Charles à Court Repington, , (29 January 1858 – 25 May 1925), known until 1903 as Charles à Court, was an English soldier, who went on to have a second career as an influential war correspondent during the First World War. He is also credited with coining the term 'First World War' and one of the first to use the term 'world war' in general.

Early life
Charles à Court was born at Heytesbury, in the county of Wiltshire on 29 January 1858, the son of Charles Henry Wyndham A'Court Repington, M.P. His family name at birth was à Court. In his memoir, he later wrote: "The à Courts are Wiltshire folk, and in old days represented Heytesbury in Parliament... The name of Repington, under the terms of an old will, was assumed by all the à Courts in turn as they succeeded to the Amington Hall Estate, and I followed the rule when my father died in 1903." He received his early formal education at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

Military career
He commenced his military career as a commissioned infantry officer in 1878 with the British Army's Rifle Brigade. After serving in Afghanistan, Burma, and Sudan, he entered the Staff College at Camberley, where he was a brilliant student, and where his peers included the future senior generals Herbert Plumer and Horace Smith-Dorrien. On graduation from Staff College he served as a military attaché in Brussels and The Hague, following which he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He served as a staff officer during the Second Boer War in South Africa 1899–1901, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) during the conflict.

After returning from the war, what had appeared to be a promising military career was cut short during a posting to Egypt in 1902 where Repington re-engaged a romantic affair dating back to the late 1890s with Lady Garstin, the wife of a British official, William Garstin, which became public. He was reprimanded by senior military authorities, as he had given a written promise "upon his honour as a soldier and gentleman" previously to have no further dealings with her. He had given this "parole" to Henry Wilson (a friend of Mary Garstin's late father, who had been asked by her family to get involved) on 9 October 1899. Repington told Wilson – at Chieveley, near Colenso in South Africa, during the 2nd Boer War campaign in February 1901 – that he regarded himself as absolved from his promise to give Mary Garstin up after learning that her husband had been spreading rumours of his other infidelities. During the divorce proceedings, it was revealed that Repington had ignored warnings about his behaviour (i.e. had "broken his parole") and had continued with the affair. Wilson was unable or unwilling to confirm Repington's claim that he had released him from his parole in South Africa. Repington believed that Wilson had betrayed a fellow soldier in this, but was forced to resign his commission and retire from the British Army in social disgrace with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on 15 January 1902. In a subsequent career as a journalist, specializing in military matters, he was a strong critic of Wilson whenever the opportunity presented itself.

Military correspondent
On returning to London, he took a position as a military correspondent with the Morning Post (1902–1904), and The Times (1904–1918). His reports as a war correspondent from the scene of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904–1905 were later published as a book entitled The War in the Far East. Repington was an advocate of the creation of a larger British Army (at the expense of the then all-powerful, in Edwardian England, Royal Navy), which brought him into conflict with Admiral Fisher). He supported the creation of a British Army General Staff pre-World War I, feared a German "bolt from the blue" (i.e. an attack upon the British Isles by the German Empire before a declaration of hostilities), and was a "Westerner" (i.e., supported during the war the defeat of the German Empire by heavy fighting on the Western Front rather than pursuing an alternative indirect strategy). According to his memoir Vestigia, an unnamed Radical paper once called him "the gorgeous Wreckington", but this was a personal attack in reference to his divorce scandal.

During World War I Repington relied on his personal contacts in the British Army and the War Office for his information, and his early reporting of the war acquired important material from his personal friendship with the first Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Sir John French, via which he was able to visit the Western Front during the opening moves of the conflict in late 1914, at a time when most of his rival journalists were prohibited by the British Government from going to the war front.

Repington appears to be the first person to have used the term "First World War" on 10 September 1918 in a conversation noted in his diary, hoping that title would serve as a reminder and warning that the Second World War was a possibility in the future.

"Shells Scandal"
In May 1915, Repington personally witnessed the failed British attack at Aubers Ridge in Artois, and was particularly moved by the casualties sustained by his old Corps the Rifle Brigade in the action. He dispatched a telegram to The Times blaming a lack of artillery ammunition available for the British Expeditionary Force, which, despite being heavily censored, was printed after Sir John French's aide Brinsley Fitzgerald assured him of French's tacit approval. Repington later emphatically denied that French had spoken to him on the issue, but French had in fact supplied Repington with information for the story. The appearance of this story in The Times and later in the Daily Mail, resulted in a political scandal which contributed to the creation of a separate Ministry of Munitions under the future Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and a reduction in the power of the War Secretary Lord Kitchener. Such blatant meddling in politics also damaged the authority Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the B.E.F. and contributed to his enforced resignation from the post at the end of 1915. The affair had given Repington substantial influence over military policy via his newspaper reports, but he was personally temporarily prohibited from visiting the Western Front again until March 1916.

Prosecution under the Defence of the Realm Act
He resigned from The Times in January 1918 due to a disagreement with its proprietor, Lord Northcliffe, who after the German counterattack at the Battle of Cambrai had distanced himself from Field Marshal Douglas Haig's conduct of the war, and required journalists in his employ to do the same. Repington, unwilling to go along with this editorial policy returned to The Morning Post. On 16 February 1918, as part of the power struggle between Lloyd George (Prime Minister since December 1916) and the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Robertson, Repington along with the Morning Post's editor Howell Arthur Gwynne appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court charged with having contravened DORA Regulation 18 by publishing articles (on 11 February 1918) disclosing Lloyd George's attempts to bypass Robertson by setting up a rival staff under Henry Wilson at Versailles; Lloyd George's plans to re-focus British military effort away from the Western Front towards defeating the Ottoman Empire, and the Government's failure to keep the British Army on the Western Front up to required troop strength for offensive operations. Repington claimed that the crowd in attendance was the largest since the trial of Dr Crippen, and later claimed that Robertson had told him that he could no more afford to be seen with him than either of them "could afford to be seen walking down Regent Street with a whore". Repington was found guilty and was fined.

Repington was also a casualty of the Maurice Debate. On 12 May a two-page editorial in The Observer (written by the editor JL Garvin at the behest of the owner Waldorf Astor) attacked him and his reputation never fully recovered.

Later life
After the end of the war Repington joined the staff of The Daily Telegraph, and subsequently published several books. These works included The First World War (1920), and After the War (1922), which were bestsellers, but cost Repington friendships for his apparent willingness to report what others considered to have been private conversations.

Death
He died on 25 May 1925 at Pembroke Lodge in Hove, East Sussex. He was 67 years old.  His body was buried at Hove Cemetery, Old Shoreham Road.

Personal life
On 11 February 1882, Repington married Melloney Catherine (died 1934), daughter of Colonel Henry Sales Scobell, of Abbey House, Pershore, High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1872; she was a sister of Major-General Henry Jenner Scobell. The marriage produced four children: Charles Edward Geoffrey (1888-1889), (Melloney) Catherine ("Kitty") Isabel (1891–1965), Elizabeth Frances (1892-1950), and Violet Emily (1895-1898); they were judicially separated in 1902. Repington subsequently married Mary North (formerly Lady Garstin), and had a daughter, Laetitia Frances Mary, born in 1911.

Honours

Selected works
 1905 – The War in the Far East, London, J. Murray.
 1919 – Vestigia, Reminiscences of Peace and War, Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.
 1920 – The First World War, 1914–1918, Vol. I & Vol. II, London : Constable & Co.
 1922 – After the War; London–Paris–Rome–Athens–Prague–Vienna–Budapest–Bucharest–Berlin–Sofia–Coblenz–New York–Washington; a Diary, Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Further reading

 A. J. A. Morris: Reporting the First World War: Charles Repington, The Times and the Great War, 1914–1918, Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2015,

References

1858 births
1925 deaths
Burials in East Sussex
British military attachés
Military personnel from Wiltshire
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
British war correspondents
Rifle Brigade officers
People educated at Eton College
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
South African Light Horse officers
British military writers
War correspondents of the Russo-Japanese War
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst

Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George

Officers of the Legion of Honour


Xing Rongjie (; 1911 – 20 November 1997) was an army Founding General in China.

Xing was born in Heipei, China and started his career in the army in 1933 as a Mission Commander of the Defend Group, which joined the Chinese Republic Army in 1937.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Xing served in the following capacities:
 worked as the Captain of Ji West Guerrillas
 served as Command Chief of Staff and Commander of the Third Detachment, Yu Ji.
 Chief of Staff of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, Taihang Fifth Military Region
 Chief of Staff of the military subdistrict 34
 Chief of staff of the 8th Military Subdistrict

During the war of liberation, Xing served in the following capacities:
 District Chief of Staff of the Fifth Military Region of Daheng
 Chief of Staff of the Sixth Column 16 Jinjilushu Field Army Brigade
 Captain of Central Plains Area Military University
 Commander of the 36th Dvivsion.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xing:
 Became the Commander of the 3rd Corps
 Commander of the military subdistrict of East Sichuan Fuling Military Region
 Professor tactical trainers and Deputy Director of the Training Department of the Nanjing Military Academy
 Military attache of Socialist Republic of Vietnam Embassy
 Commander of Shaanxi Military District

In 1955, Xing was promoted to the rank of Major General, the first group of generals in China. He was listed one of the founding generals in China.

During his career, Xing was awarded the Medal of Freedom of Independent, and the Independent Liberation Medal.

1911 births
1997 deaths


AOTF may refer to:
 Acousto-optic tunable filter, a piezoelectric optical device
 American Occupational Therapy Foundation, a non-profit charitable, scientific and educational organization.
 Admiral of the Fleet, the highest rank in the British Royal Navy
AotF may refer to:
 The Age of the Fall (AF), a wrestling stable
 Army Of The Pharaohs (AP) - American hip-hop group

Acousto-optics#Acousto-optic_tunable_filter


High-g training is done by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration ('g'). It is designed to prevent a g-induced loss of consciousness (g-LOC), a situation when the action of g-forces moves the blood away from the brain to the extent that consciousness is lost.
Incidents of acceleration-induced loss of consciousness have caused fatal accidents in aircraft capable of sustaining high-g for considerable periods.

The value of training has been well established during the decades since the 1970s and has been the subject of much research and literature, and training has contributed to extending pilots' g tolerance in both magnitude and duration. Training includes centrifuge, Anti-g Straining Maneuvers (AGSM), and acceleration physiology.

Overview

As g-forces increase, visual effects include loss of colour vision ("greyout"), followed by tunnel vision (where peripheral vision is lost, retaining only the centre vision). If g-forces increase further, complete loss of vision will occur, while consciousness remains. These effects are due to a reduction of blood flow to the eyes before blood flow to the brain is lost, because the extra pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure) counters the blood pressure. The reverse effect is experienced in advanced aerobatic maneuvers under negative g-forces, where excess blood moves towards the brain and eyes ("redout").

The human body has different tolerances for g-forces depending on the acceleration direction. Humans can withstand a positive acceleration forward at higher g-forces than they can withstand a positive acceleration upwards. This is because when the body accelerates up at such high rates the blood rushes from the brain which causes loss of vision.

A further increase in g-forces will cause g-LOC where consciousness is lost. This is doubly dangerous because, on recovery as g is reduced, a period of several seconds of disorientation occurs, during which the aircraft can dive into the ground. Dreams are reported to follow g-LOC which are brief and vivid.

The g thresholds at which these effects occur depend on the training, age and fitness of the individual. An untrained individual not used to the g-straining maneuver can black out between 4 and 6 g, particularly if this is pulled suddenly. Roller coasters typically do not expose the occupants to much more than about 3 g. A hard slap on the face may impose hundreds of g-s locally but may not produce any obvious damage; a constant 15 g-s for a minute, however, may be deadly. A trained, fit individual wearing a g suit and practising the straining maneuver can, with some difficulty, sustain up to 9 g without loss of consciousness.

The human body is considerably more able to survive g-forces that are perpendicular to the spine. This is not true in 0 g when you strafe up; that is an eyeballs-down maneuver, which is the same force as a blackout where blood rushes to the feet, and this force is parallel to the spine. In general, when the g-force pushes the body forwards (colloquially known as 'eyeballs in') a much higher tolerance is shown than when g-force is pushing the body backwards ('eyeballs out') since blood vessels in the retina appear more sensitive to that direction.

G-suits

A g-suit is worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration and, hence, increasing positive g. It is designed to prevent a blackout and g-LOC, due to the blood pooling in the lower part of the body when under high-g, thus depriving the brain of blood.

Human centrifuge training

Human centrifuges are exceptionally large centrifuges that test the reactions and tolerance of pilots and astronauts to acceleration above those experienced in the Earth's gravity.

In the UK High-G training is provided at the High-G Training and Test Facility, RAF Cranwell using an AMST built human centrifuge. The facility trains Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and international students.

KBRwyle at Brooks City-Base in San Antonio, Texas, operates a human centrifuge. The centrifuge at Brooks is used to train USAF and USN aircrew for sustained high-g flight.

The use of large centrifuges to simulate a feeling of gravity has been proposed for future long-duration space missions. Exposure to this simulated gravity would prevent or reduce the bone decalcification and muscle atrophy that affect individuals exposed to long periods of free fall. An example of this can be seen aboard the Discovery spacecraft in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Human-rated centrifuges are made by AMST Systemtechnik in Austria (Austria Metall SystemTechnik), Latécoère in France, Wyle Laboratories and ETC in the US.

References

Flight training
Effects of gravitation
Acceleration


Janne Mattson Sjödahl (29 November 1853 – 23 June 1939) was a Swedish convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and was the author of influential commentaries on LDS Church scriptures. Sjödahl was among the first commentators to advance a "limited geography model" for the theorized geography of the Book of Mormon.

Early life and Baptist minister
Sjödahl was born in Karlshamn, Blekinge, Sweden. Sjödahl and his parents were members of the Lutheran Church of Sweden, but on 11 August 1869 he was baptized into the Baptist Church in Karlshamn. In 1870, Sjödahl entered the Baptist Bethel Seminary in Stockholm. He completed his studies in June 1872 and became the Baptist minister in Eskilstuna. In 1873, he became the Baptist minister in Västervik.

In 1874, Sjödahl moved to England and enrolled in Spurgeon's College in London, where he graduated with a degree in divinity in 1876. While in England, Sjödahl mastered English and also specialized in Greek and Hebrew. In addition to knowing Swedish and Norwegian from his childhood, Sjödahl would also master the German, Icelandic, and Arabic languages.

From 1876 to 1886, Sjödahl was the Baptist preacher in Trondheim, Norway. In 1879, he was elected as the inaugural general secretary of the Norwegian Baptist Union.

On 28 August 1879, Sjödahl married Ane Marie Johnson. His wife died on 16 August 1883 a few weeks after giving birth to their second child, who also died around the same time.

Excommunication and conversion to Mormonism
On 8 June 1886, Sjödahl was excommunicated from the Baptist Church, possibly on charges of adultery. Around the same time, Sjödahl became associated with Ferdinand Friis Hintze, a Danish missionary from the LDS Church. Following his excommunication, Sjödahl travelled to Utah Territory to further investigate Mormonism. On the sea journey, his son Janne Jr. died.

After arriving in Utah Territory, Sjödahl settled in Sanpete County, where a large number of Scandinavian Latter-day Saints had settled. On 7 October 1886, Sjödahl was baptized into the LDS Church in Manti.

Life in Manti
Upon settling in Manti, Sjödahl became the editor of the Manti Sentinel newspaper.

When the LDS Church's Manti Utah Temple was completed in May 1888, Sjödahl became the first individual to receive his Endowment in the new temple. On 30 May 1888, Sjödahl and Christina Christofferson were married in the Manti Temple by Apostle Francis M. Lyman; they were the first couple married in the new temple. His second wife died in 1910.

Church translator and missionary
In 1888, Sjödahl completed a church-approved translation of the LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants into Swedish. In 1927, Sjödahl translated the Pearl of Great Price into Swedish, and in 1935 he completed the third revised translation of the Book of Mormon into Swedish.

Upon the completion of the translation, Sjödahl was asked by church president Wilford Woodruff to go on a mission to Palestine. In January 1889. Sjödahl arrived in Jaffa. He learned to speak Arabic and preached in Palestine for one year, organizing a branch of the church in Jaffa. In January 1890, Sjödahl was asked to go to Bern, Switzerland to complete his mission. He arrived back in Utah Territory in July 1890.

Newspaper editor and publications
Upon returning to Utah, Sjödahl became employed by the Deseret News newspaper in Salt Lake City. From 1906 to 1914, Sjödahl was the chief editor of the newspaper. In 1914, Sjödahl returned to England and became an editor of the LDS Church's Millennial Star in Liverpool.

In 1917, Sjödahl and LDS Church Apsotle Hyrum M. Smith, who was the president of the church's European Mission, together worked on A Commentary on the Doctrine and Covenants. While Sjödahl wrote most of the text, it was reviewed and approved by Smith. When Doctrine and Covenants Commentary was first published in 1919 in Liverpool, it was a church-approved publication and only Smith was listed as an author. However, subsequent publication of Doctrine and Covenants Commentary have acknowledged Sjödahl as its coauthor. Doctrine and Covenants Commentary is still cited frequently by Latter-day Saint authors and commentators.

Upon returning to Utah in 1919, Sjödahl became an editor for the church's Improvement Era magazine, in which he published more than 50 of his own articles.  In 1920, Sjödahl worked with George F. Richards and James E. Talmage in revising the footnotes in the Book of Mormon; Sjödahl's work was incorporated into the LDS Church's 1920 English edition of that publication. In 1923 and 1924, he assisted Talmage in revising his church-approved book Articles of Faith.

In 1927, Sjödahl published An Introduction to the Study of the Book of Mormon, an apologetic work and one of the founding works in the area of Book of Mormon studies. In this work, Sjödahl advanced an early version of the "limited geography model" of the Book of Mormon, one of the first authors to do so.

Sjödahl was also the editor of the LDS Church's German, Danish–Norwegian, Dutch, and Swedish newspapers in Salt Lake City from 1919 until they ceased publication in 1935.

When Sjödahl died in 1939, he had partially completed an extensive commentary on the Book of Mormon. In 1955, Sjödahl's material was taken by his son-in-law, Philip C. Reynolds, and combined with some materials by church general authority George Reynolds and published under their names the seven-volume Commentary on the Book of Mormon. In 1965, Philip Reynolds published under the same names Commentary on the Pearl of Great Price.

Publications
George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjödahl (1955) (Philip C. Reynolds, ed.). Commentary on the Book of Mormon (7 vols.) (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Press)
 —— and —— (1965) (Philip C. Reynolds, ed.). Commentary on the Pearl of Great Price (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Press)
Janne M. Sjödahl (1927). An Introduction to the Study of the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Press)
—— (1913). The Reign of Antichrist, or, The Great Falling Away: A Study in Ecclesiastical History (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Press)
Hyrum M. Smith and Janne M. Sjödahl (1955, 2d ed.). The Doctrine and Covenants Containing Revelations Given to Joseph Smith Jr., the Prophet, with an Introduction and Historical and Exegetical Notes (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News Press) [originally published in 1919 as A Commentary on the Doctrine and Covenants]

See also
David S. King: grandson
Jody Olsen: great-granddaughter

Notes

References
Andrew Jenson. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, vol. 3, s.v. "Sjodahl, Janne Mattson"

Brent G. Lundgren, "Janne Mattson Sjodahl – Baptist Minister, Convert to Mormonism, Editor, Author and Missionary", MA Thesis, Brigham Young University, 1971

1853 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Baptist ministers
19th-century Mormon missionaries
American newspaper editors
Book of Mormon studies
Converts to Mormonism from Baptist denominations
Deseret News people
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
English newspaper editors
English male journalists
English–Swedish translators
Latter Day Saint writers
Mormon missionaries in Palestine (region)
Mormon missionaries in Switzerland
People excommunicated by Baptist churches
People from Karlshamn
People from Manti, Utah
Writers from Salt Lake City
Swedish emigrants to the United States
Swedish Mormon missionaries
Swedish Latter Day Saints
Translators of the Book of Mormon
Mormon missionaries in the Ottoman Empire
Book of Mormon scholars
Missionary linguists


Chacko Vadaketh (born 1963 in Kerala, India) is a Malaysian actor, emcee and voice over artist, formerly a litigation lawyer who is part of the Malayali/Keralan Syrian Christian community. He is based in Kuala Lumpur and Los Angeles.

Recent credits include narrator for the Nat Geo/History Channel Asia series Road to Nationhood (2016-2018), host for the Royal Gala for The Prince of Wales in Kuala Lumpur (2017), Coach Tharman in Anak Merdeka (ASTRO 2017), King Bimbisara in Amrapali Singapore (2017), Co-Star in BBC One series Our Girl (2018), Guest Star in Cinemax UK/US series Strike Back (2019), The Bridge (HBO Asia, viu, 2018). Chacko was Sabo Singh in Singapore for all three seasons of sitcom Mr Kiasu (2002): nominated for Best Comedy, Asian Television Awards and played the villain Sarkar opposite Antonio Sabàto Jr. in the movie Princess of Mars (2009).

In August 2023, he was appointed to a two-year term on the Board of the Film Development Corporation of Malaysia (FINAS).

Early life

Family
His father Tan Sri V.C. George, son of Chacko of Vadaketh house, is a former judge of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia and past president of the Malaysian Bar, and his mother Puan Sri Datin Dr. Rebecca George was a Consultant Paediatrician who moved to Malaysia from India after her marriage in 1962 and worked at the Seremban and Kuala Lumpur General Hospitals and retired as Associate Professor of Paediatrics at University of Malaya Medical Center. She is a pioneer in the study and treatment of Dengue Virus Infection in children, authoring textbooks on it and was a consultant for the WHO. His father was born in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia and his mother in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India and both are of the Keralan Syrian Christian community.

School
His primary schooling was in The Garden School and Batu Road School both in Kuala Lumpur. He secured a place to do his secondary education at the Victoria Institution, Kuala Lumpur where he remained for 5 years before going to Haileybury in Hertfordshire, England to do his A levels.

University & Acting schools
He has a degree in Law and Archaeology & Anthropology from Cambridge University (Pembroke College) and is a Barrister-at-Law of Lincoln's Inn, London.

He studied at the New School, New York by taking classes in Acting for Film and Television; Directing for the Stage and Introduction to Film Making. He studied acting at the Carter Thor Studios, Los Angeles.

His first encounter with Drama and acting was in his pre-teen years under the tutelage of Donald Davies who taught Speech and Drama in Kuala Lumpur at the Federal Academy of Music. He also sang with the church choir was active in church theatre productions at the St Thomas Marthoma Syrian Church in Kuala Lumpur. He got hooked on acting as an undergraduate at Cambridge University playing roles like Othello, Benvolio and Siddhartha. He played Abanaza in musical pantomime for the Cambridge University Light Entertainment Society. CULES with Prince Edward at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

Work
He was a litigator with the law firm Shearn Delamore based in Kuala Lumpur.

Acting career

Filmography
Shadowplay ... Hans the Hoarder (2019)
Tie the Knot ... Dilip (2016)
Battle Scars ... Dr. Shah (2015)
Life in Color ... Sangie (voice) (2015)
Booze Boys & Brownies ... Frances Turquoise (2014)
The Pink Sorrys (Short) ... Jimmy (2014)
Arachnoplilia (Short) ... Puri (2013)
Paranormal Whacktivity ... George (2013)
SALADIN (animated TV Series) ... super villain The Host (voice) (2012)
Use Me Up (Short) ... Lily's Co-worker (2012)
I Am Singh ... Muslim Community Leader (2011)
Little Blue Pill ... Commercial Director (2010)
Blue Movies (Short) ... Sayed Mahmoud (2009)
Princess of Mars ... Sarka / Sab Than (2009)
The Blue Mansion ... Additional Voice (2009)
1957: Hati Malaya ... EEC Thuraisingam (2007)
Entrapment ... Principal (1999)

Television
Strike Back ... Professor Shah (2019)
That Squirrel DID WHAT?! ... Sergio (2015)
Paloma ... Motivational Speaker (2014)
The Bold and the Beautiful ... Muhammed (2014)
Susanna ... Driver (2013)
In Plain Sight ... Abu Patek (2012)
Rules of Engagement - Episode: Rug-of-War ... Ravi (2010)
The Forgotten ... Bellhop (2010)
Mr. Kiasu ... Sabo Singh (2002)
AlterAsians ... Dr. Sam (2000)
The Bridge ... Anil Raj (2018)

Documentary
Kaleidoscope of Rainforest Conservation ... written, directed, narrated and produced by Chacko Vadaketh (2022)
Road to Nationhood (Nat Geo/History Channel Asia series) ... Narrator (2016-2018)
Confessions of a Self-Hating Jew ... Yoga Student #1 (2012)
Aftermath with William Shatner ... Jessica's Iraqi Doctor (2010)
The Big Durian ... Self (2003)

Theatre
Roles in Kuala Lumpur including
Tales from the Scars (2019)
Love Story (2017)
Shakespeare Goes Bollywood (2016)
Love Journey – A Nation Of Two (2015)
King Arthur (Camelot)
Capulet (Romeo & Juliet)
Nehru (Sindhu-A tribute to Nehru)

References

External links
 Personal homepage chackovadaketh.com
 X @chackovadaketh
 Instagram @chackovadaketh

 Profile at actors access

Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Malayali descent
Living people
Malaysian male actors
20th-century Malaysian lawyers
1963 births


The 50th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 4 May 2008 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. For the first time in the Logie Awards 50-year history, there was no host for the ceremony, but only a series of presenters. Also for the first time, the public were able to vote online for the "Most Popular" categories without needing to buy a copy of TV Week. The nominations were announced on 7 April 2008. Hamish Blake and Andy Lee were the backstage hosts, while Jules Lund, Livinia Nixon and Shelley Craft were the red carpet arrivals hosts.

Winners and nominees
In the tables below, winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

Gold Logie

Acting/Presenting

Most Popular Programs

Most Outstanding Programs

Performers
Top 10 finalists from So You Think You Can Dance Australia
The Last Goodnight – "Pictures of You"
Westlife – "Something Right"
Vanessa Amorosi – "Perfect"
Chris Lilley as Mr G – "Naughty Girl"

Hall of Fame
John Clarke became the 25th inductee into the TV Week Logies Hall of Fame.

References

External links

2008
2008 television awards
2008 in Australian television
2008 awards in Australia


The Everett Mountains are a mountain range located at Frobisher Bay on southern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. Nunavut's capital city Iqaluit is protected by the Everett Mountains. The mountain range is a subrange of the Arctic Cordillera.

See also
List of mountain ranges

References

Arctic Cordillera
Mountain ranges of Baffin Island


Andrewsite is a now discredited mineral originally reported at the Wheal Phoenix mine, near Liskeard in Cornwall. It was named for Thomas Andrews FRS, the English chemist.

It has been shown to be a mixture of hentschelite and rockbridgeite, with minor chalcosiderite.

References

Maskelyne, N. S. (1871) Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science, London: 24: 99.
Maskelyne, N. S. (1875) 'On Andrewsite and Chalkosiderite' Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 28: 586-591
Frondel, C. (1949) 'The Dufrenite Problem', American Mineralogist: 34: 513–540.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837–1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 802–803.
Dunn, Pete J. (1990), 'Andrewsite and laubmannite formally discredited', American Mineralogist 75, 1197-1199(1990)

Minerals


Eucalyptus eudesmioides, commonly known as mallalie, desert gum or mallabie is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a rounded, bushy mallee with smooth bark, egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, club-shaped flower buds arranged in groups of three, whitish flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit.

Description
Eucalyptus eudesmioides is a mallee, sometimes a tree, that typically grows to  high, occasionally up to  but usually less than , and forms a lignotuber. It usually has smooth white to grey or brownish bark, sometimes with a rough, fibrous grey to brown bark near the base of the trunk. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs and  long,  wide. Adult leaves are also arranged in opposite pairs and are lance-shaped to curved,  long and  wide on a petiole  long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on a peduncle  long, the individual buds on a pedicel  long. Mature buds are club-shaped,  long and  wide with a rounded to flattened operculum, the stamens in bundles. Flowering occurs from February to May and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cylindrical to barrel-shaped capsule  long and  wide with the valves at or near the level of the rim.

Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus eudesmioides was first formally described in 1860 by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, initially as Eucalyptus eudesmoides in his book Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. The original name is an orthographical variant of E. eudesmioides.

The specific epithet (eudesmioides) is a reference to the Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia. The ending -oides is a Latin suffix meaning "likeness".

Mallalie is the Noongar name for the species.

Distribution and habitat
Mallalie occurs coastally and subcoastally from  north of Perth northwards to the Murchison River. The range extends from Carnarvon in the Gascoyne south to Wongan Hills in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. It grows in sandy soil on flat or low sloping areas in mallee woodland. It is one of the eucalypts identified in the Eurardy Reserve, a reserve that was established as a bush heritage property in 2011.

Two subspecies, not yet formally described, are recognised by the Australian Plant Census:
 Eucalyptus eudesmioides subsp. Pallida;
 Eucalyptus eudesmioides subsp. Selachiana.

Conservation status
This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

See also
List of Eucalyptus species

References

Trees of Australia
Eucalypts of Western Australia
Myrtales of Australia
eudesmoides
Mallees (habit)
Plants described in 1860
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller


Castle Newnham School is a coeducational all-through school located over two sites in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England.

The school was formed in January 2016 from the merger of Castle Lower School on Goldington Road and Newnham Middle School on Polhill Avenue. The new school has also expanded its age range up to 16. In addition, Hazeldene Lower School on Stancliffe Road has formed a soft federation with Castle Newnham School, with graduating pupils from Hazeldene Lower School expected to attend Castle Newnham School. It used to be Newnham Middle School which was made in the 1960s.

Today, Castle Newnham is a foundation school administered by Bedford Borough Council and the Newnham Castle Hazeldene Federation. The school offers GCSEs as programmes of study for pupils.

References

External links
 Castle Newnham School official website

Schools in Bedford
Foundation schools in the Borough of Bedford
Secondary schools in the Borough of Bedford
Primary schools in the Borough of Bedford


Marianne Rokne (born March 9, 1978) is a Norwegian team handball player and World champion from 1999. She received a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bergen
Norwegian female handball players
Olympic handball players for Norway
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Gund is a manufacturer of plush stuffed toys, one of the first manufactures of Teddy bears .

Gund or gunde may also refer to:

People
Agnes Gund, President Emerita of the Museum of Modern Art and member of the Board of Trustees of the National Council on the Arts
Gordon Gund, CEO of Gund Investment Corporation and the owner of various U.S. sports teams
Graham Gund, president and founder of Gund Partnership, an architecture firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Gunde Svan, a former Swedish cross country skier and auto racing driver

Other
Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, an environmental institute housed at the University of Vermont
Gund, the historical name of the Indian village of Kanihama

See also
Gundi (disambiguation)
Gundy (disambiguation)


Brazilian Press is a Brazilian, Portuguese language newspaper in the United States, with the largest circulation of any US Brazilian newspaper in 11 states. Their offices are at 78 Fillmore St, in the Ironbound neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey. This neighborhood has a strong Portuguese and Brazilian community.

History and current management
The President, Silvio De Souza, founded the company in 1997. His wife, Daniele De Souza, is a supervisor at the company.

External links
 Brazilian Press Home Page

References

The MetroWest Daily (Massachusetts), August 5, 2002 "Brazilian press links immigrants to homeland," By Liz Mineo

Brazilian-American culture in New Jersey
Newspapers established in 1997
Portuguese-language newspapers published in the United States
Companies based in Newark, New Jersey
Newspapers published in New Jersey
Portuguese-American culture in New Jersey
Non-English-language newspapers published in New Jersey
Mass media in Newark, New Jersey


La Nuit du carrefour may refer to:

 Maigret at the Crossroads, 1931 novel by Georges Simenon
 Night at the Crossroads, 1932 film adaptation of the novel by Jean Renoir


The Cuvette Centrale (French: "Central Basin") is a region of forests and wetlands in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some definitions consider the region to extend into the Republic of the Congo as well. It lies in the center of the Congo Basin, bounded on the west, north and east by the arc of the Congo River.

Description
A lake covered the region during the Pliocene epoch, which was gradually filled with sediments, and the surface of the basin is very flat. Slow-moving tributaries of the Congo, including the Lopori, Maringa, Ikelemba, Tshuapa, Lomela and Lokoro, drain westward.

The region lies on the equator, where the climate is tropical and humid. Rainfall averages 2,000 mm annually.

The Eastern Congolian swamp forests extend along the Congo River and its chief tributaries, and cover wide areas in the western portion of the Cuvette Centrale. These swamp forests are seasonally or permanently flooded. The Central Congolian lowland forests extend across the remaining portion of the region. The swamp forests are home to endangered species of megafauna, including lowland gorillas and forest elephants.

Climate change

In 2017, it was discovered that 40% of the Cuvette Centrale wetlands are underlain with a dense layer of peat, which contains around 30 petagrams (billions of tons) of carbon. This amounts to 28% of all tropical peat carbon, equivalent to the carbon contained in all the forests of the Congo Basin. In other words, while this peatland only covers 4% of the Congo Basin area, its carbon content is equal to that of all trees in the other 96%. It was then estimated that if all of that peat burned, the atmosphere would absorb the equivalent of 20 years of current United States carbon dioxide emissions, or three years of all anthropogenic  emissions.

This threat prompted the signing of Brazzaville Declaration in March 2018: an agreement between Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo and Indonesia (a country with longer experience of managing its own tropical peatlands) aiming to promote better management and conservation of this region. However, 2022 research by the same team which had originally discovered this peatland not only revised its area (from the original estimate of  to 167,600 ) and depth (from  to () but also noted that only 8% of this peat carbon is currently covered by the existing protected areas. For comparison, 26% of its peat is located in the areas open to logging, mining or palm oil plantations, and nearly all of this area is open for fossil fuel exploration.

Even in the absence of local disturbance from these activities, this area is the most vulnerable store of tropical peat carbon in the world, as its climate is already much drier than that of the other tropical peatlands in the Southeast Asia and the Amazon Rainforest. A 2022 study suggests that the geologically recent conditions between 7,500 years ago and 2,000 years ago were already dry enough to cause substantial peat release from this area, and that these conditions are likely to recur in the near future under continued climate change. In this case, Cuvette Centrale would act as one of the tipping points in the climate system at some yet unknown time.

References

 Toham, Andre Kamdem et al., eds. (2006). A Vision for Biodiversity Conservation in Central Africa: Biological Priorities for Conservation in the Guinean-Congolian Forest and Freshwater Region. World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC. Page A-55.

Ecoregions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Freshwater ecoregions of Africa
Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Regions of Africa


Poteaux-sur-sol ("posts on a sill" – sol is also spelled sole and solle) is a style of timber framing in which relatively closely spaced posts rest on a timber sill. Poteaux-en-terre and pieux-en-terre are similar, but the closely spaced posts extend into the ground rather than resting on a sill on a foundation, and therefore are a type of post in ground construction. Poteaux-sur-sol is similar to the framing style known in the United Kingdom as close studding. Poteaux-sur-sol has also, confusingly, been used for other types of timber framing which have a sill timber such as post-and-plank, but this is considered incorrect by some scholars.

Poteaux-sur-sol is a part of American historic carpentry but is known by its French name in North America, as it was used by French and French-Canadian people in the region historically known as New France.  Besides its appearance in French colonial architecture, it was also used in the 19th century by Ukrainian peasants living on the open steppes, or anywhere there was a timber shortage.

United States
In the present-day United States, houses in this style can be found in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri; Prairie du Rocher, Illinois, and former French settlements in Louisiana—all former parts of New France (La Louisiane). Most are listed on the National Register of Historic Places; Maison Bolduc is a National Historic Landmark.

Canada

Gallery

See also
French architecture
French colonization of the Americas
Creole House
Pierrotage

References

Timber framing

Colonial architecture in the United States
French colonial architecture
Architecture in Ukraine
New France
French-Canadian culture in the United States
French-American culture in Missouri
Missouri culture


Banknotes of Scotland are the banknotes of the pound sterling that are issued by three Scottish retail banks and in circulation in Scotland. The issuing of banknotes by retail banks in Scotland is subject to the Banking Act 2009, which repealed all earlier legislation under which banknote issuance was regulated, and the Scottish and Northern Ireland Banknote Regulations 2009. Currently, three retail banks are allowed to print notes for circulation in Scotland: Bank of Scotland, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Clydesdale Bank.

Scottish banknotes are unusual, first because they are issued by retail banks, not government central banks, and second, because they are technically not legal tender anywhere in the United Kingdom. Scottish bank notes are not legal tender even in Scotland, where, in law, no banknotes, even those issued by the Bank of England, are defined as legal tender.  Formally, they are classified as promissory notes, and the law requires that the issuing banks hold a sum of Bank of England banknotes or gold equivalent to the total value of notes issued.

The fact that the notes are not defined as legal tender means that they are not withdrawn from circulation in the same way as the Bank of England notes, which cease to be legal tender on a given date. Instead, the Scottish banks withdraw old notes from circulation as they are banked. Any notes still in circulation continue to be honoured by banks, but retailers may refuse to accept older notes.

Banknotes
For ease of identification, all three issuing banks in Scotland use the same principal colour for each denomination: Blue for £5, brown for £10, purple for £20, red for £50, and turquoise for £100. This colour scheme is similar to current Bank of England notes (except that the Bank of England does not issue a £100 note). The size of the notes is also consistent across the three Scottish banks and the Bank of England.

Bank of Scotland notes

All Bank of Scotland notes bear a portrait of Sir Walter Scott on the front in commemoration of his 1826 Malachi Malagrowther campaign for Scottish banks to retain the right to issue their own notes. The Bank of Scotland's 2007 series of banknotes is known as the Bridges of Scotland series. These notes were introduced on 17 September 2007, and show Scotland's most famous bridges on the reverse side. From 2016, the Bridges of Scotland series is being renewed with the issue of new polymer notes with designs that follow the same basic theme of bridges. The Tercentenary and 2007 series of notes are being withdrawn from circulation and replaced with the polymer series as these are issued, but older notes continue to be accepted at banks. In line with this, the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange non-polymer five and ten pound notes before 1 March 2018, and twenty and fifty pound notes before 30 September 2022

Royal Bank of Scotland notes

From May 2020 the Royal Bank of Scotland adopted a new series of banknotes, made of polymer. The £5 note shows poet Nan Shepherd on the obverse accompanied by a quote from her book The Living Mountain, and the Cairngorms in the background. The reverse displays two mackerel and an excerpt from the Scottish Gaelic poem ‘The Choice’ by Sorley MacLean. The obverse of the £10 note shows scientist Mary Somerville, with a quote from her work The Connection of the Physical Sciences, and Burntisland beach in the background. The reverse displays two otters and an excerpt from the poem ‘Moorings’ by Norman MacCaig. The obverse of the £20 note shows entrepreneur Catherine Cranston. The reverse shows two red squirrels and a quote from the Scots-language poem 'Venus and Cupid' by Mark Alexander Boyd. The obverse of the £50 note, in red to mirror the Bank of England £50 notes, depicts educationalist Flora Stevenson on its obverse and an osprey on the reverse.

The design process of the notes was touted as a "collaboration with the people of Scotland", with a total of 1,178 Scots being included. Nile HQ, a Strategic Design Company led the redesign process and De La Rue printed the notes. Each note contributes to an overall theme ‘Fabric of Nature’. Given the national significance of the notes, Nile HQ invited some Scottish designers, photographers and calligraphers to develop the creative concept for the new notes (O Street, Graven Images, Timorous Beasties, Stuco and Susie Leiper).

The previous series of Royal Bank of Scotland notes, originally issued in 1987, is in the process of being replaced by a polymer series: the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange non-polymer five and ten pound notes before 1 March 2018, and twenty and fifty pounds before 30 September 2022. On the front of each note is a picture of Lord Ilay (1682–1761), the first governor of the bank, based on a portrait painted in 1744 by the Edinburgh artist Allan Ramsay. The front of the notes also features an engraving of the bank's former headquarters in St Andrew Square, Edinburgh. The background graphic on both sides of the notes is a radial star design which is based on the ornate ceiling of the banking hall in the old headquarters building. On the back of the notes are images of Scottish castles, with a different castle for each denomination.

Occasionally the Royal Bank of Scotland issues commemorative banknotes. Examples are the £1 note issued to mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Graham Bell in 1997, the £20 note for the 100th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2000, the £5 note honouring veteran golfer Jack Nicklaus in his last competitive Open Championship at St Andrews in 2005, and the £10 note commemorating HM Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee in 2012. These notes are much sought after by collectors.

Clydesdale Bank notes

Clydesdale Bank's polymer series came into circulation in March 2015, when the Clydesdale Bank became the first bank in Great Britain to issue polymer banknotes. The £5 commemorative notes, issued to mark the 125th anniversary of the construction of the Forth Bridge, contain several new security features including a reflective graphic printed over a transparent window in the banknote. The public were encouraged to spend or exchange non-polymer five and ten pound notes before 1 March 2018 and twenty and fifty pound notes before 30 September 2022.

The polymer notes continue the theme of the World Heritage Series of paper banknotes, introduced in autumn 2009. The new notes each depict a different notable Scot on the front and on the reverse bear an illustration of one of Scotland's UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Banknotes of the earlier Famous Scots Series portray notable Scottish historical people along with items and locations associated with them.

The Clydesdale Bank also occasionally issues special-edition banknotes, such as a £10 note celebrating the bank's sponsorship of the Scotland team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Following the announcement of the CYBG's takeover of Virgin Money in 2018 and planned phasing-out of the Clydesdale Bank brand by 2021 in favour of Virgin Money, there was uncertainty as to the future of the Clydesdale Bank's banknotes after 2021. In June 2019, the company confirmed that it would continue to issue notes under the Clydesdale Bank name. However, they became rarer from 2020 after the bank withdrew from contracts to supply cash machines run by rival lenders, meaning they could no longer be withdrawn from Santander, TSB, Co-op or Asda machines.

See also

Banknotes of the pound sterling
Banknotes of Northern Ireland
 People on Scottish banknotes
Scottish coinage
 Pound Scots, the currency of Scotland prior to the Acts of Union 1707. It did not use banknotes.

References

External links
The Committee of Scottish Bankers at scotbanks.org.uk
Banknotes from Scotland at Numista

Currencies with multiple banknote issuers


Lipice is a village in the municipality of Brinje in Lika-Senj County, Croatia, located about  from Gospić. According to 2001 census, Lipice had 254 inhabitants, of which 100% were Croats.

History
Lipice was first mentioned in writing in 1638.

Population
The population of Lipice peaked in the early 20th century.

References

Populated places in Lika-Senj County


Frederick Thomas Kirkham (died 1949) was an English domestic and international football referee, and briefly the football manager for Tottenham Hotspur between 1907 and 1908.

Career as referee
Kirkham was a well-known domestic referee who also had a job as a commercial traveller. He took charge of the 1906 FA Cup Final. He had also taken charge of 11 "A" International matches between 1903 and 1907, including Wales vs. Scotland on 9 March 1903, and was considered in the top three of world referees. Other Scotland matches he refereed were against Ireland on 26 March 1904 and Wales on 6 March 1905

Fred Kirkham also refereed a match between Belgium and Netherlands on 9 March 1913.

Despite claims to the contrary, he did not referee the 1902 FA Cup Final - this was Tom Kirkham from Burslem.

Career as football manager
Just one week after refereeing a Southern League match between Spurs and Watford he was a surprise appointment as manager of Tottenham Hotspur on 22 April 1907. The club's history records that "He was not a success as a manager, unpopular with players and fans alike and it was no surprise when, after the settlement of his contract, he resigned in 1908." (27 July). His record as a manager is recorded as: played 52, won 25, drew 8 and lost 19.

References

External links
List of all international matches refereed by Fred Kirkham
Photograph of Kirkham from 1905

Date of birth unknown
1949 deaths
Sportspeople from Preston, Lancashire
English football managers
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. managers
English football referees
FA Cup final referees


Brynjar Lia (born 14 July 1966) is a Norwegian historian and professor of Middle East Studies at Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages at the University of Oslo. He is also an adjunct research professor at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) where he headed FFI's research on international terrorism and global jihadism between 1999 and 2011. Lia is viewed as one of Norway's foremost experts on terrorism and is much cited in Norwegian and international media in connection to Al-Qaeda and international terrorism. Lia's last book is about Abu Musab al-Suri, which has been reviewed in publications like Newsweek, The Economist, London Review of Books, and The New York Review of Books.

Bibliography of books in English
 Architect of Global Jihad: The Life of Al Qaeda Strategist Abu Mus'ab Al-Suri (Columbia Univ. Press, 2008)
 Building Arafat's Police: The Politics of International Police Assistance in the Palestinian Territories After the Oslo Agreement (Ithaca Press, 2007)
 A Police Force Without a State: A History of the Palestinian Security Forces in the West Bank And Gaza (Ithaca Press, 2006)
 Globalisation and the Future of Terrorism: Patterns and Predictions (Routledge, 2005)
 The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt 1928-42 (Ithaca Press, 1998)

External links
 Brynjar Lia's website at the University of Oslo
 FFI explains al-Qaida document, regarding a pre-warning found on the Internet about the Madrid 2004 bombing
 Dr Brynjar Lia's "The al-Qaida Strategist Abu Mus'ab al-Suri: A Profile", from Counterterrorism blog
 Newsweek article about Abu Musab al-Suri with comments from Lia
Book review of Architect of Global Jihad (The Economist, 2007)
Book review of Architect of Global Jihad (London Review of Books, 2008)
The growth of 'online Jihadism' (BBC World, 26 October 2006)
Jihadi Suicide Bombers: The New Wave (The New York Review of Books, June 2008)

1966 births
Living people
Historians of Europe
20th-century Norwegian historians
21st-century Norwegian historians


King's Wood School was a secondary school in Harold Hill near Romford, London Borough of Havering, England. It was a mixed school of non-denominational religion. The School's last Headteacher was Mrs Marian Spinks, who had been the Headteacher since January 2008, returning from a secondment as Senior Inspector (Performance) with Havering Inspection and Advisory Service.

History
The school was originally opened in 1953-54 as Harrowfield Secondary Modern School (there were separate boys' and girls' schools). Because of falling roll numbers, in 1973 Harrowfield was merged with the nearby Quarles School to form the Neave Comprehensive School; by 1976, all Quarles pupils had moved to the Harrowfield site.

King's Wood School was under special measures in 2004, but with the hard work of staff and students the school came out of special measures six months ahead of schedule and became a specialist technology college September 2007. Ofsted revisited the school to monitor progress and in March 2009 reported that sustained progress had been made across the school; results had risen rapidly over the last two years and the overall progress made by students was good. This was due to the strong leadership across the school and a community team ethos which continued to drive standards upwards.

Exam results
In 2009, 27% of students achieved 5 A* to C passes at GCSE including English and Maths. In its final year, 2010, 42% did so.

Sports
King's Wood School was known for its success in sports, particularly basketball, in which the team of 1999 - 2005 being King's Wood most successful Basketball team winning
the Boroughs league in 2004 and runners up in 2005. The school came joint first in the borough for outdoor hockey and second in the borough for indoor hockey.

Closure
In September 2010, King's Wood School closed, being replaced by Drapers' Academy on the same site.

References

Defunct schools in the London Borough of Havering
Educational institutions established in 1953
1953 establishments in England
Educational institutions disestablished in 2010
2010 disestablishments in England


Crab Island is an island located in the mouth of the Berbice River in Guyana, located at .

Crab Island is so named due to the presence of numerous crabs there, and is approximately one mile in circumference. Before the British took over Berbice in 1815, the Dutch had a fort here called St. Andries.

References

Islands of Guyana


Catherine Steadman (born 8 February 1987) is a British actress and author.

Career
Steadman trained at the Oxford School of Drama and made her screen debut playing Julia Bertram in Mansfield Park. Since then she has appeared in television series such as The Tudors, The Inbetweeners, Fresh Meat, Midsomer Murders and Trying Again. Some of her more notable roles include Nurse Wilson in ITV's Breathless, Mabel Lane Fox in Downton Abbey, Maggie Lewis in Tutankhamun, Gemma in BBC Four's Bucket, Mrs Forbes in Victoria and Eliza Gestalt in The Rook.

On stage, she has appeared in the West End in Polly Stenham's award-winning That Face, the Royal Shakespeare Company's Oppenheimer (for which she was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress) and the title role in the West End revival of Witness for the Prosecution.

Steadman's debut novel, the psychological thriller Something in the Water, was published in June 2018 by Simon & Schuster UK and Penguin Random House USA. Her second novel, Mr Nobody, was published in January 2020 and her third, The Disappearing Act, in June 2021.  A fourth novel, The Family Game was published in October 2022.

Works

 Steadman, Catherine (2022). The Family Game: A Novel. Ballantine Books. ISBN 9780593158067.

References

External links

English television actresses
English stage actresses
English film actresses
Living people
Alumni of the Oxford School of Drama
21st-century English actresses
1987 births
English women novelists


Gerald Thomas Walsh (born April 25, 1942) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as an auxiliary bishop and vicar general of the Archdiocese of New York. He was rector of St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers, New York, from 2007 to 2013.

Biography

Early life
Gerald Walsh was born on April 25, 1942, in Manhattan, the eldest of the three children of Thomas Walsh, a police officer, and Anne (née Haggerty) Walsh, a homemaker.  His siblings are Michael (b. 1944) and Monica (b. 1950).  Gerald Walsh attended Good Shepherd School and Power Memorial Academy in New York City, then Iona College in New Rochelle, New York in 1959; there he earned the nickname of "St. Gerry" from his classmates. Walsh then attended St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers, New York, where he obtained his bachelor's degree and his Master of Divinity Degree.

Priesthood
Walsh was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of New York by Cardinal Francis Spellman on May 27, 1967, in St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan. Walsh then studied Spanish at the Institute for Intercultural Communication of the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

After returning to New York, Walsh served as parochial vicar of Holy Trinity Parish in Manhattan until 1980.  He received his Master of Social Work degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1983. Also in 1980, Walsh was appointed head of the Department of Family and Children's Services at Catholic Charities, holding that position until 1989.  He was raised by the Vatican to the rank of mkonsignor in 1990. For the next six years, he was pastor of Incarnation Parish in Washington Heights, Manhattan.

From January 1996 to August 1998, Walsh served as private secretary to Cardinal John O'Connor. During this time, he accompanied O'Connor on ten trips to Rome, where he met Pope John Paul II. Walsh later reflected on his time as O'Connor's secretary by saying, "I learned a lot of things I would not have known otherwise, how to handle certain situations". Walsh was then named pastor of St. Elizabeth's Parish in Washington Heights, and regional vicar of North Manhattan in September of that same year. In 2003, Walsh was named vicar of development of the archdiocese, serving as its chief fundraiser.

Auxiliary Bishop of New York
On June 28, 2004, Walsh was appointed as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York and Titular Bishop of Altiburus by  John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on September 21, 2004, from Cardinal Edward Egan, with Bishops Robert Brucato and Patrick Sheridan serving as co-consecrators.  Walsh chose as his episcopal motto: "That All May Be One" (John 17:21). He explained his motto as a call to "unite around the teacher," for "the role of a bishop is to be a teacher, one who teaches primarily by example". In 2007, he was named rector of St. Joseph's Seminary. He was the only bishop to serve as the head of an American seminary.

Walsh has also served as associate chaplain of the Knights of Columbus' New York chapter since 1980, and was a member of the archdiocesan Priests' Council and College of Consultors starting in 2000. On February 13, 2013, Walsh was named vicar general of the archdiocese, holding that position until 2014.

Retirement
On September 5, 2017 Pope Francis accepted Walsh's letter of resignation as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York after he reached the mandatory retirement age of 75.

Walsh enjoys playing handball, at least until receiving a knee injury, and taking walks in the community.

See also

 Catholic Church hierarchy
 Catholic Church in the United States
 Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
 List of Catholic bishops of the United States
 Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

References

External links

 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York Official Site

Episcopal succession

1942 births
Living people
21st-century American Roman Catholic titular bishops
Religious leaders from Manhattan
Saint Joseph's Seminary (Dunwoodie) alumni
Iona University alumni
Fordham Graduate School of Social Service alumni
Catholics from New York (state)


In the mathematical field of linear algebra and convex analysis, the numerical range or field of values of a complex  matrix A is the set

where  denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector . The numerical range includes, in particular, the diagonal entries of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the unit vectors along the coordinate axes) and the eigenvalues of the matrix (obtained by choosing x equal to the eigenvectors).

In engineering, numerical ranges are used as a rough estimate of eigenvalues of A. Recently, generalizations of the numerical range are used to study quantum computing.

A related concept is the numerical radius, which is the largest absolute value of the numbers in the numerical range, i.e.

Properties

 The numerical range is the range of the Rayleigh quotient.
 (Hausdorff–Toeplitz theorem) The numerical range is convex and compact.
  for all square matrix  and complex numbers  and .  Here  is the identity matrix.
  is a subset of the closed right half-plane if and only if  is positive semidefinite.
 The numerical range  is the only function on the set of square matrices that satisfies (2), (3) and (4).
 (Sub-additive) , where the sum on the right-hand side denotes a sumset.
  contains all the eigenvalues of .
 The numerical range of a  matrix is a filled ellipse.
  is a real line segment  if and only if  is a Hermitian matrix with its smallest and the largest eigenvalues being  and .
 If  is a normal matrix then  is the convex hull of its eigenvalues.
 If  is a sharp point on the boundary of , then  is a normal eigenvalue of .
  is a norm on the space of  matrices.
 , where  denotes the operator norm.

Generalisations
C-numerical range
Higher-rank numerical range
Joint numerical range
Product numerical range
Polynomial numerical hull

See also
 Spectral theory
 Rayleigh quotient
 Workshop on Numerical Ranges and Numerical Radii

Bibliography
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
 "Functional Characterizations of the Field of Values and the Convex Hull of the Spectrum", Charles R. Johnson, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 61(2):201-204, Dec 1976.

Matrix theory
Spectral theory
Operator theory
Linear algebra


Plants

Pinophytes

Angiosperms

Newly described insects

Molluscs

Bivalves

Fish

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Newly named birds

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Pterosaurs
 Fossil jaw fragments containing multicusped teeth were found in Dockum Group rocks in western Texas. One fragment, apparently from a lower jaw, contained two teeth, each with five cusps. Another fragment, from an upper jaw, also contained several multi-cusped teeth. These finds are very similar to the pterosaur genus Eudimorphodon and may be attributable to this genus, although without better fossil remains it is impossible to be sure.

New taxa

Synapsids

Mammals

References

Paleontology
Paleontology 6


Tollefson is the Americanized spelling of the Norwegian "Tollefsen".

Tollefson is a surname shared by the following people:

Carrie Tollefson, an American middle-distance runner
Chuck Tollefson, a former American football player for the Green Bay Packers
Dave Tollefson, an American football player for the New York Giants
Thor C. Tollefson, a US Representative from Washington
Sean Tollefson, a singer/songwriter for the indie band Tullycraft

References

Ronald Tollefson is an American that served an LDS mission to Norway in the 1960s.


The Douro Range is a small mountain range on northwestern Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is one of the northernmost mountain ranges in the world which in turn form part of the Arctic Cordillera mountain system.

See also
List of mountain ranges

References

Arctic Cordillera
Mountain ranges of Qikiqtaaluk Region


Jiru may refer to:
Jiru language, a language of Nigeria
Jiru, a town in Moretna Jiru, Ethiopia
Jiru (Han dynasty) (籍孺: "the boy Ji"), a historical figure of the early Han Empire
Chen Jiru (陳繼儒; 1558–1639), Chinese painter

See also
 Djiru (disambiguation)
 Giru (disambiguation)


Charles Foster Barham, M.D. (9 March 1804 – 20 October 1884) was an English  physician and the fourth son of Thomas Foster Barham.

Early life and education
Barham was born in Truro. His family's wealth came from slavery and sugar estates in western Jamaica.

He was privately educated at several places in Cornwall and at Saffron Walden, proceeding from the latter town to Downing College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in October 1821. Within a few months he had migrated to Queens' College, where he became a foundation scholar in May 1823. The bent of his family was for medicine, and after studying at Edinburgh, as well as at Paris and in Italy, Barham took the degree of M.B. at Cambridge in 1827, qualifying for the higher degree of M.D. in 1860. For a few years he practised at Tavistock, but in August 1837 he settled at Truro, and remained there until his death.

Career
In the following year he was appointed senior physician to the Royal Cornwall Infirmary, and when he resigned that post in 1873 was elected consulting physician. On his settlement at Truro Dr. Barham threw himself with energy into its political and civic life, and on 28 Sep 1839 became more closely identified with the town by his marriage to Caroline, the second daughter of Clement Carlyon, M.D., who belonged to an old Truro family. In all the proceedings of the Royal Institution of Cornwall Dr. Barham took an active part, and to its Reports and Journal he contributed many articles. From 1837 until 1859 he was its secretary, at which date he became its president. In 1856 he became a magistrate for Truro and in 1858 mayor. He served as consultant physician to the Truro Friendly Society, was also the president of the south-western branch of the British Medical Association for a time.

He died at Truro on 20 October 1884, leaving a large family behind him. He was buried at Kenwyn. His brother Francis Foster Barham was a religious writer.

Though Dr. Barham was interested in antiquarian and geological pursuits generally, the two subjects which had especial charm for him were the climate of Cornwall and the diseases of the miners who contributed to its wealth. The names of many papers written by him on these topics are enumerated in the Bibliotheca Cornubiensis, (vols. i. and iii). His services were engaged in 1842 by a commission on the employment of children, and his report, with the evidence which he collected, was printed in the first and second reports of the commission. He also wrote a Report on the Sanitary State of the Labouring Classes in the Town of Truro published in 1840.

Selected publications

Notes

References

1804 births
1884 deaths
People from Truro
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
19th-century English medical doctors
Burials in Cornwall


Frum is a surname that may refer to:
Meaning: pious, observant (Yiddish). It also is patronymic, and of biblical origin, likely derived from a variant of Abraham, Afrom.

 Barbara Frum, Canadian journalist
 Barbara Frum (TV series)
 Danielle Frum, wife of David
 David Frum, political commentator and journalist, son of Barbara
 John Frum, figure associated with cargo cults on the island of Tanna in Vanuatu
 Linda Frum, Canadian journalist, daughter of Barbara

See also
 Fromm (German form)
 Frum Jew
 Frum Satire

References

Surnames of Jewish origin
Germanic-language surnames
Yiddish-language surnames


The Chandanpura Mosque, also known as Masjid-e-Siraj ud-Daulah, is a mosque situated on Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah Road in Chittagong, Bangladesh. It is a landmark well known for its impressive architecture consisting of multiple domes and minarets painted in bright colors. Although it was renovated in 1952, the mosque has deteriorated over the years due to environmental factors, such as air pollution.

Location
The mosque is in Chawkbazar Ward, Chittagong, on the west side of Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah Road. It is opposite the colonial era two storied red brick Fire Brigade Station Chandanpura.

History
The mosque was built in 1870 by architects and builders from Lucknow and Bombay working under contractor Master Abdul Hamid. Initially it was called Hamidia-Taj-Masjid. In 1947, renovations were begun by Abu Syed Dobhash, a descendant of Hamid. They were completed in 1952.

The International Dictionary of Historic Places says "Chandanpura Mosque, although of negligible historical interest, is a particularly beautiful structure".

Gallery

See also
 List of mosques in Bangladesh

References

Mosques in Chittagong


Molluscs

Bivalves

Arthropods

Insects

Echinoderms

Fish

Newly named Cartilaginous fish

Archosauromorphs
 Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.

Newly named pseudosuchians

Newly named pterosaurs

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

Literature on fossil birds

 Storrs Olson: the fossil record of birds

Newly named birds

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named pleosiosaurs

References

 Bird, R.T. (1985) Bones for Barnum Brown (V.T. Schreiber, Ed.), Texas Christian Univ. Press. Fort Worth, TX. 225 pp.
 Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.

Paleontology
Paleontology 5


Kathleen Webb (born October 6, 1956) is an American comic book writer and artist and one of the first female writers for Archie Comics.

Biography
Kathleen Webb was born in Puyallup, Washington. Mentored by Archie Comics writer-artist Dan DeCarlo, she sold her first script to that comic book company in 1985. As of 2008, she continued to write for, primarily, Archie Comics' Betty and Veronica titles. Webb has also penciled Mattel-licensed Barbie stories for Marvel Comics.

Christian comics
For Christian comics, Webb wrote and drew the Holly and the Ivy Halls comic strip for Focus on the Family's Brio Magazine from 1993 to 2004. She has also illustrated Sunday-school papers for Gospel Light Publications; pencilled pages in the comics Aida-Zee and Paro-Dee; scripted and pencilled the tract The Monster; and contributed to the anthology Proverbs & Parables. A comic strip of her personal testimony appeared in the first issue of Christian Comics & Games Magazine in 1996.

She was also a panelist for the second Christian-comics panel of the San Diego Comic Convention in 1995.

Footnotes

References
Kathleen Webb Official Site
Grand Comics Database: Kathleen Webb
Listing, A Century of Women Cartoonists by Trina Robbins (Kitchen Sink, 1993)
Listing, Comic-Book Superstars by Don Thompson & Maggie Thompson (Krause Publications, 1993)
Kathleen Webb – Christian Comics Pioneer
Archie Comics – Did You Know?

American comics writers
American female comics artists
Living people
1956 births
People from Puyallup, Washington
Christian comics creators