Atomic Rooster is the sixth studio album by British rock band Atomic Rooster. It was recorded when the band regrouped after breaking up for five years, and they embarked on a raw style, which was in marked contrast to that of their past few albums. In addition, its heavier sound fit in better with the new wave of British heavy metal scene.

Two tracks, "She's My Woman" and "Where's the Show?", were originally recorded by John Du Cann for his solo album, The World's Not Big Enough, in 1977. The album was not released at the time and the songs were later reworked by Atomic Rooster. Du Cann's solo album was eventually released in 1992.

"Do You Know Who's Looking for You?" has been covered by Finnish rock band YUP, who recorded it with new lyrics in their native language and retitled it "Keittoruoka" ("Soup Meal"). It was included on their 2001 album Hajota ja hallitse ("Divide and Conquer").

The 2005 CD reissue, whilst being welcomed by fans of the band's latter era, is, nonetheless, unlicensed. The copyright in the recording is held by the original label, EMI.
The Angel Air release featured extensive sleevenotes by Record Collector magazine's Joe Geesin, which included a new interview with John Du Cann. Some of the songs exist in demo form (with Preston Heyman on drums, although not properly credited) on the compilation CD Rarities.

Track listing
Side one
 "They Took Control of You" (John Du Cann, Clara Du Cann) 4:48
 "She's My Woman" (Du Cann) 3:12
 "He Did It Again" (Vincent Crane, Du Cann) 4:03
 "Where's the Show?" (Du Cann) 3:54
 "In the Shadows" (Du Cann) 6:55

Side two
 "Do You Know Who's Looking for You?" (Crane, Du Cann) 3:04
 "Don't Lose Your Mind" (Du Cann) 3:35
 "Watch Out!" (Crane) 4:04
 "I Can't Stand It" (Du Cann) 3:49
 "Lost in Space" (Crane, Du Cann) 5:51

2005 Angel Air CD reissue bonus tracks
 "Throw Your Life Away" (Crane, Du Cann) 2:54 - "Do You Know Who's Looking for You?" single B-side
 "Broken Windows" (Crane, Du Cann) 3:49 - unreleased "Don't Lose Your Mind" single B-side

Personnel
Atomic Rooster
Vincent Crane – Hammond organ, keyboard bass
John Du Cann – guitars, vocals
Preston Heyman – drums, percussion

Singles
 "Do You Know Who's Looking for You?" / "Throw Your Life Away" (June 1980). An often rumoured 12" single featuring an extended version of "Do You Know Who's Looking for You?" was never released. No such extended version of the A-side exists.

References

1980 albums
Atomic Rooster albums
EMI Records albums


Andrea Gibson (born August 13, 1975) is an American poet and activist from Calais, Maine, who has lived in Boulder, Colorado since 1999. Gibson's poetry focuses on gender norms, politics, social reform, and LGBTQ topics.

Personal life

Gibson grew up in Calais, Maine. They have one sister, Laura, who is mentioned in a poem "The Moon Is a Kite". Growing up in a Baptist home and attending local schools, they later attended Saint Joseph's College of Maine.

Moving with a girlfriend, Gibson lived for a time in New Orleans, and later the two moved in 1999 to Boulder, Colorado, where they settled. They went to their first open-mic in Denver, where Gibson was inspired to become a spoken word artist.

Gibson uses gender-neutral pronouns, specifically they/them/theirs. Many of their poems are about gender identity, such as "Swing Set" and "Andrew". Gibson has said, regarding gender, "I don't necessarily identify within a gender binary. I've never in my life really felt like a woman and I've certainly never felt like a man. I look at gender on a spectrum and I feel somewhere on that spectrum that's not landing on either side of that." Regarding appellation, Gibson has expressed affinity for a variety of names, stating "The names my loved ones call me that I love being called: Andrea. Andrew. Andy. Anderson. Dre. Gibby. Gib. Gibbs. Gibba. Sam. Faye. Pangee."

Gibson has been diagnosed with Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD). They have spoken openly about their experiences with CLD, physical suffering, and difficulty accessing care and treatment. They have worked towards spreading awareness of CLD.

They have undergone chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. They announced a recurrence on 05/31/2023 during We Can Do Hard Things podcast with Glennon Doyle.

Poetry

A four-time Denver Grand Slam Champion, Gibson finished fourth at the 2004 National Poetry Slam, and third at both the 2006 and 2007 Individual World Poetry Slam. In 2008, Gibson became the first poet ever to win the Women of the World Poetry Slam (WOWps) in Detroit.

In 2008, Gibson published their first book, Pole Dancing To Gospel Hymns. This was followed by The Madness Vase and Pansy, all published by Write Bloody Publishing. Gibson has also written and published Take Me With You, a book of quotes and phrases. In 2018, they published Lord of the Butterflies.

The album Yellowbird incorporates music with spoken word. Confronting fear was a theme in poems of the following album, Flower Boy. Gibson also released Truce in 2013, followed by Hey Galaxy in 2018.

Gibson cites Sonya Renee Taylor, Derrick Brown, Anis Mojgani, Patricia Smith, and Mary Oliver as influences. Throughout the year, Gibson tours universities and other venues across the country.

Gibson often performs poems at Button Poetry.

Activism

In addition to using poetry to provide social and political commentary on gender and LGBTQ issues, Gibson is involved with many activist groups, and also performs at Take Back the Night events. For twenty years, Gibson performed with Vox Feminista, a "performance tribe of radical feminists bent on social change through cultural revolution."

In 2013, alongside Kelsey Gibb, Gibson launched the website and support system, Stay Here With Me. The tumblr account for Stay Here With Me presents it as "an interactive, safe space offering collective support while encouraging individual healing to keep those who visit alive today, and wanting to stay alive until tomorrow."

Discography
Bullets and Windchimes (2003)
Swarm (2004)
When the Bough Breaks (2006)
Yellowbird (2009)
Flower Boy (2011)
 Truce (2013)
 Hey Galaxy (2018)

Books
Pole Dancing to Gospel Hymns (2008)
The Madness Vase (2012)
Pansy (2015)
Take Me With You (2018)
Lord of the Butterflies (2018)
How Poetry Can Change Your Heart (2019)
You Better Be Lightning (2021)

Awards and honors
Gibson is a four-time Denver Grand Slam Champion. They placed fourth in the 2004 National Poetry Slam and third in the 2006 and 2007 Individual World Poetry Slam. Gibson was the first person to win the Women of the World Poetry Slam in 2008.

Andrea has also been appointed as Colorado’s Poet Laureate by Governor Jared Polis.

See also

References

External links

 Audio of "Andrew," "For Eli," "See-Through," "Walmart," "Swingset," and "Blue Blanket" (among others) on Indiefeed Performance Poetry Channel
 Video of Andrea Gibson from June 2009 at Da Poetry Lounge in West Hollywood, CA – on Poetry.LA

Living people
Bowdoin College alumni
Saint Joseph's College of Maine alumni
People from Calais, Maine
American spoken word poets
1975 births
Writers from Boulder, Colorado
American LGBT poets
LGBT people from Maine
21st-century American poets
21st-century American LGBT people
Non-binary activists
American non-binary writers


Elliott Harcourt Montgomery (born November 3, 1961), known as Lee Montgomery, is a United States-based Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as a lonely little boy who befriends a pack of killer rats in the film Ben (1972), as Karen Black's son Davey in the cult classic Burnt Offerings, and as Sarah Jessica Parker's hunky dance partner, Jeff Malene, in Girls Just Want to Have Fun (1985).

Hollywood
Brother of actresses Belinda Montgomery and Tannis G. Montgomery, and the son of actor Cecil Montgomery, Lee began his career as a model before venturing into the acting business. He made his debut in the Disney film The Million Dollar Duck in 1971, before landing a starring role in Ben (1972), the sequel to Willard (1971). He played Billy Baker in Baker's Hawk (1976).

Montgomery played a dying boy in the Academy Award-nominated film Pete 'n' Tillie (1972). He made appearances on television series such as The Mod Squad, Columbo, The Streets of San Francisco, Kojak, Adam-12, Emergency!, Marcus Welby, M.D., and The Mary Tyler Moore Show.  He acted in the infamous incest-themed film called The Savage Is Loose (1974), and in the cult horror film Burnt Offerings (1976).

In the 1980s, Montgomery made more cameo appearances in television shows such as CHiPs, Family Ties, Hotel, Fame, and Dallas, and he made a transition to adult roles in films such as Split Image (1982), Night Shadows (aka Mutant) (1984) and Into the Fire (1988). One of his best known later roles was as Phil Grenville in The Midnight Hour (1985). He also played Jeff Malene in the teen comedy Girls Just Want to Have Fun  (1985), where he engages in a notable dance scene with co-star Sarah Jessica Parker. He appeared in a CBS Schoolbreak Special called "Hear Me Cry" (1984).

After Hollywood
Since dropping out of the limelight, Montgomery pursued other interests, such as music related projects. He composed the soundtrack for the film Trigon: The Legend of Pelgidium (2000). Montgomery completely disappeared from public view for more than 20 years. At least part of that time, he was working for a marketing firm. Montgomery resurfaced around 2012, appearing at Monster-Mania Con 25 in 2016 and other horror-themed conventions, signing photos and posing for pictures with fans.

A new on-camera interview with Montgomery is featured on the 2015 re-issue DVD and Blu-ray of Burnt Offerings. In it, he discusses the making of the film, as well as other experiences during his time as an actor. , Montgomery is working as a full-time professional real estate agent in Solvang, California.

Selected filmography
1971: The Million Dollar Duck .... James "Jimmy" Dooley (first film role)
1972: Pete 'n' Tillie.......Robbie Seltzer
1972: Ben .... Daniel "Danny" Garrison
1973: Runaway! (TV movie) .... Mark Shedd
1974: Columbo: Mind Over Mayhem (TV movie) .... Steve Spelberg
1974: The Savage Is Loose .... Young David
1974: Adam-12 (TV Series, 2 Episodes) ....Greg Whitney
1976: Burnt Offerings .... David 'Davey' Rolf
1976: Baker's Hawk .... Billy Baker
1977: Dead of Night (TV movie) .... Bobby
1978: True Grit: A Further Adventure (TV movie) .... Daniel Sumner
1982: The Six of Us (TV movie) .... Sam Benjamin
1982: Split Image .... Walter
1983: Hotel (TV series) .... Eric Stevens
1984: Mutant .... Mike Cameron
1985: Prime Risk .... Michael Fox
1985: Girls Just Want to Have Fun .... Jeff Malene
1985: The Midnight Hour (TV movie) .... Phil Grenville
1988: Into the Fire .... Wade Burnett (final film role).

References

Bibliography
 Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 336-337.

External links

 Lee Montgomery, northernstars.ca; accessed October 15, 2017.

Living people
American real estate businesspeople
American male film actors
Canadian male child actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Male actors from Winnipeg
1961 births


Prades-Salars (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Stage Fright is the 18th Our Gang short subject comedy released. The series (later known as The Little Rascals) was created by Hal Roach in 1922, and continued production until 1944.

Plot
Author Fawn Ochletree (Clara Guiol) stages a charity performance of her latest play, a Romanesque epic. The gang and other neighborhood kids are forced into starring in the play, much to the chagrin of the gang. They are unable to remember their lines, and struggle with maintaining their composure during the more serious moments of the melodrama. Finally, Jackie sets off a slew of firecrackers as the finale, scaring all involved.

Production notes
Stage Fright was remade in 1930 during the sound era as Shivering Shakespeare.

When the television rights for the original silent Pathé Exchange/Our Gang comedies were sold to National Telepix and other distributors, several episodes were retitled. This film was released into TV syndication in 1960 as "Mischief Makers" under the title The School Play. Two-thirds of the original film was included. Deleted scenes from syndication include the dance sequence with Ernie and Farina.

Cast
 Joe Cobb as Joe
 Jackie Condon as Jackie
 Mickey Daniels as Mickey
 Jack Davis as Jack
 Allen Hoskins as Farina
 Mary Kornman as Mary
 Ernie Morrison as Ernie

Additional cast
 Jannie Hoskins as Baby in audience
 Gabe Saienz as Boy at fruit stand
 Andy Samuel as Boy in audience
 Louise Tordera as Irma
 Ray Brooks as Audience Member
 Richard Daniels as Mickey's Father
 William Gillespie as Dalmar El Farov
 Helen Gilmore as Mickey's Mother
 Clara Guiol as Fawn Ochletree
 Jack Hill as Audience Member
 Sam Lufkin as Audience Member
 Charles Stevenson as Tony the Fruit Vendor

External links

1923 films
1923 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Robert F. McGowan
Hal Roach Studios short films
American silent short films
Our Gang films
1923 short films
1920s American films
Silent American comedy films


The Dunnigan Hills AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the Dunnigan Hills, in Yolo County, California.  Located in the northwest portion of Yolo County, the wine region has a Mediterranean climate that is less prone to frost than other parts of the Sacramento Valley.  The largest winery in the Dunnigan Hills is R.H. Phillips, which has a  estate vineyard.

References

Geography of Yolo County, California
American Viticultural Areas of California
American Viticultural Areas
1993 establishments in California


Shock humour is a style of comedy intended to shock the audience. This can be achieved through excessively foul toilet humour, overt sexual themes, mocking of serious themes (otherwise known as black comedy), or through tactlessness in the aftermath of a crisis.

In radio, shock jocks use this brand of humour. In conservative communities, such risque broadcasting can cause controversy, such as Jim Quinn and Don Jefferson's "Stupid Human Tricks" segment of their late-1980s WBZZ-FM show.

Practitioners of shock humour include Andrew Dice Clay, Tom Green, and Eric André. The television shows The Simpsons, The Ren & Stimpy Show, Robot Chicken, South Park, Family Guy, Superjail!, Jackass, Drawn Together, Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt, Rick and Morty, Beavis and Butt-Head and Da Ali G Show have also been described as shock humour.

See also
 Low culture
 Shock value

References

Comedy genres


The Costa Rican Chess Championship is the yearly national chess championship of Costa Rica. The first edition was played in 1927.

List of champions
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Nr !! Year !! Winner
|-
|	1	||	1927	||	Rómulo Salas
|-
|	2	||	1930	||	Juan José Loria
|-
|	3	||	1937	||	Carlos M. Valverde
|-
|	4	||	1938	||	Rosalía Escalante de Serrano
|-
|	5	||	1939	||	Joaquín Gutiérrez
|-
|	6	||	1940	||	Carlos M. Valverde
|-
|	7	||	1941	||	Carlos M. Valverde
|-
|	8	||	1942	||	Carlos M. Valverde
|-
|	9	||	1943	||	Joaquín Gutiérrez
|-
|	10	||	1944	||	Joaquín Gutiérrez
|-
|	11	||	1945	||	Carlos M. Valverde
|-
|	12	||	1946	||	Antonio Rojas
|-
|	13	||	1947	||	Rogelio Sotela
|-
|	14	||	1948	||	Jaime Soley
|-
|	15	||	1949	||	Rogelio Sotela
|-
|	16	||	1950	||	Rogelio Sotela
|-
|	17	||	1951	||	Rogelio Sotela
|-
|	18	||	1952	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	19	||	1953	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	20	||	1954	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	21	||	1955	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	22	||	1956	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	23	||	1957	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	24	||	1958	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	25	||	1959	||	R. Charpentier
|-
|	26	||	1960	||	Pablo Amiguetti
|-
|	27	||	1961	||	José Ma. Soto
|-
|	28	||	1962	||	Walter Field
|-
|	29	||	1963	||	Pablo Amiguetti
|-
|	30	||	1964	||	Samuel Li Chen
|-
|	31	||	1965	||	Fernando Montero
|-
|	32	||	1966	||	Fernando Montero
|-
|	33	||	1968	||	Alfonso Morales
|-
|	34	||	1969	||	Jorge Van der Laat
|-
|	35	||	1970	||	Fernando Aguilar
|-
|	36	||	1971	||	Fernando Aguilar
|-
|	37	||	1972	||	Juan Leon Jimenez Molina
|-
|	38	||	1973	||	Jaime Vaglio Muñoz
|-
|	39	||	1974	||	Fernando Montero
|-
|	40	||	1975	||	Juan Leon Jimenez Molina
|-
|	41	||	1976	||	Jaime Vaglio Muñoz
|-
|	42	||	1977	||	Juan Leon Jimenez Molina
|-
|	43	||	1978	||	Juan Leon Jimenez Molina
|-
|	44	||	1979	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	45	||	1980	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	46	||	1981	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	47	||	1982	||	Eduardo Piza
|-
|	48	||	1983	||	Alexis Vargas
|-
|	49	||	1984	||	Francis Mayland
|-
|	50	||	1985	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	51	||	1986	||	Jaime Vaglio Muñoz
|-
|	52	||	1987	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	53	||	1989	||	William Charpentier
|-
|	54	||	1990	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	55	||	1991	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	56	||	1992	||	Sergio Minero Pineda
|-
|	57	||	1993	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	58	||	1994	||	Alexis Murillo Tsijli
|-
|	59	||	1995	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	60	||	1996	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	61	||	1997	||	Alexis Murillo Tsijli
|-
|	62	||	1998	||	Leonardo Valdés
|-
|	63	||	1999	||	Sergio Minero Pineda
|-
|	64	||	2000	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	65	||	2001	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	66	||	2002	||	Leonardo Valdés
|-
|	67	||	2003	||	Manuel Bernal González
|-
|	68	||	2004	||	Sergio Minero Pineda
|-
|	69	||	2005	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	70	||	2006	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	71	||	2007	||	Leonardo Valdés
|-
|	72	||	2008	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	73	||	2009	||	Mauricio Arias Santana
|-
|	74	||	2010	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	75	||	2011	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	76	||	2012	||	Leonardo Valdés
|-
|	77	||	2013	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|	78	||	2014	||	Alexis Murillo Tsijli
|-
|	79	||	2015	||	Sergio Minero Pineda
|-
|	80	||	2016	||	Bernal González Acosta
|-
|   81  ||  2017    ||  Sergio Durán
|-
|   84  ||  2020    ||  Sergio Minero Pineda
|}

List of women's champions

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Nr !! Year !! Winner
|-
|	1	||	1938    ||	Rosalía Escalante de Serrano
|-
|	2	||	1977	||	Emma Hernández
|-
|	3	||	1990	||	Laura Granados on tiebreak match (2.5–1.5) over Silvia Arroyo
|-
|	4	||	1991	||	Laura Granados
|-
|	5	||	1992	||	Natalia Chaves
|-
|	6	||	1993	||	Karla Ramírez on tiebreak match (2–0) over Adela Navarro
|-
|	7	||	1994	||	Meylin Villegas Loaiza
|-
|		||	1995	||	cancelled
|-
|	8	||	1996	||	Karla Ramírez
|-
|	9	||	1997	||	Meylin Villegas Loaiza
|-
|	10	||	1998	||	Meylin Villegas Loaiza
|-
|	11	||	1999	||	Meylin Villegas Loaiza
|-
|    	||	2001	||	Carolina Muñoz
|-
|       ||  2002    ||  Sofia Lowski
|}

References

Sources
Lists of champions: ,
Full results from The Week in Chess: TWIC77 (1996), TWIC254 (1999), TWIC294 (2000), TWIC451 (2003), TWIC507 (2004), TWIC559 (2005)
La Nacion, Jan 24, 2017:

Chess national championships
Women's chess national championships
Championship
1927 in chess
Recurring sporting events established in 1927
1927 establishments in Costa Rica


Robert Platt (11 November 1802 – 13 June 1882) was born in Stalybridge, Cheshire, the son of cotton manufacturer George Platt and his wife Sarah. He was educated in Chester, and entered the family firm as a clerk and manager at the Bridge Street Mill, Stalybridge. On the death of his father in 1831 he assumed sole control of the business. In 1839 he married Margaret Higgins of Salford, daughter of William Higgins. in 1839. He expanded his business by the extension of the Bridge Street Mills and the construction of Quarry Street Mills. After acquiring Albion Mills, Platt moved to "Woodlands" on Mottram Road, Stalybridge.

Platt was well known for philanthropic activities in Stalybridge and Manchester, being a patron of the arts, a supporter of the Stalybridge Mechanics Institute and local churches. In December 1857 Platt and his wife were honoured by their workforce with a tea party and presentation at Foresters' Hall. His other charitable work included bequests to Chester Cathedral and donations to Owens College. A portrait of Robert Platt is today in the possession of the University of Manchester

His best known act of philanthropy was the gift of the Stalybridge Public Baths to the town, which opened on 7 May 1870. On 6 February 1871 a pair of sculptures by the artist John Warrington Wood were unveiled at the baths. The white marble busts of Mr and Mrs Platt cost £200 and were funded by public subscription from the inhabitants of Stalybridge. Accepting them on behalf of the town for placement in the Public Baths given to the town by the Platts, the Mayor stated that they were "beautiful models of the generous donors." Alderman Kirk said that although they were "very good specimens of art" the bust of Mrs Platt was perhaps "not so good a likeness as the other, but taking them together they did very great credit to the sculptor."

Robert Platt acquired a house at "Dean Water" in Woodford, Cheshire. He was granted arms by the College of Arms. His arms are described:
BLAZON: Per fesse dancettee Argent and Gules a pale and three frets, one and two, countercharged
CREST: A demi wolf Gules, semee of plates, armed and langued Azure holding in the dexter paw a wreath Argent and Gules
MOTTO: Labitur et labetur

Today, the Platts are commemorated by a blue plaque at "Woodlands". and the marble busts are in the possession of the Astley Cheetham Art Gallery.

References

1802 births
1882 deaths
English philanthropists
People from Stalybridge
19th-century British philanthropists


In symbolic dynamics and related branches of mathematics, a shift space or subshift is a set of infinite words that represent the evolution of a discrete system. In fact, shift spaces and symbolic dynamical systems are often considered synonyms. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type and the sofic shifts.

In the classical framework a shift space is any subset  of , where  is a finite set, which is closed for the Tychonov topology and invariant by translations. More generally one can define a shift space as the closed and translation-invariant subsets of , where  is any non-empty set and  is any monoid.

Definition
Let  be a monoid, and given , denote the operation of  with  by the product . Let  denote the identity of . Consider a non-empty set  (an alphabet) with the discrete topology, and define  as the set of all patterns over  indexed by . For  and a subset , we denote the restriction of  to the indices of  as .

On , we consider the prodiscrete topology, which makes  a Hausdorff and totally disconnected topological space. In the case of  being finite, it follows that  is compact. However, if  is not finite, then  is not even locally compact.

This topology will be metrizable if and only if  is countable, and, in any case, the base of this topology consists of a collection of open/closed sets (called cylinders), defined as follows: given a finite set of indices , and for each , let . The cylinder given by  and  is the set

When , we denote the cylinder fixing the symbol  at the entry indexed by  simply as .

In other words, a cylinder  is the set of all set of all infinite patterns of  which contain the finite pattern .

Given , the g-shift map on  is denoted by  and defined as
 .

A shift space over the alphabet  is a set  that is closed under the topology of  and invariant under translations, i.e.,  for all . We consider in the shift space  the induced topology from , which has as basic open sets the cylinders .

For each , define , and . An equivalent way to define a shift space is to take a set of forbidden patterns  and define a shift space as the set

Intuitively, a shift space  is the set of all infinite patterns that do not contain any forbidden finite pattern of .

 Language of shift space
Given a shift space  and a finite set of indices , let , where  stands for the empty word, and for  let
 be the set of all finite configurations of  that appear in some sequence of , i.e.,

Note that, since  is a shift space, if  is a translation of , i.e.,  for some , then  if and only if there exists  such that  if . In other words,  and  contain the same configurations modulo translation. We will call the set

the language of . In the general context stated here, the language of a shift space has not the same mean of that in Formal Language Theory, but in the classical framework which considers the alphabet  being finite, and  being  or  with the usual addition, the language of a shift space is a formal language.

 Classical framework
The classical framework for shift spaces consists of considering the alphabet  as finite, and  as the set of non-negative integers () with the usual addition, or the set of all integers () with the usual addition. In both cases, the identity element  corresponds to the number 0. Furthermore, when , since all  can be generated from the number 1, it is sufficient to consider a unique shift map given by  for all . On the other hand, for the case of , since all  can be generated from the numbers {-1, 1}, it is sufficient to consider two shift maps given for all  by  and by .

Furthermore, whenever  is  or  with the usual addition (independently of the cardinality of  ), due to its algebraic structure, it is sufficient consider only cylinders in the form

Moreover, the language of a shift space   will be given by

where  and  stands for the empty word, and

In the same way, for the particular case of , it follows that to define a shift space  we do not need to specify the index of  on which the forbidden words of  are defined, that is, we can just consider   and then

However, if , if we define a shift space  as above, without to specify the index of where the words are forbidden, then we will just capture shift spaces which are invariant through the shift map, that is,  such that . In fact, to define a shift space  such that  it will be necessary to specify from which index on the words of  are forbidden.

In particular, in the classical framework of  being finite, and  being ) or  with the usual addition, it follows that  is finite if and only if  is finite, which leds to classical definition of a shift of finite type as those shift spaces  such that  for some finite .

 Some types of shift spaces
Among several types of shift spaces, the most widely studied are the shifts of finite type and the sofic shifts.

In the case when the alphabet  is finite, a shift space  is a shift of finite type if we can take a finite set of forbidden patterns  such that , and  is a sofic shift if it is the image of a shift of finite type under sliding block code (that is, a map  that is continuous and invariant for all -shift maps ). If  is finite and  is  or  with the usual addition, then the shift  is a sofic shift if and only if  is a regular language.

The name "sofic" was coined by , based on the Hebrew word סופי meaning "finite", to refer to the fact that this is a generalization of a finiteness property.

When  is infinite, it is possible to define shifts of finite type as shift spaces  for those one can take a set  of forbidden words such that

is finite and . In this context of infinite alphabet, a sofic shift will be defined as the image of a shift of finite type under a particular class of sliding block codes. Both, the finiteness of  and the additional conditions the sliding block codes, are trivially satisfied whenever  is finite.

 Topological dynamical systems on shift spaces
Shift spaces are the topological spaces on which symbolic dynamical systems are usually defined.

Given a shift space  and a -shift map  it follows that the pair  is a topological dynamical system.

Two shift spaces   and   are said to be topologically cojugate (or simply conjugate) if for each -shift map it follows that the topological dynamical systems  and  are topologically cojugate, that is, if there exists a continuous map  such that  . Such maps are known as generalized sliding block codes or just as sliding block codes whenever  is uniformly continuous.

Although any continuous map  from  to itself will define a topological dynamical system , in symbolic dynamics it is usual to consider only continuous maps  which commute with all -shift maps, i. e., maps which are generalized sliding block codes. The dynamical system  is known as a 'generalized cellular automaton' (or just as a cellular automaton whenever  is uniformly continuous).

Examples
The first trivial example of shift space (of finite type) is the full shift .

Let . The set of all infinite words over A containing at most one b is a sofic subshift, not of finite type. The set of all infinite words over A whose b form blocks of prime length is not sofic (this can be shown by using the pumping lemma).

The space of infinite strings in two letters,  is called the Bernoulli process.  It is isomorphic to the Cantor set.

The bi-infinite space of strings in two letters,  is commonly known as the Baker's map, or rather is homomorphic to the Baker's map.

See also
 Tent map
 Bit shift map
 Gray code

Footnotes

References

Further reading

Symbolic dynamics
Dynamical systems
Combinatorics on words


The Tornado outbreak of November 23–24, 2001 was a fall tornado outbreak which affected portions of the southern United States from Arkansas to Alabama on November 23–24, 2001, with additional tornadoes recorded in Louisiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana and Georgia. Recorded as one of the most intense November outbreaks ever across that area, tornadoes from the event killed at least 13 across three states including 4 in Alabama, four in Arkansas and five in Mississippi.

Meteorological synopsis

A low-pressure system was situated, just after 5 AM on November 24, near Kansas City, Missouri. Its associated cold front traversed much of the outbreak-affected area with several supercells forming ahead of the front.  Rich moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cold air aloft and wind shear provided the ingredients from a significant severe weather outbreak.

Supercells formed late across much of Arkansas and Mississippi during the evening hours of November 23 up into the early morning hours of November 24 produced several tornadoes including two F4 Mississippi tornadoes across Washington and Bolivar Counties at around 2 AM and in Madison County near the city of Madison at around 5 AM. The second tornado killed at least 2 (including a newborn baby) and injured 21. Another tornado in Mississippi, an F2, struck Quitman, Panola and Tate Counties just after 3 AM and killed at least three. In Arkansas, four people were killed by two separate tornadoes including three in Ashley County from a single tornado that moved from Louisiana.

Activity shifted into Alabama during midday on November 24 where numerous supercells traveled across the Birmingham coverage area. There were at least, according to the National Weather Service in Birmingham, 13 supercells that produced tornadoes including an F4 tornado that traversed Blount and Etowah Counties just after 1:00 PM. Activity ceased just after midnight with the final tornadoes touching down across Alabama in Dale County. In Alabama alone, 4 people were killed by two separate tornadoes including 2 from an F3 that moved from Pickens County northeastward and north of Birmingham and Tuscaloosa towards Walker County. Another tornado killed 2 in Cherokee County in the northeastern part of the state.

Confirmed tornadoes

November 23 event

November 24 event

See also

List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
Tornadoes of 2001

References

External links
 NWS Birmingham Tornado Outbreak page
 NWS Jackson, Mississippi, Tornado Outbreak page
 November 2001 Arkansas Severe Weather

F4 tornadoes
11-23
Tornadoes in Alabama
Tornadoes in Arkansas
Tornadoes in Louisiana
Tornadoes in Mississippi
Tornado, 11-23
Tornado, 23


Ripponden and Barkisland railway station was opened by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on the Rishworth branch in 1878 as Ripponden. Ripponden is in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. Its name was changed to Ripponden and Barkisland on 1 December 1891. The Lancashire and Yorkshire railway was absorbed by the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922, which became one of the constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on grouping in 1923. The latter company closed the station to passengers on 8 July 1929 and British Railways ceased goods traffic in 1958 after which the line was dismantled.

The branch connected  to the north with the terminus  to the south.

References

External links
 Information about the Rishworth branch from Railway Ramblers
 Ripponden and Barkisland station on navigable 1947 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Calderdale
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1878
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1929
railway station


The Dutch–Scandinavian Economic Pact of 30 September 1930 was an economic agreement between the governments of the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The agreement was designed to coordinate tariff policies and promote trade. The pact was a reaction on the growing economic crisis of the early thirties of the twentieth century.

See also
 Great Depression
 Oslo Agreements (1930)

Sources
 Nordic Trade Policy in the 1930s
 Barry Eichengreena and Douglas A. Irwin, Trade blocs, currency blocs and the reorientation of world trade in the 1930s, Journal of International Economics, Volume 38, Issues 1–2, February 1995, Pages 1–24

Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Sweden
Free trade agreements
1930 in Denmark
Interwar-period treaties
1930 in Norway
Treaties concluded in 1930
Treaties of the Netherlands
Denmark–Netherlands relations
Netherlands–Norway relations
Netherlands–Sweden relations
1930 in the Netherlands
1930 in Sweden


Salt box may refer to:

 Saltbox house, an architectural style popularized in New England.
 Saltbox, a lidded wooden box formerly for storing salt; also a little used term for a salt cellar — a serving container for salt.
 Baltimore salt box, a yellow, lidded wooden box placed on Baltimore streets in winter to provide road salt for residents to spread.
 The Salt Box, a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument destroyed by fire in 1969.


Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt (11 July 1722 – 21 June 1782) was a Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was born in Darmstadt.

He was the second son of Landgrave Louis VIII and Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna of Hanau-Lichtenberg. From 1738 till his death, he commanded an army-regiment of his land. In the 1740s, he also commanded a Prussian regiment. He reached the rank of general of the cavalry. He was the official military adviser to his father, but had a strong rival in his older brother Louis IX, who followed his friend's example, the soldier-king Frederick II of Prussia and expanded Pirmasens as a garrison town.

In 1748, he married Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg. Through this marriage, he acquired the estates of Broich, Oberstein, Aspermont, Burgel, and Reipolzkirchen.  He and Maria had nine children.

In 1764, George William received Old Palace in Darmstadt and the associated pleasure garden as a gift from his father, who had always favoured him above his brother Louis. George William had the palace with the White Tower expanded. He represented the reigning family in Darmstadt, as his brother stayed mostly in Pirmasens.

Issue

Ancestry

References

 Johann Friedrich Schannat: Eiflia Illustrata... S. 515
 Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther:  Darmstadt wie es war und wie es geworden S. 187

External links

1722 births
1782 deaths
Princes of Hesse-Darmstadt
Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt
Nobility from Darmstadt
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
Sons of monarchs


The Diocese of Kielce () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Kielce in the Ecclesiastical province of Kraków in Poland.

Its Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kielce is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

History
 1805: Established as Diocese of Kielce from the Diocese of Kraków
 1818: Suppressed
 December 28, 1882: Restored as Diocese of Kielce

Special churches

Minor Basilicas:
 Bazylika Grobu Bożego, Miechów
 Bazylika Matki Bożej Anielskiej, Dąbrowa Górnicza
 Bazylika Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, Wiślica (Basilica of the Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary)

Bishops
 Bishop Wojciech Górski (1805.06.26 – 1818.02.01)
 Bishop Tomasz Teofil Kuliński (1883.03.15 – 1907.01.08)
 Bishop Augustyn Łosiński (1910.04.26 – 1937.03.03)
 Bishop Czesław Kaczmarek (1938.05.24 – 1963.08.26)
 Bishop Jan Jaroszewicz (1967.03.20 – 1980.04.17)
 Bishop Stanisław Szymecki (1981.03.27 – 1993.05.15), appointed Archbishop of Białystok
 Bishop Kazimierz Ryczan (1993.07.17 – 2014.10.11)
 Bishop Jan Piotrowski (since 2014.10.11)

Auxiliary Bishops
Marian Florczyk (1998-)
Jan Gurda (1972-1993)
Kazimierz Gurda (2004-2014), appointed Bishop of Siedlce
Jan Jaroszewicz (1957-1967), appointed Bishop here
Mieczyslaw Jaworski (1982-2001)
Andrzej Kaleta (2017-)
Tomasz Teofil Kuliński (1872-1883), appointed Bishop here
Edward Henryk Materski (1968-1981), appointed Bishop of Sandomierz
Edward Jan Muszyński (1960-1968)
Piotr Skucha (1986-1992), appointed auxiliary bishop of Sosnowiec
Szczepan (Stefano) Sobalkowski (1957-1958)
Franciszek Sonik (1935-1957)

Another priest of this diocese who became bishop
Henryk Mieczysław Jagodziński, appointed nuncio and titular archbishop in 2020

Reports of Sexual Abuse
In May 2019, a documentary called Tell No One was released featuring a priest identified as Jan A., who served the Diocese in the town Topola, who confessed to molesting young girls. Officials in the Diocese had previously investigated claims made against Jan A. and sent collected evidence to the Vatican in January 2019.

See also
Roman Catholicism in Poland
The Lesser Polish Way

References

Sources

 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
Religious organizations established in 1882
Kielce
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century
1805 establishments in the Austrian Empire


Lingula reevii is an inarticulated brachiopod species assigned to the family Lingulidae. L. reevii is rare and is known to occur in shallow, sandy reef flats in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, as well as in Japan, and Ambon, Indonesia.

Description
The shell is oblong oval, broadest in the middle, and rather narrow. The sides are very gently curved outwardly; the posterior edge tapers to a sharp point. The shell valves are moderately convex with a smooth surface. Color is blue-green or emerald and verdigris-green, especially along the middle. The lophophore consists of a fold of the body wall that possesses a crown of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth. The lateral cilia create a water current and fine plankton are transported down the tentacles to the brachial groove and into the mouth. It is ammonotelic.

Ecology
L. reevii is a filter-feeding invertebrate that burrows vertically in sandy sediment, leaving a three-hole siphonal opening at the surface. When disturbed, a rapid contraction of the pedicle pulls the animal below the surface and the siphonal openings are reduced to a slit. This species is capable of upward burrowing through a sediment layer, even if the animal has to autotomize (detach) the pedicle.

Reproduction
Lingula has separate sexes, and gametes are shed into the water column for external fertilization. Embryos develop into a free swimming larva that looks like a tiny adult; they develop a shell while planktonic. As additional shell material is laid down, the animal becomes heavy, sinks to the bottom, and takes up its adult existence. There is no metamorphosis in Lingula. The lifespan of Lingula spp. is estimated to be 5 to 8 years.

Threats and conservation
The species has declined in density from 500 per square meter in the 1960s to a maximum of 4 per square meter. The main threats are: 1) habitat degradation and alteration; 2) overexploitation; 3) marine pollution and sedimentation; 4) a vulnerable life history; and 5) a limited distribution.

Lingula reevii is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern. Species of Concern are those species about which the U.S. Government’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

References

External links
Introduction to Lingulata University of California Museum of Paleontology

Lingulata
Invertebrates of Hawaii
Animals described in 1880


Electrical or fiber-optic connectors used by U.S. Department of Defense were originally developed in the 1930s for severe aeronautical and tactical service applications, and the Type "AN" (Army-Navy) series set the standard for modern military circular connectors. These connectors, and their evolutionary derivatives, are often called Military Standard, "MIL-STD", or (informally) "MIL-SPEC" or sometimes "MS" connectors. They are now used in aerospace, industrial, marine, and even automotive commercial applications.

Characteristics
Connectors usually consist of (i) a mating pair (plug and receptacle) each equipped with male (pin) or female (socket) contacts; note that at least one of the connector halves, or its contacts, should be floating to minimize mechanical stresses.

Electrical connector contacts are typically beryllium copper (BeCu) or phosphor bronze which is then plated with gold or some other non-corrosive, highly-conductive metal. The contacts are contained by a dielectric insulator (typically a layered construct of various polymers or glass depending upon connector series and manufacturer, and often known as the insert) and are housed in an enclosure (i.e., shell), that is often aluminum and plated or anodized for corrosion protection. The contacts may be captive or removable using a special tool. The electrical connection into the system at the contact terminal is either a soldered or crimped connection. The seal between the shell and insert may be moisture resistant or a hermetic seal. The inserts in each connector half must be oriented for correct mating, and the shell or insert usually contains a keying feature to prevent mis-mating that could damage the connector or result in an electrical problem. Cable clamps and other mounting hardware may be provided, and the mated halves are usually secured by a locking mechanism to prevent disengagements.
Fiber optic connectors are typically plugs or so-called male connectors with a protruding ferrule that holds the fibers and aligns two fibers for mating. They use a mating adapter to mate the two connectors that fits the securing mechanism of the connectors (bayonet, screw-on or snap-in.) A primary specification issue for fiber optic connectors is insertion loss, i.e., the amount of light lost in the connection expressed in dB.

Electrical connectors
MIL-DTL-5015 (formerly MIL-C-5015) describes threaded circular connectors with solderable or crimped contacts for commercial and military use. They are commonly used for electronics, electrical power, and control circuits, owing to their versatility, reliability, and ease of supply. MIL-DTL-5015 products are divided into four series, and many classes of connectors are available for a broad range of applications. Connectors rated for  up to  are available.  There are around 160 insert arrangements provided in MIL-STD-1651, with up to 81 pins. The basis for MIL-DTL-5015 emerged in the 1930s, but it has now been officially superseded by SAE-AS50151.
MIL-DTL-12520 (formerly MIL-C-12520) describes the general requirements for a series of centerlock screw coupling, waterproof, polarized, multicontact connectors and accessories for inter-connection of power and control circuits on electronic equipment that are intended primarily for ground or shore use. Resistant to contamination of dust, dirt, and water, these harsh environment connectors also provide the resistance to shock and vibration via the center-locking screw, which is easily secured by turning the mechanized fold-down, wing-blade handle. The insert arrangements are provided in the specification.
MIL-DTL-22992 (formerly MIL-C-22992) describes multi-contact, heavy duty, quick disconnect, waterproof, electrical plug and receptacle connectors and associated accessories for electronic and electrical power and control circuits. The connectors are rated for −55 to +125 °C. These connectors are intended for use as follows: (i) Class C connectors are intended for external interconnection use on vans, shelters, trailers, buildings and heavy duty applications; (ii) Class J connectors are used in Class C applications where a wire support grommet is necessary; (iii) Class L connectors are intended for power connections from 40 to 200 amperes where heavy duty, waterproof and arc quenching ability are required; and (iv) Class R connectors are used as general purpose heavy-duty connectors where pressurization and arc quenching ability are not required.  The insert arrangements are provided in MIL-STD-1651, with additional arrangement for high-current applications provided in the associated MS sheets.

MIL-DTL-24308 (formerly MIL-C-24308 and MIL-PRF-24308) describes non-environmental, polarized shell, miniature, rack and panel connectors having pin and socket, crimp (removable), solder (non-removable), or insulation displacement (non-removable) contacts with rigid or float mounting, designed for −55 °C to +125 °C operating temperature range. Also called  D-subminiature or D-sub connectors, they are designed primarily for applications where space and weight are of major importance while accommodating a large number of circuits in proportion to their size which makes them well suited for aircraft, missiles and related ground support systems. Although MIL-DTL-24308 connectors are primarily designed for rack and panel applications, these connectors can also be adapted for other cabling requirements by addition of accessories and integral clamps. These connectors are intended for general military use as follows: (i) Classes G and N connectors are intended for use in applications where the operating temperature range of −55° to +125 °C is experienced; Class N connectors are used in applications where the presence of residual magnetism must be held to low levels; (iii) Class H receptacles are used where atmospheric pressures must be contained across the wall or panels on which the connectors are mounted; and (iv) Classes D, K, and M connectors are for high-reliability space applications.  The insert arrangements are provided in the specification.
MIL-DTL-26482 (formerly MIL-C-26482) describes the general requirements for two series of environment resisting, quick disconnect, miniature, circular electrical connectors (and accessories). Each series includes hermetic receptacles. The two series of connectors are intermateable when using power contacts and are not intermateable when using shielded contacts. The various connector classes and types include: (i) Classes E, F, J, and P connectors are used in environment-resisting applications with an operating temperature range of −55 to +125 °C (-67 to +257 °F); and (ii) Class H receptacles are used applications wherein pressures must be contained across the walls or panels on which the connector is mounted. Many applications for this connector deviate from the official military specification; for an example, a robust metallic shell based on the MIL-DTL-26482 design supports the use of Ethernet 10/100/1000BaseT data communications networks in harsh environments while maintaining compatibility with IEC 60603-7-7 requirements. MIL-DTL-26482 include two series of circular connectors: Series I includes MS3110, MS3111, MS3112, MS3114 and MS3116 connectors, while Series II includes MS3470, MS3474, MS3475 and MS3476 connectors.  The insert arrangements are provided in MIL-STD-1669.

MIL-DTL-32139 describes nanominiature connectors terminated on printed circuit boards or attached to cable assemblies. These connector's contacts are densely packed with 0.64 mm (0.025 inch) spacing between contact centers in the same row. These connectors are intended for interconnections on printed wiring board (PWB), PWB-to-cable, cable-to-panel, or cable-to-cable on miniaturized equipment sub-assemblies with low power requirements. The connectors are militarily unique because of requirements to operate satisfactorily under sinusoidal vibrations of 10-to-2000 Hz at up to 20 g's, to withstand 48-hours of salt spray without exposure of base metals affecting performance or causing pitting/porosity of the finish; to withstand 100 g's of shock with no electrical discontinuity; and to operate at temperatures of −55 to +125 °C.  The insert arrangements are provided in the associated specification sheets.
MIL-DTL-38999 (formerly MIL-C-38999) describes four series of miniature, high density, bayonet, threaded, or breech coupling, circular, environment resistant, electrical connectors using removable crimp or fixed solder contacts, and are capable of operation within a temperature range of −65 to +200 °C. The connectors are intended for use as follows: (i) Series I connectors are used where a quick disconnect coupling system is required for blind mating or other mating problem areas, and these connectors provide high-vibration characteristics and are suitable for severe wind and moisture problem (SWAMP) areas with proper connector accessories; (ii) Series II connectors are used where the connector is not subjected to high vibration or SWAMP areas and where space or weight is at a premium due to their lower profile; (iii) Series III connectors are suitable for blind mating areas, and provide high-vibration characteristics at elevated temperature and are suitable for SWAMP areas with the proper connector accessories; and (iv) Series IV connectors are used where a quick disconnect coupling system is required for blind mating or other mating problem areas, and these connectors provide high-vibration characteristics and are suitable for SWAMP areas with the proper connector accessories. These connectors are lightweight, coupled by a Breech Lok mechanism, and are all scoop proof with the exception of series II which are non-scoop-proof. The insert arrangements are provided in MIL-STD-1560.

 MIL-DTL-55116, Miniature Audio, Five-Pin and Six-Pin connectors used on radios and fill devices.
 MIL-DTL-83513 (formerly MIL-C-83513) describes polarized shell, micro-miniature, rectangular electrical connectors with solder or non-removable crimp contacts. The connector meets demanding applications and harsh environments and it is mechanically robust and durable, with low contact resistance, high current capability and high dielectric strength, and it has an excellent resistance to shock and vibration, while offering a high pin density, small size and lightweight body. Often referred to as a Micro-D connector system, the connector is suited to a multitude of systems where weight, miniaturization or signal transmission integrity are paramount, such as missiles and their guidance systems, aerospace avionics, radars, shoulder-launched weapon systems, advanced soldier technology systems, military Global Positioning Systems, satellites, medical devices and down-hole drilling tools. The insert arrangements are provided in the associated specification sheets. The Micro-D form factor has become so popular among engineers and systems designers that many manufacturers have begun to offer high speed (up to 10Gbit/s) and modular versions of the connector.
 MIL-DTL-83527, (formerly DoD-C-83527 and MIL-C-83527) describes the requirements, quality assurance criteria and test procedures for the design and fabrication of an environment resisting low insertion force, multiple insert rectangular connector used in the electrical/electronic bay areas of military aircraft. The connector provides the electrical interface between the avionics equipment and the equipment rack or tray. These connectors are military unique because they must operate satisfactory at high altitude 50,000 feet (15.2 km), endure 500 hours of salt spray, vibration testing (functional and endurance), shock (30 g's), and temperatures from −65 to +125 °C. These connectors must be used in conjunction with DoD-STD-1842 which describes the insert arrangements for use with MIL-DTL-83527 Rack-to-Panel connectors.  The insert arrangements are provided in DOD-STD-1842.

 MIL-DTL-83538, (formerly MIL-C-83538) describes connectors and accessories, electrical, circular, umbilical. The connector assembly provides the necessary connections required to meet a MIL-STD-1760, Class I electrical interface between stores and their associated launchers using a "blind mating" mechanism. The connector assembly consists of a receptacle installed on the launcher, a receptacle installed on the store, and a buffer plug installed between the two receptacles. This specification also includes the required mounting adapters and nut, accessory adapter, cable bushing, and protective covers. This connector assembly provides the transfer of MIL-STD-1760 interface class I electrical signals and power between an aircraft (or ground vehicle) mounted launcher and an associated store. This connector is military unique because it is intended to be used on rail and eject launchers where engagement/disengagement of the launcher receptacle (with attached buffer plug) to the store receptacle will be via a blindmate mechanical mechanism; whereas no known commercially equivalent substitute is available.  The insert arrangement is 25-20 of MIL-STD-1560.

Fiber optic connectors
MIL-C-83522 is a military specification describing the characteristics, performance and testing criteria for single terminus fiber-optic connectors. The specification covers families of both bulkhead and cable termination configurations. The connectors must have consistent optical performance, and must be supplied under a MIL-STD-790 reliability assurance program.  Statistical process control (SPC) techniques are required in the manufacturing process to minimize variation in the final product. These connectors are intended for use in fixed plant locations, tactical, aerospace and spaceflight avionics, shipboard, ground vehicle, and other specialized military applications.
MIL-DTL-83526, (formerly MIL-C-83526) is a military specification describing the characteristics, performance and testing criteria for an environmental resistant, hermaphroditic interface, fiber-optic circular connector. The connectors covered have a consistent and predictable optical performance using low loss optical fiber cables in military, ground-based, fiber-optic data transmission systems, and are sufficiently rugged to withstand military field applications. This specification includes expanded-beam fiber-optic connectors.

Additional connectors
Selection of connector alternatives that are not defined by military specifications (MIL-C or MIL-DTL) can use either designated performance specifications (MIL-PRF) issued by the Department of Defense (DoD) or by using Commercial Item Descriptions (CID) issued by the  General Services Administration (GSA) pursuant to DoD 4120.24-M, or by using standards developed by nationally and internationally recognized technical, professional, and industry associations and societies, collectively referred to as "Non-Government Standards Bodies" (NGSBs).

Performance Specifications: These connector specifications are intended to describe product that is essentially the same quality previously defined by familiar military specifications and built under the DoD's Qualified Manufacturer List (QML) product/supplier controlled system rather than the more-stringent Qualified Product Line (QPL) system.

MIL-PRF-29504 (formerly MIL-T-29504) is a performance specification describing the general requirements for removable crimp and epoxy type fiber-optic termini for use in connectors and similar components. These termini are unique for military applications and must operate satisfactorily in systems under demanding conditions of 10 g's vibration (10 g's), shock (over 1000 g's), and temperature excursions (from −40 °C to +70 °C).
MIL-PRF-28876 (formerly MIL-C-28876) is a performance specification describing for circular, plug and receptacle style, multiple removable termini, fiber-optic connectors that are for DoD applications and that are compatible with multiple transmission element cables. This specification describes a family of general purpose, interconnection hardware providing a variety of compatible optical coupling arrangements, and includes connector shells, connector inserts, connector insert retention nuts, connector backshells, and connector dust caps. These connectors are unique for military applications and must operate satisfactorily in systems under demanding conditions of 10 g's vibration (10 g's), shock (over 1000 g's), and temperature excursions (from −40 °C to +70 °C).
MIL-PRF-39012 (formerly MIL-C-39012) is a performance specification describing the general requirements and tests for Radio Frequency (RF) connectors used with flexible RF cables and certain other types of coaxial transmission lines.
MIL-PRF-31031 (formerly MIL-C-31031) is a performance specification describing the general requirements and tests for RF connectors used with flexible cables and certain other types of coaxial transmission lines.
MIL-PRF-49142 (formerly MIL-C-49142) is a performance specification describing the general requirements and tests for RF, triaxial, connectors. These connectors and fittings are intended for use with biaxial cable and can be used for RF applications when more shielding is required, and they can also be used for serial digital transfer.
MIL-PRF-64266 is a performance specification describing the performance requirements for circular, plug and receptacle style, multiple removable genderless termini, fiber optic connectors for DoD applications—including aerospace and maritime—and that are compatible with multiple transmission element cables. These fiber optic connectors cover a family of general purpose, interconnection hardware providing a variety of compatible optical coupling arrangements, including connector shells, connector inserts, connector backshells, connector backshell accessories, and connector dust caps. All connector styles are designed to assure proper orientation of the mating halves prior to mating, and provide engagement between mated shells prior to terminus engagement and have the termini so located as to be protected from handling damage. The plug and receptacle styles permit straight, wall (panel) mounted, jamnut mounted, right angle and other connector configurations.

Commercial Item Descriptions (CID): CIDs are specifications describing products that are defined by the connector manufacturer's specification versus a military specification. These products may not be suitable for environmentally severe or critical, communication or tactical military applications; however the items may be an acceptable cost effective choice in less demanding military or commercial applications.

References

Electrical connectors
Military of the United States standards


Off-Road Velociraptor Safari is a free downloadable vehicle combat video game released on January 29, 2008 by Flashbang Studios. The game requires the Unity plug-in to run, and can be downloaded from the developers' website. Players assume the role of a Velociraptor wearing a pith helmet and monocle, driving a jeep with a spiked flail attached, and must accrue as many points as possible in a four-minute period by performing stunts and running down other Velociraptor. Each time a Velociraptor is struck, the game's speed is reduced to slow motion and its catapulted body becomes the focus of the in-game camera. The game operates a global highscore, after each game the player is given a rank for that day and a separate rank compared to the highest ever scores, along with a breakdown of the bonuses they were awarded during play.

The game was developed over a period of eight weeks by a small team of developers, using the Unity game engine. The idea was originally drawn onto a whiteboard, after the drawing remained in the developer's office for a few days it was decided that it would be the next project undertaken by the team. Off-Road Velociraptor Safari received positive reviews from gaming websites for its macabre humor and gameplay, though it was noted that the game had not been fully optimized on release, causing the game to run slowly on less modern machines.

A sequel (working title "Off-Road Velociraptor Safari HD") was in development, but the project was put to rest in 2010.

Gameplay
Players control a monocle- and pith helmet–wearing Velociraptor driving a jeep. The aim of the game is to attain a high score by performing stunts, damaging the jeep during collisions, collecting orbs, and killing the other Velociraptor which run around the area. The vehicle is equipped with a spiked ball and chain which can be deployed from the tailgate as many times as the player wishes. Deploying the spiked ball increases the difficulty of maneuvering the vehicle. The ball can be released from the chain at any time, if done so during a turn the weapon is launched forward. Players kill other Velociraptor by ramming them with the jeep or crushing them with the spiked ball which is dragged behind the vehicle. Slain dinosaurs can be dragged to exporters by the spiked ball and chain to gain extra points. Exporters are teleporting devices which transport the slain dinosaurs to the future.

Bonuses can be earned by achieving specific goals. If stunts or actions are repeated within a time limit, a score multiplier is earned and repeated actions boost the player's score further. Gameplay takes place in a single tropical jungle area, at the beginning of a game the jeep appears in a random location within the jungle. Stunt ramps are set up throughout the game area, along with the hills and valleys these facilitate long-distance jumps and other stunts. Each game takes four minutes, after the timer counts down to zero, the total score and any bonuses earned are shown. The player's ranking compared to other games played that day and the all-time highscores are also shown. Specific achievements can be gained by players, which are saved to their online profile, though the game can be played as a 'guest', which doesn't require a game profile to be created.

Development

Flashbang Studios had planned to earn money from creating casual games so that they could create a quirky game without having to worry about sales and sustaining the studio. Although the company failed to create a financially successful casual game, by creating software for other companies they managed to acquire enough money to undertake an unusual project of their own choosing.

The original concept was drawn on a white board, after the image had been left on the board for several days, the developers decided that it "pretty much had to be the next game." Initially the studio had intended to incorporate weapons into the game, but first developed the tow chain which would be used to transport slain Velociraptor. The use of a chain was inspired by the controversial game Carmageddon. The chain was designed to be a place-holder, to be replaced by a skinned rope. However, it was decided that the chain itself was acceptable without further modification. Plans to include additional weapons were dropped; the flail alone proved to be effective enough.

When development began in December 2007, the studio had employed five full-time team members. Development took eight weeks, though creation of the Velociraptor and jeep models had already been started before development began. Other staff were working on the title before then, but two key members were involved in the Independent Games Festival. A teaser trailer was released on January 18, 2008; quickly garnering interest from gaming blogs such as Kotaku and Destructoid. In an interview the developers hinted that a non-free downloadable version with extra content may be produced, or that advertisements may be introduced to the site. The company also revealed plans to continue developing free games with a development time of four to eight weeks. The most popular of these games will be further developed and released on platforms such as WiiWare, PlayStation Network or Xbox Live Arcade.

Reception
Off-Road Velociraptor Safari received a positive reception, reviewers praised the game as fun to play and addictive, particularly in relation to the short development time. Reviewers found issues with slowdown and variable frame rates, though the game was updated after reviewers highlighted the problems. Atomic Gamer's Brian Beck awarded the game a score of 90%, calling it "a fun, rewarding game" and citing the lack of restraints with the exception of the time limit. Games journalist John Walker, writing for Rock Paper Shotgun, described the game as "a stupid amount of fun" and found himself "...fairly stunned it can be played in a browser window." Reviewers noted some technical problems, John Bardinelli described the game's controls as "a bit clunky" and noted that even after installing the Unity plug-in the game has "a long load time" regardless of internet connection speed. Brian Beck stated that the game was not "fully optimized", resulting in players using less modern computers being unable to run the game smoothly.

Jay Is Games' John Bardinelli found the game's unusual premise to be the source of its playability, "The raw dose of driving, destruction and dinosaurs is enough to get just about any gamer's blood pumping". Despite this, he found the game's premise of crushing Velociraptor slightly disturbing, but added "there's just enough fiction to the setting to keep realism at bay." Bit-tech's Joe Martin suggested that though longevity could be an issue for serious players, Off-Road Velociraptor Safari is "unmatched" as a game which can be played for short periods of time. Channel 4 described the game as "a real laugh" and "one of our favourite coffee-break games of the moment." Destructoid's Hamza Aziz enjoyed the game, "it's hard not to love it", but found the slow motion "gets old and frustrating after a while."

Planned sequel
A sequel called "Off-Road Velociraptor HD" was planned with a Q4, 2010 release date. It was available to pre-order off the official site and anyone who purchased the downloadable version of the original received an automatic free pre-order. Later Blurst  announced "Off-Road Velociraptor HD" had been canceled due to financial problems and will most likely not see the light of the day.

References

External links
Official Off-Road Velociraptor Safari website
Official Flashbang Studios website

2008 video games
Video games about dinosaurs
Freeware games
Indie games
MacOS games
Vehicular combat games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Single-player video games


The Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway Power House is a historic building in Sebastopol, California, U.S., built to serve the Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad, an electric interurban railway of Sonoma County. It is also known as the Hogan Building and the P&SR Substation.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

It was deemed significant "as the first building constructed and the only building or structure remaining from Sonoma County's participation it what urban historian Raymond A Mohl has termed '[T]he most important transit innovation of the late 19th century ... [-] the electrification of street railways.' (The New City: Urban America in the Industrial Age f 1860-1920 [Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1985], 34.) From its incorporation on June 20, 1903, until the last trolley lines were pulled down on May 31, 1947, the Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway was Sonoma County's only electric interurban street railway system. The trackage, wires, and rolling stock are now gone. Only two visual reminders remain - P & SR Car 65, a passenger car
constructed by San Francisco's Holman Car Company, which is in the Western Railway Museum at Rio Vista Junction (Harre W. Demoro, California's Electric Railways; an Illustrated Review [Glendale: Interurban Press, 1986], pp. 110 & 203); and the P & SR Power Station in Sebastopol. The Power Station is the only architectural reminder of this important facet of Sonoma County's transportation history; the only remaining symbol of the community's struggle to provide cheap, efficient, and modern service for both passengers and freight and simultaneously destroy the monopolistic hold of the Northwestern Pacific on both farmers and interurban commuters. It also represents the transition between the age of steam and the age of the internal combustion engine."

The Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway Power House is located on Petaluma Avenue in Sebastopol, adjacent to the P&SR Depot on South Main Street. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1991.

Description
The Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway Power House is a single story building constructed of locally quarried stone. It is L-shaped, with a tile roof. Since the dissolution of the railway company, the building has housed a number of private business, including a series of brew pubs. The current owner, Hopmonk Tavern, removed a non-historical deck surrounding the east and west ends of the building, returning it to its historical profile.

References

Transport infrastructure completed in 1903
Energy infrastructure completed in 1903
Transportation buildings and structures in Sonoma County, California
History of Sonoma County, California
Rail infrastructure in California
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Sonoma County, California
Restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sebastopol, California
Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places


Johanna Magdalena Beyer (July 11, 1888 – January 9, 1944) was a German-American composer and pianist.

Biography

Johanna Beyer was born in Leipzig, Germany, but very little is known about her life prior to her move to the United States in 1923. She sang for three years at the Leipziger Singakademie and graduated from the Deutscher Konservatorien and Musikseminare, having studied piano, harmony, theory, counterpoint, singing, and dancing. Colleagues in New York recalled that her pianism and musicianship were excellent and that her musical training seemed traditional and solid. She spent 1911–1914 in America, though nothing is known of her activities during those years. Returning to the U.S. in 1923 (according to the biographical notes she provided in a Composers' Forum concert program), she studied at the Mannes College of Music, receiving two degrees by 1928. She taught piano to support herself, and may have taught at Greenwich House Music School, but struggled to make ends meet, resorting at times to WPA work and Ladies Home Aid. In the late 1920s or early thirties she began studying with Ruth Crawford, Charles Seeger, and Dane Rudhyar and in 1934 took Henry Cowell's percussion class at the New School for Social Research. Her musical life during these years was intertwined with Seeger, Crawford, Cowell, John Cage, and others in this modernist circle such as Jessie Baetz, a now-forgotten composer and painter who studied with Beyer. Her most intimate friendship was with Cowell; surviving correspondence reveals a tumultuous, and possibly romantic, relationship between the two composers. Beyer acted as Cowell's informal agent and secretary from 1936 to 1941 on a voluntary basis (only receiving partial compensation in 1941).

Though she was largely ignored as a composer, she did have a number of important performances. The first was at the New School for Social Research in 1933, where her Three Songs for Soprano, Piano, and Percussion were performed. A year later, the second movement from her Suite for Clarinet and Bassoon, performed in one of Henry Cowell's New Music Society of California concerts in San Francisco, was perceived as a "doleful dull duet." Aaron Copland reviewed a New Music Quarterly Recording of the movement. John Cage performed two movements of her "Three Movements for Percussion" in his northwestern percussion tours during the late 1930s. In 1936 her skills in multiple media came to the fore in her play, The Modern Composer, for which she wrote the lyrics, composed the incidental music, choreographed the modern ballet, designed and created the costumes, slides, and advertisements, directed the production, and performed the piano part. The play was performed under the auspices of the Federal Music Project at the Central Manhattan Music Center, but manuscript sources for it have not yet been found. Her music was performed twice in the New York Composers' Forum, in 1936 and 1937. Her work was also part of the music event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics. In 1988, New York's Essential Music revived her music for the centenary of her birth, presenting two concerts surveying her work.

Beyer battled with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, during the final years of her life. She died in New York City, New York, in 1944.

Some of her scores are available in recopied, annotated editions through the Frog Peak/Johanna Beyer Project. The editing and recopying work has been contributed on a voluntary basis by composers interested in the project.

Musical style

Much of Beyer's music, particularly that written between 1931 and 1939, reflects the aesthetics of the American "ultra-modernists," a circle which included Ruth Crawford Seeger, Charles Seeger, Henry Cowell, Dane Rudhyar and Carl Ruggles.  Many of Beyer's works are exemplary of dissonant counterpoint, a theoretical compositional system developed by Charles Seeger and Cowell and most famously articulated in the works of Ruth Crawford Seeger.  However, Beyer developed her own distinctive gestures and procedures that distinguished her music from that of her colleagues.  Her compositions are characterized by an economic use of resources, balanced and well-constructed forms, "a unique sense of humor and whimsy," and a commitment to experimentation.

Although her music was overlooked during her lifetime and for decades after her death, it was some of the most experimental and prophetic work created during the 1930s.  Music of the Spheres (1938) is the first known work scored for electronic instruments by a female composer.  The fourth movements of her two clarinet suites (1932) are some of the earliest examples of a pitch-based approach to rhythmic processes, which would not be fully explored again until the late 1940s by composers such as Elliott Carter and Conlon Nancarrow.  Several of her works anticipate the minimalist music of the 1960s, most notably the fourth movement of her first String Quartet.  She included tone clusters in Clusters, a suite for solo piano, and the duet, Movement for Two Pianos.  The large clusters in these works often require the pianist to play the keys with their forearms.

Perhaps Beyer's most important and overlooked contribution to the development of new music is her repertoire for percussion ensemble.  The Percussion Suite of 1933 is one of the earliest examples in this genre and differs from those of her contemporaries in that it "explores the understated and quiet expressive possibilities of percussion."  Other percussion pieces from the 1930s include IV (1935), the March for Thirty Percussion Instruments (1939), which John Kennedy calls one of the "most gorgeous orchestrations for percussion ensemble ever composed," and the Three Movements for Percussion (1939).  All of her percussion music is distinguished from that of her contemporaries by its sense of humor, and "emphasis on process over more purely rhythmic exploration."

Works

Percussion
Percussion Suite in 3 Movements (1933)
IV (1935)
March for 30 Percussion Instruments (1939)
Percussion, opus 14 (1939)
Three Movements for Percussion (1939)
Waltz for Percussion (1939)

Chamber works
Suite for Clarinet I (1932)
Suite for Clarinet Ib (1932)
Suite for Clarinet and Bassoon (1933)
Sonata for Clarinet and Piano (1936)
Suite for Bass Clarinet and Piano (1936?)
Movement for Double Bass and Piano (1936)
Movement for Two Pianos (1936)
Suite for Violin and Piano (1937)
Suite for Oboe and Bassoon (1937)
Six Pieces for Oboe and Piano (1939)
Quintet for Woodwinds (1933)
Movement for Woodwinds (1938)
Trio for Woodwinds (194?)
String Quartet No. 1 (1933–34)
String Quartet No. 2 (1936)
Movement for String Quartet ("Dance") (1938)
String Quartet No. 4 (1943?)
"Music of the Spheres" from Status Quo (1938)

For solo piano:
Gebrauchs-Musik (1934)
Clusters (or, New York Waltzes) (1936)
Winter Ade and five other folk song settings (1936)
Dissonant Counterpoint (193?)
Suite for Piano (1939)
Sonatina in C (1943)
Prelude and Fugue (in C Major) (no date)
Piano-Book, Classic-Romantic-Modern" (no date)

Songs:Sky-Pieces (1933)Three Songs (Timber Moon; Stars, Songs, Faces; Summer Grass) (soprano, piano, percussion) (1933)Ballad of the Star-Eater (soprano and clarinet) (1934)Three Songs for Soprano and Clarinet (Total Eclipse; Universal-Local; To Be) (1934)Have Faith! (soprano and flute) (3 versions) (1936–37)

Large Mixed EnsemblesMarch (14 instruments) (1935)Cyrnab (chamber orchestra) (1937)Elation (concert band) (1938)Reverence (wind ensemble) (1938)

ChoirThe Robin in the Rain (1935)The Federal Music Project (1936)The Main—Deep (1937)The People, Yes (1937)The Composers' Forum Laboratory (1937)

OrchestraFragment for Chamber Orchestra (1937)Symphonic Suite (1937)Dance for Full Orchestra from Status Quo (1938)Symphonic Movement I (1939)Symphonic Opus 3 (1939)Symphonic Opus 5 (1940)Symphonic Movement II (1941)

Selected discography

 Restless, Endless, Tactless: Johanna Beyer and the Birth of American Percussion Music, Meehan/Perkins Duo and the Baylor Percussion Group, (New World Records 80711, 2011)Dissonant Counterpoint, I–VIII; Gebrauchs-Musik, on Nine Preludes, Ruth Crawford/Johanna Beyer, Sarah Cahill, piano (New Albion, NA 114 CD, 2001)Ballad of the Star-Eater, Merlyn Quaife, soprano, Craig Hill, clarinet, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)Bees, Peter Dumsday, piano, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Clarinet Sonata II in B flat, Pat Okeefe, clarinet, on If Tigers Were Clouds (Zeitgeist, Innova 589, 2003)The Federal Music Project, Astra Choir, John McCaughey, conductor, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Movement for Double Bass and Piano, Nicholas Synot, double bass, Kim Bastin, piano
Movement for Two Pianos, Peter Dumsday, piano 1, Kim Bastin, piano 2, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)Music of the Spheres (1938), The Electronic Weasel Ensemble, on New Music for Electronic and Recorded Media: Women in Electronic Music (CRI CD 728, 1977, 1997)
Sonatina in C, Peter Dumsday, piano, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
String Quartet no. 1, Miwako Abe, violin 1, Aaron Barnden, violin 2, Erkki Veltheim, viola, Rosanne Hunt, cello, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
String Quartet no. 2, Miwako Abe, violin 1, Aaron Barnden, violin 2, Erkki Veltheim, viola, Rosanne Hunt, cello, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Suite for Clarinet I, Daniel Goode, clarinet, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Suite for Clarinet Ib, Craig Hill, clarinet, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Suite for Violin and Piano, Miwako Abe, violin, Michael Kieran Harvey, piano, on Works for Violin by George Antheil, Johanna Beyer, Henry Cowell, Ruth Crawford, Charles Dodge, David Mahler, Larry Polansky, Stefan Wolpe (New World Records 80-641, 2006)
Three Pieces for Choir: The Main Deep; The Composers Forum Laboratory; The People, Yes!, Astra Choir, John McCaughey, conductor, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)
Three Songs for Soprano and Clarinet, Merlyn Quaife, soprano, Craig Hill, clarinet, on Sticky Melodies, (New World Records 80678-2, 2008)IV, performed by Essential Music, on The Aerial no. 3, (Non Sequitur Recordings, 1991)
Suite for Clarinet and Bassoon, movements 2 and 4 only, Rosario Mazzeo, clarinet, Raymond Allard, bassoon (New Music Quarterly Recordings 1413 side A [78rpm], 1938).

Notes

Sources
Beal, Amy. Johanna Beyer. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2015.
Beal, Amy. "'Her Whimsy and Originality Really Amount to Genius': New Biographical Research on Johanna Beyer," American Music Review 38/1 (Fall 2008), 1, 4-5, 12-13.
Boland, Marguerite. "Experimentation and Process in the Music of Johanna Beyer." Viva Voce 76 (2007), https://mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de/upload/Johanna_Beyer/BeyerBoland.pdf
Boland, Marguerite. "Le langage musical de Johanna Beyer." Proceedings from Le Colloque Des Ponts vers L'Amérique I, Centre de recherches sur les arts et le language, EHESS (Paris, France), December 2006. http://cral.ehess.fr/docannexe/file/1077/marguerite_boland_le_langage_musical_de_johanna_beyer.pdf
Boland, Marguerite, and Larry Polansky. "Tempo Melodies in the Johanna Beyer Clarinet Suites (Fourth Movements)". Larry Polansky's Dartmouth website (accessed September 20, 2015).
de Graaf, Melissa. "Intersections of Gender and Modernism in the Music of Johanna Beyer," Institute for Studies in American Music Newsletter 33/2 (Spring 2004), 8–9, 15 http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/isam/.
de Graaf, Melissa. "'Never Call Us Lady Composers': Gendered Receptions in the New York Composers' Forum, 1935-1940," American Music 26/3 (Fall 2008), 277–308.
de Graaf, Melissa. "The Reception of an Ultra-Modernist: Ruth Crawford's Experience in the Composers' Forum," in Ruth Crawford Seeger's Worlds: Innovation and Tradition in Twentieth-century American Music, eds. Ellie Hisama & Ray Allen. University of Rochester Press, 2006.
Hinkle-Turner, Elizabeth. "Lady Ada's Offspring: Some Women Pioneers in Music Technology," in Frau Musica (nova): Komponieren heute/Composing today, ed. Martina Homma, 25–33. Sinzig: Studio-Verlag, 2000.
Hinkle-Turner, Elizabeth. Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States. Aldershot, Hants; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishers, 2006.
Lumsden, Rachel. "'The Pulse of Life Today': Borrowing in Johanna Beyer's String Quartet No. 2," American Music 35/3 (Fall 2017), 303–342.
Polansky, Larry "The Choral and Chamber Music of Johanna Magdalena Beyer". Liner notes to Johanna Beyer - Sticky Melodies. New World Records.
Polansky, Larry, and John Kennedy. "'Total Eclipse': The Music of Johanna Magdalena Beyer: An Introduction and Preliminary Annotated Checklist," The Musical Quarterly 80/4 (1996), 719–78.
Reese, Kirsten. "Ruhelos: Annäherung an Johanna Magdalena Beyer," Musiktexte: Zeitschrift fur Neue Musik'', nos. 81–82 (1999): 6–15.

External links
 Johanna Magdalena Beyer scores (the composer's manuscripts) in the Music Division of The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

20th-century classical composers
German classical composers
Modernist composers
American women classical composers
American classical composers
Contemporary classical music performers
1888 births
1944 deaths
Musicians from the Kingdom of Saxony
Musicians from Leipzig
Emigrants from the Weimar Republic to the United States
Mannes School of Music alumni
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Pupils of Henry Cowell
Pupils of Charles Seeger
Pupils of Ruth Crawford Seeger
Women in electronic music
20th-century German composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American composers
Sub Rosa Records artists
Olympic competitors in art competitions
20th-century women composers


Denis Inkin (born 7 January 1978)  is a Russian former professional boxer who fought in Germany at super middleweight.

Amateur career
Before turning professional Inkin had an extensive career as an amateur whilst serving as a Captain in the tank forces of the Russian army.

Amateur record
1994 won the European Cadet Championships (U-17) in Patras, Greece as a Light Middleweight.
1997 won the Military World Championships in San Antonio, USA as a Middleweight.
1999 won the 2nd Military World Games in Zagreb, Croatia as a Middleweight. The results were:

Professional career

Debut fight
Inkin's first fight as a professional boxer was in June 2001, in his home town of  Novosibirsk, when he beat Kazakhstani fighter Talgat Abdykarimov with a first round knockout.

Russian base
Inkin fought all of his first 23 fights in Russia and the Ukraine, with the exception of one in the United Kingdom, winning all of his fights with 17 wins by KO.

First belt
During his time being based in Russia, Inkin fought for his first title belt against Bulgarian Veselin Nikolaev Vasilev in Moscow, for the vacant IBF Inter-Continental super middleweight title. Inkin knocked Vasilev out in the first round to take the title.

Move to Germany
He moved to Germany in June 2005 from where he boxed in Germany, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia and won that WBC International super middleweight title against German Mario Veit with a seventh round KO of Veit.

WBO Super middleweight title
On September 27, 2008, at the Color Line Arena in Hamburg, Germany, Inkin claimed the vacant WBO super middleweight title, previously  held by Joe Calzaghe for over 11 years, with a twelve round unanimous decision victory over Fulgencio Zuniga.  In January 2009, in his first defence of the title, Inkin lost to Hungarian Karoly Balzsay over 12 rounds in Germany.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Super-middleweight boxers
World Boxing Organization champions
Sportspeople from Novosibirsk
Russian male boxers


Xenesis is a 2004 techno-thriller by Beat Glogger, a Swiss science journalist, published by Rowohlt Verlag. The book builds around a theme of livestock that are genetically modified for xenotransplantation, as a remedy for human organ donor shortages. A film adaptation may be in progress.

The title combines the Greek words "xenos" ("alien") and "genesis" ("beginning" or "creation").

Awards
The book was awarded the Media Prix in 2005 by the Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences and was nominated for the 2006 Descartes Prize by the European Commission.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080101212615/http://www.medical-thriller.de/beat_glogger.html

2004 novels
Swiss science fiction novels
Techno-thriller novels
Rowohlt Verlag books


The White Horse at Ebbsfleet, formerly the Ebbsfleet Landmark, colloquially the Angel of the South, was a planned white horse statue to be built in the Ebbsfleet Valley in Kent, England. Designed by Mark Wallinger to faithfully resemble a thoroughbred horse, but at 33 times life size, the colossal sculpture was to be  high.

Taller than the Angel of the North in Gateshead and Dream in St Helens, as a highly visible piece of public art, it was intended to highlight the Ebbsfleet redevelopment area and the Ebbsfleet International railway station in particular. It would have been visible from both the A2 road and High Speed 1 railway line, which cross each other nearby.

After a design competition was launched in 2007, Wallinger's vision of a white horse was selected in 2008 by a panel of representatives from each of the three founding patrons/developers of the Ebbsfleet Landmark Project Ltd (ELP Ltd) — London & Continental Railways, Land Securities and Eurostar — and four other art advisors appointed to the panel by ELP Ltd. Planning permission for the structure was granted by Gravesham Council on 15 April 2010.

Though originally estimated at £2 million, costs increased to £12–£15 million according to Ben Ruse, a spokesman for the project based at London & Continental Railways offices in London and failed to be raised.

The project was intended to be privately funded. As of February 2008, in excess of £1 million had been committed to the project by the founding patrons (of ELP Ltd) from London & Continental Railways who are "actively promoting the development of regeneration opportunities in Ebbsfleet", Land Securities "the UK's leading Real Estate Investment Trust" and from Eurostar.

The project stalled for lack of funding in 2012 and ELP Ltd closed down on 19 April 2016.

Background
Prior to any design being announced, the sculpture was planned as a counterpart to Antony Gormley's Angel of the North in Gateshead (with a stipulation that it be at least twice as wide and high, and visible from 20 miles away), and to mark one of six main "gateways" to London, hence the informal name Angel of the South being adopted early on for the formally named Ebbsfleet Landmark Project Ltd.

Design
The sculpture was planned to be made from concrete laid over a steel primary and secondary inner frame and supported by  deep concrete foundations. At 33 times life size, it would have measured  vertically from the ground to the tip of the ears,  to the top of the back, and  horizontally, from nose to tail. It was intended to be "a faithfully accurate representation of a thoroughbred racehorse in all but scale".

Location
Planned to be located at Springhead near Springhead Road, Northfleet, in a site designated as the proposed "linear park", the sculpture was intended to highlight the Ebbsfleet Valley regeneration area, and Ebbsfleet International railway station in particular, in a similar manner to the Angel of the North in Gateshead and Dream in St Helens.

From this location, it would have been visible from both road traffic on the A2 road, and from the High Speed 1 railway line; used by both Eurostar international services and Southeastern high speed services.

History

Design shortlisting
Gormley and other artists were invited to admit designs on 22 May 2007, by which time the intended site (a hill outside the new High Speed 1 station at Ebbsfleet International, near Land Securities' Springhead Park residential development) had been announced.  A shortlist was chosen on 28 January 2008 (comprising Mark Wallinger, Rachel Whiteread, Richard Deacon, Christopher le Brun, and Daniel Buren).  The artists were given three months from then to produce their proposals, which were displayed to the public from May 2008 at Bluewater Shopping Centre.  Le Brun produced a winged disc; Buren a tower of 5 cubes; Deacon a stack of 26 different steel polyhedra; Wallinger a realistic sculpture of a horse and Whiteread a plaster cast of a house's interior atop an artificially-created mountain. In September 2008 the shortlist was reduced to three designs: Deacon's, Buren's and Wallinger's. The competition triggered public interest, and was the subject of a satirical series of cartoons in Steve Bell's If... series between 4 and 8 February 2008, and in May 2008. Locally it has been the subject of apathy or even hostility.

White Horse figure selected
On 10 February 2009 the BBC announced that the winner was Wallinger's realistic sculpture of a horse. The statue was modelled on one of Wallinger's own racehorses Red Riviera; which coincidentally won the 16:20 race at Lingfield Park Racecourse on the same day that the artist's sculpture won the competition.

The sculpture's completion was originally planned to occur before domestic high-speed services to Kent began on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link in 2009 and in time for the 2012 Olympics.

Planning permission granted
A planning application was submitted to Gravesham Borough Council's planning committee in January 2010, who voted unanimously to grant planning permission for the structure on 14 April 2010 despite opposition from local residents. The planning permission expired in April 2013, an application for renewal was submitted.

White horse of Kent
The White horse of Kent is a prancing white horse is an ancient symbol of Kent, and appears on the Flag of Kent. White horse hill figures are a common feature of England as a whole. The proposed statue has been referred to as both the White Horse of Ebbsfleet and the White Horse of Kent

The white horse of Kent is typically depicted as prancing (or rampant in heraldry),  rearing up on its hind legs and is also referred to as Invicta, the (motto of Kent). Kent County Council initially criticised the original design for not prancing like Invicta and proposed an alternative, but the entry was rejected by the competition's panel of representatives.

See also
 Folkestone White Horse
 Angel of the North
 Star of Caledonia

Footnotes

References

External links
ebbsfleetlandmark.com - official website

Gravesham