Crime in Pakistan is present in various forms and occurs everywhere, especially in the many major cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Peshawar, Multan,  Hyderabad, Islamabad and Quetta. Among other general crimes, it includes major crimes such as murder, rape, gang rape, sexual abuse of a minor, kidnapping, armed robbery, burglary and carjacking. For example, in the city of Lahore 379 murders, 500 attempted murders, 2,650 abductions and 55 rapes have occurred in 2019. A direct relationship has been identified between the crime rate and unemployment rate in Pakistan. Elevated unemployment diminishes the attractiveness of legal endeavors, consequently raising the potential gains from illicit pursuits. As a result, the likelihood of an upsurge in illegal activities rises. Crime Statistics of Pakistan shows that there is a rapid increase in the number of crime reported over time like other countries of the world. It may be because of high unemployment, rising poverty, increasing inflation and urbanization. Some other non-economic factors are also responsible for it.

Organised crime

Organised crime in Pakistan includes fraud, racketeering, drug trafficking, smuggling, money laundering, extortion, ransom, political violence, etc. Terrorist attacks became common during the 2000s, especially in North-West Frontier Province, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Balochistan, Karachi and Lahore. Vehicle theft is common, particularly in the large cities.

Opium production

Pakistan falls under the Golden Crescent, which is one of the two major illicit opium producing centres in Asia. Opium poppy cultivation in Pakistan is estimated to be 800 hectares in 2005 yielding a potential production of 4 metric tons of heroin. Opium has been historically cultivated primarily in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in the areas near to the border with Afghanistan. Until the late 1970s, opium production levels were relatively static; it increased after 1979. An estimated $4 billion is generated from drug trafficking in Pakistan.

Crimes against women

Corruption and police misconduct
Corruption runs rampant throughout various sectors and facets of life in Pakistan, but when it comes to the prevalence of corruption, the Pakistan Police stand out as unparalleled. According to surveys and reports from international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the police force is consistently identified as the most corrupt institution in Pakistan.

See also
Pakistan Penal Code
Capital punishment in Pakistan
Human trafficking in Pakistan
Gambling in Pakistan
Human rights in Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan
Rape in Pakistan
Targeted killings in Pakistan
Honour killing in Pakistan
Sectarian violence in Pakistan
Religious discrimination in Pakistan
Terrorism in Pakistan
List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001

References

Works cited

External links
Crime (Samaa TV)

Torture Crime (Pakistan Crimes)

Pakistan forgiveness laws: The price of getting away with murder (BBC News, Jan. 6, 2020)
The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: New Evidence on an Old Debate (ScienceDirect, Oct. 2015)
Drugged up Pakistan: A billion dollar narcotics trade (Al Jazeera English, Oct. 10, 2014)
Pakistan Economic and Social Review Volume 47, No. 1 (Summer 2009), pp. 79–98


Bessie Bamber was a British artist from Birkenhead who was active between 1900 and 1910. It is not known if Bamber was her married name or maiden name.

Bessie Bamber worked in oils and specialised in painting cats, kittens and occasionally puppies. She usually painted on porcelain or opaline glass, and sometimes on a polished mahogany panel. She preferred to work using stuffed animals rather than live ones. There is no record of her exhibiting her paintings. A picture of three kittens with a pile of books was sold for £2,468 by Bonhams in 2004.

References

External links
Bamber's Kittens
Bessie Bamber on Artnet
Biography (J. Collins & Son, antiques)
Two Collies Jock and Lucy; and Best friends, two spaniels (Christie's - sale notice)
Kittens (Christie's - sale notice)
Kitten in a Blue China Bowl (Art.co.uk]
Eight Kittens (Oil on walnut panel, 1910 - Hamshere Gallery, London)

English women painters
Animal artists
Artists from Birkenhead
Year of death missing
19th-century British women artists
19th-century English women artists
19th-century English people


Charles Langlois (1692–1762) was a French actor who spent a large part of his career in Sweden, where he was to play an important part in Swedish theatre history as the originator of the first national theatre in Sweden, and its first director. He was also a composer.

Life and career
Charles Langlois was born in Paris and became an actor early in life with a travelling theatre troupe who toured the French countryside. He married his colleague, Jeanne Perrette le Chevalier, with whom he had a son, Alexandre, in 1718.

Moving to Sweden
In 1723, Langlois and his family arrived in Sweden as members of the troupe, which was hired to perform at the theatre of Bollhuset in Stockholm under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Landé. His speciality was playing kings and peasants within French theatre, and Scaramouche on the Italian stage, while his wife took the parts of queens and other characters. He wrote a libretto to celebrate the birthday of the Swedish queen in 1724, and performed in two such libretti for the queen as Pan, with his wife playing Première Bergère in 1726 and 1727.
 In 1727, he became involved in a conflict with Landé when he launched performances on Bollhuset without Landés approval.

When the French troupe left Sweden in 1727, the Langlois family stayed. In 1730, he was given permission to trade in luxury goods, although this would actually be run by his wife, who was quite successful as a businesswoman. Langlois himself was a French language teacher. Both he and his wife were engaged on different occasions as agents to hire a new troupe from France, Germany or the Netherlands, and in 1731, a German troupe was hired instead, though it is not confirmed if this should be contributed to their efforts.

The first national theatre in Sweden
When the first Swedish national theatre was founded in Bollhuset in 1737, there was a need for an experienced professional to organise the whole affair, and Langlois was hired as their director, a job for which he had great enthusiasm. The theatre was temporarily closed in the 1738–39 season, and Langlois became one of the most eager participants in the task of persuading the government to open it again. When it did, in 1739, he was replaced as director, but in 1740, when the government declared the theatre a private venture, the actors themselves formed a board of directors, with Langlois as the chairman. He shared this position with Johan Palmberg and Peter Lindahl as assistant directors, as he himself was considered too emotional to be diplomatic.

He was only used as an actor when the theatre offered performances in the French language, as he did not speak Swedish very well; the Langlois couple played the main parts in La Médée et le Jason in 1740, and in La scene de reconnaissance in 1748. Langlois and his wife were also active as French language teachers; him for the pages of the royal court, his wife for girls from the nobility.

When the Swedish troupe was fired by the royal house after the 1753–54 season and replaced with a new French troupe, Langlois sold his shares in the theatre. He was active in the French Du Londel Troupe, where he played some modest parts, until 1755, when he retired. He believed that the closure of the first national theatre was temporary, and in 1757, he made an attempt to get royal permission to open it again, but he did not succeed.

Langlois was not the only French immigrant of the 1720s who was to contribute to the first national theatre; Jean Delpergat was to be its decorator, Jean Marquard its dancing-master and the dancer Gabriel Senac had been a member of the French troupe of the 1720s, and the last was to be a part of the new French troupe until the 1757–1758 season. The situation was to be the same when the second (and lasting) Swedish opera, theatre and ballet was founded by Gustav III of Sweden, and French tradition was to be very strong in Swedish theatre culture until the 19th century.

References

 Svensk uppslagsbok. 1947 års utgåva.
 Byström, Tryggve, Svenska komedien 1737-1754: en studie i Stockholmsteaterns historia, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1981
 Sven Åke Heed: Ny svensk teaterhistoria. Teater före 1800 (2007)

1692 births
1762 deaths
French male stage actors
Swedish theatre directors
18th-century French male actors
Age of Liberty people
18th-century theatre managers


A magnetic level gauge is a type of level sensor, i.e., a device used to measure the level of fluids. A magnetic level gauge includes a “floatable” device that can float both in high and low density fluids. Magnetic level gauges may also be designed to accommodate severe environmental conditions up to 210 bars at 370 °C.

Magnetic level sensors

Magnetic float level sensors involve the use of a permanent magnet sealed inside a float whose rise and fall causes the opening or closing of a mechanical switch, either through direct contact or in proximity of a reed switch. With mechanically actuated floats, the float is directly connected to a micro switch. For both magnetic and mechanical float level sensors, chemical compatibility, temperature, specific gravity (density), buoyancy, and viscosity affect the selection of the stem and the float. For example, larger floats may be used with liquids with specific gravities as low as 0.5 while still maintaining buoyancy. The choice of float material is also influenced by temperature-induced changes in specific gravity and viscosity – changes that directly affect buoyancy.

Explanation

Exploring the physics and engineering behind this design, requires looking at basic magnetism. A standard bar magnet has two magnetic poles: north and south. (The north will read positive on a gauss meter and the south will read negative.) Magnetic field are mapped using magnetic flux lines. These lines are a graphical representation of the magnetic field density. They show the direction of flow for the magnetic field and represent relative field strength – the closer together the lines are, the stronger the magnetic field. Flux lines will always travel from the north pole to the nearest south pole and always leave and enter surfaces at 90°, or perpendicular to the surface. They can only travel in straight lines or curved paths, which means they can never make a sudden, abrupt change in direction. Flux lines will also always follow a path of least magnetic resistance. Most importantly, they can never cross one another.

Considerations

When selecting a magnetic level gauge it is important to take into account the strength of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is the heart of the magnetic level gauge – the stronger the field, the more reliable the instrument will function. Some manufacturers rely on a single magnet for their magnetic level gauges which causes the strength of the north field to be identical to, and as weak as, the south field. It is apparent that at the location of the indicators, switches and transmitters, the field would not be as intense. Some manufacturers use a single annular ring magnet, others use a series of single bar magnets in a circular array in their float design. In this design the relative field strength of the north and south poles will be equal to one another and less than that of a dual magnet design. Moreover, the field strength as you travel around the circumference will have high and low spots as you pass between the individual bar magnets.

References

Measuring instruments


David Richard Kingsley (June 27, 1918 – June 23, 1944) was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
A firefighter before the war, Kingsley joined the Army Air Forces from Portland, Oregon in April 1942, and by June 23, 1944 was a second lieutenant serving as a bombardier in the 97th Bombardment Group, Fifteenth Air Force. On that day, during a raid over Ploieşti, Romania, his aircraft was badly damaged and several crewmen wounded by fire from enemy fighters. When the pilot gave the order to bail out of the crippled plane, Kingsley voluntarily gave up his parachute to SSgt. Michael Sullivan, whose chute had been lost. Kingsley was killed when the aircraft crashed a short time later. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor ten months later, on April 9, 1945; the medal was presented to Kingsley's brother, Thomas E. Kingsley, by Major General Ralph P. Cousins.

Kingsley, aged 25 at his death, was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia.

Awards and honors

Medal of Honor citation
Second Lieutenant Kingsley's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty, June 23, 1944 near Ploesti, Romania, while flying as bombardier of a B17 type aircraft. On the bomb run 2d Lt. Kingsley's aircraft was severely damaged by intense flak and forced to drop out of formation but the pilot proceeded over the target and 2d Lt. Kingsley successfully dropped his bombs, causing severe damage to vital installations. The damaged aircraft, forced to lose altitude and to lag behind the formation, was aggressively attacked by 3 Me 109 aircraft, causing more damage to the aircraft and severely wounding the tail gunner in the upper arm. The radio operator and engineer notified 2d Lt. Kingsley that the tail gunner had been wounded and that assistance was needed to check the bleeding. 2d Lt. Kingsley made his way back to the radio room, skillfully applied first aid to the wound, and succeeded in checking the bleeding. The tail gunner's parachute harness and heavy clothes were removed and he was covered with blankets, making him as comfortable as possible. Eight Me 109 aircraft again aggressively attacked 2d Lt. Kingsley's aircraft and the ball turret gunner was wounded by 20mm. shell fragments. He went forward to the radio room to have 2d Lt. Kingsley administer first aid. A few minutes later when the pilot gave the order to prepare to bail out, 2d Lt. Kingsley immediately began to assist the wounded gunners in putting on their parachute harness. In the confusion the tail gunner's harness, believed to have been damaged, could not be located in the bundle of blankets and flying clothes which had been removed from the wounded men. With utter disregard for his own means of escape, 2d Lt. Kingsley unhesitatingly removed his parachute harness and adjusted it to the wounded tail gunner. Due to the extensive damage caused by the accurate and concentrated 20mm. fire by the enemy aircraft the pilot gave the order to bail out, as it appeared that the aircraft would disintegrate at any moment. 2d Lt. Kingsley aided the wounded men in bailing out and when last seen by the crewmembers he was standing on the bomb bay catwalk. The aircraft continued to fly on automatic pilot for a short distance, then crashed and burned. His body was later found in the wreckage. 2d Lt. Kingsley by his gallant heroic action was directly responsible for saving the life of the wounded gunner.

Legacy

The Klamath Falls Airport in Klamath Falls, Oregon was named Kingsley Field in honor of Kingsley's sacrifice.  A street was named for him in base housing at Lincoln Air Force Base (now closed) where the 97th was later stationed.

Memorial to David Kingsley and Suhozem victims was built in Suhozem, Bulgaria, near the crash site of his B-17. When Kingsley's plane crashed it killed a family of seven on the ground.  The memorial was dedicated on 23 October 2004 and was built using a part of his plane in the memorial. Kingsley's sister Phyllis Kingsley Rolison was at the dedication as was friends of the family killed when Kingsley's plane crashed.

In the month of December of 2019, the 173rd Fighter Wing at Kingsley Field Air National Guard Base brought an F-15C to Edwards Air Force Base, California for a Heritage paint job that was used to commemorate Kingsley.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1918 births
1944 deaths
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Military personnel from Portland, Oregon
United States Army Air Forces officers
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Recipients of the Air Medal
Aviators killed by being shot down


Sane () was an ancient Greek city in Pallene headland of Chalcidice. It is located between Mende and Potidaea. The city was a member of the Delian League. It is mentioned by Herodotus in connection with the march of Xerxes I in Thrace.

References

Cities in ancient Macedonia
Populated places in ancient Macedonia
Greek colonies in Chalcidice
Members of the Delian League
Former populated places in Greece


The Mojo Club is a music club and live venue in Hamburg, Germany located on the city’s famous Reeperbahn. Founded in 1989, it is considered to be a pioneer in the field of modern breakbeat-oriented sounds such as acid jazz and had a major impact on dancefloor jazz. Located in a former bowling alley at No 1 Reeperbahn, the old venue had to make way for a landmark new high rise development and closed its doors in 2003. Following a 10-year hiatus, The Mojo Club re-opened on 2 February 2013 in the same location, underneath the "Dancing Towers", designed by Hamburg-based architect Hadi Teherani, it entrance set into the forecourt of No 1 Reeperbahn, .

History

Founders Oliver Korthals und Leif Nüske started organising Mojo Club parties in Hamburg in 1989.

In 1991, the club found its permantent home in an abandoned bowling alley at the top of Hamburg's famous Reeperbahn, No 1.

Both the location, as well as the iconic logo, a black "M" surrounded by white prongs, quickly became synonymous for the club and the brand.

Its international reputation grew continuously throughout the 90s. As one of the protagonists of the German club scene, it also became the continental stage for the progressive London club sounds.

The genres most prominently featured by the club were Dancefloor Jazz and modern breakbeat sounds like Acid Jazz, including performances by artists like Massive Attack, Moloko, the Propellerheads, De La Soul, Faithless, Black Eyed Peas, D12 feat. Eminem  Pizzicato Five, Nightmares On Wax, James Lavelle, Roy Ayers, The Sugarhill Gang, Roni Size, Goldie, the E-Z Rollers as well as Kruder & Dorfmeister. Furthermore, the successful club compilations “Electric Mojo” and “Dancefloor Jazz” became known over the years and a highly innovative cultural program completed the picture with lectures like “Urban Poetry” and “Macht Club” in 1993 or Raphaël Marionneau's “Le Café Abstrait”, which paved the way for the chill out sound in 1996.

In April 2003 the Mojo Club was closed down and the building was torn down in 2009. Today there are three different building units on the premises of Reeperbahn 1:  a twin tower office block, a hotel and the new Mojo Club.

2013 reopening of New Mojo Club
Since reopening in 2013, the Mojo Club has moved its focus to becoming a live venue. While the old club hosted an impressive array of performers, the venue was not specifically made for live music. When the club was refurbished, particular attention was paid to meeting the technical specifications for live performances with excellent sound quality and acoustics. Performances at the new Mojo Club so far include Paul Weller, Anderson .Paak, TYLER THE CREATOR , BADBADNOTGOOD, Kokoroko, Mulatu Astatke, Tom Misch, Robert Glasper, Nubya Garcia, Thundercat, FKA TWIGS, Loyle Carner, Sevdaliza, Sons of Kemet, Dua Lipa, Snarky Puppy, The Streets, Ghostface Killah, Janelle Monáe, HIATUS KAIYOT, Celeste and Metric.

Architecture
The Mojo Club reopened in 2013 in the basements of the Dancing Towers, constructed between 2009 and 2012 based on a competition design by Hadi Teherani. The entrance to the club, concealed during the day, is set into the forecourt of No 1 Reeperbahn. In the evening, two hydraulically operated floor gates, decorated with the Mojo "M", open up to reveal the club's stairway entrance. On the ground floor of the Dancing Towers, the Mojo Jazz Café is located next to the entrance.

Designed by Thomas Baecker, the interior design of the club remains minimalistic, so as not to distract from the music. The club is laid out on two floors in a circular shape. Its centre is formed by the dance floor and the large stage, surrounded by two concrete bars.The upper level features a curved gallery.

Despite the predominant use of concrete, reminiscent of the club's earlier incarnation, wood was also increasingly used for the interior to give the club a warm atmosphere. Not only is the dancefloor made of wood, but also the wall panelling and floor-to-ceiling perforated, rotating slats. These can be adjusted to structure the space and dampen sound.

In keeping with the rather minimalist décor, no sponsor or advertising logos can be seen in the club or on its inventory.

Other Business Activities
Between 1992 and 1997 the Mojo Club ran two fashion stores in Hamburg named “Mojo – The Shop”.

The club sells its own-brand "Mojo Cola".

The record label Universal Records launched a sampler collection with the title “Mojo Club Presents Dancefloor Jazz”, of which 12 volumes were published between 1992 and 2005; volume 13 was published in 2008 by Edel Records.

Discography
The Mojo Club's most important exports were its music compilations, which were released on CD and vinyl from 1992. Since the first edition, the samplers of soul, jazz, bossa nova, disco and funk compiled by Oliver Korthals have enjoyed great popularity.

Dancefloor Jazz 1992-2008

The record label Universal Records released a sampler series entitled Mojo Club Presents Dancefloor Jazz, of which a total of twelve volumes were released between 1992 and 2005; volume 13 was released by Edel Records in 2008. In 2013, the Mojo Club Presents Dancefloor Jazz compilations were re-released by Universal as a limited vinyl edition. The concert recording "Joyce Live at the Mojo Club" can be musically classified as a dancefloor jazz release.

Electric Mojo, Remix Albums 1997-2008

The two series Electric Mojo and The Remix Album, as well as the recordings by Michael Sauer, Pulser SG and Rogue Soul can be allocated to the breakbeat-oriented club series Electric Mojo.

The Mojo Club Sessions - from 2014

This series, released in cooperation with Edel Records, features purely analogue recordings. From the microphones to the recording on Studer or Nagra tape machines, to the mastering and cutting of the music signal into the lacquer film, digital aids are dispensed with. The recordings for this series are mixed directly onto the two stereo tracks on location and during the creation of the music from up to 18 channels. They are released on record only.
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz (1992) CD, LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 2 „For What It's Worth“ (1993) CD, LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 3 „Work To Do“ (1994) CD, 2LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 4 „Light My Fire“ (1995) CD, LP
 Joyce „Joyce Live At The Mojo Club“ (1995) CD, LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 5 „Sunshine Of Your Love“ (1996) CD, 2LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 6 „Summer In The City“ (1997) CD, LP
 Electric Mojo, Vol. 1 „The New Format Jazz Sessions“ (1997) CD, LP
 Electric Mojo, Vol. 2 „Are Friends Electric?“ (1998) CD, LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 7 „Give Me Your Love“ (1998) CD, 2LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 8 „Love The One You're With“ (1999) CD, 2LP
 The Remix Album(1999) CD, 2LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 9 „Never Felt So Free“ (2000) CD, 2LP
 Mandarin, Vol. 1 "Chinese Chilling Thrills" (2000), CD
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 10 „Love Power“ (2001) CD, 2CD, 3LP
 The Remix Album, Part 2(2001) CD, 2LP
 Michael Sauer vs. Phoneheads „Why And How“ (2001) CD Single
 Pulser SG „How Do you Want It“ (2001) CD Single
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 11 „Right Now“ (2002) CD, 2LP
 Electric Mojo, Vol. 3 (2002) CD
 Mandarin, Vol. 2 "Wicked Wan Tan Tunes" (2002) CD, LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 12 „Feeling Good“ (2005) CD, 2LP
 Mojo Club presents Dancefloor Jazz, Vol. 13 „If You Want My Love“ (2008) CD, 2LP
 Rogue Soul „Rogue Soul“ (2008) CD
 Shantel & Bucovina Club Orkestar - The Mojo Club Sessions (2014) 2LP

References

External links

Mojo Club social media

Nightclubs in Hamburg
Buildings and structures in Hamburg-Mitte
1989 establishments in West Germany
Music venues completed in 1989
Music venues in Germany
Culture in Hamburg
Jazz clubs in Germany
Demolished buildings and structures in Germany
Buildings and structures demolished in 2009
Music in Hamburg
Music venues completed in 2013


"See The U.S.A. In Your Chevrolet" is a commercial jingle from c. 1949, with lyrics and music by Leo Corday and Leon Carr of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). The jingle was written for the Chevrolet Division of General Motors.

The song was the Chevrolet jingle sung on the show Inside U.S.A. with Chevrolet by Chevrolet's real-life husband-wife duo, Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healy. It became associated with Dinah Shore through Chevrolet's decade-long sponsorship of her television shows. Shore sang the song after 1952, and it became a signature song of hers. Later the song was also sung by Pat Boone on his Pat Boone-Chevy Showroom (ABC) from 1957 through 1960.

In the mid-1960s, Chevrolet was one of the sponsors for the Los Angeles Dodgers' radio coverage. When the Dodgers broadcast games on television, Chevrolet commercials were aired in which the song was sung by John Roseboro and Don Drysdale of the Dodgers. Upon seeing the commercials, Dodgers' announcer Jerry Doggett joked that Roseboro's and Drysdale's singing career "was destined to go absolutely nowhere."

The jingle currently belongs the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers under the title "See the USA in Your Chevrolet", without the punctuation marks. This is because the copyright of the song was filed under the original title.

Adaptations
Over the years, this song has also been customized by local Chevrolet dealerships, incorporating the dealer name, brands and/or area they service. One example can be found in Honolulu, Hawaii, where The JN Automotive Group used the Dinah Shore commercial footage in a 2011 TV commercial that featured their customers singing the song.

Automotive dealership Ellis Brooks Chevrolet (now Ellis Brooks Auto Center) in San Francisco, California adapted the song into "See Ellis Brooks Today for Your Chevrolet". The radio and television advertisement became iconic throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.

In popular culture
On February 6, 2011, during Fox's coverage of Super Bowl XLV, the cast of Glee did a cross-promotion with Chevrolet which involved Sue Sylvester enticing the glee club to do a commercial in which they would receive a Chevrolet Cruze if they participated, knowing that doing so would disqualify the New Directions from competing in any contests. Although the song was used in a dream sequence that involved a big budget production number, the group (in reality) declined Sue's bribe upon Rachel Berry's realization of Sue's ulterior motive, which had previously caused trouble for the Glee club in a season 1 episode, "Mattress". Chevrolet ran several Super Bowl advertisements, one of which was this 30-second ad. The ad served as a teaser for a 2-minute and 20 second ad featuring the Glee cast as singers and dancers during a Lea Michele-led rendition of "See the USA in Your Chevrolet" that aired during the Super Bowl lead-out program, which was "The Sue Sylvester Shuffle" episode of Glee. A 60-second version of the ad was aired along with movie trailers at nationwide movie theaters.  The commercial was also to promote the 2011 Glee Live! In Concert! tour. The "See the USA" ad was directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon. Russell Carpenter was the director of photography.

References

1949 songs
Chevrolet
Television music
Pat Boone songs
Road transportation in the United States
Songs about cars
Songs used as jingles
Songs with music by Leon Carr


Crime in Bangladesh is present in various forms such as drug trafficking, money laundering, extortion, contract killing, fraud, human trafficking, robbery, corruption, black marketeering, political violence, terrorism and abduction, wildlife trafficking, among others.

Narcotics trafficking

Bangladesh is used as a transit route for narcotics produced in neighboring countries. The Annual Report for 2007 from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), reports that Bangladesh is now the main transit point for the movement and trafficking of heroin from Southeast Asia into the European market . The report noted that the porous borders between Bangladesh and India contribute to the cross-border trafficking of narcotics.

The known means of trafficking drugs into Bangladesh are couriers from Pakistan, commercial vehicles and trains from India or Burma in addition to shipments from India via the Bay of Bengal.

It is estimated that 100,000 people are involved in narcotics trafficking in Bangladesh.

Homicides

A total of 10,331 homicides were reported to Bangladesh authorities from 2001 to 2003, showing a significant increase in recent years.

Software piracy

For the Asia Pacific region, Bangladesh is ranked as one of the main countries for Software Piracy. In 2008, it was estimated that the Software Industry loses nearly $102 million (USD) every year as a result.

See also
Prostitution in Bangladesh
Bangladesh drug war

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20121211092221/http://www.janaojana.com/q-2980
 DOI.org
 https://web.archive.org/web/20150610193907/http://www.unafei.or.jp/english/pdf/RS_No71/No71_19PA_Chowdhury.pdf


Andrew Thomas Smillie (born 15 March 1941) is an English former professional footballer who played as an inside forward.

Smillie was born in Ilford and played for Ilford, London and England Schoolboys. He joined the groundstaff at West Ham United in 1956 and gained three England Youth caps before signing professional forms with the Irons in 1958. After a senior debut against Southend United in the Southern Floodlight Cup on 10 March 1958, he made his First Division bow on 26 December 1958 against Tottenham Hotspur. In all, Smillie played 26 games for West Ham, leaving in 1961.

Smillie went on to play League football for Crystal Palace, Scunthorpe United, Southend United and Gillingham, before joining Folkestone Town in 1971. He later played for Ferndale.

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Footballers from Ilford
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Gillingham F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football inside forwards
Folkestone F.C. players


Virginio Vespignani (12 February 1808 – 4 December 1882) was an Italian architect.

Vespignani was born in Rome. A student of Luigi Poletti, he was highly interested in classical architecture, becoming one of Roman neoclassical's main figures. To graduate, he helped illustrate in collaboration with the engraver and architect Rossini a work on the Antiquities of Pompei and on The Seven Hills of Rome. He later would collaborate with a book by the archeologist Edward Dodwell, published in London.

In 1850 he built the neoclassical domed Church of the Madonna dell’Archetto around the shrine of the Madonna in Palazzo Muti.  He worked for a time as papal architect, and his works in Rome include the completion, restoration and rebuilding of the external facade of Porta Pia (1868) and the restoration of Santa Maria Maggiore and San Lorenzo fuori le mura.  He was also one of many participants in the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Paolo, and rebuilt and decorated Porta San Pancrazio (1857) and (1873).

In 1869, he became the main architect of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. He was professor of architecture at the Academy of Saint Luke, and became president of the institution. He served on many boards and honorary memberships. He helped restore the Papal palace in Anzio. He helped design the layout of the Cemetery of Rome (Campo Verano). He helped design the Palazzo of monsignor Ferrari in Ceprano, the church of Santa Maria in Capranica, and the Palace of Marchese Chino Ferrari in Ceprano. He helped design the New Theaters of Orvieto and of Viterbo. He was responsible for organizing pyrotechnic spectacles and stagepieces for festivals in Castel Sant' Angelo He worked on the restoration of San Lorenzo in Damaso. He has been awarded as knight of the Order of San Silvestro, and that of the Order of Christ of Portugal, or the order of San Gregorio. He received the Order of the Guadalupe of Mexico, a medal from Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, Charles the third of Spain. In 1855 the municipality of Rome conferred him a gold medal, for his work during a cholera epidemic.

References

External links
italycyberguide.com  Archived
www.info.roma.it
www.libroco.it

1808 births
1882 deaths
Architects from Rome
19th-century Italian architects
Italian neoclassical architects


The Center for Electron Nanoscopy (CEN) is a center for electron microscopy at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Inaugurated in December 2007, the institute was funded by a donation of DKK100 million from the A.P. Møller and Chastine Mc-Kinney Møller Foundation. DTU CEN houses seven electron microscopes built by FEI Company ranging from a standard scanning electron microscope to two highly specialized Titan transmission electron microscopes. The microscopes are available for use by both in-house and external users.

The center is located at DTU, in the northeastern end of the city of Lyngby. The instruments are housed in a new building designed especially for the microscopes, 314, and the offices are located on the first floor of the neighbouring building, 307.

References

External links

Center for Electron Nanoscopy (DTU CEN)
Homepage of Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Technical University of Denmark

da:Center for Elektronnanoskopi


Ernst Baron von Plener (18 October 1841 in Eger, Bohemia – 29 April 1923 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian statesman, son of Ignaz von Plener.

He was educated at Vienna and Berlin. He served in the diplomatic corps (1865–73) in the Paris and London embassies. He was then elected by the Eger Chamber of Commerce to the House of Deputies of the Imperial Diet () where he joined the Left.  He succeeded Herbst as head of the German liberals, both in Prague and in Vienna, and in 1888 was chosen leader of the party called United German Left.

As the acknowledged head of the German liberals in their struggles against the Slav conservative majority in the Diet, he represented Germanism on the nationalities question, but was not averse to concessions compatible with the maintenance throughout the whole monarchy of the position due to the German Austrians.  He supported Andrássy's policy in the Balkans in 1878. He sought to compromise the quarrel between Germans and Czechs, and the so-called “points” of 1890, a summary of the bases for a German-Czech understanding, were essentially his work.

From 1893 to 1895, while Minister of Finance in Taaffe's cabinet, Plener reorganized the Austrian and Hungarian mint.  In 1900, after five years at the head of the Court of Accounts (), he entered the House of Lords of the Diet.  He became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague.

Works
Plener wrote on English economic conditions, on Ferdinand Lassalle (1884), and on the Bohemian school and language questions (1886).  Titles include:
 Die Englische Fabriksgesetzgebung (English factory legislation, 1871)
 Englische Baugenossenschaften (English building cooperatives, 1873)
 Erinnerungen (Reminiscences, 3 vols., 1911–21)

His speeches were published by his friends in 1911.

Notes

References

External links

 Otto
 Rakousko-Uhersko (photo)

1841 births
1923 deaths
People from Cheb
German Bohemian people
Constitutional Party (Austria) politicians
Finance ministers of Austria-Hungary
Government ministers of Austria
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1873–1879)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1879–1885)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1885–1891)
Members of the House of Lords (Austria)
Members of the Bohemian Diet
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Austrian judges of international courts and tribunals
Austrian diplomats
Austrian non-fiction writers
University of Vienna alumni


Imperial Wax Solvent is a studio album by the Fall – the band's 26th –  released in the UK on 28 April 2008.

The album featured a new British-based lineup after the departures of the American musicians who had been recruited to salvage a 2006 tour of the US and subsequently appeared on 2007's Reformation Post TLC. Frontman Mark E. Smith, keyboardist Elena Poulou and bassist Dave Spurr remain from the previous incarnation. They were joined on Imperial by guitarist Pete Greenway (a guest guitarist on the previous album) and drummer Keiron Melling. Spurr, Greenway and Melling would prove to be the band's most stable lineup, enduring for six studio albums until Smith's death in 2018.

It was the first Fall album since 2001's Are You Are Missing Winner to have been turned around in a year. An album a year was always the norm for the group in the past but this practice slipped in the period 2001–2007 (2006 was the first year since the group's inception that saw the emergence of no new material at all, with a cover of the Monks' "Higgledy Piggledy" from the tribute album Silver Monk Time being the only recorded appearance).

Imperial Wax Solvent was also the first studio album since Are You Are Missing Winner to make prominent use of the low-fi production techniques which were previously one of the Fall's hallmarks: the Groundhogs cover "Strangetown" has noticeable skips, and certain tracks on the album are presented in mono.

Reception and release
The album was well-received by critics, scoring an 81/100 on Metacritic. The album entered the UK album chart at #35, the Fall's first time on the Top 40 since 1993's The Infotainment Scan reached #9.

The album received some press attention when, due to a pressing error, the music of the album was recorded onto the first shipment of Faryl Smith's debut album Faryl.

Imperial Wax Solvent was reissued by Cherry Red Records on limited edition translucent yellow vinyl for Record Store Day 2019 and as an expanded 3CD edition in 2020.

Track listing

"Strangetown" includes elements of "Garden", also written by McPhee and originally performed by the Groundhogs.

2020 expanded edition
Disc 1 - original album
as per original edition

Disc 2 - Britannia Row recordings 21/9/07
Unused recordings made at Britannia Row Studios in London.

Disc 3 - De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill on Sea, East Sussex 10/5/08
An entire live set recorded at De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill on Sea, East Sussex.

Personnel
The Fall
 Mark E. Smith - vocals, production
 Eleni Poulou - keyboards, vocals, lead vocals on "I've Been Duped"
 Peter Greenway - guitar
 David Spurr - bass guitar
 Keiron Melling - drums
Technical
 Grant Showbiz - production
 Andi Toma - production
 Tim Baxter - production
 Tom Pritchard - engineering
 Simon 'Dingo' Archer - engineering
 Olliver Groscheck - engineering
 Anthony Frost - cover art

Notes

References

2008 albums
The Fall (band) albums
Albums produced by Grant Showbiz


Hita is a municipality in the comarca of La Alcarria, in the province of Guadalajara (province), Spain.

Hita is known for the title "Archpriest of Hita" (Arcipreste de Hita) attributed to the author Juan Ruiz of the medieval Spanish poem The Book of Good Love (El libro de buen amor).

See also
Monastery of Sopetrán

References

External links
 Guía de Hita
 Sopetrán

Municipalities in the Province of Guadalajara


TEG Federal Credit Union (formerly Taconic Educators and Government Federal Credit Union) is a federally chartered credit union in the New York counties of Dutchess, Orange, Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan, and Ulster. As of 2020, the institution has $305 million in assets, 118 employees, and 36,000 members.

The credit union provides a wide range financial services including Consumer and Business Loans, Mortgages, Free Checking, and many other Consumer and Business deposit account options, plus MasterCard credit and debit cards.

History
In 1969, teachers from the Wappingers Central school district decided to create an alternative to the banks they had been using. Desiring a financial institution that would provide fair and equitable treatment, they successfully chartered the Wappingers Central Federal Credit on April 25, 1969, with the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).

In March 1976, credit union membership expanded to include the government workers of Dutchess County and the credit union's name changed to Taconic Educational and Governmental Federal Credit Union, or TEG Federal Credit Union as it is known by today.

In August 2000, TEG received a new community charter and opened its doors to all who lived, worked, worshiped, or attended school in Dutchess County. The most recent extension of this charter in December 2002 opened up the membership to all who live, work, worship or attend school in New York's Dutchess, Orange and Ulster Counties. TEG Federal provides an annual $1,000 scholarship to student members.

Branches
TEG FCU has branches in the following locations: Beekman, Fishkill, Hyde Park, Newburgh, Crystal Run, Poughkeepsie (Main Office - 1 Commerce St), Poughkeepsie (College Center -  11 Marist Dr) and Wappingers Falls.

References

External links
TEG Official website
TEG at Credit Union Access

Credit unions based in New York (state)
Poughkeepsie, New York
Organizations based in New York (state)
Companies based in Dutchess County, New York
Banks established in 1969


This timeline lists important events in the life and work of Huldrych Zwingli. His timeline is compared to important events in the life and work of his contemporary, Martin Luther, as well as other historical events.

Timeline

See also
Reformation in Switzerland

Huldrych Zwingli


The NASA Open Source Agreement (NOSA) is an OSI-approved software license.  The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) releases some software (such as NASA World Wind) under this license.

Legislation and NASA policy

Publication of open source software fits in with Agency functions outlined under the National Aeronautics and Space Act, that is, to "provide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof."

The NOSA was a point of discussion for NASA's Open Source Summit in March 2011.

Reception

NOSA 1.3 has been approved as an open source license by the Open Source Initiative (OSI). The Free Software Foundation, however, raises issue with the following clause:

G. Each Contributor represents that its Modification is believed to be Contributor's original creation and does not violate any existing agreements, regulations, statutes or rules, and further that Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by this Agreement.

The FSF states that "free software development depends on combining code from third parties", and because of this requirement that changes must be "original creation" the license is not a free software licence.

In 2018 a consensus study report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine acknowledged that uncertainties about the interpretation of the license served as "a barrier to contributing to NOSA-licensed software."

See also

 Permissive and copyleft licences
 Glossary of legal terms in technology
 List of software licenses

References

External links
 Text of the NASA Open Source Software Agreement in various formats
 Ames Research Center open source software
 Goddard Spaceflight Center open source software
 NOSA explained (with examples)

Free and open-source software licenses
NASA online


Gonario or Gonnario II (born c. 1090) was the Judge of Arborea circa 1116.  He is known to have been a scion of the House of Serra and married Elena, the heiress of Comita I of the Lacon-Zori. He left behind a daughter, Elena, and a son, Constantine I.

Sources
Fara, G. F. De Rebus Sardois.
Manno, Giuseppe (1835). Storia di Sardegna. P.M. Visaj.

Judges (judikes) of Arborea
1090s births
12th-century deaths


Seleucus of Alexandria () was a Roman-era grammarian. He was nicknamed 'Homeric'. He was a sophist in Rome (Second Sophistic era). He commented on pretty well all the poets, wrote a number of exegetical and miscellaneous works, the titles of which are listed in the Suda. There are some other in significant persons of this name. (See Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 496, ed. Westermann ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. pp. 86, 184, n., 522, vol. ii. p. 27, vol. iv. p. 10'6, vol. v. p. 107, vol. vi. p. 378.)

Works
According to the Suda, Seleucus wrote the following works (all lost):
On Differences between Synonyms (Περὶ τῆς ἐν συνωνύμοις διαφορᾶς)
On Things Believed Falsely (Περὶ τῶν ψευδῶς πεπιστευμένων)
On Proverbs of the Alexandrians (Περὶ τῶν παρ' Ἀλεξανδρεῦσι παροιμιῶν)
On Gods (Περὶ θεῶν, in 100 books)

References
Seleucus  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

Ancient Greek grammarians
Roman-era Alexandrians


Allan Shiach, who writes and produces under the pseudonym Allan Scott, is a Scottish screenwriter and producer, and former Scotch whisky executive. He was nominated for BAFTA's Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film and two Genie Awards for his 1997 film Regeneration. He has won the Edgar Award (1976) and Writers' Guild Award (1978). He was executive producer and co-creator of the multi-award-winning Netflix series The Queen's Gambit, a longtime collaborator of Nicolas Roeg, including co-writing his films Don't Look Now and The Witches.

Biography

Early life
Allan Scott was born in Elgin, Moray, son of Leslie (a lawyer) and Lucie Shiach. His father died in a car accident when Scott was 8. Educated at Gordonstoun School and McGill University, Montreal, where he obtained a BA(Hons) in English Literature. After training in the Scotch whisky industry, he worked as a writer for television both in the UK and the US during the 1970s whilst at the same time as serving as a non-executive director of Macallan-Glenlivet plc.

Career
He was chairman and chief executive of Macallan-Glenlivet from 1979 until the company was sold in 1997, and during this 18-year period the company's reputation for innovative and focused marketing and management had helped it to establish a highly successful, international brand of single malt whisky and increased its stock market value more six hundredfold. The company won the Queen's Award for Export on three occasions.

He served for several years on the Broadcasting Council of BBC Scotland and in 1986 succeeded Sir Denis Forman as chairman of the Scottish Film Production Fund. His subsequent chairmanship of the Scottish Film Council lasted for six years and following upon that body's initiative to create a new, broadly-based organisation for the Scottish screen industries, comprising the Film Archive, Media Education, Exhibition, Screen Locations and Production Fund; he was appointed chairman of the new organisation named Scottish Screen. Having chaired the interim board which supervised the transition and consolidation, he remained as chairman for a further year before stepping down in 1998, after twelve years of involvement with Scotland's filmmaking bodies.

While continuing his career as a screenwriter and producer, he was also a director of both Caledonian Newspapers and Scottish Television plc, and when the companies merged to form SMG plc he remained on the board for thirteen years. He was appointed a governor of the British Film Institute in 1992 and served that board for some six years. He is also a former chairman of the Writers' Guild of Great Britain, thus perhaps the only person ever to chair a trades union and a Stock Exchange company at the same time.

He was executive producer of the thriller Shallow Grave (1994). He also wrote and produced the BAFTA-nominated film Regeneration (1997), as well as The Fourth Angel (2001). He has written or co-written more than a dozen films, including The Awakening (with Chris Bryant, 1980) and five films directed by Nicolas Roeg: Don't Look Now (with Chris Bryant, 1973), Castaway (1986), The Witches (1990), Cold Heaven (1991) and Two Deaths (1995). He was also co-writer of The Preacher's Wife (1996) and In Love and War (1996). Scott was co-writer and script consultant on the Norwegian film Kon-Tiki (2012), which was nominated for an Oscar in 2013 in the foreign language category.

He is the originator, co-producer and co-writer of the stage musical adaptation of the 1990s film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, which opened in Sydney in October 2006 and has since become the most successful Australian stage musical of all time. Productions in over 30 cities have grossed a nearly $US500 million. The London production of the show ran for three years before it was launched in North America, beginning in Toronto prior to Broadway, where it was nominated for two Tony Awards. Other productions are being presented regularly in major centres around the world. It is the winner of 5 Australian Green Room Awards, an Olivier Award and the What's on Stage Award for Best New Musical, a Tony Award in the US, and in Canada 6 Broadway World awards and the Toronto Theatre Critics Award. In Italy it has won 4 DAPA Awards and in Argentina 7 awards. It has also won 12 Hugo Awards including Best Musical and 10 awards in Spain. In France it won a Best Musical Cristal Award.

He was executive producer and co-creator of the Netflix series The Queen's Gambit, adapted from the Walter Tevis novel of the same name, which Scott acquired the rights for in 1992, and directed by Scott Frank.

He is currently preparing a production of The Conjuror (co-written with David Ambrose), to be directed by Des McAnuff, as well as The Garden of the Black Martini (co-written with Allison Burnett), and two new musicals.

He has been awarded honorary doctorates by Napier University, Edinburgh (2007) and by Aberdeen University (2008), and is visiting professor of film at Edinburgh Napier.

Personal life
Scott married actress Kathleen Breck on 12 November 1966 and they have 3 children: Dominic, Philippa and Luke.

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
People from Moray
McGill University alumni
Scottish chief executives
Scottish screenwriters
Scottish film producers
People educated at Gordonstoun
1939 births
Writers Guild of America Award winners


Edward West (4 November 1930 – April 2002) was an English professional footballer who played as a left-back. His clubs included Oldham Athletic, Gillingham, and Doncaster Rovers and he played a total of 215 games in the Football League.

Early life
Born in Parbold, West lived in India for part of his youth, and during the Second World War he was evacuated to Wigan.  After leaving school he worked in the motor trade while playing amateur football.

Career
West played for Eastbourne United as an amateur before beginning his professional career with Doncaster Rovers, but did not play a first team game.  He had an unsuccessful trial with Aldershot, before joining Gillingham in July 1954.  Initially a member of the reserve team, he made his Football League debut for the club against Leyton Orient in September 1954.  The correspondent for the Sunday Dispatch wrote that West was "fully tested by the forceful Groves but after settling down kept a tight hold on him".  In his first season with the club, West played 28 times, but was sent off against Watford in March 1955.  In his second season with the club he was a near ever-present, playing 46 times, and the following season he played 26 times, missing a month of action due to injury.

After three seasons and exactly 100 professional games with Gillingham, West left the club and joined Oldham Athletic.  He spent four seasons with the club, making 117 Football League appearances.  In 1958, Tottenham Hotspur and Norwich City were both reported to be scouting West but ultimately did not sign him.

Playing style
West was slightly built for a full-back but fast and was described in 1956 as having "an almost uncanny anticipatory sense for danger" on the pitch.

Subsequent life
After leaving Doncaster, West emigrated to Australia and played football for a club in Bankstown.  He died in April 2002 in Mansfield.

References

1930 births
2002 deaths
People from Parbold
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Gillingham F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players


Barry Reisman is the host of The Barry Reisman Show, currently an hour-long, Monday-Friday radio program playing on WWDB, 860 kHz AM, in Philadelphia, featuring klezmer and other Jewish music. His Jewish music radio program has been running almost continually on various radio stations in the Philadelphia area since 1965.

Reisman started his radio career in 1962 at WRNJ-FM in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He switched to WSLT in Ocean City, NJ, and then to WMID in Atlantic City.

In 1965, he began his Jewish music radio program on WTEL in Philadelphia. The program soon moved to WQAL-FM, and in 1969 it moved again, to WIBF-FM. The show stayed at WIBF for 23 years until 1992 when it moved to WSSJ-AM in Camden, NJ. In 1998, the program moved to WNWR-AM in Philadelphia. In 2011 it moved back to its original station, now known as WWDB.

The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia  inducted Reisman into their Hall of Fame in 2011.

External links
 Biography at WWDBAM.com
 Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia

American radio personalities
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Harold G. Kiner (April 14, 1924 – October 2, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Kiner joined the Army from Enid, Oklahoma, and by October 2, 1944, was serving as a private in Company F, 117th Infantry Regiment, 30th Infantry Division. On that day, near Palenberg, Germany, he smothered the blast of an enemy-thrown hand grenade with his body, sacrificing himself to protect those around him. For this action, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later, on June 23, 1945.

Kiner, aged 20 at his death, was buried at Eastern Star Cemetery in his birthplace of Aline, Oklahoma.

Medal of Honor citation
Private Kiner's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
With 4 other men, he was leading in a frontal assault 2 October 1944, on a Siegfried Line pillbox near Palenberg, Germany. Machinegun fire from the strongly defended enemy position 25 yards away pinned down the attackers. The Germans threw hand grenades, 1 of which dropped between Pvt. Kiner and 2 other men. With no hesitation, Private Kiner hurled himself upon the grenade, smothering the explosion. By his gallant action and voluntary sacrifice of his own life, he saved his 2 comrades from serious injury or death.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1924 births
1944 deaths
People from Alfalfa County, Oklahoma
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from Enid, Oklahoma


The following is the final results of the 1994 World Wrestling Championships. Men's Freestyle competition were held in Istanbul, Turkey. Men's Greco-Roman competition were held in Tampere, Finland and Women's competition were held in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Medal table

Team ranking

Medal summary

Men's freestyle

Men's Greco-Roman

Women's freestyle

References
UWW Database

World Wrestling Championships
W
W
W
W
Wrestling
World 1994
Sports competitions in Istanbul
International wrestling competitions hosted by Finland
September 1994 sports events in Turkey
1990s in Istanbul
Sports competitions in Tampere
August 1994 sports events in Turkey
1990s in Sofia
Sports competitions in Sofia


The National Conference of Democratic Mayors is the representative body of city mayors in the United States affiliated to the Democratic Party, in the same way that the Democratic Governors Association represents state governors within the party. Founded in the 1970s, the National Conference of Democratic Mayors serves as a forum for Democratic mayors to discuss their goals and objectives with other mayors, party organizations, the Democratic National Committee, and private business partners. The organization provides resources for mayors such as talking points, newsletters, and fact sheets.

It participates in the U.S. Conference of Mayors and the National League of Cities.

Its executive committee is:
 President – Eric Garcetti (Los Angeles, California)
 Vice president – Nan Whaley (Dayton, Ohio)
 Vice president – Kate Gallego (Phoenix, Arizona)
 Vice president – Michael Hancock (Denver, Colorado)
 Vice president – Steve Adler (Austin, Texas)
 Secretary – Muriel Bowser (Washington, D.C.)
 Treasurer – Levar Stoney (Richmond, Virginia)

External links
 Homepage

Democratic Party (United States) organizations
Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)


Therapeutic misconception is a common ethical problem encountered in human subjects research. It was originally described in 1982 by Paul Appelbaum and colleagues. The idea was introduced to the bioethics community in 1987. The formulation given by Appelbaum et al. in 1987 was the following: “To maintain a therapeutic misconception is to deny the possibility that there may be major disadvantages to participating in clinical research that stem from the nature of the research process itself.”

Context and definitions
Therapeutic misconception did not receive great attention until the early 2000s, when references to the concept expanded significantly. Originally only used in the context of randomized controlled trials, the term is now commonly used among sociologists, neuroscientists, and clinical investigators.

Therapeutic misconception
Therapeutic misconception is detrimental to a subject’s understanding of a study, which is crucial for an autonomous decision. Certain factors can increase the risk of therapeutic misconception, such as studies that are similar to clinical care in terms of research design or when subjects have a limited scope of available treatment, such as a terminal phase cancer patient who is not responsive to known treatments. Strategies to minimize therapeutic misconception include giving a clear description of the research procedures and goals (e.g. explaining study design, treatment allocation and the possibility of receiving a placebo since the allocation is randomized) and having a comprehensive discussion, with the subject, about the voluntary nature of participation and of available alternatives.

Therapeutic misestimation
Therapeutic misestimation may occur when subjects overestimate the benefits that a study can grant them or when they underestimate the potential risks associated with a particular study. What separates therapeutic misconception from therapeutic misestimation is that in therapeutic misestimation subjects overestimate the benefits of a trial even though they properly understand how research procedures differ from the care they would otherwise receive in clinical practice settings. Studies where the chances of high benefit for subjects are low or where benefits are unlikely can cause misestimation. One way to address this issue with subjects is to give specific information about the probability and magnitude of the risks and benefits in a particular study.

Therapeutic optimism
Therapeutic optimism occurs when a patient hopes for the best personal possible outcome. It is possible for subjects to maintain optimism, while demonstrating an understanding of both the nature of research and the probability of important risks and benefits. The expert medical community typically don't view optimism as ethically problematic largely because an optimistic outlook can help in a patient’s healing process while still allowing them the understanding necessary to provide valid informed consent.

Unrealistic optimism
Patient optimism may "present an ethical problem for informed consent" if it is unrealistic: "optimism may also be the product of a bias in which a person believes that she is more likely to experience positive outcomes (or less likely to experience negative outcomes) than others similarly situated."

See also
Clinical trial
Informed consent
Belmont Report
Guidelines for human subject research

Citations

Additional references

Misconceptions
Clinical research ethics


Rodrigo de Ceballos (also Çavallos, Cevallos, Zaballos; c.1525-c.1581) was a Spanish composer.

He was born in Aracena (Huelva), and was ordained a priest in Seville in 1556. He was named maestro di cappella in Málaga in 1554, in the cathedral of Córdoba in 1556, and in Royal Chapel of Granada in 1561 until is death in 1581.

He is among the composers of the Andalusian school, alongside better-known composers such as Francisco Guerrero (who, with Pedro Fernández de Castilleja, gave him his holy orders) or Cristobal de Morales. His polyphonic works, preserved in various Spanish and Latin American cathedrals and monasteries, are often confused with those of Francisco de Ceballos, who was maestro at Burgos Cathedral from 1535 to his death in 1571.

Works
79 works of Rodrigo's are known to survive; these include 39 motets, three masses, eight psalms for Vespers, six hymns, eight settings of the Magnificat, a setting of Compline, and seven secular pieces.

Recordings
 Rodrigo de Ceballos – Lamentaciones Ensemble Gilles Binchois, dir Dominique Vellard. Alma Viva DS0136
Anthologies:
 Song of Songs Stile Antico (early music vocal ensemble)
 Canticum Canticorum: Spanish polyphonic settings from the Song of Songs Orchestra of the Renaissance dir Richard Cheetham (conductor), Michael Noone.
 El siglo de Oro: Spanish Sacred Music of the Renaissance London Cornett and Sackbut Ensemble, Pro Cantione Antiqua, dir. Bruno Turner.
 Medieval & Renaissance Gardens In Music Orlando Consort

References

External links
Biography in several languages

Renaissance composers
Spanish classical composers
Spanish male classical composers


The 97th Airlift Squadron is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron, assigned to the 446th Operations Group, stationed at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington.  It is a USAF Associate Unit of the active duty 4th Airlift Squadron, 62d Airlift Wing.

Overview
The squadron operates McDonnell Douglas C-17 Globemaster III aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission worldwide.

History

World War II
Activated in July 1943 as an I Troop Carrier Command Douglas C-47 Skytrain Squadron.  After training in the United States, at various bases,  sent to Baer Field, Indiana for final equipping with aircraft, personnel and other equipment.  Deployed to IX Troop Carrier Command in February 1944 during the build-up prior to the Invasion of France.

During the D-Day Invasion, the squadron  dropped paratroops of the 101st Airborne Division in Normandy, subsequently flying numerous missions to bring in reinforcements and needed supplies. During the airborne attack on The Netherlands (Operation Market Garden, September 1944), the squadron dropped paratroops, towed gliders, and flew resupply missions. Later participated in the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The squadron supported the 101st Airborne Division in the Battle of the Bulge by towing gliders full of supplies near Bastogne on 27 December 1944. In addition, its units participated in the air assault across the Rhine River in early 1945 (Operation Varsity) and later flew numerous freight missions to carry gasoline, food, medicine, and other supplies to allied ground forces during the Western Allied invasion of Germany in April 1945 near Wesel. The squadron also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals. It  transported displaced persons from Germany to France and Belgium after V-E Day.   Remained in Europe during the summer of 1945, inactivating as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe, October 1945.

Reserve operations and mobilization for the Korean War
Reactivated in the reserve as a Curtiss C-46 Commando troop carrier squadron in Minneapolis, Minnesota during 1947.   Was federalized as a result of the Korean War in 1951, squadron personnel and aircraft being sent to active-duty units as fillers,  inactivated as an administrative unit a few days later.

Return to reserve operations
Reactivated after the Korean War as a reserve fighter-bomber squadron in 1952 initially equipped with North American F-51 Mustangs, later upgraded to Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star jet aircraft.   Redesignated back to a troop carrier squadron in .   Carried out theater transport operations and supported Air Force and Army units with troop carrier missions.   Was activated during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, carried Army units to South Florida in preparation of a possible invasion of Cuba.   Returned Army personnel to home stations after situation was normalized and returned to reserve service.

The squadron flew airlift missions worldwide, including to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and to Southwest Asia during the Gulf War.  It has also participated in training exercises, some involving the dropping or landing of airborne troops.

The squadron has conducted worldwide airlift  including Supporting contingency operations in Panama, 1989–1990, and in southwest Asia, 1990–1991.

Campaigns and decorations
 Campaigns: World War II: Rome-Arno; Normandy; Northern France; Southern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe. Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait.
 Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: France, 6–7 June 1944. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 23 December 1964 – 22 January 1965; 26 January 1968 – 1 June 1969; 1 July 1969 – 30 June 1970; 1 July 1973-30 June 1974; 1 September 1982 – 31 August 1984; 1 August 1990 – 31 July 1992. Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm, 1 April 1966 – 28 January 1973.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 97th Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 May 1943
 Activated on 1 July 1943
 Inactivated on 18 October 1945
 Activated in the reserve on 15 September 1947
 Redesignated 97th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 27 June 1949
 Ordered to active duty on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 4 May 1951
 Redesignated 97th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 26 May 1952
 Activated in the reserve on 15 June 1952
 Inactivated on 1 July 1957
 Redesignated 97th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 24 October 1957
 Activated in the Reserve on 16 November 1957
 Ordered to active duty on 28 October 1962
 Relieved from active duty on 28 November 1962
 Redesignated 97th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy on 1 December 1965
 Redesignated 97th Military Airlift Squadron on 1 January 1966
 Ordered to active duty on 26 January 1968
 Relieved from active duty on 2 June 1969
 Redesignated 97th Military Airlift Squadron (Associate) on 25 July 1969
 Redesignated 97th Airlift Squadron (Associate) on 1 February 1992
 Redesignated 97th Airlift Squadron on 1 October 1994

Assignments
 440th Troop Carrier Group, 1 July 1943 – 18 October 1945
 440th Troop Carrier Group, 15 September 1947 – 4 May 1951
 440th Fighter-Bomber Group, 15 June 1952 – 1 July 1957
 440th Troop Carrier Group, 16 November 1957
 349th Troop Carrier Group, 25 March 1958
 349th Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
 941st Troop Carrier Group (later 941st Air Transport Group, 941st Military Airlift) Group, 11 February 1963
 939th Military Airlift Group, 25 July 1969
 446th Military Airlift Wing (later 446th Airlift Wing), 1 July 1973
 446th Operations Group, 1 August 1992 – present

Stations

 Baer Field, Indiana, 1 July 1943
 Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 9 July 1943
 Alliance Army Air Field, Nebraska, 7 September 1943
 Pope Field, North Carolina, 4 January 1944
 Baer Field, Indiana, 14–21 February 1944
 RAF Bottesford (AAF-481), England, 8 March 1944
 RAF Exeter (AAF-463), England, 26 April 1944 (operated from Ombrone Airfield, Italy, 18 July–24 August 1944)
 Reims/Champagne Airfield (A-62), France, 13 September 1944

 Le Mans Airfield (A-35), France, 28 September 1944
 Orleans/Bricy Airfield (A-50), 4 November 1944 – 18 October 1945
 Wold-Chamberlain Field, Minnesota, 9 April 1947 – 4 May 1951
 Fort Snelling, Minnesota, 15 June 1952
 Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport, Minnesota, 8 January 1953 – 1 July 1957
 O'Hare International Airport, Illinois, 16 November 1957
 Paine Air Force Base, Washington, 25 March 1958
 McChord Air Force Base (later Joint Base Lewis-McChord), Washington, 9 November 1965 – present

Aircraft

 Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper (1943–1945)
 Douglas C-47 Skytrain (1943-1945, 1948)
 Douglas C-54 Skymaster (1943–1945)
 Consolidated C-109 Liberator Express (1943–1945)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1949–1951, 1952–1957)
 Beechcraft T-7 Navigator (1950–1951)
 Beechcraft T-11 Kansan (1947–1951)
 North American T-6 Texan (1948–1951, 1952–1955)
 North American F-51 Mustang (1953–1954)
 Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star (1954–1957)
 Lockheed T-33 T-Bird (1954–1957)
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1957–1965)
 Douglas C-124 Globemaster II (1965–1969)
 Lockheed C-141 Starlifter (1969–2003)
 McDonnell Douglas C-17 Globemaster III (2003–present)

References

 Notes

Bibliography

Military units and formations in Washington (state)
097
1943 establishments in Indiana


Ostrowiec may refer to several places:

Ostrowiec, Grodno Region, a town in Western Belarus
Ostrowiec District, administrative region in Western Belarus
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, a town and county seat in south-central Poland
Ostrowiec County, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland
Ostrowiec, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Ostrowiec, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Ostrowiec, Sokołów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Ostrowiec, Myślibórz County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Ostrowiec, Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Ostrowiec, Wałcz County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

Ostrówiec may refer to several places:
Ostrówiec, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Ostrówiec, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Rail Riders, originally called Great Rail Club was a club for young rail enthusiasts run by British Rail in the United Kingdom between 1981 and 1991.  Membership entitled children aged 5-15 to discounted rail travel, receipt of a regular quarterly magazine called Rail Riders Express, and free entry to the Rail Riders World model railway exhibit at York railway station.

The organisation used the slogan the happiest club in the land and travel, action, fun! During 1981/82 the British Rail Passenger Marketing Services department considered the future promotion of the club.  The logo was based on a side-profile of the British Rail Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train (APT), and a knitting pattern for a pullover with the logo was made by Robin wools.

The club closed in 1991.

On 8 October 2019 it was announced that a new club, unconnected with the original, would revive the 'Rail Riders' name and would be launched in February 2020, nearly 30 years after the original club closed.

Mileage competition
The club ran an annual mileage competition. In 1989, this competition was won by Jonathan Carter, who set a world record of  travelled by train in one year.

Rail Riders World
The Rail Riders World model railway was opened by British Rail in April 1984 inside the old tea rooms at York railway station.  It was advertised by British Rail as "Britain's best model railway". Following the privatisation of British Rail the layout was sold off.  It was subsequently renamed York Model Railway.

In 2011, the model railway exhibit was moved by its owner William Heron to a new location in Hemswell Cliff in Lincolnshire.

Locomotives

The club sponsored two Class 47 locomotives, one from 1981 to 1988 and another from 1988 to 1992.  These were 47406 Rail Riders and 47488 Rail Riders. Locomotive 47406 was named by nine-year-old competition winner David Atkins at Newcastle Central station on 10 December 1981 with an additional full-colour circular plate with the Rail Riders logo added on 12 November 1985 in recognition of increasing membership numbers.  In May 1988 the plates were removed in preparation for installation on locomotive 47488, which took place on 9 August 1988 at Crewe Diesel TMD with the plates removed in August 1992.

Bachmann produced a run of 512 OO gauge models for Gaugemaster of 47406 Rail Riders in British Rail Intercity livery.

References

External links
 Examples of Rail Riders ephemera

British Rail
Clubs and societies in the United Kingdom
Model railroads
1979 establishments in England
Organizations established in 1979


Timachidas of Rhodes () was an ancient Greek poet and grammarian from the island of Rhodes who lived in 2nd/1st century BC. He wrote a hexametric poem entitled Deipnon or "Dinner Party" in at least four books (Supplementum Hellenisticum 769–73 BC), a lexicographical work known as Glossai ("Glossary"), and commentaries on various authors and works (Aristophanes' Frogs, Euripides' Medea, Menander's Kolax, Eratosthenes' Hermes). He is often identified with the co-author of the so-called Lindian Chronicle, an inscription published in 99 BC containing a list of dedications to the temple of Athena on Lindos on the island of Rhodes. However, this identification is far from certain. The most recent edition of the fragments of Timachidas include 1 testimonium and 35 fragments, mostly derived from Athenaeus, the lexicographical tradition (Harpocration, Hesychius), and ancient scholia.

References

Sources

Ancient Rhodian grammarians
2nd-century BC Rhodians
Ancient Greek food writers


Play the King (1983–1989) was a Canadian Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred and raced by Kinghaven Farms of King City, Ontario, he was sired by King of Spain, a descendant of the very important sire Nearco. His dam was Whisper whose sire Laugh Aloud was a son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Tom Fool.

Trained by Roger Attfield, in 1987 Play the King won several important stakes races at his home base at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto plus the Toboggan Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York. His performances earned him the 1987 Sovereign Award for Champion Older Male Horse as well as the Sovereign Award for Champion Sprinter.

In 1988, Play the King notably won his second consecutive Nearctic Stakes  and Toronto Breeders' Cup Handicap and ran second to Gulch in the 1988 Breeders' Cup Sprint. In addition to being voted Canadian Horse of the Year, his performances also earned him his second straight Sovereign Award for Champion Older Male Horse and for Champion Sprinter.

On May 20, 1989, Play the King broke an ankle while competing in the Maryland Breeders' Cup Sprint Handicap at Pimlico Race Course. The severity of his injury was such that he had to be euthanized.

References
 Play the King's pedigree and partial racing stats
 Play the King's Sovereign awards at the Jockey Club of Canada
 May 21, 1989 New York Times article on the death of Play the King

1983 racehorse births
1989 racehorse deaths
Horses who died from racing injuries
Thoroughbred family 1-k
Racehorses bred in King, Ontario
Racehorses trained in Canada
Canadian Thoroughbred Horse of the Year


Hedvig Charlotta Djurström (née Hoffman; 14 May 1807, Kalmar –  19 May 1877, Norrköping) was a Swedish stage actress.  She was the managing director of the Djurström theater company in 1841-1846.  She was one of the leading actresses of the countryside theater in Sweden and Finland during the first half of the 19th-century and referred to as the "Joan of Arc of the Countryside" after her most famous role.

Life

Charlotta Djurström was born in Kalmar.  She made her debut at the popular travelling theater company of Erik Stålberg, which became known as the Djurström Company when it was taken over by Erik Wilhelm Djurström (1787-1841) in 1827. She married director Djurström and took over the theater company as its managing director as a widow in 1841 until 1846.  In 1846, she transferred the leadership and the ownership of the company to the leading actor Rudolf Forsberg and continued as a member of his theater company in 1846-48.

Until the late half of the 19th-century, only the biggest cities in Sweden and Finland had theaters with permanent staff, and numerous travelling theater companies toured between the smaller cities and towns of Sweden and Finland to perform in the theater buildings or temporary stages. The career of Charlotta Djurström illustrated the career of a countryside actress, and she belonged to the most famous of this category in her time.

Initially mostly used in soubrette and breeches part, she continued to play the heroine roles, in which she was to be most known. She is most known for her role as Jeanne d'Arc in Orleanska Jungfrun ('Maid of Lorriane') by Schiller in 1832, which was actually the Swedish premier of this part, a role for which she became so famed that became known under the sobriquet the "Joan of Arc of the Countryside". In this role she was called "fiery tragic", and her performances in this part where so famed that it reportedly attracted audience from the most remote villages to see her perform. She performed some operatic parts as well when the theater company offered them, but as she could not sing, the actual singing was made by Angelique Magito.

Djurström is noted to have been respected also among the upper class, which was not usual for a countryside actor. She was described as a great beauty but also as a plotting diva by her colleagues. Her fame, however, was always reserved for the countryside: when her theater company performed in the capital of Stockholm in 1841, was not given very good reviews and Charlotta Djurström was described as not much more but a averagely good actress.

She was described by a critic in retrospect:
"Mrs D. was both in manner of face and figure one of the most beautiful actresses of her time, owned a considerable talent and was the most popular actress of the provinces during her career.  She is foremost known for her very praised interpretation of Maid of Lorraine by Schiller, a role she was the first in Sweden to perform. She also played Mary Stuart by Schiller with great success despite her tendency for convoluted pathos and stilted diction, and given much praise in the main roles of the romantic plays and drama staged by the company."

She was a member of the travelling theater companies of J. W. Weselius 1848—50, L. E. Elffors 1850—57, C. G. Hessler 1857—58, A. T. Schwartz 1858—59, and Thérèse Elfforss, W. T. Gille and Hessler.   During the last years of her career, she was engaged at the Ladugårdsland theatre in Stockholm, which she was described as an ornament of the stage.

She was the mother of four children within marriage, notably the actresses Emilie Djurström and Wilhelmina Djurström, as well as an illegitimate son, the actor Hugo Wilhelm Eberhard Djurström (1834—1863). She retired in 1864 and spent her last years in Norrköping. Charlotta Djurström died with her daughter Wilhelmina Djurström during a cholera epidemic.

See also
 Margareta Seuerling
 Therese Elfforss

References

 Nordensvan, Georg, Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Förra delen, 1772-1842, Bonnier, Stockholm, 1917 ['Swedish theatre and Swedish actors from Gustav III to our days. First Book 1772–1842'] (in Swedish)
 Europas konstnärer, 1887 (Swedish)

19th-century Swedish actresses
Swedish theatre directors
Swedish women theatre directors
1807 births
1877 deaths
People from Kalmar
Deaths from cholera
19th-century theatre managers
Actor-managers
Swedish theatre managers and producers
Women theatre managers and producers
19th-century Swedish businesswomen
19th-century Swedish businesspeople


Francis David Morice (23 June 1849 in St John's Wood – 21 September 1926 in Woking) was an English entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera.

The Reverend Francis David Morice was a noted theologist, linguist, and classical scholar who wrote Stories in Attic Greek (London, Rivingtons, 1883), still in print. Educated at Winchester, from which he passed in 1866 to New College, Oxford, he gained high distinction as a classical scholar, and in 1874 was appointed a master at Rugby under Dr. Jex-Blake. Here he remained for twenty years, retiring ultimately in 1894 to Woking, where he took a house next to his great friend Edward Saunders, and devoted himself to entomological research.

His work in entomology involved extensive travel. Morice made collecting expeditions to Egypt, Algeria, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Persia.

Morice was President of the Royal Entomological Society (1911-1912). He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery next to Edward Saunders.

Insects named in his honour include:
Ceratina moricei Friese, 1899
Colletes moricei Saunders, 1904
Hedychridium moricei (R. du Buysson, 1904)
Hylaeus moricei (Friese, 1898)
Mesoleptidea moricei (Schmiedeknecht, 1913)
Metadrosus moricei (Pic, 1904)

Works
Partial List

 1897 New or little-known Sphegidae from Egypt. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1897:301-316, pl. VI. Correction p 434.
 1900 Descriptions of new or doubtful species of the genus Ammophila Kirby from Algeria.Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) 5:64-70.
1900 An excursion to Egypt, Asia Minor, &c. in search of Aculeate Hymenoptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 36:164-172. “We had a sort of a pic-nic, organized by Dr. Dinkler on an island in the Nile. This island is known to the Doctor’s friends as Adelen-Insel – having been so named in playful compliment to Mme. A. Dinkler, his wife, and this name is immortalized in some recent German works on Egyptian Hymenoptera. It will not, however, be found in maps or other directories”
 1903. New Hymenoptera Aculeata taken by the Swedish zoological expedition to the White Nile in the spring of 1901. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) 12:610-615.
 1911. Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. The Sphegidae (Being Part V of the work commenced by the late Edward Saunders, F.R.S., in Trans. Entomol. Soc., 1901, p. 515).Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911:62-135.
1915 with John Hartley Durrant The authorship and first publication of the "Jurinean" Genera of Hymenoptera: being a reprint of a long-lost work by Panzer, with a translation into English, an introduction, and bibliographical and critical notes.  Transactions of the Entomological Society of London1914:339-436.
1917. Further notes on the "Jurinean" Genera of Hymenoptera, correcting errors and omissions in a paper on that subject published in Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1914, pp. 339-436. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1916:432-442.
 1921. Annotated lists of Aculeate Hymenoptera (except Heterogyna) and Chrysids recently collected in Mesopotamia and North-West Persia.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 27:816-828.

References
Anonym 1926 [Morice, F. D.] Entomologist 69 328.
Laing, F. 1926 [Morice, F. D.]  Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (3) 62 268-269.   B15
Musgrave, A. 1932 Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775 - 1930. Sydney
Poulton, E. B. 1927 [Morice, F. D.] Proc. Ent. Soc. London 1 75-76

External links

English entomologists
Hymenopterists
1849 births
1926 deaths
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery


Edward Talley was a Welsh Anglican priest in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

A Cistercian, Talley was educated at  the University of Oxford. He held livings at Llangathen and Eglwyscummin.  Langford was appointed Archdeacon of Cardigan in 1554.

Notes

16th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Archdeacons of Cardigan
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Welsh Cistercians
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests


A DLS format (from Downloadable Sound) is any of the standardized file formats for digital musical instrument sound banks (collections of virtual musical instrument programs). The DLS standards also include detailed specifications for how MIDI protocol-controlled music synthesizers should render the instruments in a DLS file. As a result, DLS can also be considered primarily a synthesizer specification and only secondarily a file format.

The current DLS standards were developed first by the Interactive Audio Special Interest Group (IASIG), and then by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA). Any future versions of DLS would be developed through the MMA working group process. The DLS specifications are published in English by the MMA and in Japanese by Association of Musical Electronics Industry (AMEI).

The DLS family is closely related to the proprietary SoundFonts format from Creative Labs. All versions of DLS to date are based on sample-based synthesis, however in principle the DLS file format could be used to represent instrument definitions for other sound synthesis techniques. "DLS" is an acronym for "Downloadable Sounds", and also the initials of DLS 1 project leader Dave Sparks of Creative Labs.

To date there have been three major versions of DLS:
 DLS 1: Basic single-oscillator synthesizer voice, for PCs and PC sound cards
 DLS 2: Adds per-voice lowpass filter + other enhancements
 Mobile DLS: Reduced feature set and memory requirements, for mobile phones

DLS is supported by the music synthesizers built into Windows and Mac OS X. Creative Labs sound cards for PCs support DLS. Numerous software music synthesizer products support DLS either natively or as an import format.

DLS has been incorporated into other standards. The MMA's Extended RMID format encapsulates DLS 1 or DLS 2 files with a Standard MIDI File using the RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format) container technology. The MMA's XMF Type 0 and 1 formats encapsulate DLS 1 or DLS 2 files with Standard MIDI Files using the XMF (Extensible Music Format) container technology.  The MMA's Mobile XMF format encapsulates zero or one Mobile DLS file and one Standard MIDI File using the XMF container technology. Mobile DLS is an optional media type in the 3GPP mobile phone standards starting from Release 6.

See also
SoundFont

External links
Specifications for DLS 1.x, DLS 2.x, and Mobile DLS
MMA list of DLS products and tools
Electronic Musician article on Downloadable Sounds

Official MIDI Standards Organizations
MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) - Source for English-language MIDI specs
Association of Musical Electronics Industry (AMEI) -Source for Japanese-language MIDI specs

Computer standards
Video game music file formats
Electronic musical instruments
DLS format
Music notation file formats
Software synthesizers


China Biosphere Reserve Network (CBRN) is a network established by the Chinese National Committee for UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1993.  Membership in the CBRN serves as a prerequisite for joining the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).  At present there are 191 members in the CBRN, including 34 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.

Note: "China Biosphere Reserve" is a nominal designation granted to the member reserves.

Beijing (2)
Songshan National Nature Reserve
Baihuashan National Nature Reserve
Tianjin (2)
Paleocoast and Wetland National Nature Reserve
Jixian Middle-Upper Proterozoic Stratigraphic Section National Nature Reserve
Hebei (4)
Changli Huangjin Hai'an National Nature Reserve
Wulingshan National Nature Reserve
Hengshuihu National Nature Reserve
Liujiang Pendi Geosites National Nature Reserve
Shanxi (3)
Pangquangou National Nature Reserve
Lishan National Nature Reserve
Wutaishan Meadow Provincial Nature Reserve
Inner Mongolia (23)
Xilingol Steppe National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Saihan Ul National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Hulunhu National Nature Reserve (WNBR, as "Dalai Lake")
Bayan Obo National Nature Reserve
Heilihe National Nature Reserve
Daheishan National Nature Reserve
Horqin National Nature Reserve
Xi Ordos National Nature Reserve
Nei Mongol Helanshan National Nature Reserve
Nei Mongol Darbin Hu National Forest Park
Nei Mongol Huanggangliang National Forest Park
Dal Nur National Nature Reserve
Gogastai Han Ul National Nature Reserve
Temeji National Nature Reserve
Huihe National Nature Reserve
Honggolj Mongolian Scots Pine Forest National Nature Reserve
Da Hinggan Ling Hanma National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Alxa Bactrian Camel National Conservation Area
Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Alxa Type) National Conservation Area
Gurgastai National Nature Reserve
Ergun National Nature Reserve
Bilahe National Nature Reserve
Daqingshan National Nature Reserve
Liaoning (5)
Shedao, Laotieshan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Baishilazi National Nature Reserve
Yiwulüshan National Nature Reserve
Liaohekou National Nature Reserve
Chengshantou Coastal Landforms National Nature Reserve
Jilin (5)
Changbaishan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Yitong Volcano Group National Nature Reserve
Longwan National Nature Reserve
Xianghai National Nature Reserve
Wangqing National Nature Reserve
Heilongjiang (10)
Fenglin National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Wudalianchi National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Zhalong National Nature Reserve
Xingkaihu National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Liangshui National Nature Reserve
Huzhong National Nature Reserve
Wuyiling National Nature Reserve
Cuibei Wetland National Nature Reserve
Honghe National Nature Reserve
Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve
Shanghai (2)
Chongming Dongtan Birds National Nature Reserve
Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve
Jiangsu (3)
Yancheng Littoral Mudflats and Valuable Fowls National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Dafeng Père David's Deer National Nature Reserve
Nanjing Yangtze Finless Porpoise Provincial Nature Reserve
Zhejiang (7)
Tianmushan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Nanji Liedao Marine National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Lin'an Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve
Shangougou scenic zone of Zhejiang Jingshan (Shangougou) National Forest Park
Qianjiangyuan park area of Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan - Baishanzu National Park pilot site
Xianju National Park (note: not a component of the National Park System of China, covered: Xianju NSHA/NFP, Xianju Shenxianju NGP & Kuocangshan PNR)
Baishanzu park area of Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan - Baishanzu National Park pilot site
Anhui (4)
Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve
Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve
Tongling Freshwater Dolphins National Nature Reserve
Huangshan National Scenic and Historic Area (WNBR)
Fujian (7)
Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Longqishan National Nature Reserve
Meihuashan National Nature Reserve
Fujian Fuzhou National Forest Park
Emeifeng National Nature Reserve
Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve
Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve
Jiangxi (7)
Poyanghu Migratory Birds National Nature Reserve
Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve
Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve
Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve
Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Wuzhifeng Provincial Nature Reserve
Guanshan National Nature Reserve
Shandong (3)
Huanghe Sanjiaozhou National Nature Reserve
Shanwang Paleofossil National Nature Reserve
Kunyushan National Nature Reserve
Henan (6)
Baotianman National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Jigongshan National Nature Reserve
Liankangshan National Nature Reserve
Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve
Dongzhai National Nature Reserve
Huanghe Wetland National Nature Reserve (Sanmenxia section)
Hubei (6)
Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Changjiang Tian'ezhou Whitefin Dolphin National Nature Reserve
Whitefin Dolphin National Nature Reserve at Xinluo Section of Yangtze River
Wufeng Houhe National Nature Reserve
Dalaoling National Nature Reserve
Hewangmiao Yangtze Finless Porpoise Provincial Nature Reserve
Hunan (3)
Badagongshan National Nature Reserve
Hupingshan National Nature Reserve
Jiuyishan National Nature Reserve
Guangdong (17)
Dinghushan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Nanling National Nature Reserve
Chebaling National Nature Reserve (WNBR) *
Neilingdingdao - Futian National Nature Reserve
Huidong Gangkou Sea Turtles National Nature Reserve
Shenzhen CAS Xianhu Botanical Garden
Zhujiangkou Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve
Leizhou Valuable and Rare Marine Organisms National Nature Reserve
Shixing Nanshan Provincial Nature Reserve
Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve
Zhanjiang Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve
Danxiashan National Nature Reserve
Xuwen Coral Reef National Nature Reserve
Leizhou Wushi National Marine Park
Nanpeng Liedao National Nature Reserve
Nanxiong Xiaoliukeng - Qingzhangshan Provincial Nature Reserve
Zhuhai Qi'ao-Dangandao Provincial Nature Reserve
Guangxi (12)
Shankou Mangrove Ecosystem National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Damingshan National Nature Reserve
Huaping National Nature Reserve
Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Beilunhekou National Nature Reserve
Longgang National Nature Reserve
Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve
Mulun National Nature Reserve
Jiuwanshan National Nature Reserve
Hepu Yingpangang - Yingluogang Dugong National Nature Reserve
Yachang Orchid Plants National Nature Reserve
Chongzuo White-headed Black Langur National Nature Reserve
Hainan (4)
Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve
Datian National Nature Reserve
Jianfengling National Nature Reserve
Dazhoudao Marine Ecosystem National Nature Reserve
Sichuan (13)
Wolong National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Huanglongsi Provincial Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Yading National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve
Changning Zhuhai National Nature Reserve
Miyaluo Provincial Scenic and Historic Area
Longxi - Hongkou National Nature Reserve
Dongyanggou Provincial Nature Reserve
Maozhai Provincial Nature Reserve
Micangshan National Nature Reserve
Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve
Baiyang Provincial Nature Reserve
Guizhou (10)
Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Maolan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Xishui Mid-subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest National Nature Reserve
Chishui Spinulose Tree Fern National Nature Reserve
Mayanghe National Nature Reserve
Weining Caohai National Nature Reserve
Leigongshan National Nature Reserve
Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve
Dashahe National Nature Reserve
Fodingshan National Nature Reserve
Yunnan (5)
Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve
Xishuangbanna Nabanhe Liuyu National Nature Reserve
Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve
Tibet (1)
Qomolangma Feng National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Shaanxi (10)
Foping National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Taibaishan National Nature Reserve
Changqing National Nature Reserve
Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve
CAS Shaanxi Qinling Botanical Garden
Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Tianhuashan National Nature Reserve
Pingheliang National Nature Reserve
Hancheng Huanglongshan Brown Eared-Pheasant National Nature Reserve
Hualongshan National Nature Reserve
Gansu (5)
Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve (WNBR)
Qilianshan National Nature Reserve
Anxi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve
Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve
Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve
Qinghai (1)
Sanjiangyuan National Park
Ningxia (2)
Helanshan National Nature Reserve
Yunwushan National Nature Reserve
Xinjiang (9)
Chinese Temperate Desert Region and the North Foot of Bogda Peak Biosphere Reserve (WNBR)
Altun Shan National Nature Reserve
Hanas National Nature Reserve
Tarim Euphrates Poplar National Nature Reserve
Qitai Desert Type Grassland Autonomous Regional Nature Reserve
Middle Tianshan Künes Mountain-Meadow Type Grassland Autonomous Regional Nature Reserve
Altai Shan Liangheyuan Autonomous Regional Nature Reserve
Bulgan He Eurasian Beaver National Nature Reserve
Karameili Shan Wild Ungulates Autonomous Regional Nature Reserve

See also

List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China
Protected areas of China
World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Asia and the Pacific

References

Bi
Cultural heritage of China
B
Biosphere