St. John's Parish is a Roman Catholic church located at 2500 California Plaza on the Creighton University campus in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It is within the Archdiocese of Omaha and is a ministry of the Midwest Province of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).

History
The cornerstone was laid on May 6, 1888, drawing 4,000 people, which was the largest crowd ever assembled in Nebraska up to that point. The building was designed by local architect P.J. Creedon in the English Gothic style. In 1897 the church was made a regular parish after the city's original bishop intended for it to only serve as a temporary church for the college-age attendees. John A. Creighton donated much of the original funding for the building. Mary Creighton, John's brother Edward's wife, donated jewelry to the parish construction fund before there was a building.

In 1923 an addition to the building was consecrated by Bishop Patrick A. McGovern, a member of the first graduation class of Creighton College and the only bishop ever consecrated in St. John's.

Renovations to the building were completed in 2006.  In February 2015, an elevator was added to the side of St. John's to make the lower level accessible from the main church.

See also
 History of Omaha
 List of Jesuit sites

References

External links
 St. John's Church at Creighton University website
 Historic postcard of St. John's
 Historic images and postcards including St. John's

Creighton University
Roman Catholic churches in Omaha, Nebraska
History of Omaha, Nebraska
Jesuit churches in the United States
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1888
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Gothic Revival church buildings in Nebraska


The Shepherd Center is a private, non-profit hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.  Founded in 1975, the hospital focuses on rehabilitation for people with spinal cord injury and disease, acquired brain injury, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain and other neuromuscular problems.

History
The Shepherd Center was founded in 1975, when Harold and Alana Shepherd traveled to find care for their son James who was paralyzed from the neck down in a body surfing accident. Unable to find appropriate rehabilitation measures, the Shepherds brought together Atlanta's medical and donor communities to found the Shepherd Center. James served as chairman of the board of the Center prior to his death in December 2019. Alana Shepherd currently serves as the Chairperson of the Board of Directors.

Programs
Shepherd Center has led to the development of specialized treatment programs for adolescent patients (ages 12–17), adults, seniors (ages 50 and older), dual diagnosis, intensive care unit patients and those with neuromuscular disorders.

Shepherd Center offers rehabilitation for people who have had a brain injuries, as well as people who have had complications from a stroke or tumor.

The Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Institute at Shepherd is a treatment and rehabilitation center for people with multiple sclerosis. Treatment options focus on medications, physical rehabilitation and experimental therapies. The MS Institute at Shepherd offers evaluations, diagnostics, rehabilitation services and treatment options through drugs and new clinical trials. The Shepherd Pain Institute offers pain management for individuals experiencing chronic pain problems.

Shepherd Center's assistive technology specialists help people with limited mobility or neurological deficits achieve a greater degree of independence by using new equipment and technology.

Patients at Shepherd Center undertake leisure and recreational activities as part of their therapy program. This type of therapy, called recreation therapy, helps improve physical, cognitive and social functioning. The Beyond Therapy program at Shepherd Center is an activity-based therapy program designed to help people with neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, improve their lifelong health, minimize secondary complications and get the most out of any new neural links to their muscles.

Shepherd Center is one of seven rehabilitation centers that have partnered partner with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as part of the NeuroRecovery Network (NRN), which provides and develops therapies to promote functional recovery and improve the health and quality of life of people with paralysis.

Shepherd Center offers locomotor training, an activity-based therapy that attempts to retrain the spinal cord to "remember" the pattern of walking again. This therapy is available to patients who have some movement in their legs. There are two versions of this therapy—manual-assisted locomotor training and robotic-assisted locomotor training. Both therapies involve supporting part of the patient's body weight with a harness system that suspends the patient over a moving treadmill. The amount of body weight support, treadmill speed, walking time and amount of assistance given to the patient can be adjusted in both versions to best maximize the outcome.

Research
The Virginia C. Crawford Research Institute at Shepherd Center conducts neurological and neuromuscular research. Shepherd Center's research activities primarily focus on spinal cord injury, brain injury, multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders.

The center works to develop, refine and evaluate new treatments, drugs, surgical techniques, diagnostic tools and various therapy interventions. Shepherd Center's research also works to improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of clinical services, as well as document the long-term effectiveness and benefits of rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes.

Since 1982, Shepherd Center has been designated as a Model System of Care for spinal cord injury by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). The hospital is one of 14 Model Systems in the country.

In 2022, the Administration for Community Living’s (ACL) National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) awarded a five-year grant to Shepherd Center. It recognized the rehabilitation hospital as a Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS). It will officially be known as Georgia Model Brain Injury System at Shepherd Center.

Accreditation
Shepherd Center is accredited by The Joint Commission and the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF).

See also
Peachtree Road Race - the Shepherd Center Wheelchair Division of AJC Peachtree Road Race founded in 1982.

References

External links
 Official site

Hospital buildings completed in 1975
Hospitals in Atlanta
Hospitals established in 1975
Rehabilitation hospitals


2S7 can refer to:

2S7 Pion, a Soviet/Russian self-propelled gun
2S7, the FAA location identifier for Chiloquin State Airport


Spiral Circus is the name of the first live album by British psychedelic rock/progressive rock band Porcupine Tree from their first tour. The tracks were recorded directly from the mixing desk in three locations of England during December 1993. The first half of the album was taken from the shows in the BBC and Borderline, London, and the second half from The Nag's Head, High Wycombe.

Spiral Circus was first released in 1994 on cassette only. This tape was given away free to subscribers of the Transmission information service. It was then reissued on vinyl in 1997 limited to 500 copies. Both editions are deleted at the present.

Despite the fact that the track is not included, the album name is a reference to a section in the song "The Sky Moves Sideways Phase 1" from The Sky Moves Sideways.

Track listing

Side A
 "Burning Sky" – BBC / Borderline, London (11:02)
 "Voyage 34" – Borderline, London (5:32)
 "Always Never" – BBC (6:28)

Side B
 "Radioactive Toy" – High Wycombe (9:58)
 "Up the Downstair" – High Wycombe (7:15)
 "Not Beautiful Anymore" – High Wycombe (8:58)

Personnel

Steven Wilson – guitar, vocals
Richard Barbieri – keyboards, electronics
Colin Edwin – bass
Chris Maitland – drums, backing vocals

References

Porcupine Tree live albums
1993 live albums


Mark J. Coogan (born May 1, 1966, Manhasset, New York, United States) is an American coach and retired American track athlete.

Running career
He attended Bishop Feehan High School in Attleboro, Massachusetts, and the University of Maryland, College Park.

Coogan was coached at the University of Maryland by Charles Florence Torpey, who headed the Men's and Women's running teams at La Salle University until his untimely death. While in college, Coogan specialized in the steeplechase.  Coogan was the first Massachusetts native to run the mile in under four minutes. In March 1995, at the Pan-American Games (Mar del Plata, Argentina), Coogan earned the silver medal in the Marathon, in a time of 2:15:21. He ran the marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, placing 41st with a time of 2:20:27, after placing second in the U.S. Olympic Trials Marathon with at time of 2:13:05 (his lifetime best). He also placed third in the U.S. 2000 Olympic Trials Marathon with a time of 2:17:04, but did not compete in the 2000 Sydney Olympics because he did not achieve the Olympic "A" standard qualifying time. He retired from competitive running in 2004.

Coaching career
He has served as head coach of several cross country teams, including at Phillips Exeter Academy and Tufts University, and coached the distance runners at MIT for three years. Coogan served as the Dartmouth College women's cross country head coach after serving as an assistant for one season, and the assistant coach for the track programs as the primary coach of the distance runners.

In 2014, he began working for New Balance in Boston, Massachusetts in sports marketing as well becoming the coach of Team New Balance Boston with athletes such as Abbey D'Agostino whom he coached to 7 NCAA Championships at Dartmouth College.

In June 2021, Mark successfully coached American New Balance sponsored distance runners Elle Purrier St. Pierre of Vermont and Heather MacLean of Massachusetts in the 1,500 meters at the Olympic Trials at Haywood Field in Eugene, Oregon. Both women will represent the USA at the Tokyo Olympics.

Personal life
Coogan has three children, two daughters, Katrina Coogan, a professional runner for New Balance Boston, and Margaret Coogan, who runs at George Washington University, and a son, William Coogan, who runs at UNC-Chapel Hill.

Achievements

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
American male long-distance runners
American male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Sportspeople from Manhasset, New York
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games


Alan Barrett is the Director of the Economic and Social Research Institute. He joined the ESRI in 1994 and took up the position of Director in July 2015. His research is primarily focused on labour economics and population economics and is widely published. He worked as Project Director of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) at Trinity College Dublin and has served as a member of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council. He is a Research Fellow with the Institute for the Study of Labor in Bonn, Germany and an Honorary Fellow of the Society of Actuaries in Ireland. He is also a member of the National Expert Advisory Council on Climate Change.

Education
Barrett received a B.A. (mod) degree in Economic and Social Studies from Trinity College Dublin in 1989 and a Master of Arts degree in 1991 from Michigan State University. In 1994, he was awarded a Ph.D. from Michigan State University with a thesis entitled “Three Essays on the Labor Market Characteristics of Immigrants”.

Career
Barrett joined the ESRI in 1994, upon completing his Ph.D. Since then, his research has been widely published in journals such as Labour Economics, Journal of Population Economics, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Economics Letters, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, British Journal of Industrial Relations, European Journal of Population, International Migration Review, Population Research and Policy Review, Economic and Social Review and National Institute Economic Review.

In 1997 he co-authored a book on environmental economics, The Fiscal System and the Polluter Pays Principle: A Case-study of Ireland. Between 2005 and 2010, he was a co-author of the ESRI’s Quarterly Economic Commentary, providing analysis of current economic trends and economic forecasts.

Between 2001 and 2003, Alan was seconded to the Department of Finance where he worked on the long-term fiscal implications of population ageing. Between 2011 and 2013, he was seconded to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) at Trinity College Dublin where he worked as Project Director. He was a member of the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council from 2011 to 2015.

He was co-editor of the IZA Journal of European Labor Studies from 2012 to 2015 and was the founding Editor of the Policy Section of the Economic and Social Review from 2009 to 2011.

He is a Research Fellow with IZA (Institute for the Study of Labor) in Bonn, Germany and an Honorary Fellow of the Society of Actuaries in Ireland. He is also a member of the National Expert Advisory Council on Climate Change.

In 2019 he was admitted as a member of the Royal Irish Academy.

Publications
Barrett’s recent publications are listed below. A full list of Barrett’s publications is available on the ESRI website.

The Impact of Adult Child Emigration on the Mental Health of Older Parents
Determining Labour and Skills Shortages and the Need for Labour Migration in Ireland
Scoping the Possible Economic Implications of Brexit on Ireland
Tax Breaks and the Residential Property Market
How Well-Informed are Pension Scheme Members on Their Future Pension Benefits? Evidence from Ireland
Business Migration to Ireland
Aging and the Labor Market
A New Look at the Recession and Ireland's Older People: The Emigration of Adult Children and the Mental Health of their Parents
Income and Wealth in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
The Long-Term Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Incomes and Labour Force Status

References

External links
 Full List of Publications
 TILDA
 IZA (Institute for the Study of Labor)

20th-century Irish economists
Academics of Trinity College Dublin
Economic and Social Research Institute
Michigan State University alumni
Living people
21st-century Irish economists
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
Year of birth missing (living people)


Marco Spallanzani is an economic historian who previously taught economic history at the University of Florence.  For some time he has conducted research in the Tuscan archives on the production and trade of goods considered to be ‘minor arts,’ examining, through various products from the east, the moment of their importation from the lands of Islam or faraway China.  He has published articles on the presence of these much sought-after furnishings (in particular Chinese porcelain, Italian Maiolica and Islamic metal) by the Medici and the most important families of the 14th–16th centuries. He has also edited an edition of Medici family inventories of the quattrocento (15th century). In 1982, he set up the Islamic Hall of the Bargello art museum in Florence.

Published works
Spallanzani’s work has mostly been in Italian, though he occasionally publishes in English as well - as for example his most recent book, which is on Oriental rugs.  His publications include, (but are not limited to  (SPECIFY otherwise it will be always possible to imagine a quantity without a limit)):

Ceramiche alla Corte dei Medici nel Cinquecento.  Modena:  Franco Cosimo Panini, 1994.
Ceramiche orientali a Firenze nel Rinaschimento.  Florence, 1978.
“Ceramiche nelle raccolte medicee da Cosimo I a Ferdinando I.”  In Le arti del principato mediceo.  Candaece Adelson, et al., ed.  Florence, 1980, pp. 95–115.
“Medici Porcelain in the Collection of the Last Grand-Duke.”  The Burlington Magazine, 132, no. 1046 (May 1990), pp. 316–320.
Oriental Rugs in Renaissance Florence.  Florence: S.P.E.S., 2007.

References

Economic historians
20th-century Italian historians
Academic staff of the University of Florence
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Italian historians


Don Enrique Jaime Ruspoli y Morenés, Caro y Arteaga, dei Principi Ruspoli (born February 2, 1935) is a Spanish aristocrat, third son of Camilo Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and wife Dona María de Belén Morenés y Arteaga, García-Alesson y Echaguë, 18th Countess of Bañares.

He is 19th Count of Bañares with a Coat of Arms of de Zúñiga (Boletín Oficial of March 22, 1995 and Letter of March 30, 1995) and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He is a Doctor in Philosophy and a Professor of Philosophy at the Complutense University of Madrid, Gentleman of HH the Pope, Noble Guard,  Maestrante of Granada, and Knight of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Notable published works

La marca del exilio: La Beltraneja, Cardoso y Godoy.

Godoy: La lealtad de un gobernante ilustrado.

Memorias de Godoy: Primera edición abreviada de memorias críticas  y apologéticas  para la historia  del reinado del señor D. Carlos IV de Borbón.

Casa Señoriales de España.

Ancestry

Additional information

See also
 Ruspoli

References
 Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles, Various (periodic publication)

External links

 Enrique Jaime Ruspoli y Morenés on a genealogical site

1935 births
Living people
Counts in Italy
Counts of Spain
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Enrique
Knights of Malta


The 2007–08 UCI America Tour was the fourth season for the UCI America Tour. The season began on 7 October 2007 with the Clásico Ciclístico Banfoandes and ended on 20 September 2008 with the Vuelta Mexico.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Svein Tuft of Canada was the defending champion of the 2006–07 UCI America Tour. Manuel Medina of Venezuela was crowned as the 2007–08 UCI America Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:
 Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2
 One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Events

2007

2008

Final standings

Individual classification

Team classification

Nation classification

Nation under-23 classification

External links

UCI America Tour
2008 in road cycling
2007 in road cycling
UCI
UCI
UCI
UCI


The Fantasy Fan was the first fan magazine in the weird fiction field and therefore holds an important place in the history of the American fantasy and horror fiction pulp magazine. Issued monthly, it was first published in September 1933, and discontinued 18 issues later in February 1935. The magazine was edited by Charles Hornig (25 May 1916 - 11 October 1999).

Overview

Charles D. Hornig of Elizabeth, NJ, at the age of seventeen, founded the magazine, from the beginning seeking to secure the most prestigious weird and science fiction authors he could. Hornig had been buying and reading science fiction regularly since the Sept 1930 issues of Amazing Stories and Wonder Stories. In Jan 1933 he decided to publish a fanzine and contacted Conrad H. Ruppert, who was then producing on letterpress with handset type the fan magazine The Science Fic-Digest. The first issue of Hornig's magazine The Fantasy Fan appeared July 29, 1933. Horning sent a complimentary copy to Hugo Gernsback, publisher of Wonder Stories. Gernsback had just fired his editor David Lasser for spending more time promoting The Workers Alliance and organizing the unemployed than on his editorial work. Gernsback felt a much better job could be done assisting the unemployed if Lasser himself was unemployed and could therefore devote full-time to it. Gernsback was impressed by the professional look and content of Hornig's first issue of The Fantasy Fan; he telegraphed Hornig to come and see him. He had been paying Lasser $75 a week. Due to Hornig's youth, Gernsback hired him at $20 a week and Hornig reported for work Aug 7, 1933. The first issue of Gernsback's Wonder Stories pulp magazine that he produced was Nov 1933, with the help of veteran associate editor C.P. Mason. This gave Hornig the resources to continue The Fantasy Fan which would have been economically difficult otherwise. Hornig stayed with Wonder Stories until 1936.

The Fantasy Fan was considered one of the premier sources of weird and fantasy literature during its short duration, regardless of it being an amateur production. While maintaining a small circulation - its print run probably never exceeded 300 copies, and it had only sixty subscribers - it represented a mixture of news, articles, stories, poems, and miscellany connected to weird fiction. Included within The Fantasy Fan was a column entitled 'The Boiling Point' which devolved to acrimonious letter exchanges between several of the magazine's regular contributors, including H.P. Lovecraft, Forrest J. Ackerman and Clark Ashton Smith; though this column was terminated with the February 1934 issue. Necronomicon Press issued The Boiling Point in book form in the 1980s.

First publication of several works by noteworthy authors occurred in The Fantasy Fan, including works by Lovecraft, Smith, Robert E. Howard, August Derleth, and Robert Bloch. Perhaps one of the magazine's greatest achievements, though, was the serialization of the revised version of Lovecraft's Supernatural Horror in Literature (October 1933-February 1935); the serialization proceeded until it had reached the middle of Chapter VIII and the magazine folded. The Fantasy Fan also saw the first publication of Lovecraft's stories: "The Other Gods" (November 1933) and "From Beyond" (June 1934) as well as reprints (from amateur papers) of "Polaris" (February 1934) and "Beyond the Wall of Sleep" (October 1934); it also published the poems "The Book" (October 1934), "Pursuit" (October 1934), "The Key" (January 1935), and "Homecoming" (January 1935) from Lovecraft's sonnet cycle Fungi from Yuggoth. Lovecraft was represented in no less than seventeen of the eighteen issues published. The October 1934 issue was dedicated to Lovecraft.

The two following issues, November 1934 and December 1934, were tributes to Clark Ashton Smith and Edgar Allan Poe respectively.

The March 1934 issue is remarkable for the first publication of Robert E. Howard's previously rejected (by Weird Tales editor Farnsworth Wright) Conan story, "The Frost King's Daughter". Hornig changed the title to "Gods of the North", and the main character was called "Amra", a Conan nickname which would have been recognized by fans at the time.

The July 1934 and September 1934 issues included a cycle of weird verse octets under the title "Dreams of Yith" by Duane W. Rimel. The cycle was revised by H.P. Lovecraft and perhaps by Clark Ashton Smith.

Hornig experimented with covers for three consecutive issues (September, October, and November 1934), but explained in the December 1934 issue that he was forced to abandon them due to increased printing costs. Issue thirteen (September 1934) would be billed as the First Anniversary Issue.

Distribution of The Fantasy Fan was so small Hornig would sometimes hand write notations on each individual copy, such as upcoming previews (September 1933) or a missed back issue number that was available (December 1934).

In the August 1934 issue, Hornig gratefully acknowledges that the September 1934 issue of Weird Tales contains a plug for The Fantasy Fan by editor Farnsworth Wright, and he expresses hope that such exposure will increase his circulation. Unfortunately the fanzine would still fold six issues later, and today original copies of The Fantasy Fan are considered very rare amongst collectors. Having been printed on thin and cheap paper, it is commonplace for any issue to show signs of deterioration (such as edge browning on pages).

The Fantasy Fan was assisted by the generosity of its contributing authors. who included Robert E. Howard, David H. Keller, J. Harvey Haggard, Eando Binder, and a number of Lovecraft's correspondents including August Derleth, R.H. Barlow, William Lumley, F.Lee Baldwin, Duane Rimel, Emil Petaja and Robert Bloch. Bloch had only one piece in the zine, "The Laughter of a Young Ghoul", in Issue 16 (Dec 1934).

With the final issue (February 1935), Hornig notes that a favorable arrangement he had with a printer could no longer be maintained, and he had already lost a couple of hundred dollars during the fanzine's run. He also relates that the first issue (September 1933), published just a year-and-a-half earlier, was already commanding prices five to ten times its 0.10 cents cover price.

After the demise of The Fantasy Fan, numerous attempts were made to revive or succeed it. In the spring of 1935 William L. Crawford contemplated reviving the defunct magazine with Lovecraft as editor, but the plan never materialised. No magazine truly filled its place as a news organ, a forum for the expression of fan's views, and a venue for work by distinguished writers in the field.

In 1940, Hornig used the pen names of Derwin Lesser and Homer Porter to author stories for Superworld Comics, which folded after only 3 issues. The publisher again was Hugo Gernsback (Kosmos Publications), who was familiar with Hornig from his prior employment and also of course, The Fantasy Fan.

Notes and references

External links

 Fantasy Fan transcriptions at Project Gutenberg

Monthly magazines published in the United States
Defunct literary magazines published in the United States
Fantasy fiction magazines
Horror fiction magazines
Magazines established in 1933
Magazines disestablished in 1935
Magazines published in New Jersey
Pulp magazines


Le Cardonnois (; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D188 road, some  south-southeast of Amiens.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Saifeddine Nejmaoui (born May 5, 1981) is a Tunisian boxer who won the lightweight division at the 2007 All-Africa Games and twice competed at the Olympic Games: 2004 and 2008.

In Athens 2004 he lost his first match to Frenchman Khedafi Djelkhir (13:38). He qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he defeated Uganda's Brian Mayanja.

Nejmaoui won the African Championships in 2005. At the All-Africa Games he won the lightweight title in Algiers defeating Owethu Mbira in the semis. At the qualification he won all his matches including against Hamza Kramou, but his draw at the Olympic Games matched him with reigning Olympic Featherweight Champion Aleksei Tishchenko and he lost on points (2:10).

Results

External links
 Bio
 African 2005
 2008 qualifier

1981 births
Living people
Lightweight boxers
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Tunisia
Tunisian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Tunisia
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
21st-century Tunisian people
20th-century Tunisian people


Mill Creek is a  tributary of the Willamette River that drains a  area of Marion County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Flowing generally west from its source south of Silver Falls State Park, it passes through the cities of Aumsville, Stayton, Sublimity, and Turner before emptying into the Willamette in Salem.

Salem's first gristmill and sawmill were built on the creek in 1840–41 by members of the Oregon Mission.

Course
Mill Creek begins at the confluence of South Fork Mill Creek and North Fork Mill Creek in Coon Hollow, about  east of Sublimity. It flows generally west, passing under Oregon Route 22 between Sublimity, to the creek's right, and Stayton, to the left. Near river mile (RM) 18 or river kilometer (RK) 29, the creek receives Salem Ditch from the left; the ditch transports water from the North Santiam River to Mill Creek. The creek reaches Aumsville, on the stream's right, at RM 15 (RK 24), and Beaver Creek enters from the right just beyond RM 12 (RK 19).

The creek bisects Turner, situated  from the mouth. At Turner, Franzen Reservoir is to the right, and Perrin Lateral enters from the left; like Salem Ditch, it is an artificial channel that carries water from the North Santiam River to Mill Creek. Slightly west of Turner, Mill Creek receives Battle Creek from the left and turns north, passing under Salem–Turner Road at about RM 7 (RK 11).

Less than  further downstream, Mill Creek passes under Interstate 5, which it parallels for about  before passing under Route 22 again and turning northwest. Along the I-5 stretch, Walter Wirth Lake and McNary Field (Salem Municipal Airport) are on the left; near Route 22, the unincorporated neighborhood of Four Corners is on the right. At RM 3.5 (RK 5.6), the creek intersects Shelton Ditch, an artificial channel on the left that diverts water from Mill Creek to Pringle Creek.

Cutting through central Salem, the creek intersects Mill Race (another artificial channel diverting water to Pringle Creek) at RM 2.3 (RK 3.7). After passing a stream gauge at RM 1.1 (RK 1.8), Mill Creek flows by the Oregon State Penitentiary, on the right, the Oregon State Capitol, on the left, and North Salem High School, on the right. The creek enters the Willamette River in downtown Salem, opposite Wallace Park, about  from the larger stream's confluence with the Columbia River.

Watershed
Most of the land in the watershed is privately owned. As of 2006, about 75 percent was used for farming, 13 percent for forestry, and 12 percent was urban. Urban uses accounted for most of the land from Turner westward to Salem.

Franzen Reservoir, along Mill Creek near Turner, stores drinking water, which comes from the North Santiam River, for Salem. Two diversion channels from Mill Creek to Pringle Creek help control flooding in Salem.

History

Mill Creek was named for a sawmill built along its banks as part of a 19th-century Methodist mission. The mission, established by Jason Lee, began operations in 1834 near what later became Salem, and the mill is thought to date to 1840–41. A canal between Mill Creek and the North Santiam River was completed in 1857 to increase water flow to the mill. The canal was later called the Salem Ditch.

Artificial structures built in the mid-19th century altered the course of the original lower reaches of Mill Creek. Waller Dam, built around 1864 and modified in 1915, split Mill Creek into a millrace and what is sometimes referred to as North Mill Creek. The millrace, which originally powered a woolen mill, flows through the Willamette University campus.

Another diversion canal, Shelton Ditch, built in the mid-1800s, runs from Mill Creek near the municipal airport through the southern edge of downtown Salem. It empties into Pringle Creek near Pringle Park.

In January 2012, heavy rain from a winter storm caused many Oregon streams, including Mill Creek, to overflow their banks. Muddy water from the creek covered some of Salem's streets and parking lots and ran into homes and basements. Further upstream, an estimated 40 percent of the city of Turner was inundated when Mill Creek rose  above flood stage.

See also
List of rivers of Oregon

References

External links

Marion County Mill Creek Watershed Restoration Projects
Residents in Turner asked to evacuate as Mill Creek floods in Marion County
Hobson Covered Bridge over Mill Creek in Marion County, Oregon, 1946

Tributaries of the Willamette River
Rivers of Marion County, Oregon
Rivers of Oregon
Turner, Oregon


Greenlee is an American industrial and electrical tool company headquartered in Rockford, Illinois. It was founded in 1862 by twin brothers Robert L. and Ralph S. Greenlee to manufacture their invention, a drill surrounded by four chisel blades, used in making the pockets for a mortise and tenon joint, for the furniture industry in Rockford. This device is still used in cabinetmaking. The brothers later diversified into a variety of hand woodworking tools as well as machinery for making wooden barrels.

The company was acquired by Detroit-based Ex-Cell-O in 1969. Industrial conglomerate Textron acquired Greenlee as part of its acquisition of Ex-Cell-O and its subsidiaries in 1986. Greenlee purchased Fairmont Hydraulics in 1992 and German tool manufacturer Klauke in 1996. Greenlee expanded into data/telecommunications equipment with the acquisition of several companies in 1999 and 2000 which now fall under the Greenlee Communications brand. Greenlee expanded its DIY offering with the addition of Paladin Tools on December 17, 2007. In 2008, Greenlee acquired Utilux. In 2013, Sherman + Reilly, and HD Electric joined the Greenlee family of Utility brands. The Greenlee brothers were inspired into industrial work by their father who was a cooper. Their contributions to the railroad industry included an automatic tie and track laying and drilling machine that rolled right along behind on the track it had just laid.

On April 18, 2018, Textron announced that it planned to sell its Greenlee brand to Emerson within 90 days. Greenlee is listed as a subsidiary and/or affiliate of Emerson Electric Co. as of September 30, 2019.

Products

Cable Pulling & Fishing - cable pullers, wire fishing
Knockouts - Knockout sets, punches, dies, drivers
Power Tool Accessories - step bits, auger bits, drill & taps
Bending - electric conduit benders, hydraulic benders & pumps, mechanical benders
Wire and cable termination - Cable crimpers & cutters
Testing and measurement - Low & high voltage test and measurement tools
Storage and material handling - storage boxes, wire carts, stands
Utility hydraulic tools - pumps, breakers, impact wrenches
General purpose & Safety Tools - professional hand tool kits, manual bolt cutters, insulated hand tools

References

External links

 Official Klauke website

Electrical tool manufacturers
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Companies based in Rockford, Illinois
Manufacturing companies established in 1862
1862 establishments in Illinois
1986 mergers and acquisitions
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Textron


The Odd Couple is the second and most recent studio album by Gnarls Barkley, released digitally on March 18 and in stores March 25, 2008. Due to an early leak of the album over the Internet in early March 2008, the duo decided to push up the release from April 8. The album was released to the iTunes Store and Amazon MP3 on March 18.

As of October 2010 the album has sold 250,000 copies in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Due to the band's inactivity, The Odd Couple would become the group's last album to date as of over a decade later.

Background
In late January, an assumed leaked track appeared on several music blogs. "Run (I'm a Natural Disaster)", the previously unknown song, was given positive reviews from most music outlets. "Run" was released as the album's first single as a digital download in the US on February 5, 2008. Despite "Run (I'm a Natural Disaster)" being the lead single at the time, "Going On" was the highest-charting album track on iTunes having made it as high as number 23 on the Top 100 chart as of March 25, subsequently debuting at number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was then released as the second single from the album, and the song's video premiered on March 20, 2008. In March 2008, the album's third single, "Who's Gonna Save My Soul" was premiered by hip hop band The Roots' drummer Questlove through a video uploaded to YouTube. The album also features Josh Klinghoffer, a touring musician for the band since 2006 and who would a year following the album's release join the Red Hot Chili Peppers as their guitarist.

An early leak of the album over the Internet in early March, 2008, prompted the duo to push the release of the album from April 8. Digital versions of The Odd Couple were released to the iTunes Store and Amazon MP3 on March 18. Physical copies of the album were slated for March 25; however, some copies hit independent record stores on March 18. The album was released in the United Kingdom on March 31, 2008. An instrumental reverse edition of the album, retitled elpuoc ddo eht, was released on April 17, 2008. The entire album is fused into one 38:44 track played completely in reverse, starting with the album's last song and ending with the album's first. This unorthodox edition was released officially by Danger Mouse and is legally available as a second disc on the vinyl edition of the album.

Track listing
All tracks produced by Danger Mouse, except "A Little Better", produced by Danger Mouse and Nigel Godrich.

Samples
 "Going On" samples "Folder Man" written by Peter Dunton and performed by Please
 "Run (I'm a Natural Disaster)" samples "Junior Jet Set" by Keith Mansfield
 "Would Be Killer" samples "Fluid" by Twink
 "Open Book" incorporates sampled elements from "Träume" by Françoise Hardy
 "Whatever" samples "The Hair On My Chinny Chin Chin" by Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs
 "Surprise" contains elements of "Building with a Steeple" written by Ron Dante, Gene Allen and Bobby Feldman and performed by The Eighth Day
 "She Knows" samples "Gentle Flute" performed by Cy Payne
 "A Little Better" incorporates elements of "Trying to Be Free" written by Nacabal and Yvon-Goudy and performed by T.N.T.H.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 albums
Albums produced by Danger Mouse (musician)
Gnarls Barkley albums
Psychedelic soul albums
Avant-pop albums


Ursuline Convent () was a series of historic Ursuline convents in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1727, at the request of Governor Étienne Perier, nuns from the Ursuline Convent of Rouen (Normandy) went to New Orleans to found a convent, run a hospital, and take care of educating young girls.

The first building

The first building for the Ursuline nuns in New Orleans was designed by Ignace François Broutin in 1727 when the nuns arrived in New Orleans, at the request of Governor Étienne Perier.  Michael Zeringue (Johann Michael Zehringer), the King's Master Carpenter from Franconia, Bavaria and progenitor of all "Zeringue" families in Louisiana was the builder. Planning, collecting material, and construction took years. Existing drawings show the building in 1733, although it was not officially finished until the following year.

Colombage (half-timbered) or briquette-entre-poteaux (brick-between-post) was the major form of French Colonial construction in the colony during the 18th century (see also Pitot House). Usually the exterior walls were then given a protective covering of stucco or wooden boards; but the fact that the timbered walls of the Ursuline Convent were left exposed is confirmed by a drawing from 1737. Such construction proved to be inappropriate for the humid climate of New Orleans (with significant deterioration already apparent by 1745), in addition to being a fire hazard.

The historic second building
In 1745 plans for a new building of brick and protected colombage were prepared by Broutin. The contractor was Claude Joseph Villars Dubreuil, Contractor of Public Works for the King. His wife, Marie Payen de Noyan, was Bienville's niece. This new convent was completed by 1753. It is likely that Alexandre de Batz also took part in the design because several payments are listed to him for work on the new building. The second convent was laid out adjacent to the site of its predecessor, whose materials were partly recycled. In its original configuration, the building's front façade was that facing the Mississippi River; the Chartres Street entrance was located at the back of the building.

Built of stucco-covered brick, the present-day Old Ursuline Convent is typical for the French neoclassical architecture. It is a formal, symmetrical building, severely designed in its lack of ornamentation. No applied orders of pilasters or columns relieved the plain walls. Only the slightly arched window set in shallow moldings, the rusticated quoins at the corners and narrow central pedimented pavilion break the even rhythm of the fenestration. The broad plain hipped roof, broken only by small low-set dormers contrasts well with the multi-windowed façade and completes the austere but not unpleasant, finely proportioned building.

The ground floor was used largely for the dormitory, classrooms, refectory, and infirmary of the orphanage, maintained by the nuns. The second floor contained cells for the nuns, a library, (another) infirmary, and storerooms. Believed to have been salvaged from the original 1730s convent, a winding cypress staircase with cast iron handrail occupies part of the ground floor entry hall.

Details
"This is the finest surviving example of French colonial public architecture in the country," states the National Park Service.  It is by some accounts the oldest structure in New Orleans, built between 1748 and 1752. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The convent and its associated school, Ursuline Academy, moved downriver to a site on Dauphine Street in the 9th Ward in 1824, turning over the original convent to the bishop of New Orleans, Louis William Valentine DuBourg. It was referred to as the "Archbishop's Palace" following New Orleans's elevation to an archdiocese. In 1912 the convent moved uptown to State Street.

Later additions
The entrance portico was added after the bishop had taken residence. The construction of a gatehouse around 1825–1830 reoriented the building by repositioning the main entrance from the river side to Chartres Street. The Ursuline property covered two city squares, extending to Royal Street. An old ground plan shows a chapel at the corner of Ursulines and Decatur Streets, dedicated to Our Lady of Victory. Near the entrance to the grounds, along the levee, were also a reception house for visitors, the day school, and a residence for the chaplain. Between these buildings and the convent were gardens. To the right, moving up from the riverside entrance, were the hospital buildings, and beyond them military barracks.

Despite great interior alterations and decay, the Convent is considered one of the most important historical and religious landmarks in the United States and is one of the few remaining physical links with the French colonial period in Louisiana.

The third building
In 1824 the nuns moved to a new larger convent in the city's 9th Ward, and the present structure was turned over to the Bishop of New Orleans as a residence, and for a while came to be called "the Archbishop's Palace".  After 1899 it continued in use as offices for the Archdiocese and still later as a rectory for the adjacent St. Mary's Church.

See also
 French Colonial architecture
 History of the Ursulines in New Orleans
 Ursuline Academy (New Orleans)
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
List of the oldest buildings in Louisiana
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans Parish, Louisiana

References

Bibliography
CLARK Emily, Voices from an early American convent : Marie Madeleine Hachard and the New Orleans Ursulines, 1727 1760, Baton Rouge Editions, Louisiana State University Press, 2007

External links

1751 establishments in the French colonial empire
Buildings and structures in New Orleans
French colonial architecture
French Quarter
Museums in New Orleans
National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in New Orleans
Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1751
Religious museums in Louisiana
18th century in New Orleans


Borough Road was a mainline railway station in Southwark, south London, located on Borough Road, close to the location Borough Underground station.

It was on the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) and was first opened in June 1864 on the LCDR's City Branch. The line crossed the River Thames and ran up through St. Paul's (now Blackfriars) to terminate in the City of London.

From 1885, following the closure to passengers of Blackfriars Bridge station, Borough Road was the first stop out of central London for trains heading south from St. Paul's.

Ultimately, Borough Road was an early victim of competition from the City & South London Railway's Borough station opened nearby in 1890. Passenger numbers dwindled and Borough Road closed in April 1907, at which time it was owned by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Although there is no trace of the platforms, the former entrance to the station still exists below the Southwark Bridge Road viaduct. In 1916, two other stations on the line to the south, Walworth Road and Camberwell, were also closed. Today, main line trains run straight through from Blackfriars to either Loughborough Junction or Denmark Hill, stopping only at Elephant & Castle.

References

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1907
Disused railway stations in the London Borough of Southwark
Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway stations


"Bon-Bon" is a comedic short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in December 1832 in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier. Originally called "The Bargain Lost", it follows Pierre Bon-Bon, who believes himself a profound philosopher, and his encounter with the Devil. The story's humor is based on the verbal interchange between the two, which satirizes classical philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. The Devil reveals that he has eaten the souls of many of these philosophers.

The story, which received moderate praise, was originally submitted by Poe as "The Bargain Lost", and was his entry to a writing contest. Though none of the five stories he submitted won the prize, the Courier printed them all, possibly without paying Poe for them. This early version of the story has many differences from later versions, which Poe first published as "Bon-Bon" in 1835.

Plot summary
Pierre Bon-Bon is a well-known French restaurant owner and chef, known both for his omelettes and his metaphysical philosophies. The narrator describes him as profound and a man of genius, as even the man's cat knew. Bon-Bon, who has "an inclination for the bottle", is drinking around midnight on a snowy winter night when he hears a voice. He recognizes it as that of the Devil himself, who then appears in a black suit in the style of the previous century, and which is a bit too small for him. He wears green spectacles, and has a stylus behind one ear and a large black book in his breast pocket.

The two engage in conversation, Bon-Bon pressing the Devil for a philosophical exchange. He hopes to "elicit some important ethical ideas" that he can publish to make himself famous. Bon-Bon learns that the Devil has never had eyes, but is convinced his vision is better and "more penetrating" than Bon-Bon's. The Devil can see the thoughts of others and, as he puts it, "my vision is the soul."

The two share several bottles of wine until Bon-Bon cannot speak without hiccuping. The Devil, who explains that he eats souls, gives a long list of famous philosophers he has eaten, and his assessments of how each of them tasted. Bon-Bon suggests that his own soul is qualified for a stew or soufflé and offers it to his visitor at a bargain. The Devil refuses after Bon-Bon slaps him upon the back, saying that he cannot take advantage of the man's "disgusting and ungentlemanly" drunken state. As the Devil leaves, Bon-Bon tries to throw a bottle at him, but the iron lamp hanging above him comes loose and hits him on the head, prostrating him.

Themes and analysis
Like many of Poe's early tales, "Bon-Bon" was, as Poe wrote, "intended for half banter, half satire" and explores attempts at surviving death. Poe pokes fun at the pretentiousness of scholars by having his character make references to classic Greek and Latin authors, only to hear that their souls have been eaten. The comedy in the story is verbal, based on turns of phrase, funny euphemisms, and absurd names.

The phrase "Bonbon" stems from the French word bon, "good", and is often used to describe sweet eatables. Poe also draws on the ancient Greek tradition of the soul as pneuma, an internal flame that converts food into a substance that passes into the blood. As the narrator of "Bon-Bon" says, "I am not sure, indeed, that Bon-Bon greatly disagreed with the Chinese, who held that the soul lies in the abdomen. The Greeks at all events were right, he thought, who employed the same words for the mind and the diaphragm."

Among the Devil's victims are Plato, Aristophanes, Catullus, Hippocrates, Quintilian and François Marie Arouet (the real name of Voltaire). As Bon-Bon offers his own soul, the Devil sneezes, referring to an earlier moment in the story when the Devil says that men dispel bad ideas by sneezing.

Critical response
An editorial in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier thanked Poe for submitting the stories. The writer, presumably the editor, Lambert A. Wilmer, added that "we have read these tales, every syllable, with the greatest pleasure, and for originality, richness of imagery and purity of the style, few American authors in our opinion have produced any thing superior". A reviewer in the Winchester Republication wrote "Mr. Poe's 'Bon-Bon' is quite a unique and racy affair". William Gwynn, editor of the Baltimore Gazette, wrote that the story "sustains the well established reputation of the author as a writer possessing a rich imaginative genius, and a free, flowing and very happy style".

Publication history

Poe submitted "Bon-Bon" to the Philadelphia Saturday Courier under the title "The Bargain Lost" as an entry to a writing contest. Poe also submitted four other tales: "Metzengerstein", "The Duke de L'Omelette", "A Tale of Jerusalem", and "A Decided Loss." Though none of his entries won the $100 prize, the editors of the Courier were impressed enough that they published all of Poe's stories over the next few months.

"The Bargain Lost" was published on December 1, 1831. It is unclear if Poe was paid for its publication. There were several differences between this version and later versions: originally, the main character was named Pedro Garcia, his encounter was not with the Devil himself but with one of his messengers, and the story took place in Venice rather than France. The original text included the line "It was a dark and stormy night" as a tribute to Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The line was removed in later editions.

Poe retitled the story "Bon-Bon—A Tale" when it was republished in the Southern Literary Messenger in August 1835. It was later published in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in 1845.

The original epigraph preceding the story was from William Shakespeare's As You Like It: "The heathen philosopher, when he had a mind to eat a grape, would open his lips when he put it into his mouth, meaning thereby that grapes were made to eat and lips to open." Poe's final version of the story had a longer epigraph in verse from Les Premiers Traits de l'erudition universelle (The Most Important Characteristics of Universal Wisdom) by Baron Bielfeld.

Adaptations
"Bon-Bon" has not been adapted for the screen, but a rewritten version was performed off Broadway in 1920.

References

External links

"Bon-Bon, at Google Books (scanned books)
List of publications of "Bon-Bon" at the Edgar Allan Poe Society online

Commentary
"The Greek Joke in Poe's "Bon-Bon", Anthony Kemp, American Literature, Vol. 56, No. 4 (December 1984), pp. 580–583.

Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe
1832 short stories
Fantasy short stories
Fiction about the Devil
Works originally published in American magazines


Carnoy (; ) is a former commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Carnoy-Mametz.

Geography
Carnoy is situated on the D254 road, some  northeast of Amiens.

Population

History
In the First World War, the area was the site of heavy fighting, particularly during the Battle of the Somme. It was also one of the sites where large British mines were exploded on the first day that battle.

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Former communes of Somme (department)
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Michael of Synnada or Michael the Confessor (; died 23 May 826) was a metropolitan bishop of Synnada from 784/7 to 815. He represented Byzantium in diplomatic missions to Harun al-Rashid and Charlemagne. He was exiled by Emperor Leo V the Armenian because of his opposition to iconoclasm, and died on 23 May 826. He is honoured as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, his feast day is May 23.

Life
Nothing is known about Michael's early life. He was much influenced by Tarasios (Patriarch of Constantinople in 784–806), who tonsured him. Tarasios sent Michael, along with Theophylact of Nicomedia, to him to a monastery that Tarasios himself had founded on the shores of the Bosporus. By 787, when he attended the Second Council of Nicaea, Michael was already metropolitan bishop of Synnada, having been named to the position by Tarasios. Michael is recorded in all sessions of the council.

He is commonly identified with the Michahel episcopus who was one of the leaders (along with Petrus abbas, identified with Peter of Goulaion) of an embassy sent by Emperor Nikephoros I to Charlemagne in 802/3, to ratify the peace treaty between the two. Nikephoros used Michael and Peter, along with Gregory, the steward of Amastris, again as peace envoys in 806, when the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid launched a large-scale invasion of Asia Minor by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.

In 811/2 he led another embassy to Charlemagne, along with the protospatharioi Arsaphios and Theognostos, on behalf of Michael I Rangabe, in order to renew the peace treaty and negotiate a possible marriage of Michael's son Theophylact and one of Charlemagne's daughters. Despite a warm reception at Aachen and the ratification of a peace treaty between the two realms, Charlemagne, perhaps wary after the repeated failures of successive efforts to that effect over the previous decades, hesitated to agree to such a match. On their way to Charlemagne's court, the embassy passed through Rome, where Michael handed over the synodika (enthronement letter) of Tarasios' successor, Patriarch Nikephoros I, to Pope Leo III.

He clashed with the Emperor Leo V the Armenian over Leo's re-adoption of iconoclasm in 815. He was arrested and exiled to Eudokias. He died there on 23 May 826.

Veneration
He is praised in the Synodikon of Orthodoxy of 843, and is venerated as a saint by the Orthodox and Catholic Churches on 23 May. He is invoked for protection of crops from pests.

References

Sources

826 deaths
8th-century Byzantine bishops
9th-century Byzantine bishops
Byzantine diplomats
Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Byzantine Iconoclasm
Saints from Anatolia
Year of birth unknown
Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Byzantine prisoners and detainees
Bishops of Synnada
Ambassadors of the Byzantine Empire to the Abbasid Caliphate
Byzantine Empire–Carolingian Empire relations
9th-century diplomats


Don Carlos Oswaldo Ruspoli y Morenés, Caro y Arteaga, dei Principi Ruspoli (5 August 1932 – 25 October 2016) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and wife Dona María de Belén Morenés y Arteaga, García-Alesson y Echaguë, 18th Countess of Bañares.

He was the 5th Duke of Alcudia Grandee of Spain (formerly First Class) with a Coat of Arms of de Godoy (Letter of 28 November 1958), 5th
Duke of Sueca Grandee of Spain (Letter of 5 May 1979), 19th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón (Boletín Oficial of 3 January 1978 and Letter of 16 October 1978) and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Maestrante of Granada.

Ancestry

References
 Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles, Various (periodic publication)

External links

 Carlos Osvaldo Ruspoli y Morenés on a genealogical site

1932 births
2016 deaths
Counts of Chinchón
105
105
Carlos
Italian nobility
Knights of Malta
Grandees of Spain
People from San Sebastián


Der Pionier () was one of two official organs of the radical socialist Free Association of German Trade Unions (FVdG).

With its founding in 1897, the FVdG also started the newspaper Einigkeit (Unity) as its official organ. As the FVdG, came into conflict with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) more and more from 1903 on, anarchists, especially Fritz Köster and Andreas Kleinlein gained influence in the union federation. After the SPD and the FVdG completely severed relations in 1908, the founding of another organ directed against the press of the SPD to convince workers to leave the party and join the FVdG was considered. The question was discussed at the FVdG congresses in 1908 and 1910 and the unionists decided to start Der Pionier.

The first issue appeared in the fall of 1911 and the newspaper was published on a weekly basis from there on. As it was edited by the anarchist Fritz Köster, Der Pionier used a much more aggressive tone than Einigkeit. By 1912, it had a circulation of 4,500 copies.

During World War I, which the FVdG rejected, both Einigkeit and Der Pionier were suppressed. On 5 August 1914, Der Pionier published article written by Max Winkler and Fritz Kater, the head of the FVdG. This article reaffirmed the FVdG's antimilitarism in the face of the SPD-affiliated unions' collaboration with the German state. This became Der Pionier last issue.

References

Bibliography

Newspapers established in 1911
Publications disestablished in 1914
Defunct newspapers published in Germany
Defunct weekly newspapers
Socialist newspapers
German-language newspapers
Weekly newspapers published in Germany


The 1950 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1950 college football season. In its 14th and final season under head coach Peahead Walker, the team compiled a 6–1–2 record and finished in fourth place in the Southern Conference.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 6–4 record and finished in a tie for seventh place in the Southern Conference.   After 14 seasons under head coach Peahead Walker, Tom Rogers took over as head coach in 1951. The team was ranked at No. 57 in the 1951 Litkenhous Ratings.

End Jack Lewis and tackle Bill George were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1951 All-Southern Conference football team.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1952 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 5–4–1 record and finished in a tie for second place in the Southern Conference with a 5–1 record against conference opponents.

End Jack Lewis was selected by the United Press as a first-team player on the 1952 All-Southern Conference football team.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1953 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1953 college football season. In their third season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3–6–1 record and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 2–3 record against conference opponents.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1954 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1954 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3–6–1 record and finished in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 1–4–1 record against conference opponents.

End Ed Stowers and tackle Bob Bartholomew were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1954 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.  Bartholomew was the only unanimous selection by all 43 voters.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 5–4–1 record and finished in fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 3–3–1 record against conference opponents.

Tackle Bob Bartholomew was selected by both the Associated Press and the United Press International as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1956 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 2–5–3 record and finished in seventh place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 1–5–1 record against conference opponents.

Halfback Billy Ray Barnes rushed for over 1,000 yards and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1957 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 0–10 record and finished in last place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
College football winless seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1958 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3–7 record and finished in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


The 1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 6–4 record and finished in a tie for fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Quarterback Norm Snead and end Pete Manning were selected by the Associated Press and United Press International as first-team players on the 1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Snead later played 16 seasons in the NFL and was a four-time All-Pro selection. Guard Nick Patella was selected to the All-ACC team by the UPI.

Schedule

Team leaders

References

Wake Forest
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football seasons
Wake Forest Demon Deacons football


Vermont coppers were copper coins issued by the Vermont Republic. The coins were first struck in 1785 and continued to be minted until Vermont's admission to the United States in 1791 as the State of Vermont.

History
On June 10, 1785, the House of Representatives of the Freemen of Vermont met to select a committee of three to consider a request from Reuben Harmon, Jr. of Rupert to mint copper coins for the new entity Vermont. Though Vermont's legislative branch at this period was unicameral, the Governor's Council, a part of the executive branch, acted as a sort of upper house. The Governor's Council appointed one of its members to join the committee studying the proposal. On June 15, 1785, the committee presented to the House of Representatives of the Freemen of Vermont their recommendation that Vermont grant Harmon "...the exclusive right of coining Copper within this State for the term of two years..." The approved language required the coins to have a minimum weight of one-third of an ounce troy weight (160 grains). The House approved the measure and sent the recommendation to the Governor's Council which concurred. On June 17, 1785, Harmon posted a required bond and began establishing his mint situated beside Hagar's Brook in Rupert.

Design and motto

1785 and 1786 landscape design
The same committee was retained to select a motto for the coins, and to oversee design. The design of the obverse, on the initial 1785 and 1786 coins, featured the Sun rising above the Green Mountains and a plow in the foreground encircled by the inscription VERMONTS. RES. PUBLICA., which can be translated as the republic, or commonwealth, of Vermont. The design of the reverse of the coin is an almost wholesale appropriation of an earlier 1783 American coin called the Nova Constellatio (new constellation) design. It features a large single star emanating rays, with an eye within, it is surrounded by a wreath of 13 smaller stars, and they are encircled by the motto STELLA QUARTA DECIMA which translates as the 14th star. Subsequent issues altered the inscription on the obverse, variously using VERMONTIS. RES. PUBLICA. and VERMONTENSIUM. RES. PUBLICA.

1787 and 1788 bust design
In October 1785, with new Vermont coppers in circulation, Harmon sought an extension of his exclusive two-year contract.  An act, possibly written with Harmon, himself a former member of the House, extends the agreement eight years from July 1, 1787, and describes a dramatically different design.  The obverse is to bear a bust, encircled with a new motto reading AUCTORITATE VERMONTENSIUM. which translates as by authority of Vermont.  The reverse of the coin depicts a seated woman, and the inscription INDE ET LIB an abbreviation of independence and liberty.  Sixteen variations of dies on this second set of coins were made.  The new design closely resembled the British halfpenny then in circulation in the American colonies.  On that coin a bust of George III is encircled by the inscription GEORGIVS. III. REX. and the reverse with a seated female embodiment of Britain called Britannia.  A common explanation of the redesign of Vermont's coins, so close to the British half-pence model, has been made to make their circulation and exchange easier beyond Vermont's boundaries.

Symbolism
While the 1785 Act of the Vermont House describes the design of the bust and seated female figure design in detail, no notes of the period exist on the meaning of either the mottoes or imagery of Vermont's copper coinage. Twentieth century numismatists Kenneth Bressett, Tony Carlotto and Hillyer Ryder offer nearly identical explanations of the imagery and mottoes. The depiction of the Sun rising above the Green Mountains is to indicate peace, and possibly the approval of Divine Providence. The plow may simply represent agriculture, a primary activity and industry of the young state, but might also allude to the story of Cincinnatus the ancient Roman citizen-farmer who left his plow in the field to serve Rome as consul, fight the encroachment of aristocracy, and later return to his field. The large single star, with the eye, on the 1785 and 1786 issues, is nearly identical in design to a widely available typographic device, or dingbat,  of the time called the Eye of Providence, a Deist and Masonic image suggestive of an all-seeing God. Here however the star may simply be Vermont itself, centered among the 13 stars likely used to suggest the existing 13 American states. The addition of the motto STELLA QUARTA DECIMA, the 14th star, is cited as a hope for eventual statehood. The seated female on the reverse side of the second design is modeled on the Britannia figure then on British half-penny. A similar seated female is found on the reverse of the coat of arms of Vermont, and is described variously as Agriculture, or Ceres.

References
 Sources consulted

 Carlotto, Tony. The Copper Coins of Vermont and Those Bearing the Vermont Name. C-4: 1998. ASIN B0006QZJNQ.
 Doty, Richard G., Eric P. Newman, Kenneth Bressett, et al..  Studies on Money in Early America. The American Numismatic Society: 1996. ASIN B000KT1BDQ.
 Doyle, William T. "The Vermont Political Tradition and Those Who Helped Make It." Doyle Publisher: 1987. .
 Duffy, John J., et al. The Vermont Encyclopedia. University Press of New England: 2003. .
 Mussey, Barrows. Vermont Heritage, a Picture Story. A.A. Wyn, Inc.: 1947.
 Orton, Vrest. Personal Observations on the Republic of Vermont. Academy Books: 1981. .
 Potash, P. Jeffrey, et al. Freedom and Unity: A History of Vermont. Vermont Historical Society: 2004. .
 Ryder, Hillyer. Colonial Coins of Vermont. Durst: 1982. .
 Van de Water, Frederic Franklyn The Reluctant Republic: Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press: 1974. .
 Zieber, Eugene, Heraldry in America: A Classic Surverry of Coats of Arms and Insignia. Greenwich House: 1974. .

 Endnotes

External links

 Coin and Currency Collections in the Department of Special Collections University of Notre Dame Libraries web pages on Vermont coppers
 United States Mint web page on Vermont coppers

Pre-statehood history of Vermont
Copper
Historical currencies of the United States
Vermont culture
History of New England
Modern obsolete currencies
1785 establishments in Vermont
Sun on coins


Roy Larson Raymond (April 15, 1947 – August 26, 1993) was an American businessman who founded the Victoria's Secret lingerie retail store in California in 1977.

Early life and education
Roy Raymond was born April 15, 1947, in Connecticut.  He started an early business at age 13 in Fairfield that produced wedding invitations. He attended Tufts University, graduating in 1969. Raymond earned his master's degree in Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1971.

Career

Early career
Raymond worked in marketing for several companies early in his career, including Guild Wineries, Richardson-Merrell, and the Vicks company. His greater aspiration was to start his own business.

Victoria's Secret
On June 12, 1977, Victoria's Secret was founded by Roy and Gaye Raymond in Delaware. Raymond opened the first Victoria's Secret store at the Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, California. Raymond was inspired to start Victoria's Secret after feeling embarrassed purchasing lingerie for his wife in a department store. To open the store, he borrowed $40,000 from a bank and $40,000 from his family. Roy and Gaye Raymond worked together to design and launch the first store with a Victorian-inspired style. A reference to Queen Victoria, the name Victoria's Secret was meant to evoke the sophistication and propriety associated with Victorian era boudoirs while alluding to the 'secret' underneath the clothes. On selecting the name Victoria for the business, Raymond stated that there were "a couple hundred names we came up with, but only that one seemed to have all the elements for the character we were trying to portray."

The company earned $500,000 in its first year and Raymond started a mail order catalog and opened three stores in San Francisco.

Leslie Wexner discovered Raymond's store in the early 1980s, described it as unique, and declared that he had never encountered anything like it in his travels. Although Wexner was interested in purchasing Victoria's Secret, Raymond was initially wary of Wexner, who later stated "When I met him, it was as if he met the devil." Six months later the business was headed towards bankruptcy, and  Raymond contacted Wexner to discuss a potential sale. In 1982, after five years of operation, Raymond sold the Victoria's Secret company for $1 million to Wexner, with its five stores and 42-page catalogue, then reported to be grossing $6 million per year.

For approximately a year after the sale to Wexner, Raymond stayed on as president of Victoria's Secret while working towards the start of his next company, an upscale store for children called My Child's Destiny. In 1984, Raymond personally invested $850,000 in the new venture. The business catered to professional couples and sold computer games, imported dolls and expensive toys in a single store in San Francisco and through mail order catalogues. Business at the store suffered due to a poor location with limited walk in traffic and due to a limited marketing strategy which focused on the wealthy, lending to an image of being elitist. In 1986, the company was forced to file for chapter 11 bankruptcy. As Raymond had not incorporated the company, he was ultimately liable for the financial burden. He and his wife lost their homes (in San Francisco and Lake Tahoe) as well as their vehicles. He continued to generate business ideas and to work towards the launch of companies including a children's book store (Quinby's), a mail-order home-repair hardware business, and a company that produced wigs for those who had lost their hair due to cancer treatments.

Raymond secured funding to launch Quinby's from Diane Disney Miller and Ron W. Miller but within two years he was bought out due to financial disputes.

Personal life
Raymond and his wife, Gaye, had two children together, a son and a daughter; they divorced in 1990. After his divorce, Raymond was reportedly in a relationship with Peggy Knight of Ross, California.

Death
On August 26, 1993, Raymond ended his life by jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge. He was last seen walking toward the bridge, and hours afterward, his body was found by the Coast Guard near the Marin County shoreline. Investigators concluded that he had jumped off the bridge. Gaye Raymond stated that she believed he had suffered from depression following a series of business failures.

References

1947 births
1993 deaths
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Tufts University alumni
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
Suicides by jumping in California
Victoria's Secret
Golden Gate Bridge
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Connecticut
American company founders
1993 suicides


Eudokia (Late Greek: Εὐδοκία) was the first empress consort of Byzantine Emperor Justinian II.

Empress
The name and place of burial of Eudokia in the Church of the Holy Apostles was recorded in De Ceremoniis by Constantine VII. However little else is known of her. She is presumed to have been married to Justinian II during his first reign (685–695) and to have either predeceased him or divorced him by the time of his second marriage to Theodora of Khazaria in 703.

At some point before the Council in Trullo in 692, Eudokia appears to have aided in the migration of the bishop John and other Orthodox Cypriots to Cyzicus in an unknown capacity.

A daughter of Justinian is reported by the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor and the Chronographikon syntomon of Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople to have been betrothed to Tervel of Bulgaria between 704 and 705. Her name is presumed to have been "Anastasia", after her paternal grandmother, Anastasia. She is the only known child attributed to Eudokia.

Possible descendants
Modern genealogists have theorised Eudokia and Justinian II may have descendants among later Bulgarian and Byzantine royalty and nobility. The theories rely on the successful marriage of her daughter "Anastasia" to Tervel of Bulgaria; however, the Byzantine chroniclers give us only fragmentary knowledge of the Bulgarian royal lineages of her time and no clear description of the relations the Bulgarian monarchs had to each other. Thus there is little evidence to support them beyond the theoretical level.

See also

List of Byzantine emperors
List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses

References

7th-century births
7th-century deaths
Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
Heraclian dynasty
7th-century Byzantine empresses


This is a list consisting of all the heads of state of modern and contemporary Romania, from the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present-day in the early 21st century.

The incumbent head of state, as of , is President Klaus Iohannis, a former longtime leader of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR) for 12 years between 2001 and 2013 and, briefly, of the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 2014 as well.

In addition, Iohannis is the first Romanian president to stem from an ethnic minority of the country, as he is a Transylvanian Saxon, therefore part of the very small German minority still left in Romania. His second term will normally end in December 2024 and cannot be renewed, therefore being his last.

United Principalities (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Status

General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party/Romanian Communist Party

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any political party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim (i.e. acting) Presidents, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law.

Status

Timeline

See also

 Domnitor
 King of Romania
 President of Romania
 List of presidents of Romania
 List of presidents of Romania by time in office
 Prime Minister of Romania
 List of heads of government of Romania

Footnotes and references

 Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, București, 2007, pg. 266-267

External links

 The President of Romania
 Romanian Royal Family

Romania

Heads of state

bg:Крал на Румъния
da:Rumæniens konger
et:Rumeenia riigipeade loend
es:Gobernantes de Rumania
fr:Liste des souverains de Roumanie
id:Daftar Raja Rumania
it:Re di Romania
la:Index regum praesidumque Romaniae
pl:Władcy Rumunii
pt:Anexo:Lista de reis da Romênia
sl:Seznam predsednikov Romunije
zh:罗马尼亚君主


Jesse Manyo Plange (born January 18, 1988) is a Ghanaian boxer who won silver at the 2007 All-Africa Games and qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics.

At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, he lost in the second round to a Welshman. At the 2007 All-Africa Games, he lost the final to Suleiman Bilali. At the World Championships he was defeated by Chinese Yang Bo. In the Olympic qualification he defeated Thomas Essomba, then lost to Namibian Japhet Uutoni, and finally won against Algerian Hamoud Boubraouet to gain the third and final qualifying spot. In Beijing at the Olympics he upset Harry Tanamor in his first match but lost to Paulo Carvalho.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

 Bio
 Qualifier

1988 births
Living people
Light-flyweight boxers
Boxers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Ghana
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Ghana
Ghanaian male boxers
African Games silver medalists for Ghana
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games
Boxers from Accra


Sahibdin () was an Indian miniature painter of the Mewar school of Rajasthan painting. He was one of the dominant painters of the era, and one of the few whose name is still known today (another being the painter Manohar Das). Sahibdin was a Muslim, but that kept neither his Hindu patrons from employing him, nor him from composing Hindu-themed works of great value. Sahibdin's paintings deftly combine elements of the "popular Mughal" style then in vogue across northern India with the traditional Rajput style.

Among his surviving works are a series of musically themed "Ragamala" from 1628; a series on the scriptural text Bhagavata Purana from 1648; and illustrations to the Yuddha Kanda, the sixth book of the Ramayana, from 1652. His style can be seen to continue the figure style of the Gujarati era, while also incorporating new elements, like mountainous terrains, from Mughal art.

References

Mewar
17th-century Indian painters
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Painters from Rajasthan


Bileh Savar (, also Romanized as Bilesuvar) is a city in the Central District of Bileh Savar County, Ardabil province, Iran, and serves as the capital of the county.

At the 2006 census, its population was 14,027 in 3,251 households. The following census in 2011 counted 15,183 people in 4,033 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 16,188 people in 4,837 households.

The city is the site of a border crossing with Republic of Azerbaijan. Pile-Savar was built by a dignitary of the Buyid dynasty who was called Pile-Savar (the Great Rider). Road 33 connects it to Ardabil.

References

Bileh Savar County

Cities in Ardabil Province

Populated places in Bileh Savar County

Azerbaijan–Iran border crossings


Jean-Marc Ferratge (born 10 October 1959 in Cazères) is a retired professional French footballer who played striker.

Born in Cazères, Ferratge began playing professional football with FC Girondins de Bordeaux. He played in Ligue 1 for Bordeaux, Nîmes Olympique, Toulouse FC and AS Monaco FC, winning the league with Monaco in 1987.

References

External links
Profile on French federation official site

1959 births
Living people
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
Nîmes Olympique players
Toulouse FC players
AS Monaco FC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
French football managers
Pau FC managers


Kunjiran Madhavan, popularly known as TK Madhavan is an Indian cricketer, who played 26 first-class matches between 1956 and 1967 for Tamil nadu, as well as Kerala. Mahadevan played as a fast medium bowler and his pace attack along with Kerala’s CK Bhaskaran Nair often intimidated even the strongest batsmen of that era.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Kerala cricketers
Tamil Nadu cricketers
Indian cricketers
South Zone cricketers


Tetuán  is a district of Madrid, Spain.

Geography

Subdivision
Featuring a total area of around , the district is divided into 6 administrative neighborhoods (barrios): Almenara, Bellas Vistas, Berruguete, Castillejos, Cuatro Caminos and Valdeacederas.

History

When Leopoldo O'Donnell returned with his forces to Spain after the 1859–60 African War, the latter camped at a spot north of Madrid known as the  ("Fields of Amaniel") while a triumphal entry into the capital was being arranged for May 11th.
Some authors link the origin of the neighborhood to the camp, which would have acquired permanent structures as well as shops over time.
The area was renamed  ("Tetouan of the Victories"), after Tetouan, the Moroccan city where the victorious soldiers had come from.
Other authors claim that there were earlier buildings on the area.

The current district also comprises part of the territory of the former municipality of Chamartín de la Rosa, annexed by the municipality of Madrid in 1948.

The community is culturally diverse, with significant populations of African and South American immigrants, although Filipinos constitute the largest foreign population group in the district. Filipinos form the largest immigrant group in four of the district's six neighborhoods (Bellas Vistas, Berruguete, Castillejos and Cuatro Caminos), and the majority of Madrid's Filipino community lives in the district.

Architecture
Some areas of Tetuán have old and modest housing, characterised by one or two storeys and a rural appearance.
The older ones are in a popular Neo-Mudéjar style with decorations in brick.
They were self-built by masons who brought home a cheaper version of the techniques they were paid to apply in the then-building Ensanche of Madrid.
Those areas are contrasted by the business area of AZCA (Cuatro Caminos neighborhood), located in the southeastern corner of the district, and that features skyscrapers such as the Torre Picasso. Many neighbors frame the contrast in terms of a dichotomy lined up along the calle de Bravo Murillo: East of the street–rich; West of the street–poor.

Tetuán hosts the Madrid Central Mosque, the oldest and one of the two most important mosques in Madrid along the M-30 mosque.

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Aquí Tetuán

Districts of Madrid


The Japanese Horse of the Year is the highest honor given in Japanese thoroughbred horse racing. It is awarded annually by the Japan Racing Association (JRA).
Since 1987 the honor has been part of the JRA Awards. This award originally started as part of the Keishū Sha Awards in 1954 and since 1972 part of the Yūshun Awards.

Records
Most successful horse (2 wins):
 Shinzan – 1963, 1964
 Speed Symboli – 1967, 1970
 Hoyo Boy – 1980, 1981
 Symboli Rudolf – 1984, 1985
 Symboli Kris S – 2002, 2003
 Deep Impact - 2005, 2006
 Vodka – 2008, 2009
 Gentildonna – 2012, 2014
 Kitasan Black – 2016, 2017
 Almond Eye – 2018, 2020

Honorees
Includes honorees from 1954 to 1972, which was when the JRA Awards was called the Keishū Sha Awards.

References

Horse racing awards


is a Japanese retired Olympic champion judoka who competed in the middleweight division (80 kg) at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Biography
Sonoda was born in Yanagawa, Fukuoka, Japan. He attended the Fukuoka Institute of Technology, and won a gold medal at the 1969 World Judo Championships along with his older brother, Yoshio, who won the gold medal in the lightweight division (63 kg). After graduating, he began work at the Maruzen Oil Company (current Cosmo Oil Company), where he continued to practice judo. He joined the Fukuoka prefectural police force in July 1972, at the invitation of the police force's judo instructor. Sonoda had competed in the All-Japan Judo Championships 10 times from age 19, but Shozo Fujii had won the competition for three consecutive years prior to 1976, when the championship served as the qualifier for the 1976 Summer Olympics, and was seen as a lock for Japan's Olympic judo team. However, Sonoda defeated Fujii by a very close decision, gained his first appearance at the Olympics at age 29. He defeated Valeriy Dvoinikov of the Soviet Union by koka from an Osoto Gari in the finals to capture the gold medal.

Sonoda retired after competing in the 1978 Jigoro Kano Cup along with Kazuhiro Ninomiya. He and Ninomiya were rivals and friends for over 30 years, having been born on the same year, entered the same police force, competed in the same World Championships and Olympics, and having retired at the same time. He worked as a judo instructor for the Fukuoka prefectural police, and one of his pupils, Kie Kusakabe, appeared in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.

See also
 List of judoka
 List of Olympic medalists in judo

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
Japanese male judoka
Judoka at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka for Japan
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
People from Yanagawa, Fukuoka
Sportspeople from Fukuoka Prefecture
Olympic medalists in judo
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in judo
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1967 Summer Universiade
Fukuoka Institute of Technology alumni


The Montane Cordillera Ecozone, as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), is an ecozone in south-central British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, Canada (an ecozone is equivalent to a Level I ecoregion in the United States).  A rugged and mountainous ecozone spanning 473,000 square kilometres, it still contains "two of the few significant agricultural areas of the province", the Creston Valley and the Okanagan Valley. Primarily a mountainous region, it consists of rugged ecosystems such as alpine tundra, dry sagebrush and dense conifer forests. The interior plains are encircled by a ring of mountains. The area has a mild climate throughout the year, with typically dry summers and wet winters.

The corresponding name in the United States for this ecozone, where it is classed as a Level I ecoregion by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, which is identical though differently-named than the CEC system, is the Northwestern Forested Mountains ecoregion.

Geography
It contains the headwaters for the Fraser and Columbia rivers and many of their tributaries, notably the Thompson and Kootenay.

It is bordered to the west by the Pacific Maritime Ecozone, to the north by the Boreal Cordillera Ecozone, to the northeast by the Boreal Plains Ecozone, and to the southeast by the Prairies Ecozone.

Ecoprovinces
This ecozone can be further subdivided into four ecoprovinces:
Central Montane Cordillera
Columbia Montane Cordillera
Northern Montane Cordillera
Southern Montane Cordillera

Conservation

National parks
Seven national parks have been established in this ecozone:
Banff National Park
Glacier National Park
Jasper National Park
Kootenay National Park
Mount Revelstoke National Park
South Okanagan-Similkameen National Park Reserve (proposed)
Waterton Lakes National Park
Yoho National Park

Provincial parks
Dozens of provincial parks have been established in this ecozone. Some of the largest and most notable ones include:
Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park
Kakwa Provincial Park
Mount Robson Provincial Park
Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park
Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park
Wells Gray Provincial Park

See also
Canadian Rockies
Columbia Mountains
Thompson Plateau

References

Ecozones of Canada
Ecozones and ecoregions of Alberta
Ecozones and ecoregions of British Columbia


William Cotter (born 10 February 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician

A school principal before entering politics, he was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt, when he stood in the Cavan–Monaghan constituency at the 1989 general election to the 26th Dáil. He lost his seat at the 1992 general election, but at the subsequent elections to the 20th Seanad he was elected on the Labour Panel.

At the 1997 general election, he was stood again in Cavan–Monaghan, but did not regain his seat. He  was also defeated at the following elections to the 21st Seanad, and did not stand again for either the Dáil or Seanad.

He was an elected member of Monaghan County Council for the Carrickmacross electoral area from 1985 until 1999.

References

1943 births
Living people
Fine Gael senators
Fine Gael TDs
Heads of schools in Ireland
Irish schoolteachers
Members of Monaghan County Council
Members of the 26th Dáil
Members of the 20th Seanad
Labour Panel senators


The Kneisel Quartet was a string quartet founded in 1885 by violinist Franz Kneisel, then concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It continued to perform until 1917, and was generally considered the leading string quartet of its time in the United States.

Origin and history
The Kneisel Quartet was founded in 1885, soon after Franz Kneisel arrived in Boston as concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The original members of the quartet were all members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and this remained true, in spite of changes in personnel, until 1903, when the players resigned from the orchestra in order to devote their time and energy exclusively to chamber music. In 1905 they moved from Boston to New York City, where Kneisel had accepted a position at the recently created Institute of Musical Art (now the Juilliard School of Music). The quartet gave its final performance on 3 April 1917 in New York. In a statement announcing their retirement, Kneisel explained that henceforth he planned to devote himself to teaching and he wanted to avoid any decline in the quality of their performances.

Personnel

First Violin:
Franz Kneisel (1885–1917)

Second violin:
Emanuel Fiedler (1885–1887)
Otto Roth (1887–1899)
Karel Ondříček (1899–1902)
Julius Theodorowicz (1902–1907)
Julius Röntgen (1907–1912)
Hans Letz (1912–1917)

Viola:
Louis Svećenski (1885–1917)

Cello:
Fritz Giese (1885–1889)
Anton Hekking (1889–1891)
Alwin Schroeder (1891–1907)
Willem Willeke (1907–1917)

Repertoire and reputation
The Kneisel Quartet played an important role in the growth of appreciation for chamber music in the United States, and in the spread of European standards of performance and programming. The quartet adopted an uncompromisingly serious approach in their playing and choice of repertoire, making "no concessions to public ignorance". In place of the popular selections and excerpts from larger works that many audiences were familiar with, they regularly played complete quartets by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, and they introduced to American audiences many compositions that are now part of the classical repertoire, but were then new and unfamiliar, including works by Brahms, Dvořák, Smetana, Franck, Debussy, Ravel, and Schoenberg. They also played many contemporary works by American composers, such as Edward MacDowell, Arthur Foote, and George Chadwick, and were exceptionally supportive of the work of women composers and musicians, such as Amy Beach and Bertha Tapper, with whom they sometimes performed. The quartet toured widely and gave concerts in small towns across North America that had rarely, if ever, heard a professional instrumental ensemble playing serious works from the chamber repertoire. It was occasionally criticized for not playing more accessible music, and even in Boston and New York its concerts were not always well attended, but by the time of its retirement the Kneisel Quartet was widely credited with having created a more educated and appreciative audience for chamber music in the United States. As the New York critic Richard Aldrich wrote in 1917,

Selected first performances

 Brahms, String Quintet No. 2. First American performance, 6 November 1891.
 Loeffler, String Sextet. World premiere, 15 December 1893, New York,
 Dvořák, String Quartet no. 12 ("American"). World premiere, 1 January 1894, Boston (followed by the first New York performance on 13 January).
 Debussy, String Quartet. First American performance, 10 March 1902, Boston.
 Ravel, String Quartet. First American performance, 4 December 1906, Boston.
 Schoenberg, Verklärte Nacht. First American performance, 2 March 1915, New York (followed by first performances in Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago).

References

External links
The Love Family Papers at Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Yale University correspondence of Helen Love Scranton, secretary to Franz Kneisel.

American string quartets
American instrumental musical groups
Musicians from Bucharest
Cultural history of Boston
Musical groups established in 1885