George Frederick Walsh (March 16, 1889 – June 13, 1981) was an American actor. An all-around athlete, who became an actor and later returned to sport, he enjoyed 40 years of fame and was a performer with dual appeal, with women loving his sexy charm and men appreciating his manly bravura.

Known variously as "the Laughing Athletic Thunderbolt", "the Apollo of the Silver Sheet", "the Screen's Greatest Athlete" and "the King of Smiles", Walsh's movie career stretched from the start of true US filmmaking to the Golden Era (22 years) during which time he was featured in approximately 80 productions. He was attached to such studios as Mutual, Chadwick, Triangle, Fox, Universal, Goldwyn, United Artists, and Paramount.

Beginnings
George Frederick Walsh was born in New York City to Elizabeth T. Bruff, the daughter of Irish Catholic immigrants, and Thomas W. Walsh, an Englishman. He was the middle child of three siblings. (His older brother was the prolific film director, Raoul Walsh.) At age 16, he was already accomplished at a variety of sports. While studying law, at Fordham and Georgetown Universities, his skill on the football field was such that he became a minor celebrity. He was also briefly with the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Career

Early career
While recuperating in California from an injury in late 1914, he entered motion pictures (thanks to Raoul) when he was engaged as an extra for D. W. Griffith’s epic The Birth of a Nation (1915). Various bit parts followed, until a small role in The Fencing Master (1915) proved he was capable. Griffith’s confidence in him was such that he included George in an important scene in his masterpiece, Intolerance (1916). While a cast member he met his first wife, the beautiful actress Seena Owen. They had one child together, a daughter named Patricia.

Fox
Walsh proved himself at Reliance/Majestic on the west coast and moved to the newly established Fox Film Corporation on the east coast, becoming a serious rival to Douglas Fairbanks there, as well as a national and international star. His output for the studio was characterized by daring stunts, fights, dramatic pursuits, and happy endings with his female co-stars. He also perfected his comedy timing and learned how to get laughs, though it was far from amusing when he quarreled with William Fox about his salary and departed towards the end of 1920. Two years of ups and downs followed which included Serenade (1921), alongside his sister-in-law, Miriam Cooper; varied personal appearances; vaudeville; an unpleasant divorce trial; and an 18-episode historical serial, entitled With Stanley in Africa (1922).

Goldwyn
A single-picture deal Vanity Fair (1923), at Goldwyn Pictures Corporation, led to a long contract and a quick shift from supporting characters to leads. He cemented his return to the big time with the role of Don Diego, opposite Mary Pickford, in Rosita (1923). (Global audiences saw "America’s Sweetheart" get her first grown-up kiss from Walsh in the Ernst Lubitsch-directed vehicle.) More spectacular still was the announcement that June Mathis had selected him to portray Judah Ben-Hur, in the planned picturization of the classic story of Ben-Hur, by Lew Wallace.

Ben-Hur
The word "fiasco" has been attached to Ben-Hur (1925). Early to mid-production was hampered by problems, on location in Italy and in Hollywood—particularly the sudden merger of Goldwyn with Metro, in spring of 1924, to form Metro-Goldwyn (soon afterwards Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer). Despite Mathis’ belief, a strong track record, and his physical suitability, George Walsh was unceremoniously cast aside (in favor of Ramon Novarro), as were June Mathis herself and the director, Charles Brabin. Following the devastating news—from co-star and friend Francis X. Bushman—George was soon on his way back to the United States. He would remain vexed that newly formed MGM did little to combat rumors he had not been up to standard.

After Ben-Hur
Despite the loss of the part of a lifetime, George Walsh's following enabled him to secure a deal with I. E. Chadwick's independent company (Lionel Barrymore's employer at the time). From 1925 to 1926 he was cast in a series of Fox-like entertainments, most of which were well-received and popular. However, broken promises prompted Walsh's departure for the lower profile, but industrious, Excellent Pictures Corporation. While there, he appeared in several economically produced silents, including The Kick-Off (1926), Broadway Drifter (1927), His Rise to Fame (1927), and Inspiration (1928).

Later career

It was not until 1932 that George Walsh appeared in a talkie, when his brother revived his career by casting him as a criminal in Me and My Gal (1932), with Spencer Tracy and Joan Bennett. The part of 'Duke' Castenega convinced himself and others there was life in him yet, and for the next four years he kept busy as a supporting actor and bit part player—a common fate for silent era performers in the age of sound. His retirement was triggered by the fact he was approaching fifty and was no longer in good shape.

After Hollywood
Following the conclusion of his acting career, Walsh returned to horse training and horse breeding, his occupation between silents and talkies. For a time, George trained his brother Raoul's stable of Thoroughbred racehorses.
 Their horse Sunset Trail competed in the 1937 Kentucky Derby, won by War Admiral, who went on to win the U.S. Triple Crown. Sunset Trail finished sixteenth in a field of twenty runners.

In the 1940s Walsh married for a second time, and enjoyed many years of happy retirement in California. The destruction/loss of two-thirds of his movies meant he could not be included in silent film compilations on TV in the 1960s/70s. Regardless, he was interviewed by historians and journalists who sought him out for actor profiles, Hollywood articles, and movie anecdotes.

Death

He died in Pomona, California of pneumonia at the age of 92. He is buried in San Gabriel Cemetery, Los Angeles.

Selected filmography

 The Birth of a Nation (1915) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 The Fencing Master (1915)
 A Bad Man and Others (1915)
 Don Quixote (1915)
 The Serpent (1916)
 Gold and the Woman (1916)
 Blue Blood and Red (1916)
 The Beast (1916)
 Intolerance (1916)
 The Island of Desire (1917)
 Melting Millions (1917)
 The Book Agent (1917)
 The Honor System (1917)
 The Pride of New York (1917)
 The Yankee Way (1917)
 Some Boy! (1917)
 Jack Spurlock, Prodigal (1918)
 On the Jump (1918)
 The Kid Is Clever (1918) - Himself / Kirk White
 Luck and Pluck (1919)
 Never Say Quit (1919)
 Help! Help! Police! (1919)
 Putting One Over (1919)
 The Winning Stroke (1919)
 The Shark (1920)
 A Manhattan Knight (1920)
 The Plunger (1920)
 The Dead Line (1920)
 Dynamite Allen (1921)
 With Stanley in Africa (1922)
 Vanity Fair (1923)
 Rosita (1923)
 Slave of Desire (1923)
 Reno (1923)
 The Miracle Makers (1923)
 Souls for Sale (1923) - Himself (uncredited)
 American Pluck (1925)
 Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film) (1925) (he recorded almost the entire film, but was replaced by Ramon Novarro)
 Blue Blood (1925)
 A Man of Quality (1926)
 The Prince of Broadway (1926)
 The Test of Donald Norton (1926)
 Striving for Fortune (1926)
 Back to Liberty (1927)
 The Broadway Drifter (1927)
 The Winning Oar (1927)
 His Rise to Fame  (1927)
 Combat (1927)
 Inspiration (1928)
 Me and My Gal (1932)
 Out of Singapore (1932)
 The Return of Casey Jones (1933)
 The Bowery (1933)
 Black Beauty (1933)
 Cleopatra (1934)
 The Live Wire (1936)

References

External links

1889 births
1981 deaths
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
American horse trainers
American racehorse owners and breeders
Deaths from pneumonia in California
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from New York City


Goonda is a 1984 Indian Telugu film directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. This film stars Chiranjeevi, Radha, Kaikala Satyanarayana, Rao Gopal Rao and Allu Ramalingiah.  The film was recorded as a "Hit" at the box office.

Plot
Ravi (Chiranjeevi) is the son of a sincere Police officer (Satyanarayana). Ravi accidentally hurts his neighbour's eyes and becomes responsible for his blindness. Fearing that his father would scold him, he runs away from home and is brought up by a don in Calcutta, who names him Kalidas. The don dies in an encounter and Kali is asked to leave the world of crime and become a good citizen. Kalidas changes his name to Raja and while traveling in a train, saves his father, later realising their relationship. Because of his criminal background he does not reveal that he is his son. Satyanarayana takes him to his house and introduces Raja to his family members. His father is to face the local goons headed by Rao Gopala Rao. In the meantime he meets Radha and came to realise that she is the daughter of the person who became blind because of him. Raja helps her in having her father's eyesight returned and wins her heart. How he wins the hearts of his family members and helps his father in catching the local goondas is the rest of the story.

Cast
 Chiranjeevi as Kalidas/Raja/Ravi
 Radha as Jayanti aka Jaya
 Kaikala Satyanarayana as S.P. Ananda Rao
 Rao Gopal Rao as Dharmaraju
 Allu Ramalingiah as Kailasam
 Nutan Prasad
 Rajeev as Kasiram
 Annapoorna as Sarada
Silk Smitha as Mohini
Ramadas as Bhupal
Chakrapani as Sekhar
Suthi Velu
Suthi Veerabhadra Rao

Soundtrack

References

External links

1984 films
1984 action films
Films directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy
Films scored by K. Chakravarthy
1980s Telugu-language films
Indian action films


Martin Cooper (born ) was an  international rugby union player who won 11 caps between 1973 and 1977. A versatile player, he played International rugby at flyhalf and centre and first class rugby at full back and wing where he scored a try against the All Blacks at Moseley for the Midlands Counties West when they defeated them. His only international try was scored against Ireland at Lansdowne Road, the only score in a 4-0 victory.

Martin Cooper began his career at Wolverhampton before moving to Moseley. He soon was called up to the England squad and won his first cap in 1973. In the same year he played for England against New Zealand in Auckland, 16-10, the first home country national side to beat them in NZ. Martin Johnsons side was the second.

He later captained Moseley for three years including a John Player Cup against Leicester. His last game was in another John Player Final (shared with Gloucester) in 1982. He retired that year.

Cooper is an Independent Financial Adviser with his own company, based in Worcester.

Notes

1948 births
Living people
England international rugby union players
English rugby union players
Moseley Rugby Football Club players
Rugby union fly-halves


Ilderton is a small village in Northumberland, England. It is located on the edge of the Northumberland National Park, between Lilburn, Northumberland in the east and Hedgehope Hill in the west.

The place-name 'Ilderton' is first attested in Charter Rolls of circa 1125 as Ildretona, and as Hildreton during the reign of Henry II. The name means 'elder town or settlement', the word 'elder' referring to the tree of that name.

Landmarks
The parish church of St Michael retains a thirteenth-century tower. In the churchyard at its western edge is the stone-built Roddam Mausoleum, which is tunnel-vaulted inside. Dating from 1795, it contains the tomb of Admiral Robert Roddam.

The area is noted for its large number of earthworks and remains of prehistoric settlements, for example the stone circle in Threestoneburn Wood to the west.

References

External links

GENUKI (Accessed: 19 November 2008)

Villages in Northumberland


Gianpaolo Mondini (born 15 July 1972 in Faenza) is an Italian former road bicycle racer. He won the 18th stage in the 1999 Tour de France and the 2003 Italian National Time Trial Championship.

Doping
In 2002 Mondini was sacked from US Postal after police found EPO and growth hormones in his hotel room during 2001 Giro d'Italia. He admitted using illegal substances.

Major results

1996
 1st Stage 7 Tour de Pologne
 2nd Overall Hofbrau Cup
1997
 1st  Overall Tour of Sweden
1st Stage 1
 1st Stage 5 Circuit de Lorraine
 10th Giro dell'Emilia
1998
 1st GP Industria Artigianato e Commercio Carnaghese
 3rd Giro d'Oro
1999
 1st Stage 18 Tour de France
 1st Stage 1 Tour de Pologne
 1st Stage 5 Tour of Japan
 8th LuK Challenge
2000
 1st Omloop van de Vlaamse Scheldeboorden
 8th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
2003
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 9th Firenze–Pistoia

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

See also
 List of doping cases in cycling

References

External links

Results at Tour de France for Gianpaolo Mondini

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Faenza
Italian male cyclists
Italian Tour de France stage winners
Doping cases in cycling
Cyclists from Emilia-Romagna


Will Eisenmann (3 March 1906, in Stuttgart – 20 August 1992, in Canton of Lucerne) was a German-Swiss composer. His opera Der König der dunklen Kammer, based on a work by Rabindranath Tagore, won the Emil Hertzka Prize.

Selected works
Stage
 Der König der dunklen Kammer, Opera in 13 Scenes, op. 12 (1934–1935); words by Rabindranath Tagore
 Bethsabé, Drama-Pantomime-Oratorio in 3 scenes for tenor, baritone, speaking voices, actors, pantomimists and orchestra, op. 17 (1936); libretto by André Gide
 Leonce und Lena, Lyric Comedy in 3 acts for 7 soloists, 5 speaking parts and a large orchestra, op. 36 (1943–1945); libretto by Georg Büchner

Orchestral
 Die Stadt for string orchestra, op. 7 (1932–1933)
 Primavera española, op. 10 (1934)
 Die gläserne Wand (Davoser Impressionen) for small orchestra, op. 11 (1934)
 Musique en forme de spirale for small orchestra, op. 18 (1937)
 Trauermusik (Epitaphe pour Maurice Ravel), op. 21 (1938)
 Sieben Bilder nach Vincent van Gogh, op. 22 (1938)
 Symphony for string orchestra, op. 42 (1947)
 Musica concertante, op. 96 (1977–1978)

Concertante
 Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra, op. 24 (1938)
 Concerto da camera for alto saxophone and string orchestra, op. 38 (1945)
 Concerto for soprano and alto saxophones and string orchestra, op. 69 (1962)
 Konfrontationen for flute and orchestra, op. 85 (1972)

Chamber music
 Concertino for violin (or flute) and piano, op. 8 (1933)
 Quartetto mistico, String Quartet No. 1, op. 23 (1938)
 Kleine Ballade / Nevermore for alto saxophone and piano (or organ), op. 28 (1940)
 Duo concertante for alto saxophone and piano, op. 33 (1941, 1957)
 Trio pastorale for violin, viola and cello, op. 37 (1942)
 Ballade No. 1 for flute and piano, op. 53 (1952)
 Concertino for cello and piano, op. 54 (1953)
 Divertimento for 2 clarinets and bassoon, op. 55 (1954–1955)
 Musik for viola and piano, op. 60 (1957)
 Musik für Flöte und drei Streicher for flute, violin, viola and cello, op. 61 (1959)
 Lamentatio. In memoriam Clara Haskil for flute, violin and piano, op. 65 (1960)
 Movements for alto saxophone and piano, op. 68 (1961)
 Ballade No. 2 for flute and piano, op. 74 (1964)
 Duo for flute and harp, op. 79 (1970)
 Meditationen for flute and organ, op. 88 (1975)
 Capriccio for tenor saxophone and piano, op. 92 (1977)
 Mouvements concertants for trumpet and organ, op. 95 (1977)
 Improvisation I for flute solo, op. 94 (1977)
 Improvisation II for flute solo, op. 107 (1977)
 Divertissement for 2 violins, op. 98 (1978)
 Quartetto brevis for string quartet, op. 99 (1978)
 Evocation for flute and organ, op. 100 (1980)
 Spiel zu dritt for flute, oboe and bassoon, op. 105 (1983)
 Impression for clarinet solo, op. 108 (1984)
 Metamòrfosi for oboe solo, op. 109 (1985)

Organ
 Fantasie I, op. 45 (1948)
 Fantasie II, op. 77 (1966)
 Toccata, op. 90 (1976)
 Reflessioni, op. 93 (1977)
 Praeludium, op. 97 (1978)
 Fantasie III, op. 106 (1983)

Piano
 Kleine Suite, op. 6 (1932)
 Nocturne, op. 15 (1935)
 Suite der Gegensätze, op. 51 (1949–1951)
 6 Etüden, op. 57 (1954–1960)
 Konstellationen, op. 66 (1960)
 Varianten, op. 71 (1962)
 Kleine Klavierstücke, op. 78 (1954–1974)
 Trois Images, op. 80 (1970)
 Trois Esquisses, op. 82 (1971)

Vocal
 Drei Gesänge aus Seraphine for high voice and small orchestra, op. 16 (1936); words by Heinrich Heine
 Es Wiegeliedli for voice and piano, op. 30 (1940)
 Hesse-Lieder for voice and piano, op. 32 (1936–1940); words by Hermann Hesse
 Rubaiyat, 2 Song Cycles for voice and piano, op. 35 (1939–1943); words by Omar Khayyám
 Gesänge im Zwielicht for voice and piano, op. 39 (1945); words by Rainer Maria Rilke and Anette Brun
 under der linden for voice and piano, op. 44 (1948); words by Walther von der Vogelweide
 Alkestis, Dramatic Scene for high voice and large orchestra, op. 46 (1948–1949); words by Rainer Maria Rilke
 Marienlegende for high voice, viola and piano, op. 50 (1950); words by Klabund
 Der Teppich des Lebens for voice and piano, op. 52 (1951); words by Stefan George
 Sänge eines fahrenden Spielmanns for alto, viola and piano, op. 56 (1954); words by Stefan George
 Gesänge des Abschieds for voice and piano, op. 58 (1955); words by Georg Heym
 Sechs Gesänge nach Gedichten von Urs Oberlin for medium voice and piano, op. 59 (1956); words by Urs Oberlin
 Acht Gesänge nach Gedichten von Astrid Claes for alto and piano, op. 62 (1959–1960); words by Astrid Claes
 Haiku I. Melodien nach japanischen Dreizeilern for high voice and piano, op. 64 (1960)
 Legende von der Entstehung des Buches Taoteking for medium voice and piano, op. 70 (1962); words by Bertolt Brecht
 Der blinde Passagier for voice and piano, op. 75 (1964)
 Haiku II. Melodien nach japanischen Dreizeilern for high voice and piano, op. 83 (1971)
 Haiku III. Melodien nach heiter-ironischen japanischen Dreizeilern for medium voice, oboe and piano, op. 86 (1973)
 Gesänge zur Nacht for alto and organ, op. 91 (1976); words by Georg Trakl
 Gesänge nach Worten von Linus David for medium voice and piano (or organ), op. 102 (1981); words by Linus David

Choral
 Mallorca-Suite for mixed choir, op. 13 (1936)
 Die Klage Hiobs for baritone, mixed choir, children's choir and large orchestra, op. 49 (1950)
 Threnoi 4 Madrigals for vocal ensemble, op. 67 (1961)
 Aus canto 81 (Pisaner Gesänge) for six-part mixed choir, op. 73 (1963);; words by Ezra Pound
 Der heilige Martin von Tours, Motets for vocal ensemble or four-part mixed choir, op. 89 (1975); words by the composer

External links
Will Eisenmann website
List of works at Musinfo, Database of Swiss Music

1906 births
1992 deaths
Swiss classical composers
Musicians from Stuttgart
German opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century classical composers
German male classical composers
20th-century German composers
20th-century German male musicians
German emigrants to Switzerland
20th-century Swiss composers


Vernon Glass (October 14, 1928 – December 3, 2005) was an American football coach. He served as head football coach at Lamar University from 1963 to 1975, compiling a record of 63–68–1.

Glass was a standout quarterback in Corpus Christi, Texas, and played in the 1947 Oil Bowl alongside Hayden Fry. He chose to attend Rice University, where he was a three-year letter-winner in both football and baseball. He captained the 1950 football team and the 1951 baseball team. He keyed Rice's drive to the 1949 Southwest Conference crown, including a 17–15 win over Texas in a showdown in Austin, Texas. Rice also won the 1950 Cotton Bowl Classic against the University of North Carolina, which was led by Charlie Justice, also known as "Choo Choo".

Before joining the coaching profession, Glass spent two years in the United States Air Force, leading Carswell Air Force Base to the 1952 national service championship. He also played one year of professional baseball at Corpus Christi in 1953. Glass started his coaching career at Del Mar College, a junior college in Corpus Christi. After three seasons as assistant, he spent one year as head coach, guiding the Vikings to a 9–0 record before falling in the Junior Rose Bowl. Glass then left Del Mar to serve as an assistant coach under John Bridgers at Baylor University from 1960 to 1962.

Lamar
In 1963, he became head coach at Lamar State College of Technology—now known as Lamar University—in Beaumont, Texas, guiding the Cardinals to 6–3–1 record and the Southland Conference (SLC) title in just his second year. Lamar was invited to the Pecan Bowl, where they lost 19–17 to the State College of Iowa. Glass also helped Lamar win SLC titles in 1965 and 1966, which gave the Cardinals three straight conference championships. The other SLC title came in 1971. His best season at Lamar was in 1974 when the Cardinals posted an 8–2 record. He was named SLC Coach of the Year in 1970 and 1974. In addition, Glass was named NCAA College Division Coach of the Year in 1964 and 1965 and was recognized by the Texas Sports Writers Association at Junior College Coach of the Year in 1959.

In September 2009, Bart Simmons, a Lamar University alumnus, donated $200,000 to create a football practice facility, the "Coach Vernon Glass Field of Champions".

Head coaching record

College

References

External links

1928 births
2005 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Baylor Bears football coaches
Lamar Cardinals football coaches
Rice Owls football players
Junior college football coaches in the United States
People from Cass County, Texas
Players of American football from Corpus Christi, Texas


Radnor-Winston is a small community centered near the intersection of York Road and Winston Ave in the North District of Baltimore. Radnor Winston is a friendly, affordable and diverse neighborhood of about 220 homes tucked behind the campuses of Loyola University and The College of Notre Dame. Located in the Roland Park Public School district, the neighborhood is convenient to both downtown Baltimore and Towson.

The housing stock includes a variety of detached and semi-detached homes dating from the turn of the 20th century through the early 1950s, primarily bungalows, cottages and American Foursquares.

The neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

The Radnor-Winston Improvement Association is a volunteer organization, formed in 1958, with a long history of activism on local issues of concern.

See also
List of Baltimore neighborhoods

References

External links
, including photo from 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust, and accompanying map
Neighborhood association homepage

Neighborhoods in Baltimore
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore
Northern Baltimore


Alexander Pulalo (born 8 May 1973) is a retired Indonesian professional footballer who played as a full-back.

Honours

Club
PSM Makassar
 Liga Indonesia: 1999–2000

Arema Malang
 Copa Indonesia: 2005, 2006

International
Indonesia
 AFF Championship third place: 1998

External links

1973 births
Living people
Papuan people
Footballers from Jayapura
Indonesian men's footballers
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
Indonesian Christians
Indonesia men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Indonesian Premier Division players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Semen Padang F.C. players
Madura United F.C. players
PSM Makassar players
PSIS Semarang players
Persija Jakarta players
Persib Bandung players
Arema F.C. players
PS Mitra Kukar players


Murray Klein (March 25, 1923 – December 6, 2007) was a Jewish American entrepreneur who helped transform New York City's famous Zabar's speciality food emporium from a small Jewish delicatessen based on Manhattan's Upper West Side into one of the city's premier culinary destinations. Klein was a part owner of Zabar's for more than 30 years before his retirement in 1994.  Though not a member of the Zabar's family, Klein is credited with making many of the decisions concerning publicity, product pricing and speciality merchandise.

Early life
Klein, whose birthname was Mordecai Klein, was born in 1923 in a shtetl in southwest Ukraine, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union, near the border with Romania.  Klein was away at a trade school at the time of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. His parents and five siblings, were captured and killed in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

Klein was later sent to a Soviet labour camp, or gulag, by his own country for part of the war.  He managed to escape the camp and joined the Irgun, which was a Jewish guerrilla movement active in the Middle East. He helped smuggle arms to the part of Palestine which later became known as Israel during his time as a member of Irgun.

Klein was captured and held as a political prisoner in Italy.  He was released following a hunger strike and settled in a displaced persons camp at the Cinecittà film studios in Rome in 1945.  He set up a successful bread business while living at the camp. Klein remained at the camp at Cinecittà for five years before emigrating to New York City in 1950.

Zabar's
Murray Klein was first hired by Zabar's as a stock clerk and floor sweeper in 1953. The business had been founded by Louis Zabar, whose family was also Ukrainian Jewish, during the 1930s.

Klein had an unpredictable relationship with the Zabar family during the 1950s. He quit Zabar's on several occasions during those early years at the store, which even led to litigation. However, Klein returned to Zabar's in 1960, this time in a full partnership with the Zabar family. Zabar's, which had been a chain of stores, had been reduced to the single flagship store at West 80th Street and Broadway on the Upper West Side by this time.

Klein, who was in charge of pricing and speciality products, oversaw much of the recovery and expansion of Zabar's over the next couple of decades.  He continued to sell Zabar's famous lines of Eastern European and Jewish specialities, such as pastrami, lox, bagels and smoked fish to appeal to Zabar's core and most loyal Jewish clientele. However, Klein also actively broadened Zabar's product offerings to appeal to Manhattanites who were increasingly looking for more sophisticated foods as part of the so-called "food revolution".

Klein often initially sold these new gourmet foods, such as white truffles, at a loss in order to attract new customers. This was, perhaps, one of the first major instances that the concept of loss leader was introduced into the gourmet food market.

Klein also began selling housewares, such as food processors, at Zabar's, which were often priced well below the average market rate In another instance, Klein began hanging kitchen utensils and other food instruments, from the store's ceiling, all of which Zabar's offered for sale.

Perhaps most importantly, however, Zabar's, under Klein's guidance and introduction, became one of the first stores in the industry to begin selling high quality, luxury foods, such as coffee, preserves and French cheese, under Zabar's own private store brand labels. These products were priced much more cheaply under the Zabar's brand name than could be found at other competing stores. Klein would look to buy luxury products directly from the producer in large volumes, and thus was able to sell more cheaply at Zabar's. In doing so, luxury products that were previously financially inaccessible to most consumers were suddenly affordable. In turn, customers were more likely to engage in more impulse buying while visiting Zabar's. Klein's ideas for selling luxury products cheaply led the way for the rest of the industry. Today, stores such as Trader Joe's, Wegmans and even Whole Foods Markets, employ Klein's same ideas to market and sell their own store brand, luxury products.

By the mid-1970s Zabar's had gained not only fame within New York City, but had also developed a national following, with much of the credit for Zabar's popularity and success going to Klein.

"Caviar Wars": Zabar's vs. Macy's
Klein was notoriously competitive when it came to selection and pricing, going so far as to posting caricatures of his main competitors in Zabar's store windows. Perhaps his most famous price and public relations dispute occurred in the months leading to Christmas 1983 between Klein and Macy's Department Store concerning the price of several high end items sold by both stores. The dispute initially began over the price of Pommery mustard, and then extended to Lindt & Sprüngli chocolate bars, before Klein and Macy's began battling each other over the cost of Beluga caviar as the holiday season crept closer. The ensuing price battle was dubbed the "Beluga caviar war" by the New York City media. Macy's initially went after Zabar's by placing a 14-ounce box of Beluga caviar on sale for US$149. Klein quickly, and happily, lowered Zabar's own price of the Beluga roe in order to undercut Macy's sales, which forced Macy's to lower its own cost to US$129, which was considered a bargain in the caviar market. Not to be outdone, Klein again lowered the Beluga price to just US$119 for a 14oz box and sold the product at a loss rather than lose to Macy's. He correctly anticipated that the ensuing positive publicity and public relations for Zabar's over the dispute would more than make up for the negative loss of selling the caviar for such a low price. Thus Klein was able to beat Macy's in terms of sales and public relations.

Klein clearly enjoyed the dispute with Macy's, especially its free publicity for Zabar's.  He told the New York Times at the time of 1983 price battle, "Blood will run in the streets."

Retirement
Murray Klein officially retired from Zabar's in 1994, reportedly as a millionaire. At the time of his retirement, Zabar's was making over $40 million in sales per year. Still, there was a dispute between Klein and Saul and Stanley Zabar over the financial terms of Klein's retirement, which even led to one lawsuit, before the conflict was ended. Klein and the Zabar brothers, Saul and Stanley, had worked closely at Zabar's for decades, though the relationship between the partners (Klein and the Zabars) could be complicated and confrontational at times.

Death
Klein died in Manhattan of lung cancer on December 6, 2007, at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife, Edith and his son Dr. Roger Klein, and daughter Deborah Himmelfarb and six grandchildren.

Despite their sometimes turbulent relationship, Stanley Zabar praised Klein saying, "What Murray brought was the conviction that the whole world must know about Zabar’s."

References

External links
Zabar's
Murray Klein, Who Helped Build Zabar’s Into Food Destination, Dies at 84 , obituary in the New York Times
Murray Klein, Manhattan deli owner who gave Americans a taste for quality foods, obituary in The Times (London)

1923 births
2007 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
American businesspeople in retailing
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20th-century American Jews
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Place of birth missing
20th-century American businesspeople
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The Brussels Parliament building (, ) is a neoclassical building located on the / in Brussels, Belgium, housing the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. It largely dates from the early 20th century, although some wings date back to the 17th century and certain later renovations.

Architecture

The hemicycle is on the top floor of the building, with the roof being of modern zinc and glass design. The chamber is encircled by a long curved wooden wall and there is an overhanging press and public gallery. Committee rooms have likewise been updated with modern technology but much of the building remains neoclassical. There is also a cafeteria and reading room for deputies. The four rear wings have administrative functions, including housing the President's offices. There is also  of hanging gardens extending to heights of up to .

History
Towards the end of the 17th century, the site housed the vast mansion of the Maes family on /, which was destroyed in 1695 during the bombardment of Brussels in the War of the Grand Alliance. The remains of the mansion and its lands were bought by the Count of Limminghe, Charles van den Berghe, who held numerous posts of administration in Brussels, being twice the city's burgomaster (later mayor). A year later, in 1696, he built another large, prestigious two-story mansion at the end of an enclosed courtyard with a garden (entered via Saint-Jean/Sint-Jan), which was then sold on to various figures such as Apostolic Nuncio and the then-ambassador to England.

The building was acquired by the state for the first time in 1823 when the Brabant Province and the Dutch State bought it to house the Brabant government and act as the official residence of the local governor. This situation continued after Belgian Independence in 1830. Due to development of the provincial government, however, the building became too small and dilapidated by the end of the 1860s, hence there were successive waves of reconstruction, albeit with a planned design for consistency. The governors residence began to be modified in 1885, and in 1907, the office wing was replaced. Georges Hano, the Ministry of Public Works' then-architect, built a higher wing with direct access to the Rue de Chêne. The different buildings were also interlinked and the facades overlooking the courtyard were unified. The governors' residence was increased one story on the side facing the courtyard and the height was also increased on the building surmounting the porch reconstructed by Hansotte. The new / was opened up by the city at the start of the 20th century and Hano desired to make the presence of the provincial government felt on this new road which his complex now bordered. In 1913, works began on a new building, completed in 1930, in a neo-Louis XVI style with a ceremonial entrance hall and lavish decoration.

In 1995, Brussels was split from Brabant and given its own regional government. The Federal Government gave the building to the Brussels-Capital Region, which in turn gave it to the Brussels Regional Parliament, which was searching for a seat. However, it became apparent that the buildings were unsuited for the role of a parliament, leading to the opening of an architectural competition later that year. The resulting changes made included increasing the height of the wing overlooking the Rue du Lombard in order to erect a new hemicycle on the top floor. This added a large modern roof element to the neoclassical design of the building. Committee rooms were given modern equipment and state rooms were restored. Despite the building's renovation, the original dimensions have been retained. A multipurpose hall was also built beneath a hanging garden to create a link between the building's different sections.

Art
Since being taken over by the Brussels Region, the building has hosted various modern works of art maintained by a commission who purchase the works for the Parliament. The Commission is composed of members of the Parliament Office together with eight external observers from the art world. In 1998, this commission entrusted 11 artists to create works for areas of the building;
 Yasmina Assbane for the floral kerchiefs
 Rudi Bogaerts for the artistic area dedicated to the memory of famous personalities
 Patrick Corillon for the "Three stories of Oskar Serti".
 Paul Day for terracotta high-reliefs
 Wim Delvoye for the "Love letter from Mohammed to Caroline"
 Gilbert Fastenakens for the photos transferred to canvas
 Joseph Kosuth for the illuminated frieze
 Guy Leclercq for the re-mounted canvasses
 Michel Mouffe for a set of mirrors and illuminated blocks
 Richard Venlet for the drawings of the electrical installations
 Julien Willem for the Brussels portrait gallery

See also

 Belgian Federal Parliament (federal assembly - upper and lower houses)
 Flemish Parliament (regional and community assembly)
 Walloon Parliament (regional assembly)
 Parliament of the French Speaking Community (community assembly)
 Parliament of the German Speaking Community (community assembly)
  (COCOF)
 Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie (VGC)

References

Notes

Houses completed in 1696
Office buildings completed in 1907
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
Buildings and structures in Brussels
Legislative buildings in Europe
Tourist attractions in Brussels
City of Brussels
1696 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire


Annesley Junior School, formerly known as Methodist Ladies' College and Annesley College, is an independent day school for girls and boys from two years old to year 6. It is located in Wayville, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It has a co-educational early learning centre for children between the ages of two and five, and a primary school for reception to year 6. It is affiliated with the Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, and the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA).

Founded as Methodist Ladies' College in 1902 and later changing its name to Annesley College, it used to be a girls' school catering for students from Reception to Year 12. Annesley has been an International Baccalaureate World School since December 2005.

Campus and curriculum
Annesley Junior School is located on a single campus in Wayville, opposite the Adelaide Parklands, 500 metres from the Adelaide CBD. Notable facilities include the historic 'Gillingham Hall' seating the whole school and a Chapel.

Annesley Junior School's academic programs include the Primary Years Program of the International Baccalaureate (IBPYP).

Intakes to the Early Learning Centre and Reception are in January and July. Older children are able to enter throughout the year subject to places being available.

History

Annesley Junior School was founded in 1902 as Methodist Ladies' College (MLC), at the site of the former Malvern Grammar School, with 26 students enrolled. In 1903, the school was moved to the site of the former Way College for boys on Park Terrace (now Greenhill Road) at Wayville.

In 1977, a Union of the Congregational, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches took place, forming the Uniting Church in Australia. MLC subsequently took the name Annesley College, the maiden name of Susanna Wesley, the mother of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church.

2010–2012: Merger talks, council resignation, transition to Junior School
In October 2010 Annesley College considered merging with another school due to declining enrolments over the previous seven years.  The Uniting Church stated it would guarantee the continuity of the school for the following two years and that no merger would proceed.
The school appointed former Melbourne Girls Grammar School principal Christine Briggs as its new principal  but she withdrew from the appointment days later.

In the face of growing uncertainty the school said it was seeking formal discussion with Pulteney Grammar School regarding a merger,
but the Uniting Church shortly thereafter withdrew in favour of "the co-operation of another Uniting Church School". It subsequently stated that Scotch College would take over its management.
The existing school council resigned, stating that amalgamation would have provided a better outcome.

By January 2011, 108 students remained enrolled, down from 466 students mid-2010,  and by June 2011 the school announced it would relaunch in 2012 as the Annesley Learning Community, offering a school for boys and girls from Reception to Year 6 (from 2012) and a women's college for Years 10 to 12 (from 2013), with a commensurate drop in staff numbers from 29 to 13.
Year 10 to 12 tuition was not sustained and the college was renamed Annesley Junior School. In August 2012 there were 100 students enrolled.

Notable alumnae
Annesley has an Old Scholars Association which began in 1905 as the MLC Guild. The first meetings were literary and music evenings with girls writing essays for discussion. Some notable Annesley/MLC Old Scholars include:

Simone Annan – R&B singer with a degree in biomedical science.
Roxy Byrne (née Sims) – actress and hockey player (Head Prefect, Dux and Captain of Hockey; Class of 1929)
Mary Campbell (Mollie) Dawbarn (1902–1982) – biochemist and nutritional physiologist
Sara Douglass – author
Phyllis Duguid  (1904–1993) née Lade – English teacher and Aboriginal rights and women's activist
Amy Gillett – rower and cyclist
Sally Newmarch – Olympic rower
Jesse Scales – dancer
 Jessica Trengove – Australian representative to the 2012 and 2016 Olympics in Athletics
Sesca Ross Zelling, OBE, LLB (1918–2001) – lawyer, vice-president of the NCW of Australia (1954–1957)

See also
List of schools in South Australia

References

External links
Annesley Junior School website

Private primary schools in Adelaide
Educational institutions established in 1902
Junior School Heads Association of Australia Member Schools
International Baccalaureate schools in Australia
Former Methodist schools in Australia
Uniting Church schools in Australia
1902 establishments in Australia


Events from the year 1757 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Monarch: George II

Events
 Catholic Committee, to press for repeal of the penal laws against Roman Catholics, is established by Charles O'Conor, John Curry and Mr. Wyse of Waterford. O'Conor publishes The Protestant Interest of Ireland Considered.
 The Wide Streets Commission (officially the Commissioners for making Wide and Convenient Ways, Streets and Passages) is established by Act of Parliament at the request of Dublin Corporation to govern standards on the layout of streets, bridges, buildings and other architectural considerations, influential in the creation of Georgian Dublin.
 September 26 – St Patrick's Hospital for Imbeciles, Dublin, established under the will of Jonathan Swift, accepts its first patients
 December 8 – the Rotunda Hospital opens in Dublin.
 December 31 – the title of Viscount Ligonier of Enniskillen is created in the Peerage of Ireland in favour of Field Marshal John Ligonier.
 Kilbeggan Distillery established.

Births
15 May – John Hely-Hutchinson, 2nd Earl of Donoughmore, soldier and politician (died 1832)
17 March – Alexander Knox, theological writer (died 1831)
Approximate date – Jonah Barrington, judge and memoirist (died 1834 in France)

Deaths
10 June – Henry Temple, 1st Viscount Palmerston, politician (born c.1673)
16 July – Chichester Fortescue, politician (born 1718)
3 November – Lieutenant colonel George Monro, army officer (born 1700)
Sampson Towgood Roch, miniature painter (died 1847)
William Saurin, lawyer and politician (died 1839)

References

Years of the 18th century in Ireland
Ireland
1750s in Ireland


The Cimarons are a British reggae band formed in 1967. They were the UK's first self-contained indigenous reggae band.

History
Jamaican natives, the Cimarons migrated to Britain in 1967 with a lineup consisting of Franklyn Dunn (bass), Carl Levy (keyboards), Locksley Gichie (guitar), and Maurice Ellis (drums); vocalist, Winston Reid (better known as Winston Reedy) joined in London. They were primarily session musicians in Jamaica, and backed many artists, including Jimmy Cliff. They performed at the Edinburgh Reggae Festival in 1973, where they also backed Nicky Thomas's performance of "Is It Because I'm Black".

Their first LP In Time, on Trojan Records in 1974 featured a rendition of the O'Jays' "Ship Ahoy", "Utopian Feeling", "Over the Rainbow," and "My Blue Heaven". Vulcan Records released On the Rock two years later.

They switched to Polydor Records, releasing Live at the Roundhouse in 1978. Polydor released Maka the same year. During this period they did a major British tour supporting Sham 69.Three more albums followed: Freedom Street, Reggaebility and On the Rock Part 2. After the last of these, in 1983, they didn't surface again until 1995 when Lagoon Records released People Say and Reggae Time, both compilations of earlier albums, followed by The Best of the Cimarons, released in 1999 on Culture Press.

Reedy and Dunn continue to perform as The Cimarons.

Discography

Albums
In Time (1974) Trojan
On the Rock (1976) Vulcan
Maka (1978) Polydor
Live (1978) Polydor
Freedom Street (1980) Virgin
Reggaebility (1982) Hallmark
On De Rock Part 2 (1983) Butt (recorded 1976)

Compilations
People Say (1991) Lagoon (recorded 1974-76)
Reggae Time Lagoon
The Best of the Cimarons (1992) Culture Press
Maroon Land (2001) Rhino
Reggae Best (2004) Culture Press
Reggae Masters (2007) Creon

Singles
"Funky Fight" (1970) Big Shot
"Oh Mammy Blue" (1971) Downtown
"Holy Christmas" (1971) Downtown
"Struggling Man" (1972) Horse (split 7-inch with The Prophets)
"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron" (1973) Mooncrest (as Hotshots) UK #4
"Talking Blues" (#1 in Jamaica)
"Check Out Yourself" Trojan
"You Can Get It If You Really Want" (1974) Trojan
"Dim the Light" (1976) Trojan
"Over the Rainbow" Trojan
"Harder Than the Rock" (1978) Polydor
"Mother Earth" (1978) Polydor
"Willin' (Rock Against Racism)"/"Truly" (1978) Polydor
"Ready for Love" (1981) Charisma
"With a Little Luck" (1982) IMP
"Big Girls Don't Cry" (1982) Safari
"How Can I Prove Myself to You" (1982)
"Be My Guest Tonight" (1995)
"Time Passage" Fontana

The Cimarons also backed several singers on Trojan singles, often credited on the B-side with an instrumental version of the A-side.

References

Musical groups from London
British reggae musical groups
Trojan Records artists


"Touch My Body" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released as the lead single from her eleventh studio album, E=MC² (2008), on February 12, 2008, by Island Records. Carey co-produced the song with Tricky Stewart, and they co-wrote it with Crystal "Cri$tyle" Johnson and Terius "The-Dream" Nash. The song's lyrics feature a double message, with the first describing sexual fantasies with her lover, while also jokingly warning him against recording or releasing information regarding their rendezvous.

The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, with many highlighting the song's light pop melody and hook; however, it also garnered some backlash from certain music reviewers, who felt the song did not properly represent the singer's acclaimed 5-octave vocal range. "Touch My Body" became Carey's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100, making Carey the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart, tying Presley for most weeks at number one. Outside the US, the song also achieved high charting, reaching the top-five in Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Carey performed "Touch My Body" on several live televised events and programs, debuting it on Saturday Night Live as a two-piece performance. Similarly, Carey opened the Good Morning America "Summer Concert Series" on April 25, 2008, singing the song, as well as two other singles from E=MC². Similar renditions took place at the season premiere party of The Hills, as well as a mash-up of the song with "I'll Be Lovin' U Long Time" at the Teen Choice Awards. Aside from reprising performances of the British programs The Sunday Night Project and The Paul O'Grady Show, and German talent show Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the song was included on the set-list of Carey's North American Angels Advocate Tour, held throughout 2009 and 2010.

The song's music video was directed by filmmaker Brett Ratner, who had previously worked with Carey on five other music videos. It follows a story revolving around a computer employee's fantasy as he visits Carey's home. As he fixes her computer, he enters a fantasy in which the pair perform several activities together, including pillow fights, laser tag, Guitar Hero, slot cars, and frisbee throwing, all while Carey shows off her figure in several revealing outfits. The music video won in the category of "Best Comedic Video" at the 2008 BET Awards, and won the "MTV Video Vanguard Award" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. Additionally, the video was nominated for "Best Female Video" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards.

Background and release
Carey achieved critical and commercial success with her tenth studio album, The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). and the second best-seller around the world, It earned a myriad of music industry awards, and brought Carey back to the top of pop music following her decline in 2001. After completing The Adventures of Mimi Tour, Carey began working on material for her eleventh studio effort, the yet untitled E=MC² (2008). E=MC² was hailed as one of the most anticipated albums of 2008, with many critics weighing their opinions on whether Carey would be able to deliver significant success, following her achievements with The Emancipation of Mimi. "Touch My Body" was eventually chosen as the lead single through a vote in between the record executives at Island Records, with the final choices being the former and "I'm That Chick" (titled "I'm That Chick You Like" at that point). After choosing the former, the song was sent to radio stations worldwide on February 12, 2008 and to digital outlets on March 24, 2008.

Composition

"Touch My Body" is a mid-tempo song, which draws influence from R&B and pop music genres. The song's hook is built around a piano melody and "circular keyboard line", and features "a stuttering mid-tempo beat that's accented by finger snaps and electronic synthesizers" as its instrumentation. Sarah Rodman of The Boston Globe described it as a "standard-issue mid-tempo jam", while The New York Suns Jayanthi Daniel wrote "It's a smooth, mid-tempo song with a swaying, melodic beat, and serves as a simple and mellow introduction to the material." Writing for The Guardian, Alex Macpherson felt the song was very "girly", and expressed how the "cushioned" track incorporates "all tactile bass bumps and tinkling music box motifs" into its production. Written by Mariah Carey, The-Dream, Tricky Stewart and Cristyle, the song drew comparisons to several musical arrangements featured throughout "We Belong Together". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, "Touch My Body" is set in common time with a tempo of 78.5 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of B minor, with Carey's vocal range spanning from the low-note of F3 to the belting range of E5. and the high-note of B5. The song follows in the chord progression of Em–A–Bm–A–Bm.

Lyrically, the song describes the protagonist revealing several bedroom fantasies in which she would like to engage, asking her lover playfully to "touch her body". Though the song features sexually oriented lyrics, critics deemed that the melody and playful tone of the song made them less explicit. The song's lyrics find Carey maintaining the duo keep the relationship private from the media, as she threatens to "hunt him down" if he shall record anything of their private life. She mentions talk show host, Wendy Williams. According to Ben Ratliff from The New York Times, "Touch My Body" is a "questionably sexy striptease: a goofy-sleazy tryst vignette", with Carey singing "If there's a camera up in here then I best not catch this flick on YouTube." Critic Rodman felt the song's lyrics describe the protagonist's sexual fantasies, but also serves as a warning to "potential touchers: 'If you run your mouth and brag about our secret rendezvous / I will hunt you down.' Yikes!" In an interview with Fox News, journalist Hollie McKay asked Carey if there was any literal interpretation regarding the lyrics "Touch My Body / Put Me on the Floor / Wrestle Me Around / Play With Me Some More", to which she replied "There is no full-blown meaning; it is just cute and it's one of those songs that makes me happy. I wasn't taking it that seriously. It was just fun experience." Evan Sawdey from PopMatters wrote that in the song "Mariah coos soft-core phone sex fantasies over plinked piano notes, all while referencing YouTube in what appears to be a desperate grab for relevance." In his review of the song's parent album, Los Angeles Times critic Richard Hartog described the song's production, Carey's vocals and its overall mixing:
"Touch My Body" rides a relatively restrained slow-dance groove, with some light, orchestral-synth flourishes thrown in. The rhythm is almost completely carried by an effortless keyboard bump, the easygoing repetitiveness of which eventually wears the listener down, and sets up a delicate frame for Carey to sing around. She pulls back when the song picks up the pace, and Carey keeps it simple here, playing with tempos rather than range. Indeed, she almost quietly slides into the chorus. "If you run around and brag about this secret rendezvous, I will hunt you down", she sings, letting the last line trail off. But you don't necessarily believe her, as the feel is more playful that sinful.

Critical reception

"Touch My Body" garnered generally positive reviews from music critics. While most reviewers complimented the song's hook and production, as well as its playful lyrics, some were critical of Carey's vocal performance, which they felt didn't properly demonstrate her voice. Billboard's Chuck Taylor gave the song a positive review, writing "this sensual jam is 100% Mariah, packed with satisfying harmonic layers and hooky background 'oh's,' supersonic verses and a chorus as catchy as a winter sniffle," Bill Lamb from About.com rated the song four out of five stars, stating that the single "is simple, sexy elegance from one of the most enduring of pop stars." Additionally, Lamb complimented the songs "clever and sexy lyrics", and wrote "The gentle finger-snapping beat will send countless fans dancing in private reveries." Newsday critic, Glenn Gamboa, named it as the "Song of the Week", commenting that it was "the best opening single she's had since 'Heartbreaker'." Nick Levine of Digital Spy was also impressed with the song, writing, "its cooing, sensual charms soon take hold, suggesting the wind's still very much behind the Carey comeback bandwagon." It was described as a "cheeky hit" by Margeaux Watson of Entertainment Weekly, and "playful" by Los Angeles Timess Chuck Philips.

Aside from common criticism aimed at Carey's lack of vocal bombast, many made heavy comparisons to its predecessor, "We Belong Together". Freedom Du Lac from The Washington Post compared the two heavily, while PopMatters's Evan Sawdey felt it was "stealing the structure that made 'We Belong Together' such a great song." In his critique, he continued "For being an album from one of the world's biggest pop stars, its amazing how hook-free and dated if feels a mere two weeks after its release." Slant Magazines critic and writer, Sal Cinquemani, wrote that the single "isn't exactly filled with combustible energy and it lacks the full-throttle belting that accompanied the Return of the Voice three years ago, but it features all of the characteristics one expects from a latter-day Mariah track." Rachel Devitt of Rhapsody expressed a desire to see Carey "show off those legendary five octaves a bit more", while also noting the song's "slightly paranoid/just-this-side-of-crazy lyrics threatening to hunt down her lover if he videos their tryst." New York Daily News critic, David Hinckley, was critical on the song's simplicity, and wrote "[It's] a single that could have been cut by any one-hit diva-ette today – has scored a chart grand slam. There's just one small price to pay for all this: the singer's soul."

 Chart performance
After only a few hours worth of airplay, "Touch My Body" entered the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart at number seventy-eight the chart week of February 23, 2008. In its second week within the chart, it leaped to number twenty, before reaching its peak of number two. In its first complete week of radio airplay, the song garnered 46 million audience impressions, making its debut at number twenty-three on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay. The week of March 1, 2008 the song made its debut at number fifty-seven on the Billboard Hot 100 as the "Hot Shot" of the week. The following week, "Touch My Body" jumped twenty-three spots to number thirty-four, making it Carey's 31st top-forty hit on the chart. It placed Carey as the woman with the fifth most top-forty entries on the Hot 100 in Billboard history."Touch My Body" reached the top position on the Hot 100 in its seventh week, and became Carey's eighteenth chart topper, selling 286,000 digital downloads. The song's opening week broke several records, first making Carey the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the most weeks at number one in the Billboard chart history." The song also sold the highest amount of digital records in one week, surpassing Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007), which sold 277,000 units. The following week, the song stayed at number one, and according to Mediabase, received over 400,000 spins in the United States within its second week at number one. By the song's sixth week of digital availability, "Touch My Body" had sold 879,000 units, and was eventually certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of over three million units throughout the United States. According to Nielsen SoundScan, "Touch My Body" has sold over 1,459,000 copies in the United States as of August 15, 2010. It entered the Canadian Hot 100 at number ninety-seven, based on airplay alone, and peaked at number two. The song also peaked at number two on the Hot Canadian Digital Singles chart, and spent a total of thirteen weeks within the singles chart. In an interview with Fox News, Carey described her feelings regarding surpassing Presley's record, as well as her general sentiments following her success:
For me, in my mind the accomplishment is just that much sweeter. In terms of my ethnicity, always feeling like an outsider, always feeling different ... for me it's about saying, 'Thank you Lord, for giving me the faith to believe in myself when other people had written me off.' I've gone through enough of my life worrying about that kind of thing. I want to encourage anyone else out there who feels like maybe they can't overcome an obstacle, I feel like I'm living proof ... never lose your faith. I'm seriously a grateful individual right now.
Throughout Australasia and Europe, the song managed to peak within the top five in several countries. In Australia, "Touch My Body" debuted at number twenty on the singles chart, during the week of April 4, 2008. The following week, the song reached its peak of number seventeen, where it spent two weeks, and had a total chart trajectory of ten weeks. On April 11, 2008, "Touch My Body" debuted at number forty-five on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 chart. The song peaked at number ten, and fell out of the chart in its tenth week, while it was at fifty-seven. The song achieved moderate success in both the Flemish and Wallonian territories in Belgium, peaking at numbers fourteen and thirty-three, respectively. Making its debut at its peak position of number sixteen, "Touch My Body" charted for a total of nineteen weeks in France, before falling out on October 4, 2008. "Touch My Body" became one of Carey's strongest charting singles in Germany, debuting at number ten on the Media Control Charts. The following week, the song moved up three places to number seven, before completing its ten-week run on the singles chart. On the Dutch Top 40chart, the song made its debut at number twenty-seven. Seven weeks later, the song peaked at number fourteen, before dropping outside the top 40 three weeks later, ending its eleven-week trajectory. "Touch My Body" entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number eleven, during the week dated March 31, 2008. In total, the song spent two weeks at its peak position of number three, and a total of ten weeks on the chart. In both Norway and Sweden, the song saw moderate success, peaking at numbers ten and fourteen, and lasting on the chart for five and six weeks, respectively. On April 20, 2008, "Touch My Body" debuted and peaked at number three on the Swiss Music Charts, spending a total of twelve weeks on the chart. On the Japan Hot 100, the song peaked at number two, and the full-length ringtone was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). On the UK Singles Chart, "Touch My Body" debuted at number ninety-nine, from just one day of release. The following week, the song leapt to number six on the chart, before peaking at number five in its third week. In total, "Touch My Body" spent thirteen weeks within the UK charts, and has estimated sales of over 120,000 units.

 Remixes
The official remix, "Touch My Body (Love/Hate Remix)" (aka "Touch My Body (Tricky Remix)"), was produced by Carey, Christopher "Tricky" Stewart and The-Dream, and feature Def Jam labelmate rapper Rick Ross on the first verse and R&B singer The-Dream, who co-produced the song, on the fourth verse. Aside from both their verses, Carey's are intermingled, and featured in between and after both of the male parts.
Another official remix was released, featuring a guest rap verse and spoken intro by American rapper Juelz Santana.

 Music video
 Background
The song's music video was directed by film-maker Brett Ratner in Los Angeles, and features 30 Rocks Jack McBrayer. As the pair came up with the video's plot, Ratner contacted McBrayer to play a male leading role, alongside Carey. After receiving the call, McBrayer claimed he was so shocked by the proposal, that he didn't believe it at first. He only met with the producers after Ratner personally called him and assured him the authenticity of the offer. In an interview with MTV News, McBrayer joked "I'm always worried now that somebody is pranking me, so at first I was very leery. But when I heard it was legit, and then later on we got a phone call from Brett Ratner, who directed it. I was like, 'This is either a very elaborate prank, or this is the real deal.'" In the fantasy-themed story, he recalled what he considered the video's most memorable scene, in which he and Carey, dressed in medieval attire, were walking with a unicorn. Additionally, he described the filming process as very simple, as they were given very loose directions and pointers. McBrayer claimed that during one take, they were meant to play Frisbee on the mansion lawn, and he accidentally threw it at Carey's face, jokingly adding "by the time she spins back around — bonk, right in her face. I threw a Frisbee in Mariah Carey's face! I'm like, I'm fired!." In an interview with Reuters, Carey described working with Ratner, and her experience filming the video:
I love Brett because he is like me. If I'm eternally 12 – because he's a little bit more naughty than I am – he's eternally 15. He has a great sense of humor, obviously, and he knows that I have a sense of humor and he feels that people don't recognize that about me. And I'll do stuff that I'm totally joking and they're like (uses mean girl voice), "Why is she doing that? Why is she doing the treadmill with her high heels on?" I'm like, "It's a freakin' joke! It's 'Cribs'! Hello! It's a freakin' joke!"

 Synopsis

The music video revolves around the fantasy of a computer store employee, as he dreams about a relationship with Carey. Throughout the video, the pair is seen to have a pillow fight; play laser tag, Guitar Hero and slot cars; and throw a frisbee. The video also features Carey in various revealing outfits. The video begins with a small Compu Nerd Volkswagen, parodying Geek Squad, pulling up into the driveway of Carey's large manor. As the employee introduces himself, Carey flippantly refers to him as a "CompuNerd", and asks him to follow her to the broken computer. As he attends to it, Carey removes her robe, and enters her large closet, leaving McBrayer to begin his fantasy with her. The first scene is of Carey wearing a tight pink number, laying seductively on the bed, as the computer employee plays with an electric guitar. He joins her on the bed, and she begins playfully spanking him as the two enter a pillow fight. Another scene is interspersed, of Carey sporting a mini silver dress, with tall socks and heels, flaunting her body. The fantasy then adapts to a new scenery, of the pair dressed in medieval clothing, while walking a unicorn, followed by the duo in a large room in the mansion, racing electronic cars. As they proceed to play laser tag, they are shown outside, laying on a picnic bed, with Carey dressed in a "naughty school girl outfit". They both get up, and begin to throw a frisbee, before relocating in front of the main stairwell in the mansion. The final scenes of the fantasy are of Carey, wearing a shortened red gown, standing atop the staircase, and McBrayer climbing on his knees while carrying flowers. All the scenes begin to fade, with the last being Carey feeding him by hand by the refrigerator, as he wakes up with Carey, now dressed, poking him. She asks the employee if he updated her download speed to 802.11n then tells him that security will let him out when he is finished, leaving him while he is still fantasizing about her.

 Promotion and reception
The music video won in the category of "Best Comedic Video" at the 2008 BET Awards, and won the "MTV Video Vanguard Award" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. Additionally, the video was nominated for "Best Female Video" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards in the United States. As the MTV Video Music Award is the only industry award for which Carey has not yet received even one trophy, she jokingly expressed to MTV News her feelings regarding the video for "Touch My Body":
I have faith in my fans. I believe they will come through for me, because they always have. My house is not complete without an American Moonman, and I would say 'Touch My Body' deserves one. Brett Ratner directed it, I have a unicorn in there, I have ['Guitar Hero'] in there — who else has that?"
Carey appeared on several music video programs in promotion for the video's debut. She appeared on MTV's Total Request Live and BET's 106 & Park on February 27, 2008, to premiere the video for "Touch My Body"; BET also played the video all day, every hour on the hour, until 106 & Park aired. VH1 posted a 45-second sneak peek on their blog on February 26, and subsequently posted the video in its entirety at midnight on February 27, 2008.

 Live performances

Following the song's digital release, Carey promoted the song on several live televised appearances and programs throughout the world. Only days prior to being released digitally, Carey was announced as the musical guest on an episode of Saturday Night Live, taking over for Janet Jackson who caught the flu and was unable to perform. Hosted by Jonah Hill, Carey performed both "Touch My Body", as well as live rendition of "Migrate" alongside T-Pain. Following the set, Carey and her manager at the time, Benny Medina, met with Lee Daniels, who then offered Carey a role in his film adaptation of Precious (2008), in which Carey would later star and earn acclaim for her acting. After reaching the top of the Billboard charts, the Empire State Building was lit up in Carey's motif colors, white, pink and lavender, for the entire week. On March 25, 2008, Carey was featured as the special guest performer at The Hills season premiere party, an event marking the start of a span of ten episodes airing in between season three and four. Carey, dressed in a black skirt and gold top, performed "Touch My Body", "I'm That Chick" and "We Belong Together", before exiting the stage to a standing ovation. After the performance, Carey received strong praise from the program's cast members, with Lauren Conrad saying "I've always been a huge Mariah fan, and she's just so beautiful and talented', while Whitney Port and Audrina Patridge referred to Carey as "an amazing singer", while claiming to have listened to her music from a young age.

On April 25, 2008, Carey opened the Good Morning America "Summer Concert Series" with a live performance in Times Square. Carey, wearing a pink mini-skirt, began the set with "Touch My Body" in front of thousands of fans. During the song, Carey's backing vocals began to malfunction, causing it to repeat phrases and play during her main vocal moments. In order to let the sound engineer know of the problem, she substituted part of the lyrics for "stop singing my part now, baby!", and completed the final chorus. She continued on with "I'm That Chick", and completed the three-song set-list with her follow-up single, "Bye Bye". After marking the album's stateside launch with her appearance on Good Morning America, Carey took to Europe to perform on several programs. She began with an interview on the British radio station, BBC Radio 1, and continued onto a live rendition of "Touch My Body" on both The Sunday Night Project and The Paul O'Grady Show. Similarly, Carey performed the song live on the popular German talent show, Deutschland sucht den Superstar (Germany searches for the superstar), in April 2008.

On August 8, 2008, Carey performed a mash-up of the song at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards. She began with her single at the time, "I'll Be Lovin' U Long Time", and worked into the bridge of "Touch My Body", before reverting to the former song. At the Fashion Rocks ceremony in 2009, Carey performed "Touch My Body" and her current single at the time, "Obsessed", as well as the remix to her 1995 song "Fantasy". During the set-list, Carey was accompanied by six men in black ties, who hoisted her into the air in front of over 6,000 people during "Obsessed", and rigorous dance routines throughout "Touch My Body". Following the release of Carey's twelfth studio album Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009), she held four concerts at The Pearl Concert Theatre, where she included the song on the set-list. Similar to the performance at the Fashion Rocks ceremony, Carey was hoisted into the air several times by four to six male dancers, each of whom circled her with intricate dancing throughout the song. Carey featured similar choreography for the song during her Angels Advocate Tour (2009–2010), where it was included throughout the entire span of the tour.

 Cover versions
R. Kelly, portraying "The Remix Killer", released an unofficial remix of the song in April 2008. During most of his section of the song, Kelly sings of shining, drinking and two-stepping in a club, and he promises to kiss any place on Mariah's body she wants: "Girl, if you let me, I'm gonna touch it / But if I touch it, I'm gonna wanna hit it." Later, he mimics Carey's bridge: "If some honies up in here that want me to touch her body / Touch it / Let me hear you say, 'I-i-i-i do.'" According to Kelly, the remix is unofficial, and his lyrics are freestyle rap.

During a concert in Washington, D.C., soul singer Aretha Franklin performed a live rendition of the song. Following a piano introduction for her song, "The House That Jack Built", Franklin segued into "Touch My Body", and jokingly referred to the lyrics, telling the audience "As far as I'm concerned, what starts on the floor stays on the floor." A writer from Rap-Up commented on the performance, calling it "absolutely priceless". Similarly, a writer from the Chicago Tribune complemented Franklin's live rendition of "Touch My Body", calling it "simple, enjoyable and sweet".

 Track listings and formats US and Australian maxi-single "Touch My Body" (Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Remix)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji Club Mix)
 "Touch My Body" (Video)European 12" Vinyl single "Touch My Body" (Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Craig C Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Instrumental)Japanese CD single "Touch My Body" (Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Remix)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji Club Mix)UK CD single "Touch My Body" (Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji Club Mix)US maxi-Single'''
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji & Paul Emanuel Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Craig C Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Subkulcha Radio Edit)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji & Paul Emanuel Club Remix)
 "Touch My Body" (Craig C Club Mix)
 "Touch My Body" (Subkulcha Remix)
 "Touch My Body" (Seamus Haji & Paul Emanuel Dub)
 "Touch My Body" (Craig C Dub)
 "Touch My Body" (Remix featuring Juelz Santana)

 Credits and personnel
Credits for E=MC²'' adapted from the album's liner notes.
 Mariah Carey – songwriting, producer, vocals, background vocals
 Terius Nash – songwriting, producer
 Christopher Stewart – songwriting, producer
 Crystal Johnson – songwriting, producer
 David Pensado – audio mixing
 Jaycen Joshua – audio mixing
 Bernie Grundman – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

See also
 List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2008
 List of number-one dance singles of 2008 (U.S.)

References

2008 singles
Mariah Carey songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Music videos directed by Brett Ratner
Songs written by Mariah Carey
2007 songs
2008 songs
Song recordings produced by Tricky Stewart
Songs written by Crystal Nicole
Songs written by Tricky Stewart
Songs written by The-Dream


This Present Darkness is the debut EP and first major release of American heavy metal band Chimaira. As of 2007, the EP has sold more than 10,000 copies, and paved the way for the group’s debut album, Pass Out of Existence which would see a release the following year. Two songs from this EP, "Painting the White to Grey" and "Sphere," were re-recorded for the album's 2001 release.

Background
Track 13 is entitled "Empty" (6:23), track 14 is entitled "Silence" (3:21), and track 69 is a joke song entitled "Satan's Wizard" (2:07). Tracks 6-12 and 15-68 each contain 3 seconds of silence.

The hidden tracks, "Empty" and "Silence" were recorded with original bassist Andrew Ermlick. The band wanted the songs to be part of the EP, and they also wanted Ermlick to be part of the record. However, they didn't have the money to bring him in to re-record them so they used the demo versions of the tracks. The two tracks were hidden so that the CD could be sold at the price of an EP.

"Empty" features guest vocals from Rob of the band Canister.

"Silence" features guest vocals from John Marino, Doug Esper, and Dan Pelleteir.

The sample at the end of "Sphere" is taken from the film The Shawshank Redemption, a favorite of the band members'.

"Satan's Wizard" is not a live track; fake crowd noise was added to the recording, and the high pitched vocals are done by Ben Schigel of Sw1tched (the producer of this EP). At the end of the song, he deliberately  mispronounces the word 'Chimaira'.

2004 reissue
This Present Darkness was re-released and remastered with two included bonus tracks, "Refuse to See" and "Gag" (yet with "Satan's Wizard" omitted). This reissue came as a bonus item with the Dehumanizing Process DVD released on October 26, 2004. The bonus song "Refuse to See" that was included in this version is the same track that was included on the band's 1999 MCD self-titled EP; however, "Gag" is exclusive to this version only and was never released on any previous Chimaira album. "Gag" and "Refuse to See" were actually written while Hunter and Jim LaMarca were playing in Skipline, their prior hardcore band.

Cover art
The person who appears on the front cover is a heavily edited photo of drummer Andols Herrick.

Track listing

Personnel
Mark Hunter – vocals
Rob Arnold – guitar
Jason Hager – guitar
Andols Herrick – drums
Rob Lesniak – bass on all tracks except "Empty" and "Silence"
Andrew Ermlick – bass on "Empty" and "Silence"

References

Chimaira albums
2000 debut EPs


WLVF (930 AM) was a radio station broadcasting a Southern Gospel format. Licensed to Haines City, Florida, United States, the station was owned by Landmark Baptist Church. During its final years, the station served as a simulcast of its sister station, WLVF-FM, which is still broadcasting the Gospel in central Florida.

History
The station went on the air as WHAN on September 9, 1960. It then became WFXI on February 9, 1979. On July 23, 1984, the station changed its call sign to WTHN; on March 26, 1986, the station changed to WLVF. WLVF went silent August 30, 2010 after losing its transmitter site; after determining that there were no sites available to return the station to the air, Landmark Baptist Church turned in the license for WLVF on May 18, 2011. The license was cancelled on June 7, 2011.

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWLVF (Facility ID: 36501)
FCC History Cards for WLVF  (covering 1957-1980 as WHAN / WFXI)

LVF
Radio stations established in 1960
Radio stations disestablished in 2011
Defunct radio stations in the United States
1960 establishments in Florida
2011 disestablishments in Florida
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
LVF


WWBF (1130 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Bartow, Florida.  As the capital city of Polk County, Bartow is centrally located in the Lakeland - Winter Haven Metropolitan Area.  WWBF has a classic hits radio format and is owned by Thornburg Communications, Inc.  Its moniker is "102.9 WBF," using its FM dial position and dropping one of the two W's in its call sign.

By day, WWBF is powered at 2,500 watts non-directional.  But to avoid interference with other stations on 1130 AM, it reduces power at night to 500 watts, using a directional antenna with a three-tower array.  Programming is also heard on FM translator W275AX at 102.9 MHz.

History
WWBF was granted a license by the FCC on .  It has been under the same local ownership and management since 1984.  It is on a clear-channel frequency (the only AM on 1130 kHz in the state of Florida is a member of the Florida Association of Broadcasters.  WWBF must reduce nighttime power to prevent interference to the Class A stations on 1130 AM, which are CKWX Vancouver, KWKH Shreveport and WBBR New York City.

On September 11, 2013, WWBF began simulcasting on FM translator W275AX on frequency 102.9.

WWBF is a division of Thornburg Communications, Inc. The station is known in the local market as Classic Hits 102.9 WBF (after its translator frequency).

Programming

WBF features a modernized version of the classic hits format playing rock & roll hits from the mid to late `60s, the `70s, and the `80s. At the core of WBF are artists like Billy Joel, Fleetwood Mac, Stevie Wonder, Elton John, the Eagles, Rod Stewart, Hall & Oates, Creedence Clearwater Revival, the Doobie Brothers, and Motown superstars.

In addition to Fox News Radio, WBF is affiliated with Westwood One, the Motor Racing Network, and the Performance Racing Network.

WWBF is also the winter radio home for Prior Smith's Canada Calling.

WWBF covers many local events; broadcasting Bartow High School football, basketball, baseball and softball. Along with coverage of the annual Youth Villa Classic golf tournament, and NASCAR.

Translators

References

External links

WBF
Bartow, Florida
Radio stations established in 1969
1969 establishments in Florida


Sven Delblanc ( May 26, 1931 - December 15, 1992) was Swedish author and professor of literature.

Born in Swan River, Manitoba, Canada, Deblanc died in Gottsunda Parish, Uppsala, and is buried in Hammarby kyrkogård in Uppsala, Sweden.

Delblanc was an Associate Professor in the history of literature at Uppsala University since 1965. He received the Aftonbladet Literature Prize in 1965. Before his death he was pointed out as the anonymous writer Bo Balderson.

He was born in Canada but grew up near Vagnhärad, Sweden. His parents divorced and the father, Siegfried Axel Herman Delblanc, remarried. His paternal grandfather, Friedrich Hermann Delblanc, a bookmaker in Stockholm, was from Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. Sven Delblanc's maternal relatives were from Väse in Värmland in the West of Sweden. His maternal grandmother came from Norway. His maternal grandfather, Axel Nordfält, was the inspiration to the character Samuel in Samuels bok (1981).

The Swedish television series Hedebyborna (1978) is based on Delblanc's series of novels Åminne (1970), Stenfågel (1973), Vinteride (1974) and Stadsporten (1976).

Bibliography

Television
 1968 – Lekar i kvinnohagen (manuscript)
 1978 – Hedebyborna (manuscript)
 1986 – Prästkappan (book)
 1990 – Kära farmor (manuscript)
 1992 – Maskeraden (manuscript)

Theater
 Kastrater (1977)

Awards and merits
 Aftonbladets litteraturpris (1965)
 BMF-plaketten (1970)
 Svenska Dagbladets litteraturpris (1970)
 Litteraturfrämjandets stora romanpris(1970)
 Zornpriset (1970)
 Sixten Heymans pris (1974)
 BMF-plaketten (1981)
 Nordiska rådets litteraturpris (1982) for Samuels bok
 Övralidspriset (1985)
 Pilotpriset (1986)
 Kellgrenpriset (1989)
 Augustpriset (1991) for Livets ax
 BMF-plaketten (1991)
 Gerard Bonniers pris (1992)

Footnotes

External links

 Sven Delblanc Society

1931 births
1992 deaths
20th-century Swedish novelists
Swedish-language writers
Writers from Manitoba
People from Swan River, Manitoba
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Litteris et Artibus recipients
Swedish male novelists
20th-century Swedish male writers


WONN (1230 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a soft oldies and adult standards radio format.  Licensed to Lakeland, Florida, the station is owned by Hall Communications, Inc.  WONN is also heard on an FM translator, 107.1 MHz W296CS.  WONN carries the syndicated "America's Best Music" network from Westwood One.

WONN's transmitter is atop the office building where WONN has its studios and offices, on Lime Street at Sikes Boulevard in Lakeland.  WONN is powered at 1,000 watts, day and night, using a non-directional antenna.

History
On September 15, 1949, the station first signed on.  In 1981, current owner Hall Communications bought WONN, along with FM sister station 97.5 WPCV in Winter Haven, for $2 million.

References

External links

ONN
Soft adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Adult standards radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1949
1949 establishments in Florida


Herbert Francis Thomas Buse (1910–1992) was a cricketer who played 304 first-class matches for Somerset before and after the Second World War.

Cricket career
Born at Ashley Down, Bristol, on 5 August 1910, Buse was an all-rounder: a dogged right-handed batsman who, in the mobile Somerset batting line-up of the mid 20th century, batted anywhere from No 3 to No 8, and a medium-paced swing bowler who often opened the bowling for the county side. He first played for Somerset in 1929, and then played occasional matches as a professional almost every season through to 1937. In 1938, he went on to the county's staff as a full professional contracted for all matches, and from then until he retired at the end of the 1953 season he was a regular in the county team.

Buse's first complete season was 1938 and, according to Wisden, he "seized his chance in great style". In his first season, he scored 1067 runs and took 61 wickets, and his 132 against Northamptonshire at Kettering was to remain his highest first-class score. Wisden noted that he often batted best when Somerset were in trouble.

That first full season set the pattern for the next nine: the 1939 season before the Second World War and the first eight seasons from 1946 after the war. Buse made 1,000 runs in five seasons in all, and more than 900 runs in three others; his batting average never exceeded 27 and never fell below 19; and he scored seven centuries in all. As a bowler, his best season was 1939, when he took 81 first-class wickets, including his career best eight for 41 in an innings against Derbyshire at Taunton. In eight seasons in all he took more than 50 wickets, and though his average was, for his time, rather high – usually around 30 runs per wicket – he again with his bowling seemed often to do well when others were struggling.

Cricket style
Buse was one of the distinctive characters in a Somerset side full of characters. In appearance and manner, he was bustling and rather prim, with a clipped moustache and always-neat hair. As a bowler, he went through a variety of fussy mannerisms before delivering the ball, all of which served only to endear him to Somerset cricket crowds. "There was his studious contemplation, his stuttering approach, the touch of acceleration and the undisguised smile when the batsman failed to counter the late swing," is one description. John Arlott said Buse's run-up was like a butler bringing in the tea. He could bowl both outswingers and inswingers. As a batsman, Buse also had a distinctive style that involved a strange dabbing stroke that steered the ball through the slips or gully towards third man. "There was rather too much posterior," says one book.

Benefit match
Buse was accorded a benefit match by Somerset in his final first-class season, 1953, and picked the three-day County Championship game against Lancashire at Bath. The match was a sensation, though not to Buse's gain. At the root of the sensation was a newly-laid pitch, which took vicious spin from the start of play. Lancashire's acting captain, the England Test batsman Cyril Washbrook, said later that Lancashire would have refused to play had it not been a benefit match.

Somerset batted first and were all out in around 90 minutes for just 55. Off-spin bowler Roy Tattersall unusually opened the bowling, and took seven for 25. No Somerset batsman reached double figures, and Buse made just five. When Lancashire batted, Buse himself proved almost as deadly, taking four of the first five wickets that fell for just 46 runs. But then Peter Marner and Alan Wharton decided to hit out, and put on a stand of 70 in 25 minutes for the sixth wicket. In all, Lancashire totalled 158, made off just 32 overs, with Buse taking six for 41 and the innings finishing by teatime on the first day. Somerset's second innings then proved no better than the first, with Brian Statham joining Tattersall in the wickets. Only a last-wicket partnership of 35 by Jim Redman and the debutant Brian Langford delayed matters at all. Somerset were all out for 79, losing by an innings and 24 runs, with Tattersall having match figures of 13 wickets for 69 runs. The game was over by six o'clock on the evening of the first day.

With the beneficiary responsible for outgoings as well as income from a benefit match, Buse faced financial disaster from the match. But Somerset waived the match costs and a fund was set up to recompense Buse which raised around £2,800, the kind of sum he might have expected from a game that ran the intended three days.

Buse and Somerset returned to Bath for the second match of the cricket festival later that same week. This time, playing against Kent, two innings were completed on the first day, but then Somerset posted a total of more than 400 in their second innings, with both Buse and Harold Gimblett making centuries.

Outside cricket
Though born in Bristol, most of Buse's life was spent in Bath, where he played club cricket for Bath Cricket Club. He was employed as a solicitor's clerk in the city: Bath solicitors provided Somerset's cricket captains from 1932 to 1946.

Outside cricket, he was an all-round sportsman, appearing for Bath rugby club at full-back and also playing table tennis and billiards to high standard. After retiring from cricket, he coached in South Africa (at King Edward VII School in Johannesburg his pupils included Ali Bacher) and ran a pub for a while before returning to Bath to work on the local evening newspaper. He died in Bath on 23 February 1992

References

1910 births
1992 deaths
English cricketers
London Counties cricketers
Somerset cricketers
Bath Rugby players
Cricketers from Bristol