The surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on 30 June 1709 (O.S.) / 1 July 1709 (Swedish calendar) / 11 July 1709 (N.S.). It signified the annihilation of the once formidable Swedish army after the defeat at Battle of Poltava, and paved the way for the eventual Russian victory in the Great Northern War.  After the Battle of Poltava, Charles XII escaped to Moldavia, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire.

Background

Leaving Pushkaryovka around 7 PM on the 28th, the same day as their defeat, the remnants of the Swedish army head south following the west bank of the river Vorskla to the river Dnieper, reaching Stari Sanzhary 20 km to the south where the baggage wagons stopped until dawn while the artillery, treasure-wagons and troops continue on to Novi Sanzhary.  The artillery reached Novi Sanzhary after midnight, Charles XII at 1:30 AM, and the troops at dawn.  The Tsar Peter the Great sent Prince Golitzin's Semyonovskiy Regiment and Christian Felix Bauer's ten regiments of dragoons in pursuit.

The march resumed by 7 AM on the 29th, heading for Bjeliki, and Major-General Meijerfeldt is sent back to negotiate with the Tsar. The convoy linked up with Lt. Col. Silfverhielm's 500 men at Kobeliaky in the late afternoon.  On 30 June, the convoy reached Tashtayka on the Dnieper where Axel Gyllenkrok had been sent earlier to prepare a crossing.  However, Gyllenkrok wanted Charles to stop at Kishenka, and decide if they should cross the Vorskla at the ford and head into the Crimea, or head further south and attempt a crossing of the Dnieper into Turkey.  Now the Swedes found the Dnieper river broad and swift, with few materials with which to build boats or a bridge.  Ivan Mazepa and his men along with Silfverhielm's men crossed on the few boats available.  Efforts to swim across ended in drowning for men and horse alike.

The Swedish command convinced Charles to save himself by crossing the Dnieper and heading for Ochakov, while the army, led by Lewenhaupt, would cross the Vorskla into the Crimea.  About 3,000 crossed that day and night with the king, mostly officers and members of the royal household.

The surrender
The dawn of the next morning brought news that a Russian corps of infantry, cavalry and artillery was deployed in a crescent shape, ready for battle, on the plateau above the river, about 9,000 men under the command of General Menshikov.  The Cossacks, allied with the Russians, swept down to plunder the Swedish wagons.  The Russian army advanced and blocked the road to Kishenka and a Swedish escape.  The Swedish army now faced the sandhills and the Russian army on the plateau.

Lewenhaupt did not want to fight the Russians, instead sending the Prussian military attache to start truce negotiations.  After conferences and voting among the higher officers, the Swedish army of 12,000 to 20,000 capitulated.  The king departed the southern river bank at 9:45 AM while the announcement of surrender was made at 11 AM.  The Russians executed the Cossacks allied with the Swedes, who were unable to escape across the Dnieper.

Effect on the war
The surrender was a contributing cause to the Russian victory in the Great Northern War. The Swedish continental army had ceased to exist, leaving the remaining defenses of the Swedish Empire hopelessly outnumbered. Strategically, Russia now had taken the offensive, while Sweden would be hard pressed to muster a new army to defend itself. General Lewenhaupt was imprisoned and died in Russian captivity in 1719. King Charles did nothing to have him released, but fled to Bendery in what was then the Ottoman Empire.

Notelist

References

Perevolochna
1709 in Europe
Perevolochna
1709 in Russia
1709 in military history
History of Poltava Oblast


Richard Michell Upjohn, FAIA, (March 7, 1828 – March 3, 1903) was an American architect, co-founder and president of the American Institute of Architects.

Early life and career
Upjohn was born on March 7, 1828, in Shaftesbury, Dorsetshire, England and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. He was the son of the famous architect Richard Upjohn (1802–1878) and Elizabeth (née Parry) Upjohn (1803–1882).

In 1853, at eighteen years old, he joined his father's New York architectural firm to study architecture and later became his father's partner. The earliest building that architectural scholars credit to him alone is Madison Square Presbyterian Church in New York City, built from 1853 to 1854.  He became best known, much like his father, for his High Gothic Revival style of architecture.  He, again like his father, was a founding member and president of the American Institute of Architects.

A number of noteworthy architects trained in his office, including Clarence Fagan True.  A number of buildings that he designed are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).  Four are listed as National Historic Landmarks.

Personal life
On October 1, 1856, Upjohn was married to Emma Degen Tyng (1836–1906).  Together, they were the parents of three daughters and five sons, including Hobart Upjohn, who practiced as a civil engineer and architect.

Upjohn died on March 3, 1903, at his home, 296 Clinton Street, in Brooklyn, New York.  He was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, for which he and his father had done design work many years before.

Works with Richard Upjohn
St. John Chrysostom Church (1851) in Delafield, Wisconsin, on the NRHP
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (1859) in Albany, New York, a National Historic Landmark
Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church (1862–63) in New Rochelle, New York, on the NRHP
All Saint's Memorial Church (1864) in Navesink, New Jersey, a National Historic Landmark
The third Saint Thomas Church (1865–70) in New York City, destroyed by fire in 1905
Green-Wood Cemetery (1860s) in Brooklyn, New York, a National Historic Landmark
Edwin A. Stevens Hall (1871) in Hoboken, New Jersey, on the NRHP
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (1871–75) in Selma, Alabama, on the NRHP

Works as Richard M. Upjohn
Individual projects include:
Madison Square Presbyterian Church (1853–54), at Madison Avenue and 24th Street, New York City, demolished for Stanford White's Madison Square Presbyterian Church (1906)
St. James Episcopal Church (1855) in La Grange, Texas, on the NRHP
St. Luke's Church (1857) in Clermont, New York, on the NRHP
Christ Church Episcopal (1866) in Riverdale, New York, on the NRHP
St. Alban's Episcopal Church (1865) in Staten Island, New York, on the NRHP
Church of the Covenant (1865–67) in Boston, Massachusetts
St. Paul's Church (1866) in Brooklyn, New York, on the NRHP
St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church (1869) in Stamford, Connecticut, on the NRHP
Trinity Church (1871) in Thomaston, Connecticut, on the NRHP
First National Bank (1871) in Salt Lake City, Utah, on the NRHP
Connecticut State Capitol (1871-1878) in Hartford, Connecticut, a National Historic Landmark
Saint Andrew's Episcopal Church (1873) in Rochester, New York, on the NRHP
Fay Club (1883) in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, on the NRHP
Church of St. Joseph of Arimathea (1883) in Greenburgh, New York, on the NRHP
St. Mark's Episcopal Church (1886) in Augusta, Maine, on the NRHP
St. Margaret of Antioch Episcopal Church (1892) in Staatsburg, New York.
St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church (1887) in Brooklyn, New York, on the NRHP
St. Peter's Episcopal Church (1891) in Peekskill, New York, on the NRHP
Church of St. John in the Wilderness (1852) in Copake Falls, New York, on the NRHP

References

External links

Columbia University Libraries: The Upjohn collection of architectural drawings by Richard, Richard Michell, and Hobart Upjohn :Architectural drawings, papers, and records, (circa 1827-1910)

1828 births
1903 deaths
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
19th-century American architects
American ecclesiastical architects
British emigrants to the United States
Architects from New York City
Defunct architecture firms based in New York City
Fellows of the American Institute of Architects

People from Shaftesbury
Architects of Anglican churches
Architects of Presbyterian churches
Founder of American Institute of Architects


Maîche () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Maîche is situated between the rivers Doubs and Dessoubre. It is surrounded by evergreen forests. The highest point in the commune is the Faux Verger.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Official website
 Maîche on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Keith Jules Dancy (June 30, 1929 – May 6, 2001) was a Canadian hockey announcer.

Dancy's broadcasting career began in 1945 when he was hired as an announcer at CFRB in Toronto, Ontario. Later, he became the play-by-play man for the Montreal Canadiens.

He was a color commentator on Hockey Night in Canada from 1952 to 1966, mostly calling games involving the Montreal Canadiens. He was a color commentator for 10 Stanley Cup Finals broadcasts, including CBC's first 8 along with his partner Danny Gallivan at Hockey Night in Canada, and the pair also was in the booth for eight National Hockey League All-Star Games.

After his broadcasting career ended, he became president of Rogers Broadcasting. He later launched his own company in the Niagara Region, owning and operating CFLZ-FM and CJRN in Niagara Falls and CKEY-FM in Fort Erie until his death. He died in hospital at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario in 2001 at the age of 71 from cancer.

References

"Broadcast Dialogue", May 10, 2001
Radio Station History - CFLZ-FM

Canadian radio sportscasters
Canadian television sportscasters
Canadian radio executives
National Hockey League broadcasters
Montreal Canadiens announcers
People from the Regional Municipality of Niagara
1930 births
2001 deaths


Longevelle-lès-Russey (, literally Longevelle near Russey) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  from Pierrefontaine on the edge of a forest with views of the Dessoubre gorge.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Longevelle-les-Russey on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Longevelle-sur-Doubs (, literally Longevelle on Doubs) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Doubs (river)
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Longevelle-sur-Doubs on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


William Boomer (April 13, 1937 – January 9, 2022), also known as Buzz Boomer, was an American college coach, best known for serving as the head coach of the University of Rochester's men's swim team from 1962 to 1990. Beginning in the 1990s, as a noted authority on swimming technique, Boomer gave technique instruction to swimmers on the Stanford University swim team and worked one-on-one with many world-class swimmers, including many on three American Olympic swim teams from 1996 to 2004.

Early life
Boomer was born the son of George and Grace Boomer in Rochester, New York, in January 1937, where he graduated East High School around 1955.  At East, he received All-Greater Rochester honors as a soccer player, but was not on the swim team. The 6', 2", (188 cm) fullback was also the recipient of All-Scholastic soccer team honors while playing for East, receiving the most votes in 1955 from the local Democrat and Chronicle newspaper, and had been recognized with the honor by the newspaper each year from 1953 to 1955.  In 1961, he completed a B.S. from Springfield College in Massachusetts and then received a Masters in Education from the University of Rochester in 1963. He began in the physical education department at Rochester immediately after graduating from Springfield, working there as a graduate student.

As an adolescent, Boomer lost several fingers in a farming accident, and he credited coping with the trauma of that episode as an integral part of shaping many of his life and coaching philosophies.

Swim coaching at Rochester
Boomer had no experience coaching swimming when he started at Rochester. The graduate assistant to the track and field team had in fact never seen a swim meet prior to being offered the job. In order to better understand his swimmers, Boomer studied how the human body reacted to the water in a pool. From there, Boomer developed swimming techniques similar to those used by aquatic animals that would eventually be adapted by some of the best swimmers in the world. Boomer's techniques emphasize keeping the core body aligned properly to minimize water resistance.

Early in Boomer's career as the University of Rochester Varsity Swim coach, he coached the 1966–1967 Men's Varsity Swim Team to an undefeated season, 11–0.  This was the first of many other successful swim seasons. Besides working as a coach, while at Rochester he helped design the Speegle-Wilbraham Aquatics Center in 1982, and served as an Associate Dean and Athletic Director during his tenure.  Boomer was inducted into the University of Rochester Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007.  He and his coaching staff were named the 1998 UAA Coaching Staff of the Year. From his careful study of swimming dynamics, Boomer is credited with originating the top-arm backstroke breakout, a technique for starting backstroke events.

Rochester Track and soccer coach
Boomer also coached the men's soccer team at the University of Rochester from 1965 to 1969, leading the team to a 24–26–3 record.  From 1962 to 1969, Boomer served as an Assistant Track team coach at Rochester as well.

Swimming technique advisor
After 1990, Boomer worked as an assistant coach and technique advisor for swimmers at Stanford University.  Giving back to the swimming community, Boomer also worked as a volunteer technique advisor to swimmers at Princeton, and in 2012 at the University of Tennessee. He continued to coach swimmers in technique in various capacities and in different venues through 2020.

Olympic swim coaching
Boomer was a technique coach for the 2000 U.S. Olympic team in Sydney.  He was also a technical advisor on the U.S. Olympic teams in 1996 and 2004.

Boomer and his second wife, Sally Fischbeck, resided in Clifford, Pennsylvania. He had two adult children from a previous marriage. He died at home in Clifford on January 9, 2022, at the age of 84.

Notable protégés
 Josh Davis, world record-holder and Olympic gold-medalist
 James A. Pawelczyk, NASA astronaut
 Jenny Thompson, world record-holder and Olympic gold-medalist
 Dara Torres, world record-holder and Olympic gold-medalist
 Amy Van Dyken, world record-holder and Olympic gold-medalist

References

External links
 Rochester Swimming and Diving profile
 U. of Rochester Athletic Hall of Fame, Bill Boomer Profile

1937 births
2022 deaths
American swimming coaches
College swimming coaches in the United States
Rochester Yellowjackets coaches
Stanford Cardinal swimming coaches


Poling may refer to:

 Poling (piezoelectricity), applying a strong electric field across piezoelectric materials
 Poling (horse), in equestrianism, hitting a horse on the legs to encourage it to clear a jump
 Poling System, rating system used to select college football national championship teams from 1924 to 1984
 Poling (metallurgy), a method for purification of copper in metallurgy
 Poling, a procedure used to shunt cars on a railway

Places
 Poling, West Sussex, England
 Poling, Indiana, U.S.
 Poling, West Virginia, U.S.
 Poling Preceptory, a priory in West Sussex, England

People named Poling

 Al Poling aka 911 (born 1957), American wrestler
 Chan Poling (Chandler Hall Poling, born 1957), American musician
 Clark V. Poling (1910–1943), Reverend and American war hero
 Daniel A. Poling (1884–1968), American clergyman
 Daniel Poling (born 1954), American politician
 Eleanor Poling, an American radio personality, television host, and actress
 Harold Arthur Poling (1925–2012), U.S. automobile businessman
 Jon Poling (born 1971), American neurologist
 Mary Poling (born 1946), American politician
 Samantha Poling, Scottish investigative journalist

See also
Polling (disambiguation)
Pole (disambiguation)


Mancenans is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Mancenans lies  west of L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs between the hills of Châtel and Replain.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Mancenans on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Nebojša Krstić (; born 9 July 1957) is a Serbian media personality, political commentator, former musician (VIS Idoli) and physician. He is also a former public relations advisor to the office of the President of Serbia, appointed by Boris Tadić. Currently, Krstić is a strong supporter of the President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić and his ruling Serbian Progressive Party.

Biography
Krstić matriculated from the First Belgrade Gymnasium and then obtained a university degree at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Medicine. In 1985 he appeared in the film Šest dana juna. After finishing his studies, he worked in medicine for a decade, finding employment as a physician in several medical institutions including those on the island of Vis and Hyatt Regency hotel in Belgrade. After that, he began working in marketing, becoming director of the Nova, Young & Rubicam marketing agency.

Musical career

VIS Dečaci

In late 1979, Srđan Šaper and Krstić, both college students and non-musicians, decided to take up music and at a party made a deal with Vlada Divljan, Šaper's close high school friend, to form a band. Šaper would play the guitar, Krstić and Divljan drums. The band was called Dečaci (The Boys). At about the same time the band met Dragan Papić who was a photographer and who became the band's creative mediator. He made photos of the band and published it in the youth newspaper magazine "Vidici". The photos had subtitles mainly dealing with gay parody concepts.

In February, 1980 the band started rehearsing at Divljan's building where Zdenko Kolar, Divljan's close friend since primary school also lived. Krstić even played Kolar's bass and used his amp. On one occasion Divljan called Kolar with whom he played since 1968 to come to join the band. Soon the band was joined by Boža Jovanović, Divljan and Kolar's friend who played drums. At the same time, due to lack of progress Krstić and Šaper quit playing and became the non-musician part of the band mainly concentrating on writing. During the whole Dečaci euphoria, the public's eye was focused also on graffiti which could be seen on Belgrade's walls. Krstić was the author of the first Belgrade graffiti "Margita je dečak" ("Margita is a boy") dedicated to his friend Margita Stefanović who later was the keyboard player of Ekatarina Velika.

Idoli

On 1 March 1980 the band was renamed to VIS Idoli and held a rehearsal. The first song the band made at that rehearsal was  "Retko te viđam sa devojkama" ("I seldom see you with girls"), a gay themed song.
One month later, Papić made a deal with "Vidici" magazine to finance a recording of the first Idoli single at the "Druga Maca" studio owned by Enco Lesić who produced the single. "Vidici" published "Pomoć, pomoć" and "Retko te viđam sa devojkama" on the A-side of the single while the B-side featured Slobodan Škerović's narrative poem "Poklon". Krstić provided backing vocals and percussion. The band released another single, "Maljčiki", this time for Jugoton, a major record label, with the producer Goran Bregović. At Festival Omladina they appeared with the track "Zašto su danas devojke ljute?" ("Why Are The Girls Angry").

Idoli, with Električni Orgazam and Šarlo Akrobata participated in the project called Paket aranžman with four tracks, "Schwule Über Europa" (German for "Boredom Over Europe") (a parody on the attitude towards Germans) "Plastika" ("Plastic"), "Maljčiki" (Russian for "Boys", a parody on Socialist realism or Communism) and "Amerika" ("America"). The promotional video for "Maljčiki" was banned on national television and some radio stations after the Soviet embassy responded. With promotional videos and radio singles widely broadcast by major TV and radio stations, the band became one of the most popular acts in Yugoslavia. The public expected a new release and so the band entered the studio to record their debut. The result were only six tracks released on an EP but this turned out to be a success as it was sold at about 200.000 copies. In the meantime Kokan Popović became the band's drummer.

After releasing the VIS Idoli EP the band were given the opportunity to record the album and produce it by themselves which they did during Autumn and Winter 1981/1982. Odbrana i poslednji dani was released in early 1982. The record was sold in about 50.000 copies which was considered a commercial failure. The album was one of the first Yugoslav concept album inspired by Borislav Pekić book with the same title. Due to complex structure of the album, the audience did not accept the songs as the previous ones. The only track which became hit was "Kenozoik" for which Krstić provided lead vocals. He also was lead vocalist on "Glavna ptico (skrati svoj dugački jezik)" ("Main Bird" (Shorten Your Long Tongue)").

Due to dissatisfaction of Jugoton the next album had to be more commercial and easy to consume. The band, with Branko Isaković on bass, went to London and with producer Bob Painter recorded Čokolada, one of the best selling Yugoslav records. Krstić was with Šaper the main writer as Divljan was preparing a university degree at the time. Krstić provided lead vocals for the album title track, and "U gradu bez sna" ("In A Dreamless City"). When the Čokolada tour started the relationship between the band members became colder and after the Ljubljana concert the band ceased to exist. The last Idoli release was the soundtrack album for the Šest dana juna movie in 1985. Divljan wrote the lyrics and music while the rest of the band only recorded their parts. Krsić did not record with the band, as he was starring in the movie.

Post Idoli career

When Idoli disbanded Krstić and Šaper wrote music for singer Bilja Krstić. They also released an album in 1987 called Poslednja mladost u Jugoslaviji. For the recording of the album the two formed a band called Unutrašnja Imperija consisting of Gagi Mihajlović (guitar), Branko Isaković (bass) and Dragoljub Đuričić (drums). The album was released by Jugoton.

In 1995, Krstić and Šaper formed a supergroup called Dobrovoljno Pevačko Društvo with Piloti frontman Kiki Lesendrić. Krstić provided vocals and drum machine, Šaper did the vocals while Lesendrić played lead guitar, produced and arranged the songs. Nedelja na Duhove was recorded in Budapest in early 1995 and was released by Eastfield music. Guest appearances featured Aleksandra Kovač and Kristina Kovač, Milan Đurđević from Neverne Bebe, Istvan-Steve Alapi and Zoltan Metenyi. In 1996, both Krstić and Šaper appeared as guests on the Akcija self-titled album. Krstić is no longer in the music business.

Discography

With Idoli

With Srđan Šaper

Studio albums
 Poslednja mladost u Jugoslaviji (1987)

Singles
 "Razvod 1999"/"Parada" (1999)

With Dobrovoljno Pevačko Društvo
 Nedelja na Duhove (1995)

With Akcija
 Akcija (1996) - guest on the track "7 dana" ("7 Days")

Political career
Krstić joined the Democratic Party in 1992.
During Boris Tadić's presidential campaign, Krstić worked as his creative director and was in charge of the media presentation of the Democratic Party's candidate for the office of Serbian President.
Nowadays, he often appears as self proclaimed political analyst, strongly criticizing opposition, and speaking in favor of current political establishment in Serbia.

Personal life

In an exchange of words on Twitter, Krstic outed himself as a gay man, standing up against homophobia online.

References

 EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006,  Janjatović Petar;

Biography of Nebojša Krstić General Secretariat of the President of the Republic

1957 births
Living people
Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Musicians from Belgrade
Serbian physicians
Serbian rock singers
Yugoslav rock singers
University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine alumni
Yugoslav musicians


Saint-Vit () is a commune in the Doubs département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The town lies  northwest of Boussières.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Saint-Vit on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Hypercyclic morphogenesis refers to the emergence of a higher order of self-reproducing structure or organization or hierarchy within a system, first introduced by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. in 1991 (Chap. 12).  It involves combining the idea of the hypercycle, an idea due to Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979) with that of morphogenesis, an idea due to D’Arcy W.Thompson (1917).  The hypercycle involves the problem in biochemistry of molecules combining in a self-reacting group that is able to stay together, posited by Eigen and Schuster as the foundation for the emergence of multi-cellular organisms.  Thompson saw morphogenesis as a central part of the development of an organism as cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows.  Alan Turing (1952) would study the chemistry and mathematics involved in such a process, which would also be studied mathematically by René Thom (1972) in his formulation of catastrophe theory.

	Rosser suggested applications in political economy such as the emergence of the European Union out of the conscious actions of the leaders of its constituent nation states (1992), or the appearance of a higher level in an urban hierarchy during economic development (1994).  It has been applied to the emergence of higher levels in an ecological hierarchy (Rosser, Folke, Günther, Isomäki, Perrings, and Puu, 1994), and it can be argued that the final stage of such a development for combined ecologic-economic systems would be the noosphere of Vladimir I. Vernadsky (1945).

References
J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. From Catastrophe to Chaos: A General Theory of Economic Discontinuities. Boston/Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster. The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self-Organization. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1979.
D’Arcy W. Thompson. On Growth and Form. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Alan M. Turing. “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B August 14, 1952, 237, pp. 37–72.
René Thom. Stabilité Structurelle et Morphogenèses: Essai d’une Théorie Générale des Modèles. New York: Benjamin, 1972 (English translation, Structural Stability and Morphogenesis: An Outline of a Theory of Models. Reading: Benjamin, 1975).
J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. “The Dialogue between the Economic and Ecologic Theories of Evolution.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization March 1992, 17(3), pp. 195–215.
J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. “Dynamics of Emergent Urban Hierarchy.” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals April 1994, 4(4), pp. 553–562.
J. Barkley Rosser, Jr., Carl Folke, Günther Folke, Heikki Isomäki, Charles Perrings, and *Tönu Puu. “Discontinuous Change in Multilevel Hierarchical Systems.” Systems Research 1994, 11(3), pp. 77–94.
Vladimir I. Vernadsky. “The Biosphere and the Noosphere.” Scientific American January 1945, 33(1), pp. 1–12.

Developmental biology
Mathematical and theoretical biology


Wilhelm Tiefel (14 July 1911 – 28 August 1941), nicknamed Willi, was a German footballer.

He played for the teams Union Niederrad, Eintracht Frankfurt, Berliner SV 92 and BSC Brandenburg. He also played 7 times for Germany, starting in 1935.

Personal life
Tiefel was born in Frankfurt on 14 July 1911. He fought in World War II as a private in the German army, and died on 28 August 1941 in Narva on the Eastern Front at the age of 30.

References

External links
  Willi Tiefel at eintracht-archiv.de

1911 births
1941 deaths
Footballers from Frankfurt
German men's footballers
Germany men's international footballers
Eintracht Frankfurt players
German Army personnel killed in World War II
Men's association football midfielders
German Army soldiers of World War II
Military personnel from Frankfurt


Mouthier-Haute-Pierre () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

The village is located in the upper Loue valley, just downstream of its source, in a particularly scenic landscape consisting of a natural amphitheatre dominated by steep cliffs. Other prominent features of the scenery are the 50-metre (160 ft) Syratu Falls, the Gorges de Nouailles, a canyon up to 350 meters deep, the Baume Archée and Faux-Monnayeurs caves and the source of Pontet.

The town grew up around a monastery of which it took its name, Monasterium of Alta Petra. Quoted from 870 in the division of Lothaire II, it was attached to the abbey of Cluny around 1120 with the rank of priory. It is probably during this time that the beginning of the winemaking activity marks the local identity. From the eighteenth century, many workshops and mills develop on the banks of the river and the town reach more than 1,000 inhabitants. Touched by the phylloxera crisis at the end of the nineteenth century, the vineyards were replaced by cherry trees intended to the production of a famous artisanal kirsch. By 2016, Mouthier-Haute-Pierre had a population of 328 people.

Geography

The commune lies  southeast of Ornans.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Mouthier Haute-Pierre on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs
Doubs communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The 1956 FIVB Women's World Championship was the second edition of the tournament, contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of the  (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. It was held from 30 August to 12 September 1956 in France.

Teams

  (debut)
  (debut)
  (debut)

  (debut)
  (debut)
  (debut)
  (host)
  (debut)
  (debut)
  (debut)
  (debut)

  (reigning champion)
  (debut)
  (debut)

Squads

Source:

Venues

Format
The tournament was played in two different stages (first and final rounds). In the , the 17 participants were divided in five groups (two groups of four teams and three groups of three teams). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.

In the , two groups were created (1st-10th and 11th-17th), teams were allocated to a group according to their  group position (best two teams of each group going to 1st-10th and the remaining teams to 11th-17th). A single round-robin format was played within each group with matches already played between teams in the  also counted in this round.

Pools composition

Results

First round

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Pool E

Final round
The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the final round.

11th–17th places

Final places

Final standing

References

External links
 FIVB Results
 Results - todor66
 Results
 Federation Internationale de Volleyball

Fivb Women's World Championship
Fivb Women's World Championship 1956
1956
Fivb Volleyball Women's World Championship
Fivb Women's World Championship 1956
Fivb World Championship 1956
Fivb Volleyball Women's World Championship
Fivb Volleyball Women's World Championship
Fivb Volleyball Women's World Championship
Fivb Volleyball Women's World Championship 1956


Bezanson can refer to:

Places
Bezanson, Alberta, a hamlet in Alberta, Canada

People
 Jeff Bezanson, an American computer scientist
 Philip Bezanson, an American composer
 Thomas Bezanson, a Canadian artist


Mazerolles-le-Salin () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Mazerolles lies  west of Besançon.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Mazerolles-le-Salin on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Montagney-Servigney () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  south of Rougemont.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Montagney-Servigney on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


John Capon, alias John Salcot (died 1557) was a Benedictine monk who became bishop of Bangor, then bishop of Salisbury under Henry VIII. He is often referred to as John Salcot alias Capon (variously spelt).

He graduated B.A. from the University of Cambridge, in 1488. He became prior of St John's Abbey, Colchester, and then abbot of St Benet's Hulme, in Norfolk. He was a vocal supporter of Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon.

He was abbot of Hyde Abbey from 1530, and bishop of Bangor from 1533 (without papal approval); he was consecrated a bishop on 19 April 1534, by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln; and Christopher Lord, suffragan bishop of Canterbury and Bishop of Sidon. It is believed that he never took up residence at Bangor, and he admitted that he found it a problem that he did not speak Welsh. He was translated to become bishop of Salisbury in 1539.

Under Mary I of England he was one of the commissioners involved in the trials of Protestants and condemned John Bradford, Laurence Saunders and Rowland Taylor to death.

During John Capon's period as bishop of Salisbury the town and country witnessed some of its bloodiest years in its persecution of Protestants. The versatile, feared and unscrupulous Capon was Bishop at the time of the reign of Henry VIII and held it during the period of the protectorate, the reign of Edward VI, and Mary. As the king's commissioner he sent several to the stake in the days of Henry VIII. Under Edward VI he became a Protestant; and, changing once more to Catholic under Mary, sat as a judge at the trial of Bishop Hooper and John Rogers. He saw the fall of Thomas Cromwell, and the confiscation of chantries and colleges. During the more than twenty years of his episcopate he saw many people put to death for heresy, denying the king's supremacy, or on other pretences; among the more notable victims were Archbishop Cranmer, and Bishops Ridley and Latimer.

It was not long before the effects of Mary's reign were felt in Salisbury. The use of the 1552 Prayer Book was forbidden by the end of 1553, altars were restored, and the Mass was again said. On 24 July 1554 Queen Mary married Philip of Spain and within six months the first martyrs were burning. One of the Commission of Bishops appointed to persecute Protestants was the Bishop of Salisbury, John Capon. Having sent numerous well-known Protestants to the stake elsewhere in England, Capon did not hesitate to do the same to men of humble rank in his own Salisbury diocese. On 24 March 1556, three days after Archbishop Cranmer was burned, three men were burned at the stake in Salisbury. Their names were John Maundrell (a farmer), William Coberley (a tailor), and John Spicer (a stonemason).

John Capon was a brother of William Capon, a former Master of Jesus College, Cambridge, whose bequest of £100 was instrumental in the founding of King Edward VI School, Southampton.

Notes

References
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (under Capon, John)
Angelo J. Louisa, Capon [Salcot], John (d. 1557), bishop of Salisbury in Oxford Dictionary of Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
John & Angela Magee, John Foxe 1517 - 1587 (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113828/http://www.salisburyemmanuel.org.uk/John%20Foxe.pdf)

1557 deaths
English Benedictines
Bishops of Bangor
Bishops of Salisbury
16th-century Church of England bishops
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Welsh Anglican bishops


Montfaucon () is an affluent commune in the Doubs department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.

Geography
Montfaucon lies  southeast of Besançon in the valley of the Doubs.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Official website
 Montfaucon on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Palantine () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Moncley () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Moncley lies  northwest of Besançon in the valley of the Ognon. The river forms the boundary with the department of Haute-Saône.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Moncley on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Rémondans-Vaivre () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Pouligney-Lusans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  north of Roulans.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Pouligney-Lusans on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Darleys Gregorio Pérez Ballesta (born September 14, 1983) is a Colombian professional boxer who held the WBA lightweight title in 2015. As an amateur he represented Colombia at the 2008 Summer Olympics as a lightweight.

Amateur career
At the South American Games 2006 he won the gold medal vs Éverton Lopes (13:11). At the PanAm Games 2007 he lost at a qualifier (13:16) and the quarterfinals of the main event to world champion Yordenis Ugás (4:8) in a tight contest.

At the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships he upset heavy favourite Olexandr Klyuchko (13:10) and knocked out two successive opponents but lost to Kim Song Guk from North Korea {6:23} in the final. He clinched a berth at the Beijing Olympics in 2008, narrowly losing to eventual gold medallist Aleksei Tishchenko at the quarter-finals stage. He turned professional in 2009 following his Olympic campaign, with an impressive amateur record of 82 wins and 7 losses.

Professional career
Darleys Pérez turned professional in 2009, where he competes in the lightweight division. Following a string of knockout victories over domestic Colombian fighters, Pérez debuted in America where he defeated a number of lightweight contenders to earn a shot at the WBA Interim Lightweight title against former super-featherweight champion Yuriorkis Gamboa, also undefeated. In an uninspired yet close contest, Gamboa edged the Colombian over the distance to hand Pérez his first loss in 28 fights. However, Pérez fought for the WBA Interim Lightweight title once again two fights later and won the belt with a decisive points victory over Argenis Lopez, before being promoted to WBA Lightweight champion due to Richar Abril being stripped of his title in 2015. Pérez' first defence of the WBA belt came against tough underdog Anthony Crolla in Manchester, where Crolla sought to win the world title following a life-threatening injury sustained in an incursion with burglars the previous Christmas. In a competitive yet controversial bout, many thought Crolla had done enough to secure a decision victory but Pérez was fortunate to come away from Manchester with a draw on the cards. A rematch subsequently followed in Manchester, during which Crolla upset Pérez by knocking him out with a crisp body punch in the 5th round, taking the Colombian's WBA belt in the process. Pérez followed up the second loss of his career with a knockout win over domestic rival Ubadel Soto in Colombia to take his record to 33 wins, 2 losses and 1 draw.

Professional boxing record

External links

 South Americans 2006
 PanAm Games
 World 2007
 yahoo data

|-

Living people
Lightweight boxers
Boxers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Colombia
1983 births
Pan American Games competitors for Colombia
Colombian male boxers
South American Games gold medalists for Colombia
South American Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2006 South American Games
Sportspeople from Antioquia Department
21st-century Colombian people


Troy Airport  is a public airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the United States Forest Service and is situated between U.S. Highway 2 and the Kootenai River in the Kootenai National Forest.

Facilities and aircraft
Troy Airport covers an area of  which contains one runway designated 14/32 with a 3,570 by 30 ft (1,088 by 9 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending August 25, 2005, the airport had 700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 58 per month.

References

External links

Airports in Montana
Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Montana
Transportation in Lincoln County, Montana


Montflovin () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Montflovin lies  north of Montbenoît.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Montflovin on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Geoffrey Verweij (born 10 August 1982, in Amsterdam) is a Dutch footballer who currently plays as a striker for FC Chabab in the Dutch Topklasse. He formerly played for Sparta Rotterdam, Haarlem, FC Emmen and IJsselmeervogels.

References
 Voetbal International Profile

1982 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Sparta Rotterdam players
HFC Haarlem players
FC Emmen players
Eerste Divisie players
Derde Divisie players
Footballers from Amsterdam
Men's association football forwards


The Safir (, meaning "ambassador") was the first Iranian expendable launch vehicle able to place a satellite in orbit. The first successful orbital launch using the Safir launch system took place on 2 February 2009 when a Safir carrier rocket placed the Omid satellite into an orbit with a  apogee. Making Iran the ninth nation capable of producing and launching a satellite.

The Simorgh is a larger orbital launcher based on Safir technology which has since replaced the Safir, and is sometimes called the Safir-2.

Design and specifications
The Safir measures 1.25 meters in diameter, 22 meters in height and has a launching mass of 26 tons. The rocket consists of two stages; The first stage utilizes an upgraded Nodong/Shahab-3  type engine which burns a hypergolic combination of UDMH as fuel and nitrogen tetroxide as oxidant, producing 37 tons (363 kN; 82,500 lbf) of thrust. The second stage utilizes a pair of smaller engines (originally the Vernier engines of the R-27 Zyb Soviet SLBM) burning the same fuel combination as the first stage and producing 3.5 tons (35 kN; 7700 lbf) of thrust. This configuration gives Safir the ability to inject a payload with a maximum weight of 50 kilograms into low Earth orbit.

Variants

Kavoshgar-1
Kavoshgar-1 (, "Explorer-1") was Safir's precursor used as a sounding rocket, a sub-orbital flight was conducted on 4 February 2008, as announced by state-run television. A launch on 25 February 2007 may also have been of the same type. The flight carried instruments to measure the higher atmosphere. The rocket launched on 4 February 2008 was a liquid-propellant-driven rocket, a derivative of the Shahab-3, that reached an altitude of 200–250 km in space, and successfully returned science data according to the Iranian News Agency.

On 19 February 2008, Iran offered new information about the rocket and announced that Kavoshgar-1 used a two staged rocket. The first stage separated after 100 seconds and returned to earth with the help of a parachute. The second stage continued its ascent to an altitude of 200 kilometers.

Safir-1A
The Safir-1A is the first upgraded variant of the original Safir, these upgrades include, refinement of the second stage retro-rockets, stage separation systems, various sensors and telemetry systems, navigation and control systems, as well as increasing maximum orbit height from 250 to 275 kilometers.

Safir-1B

The Safir-1B is a further upgrade of the Safir-1A design, the first-stage engine has been upgraded and refined, resulting in an increase in thrust from 32 to 37tons (363 kN; 82,500 lbf), the second stage engine has been upgraded with thrust vector control capability and has been made more efficient. These upgrades have increased payload capability to 50 kilograms, and have increased maximum orbit height to 400 kilometers.

Retirement
During the unveiling ceremony of the Zuljanah satellite launch vehicle on the state TV, Seyed Ahmad Husseini, the spokesman of the Ministry of Defense's Aerospace Organization stated that the Safir Launch vehicle is in a state of retirement and no further launches are planned with this vehicle.

Launch history
Safir has made eight launches so far, putting 4 satellites into orbit.

Gallery

See also
 International rankings of Iran in Science and Technology
Iranian Space Agency
Semnan Space Center
Other Iranian satellite launch vehicles

 Simorgh (rocket)
 Qased (rocket)
 Qaem-100 (rocket)
 Zuljanah (rocket)

References

External links

 Iran's Research Rocket Beams Back Science Data, Space.com
 Iran Launches Rocket, Unveils Space Center, Space.com
 Iran's Sputnik, SpaceRef.com
 Iran rocket claim raises tension, BBC
 Iran: Rocket Launch Another Show Of Prowess, RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty
 Iran claims space rocket launch, AlJazeera
 Iranians inaugurate space project, BBC
 Iran to Launch 2 More Research Rockets Before Placing Satellite into Orbit This Summer, on Space.com
 Iran Launches Indigenous Carrier Rocket

Ballistic missiles of Iran
Space launch vehicles of Iran
Expendable space launch systems
Vehicles introduced in 2008


Ougney-Douvot () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Ouhans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. The source of the river Loue is in the commune.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Biserka Jevtimijević Drinjaković (b. 1969 in Kosovska Mitrovica) is the current director of the supervisory board of the Serbian national oil company NIS. She was also an Advisor to the President of Serbia for economic affairs, appointed by Boris Tadić and serving from 2005 to 2008. She graduated in international law at the University of Belgrade's Law School.

Biography

For five years, she worked for the World Bank Group, where successfully managed numerous projects in private sector development and sustainable development. She was awarded several times by the International Finance Corporation for successful design and implementation of development projects. She has several years of experience in International Humanitarian Sector, specialized in managing projects for economic sustainability and social integration of Internally Displaced People and Refugees.

References

1969 births
Living people
Belgrade Law School alumni
Serbian women in politics


Orchard Wyndham is a historic manor near Williton in Somerset, centred on the synonymous grade I listed manor house of Orchard Wyndham that was situated historically in the parish of Watchet and about two miles south of the parish church of St Decuman's, Watchet. Parts of the manor house are medieval. It has been owned for more than 700 years by the prominent Wyndham family, who continue there as of 2015.

History
There is evidence of occupation of the site from Roman and Saxon times. The estate was originally called "Orchard", possibly a corruption of the Saxon family name "De Horcherd". In the 12th century the family of Elfric de Orchard held another nearby manor in Somerset, now called Orchard Portman which was inherited by the Portman family.

In 1448 the estate passed into the hands of the Sydenham family of nearby Combe Sydenham, and was thenceforth known as Orchard Sydenham. The Sydenham family originated at the manor of Sydenham near Bridgwater, Somerset. Elizabeth Sydenham (died 1571) inherited the house and in 1528 married Sir John Wyndham (died 1573), from Norfolk.

The descent of Orchard Wyndham in the Wyndham family is as follows:

Sir John Wyndham (died 1573): He was the second son of Sir Thomas Wyndham (died 1521) of Felbrigg in Norfolk by his first wife Eleanor Scrope. He inherited Orchard from his wife Elizabeth Sydenham (died 1/1/1571), daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Sydenham of Orchard Sydenham, Somerset.

Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645): Grandson. He was the only child of Sir John Wyndham (1516–1572) of Kentsford House, Watchet, who predeceased his own father, by his wife Florence Wadham (died 1596), a sister and co-heiress of Nicholas Wadham, founder, with his wife Dorothy Wadham, of Wadham College.

John Wyndham (died 1649): Second and eldest surviving son, who married Catherine Hopton daughter of Robert Hopton of Witham, Somerset, and sister of Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton (died 1652).

Sir William Wyndham, 1st Baronet (c. 1632 – 1683): Eldest son, of Orchard. He was Member of Parliament for Somerset 1656-1658 and for Taunton 1660–1679, was made a Baronet in 1661, "of Orchard, Somerset". It was during the tenure of the 1st Baronet that Orchard became known as Orchard Wyndham.

Sir Edward Wyndham, 2nd Baronet (c. 1667 – 1695): Son and heir. He was MP for Ilchester three times.

Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet (1687–1740): He was a Jacobite leader firmly opposed to the Hanoverian succession and was leader of the Tory opposition in the House of Commons during the reign of King George I (1714–1727) and during the early years of King George II (1727–1760). In 1715 an officer was sent to Orchard Wyndham to arrest him for suspected high treason but he escaped from his bedroom and rode away on a waiting horse. A royal proclamation was subsequently issued for his arrest, with a £1,000 reward offered. He later handed himself in to the authorities and spent time in the Tower of London.

Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont (1710–1763): He succeeded to the Orchard Wyndham estates and as 4th baronet on his father's death in 1740. He abandoned Orchard Wyndham as his principal seat in favour of Petworth House.

George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1751–1837): Eldest son, who lived principally at Petworth.

George Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont (1785–1845): Nephew. He died without male children.

William Wyndham (1834–1914): Of Dinton House (of which estate he was William Wyndham), Wiltshire. He was heir male to his grandfather William Wyndham (1769–1841), of Dinton, under the will of his distant cousin (who shared common descent from Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645) of Orchard Wyndham) George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont (1786–1845), following the death of the 4th Earl's widow in 1876 who had retained a life interest in his estate. He thus inherited the ancient family manor of Orchard Wyndham. He married in 1867 Frances Ann Stafford (died 1934), the second daughter of Charles James Stafford, vicar of Dinton.

William Wyndham (1868–1951): Eldest son, of Orchard Wyndham. He sold Dinton in 1916 and made Orchard Wyndham his main seat, where he lived with his five unmarried sisters. In 1951 he died unmarried and without children. His next younger brother Alward Wyndham (1877–1937), was already dead, having disappeared without trace to South America, and in 1909-10 was committed to Napa State Hospital, California, U.S.A. for temporary treatment for insanity. Orchard Wyndham was therefore inherited by his next younger brother Capt. John Wyndham.

Capt. John Wyndham (1879–1966): Welsh Regiment, JP, younger brother, formerly of Court Place, Bathealton, Somerset. In 1915 he married Maud Colville, a daughter of Archibald Colville of Motherwell, Scotland, a director of David Colville & Sons, one of the largest steelworks in Scotland, founded by his father.

George Colville Wyndham (1916–1982):Son, an officer of the Indian Civil Service before 1947, who in 1939 married Anne Dorothy Hodder Hodder-Williams.

William Wadham Wyndham (born 1940): Eldest son and heir, the owner of Orchard Wyndham as of 2015. Educated at Eton and Wadham College, Oxford, the founding and building of which in 1609 had been supervised by his ancestor Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645) on behalf of his deceased uncle Nicholas Wadham (died 1609). He does not however reside at Orchard Wyndham, which is the home of his sister Sylvana Margery Glazebrook Chandler (born 1944, née Wyndham), High Sheriff of Somerset in 2012, and her husband Richard T. Chandler. The estate had formerly been managed by his younger sister Dr Katherine Stafford Heathcote Wyndham (1947–2004), an art historian and director of the Somerset Building Preservation Trust, who was responsible for the refurbishment and renovation of the house in 1996–2000.

Description
The house was designated by English Heritage in 1969 as a Grade I listed building, while the Bailiff's House, Lodge, remains of the walled garden and gate are also listed.

The Giant's Cave which is also known as the Blue Grotto, within the grounds, is a landscape feature in the form of a ruin, dating from the mid 18th century. It consists of large undressed blocks of red sandstone, irregularly placed in sections of wall about 2.5 metres high.

Estate
Today the estate retains substantial local landholdings and also land at Ilton, Somerset, where the "Wyndham Estate" is the largest employer in the village and where the public house is called the "Wyndham Arms". This land was formerly part of the Merryfield estate which the family inherited from Nicholas Wadham (died 1609) of Edge, Branscombe, Devon and Merryfield, Ilton, Somerset.

Return of Owners of Land 1873
The Return of Owners of Land, 1873 (as corrected in 1883) revealed the holdings of Wyndham of Orchard Wyndham and Dinton in total as 23,708 acres worth £37,420 per annum as follows:
Somerset 11,231 acres (of which 2,866 Wyndham of Dinton)
Devon 6,740 acres
Wilts 5,734 acres (all Wyndham of Dinton)
Surrey 3 acres

Principal historic estates
The principal historic estates of the family were as follows:
Somerset: Orchard Wyndham, St Decuman's, Watchet, Williton, Beer Crocombe, Brean Down, Chiselborough, Ilton, Kingsbury Episcopi, Pitcombe.
Devon: Bondleigh, Silverton.
Wiltshire: Allington, Dinton, Mere, Norrington, Salisbury, Slaughterford, Trowbridge.
Dorset: Hawkchurch, Mappowder, Sturminster Marshall.
Gloucestershire: Hawling.
Hampshire: Binsted Popham, Christchurch, Hinton Admiral, Milton, Yateley.
Shropshire: Beckbury.

See also
 List of Grade I listed buildings in West Somerset

Notes

References

Sources
Ketton-Cremer, Robert Wyndham, Felbrigg, the Story of a House, London, 1962
Collinson, John, History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset, Volume 3, London, 1791, pp. 488–491: Orchard

Further reading
Delderfield, Eric, West Country Historic Houses and their Families, Newton Abbot, 1968, pp. 105–9: Orchard Wyndham; pp. 86–8: Kentisford Farm
www.orchardwyndham.com Official website
Victoria County History, Volume 5, Somerset, 1985, "Parishes: St. Decumans, including Watchet and Williton", pp. 143–171
 Wyndham, Hon Hugh Archibald (later 4th Baron Leconfield), A Family History, The Wyndhams of Norfolk and Somerset, 1939.
 Wyndham, the Hon Hugh Archibald, A Family History, The Wyndhams of Somerset, Sussex and Wiltshire, 1950.

Grade I listed buildings in West Somerset
Grade I listed houses in Somerset
Wyndham family residences
Sydenham family residences


Montrond-le-Château () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  northeast of Quingey.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Montrond-le-Château on the intercommunal Web site of the department

Communes of Doubs


Orgeans-Blanchefontaine () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in region eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Palise () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Saint-Georges-Armont () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune liest  east of Clerval.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Saint-Georges-Armont on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


The Old Mission Peninsula AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Grand Traverse County, Michigan known for well-regarded Michigan wine.  The Old Mission Peninsula extends northward from Traverse City into the Grand Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan, ending at Old Mission Point.  The peninsula is  long by  wide at its widest point.  The climate on the peninsula is moderated by the surrounding waters, helping to prevent frost during the growing season.  Grape varietals suitable to cool climates, such as Riesling, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot do best in the Old Mission Peninsula AVA.

The peninsula has extensive cherry orchards and vineyards.  There are ten wineries offering tasting rooms, each located within five miles of each other. Of Traverse City's two wine-growing peninsulas, Old Mission is smaller and more easily encompassed in a single day: just a little under 20 miles from end to end, and in places as little as three miles wide. The hardiness zones are 5b and 6a.

History

The Old Mission Peninsula was settled in 1842 by a Presbyterian minister. During the Civil War period, the area saw an influx in population with many families today able to trace their ties to the area back to this period. Located along the 45th parallel north, and moderated by Lake Michigan and the deep Grand Traverse Bay, the region soon showed that it had macroclimate to produce a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Early agriculture in the area subsisted on apples, cherries and potatoes. In 1870, George Parmalee, of the Michigan State Horticultural Society, encouraged farmers of Old Mission Peninsula to branch out to different plantings but it would be another 100 years before wine grape varieties really took hold in the area.

In 1974 Edward O'Keefe Jr. of Chateau Grand Traverse began planting Vitis vinifera varieties including Chardonnay, Pinot noir and Riesling near Traverse City. The following year he expanded to 55-acre of grapevines, which was the first large-scale planting of Vitis vinifera.. (However, it was not the very first commercial planting of vinifera since Tabor Hill Winery of Berrien County, had planted a few experimental acres of vinifera grapevines in southwest Michigan in 1969.)

In the 1980s, the Michigan wine industry saw growth throughout the state as several American Viticultural Areas, including Fennville, Lake Michigan Shore and the nearby Leelanau Peninsula, were approved. The Old Mission Peninsula received its AVA designation on June 8, 1987. The leading force behind AVA recognition came from Edward O'Keefe, whose Chateau Grand Traverse was the peninsula's only commercial winery at the time. Today the wine industry in the Old Mission Peninsula has expanded to include eight wineries and a thriving wine tourism industry.

Grape varieties and wine styles
Currently the wineries of the Old Mission Peninsula are focused on the production of Vinifera wines with an average of 90,000 cases produced in the AVA on a yearly basis. Among the grape varieties planted in the peninsula are Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gamay noir, Gewurztraminer, Malbec, Merlot, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling.

Wineries in Old Mission Peninsula AVA
There are eleven wineries in the Old Mission Peninsula AVA. The Old Mission Peninsula American Viticultural Area sits close to the 45th parallel, a longitude known for growing prestigious grapes. The wineries in the Old Mission Peninsula American Viticultural Area are 2 Lads Winery, Bonobo Winery, Black Star Farms, Bowers Harbor Vineyards, Brys Estate Vineyard & Winery, Chateau Chantal, Chateau Grand Traverse, Hawthorne Vineyards, Left Foot Charley (with vineyards in OMP, winery in Traverse City), Mari Vineyards, Peninsula Cellars, and Tabone Vineyards.

References

External links
Traverse City's Wine Trail

American Viticultural Areas
Geography of Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Michigan wine
1987 establishments in Michigan


Marcel Pannekoek (born 3 May 1986) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a midfielder for VV Winsum in the Eerste Klasse.

Pannekoek emerged as a talent from the FC Groningen youth academy in 2005, but did not manage to make his breakthrough for the first team. After a two-year stint with Eerste Divisie club Emmen, he moved to Hoofdklasse club PKC '83 in June 2009 where he would play while studying in Groningen.

In March 2011, it was announced that Pannekoek would move up a division, as he signed with third-tier club Harkemase Boys. After one season, he left after suffering a series of injuries. He joined his childhood club VIBOA afterwards, while taking over his father's jewellery store, Juwelier Pannekoek in Winsum, together with his sister Annemiek. In 2016, he continued with VV Winssum after VIBOA has merged with Hunsingo, and continued playing in the Eerste Klasse.

References

External links
Profile at Voetbal International

1986 births
People from Winsum
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Groningen players
FC Emmen players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Derde Divisie players
Eerste Klasse players
Harkemase Boys players
Dutch jewellers
Footballers from Groningen (province)


Silley-Bléfond () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  southwest of Baume-les-Dames.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Silley-Bléfond on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Joel Dorman Steele (May 14, 1836 – May 25, 1886) was an American educator. He and his wife Esther Baker Steele were important textbook writers of their period, on subjects including American history, chemistry, human physiology, physics, astronomy, and zoology. In the preface to his posthumous Popular Physics, the publisher writes that his books "attained an extraordinary degree of popularity, due to the author's attractive style, his great skill in the selection of material suited to the demands of the schools for which the books were intended, his sympathetic spirit toward both teachers and pupils, and his earnest Christian character, which was exhibited in all his writing."

Born May 14, 1836, in Lima, New York, he became a country schoolteacher at the age of 17, leaving that position after an outbreak of typhoid fever killed his mother in 1851. He graduated from Genesee College (which later became Syracuse University) in 1858, and became a school principal in Oswego County in 1859. After being seriously injured in the American civil war, he returned to a school principalship in 1862, in Newark, New York, and in 1866 moved to another school in Elmira, New York. In 1872 he gave up teaching and devoted himself to full-time writing. He died in Elmira, on May 25, 1886.

Steele is the namesake of the Joel Dorman Steele professorship at Syracuse University, currently held by A. P. Balachandran. It was announced on October 18, 2012 that Prof Mark Bowick would take over the position. The Steele Memorial Library in Elmira is also named after him; Esther Baker Steele Hall at Syracuse University is named after his wife.

Books

New Descriptive Astronomy, A.S. Barnes & Company, 1869, 1884.
Fourteen Weeks in Human Physiology, 1872. Revised as Hygienic Physiology: With Special Reference to the Use of Alcoholic Drinks and Narcotics, 1888.
Fourteen Weeks in Chemistry, 1873. Revised as Popular Chemistry, 1887.
Fourteen Weeks in Natural Philosophy, 1873.
Fourteen Weeks in Descriptive Astronomy, 1874. Revised as Popular Astronomy: Being the New Descriptive Astronomy, 1899.
Barnes' Centenary History: One Hundred Years of American Independence, 1875.
The Story of the Rocks: Fourteen Weeks in Popular Geology, 1877.
Fourteen Weeks in Physics, 1878. Revised as Popular Physics, 1888, and The Chautauqua Course in Physics, 1889.
A Brief History of the United States, 1880.
A Brief History of Ancient Peoples, 1881.
A Brief History of Greece: With Readings from Prominent Greek Historians, 1883.
A Brief History Of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Peoples, 1883, 1899.
New Descriptive Astronomy, A.S. Barnes & Company, 1869, 1884.
A Brief History of Rome, 1885.
A Brief History of The United States,1885.
Popular Zoology, 1887.

References

Further reading
Joel Dorman Steele, by Mrs. George Archibald, biography reviewed in New York Times September 8, 1900.
 Biography of Joel Dorman Steele- Chemung County Library District

External links

 Popular Zoology (1887) at Science History Institute Digital Collections

1836 births
1886 deaths
Syracuse University alumni
People from Lima, New York
Writers from Elmira, New York
Educators from New York (state)
19th-century American educators


Plaimbois-Vennes () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


St John the Evangelist's Church is in Walton, Warrington, Cheshire, England. It was built as a private estate church towards the end of the 19th century but is now an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Great Budworth. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

History

The church was built in 1882–83 for the brewer Sir Gilbert Greenall of Walton Hall. It was designed by the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin, the cost of its construction being £17,500
(equivalent to £ in ).

Architecture

Exterior

The church is built in red snecked sandstone with Westmorland green slate roofs. Its plan is cruciform with a three-bay nave, north and south transepts, a two-bay chancel, a south vestry, and a south porch. The tower is in four stages with chequerwork in its third stage, a recessed octagonal spire and an octagonal north west stair turret. The porch consists of an oak frame on a  sandstone plinth. The church is in Decorated style.

Interior

The nave and chancels have barrel roofs. On the south side of the chancel is sedilia. The reredos contains a carving of the Crucifixion. The font is marble, and the pulpit is built of oak on a stone base. The floors are tiled. The stained glass includes a window in the south transept dated 1929 by Morris and Co. and elsewhere by E. H. Jewitt of Shrigley and Hunt.

Appraisal
The church was listed at Grade II* on 23 December 1983. Grade II* is the middle of the three gradings designated by English Heritage, and is given to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". The authors of the Buildings of England series describe it as a "glorious estate church, exquisitely detailed and composed", and consider that the tower is one of Austin's best.

External features

The lych gate dating from around 1885 is built in red sandstone with a Westmorland green slate roof and half-timbered gables on brackets. It was built at the expense of Sir Gilbert Greenall and was designed by Paley and Austin. It is listed at Grade II.

See also

Grade I and II* listed buildings in Warrington
Listed buildings in Walton, Cheshire
List of ecclesiastical works by Paley and Austin

References

Church of England church buildings in Cheshire
Grade II* listed churches in Cheshire
Churches in Warrington
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Gothic Revival architecture in Cheshire
Churches completed in 1885
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Anglican Diocese of Liverpool
Paley and Austin buildings


Torker was a brand of bicycles and unicycles owned by Seattle Bike Supply, headquartered in Kent, Washington.

History
The Torker name was created by Johnson Engineering in Fullerton, California in 1977 for a BMX bike frame. The first Haro bikes were made by Torker. In 1982, Torker let go Bob Haro when he introduced his own line of BMX racing pants. In 1984, the Torker Bicycle Company went bankrupt, and Seattle Bike Supply purchased the name. BMX bikes with the Torker name were made from the late 1970s into the 2000s. Torker's product line expanded to include beach cruisers, tandem bikes and even unicycles. Reader's Digest nominated Torker unicycles as "America's 100 Best" for 2006, and Torker was awarded BEST OF 2006 in the December issue of Seattle Magazine. Seattle Bike Supply was acquired by Accell in 2006.

BMX team
Torker sponsored a BMX racing team that included:
Mike Miranda
Richie Anderson
Tommy Brackens
Clint Miller
Eddy King
Matt Hadan
Steve Veltman
Mike King
Cheri Elliott

Products
The Torker line includes bicycles, unicycles, strollers, and trailers.

Bicycles
The bicycles include adult (men's and women's), children, tandem, and cruisers.

Unicycles
It makes unicycles with various wheel sizes from 16 to 29 inches, as well as a 5 foot giraffe.

References

External links
 Torker website
Seattle Bike Supply website

Cycle manufacturers of the United States
BMX
Companies based in Kent, Washington


Zegerscappel (; from Dutch; Zegerskappel in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is  south of Dunkerque.

Heraldry

Population

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Zermezeele (; ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

The northern border between Ledringhem and Zermezeele is marked by the river Peene Becque.

Population

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Zuydcoote  (West Flemish and ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

Population

Gallery

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
Nord communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
French Flanders


Lederzeele (from Flemish; Lederzele in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is  northeast of Saint-Omer.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Zuytpeene is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

The small river Peene Becque flows through the village.

Population

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Tornaveen () is a district to the north of the small village of Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is on the Tarland to Aberdeen road and has approximately 150 residents.

It used to have a small shop but this has closed in recent years. Its most notable historical event apart from being near the place of Macbeth's death was the landing of a German balloon with three men on February 10/11 1929. The balloon had been blown across the North Sea during a storm and landed near Claydykes Farm on the B9119 road through Tornaveen. It had been in the air for 18 hours. Originally the tour had been planned just for a trip from Bitterfeld near Leipzig to Hanover. But then more and more wind came up and drove the balloon across the Netherlands towards the North Sea. Different attempts to land failed because of several reasons and so the three men crossed the North Sea within 12 hours. Finally they landed in a tree and stayed alive.

It is described in the Ordnance Survey name book of 1871 as "Three small croft houses, a grocers Shop, a Parish School and Chapel, the croft houses are all one Storey high partly Slated and partly thatched the Chapel a very plain building erected a few years ago by a general local Subscription, each of the three principal denominations viz. Established Free and United Presbyterians who were Subscribers have an equal right to its use, and therefore it belongs to no one class of religionists. the crofts etc. is the property of John Gordon Esqr. Cluny and others."

There is an Obelisk there "erected by William N Fraser Esqr. in 1865 in Memory of his Uncle Colonel Robert Winchester K. H. [Knight Hanover] who was one of the Peninsular Heroes".

References
A history of Lumphanan by Lumphanan school
A history of Deeside by Unknown

Villages in Aberdeenshire


Lauwin-Planque () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Lauwinplanque


The Pacific Maritime Ecozone, as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), is a Canadian terrestrial ecozone, spanning a strip approximately 200 kilometres wide along the British Columbia Coast, then narrowing along the border with Alaska. It also includes all marine islands of British Columbia and a small portion of the southwestern corner of the Yukon. Fourteen ecoregions comprise the Ecozone, ranging from the Mount Logan Ecoregion in the north to the Cascade Ecoregion and Lower Mainland Ecoregion in the south.

The name of the comparable ecozones in the United States, where Level II ecoregions correspond to the international term "ecozone", are the Marine West Coast Forest and the Northwestern Forested Mountains ecoregions.  In the floristic province system, the region is described as part of the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region.

Also in use is a system of biogeoclimatic zones defined and used by the British Columbia government, which defines the same area as the Coastal Western Hemlock zone, though a small portion flanking the Strait of Georgia comprises the Coastal Douglas-fir zone.  In the different ecoregion system established by the World Wildlife Fund, the region corresponds to the Pacific temperate rain forests ecoregion, sub-ecoregions of which are the Haida Gwaii ecoregion, Vancouver Island ecoregion, and British Columbia mainland coastal forests ecoregions.

Geography
This ecozone is the most diverse in Canada, and perhaps the world. Its northern inland extent is primarily alpine tundra, whereas the picturesque northern coast features numerous fjords and valleys, with massive glaciers common in the mountains. To the south, the small flatland of the Fraser Valley is located at the southern end of the Coast Mountains, noted for temperate rainforests. In its marine areas are notable undersea kelp forests.

Lying on the Pacific Ring of Fire, it exhibits many hot springs.

Ecoprovinces
This ecozone can be further subdivided into three ecoprovinces:
Georgia Depression
Northern Coastal Mountains
Southern Coastal Mountains

Climate
This zone experiences the warmest and wettest climate in Canada. The lower Georgia Strait may receive as little as 600 mm of annual precipitation, but other areas in this zone receive as much as 3,000 mm. Moderated by the influence of the Pacific Ocean, the zone experiences mild winters and cool summers. Mean temperatures vary little throughout the year; January means are between 4 and 6 °C, and July means are between 12 and 18 °C.

Flora and fauna
The region is the only home for some species of birds, including the American black oystercatcher, the chestnut-backed chickadee and the tufted puffin. The Gulf Islands and Saanich Peninsula contain "the last remnants of the highly endangered Garry oak ecosystem".

The Great Bear Rainforest is located entirely within this ecozone.

Conservation

National parks
Four national parks have been established in this ecozone:
 Gulf Islands National Park Reserve
 Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
 Kluane National Park and Reserve
 Pacific Rim National Park Reserve

Provincial parks
Dozens of provincial parks have been established in this ecozone. Some of the largest and most notable ones include:
Fiordland Conservancy
Garibaldi Provincial Park
Juan de Fuca Provincial Park
Kitlope Heritage Conservancy
Strathcona Provincial Park
Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park

References

Ecozones and ecoregions of British Columbia
Geography of Yukon
Geography of the Pacific Northwest


Lecelles () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Gallery

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)


Hans Wloka (8 March 1925 – 8 April 1976) was a German footballer.

He played for Eintracht Frankfurt from 1947 to 1957.

Honours
 Oberliga Süd: 1952–53; runners-up 1953–54

References

External links
 Hans Wloka at eintracht-archiv.de

1925 births
1976 deaths
German men's footballers
Footballers from Silesian Voivodeship
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders


Aniche (; ) is a commune in the Nord département in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

The commune, located in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais mining area, long lived on the mining of coal with fourteen pits on its territory. Eleven pits were owned by the Aniche Mining Company and three by the Compagnie des mines d'Azincourt (Agincourt Mining Company).

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Anichois or Anichoises.

History

Middle Ages
In the early 12th century, Marchiennes Abbey owned the altar and tithes which had previously been owned by Anselm le Barbu, Count of Ostrevant, and his successors
On 27 April 1181, Philippe, Count of Flanders and Vermandois, was at the Saint-Martin of Aniche basilica in the presence of the relics of the Virgin Eusebia. He regulated the rights of the Abbey on tithing.
In 1209, Bauduin of Obrechicourt, knight, waived his rights for tithes from Aniche.
In 1219, Robert, sire of Aniche, made an award in favour of the Abbey for land that he contested with Jean le Mirail d'Aniche.
In 1340, during the Hundred Years War, the people of Douai, France's allies, burned the village which was considered pro-British.

Aniche and Auberchicourt long had the same lords.

Cartulary of Duke Charles de Croy

The Gouache painting (opposite) was probably painted in 1603 and appears in the Albums de Croÿ. It is part of a wide range of topographical paintings made at the request of the Duke of Croy: an oval with a bird's-eye view of the landscape is framed in the four corners by four naked male figures with those at the top facing and the lower ones facing to the rear. The oval medallion contains a cartouche with the name of the village over a representation of the landscape seen from the south in late summer (see the plowed field and leaves on the trees).

In the foreground
A road on the left with two figures. This road would be the way from Bouchain to Auberchicourt and Douai.
In the centre bottom a shepherd on a hill with four sheep with a further ten sheep between the path and the plowed field.

In the background
The village houses grouped around the church on the edge of the plowed field. Note that the artist has featured hooks on the church roof which trapped snow and also allowed the hanging of ladders for maintenance of the slates. Two turrets are visible on the side of the church with spires covered with slate.
Seven buildings to the left of the church, eleven to the right all with 2 sided roofs.
The church dominates the centre of the medallion with the bell tower on the left with a spire and four Fléchons covered with slate, angled and louvred, the choir on the right with four high bays whose roof is lower than the nave. The nave seems be made of four bays without an aisle. The choir appears to be of Roman style, narrower and lower and unusually elongated (with three spans). This church differs from the present church which was rebuilt from 1857 to 1859 and the tower rebuilt in 1872.
Another impressive building is located on the right.

In the far background
A dominant hill on the right.

From the 16th century to the Revolution

In 1616, Peter Paul Rubens came to Cambrai from his Rubenshuis in Antwerp and, in passing Lille, stopped at Aniche and left three paintings including The Entombment and two smaller ones: a Saint Francis and a Saint Clare. For The Entombment (also called the Descent from the Cross), Rubens painted the Christ naked. According to Eugéne-Bouly de Lesdain it is no longer intact: "A foreign hand cast a veil of decency on the painting which he felt obliged to impose". An alien hand that may be attributed to Anonymous of Antwerp.

The Entombment by Rubens is always visible in the Church of Saint-Gery of Cambrai.

Under Charles V Aniche became a possession of the King of Spain until the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678 when the Chatellenie of Bouchain returned to Louis XIV, King of France.
In 1686, Eugène de Sainte-Adelgonde, Baron of Bours and Rieulay held the right of high justice in the land of Aniche under letters patent of engagement (lettres-patentes d'engagière).
In 1778, on the night of 11 to 12 September, the discovery of coal in the Sainte Catherine pit caused the expansion and transformation of village society. The Marquis de Traisnel Company and Claude-Constant Juvénal d'Harville des Ursins, then the owner of the manor, became the Aniche Mining Company - the second largest coal company in France after the Anzin Mining Company.

18th century
On the morning of 7 February 1827 at the Saint Hyacinthe pit, fire broke out in an access passage for the workers to descend into the pit. Thick smoke spread inside the mine and asphyxiated 46 workers employed in the coal extraction tunnels. Seven young men and two fathers were found dead.
 Location of the Saint Hyacinthe pit

From the 19th century to the present day

After the creation of the first glassworks in 1823, Aniche became, from the middle of the 19th century, the French capital of the window glass industry and went from 4,000 to 7,500 inhabitants in 1900. The Antoine Lumière & son plates and photographic papers Company (Lyon) were supplied by the Glassworks of the Station, better known under the name "Belotte Glass".

On 28 November 1900, 21 workers were killed by the explosion of 148 kg of dynamite in the Fenelon pit owned by the Aniche Mining Company.

The First World War caused a sharp slowdown in industrial activity and led to the destruction by the occupying power of the majority of installations before their departure in October 1918.

The occupation lasted 49 months from September 1914 to 20 October 1918 when the village was liberated by British forces. There were 314 war victims from Aniche: 299 at the front or from injuries and 15 civilian victims.

The period between the wars saw the decline of the mining industry with the cessation of operations of the last pit in 1938 and the final closure of the glassworks at the beginning of the Second World War.

Heraldry

Geography
Aniche is located some 15 km south-east of Douai and some 7 km north-west of Douchy-les-Mines in the heart of the old Ostrevent region. Access is by the D943 road from Bouchain in the south-east passing through the commune to the town. There is also the D645 from Auberchicourt in the west passing through the town and continuing east to Abscon. The D47 road comes from Bruille-lez-Marchiennes in the north passing through the town and continuing south-west to Monchecourt. More than half of the commune consists of the urban area of Aniche town with the rest of the commune in the east and south farmland.

Geology and terrain
On 27 December 1893, an earthquake occurred in the glass-making district which indicated a seismic risk that the coal mines then more or less took into account.

Communications and transport
Aniche is connected to Douai by bus route 1 (Aniche-Guesnain) which connects with Tram A (Guesnain-Douai) of the SMTC of Douai, as well as routes 211 (Guesnain-Denain via Aniche), 210 (Aniche-Somain), and 201 (Aniche-Villeneuve d'Ascq) operated by the Arc-en-Ciel network.

Phase 3 of Route A will link Aniche on the Évéole network of autobuses to Douai. The line will link the Champ de la Nation in the centre of town and pass along the Rue Henri-Barbusse.

The commune was served by rail transport through Aniche station which was demolished in 2010.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Source:

Toponymy
The name of Aniche (Anic) was mentioned for the first time in 1103 in a list of the possessions of the abbey of Marchiennes, then as Enice in 1113 and Henice in 1181. It was in 1219 that the name Aniche appears under the seal of Robert, Lord of Aniche and of Auberchicourt.

In Flemish, the commune is called Anik.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1930

Twin towns – sister cities

Aniche is twinned with:
 Bobingen, Germany (1969)
 Nový Bor, Czech Republic (1990)

Demography
According to historians, in 1540 Aniche had 47 fires of which 7 were of ploughmen (the others had no horse & carts or other animals). In 2017 the commune had 10,244 inhabitants.

Distribution of age groups
Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aniche and Nord Department in 2017

Source: INSEE

Culture and heritage

Sites and monuments

L'Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati. Its first show was on 23 November 1905. Demolished and rebuilted in 1995.
The Théodore Monod College is the largest college of the Academy of Lille
The Church of Saint Martin built in 1855-1859 by the architect Charles Leroy
The War Memorial 1914-1918 located in the Berrioz Square and opened on 9 November 1924 (314 victims from Aniche).
The College of Saint Joseph, a former hospital during the war.
Saint Joseph School
The pyramid

Notable people linked to the commune
1770: Auguste-Louis Lanvin
1780: Joseph-François Désiré born in Aniche on 19 September 1780, decorated with the Legion of Honour
1784: Joséphine Rostkowska, Polish heroine
1787: Napoléon Bonaparte (1769–1821), then a junior officer billeted in the Douai barracks. He passionated about the project of Lapérouse in his expedition around the world.
1810: Adolphe Patoux, native of Saint-Hilaire-lez-Cambrai, former glass blower, founded a glassworks at Aniche in 1864
1833: Robert Eugène des Rotours, Baron of Rotours (of Chaulieu), born at Aniche on 23 October 1833, died at Paris on 28 March 1895, a lawyer, counsellor for the préfecture (1861), Mayor of Avelin (1868-1888), Member of the Legislative Chamber from 2 February 1868 to 28 March 1895, municipal councillor then Mayor of Mérignies, and general counsel for the Canton of Orchies; married in Paris on 10 May 1859 to Emma Joséphine Ghislaine van den Hecke de Lambeke; buried in the church of Avelin with his wife.
1835: Charles Patoux, born at Aniche on 2 February 1835. Former Mayor of Aniche, Chevalier of the Legion of Honour with Adolphe Patoux, both buried in the family vault in the central aisle of the cemetery in Aniche.
1885: Léon Lehuraux, Méhariste officer, writer, and ethnologist, born at Aniche on 29 December 1885, died on 8 June 1956.

1880: Vincent van Gogh beginning in March 1880 he took his suitcase under his arm with some drawings and 10 francs to meet the painter Jules Breton who practiced at Courrières in the Pas-de-Calais. He took the train from Mons to Valenciennes, arriving in heavy rain and hurricane winds. To avoid the Forest of Raismes-Saint-Amand-Wallers, he travelled via Denain possibly by the horse-drawn tram shown on the map of the Arrondissement of Valenciennes then by Escaudain, Auberchicourt, Lewarde, then Douai to arrive at Courrières. Jules Breton was not there. His house and his workshop seemed too plush. The return trip was completely on foot in difficult conditions with a pilgrimage to Borinage. He sold some drawings for subsistence. On 24 September 1880 he wrote to his brother Theo that on the way back he finally found his way: painting. "It is for me to learn to draw or to be master of my pencil, or my charcoal, or my brush and once I got that I can do good work almost anywhere. Borinage is as picturesque as old Venice, Arabia, Brittany, Normandy, Picardy, or Brie". He still had ten years of life to achieve some 2,000 works.
1888: Louis Pol born at Aniche on 9 September 1888 and died there on 24 June 1958. A Glass worker; glassblower at the Union glassworks. From 1921-1955 he was Director of L'Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati; secretary of the rescue unit of glassworkers of Aniche from 1922 to reunification in 1935. As a member of the Communist Party, he was elected mayor in December 1932 but was revoked in February 1933 because of the virulence of his public actions at the head of the municipality. Elected deputy mayor in 1935, he was removed from office in 1939 under the Daladier Decree.
1909: Michel Leduc, born at Aniche on 12 March 1909, died at Six-Fours-les-Plages near Toulon (Var) on 15 November 1986. Artistic Director of the Opéra de Marseille for 12 years and Director of the Municipal theatre of Avignon for 17 years.
1912: Charles Fenain born in Aniche on 14 September 1912, died at Douai on 4 February 1997. Elected three times as Mayor of Douai, he held this position from 1965 to 1983. He was the architect of many achievements particularly in the field of urban planning and in heritage restoration at Douai and he worked for the development of industrial zones in Douai.
1921: Frédéric Deloffre, born 27 July 1921 in Aniche, died at Antony, Hauts-de-Seine, on 4 April 2008, academic, specialist in French literature of the 18th century, he was one of the founders in 1968 of the UNI organization in response to student protest movements.
1922: Norbert Ségard born in Aniche on 3 October 1922, died at Lille on 1 February 1981, physicist, French politician and minister.
1922: Georges Hugot (1922–2000), artist and sculptor, professor at the School of Fine Arts of Douai. He was the creator of numerous sculptures installed in Aniche such as the Monument of Glass and of Coal. Deputy Mayor of Aniche from 1983 to 1995, he initiated and developed cultural policy in the commune. He was responsible for the reconstruction of the "Ideal" cinema which was named L'Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati in 1995.
1925: Louis Thbaut, born in Aniche on 15 April 1925, 1st overall in the French dissertation competition in 1943, became a teacher and college professor. He resumed university studies in 1969 and obtained the title of Doctor of the 3rd cycle with a thesis on Pierre-Joseph Laurent. Co-founder of the Aniche Historical Society, he died on 9 August 1985 in Lozère and is buried in "the square of the poor" at Tortequesne.
1925: Lazare Gianessi, born in Aniche on 9 November 1925 and died on 11 August 2009 in Concarneau, a former international footballer.
1946: Jean Bodart President from 2001 to 2012 of Four Days of Dunkirk.
1950: Roger Facon, born in Monchecourt on 20 January 1950, he was oriented towards a career in animation before becoming a police investigator. Fascinated by the culture and especially writing, he became a polygrapher, paying particular attention to the occult and early literature. He found his way by publishing detective novels largely inspired by his professional experience. He led writing and theatrical expression workshops, created photo-novels which he sold to the public. In 2001 he was elected in Aniche and became assistant to culture; he created the biennial thriller that brings together fifty of the most famous people in this discipline.
1957: Michel Sanchez, musician.
1970: Valérie Bonneton, born at Somain, actress, ex-wife of François Cluzet.
1971: Pascal Françaix, writer, author of fantasy novels.
1976: François Jouvenet, president of Scheldt district football, President of the Nord-Pas de Calais Football league, and chairman of the Central Committee of the Coupe de France of Football, lived in Aniche for many years.
1980: Audrey Françaix, editor and French writer.

Folklore
Alexandre-Joseph Consil known as Kopierre was born in Auberchicourt, the neighbouring commune, on 25 May 1834 and died at the Aniche Hospice on 28 December 1909. He was Drum Major of the Saint-Cyr school during the 14 July parade in Paris in 1879. He was a picturesque character in Nord department.

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

External links

Aniche on Lion1906
Aniche on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aniche on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Hainaut


The 2008 Dimona bombing was a suicide attack carried out in Dimona, Israel on February 4, 2008 by Hamas. It is believed that Hamas leaders in the Gaza Strip ordered the operation without the knowledge of the Hamas politburo in Damascus.

The attack
On February 4, 2008, a Palestinian militant detonated an explosives belt at a shopping centre in Dimona, Israel.

The Israeli police managed to shoot dead an accomplice who was wounded in the first blast before he could detonate his own belt.

One Israeli woman was killed in the attack while nine other people were injured (one of them critically). It was the first 'successful' suicide attack against Israeli civilians since the Eilat bakery bombing on January 29, 2007.

The perpetrators
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine initially claimed responsibility, but the two Gazans they named as the attackers did not match the bodies found at the scene. Hamas claimed responsibility on February 5, naming the perpetrators as Muhammed Herbawi (محمد الحرباوي) and Shadi Zghayer (شادي الزغيّر), both from the Palestinian city of Hebron in the West Bank, the place which they are believed to have traveled from. Israeli intelligence believes the attack was ordered by Izzedine al Qassam Brigades commander Ahmed Jabari with the support of Gaza-based Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar; Jabari contacted an ally in Hebron's Qawasameh clan—Ayoub Qawasmeh—who recruited the eventual perpetrators from a local Hamas soccer team. Scott Atran states that the Hamas politburo in Damascus was not informed of the attack. Israel demolished Herbawi and Zghayer's homes, while "the Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades website went down for three days, presumably the result of an electronic attack after its bogus claim."

Israeli retaliation
On July 26, 2008, IDF and Israeli police forces killed Shihab Natsheh (25), a Hamas member from Hebron. Natsheh, according to the IDF, was the explosives engineer who prepared the demolition charge used to carry out the Dimona suicide bombing.

Government reactions
Involved parties
 : Prime Minister Ehud Olmert told a meeting of his Kadima party that Israel was fighting a "relentless war... against anyone who tries to harm Israeli citizens".
  Hamas spokesman Ayman Taha praised the bombing as a "glorious act" and said that it was a "natural reaction to months of killing" of Palestinians by the Israeli military.

International
 : Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs David Miliband condemned the attack in a press release and said: "Today’s attack, the first in Israel for a year, aimed to undermine the peace process. Terrorist atrocities must not deflect us from our shared goal of just and lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians based on a two state solution".
 : Department of State spokesman Sean McCormack condemned the attack during a press briefing and said: "All of these incidents point to the fact that we need to do everything that we possibly can, along with our partners in the international system, to help the Israelis and the Palestinians come to a political agreement and accommodation on the issues that separate them. At that point, the Palestinian people will be able to decide which pathway they want to go down; do they want to go down the pathway of having a Palestinian state or do they want to continue down a pathway represented by Hamas and other rejectionist groups that's a pathway of violence and that does not lead to a state".

References

Dimona bombing
2008 Dimona suicide bombing
February 2008 events in Asia
Hamas suicide bombings
2008 murders in Israel
Shopping mall bombings
Building bombings in Israel
February 2008 crimes


Armbouts-Cappel (; from ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

It is 7 kilometers south of the centre of Dunkirk.

Population

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Leffrinckoucke (; ; ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

Population

Twin towns

Leffrinckoucke is twinned with:
  Węgorzewo in Poland

In popular culture
The end scenes of the film Rosalie Blum were filmed at Leffrinckoucke in May 2015.

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Norden is a small unincorporated community in Nevada County, California, United States, about  west of Truckee.  The community is located on a former portion of U.S. Route 40 near Interstate 80 and lies along the historical First transcontinental railroad,  west of Donner Pass.

Near Norden is the Sugar Bowl Ski Resort and Donner Ski Ranch, located in nearby Placer County.

The Norden post office, named after the lake, opened in 1926, closed in 1943, and reopened in 1947, and is now closed. The nearby Donner post office operated from 1882 to 1926.

The place is named for Charles Van Norden, an official of the  South Yuba Water Company.  The dam was built in 1900 and the resulting lake was named after Van Norden.

The community has a population of 27 as of 2016.

Climate
Norden has a Köppen Climate Classification of Warm-Summer Mediterranean Climate abbreviated as Csb.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Nevada County, California


Lesdain () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)


Hollywood star can refer to:
 The Hollywood Star newspaper and magazine, a celebrity gossip publication of the 1970s.
 Movie stars, celebrities who are famous, for their starring, or leading, roles in motion pictures.
 The star system, the method of creating and promoting movie stars in classical Hollywood cinema.
 The Hollywood Walk of Fame, a sidewalk in Hollywood, Los Angeles, which is embedded with more than 2,000 five-pointed stars celebrating famous actors and movie characters

Two baseball teams have been known as the Hollywood Stars:
 Hollywood Stars, a Minor League Baseball team active from 1926 to 1935, and from 1938 to 1957
 Hollywood Stars (Pecos League), a professional baseball team competing in the Pecos league, founded in 2016


Amfroipret () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Population

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)