The Church of the Messiah, located at 114 North 3rd Street in Pulaski, Tennessee, in the United States, is an historic Episcopal church that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1887 and designed by architect George W. Quintard, the brother of Charles Quintard, the Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee.

History
The Church of the Messiah was established in 1834.

Its current building was consecrated on December 11, 1887, by Bishop Charles Quintard. Earlier in the year, the setting of the building's cornerstone had been attended by more than 3,000 people, including four Episcopal bishops and a former governor of Tennessee, John Calvin Brown. Money for construction of the church building was donated by Brown and his wife in memory of their daughter, Daisy Brown.

The church building was added to the National Register on July 28, 1983.

Current use
The Church of the Messiah is an actively functioning parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee. The current Priest-in-Charge is The Rev. Jess Reeves.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Giles County, Tennessee

References

External links
 Church of the Messiah website

Churches completed in 1887
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Churches in Giles County, Tennessee
Messiah
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Giles County, Tennessee


Frederick Clarke Withers (4 February 1828 – 7 January 1901) was an English architect in America, especially renowned for his Gothic Revival ecclesiastical designs. For portions of his professional career, he partnered with fellow immigrant Calvert Vaux; both worked in the office of Andrew Jackson Downing in Newburgh, New York, where they began their careers following Downing's accidental death. Withers greatly participated in the introduction of the High Victorian Gothic style to the United States.

Biography
Frederick Clarke Withers was born in Shepton Mallet, Somersetshire. He had a brother, Robert Jewell Withers, who also became an architect. He studied architecture in England for eight years under Thomas Henry Wyatt. He came to the United States in February 1852 at the invitation of the prominent American horticulturist and burgeoning architect Andrew Jackson Downing.
Withers and Downing later became family, as they married sisters: Emily Augusta and Caroline Elizabeth DeWindt, respectively. The sisters were great-grandchildren of President John Adams, and grandnieces of John Quincy Adams.
Downing drowned a few months after Withers joined his office on July 28, 1852, attempting to save his mother-in-law in the explosion of the steamboat Henry Clay.

Calvert Vaux, Downing's partner, then took Withers in as an assistant and later partner by 1854. Vaux included a design for a bookcase credited to Withers among those in his Villas and Cottages (1857), which records both designs of the firms Downing & Vaux and Vaux & Withers. A year prior to publication, Vaux dissolved the practice and left for New York City. Withers began plans for his first independent commissions, a series of country houses for clients in adjacent Balmville. His library for the Frederick Deming House, "Morningside" (1859–60) was deemed architecturally significant by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the late 1970s and removed for display. One of Withers's most radical and linear villas of these years was "Tioronda" (1859–60), built for Joseph Howland and his wife Eliza Newton Woolsey in present-day Beacon, New York. Set within a landscape by Henry Winthrop Sargent, Tioronda marked Withers's maturity as an architect and picturesque designer trained in Downing's vision.

At the outset of the American Civil War, Withers volunteered and received a commission as a lieutenant in the 1st New York Volunteer Engineer Regiment.  This experience added invaluable engineering experience to his architectural expertise. After 1863, he moved his practice to New York City from Newburgh. As an independent architect in New York working largely in the Gothic Revival mode, Withers wrote about architecture and designed in the highly colored Ruskinian Gothic manner. His first commission in 1859 for a High Victorian Gothic building, the Reformed Church of Beacon (1860) was likely secured through the congregation's associations with John Peter DeWindt, his father-in-law. Others in this style, such as the nearby Tioronda School (1865), were recognized by the National Academy of Design in 1866.

When A. J. Bicknell published Withers's Church Architecture (1873), featuring the school, the architect's reputation was secured.  Among his prestigious commissions in New York was the William Backhouse Astor, Sr. Memorial Altar and Reredos (1876–77) at Trinity Church. Withers's only cast-iron building stands at 448 Broome Street, Manhattan, but many of his urban designs went unrealized. By the 1880s he had separated from Vaux and worked in partnership with Walter Dickson (1835–1903), originally from Albany, New York.

A number of Withers's works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and further honored as National Historic Landmarks.

Jefferson Market Courthouse
Under the firm Vaux, Withers & Co., Withers designed his most famous building, the Jefferson Market Courthouse, built in 1874 on 10th St. in Greenwich Village, New York next to the Jefferson Market Prison. The Courthouse was made for the Third Judicial District and designed in the High Victorian Gothic style. The building was called "Jefferson Market" because the site chosen, in 1870 was at the time the Jefferson Market, the local produce market. The frieze on the outside of the building contains scenes from Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.

Selected architectural works
Halsey Stevens House, Newburgh, NY (1855), with Vaux

Daniel B. St. John House, "The Rest," Balmville, NY (1856)
David M. Clarkson House, "Glenbrook," Balmville, NY (1857)
Calvary Presbyterian Church, Newburgh, NY (1857–58)
St. Michael's Episcopal Church, Germantown, PA (1858)
Walter S. Vail House, "Maple Lawn," Balmville, NY (1859–60)
Reformed Church of Beacon, Beacon, NY (planned 1859; 1860)
Joseph Howland House, "Tioronda," Beacon, New York (1859–60)
Frederick Deming House, "Morningside," Newburgh, NY (1859–60)
St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Shreveport, LA (1860)
St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Newburgh, NY (begun 1864; unfinished)
Eugene A. Brewster House, Newburgh, NY (1865)
Tioranda School, Beacon, NY (1865)
Charles Kimball House, Brooklyn, NY (1865, demolished)
Newburgh Savings Bank, Newburgh, NY (1866–68, demolished)
John J. Monell House, "Eustatia," Beacon, New York (1867)
Chapel Hall, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC (1868–69)
First Presbyterian Church of Highland Falls, Highland Falls, NY (1868–69)
Administration Building, Hudson River State Hospital, Poughkeepsie, NY (1868–71)
President's House, Gallaudet College, Washington, DC (planned 1867; 1868)
St. Luke's Episcopal Church and rectory, Beacon, NY (1868–70)
Maj. James Goodwin House, Hartford, CT (1870, demolished)
Arcade Building, Riverside, Illinois (1871)
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Hanover, NH (1872)
Stephen L. Thurlow House, Wilkes-Barre, PA (1873–74)
Jefferson Market Courthouse, New York, NY (1874–79)
College Hall, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC (1875)
Addition, memorial reredos and altar, Trinity Church, New York, NY (1876–77)
Gymnasium, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC (1880)
Huntington Free Library and Reading Room, Westchester Square, Bronx, NY (1882–83)
Weehawken Water Tower, Weehawken, NJ (1883)
Heppenheimer Mansion, Van Vorst Park, Jersey City, NJ (1884)
Admiral John Henry Upshur House, now United States Daughters of 1812, National Headquarters, Washington, DC (1884)
Frank Hasbrouck House, Poughkeepsie, NY (1885)
Stable, James Roosevelt Estate, "Springwood," Hyde Park, NY (1886)
Episcopal Church of the Advent, Louisville, KY (1887)
Chapel of the Good Shepherd, Roosevelt Island), New York, NY (1888–89)
Trinity Episcopal Church, Hartford, CT (1892–93)
Zabriskie Memorial Church of St. John the Evangelist, Newport, RI (1894)
Lynchgate, Church of the Transfiguration and Rectory, New York, NY (1896)
The Tombs (Manhattan House of Detention), New York, NY (1902, demolished)

Writings

 "A Few Hints on Church Building" in The Horticulturist, 1858
 Church Architecture, New York: A. J. Bicknell & Co., 1873

Gallery

Bibliography
Francis R. Kowsky, The Architecture of Frederick Clarke Withers and the Progress of the Gothic Revival in America after 1850 (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980)
John Zukowsky and Robbe Pierce Stimson, Hudson River Villas (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1985)

References
Notes

External links

 Frederick Clarke Withers architectural drawings and papers, circa 1852-1890, held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University

1828 births
1901 deaths
19th-century American architects
Architects from Somerset
British emigrants to the United States
Gallaudet University people


Valery Ivanovich Shumakov (; 9 November 1931 – 27 January 2008) was a Russian surgeon and transplantologist, famous for being the founding father of organ transplants in Russia and was a pioneer of artificial organ surgery.

Career
Shumakov began his medical career by researching blood flow during congenital heart disorder operations.

He was the founding father of organ transplants in Russia, creating the Medical Research Institute of Transplantation and Artificial Organs, which he headed for more than 30 years (since 1974). He was the first doctor in Russia to successfully transplant a liver, a heart and a thyroid. Valery Shumakov has written more than 20 books and 450 scientific publications.

Shumakov was recognized by both the Soviet and Russian governments for his achievements in medicine. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, he also won the international gold medal Outstanding World Surgeon.

In 2002, Valery Shumakov received the Russian state's highest distinction, the Order of Saint Andrew. Speaking in the ceremony, Vladimir Putin described Shumakov as "a surprising personality, a scientist whose name known to the world and an uncommonly talented surgeon."

Honours and awards
 Hero of Socialist Labour (26 December 1990) - for outstanding contributions to the development of Soviet transplantation and its application in practice, fruitful scientific and social activities
 Order of Saint Andrew (3 November 2001) - for outstanding achievement in the field of health and medical science
 Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
2nd class (12 April 1999) - for outstanding contribution to the national transplant establishment and implementation of artificial organs in clinical practice, fruitful scientific and social activity'
3rd class (20 March 1995) - for outstanding achievements in health and medical science, advances in transplantation and artificial organs
 Order of Lenin (1990)
 Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" (1997)
 Honoured Inventor of the RSFSR (1978)
 USSR State Prize (1971)
 Laureate of the Russian Federation in Science and Technology (1997)
 Honoured Citizen of Moscow (1997)

See also
 Cardiothoracic Surgery
 Artificial heart

References

External links
 Biography
 Biography
 Biography
 Biography

1931 births
2008 deaths
Physicians from Moscow
Russian transplant surgeons
Russian cardiac surgeons
Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class
Soviet surgeons
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University alumni


The Argyn () tribe (or clan) is a constituent of the Kazakh ethnicity. The Argyn are a component, of the Orta jüz (Орта жүз; "Middle Horde" or "Middle Hundred"). Kazakhs historically consisted of three tribal federations: the Great jüz (or Senior jüz), Middle jüz, and Little jüz (or Junior jüz). Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari glossed Arghu as "ravine between two mountains", because the Arghu country was located between Tiraz and Balasagun.

Origin
Argyns are of mixed origins. A historical bilingual, yet steadily Turkicizing, people, Basmyls, likely contributed to the ethnogenesis of Argyns because both Basmyls and Argyns occupied roughly the same geographic location,<ref>Gumilyov, L. Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The trefoil of the Bird's Eye View' Ch. 5: The Shattered Silence (961-1100)</ref> in Beiting Protectorate, where Basmyls made their first recorded appearanceZizhi Tongjian; cited by Zuev Yu.A., Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (translation of 8-10th century Chinese Tanghuyao), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 104, 132 (in Russian) and which is now in western China, and still home to a Kazakh minority. Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari wrote that Basmyls spoke their own language besides Turkic.

They are handsomer men than the other natives of the country, and having more ability, they come to have authority; and they are also capital merchants." Kashgari mentioned an urban Argu people who spoke Middle Turkic with "a certain slurring (rikka'')", like people of Sogdak and Kenchek; Golden proposes that the Arghu were Iranian speakers undergoing Turkicization.

A 2013 study on Argyns genetics identifies twenty Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups: of these, G1a-P20 constitutes 71% of 2186 samples; R1a*-M198(xM458) 6%, C3c-M48 5%, C3* - M217(xM48) 3%; and other haplogroups represent less than three percent. The authors noted that "Tribe Argyn took on graph an isolated position, demonstrating the absence of genetic links with other Kazakh tribes."

Etymology
The name of the Argyns probably corresponds to that of the "Argons" mentioned by Marco Polo in a country called "Tenduc" (around modern-day Hohhot) during the 13th century. Polo reported that this clan who had "sprung from two different races: to wit, of the race of the Idolaters of Tenduc and ... the worshippers of Mahommet.

See also
Basmyl
Madjars

References

Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
Ethnic groups in China
Turkic peoples of Asia
Turkic people
Turkic peoples
Ethnic groups in Central Asia


These are the official results of the Women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 9 September 1982.

Medalists

Results

Final
9 September
Wind: 0.4 m/s

Heats
9 September

Heat 1
Wind: 1.5 m/s

Heat 2
Wind: 0.6 m/s

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.

 (2)
 (3)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)

See also
 1978 European World Championships 100m Hurdles (Prague)
 1980 Women's Olympic 100m Hurdles (Moscow)
 1983 Women's World Championships 100m Hurdles (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Olympic 100m Hurdles (Los Angeles)
 1986 European World Championships 100m Hurdles (Stuttgart)
 1987 Women's World Championships 100m Hurdles (Rome)
 1988 Women's Olympic 100m Hurdles (Seoul)

References

 Results

100 metres hurdles
Sprint hurdles at the European Athletics Championships
1982 in women's athletics


Mandothi is a village in the Jhajjar District of Haryana, India. It is about  northwest of New Delhi.

References

Villages in Jhajjar district


Mount Clark is a  granite peak in the Clark Range, a sub-range of the Sierra Nevada. It is a popular destination for mountaineers.

Both the mountain and the range are named in honor of Galen Clark, an early explorer and the first guardian of Yosemite National Park. It was summited in 1866 by Clarence King and James Gardener of the US Geological Survey. Before it received its present name, it was known as Gothic Peak and then The Obelisk, the name used by the Whitney Survey. Obelisk Lake, at  lies on the mountain's northeast flank.

Climate
Mount Clark is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range.

Gallery

See also

 Geology of the Yosemite area

References

External links

Mountains of Yosemite National Park
Mountains of Mariposa County, California
North American 3000 m summits
Mountains of Northern California
Sierra Nevada (United States)


The 1982 Thomas Cup was the 12th tournament of Thomas Cup, the most important men's badminton team competition in the world. The final round was held in London, England.

China won its first title after beating Indonesia in the final round.

Teams
26 teams from 4 regions took part in the competition. As defending champion, Indonesia skipped the Qualifications and the first round, and played directly in the second round at the Inter-Zone Ties.

Australasian zone

Asian zone
Western section

Eastern section

European zone

Panamerican zone

Qualification ties

Australasian zone

Asian zone

European zone

Panamerican zone

Inter-zone ties
The Inter-Zone Ties were played between May 10 and May 21, 1982, in England.

First round

Semi-finals

Final

References

External links
 tangkis.tripod.com
 Mike's Badminton Populorum

Thomas Cup
Thomas Cup
Thomas & Uber Cup
1982 in English sport


"Blanket on the Ground" is a song written by Roger Bowling, and recorded by American country music singer Billie Jo Spears.  It was released in February 1975 as the second single and title track from the album Blanket on the Ground. Irish born singer Philomena Begley covered the song as the lead single from her 1975 LP of the same name. The single was released on August 4, 1975 in Ireland and August 6, 1975 in the United Kingdom reaching number 1 and number 4 in the UK and Ireland respectively.

Content
The song is sung from the point of view of a middle-aged woman who coaxes her hesitant husband outdoors to make love in the moonlight.

Chart performance
The song reached #1 on Billboard Magazine's Hot Country Singles chart, and #78 on the Hot 100 pop charts. In the United Kingdom, the song reached #6 on the pop charts.

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Philomena Begley version

"Blanket On The Ground" was covered by Country music artist Philomena Begley as the lead single from her 1975 LP of the same name . The single was released on August 4, 1975 in Ireland and August 6, 1975 in the United Kingdom. The LP was re-released on CD in 1988.

Background
Begley's cover took her to number five in the Irish chart. Spears also released the song in the United Kingdom and in Ireland at the same time as Begley, but Begley's version received the highest sales, as Spears' version only went to number 11. Begley occasionally performed the song with Spears and later recorded a tribute song to her after the American star's death in 2011. Begley's edition has been re-recorded a number of times since and is featured on her 'Greatest Hits' album.

Chart performance

References

1975 singles
1975 songs
Billie Jo Spears songs
Songs written by Roger Bowling (songwriter)
Song recordings produced by Larry Butler (producer)
United Artists Records singles


| purse      = £120,000 (2020)1st: £68,340
|}

The Yorkshire Rose Mares' Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt horse race in Great Britain which is open to mares aged four years or older. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of about 2 miles and half a furlong (2 miles and 128 yards or 3,335 metres), and during its running there are eight hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February. It was first run in 2008.

Winners

 The 2011 and 2013 runnings were abandoned because of frost.

See also
 Horseracing in Great Britain
 List of British National Hunt races

References
 Racing Post:
 , , , , , , , , ,
 ,

 pedigreequery.com – Doncaster Mares' Hurdle – Doncaster.

National Hunt races in Great Britain
Doncaster Racecourse
National Hunt hurdle races


The Edge with Jake Sasseville is an American late-night television talk show created and hosted by Jake Sasseville. The series combined celebrity interviews, unscripted comedy, and behind-the-scenes footage.  The program was produced by Sasseville's production company, Foot in Mouth, Inc., and was based in New York, New York. It began on Public-access television in Auburn, Maine in 2001, aired briefly on Fox affiliates in Maine in 2004, and its first 13-episode national season began airing on at least 37 ABC affiliates on February 14, 2008. The show stopped airing in 2010 and Sasseville now hosts Late Night Republic. When it ran, in most markets, the program aired at 1:05 a.m. on Friday mornings following Jimmy Kimmel Live! The program has followed an unusual path of obtaining nationwide exposure by purchasing blocks of airtime in local markets and selling advertising itself. Initial nationwide sponsors included the Ford Motor Company, Overstock.com, and Red Bull.

Other media

Marketing
In an attempt to convince ABC affiliates to adopt the program, Sasseville began a campaign titled "Jake After Jimmy" during the 2007 Crocs Next Step Campus Tour featuring the band Guster. Sasseville emceed the tour and encouraged crowd members to send messages to ABC affiliate managers by logging onto his Web site, JakeAfterJimmy.com. Author Brandon Mendelson is quoted in the press as being a co-creator and in charge of the online efforts behind the Jake After Jimmy campaign.

Notes

External links
 Late Night Republic (official site)

American television talk shows


These are the official results of the Women's Discus Throw event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 8 September 1982.

Medalists

Results

Final
8 September

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.

 (3)
 (1)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)

See also
 1980 Women's Olympic Discus Throw (Moscow)
 1983 Women's World Championships Discus Throw (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Olympic Discus Throw (Los Angeles)
 1987 Women's World Championships Discus Throw (Rome)
 1988 Women's Olympic Discus Throw (Seoul)

References

 Results

Discus throw
Discus throw at the European Athletics Championships
1982 in women's athletics


Den Haag Ypenburg is a railway station in the Leidschenveen-Ypenburg district of The Hague, Netherlands. It opened on 11 December 2005. It is situated on the Gouda–Den Haag railway.

Train services
The following train services currently call at Den Haag Ypenburg:
2x per hour local service (sprinter) The Hague - Gouda - Utrecht
2x per hour local service (stoptrein) The Hague - Gouda Goverwelle

Gallery

External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Ypenburg
Railway stations opened in 2005
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 2000s


Geoffrey J.D. Hewings (born 1943) is Professor of Geography and Regional Science, of Economics, of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States. He is also the Director of the Regional Economics Applications Laboratory.

Sources
http://www.real.uiuc.edu/
http://www.regionalscience.org/CompNAwards/hewingsaward.htm
http://www.igpa.uiuc.edu

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academics of the University of Kent
1943 births
Living people
Welsh economists
Regional scientists
Regional economists
Welsh emigrants to the United States


The Comber Greenway is a  traffic-free section of the National Cycle Network that runs along the old Belfast-Comber railway line. The cycle path starts on Dee Street in east Belfast and finishes at Comber in County Down. As well as a cycling path, it is also popular with people on foot. The most recent addition to the route was in November 2008 when the final link between Old Dundonald Road/Comber Rd junction and Comber was opened. This added  to the route. One section runs through a SLNCI-designated Wetland ecosystem.

Route
The traffic-free route starts at Dee Street in East Belfast and passes the C. S. Lewis statue at the Holywood Arches, along the Bloomfield Walkway to Sandown Road where it continues past the PSNI headquarters to a newly installed toucan crossing at the Knock Road.

From here it goes to Kings Road and on to Abbey Road, through Tullycarnet and Ardcarn to East Link Road in Dundonald.

It continues through a wetland area emerging at the Comber Road, Dundonald where there is a toucan crossing.

The route continues from Comber Road, Dundonald past the Billy Neill Centre for Soccer Excellence where the former railway line passes near the Enler River. Walkers and cyclists can cross the River Enler and farm lanes by a series of reinstated bridges before reaching its end at Belfast Road, Comber.

On its route the Greenway passes through former Belfast and County Down Railway stations at , , ,  before finishing just short of Comber station.

History
The current route of the Greenway was originally the main line of the Belfast and County Down Railway. The railway was in use from 1850s until 1950 when the Ulster Transport Authority closed it. Through the 1950s the track was lifted in phases and infrastructure, including bridges, removed. The remains of Neill's Hill station survive near Sandown Road behind Clara Park and Sandhill Gardens.

In 1964 it was proposed that a section of what is now the Greenway be utilised for the M7 Motorway project. This motorway was not built. The Belfast Urban Area Plan 2001 included a proposal for a smaller-scale road along the same route, but that was never built either.

By late in the century the Greenway had become a recreation path for walkers, cyclists etc. In 2003–04 the Knock Valley Relief Sewer was installed from Ballymacarett to Dundonald resulting in substantial excavation along the path. Subsequently a number of government agencies contributed funds to upgrade the Greenway with a modern hard surface, road crossings and, with the opening of the section alongside Police Headquarters, a continuous route from inner Belfast to Comber. It was officially opened on 8 November 2008.

EWAY proposal

As part of the Belfast Metropolitan Transport Plan 2015 published in November 2004, a rapid transport scheme was proposed for three routes in Belfast. The route to the east of the city, dubbed EWAY, proposed utilising the Greenway for either a light rail or bus link for Belfast.

Consultants Atkins and KPMG subsequently completed a preliminary assessment of the proposals. Key conclusions include the preference for bus over light rail on cost grounds and the construction of much of the route along the Greenway.

There is political support for the rapid transit but the EWAY route is contentious. A campaign group was formed to oppose EWAY using the Greenway and wants it rerouted along Upper Newtownards Road and increased public consultation. In October 2011 it was announced that EWAY would not include the Comber Greenway in its route.

References

External links

Closed railways in Northern Ireland
Cycleways in Northern Ireland


Vincent Charles Pacewic (May 28, 1920 – April 1, 1990) was an American football halfback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Loyola University of Los Angeles and University of San Francisco. He was drafted in the 27th round of the 1943 NFL Draft.

College football and military service
Pacewic played on the Lions' freshman team during his first year at Loyola of Los Angeles in 1940, and made the full roster in the 1941 and 1942 seasons. He was then drafted in the 1943 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins, but did not sign with the team as he served in the United States Army during World War II. Following the end of the war, he returned to college football in 1946. Now enrolled at the University of San Francisco, Pacewic played one season with the San Francisco Dons before going pro in 1947.

Professional football

Los Angeles Rams

In 1947, Pacewic signed with the team that drafted him four years prior, the Washington Redskins. However, the Redskins soon traded him to the Los Angeles Rams, with the stipulation that if the Rams opted to keep him, the team had to give up one of their own players to Washington. Ultimately, the Rams chose not to keep Pacewic on the roster, and traded him back to the Redskins on September 6, 1947.

Washington Redskins

Appearing in only two games, Pacewic made 5 receptions for 42 yards, and never rushed once, despite his position being listed as running back.

In the team's October 26 game against the Chicago Bears, Pacewic had one of his vertebrae knocked out of place, causing temporary partial paralysis. He seemed to recover from the paralysis quickly and was able to leave Griffith Stadium on his own, and it was initially thought that he would be able to return for the following week. However, the injury proved to be season-ending, as he was ruled out for several more games following the injury.

The Redskins put him on the trading block in mid-November of 1947, and he never played another down of professional football.

Later life and death
Pacewic died in Los Angeles on April 1, 1990, at the age of 69 years old.

References

1920 births
1990 deaths
American football halfbacks
People from Collinsville, Illinois
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Illinois
Wilmington Clippers players


The Grand Pacific Hotel is a historic hotel built in 1914, located on the main sea front, on Victoria Parade in Suva, Fiji.

History
In 1910 the Managing Director of the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, Sir James Mills, commissioned plans for a hotel run by the company to serve the needs of passengers on its transpacific routes. A two-acre site on land reclaimed from Suva Harbour was chosen on the landing spot for the original Suva village, called Vu-ni-vesi after the trees nearby, and the hotel itself was designed by Salmond & Vanes ARIBA FNZIA, architects of Dunedin. Their design of the hotel was to make the passengers think they had never gone ashore, with rooms designed like first-class staterooms, complete with saltwater bathrooms and plumbing fixtures identical to those on an ocean liner. All rooms were on the second floor, and guests could step outside on a -wide veranda overlooking the harbour and walk completely around the building — as if walking on the deck. The style was colonial in emphasis, with high ceilings, louvred French doors and the wrap-around verandah that were all designed to maximise cool comfort in the tropical climate. Construction of the hotel in reinforced ferro-concrete was undertaken by Hall Hogg & Company of Dunedin, and the Hotel opened on 23 May 1914.

It was not long before the hotel became the centre of the colonial society in Suva, attracting not only tourists but all manner of official visits and grand balls to celebrate important visitors and events. In February 1915, former Australian Prime Minister Alfred Deakin stayed in the hotel on his way to San Francisco to serve as Australian Commissioner to the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. In 1916 writer Somerset Maugham was a guest at the hotel and provided a characteristically acerbic description of his stay there, noting: "It is cool and empty ... The servants are Hindus, silent and vaguely hostile ... the food is very bad  but the rooms are pleasant, fresh and cool."

Australian journalist Thomas John McMahon visited Fiji in 1921 and provided his own description of the Grand Pacific Hotel in his profile of the island nation that was published in The Sydney Mail:

In 1928 Sir Charles Kingsford Smith landed his plane into Albert Park near the hotel, having flown from California, en route to Australia to complete the first trans-Pacific flight from the United States to Australia. Before his departure, a ball was held in his and his crew's honour at the Grand Pacific Hotel on 6 June 1928. In July 1929, a reception was held at the hotel to receive the crew of the German cruiser Emden and their commander, Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, as part of their worldwide tour. Other notable visitors include Lord Northcliffe (1921), Douglas Fairbanks (1935), James A Michener during his time writing Tales of the South Pacific in 1946–1947, and Noël Coward, who stayed for two weeks in 1962.

Royal visits
When members of the British royal family visited Fiji, they stood atop the wrought-iron portico, the "bow" of the Grand Pacific, and addressed their subjects massed across Victoria Parade in Albert Park. The first Royal visit occurred in April 1920, with the reception of Prince Edward, Prince of Wales, during his tour to Australia and New Zealand on board HMS Renown. The Renown returned to Suva again en-route to Australia in February 1927, this time with The Duke and Duchess of York, who were also received at the hotel. In 1935 an official ball was held at the hotel to celebrate the visit of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh have stayed at the hotel on several occasions, the first being in 1953, followed by visits in 1973, 1977 and 1982. In 1970, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales attended a state dinner at the hotel to celebrate Fiji’s Independence. The royal connection to the hotel has also continued since the 2014 reopening, with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex becoming the most recent members of the Royal Family to stay in the Royal Suite during their 2018 visit to Fiji.

Later history

In December 1958 the Union Steamship Company decided to relinquish their lease and the hotel was threatened with closure should a new owner/operator not be found, with the Fijian Government eventually receiving several offers from Singapore, the United States and within Fiji. Eventually the ownership of the Hotel was granted to the Fiji-based Cathay Hotels (Fiji) Ltd under the Chairmanship of Wesley Barrett, with various changes occurring to the hotel to accommodate a new class of tourists brought to Fiji from Pacific-based cruise ships. It was during this period that the exterior was painted pink and in 1960 an air-conditioned wing with 45 rooms was added, together with a swimming pool. However, the pink colour scheme was not well received, and in 1974 Barrett announced a new round of renovations aimed at recreating "the colonial style glory that won the hotel acclaim and a place in the writings of Somerset Maugham", including a return to the original white exterior and the restoration of interior spaces.

Nevertheless throughout the 1980s, the ageing hotel continued to decline and was sold in 1988 to the Nauru Government via the Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust, who failed to prevent the hotel's closure in 1992. Despite many unsuccessful attempts between the Fijian Government and the Nauru Trust to reopen the hotel, the building continued to deteriorate and in March 2000 the Fijian Government of Mahendra Chaudhry expropriated the property with the intention of restoring and reopening the hotel. However, financial constraints and a decline in tourism as a result of political instability in the country, with coups occurring in 2000 and 2006, led to a stalling of the reopening plans.

However, with a gradual return to stability the Fijian Government restarted attempts to reopen the hotel, with the government-run Fijian Investment Corporation Ltd (FICL) assisting a joint venture between Papua New Guinea's Superannuation Fund (NASFUND), Fiji National Provident Fund (FNPF), and Lamana Developments of Papua New Guinea, announced by Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama on 8 August 2011. NASFUND has a 50% stake, while FNPF and Lamana have 25% stakes each. It was restored to a five-star hotel and re-opened on 24 May 2014, in time for the hotel's 100th anniversary.

InterContinental Hotels Group assumed management of the hotel in July 2020, and will be rebranded as InterContinental Grand Pacific Hotel Suva in 2022, following a renovation.

References

External links

Pictures of the Grand Pacific Hotel

Buildings and structures in Suva
Hotels in Fiji
Hotel buildings completed in 1914
InterContinental hotels
Edwardian architecture
British colonial architecture


Sakura Park is a public park located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City,  north of West 122nd Street between Riverside Drive and Claremont Avenue. Situated between Riverside Church on the south, the Manhattan School of Music on the east, Grant's Tomb and Riverside Park on the west, and International House on its northern side, it is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks).

History

The park was originally called Claremont Park after Claremont Avenue, which runs on its east side. The land, originally owned by John D. Rockefeller, was purchased by the City of New York in 1896 for use as an extension of Riverside Park. In 1909, the Committee of Japanese Residents of New York donated 2,500 cherry blossom trees to the city, to commemorate the Hudson–Fulton Celebration. Only 700 trees arrived at Claremont Park, as the steamship carrying the trees had been lost at sea and most of the plants began to rot. In 1912, three years after its scheduled arrival, the surviving trees were planted in Riverside Park and Central Park, as well as the area surrounding Sakura Park. The park was subsequently renamed Sakura Park.

As part of the construction of adjacent Riverside Church, Sakura Park underwent landscaping with $350,000 in funds from John D. Rockefeller Jr. in 1932. The renovation was completed two years later.

In 1960, another gift was given to the park, this time by the City of Tokyo in the form of a stone lantern (), when New York City became her sister city. The then Crown Prince, and later Emperor of Japan, Akihito, was in attendance during the official dedication on October 10 of that year. Crown Prince Akihito would later rededicate the lantern with his princess in 1987.

Features
General Daniel Adams Butterfield, author of the bugle call, Taps, which is a standard component for concluding for US military funerals, stands on a rock pedestal as a larger-than-life-sized bronze statue by Gutzon Borglum—who is said to have been so annoyed by commissioning committees numerous demands for changes to the sculpture, that he marked his signature on the top of the general's head, claiming that this was the single aspect the committee had not required him to change. The statue is oriented such that it faces Grant's Tomb across Riverside Drive and thus it appears Butterfield is looking at the tomb of his fellow Civil War general and the president in whose cabinet he served as the Assistant Treasurer of the United States.

The landscaping is dominated by two walks lined with mature linden trees, the branches meet overhead forming a leafy arcade. Between the two walks is a lawn, headed by a gazebo and planted with cherry trees. When the cherry trees bloom, people of Japanese ancestry come to celebrate Hanami and spread picnic blankets under the trees. The cherry bloom is preceded in spring by bulbs, beginning with snowdrops and continuing through tulips.

Directly to the east is Claremont Avenue, which is dramatically lower in elevation. A buttressed retaining wall extends the length of the park along Claremont Avenue. The wall is an ivy-festooned copy of Kenilworth Abbey's wall in England. It was built in the 1930s by the Olmsted Brothers firm as part of a park redesign.

References

External links

Morningside Heights, Manhattan
Parks in Manhattan
1896 establishments in New York City


The Cat Who Knew a Cardinal is the twelfth book in The Cat Who series of mystery novels by Lilian Jackson Braun, published in 1991.

Plot summary
Jim Qwilleran and his lovable siamese cats, Koko and Yum-Yum, have moved into an apple barn on the Klingenschoen estate.
After a successful closing night on the stage production Henry VIII in the theatre that was once the Klingenschoen mansion the actors throw a cast party at Qwill's new home.  At the end of the party, Qwill notices one car had not left yet. Walking towards the car, wondering if someone has broken down or run out of gas, he discovers the dead body of the much disliked play's director and high school principal, Hilary VanBrook. VanBrook was killed by a single gunshot to the back of the head.

During the story
During the story, Qwill continues his search for a copy of the book he once wrote, City of Brotherly Crime, looking through used bookstores and libraries. He eventually finds a copy near the end of the story. Later, he and the cats spends the night at the home of the Ingleharts to see a steeplechase. He meets a man named Steve O'Hare. After the event, they arrive back at the Ingleharts to hear Koko howling from inside. Running inside, they find that Grummy Inglehart, the grandmother, has died from a heart attack. Koko watches a cardinal every morning outside the window, which is shot by a stablemaster named Steve for fun after visiting Qwill about a horse barn Qwill is interested in.

Dennis Hough, the person who remodeled Qwill's barn, disappeared after the murder, creating rumors. Qwill visited his apartment to try to find his whereabouts to clear Dennis's name, and found a message on his answering machine, which Qwill recorded on a tape recorder. Returning home, Dennis is found hanging from the balcony in Qwill's barn. He had committed suicide. Showing the recording to Brodie, the chief of police, it was deduced that Dennis hanged himself learning that his wife was divorcing him.

He visits VanBrook's home with Susan Exbridge to help her go through the boxes of books in his home. Koko, after jumping onto the top shelf, leads Qwill to a hollowed out book containing a sort of catalogue for VanBrook's collection. Finding red dots beside selected books, he sets out to find them in the many rooms. Taking a few "red-dotted" books home, he discovered money inside all three of them. He reported this to Vanbrook's attorney and they retrieved all books inside the house with red dots beside them. They found a bunch of money inside all of them. All counterfeit.

Inside one of the books, Qwill finds another will of VanBrook's, saying that he leaves money to Robin Stucker, son of Fiona Stucker and Steve O'Hare. Qwilleran solves the case after finding this. He figures out that Steve killed Hilary after learning that he was writing Robin out of his will because he dropped out of school. However, Hilary had already re-written his will and given it to his attorney.

Qwilleran is visited by the local bookstore owner to give him a book he found and Qwill tells him to hide out of sight on the balcony and listen when Steve arrives in his van at the barn. When Steve comes in for a drink, Qwilleran tells him that he figured out it was he who killed VanBrook and can prove it. Steve pulls a gun, but a giant tapestry hanging from Qwill's balconies falls on Steve and Qwill hits him with a stick, knocking him out. Steve is arrested following the arrival of the cops on the scene.

Knew a Cardinal
1991 American novels
G. P. Putnam's Sons books


Ken Knabb (born 1945) is an American writer, translator, and radical theorist, known for his translations of Guy Debord and the Situationist International.  His own English-language writings, many of which were anthologized in Public Secrets (1997), have been translated into over a dozen additional languages.  He is also a respected authority on the political significance of Kenneth Rexroth.

Early life
Knabb was born in Louisiana in 1945 and raised in Missouri. He attended Shimer College from 1961 to 1965, then moved to Berkeley, California, where he took part in the countercultural and radical adventures of the 1960s. In 1969, having become disillusioned with the increasingly authoritarian tendencies in the New Left movement, he became an anarchist. Later that same year, he discovered some pamphlets by the Situationist International and was so struck by them that he began experimenting with critiques and interventions in a style similar to that of the situationists. Over the next few years, he taught himself French in order to read the original situationist writings (most of which were then unavailable in English) and made several extended visits to France to meet various situationist groups and individuals, as well as shorter trips to meet contacts in other European countries and in Japan and Hong Kong.

Works
In 1981, Knabb published the Situationist International Anthology, a large collection of articles drawn mostly from the French journal Internationale Situationniste. His other translations include Guy Debord's film scripts (Complete Cinematic Works), Debord's The Society of the Spectacle, and Ngo Van's In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary. Knabb's own writings include leaflets, comics, pamphlets and articles on Wilhelm Reich, Georges Brassens, Gary Snyder, the 1960s hip counterculture, the 1970 Polish revolt, the 1979 Iranian revolution, the 1991 Gulf war, the 2006 anti-CPE revolt in France, the 2011 Occupy movement, the 2016 Trump election, and the 2020 covid crisis. Longer works include The Relevance of Rexroth (a study of the anarchist poet and essayist Kenneth Rexroth), Gateway to the Vast Realms (a reader's guide to 500 recommended books), and The Joy of Revolution (an examination of the pros and cons of diverse radical tactics followed by some speculations on how a nonstate and noncapitalist postrevolutionary society might function).

Perspectives
Although Knabb has remained in substantial agreement with most of the situationist perspectives, some of his writings can be seen as attempts to meld, or at least to juxtapose, those perspectives with the rather different tone and scope of Kenneth Rexroth and with the experiential insights of Zen Buddhism (he is a long-time Zen practitioner). In a 1977 pamphlet, for example, he critiqued what he saw as the situationists' blindspot regarding religion. Conversely, he has also criticized the political naiveté of "socially engaged" Buddhists. Another of his recurring themes is the importance of paying attention to the psychological or "subjective" aspect of radical activities.

Bibliography
The Relevance of Rexroth (1990)
Public Secrets: Collected Skirmishes of Ken Knabb (1997)
The Joy of Revolution (2017, by AK Press)
(trans.) Situationist International Anthology (1981; revised and expanded edition, 2006)
(trans.) Guy Debord's Complete Cinematic Works (2003)
(trans.) Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle (2004; revised and annotated edition, 2014)
(trans.) Ngo Van's In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary (2010)

References

External links
Bureau of Public Secrets
Bureau of Public Secrets Records at Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University Special Collections
Ken Knabb Papers. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

1945 births
Living people
Situationists
Shimer College alumni
Translators from French
Translators to English
American translators


In Sweden many trains run at . Train types which currently attain this speed include the X 2000 tilting trains for long distances, the Regina widebody trains, the X40 double-decker regional trains, the Arlanda Airport Express X3, the MTRX-trains, FlixTrains and the Stadler KISS-inspired double-decker regional trains. Since both the X2 and X3 are allowed to run at  in case of delay, they can technically be considered as high-speed trains. The X2 runs between many cities in Sweden including Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. The Arlanda Express trains connect Stockholm and Stockholm-Arlanda Airport.

Current plans

Upgrades to existing lines
Hundreds of kilometers of track are ready for  operation, with the exception of signaling systems, catenary, and the trains themselves. A modified Regina test train, called "the Green Train", has attained a maximum speed of , with regular service at  planned.

There are plans for a  section of the Stockholm-Malmö line to be upgraded to allow for speeds of . These plans have been delayed until further notice because a decision must be made regarding whether to build a new parallel super-high-speed railway or not. Other railways that will eventually allow  speeds (today ) are long sections of Stockholm–Gothenburg, Gothenburg–Malmö, and Trollhättan–Gothenburg. A new Kramfors–Umeå line, Botniabanan has been ready for  non-tilting trains since 2010, but train operators have not yet revealed plans for  trains on Botniabanan, or on any other  capable line. All these will be mixed passenger/freight railways.

The Swedish signalling system ATC does not currently allow for higher speeds than , and current plans allow for higher speeds only with a future EU-system called ERTMS. Botniabanan has had this system in operation since 2010, allowing . ERTMS will be introduced on certain other railways around 2015, possibly enabling more than  on them. The ATC does in theory allow  but that would require reinstalling most track equipment and signals since ATC uses point based transmission, and higher speed means new points of transmission. ATC is installed for  along  east of Södertälje but no trains are approved for that.

SJ have bought new trains (type X55, delivered 2010) that are prepared for  but limited to  until a later date.

Due to worsening condition of tracks, since 2017-18 trains should slow-down from  on some stretches. For instance, Stockholm to Malmö service now is going for 4.5 hours, which is 30 minutes longer than previously, reaching an old level of year 1991.

New lines
There were plans for completely new high-speed railways Stockholm–Linköping–Jönköping–Borås–Gothenburg ("Götalandsbanan") and Jönköping–Helsingborg–Copenhagen ("Europabanan" for the Swedish part), since the existing railways are relatively congested, with mixed  passenger trains, slower regional trains and even slower cargo trains. The plans said that the new railways would be built similar to the French TGV-lines with long curve radii and relatively steep inclines allowing for speeds between  with non-tilting trains, dedicated for high-speed passenger trains.

The Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) started detailed planning and was in the process of deciding the best route between Gothenburg–Borås and Linköping–Södertälje (Ostlänken), however no specific dates have been determined for the start of construction on these lines. An informal proposal by Trafikverket is an operational track by 2025. There is political and (primarily) regional pressure to build these railways as soon as possible. Cost estimates are about 10 bn SEK for Gothenburg-Borås and 24 bn SEK for Linköping-Södertälje.

In 2018 Chinese corporations became interested in building of Stockholm-Oslo high-speed line. Trafikverket awarded American engineering firm Jacobs Engineering Group with the contract to consult on a proposed $24 billion high-speed rail network linking Stockholm with Gothenburg and Malmö.

In late 2022, the then newly elected centre-right Swedish government decided to completely abandon Sweden's high-speed rail project.

New trainsets
In December 2021, SJ has announced that they are ordering 25 trainsets (Zefiro Express) which are capable of going . They are expected to go into service in 2026, and will also be used for cross-border traffic with Denmark and Norway.

Future proposals
The Borås–Linköping line will be built some years later than the first parts of Götalandsbanan. It has less potential for regional rail (still around 400,000 people live near this part of Götalandsbanan), but is of course needed for long-distance trains. Between Södertälje and Stockholm the existing railway with  potential will be used.
A southern extension to these lines, through Jönköping–Helsingborg–Copenhagen is considered economically unfeasible for the time being. Danish politicians are not very enthusiastic either. Cost estimates are roughly 30 billion SEK for Borås–Linköping and 30 billion SEK for Jönköping–Helsingborg. The cost of the Helsingborg–Copenhagen line with a tunnel is hard to estimate, but 30 billion SEK is possible here too.

The existing line through Linköping–Malmö–Copenhagen is however planned to be upgraded to .

Travel times

These are realistic travel times based on future plans and investigations.

See also
High-speed rail in Europe

References


People for Democracy and Justice (Russian: Народ за демократию и справедливость [НДС]) is a Russian political party, established in 2007. The party leader is former Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov.

Kasyanov's new party was established on 22 September 2007, when he was elected party chairman by 228 votes to 4. Delegates from 57 Russian regions worked on the founding congress.

See also
Dissenters' March
The Other Russia (coalition)
United Civil Front
Mikhail Kasyanov
Yabloko
People's Freedom Party (Russia)

External links
Official party site
Mikhail Kasyanov's official site

2007 establishments in Russia
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party member parties
Liberal parties in Russia
Political parties established in 2007

ru:Российский народно-демократический союз


Harold Thomas McAfee (November 20, 1953 – November 22, 2008) was an American football coach. He served as head coach at Tarleton State University from 1988 to 1992. McAfee compiled a 36–18 overall record, including an 11–1 season in 1990, the first ever undefeated regular season in school history.

McAfee was an All-Southwest Conference linebacker at the University of Arkansas. He helped the Razorbacks to a 31–10 win over Georgia in the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic, earning him the game's Defensive Most Valuable Player award. McAfee would eventually be named to the Cotton Bowl Classic Hall of Heroes for the 1970s and the Houston Chronicle All-Time Cotton Bowl Classic team.

He started his coaching career as a defensive graduate assistant at his alma mater before moving on to the high school level. He became defensive coordinator at the high school in Marlin, Texas, before moving on to his first head coaching job at Harmony Grove High School in Camden, Arkansas.

Returning to the college football in 1986, McAfee was hired as defensive coordinator by Bill Pringle at Tarleton State University. The Texans won consecutive Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA) championships in 1986 and 1987, finishing seasons 9–1–1 and 9–3, respectively.

In 1988, McAfee succeeded Pringle as head coach at Tarleton State and spent the next five years leading the team. TSU won two TIAA championships (1989 & 1990) and made it to the NAIA II National Quarterfinals twice (1989 & 1990) in those five years.

McAfee died on November 22, 2008 of a massive heart attack while exercising on a treadmill in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, where he lived.  He was 55 years old.

Head coaching record

College

References

1953 births
2008 deaths
American football linebackers
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Arkansas Razorbacks football coaches
Fort Lewis Skyhawks football coaches
Tarleton State Texans football coaches
High school football coaches in Arkansas
High school football coaches in Texas
People from Arkadelphia, Arkansas


Handforth Dean is a retail park in Handforth, Cheshire, England; it opened in 1995, alongside the A34. It contains four superstores: Marks & Spencer, Tesco Extra, JD Sports and Boots. Large Next and Pets at Home stores are sited on a development adjacent to the retail park.

In 2002, the Marks & Spencer store was the company's most profitable outside London; it is also one of their largest stores in the country.

In 2007, the Tesco store had a second floor added to handle the number of customers that used it and was converted into a Tesco Extra. Tesco has described Handforth Dean as its "flagship store".

References

Retail parks in the United Kingdom


Simon Dormandy is an English theatre director, teacher and actor. As an actor, he worked with Cheek by Jowl and the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), as well as at The Donmar Warehouse, The Old Vic, Chichester Festival Theatre and The Royal Exchange, amongst many others.  He is perhaps best known on screen for his performances in Little Dorrit (film) and Vanity Fair. Between 1997 and 2012, he taught drama at Eton College, Berkshire, and held the posts of Director of Drama, Head of Theatre Studies and Deputy Head of English. He worked as a freelance theatre director until 2019  and has been Head of Academic Drama at St Paul's School, London since 2020. His directing credits include Julius Caesar at the Bristol Old Vic and Much Ado About Nothing at the Rose Theatre, Kingston, and his own adaptations of A Passage to India and the Coen Brothers' film The Hudsucker Proxy.

Background
Simon Dormandy was born on December 13, 1957. He attended Marlborough College and studied English Language and Literature at Oxford University between 1976 and 1979.

Simon Dormandy was, as an actor, known largely for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company between 1988 and 1995. Over the period, he worked with many well known directors, including Adrian Noble, Sam Mendes, Deborah Warner, Katie Mitchell and Max Stafford-Clark. He also took part in several films and television series. He was perhaps best known for his performances in Little Dorrit (as Sparkler) and Vanity Fair (as Dobbin). He was also known for his work with the theatre company Cheek By Jowl.

He taught Drama and English at Eton College for fifteen years from 1997 to 2012, where he was Director of Drama, Head of Theatre Studies and Deputy Head of English. His pupils included the actors Tom Hiddleston, Eddie Redmayne, Harry Lloyd and Adetomiwa Edun, director James Dacre and comedians Tom Palmer and Tom Stourton of comedy duo Totally Tom and Humphrey Ker.  School productions include Henry VI with Eddie Redmayne, Waiting for Godot with Harry Lloyd, King Lear (where he directed Edward Stourton's son in the title role), Three Sisters, Pool, No Water, Henry IV, (a joint version of both Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2), Joseph K and Spring Awakening.

Since January 2013, he has been working as a freelance theatre director. In 2013, he was assistant director on the world premiere of The Low Road by Bruce Norris at The Royal Court Theatre. In 2014 he directed the UK Premiere of Eldorado by Marius von Mayenburg and a production of Waiting for Godot with young comedians in the leading roles, both at The Arcola Theatre in London. In 2015, he co-directed his own stage adaptation of the Coen Brothers' film The Hudsucker Proxy with Toby Sedgwick at the Nuffield Theatre, Southampton and the Liverpool Playhouse in association with Complicite. The production won Best Design at the 2015 UK Theatre Awards.  He was also an artistic collaborator on Simon McBurney's The Encounter for Complicite at the Edinburgh International Festival and subsequently at the Barbican, London and on tour. In 2016, he directed Mel Giedroyc in the highly acclaimed UK Premiere of Luce by J. C. Lee at Southwark Playhouse. In 2017, he directed Julius Caesar at the Bristol Old Vic, and developed and co-directed his own adaptation of A Passage to India, which toured early in 2018 before a five-week run at The Park in London.  His production of Much Ado About Nothing opened at the Rose Theatre, Kingston in April 2018.

He returned to teaching in 2019 at City of London Freemen's School and has served as Head of Academic Drama at St Paul’s School, London since 2020. He also teaches and directs at Shakespeare's Globe, Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Drama Centre, Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, and the British American Drama Academy.

Filmography

Film credits

Television credits

Selected stage appearances

Non-Royal Shakespeare Company
Death and the King's Horsemen, Royal Exchange, 1990 (dir. Phyllida Lloyd)
Adam Was A Gardener, Minerva Studio, Chichester, 1991
 Losing Venice (Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh 1992)
The Threepenny Opera (Donmar Warehouse, London, 1994)

With the Royal Shakespeare Company
All Royal Shakespeare Company performances taken from the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust archive history

1988
 Much Ado About Nothing (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, April)
 Henry VI (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, October)
 Richard III (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, October)
 Edward IV (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, October)
 Stars in the Morning Sky The Other Place, Stratford-upon-Avon, December)

1989
 Henry VI (Theatre Royal, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, February)
 Edward IV (Theatre Royal, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, February)
 Richard III (Theatre Royal, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, February)
 Henry VI (Barbican Theatre, London, April)
 Richard III (Barbican Theatre, London, April)
 Edward IV (Barbican Theatre, London, April)
 King John (Pit, London, May)
 King John (Pit, London, May)
 Mary and Lizzie (Pit, London, September)
 Stars in the Morning Sky	(Almeida Theatre, London, October)
 The Liar (Old Vic, London)

1992
 Richard III (The Other Place, Stratford-upon-Avon, August)
 Richard III (On tour, September)

1993
 Richard III (Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, March
 King Lear (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, May)
 The Country Wife (Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, August)

1994
 King Lear (Theatre Royal, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, February)
 The Country Wife (Newcastle Playhouse, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, February)
 King Lear (Barbican Theatre, London, May)
 The Country Wife (Pit, London, July)

1995
 Measure for Measure (Barbican Theatre, London, June)
 The Park (Pit, London, September)

See also
Eton College
Royal Shakespeare Company

References

External links

The Guardian - Eton at odds with the RSC
Giving the Boys at Eton Something to Think About - NY Times article
Random House - RSC Stagings (Simon Dormandy references)

Living people
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Royal Shakespeare Company members
1957 births


Compas is the ninth studio album by rumba band Gipsy Kings. It was released in 1997 in Europe and the US, using a different song order. The European version has one completely new track, "Sueño de Noche", as well as a remixed version of "Ami Wa Wa (Solo Por Ti)".

Track listing

Credits
Arranged by – Gipsy Kings, Jon Carin
Mastered by – Bob Ludwig
Mixed By, Producer – Chris Kimsey
Photography – Peter Knaup

Personnel
(using the American track list)
Abud Abdel Al - violin (1, 2, 4, 5)
Paco Baliardo - compas (flamenco) guitar (4, 8)
Tonino Baliardo - solo guitar (3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13), compas (flamenco) guitar (4, 8, 11)
Gipsy Kings, unspecified - guitar (3, 5, 6, 7, 9)
Jon Carin - piano accordion (1, 2, 7), Kurzweil (1, 7, 10), strings (2, 5, 13), bass guitar (3), sample claps (3), tambourine (3), castanets (3), djembe harp (4), loops (4, 5), atmosphere (5), Egyptian flute (5), keyboards (6), percussion (7, 9, 10), cymbal (8), finger snaps (8), steel guido (8), electric guitar (9), piano (9, 11), autoharp (10), acoustic guitar (10), drum programming (11), programmed percussion (12)
Shawn Farrenden - didgeridoo (1)
Manu Katché - drums (8, 11)
Andres Levin—additional keyboards (7), samples (7)
Pino Palladino, bass (1, 7), bass guitar (2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12), electric guitar (9), acoustic guitar (10)
Hossam Ramzy - Egyptian percussion (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12), shaker (8)
Andre Reyes – lead vocals (1, 7), backing vocals (1), harmony vocals (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12), hand clapping (2, 4, 12), guitar (10, 12)
François "Canut" Reyes - backing vocals (1), lead vocals (2, 13), guitar (2, 13)
Georges "Baule" Reyes - backing vocals (1), guitar (12)
Nicholas Reyes – lead vocals (1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12), backing vocals (1), hand clapping (2, 3, 4, 12); percussion (6), guitar (10), harmony vocals (12)
Patchai Reyes - backing vocals (1), hand clapping (3),  lead vocals (9), harmony vocals (9)
Paul Reyes – backing vocals (1)
Eddie Thornton - trumpet (3, 7, 9)
Brian Edwards - saxophone (3, 7, 9, 11)
Trevor Edwards - trombone (3, 7, 9)
Nigel Shaw - flute (5, 13), whistle (6. 13)
Naná Vasconcelos - percussion (7)

Certifications and sales

References

External links
Compas at gipsykings.net

1997 albums
Gipsy Kings albums
Albums produced by Chris Kimsey
Nonesuch Records albums


Aspen Mountain is a long mountain located approximately  south of Rock Springs, Wyoming and  south of Arrowhead Springs, in Sweetwater County. The mountain gets its name from patches of Quaking Aspen trees located on the north and southern faces of the mountain. Various older topographical maps name the mountain "Quaking Aspen Mountain". Its primary use is for radio communications and it houses towers for various local and state companies.

Other uses

Aspen Mountain also houses repeaters used by local highway patrol and local police and fire services for Sweetwater County, which are also present on nearby Wilkins Peak. If the local emergency repeaters on Aspen Mountain fail, they are automatically switched to the Wilkins Peak repeaters, and vice versa. The mountain also houses amateur radio repeaters, and a long range radar station (operated by the FAA) is the mountain's most visible feature.

Geology

Aspen Mountain lies to the north of the Uinta Mountains in the center of the Greater Green River Basin. It is part of the Rock Springs Uplift, and is composed of Miocene deposits.

Access

Aspen Mountain can be accessed via a number of routes. From Rock Springs, access starts from Blairtown/Flaming Gorge Road, and begins on a road known as Little Bitter Creek Road. Aspen Mountain can also be accessed via county highway 4-27, which begins on Wyoming Highway 430. From the south, the mountain can be accessed via US 191. The roads are usually in good condition year round, weather permitting. Travel is still possible during winter months, but a four-wheel drive vehicle is recommended. The road on the mountain itself is known as "Radar Tower Road."
Most of the mountain is not off limits, except for various radio towers with fences and the long range radar station, which features no trespassing signs and a fence around its perimeter. The radar site is also staffed 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, with up to two employees watching the site at a time. In the winter, their only means of travel is often via Snowcats.

Radio and television stations

KZUW 88.5 FM - Licensed to Reliance.
KUWZ 90.5 FM - Licensed to Rock Springs.
KQSW 96.5 FM - Licensed to Rock Springs.
KSIT 99.7 FM - Also licensed to Rock Springs (Both FM stations are located on the eastern half of the mountain, near the radar site).
K278CV 103.5 FM - Licensed to Rock Springs, and retransmitting KRKK 1360 AM.
KMRZ-FM 106.7 FM - Licensed to Superior, Wyoming, is the only FM station with a tower on the western half of the mountain.
KGWR Channel 13 -CBS- Rock Springs (Far eastern side of the mountain, second tower from east).
K45IA Channel 45 -The CW- Rock Springs
KXI34 162.550 MHz- NOAA Weather Radio - Operated by the Riverton National Weather Service office.

K26DK (former translator for KJZZ-TV and K45IA were shut down after the digital transition.

References

Gallery

External links
 Green River Basin. (Geological) by King, Clarence from 1876, David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
Aspen Mountain FM/TV only Radio Tower Locations and Info (RTLI).

Mountains of Wyoming
Mountains of Sweetwater County, Wyoming


The Pont Notre-Dame is a bridge that crosses the Seine in Paris, France linking the quai de Gesvres on the Rive Droite with the quai de la Corse on the Île de la Cité. The bridge is noted for being the "most ancient" in Paris, in the sense that, while the oldest bridge in Paris that is in its original state is undoubtedly the Pont Neuf, a bridge in some form has existed at the site of the Pont Notre-Dame since antiquity;  nonetheless, it has been destroyed and reconstructed numerous times, a fact referred to in the Latin inscription on it to honor its Italian architect, Fra Giovanni Giocondo. (See below.)  The bridge once was lined with approximately sixty houses, the weight of which caused a collapse in 1499.

History

It was on this spot that the first bridge of Paris, called the Grand-Pont, crossed the Seine from antiquity. A bridge has existed there since at least the pre-Roman tribal era, to be rebuilt again and again, sometimes of wood, sometimes of stone. In 886, during the siege of Paris and the Norman attacks, the Roman stone structure was destroyed and replaced by a different bridge, possibly a plank bridge, named the Pont des Planches de Milbray (Milbray plank bridge), although the exact timing, placement, and existence of this particular plank bridge is contested. Two wooden bridges (at the place of the Grand Pont and Petit Pont) are said to have been burned in 1111. These bridges were replaced by Louis the Fat (Louis VI) with the two famous stone bridges as depicted in the Life of Saint Denis, which were then destroyed in the flood of 1296 and the wooden bridge which then replaced the stone Grand Pont was destroyed by the floods of 1406.
On 31 May 1412 Charles VI of France ordered the construction of the first version of the bridge to be named "Notre-Dame". This structure was composed of solid wood and connected the Île de la Cité to the rue Saint-Martin. The bridge took seven years to build and had sixty houses atop it, thirty on each side. The houses were noted by Robert Gauguin as being "remarkable for their height, and the uniformity of construction" and was called the "handsomest in France." King Charles' wooden bridge collapsed on 25 October 1499 near 9 a.m., likely due to structural instabilities caused by the lack of repairs.

Stone foundations were laid for a new bridge that same year, while a ferry filled the transportation void. This time, the bridge was built with stone, as an arch bridge under the direction of Italian architect, scholar and Franciscan Friar, Fra Giovanni Giocondo, who had also overseen the building of the Petit Pont. The construction was completed in 1507, still overhung with sixty stone and brick buildings all built to one tall gabled design, and would become a spot of frequent commerce and trading: here was located the tiny boutique of the marchand-mercier Edme-François Gersaint, a leading Parisian art dealer, whose shop-sign was painted by Antoine Watteau. The houses upon the bridge were the first to be given numbers.  In 1660 the bridge was refurbished to honour the arrival in Paris of the daughter of the king Philip IV of Spain, Maria Theresa of Spain who became queen of France by marrying Louis XIV.  Between 1746 and 1788 the houses along the bridge were demolished for sanitary purposes and because of the danger the structures caused to the bridge's stability.

In 1853, a new stone structure was completed atop the existing stone foundation, although this reincarnation was only composed of five arches.  The new bridge was subsequently the cause of not fewer than thirty-five water traffic accidents between 1891 and 1910 and was given the unofficial name the pont du Diable (Devil's Bridge). Thus, in order to facilitate the passage of boats and the flow of the Seine, a decision was made to rebuild the bridge, this time in metal.  The new work was directed by Jean Résal, who had also worked on the Pont Mirabeau and Pont Alexandre III; it was inaugurated in 1919 by Raymond Poincaré, President of the French Republic. The structure has remained the same since.

Inscription
Beneath one of the arches, there is a distich in Latin from Italian poet Jacopo Sannazaro, best known for his master-work Arcadia, which depicted an idyllic land. The inscription reads:

This quote translates as "Joconde (Giacondo) put up this twin bridge here for you, Sequana; you are able to speak of this priest with authority" or "in this you can swear that he was the bridge-builder", punning on two possible meanings of pontifex.  This refers to the architect, Fra Giovanni Giocondo, and the numerous bridges that had been built earlier upon that spot.

Art
 Each of the bridge's arches carries a head of Dionysus carved in stone. Additionally, its piles are decorated on each side with a ram's head. In the niches along the arches there are statues of Saint Louis, Henri IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV.
 In 1756, during the bridge's commercial peak, Nicolas-Jean-Baptiste Raguenet painted La joute de mariniers entre le pont Notre-Dame et le Pont-au-Change (Jousting of the mariners between the Pont Notre-Dame and the Pont-au-Change), which shows the buildings built atop the bridge.
 In 1856, colour-blind artist Charles Meryon etched "L'Arche du pont Notre-Dame" (The arch of Pont Notre-Dame).

Access

The Pont Notre-Dame is centrally located in Paris' 4th arrondissement, connecting the Île de la Cité, one of the two natural islands on the Seine within the city limits, to the Rive Droite ().

References

External links

 Insecula Database entry for Pont Notre-Dame.

Notre-Dame
Notre Dame
Buildings and structures in the 4th arrondissement of Paris
Tourist attractions in Paris
1919 establishments in France


The IMAM Ro.30 was a 1930s Italian observation biplane designed and built by Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali. It was only built in limited numbers before being replaced by the Ro.37.

Development
Following the success of earlier observation biplanes the Ro.30 was developed in 1932 for the Regia Aeronautica. It was an unequal-span biplane  with a fixed tailwheel landing gear. It had an enclosed cockpit for the pilot located forward of the wing leading edge, an observer had a cabin between the wings, and the third crew member had an open cockpit behind the wings. It was powered either a 395 kW (530 hp) Alfa Romeo Mercury or a 373 kW (530 hp) Piaggio Jupiter radial engine.

Operators

Regia Aeronautica

Specifications (Ro.30 with Jupiter engine)

See also

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2193

Ro.30
1930s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1932


These are the official results of the Women's javelin throw event (old design) at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 8 and 9 September 1982. All results were made with a rough surfaced javelin (old design).

Medalists

Abbreviations
All results shown are in metres

Results

Final
9 September

Qualification
8 September

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.

 (1)
 (3)
 (3)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)

See also
 1980 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Moscow)
 1983 Women's World Championships Javelin Throw (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Los Angeles)
 1987 Women's World Championships Javelin Throw (Rome)
 1988 Women's Olympic Javelin Throw (Seoul)

References

 Results
 todor66

Javelin throw
Javelin throw at the European Athletics Championships
1982 in women's athletics


Perry Keyes (born 1966) is an Australian singer-songwriter.

Keyes is based in Waterloo, Sydney and grew up in nearby Redfern. Former singer-songwriter with Sydney band the Stolen Holdens, Keyes' output is best described as heartland rock in that the lyrics detail the minutiae of the seamier side of existence in and around the working class Sydney suburbs. Keyes has been acclaimed as "Redfern's answer to Bruce Springsteen".

Keyes is a supporter of his hometown rugby league club the South Sydney Rabbitohs.

Career
His debut album Meter was released in 2005.
His second album The Last Ghost Train Home was named Radio National album of the year and was a finalist for the 2007 Australian Music Prize.

In the 2010s, Keyes released Johnny Ray's Downtown which was nominated for an ARIA Award at the ARIA Music Awards of 2010.

Sunnyholt was released in 2015. Jim Salmon's Lament was released 5 October 2018.

Discography

Albums

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Sultan has been nominated for one award.

|-
| 2010
| Johnny Ray's Downtown
| ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album
|
|-

Australian Music Prize
The Australian Music Prize (the AMP) is an annual award of $30,000 given to an Australian band or solo artist in recognition of the merit of an album released during the year of award. The commenced in 2005.

|-
| 2007
|Last Ghost Train Home
| Australian Music Prize
|
|-

External links
 Official Site

References

1966 births
Living people
Australian rock singers
Musicians from Sydney
Australian male singer-songwriters
Australian singer-songwriters


Charles Lisle Carr (26 September 1871 – 20 May 1942) was an Anglican clergyman who served as the second bishop of the restored see of Coventry in the modern era and the 107th Bishop of Hereford in a long line stretching back to the 7th century.

Early life
Carr was born in Alnwick, Northumberland, the younger son of Robert Carr. He was educated at Liverpool College, and St Catharine's, Cambridge, to which college he was elected a Fellow in 1934. After university he took Holy Orders at Ridley Hall, Cambridge and embarked on a varied clerical career that took him to many urban locations.

Ecclesiastical career
Carr was curate of Aston-juxta-Birmingham, 1894–97; Redditch, 1897; Tutor of Ridley Hall, Cambridge, 1897–1902; Vicar of St Sepulchre, Cambridge, 1901–02; Vicar of St. Nicholas, Blundellsands, Liverpool, 1902–06; Rector of Woolton, Liverpool, 1906–12; Vicar of Yarmouth 1912–20; Archdeacon of Norfolk, 1916–18; Archdeacon of Norwich, 1918–20; Vicar of Sheffield, 1920–22; Honorary Canon of Sheffield Cathedral, 1920; Archdeacon of Sheffield, 1920–22; Bishop of Coventry, 1922–31; Bishop of Hereford, 1931–41.

Family
Carr was married, at the Holy Sepulchre church, Cambridge, on 1 July 1902, to Isabel Wortley Drury, daughter of Thomas Drury, the principal of Ridley Hall. They had one son. Carr retired in 1941, dying the following February. His wife survived him by 22 years.

Carr was an active Freemason in the City of Coventry.

Notes

1871 births
1942 deaths
People educated at Liverpool College
Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Sheffield
Archdeacons of Norfolk
Archdeacons of Norwich
Bishops of Coventry
Bishops of Hereford
20th-century Church of England bishops
People from Alnwick


Jemima Wedderburn Blackburn (1 May 1823 – 9 August 1909) was a Scottish painter whose work illustrated rural life in 19th-century Scotland. One of the most popular illustrators in Victorian Britain, she illustrated 27 books. Her greatest ornithological achievement was the second edition of her Birds from Nature (1868). Most of the illustrations were watercolors, with early paintings often including some ink work. A few were collages, in which she cut out a bird's outline and transferred it to a different background, in a similar manner to John James Audubon. Her many watercolours showed daily family life in the late 19th-century Scottish Highlands as well as fantasy scenes from children's fables. She achieved widespread recognition under the initials JB or her married name Mrs Hugh Blackburn.

Early life and family connections
She was born at 31 Heriot Row in Edinburgh.

She was the youngest child of James Wedderburn (1782-1822), Solicitor General for Scotland, who died some months before her birth, and Isabella Clerk, whose family were holders of the baronetcy of Clerk of Penicuik. Her paternal relatives, connected through the Wedderburn baronets, included her great-grandfather Sir John Wedderburn, 5th Baronet of Blackness, executed for his involvement with the Jacobite rising of 1745. The family was attainted and so several of the next generation went to Jamaica, where they grew rich as sugar planters. Two of these sons were John Wedderburn of Ballendean, who eventually reclaimed the family title, and James, Jemima's grandfather. The former was notable for the case brought against him under Scots law by Joseph Knight. The latter fathered Robert Wedderburn, the radical preacher, whom he did not acknowledge; Andrew Colville, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company; Jean, who married Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk; and James, the judge, who was Jemima's father.

On her mother's side, Jemima was the first cousin of James Clerk Maxwell, who lived with her family in Edinburgh when he was a schoolboy and she a young woman; she encouraged him to learn to draw.

Jemima was a friend and pupil of John Ruskin and Sir Edwin Landseer, both of whom praised her work highly.

She married the mathematician Hugh Blackburn and they bought the Roshven estate in 1854. This home became the focus of visits from some of the most celebrated figures of the century, including the Duke of Argyll, Lord Kelvin, Lord Lister, Hermann von Helmholtz, Sir John Everett Millais, Anthony Trollope and Benjamin Disraeli.

Work and legacy

Much of her work portrayed Roshven, its animals and birds. She became one of the leading bird painters of the day. "...in portraying animals, I have nothing to teach her..." - Sir Edwin Landseer, 1843

Jemima Blackburn was a keen observer of bird behaviour, as evidenced by her writings. She describes the ejection of nestling meadow pipits (Anthus pratensis) by a blind and naked hatchling common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), accompanied by a small drawing. This behaviour had been reported by Edward Jenner in 1788 but dismissed as impossible by Charles Waterton in 1836. Blackburn's account was originally published in a popular narrative for children, The Pipits in 1871. Charles Darwin refers to Blackburn's observations in the sixth edition of On the Origin of Species.

Blackburn illustrated 27 books.  A lost oil painting, "Plough Horse Startled by a Railway Engine", was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1849 and at the first exhibition of the Society of Female Artists in London in 1857. In the same year, she was asked to contribute to the first exhibition of contemporary British art in America. Her works have been exhibited in Edinburgh, Glasgow and London and examples have been acquired by the British Museum, the British Library, the Natural History Museum, Royal Collection, the National Portrait Gallery, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery and the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation.

In 1868 Blackburn published Birds drawn from Nature, which won immediate public acclaim. A copy, hand coloured under Blackburn's own supervision, was presented to the Zoological Society of London. "...We have seen no such birds since Bewick's. We say this not ignorant of the magnificent plates by Selby, Audubon, Wilson and Gould..." - The Scotsman, 1868

Beatrix Potter, famous for her own illustrations of wild and domestic animals, was a fan of Blackburn from childhood. Potter recalls her delight when given a copy of Blackburn's Birds drawn from Nature on her tenth birthday. As an adult, Potter assessed her as a "broad intelligent observer with a keen eye for the beautiful in Nature", commenting: "I consider that Mrs Blackburn's birds do not on the average stand on their legs so well as Bewick's, but he is her only possible rival". The two women met in 1894, when Blackburn was visiting Putney Park, near London, the home of a cousin of Potter's. Potter found her an extraordinarily interesting woman. "I have not been so much struck by anyone for a long time."

It is quite likely that Blackburn's work influenced Potter's 1894 illustrations for "Little Red Riding Hood", and possibly for "The Cat's Tale" a generation earlier (1870). The botanist Mary Noble argues persuasively that Potter modelled Jemima Puddle-duck, at least in name if not ornithological behaviour, on Jemima Blackburn. Blackburn died barely a year after Potter published her Tale of Jemima Puddle-duck to great success.

During her life at Roshven, Blackburn created a priceless legacy of paintings covering every facet of the life and customs of her time. Hardly a day passed without her recording some aspect of her varied and wonderful life. She painted her family and friends, important visitors and local people going about their everyday work: cutting peat, gathering bracken, making hay and many other rural activities. These paintings provide us with a treasured insight into the people and pursuits of her time and of this area. Her abiding interest lay in the countryside and the wealth of wildlife which it supported. The best of her work is to be found among her paintings of Roshven, its animals and its birds. It was through this that she became acknowledged as one of the leading bird painters of the day.

Ornithological illustrations

Modern reprints of her work

References

External links

1823 births
1909 deaths
19th-century Scottish women artists
20th-century Scottish women artists
19th-century Scottish painters
20th-century Scottish painters
Artists from Edinburgh
Scientific illustrators
Scottish ornithologists
Scottish illustrators
Scottish watercolourists
Scottish socialites
Jemima
Women watercolorists
Women ornithologists


Ye Sacred Muses is William Byrd's Musical elegy on the death of his colleague and mentor, Thomas Tallis, in the form of a secular madrigal. It is scored for 5 voices (usually four viols and countertenor), though the vocal part is scored for treble voice, or a cappella SATTB choir.

The words are:-

Ye sacred Muses, race of Jove,
whom Music's lore delighteth,
Come down from crystal heav'ns above
to earth where sorrow dwelleth,
In mourning weeds, with tears in eyes:
Tallis is dead, and Music dies.

The concluding lines are particularly effective and are repeated. The tonality of the piece is slightly ambiguous, as despite its ending on a D major chord, it never really settles in any one key. Byrd uses the Dorian mode whilst his Renaissance contemporaries generally avoided the use of Medieval modes either by sharpening leading tones or lowering the fourth in the Lydian mode. Byrd's use of the Dorian mode can be seen in the very first phrase of the piece.

External links

Informal performance by 'Wolftooth' (viol consort and alto)

Funerary and memorial compositions
Compositions by William Byrd
Thomas Tallis
Composer tributes (classical music)


"Oats, Peas, Beans and Barley Grow" (often sung as "Oats (and) Beans (and) Barley Grow") is a traditional British and American folk song, 1380 in the Roud Folk Song Index.

The tune normally used goes by the name "Baltimore" and appears in Joshua Cushing's book "The Fifer's Companion" (1790). According to Alice Bertha Gomme's book "The Traditional Games of England, Scotland and Ireland" (1894), this is a "play song", in which children perform actions with the song, standing in a ring. In "Notes and Queries" 7th series, number xii (c 1870) it is discussed, but the Columbia State University website claims that the earliest known version of the words is dated 1898 (Gomme).

Recordings
 Tim Hart and Maddy Prior on "Folk Songs of Olde England" Vol 2 (1968)
 Roberts and Barrand on "Mellow With Ale From the Horn" (1975) as "Oats and Beans and Barley Grows"
 Raffi on Baby Beluga as "Oats and Beans and Barley" 1980
 Tony Bluto featuring Janet Palmer in the 1995 VHS tape Nursery Rhyme Time, directed, produced and written by Allan Burr
 The Friends of Fiddler's Green This Side of the Ocean as "Oats and Beans" 1981 and 1997. The highest note is D, and the lowest note is G. The dynamic is soft, The part in this song that gets higher is measure 5&6.
 The Kidsongs Kids and the Biggles on Country Sing-Along (1994) as "Watch Our Oats and Barley Grow"
 The Revels on "The Wild Mountain Thyme" (1994)
 Broadside Band on "Old English Nursery Rhymes" (1996)
James Turner in the 1992 Barney & Friends episode "Eat, Drink And Be Healthy" (season 1, episode 5)
 David Holt featuring Sue-Elliott Nicholls, Maria Darling and Jimmy Hibbert in the 2005 Muffin The Mule episode "Muffin's Harvest Home" (series 1, episode 13)

Published versions
 Lucy Broadwood English County Songs
 In Notes and Queries 7th series, number xii (c 1870)
 In Northall, G. F. English Folk-Rhymes: A collection of traditional verses relating to places and persons, customs, superstitions, etc. (1892) pg. 370
 Hampshire Dance Tunes by Bob Shatwell & Paul Sartin (2007)
 The very first edition of the Journal of the EFDSS had an article on this song.

References

Baltimore
Gomme, Children's Games
Music and lyrics This website (folkinfo.org forum) closed in December 2012
Music and lyrics This website archives a copy of the closed folkinfo.org database
Columbia State University
Lyrics
 The British Library - Singing and dancing Audio recording of a variation of the song, Green Peas and Barley Grow, from 1961

American folk songs
British folk songs
Singing games
Year of song unknown