchical) situation description. Object descriptions (mainly declarative) are also part of long-term memory and the product of perceptual processes and affordances. Situations and operators in long-term memory may be associated with motivational relevance, which is instrumental in retrieval and reinforcement. Operations on memory content are subject to emotional modulation.

Perception
Perception is based on conceptual hypotheses, which guide the recognition of objects, situations and episodes. Hypothesis based perception ("HyPercept") is understood as a bottom-up (data-driven and context-dependent) cuing of hypotheses that is interleaved with a top-down verification. The acquisition of schematic hierarchical descriptions and their gradual adaptation and revision can be described as assimilation and accommodation.

Hypothesis based perception is a universal principle that applies to visual perception, auditory perception, discourse interpretation and even memory interpretation. Perception is subject to emotional modulation.

Drives
The activity of the system is directed towards the satisfaction of a finite set of primary, pre-defined drives (or urges). All goals are situations that are associated (by learning) with the satisfaction of an urge, or situations that are instrumental in achieving such a situation (this also includes abstract problem solving, aesthetics, the maintenance of social relationships and altruistic behavior). These urges reflect demands of the system: a mismatch between a target value of a demand and the current value results in an urge signal, which is proportional to the deviation, and which might give rise to a motive.

There are three categories of drives:

 Physiological drives (such as food, water, maintenance of physical integrity), which are relieved by the consumption of matching resources and increased by the metabolic processes of the system, or inflicted damage (integrity).
 Social drives (affiliation). The demand for affiliation is an individual variable and adjusted through early experiences. It needs to be satisfied in regular intervals by external legitimacy signals (provided by other agents as a signal of acceptance and/or gratification) or internal legitimacy signals (created by the fulfillment of social norms). It is increased by social frustration (anti-legitimacy signals) or supplicative signals (demands of other agents for help, which create both a suffering by frustration of the affiliation urge, and a promise of gratification).
 Cognitive drives (reduction of uncertainty, and competence). Uncertainty reduction is maintained through exploration and frustrated by mismatches with expectations and/or failures to create anticipations. Competence consists of task specific competence (and can be acquired through exploration of a task domain) and general competence (which measures the ability to fulfill the demands in general). The competence drive is frustrated by actual and anticipated failures to reach a goal. The cognitive drives are subject to individual variability and need regular satisfaction.

Changes in systemic demands are reflected in a "pleasure" or "distress signal", which is used as for reinforcement learning of associations between demands and goals, as well as episodic sequences and behavior scripts leading up to these goals.

Cognitive modulation and emotion
Cognitive processing is subject to global modulatory parameters, which adjust the cognitive resources of the system to the environmental and internal situation. These modulators control behavioral tendencies (action readiness via general activation or arousal), stability of active behaviors/chosen goals (selection threshold), the rate of orientation behavior (sampling rate or securing threshold) and the width and depth of activation spreading in perceptual processing, memory retrieval and planning (activation and resolution level). The effect and the range of modulator values are subject to individual variance.

Emotion is not understood as an independent sub-system, a module or a parameter set, but an intrinsic aspect of cognition. Emotion is an emergent property of the modulation of perception, behavior and cognitive processing, and it can therefore not be understood outside the context of cognition. To model emotion, we need a cognitive system that can be modulated to adapt its use of processing resources and behavior tendencies.

In the Psi-theory, emotions are interpreted as a configurational setting of the cognitive modulators along with the pleasure/distress dimension and the assessment of the cognitive urges. The phenomenological qualities of emotion are due to the effect of modulatory settings on perception and cognitive functioning (i.e. the perception yields different representations of memory, self and environment depending on the modulation), and to the experience of accompanying physical sensations that result from the effects of the particular modulator settings on the physiology of the system (for instance, by changing the muscular tension, the digestive functions, blood pressure and so on). The experience of emotion as such (i.e. as having an emotion) requires reflective capabilities. Undergoing a modulation is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of experiencing it as an emotion.

Motivation
Motives are combinations of drives and a goal. Goals are represented by a situation that affords the satisfaction of the corresponding urge. Several motives may be active at a time, but only one is chosen to determine the choice of behaviors of the agent. The choice of the dominant motive depends on the anticipated probability of satisfying the associated urge and the strength of the urge signal. (This means also that the agent may opportunistically satisfy another urge if presented with that option.)

The stability of the dominant motive against other active motivations is regulated using the selection threshold parameter, which depends on the urgency of the demand and individual variance.

Learning
Perceptual learning comprises the assimilation/accommodation of new/existing schemas by hypothesis based perception. Procedural learning depends on reinforcing the associations of actions and preconditions (situations that afford these actions) with appetitive or aversive goals, which is triggered by pleasure and distress signals. Abstractions may be learned by evaluating and reorganizing episodic and declarative descriptions to generalize and fill in missing interpretations (this facilitates the organization of knowledge according to conceptual frames and scripts).

Behavior sequences and object/situation representations are strengthened by use. Tacit knowledge (especially sensory-motor capabilities) may be acquired by neural learning.

Unused associations decay, if their strength is below a certain threshold: highly relevant knowledge may not be forgotten, while spurious associations tend to disappear.

Problem solving
Problem solving is directed towards finding a path between a given situation and a goal situation, on completing or reorganizing mental representations (for instance, the identification of relationships between situations or of missing features in a situational frame) or serves an exploratory goal.

Problem solving is organized in stages: If no immediate response to a problem is found, the system first attempts to resort to a behavioral routine (automatism), and if this is not successful, it attempts to construct a plan. If planning fails, the system resorts to exploration (or switches to another motive). Problem solving is context dependent (contextual priming is served by associative pre-activation of mental content) and subject to modulation.

The strategies that encompass problem solving are parsimonious. They can be reflected upon and reorganized according to learning and experience. Many advanced problem solving strategies can not be adequately modeled without assuming linguistic capabilities.

Language and consciousness
Language has to be explained as syntactically organized symbols that designate conceptual representations, and a model of language thus starts with a model of mental representation. Language extends cognition by affording the categorical organization of concepts and by aiding in meta-cognition. (Cognition is not interpreted an extension of language by the Psi-theory.)

The understanding of discourse may be modeled along the principles of hypothesis based perception and assimilation/accommodation of schematic representations. Consciousness is related to the abstraction of a concept of self over experiences and protocols of the system and the integration of that concept with sensory experience; there is no explanatory gap between conscious experience and a computational model of cognition.

Evaluation
Evaluating the Psi-theory in an experimental paradigm is difficult, not least because of the many free variables it posits. The predictions and propositions of the Psi-theory are mostly qualitative. Where quantitative statements are made, for instance about the rate of decay of the associations in episodic memory, the width and depth of activation spreading during memory retrieval, these statements are rarely supported by experimental evidence; they represent ad hoc solutions to engineering requirements posed by the design of a problem solving and learning agent.

A partial exception to this rule is the emotional model, which has been tested as a set of computational simulation experiments. While it contains many free variables that determine the settings of modulator parameters and the response to motive pressures, it can be fitted to human subjects in behavioral experiments and thereby demonstrate similar performance in an experimental setting as different personality types. The parameter set can also be fitted to an environment by an evolutionary simulation; the free parameters of the emotional and motivational model allow a reproduction of personal variances.

The Psi-theory can also be interpreted as a specification for a cognitive architecture.

MicroPsi architecture
MicroPsi is a cognitive architecture built by Joscha Bach at the Humboldt University of Berlin and the Institute of Cognitive Science of the University of Osnabrück. MicroPsi extends the representations of the Psi-theory with taxonomies, inheritance and linguistic labeling; MicroPsi's spreading activation networks allow for neural learning, planning and associative retrieval.

MicroPsi's first generation (2003–2009) is implemented in Java, and includes a framework for editing and simulating software agents using spreading activation networks, and a graphics engine for visualization. MicroPsi has also been used as a robot control architecture.

MicroPsi 2 is a new implementation of MicroPsi, written in Python, and currently used as a tool for knowledge representation.

OpenCog
The OpenCog cognitive architecture includes a simple implementation of Psi-theory, dubbed OpenPsi.  It includes interfaces to Hanson Robotics robots for emotion modelling.

Literature
 Dietrich Dörner: Bauplan für eine Seele. Rowohlt, 1999,  (in German).
 Dietrich Dörner, Christina Bartl, Frank Detje, Jürgen Gerdes, Dorothée Halcour, Harald Schaub, Ulrike Starker: Die Mechanik des Seelenwagens. Eine neuronale Theorie der Handlungsregulation. Verlag Hans Huber, 2002,  (in German).
 Dietrich Dörner & C. Dominik Güss, (2013). PSI: A computational architecture of cognition, motivation, and emotion. Review of General Psychology, 17, 297–317.
 Joscha Bach: Principles of Synthetic Intelligence. PSI: An Architecture of Motivated Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2009, .

References

External links
 MicroPsi cognitive architecture based on Psi-theory
 Advanced Magic natural language processing using Psi-theory in artificial intelligence applications
 A Simulation of Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Overcrowding
 Human Factors Team of IABG applications of the Psi-theory
 The PSI model of emotion, personality and action
 A theory of emotion
 Intercultural Communications at the University of Jena applications of the Psi-theory

Cognitive architecture


Saint-Samson-sur-Rance (, literally Saint-Samson on Rance; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Saint-Samson-sur-Rance are called samsonnais in French.

See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department

References

External links

Communes of Côtes-d'Armor