Oxford Properties is a Canadian multinational corporation, with operations in real estate investment, development and property management. Its portfolio includes office, retail, industrial, multi-residential, life sciences and hotel assets. Established privately in 1960 and later wholly owned by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System (OMERS) since 2003, the company is headquartered in Toronto with regional head offices in New York City, London, Australia, Singapore and Luxembourg. The organization has 2,000+ employees and approximately C$70 billion of assets that it manages for itself and on behalf of its investment partners. Oxford's owned portfolio represents more than 150 million square feet in key cities and high-growth hubs. Some of its most notable properties include Hudson Yards, Yorkdale Shopping Centre, Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel, Olympic Tower and Sony Center. Oxford also owns a portfolio of luxury hotels in Canada as well as rental residential units in Canada and the US.

Oxford Properties has several significant development projects currently underway in New York City, London, Sydney, Vancouver and Toronto.

Corporate history
Oxford Leaseholds was established in 1960 in Edmonton by Don Love, and John and George Poole, founders of PCL Construction. Don Love had arrived in Edmonton in 1955 as a stockbroker working for a national securities firm. A physician client approached him about building a medical clinic in Edmonton, asking if he knew of any potential investors. He knew E.E. Poole, another one of his clients, and when Love made the proposal, Ernest Poole declined but suggested that his sons John and George might have some interest. The three started a new company called "POLO" – "PO" for Poole, and "LO" for Love. John and George provided the capital. The trio secured a mortgage and built the Baker Clinic, which they then sold back to the doctors of the practice.

In 1967, Great-West Life, Confederation Life Insurance Company and Canada Trust Company became equity partners. To reflect its growing desire to develop towers as well as operate them, the company changed its name to Oxford Development Group. The firm entered the 1970s as a publicly-traded company, with an offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange, with its assets surpassing $1 billion. At the time, large acquisitions included the Y&R Properties portfolio and 25 shopping centres from Cambridge Leaseholds.

A decade later, a new ownership structure was introduced, as Oxford went private in 1980 in a management-led leveraged buyout. To pay for the deal, it sold its shopping centres. The decade did not pass quietly however, with assets rising above $3 billion. Oxford Properties set up its headquarters in Toronto's Richmond-Adelaide Centre and sold its U.S. business to BCE Development Corp. Next, the company split into two separate companies: Oxford Properties Canada Ltd. put the company's real estate back in public hands, and Oxford Development Group remained private and managed all of the company's real estate.

In 1988, the two companies merged and once again went public, with help from a $60 million investment from a Hong Kong investor. The company made significant real estate investments, buying entire portfolios from Marathon, Greiner-Pacaud, Hammerson Canada, Royal Bank of Canada and Canderel Group. In 2001, the company became wholly owned by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System.

Environmental and social responsibility

Oxford Properties ranked first in Sustainability in North America in the Diversified Retail/Office Category by the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB) survey for the fourth year in a row in 2016. GRESB is an industry-driven organization committed to assessing the ESG performance of real assets globally, including real estate portfolios and infrastructure assets. As of Spring 2021, Oxford Properties has:

 Reduced its portfolio carbon intensity by 35% since 2015;
 Completed the development of 260,000 sf of rooftop solar across its portfolio—representing 26% of its stated 1M sf commitment;
 Expanded its global carbon data & analytics platform across 96% of its portfolio, enabling it to create and track hourly energy and carbon targets;
 Been recognized in the energy category of Fast Company's annual list of the World's Most Innovative Companies for its energy and carbon reduction efforts;
 Seen its property RBC WaterPark Place become the first LEED Core and Shell Platinum Office Tower in Toronto.

Property gallery

See also
Competitors:
Brookfield Properties
Cadillac Fairview
Dundee REIT
Ivanhoé Cambridge
Morguard
RioCan Real Estate Investment Trust
SmartCentres
QuadReal Property Group

References

Real estate companies of Canada
Companies based in Toronto
Shopping center management firms
OMERS


Torpedo Rīga was a football club that played in Riga. The club played in the Latvian league with good success from 1979 to 2000 when it merged with Policijas FK.

History

As Torpedo Rīga
Torpedo Rīga was a football club which was supported by the union of Latvian taxicab drivers. As the Latvian league was amateur then (at least—partially), all Torpedo footballers in addition to playing football also had to perform duties as taxi drivers (but, of course, to a lesser extent than regular taxi drivers). As taxi driving was then considered a relatively easy job with rather good pay and the club also paid some bonuses, it attracted several former professionals with experience playing with Daugava Rīga and Zvejnieks Liepāja, for example, Grigorijs Kuzņecovs.

For a couple of decades the club had been playing in lower Latvian football divisions (before Torpedo its name was FK RTP—Riga Taxi Park). In 1963 it even played in the Latvian Cup final, but a place in the top league it earned only after the 1978 season.

In its debut season in the Latvian league in 1979 Torpedo won 13 out of 26 matches and finished a respectable 4th from 14 teams. Several next seasons were significantly less successful, but the mid-1980s brought breakthrough for Torpedo coached by Arkādijs Perkins. The first sign of it came in 1982 as Torpedo reached the Latvian Cup final. Still it came rather unexpected when Torpedo won the Latvian league in 1984. In 1986 the club won another league title, with players like Jurijs Andrejevs and Einārs Gņedojs on the squad. In 1987 Torpedo won the Latvian league for the third and final time, however it remained one of the top squads in Latvia before the country regained independence. In 1989 it won the Latvian Cup by beating Celtnieks Rīga in the final.

The first season in the independent Virslīga wasn't good for Torpedo which had financial difficulties and had to settle for the 8th place from 12 clubs. After the 1992 season the club changed its name to Vidus Rīga (and lost its connection with taxi driving).

As Vidus Rīga

As Vidus Rīga the club played for two seasons, neither of which was especially successful. The club (still coached by Perkins) had several players including Artūrs Zakreševskis and Sergejs Ivanovs, however without a strong budget the club wasn't able reach significant results. After the 1994 season a new sponsor came to the club bringing it a new name—Amstrig.

As Amstrig Rīga

The new name brought several new players and a new manager—former Daugava Rīga player Georgijs Gusarenko. The squad included Andrejs Piedels, Vladimirs Draguns, Vits Rimkus, Rihards Butkus and Gints Gilis. Still the most important newcomer for Amstrig in 1995 proved to be Mihails Miholaps from Russia who with 11 goals was the club's best goalscorer. However, as the results for the club didn't correspond to its ambitions, Gusarenko had to leave and another former Daugava veteran Jurijs Popkovs took over coaching. The 1995 season ended with a 5th-place finish for Amstrig, but during the following season as the Amstrig company no longer could support the club, it changed its name again, this time to Daugava Rīga.

As Daugava Rīga
In 1996 Daugava made a sensation in Virslīga as it finished 2nd behind Skonto FC. That was mostly the result of Mihails Miholaps scoring 33 goals during the season. This result gave Daugava a chance to play in the UEFA Cup.

In 1997 it was unlikely that Daugava could repeat the previous year achievements, as the club ran into serious financial difficulties which were partly solved by selling the club's best player Miholaps to Skonto FC. The most notable newcomer for the club was veteran Igors Stepanovs (senior). Yet Daugava stroke again as Popkovs brought it to second straight silver medals finish in Virslīga. In the UEFA Cup the results were less successful as Daugava was beaten in the first qualifying round by FC Vorskla Poltava from Ukraine.

Still the season ended on a very minor note—the club was on the verge of bankruptcy again, Popkovs left it for FHK Liepājas Metalurgs, several important players also left including Andrejs Piedels and Aleksandrs Stradiņš. The club was renamed to LU/Daugava Rīga and got a new head coach in the person of Igors Kļosovs.

As LU/Daugava Rīga
In 1998 the only notable newcomer for Daugava was Dzintars Sproģis but the club's losses were much more significant and during the season its financial situation only worsened. So there was no wonder that its start in the UEFA cup was disastrous. In the Latvian league Daugava also wasn't anymore the force that it had been under Popkovs—only 6th place form 8 teams. After the season because of financial difficulties Daugava gave up its place in Virslīga and started the 1999 season in 1. līga and nearly half of its players joined the newly founded FK Rīga. Those included Igors Korabļovs, Vsevolods Līdaks, Dzintars Sproģis, Renārs Vucāns and Aleksejs Sarando.

In 1999 LU/Daugava won the competition in the 1st league and earned a place in Virslīga for the 2000 season. However the club was financially very weak for Virslīga and it had few players who were known even in Latvia. Only veteran Boriss Monjaks and Vsevolods Līdaks could be called as such. With only 2 wins in 28 matches Daugava finished last in Virslīga and after the season merged with another struggling club—Policijas FK thus form PFK Daugava.

Managers
 19??–1994  Arkādijs Perkins
 1995  Georgijs Gusarenko
 1996–1997  Jurijs Popkovs
 1998–2000  Igors Kļosovs

Achievements
Latvian Cup: 1
 1989
Latvian League winners: 3
 1984, 1986, 1987

Defunct football clubs in Latvia
Association football clubs disestablished in 2000
2000 disestablishments in Latvia


Pedda Bommalapuram is a village in Prakasam district of the India state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Dornala mandal.

References

Villages in Prakasam district


The 1997 ARDC AMSCAR Sedan Series was an Australian touring car series and was run for cars eligible to V8 Supercar specifications, although the series was not sanctioned by AVESCO. It began on 22 June 1997 at Eastern Creek Raceway and ended on 7 December at Eastern Creek Raceway after four rounds.

The series was run by the Australian Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) over the two circuits operated by the club in Sydney, Australia. It was the last such series to bear the AMSCAR name having been last run previously during the 1994 season. The series itself dated back to the Amaroo Park-based Sun-7 Chesterfield Series of the 1970s.

The 1997 series can be seen as the immediate fore-runner for today's Dunlop V8 Supercar Series, acting as a second tier series for touring cars contested by privately owned and funded touring car teams, known colloquially as 'privateers'.

Teams and drivers
The following drivers and teams competed in the 1997 AMSCAR series. The series consisted of four rounds.

Results and standings

Race calendar
The 1997 AMSCAR season consisted of 4 rounds.

Drivers Championship
Points were allocated 18–14–11–9–7–5–4–3–2–1 according to top ten race position in each race with three races being held per round.

References

External links
 1997 Racing Results Archive

Supercars Championship
ARDC AMSCAR series
ARDC


Estádio do Textáfrica is a multi-purpose stadium in Chimoio, Mozambique.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Textáfrica do Chimoio.  The stadium holds 5,000 people.

Textafrica do Chimoio
Multi-purpose stadiums in Mozambique
Buildings and structures in Manica Province


London Court is a three and four-level open-roofed shopping arcade located in the central business district in Perth, Western Australia. It was built in 1937 by wealthy gold financier and businessman Claude de Bernales for residential and commercial purposes. The arcade runs between the Hay Street Mall and St Georges Terrace and is considered an important tourist attraction in the City of Perth.  It received a National Trust of Australia classification in 1978 and was recorded in the Register of the National Estate in 1982. The Heritage Council of Western Australia included it in the State Heritage Register in 1996.

Description

The distinctive mock-Tudor/Elizabethan façade and architectural features includes ornate entrances with large wrought-iron gates at each end. At the Hay Street end at the first storey level, a large clock chimes every quarter-hour, half-hour and on the hour. Four mechanised knights appear from a castle door and move in a semicircle each time the clock chimes as they apparently joust with each other. At the St Georges Terrace end, a window above another clockface depicts a mechanised miniature Saint George doing battle with the dragon. The clocks were made by the Synchronome Company of London at a cost of £5,000 ($8969.35 in Australian dollars).

The two interior ends include statues of Dick Whittington and his cat (north end) and Sir Walter Raleigh (south end), each in bastion towers and gazing down on the shoppers below.  Other distinctive features include gargoyles, masks, shields, crests and wrought iron signs and brackets.  Gabled roofs, weather cocks and lead lighting add to the Tudor style. The arcade floor is laid with terracotta tiles.

Originally, the arcade included 24 residential flats in the upper levels as well as 53 shops and 55 offices.  Most of the residences have now been taken over for commercial purposes. The arcade currently houses mainly small speciality retail shops and cafes.

Design influences
Whilst the court itself is a late arrival in the Tudor Revival, the northern entrance is influenced by the Liberty Clock that was constructed as part of the Liberty department store over 10 years previously in Great Marlborough Street, Central London. The London Court clock bears a similar mechanised animation above, as well as the same warning against "squandering time" that sits below.

Construction
The arcade is situated on land that was previously a collection of alleys known as Gun Alley and owned by former Perth mayor Thomas Molloy. Claude de Bernales acquired the properties from Molloy in February 1935 for the Australian Machinery and Investment Co. Ltd for £75,000 (A$7.4 million in 2019). The arcade was conceived by de Bernales as an important link between Perth Railway Station in Wellington Street and The Esplanade.

De Bernales engaged Melbourne architect Bernard Evans to design the arcade in association with local consulting firms Oldham, Boas and Ednie-Brown, Architects. Structural engineering consultant was Clive Steele of Melbourne. Construction commenced in August 1936 and took less than 12 months to complete at a cost of £80,000.

The building was constructed using quite modern building techniques for its time, and featured an air-conditioning system not previously seen in the state and a large restaurant for tenants and visitors in the basement level. A dedicated postal and laundry service was incorporated.

Opening
Lieutenant governor and former premier Sir James Mitchell opened the arcade in lavish ceremony on 29 July 1937. Mitchell described the arcade as being "unique in Australia" and claimed that it "would be an ornament to the city".

The opening was celebrated with a three-day "Ye Olde English Fayre", which attracted several thousand visitors and raised £2,000 for the new Perth Hospital at St Georges Terrace and Irwin Street. The Fayre featured volunteers dressed in Elizabethan style costumes and included evening dramatic programmes and musical items, including excerpts from Twelfth Night, madrigals and folk singing.

References

Further reading
 Elphinstone, Pat (1987). London Court - history of the arcade on its 50th anniversary; report of the celebrations The West Australian, 1 August 1987, p. 46; 20 October 1987, p. 32
 London Court, Perth, Western Australia, connecting Hay Street and St. George's Terrace : a valuable and unique central city property for sale by auction in the Wool Exchange, Pastoral House, 156 St. George's Terrace, Perth, Thursday, 26 October 1950 at 3 p.m / associated auctioneers Robertson Bros., P.C. Kerr. - broadsheet held in Battye Library

External links

Shopping centres in Perth, Western Australia
Shopping malls established in 1937
Landmarks in Perth, Western Australia
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Perth
Hay Street, Perth
St Georges Terrace


Grupo Desportivo e Recreativo Textáfrica, usually known simply as Textáfrica, is a traditional football (soccer) club based in Chimoio, central Mozambique.

History
The club was founded in 1928 as Sport Club de Vila Pery. The club won the title of the second stage in 1969, with the title of the Campeonato Colonial de Moçambique. Seven years later Textáfrica do Chimoio won the Mozambican League, in 1976.

Stadium
The club plays their home matches at Campo da Soalpo, which has a maximum capacity of 5,000 people.

Achievements
Moçambola: 1
1976

Campeonato Colonial de Moçambique: 3
 1969, 1971, 1973

Notable coaches
  Alex Alves (2009)

Notes

Football clubs in Mozambique
Sport in Maputo
Works association football teams


Meishar () is a moshav  in south-central Israel. Located in the coastal plain near Gedera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gederot Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

History
The moshav was founded in 1950, by immigrants from Poland and Germany, on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Bashshit.

References

German-Jewish culture in Israel
Moshavim
Polish-Jewish culture in Israel
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1950
1950 establishments in Israel
Agricultural Union


"(How to Be A) Millionaire" is a song by English pop band ABC. It was the first single taken from their third studio album, How to Be a ... Zillionaire! (1985).

The single peaked at a modest No. 49 on the UK Singles Chart, though it fared better in the US where it reached No. 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart.

Composition
The song is in a D key and a major mode with a BPM of 122.

Music video
The animated music video shows a cartoon Martin Fry and Mark White being overwhelmed by their luxury goods, which are continually growing in size. The other two band members make a brief appearance also in animated form.

Track listing

7": Neutron NT107
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" – 3:30
"(How to Be A) Billionaire" – 3:37

12": Neutron NTXR 107
"(How to Be A) Zillionaire" (Bond Street Mix) – 6:05
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" (Single Remix) – 3:31
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" (A Capella Version) – 3:30

12": Neutron NTX 107
"(How to Be A) Zillionaire" (Wall Street Mix) – 7:33
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" – 3:31
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" (Accapella) – 3:30
"(How to Be A) Millionaire" (Nickel & Dime Mix) – 5:22 (included on US version only)

Chart performance

Popular culture
The CBS Orchestra played the song for Regis Philbin when he was a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman. Philbin was the former host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire for the ABC television network.
 The song appears in Party Monster (2003).
 The song appears on the in-game radio station Wave 103 in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, released in 2006.

References

External links

1984 singles
ABC (band) songs
Songs written by Martin Fry
Songs written by Mark White (musician)
1984 songs
Mercury Records singles
Animated music videos


Ajay is a 1996 Hindi language romantic action drama film, produced and directed by Suneel Darshan and starring Sunny Deol, Karisma Kapoor, Reena Roy, Suresh Oberoi and Kiran Kumar. Other cast includes Sadashiv Amrapurkar, Mohnish Bahl, Sharat Saxena, Farida Jalal, Laxmikant Berde and others.

It was declared "average" at the box office.

Plot
Raja Brijraj Singh and his younger brother Raja Ranbir Singh lives in a spacious palace and are wealthy landlords of a small Indian town named as Kishengarh. They would like their only, head-strong and foreign-returned niece Manorama to marry equally wealthy Rupesh Singh but she gives her heart to a poor poultry dealer named Ajay. When Brijraj and Ranbir learn of this relationship they object and strive to prevent their niece from marrying Ajay. They threaten her and she has to give false witness that puts Ajay behind bars and has his sister's in-laws disown her, all this leads to their mother's demise. Ajay blames it on Manorama but later learns the truth and eventually retaliates by killing her uncles.

Cast
 Sunny Deol as Ajay
 Karishma Kapoor as Manorama "Rama"
 Reena Roy as Durga
 Devayani as Anjali
 Suresh Oberoi as Raja Brijraj Singh
 Kiran Kumar as Chote Raja Ranbir
 Farida Jalal as Ajay's mother
 Sharat Saxena as Inspector Tippen Singh
 Mohnish Behl as Roopesh Singh
 Laxmikant Berde as Rupaiya
 Sadashiv Amrapurkar as Lala
 Dan Dhanoa as Roopesh's friend
 Dolly Bindra as Manorama friend

Soundtrack
The Music is scored by Anand–Milind. The songs Chamak Chhallo and Chand Sa Chehra were popular. Singers Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan, Sapna Awasthi and Jolly Mukherjee lent their voices.

References

External links

1996 films
1990s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Anand–Milind
Indian action films
1990s masala films
Films directed by Suneel Darshan
1996 action films
Hindi-language action films
Indian romantic action films


Misgav Dov (, lit. Dov's Fortress) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located near Gedera in the coastal plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gederot Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

History
The moshav was founded though the Mishkei Herut Beitar settlement movement by Herut members from Haifa in 1950 on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Bashshit.

It was named after Dov Gruner, a member of the Irgun who was executed by the British authorities. The founders were later joined by new immigrants from Iraq, Poland and the Soviet Union.

References

Moshavim
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1950
1950 establishments in Israel


Good to Be Bad is the tenth studio album by British hard rock band Whitesnake, released on 18 April 2008 in Germany, 21 April 2008 in Europe and 22 April in North America by SPV/Steamhammer. It was the band's first album of new studio material in a decade, since 1997's Restless Heart, not including the four new tracks recorded for the 2006 live album Live: In the Shadow of the Blues. The album was the very first collaboration between lead vocalist David Coverdale and guitarist Doug Aldrich. The album charted at number 62 on the Billboard 200 chart, number 8 on the Top Independent albums chart, number 23 on the Canadian Albums Chart and number 7 on the UK Albums Chart. As of sales in March 2011, the album sold over 700,000 copies worldwide, considering expected as an independent label release.

The album contained three singles, "Lay Down Your Love", "All for Love", "Summer Rain", and one promotional single, "Can You Hear the Wind Blow". Despite being released through a hard rock independent label, alongside with the album itself (with the exception of the Warner record label only to be released in Japan), all of the singles failed to chart.

On 28 April 2023, the album received a reissue by RHINO Entertainment under the name, Still...Good to Be Bad, similar to the 2011 expanded Japanese version. The reissue contained 2-LP remixes and remasters alongside with alternate mixes and demo "Evolutions" tapes. The album was widely made available for streaming despite the majority of the songs from that album appeared on the "Red, White, and Blues" trilogy (2020's The Rock Album, 2020's Love Songs, and 2021's The Blues Album), respectively.

Background
Ever since continuing their touring non-stop from 2003 to support the band's 25th anniversary, Whitesnake had signed into new a record contract with Steamhammer/SPV and released their 2006's Live... in the Shadow of the Blues live album, containing four songs which ended up on the album's tracklist. That apparently speculated that plans for a new Whitesnake album would be in business after which Coverdale planned to only tour for a short period time with the band, asserting that it would be just "for fun." However, despite his claims, Coverdale decided to plan ahead in fact that the band was coming up with new material to a need for "new meat to bite into" in order keep the touring "interesting".

Production and composition
Recording sessions reportedly began in 2007 at Coverdale's residence in Lake Tahoe, Nevada (Snakebyte Studios), where the previous lineup had recorded 1997's Restless Heart album back in 1995. It was also recorded at Casa DALA and Clear Lake Audio in Los Angeles, California. Coverdale was joined by Doug Aldrich, who recently played with Dio, as they apparently talked about plans for the new album effortlessly, in which the band had felt the need to make music after an extensive touring load. Coverdale expressed his intellect towards Aldrich, previously a touring member of the band since 2003, as the two have a fruitful working relationship with each other, as stated in an official interview:

After wrapping up ideas for the album, the band rehearsed and started recording with the rest of the current touring members with secondary session guitarist Reb Beach, drummer Chris Frazier, bassist Timothy Drury, and keyboardist Uriah Duffy. Coverdale, Aldrich, and McIntyre produced and mixed the album themselves, while it was mastered by David Donnelly.

The album was slated to be originally released in the summer of 2007. However, the band was still touring extensively throughout the rest of the summer, citing that every major city in the United States headlined the band "every night of the week this season." Despite the delays, Coverdale stated that it was not a big deal for the band to release it at this time, and objected "that there was no real rush for us to finish the project quickly," feeling that he would rather take a year off from touring in attempt to resort the pressure from making the record. This resulted on delays for the recording and production schedule that was meant to be finalized, but it wasn't a major problem to Coverdale. The band tentatively pushed its date ahead to October 2007 and then May 2008. The album was, however, in fact released on April, a month earlier than its anticipated May release date. At that same timeframe, Whitesnake reissued their ground-breaking eponymous album in respect of its 20th anniversary in May and June 2007 through EMI.

In December 2007, Tommy Aldridge had left the group due to pursuing "alternate musical adventures". Aldridge was replaced Chris Frazier, who previously was called up into the touring lineup to re-record some of the tracks that Aldridge appeared on the four new tracks recorded for the 2006 live album but also played on the full-length album. Aldridge won’t return to the band until January 2013, where the band has also parted ways with Frazier after that.

Release and promotion
Good to Be Bad was released on 18 April 2008 in Germany, 21 April in Europe, and 22 April in North America. It peaked at number 7 on the UK Albums Chart, 62 on the Billboard 200, and 8 on the US Independent Albums Chart. In total, the album charted in 19 countries, with Finland and Norway charting the highest at number 5. The album only peaked in the US Billboard Top 200 prior to its release and spent 3 weeks there; however, it also spent 5 weeks in the Independent Albums chart. The record sold more than 74,000 copies worldwide in its first week of release. Nielsen Soundscan initially reported its first week sales in the United States around 28,000 copies as of 8 May 2008. The album only sold around 700,000 copies by 2011, implying the fact that it charted lower in the US from a minor independent label as a factor. Despite earning no sales certification for an independent release, it was considered a comeback album since the release of 1997's Restless Heart as a "David Coverdale & Whitesnake" moniker previously in over a decade.

Touring

Promo tour: before the release
Right before the release, the album's promotional tour began on 23 March 2008 in Wellington, New Zealand at Westpac Stadium right until they hit the brakes at Thebarton Theatre, Adelaide, Australia on 31 March 2008. Coverdale and Aldrich later performed at the Cutting Room in New York City on 10 April by singing an acoustic version of "Can You Hear the Wind Blow", "Lay Down Your Love", and "All I Want, All I Need." The whole performance was later included in the 2018 Unzipped complication box set as "Starkers." The band took a touring hiatus for over a month to announce tour dates after the album's release.

2008 Good to Be Bad world tour
The Good to Be Bad tour resumed at Manaus, Brasil on 3 May 2008 and later went on to forty countries followed by South America, Europe, and Japan, respectively. During the summer of 2008, the band co-headlined in Sweden Rock Festival dated from 4–7 June. They also toured alongside with Def Leppard (consisting of former Whitesnake's lead guitarist from 1987–88, Vivian Campbell) in the UK supported alongside Thunder and Black Stone Cherry, both respectively toured for each of the two leg sets, first at Glasgow SECC on 17 June, lasting for about a month until 17 July at Nottingham at Motorpoint Arena. Whitesnake also co-headlined with Alice Cooper from 18 November through the first day of December. Former Whitesnake band member Adrian Vandenberg was guested on two concerts, on 15 June at Arrow Rock Festival located at Nijmegen and at Tilburg (concluding the tour) on 20 December, both of which happened during the 2008 Good to Be Bad tour. The band then again took a six-month touring hiatus to recuperate for the upcoming 2009 Still... Good to Be Bad tour.

2009 Still... Good to Be Bad European tour
Whitesnake went on for the very next extra leg set for the album's tour on 21 May 2009 at Sandnes, Norway. The set then followed to further western European countries like Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Luxembourg, France, Holland, Belgium, and Ireland, respectively. The tour set ended on 14 June 2009 at Download Festival in Donington Park, UK.

Awards
Good to Be Bad won the Classic Rock Award for "Album of the Year" in November 2008. The band was also honored for the "Best Album of The Year" with the 2008 Dino Award in The Dinosaur Rock Guitar forum.

Reissues
On 7 September 2011, Warner Japan released an expanded album version under the name Still... Good to Be Bad exclusive to Japan only. The expanded Japanese reissue consisted of 4 bonus tracks from the previous live album Live... in the Shadow of the Blues with the drum tracks only to be re-recorded by Chris Frazier. It also contained a bonus DVD that featured the band performing at Cutting Room in New York City on 10 April 2008, with two music videos (Ready to Rock & Lay Down Your Love), the whole 2006 live album performance, and an exclusive interview of the album followed by a slideshow that plays the acoustic version of Summer Rain. Another version of this album was reissued on 13 April 2013 with the Japanese tour included.

On 24 February 2023, Whitesnake and Rhino Entertainment announced the album reissue to celebrate its original 15th anniversary respectively on remixes and remastered versions on the album in 4-CD and 2-LP formats, along with previously unreleased material with former and current band members' mixes and their demo "Evolutions" released on 28 April 2023. The songs also contained new mixes featuring Hook City Harlots (Cami Thompson, Misty Rae & Jackie Landrum) and "Hook City Horns" (Rick Metz on saxes and Joshua Reed on trumpet), both recorded with the 2023 remix overridden with it. The album cover art is similar to the original release but the track listing and the album title still holds the previous 2011 Japan reissue with bonus tracks taken from their previous live album Live... in the Shadow of the Blues. A 2008-2009 world tour box set was included in Blu-Ray format.

In total, Whitesnake has premiered new four music videos based on the remixes taken from the mid-2000s through the end of the "Good to Be Bad" tour, songs like "Can You Hear the Wind Blow," "All I Want is You," "Call on Me," "All For Love" and "Lay Down Your Love" (taken from the 2021 Blues Album) were upscaled to 4K quality on the official Whitesnake YouTube page.

Reception

Overall reviews are mainly positive throughout the course of the album. IGN's Jim Kaz favorably described the album: "a well-worn leather jacket, Good To Be Bad has a warm familiarity about it that just feels right [...] has enough shining, mega-rock moments to endear itself to fans old and new. Without posturing or pretension, it just rocks."

AllMusic's Thom Jurek initially expressed his support for the album stating, "his (Coverdale's) brand of ROCK with chugging outsized guitars is palatable because of his reliance on crafting excellent choruses and hooks. It's a hell of a comeback and ranks right near the top of the Whitesnake catalog," but cited a minor setback, "it seems strange that such a timeless sound has vanished from mainstream rock -- guitars just don't sound like this on records anymore." Despite this, he positively rated the album 4/5.

Classic Rock's Philip Wilding mildly gave out a mixed review on the album's Still... Good to Be Bad re-release, giving it a 3.5 out of 5. He stated about the album: "was something of an unexpected gem for those who had given up on the band returning to their original soul and blues roots. [...] Even when Coverdale's vocal slips off-key, the recording doesn’t spare the singer’s blushes. It’s not ever likely to be the first thing you turn to on this hefty reissue, but it’s guaranteed to be the disc that will keep bringing you back for more."

Similarly, the album's worldwide reissue was ranked 17th by Dig! magazine (part of Warner) among the "Best reissues of 2023: 20 Essential box set and vinyl releases."

Track listings
All songs written by David Coverdale and Doug Aldrich, except where noted.

Personnel

Charts

Release history

References

External links
 "Planet Rock" Article
 Feature from Doug Aldrich's official website
 Coverdale comments on the album on "MetalNews"
 Uriah Duffy Official Website

Whitesnake albums
2008 albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums
Warner Music Group albums
Rhino Entertainment albums


WJTW (1480 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Bridgeport, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Marshall M. Bandy, through licensee Bridgeport, Inc.

History
On April 15, 1998, longtime owner of Bridgeport Broadcasting Company, the licensee for this station, then known as WBTS, Roy C. McCloud died. In June 1998, control of the company passed involuntarily to Remal J. McCloud and Darren W. McCloud, the joint executors of his estate. The Federal Communications Commission approved the transfer on July 9, 1998, and the transaction was formally consummated on August 10, 1998. Later that year in Atlanta, Georgia, they used the WBTS callsign until August 2010.

In July 1998, KEA Radio Inc. (Ronald H. Livengood, president) reached an agreement to acquire WBTS from Remal J. McCloud and Darren W. McCloud. The station sold for a reported $5,000. The deal was approved by the FCC on October 20, 1998, and the transaction was consummated on November 2, 1998. Under the new ownership, this station changed its call letters to WKEA on November 13, 1998.

The WKEA call letters were chosen to match co-owned WKEA-FM in nearby Scottsboro, Alabama. In 2001, in preparation for the sale of this AM station, WKEA's owners petitioned the FCC for new call letters and the station was assigned WYMR on February 13, 2001.

In December 2001, Dade County Broadcasting (Evan E. Stone, president) reached an agreement to purchase WYMR from KEA Radio Inc. (Ronald Livengood, president) for a reported sale price of $36,000. The deal was approved by the FCC on January 18, 2002, and the transaction was consummated on January 31, 2002. At the time of the sale, the station broadcast an adult standards music format.

In April 2003, Stone Collins Communications Inc. (William J. Lord, VP) reached an agreement to purchase WYMR from Dade County Broadcasting Inc. (Evan E. Stone, president/director) for a reported sale price of $45,000. The deal was approved by the FCC on July 31, 2003, but the transaction was never consummated, and the station's license remained with Dade County Broadcasting.

In June 2005, MG Media Inc. (Marvin Glass, owner) reached an agreement to purchase WYMR from Dade County Broadcasting Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on September 23, 2005, and the transaction was consummated on September 29, 2005.

The station was assigned the WGNQ call letters by the FCC on November 13, 2007.

In April 2013, MG Media sold WGNQ to Anthony Bono's Partners Media Investments LLC for $55,000. The sale was consummated on August 2, 2013.

The station was assigned the WVOV call letters by the FCC on September 7, 2013.

On May 1, 2017, WVOV went silent. The station changed its call sign to WDXW on November 13, 2017, and then to WJTW on September 2, 2019. Is back on the air.

Effective August 31, 2020, Partners Media Investments sold WJTW and its translator to Bridgeport, Inc. for $30,000.

On January 13, 2021, WJTW changed their format from adult contemporary to a hybrid classic country/southern gospel format, still under the "Mix 106.1/95.7" branding.

On January 1, 2022, WJTW changed their format from a hybrid classic country/southern gospel format to a 1970s/1980s based classic hits format as "106.1 The Eagle".

Previous logo

References

External links

JTW
Radio stations established in 1961
Jackson County, Alabama
1961 establishments in Alabama
Classic hits radio stations in the United States


WYMR may refer to:

 WYMR (FM), a radio station (98.3 FM) licensed to serve Culver, Indiana, United States
 WJTW, a radio station (1480 AM) licensed to serve Bridgeport, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WYMR from 2001 to 2007
 WWLL, a radio station (105.7 FM) licensed to serve Sebring, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WYMR from 1995 to 1998


Bialobrzeski can refer to:

Places
Białobrzegi County, Poland

Other uses
Białobrzeski family, a Polish noble family


The Port of Vancouver is the largest port in Canada and the fourth largest in North America by tonnes of cargo, facilitating trade between Canada and more than 170 world economies. The port is managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, which was created in 2008 as an amalgamation of the former Port of Vancouver, the North Fraser Port Authority, and the Fraser River Port Authority. It is the principal authority for shipping and port-related land and sea use in the Metro Vancouver region.

History

Predecessors
Prior to the formation of the new authority, there were three separate port authorities in the Metro Vancouver region: the Port of Vancouver, which was the largest port in Canada; the Fraser River Port Authority; and the North Fraser Port Authority.

The Vancouver Port Authority was responsible for the Port of Vancouver, which was the largest port in Canada and the Pacific Northwest. The port had 25 major terminals. The port first began operations with the opening of Ballantyne Pier in 1923. In 2005/2006, the port handled 79.4 million tonnes of cargo, 1.8 million containers, 910,172 cruise passengers, and 2,677 foreign vessels. The authority was responsible for 233 km of coastline from Vancouver to the Canada–United States border.

The Fraser River Port Authority was created in 1913 to manage ports along the Fraser River. It was the second largest port in Vancouver and extended along the main arm of the river eastward to the Fraser Valley at Kanaka Creek, and north along the Pitt River to Pitt Lake. The Port's jurisdiction encompassed 270 kilometres of shoreline that border nine different municipalities in the Lower Mainland. In 2007, the port handled 36 million tonnes of cargo, 191,000 TEUs of containerized cargo, and 573 cargo vessels. The cargo at the port consisted of logs, cement, general cargo, steel, and automobiles. Its tenants included several large auto ports, making it the largest auto port in Canada.

The North Fraser Port Authority was incorporated in 1913 as the North Fraser Harbour Commissioners. It was the smallest of the three ports and was located on the north arm of the Fraser River from the University of British Columbia to New Westminster. The traffic of the port mainly consisted of logs and wood fibre. The port covered around 920 hectares of land and water lots and it handled nearly 18 million tonnes of cargo in 2004.

Merger
Although the ports were financially self-sufficient, the federal legislation governing the authorities generated some inefficiency because the legally separate port authorities were forced to compete with each other economically for business. This came to the attention of the local media in 2006 when it was found that the recently expanded Fraser Surrey Docks, operated by the Fraser River Port Authority in New Westminster, were sitting idle after their principal shipping partner, CP Ships, relocated to the Port of Vancouver, which was already nearing capacity. Some critics opposed the possible merger as they felt the new authority would not recognize the unique concerns of the Fraser River.

To increase the efficiency of the ports of Metro Vancouver, the federal Minister of Transport permitted the three authorities to study the benefits of amalgamating in June 2006. The resulting report highlighted several benefits of amalgamation, and on June 16, Transport Canada granted a "certificate of intent to amalgamate port authorities". On December 21, 2007, the government of Canada published a certificate of amalgamation that allowed the three port authorities to merge into one effective January 1, 2008. The resulting entity became known as Port Metro Vancouver.

Post-merger
Since 2013, the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority also merged with Canada Place Corporation, which formerly operated Canada Place as a subsidiary of Port of Vancouver.

On April 6, 2016, the port authority dropped "Port Metro Vancouver" from its branding and re-adopted "Port of Vancouver" to refer to Vancouver's port, while using "Vancouver Fraser Port Authority" when referencing activities or decisions of the port authority.

Responsibility
The Port of Vancouver is managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, formerly called Port Metro Vancouver. It was created with the responsibility for the stewardship of the federal port lands in and around Vancouver, British Columbia. It was created as a financially self-sufficient company that is accountable to the federal minister of transport and operates pursuant to the Canada Marine Act. The port authority and port terminals and tenants are responsible for the efficient and reliable movement of goods and passengers, integrating environmental, social and economic sustainability initiatives into all areas of port operations.

In 2014, the Port of Vancouver was the fourth largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 29th in the world in terms of total cargo and 44th in the world by container traffic. The port enables the trade of approximately $240 billion in goods. Port activities sustain 115,300 jobs, $7 billion in wages, and $11.9 billion in GDP across Canada.

Major initiatives

The Container Capacity Improvement Program (CCIP) is the port's long-term strategy to meet anticipated growth in container traffic, which is expected to triple by the year 2030. The program consists of projects that both improve the efficiency of existing infrastructure and explore opportunities to build new infrastructure as demand rises. CCIP projects include the Deltaport Terminal Road and Rail Improvement Project (DTRRIP) and the proposed Roberts Bank Terminal 2 project.

DTTRIP will result in infrastructure upgrades that would increase Deltaport's container capacity by 600,000 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units), within the terminal's existing footprint. The Roberts Bank Terminal 2 project is a proposed marine container terminal that could provide an additional capacity of 2.4 million TEUs per year to meet forecasted demand until 2030.

North Shore Trade Area projects
 Western Level Lower Level Route Extension
 Pemberton Avenue Grade Separation
 Low Level Road Realignment
 Neptune/Cargill Grade Separation
 Brooksbank Avenue Underpass
 Lynn Creek Rail Bridge Addition

South Shore Trade Area projects
 Powell Street Grade Separation
 Stewart Street/Victoria Overpass

Environmental initiatives
 Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation (ECHO) Program (2014-2021)

Terminals and facilities

Port of Vancouver offers 30 deep-sea and domestic marine terminals that service five business sectors: automobiles, break-bulk, bulk, containers, and cruise.

Automobile terminals
 Annacis Auto Terminals
 Richmond Auto Terminal

Break-bulk terminals
 Fraser Surrey Docks
 Lynnterm

Bulk terminals
 Alliance Grain Terminal
 Cargill
 Cascadia
 Chemtrade Chemicals
 Fibreco
 Fraser Grain Terminal
 G3 Terminal Vancouver
 IOCO
 Lantic Inc.
 Neptune Bulk Terminals
 Pacific Coast Terminals
 Pacific Elevators
 Parkland Terminal
 Richardson International
 Shellburn
 Suncor Energy - Burrard Products Terminal
 Univar Canada Terminal
 Vancouver Wharves
 West Coast Reduction
 Westridge Marine Terminal
 Westshore Terminals

Container terminals
 Centerm
 Deltaport
 Fraser Surrey Docks
 Vanterm

Cruise terminals
 Canada Place

Incidents
In January 2019, the cargo ship Ever Summit crashed into a crane. There was no death or injuries.

See also
 History of Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh longshoremen, 1863-1963
 List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean

References

External links
 International Shipping in British Columbia

Transport in Greater Vancouver
Vancouver
Economy of Vancouver
Port authorities in Canada


Sir William Stafford, of Chebsey, in Staffordshire (c. 1508 – 5 May 1556) was an Essex landowner and the second husband of Mary Boleyn, who was the sister of Anne Boleyn and one-time mistress of King Henry VIII of England.

Biography
Stafford was the second son of Sir Humphrey Stafford (died 22 September 1545) of Cottered and Rushden, Hertfordshire, by his first wife, Margaret Fogge, daughter of Sir John Fogge of Ashford, Kent. His family was distantly related to the mighty Stafford family, the Dukes of Buckingham and the Earls of Wiltshire until the fall of grace of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham. Though born to a prominent family of landed gentry, William Stafford was a mere gentleman and only a second son, and thus served Henry VIII as a soldier.

In 1532, Stafford was listed as one of the two hundred people who accompanied Henry VIII to France. The purpose of the journey was for Henry and his fiancée, Anne Boleyn, to meet with Francis I so that he might show his public support and approval for the annulment of Henry's first marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Among the other travellers was Anne Boleyn's sister, Mary Boleyn, the eldest daughter of Thomas Boleyn, who was by then the Earl of both Wiltshire and Ormonde. With her connections, Mary had excellent marriage prospects. Nonetheless, Mary and Stafford married in secret in 1534. When the marriage was discovered after Mary became pregnant, the couple were banished from court.

The couple initially lived at Chebsey in Staffordshire, but later moved to the Boleyn family home, Rochford Hall at Rochford, in Essex. They lived in relative obscurity until Mary died in 1543, after which Stafford served in Scotland. He was knighted there in 1545 - during the reign of Henry VIII - and, two years later, became an MP for Hastings. Also in 1545, Stafford remarried, this time to his second cousin, Dorothy Stafford, the youngest daughter of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Ursula Pole (d. 1570).

During the reign of Mary I, Stafford and his family fled to Geneva. He died there on 5 May 1556, not living to see the reign of his first wife's niece, Elizabeth I, or to see his wife, children, and stepchildren become influential courtiers in Elizabeth's court.

Marriages and issue
In 1534, William Stafford secretly wed, as her second husband, Mary Boleyn (c. 1499 – 1543), sister of King Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn. Mary Boleyn is said to have been pregnant at the time of her marriage to Sir William Stafford; however if there were children of the marriage, nothing further is known of them.

Stafford married secondly, in 1545, Dorothy Stafford (d. 22 September 1604), daughter of Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, and Ursula Pole, by whom he had three sons and three daughters:

Elizabeth Stafford (1546 – 6 February 1599), who married firstly, Sir William Drury (1550–1590), by whom she had issue. She married secondly Sir John Scott.
Sir Edward Stafford (1552–1604) of Grafton, who married firstly, Roberta Chapman (d. 1578), the daughter of Alexander Chapman of Rainthorpe Hall, Norfolk, by whom he had a son and two daughters, and secondly, on 29 November 1597, Douglas Sheffield (1547–1608), daughter of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham, and sister of Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham.
Ursula Stafford (b. 1553), who married Richard Drake (d. 11 July 1603) of Esher, Surrey, equerry to Elizabeth I, third son of John Drake (d. 1558), esquire, of Ash in the parish of Musbury, Devonshire, and brother of Bernard Drake, by whom she had a son, Francis Drake (d. 1633).
William Stafford (1554–1612), conspirator, who about 1593 married Anne Gryme (d. 1612), daughter of Thomas Gryme of Antingham, Norfolk, by whom he had a daughter, Dorothy Stafford, and a son, William Stafford (1593–1684).
Sir John Stafford of Marlwood Park (January 1556 – 28 September 1624), Thornbury, Gloucestershire, who married firstly, Bridget Clopton (d. March 1574), the daughter of William Clopton of Kentwell Hall, by whom he had a son, and secondly, on 29 January 1580, Millicent Gresham (buried 24 December 1602), the daughter of Edmund Gresham (buried 31 August 1586) and Joan Hynde, by whom he had no issue.
Dorothy Stafford, who likely died in infancy.

Ancestry

In popular culture

Films and television
 Stafford is portrayed by Eddie Redmayne in the Hollywood adaptation of The Other Boleyn Girl, by Philippa Gregory, alongside Scarlett Johansson as Mary Boleyn.
Philip Glenister played Stafford alongside Natascha McElhone as Mary in the BBC film of The Other Boleyn Girl.
 Stafford is mentioned in the Showtime series The Tudors, in regards to his marriage to Mary Boleyn. He does not, however, appear on-screen.
 Stafford appears briefly in the third episode of the television adaptation of Wolf Hall, played by Tom Forbes.

Books
 Stafford appears as a principal character in The Last Boleyn, by Karen Harper, a book about the life of Mary Boleyn in the years before, during, and after her time as the mistress of Henry VIII . He was called "Staff" by all who knew him (in particular Henry VIII ).
 Stafford (called "William") also was a main character in The Other Boleyn Girl, by Philippa Gregory, who escorts Mary Boleyn to Hever Castle, first starting in 1527. They become friends soon after the death of Mary's first husband, William Carey and William (Stafford) buys Mary's children, Catherine Carey, Lady Knollys, and Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, their first ponies. Mary and William marry in 1533, and in secret, and Anne Boleyn, Mary's sister, doesn't discover it until a year later, when Mary discovers that she is pregnant for the third time with her daughter, also called Anne.
 Stafford's marriage is mentioned in Wolf Hall, where Mary Boleyn is a prominent character. He appears briefly during a scene set in Calais.

Notes

References

Bibliography
Hart, Kelly. The Mistresses of Henry VIII. The History Press (1 July 2011);
Bindoff, The Commons 1509–1558
Oxford DNB, Mary Boleyn

English courtiers
English knights
Knights Bachelor
William
1556 deaths
16th-century English soldiers
Boleyn family
English MPs 1547–1552
Marian exiles
People from Rochford
16th-century people from the Republic of Geneva
People from North Northamptonshire
People from the Borough of Stafford
Court of Henry VIII
16th-century English landowners


WZCT (1330 AM, "Southern Gospel Z-13") was a radio station licensed to serve Scottsboro, Alabama. The station was last owned by Bonner and Carlile Enterprises. It aired a Southern Gospel music format.

The station was assigned the WZCT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on March 5, 1990. The station's owners surrendered its license on February 16, 2021, and it was cancelled on March 1, 2021.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWZCT (Facility ID: 6357)
FCC History Cards for WZCT (covering 1950-1981 as WROS / WKEA)

ZCT
Radio stations established in 1990
Radio stations disestablished in 2021
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
ZCT
1990 establishments in Alabama
2021 disestablishments in Alabama


Akwidaa is a small town and fishing village in Ahanta West district, a district in the Western Region of south-west Ghana, and is one of the southernmost places in Ghana.

Economy
The economy is primarily based upon fishing, with many fishing boats lining the beach.

The town and fishing village has Ezile bay village and the Green Turtle Lodge with eight thatched solar powered huts facing the beach alongside a bar and dining annex. It is named after the many green turtles that lay their eggs on Akwidaa beach.

Most business is conducted in the village without legal paperwork and many of the surrounding village chiefs own the land and the coconut trees and all purchases must be transacted through them. Business deals are based on trust and spoken words. A new landowner can buy a tree from the village chiefs and has the options of felling it, or keeping the trees standing and harvesting the coconuts on a farm.

The recent oil discovery in Ghana also has made Akwidaa a new place for investment due to its oil reserved (Block) near Cape Three Point.

History

Akwidaa is a Twi word meaning old man, who during Dutch colonial times, used to ferry people across the river.

In the late 17th and early 18th Century (April 1684 – 1687, 1698–1711, April 1712 – 1717) Akwidaa, then known as Fort Dorothea, was the smaller of two forts which constituted a German colony, the Brandenburger Gold Coast. It was the focus of a struggle with the Dutch, who occupied it in 1687–1698 and to whom the Brandenburgers finally sold it. The ruins of Fort Dorothea were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 along with several other forts and castles in Ghana because of its testimony to European colonial influence and exploitation in West Africa.

References

External links

Populated places in Ahanta West Municipal District
Fishing communities
Fishing communities in Ghana


Baron Ignaz von Plener (21 May 1810 – 17 February 1908) was an Austrian statesman. He served as Minister-President of Austria.

Biography
Baron (Freiherr) Ignaz von Plener was born in Vienna in 1810 in a family of lower nobility. He studied law at the University of Vienna before entering the governmental service.

In 1859 he was made Privy Councilor, a year afterward received the portfolio of Finance and revived the Bank Acts and the Ministry of Commerce before his resignation in 1865, and in 1867 entered the Liberal Centralist cabinet of Giska as Minister of Commerce. This post he held until 1870.

He became the 3rd Minister-President of Cisleithania from 15 January 1870 to 1 February 1870.

He was a member of the Lower House until 1873, when he was appointed to the House of Lords. In 1882 Plener was an ardent opponent of a personal income tax. He was the father of Ernst von Plener.

See also
 List of ministers-president of Austria

External links
 Plener at aeiou

1810 births
1908 deaths
Politicians from Vienna
Barons of Austria
Constitutional Party (Austria) politicians
Ministers-President of Austria
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1861–1867)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1867–1870)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1870–1871)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1871–1873)
Members of the Bohemian Diet
19th-century Ministers-President of Austria
University of Vienna alumni


Belleuse (; Picard: Béleu) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
Belleuse is situated on the D8 road, some  southwest of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


(Eng: Our Homeland) was a popular song in the German Democratic Republic, where it was sung by the Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation.  The lyrics were written by Herbert Keller and the melody by Hans Naumilkat.  The song demonstrates strong bonds with nature, expressing the significance of a sense of homeland (heimat) beyond people.

The song plays an important role in the 2003 film Good Bye, Lenin!, being sung several times by Young Pioneer groups.

Lyrics

References

East German music
Pioneer movement
German songs
German patriotic songs


WZOB (1250 AM, "Number One Country 1250") is a radio station licensed to serve Fort Payne, Alabama.  The station is owned by Central Broadcasting Company, Inc.  It airs a country music format.

Originally owned by Glenn M. Gravitt, the station opened July 2, 1950. The call letters, WZOB, came from Zella Octavia Buttram, the daughter of Johnny Buttram (an advisor to Gravitt and brother of Pat Buttram, the well-known radio and TV comedian), and were requested from and assigned by the Federal Communications Commission.

The Louvin Brothers album Songs That Tell A Story is drawn from songs recorded live on a morning WZOB show in the 1950s.

References

External links

ZOB
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1950
1950 establishments in Alabama


Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of the binary message string, with a fixed number of zeroes appended, by the "generator polynomial" string except that exclusive or operations replace subtractions.  Division of this type is efficiently realised in hardware by a modified shift register, and in software by a series of equivalent algorithms, starting with simple code close to the mathematics and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs.

Various CRC standards extend the polynomial division algorithm by specifying an initial shift register value, a final Exclusive-Or step and, most critically, a bit ordering (endianness).  As a result, the code seen in practice deviates confusingly from "pure" division, and the register may shift left or right.

Example

As an example of implementing polynomial division in hardware, suppose that we are trying to compute an 8-bit CRC of an 8-bit message made of the ASCII character "W", which is binary 010101112, decimal 8710, or hexadecimal 5716.  For illustration, we will use the CRC-8-ATM (HEC) polynomial .  Writing the first bit transmitted (the coefficient of the highest power of ) on the left, this corresponds to the 9-bit string "100000111".

The byte value 5716 can be transmitted in two different orders, depending on the bit ordering convention used.  Each one generates a different message polynomial .  Msbit-first, this is  = 01010111, while lsbit-first, it is  = 11101010.  These can then be multiplied by  to produce two 16-bit message polynomials .

Computing the remainder then consists of subtracting multiples of the generator polynomial .  This is just like decimal long division, but even simpler because the only possible multiples at each step are 0 and 1, and the subtractions borrow "from infinity" instead of reducing the upper digits. Because we do not care about the quotient, there is no need to record it.

Observe that after each subtraction, the bits are divided into three groups: at the beginning, a group which is all zero; at the end, a group which is unchanged from the original; and a blue shaded group in the middle which is "interesting". The "interesting" group is 8 bits long, matching the degree of the polynomial. Every step, the appropriate multiple of the polynomial is subtracted to make the zero group one bit longer, and the unchanged group becomes one bit shorter, until only the final remainder is left.

In the msbit-first example, the remainder polynomial is .  Converting to a hexadecimal number using the convention that the highest power of x is the msbit; this is A216.  In the lsbit-first, the remainder is .  Converting to hexadecimal using the convention that the highest power of x is the lsbit, this is 1916.

Implementation
Writing out the full message at each step, as done in the example above, is very tedious.  Efficient implementations
use an -bit shift register to hold only the interesting bits.  Multiplying the polynomial by  is equivalent to shifting the register by one place, as the coefficients do not change in value but only move up to the next term of the polynomial.

Here is a first draft of some pseudocode for computing an n-bit CRC.  It uses a contrived composite data type for polynomials, where x is not an integer variable, but a constructor generating a Polynomial object that can be added, multiplied and exponentiated.  To xor two polynomials is to add them, modulo two; that is, to exclusive OR the coefficients of each matching term from both polynomials.

 function crc(bit array bitString[1..len], int len) {
     remainderPolynomial := polynomialForm(bitString[1..n])   // First n bits of the message
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     for i from 1 to len {
         remainderPolynomial := remainderPolynomial * x + bitString[i+n] * x0   // Define bitString[k]=0 for k>len
         if coefficient of xn of remainderPolynomial = 1 {
             remainderPolynomial := remainderPolynomial xor generatorPolynomial
         }
     }
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     return remainderPolynomial
 }
Code fragment 1: Simple polynomial division

Note that this example code avoids the need to specify a bit-ordering convention by not using bytes; the input bitString is already in the form of a bit array, and the remainderPolynomial is manipulated in terms of polynomial operations; the multiplication by  could be a left or right shift, and the addition of bitString[i+n] is done to the  coefficient, which could be the right or left end of the register.

This code has two disadvantages.  First, it actually requires an n+1-bit register to hold the remainderPolynomial so that the  coefficient can be tested. More significantly, it requires the bitString to be padded with n zero bits.

The first problem can be solved by testing the  coefficient of the remainderPolynomial before it is multiplied by .

The second problem could be solved by doing the last n iterations differently, but there is a more subtle optimization which is used universally, in both hardware and software implementations.

Because the XOR operation used to subtract the generator polynomial from the message is commutative and associative, it does not matter in what order the various inputs are combined into the remainderPolynomial.  And specifically, a given bit of the bitString does not need to be added to the remainderPolynomial until the very last instant when it is tested to determine whether to xor with the generatorPolynomial.

This eliminates the need to preload the remainderPolynomial with the first n bits of the message, as well:

 function crc(bit array bitString[1..len], int len) {
     remainderPolynomial := 0
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     for i from 1 to len {
         remainderPolynomial := remainderPolynomial xor (bitstring[i] * xn−1)
         if (coefficient of xn−1 of remainderPolynomial) = 1 {
             remainderPolynomial := (remainderPolynomial * x) xor generatorPolynomial
         } else {
             remainderPolynomial := (remainderPolynomial * x)
         }
     }
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     return remainderPolynomial
 }
Code fragment 2: Polynomial division with deferred message XORing

This is the standard bit-at-a-time hardware CRC implementation, and is well worthy of study; once you understand why this computes exactly the same result as the first version, the remaining optimizations are quite straightforward.  If remainderPolynomial is only n bits long, then the  coefficients of it and of generatorPolynomial are simply discarded.  This is the reason that you will usually see CRC polynomials written in binary with the leading coefficient omitted.

In software, it is convenient to note that while one may delay the xor of each bit until the very last moment, it is also possible to do it earlier.  It is usually convenient to perform the xor a byte at a time, even in a bit-at-a-time implementation like this:

 function crc(byte array string[1..len], int len) {
     remainderPolynomial := 0
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     for i from 1 to len {
         remainderPolynomial := remainderPolynomial xor polynomialForm(string[i]) * xn−8
         for j from 1 to 8 {    // Assuming 8 bits per byte
             if coefficient of xn−1 of remainderPolynomial = 1 {
                 remainderPolynomial := (remainderPolynomial * x) xor generatorPolynomial
             } else {
                 remainderPolynomial := (remainderPolynomial * x)
             }
         }
     }
     // A popular variant complements remainderPolynomial here; see  below
     return remainderPolynomial
 }
Code fragment 3: Polynomial division with bytewise message XORing

This is usually the most compact software implementation, used in microcontrollers when space is at a premium over speed.

Bit ordering (endianness)
When implemented in bit serial hardware, the generator polynomial uniquely describes the bit assignment; the first bit transmitted is always the coefficient of the highest power of , and the last  bits transmitted are the CRC remainder , starting with the coefficient of  and ending with the coefficient of , a.k.a. the coefficient of 1.

However, when bits are processed a byte at a time, such as when using parallel transmission, byte framing as in 8B/10B encoding or RS-232-style asynchronous serial communication, or when implementing a CRC in software, it is necessary to specify the bit ordering (endianness) of the data; which bit in each byte is considered "first" and will be the coefficient of the higher power of .

If the data is destined for serial communication, it is best to use the bit ordering the data will ultimately be sent in.  This is because a CRC's ability to detect burst errors is based on proximity in the message polynomial ; if adjacent polynomial terms are not transmitted sequentially, a physical error burst of one length may be seen as a longer burst due to the rearrangement of bits.

For example, both IEEE 802 (ethernet) and RS-232 (serial port) standards specify least-significant bit first (little-endian) transmission, so a software CRC implementation to protect data sent across such a link should map the least significant bits in each byte to coefficients of the highest powers of .  On the other hand, floppy disks and most hard drives write the most significant bit of each byte first.

The lsbit-first CRC is slightly simpler to implement in software, so is somewhat more commonly seen, but many programmers find the msbit-first bit ordering easier to follow.  Thus, for example, the XMODEM-CRC extension, an early use of CRCs in software, uses an msbit-first CRC.

So far, the pseudocode has avoided specifying the ordering of bits within bytes by describing shifts in the pseudocode as multiplications by  and writing explicit conversions from binary to polynomial form.  In practice, the CRC is held in a standard binary register using a particular bit-ordering convention.  In msbit-first form, the most significant binary bits will be sent first and so contain the higher-order polynomial coefficients, while in lsbit-first form, the least-significant binary bits contain the higher-order coefficients.  The above pseudocode can be written in both forms.  For concreteness, this uses the 16-bit  CRC-16-CCITT polynomial :

 // Most significant bit first (big-endian)
 // x^16+x^12+x^5+1 = (1) 0001 0000 0010 0001 = 0x1021
 function crc(byte array string[1..len], int len) {
     rem := 0
     // A popular variant complements rem here
     for i from 1 to len {
         rem  := rem xor (string[i] leftShift (n-8))   // n = 16 in this example
         for j from 1 to 8 {   // Assuming 8 bits per byte
             if rem and 0x8000 {   // if leftmost (most significant) bit is set
                 rem  := (rem leftShift 1) xor 0x1021
             } else {
                 rem  := rem leftShift 1
             }
             rem  := rem and 0xffff      // Trim remainder to 16 bits
         }
     }
     // A popular variant complements rem here
     return rem
 }
Code fragment 4: Shift register based division, MSB first

 // Least significant bit first (little-endian)
 // x^16+x^12+x^5+1 = 1000 0100 0000 1000 (1) = 0x8408
 function crc(byte array string[1..len], int len) {
     rem  := 0
     // A popular variant complements rem here
     for i from 1 to len {
         rem  := rem xor string[i]
         for j from 1 to 8 {   // Assuming 8 bits per byte
             if rem and 0x0001 {   // if rightmost (most significant) bit is set
                 rem  := (rem rightShift 1) xor 0x8408
             } else {
                 rem  := rem rightShift 1
             }
         }
     }
     // A popular variant complements rem here
     return rem
 }
Code fragment 5: Shift register based division, LSB first

Note that the lsbit-first form avoids the need to shift string[i] before the xor.  In either case, be sure to transmit the bytes of the CRC in the order that matches your chosen bit-ordering convention.

Multi-bit computation

Sarwate algorithm (single lookup table)
Another common optimization uses a lookup table indexed by highest order coefficients of rem to process more than one bit of dividend per iteration.  Most commonly, a 256-entry lookup table is used, replacing the body of the outer loop (over i) with:

 // Msbit-first
 rem = (rem leftShift 8) xor big_endian_table[string[i] xor ((leftmost 8 bits of rem) rightShift (n-8))]
 // Lsbit-first
 rem = (rem rightShift 8) xor little_endian_table[string[i] xor (rightmost 8 bits of rem)]
Code fragment 6: Cores of table based division

One of the most commonly encountered CRC algorithms is known as CRC-32, used by (among others) Ethernet, FDDI, ZIP and other archive formats, and PNG image format.  Its polynomial can be written msbit-first as 0x04C11DB7, or lsbit-first as 0xEDB88320. The W3C webpage on PNG includes an appendix with a short and simple table-driven implementation in C of CRC-32. You will note that the code corresponds to the lsbit-first byte-at-a-time pseudocode presented here, and the table is generated using the bit-at-a-time code.

Using a 256-entry table is usually most convenient, but other sizes can be used.  In small microcontrollers, using a 16-entry table to process four bits at a time gives a useful speed improvement while keeping the table small.  On computers with ample storage, a -entry table can be used to process 16 bits at a time.

Generating the tables

The software to generate the tables is so small and fast that it is usually faster to compute them on program startup than to load precomputed tables from storage.  One popular technique is to use the bit-at-a-time code 256 times to generate the CRCs of the 256 possible 8-bit bytes.  However, this can be optimized significantly by taking advantage of the property that table[i xor j] == table[i] xor table[j].  Only the table entries corresponding to powers of two need to be computed directly.

In the following example code, crc holds the value of table[i]:

 big_endian_table[0] := 0
 crc := 0x8000 // Assuming a 16-bit polynomial
 i := 1
 do {
     if crc and 0x8000 {
         crc := (crc leftShift 1) xor 0x1021 // The CRC polynomial
     } else {
         crc := crc leftShift 1
     }
     // crc is the value of big_endian_table[i]; let j iterate over the already-initialized entries
     for j from 0 to i−1 {
         big_endian_table[i + j] := crc xor big_endian_table[j];
     }
     i := i leftshift 1
 } while i < 256
Code fragment 7: Byte-at-a-time CRC table generation, MSB first

 little_endian_table[0] := 0
 crc := 1;
 i := 128
 do {
     if crc and 1 {
         crc := (crc rightShift 1) xor 0x8408 // The CRC polynomial
     } else {
         crc := crc rightShift 1
     }
     // crc is the value of little_endian_table[i]; let j iterate over the already-initialized entries
     for j from 0 to 255 by 2 × i {
         little_endian_table[i + j] := crc xor little_endian_table[j];
     }
     i := i rightshift 1
 } while i > 0
Code fragment 8: Byte-at-a-time CRC table generation, LSB first

In these code samples, the table index i + j is equivalent to i xor j; you may use whichever form is more convenient.

CRC-32 algorithm
This is a practical algorithm for the CRC-32 variant of CRC. The CRCTable is a memoization of a calculation that would have to be repeated for each byte of the message ().

 Function CRC32
    Input:
       data:  Bytes     // Array of bytes
    Output:
       crc32: UInt32    // 32-bit unsigned CRC-32 value
 // Initialize CRC-32 to starting value
 crc32 ← 0xFFFFFFFF
 for each byte in data do
    nLookupIndex ← (crc32 xor byte) and 0xFF
    crc32 ← (crc32 shr 8) xor CRCTable[nLookupIndex]  // CRCTable is an array of 256 32-bit constants
 // Finalize the CRC-32 value by inverting all the bits
 crc32 ← crc32 xor 0xFFFFFFFF
 return crc32

In C, the algorithm looks as such:
#include <inttypes.h> // uint32_t, uint8_t

uint32_t CRC32(const uint8_t data[], size_t data_length) {
	uint32_t crc32 = 0xFFFFFFFFu;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < data_length; i++) {
		const uint32_t lookupIndex = (crc32 ^ data[i]) & 0xff;
		crc32 = (crc32 >> 8) ^ CRCTable[lookupIndex];  // CRCTable is an array of 256 32-bit constants
	}

	// Finalize the CRC-32 value by inverting all the bits
	crc32 ^= 0xFFFFFFFFu;
	return crc32;
}

Byte-Slicing using multiple tables

There exists a slice-by-N (typically slice-by-8 for CRC32; N ≤ 64) algorithm that usually doubles or triples the performance compared to the Sarwate algorithm. Instead of reading 8 bits at a time, the algorithm reads 8N bits at a time. Doing so maximizes performance on superscalar processors.

It is unclear who actually invented the algorithm.

Parallel computation without table

Parallel update for a byte or a word at a time can also be done explicitly, without a table. This is normally used in high-speed hardware implementations.  For each bit an equation is solved after 8 bits have been shifted in. The following tables list the equations for some commonly used polynomials, using following symbols:

Two-step computation
As the CRC-32 polynomial has a large number of terms, when computing the remainder a byte at a time each bit depends on several bits of the previous iteration.  In byte-parallel hardware implementations this calls for either multiple-input or cascaded XOR gates which increases propagation delay.

To maximise computation speed, an intermediate remainder can be calculated by passing the message through a 123-bit shift register.  The polynomial is a carefully selected multiple of the standard polynomial such that the terms (feedback taps) are widely spaced, and no bit of the remainder is XORed more than once per byte iteration.  Thus only two-input XOR gates, the fastest possible, are needed.  Finally the intermediate remainder is divided by the standard polynomial in a second shift register to yield the CRC-32 remainder.

Block-wise computation
Block-wise computation of the remainder can be performed in hardware for any CRC polynomial by factorizing the State Space transformation matrix needed to compute the remainder into two simpler Toeplitz matrices.

One-pass checking
When appending a CRC to a message, it is possible to detach the transmitted CRC, recompute it, and verify the recomputed value against the transmitted one.  However, a simpler technique is commonly
used in hardware.

When the CRC is transmitted with the correct byte order (matching the chosen bit-ordering convention), a receiver can compute an overall CRC, over the message and the CRC, and if they are correct, the result will be zero.
This possibility is the reason that most network protocols that include a CRC do so before the ending delimiter; it is not necessary to know whether the end of the packet is imminent to check the CRC.
In fact, a few protocols use the CRC *as* the ending delimiter -- CRC-based framing.

CRC variants
In practice, most standards specify presetting the register to all-ones and inverting the CRC before transmission.  This has no effect on the ability of a CRC to detect changed bits, but gives it the ability to notice bits that are added to the message.

Preset to −1
The basic mathematics of a CRC accepts (considers as correctly transmitted) messages which, when interpreted as a polynomial, are a multiple of the CRC polynomial.  If some leading 0 bits are prepended to such a message, they will not change its interpretation as a polynomial.  This is equivalent to the fact that 0001 and 1 are the same number.

But if the message being transmitted does care about leading 0 bits, the inability of the basic CRC algorithm to detect such a change is undesirable.  If it is possible that a transmission error could add such bits, a simple solution is to start with the rem shift register set to some non-zero value; for convenience, the all-ones value is typically used.  This is mathematically equivalent to complementing (binary NOT) the first n bits of the message, where n is the number of bits in the CRC register.

This does not affect CRC generation and checking in any way, as long as both generator and checker use the same initial value.  Any non-zero initial value will do, and a few standards specify unusual values, but the all-ones value (−1 in twos complement binary) is by far the most common.  Note that a one-pass CRC generate/check will still produce a result of zero when the message is correct, regardless of the preset value.

Post-invert
The same sort of error can occur at the end of a message, albeit with a more limited set of messages.  Appending 0 bits to a message is equivalent to multiplying its polynomial by x, and if it was previously a multiple of the CRC polynomial, the result of that multiplication will be, as well.  This is equivalent to the fact that, since 726 is a multiple of 11, so is 7260.

A similar solution can be applied at the end of the message, inverting the CRC register before it is appended to the message.  Again, any non-zero change will do; inverting all the bits (XORing with an all-ones pattern) is simply the most common.

This has an effect on one-pass CRC checking: instead of producing a result of zero when the message is correct, it produces a fixed non-zero result.  (To be precise, the result is the CRC (without non-zero preset, but with post-invert) of the inversion pattern.)  Once this constant has been obtained (most easily by performing a one-pass CRC generate/check on an arbitrary message), it can be used directly to verify the correctness of any other message checked using the same CRC algorithm.

See also
General category
 Error correcting code
 List of hash functions
 Parity is equivalent to a 1-bit CRC with polynomial .

Non-CRC checksums
 Adler-32
 Fletcher's checksum

References

External links

Cyclic redundancy checks
Finite fields
Articles with example pseudocode


Lacken or Lackan () is a townland and small village in the west of County Wicklow, Ireland, located on the shores of the Blessington lakes and western edge of the Wicklow Mountains.

Lacken in situated on the Blessington 'Lake Drive' and is sometimes noted for its view across the lake. The area has been used as a location for a number of number of films, including Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), This Is My Father (1999) and P.S. I Love You (2007).

As of the 2011 census of Ireland, the townland had a population of 200 people.

History

Built heritage
Evidence of ancient settlement in the townland includes holy well, bullaun stone and ecclesiastical enclosure sites. The local Catholic church, Our Lady Of Mount Carmel church, is in the parish of Valleymount and was built in 1811.

A primary school was built in Lacken in 1869, and later converted to become a community centre. A new primary school was built and opened in January 2011, and (as of 2013) had an enrollment of 71 pupils.

A post office was opened in Lacken on 4 September 1951 as a sub-office to Blessington, but has since closed.

RAF crash
At approximately 04:34am on 18 April 1941, a Handley Page Hampden aircraft (Registration AD730) got lost in bad weather and crashed on nearby Black Hill (Kilbeg) killing its entire crew of four. All of the crew were under the age of 23.

The plane was one of seven aircraft which had departed RAF Lindholme, North Yorkshire the previous evening around 20.15pm on a bombing mission to Berlin. On the return leg, AD730 went missing. Lack of visibility, bad weather or failure of equipment due to technical or atmospheric problems have all been given as possible reasons for the plane going off course. The plane crashed in an almost inaccessible part of remote bog on Black Hill and it took searchers two days to find the remains of all four crew members. It appeared that death would have been instantaneous as the crew had not even been aware to put on parachutes. Full military funerals took place on Tuesday 22 April 1941 at St. Mary’s Church, Blessington, by order of the Irish Government. In attendance was a Mr. Leywood of the British Legation, who had arrived in Blessington on Sunday 20th and visited the scene of the crash. The Irish Times the day after reported that “During the funeral all shops in Blessington were closed and blinds drawn on windows.” A memorial stone was unveiled at the crash site on 18 April 1991 and the crew are remembered in the prayers of the congregation of St. Mary’s on every anniversary of the crash. The crew included wireless operator/gunner Sgt. Frederick Henry Erdwin, navigator Sgt. John Thompson Lamb, WOp/Gunner Sgt. Stanley Wright, and pilot officer John Kenneth Hill.

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

Towns and villages in County Wicklow


Makowski (feminine: Makowska; plural: Makowscy) is a Polish surname with regional variations across Slavic countries, such as Makovsky in Russia.

Etymology
The surname Makowski relates to a location, as it was common among nobility (the suffix -ski being the equivalent of the English "of", the Germanic "von" and the French "de"). In this case, it is likely indicating one of the towns named Maków or Makowo.

The etymological root "Mak" translates to "Poppy" in Slavic languages.

Related surnames

Coat of Arms
The "Polish Armorial" reference by the heraldist Kasper Niesiecki lists several noble (szlachta) people with the name Makowski belonging to different heraldic clans (herb), including:

 Makowski: Niesiecki mentions the captain of the cavalry Tomasz Makowski, ennobled in 1662.
 Jelita
 Gryf and Ogończyk

People

Arts
 The Russified Polish members of the Makovsky artist family, including:
Egor Makovsky (1802-1866), amateur painter and accountant, father of:
Alexandra Makovskaya (1837–1915), Russian landscape painter
Konstantin Makovsky (1839–1915), Russian history and portrait painter, father of:
Sergey Makovsky (1877–1962), Russian poet, art critic, and organizer of art expositions
Elena Luksch-Makovskaya (1878-1967), Russian painter and sculptor
Nikolay Makovsky (1842–1886), Russian genre painter
Vladimir Makovsky (1846–1920), Russian genre painter and art collector, father of:
Aleksandr Makovsky (1869–1924), Russian painter
 Tadeusz Makowski (1882–1932), Polish painter
 Helena Makowska (1893–1964), Polish actress
 Zbigniew Makowski (1930–2019), Polish painter

Academia
 Jan Makowski  (1588-1644), Polish philologist
   (?-1683), Polish theologist
 Johann Makowsky (born 1948), Hungarian mathematician
 Liza Makowski, American scientist

Military
   (1914-1944), Polish member of the French Resistance

Politics
 Stanley Makowski (1923–1981), American politician
 Andrzej Gąsienica-Makowski (born 1952), Polish politician

Sports
 Grażyna Staszak-Makowska (born 1953), Polish fencer
 Greg Makowski (born 1956), American soccer player
 Maria Makowska (born 1969), Polish footballer

Others
  (1575-1630), Polish cartograph
 Tomasz Makowski (librarian) (born 1970), Polish librarian
 Michael Makowski (born 1983), Australian entrepreneur and television personality

See also

References

Polish-language surnames


Dwyran was a rural district in the administrative county of Anglesey, Wales from 1894 to 1933.

The rural district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of Carnarvon Rural Sanitary District in Anglesey. It took its name from the village of Dwyran, which lay at its centre.

The district consisted of five civil parishes:
Llanfair Cwmmwd
Llangaffo
Llangeinwen
Llanidan
Newborough

The rural district was abolished in 1933, when a county review order amalgamated it into an enlarged Aethwy Rural District.

External links

Aethwy Rural District Council and Dwyran Rural District Council records (Archives Network Wales), accessed January 23, 2008

Rural districts of Wales
History of Anglesey
1894 establishments in Wales


Maków may refer to:

Maków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, south Poland
Maków, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland
Maków, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
Maków, Silesian Voivodeship, south Poland
Maków, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north Poland
Maków County, a county in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
Maków Mazowiecki, a town in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland

See also
Maków-Kolonia, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland
Makov (disambiguation)
Makowo (disambiguation)


Act! may refer to:

Act! CRM, a customer relationship management software
ACT! for America, a United States-based anti-Muslim group
Act! (Italy), an Italian political party


WZNJ (106.5 FM, The River) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Demopolis, Alabama. Since August 2011, the station has been owned by Westburg Broadcasting Alabama, LLC.  It previously aired a classic hits music format branded as "The River". On June 3, 2015, it flipped to Urban Contemporary and Urban Oldies, under the same River branding. Syndicated programming includes ''The Steve Harvey Morning Show Monday-Saturday.
The station was assigned the "WZNJ" call sign by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on August 4, 1986.

References

External links

ZNJ
Urban contemporary radio stations in the United States
Marengo County, Alabama
Radio stations established in 1975
1975 establishments in Alabama


Roberto Quaglia (born 17 May 1962) is an Italian science fiction writer. Many of his works have been translated and published in Romania, and some have also been translated into English, Russian, Spanish, French, Czech, Hungarian and Dutch.

Life and career
Quaglia has held a variety of jobs, among them photographer, owner and barman of a pub, internet entrepreneur and politician.  From the beginning of 1995 to the end of 1997 he was a Councilor in Genoa.  Since 1989, he has been active in science fiction fandom. He has over a number of years occasionally written articles for the Science Fact & Science Fiction Concatenation, the SF zine that has won the most Eurocon Awards.   Between 2002 and 2013 was vice-chairman of the European Science Fiction Society, the organization which coordinates the annual Eurocon science fiction convention.

In 1994 he became friends with American science fiction writer Robert Sheckley. In 1999 he and Sheckley traveled together around Europe for over a month, the first of a number of long journeys they took together. Some of Quaglia's articles, videos and photographs of these trips can be found on the Internet.  In 2004, Quaglia and Sheckley began planning to write two books together, a project which became public a few months before Sheckley's death, in an article published by the Ukrainian press during Sheckley's last journey, a tour of the Ukraine together with Quaglia. Sheckley's death put an end to this project.

In 2003, Quaglia and British writer Ian Watson met and became friends, which led to a literary collaboration. Together they wrote the collection of My Beloved stories, some of which are available on the Internet, having been published by Helix SF, Flurb and in the United States, Clarkesworld Magazine. Other stories have been published in the American magazine Weird Tales, the Canadian anthology Lust For Life, New Writings in the Fantastic, several Mammoth Books of Best New Erotica: Volume 7, Volume 9 and  Best of Best New Erotica, and in other books.  In 2009 these stories were collected into an anthology, The Beloved of My Beloved, published by NewCon Press, and launched in March–April 2009 at the Eurocon in Fiuggi and the Eastercon in Bradford.

Awards and honors
2009 - Eurocon ESFS Award for Best European Writer
2010 - BSFA Award for best short story for "The Beloved Time of Their Life"

Works
Novels
 1994:  Vagabondul interspaţial ("The Vagabond of Ether"). :ro:Nemira.
 2002: Bread, Butter and Paradoxine. Solid.
 2009: Paradoxine: The Adventures of James Vagabond (revised edition of Bread, Butter and Paradoxine). Immanion Press. ,
 2011: Jonathan Livingshit Pigeon: A Tail of Transcendence. Eagle Publishing House.

Other fiction
 1992: Somebody up there is lusting for me – science fiction play (distributed as a free gift to all attenders of Eurocon 1993 in Jersey)
 1998:  God Ltd (Italian: "Dio S.r.l.") – short stories collection,  Nemira.
 2009: with Ian Watson: The Beloved of My Beloved – short stories collection, NewconPress.  (hardcover),   (paperback), re-published as an ebook in 2011 by Gollancz,

Non-fiction
 1995: The future of science fiction – essay (in the official Souvenir Book of Intersection, the 53rd World Science Fiction Convention, Glasgow)
 2003:  Pensiero stocastico ("Stochastic Thought") – essay collection :it: Delos Books
2004:  Gandirea Stocastica :ro: Nemira
 2003:  "Tutto quello che avreste sempre voluto sapere sull'11 settembre 2001, ma che non avete mai osato chiedervi" ("Everything you wanted to know about September 11, but have never dared to ask yourself") – essay, in Tutto quello che sai è falso. Manuale dei segreti e delle bugie. NuoviMondiMedia.  (Italian edition of Everything You Know Is Wrong Russ Kick, ed.)
 2006:  Il Mito dell'11 Settembre e l'Opzione Dottor Stranamore ("The September 11th Myth and the Doctor Strangelove Option"). PonSinMor.
2009:  11 Septembrie, Mitul. Editura Stefan.<ref>[http://www.11septembriemitul.com/ 11 Septembrie, Mitul]</ref>
2011:The Myth of September 11: The Satanic Verses of Western Democracy. Eagle Publishing House.
 2011: Avatar: The New Fantastic Horizons of Oneiric Justice'' – essay (in No.267 of Vector, the critical journal of the British Science Fiction Association)

References
Notes

External links
"The Beloved Time of Their Lives", The text of the 2009 BSFA Award-winning short story
"El amor de sus vidas", Spanish translation of the text of the 2009 BSFA Award-winning short story, published by :es: Axxon

Italian science fiction writers
Italian male non-fiction writers
1962 births
Living people
Italian speculative fiction critics


The Old Kilmore Gaol is a bluestone building in Kilmore, Victoria. It was originally built as a gaol and is located at 8 to 12 Sutherland Street.

History
Old Kilmore Gaol was built in 1857 under the supervision of Charles Pasley. It was a gaol from 1859 until 1891 when it was decommissioned and used as a butter factory. In the 1960s it became a private home and was a restaurant in the 1990s before reverting again to a private home in 2004. Today, the gaol is used for commercial purposes. Its bluestone walls and exterior appearance are the only original features that have been retained.

Heritage significance
It appears on the Heritage Council of Victoria's Victorian Heritage Database, for being "one of a small group of early Victorian prisons to be built outside of Melbourne." and "for its long use as a centre of dairy production and distribution ... and for its contribution to Kilmore's rare group of Basalt public buildings." and is listed on the Register of the National Estate.

References

1859 establishments in Australia
1891 disestablishments
Maximum security prisons in Australia
Defunct prisons in Victoria (state)


The Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) (; Ulster-Scots: Tha By-Ordnar CE Dargs Convenerie) is a cross-border body in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland which co-ordinates projects funded by the European Union and implemented in Northern Ireland and adjacent regions: the Border region of the Republic of Ireland, and Western Scotland. The SEUPB is one of six cross-border bodies established after the 1998 Belfast Agreement, given statutory force by Section V of both the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 and the British-Irish Agreement Act, 1999 in the UK and Republic respectively.
SEUPB receives and disburses funds under two EU programs: Interreg IVA (€256 m) and Peace III (€333 m). It may also compete for Interreg IVB and IVC funds. It reports to the European Commission, the Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland.

Peace III
The EU Programme for Peace & Reconciliation in Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland, known as Peace III, aims to "reinforce progress towards a peaceful and stable society and promote reconciliation".

The previous programmes were Peace I (1995–1999) and Peace II (2000–2004).

PEACE PLUS
In July 2022, a new €1.1 billion / £1 billion "PEACE PLUS" programme was announced, to be administered by SEUPB, jointly funded by the UK and the EU, and with the Northern Ireland Executive and Irish Government providing matching funding.

Impact of Brexit
As part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and European Union have committed to continue the funding of the Special EU Programmes Body until at least 2023.

References

External links
 seupb.eu Official website

British–Irish Agreement implementation bodies
Organisations based in Belfast
United Kingdom and the European Union
Ireland and the European Union


The Battle of Stainmore was probably fought between the Earldom of Bernicia, led by Oswulf, and the forces of the last Norse king of Jórvík (York), Eric Bloodaxe. According to Frank Stenton, the battle resulted in Eric's being slain by Maccus, the son of Olaf, the dissolution of the Kingdom of Jórvík and the integration of its territories into those of Bamburgh as the Earldom of Northumbria.

References

Battles involving Northumbria
Battles involving the Vikings
Westmorland
950s conflicts
954
10th century in England


Heidi Neururer (born 5 January 1979) is a professional snowboarder from Austria. Her speciality is the Parallel (Giant) Slalom.

Career highlights

FIS World Snowboard Championships
2003 – Kreischberg, 15th at parallel giant slalom
2003 – Kreischberg, 19th at parallel slalom
2005 – Whistler,  2nd at parallel slalom
2007 – Arosa,  1st at parallel slalom
2007 – Arosa, 27th at parallel giant slalom
World Cup
2001 – Ischgl,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
2002 – Whistler,  3rd at parallel slalom
2002 – Stoneham,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
2003 – Arosa,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
2005 – Maribor,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
2005 – Sierra Nevada,  2nd at parallel slalom
2006 – Landgraaf,  3rd at parallel slalom
2006 – Bad Gastein (1),  3rd at parallel slalom
2006 – Bad Gastein (2),  2nd at parallel slalom
2007 – Nendaz,  2nd at parallel slalom
2007 – Bardonecchia,  2nd at parallel giant slalom
2007 – Shukolovo,  1st at parallel slalom
2007 – Landgraaf,  2nd at parallel slalom
2007 – Sölden,  2nd at parallel giant slalom
2007 – Limone Piemonte,  1st at parallel giant slalom
2007 – Nendaz,  2nd at parallel slalom
2007 – La Molina,  1st at parallel slalom
European Cup
2002 – Kranjska Gora,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
National Championships
2003 – Mariapfarr/Fanningsberg,  1st at parallel giant slalom
2003 – Mariapfarr/Fanningsberg,  3rd at parallel slalom
2004 – Bad Gastein,  1st at parallel giant slalom
2005 – Kreischberg,  3rd at parallel giant slalom
2007 – Haus im Ennstal,  3rd at parallel slalom

References

1979 births
Living people
Austrian female snowboarders