The Honey Hollow Watershed is a  watershed on the south side of the Delaware River a few miles north of New Hope, Pennsylvania.  It is the site of the first privately owned soil conservation district in the United States.  Created by five landowners in 1933, it was successful in mitigating the effects of erosion caused by the introduction of modern agricultural methods in the early 20th century.  The area was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1969.

The project
The Honey Hollow Watershed is located in Solebury Township, in a rural area west of the town of New Hope.  It is bounded on the northeast by Sugan Road, and is roughly bisected by Creamery Road, with its western and southern bounds defined by the ridgeline that separates Honey Hollow from an adjacent watershed.  To the northwest it is also bounded by a ridge that runs parallel to and northwest of Upper York Road.  The area historically consisted of five farms totaling about 650 acres. The landscape of the farmland in this area retains features established in the 1930s, including contour-plowed fields, terracing, and water runoff diversion ditches.

The watershed area has a long history of agricultural use, dating to the mid-18th century.  Mechanized methods of cultivation and field management were widely introduced in the years after World War I, here and elsewhere in the country, which resulted in a significant amount of soil loss due to erosion, and siltation of water bodies downstream.  Although the federal government was aware of the problem in the late 1920s, and began applying conservation methods to government-owned lands in 1933, the legality of imposing such methods on the (in aggregate) much larger private landholdings in the nation was still a subject of debate.  The five farmers who owned the properties in Honey Hollow, whose lands were suffering from these problems, decided to band together to address what was a shared problem.

Established with the help of  the Soil Conservation Service in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, the project became a model of cooperative conservation efforts.  By 1941 terraces and diversion ditches were built to control runoff on steep slopes and hedges were planted to control erosion. The project attracted national attention when Vice President Henry Wallace visited the first time in 1944. Conservationist Louis Bromfield also became associated with the project.  P. Alston Waring, one of six farmers involved in the project, wrote about the project in the United States Department of Agriculture publication "Team Work to Save Soil and Increase Production."
and in the magazine "The Land."

The watershed was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1969.

Gallery

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bucks County, Pennsylvania

References

National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Landforms of Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Watersheds of the United States
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Bucks County, Pennsylvania


White lead is the basic lead carbonate 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2. It is a complex salt, containing both carbonate and hydroxide ions. White lead occurs naturally as a mineral, in which context it is known as hydrocerussite, a hydrate of cerussite. It was formerly used as an ingredient for lead paint and a cosmetic called Venetian ceruse, because of its opacity and the satiny smooth mixture it made with dryable oils. However, it tended to cause lead poisoning, and its use has been banned in most countries.

White lead compounds known as lead soap were also used as additive for lubricants for bearings and in machine shops.  Lead soap was also used as an oil drying agent for paints made with drying oil or air drying paints made with alkyd resins.  Lead is often used with cobalt driers.  Lead free substitutes have been developed to replace this use of lead in paint.

History
What is commonly known today as the "Dutch method" for the preparation of white lead was described as early as Theophrastus of Eresos (ca. 300 BC), in his brief work on rocks or minerals, On Stones or History of Stones. His directions for the process were repeated throughout history by many authors of chemical and alchemical literature. The uses of cerussa were described as an external medication and pigment.

Clifford Dyer Holley quotes from Theophrastus' History of Stones as follows, in his book The Lead and Zinc Pigments.

Later descriptions of the Dutch process involved casting metallic lead as thin buckles and corroded with acetic acid in the presence of carbon dioxide. This was done by placing them over pots with a little vinegar (which contains acetic acid).  These were stacked up and covered with a mixture of decaying dung and spent tanner's bark, which supplied the CO2, and left for six to fourteen weeks, by which time the blue-grey lead had corroded to white lead. The pots were then taken to a separating table where scraping and pounding removed the white lead from the buckles. The powder was then dried and packed for shipment or shipped as a paste. One benefit of the process was that it was not necessary to dry the paste of white lead, removing its water. All that needed was to mill the paste with linseed oil, and the white lead would take up the oil and reject the residual water, to give white lead in oil.

Paints

White lead has been the principal white pigment of classical European oil painting. There have been claims that it is partly responsible for darkening of old paintings over time, reacting with trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide in the air to produce black lead sulfide. Other authorities dispute this; the most traditional view is that impermanent pigments and dirty varnish (which is often cleanable) are more likely responsible for darkening.

White lead has been mostly supplanted in artistic use by titanium white, which has much higher tinting strength than white lead. Critics argue that substitutes like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are more reactive, become brittle, and can flake off. White lead is less used by today's painters, not because of its toxicity directly; but simply because its toxicity in other contexts has led to trade restrictions that make white lead difficult for artists to obtain in sufficient quantities. Winsor & Newton, the English paint company, was restricted in 2014 from selling its flake white in tubes and now must sell exclusively in  tins.

In the eighteenth century, white lead paints were routinely used to repaint the hulls and floors of Royal Navy vessels, to waterproof the timbers and limit infestation by shipworm.

Other synonyms (as an art pigment)
Among the synonyms for white lead are Berlin white, Cremnitz white, Dutch white lead, flake white, Flemish white, Krems white, London white, Pigment White 1, Roman white, silver white, slate white and Vienna white.

See also
 List of inorganic pigments
 Venetian ceruse
 White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921

References

Further reading
 Gettens, R.J., Kühn, H. and Chase, W.T. "Lead White", in Roy, A., (Ed), Artists' Pigments, Vol 2, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 67–81

External links

 Lead white, Colourlex

Lead(II) compounds
Inorganic pigments
Environmental impact of paint


Castelnau-de-Montmiral (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

Demography

Geography

The Vère flows westward through the commune.

History

While traces of activities dating back to the Bronze Age such as dolmens and oppidums can be seen in the nearby forest La Grésigne, the village was founded as an albigensian bastide (fortified new town) in 1222 by Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, under the name “Castellum Novum Montis Mirabilis”.

During the subsequent years, the village remained an impressive stronghold. In 1345, during the Hundred Years' War, when Edward the Black Prince invaded the Albigeois, he reportedly left without besieging the village… Later, it served as a shelter for Catholics who were fleeing from Gaillac because of the Wars of Religion.
King Louis XIII visited Castelnau in June 1622, and stayed in the “Tonnac” house.

Remarkable sites and monuments

Remarkable sites and monuments in Castelnau-de-Montmiral include :

 the village itself, listed among «Les Plus Beaux Villages de France »
 the central square surrounded by corbel vaults, with an ancient pillory
 the Notre Dame de l’Assomption church, with a 16th-century bell
 ancient stone houses and half-timbered houses
 the ramparts
 the Reliquary cross, created in 1341 by a goldsmith in Albi
 the nearby forest La Grésigne

Cultural references

 Intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir once visited the village. Here are her comments :
“One evening, a small, jolting, overcrowded bus took us to Castelnau-de-Montmiral; it was raining; as we got out on the square surrounded by corbel vaults, Sartre abruptly told that he was fed up with being mad.” ("Un soir, un petit autobus cahotant et bondé nous amena à Castelnau de Montmiral; il pleuvait; en descendant sur la place entourée d’arcades, Sartre me dit abruptement qu’il en avait assez d’être fou.")
 In the American TV series Smallville, Lana Lang’s family comes from Castelnau-de-Montmiral.

See also
 Communes of the Tarn department
 Tourism in Tarn

References

Communes of Tarn (department)
Plus Beaux Villages de France
1222 establishments in Europe
1220s establishments in France
Populated places established in the 1220s


Blackstone Army Airfield , also known as Allen C. Perkinson Airport, is located two miles (3 km) east of the central business district of Blackstone, a town in Nottoway County, Virginia, United States. It is owned by the United States Army and the Town of Blackstone.

It is named for Allen C. Perkinson, a CAP Virginia Wing Commander in the 1940s.

History
During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces.   It was used by Third Air Force as a group training airfield, and later by Air Technical Service Command.

Facilities and aircraft
The airport covers an area of  which contains two concrete paved runways: 4/22 measuring 4,632 x 150 ft (1,412 x 46 m) and 1/19 measuring 4,032 x 75 ft (1,229 x 23 m). Runway 4/22 can accommodate up to a C-17 airframe(weight capacity of runway is 595,000 lbs). Runway 1/19 accommodates only large UAS traffic. For the 12-month period ending July 31, 2006, the airport had 3,482 aircraft operations, an average of 9 per day: 85% military and 15% general aviation.

Current tenants
 Virginia Air National Guard
 Fort Pickett Composite Squadron VA-142, Civil Air Patrol

See also

 Fort Pickett
 Virginia Wing Civil Air Patrol
 Virginia World War II Army Airfields

References

External links
 Blackstone Army Airfield at Fort Pickett web site
 Blackstone AAF / A.C. Perkinson Airport at GlobalSecurity.org
 Blackstone Army Air Field / Allen C. Perkinson Municipal Airport page from Virginia Airport Directory

United States Army airfields
Airports in Virginia
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Nottoway County, Virginia
Transportation in Nottoway County, Virginia


Roquevidal (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

Communes of Tarn (department)


Saint-Michel-Labadié (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

Communes of Tarn (department)


Combefa (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

It has an old ruined castle, the "Château de Combefa", former summer residence of the bishops of Albi. The chapel of the castle contained a 15th-century sculpture group representing the Entombment of Christ. The sculpture group was moved to the hospital of Monestiés in 1774.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

Communes of Tarn (department)


Péchaudier (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

Communes of Tarn (department)


Padiès (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

The Château de Padiès is situated in the commune of Lempaut, 62 km to the southwest of Padiès.

Population

Geography
The Cérou forms most of the commune's northwestern border.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

External links

 Lieux secrets du Pays Cathare on PADIES (Blog)

Communes of Tarn (department)


Vielmur-sur-Agout (, literally Vielmur on Agout; ) is a commune in the Tarn department and Occitania region of southern France.

See also
Communes of the Tarn department

References

Communes of Tarn (department)


The New York Knickerbockers, better known as the New York Knicks, are a professional basketball team based in New York City that competes in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team has played in the NBA throughout the league's entire history. The Knicks play in the Eastern Conference's Atlantic Division. In its 77 seasons, the franchise has reached the NBA Finals eight times and won two championships. As of the end of the 2021–22 season, New York has won more than 2,900 regular season games, and the team has the fourth-highest victory total in NBA history. Since 1968, the Knicks have played home games at Madison Square Garden.

One of the Basketball Association of America's (BAA) 11 teams during its inaugural season, the Knicks won the league's first game, defeating the Toronto Huskies 68–66 on November 1, 1946. The club qualified for the playoffs in the league's first three seasons before the BAA merged with the National Basketball League in 1949 to form the NBA. Following the merger, New York extended its streak of playoff appearances to nine consecutive years. The team reached the NBA Finals each year from 1952 to 1954. The Knicks returned to the Finals in 1970 and defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in seven games for the team's first title. New York and Los Angeles faced each other again in the 1972 Finals, a series that the Lakers won four games to one. The Knicks earned their second NBA championship the following year, as they won a rematch with Los Angeles in five games.

From 1988 to 2001, the franchise made the playoffs in 14 consecutive seasons. The team reached its first NBA Finals in 21 seasons in 1994, losing to the Houston Rockets in seven games. Five years later, New York again lost in the NBA Finals, this time in a five-game series against the San Antonio Spurs. The Knicks struggled during the early years of the 21st century, winning only one playoff series between 2001 and 2022. In the 2022–23 season, New York posted a 47–35 record and returned to the playoffs, losing to the Miami Heat in the conference semifinals.

Table key

Seasons
Note: Statistics are correct as of the .

All-time records

Notes

References
General

Specific

seasons
New York Knicks seasons


The Philadelphia 76ers, often referred to as the "Sixers", are an American professional basketball team based in Philadelphia. The Sixers play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In seventy complete NBA seasons, the franchise has played in the Finals nine times and won three championships. The Sixers have the third-highest victory total and third most playoff appearances in NBA history. Since 1996, the Sixers have played home games at Wells Fargo Center.

In 1946, owner Danny Biasone founded the franchise as the Syracuse Nationals, a member of the National Basketball League (NBL). The Nationals qualified for the playoffs three times then joined the NBA in 1949, one of seven NBL teams to merge with the rival Basketball Association of America (BAA). The Nationals qualified for the playoffs in every season played in Syracuse, advancing to three Finals and winning their only title while in Syracuse in 1955. For the 1963–64 season, the year following the departure of the Philadelphia Warriors for San Francisco, the Syracuse Nationals relocated to Philadelphia as the 76ers.

The franchise has played 57 seasons as the Philadelphia 76ers, with 36 playoff appearances and two championships. The Sixers acquired Philadelphia-native Wilt Chamberlain in 1964 from the Warriors and defeated Chamberlain's former team in the 1967 Finals, but suffered a sharp fall from grace due to the loss of Chamberlain to retirement and Billy Cunningham to the ABA: in 1972–73 the team won only nine games, the fewest in an 82-game NBA season. Under coaches Gene Shue and Cunningham, and the on-court leadership of forward Julius Erving, the 76ers returned as a power quite rapidly, achieving winning records in all but one season from 1975–76 to 1990–91. The Sixers won their last title in 1983 against the Los Angeles Lakers, sweeping them in four games.

During the 1990s, the 76ers declined to an 18–64 record in 1995–96 before popular high-scoring guard Allen Iverson led the team back up the table. In 2000–01 the Iverson-led 76ers won fifty-six games and defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in the Eastern Conference finals to reach the 2001 Finals but lost to the Lakers four games to one in the best-of-seven series. The 76ers were a middle-of-the-road team on-court during the following dozen seasons, but by the early 2010s financial problems led incoming general manager Sam Hinkie to clean out any expensive players in order to save money and gain draft choices for the future. Lacking on-court talent, the 76ers set many records for ineptitude in the following three seasons, becoming the second NBA team after the 1995–96 to 1998–99 Grizzlies to suffer three consecutive seasons winning fewer than twenty games. In 2015–16 by going 10–72 the 76ers suffered the ignominy of having suffered the two all-time worst 82-game NBA season winning percentages.

Seasons

All-time records

NBA records

NBL records

Notes

Sources
NBA History, nba.com. NBA Media Ventures, LLC. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
Philadelphia 76ers, basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
Playoff Index, basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2009-09-06.

References

seasons


The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco. The franchise has also been based in Philadelphia, Oakland, and San Jose (during a renovation of its home arena). The team is a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Warriors joined the Basketball Association of America (BAA) as the Philadelphia Warriors in 1946 and won the first BAA championship title in the same year, under coach Edward Gottlieb. They joined the NBA following the BAA-NBL merger in 1949. The Warriors' record was 26–42 in their first NBA season, and they lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Syracuse Nationals. Franklin Mieuli and the Diners Club put together a group of 40 local investors to move the Warriors to San Francisco before the 1962–63 NBA season, with Mieuli eventually buying all the shares of the franchise to keep the team from collapsing and to keep it in the area. After playing several home games in Oakland from 1967 onward, the team moved to Oakland full-time for the 1971–72 NBA season and changed its name to the Golden State Warriors.

Led by Rick Barry, the Warriors were a formidable franchise during the middle 1970s, achieving winning records every season from 1971–72 to 1977–78, winning two division titles, and defeating the Washington Bullets in the 1975 NBA championship. However, after Barry departed at the end of the 1977–78 season, the Warriors failed to compete for a title for the next 35 seasons. Between 1978–79 and 2011–12, the Warriors only achieved winning records in eight seasons. The team also suffered the NBA’s fourth-longest postseason appearance drought in history, with no playoff appearances between 1994–95 and 2005–06; this mark trails only the Braves/Clippers between 1976–77 and 1990–91, the Timberwolves between 2004–05 and 2016–17, and the Kings from 2006–07 to 2021-22.

Led by NBA Most Valuable Player Stephen Curry, the Warriors defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games to win the 2015 NBA championship series. In the following season, the Warriors—boosted by over half a decade of skillful drafting—finished with the best record in NBA history; the team ended the 2015–16 season with a mark of 73–9, one win better than Michael Jordan’s 1995–96 Bulls. The Warriors reached the 2016 NBA Finals but were defeated by the Cavaliers in seven games. After adding Kevin Durant in the off-season, they won 67 games during the 2016–17 campaign. The Warriors set another NBA record by winning 207 games during the three-year period ending in 2017. In the 2017 NBA Finals, the Warriors faced the Cavaliers again and won the NBA title in five games. In 2018, meeting the Cavaliers in the finals for the fourth consecutive season, the Warriors swept the series, winning the final game 108–85. In 2019, the Warriors returned to the NBA Finals for the fifth consecutive time, however, the Cavaliers did not appear in this series. They became the second team in NBA history to reach the NBA Finals in five consecutive seasons. The Warriors faced off against the Toronto Raptors and they lost to them in six games.

Upon injuries to backcourt duo Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson as well as Durant's sign-and-trade departure to the Brooklyn Nets, the Warriors struggled for the next two years, failing to qualify for the playoffs in either season. The team would return to familiar success after defeating the Boston Celtics in 6 games in the 2022 NBA Finals. Curry would win NBA Finals MVP, winning his fourth championship and popularly cementing his role as the face of the franchise's dynastic era. The following 2022 season would see difficulties in balancing veteran leadership and youthful development, producing criticisms from analysts and opponents in the Warriors' ability to continue their dominance.

Table key

Seasons
Note: Statistics are correct as of the 2022–23 NBA season.

All-time records

Notes

References

General

Specific

seasons


Sri Maharaja, Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (17 July 1862 – 20 February 1914) was the Prime Minister of Nepal for 114 days in 1901. He was also the King of Lamjung and Kaski.

Family and early life

He was the fourth of 17 sons born to Chief of the Army Dhir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (a younger brother of Jung Bahadur Rana) and his third wife, Rani Nanda Kumari, daughter of Kazi Hemdal Singh Thapa (sister of Commanding Colonel Keshar Singh Shumsher Thapa).

His father and brothers had trouble maintaining a big family. The Shamshers were poorer than Jung and other cousins. To ease the burden on his father, Dev was adopted at a young age by his father's childless older brother, General Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, and was raised by him and his wife.

As an adopted child of Krishna, the governor of Palpa, Dev had a lavish upbringing compared to his siblings. The only occasions he met his siblings were during festivities and family gatherings. He was closer to the sons of Jung and spent most of his time in their palace, Thapathali Durbar. He inherited his uncle's entire wealth as well as a share of his father's. Since he was much richer than his brothers, they envied him.

Coup
In 1885, the Shamsher family, along with nephews of Jung Bahadur, murdered many of Jung's sons, took over Nepal in a military coup d'état, and brought in the rule of the Shamsher family (also known as the Satra Bhai (17 brothers) family). They murdered Sri 3 Maharaja Ranodip Singh and occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister. They later added Jung Bahadur to their name, though they were descended from Jung's younger brother Dhir Shamsher.

Dev felt guilty of what had transpired during the coup. He was held at gunpoint by General Dhoj Narsingh Rana but was forgiven and allowed to live. He asked for the exiled family members to return to Nepal. Dhoj adopted the son of Ranodip Singh (biological father was Badri Narsingh Rana), who had to flee to India with his family along with many of Jung's descendants.

Although the coup was plotted by the Shamsher brothers, Dev did not know about it. Due to his close relationship with the Jung family, the Shamshers did not believe that Dev would participate in the coup against the Jungs. On the night that the Shamshers attacked and killed the Jung Ranas, Dev was intoxicated and slept in the quarters of Ranabir Jung. He was mistaken for being a Jung and nearly killed, but was spared when one of the killers recognized him.

When the Shamshers killed and exiled the powerful Jung family and other rival Rana families, they took control of the Jungs' immense wealth.

Accession

Dev became the Prime Minister of Nepal on 5 March 1901 (1957 Falgun 15). He claimed his heredity from his late brother Sri 3 Maharaja, Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR), and received the "Laal Mohur", the official stamp of the King of Nepal from then-King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah.

According to the traditions of the Rana family, relatives were appointed to high office.
 Chandra Shumsher JBR became Chief of the Army
 Bhim Shumsher JBR became Western Commanding General
 Fathe Shamsher JBR became Eastern Commanding General
 Jeet Shamsher JBR became Southern Commanding General
 and Juddha Shumsher JBR became Northern Commanding General

Dev kept his brother Fathe Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana as Hujuriya General (Chief of the Prime Minister's bodyguard) and his nephew General Gehendra Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana in his post of spy-chief and head of police. Gahendra was one of the most powerful people at the time, placed his allies in all the high positions of the police force since the time of his father, Prime Minister Bir Shamsher JBR. Dev appointed his brother Sher Shamsher as the Chief of Staff to then-King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah and built a palace for him. In the same year, Sher was appointed as the first director of Nepal's first national newspaper Gorkhapatra, which is still the government national daily.

His brothers' envy led them to overthrow him in 1901 when he had become Maharajah.

Dev was satisfied with the "Universal Education" (Aksharanka Shiksha) plan prepared by Jaya Prithvi Bahadur Singh, King of Bajhang. Dev remarked in Gorkhapatra, "If anyone wishes to satisfy the prime minister, it should be with the works like this, not flattery". The publication of Weekly Gorkhapatra started in May 1901 (B.S. 1958. Vaisakha 24). Within a short period of time the paper progressed well and started publishing bi-weekly, before becoming a daily issue due to its popularity.

An iron ore mine was constructed in Thosay during Dev's time. The Thosay bazaar is 15 km away north from Manthali, the headquarters of Ramechhap district. Iron from this area was used to manufacture weapons that were used in the war against Tibet. Trekkers pass through this Thosay bazaar on their way to Mt. Sagarmatha (Everest) (Gorkhapatra Daily, 16 January 2002).

During his short tenure, Dev Shamsher was known as "The Reformist" for his progressive policies: he proclaimed universal education, began to build schools, took steps to abolish slavery, and introduced several other social welfare schemes. He also made improvements to the arsenal at Nakkhu (south of Kathmandu). As a democratic person, he took the advice of his nephew General Gehendra Shumsher, established a parliament, and built a big hall in his Thapathali Durbar like his uncle, Jung Bahadur.

He proposed a system of universal public primary education, using Nepali as the language of instruction, and opened Durbar High School to children who were not members of the Rana clan. His call for reforms did not entirely disappear; a few Nepali-language primary schools in the Kathmandu Valley, the Hill Region, and the Tarai remained open, and the practice of admitting a few middle- and low-caste children to Durbar High School continued.

Dev was also responsible for introducing a campaign in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan to fight corruption, as well as introducing a cannon shot at midday to let people know the time. He organized a ladies court like his late uncle Jung Bahadur, and was the first person to introduce Gorkhapatra (which is still the national daily newspaper) to Nepal. He made his "Sindure Yatra" royal proclamation eight times in cities like Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Nagarkot, and Kakani. Sources claim that his lifestyle was lavish; in his short 4-month regime, he introduced gambling for two months, along with bhajan from 3-5 p.m. and silent movies from 8-10 p.m.

Unlike his predecessors, Dev, as a reformist, drew parallels with the Tokugawa shogunate and he likewise emulated the reforms of the Meiji Restoration of Japan. He also planned to send Nepali youths to Japan for higher studies. Wisteria, chrysanthemums, persimmons, and chestnuts were imported as seeds from Japan by one of the students who studied agriculture there.

He learned about the modernization programs of Japan since 1868, the famous Meiji Ishin, the government policy, and the Meiji Constitution, and realized Japan was becoming a powerful nation in economy and national security. Dev regarded Japan as his model, and was convinced by the ideas of a constitutional monarchy and the parliamentary system. He was unable to implement his plan during his rule, but the next Prime Minister, Chandra Shamsher, sent students to Japan in April 1902.

Family life
His personal lifestyle was considered to be extravagant, even by Rana standards. He led the most flamboyant and lavish lifestyle out of all the Rana Maharajahs.

Dev Shamsher had 13 sons and 6 daughters. His four wives were Maharani Karma Kumari, Maharani Krishna Kumari, Maharani Sarada and Rani Ganesh Kumari.

Deposition and exile
Dev was deposed by his brothers and exiled to Dhankuta as governor of East Nepal, before fleeing to Darjeeling, India, under the refuge of the British Raj. He was succeeded by his brother Chandra Shamsher.

Dev sent a message to the League of Nations informing them of his exile and the good work he had been doing in Nepal, but nothing came of it. Chandra made a special request to the British to look after Dev and to ensure a comfortable retirement to ensure that he would not interfere with Nepali matters. The British offered him a large plot of land in New Delhi (now Connaught Place), but he refused and chose to settle in Jharipani in Mussoorie instead, citing that he favored the cooler hills to the heat of New Delhi. He built a sprawling collection of grand buildings near Jharipani with huge gateways marking the entrances to what they had named the Fairlawn Palace which remained his residence until his death. The palace was later sold by his descendants and was abandoned. The ruins of the palace are still present and part of the estate has been developed for a school and residential purposes.

All of Dev's children were exiled to Mussorie with him, although they were allowed to travel back and forth to Nepal. They were only permitted to return when Juddha Shamsher became Prime Minister. Juddha, being very young, was raised by Dev's wife Karmakumari. Dev had agreed to the wishes of his dying father Dhir Shamsher to consider Juddha in the line of succession. The issue of Juddha mother Johar Kumari's caste remains a mystery and it is widely believed that she came from a no-caste Sanyasi (Giri-Puri-Bharati) background.

Both Dev and his wife supported Juddha and were crucial in ensuring he was in the line of succession. They have been referred to as his "foster parents", so when Juddha Shamsher eventually became Prime Minister of Nepal, he rescinded Dev's descendants' status as exiles. They were given back their palaces in Thapathali and large plots of land in the Banke and Bardiya districts of Nepal, where some of his descendants reside. They were given high-ranking military positions, and all of Dev's children and grandchildren were given allowances from the state. As a tribute to his foster mother, Juddha built a statue of her, which can be seen inside the zoo in Jawalakhel. It is the biggest statue of any female in the country. Many of Dev's descendants can now be found either in Thapathali in Kathmandu, the traditional home of the Ranas, or in Nepalgunj in western Nepal and in Dehradun in India.

Ancestry

References

1862 births
1914 deaths
Prime ministers of Nepal
Assassinated Nepalese politicians
Japan–Nepal relations
Rana regime
Rana dynasty
20th-century prime ministers of Nepal
19th-century Nepalese nobility
20th-century Nepalese nobility
Nepalese Hindus
1910s assassinated politicians


Les Innocents is a French rock and pop duet consisting of Jean-Philippe Nataf (nicknamed Jipé, vocals, guitar) and Jean-Christophe Urbain (nicknamed Jean-Chri, vocals, guitar, keyboards) from 1982 to 1999 and 2013 onwards. Former members include Michael Rushton (drums), Bernard Viguie (bass), Rico (bass) and Pierre Morin (drums).

Biography
The band was founded in 1982 in Lille and had their initial success with the single "Jodie" (1987), and their first album Cent Mètres au Paradis (1989). In 1992 they produced their album Fous à lier, which became their first major success. "L'Autre Finistère", the main single of the album, was extensively played by French radios in 1992. The next album, Post Partum, confirmed their talent and popularity, and took them to the peak of their fame. "Colore" was one of the most aired singles of 1996.

They released a self-titled album in 1999, which ultimately led to their separation in 2000, in part because of lukewarm sales, as well as some internal musical differences. JP Nataf continued a solo career, while Jean-Christophe Urbain focused on producing and writing for other artists. The pair eventually met again in 2003 for the release of their best of named "Meilleurs Souvenirs".

Jean-Philippe Nataf and Jean-Christophe Urbain are close friends of the singer Jil Caplan, with whom they have worked. Jean-Christophe Urbain eventually became her life partner.

The duet reformed in 2013 and have been performing small concerts on a regular basis since then. They eventually recorded a new album, named "Mandarine", released in 2015.

Members
 from 1982 to June 1988: JP Nataf (Jipé), Rico, Bertrand Sansonetti (Tramber), Pierre Morin
 from June 1988 to 1990: JP Nataf (Jipé), Rico, Jean-Christophe Urbain (Jean-Chri)
 from 1990 to 1995: JP Nataf (Jipé), Rico, Jean-Christophe Urbain (Jean-Chri), Michael Rushton
 from 1996 to 1999: JP Nataf (Jipé), Jean-Christophe Urbain (Jean-Chri), Michael Rushton, Bernard Viguié, Christopher Board.
 after 2013: JP Nataf (Jipé), Jean-Christophe Urbain (Jean-Chri).
 Bertrand Sansonetti has released one album in 1991, Saint-Lazare, in which features Le carrousel.
 Pierre Morin has released two albums: La Fidélité mon amour in 1991 and Free Vol in 1995.

Discography

Studio albums
 Cent Mètres Au Paradis (1989)
 Fous à lier (1992)
 Post-Partum (1995)
 Les Innocents (1999)
 Mandarine (2015)
 6 1/2 (2019)

Compilation
 Meilleurs Souvenirs (2003)

Singles and EPs
With peak positions in French SNEP Singles Chart:

 "Pamela" (1985)
 "Jodie" (1987) - #34
 "Et le Temps n'attend pas" (1988)
 "Les Innocents chantent Noël" (1989)
 "Miss Monde pleure" (1990)
 "Mon Dernier Soldat" (1991)
 "L'Autre Finistère" (1992) - #10
 "Un Homme extraordinaire" (1993) - #27
 "Fous à lier" (1993)
 "Je vais à Bang Bang" (1993)
 "Un Monde parfait" (1995)
 "Colore" (1996) - #31
 "Des jours adverses" (1996)
 "Dentelle" (1996)
 "Raide raide raide" (1997)
 "Le Cygne" (1999)
 "Danny Wilde" (2000)
 "Une Vie moins ordinaire" (2000)
 "Un Homme extraordinaire" (2013) - #125
 "Les philharmonies martiennes" (2015)
 "Love qui peut" (2015)

References

French rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
1982 establishments in France
Musical groups from Hauts-de-France


The following is a list of people who were born in, have lived in, or are otherwise associated with American city of Sedalia, Missouri; they are known as Sedalians. In addition to what follows, a list of more than fifty Sedalia "Old Timers", who had met at the Sedalia Courthouse on the previous evening, was published in the December 12, 1893, issue of the Sedalia Bazoo; the list indicated when they had arrived in Sedalia, and from whence they had come.

Arts

Acting

 Dorothy Dwan (1906–1981) – film actress
 Lucille McVey (1890–1925) – film screenwriter and silent film actress; married to Sidney Drew in 1914; often credited under married name of Mrs. Sidney Drew; through marriage, aunt to John, Lionel and Ethel Barrymore
 Jack Oakie, born Lewis Delaney Offield (1903–1978) – film, stage, radio, and television actor

Comedy

Literature

 Charles G. Finney – US Army veteran, novelist and author of The Circus of Dr. Lao among others, and copy editor of the Arizona Daily Star.
 Joel Townsley Rogers (1896–1984) – short-story writer; mystery novelist
 June Rae Wood (born 1946) – children's and young adult's author

Music

 Scott Hayden (1882–1915) – composer of ragtime music
 Scott Joplin (1867/1868–1917) – musician and composer of ragtime music
 L. Viola Kinney (c.1890 – 1945) – composer, pianist, and music educator
 Arthur Marshall (1881–1968) – composer and performer of ragtime music
 Etilmon Justus Stark (1868–1962) – ragtime composer and arranger
 John Stillwell Stark (1841–1927) – piano dealer; publisher of ragtime music; promoter of Scott Joplin
 Leroy Van Dyke (born 1929) – country music performer; wrote "The Auctioneer" and recorded "Walk on By"; recorded over 500 songs
Gene Watts, trombonist and co-founder of Canadian Brass

Education

 Winona Cargile Alexander (1893–1984) – founder, Delta Sigma Theta sorority; high-school teacher; social worker

Science and engineering

 Daniel C. Jackling (1869–1956) – mining and metallurgical engineer; founder, Utah Copper Company; known as "the father of open-pit mining"
 Walter Rautenstrauch (1880–1951) – mechanical engineer; first chairman of Columbia University's Department of Industrial Engineering; adviser to the Mexican Government; co-founder of Committee on Technocracy (1932)

Historical figures

 Clay Allison (1840–1887) – gunfighter, American Old West

Journalism

 Raymond Peter Brandt (1896–1974) – Rhodes Scholar; O.I.C. Office of Finances, American Relief Administration, Vienna, Austria, 1920; District Supervisor, American Relief Administration, Vitebsk, Russia, (1922–1923); reporter, St. Louis Post-Dispatch (1917–1919), and Washington, D.C. correspondent for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch (1923–1967)
 Elizabeth Williams Cosgrove (1878–1975), journalist; writer; poet
 Elizabeth Jane Dugan (?1848–1911) – also known as "Rosa Pearle"; poet; journalist (started with the Sedalia Bazoo; founder and editor of the Saturday-evening society weekly Rosa Pearle's Paper (1894–1911)
 Mary Frances "Murry" Engle (1930–2005) – journalist, Sedalia Democrat (1950–1966), Boeing News and Boeing Magazine (1967–1970); Honolulu Star-Bulletin (1970–1993)
 Charles Grandison Finney (1905–1984) – journalist; writer; part-time night club owner; author, The Circus of Dr. Lao, which adapted as the film 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964)
 Hazel Norinne Lang (1903–1996) – journalist, reporter and feature writer with the Sedalia Democrat (1925–1970); poet; historian (author of Only Human; Poems of Everyday Life, Exposition Press, (New York), 1955, and the 1,112-page Life in Pettis County, 1815–1873, published in Sedalia, in 1975)
 Casper Salathiel Yost (1863–1941) – editor of St. Louis Globe-Democrat; founder of American Society of Newspaper Editors (1922)

Medicine

 Walter Edward Dandy (1886–1946) – scientist and neurosurgeon
 Willis P. King – president, Missouri State Medical Association (1881)
 Thomas J. Montgomery – vice-president, Missouri State Medical Association (1874)
 John W. Trader – president, Missouri State Medical Association (1876)

Military

United States Army

 Richard D. Dean (born 1929) – United States Army Brigadier General and Deputy Director of the Army National Guard
 Rufus Estes Longan (1879–1936) – Brigadier General, United States Army
 John C. McLaughlin (1903–1967) – Major General, United States Army, 35th Infantry Division
 John Henry Parker – Brigadier General, United States Army; West Point Graduate; war hero; first to recognize the tactical advantages of machine guns to continuously support advancing infantry and protect artillery trains (carriages pulled by draft animals); awarded the Distinguished Service Cross four times, for valor displayed on four separate occasions, during 1918
 Edgar Frank Thelen (born 1906) – University of Missouri graduate; associate of Harry S. Truman in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (1930–1940); US Army officer (1942–1961); staff member, University of Missouri
 William S. Triplet (1900–1994) – Colonel United States Army; professional soldier; West Point graduate (1924); served in both World War I and World War II

United States Air Force

 James Phillip Fleming (born 1943) – United States Air Force pilot in the Vietnam War; awarded Medal of Honor for bravery
 Arthur G. Salisbury (1916–2005) – Major General, USAF
 George Allison Whiteman – first USAF airman killed in World War II; killed when attempting to get his plane off the ground at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941; in 1955, Sedalia Air Force Base was renamed Whiteman Air Force Base in his honor

Other

 William Gentry (1818–1890) – Major in the 40th Enrolled Missouri Militia; livestock farmer; railroad executive; candidate for Governor (1874)

Politics and government

Heads of state and heads of government

Emmet Montgomery Reily (1866–1954) – journalist; politician; Governor of Puerto Rico (1921–1923)
 Charles Emmett Yeater (1861–1943) – graduate of the University of Missouri; acting Governor-General of the Philippines (March 5, 1921 – October 14, 1921)

Diplomats

 John Flournoy Montgomery (1878–1954) – United States Ambassador to Hungary (1933–1941)

Politicians

 John Homer Bothwell (1849–1929) – lawyer; politician; member of the 35th and 38th General Assemblies of the Missouri legislature (1889 and 1895)
 John Morgan Evans (1863–1946) – U.S. Congressman (1913–1921; 1923–1933)
 Thomas Jefferson Halsey (1863–1951) – teacher; businessman; U.S. Congressman (1929–1931)
 Judith K. Moriarty (born 1942) – politician; Missouri Secretary of State (1993–1994)
 John William Palmer (1866–1958) – physician; lawyer; U.S. Congressman (1929–1931)
 John Berchmans Sullivan (1897–1951) – lawyer; politician; U.S. Congressman (1941–1943; 1945–1947; 1949–1951)
 George Graham Vest (1830–1904) – orator; lawyer; politician; at his death, the last living Confederate States Senator; known for his "Eulogy on the Dog"
 Xenophon Pierce Wilfley (1871–1931) – teacher; lawyer; U.S. Senator (1918); president, Missouri Bar Association (1925)

Judiciary

 Walter Henry Bohling (1888–1968) – Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Missouri (1934–1963)
 Henry Lamm (1846–1926) – lawyer; jurist; poet; Associate and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Missouri (1905–1916)
 Hazel Palmer – first female assistant prosecuting attorney in Sedalia, the first female county collector, and the first female magistrate judge of Pettis County; unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1958; president, National Federation of Business and Professional Women (1956–1958)
 John Finis Philips (1834–1919) – lawyer; politician; colonel 7th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry; president, Missouri Press Association (1891); US Congressman; federal judge
 Donald J. Stohr (1934–2015) – United States District Court judge; was born in Sedalia.

Mayors of Sedalia
On February 15, 1864, the Missouri General Assembly passed a bill granting Sedalia a city charter. The charter appointed the first city officers who served until elections were held in April 1864. The term of office for Mayor was one-year from 1864 to 1886; was two-years from 1886 to 1938; and four-years from 1938 until present. City municipal elections are held in April.

The following have been mayors of Sedalia:

 1864-1864 – George Rappeen Smith (R) (1804–1879) appointed
 1864-1865 - James G. Tesch (R) (1831-1896)
 1865-1865 - E. W. Washburn (R) (1814-1899) resigned
 1865-1866 - F. L. Parker (R) (1834-1881)
 1866-1867 - John Finis Philips (R) (1834–1919)
 1867-1868 - Henry Suess (1837–1906)
 1868-1869 - Bacon Montgomery (1840–1886)
 1869-1870 - Albert Parker (1827-1895)
 1870-1871 - William P. Jackson (1830-1891)
 1871-1872 - Thomas J. Montgomery (D) (1812-1877)
 1872-1873 - George W. Cummings (D) (1838-1922)
 1873-1874 - R. T. Miller (D) (1831-1914)
 1874-1875 - William H. H. Hill (D) (1840-1880)
 1875-1876 - Norman Maltby](D) (1841–1876)
 1876-1877 - David Blocher (D) (1838-1906)
 1877-1878 - Logan Clark (D) (1820-1882)
 1878–1880 – George L. Faulhaber (R) (1838–1926)
 1880-1881 - E. C. Evans (D) (1828-1902)
 1881-1882 - Frank Craycroft (D) (1841-1911)
 1882–1884 – Charles E. Messerly (R) (1851-1938)
 1884–1886 – John B. Rickman (D) (1840-1915)
 1886–1888 – E. W. Stevens (D) (1846-1905)
 1888–1890 – John D. Crawford(R) (1838-1908)
 1890–1894 – E. W. Stevens (D) (1846-1905)
 1894–1898 – Pleasant Dawson Hastain (R) (1853-1912)
 1898–1900 – W. C. Overstreet (D) (1857-1916)
 1900–1901 – Samuel K. Crawford (R) (1838-1901) died in office
 1901–1906 – J. L. Babcock (R) (1861–1930)
 1906–1908 – John A. Collins (I)(1834-1924)
 1908–1910 – J. L. Babcock (R) (1861-1930)
 1910–1912 – J. W. Mellor (D) (1860-1930)
 1912–1914 – F. L. Ludemann (D) (1864-1941)
 1914–1918 – J. L. Babcock (R) (1861-1930)
 1918–1920 – A. L. Baumgartner (R) (1860-1933)
 1920–1924 – Frank F. Hatton (D) (1866-1925)
 1924–1928 – J. L. Babcock (R) (1861-1930)
 1928–1930 – O. B. Poundstone (D) (1885-1971)
 1930–1932 – Sidney B. Kennon (D) (1869-1938)
 1932–1934 – Wilmer Steeples (R)(1891–1946)
 1934–1935 – O. B. Poundstone (D) (1885-1971) resigned
 1935–1942 – Julian H. Bagby (D) (1899–1990)
 1942–1946 – Alonzo H. Wilks (R) (1876-1966)
 1946–1950 – Julian H. Bagby (D) (1899–1990)
 1950–1953 – Herbert E. Studer (R) (1918-1958) resigned
 1954–1958 – Julian H. Bagby (D) 1899–1990)
 1958–1962 – Abe Silverman (I) (1917-1999)
 1962-1966 - L. L. Studer (R) (1888-1967)
 1966-1970 - Ralph H. Walker (R) (1932-2009)
 1970–1976 – Jerry N. Jones (R) (1937-2011) resigned
 1976–1982 – Allen L. Hawkins (R)
 1982–1988 – Larry G. Foster (R) resigned
 1989–1991 – Steven J. Dust (NP) resigned
 1991–2002 – Jane Gray (NP)
 2002–2009 – Bob Wasson (NP) (1933–2009) died in office
 2009–2014 – Elaine Horn (NP)
 2014-2018 - Stephen Galliher (NP)
 2018–Present - John Kehde (NP)

Sport

Baseball

 Allen Conkwright (1896–1991) – fourth cousin of Oakland Raiders' coach Red Conkright; pitcher with the Detroit Tigers in the 1920 season
 Bill Drake (1895–1977) – pitcher in various Negro league baseball teams (1914–1927)
 Al Orth (1872–1948) – pitcher who won 200 games while playing for the Philadelphia Phillies, Washington Senators and New York Highlanders (1895-1909)
 John Tillman "Bud" Thomas (born 1929) – baseballer; infielder for the St. Louis Browns for the 1951 season
 Clarence LeRoy "Roy" Vaughn (born 1911) – baseballer; pitcher for the Philadelphia Athletics for the 1934 season

Basketball

 Kim Anderson (born 1955) – basketball player and coach

Football

 Douglas Claydon Van Horn (born 1944) – football offensive lineman in the National Football League (1966–1979)

Wrestling

 Douglas A. "Ox" Baker (born 1934) – professional wrestler

Miscellaneous

Physical Culture

 Bernard Adolphus McFadden (later Macfadden) (1868–1955) – promoter of physical culture; advocate of fasting

Business

 E. Virgil Neal (1868–1949) – manufacturer, entrepreneur<ref>* Conroy, M.S. (2006), The Soviet Pharmaceutical Business During the First Two Decades (1917-1937), New York, NY: Peter Lang. ; Conroy, M.S. (2014), The Cosmetics Baron You’ve Never Heard Of: E. Virgil Neal and Tokalon (Third Edition), Englewood, CO: Altus History LLC. ; Yeates, Lindsay B. (2016), "Émile Coué and his Method (I): The Chemist of Thought and Human Action", Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis, Volume 38, No.1, (Autumn 2016), pp. 3–27; "E. Virgil Neal Passes Away at Geneva on June 30", The Sedalia Democrat, (July 3, 1949), p.7.</ref>

See also

 List of people from Missouri

 References

 Further reading
 Christensen, L.O.(ed), Dictionary of Missouri Biography, University of Missouri Press, (Columbia), 1999.
 Ihrig, B.B. et al. (eds), The First One Hundred Years, A History of the City of Sedalia, Missouri, 1860–1960, Centennial History Committee, Sedalia, 1960.
 Imhauser, R.C., Images of America: Sedalia, Arcadia Publishing, (Charleston), 2007.
 Scotten, F.C., History of the Schools of Pettis County, Missouri, 1974; Prepared under the Direction of C. F. Scotten'', C.F. Scotton, (Sedalia) 1974.
 Bird, Kenneth L. "Rail to The Osage" The story of the Sedalia Warsaw & Southern Railroad, Menwith Publications,(Lincoln, Mo), 2009.

External links

 Sedalia Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Sedalia Chamber of Commerce
 The Political Graveyard: A Database of Historic Cemeteries
 Sedalia Democrat, a daily newspaper

Sedalia, Missouri
Sedalia


Locking pliers (also called Vise-Grips, a  vice grip, Mole wrench or mole grips) are pliers that can be locked into position, using an "over-center" cam action. Locking pliers are available with many different jaw styles, such as needle-nose pliers, wrenches, clamps and various shapes to fix metal parts for welding. They also come in many sizes.

History

The first locking pliers, with the trade name Vise-Grip, were invented by William S. Petersen in De Witt, Nebraska, United States in 1924.

Later, in 1955, in the United Kingdom, M K Mole and Son, a hand tool manufacturing company, under the managing direction of Thomas Coughtrie, began making nearly identical pliers.

Etymology
In the United States, the brand name "Vise Grips" is close to a generic name for this type of pliers. The same is true in the United Kingdom of the brand name "Mole Wrench".

The spelling "vise" is mentioned in Samuel Johnson's 1755 dictionary. This spelling is orthodox in the United States.

The spelling "vice" can be traced back to 1584, for the clamping sense of the word. This is the current spelling in the English speaking world except for the United States.

Mechanism
Locking pliers remain clamped to an object without requiring continuous pressure on the handles based on the "over-center" principle. After being properly adjusted using a threaded screw, the pliers are brought to bear by cam action. In the process of being closed on an object the mechanism passes through a point of maximum tightest clamping and as the handle levers are closed further, the jaws release slightly. This means that to open the jaws have to be tightened, thus maintaining the clamping pressure. The inherent flexibility of the pliers maintains a spring pressure on the jaws such that the handle needs to be pulled open to release the clamping pressure. In many modern versions an additional inner lever aids release.

Operation

The bolt is used to set the jaws to a size slightly smaller than what is to be gripped.
The jaws are then closed on the gripped object.

Because of the lever action the jaws move only slightly but with much force.
Locking pliers have four advantages:
 Their lever action is stronger than that of ordinary pliers, so they can apply much more force;
 Even though they can apply more force, they do so in a very controlled manner; this is because the jaws will never close beyond the set point;
 The closing point and with it the force that is applied on the gripped object can be finely controlled;
 When they are closed they remain closed on their own until manually released, in many modern versions using a supplementary lever on the lower handle.

A typical use would be to hold metal parts in place for welding. Other uses include holding a nut or bolt that has been 'rounded', helping pull out nails, holding pipes without squeezing them, and acting as temporary substitute levers or knobs on equipment and machinery.

References

External links

 History of the Vise-Grip
 "New Tool Is Both Pliers and Wrench" Popular Science, December 1935, page 42
 "Wrench with Vise Like Grip Keeps Work from Slipping", Popular Mechanics, September 1935, page 326
 Last Day Cover Newport Mon The Home Of The Mole Wrench at newportpast.com

Pliers
Products introduced in 1924
American inventions


This article is a list of seasons completed by the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association.  The Timberwolves joined the NBA as an expansion team for the 1989–90 NBA season, along with the Orlando Magic.

Table key

Seasons

Notes
 Due to a lockout, the 1998–99 season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened regular season schedule of 50 games.
 Due to a lockout, the 2011–12 season did not start until December 25, 2011, and all 30 teams played a shortened regular season schedule of 66 games.
 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2019–20 season was suspended on March 11, 2020, and the regular season was shortened to 64 games for the Timberwolves.
 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020–21 season did not start until December 22, 2020, and all 30 teams played a shortened regular season schedule of 72 games.

References

External links
Minnesota Timberwolves at Basketball Reference
Minnesota Timberwolves at Land of Basketball

seasons
Events in Minneapolis


This is a list of seasons completed by the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Bucks joined the NBA as an expansion team in the  season. Milwaukee's 1971 NBA title in their 3rd year of existence marks the Bucks as the fastest team ever to go from being an entirely new franchise to being an NBA champion. With their 2021 title, the Bucks are now the only NBA franchise to win championships while having been in both the Western (1971) and Eastern (2021) conferences.

Seasons

References

Seasons


Puerto Quito is a town and urban parish in the province of Pichincha, Ecuador. The town is a developing area for ecotourism, thanks to an abundance of wildlife, secondary jungle and beautiful waterfalls such as the Cascada Azul (Blue Waterfall). Puerto Quito is situated beside a major bridge over the river Caoní on the main road from Quito to the coast. By road, Quito is 140 km or 3.5 hours by bus.

Geography and climate
Although geographically part of the Sierra region of Ecuador, Puerto Quito's climate and geography is closer to that of the coastal region. The town is located in the tropical forest of Ecuador. As such, it has a higher temperature than the rest of the province, averaging around 25 degree Celsius year-round. Average rainfall is between one and two meters a year.

External links
Official website
Tourist Information - (English and Spanish)
Information about Puerto Quito - Government of Pichincha Province (Spanish)

Populated places in Pichincha Province


Modoc High School may refer to:

 Modoc High School (Alturas, California)
 Union High School (Modoc), Indiana


The Humphry Marshall House, also historically known as Marshall's Garden, Marshall's Arboretum, and the Botany Farm, is a historic property in Marshallton, an unincorporated village in West Bradford Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.  Built in 1773–74, the house is a good example of an 18th-century Pennsylvania country house, which is most notable as the home of early American botanist Humphry Marshall (1722–1801).  The property was also where Marshall established one of the first botanical gardens in what is now the United States.  The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in July 1958. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 27, 1971, and was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 23, 1987.  The property is now privately owned; the gardens have declined since Marshall's time, but its basic layout has survived.

Description and history
The Humphry Marshall House stands on about  on the west side of Marshalltown, on the north side of Strasburg Road at its junction with Clayton Road.  The house is set well back from the road, from which it is screened by mature plantings of the garden space.  The house is  stories in height, and is built out of locally quarried limestone that has an ashlar finish.  It is nominally five bays wide, but the bays on the ground floor are irregularly spaced, and not all of the bays on the second floor have windows.  A single-story shed-roof porch extends across the front facade.  There are two entrances, one a standard entry, the other a shorter doorway providing access to what was probably once a conservatory.

Humphry Marshall was born nearby, and was well educated in a Quaker family.  He at first established a garden at the family homestead, encouraged in his botanical interests by his cousin John Bartram, who is generally credited as being the first British colonial botanist in the Thirteen Colonies.  Marshall's first book was A Few Observations Concerning Christ, Or the Eternal Word in 1755. Marshall is best known for his 1788 publication Arbustrum Americanum, which was the first formal scientific description of trees and shrubs of North America.  Also skilled as a mason, Marshall may have built this house himself, to specifications that furthered his management and collection of botanical specimens.  One notable interior feature is a wooden cabinet built into a space in the masonry walls that appears to be intended as a specimen cabinet.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Chester County, Pennsylvania
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania

References

External links

Houses completed in 1773
Georgian architecture in Pennsylvania
Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Houses in Chester County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania


The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The Rockets play in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was established in 1967, and played in San Diego, California for four years, before moving to Houston, Texas.

In the Rockets' debut season, their win–loss record was 15–67. After drafting Elvin Hayes first overall in the 1968 NBA draft, they made their first appearance in the playoffs in 1969. After Hayes was traded, Moses Malone replaced him. Malone won two Most Valuable Player awards during his time in Houston, and led the Rockets to the  Eastern Conference finals in his first year with the Rockets. He also led the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981, but they were defeated in six games by the Boston Celtics. Two years after advancing to the finals, the Rockets won a franchise-low 14 games.

In 1984, the Rockets drafted future Hall-of-Famer Hakeem Olajuwon, who led them to the 1986 Finals in his second year, in which they lost again to Boston. In the next seven seasons, they lost in the first round of the playoffs five times. They did not win their first championship until , when Olajuwon led them to a franchise-best 58 wins, and the championship. The Rockets repeated the feat in , but have not advanced to the finals since. They missed the playoffs from  to , and did not reach the playoffs until after they drafted Yao Ming in 2003. They did not advance past the first round of the playoffs for 13 years, until the 2008–09 NBA season. After the arrival of James Harden in 2012 and Dwight Howard the following year, the Rockets had their best seasons since the Olajuwon days, culminating in the Southwest Division title and a return to the Western Conference finals in . The 2017–18 Rockets made franchise history by becoming the first Houston team ever to win 60 or more games in a regular season, finishing at 65–17.

The Rockets have played 54 seasons, and advanced to the playoffs in 34 of those seasons. They also have regular season records of .500 or better in 38 of their 54 seasons, placing them well into the upper third of NBA franchises in overall win–loss records. They have won eight division titles, and have been conference champions four times. Their overall record is 2,444 wins and 2,328 losses.

Table key

Seasons
Note: Statistics are correct as of the .

All-time records
Complete through the 2022–23 regular season

Notes

References
General

Specific

Houston Rockets seasons
seasons


Huntsville High School is an American public high school in Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama in the Huntsville metropolitan area. It is part of the Huntsville City Schools district with approximately 1,850 students currently enrolled in grades 9–12.

The school is located at the intersection of Bob Wallace Avenue (formerly 13th Street West) and Billie Watkins Street.

In 2014, the school constructed its Freshman Academy on-site, intended to facilitate students' transition from middle school to high school and in which the majority of its freshman classes take place. The school offers 15 Advanced Placement courses alongside preparatory courses for industry certification.

The school's current principal as of the 2023 school year is Kari Flippo and its current assistant principals are Mark Fleetwood and Lauren Woltjen.

Athletics
Huntsville High School competes at the 7A classification of the AHSAA and uses the Panther nickname for all team sports. Huntsville High sponsors varsity-level athletics in the following sports:

Huntsville High currently supplies one team to the Huntsville Amateur Hockey Association's high school league.  The Huntsville Panthers have won AHSAA state championship events in baseball, boys' cross country, girls' cross country, girls' volleyball, girls' soccer, girls' indoor track and field, girls' outdoor track and field, boys' swimming and diving, girls' swimming and diving, boys' tennis, and girls' tennis, in addition to gymnastics state championships in the 1980s (discontinued by the AHSAA in 1998), as well as several cheerleading state championships in the late 1990s before the AHSAA sponsored the sport.

As of November 1, 2012, the Huntsville High Lady Panther volleyball team had won the AHSAA state title 10 times out of 11 years, losing only one year in the semifinals to Pelham High School. The Huntsville High girls' cross country team placed second in the state meet in 2014 and won the 7A state championship in 2016.

Notable alumni
Graham Ashcraft, professional baseball pitcher
Jerry Balisok, professional wrestler and FBI fugitive
Jed Bradley, baseball player
Robert "Bud" Cramer, member of the United States House of Representatives
Jan Davis, NASA astronaut
Milton B. Halsey, U.S. Army major general
Brewer Hicklen, baseball player in the Kansas City Royals organization
Margaret Hoelzer, Olympic swimmer
Bobby Luna, NFL football player
Dee Margo, mayor of El Paso, Texas
Paul McDonald, American Idol finalist in Season 10 and member of The Grand Magnolias
Nicholas Morrow, NFL football player
Benny Nelson, AFL football player for the Houston Oilers
David F. O'Neill, naval aviator and major general, U.S. Marine Corps
Loretta Spencer, 66th mayor of Huntsville

See also
List of high schools in Alabama

References

External links
Huntsville High School Web Page

High schools in Huntsville, Alabama
School buildings completed in 2004
Schools in Madison County, Alabama
Public high schools in Alabama
2004 establishments in Alabama


Manaia is a locality on the western side of the Coromandel Peninsula of New Zealand. It lies to the east of State Highway 25, south of Coromandel and north of Tapu. The Manaia River flows from the Coromandel Range through the area and into the Manaia Harbour to the west. The harbour contains mussel farms.

The Manaia Forest Sanctuary, inland from Manaia, contains the sixth largest kauri tree in New Zealand. The Sanctuary contains about 410 kauri trees in an area of 101 hectares.

The local iwi are Ngāti Whanaunga and Ngāti Pūkenga.

Education
Manaia School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a decile rating of 2 and a roll of 42. A Manaia School is first mentioned in a Department of Education report for 1878.

References

External links
 Manaia School website

Thames-Coromandel District
Populated places in Waikato
Populated places around the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana


Exercise Purple Storm was a series of United States Southern Command, or the US Army South, exercises in Panama in 1989 that aimed to both assert United States treaty rights and to conduct tactical rehearsals for Operation Just Cause. These exercises were carried out, according to the US military, to protect the integrity of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties of 1977. Purple Storm was part of the Prayer Book series of plans created as relations between Panama and the US deteriorated.

See also
Operation Sand Flea

References

Citations

Bibliography

Military exercises involving the United States
Panama–United States relations
1989 in Panama


Orbert C. Davis (born 1960) is an American jazz trumpeter and bandleader.

Biography
Davis was born in Chicago and raised in Momence, Illinois. He began playing trumpet around the age of ten, but was not formally instructed until Charles Danish, an elementary school teacher, found him a trumpet teacher and drove him to lessons. He graduated with a degree in trumpet performance from DePaul University, then received a master's degree in jazz pedagogy from Northwestern University. Davis is Associate Professor of music at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Davis has recorded studio albums and over 3000 radio and television commercials. He is active in music education and co-founded and directs MusicAlive! (associated with the Chicago Jazz Philharmonic, which he also founded and directs). He is the host of the jazz radio show The Real Deal with Orbert Davis on WDCB.

He performs regularly with his group, Orbert Davis with Strings Attached, and is a member of the Chicago Jazz Ensemble. Davis is the co-founder and Artistic Director of the Chicago Jazz Philharmonic. Founded in 2004, it is the only professional orchestra in the nation solely dedicated to performing Third Stream music.

He was featured soloist at the 1996 Chicago Jazz Festival, performing Miles Davis and Gil Evans' "Sketches of Spain". With Lester Bowie and Jon Faddis in October 1999, Davis was a featured performer for the Jazz Institute of Chicago's "Tribute to Louis Armstrong: Legacy for the Millennium" where he performed compositions from Armstrong's Hot 5 and Hot 7 recordings. This performance was repeated in August 2001 at the Chicago Jazz Festival. He has performed with Dr. John, Kurt Elling, Ramsey Lewis, Thelonious Monk, Wynton Marsalis, Grover Washington Jr., Ernie Watts, Stevie Wonder, and the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra.

Davis and Mark Ingram own Orbark Productions. Their credits include projects for Atlantic, Capitol, CBS, Epic, MCA, and the Warner Bros. record labels. Other projects include arrangements and on-camera performances for films such as A League of Their Own and The Babe.

Discography
 Unfinished Memories (1996)
 Priority (2001)
 Blue Notes (2004)
 Collective Creativity (2008)
 DuSable to Obama (2010)
 Home & Away (2012)
 Sketches of Spain (2012)
 Havana Blue (2016)
 Paradise Blue (2017)
The Chicago River (2019)

References

External links
 Official website

1960 births
Living people
Jazz musicians from Illinois
People from Momence, Illinois
21st-century trumpeters
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Bienen School of Music alumni
DePaul University alumni
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche (1742–1816) was a Chilean soldier, author and historian of Basque descent, born in Valdivia. Author of the Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile, covering the history and geography of the Captaincy General of Chile from the beginning of the Spanish conquest to 1789. The book remained unpublished for eighty years, until it was published between 1875 and 1876 by
José Toribio Medina.  The text is divided in two sections.  In the first Carvallo narrates events beginning with the Conquest of Chile up to the year 1789. The second section consists of a description of all the provinces of the country and the customs of the Mapuche. It was published in three parts, the last in 1876.

See also
 History of Chile

Sources

 Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche,  Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile),  PDF E Libros from Memoria Chilena (History of Chile 1542-1788)
  Tomo I History 1542 - 1626, Tomo 8 de Colección de historiadores de Chile y de documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Santiago : Impr. del Ferrocarril, 1861.
  Tomo II History 1626 - 1787, Tomo 9 de Colección de historiadores de Chile y de documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Santiago : Impr. del Ferrocarril, 1861.
  Tomo III  Geographical Description of Chile, al Tomo 10 de Colección de historiadores de Chile y de documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Santiago : Impr. del Ferrocarril, 1861

18th-century Chilean historians
19th-century Chilean historians
Chilean geographers
Chilean people of Basque descent
1742 births
1816 deaths
People from Valdivia


Elizabeth M was a towboat that sank in the Ohio River on January 9, 2005. The sinking of the vessel resulted in the death of four of the seven crew when the Elizabeth M accidentally went over the Montgomery Locks and Dam near the Pittsburgh suburb of Industry, Pennsylvania. It was originally named the B.F. Fairless, in honor of Benjamin Franklin Fairless, when it was launched by the Dravo Corporation in 1951.

Tragedy
The Braddock bound Elizabeth M was pushing four barges through the lock when the strong current of the river pushed the tug and its load over the dam.  High water was partly blamed for the incident.  Two of the six crew managed to escape the sinking ship, but four perished, and the last was found weeks later inside the sunken vessel when the ship was raised from the bottom of the river.  The sinking of the Elizabeth M is one of the most recent maritime disasters on the Ohio.

References

Towboats
Shipwrecks of the Ohio River
2005 in Pennsylvania
Maritime incidents in 2005


Capital is a monthly French economics and business magazine published in Paris, France.

History and profile
Capital was established in 1991. The first issue appeared in October 1991. Axel Ganz, head of the international operations section of Gruner + Jahr, was the founder of the magazine, which is published monthly by the Prisma Press group. The editor-in-chief is Jean-Joël Gurviez. Its target audience is the senior executives and decision-makers in the fields of industry, finance and politics.

In 2015 Capital was redesigned and its logo was changed.

Circulation
In 1991 Capital's circulation was 220,000 copies. Its circulation was 339,771 copies in 1994. In 2001 the magazine had a circulation of 384,000 copies. During the period of 2003-2004 the magazine sold 361,450 copies. The magazine's paid circulation in 2007 was 384,795 copies. It was 338,062 copies in the period of 2009-2010. In 2014 the magazine sold 233,249 copies.

References

External links
 Capital official site

1991 establishments in France
Business magazines published in France
French-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in France
Magazines established in 1991
Magazines published in Paris
Prisma Media


Linda Ridgway (born 1947) is an American artist in Dallas, TX known for sculpting and printmaking works. Her focus is on themes of femininity, tradition, and heritage. Ridgway is known for her bronze wall reliefs.

Early life and education
Ridgway was born in Jeffersonville, Indiana. She received a B.F.A. from the Louisville School of Art and an M.F.A. from Tulane University.

Style and work
Ridgway's art piece how did you dare was inspired by Alice in wonderland which she takes whole series of prints from which she had done at flatbed press with Katherine Broomberry.Her art as she described it was sculpted paper and she added the quote "how do you dare" from Shakespeare. With multiple printings and stains of young girls dresses she made art and said the "sometimes the best start is the accident".

Career
Ridgway has participated in various solo and group exhibitions including Linda Ridgway: A Survey, Poetics of Form at the Glassell School of Art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas and the Dallas Museum of Art, Texas in 1997 and 1998; and One Hundred Years: The Permanent Collection of the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth at the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth.

Ridgway was trained as a printmaker, but is best known for her delicate sculptures based on plants and clothing. Her vine-like bronze sculpture The Dance demonstrates this synthesis of bronze and plants. Her work is held in the public collections of the Dallas Museum of Art, the El Paso Museum of Art, the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, The Phillips Collection (Washington DC).

On June 26, 2010, Ridgway participated in the Nasher Sculpture Center's 360 Speakers Series in which various sculptors appear to have conversations and lectures on the ever-changing definition of sculpture. The lecture itself was recorded and posted to the Nasher Sculpture Center's Youtube page.

Personal life
Ridgway lives and works in Dallas, Texas. She is heavily influenced by her personal life and identity as a mother, daughter, and friend.

Further reading
 Bouchard, Kevin. “Linda Ridgway: Consider.” Artlies, Winter 2003-04: 76.
 Dumbadze, Alexander. “Linda Ridgway: Poetry of Line, Women and Their Work.” Art Papers, September/October, 1998, p. 55-56.
 Emenhiser, Karen. “Linda Ridgway.” Detour, June 1991, p. 71.
 Graze, Sue, Linda Ridgway: A Survey, The Poetics of Form, Dallas, Dallas Museum of Art, 1997.
 Moody, Tom. “Linda Ridgway.” Artforum, October 1991, p. 133-134.
 Huerta, Benito. “Linda Ridgway „Visual Essays‟: Gerald Peters Gallery.” Artlies, Fall, 1996, p.44.
 Lightman, Victoria Hodge. “Houston: Linda Ridgway.” Sculpture, March, 1998, p. 68.
 Mitchell, Charles Dee. “Linda Ridgway at Gerald Peters.” Art in America, September, 1994.
 Mitchell, Charles Dee. “Ridgway: Always keeping good form.” The Dallas Morning News, Sunday, January 18, 1998.
 Robertson, Tracee W. “The Studio is the Heart of this House: Linda Ridgway,” Artl!es, Fall 2004. P. 34-35.
Weinstein, Joel. “Linda Ridgway: The Dallas Museum of Art.” Artlies, Spring, 1998, p. 54.

References

American women sculptors
Modern sculptors
Living people
1947 births
21st-century American women artists
People from Jeffersonville, Indiana
Tulane University alumni


Mirko Savone is an Italian voice-over actor born in Frosinone, Italy in 1985.

Best known in Italy for giving his voice to Christian Bale, Elijah Wood, and many TV series and cartoons for The Disney Channel, Nickelodeon and other National Channels. He has directed movies and TV series for The Disney Channel, RAI and Mediaset. From year 1996 to year 2000 he was the official voice of "The Disney Channel". He started acting in theater at age 6 and worked in almost every sector of show business. At age 18 he became part of the cast of the famous TV show “Macao” in Italy (RAI 2). One of his most famous works is “Germania 99” written and directed by Gigliola Scola (wife of Oscar Winner Ettore Scola).

He graduated in music from The Conservatory “Licino Refice” (FR, Italy) in piano and voice when he was 17 years old.

In late 2000, he moved to New York City where he studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. He worked in the Off-Broadway play “Crossing Rockaway Parkway” in New York City with Jonathan Chase and Brooklyn Sudano (daughter of Donna Summer).

He speaks four languages (Italian, English, Spanish, and Turkish) and is a graduate Columbia University in the City of New York. He currently works at Pfizer as an Epidemiologist.

References

External links
The Italian Voice-Overs Database - Mirko Savone

20th-century Italian male actors
21st-century American male actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Charlotte Hornets are a professional basketball club based in Charlotte, North Carolina. They are members of the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing in the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference. The original Charlotte Hornets franchise played in Charlotte from 1988 to 2002, before relocating to New Orleans, Louisiana and becoming the New Orleans Hornets. A new franchise, the Charlotte Bobcats, began play in the 2004–05 season. In 2014, the Bobcats adopted the Hornets name and acquired the history and records of the original Charlotte Hornets.

Seasons

All-time records
Statistics are correct as of the conclusion of the 2022–23 NBA season.

Notes

References

External links
Basketball-Reference – Charlotte Hornets

seasons


This is a list of seasons completed by the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was founded in 1995 as the Vancouver Grizzlies as one of two franchises that joined the NBA for the 1995–96 season. The Grizzlies moved to Memphis after the 2000–01 season.

Table key

Seasons
Note: Statistics are correct as of the .

All-time records

Notes

References

seasons
Events in Memphis, Tennessee


Burin may refer to:

Tools
 Burin (engraving), a tool with a narrow sharp face at the tip used for engraving and other purposes
 Burin (lithic flake), a type of Stone Age tool with a chisel-like edge

Places
 Burin, Nablus, a village on the West Bank, Palestine
 Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador, a town in Canada
 Burin Peninsula, a Canadian peninsula

See also
 Tonde Burin, a 1994-1995 manga and anime series
 Felipe Burin (born 1992), Brazilian footballer
 Buren (disambiguation)


The notion that the Apollo Moon landings were hoaxes perpetrated by NASA and other agencies has appeared many times in popular culture. Not all references to Moon landing conspiracy theories are in support of them, but the ideas expressed in them have become a popular meme to reference, both in humor and sincerity.

Precursors in other media
In 1956 James E. Gunn wrote a science fiction story entitled "Cave of Night" in which the United States Air Force fakes the first crewed American spaceflight. When lack of funds precludes a survivable crewed mission, the mission is faked to spur funding for a real space program. The Air Force launches the craft carrying a transmitter relaying prerecorded messages from the pilot. The Air Force later claims that the astronaut died in orbit, and that his body will remain in orbit until the craft disintegrates in the atmosphere. The conspiracy is nearly exposed by a radio reporter who sees the astronaut on Earth after his supposed "death," but he is forced to destroy his evidence by the government. "Cave of Night" was adapted for radio and broadcast as an episode of the popular program X Minus One on February 1, 1956, a full five years before Yuri Gagarin's first crewed spaceflight.

In print
 Former President Bill Clinton in his 2004 autobiography, My Life, states: "Just a month before, Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had left their colleague, Michael Collins, aboard spaceship Columbia and walked on the moon...The old carpenter asked me if I really believed it happened. I said sure, I saw it on television. He disagreed; he said that he didn't believe it for a minute, that 'them television fellers' could make things look real that weren't. Back then, I thought he was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on TV that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of his time."
 Norman Mailer in 1969 wrote: "Besides - the event [Apollo 11 moonwalk] is obdurate on the surface and a mystery beneath. It’s not at all easy to comprehend. Like an adolescent married before he can vote, and trying to react the congratulations "You’re a married man", a remark which has no reality to the brand-new groom, so America and the world were in a round of congratulations - we had landed a man on the moon. The event was so removed, however, so unreal, that no objective correlative existed to prove it had not been an event staged in a television studio—the greatest con of the century—and indeed a good mind, product of the iniquities, treacheries, gold, passions, invention, deception, and rich worldly stink of the Renaissance could hardly deny that the event if bogus was as great a creation in mass hoodwinking, deception, and legerdemain as the true ascent was in discipline and technology. Indeed, conceive of the genius of such a conspiracy. It would take criminals and confidence men mightier, more trustworthy and more resourceful than anything in this century or the ones before. Merely to conceive of such men was the surest way to know the event was not staged. Yes, the century was a giant and a cretin. Man had become a Herculean embodiment of the Vision, but the brain on the top of the head was as small as a transistorized fist, and the chambers of the heart had shrunk to the dry hard seeds of some hybrid future."

In film
 In the 1971 James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever, a brief scene depicts the action taking place in a Moon setting where astronauts are being trained. Agent 007 steals what appears to be a Moon buggy from the model set, and drives it off to escape from an enemy compound. This scene may have helped to spread the idea of the Moon landings being a hoax. However, model sets like the one in the film had been used prior to the Moon landing in order to simulate conditions.
 The 1978 film Capricorn One portrayed a fictional NASA attempt to fake a landing on the planet Mars, in a plot inspired by Apollo hoax theories.
 In the 2009 film Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder, Fry reads Richard Nixon's mind and learns that the president staged the Moon landing, but it took place on the planet Venus.
 The 2012 documentary Room 237 featured film analysis by fans of Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film The Shining, connecting Kubrick's film with the Apollo 11 Moon landing and other major events. (See 2012 video by Michael Wysmierski below.)
 In the 2014 film Interstellar, the US Government deliberately promotes Moon landing conspiracy theories to discredit NASA and encourage people to seek Earth-based solutions to an ongoing global famine, rather than have people focus on leaving the planet; this is an example of a post-truth society.
 In the 2015 comedy film Moonwalkers, a CIA agent tries to hire Stanley Kubrick for the Apollo 11 Moon landing scene.
 The 2016 film Operation Avalanche is about CIA agents who, when they find NASA is incapable of meeting the 1969 deadline for the Apollo 11 Moon landing, simulate the landing with a film crew.

On television
 In 2002, the Franco-German television network Arte aired the spoof documentary Dark Side of the Moon, 'exposing' how Stanley Kubrick was recruited to fake the Moon landings. It featured interviews with Kubrick's widow and a number of American statesmen. including Henry Kissinger and Donald Rumsfeld. The interviews and other footage were presented out of context and in some cases completely staged, with actors playing interviewees who had never existed—and named, in many cases, after characters from Kubrick's films; this was one of many clues included to reveal the joke to the alert viewer.
 In the Futurama episode "Roswell That Ends Well," President Harry S. Truman orders the creation of NASA after cancelling the faked Moon landing. He admonishes them "to get off their fannies" and get to work.  During "Into The Wild Green Yonder" President Nixon's head admits that the Moon landing was faked - it was really carried out on Venus.
 In the 2007 Codename: Kids Next Door episode "Operation: M.O.O.N.", it is revealed that Kids Next Door agents faked the Moon landing by intercepting Apollo missions and placing the astronauts on a Moon set in order to protect the secret of their moonbase, with the episode being focused around the current generation of Kids Next Door working to do the same thing with an attempted Moon colonization mission.
 The August 27, 2008, MythBusters episode "NASA Moon Landing" tested and debunked some common claims made by Moon landing conspiracy theorists.
 On the SyFy show Fact or Faked: Paranormal Files lead investigator Ben Hansen and his team investigate on whether or not the Moon landing could have been faked. They claimed this proved it could have been faked but they all believe that it happened for real.
 In the Friends episode "The One With Rachel's Other Sister," Joey needs a lie and Phoebe suggest man walking on the Moon, replying, "you can see the strings people!"
 During an episode of QI, the panel discussed the Moon landing, and the various conspiracies surrounding it. All of them agreed that the landing did take place, although Alan Davies admitted he used to believe some of the photographs were faked, until he worked with Sir Patrick Moore who angrily pointed out how much work he had put into mapping out the Moon for NASA. According to Alan, Moore also said that if he met Alan again, he would be sick in his eye. Host Stephen Fry summed up by saying that "for every ill-conceived argument that the Moon landings were a hoax, there's a perfectly logical explanation to put our minds at rest."
 The faking of the Moon landing, along with conspiracy theories concerning the Kennedy assassination and alien coverups, made a prominent appearance in a 2005 episode of Fat Pizza. The events of this episode were revisited and expanded on in two 2019 episodes, the latter of which included a cameo by real life Moon hoax proponent Jarrah White.
 On a 2009 episode of Mock the Week, one of the questions was about the 40th anniversary of the Moon landing. Frankie Boyle then went into a short but furious rant about how it couldn't have happened, citing NASA's technical failures over the years as proof that they were incapable of such a thing. Hugh Dennis jokingly suggested that the "faked moon landing" Boyle was actually thinking of was "the one with Wallace & Gromit."
 In the Arrested Development episode "The B. Team", Ron Howard tells Michael Bluth that he and his brother hid in the rafters and saw that NASA faked the Apollo 11 landing on the set of Gentle Ben, but that NASA actually did land on the moon in 1971 (which would be either Apollo 14 or 15).
 In the Elementary episode "The Red Team," Sherlock Holmes interrogates a suspect who along with the victim, believed Neil Armstrong didn't walk on the Moon.
 The X-Files episode "My Struggle III" features the Cigarette Smoking Man supervising the filming of a faked Apollo 11 landing in 1969.

Other references
 British weekly sci-fi comic 2000 AD published a story claiming the Apollo landings were faked to mask the existence of an advanced space program that had been active since 1950 - a deliberate reversal of the usual hoax argument.
 Former Major League Baseball player Carl Everett has said in interviews with The Boston Globe columnist Dan Shaughnessy that he doubts the validity of the Moon landings. Shaughnessy would go on to nickname Everett "Jurassic Carl" due to Everett's assertion that dinosaurs never existed.
 The Onion spoofed the theory in an article reporting that Neil Armstrong had become convinced that the Moon landing was a hoax. The joke article was mistakenly reported by a Bangladeshi newspaper, The Daily Manab Zamin, as news.
 Comedian and commentator Joe Rogan has been open on his podcasts and interviews that he used to question the Moon landing.
 Actress Whoopi Goldberg seriously asked on The View, "Why is the flag rippling? There’s no air."
 On Real Time with Bill Maher, rapper Mos Def stated that he did not believe that men landed on the Moon.
 In a 2009 interview, Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood questioned the technology of the 1960s, why man hasn't landed on the Moon again, and mentioned the shadow discrepancies as well as the radiation belts.
 The music video for Rammstein's 2004 song "Amerika" shows the band in Apollo-era spacesuits on the Moon. At the end of the video, it is revealed that the band have actually been on a fake Moon set in a studio. A documentary on the making of the video was also produced.
 A 2012 video by Michael Wysmierski, The Shining Code 2.0, puts forth the argument that Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film The Shining was made as a coded confession of his role in faking the Apollo 11 landing. A cited "code" includes the child character Danny Torrance wearing an Apollo 11 sweater; another the repeated typing of "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" by the Jack Torrance character, the "All" referring to Apollo 11.
 The 2013 music video for the song "On Top of the World" by Imagine Dragons portrays Stanley Kubrick filming the Apollo 11 landing.
 In an April 2013 interview by We Are Change, comedian Russell Peters stated that he wasn't "a big believer in the Moon landing."
 The founder and followers of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (better known as the Hare Krishna movement) famously believe that the Moon landings must have been faked for reasons ranging from the Moon being further away from the Earth than the Sun to the notion that the god of vegetation resides on the Moon and would never allow a landing.

See also
 Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings

References

Popular culture
Conspiracy theories in popular culture
Fiction about outer space


Jeff Mitchell (born May 16, 1975) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played seven games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Dallas Stars. As a youth, he played in the 1989 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Detroit Little Caesars minor ice hockey team.

Career statistics

References

External links

1975 births
American men's ice hockey right wingers
Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players
Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players
Dallas Stars players
Dayton Bombers players
Detroit Junior Red Wings players
Ice hockey players from Michigan
Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
People from Wayne, Michigan
Ice hockey people from Wayne County, Michigan
Philadelphia Phantoms players
Saint John Flames players
Toledo Storm players


The Koehler Cultural Center is located on the campus of San Antonio College.  The Center was donated to San Antonio College and houses part of the school’s arts department.  The Center is also known as the Koehler house/mansion and is a focal point for the educational and social life of the college.  It provides a link to the living history of the area, and forms an important part of the architectural heritage of south central Texas.

The Center is located at 310 West Ashby, which at the time was considered the “outskirts” of San Antonio. In the late 19th century, the challenge from Native Americans protecting their stolen land prevented the further colonization of land to the north beyond the San Pedro area.  It wasn’t until after the defeat of the Apache resistance fighter and healer Geronimo that San Antonio settler colonialists started building in this occupied land, where Midtown and Uptown San Antonio now stand.

Otto Koehler originally built the mansion in 1901-1902, utilizing the services of Carol von Seutter as the chief architect of the mansion.  Mr. Koehler came to San Antonio in 1884 and was one of the organizers of the San Antonio Brewing Association, now known as Pearl Brewing Company.  According to legend, Koehler selected the spot due to its unobstructed view of his brewery, and could determine whether or not his employees were hard at work by the color of the smoke coming from the smokestacks.  This Victorian style mansion is a good example of the eclectic architectural style that was popular during the late 19th century and early 20th century.

See also

Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Bexar County

References

External links

Houses in San Antonio
History of San Antonio
Universities and colleges in San Antonio
Tourist attractions in San Antonio
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks


Naked Dave (The Naked Dave Project) refers to a series of paintings created by Laura Molina, inspired by her relationship with illustrator and Rocketeer creator Dave Stevens (1955-2008). A five-month-long relationship between the artists ended in early December 1978 after she miscarried their child at eleven weeks. Molina started the series in 1993 after an attempted reconciliation initiated by Stevens failed to settle things between them.

Stevens protested the use of his likeness, but Molina argued in her website commentary that she was protected from legal ramifications, citing Polydoros v. Twentieth Century Fox Film (67 Cal. App.4th 318, 1997), in which Michael Polydoros contended that David Mickey Evans, the writer-director of the movie The Sandlot had violated his privacy by including a character based on him. The courts ruled in favor of Twentieth Century Fox, stating the film was protected free speech.

Overview
Stevens appears as the objectified subject of six paintings in an internet art presentation called NakedDave.com. It uses male iconography, including Greek gods, cowboys and astronauts to create an idealized depiction of Stevens. In 1998 the paintings were presented on the web with commentary from the artist and her audience. The series, the artist, and website have been the subject of Dora Ramirez's 2005, 33 page essay "The Cyberborderland: Surfing the Web for Xicanidad" in the academic journal Chicana/Latina Studies (journal of Mujeres Activas en Letras y Cambio Social), and were reported by Heidi MacDonald on her weblog, "The Beat - The News Blog of Comics Culture", February 18, 2005. In 2004 film makers Alex Schaffert and David Callaghan made a documentary short film about the project.

A quote from Molina from "NakedDave.com" -

A painting from the series was featured in The New York Times Art & Design section August 25, 2017 For Latino Artists in Sci-Fi Show, Everyone’s an Alien'' by Jori Finkel.

References

External links
Official site

1990s paintings


Highway 55 is an east–west highway in central Israel. Its Western terminus is in   Kfar Saba, and it continues east to Nablus.  Much of the road follows the eastern section of the "Aphek Ascent", an ancient east–west trade route connecting the Via Maris and the Way of the Patriarchs.

The road passes near Qalqilya, Alfei Menashe, Azzun, Karnei Shomron and Kedumim, and ends in Nablus.

After the First Intifada and the blocking of the road by Palestinians in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a number of bypass roads were built, south of Qalqilya and north of Azzun.  Today the road serves the 20,000 Jews along its route and the 100,000 Arabs who live between Qalqilya and Nablus.

External links
Court case regarding Highway 55 (Hebrew, PDF)

See also

List of highways in Israel

55


Gavin Morgan (born July 9, 1976) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He played six games in the National Hockey League for the Dallas Stars during the 2003–04 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1999 to 2010, was mainly spent in the minor American Hockey League. After his playing career Morgan worked as an assistant coach with the University of Alabama-Huntsville for several years.

Playing career
As a youth, Morgan played in the 1990 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Marlboros minor ice hockey team.

Morgan started his career with the junior hockey team Wexford Raiders in 1992. He graduated from the University of Denver, where he played four seasons with the Denver Pioneers, in 1999.

Morgan made his professional début in the 1999–00, when he split his season between the IHL's Utah Grizzlies, Long Beach Ice Dogs and WCHL's Idaho Steelheads, before earning a regular roster spot with Utah in 2000–01.

He went on to play three seasons with Utah before joining the AHL's Hershey Bears in 2003–04. Even though he spent the majority of the season in Hershey, Morgan went on to make his NHL début with the Dallas Stars during the season. He got 21 penalty minutes during his six games in the NHL.

In the summer of 2004 Morgan was acquired by the Montreal Canadiens, but was immediately sent to the AHL and the Hamilton Bulldogs. He played one season for the Bulldogs, before moving to Switzerland and Basel. He went back to the AHL, playing for the Peoria Rivermen and the Rockford IceHogs, in between a short spell at Austrian team Vienna Capitals. In 2008, Morgan joined Norwegian team Vålerenga.

Coaching career
On August 27, 2010, Morgan was named an assistant coach at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey coaches
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Dallas Stars players
Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey players
EHC Basel players
Hershey Bears players
Idaho Steelheads (WCHL) players
Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) players
Peoria Rivermen (AHL) players
Reading Royals players
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
San Antonio Rampage players
Ice hockey people from Scarborough, Toronto
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Utah Grizzlies (IHL) players
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
Vålerenga Ishockey players
Vienna Capitals players


is a railway station in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Tokyo Metro. The surrounding area is the largest shopping district in Sumida Ward, featuring several large department stores, numerous small shops and restaurants.

Lines
Kinshichō Station is served by the JR East Sōbu Line (Rapid) and Chūō-Sōbu Line, as well as the Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line (Station number Z-13).

Station layout

JR East platforms

Tokyo Metro platforms

History
The station first opened on 9 December 1894. The Hanzōmon Line station opened on 19 March 2003.

The station facilities of the Hanzōmon Line were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2013, the JR East station was used by 103,522 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the 36th-busiest station operated by JR East. In fiscal 2013, the Tokyo Metro station was used by an average of 92,658 passengers per day (exiting and entering passengers), making it the 41st-busiest station operated by Tokyo Metro. The daily passenger figures for each operator in previous years are as shown below.

 Note that JR East figures are for boarding passengers only.

Surrounding area
 Kinshi Park
 Sumida Triphony Hall (concert hall)

See also

 List of railway stations in Japan

Notes

References

External links

 JR East station information
 Tokyo Metro station information

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1894
Sōbu Main Line
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Tokyo Metro Hanzomon Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Stations of Tokyo Metro
Railway stations in Tokyo