Drugfire  is a multimedia database imaging system that automates the comparison of images of bullet cartridge cases, shell casings and bullets that was developed by MSI (Mnemonic System Inc.).  It is a multimedia database imaging system that allows examiners from across the United States to compare and link evidence obtained in the form of spent cartridges and other ammunition casings.

Development

Before Drugfire was invented, firearm examiners had to rely on a technique devised in the 1920s to compare ammunition markings. This involved looking at a casing under a microscope and the examiner had to compare the two casings to see if there were similar markings on the bullet which would most likely mean that the bullets had been fired from the same gun.

From the years of 1991 and 1992, MSI devolved Drugfire, a forensic imaging system that allows investigators to compare ammunition markings from a specific shooting to databases of seemingly unrelated shootings which allowed the FBI to solve numerous cases.

Notable cases
Drugfire was used by the Oakland Police to solve the murder of Tommie Cain. A month after Cain's shooting death, an Oakland patrol officer pulled over Jovan Reynolds and Henry Bruce for a routine traffic stop. The officer found a .38-caliber revolver in the car, which he took into evidence as both men were felons. When the gun was test-fired and entered into the Drugfire system, police found that its bullet matched the slug that had come from Cain's body. With the information, Reynolds and Bruce were questioned and eventually confessed to the murder. Police investigators said the case would most likely still had been open if not for the use of Drugfire.

References

Ballistics
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Forensic software


Asnans-Beauvoisin () is a commune in the Jura department in region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Audelange () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Augea () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Augerans () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

It is located on the main D7 road, 12 km southeast of Dole, and 50 km southwest of Besançon.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Augisey () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Eupheme () was the ancient Greek female spirit of words of good omen, praise, acclaims, shouts of triumph, and applause. Her opposite was Momus and her sisters were Euthenia, Eucleia, and Philophrosyne. Along with her sisters, she was regarded as a member of the younger Charites. According to the Orphic fragments, Eupheme's parents were Hephaestus and Aglaea.

References

Personifications in Greek mythology
Greek goddesses
Children of Hephaestus


Aumont () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Populations

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Aumur () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Outer Coastal Plain AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in southeastern New Jersey.  The recently expanded  wine appellation includes all of Cumberland, Cape May, Atlantic, and Ocean counties and portions of Salem, Gloucester, Camden, Burlington, and Monmouth counties. The region is characterized by well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils of low to moderate fertility, and a relatively long growing season. The climate is moderated by the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay. The region is in hardiness zones 6b, 7a, and 7b. The AVA contains one sub-region, the Cape May Peninsula AVA, which was established in 2018.

Boundary
The Federal Register describes the Outer Coastal Plain AVA as being an area "roughly triangular in shape and comprises the most easterly and southerly portions of New Jersey, including most of the State's Atlantic coastline and the area known as the Pine Barrens.  It was drawn by the following boundaries:
The Outer Coastal Plain viticultural area includes all of Cumberland, Cape May, Atlantic, and Ocean Counties and portions of Salem, Gloucester, Camden, Burlington, and Monmouth Counties in the State of New Jersey. The boundary of the Outer Coastal Plain
viticultural area is as described below.
(1) The beginning point is on the Wilmington map at the confluence of Alloway Creek with the Delaware River (within Mad Horse Creek State Wildlife Management Area) in Salem County;
(2) From the beginning point, proceed northeasterly in a straight line to the village of Hagerville; then
(3) Continue north on an unnamed road locally known as County Road (CR) 658 to its intersection with State Route (SR) 49; then
(4) Proceed northwesterly on SR 49 to its intersection with SR 45 in the center of the town of Salem; then
(5) Proceed northeasterly on SR 45 to its intersection with SR 540 at the village of Pointers; then
(6) Proceed north on SR 540 into the village of Slapes Corner; then
(7) In Slapes Corner, proceed northeasterly on an unnamed road locally known as CR 646 to its intersection with the New Jersey Turnpike near the village of Auburn; then
(8) Proceed northeasterly on the New Jersey Turnpike for approximately 18 miles to its intersection with SR 47; then
(9) Proceed south on SR 47 for approximately 0.5 mile to its intersection with SR 534 at the village of Gardenville Center; then
(10) Proceed southeasterly through Gardenville Center on SR 534 to its intersection with SR 544; then
(11) Proceed northeasterly on SR 544 to its intersection with SR 73 on the Hammonton map; then
(12) Proceed north-northwesterly on SR 73 to its intersection with SR 70 in Cropwell; then
(13) Proceed east on SR 70 to its intersection with U.S. 206 in Red Lion; then
(14) Proceed north on U.S. 206, onto the Trenton map, to the village of Chambers Corner; then
(15) Proceed northeasterly on an unnamed road locally known as CR 537, through the village of Jobstown; then
(16) Continue northeasterly on CR 537, through the villages of Smithburg and Freehold, to its intersection with SR 18; then
(17) Proceed easterly on SR 18 to its intersection with the Garden State Parkway; then
(18) Proceed north on the Garden State Parkway and immediately exit onto SR 36 East and onto the Long Branch map; then
(19) Using the Long Branch map, continue east on SR 36 to where it intersects with Joline Avenue; then
(20) Proceed northeasterly on Joline Avenue to the Atlantic Ocean shoreline; then
(21) Follow the Atlantic Ocean shoreline south, encompassing all coastal islands, onto the Trenton, Hammonton, Atlantic City, and Cape May maps, to the city of Cape May; then
(22) Proceed west, then north, along the eastern bank of the Delaware River, onto the Atlantic City, Dover, and Wilmington maps to the beginning point.

Wineries
, there are 32 wineries in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA (including the 7 wineries in the Cape May Peninsula AVA). Most of the wineries in this AVA are also members of the Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association, an industry trade organization "dedicated to the establishment and promotion of sustainable and economically viable viticulture in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA of New Jersey."

 Amalthea Cellars in Atco
 Auburn Road Vineyards in Pilesgrove
 Autumn Lake Winery in Williamstown
 Balic Winery in Mays Landing
 Bellview Winery in Landisville
 Cape May Winery & Vineyard in North Cape May (CMP)
 Cedar Rose Vineyards in Millville
 Chestnut Run Farm in Pilesgrove
 Coda Rossa Winery in Franklinville
 DeMastro Vineyards in Vincentown
 DiBella Winery in Woolwich
 DiMatteo Vineyards in Hammonton
 Four JG's Orchards & Vineyards in Colts Neck
 G&W Winery in Rio Grande (CMP)
 Hawk Haven Vineyard & Winery in Rio Grande (CMP)
 Jessie Creek Winery in Dias Creek (CMP)
 Laurita Winery in New Egypt
 Monroeville Vineyard & Winery in Monroeville
 Natali Vineyards in Goshen (CMP)
 Plagido's Winery in Hammonton
 Renault Winery in Egg Harbor City and Galloway
 Salem Oak Vineyards in Pedricktown
 Sharrott Winery in Blue Anchor
 Summit City Winery in Glassboro
 Sylvin Farms Winery in Germania
 Tomasello Winery in Hammonton
 Turdo Vineyards & Winery in North Cape May (CMP)
 Valenzano Winery in Shamong
 Villari Vineyards in Deptford
 Wagonhouse Winery in South Harrison
 White Horse Winery in Hammonton
 William Heritage Winery in Mullica Hill
 Willow Creek Winery in West Cape May (CMP)

See also
Alcohol laws of New Jersey
Cape May Peninsula AVA
Central Delaware Valley AVA
Garden State Wine Growers Association
Judgment of Princeton
List of wineries, breweries, and distilleries in New Jersey
New Jersey Farm Winery Act
New Jersey wine
New Jersey Wine Industry Advisory Council
Warren Hills AVA

References

External links
Garden State Wine Growers Association
Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association

American Viticultural Areas
Geography of New Jersey
New Jersey wine
2007 establishments in New Jersey


Authume () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Displacer is the solo electronic project of Toronto, Ontario-based musician Michael Morton.

Recordings
Morton's first released recording was the track "Deep" on Mute Records’ Pre-Set New Electronic Music in 2003.   He then signed with Paris, France-based M-Tronic Records, through which he released three CDs. In 2008 he signed to Chicago, USA label Tympanik Audio and released three more albums; The Witching Hour, X Was Never Like This..., and the mainly instrumental Night Gallery.  Foundations followed in 2012. His recent releases, Electric Dreams in 2014 and 2016's Curse of the Black Vinyl, were released under his own label. The Crime League.

Remixing
In addition to his own music, Displacer has remixed the work of other musicians, including Claire Voyant, Architect, Converter, Beefcake & Monstrum Sepsis from labels including Hymen Records, Ant-Zen, n5MD, Wax Trax, & Metropolis Records.

Discography
Moon_Phase  (2003)
Arroyo (2004)
 B(uddha)-Sides mp3 release (2006)
 Cage Fighter's Lullaby (2006)
 Remixes For Free? mp3 release (2006)
 The Witching Hour (2008)
 X Was Never Like This... (2009)
 Lost Mission EP (2009)
 Night Gallery (2011)
 Foundation (2012)

References

External links
Official site
M-tronic.com
Tympanik Audio
Displacer on Discogs.com

Canadian electronic music groups
Musical groups from Toronto
Musical groups established in 2003
2003 establishments in Ontario


Auxange is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)

la:Authume


Paolo Tramezzani (born 30 July 1970) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a defender.

Playing career
Tramezzani was born at Castelnovo ne' Monti in Emilia. At the age of nine he joined Inter Milan, where he rose through the ranks. In order to gain experience he first spent a season on loan at Prato in Serie C1, followed by a season in Serie B with Cosenza in co-ownership deal, and then another season on loan in Serie B with Lucchese.

Inter included him in the squad for the 1992/93-season, and handed him his debut on 28 October 1992 in a cup match against Foggia. He spent two seasons as a squad member at Inter, but did not manage to become a regular in his preferred position at left-back. He played a total of 34 games in all competitions for Inter. He spent the two following seasons on loan at Venezia and Cesena in Serie B, before being released to join fellow Serie A-side Piacenza in 1995.

Having spent two seasons in Serie A playing regularly with Piacenza, he was signed for £1.5 million by Tottenham Hotspur in the summer of 1998, managed at the time by Christian Gross. Although scoring on his debut in a friendly against Peterborough United, his time at Spurs was short-lived. He was transferred to Pistoese in Italy for £400,000. He later returned to Piacenza, and spent a short spell at Atalanta, before ending his career with five seasons in Serie C1 with Pro Patria.

Managerial career
From 2011 to 2016, Tramezzani was assistant coach of the Albania national team, under manager Gianni De Biasi.

On 21 December 2016, he was presented as head coach of Lugano. In June 2017, Tramezzani was appointed head coach of Sion before being sacked in October.

In October 2018, Tramezzani was appointed as the new manager of APOEL. He guided them to their seventh league title after a 3–0 home victory over Apollon Limassol, and also reached the final of the Cypriot Cup, where they lost 0–2 to AEL Limassol.

Tramezzani was sacked on 8 August 2019 following a 1–2 loss against Qarabağ in the first leg of the UEFA Champions League third qualifying round.

On 10 December 2019, he was hired by Serie B club Livorno, in last place in the league table at the time. He was dismissed by Livorno on 3 February 2020 after the team only achieved 2 draws and 5 losses in 7 games under Tramezzani's helm.

In June 2020, he returned to FC Sion for a second spell as manager of the club. On 18 January 2021, he was appointed by Hajduk Split as head coach. He finished the season in fourth place, taking Hajduk to the Europa Conference League second qualifying round, before leaving the club on 27 May by mutual consent.

On 18 June 2021, Tramezzani was appointed as the manager of Saudi Arabian club Al-Faisaly.

He successively signed for Swiss Super League club FC Sion, being later replaced by Fabio Celestini on 21 November 2022. Following a five game win drought and a humiliating 2–7 defeat at home to FC St. Gallen on 12 November 2022, he was terminated on 20 November 2022. On 16 May 2023, he was once again appointed as head coach of Sion.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Inter Milan
UEFA Cup: 1993–94

Manager
APOEL
Cypriot First Division: 2018–19

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Reggio Emilia
Italian men's footballers
Inter Milan players
AC Prato players
Cosenza Calcio 1914 players
AC Cesena players
Lucchese 1905 players
Venezia FC players
Piacenza Calcio 1919 players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
US Pistoiese 1921 players
Atalanta BC players
Premier League players
Aurora Pro Patria 1919 players
UEFA Cup winning players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
FC Sion managers
APOEL FC managers
Men's association football defenders
Italian football managers
US Livorno 1915 managers
Serie B managers
Expatriate football managers in Croatia
HNK Hajduk Split managers
Italian expatriate football managers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Pro League managers
Al Faisaly FC managers


Colégio de São Bento is a Benedictine school for boys in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with a history that dates back more than 150 years. It was founded in 1858 on the hills overlooking Rio de Janeiro's harbor and the Guanabara Bay, by the adjacent Benedictine monastery (). Although the school is still run by the monastery, students who attend it may come from any denomination or religion.

All students follow a broad course of study, which includes Theology, Music, Algebra, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Classic Culture, Brazilian and Portuguese Literature, Geography, History, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English Languages, Philosophy, Sociology, as well the History of Music, Architecture and Fine Arts, among other subjects.

The school has been consistently rated the best Brazilian high school by ENEM (National High School Assessment Test), showing the highest ranking of college admissions in the country. Its graduates, who refer to themselves as Benedictines include Brazilian leaders from government and business, renowned doctors, educators, poets, musicians and writers.

External links
www.csbrj.org.br
www.osb.org.br

Secondary schools in Brazil
Boys' schools in Brazil


Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal (1606 in Berlin – 1657 in Halberstadt) was a German nobleman. He was a diplomat and the founder of the Brandenburg-Prussian Army.

The son of Christoph von Blumenthal and his wife Dorothea von Hacke, and the first cousin of General von Königsmarck, he was educated privately by the family tutor Johannes Crüger from the age of 10, and then attended the Viadrina from 1622, at the age of 15. In 1623 his mother died, and in 1624 his brother was murdered and father died, leaving him in the wardship of his eldest brother Christoph; however he too died within two years and Joachim Friedrich became head of his family, still only 19 years old. He became a protégé of Schwarzenberg and thus closely tied to the pro-Imperial faction in Brandenburg during the period of the Thirty Years' War. Schwarzenberg entrusted him with raising Brandenburg's first-ever standing army as the head of General War Commissariat.

On Schwarzenberg's dismissal, von Blumenthal temporarily fell from grace in Brandenburg and took service with the Habsburgs, under whom he was an Imperial War Commissar, but he was then also simultaneously employed as both Brandenburg and the Holy Roman Empire's representative at the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, where he negotiated Brandenburg's acquisition of Halberstadt and other territories. He was several times Brandenburg's representative at Imperial Diets. He became the Great Elector's President of the Privy Council (Prime Minister) and it was in this capacity that he raised the finances and organized the system under which a permanent standing army could be created for the first time. He was the first secular governor of the Principality of Halberstadt.

Von Blumenthal was married first, in 1635, to Katharina von Klitzing, and then in 1639 to Elisabeth von Holtzendorff. His eldest son Christoph Caspar, by his first marriage, became a distinguished diplomat who was Brandenburg's Ambassador to France and negotiated the Peace of Oliva. His other son Montanus, by the second marriage, was a captain in von Königsmarck's regiment and died at Mainz in November 1672.

A minister of the Great Elector, von Blumenthal had profited handsomely from the war, and remodeled Schloss Stavenow  in the Baroque style. He was promoted to Freiherr for his services.

1609 births
1657 deaths
Joachim Friedrich
German diplomats
German untitled nobility
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
People from the Principality of Halberstadt
Prussian politicians


Ghosts of Girlfriends Past is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Mark Waters. The script was written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore, based on Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Filming spanned February 19, 2008 to July 2008 in Rhode Island with stars Matthew McConaughey, Jennifer Garner, Lacey Chabert, Emma Stone, and Michael Douglas. The film was released on May 1, 2009.

Ghosts of Girlfriends Past features a wedding day and the day before, rather than the familiar Christmas and Christmas Eve from A Christmas Carol. The three ghosts share similar appearances with the original descriptions, and the film shares the traditional plot points from the book.

Plot
Connor Mead is a famous photographer and womanizer. After breaking up with three women simultaneously on a conference call to save time, he travels to his late uncle Wayne's estate to attend the wedding of his brother Paul to Sandra. There, he becomes reacquainted with Jenny Perotti, the only girl who captured his heart. After delivering a drunken speech at the rehearsal dinner, Connor is visited by the ghost of the inveterate playboy Wayne, who warns Connor that he will be visited by three ghosts who will lead him through his romantic past, present, and future.

The first is the "Ghost of Girlfriends Past" in the form of Allison, his first lover. They revisit scenes from his past, focusing on his relationship with Jenny. She and Connor were very close at school; she gave him his first instant camera which he used to take her picture, promising to keep it forever. By middle school, they were on the verge of romance, but Connor's hesitation at a dance caused Jenny to dance with and kiss another boy.

Wayne advised a heartbroken Connor to avoid romance at all costs in order not to feel such pain again, and began to teach him his techniques as a pickup artist. When he next saw Jenny, he ignored her in favor of Allison. Several years later, Connor and Jenny met again and rekindled their romance. After spending the night together, Connor realized that he was falling in love and panicked, leaving Jenny to wake up alone and broken-hearted.

Back in the present, Connor accidentally destroys the wedding cake and fails to reconcile with Jenny. He is confronted by the "Ghost of Girlfriends Present" in the form of his assistant Melanie, who shows him the other members of the wedding party making fun of his shallow lifestyle. Paul expresses hope that he will someday improve, while Jenny is being comforted by Brad, which upsets Connor. Melanie and his newly-jilted trio of lovers discuss his lack of empathy.

Sandra hears of Connor's accidental revelation that Paul slept with one of her bridesmaids early in their relationship, and furiously confronts Paul. A returned Connor attempts to mend the situation, but Paul tells him to leave. He is visited by the "Ghost of Girlfriends Future", who takes him forward in time to see that Jenny marries Brad while Paul remains alone. Further in the future, Paul is the only mourner at Connor's funeral. Wayne appears and tells Connor that this is his fate if he continues on the same path, pushing him into the grave to be buried by his many ex-girlfriends.

Waking up in bed, Connor is relieved to find it is early on the day of the wedding, but discovers that Sandra has called it off and departed. Intercepting her car, Connor convinces her to forgive Paul, saying that the pain of heartbreak is outweighed by the regret of never risking one's heart in the first place. At the restored festivities--where he serves as wedding photographer--Connor reconciles with Jenny by showing her the picture he still carries of her. They kiss and dance in the snow to the same song Connor once hesitated to ask her to dance to.

His work complete, Uncle Wayne strikes out with the Ghost of Girlfriends Future, tries to hit on Melanie before her corporeally-present counterpart dances with Brad, and is finally rejected by Allison, the Ghost of Girlfriends Past, who still appears 16.

Cast
 Matthew McConaughey as Connor 'Dutch' Mead, a ladies man, is based on Ebenezer Scrooge.
 Devin Brochu as Little Connor
 Logan Miller as Young Connor
 Jennifer Garner as Jenny Perotti is based on Ebenezer Scrooge's ex-fiancée Belle.
 Kasey Russell as Little Jenny
 Christa B. Allen as Young Jenny
 Michael Douglas as Wayne S. Mead, Connor and Paul's uncle and legal guardian, is based on Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner Jacob Marley depicted as a not-so-thinly-veiled caricature of famed Hollywood Producer Robert Evans.
 Breckin Meyer as Paul Mead, Connor's younger brother, is based on Ebenezer Scrooge's nephew Fred.
 Lacey Chabert as Sandra Volkom, Paul Mead's fiancée
 Robert Forster as Sergeant Major Mervis Volkom
 Daniel Sunjata as Brad Frye
 Emma Stone as Allison Vandermeersh, the Ghost of Girlfriends Past
 Noureen DeWulf as Melanie, the Ghost of Girlfriends Present, is based on Bob Cratchit.
 Olga Maliouk as the Ghost of Girlfriends Future
 Anne Archer as Vonda Volkom
 Amanda Walsh as Denice
 Camille Guaty as Donna
 Rachel Boston as Deena
 Christina Milian as Kalia
 Emily Foxler as Nadja

Production
Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was originally set up in 2004 at Touchstone Pictures with Ben Affleck attached to play the lead character and Kevin Smith to direct, but both opted out and Disney cancelled the project. Betty Thomas was also attached to direct at one point, and Affleck's LivePlanet was also on board to produce.

It was primarily filmed at Crane Castle  in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The church scene with Garner marrying another man was filmed at the Martha-Mary Chapel in Sudbury, MA. It was built by Henry Ford in honor of his mother  and mother in law. It is on the same property as the historic Wayside Inn, dating from 1716. It is the oldest operating inn in the country. The film also reunited Michael Douglas and Anne Archer for the first time since the 1987 hit thriller Fatal Attraction, but they shared no scenes together. Christa B. Allen played the younger version of Garner's character, as she did in 13 Going on 30 in 2004.

Soundtrack
"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past" - All Too Much featuring Matthew Sweet
"Hush" - Gavin Rossdale and All Too Much
"Got a Lot of Love for You Baby" - The Ralph Sall Experience
"Keep on Loving You" - REO Speedwagon
"You Can't Hurry Love" - The Ralph Sall Experience
"Ladies Night" - Kool & the Gang
"The Safety Dance" - Men Without Hats
"Yeah (Dream of Me)" - All Too Much
"Holding Back the Years" - Simply Red
"Sleep" - All Too Much

Reception

Critical reaction
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of  based on  reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critics consensus reads, "A retread of A Christmas Carol, featuring Matthew McConaughey in a retread of his Dazed and Confused role, Ghosts of Girlfriends Past lacks originality, humor, and any semblance of charm." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 34 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Box office
On the film's opening weekend, it debuted at #2 with a gross of $15.4 million (3,175 theaters, $4,854 average), far behind X-Men Origins: Wolverines $85.1 million gross. The film made $55.3 million in the United States and Canada along with $47.1 million from foreign territories for a worldwide total of $102.4 million.

Home media
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 22, 2009.

See also
Adaptations of A Christmas Carol
List of ghost films

References

External links

2009 films
2009 romantic comedy films
2000s ghost films
Films based on A Christmas Carol
American Christmas comedy films
American fantasy comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American romantic fantasy films
Films about orphans
Films about weddings
Films about photographers
Films directed by Mark Waters
Films with screenplays by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore
Films shot in Massachusetts
2000s Christmas comedy films
Films scored by Rolfe Kent
New Line Cinema films
Warner Bros. films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Balaiseaux () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Balanod () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Chief Makhanda Regiment (formerly known as the First City) is a reserve air assault infantry regiment of the South African Army.

History

Colony Frontier
The regiment was formed from the First City Volunteers (FCV) of Grahamstown that were formed in 1875 in Grahamstown and the Queenstown Rifle Volunteers (QVR) that were formed in 1860 (Re-raised 1883) in Queenstown and these regiments were formed due to the unrest on the then frontier.

The QVR and the FCV fought in the Cape Frontier Wars and the 9th Frontier War (1877–1878). The QVR fought in the Morosi Campaign (1879). The FCV fought in the Basutoland Gun War (1880–1881). The QVR and the FCV later fought in the Bechuanaland campaign (1897), and in the Second Boer War (1899–1902).

Union Defence Force
On 1 July 1913, the QVR amalgamated with the FCV and was incorporated into the Citizen Force of the new Union Defence Force as the 4th Infantry (First Eastern Rifles). It served in German South-West Africa 1914–1915.

However, in 1924 the First Eastern Rifles were renamed the 4th Infantry (First City). The numerical part of the title was dropped in 1932, making the regiment simply First City.

In the mid-1930s, the regiment adopted Scottish uniform, including the Graham of Montrose tartan.

World War II
During World War II, FC served in the Madagascar campaign (1942). On 5 October 1943, First City, South Africa's senior Scottish unit, was temporarily "married up" with the Cape Town Highlanders to form the FC/CTH which was part of the 12th South African Motorised Brigade of the South African 6th Armoured Division. The "marriage" lasted until 8 May 1945. After completing its training in Egypt, the division landed at Taranto, Italy on 20 April 1944 and fought exclusively in Italy during its existence. In 1946, the regiment was reconstituted as a component of the country's part-time forces and reformed First City.

From 1954 to 1956, FC was amalgamated with the Kaffrarian Rifles, known as First City/Kaffrarian Rifles. In 1956 it reverted to being called First City.

Border War
The regiment served in the South African Border War from 1977 to 1986, and was also involved from 1983 until 1994 in Internal Operations.
The regiment was affiliated with 84 Motorised Brigade, part of 8th Armoured Division.

Post 1994
In 2004 it was decided to rebuild First City and by 2006 the regiment was training its own members as well as members of the Prince Alfred's Guard, The Buffalo Volunteer Rifles and Regiment Piet Retief these all being Eastern Cape regiments. Many members have also been trained in Air Assault. The Regiment has also sent members on UN & AU peace keeping missions to the DRC, Burundi and the Sudan.

2008 saw First City winning the trophy for the best reserve force regiment in the SA Army Infantry Formation. The regiment retained this award for 2009.

Name change
In August 2019, 52 Reserve Force units had their names changed to reflect the diverse military history of South Africa. The First City became the Chief Makhanda Regiment, and have 3 years to design and implement new regimental insignia.

Regimental symbols

Badges

Bonny Badge: silver crest of Montrose; directly behind the void areas of the badge on the Montrose tartan the following is worn:
Scarlet – officers and warrant officers
Blue – All other members
Maroon – All Airborne qualified members
The officers & WOs wear a diamond-shaped tartan backing, while the NCOs and Rfn wear a square tartan backing.
Cap badge backing (1935– ): Graham of Montrose tartan. 1935 to 1943 pale red hackle also worn.
 1943 to 1945 only a green and gold hackle was worn during this period. FC/CTH
 Collar badge: albany leopard on a branch
 Shoulder & epaulette title: "First City"
 Officers & WOs wear the gold metal epaulette designation on the red tab.
NCOs & Rfn wear a gold and green cloth shoulder title

Headdress
Blue Balmoral bonnet with blue and white dicing, with a red toorie in 1935. The regiment's Highland company wore a Tam o'shanter without the toorie from 1906 to 1913, while the pipers wore a dark blue Glengarry.
The new blue glengarry with blue and white dicing has the Maroon toorie to symbolise the regiment's airborne role. (Worn by officers & WOs)
The khaki tam o'shanter when worn by air assault members has a maroon toorie. (Worn by S/Sgt/Rfn)
The officers and WOs when in service/combat dress wear the light khaki balmoral.

Tartan
Graham of Montrose. The highland company was kilted in 1906, while the officers and warrant officers were allowed to wear trews from 1935 and the whole regiment was kilted in 1940.

Motto
New motto: "Expecto" (be alert/be prepared/I await)
 Old FCV Motto: Virtute et opera (By Virtue and Deeds)
 Old QVR Motto: Semper Paratus (Always Ready)

Current dress insignia

Alliances
 British: The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment (from 1928 to 1958), then renamed The Royal Anglian Regiment (1958 to 1961).

Battle honours

Leadership

Notes

References

Infantry regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations in Grahamstown
1875 establishments in the British Empire
Military history of South Africa
Military units and formations of the Second Boer War
Military units and formations of the British Empire
Military units and formations of South Africa in the Border War
Military units and formations established in 1875


Allens Grove Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,017.

Geography
Allens Grove Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Donahue.  According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Allens Grove.

The streams of Hickory Creek and Mud Creek run through this township.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Blue Grass Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 3,592.

Geography
Blue Grass Township covers an area of  and contains two incorporated settlements: Blue Grass and Walcott.  According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Kisenmacher and Walcott.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Buffalo Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 4,688.

Geography
Buffalo Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Buffalo.  According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Asbury, Blue Grass, Rose Hill and Saint Peter's.

The streams of Dodges Creek, Donaldson Creek and Moore Creek run through this township.

Transportation
Buffalo Township contains one airport or landing strip, Village Oaks Landing Strip.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Butler Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 3,454.

Geography
Butler Township covers an area of  and contains two incorporated settlements: McCausland and Park View.  According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Fairview, McCausland, Mount Joy and Mount Union.

The streams of Glynn Creek and McDonald Creek run through this township.

Transportation
Butler Township contains one airport or landing strip, Quiet Valley Heliport.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Cleona Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 509.

Geography
Cleona Township covers an area of  and contains no incorporated settlements.

Transportation
Cleona Township contains one airport or landing strip, Workman Airfield.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


The Warren Hills AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Warren County, New Jersey.  The Warren Hills region includes several small valleys formed by tributaries of the Delaware River.  The valleys drain from northeast to southwest, and most vineyards in the area are planted on southeast-facing hill slopes.  The region is primarily planted with French hybrid grapes. It has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and is located in hardiness zones 6b and 6a.

Boundary
The Warren Hills AVA is exclusively in Warren County, and consists of most of the county, excluding the northwesternmost portion bordering Sussex County.  The Federal Register describes the boundaries of the Warren Hills AVA as having the following boundaries:
(1) The beginning point of the following boundary description is the junction of the Delaware River and the Musconetcong River, at the southern tip of Warren County. (2) From the beginning point, the boundary goes northeastward along the Musconetcong River about 32 miles to the point where it intersects the Warren County-Sussex County line. (3) Then northwestward along that county line for about 10 miles to Paulins Kill. (4) Then generally southwestward along Paulins Kill to the Delaware River. (4) Then generally south-southwestward along the Delaware River to the beginning point.

Wineries
, there are 5 wineries in the Warren Hills AVA.

 Alba Vineyard in Finesville
 Brook Hollow Winery in Columbia
 Four Sisters Winery in White Township
 Vacchiano Farm in Washington
 Villa Milagro Vineyards in Finesville

References

See also
Alcohol laws of New Jersey
Cape May Peninsula AVA
Central Delaware Valley AVA
Garden State Wine Growers Association
Judgment of Princeton
List of wineries, breweries, and distilleries in New Jersey
New Jersey Farm Winery Act
New Jersey wine
New Jersey Wine Industry Advisory Council
Outer Coastal Plain AVA

American Viticultural Areas
Delaware River
New Jersey wine
Geography of Warren County, New Jersey
1988 establishments in New Jersey


Richard Oehler (; 27 February 1878, Heckholzhausen, Hesse-Nassau – 13 November 1948, Wiesbaden) was a German Nietzsche scholar – an early editor of the philosopher's works, and author of Friedrich Nietzsche und die deutsche Zukunft (Leipzig: Armanen-Verlag, 1935), which has been characterized by  Walter Kaufmann as "one of the first Nazi books on Nietzsche" (Basic Writings of Nietzsche, New York: The Modern Library, 2000, p. 387, n. 27). His brother was Max Oehler, who directed the Nietzsche Archive in Weimar, Germany. The Oehlers were family relations of the Nietzsches.

References

 Ernst Klee, Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 440.

1878 births
1948 deaths
People from Limburg-Weilburg
People from Hesse-Nassau
German scholars
Nazi Party politicians
Militant League for German Culture members
Förderndes Mitglied der SS
SS personnel
Nietzsche scholars


The Ontario Tankard is the Southern Ontario provincial championship for men's curling. The winner represents Team Ontario at the Tim Hortons Brier. The tournament is overseen by CurlON (formerly the Ontario Curling Association).

Northern Ontario has its own provincial championship, known as the Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Curling Championship.

This championship is not to be confused with the Silver Tankard, historically also known as the Ontario Tankard (and until 1937 a Brier qualifier).

Qualification
Since 2017, the qualification has varied from year to year:
2017: 10 teams total (Top two southern Ontario teams in the CTRS standings; Six teams from two regional qualifiers; Two teams from a challenge round).
2018: 12 teams total (Top two CTRS ranked teams; Six teams from two regional qualifiers; Three teams from a challenge round; And the Colts champion team).
2019: 10 teams total (Top three CTRS ranked teams; Five teams from three cash spiels; Two teams from an open qualifier).
2020: 9 teams total (Top three CTRS ranked teams; Four teams from two cash spiels; Two teams from an open qualifier).
2022: Originally 8 teams (Top two CTRS ranked teams; Top Trillium Tour series team; Two teams from a cash spiel; three from an open qualifier.) The open qualifier was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so the top seven CTRS teams who had signed up for the qualifier were invited, expanding the number of entries in the tankard to 12.
2023: 12 teams total (Top 2 "Grand Slam series" teams; Top 2 "Trillium Tour '1,000' Series" teams; Top 3 "Trillium Tour '500' Series" teams; Top "Trillium Tour '250' Series (Under-25) team; Four teams from an open qualifier).

Between 1972 and 2016, the event usually had 10 teams: Four teams from each of the four OCA regions, and one winner each from an eastern and western challenge round. When Ontario won the previous Brier, that team would be added to the field for the following season. In 1999, when Ontario had not only won the previous Brier, but an Ontario team also won the 1997 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, the field was expanded to 12 teams, giving them an automatic berth.

Format
The format of the Tankard has differed each year since 2018:
2018: Triple knockout followed by a four team page playoff.
2019: Round robin followed by a four team page playoff.
2020: Round robin followed by a three-team playoff.
2022: Triple knockout followed by a four team page playoff.
2022: Round robin within two pools of six, followed by a four team championship round, followed by a three team playoff.

From 1972 to 1981, the tournament was a strict round robin affair, with the team with the best record being crowned champion (a tiebreaker would be held if necessary). From 1981 to 2000, the tournament consisted of a round robin followed by a three team playoff. In 2001, the playoff was replaced with a four team page playoff.

Former Names
Ontario Silver Tankard: 1927-1931
1932: Round robin playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard, Canada Life Trophy and the Toronto Bonspiel.
1933: Winner was decided between a playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard and the Toronto Bonspiel.
Ontario Silver Tankard: 1934-1937
British Consols: 1938-1979
Labatt Tankard: 1980-1985
Blue Light Tankard: 1986-1994
Labatt Tankard: 1995
Nokia Cup: 1996-2003
Ontario Men's Curling Championship: 2004
Kia Cup: 2005-2006
TSC Stores Tankard: 2007-2009
Ontario Men's Curling Championship: 2010
The Dominion Tankard: 2011-2013
Travelers Tankard: 2014
Recharge with Milk Tankard: 2015-2017
Dairy Farmers of Ontario Tankard: 2018
Ontario Curling Championships: 2019–2020
Port Elgin Chrysler Ontario Tankard: 2022–23

Brier representatives
Listed below are the list of Ontario's representatives at the Brier that year. Brier champions indicated in bold. From 1927 to 1931, Toronto had a separate entry at the Brier.

1927–1931
From 1927 to 1931, teams representing Ontario at the Brier were selected from the winning club at the Ontario Silver Tankard, a double rink event which has taken place since 1875.

1932–1980
There was no Brier from 1943 to 1945 due to World War II. Listed here for those years are the winners of the British Consols, the usual Brier qualifying event.

1981–present
A playoff was added to the event in 1981. The 2021 Tankard was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario.

References
List of Champions - Ontario Curling Association

External links

Recurring sporting events established in 1927
1927 establishments in Ontario


Gurmatia is an extinct small genus of pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae.

The genus is known only from fossils (Holocene).

Shell description
The shell in this genus is small, ovate-conic, thin and translucent. The protoconch is heterostrophic and smooth, and it is obliquely immersed in the first adult whorl.

The adult shell has a sculpture of spiral cords which are separated by deep grooves. The spiral cords have numerous transverse threads in their intervals.

The straight, vertical aperture lacks the fold that most members of Odostomiinae have. The shell opening (aperture) is truncate-subovate.

Compared to Euparthenia Thiele, 1929, Gurmatia lacks a columellar fold and has no axial ribs. Compared to Monotygma J. E. Gray, 1847 (=Actaeopyramis Fisher, 1885) it is considerably smaller, and is more strongly shouldered.

The type species is Gurmatia wilkinsi Dance & Eames, 1966. This is a small shell. It is ovate-conic in outline, thin and translucent. The protoconch is smooth, heterostrophic and obliquely immersed in the succeeding whorl. The post-nuclear whorls with spiral cords are separated by deep grooves. The spiral cords are with numerous, transverse threads in their intervals. The columella is without folds (teeth) and straight and vertical. The aperture is truncate to subovate and imperforate.

Compared to Euparthenia -  Gurmatia has lacks axial ribs and columellar folds. Compared to Actaeopyramis, it is much smallerand with fewer whorl that are more strongly shouldered. It is less turreted, lacking spiral rows of punctae in the intervals between the spiral cordons. The spiral cordons themselves are relatively stronger. If compared to Leucotina, it is less ovate and has a higher spire with more shouldered whorls. The last whorl is also less prominently convex. It is lacking the spiral rows of punctae between the spiral cordons, and shows no trace of a columellar fold."

The shell of the type species is small and thin, ovate-conic, white to semi-translucid. The protoconch is smooth, consisting of one and half whorls obliquely immersed in the succeeding whorl. Three post-nuclear whorls that are moderately convex and gently shouldered, with a deep linear suture. The spire occupies about 2/3 of the total height of the shell. The sculpture consists of 5-7 rounded, equidistant, spiral cords separated by deep spiral grooves of about equal width. The spiral cords has numerous, regularly spaced, procurrent transverse threads (about 1/2 to 1/3 the width of their intervals) between them. The base of the last whorl has six to seven additional spiral cords which become weaker abapically. The aperture is truncate to subovate. The outer lip is thin and semi-transparent, practically straight and gently procurrent. It is smooth internally. The columella is perpendicular and without folds. It is Imperforate.

The measurements of the holotype are: Height 26 mm. Width 1–2 mm, and of the paratype: Height 3–1 mm. Width 1–0 mm.
Type locality:. Gurmat Ali, right bank, 56 ft below surface of Alluvium
holotype; Recent, Madras, M. D. Crichton leg., one paratype.

Life habits
Little is known about the biology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are most likely ectoparasites.

Species
Species within the genus Gurmatia include:
 † Gurmatia wilkinsi Dance & Eames, 1966 - type species, deposited at The Natural History Museum, London with access number B.M.N.H. 196528.
 † Gurmatia pulchrior (Melvill, 1904)

References

Pyramidellidae


Bans is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Lancaster School District is a school district that serves a major part of the city of Lancaster, California (USA).

The Lancaster School District was first formed in 1885. Approximately 15,500 students are enrolled in the Lancaster School District. The district consists of 21 schools:
 1 Preschool
 14 Elementary schools
 4 Junior high schools
 1 Alternative education school
 1 Special education school

The Lancaster School District serves Kindergarten through the 8th grade. All public high school level education (9th – 12th grades) in the metropolitan area is provided by the Antelope Valley Union High School District.

List of schools
Most of the district's  lies within the City of Lancaster with a small portion in the unincorporated boundaries of the Los Angeles County. All Lancaster School District school properties are located within the city limits of Lancaster.

Elementary schools
Desert View Elementary School
Discovery School
El Dorado Elementary School
Jack Northrop Elementary School
Joshua Elementary School
Lincoln Elementary School
Linda Verde Elementary School
Mariposa Computer Science Magnet School
Mller Elementary School
Monte Vista Elementary School
Nancy Cory Elementary School
Sierra Elementary School
Sunnydale Elementary School
West Wind Elementary School

Junior high schools
Amargosa Creek Middle School
Endeavour Middle School
Fulton & Alsbury Academy
New Vista Middle School
Piute Middle School

Alternative education schools
The Leadership Academy (Formerly: Crossroads Alternative School)

Special education schools
The Promise Academy(Formerly: Linda Verde Center)

See also

 Drennan v. Star Paving Co.: A court case involving the construction of Monte Vista Elementary School
 List of school districts in California

References

External links
 Lancaster School District

Education in Lancaster, California
School districts in Los Angeles County, California
School districts established in 1885
1885 establishments in California


Barésia-sur-l'Ain (, literally Barésia on the Ain) is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Hickory Grove Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 671.

Geography
Hickory Grove Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Maysville.  According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Burch, Linn Grove, Maysville and O'Toole.

Transportation
Hickory Grove Township contains one airport or landing strip, Stender Airport.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Barretaine () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Baume-les-Messieurs () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

The village lies within the most extensive of the steephead valleys of the Jura escarpment, the Reculée de Baume.  It is therefore almost surrounded by limestone cliffs about 200m high. One of the source rivers of the Seille, the Seille de Baume, has its source within the Reculée and flows through the village.  A short tributary of the Seille de Baume, the Dard, merges with the Seille at Baume; at the source of the Dard, also within the Reculée, there is a notable series of caves.

The village is dominated by the former Baume Abbey, and in consequence has a significant tourist trade, though this mainly involves day visitors.  Conducted tours both of the abbey and of the Dard caves are offered.  The GR 59 long-distance footpath passes through the village.

Population

See also
Baume Abbey
Communes of the Jura department

References

External links
Tourist information for the upper Seille valley (in French)

Communes of Jura (department)
Plus Beaux Villages de France


Le Claire Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 4,263.

Geography
Le Claire Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Le Claire.  According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Fairview, Glendale, Jacks and LeClaire Prairie.

The streams of McCarty Creek, Olathea Creek, Silver Creek and Sycamore Creek run through this township.

Transportation
Le Claire Township contains two airports or landing strips: Schurr Airport and Schurr Landing Strip.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Baverans () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Liberty Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 746.

Geography
Liberty Township covers an area of  and contains two incorporated settlements: Dixon and New Liberty.  According to the USGS, it contains six cemeteries: Big Rock, Dixon, New Liberty, Pioneer, Round Grove and Saint Patricks.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Lincoln Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 634.

Geography
Lincoln Township covers an area of  and contains no incorporated settlements.  According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Kay Family and Miller.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Beaufort () is a former commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Beaufort-Orbagna.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Former communes of Jura (department)
Populated places disestablished in 2019


Princeton Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,466.

Geography
Princeton Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Princeton.  According to the USGS, it contains five cemeteries: Fessler, Nowlin, Oak Ridge, Princeton City and Salem.

The streams of Bud Creek, Cordova Slough, Old Channel Lost Creek, South Fork Lost Creek, Wapsipinicon River and Whiskey Run Creek run through this township.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and the Law (JBEL) is a legal periodical published by Pepperdine University School of Law. JBEL, a subset of the Geoffrey H. Palmer Center for Entrepreneurship and the Law, began publication in the 2007–2008 academic year.

The primary objective of JBEL is to contribute to the body of legal knowledge in the fields of business and entrepreneurship through publication of a high quality and professional periodical. JBEL publishes two issues per year, one each fall and spring semester, containing articles from students, academics, practitioners, lawmakers, regulators, and entrepreneurs in the fields of business law and entrepreneurship.

Additionally, JBEL hosts symposia in the fields of business law and entrepreneurship and publishes resulting symposia issues.

JBEL is a student run organization. Student editors make all editorial and organizational decisions, including article selection, editing, publishing, and hosting symposia. Staff members are selected on the basis of scholarship and their ability to excel at legal research and writing. Staff membership is recognized as both an honor and a unique educational experience.

References

External links
 http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/jbel/

Law journals edited by students
Academic journals established in 2007
American law journals
English-language journals
Pepperdine University
Business law journals


Beffia () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


In Judaism, views on abortion draw primarily upon the legal and ethical teachings of the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud, the case-by-case decisions of responsa, and other rabbinic literature. While all major Jewish religious movements allow or encourage abortion in order to save the life of a pregnant woman, authorities differ on when and whether it is permitted in other cases.

Biblical sources

There is no direct reference in the Hebrew Bible to an intentional termination of pregnancy.

 refers to the Ordeal of the bitter water, which has been interpreted by some biblical commentators as an ordeal that produces a miscarriage in an unfaithful wife, thus verifying or falsifying a charge of adultery.

 refers to a birth or miscarriage as a result of a violent altercation where a pregnant woman is injured, either intentionally or unintentionally, causing her to either give birth prematurely or to miscarry, and reads: "And if men strive together, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart (i.e., stillbirth), and yet no harm follow, he shall be surely fined whatever the woman's husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life."

The ancient Jewish historian Philo taught that the term "harm" refers exclusively to the child, and whether a fine is imposed or capital punishment depends on whether the fetus has sufficiently formed. According to Rashi and other Talmudic commentators, the term "harm" refers only to the mother, and traditionally, unless the mother was harmed too, only a fine was imposed for causing a miscarriage.

In mainstream rabbinic Judaism, this verse is one of several key texts that substantiate the later rabbinic prohibition on most cases of abortion. However, others have argued that abortion is not considered murder and that "Jewish law does not consider a fetus to be alive." To support such a view, it is suggested that this verse shows "that the fetus is not a person. The primary concern is the well-being of the person who was injured." According to many rishonim, this verse proves that the fetus does not have the status of a human life.

Rabbinic sources
Rabbinic law or halakhah allows abortion in certain circumstances. Some authorities permitted abortion in cases of 'great need.'

Most Rabbinic interpretations even insist on abortion in order to the save the pregnant woman's life. The fetus is viewed as valuable, but not considered human. "The existing life takes precedence over the potential life."

Importance of saving a fetus
In halakha, just as the principle of pikuach nefesh allows violating nearly all laws in order to save a human life, many laws may be violated in order to save the life of a fetus. Shabbat must be violated to save the life of a fetus. A pregnant woman who develops a ravenous hunger must be fed even on Yom Kippur to prevent loss of life; later authorities debate whether the situation describes involves danger to the fetus, mother, or both.

Fetus as less than fully human
Rabbinic Judaism does not regard the fetus as a full human being. While deliberately killing a day-old baby is murder, according to the Mishnah, a fetus is not covered by this rule. In the reading of Biblical homicide laws, rabbinic sages argue that homicide concerns an animate human being (nefesh adam from Lev. 24:17) alone, not an embryo... because the embryo is not a person (lav nefesh hu). An embryo is not deemed a fully viable person (bar kayyama), but rather a being of "doubtful viability". Hence, for instance, Jewish mourning rites do not apply to an unborn child. The status of the embryo is also indicated by its treatment as "an appendage of its mother" for such matters as ownership, maternal conversion and purity law.<ref>Feldman 253f. who also cites Y.K. Miklishanski in "Mishpat ha-Ubar" in Jubilee Volume in Honor of Simon Federbush, Jerusalem 1961, pp. 251–260. Similarly, the death penalty is carried out on a pregnant woman even though the innocent fetus will be killed, on the basis that the fetus is an appendage of the mother (Arakhin 7a)</ref> In even more evocative language, the Talmud states in a passage on priestly rules that the fetus "is considered to be mere water" until its 40th day. Elsewhere, the Talmud speaks of a "moment of determination" and a "moment of creation" in regard to different stages of the fetus. Rashi explains that the moment of creation is when bones and arteries begin to form and in other places he says that the "moment of creation" is at the 40th day.

Modern scholars draw a sharp contrast between the theologies behind Jewish and Catholic opposition to abortion. After favorably reviewing Christian opposition to abortion, Immanuel Jakobovits writes: "In Jewish law, the right to destroy a human fruit before birth is entirely unrelated to theological considerations. Neither the question of the entry of the soul before birth nor the claim to salvation after death have any practical bearing on the subject." Although halakhic regulations works strenuously to protect the unborn child, he says that "none of these regulations necessarily prove that the foetus enjoys human inviolability." In contrast to the neo-Platonic and Christian approach, moreover, Talmudic thought does not "make any legal distinction between formed and unformed foetuses," after the 40th day. Feldman, likewise, is emphatically comparative, saying: "... while Christianity's position on abortion has raised the moral level of western civilization in this regard and has succeeded in sensitizing humanity to a greater reverence for life, it is obviously comprised, at the same time, of theological postulates which the Jewish community can not share." Feldman also points out that Talmudic debate over whether the soul achieves immortality upon conception, or at a far later stage, has little bearing on halakhic protections for the fetus because, absent a doctrine of original sin, "abortion would not interfere with the immortal rights or destiny of the foetus."

Precedence of the mother's life
The fetus however, though considered "alive" to the extent that its life is protected, is not considered fully alive to the extent that if it endangered the mother's life it takes precedence. Thus if a pregnancy risks the life of the mother, the Rabbis rule that the mother's life takes precedence and that the child may be aborted so as to save the mother's life: "If a woman is in hard travail, one cuts up the offspring in her womb and brings it forth member by member, because her life comes before the life of her foetus. But if the greater part has proceeded forth, one may not set aside one person for the sake of saving another." According to the text this can be done until the point of yatza rubo (יָצָא רֻבּוֹ), that "the majority [of the fetus] has exited". This is taken to refer to the emergence of the baby during childbirth.

According to Rashi, the reason behind this law is that a fetus is not a viable soul (lav nefesh hu) until it is born, and killing it to save the woman is permitted. Maimonides, though, justified the law not because the fetus is less than a nefesh (human being), as the Talmud held, but rather through the principle of the rodef or pursuer, "pursuing her to kill her." Schiff argues that the Maimonidean view is "unprecedented" and "without doubt, this hitherto unexpressed insight had dramatic potential ramifications for the parameters of permissible abortion." Meir Abulafia and Menachem Meiri reaffirm Rashi's view.

Noachide prohibition on abortion
 says, "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed..." The Talmud understands this verse as alluding to a fetus ("Whoever sheds the blood of man within man, his blood shall be shed") and thus prohibiting abortion to non-Jews.

According to Maimonides, a non-Jew who kills "even one unborn in the womb of its mother" is guilty of murder according to the Noahide Laws,  and is liable for the death penalty. The penalty of having his blood spilt, is interpreted by Maimonides as referring to a punishment by the hands of heaven, and not by the courts or man to man.

According to many authorities, this prohibition of murder does not apply throughout the pregnancy, but only (depending on the source) after the 8th, 13th, or 22nd to 23rd week of pregnancy.

Tosafot (11th-13th centuries) discusses the connection between the obligations of Jews and non-Jews. Follows the Talmudic principle that there is nothing that is prohibited to the Noahide that is permissible to Jews, Tosafot concluded abortion must in general be prohibited to Jews also, though the (theoretical) punishment for violations would apply only to gentiles.Eisenberg compares the prohibition, without punishment, to the status of the treifah. Conversely, Tosafot suggests that perhaps, since Jews are permitted therapeutic abortions for the sake of maternal life, Noahide law likewise allows non-Jews to undergo therapeutic abortion. Given this near parity, rabbinic law prohibits Jews from assisting gentiles with forbidden abortions, for which the gentiles would be culpable of bloodshed. Viewing Noahide law as a universalizing ethics, Sinclair states: "it is evident that the halakhah in the area of foeticide is shaped by a combination of legal doctrine and moral principle."

The Tosafot text that applies Noahide law to forbid abortion does not go unchallenged. Another commentary in Tosafot (Niddah 44b) appears to question whether foeticide is permitted;Feldman p. 262. however, this is not the plain interpretation of that Tosafot.

Legal rulings
In the standard code of Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, therapeutic abortion is permitted; Maimonides's language, speaking of the fetus as pursuer, is included verbatim. A key commentator, R. Joshua Falk, explains that abortion does not trade off one life for another life because the embryo is "not a person" prior to birth. An ordinary abortion is a violation of civil or monetary law, not criminal law, as emphasized by R. Ezekiel Landau among others.

Later authorities have differed as to how far one might go in defining the peril to the woman in order to justify abortion, and at what stage of gestation a fetus is considered as having a soul, at which point one life cannot take precedence over another.

In a key responsum, R. Yair Bacharach found it permissible to perform an abortion on a woman who became pregnant after an affair, causing the child resulting from this pregnancy to be classified as a mamzer. R. Bachrach distinguishes early stage from later stage abortions. His reasoning is based on a Talmudic commentary to the effect that Sabbath laws may be violated for a fetus, but only for a later-stage embryo. Several authorities say that Jewish law is less strict for terminating embryos before 40 days. He also concludes that the embryo may be treated as a pursuer rodef, as Maimonides as opined, though simultaneously he upholds Rashi's view of the reduced status of the fetus. Bachrach then offers a novel rationale for denying the requested abortion. He argues the abortion, like certain forms of contraception, frustrates the mitzvah of reproduction and destroys the "seed" needed to be "fruitful and multiply."

Various Jewish scholars have expressed additional lenient stances on abortions under specific circumstances. These include contemporary scholar Eliezer Waldenberg, who argued in favor of abortions in cases of serious birth defects or extreme mental or psychological danger to the woman.

Orthodox Judaism
In general, Orthodox Judaism opposes most abortion, but permits it when the pregnancy endangers the woman's life.Immanuel Jakobovits, Jewish Views on Abortion Some authorities permit abortion in more circumstances. For example, Rabbi Waldenberg wrote that there is room for leniency if there is a danger to maternal health or severe pain, and permitted abortion of an abnormal fetus before quickening and within three months of conception.

Conservative Judaism
The Rabbinical Assembly Committee on Jewish Law and Standards has ruled that an abortion is justifiable if a continuation of pregnancy might cause the woman severe physical or psychological harm, or if the fetus is judged by competent medical opinion as severely defective; a fetus is a life in the process of development, and the decision to abort should never be taken lightly. The Conservative position thus follows those of the Acharonim who permit an abortion in case of acute potential emotional and psychological harm.

Before reaching her final decision, conservative Judaism holds that a woman should consult with the biological father, other members of her family, her physician, her Rabbi, and any other person who can help her in assessing the legal and moral issues involved.

Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism permits abortion when the woman's life is at stake as well as when a pregnancy is "a result of rape or incest, when genetic testing has determined that a child would be born with a disease that would cause death or severe disability and the parents believe that the impending birth will be an impossible situation for them" and for several other reasons. More generally, the "Reform perspective on abortion can be described as follows: Abortion is an extremely difficult choice faced by a woman. In all circumstances, it should be her decision whether or not to terminate a pregnancy, backed up by those whom she trusts (physician, therapist, partner, etc.). This decision should not be taken lightly (abortion should never be used for birth control purposes) and can have life-long ramifications. However, any decision should be left up to the woman within whose body the fetus is growing."

The Reform Movement has actively opposed legislation to restrict the right of women to choose to abort a fetus, especially in situations in which the health of the woman is endangered by continued pregnancy. This pro-abortion rights position has been linked by some Reform authorities to the value that Reform Judaism places upon autonomy—the right of individuals to act as moral agents on their own behalf. In writing against a legal ban on so-called "partial birth abortion," Rabbi David Ellenson, president of the Reform Movement's Hebrew Union College, has written, "This law as it has been enacted unquestionably diminishes the inviolable status and worth that ought to be granted women as moral agents created in the image of God."

Jews and abortion policies

With the emergence of modern Jewish identity in the late 18th century, Jewish views on abortion have bifurcated along movement lines, especially between Orthodox Judaism and its more liberal counterparts. By the 20th century, liberal-minded Jews were among those most active in the abortion-rights movements. These reproductive rights activists included Betty Friedan, Bernard Nathanson, and Gloria Steinem (however, later in life Nathanson became an anti-abortion activist and converted to Catholicism). In the U.S., a few politically-conservative Republican Jews also have been pro-abortion rights. A few Jewish groups concentrate on abortion issues, both anti-abortion and pro-abortion rights.
In the United States, Conservative Judaism, Reconstructionist Judaism and Reform Judaism are usually aligned with the interfaith Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice. Orthodox organizations such as the Orthodox Union and Agudas Yisrael have occasionally partnered with pro-abortion rights organizations in order to ensure that abortions will be available to women whose lives are endangered by the fetus.

Polls of Jews in America report that 88% of American Jews are pro-abortion rights.

In Israel, abortion is allowed with the approval of a termination committee if the woman is unmarried, because of age (if the woman is under the age of 17 - the legal marriage age in Israel - or over the age 40), the pregnancy was conceived under illegal circumstances (rape, statutory rape, etc.) or an incestuous relationship, birth defects, risk of health to the mother, and life of the mother. Abortion in Israel had been illegal prior to 1977. It became legal subject to termination committee approval under the penal code of 1978. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics report from 2004, in 2003 most abortion requests were granted, with 19,500 legal abortions performed and 200 requests for abortion denied. Reasons for termination went as follows: the woman was unmarried (42%), because of illegal circumstances (11%), health risks to the woman (about 20%), age of the woman (11%) and fetal birth defects (about 17%).

There is an abortion debate in Israel. Orthodox Jewish organizations, including political parties, strongly oppose unrestricted abortion because the Chief Rabbinate of Israel follows an interpretation of Jewish law that views abortion impermissible in most cases. Political parties that champion this view include Shas, a Sephardic Haredi party; United Torah Judaism, an Ashkenazi Haredi party; and HaBayit HaYehudi (Jewish Home), a Religious Zionist party. A study published in 2001 found that opposition to abortion among Israelis was correlated to strong religious beliefs - particularly Orthodox Jewish beliefs - below-average income, larger family size, and identification with right-wing politics. The left-wing party Meretz argues in favor of legalized abortion for reasons of personal liberty. In 2006, MK Zehava Gal-On of Meretz proposed a bill that would eliminate the termination committees, effectively decriminalizing unrestricted abortion. Gal-On argued that women with financial means can have abortions in private clinics, bypassing the committee and therefore gaining rights based on their wealth. The bill was rejected by a wide margin.

See also

 Abortion in Israel

References

Notes

Jewish sources
 Bleich, J. David. "Abortion in halakhic literature" in Contemporary halakhic problems. KTAV, 1977
 Eisenberg, Daniel, M.D. "Stem Cell Research in Jewish Law" 2001. Published at Jlaw.com with note that "This article was reviewed for halachic accuracy by Rabbi Sholom Kaminetsky of the Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia."
 Feldman, David. 1974. Marital Relations, Birth Control, and Abortion in Jewish Law. New York: Schocken Books.
 Jakobovits, Immanuel. 1959. Jewish Medical Ethics. New York: Bloch Publishing.
 Mackler, Aaron L., ed. 2000. Life & Death Responsibilities in Jewish Biomedical Ethics. JTS.
 Meacham (leBeit Yoreh), Tirzah. 27 February 2009. "Abortion", Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive.
  Rosner, Fred. 1986. Modern Medicine and Jewish Ethics. New York: Yeshiva University Press.
 Schiff, Daniel. Abortion in Judaism. 2002. Cambridge University Press.
 Sinclair, Daniel. Jewish biomedical law. Oxford
  Steinberg, Avram. 1998. "Abortion and Miscarriage," Encyclopedia Hilchatit Refuit. English edition Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics (translation by Fred Rosner) 2003. Jerusalem: Feldheim, pp. 1–29 (online source).

 External links
 The Fetus in Jewish Law,  F. Rosner. In  Biomedical Ethics and Jewish Law'',  Ktav (2001). ;

it:Rapporto tra religione ed aborto
pt:Religião e aborto


Sheridan Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 4,646.

Geography
Sheridan Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Eldridge.  According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Eldridge.

References

 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Marco Dominic Dapper is an American actor and model, best known for his role Carmine Basco on The Young and the Restless. He moved to Los Angeles in 2003, where he has studied acting at Lesly Kahn, Beverly Hills Playhouse, and Baron Brown.

Filmography

References

External links

21st-century American male actors
Male actors from California
American male film actors
Male models from California
American male television actors
American male soap opera actors
Living people
People from Hayward, California
Year of birth missing (living people)


Bellecombe () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Winfield Township is a township in Scott County, Iowa, USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,479.

Geography
Winfield Township covers an area of  and contains one incorporated settlement, Long Grove.  According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Long Grove Christian Church and Saint Anns Catholic.

The stream of Mason Creek runs through this township.

References
 USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

External links
 US-Counties.com
 City-Data.com

Townships in Scott County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa


Bellefontaine () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


James Michael Moynihan (July 6, 1932 – March 6, 2017) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the ninth Bishop of Syracuse.

Biography
James Moynihan was born in Rochester, New York, to Michael Joseph and Carolyn Elizabeth (née Horigan) Moynihan; he had one sister, Carol Anne. He graduated Nazareth Hall School for Boys in 1946, and then attended St. Andrew's Seminary High School until 1950, and St. Andrew and St. Bernard Seminary College, graduating in 1954 with his Bachelor of Arts degree. Moynihan then traveled to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical North American College, from where he obtained his licentiate in theology, and the Pontifical Gregorian University, earning a doctorate in canon law summa cum laude. He was ordained to the priesthood, for the Diocese of Rochester, by Archbishop Martin O'Connor on December 15, 1957, at the chapel of the North American College.

Upon his return to the United States, Moynihan became associate pastor at Our Lady of Mt. Carmel in Rochester in 1961, also serving as defender of the bond and promoter of justice in the diocesan tribunal (1961–1966). He was the private secretary of Bishop James Kearney from 1963 to 1966, and was later made Vice-Chancellor (1965) and Chancellor (1967) of Rochester.

In the capacity of Catholic chaplain, Moynihan served the Monroe County jail, Rochester police department (1962–1973), and Highland Hospital (1974–1976). Moynihan then served as pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Penfield until 1991. Then he became associate secretary general of the Catholic Near East Welfare Association, which he successfully registered with the U.S. Agency for International Development. In addition to his other duties, he was director of the Bishop's Annual Catholic Thanksgiving Appeal from 1985-89. He was raised to the rank of Chaplain to His Holiness in 1993.

On April 4, 1995, Moynihan was appointed the ninth Bishop of Syracuse by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following May 29 from John Cardinal O’Connor, with Bishops Joseph O'Keefe and Matthew Clark serving as co-consecrators.

In 1998, Moynihan removed Fr. Richard McBrien as a columnist for the diocesan newspaper, replacing him with the more theologically conservative writer George Weigel, much to the clergy's dismay. In November 2001 he released a pastoral letter to the people of Syracuse entitled: Equipping the Saints for the Work of Ministry.

The Bishop was a founding member of the Bishop Sheen Ecumenical Housing Foundation, named after the Servant of God Fulton J. Sheen, as well. He retired on 26 May 2009. He was succeeded by Bishop Robert J. Cunningham.

Moynihan died on March 6, 2017, at the age of 84.

References

External links
Diocese of Syracuse

1932 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Roman Catholic bishops of Syracuse
Religious leaders from Rochester, New York
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States


Keith Allred may refer to:

 Keith G. Allred (born 1964), 2010 Democratic nominee for Governor of Idaho
 Keith J. Allred, American lawyer in the United States Navy


Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris (, in full the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, the Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris) or MAM Paris, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries, including monumental murals by Raoul Dufy, Gaston Suisse, and Henri Matisse. It is located at 11, Avenue du Président Wilson in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

The museum is one of the 14 City of Paris' Museums that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public institution Paris Musées.

History
Located in the eastern wing of the Palais de Tokyo and constructed for the International Exhibition of Arts and Technology of 1937, the museum was inaugurated in 1961.

The museum reopened in October 2019 after a €10 million redesign by h2o architectes.

Programs
The museum collections include more than 15,000 works from art movements of the 20th century. Exhibitions highlight the European and international art scenes of the 20th century, as well as  displaying monographic and thematic exhibitions of trends in today's art. Temporary exhibitions run every six weeks.

Collections
The museum's permanent collection includes works by:

Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Henri Matisse, Emile Othon Friesz, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Maurice de Vlaminck, Georges Rouault, Raoul Dufy, Marie Laurencin, Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard, Albert Marquet, Henri Laurens, Jacques Lipchitz, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, André Lhote, Juan Gris, Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Csaky, Ossip Zadkine, Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, František Kupka, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Fernand Léger, Jean Hélion, Auguste Herbin, Joaquín Torres-García, Natalia Gontcharova, Luigi Russolo, Amedeo Modigliani, Giorgio de Chirico, Alberto Magnelli, Gino Severini, Kees van Dongen, Bart van der Leck, Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Maurice Utrillo, Suzanne Valadon, André Derain, Moïse Kisling, Marcel Gromaire, Marc Chagall, Chaïm Soutine, Leonard Foujita, Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Crotti, Man Ray, Max Ernst, André Masson, Victor Brauner, Hans Bellmer, Roberto Matta, Wifredo Lam, Jean Fautrier, Jean Dubuffet, Bernard Buffet, Pierre Soulages, Nicolas de Staël, Zao Wou Ki, Pierre Alechinsky, Henri Michaux, Étienne-Martin, Antoni Tàpies, Lucio Fontana, Yves Klein, Arman, Martial Raysse, Jean Tinguely, Christo, Victor Vasarely, François Morellet, Carlos Cruz-Diez, Bridget Riley, Daniel Buren, Nam June Paik, Mario Merz, Giuseppe Penone, Luciano Fabro, Simon Hantaï, Delphine Coindet, Bernard Frize, Jean-Michel Othoniel, Robert Rauschenberg, Keith Haring, John Heartfield, James Lee Byars, Peter Doig, Otto Freundlich, Hannah Höch, Hans Hartung, Gerhard Richter, Georg Baselitz, Sigmar Polke, Jörg Immendorff, Wolf Vostell, Andreas Gursky, Markus Lüpertz, Thomas Schütte, Thomas Ruff, Gisèle Freund, Rosemarie Trockel, Daniel Turner,  Albert Oehlen, Per Kirkeby, Marcel Broodthaers, Zeng Fanzhi, Gaston Suisse and others.

Gallery

Exhibitions
 Robert Rauschenberg: 1968, Oeuvre de 1949 à 1968
 Andy Warhol: 1970, Rétrospective
 Wolf Vostell: 1974, Environments / Happenings 1958 - 1974, Rétrospective
 John Heartfield: 1974, Photomontages
 Hannah Höch: 1976, Rétrospective
 Nam June Paik: 1978 / 79, Rétrospective
 Joan Mitchell: 1982, Paintings 1970 - 1982, Rétrospective
 Gregor Schneider: 1998
 Jean-Michel Basquiat: 2010/11

2010 theft
On 20 May 2010, Vjeran Tomic broke into the museum and stole several paintings after meticulous preparation. The museum reported the overnight theft of five paintings from its collection the following morning.  The paintings taken were Le pigeon aux petits pois (Pigeon with Peas) by Pablo Picasso, La Pastorale by Henri Matisse, L'Olivier Près de l'Estaque (Olive Tree near L'Estaque) by Georges Braque,  (Woman with a Fan) by Amedeo Modigliani and Nature Morte au Chandelier (Still Life with Candlestick) by Fernand Léger and were valued at  ().  A window frame had been lifted out, and CCTV footage showed a masked man taking the paintings.  Authorities believe the thief acted alone. The man carefully removed the paintings from their frames, which he left behind.

The theft was investigated by the Brigade de Répression du Banditisme specialist unit of the French Police. It is unclear why the alarm systems in the museum failed to detect the robbery, staff only noticing when they arrived at the museum just before .

For fear that investigators were closing in on the thief, accomplices apparently destroyed the paintings. "I threw them into the trash," cried Yonathan Birn, one of three people on trial in the case, "I made the worst mistake of my existence." However, neither the judge nor other defendants believed Birn's statement. The authorities believe all of the paintings were removed from France. Birn's co-defendants testified he was "too smart" to destroy €100 million worth of artwork. The French auctioneer and president of the , Pierre Cornette de Saint-Cyr, commented, "These five paintings are unsellable, so thieves, sirs, you are imbeciles, now return them."

The theft follows the $162 million heist of masterpieces by Cézanne, Degas, Van Gogh and Monet from Foundation E.G. Bührle in Zurich in February 2008 and could be one of the biggest art thefts in history (by value).  It has been described as the "heist of the century".

References

External links

 City of Paris portal

 Paris Musées official website

Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
Buildings and structures in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1961 establishments in France
Paris Musées


Belmont () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


The Alabama State Bible is a copy of the King James Version of the Bible dating from 1853, which is one of the symbols of the state of Alabama. It is the oldest state symbol of Alabama. It is kept on display at the Alabama Department of Archives and History in Montgomery, Alabama.

The State Bible was purchased in 1853 by the Executive Department of the state government, and has been used at the inauguration of every state governor since then. The Bible was also used when Jefferson Davis took the oath of office as President of the Confederate States of America in Alabama on February 18, 1861.

The flyleaf has been inscribed "Executive Office, Alabama, 1853". There is also a note inside the front cover of the Bible from Judge John Phelan (clerk of the Alabama Supreme Court, 1856–64) confirming that this was the Bible used by Davis, together with an affidavit sworn in 1884 by Ellis Phelan (the judge's son and Secretary of State of Alabama) verifying his father's handwriting and attendance at Davis's inauguration.

References

Individual Bibles
Bible


Bersaillin () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. In 1973 it absorbed the former communes of Le Bouchaud and Le Viseney.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Watertown Speedway was a 1/2 mile dirt oval raceway located at the Jefferson County fairgrounds in Watertown, New York.  Located in the Thousand Islands region, it drew competitors and fans from both sides of the Canada–US border

History
Auto racing was first presented at the former horse track located on Coffeen St in 1936 and again in 1940, when the Jefferson County Fair featured sprint car races sanctioned by the American Automobile Association. In 1949, the Fair introduced the International Midget Auto Racing Association, which returned for two additional shows the same year.

Adirondack Stock Car Club
In 1951, Brewerton and Vernon Speedway promoter Al Richardson bought stock cars to Watertown for the first time, but by the end of that year, George Clark and George “Bud” Herbert, owners of the Edgewood Speedway in nearby Alexandria Bay took over promotion. Races at both tracks were sanctioned by the Adirondack Stock Car Club (ASCC), an organization of local car owners and drivers organized by Al Mosher. Club champions were determined by combined points earned from both racetracks.

In 1955, Herbert and Clark began construction of Adventure Town amusement park to replace the Edgewood racetrack.  The ASCC continued plans to race at the Watertown Fairgrounds track in 1955, and Tony Costanzo took over as race promotor. Unfortunately, low attendance and financial difficulties resulted in the season being cancelled after only 7 events.

ASCC champions were Don June (1951), Andy Rae (1952), Bobby Miller (1953), Allen Shirley (1954),and Tiny Benson (1955). Benson made six appearances in the NASCAR Grand National Series (predecessor of the NASCAR Cup Division) from 1958 to 1959.

Northern Stock Car Club
In 1955 Howard Rowe and Douglas Atkinson promoted the Star-Lit Park Speedway, a mile and a half European style dirt road course that was built by Fred Kleemeier on outer Washington Street in Watertown, NY. It hosted only one race in 1955 and closed mainly because of severe dust problems. The following year, Rowe and Atkinson turned their efforts toward racing at the county fairgrounds.

In the book The Legends of Watertown Speedway, author David Stoodley writes: "In January 1956, several prominent Watertown area enthusiasts decided that something should be done about forming an organization to promote the return of stock car racing to Watertown and the north country. In a meeting held on March at the Watertown YMCA, seventeen men gathered and successfully organized the Northern Stock Car Club (NSCC). Officers elected were Douglas Atkinson, president; Howard Rowe, secretary/treasurer and Lloyd Smith, Austin Kilburn and Carl Walts as vice-presidents.'').

At a later meeting, according to Stoodley, the NSCC became a corporation. Stoodley noted that in April 1956 the NCSS signed a lease with the City of Watertown for $101.50 per week for use of the Jefferson County Fairgrounds track. The first race at the speedway was held on Sunday afternoon on May 15. The races were switched to Saturday night by the end of June. The speedway continued in operation for two decades.

Because of its close proximity to the Canada–US border, many drivers competed at the Kingston Speedway on Friday nights.  The same rule book was used by both race tracks.

Track Champions were George Mahaffey, Bob Zeigler (3), Dutt Yanni, Dell Crill, Dick May, Frank Andre (2), Neal Tooley, Fred Gibson, Tony Blake, Chubby LaRoux (2), Gary Reddick (2), Guy Robinson (2), and Bud Hinman.  Zeigler, May, Andre, Reddick and Robinson along with ASCC champion Don June have all been inducted into the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame. Andre, Gibson and Blake were inducted into the Kingston-District Sports Hall of Fame. Yanni was inducted into the Oswego Speedway Hall of Fame.

May went on to compete in 185 races in the NASCAR Cup division between 1967 and 1985.  May’s car owner and crew then began to mentor a new driver, Bob McCreadie, who went on to be inducted into the Lowe's Motor Speedway Walk of Fame, the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame, and the Eastern Motorsport Press Association Hall of Fame.  McCreadie is the father of former NASCAR driver and current World of Outlaws and Lucas Oil Late model driver Tim McCreadie.

A 6 cylinder Late Model Division was started in 1965.  Division champions were Jim Armstrong, Charlie Baker, Dick Lappan, Dave Clark, Ally Amell, Gordon Dobbins (2), Jim Clark, Bill Eisele, and Jeff Walts.

Through the 1960s, Rowe and Atkinson joined race director Ira Vail in promoting the New York State Fair Championship.

By the spring of 1975, racing operations had moved to the Can-Am Speedway in La Fargeville.  Rowe and Atkinson along with fellow area promoters Tom Coughlin, and Bob Thurston were honored in 1996 by the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame for their contributions.

References

External links
 The Legends of Watertown Speedway (Hardcover)
 Dick May NASCAR stats
 Tim McCreadie Online
 CanAm Motorsports

Dirt oval race tracks in the United States
Sports venues in Jefferson County, New York
Motorsport venues in New York (state)
Defunct horse racing venues in New York (state)
Former buildings and structures in Watertown, New York
Sports venues completed in 1956
1956 establishments in New York (state)


al-Qarara () is a Palestinian town located north of Khan Yunis, in the Khan Yunis Governorate of the southern Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Qarara had a population of 29,004 inhabitants in 2017,

References

Towns in the Gaza Strip
Khan Yunis Governorate
Municipalities of the State of Palestine


Besain () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

Climate

On average, Besain experiences 116.4 days per year with a minimum temperature below , 11.2 days per year with a minimum temperature below , 9 days per year with a maximum temperature below , and 17.2 days per year with a maximum temperature above . The record high temperature was  on July 25, 2019, while the record low temperature was  on January 2, 1971.

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Biarne () is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Bief-des-Maisons is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Bief-du-Fourg is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Biefmorin is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Billecul is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Bletterans () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)


Blois-sur-Seille (, literally Blois on Seille) is a commune in the French department of Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, eastern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Jura department

References

Communes of Jura (department)