Rodion Mykhailovych Luka (; born 29 October 1972) is a Ukrainian yachtsman, Merited Sports Master, silver medallist of the Olympic Games 2004, Class 49er World Champion 2005, European Champion, and Sportsman 2005 in Ukraine. In August 2015 Luka was elected as the President of the Sailing Federation of Ukraine.

Biography
Rodion Luka was born on 29 October 1972 in a family of engineers. He went to the Vyshhorod (Ukraine, Kyiv region) secondary school. When he was 11, he quit playing the piano at the music school and took to sailing. He gained his first experience in this field during practice sessions at the Kyiv Reservoir.
In 1985, Luka bore the bell in sailing – he won the USSR (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) “Republican Regatta” and started preparing for the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Youth Championship.
In 1988, he won all the youth competitions, including the Ukrainian Championship and USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Championship. Henceforward, Rodion Luka starts going in for sailing professionally.

Education
1995 – graduated from National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine specializing in “Professional and Olympic Sports Management”.
1999 – graduated from Kyiv State Maritime Academy with the specialization “Navigator, Ship Driver”.

Professional achievements
Rodion Luka obtained his first international prize in 1993. He became the gold medallist in the Warnemünde Laser-Radial-Class Regatta, and bronze medallist in the European Championship in Sardinia (Italy).
In 1994, the sportsman captured silver of the European Championship in England and World Championship in Japan.
In 1996, Rodion Luka represents Ukraine in the Laser-Class Olympic Games.
Next year, he starts the Olympic Sydney 2000 49er-Class Campaign together with Georgiy Leonchuk.
In 1999, Rodion Luka obtains a license to compete in the Olympics 2000, where he ranks the tenth. Coincidently, he takes the title of the Champion of Australia and wins the bronze in the 49er-Class European Championship.
In 2000s, Rodion Luka made the greatest professional breakthrough in yachting sport. He and his team headed the list in the ISAF (International Sailing Federation) World Ranking (2002-2003), won the 49er-class championship and took the lead in the world ranking (2005).
In 2005, Rodion Luka obtains the title of the Sportsman of the Year in Ukraine according to the National Olympic Committee.
In 2008, he becomes a bronze medallist of the European and World Championships, and in 2012 – SB20-Class Champion of England, Russia and Europe.

Volvo Ocean Race
In 2008–2009, Luka was the only Ukrainian who competed in the most prestigious Volvo Ocean Race global sailing regatta on the “Kasatka (Killer Whale)” yacht as a steersman.
Volvo Ocean Race makes the list of five most significant competitions of yachtsmen worldwide.

Coaching and training
In 2012–2013, Rodion Luka works as the RC44-class coach.
In 2012, he establishes the yachting school – KievRacingYachtClub. The Club created the conditions for yachting for the people who have neither time, nor money to buy and maintain own yachts. The Club organizes amateur regattas; the Club teams continuously participate in international competitions.

Family
Married. Wife – Anastasiia, children: Kirill and Sofia.

Career highlights

World Championships
1997 - Perth, 32nd, 49er
1998 - Bandol, 14th, 49er
1999 - Melbourne, 15th, 49er
2001 - Malcesine,  3rd, 49er
2002 - Hawaii, 5th, 49er
2003 - Cádiz,  3rd, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
2004 - Athens, 14th, 49er
2005 - Moscow,  1st, 49er
2006 - Aix-les-Bains, 9th, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
2007 - Cascais, 14th, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
2008 - Sorrento,  3rd, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
Summer Olympics
1996 - Atlanta, 35th, Laser
2000 - Sydney, 10th, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
2004 - Athens,  2nd, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
European Championships
1996 - Quiberon, 21st, Laser
1998 - Helsinki, 18th, 49er
2000 - Medemblik,  3rd, 49er
2001 - Brest, 4th, 49er
2002 - Grimstad, 8th, 49er
2003 - Laredo, 9th, 49er
2004 - Torbole sul Garda, 16th, 49er
2005 - Vallensbæk, 10th, 49er
2006 - Weymouth, 10th, 49er
2007 - Marsala, 13th, 49er (with George Leonchuk)
Other achievements
2000 - Kiel, Kiel Week,  2nd, 49er
2001 - Medemblik, Spa Regatta,  1st, 49er
2001 - Kiel, Kiel Week,  2nd, 49er
2002 - Medemblik, Spa Regatta,  2nd, 49er
2003 - Hyères, Semaine Olympique Française,  1st, 49er
2003 - Medemblik, Spa Regatta,  3rd, 49er
2005 - Miami, Rolex Miami OCR,  2nd, 49er
2006 - Miami, Rolex Miami OCR,  3rd, 49er
2006 - Miami, North American Championships,  3rd, 49er

External links

 49er World Championships
 OUTTERIDGE And AUSTIN Win 49er World Title

1972 births
Living people
Ukrainian male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Laser
Sailors at the 2000 Summer Olympics – 49er
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Olympics – 49er
Sailors at the 2008 Summer Olympics – 49er
Olympic sailors for Ukraine
Olympic silver medalists for Ukraine
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
49er class world champions
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
World champions in sailing for Ukraine


Saône () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  south of Besançon.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Saône on the regional Web site
 Official website

Communes of Doubs


Cadogan Square () is a residential square in Knightsbridge, London, that was named after Earl Cadogan. Whilst it is mainly a residential area, some of the properties are used for diplomatic and educational purposes (notably Sussex House School).

The square is known for being one of the most expensive residential streets in the United Kingdom, with an average house price of around £5.75 million in 2013. Milner Street runs from the middle of the west side of the square.

History
The square was built between 1877 and 1888, largely on the grounds of the Prince's Club.

The west side has the greatest variety of houses, all variations on the same Flemish-influenced theme. Numbers 54-58 were designed by William Young in 1877 for Lord Cadogan, and the architect J. J. Stevenson was largely responsible for the south side, built in 1879–85.

The east side was built in 1879 by G. T. Robinson. Number 61 is an early example of high-class mansion flats, and number 61A was once a studio-house for a Mr F. W. Lawson.

Film stars Christopher Lee and Boris Karloff lived in Cadogan Square, as well as stop motion animator Ray Harryhausen. The Anglo-Irish fantasy writer Lord Dunsany lived in the square in the 1920s and English writer Arnold Bennett lived at number 75 during the same decade. 81 Cadogan Square was where the American socialite Barbara Daly Baekeland was murdered by her son Antony in November, 1972. American war correspondent and author Martha Gellhorn lived in Cadogan Square until her death in 1998.

Today
Cadogan Square is one of the most desirable residential addresses in London and is one of the most expensive in the United Kingdom. It is formed of a garden (restricted to residents) surrounded by red-brick houses, the majority of which have been converted into flats or apartments. The square is south of Pont Street, east of Lennox Gardens, and west of Sloane Street.

Hill House's lower, middle, and upper schools (boys and girls aged five to ten) are educated here, at what they, as a school, call 'Cadogan Gardens'. Another independent preparatory school, Sussex House School, located at number 68, was founded here in 1952: the school is sited in a house by architect Norman Shaw.

Apartments or flats tend to be available on short leases and are sold for several million pounds. There are three or so houses on the square that have not been converted into flats, and these may be valued at over £25 million each. In 2013, the average property price on Cadogan Square was about £5.75 million, making it the third most expensive street in the country.

The freeholder of most of the properties is the 8th Earl Cadogan, a multi-billionaire whose family has owned the land for several hundred years. As with many properties in prime central London areas, many of the apartments in Cadogan Square are unoccupied for a large part of the year.

Numbers 4 (by G.E. Street), 52, 62 and 62b, 68 and 72 are all Grade II* listed buildings.

References

External links

Squares in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Knightsbridge
Cadogan Estate
Communal gardens


Saraz () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Saraz lies  southwest of Amancey.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Saraz on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Sarrageois () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Sarrageois lies  northeast of Mouthe.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Sarrageois on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Cadogan Place is a street in Belgravia, London. It is named after Earl Cadogan and runs parallel to the lower half of Sloane Street. It gives its name to the extensive Cadogan Place Gardens, private communal gardens maintained for Cadogan residents. It is owned by Cadogan Estates.

Cadogan Place is considered part of Prime Central London, an area of high property values that are popular with foreign buyers, particularly from the Middle East and China. The average value of a property in Cadogan Place was estimated at £5 million in 2020; with flats selling for an average of £3.1 million and terraced houses for £11.1 million.

Nos. 21–27, 28–33, 34–69, and 70–90 Cadogan Place are listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England as are the two bollards outside 70 Cadogan Place marked 'Hans Town 1819'. The  of communal gardens, known as the North and South gardens, are also Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The Carlton Tower Hotel is situated at the north end of Cadogan Place. It is bordered to the west by Sloane Street and bisected by Pont Street to the north which runs east to west from Cadogan Place to Sloane Street. The eastern side of Cadogan Place is defined by its long stuccoed terraces built in the early 19th century.

The 10 tonne 'Belgravia Fatberg', a fatberg made up of grease, fat, and "unflushable" wet wipes was found under Cadogan Place in October 2020. It was removed by engineers from Thames Water, who said that it weighed more than an African elephant.

The northern garden was laid out by Humphry Repton in 1806. Repton laid out winding paths and created ridges and dips from excavated soil. An underground car park was created in the 1970s underneath the northern garden. The garden features rosebeds and shrubs and a summerhouse. A bronze sculpture of two figures by David Wynne is situated in the northern garden.

Literary references

Charles Dickens wrote of Cadogan Place in his 1839 novel Nicholas Nickleby that it was a "slight bond" between the "aristocratic pavements" of
Belgrave Square and the "barbarism" of Chelsea and the residents had the "airs and semblances of loftiest rank" while possessing "the realities of middle station". Cadogan Place is the home of Fanny and Robert Assingham in Henry James's late novel The Golden Bowl.

Notable residents
No. 18 was the childhood home of Lord Alfred Douglas, the writer and poet, and the lover of Oscar Wilde.
No. 44 was the residence of the abolitionist William Wilberforce for the last ten days of his life. He died here on 29 July 1833. His residence is marked by a London County Council commemorative blue plaque placed in 1961.
No. 52 was the London birthplace, childhood and family home of Harold Macmillan (1894–1986), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.
No. 79 is the former home of Lord and Lady Colin Campbell who provided Victorian London with a sensational divorce trial in 1886.
No. 30 was the residence of Wynne Ellis, haberdasher and art collector and benefactor to the National Gallery.
Dorothea Jordan, actress and  courtesan and the mistress and companion of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom. Her residence is marked by a London County Council blue plaque placed in 1975.
Zachary Macaulay and his wife Selina Mills from 1818 to 1823
Lieutenant-General Herbert Taylor, first Private Secretary to the Sovereign

See also
 List of eponymous roads in London

Notes and references

Belgravia
Cadogan Estate
Communal gardens
Grade II listed parks and gardens in London
Streets in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea


Saules () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region eastern France.

Geography
Saules lies  northeast of Ornans above the valley of the Loue.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Saules on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Sauvagney () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Sauvagney lies  southwest of Émagny.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Sauvagney on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Scey-Maisières () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  west of Ornans on the banks of the Loue.

History
The commune was formed from the former communes of Scey-en-Varais and Maisières-Notre-Dame.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Scey-Maisières on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Séchin () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  northeast of Roulans.

History
The village was burned in 1944 in reprisal for an attack on a German convoy. It was rebuilt in the early 1950s.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Séchin on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Semondans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Semondan lies  southwest of Montbéliard. The Rupt flows through the commune.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Semondans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Septfontaines () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Septfontaines lies on the ancient royal road between Besançon and Pontarlier  northeast of Pontarlier near the Swiss border.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Septfontaines on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Serre-les-Sapins () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  west of Besançon in the greater metropolitan area.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Serre-les-Sapins on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Servin () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Servin lies  southeast of Baume-les-Dames on the Roman road from Besançon to the Rhine.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Servin on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Silley-Amancey () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  south of Besançon.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Silley on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Solemont () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Solemont lies  from Pont-de-Roide near the cliffs of the Mont de Solemont. It is near the valley of the Barbèche.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Solemont on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Sombacour () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Sombacour lies  northeast of Levier.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Sombacour on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Amou (; ) is a commune of the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Landes department

References

Communes of Landes (department)


The Diocese of Ávila () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Ávila in the Ecclesiastical province of Valladolid in Spain.

History
 1102–1120: Administered by Jerome, bishop of Salamanca
 1121: Established as Diocese of Ávila

Leadership
 Priscillian (died 385)

Bishops of Ávila after 1381
Domingo Suárez, O.F.M. (30 Jul 1263 – 1271 Died)
Diego de los Roeles (1381–1394)
Alfonso de Echea o de Córdoba (1395–1403)
Juan Rodríguez de Guzmán (1403–1424)
Diego Gómez de Fuensalida (1424–1436)
Cardinal Juan de Cervantes (1437 – 19 August 1441, Appointed Bishop of Segovia)
Lope de Barrientos, O.P. (19 Jul 1441 – 7 Apr 1445 Appointed, Bishop of Cuenca)
Alonso de Fonseca y Ulloa (1445 – 4 Feb 1454 Appointed, Archbishop of Sevilla)
Alonso Fernández de Madrigal (1454–1455)
Martín Fernández de Vilches (1455–1469)
Alfonso de Fonseca (29 Jan 1469 – 26 Aug 1485 Appointed, Bishop of Cuenca)
Hernando de Talavera, O.S.H. (26 Aug 1485 – 23 Jan 1493 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Francisco Sánchez de la Fuente (1493 – 1496 Appointed, Bishop of Córdoba)
Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz (bishop) (27 Jun 1496 – 14 Jun 1514 Died)
Francisco Ruiz (bishop), O.F.M. (14 Jul 1514 – 23 Oct 1528 Died)
Rodrigo Sánchez Mercado (12 Jan 1530 – 25 Jan 1548 Died)
Diego Alava Esquivel (7 May 1548 – 21 Oct 1558 Appointed, Bishop of Córdoba)
Diego de los Cobos Molina (2 Aug 1559 – 4 Sep 1560 Appointed, Bishop of Jaén)
Alvaro Hurtado de Mendoza y Sarmiento (4 Sep 1560 – 11 Sep 1577 Appointed, Bishop of Palencia)
Sancho Busto de Villegas (5 Nov 1578 – 19 Jan 1581 Died)
Pedro Fernández Temiño (11 Sep 1581 – 29 Aug 1590 Died)
Jerónimo Manrique de Lara (5 Apr 1591 – 1 Sep 1595 Died)
Juan Velázquez de las Cuevas, O.P. (29 Apr 1596 – 11 Mar 1598 Died)
Lorenzo Asensio Otaduy Avendaño (1 Feb 1599 – 4 Dec 1611 Died)
Juan Alvarez de Caldas (14 May 1612 – 30 Nov 1615 Died)
Francisco González Zarate (de Gamarra) (30 May 1616 – 13 Dec 1626 Died)
Alfonso López Gallo (5 Jul 1627 Appointed, not installed)
Francisco Márquez Gaceta (29 Nov 1627 – 8 Nov 1631 Died)
Pedro Cifuentes Loarte (7 Jun 1632 – 19 May 1636 Died)
Diego Arce Reinoso (22 Mar 1638 – 8 Oct 1640 Confirmed, Bishop of Palencia)
Juan Vélez de Valdivielso (25 Feb 1641 – 21 Aug 1645 Appointed, Bishop of Cartagena (en España))
José de Argáiz Pérez (4 Dec 1645 – 27 Jul 1654 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Bernardo Atayde de Lima Perera (5 Oct 1654 – 17 Feb 1656 Died)
Martín de Bonilla Granada (16 Oct 1656 – 21 Oct 1662 Died)
Francisco de Rojas-Borja y Artés (23 Apr 1663 – 29 May 1673 Appointed, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Cartagena (en España))
Juan Asensio Barrios, O. de M. (26 Jun 1673 – 20 Apr 1682 Appointed, Bishop of Jaén)
Diego Ventura Fernández de Angulo, O.F.M. (11 Jan 1683 – 17 Mar 1700 Died)
Gregorio Solórzano Castillo (10 May 1700 – 17 Jul 1703 Died)
Baltasar de la Peña Avilés (17 Dec 1703 – 7 Feb 1705 Died)
Julián Cano y Tevar, O. Carm. (17 Jan 1714 – 20 Apr 1719 Died)
José del Yermo Santibáñez (20 Mar 1720 – 8 Mar 1728 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Pedro Ayala, O.P. (8 Mar 1728 – 22 Jun 1738 Resigned)
Narciso Queralt (23 Jun 1738 – 12 Jan 1743 Died)
Pedro González García (20 May 1743 – 7 Apr 1758 Died)
Romualdo Velarde y Cienfuegos (2 Oct 1758 – 11 May 1766 Died)
Miguel Fernando Merino (1 Dec 1766 – 10 Jul 1781 Died)
Antonio Sentmenat y Castellá (17 Feb 1783 – 22 Jun 1784 Resigned)
Julián Gascueña Herráiz, O.F.M. Disc. (20 Sep 1784 – 23 Nov 1796 Died)
Francisco Javier Cabrera Velasco (24 Jul 1797 – 22 Jan 1799 Died)
Rafael de Múzquiz y Aldunate (15 Apr 1799 – 20 Jul 1801 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Manuel Gómez de Salazar (29 Mar 1802 – 3 Nov 1815 Died)
Rodrigo Antonio de Orellana, O. Praem. (21 Dec 1818 – 29 Jul 1822 Died)
Ramón María Adurriaga Uribe (24 May 1824 – 2 Feb 1841 Died)
Manuel López Santisteban (17 Dec 1847 – 30 Apr 1852 Resigned)
Gregorio Sánchez y Jiménez (Rubio), O.S.H. (27 Sep 1852 – 17 Feb 1854 Died)
Juan Alfonso Albuquerque Berión (23 Jun 1854 – 25 Sep 1857 Confirmed, Bishop of Córdoba)
Fernando Blanco y Lorenzo, O.P. (21 Dec 1857 – 17 Sep 1875 Confirmed, Archbishop of Valladolid)
Pedro José Sánchez Carrascosa y Carrión, C.O. (23 Sep 1875 – Jan 1882 Resigned)
Bl. Ciriaco María Sancha y Hervás (27 Mar 1882 – 10 Jun 1886 Appointed, Bishop of Madrid)
Ramón Fernández Piérola y Lopez de Luzuriaca (17 Mar 1887 – 30 Dec 1889 Appointed, Bishop of Vitoria)
Juan Muñoz y Herrera (26 Jun 1890 – 2 Dec 1895 Appointed, Bishop of Málaga)
José María Blanco Barón (2 Dec 1895 – 4 Apr 1897 Died)
Joaquín Beltrán y Asensio (24 Mar 1898 – 3 Nov 1917 Died)
Enrique Pla y Deniel (4 Dec 1918 – 28 Jan 1935 Appointed, Bishop of Salamanca)
Santos Moro Briz (21 Jun 1935 – 19 Oct 1968 Retired)
Maximino Romero de Lema (19 Oct 1968 – 21 Mar 1973 Appointed, Secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy)
Felipe Fernández García (22 Oct 1976 – 12 Jun 1991 Appointed, Bishop of San Cristóbal de La Laguna o Tenerife)
Antonio Cañizares Llovera (6 Mar 1992 – 10 Dec 1996 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Adolfo González Montes (26 May 1997 – 15 Apr 2002 Appointed, Bishop of Almería)
Jesús García Burillo (9 Jan 2003 – 6 Nov 2018 Retired)
José María Gil Tamayo (6 Nov 2018 – 16 Jul 2022 Appointed, Coadjutor Archbishop of Granada)
Jesús Rico García (29 May 2023 – present)

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Spain
 Convento de San José (Ávila)

Sources

External links
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 11th century


Piano Sonata No. 8 may refer to:
Piano Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven)
Piano Sonata No. 8 (Mozart)
Piano Sonata No. 8 (Prokofiev)
Piano Sonata No. 8 (Scriabin)


La Sommette () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  southeast of Pierrefontaine above the gorges of Réverotte.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 La Sommette on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Soulce-Cernay () is a commune in the Doubs department' in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  from the Swiss border.

Population

Sights
 Jardin Paléobotanique

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Soulce-Cernay on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Sourans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Sourans lies  southeast of L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs in the valley of the Sourans.

Demographics

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Sourans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Soye () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Soye lies  west of L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Soye on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Surmont () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Surmont lies  southeast of Clerval on the plateau of Belleherbe above the caves of the Baume.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Surmont on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Clement Pierce Wilson (February 1, 1891 – April 7, 1983) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1912 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 100 metre competition as well as of the 200 metre event.

He was also a member of the American relay team which was disqualified in the semi-finals of the 4x100 metre relay competition after a fault with its first baton passing.

He graduated from Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where the "Clem Wilson Award" was presented annually to the school's outstanding track athlete for more than fifty years after his Olympic appearance.

References

External links
list of American athletes

1891 births
1983 deaths
American male sprinters
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics


Taillecourt () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Taillecourt lies  south of Montbéliard and  north of Audincourt on national highway 437.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Taillecourt on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Tallans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Tallans lies  southwest of Rougemont.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Tallans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Tallenay () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It is most famous for putting Kylian Mbappe in the 2022 French presidential Election.

Geography
Tallenay lies  north of Besançon.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Tallenay on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Avensan () is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Tarcenay () is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Tarcenay-Foucherans.

Geography
Tarcenay lies  north of Ornans on the first plateau of the Jura mountains near the Loue.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Tarcenay on the regional Web site

Former communes of Doubs


Auros (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Les Terres-de-Chaux () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  northeast of Saint-Hippolyte.

Population

Sights and monuments
 The church of Saint-Léger was probably built in the 12th century. The nave and choir were altered in the 14th century. Side chapels were added in the 16th and 17th centuries and a sacristy to the south of the choir between 1760 et 1765. The choir contains murals from the 15th or 16th centuries. The church has been listed since 1936 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Terres-de-Chaux on the regional web site

Communes of Doubs


Auriolles (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Thiébouhans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The communes lies  northwest of Maîche and  from the Swiss border.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Thiébouhans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Audenge (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Geography
The town is situated on the Arcachon Bay (Bassin d'Arcachon), between Lanton, Biganos and Marcheprime.

Population

Inhabitants of Audenge are called Audengeois.

History
Audenge's patron saint is Saint Yves, patron of fishermen.

See also
Communes of the Gironde department
Parc naturel régional des Landes de Gascogne

References

Communes of Gironde


Aubie-et-Espessas (; ) is a former commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val de Virvée.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

External links

Former communes of Gironde


Thise () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Thise lies  southwest of Marchaux.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Thise on the regional Web site
 Official website

Communes of Doubs


Aubiac () is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Asques (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Thoraise () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Thoraise lies  north of Boussières on a curve in the Doubs surrounded by cliffs.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Thoraise on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Albert Hopoate (born 26 June 1985 in North Ryde) is an Australian professional rugby league/union player who is currently contracted to the Penrith Emus in the NSW Shute Shield competition. He is the younger brother of controversial former international player John Hopoate.

Albert attended Eaglevale High School, where he made the Australian Schoolboys Rugby Union Team. He is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

He was named in the Tonga training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. Like his brother John, he is also known by the nickname 'Hoppa'.

References

External links
Sydney Roosters profile
Newtown Jets profile
Young Hopoate is on a mission

1985 births
Living people
Australian Latter Day Saints
Australian rugby league players
Albert
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sydney Roosters players
Tonga national rugby league team players
Tongan rugby league players


Thulay () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Thulay lies  from Hérimoncourt on the slope of the Blamont plateau.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Thulay on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Arveyres (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Artigues-près-Bordeaux (, literally Artigues near Bordeaux; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Thurey-le-Mont () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  north of Marchaux above the valley of the Ognon. Half of its territory is covered by forest.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Thurey-le-Mont on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Les Artigues-de-Lussac is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. It is around 10 km northeast of Libourne, and around 35 km east-northeast of Bordeaux.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Arsac () is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Torpes () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Torpe lies  northwest of Boussières in the valley of the Doubs. It is perched on a plateau 20 to 40 m above the river.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Torpes on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Arès (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department
Pilgrims of Arès

References

Communes of Gironde
Populated coastal places in France


Touillon-et-Loutelet () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  south of Pontarlier.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Touillon-et-Loutelet on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Grosvenor Place is a street in Belgravia, London, running from Hyde Park Corner down the west side of Buckingham Palace gardens, and joining lower Grosvenor Place where there are some cafes and restaurants. It joins Grosvenor Gardens to the south, which links it to Victoria railway station.  At No. 17 is the Embassy of the Republic of Ireland.

Cleveland Clinic London, the second-largest of 19 private hospitals in the capital, is at no.33.

Notable residents
Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister, No.6
David Rowlands (surgeon), No. 28

References

Streets in the City of Westminster


Arcins () is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Arbis (Gascon: Arbís) is a former commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Porte-de-Benauge.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Former communes of Gironde


Tournans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Tournans lies  south of Rougemont.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Tournans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Arbanats () is a commune of the Gironde department in southwestern France. Arbanats station has rail connections to Langon and Bordeaux.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Trépot () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Trépot lies  from Ornans.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Trépot on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Ambès (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

It is located at the point, the Bec d'Ambès (Occ. bèc is cognate with Old English  bæc for beck), where the rivers Garonne and Dordogne meet to form the Gironde estuary.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

Gallery

References

Communes of Gironde


Tressandans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

Geography
Tressandans lies  northwest of Rougemont on the banks of the Ognon. It lies on the border of the department of Haute-Saône.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Tressandans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Ambarès-et-Lagrave (; Ambarés e La Grava in Gascon dialect) is a commune in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Ambarésiens or Ambarésiennes

Geography
Ambarès-et-Lagrave is part of the Bordeaux urban area located to the north of the Bordeaux conurbation between the Garonne and Dordogne. The A10 autoroute passes down the eastern side of the commune from north to south with Exit  → Ambarès-et-Lagrave, Saint-Loubès in the commune. The commune is mostly urban with small areas of forest in the north and south and farmland in the west and north.

Ambarès-et-Lagrave is part of the Bordeaux Métropole.

Transport
TER Aquitaine
The commune is served by two  railway stations: the Grave-d'Ambarès station and La Gorp station which have regular links with Bordeaux.

TBC Network

Trans Gironde Network

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
In the 12th century the city of Ambarès belonged to a vast feudal domain comprising a large part of the marshes of Entre-deux-Mers (Between two seas). Later this area became the Barony of Montferrand.

The ancient parish of Ambarès was almost entirely under the jurisdiction of the Lords of Gua who levied tithes from the 15th century.

The Lagrave district was attached to the commune of Ambarès in 1818.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Twinning

Ambarès-et-Lagrave has twinning associations with:
 Kelheim (Bavaria, Germany) since 1989.
 Midsomer Norton (Somerset, UK) since 1985.

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 16,344 inhabitants. The population of Ambarès-et-Lagrave has more than doubled between 1962 and 1999. This significant increase in the population is probably due to its proximity to the city of Bordeaux.

Economy
Although the tertiary sector (services) is predominant in Ambarès-et-Lagrave, the town also has many jobs in industry (secondary sector).

Allocation of Workers (2009, INSEE):

Unemployment rate: 9.8% (2009, INSEE)

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The commune has many buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
A Lavoir (Public Laundry) at La Gorp (1893)
The Château Beauséjour (19th century) was probably rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century but as farm buildings it may be older. The old house was listed as Pouyau on the Belleyme map and in the old Land Registry.
The Château du Tillac (17th century) was the noble house of the Joly de Bonneau family. It was probably built in the 17th century perhaps at the site of an old house as it is located on one of the peaks at the end the peninsula.
The Chauvette House at 10 Rue de la Commanderie des Templiers (18th century)
A House at 27 Rue Edmond-Faulat (20th century)
A House at 6-8 Rue Edmond-Faulat (19th century)
The Charron House at 9 Rue Edmond-Faulat (17th century)
The Château de Formont (19th century) was a former noble house on one of the peaks of the end of the peninsula and is shown on the Belleyme map. The building may have been built in the early 18th century as indicated by the date it bore of 1723 which is now destroyed.
The Café Duthil at 11 Avenue de la Gare (19th century)
A House at 7 Rue Guillaume-Peychaud (18th century)
The Château du Gua (1866) was a former noble house of the Laroque, Donissan, and Pineau families. It was known early in the 15th century and mentioned on the Belleyme map. The house was completely destroyed and rebuilt in 1866.
The Le Gaès Farmhouse at 22 Avenue de la Libération (18th century)
The Rousseau House at 61 Avenue de la Libération (18th century)
A Wine Warehouse at 69 bis Avenue de la Libération (1837)
The former Covered Market / Town Hall at the Place du Maréchal-Leclerc (1836)
The Château Saint-Denis (17th century) was perhaps an ancient noble house but not listed as such on the Belleyme map. Probably built in the 17th century for the Pineau family according to a U-shaped plan (as amended). It was the property of the actor Louis Jouvet in 1930.
The Château Peychaud (17th century) was a lordship documented since the 16th century belonging to the Fayet family. The old castle was probably rebuilt in 1680 and in the early 18th century when it included the current building flanked to the north by agricultural areas.
The Château Bellevue (19th century) was probably rebuilt in the middle of the 19th century on the site of a former U-shaped house mentioned as Puymanot on the Belleyme map and the old Land Registry. It has been converted into a school since 1980.
The Château Durandeau (19th century) was a former noble house of the Rishon family shown on the Belleyme map. The building may have been built in the 17th century and rebuilt in the 18th century then extensively restored in the middle of the 19th century.
The Le Grain House at 32 Avenue du Roy (18th century)
The Beaujet House at 83 Avenue du Roy (18th century)
The Town Hall / School at Place de la Victoire (19th century)
The War Memorial at Place de la Victoire (1921)
A Monumental Column at Rue de la Vierge (1885)
Mills (18th century)
Winemakers' Huts (19th-20th century)
Houses, Manors, and Farms (18th-20th century)
Montferrand Marsh (17th century)

Religious heritage
The commune has several religious sites that are registered as historical monuments:
The Parish Church of Saint Pierre (11th century) The church contains a large number of items that are registered as historical objects.
The Chapel of Saint Denis (19th century)
The Cemetery at Rue Victor-Hugo (19th century)
The Presbytery at 3 Rue Victor-Hugo (18th century)
The former Church of the Templars Notre-Dame-de-la-Grave at Rue de la Vierge (12th century)
Monumental Crosses (19th century)

Picture Gallery

Sports
The Ambarésienne Sports Association (ASA) was founded in 1970 and is a sports association affiliated with the French Federation of Omnisports Clubs (FFCO). Its purpose is to provide sport for all. The ASA had more than 2,500 members and 23 sections in 2012.

Notable people linked to the commune
Members of the musical group Noir Désir recorded part of their debut album at Ambarès near La Blanche (water point) and one of the members of the group lives in Ambarès.
André Lignac, born in Ambarès and was deputy mayor of the town for over 50 years.
Marc Oraison (1914-1979), born in Ambarès, priest and doctor.

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

External links
Ambarès-et-Lagrave official website
Ambarès-et-Lagrave on the old National Geographic Institute website
Ambarésienne Sports Association official website
Ambarès-et-Lagrave on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Ambares and la Grave on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Gironde


Trévillers is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
The commune lies  northeast of Maîche between Belfort and Pontarlier. It is on the road to Switzerland.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Trévillers on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Aillas (; ) is a commune of the Gironde department in southwestern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Gironde department

References

Communes of Gironde


Trouvans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Trouvans lies  south of Rougemont in a small valley dominated by the Mont du Ciel (427 m).

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Trouvans on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Urtière is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department
 Debussy Bridge

References

Communes of Doubs


An intellectual property (IP) infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right. There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and trade secrets. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be one of the following:

 Copyright infringement, encompassing for example a software copyright infringement
 Patent infringement
 Trademark infringement
 Design infringement
 Cybersquatting

Identifying infringement
Techniques to detect (or deter) intellectual property infringement include:
 Fictitious entry, such as:
 Fictitious dictionary entry. An example is Esquivalience included in the New Oxford American Dictionary (NOAD)
 Trap street, a fictitious street included on a map for the purpose of "trapping" potential copyright violators of the map
 Watermarking

Designing around a patent can sometimes be a way to avoid infringing it.

Companies or individuals who infringe on intellectual property rights produce counterfeit or pirated products and services. An example of a counterfeit product is if a vendor were to place a well-known logo on a piece of clothing that said company did not produce. An example of a pirated product is if an individual were to distribute unauthorized copies of a DVD for a profit of their own. In such circumstances, the law has the right to punish. Companies may seek out remedies themselves, however, "Criminal sanctions are often warranted to ensure sufficient punishment and deterrence of wrongful activity".

See also
 Brand protection
 Code of non-infringement
 Allegations of intellectual property theft by China
 Saisie-contrefaçon, in France
 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

References

External links


Uzelle () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Vaire-Arcier () is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. The communes of Vaire-le-Grand and Arcier were merged on 1 March 1974 to become Vaire-Arcier. On 1 June 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vaire.

Population

See also
 Château de Vaire-Le-Grand, located in Vaire-Arcier
 Vaire-le-Petit, located on the north bank of the Doubs

References

Former communes of Doubs


Piano Sonata No. 7 may refer to:
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Beethoven)
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Mozart)
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Prokofiev)
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Scriabin)


Piano Sonata No. 6 may refer to:
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Beethoven)
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Feinberg)
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Mozart)
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Prokofiev)
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Scriabin)


Jennifer Sheila Uglow  (, born 1947) is an English biographer, historian, critic and publisher. She was an editorial director of Chatto & Windus. She has written critically acclaimed biographies of Elizabeth Gaskell, William Hogarth, Thomas Bewick, and Edward Lear, and a history and joint biography of the Lunar Society, among others, and has also compiled The Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography.

She won the 2002 James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the 2003 Hessell-Tiltman Prize for The Lunar Men: The Friends who Made the Future 1730–1810, and her works have twice been shortlisted for the Whitbread Prize. She is a past president of the Alliance of Literary Societies and has also chaired the Council of the Royal Society of Literature.

Personal life
Uglow was brought up in Cumbria and later Dorset. She attended Cheltenham Ladies' College (1958–64) and St Anne's College, University of Oxford. After gaining a first in English, she took a BLitt. In 1971, she married Steve Uglow, professor emeritus at the University of Kent; the couple have two sons and two daughters. As of 2015, Uglow lives at Canterbury in Kent.

Career

Uglow has worked in publishing since leaving university. Until 2013 she was editorial director of the publishing company Chatto & Windus, an imprint of Random House.

She is an honorary visiting professor at the University of Warwick, vice-president of the Gaskell Society and a trustee of the Wordsworth Trust. She was formerly a member of the British Library's Advisory Group for the Humanities.

Biographies
Uglow compiled an encyclopaedia of biographies of prominent women, first published in 1982; the work is currently in its fourth edition and contains more than 2,000 biographies, though later versions have involved other editors. Uglow later wrote:

Her first full-length biographies, depicting the Victorian women writers George Eliot (1987) and Elizabeth Gaskell (1993), continue her interest in documenting women and reflect her literary background. Gaskell scholar Angus Easson describes Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories as "the best current biography" of the author, and The Cambridge Companion to Elizabeth Gaskell refers to it as "authoritative".

Subsequent works have moved further into the past, with subjects including 18th century author Henry Fielding (1995), and artists William Hogarth (1997) and Thomas Bewick (2006). The scientists and engineers of the Lunar Society, including Erasmus Darwin, Matthew Boulton, James Watt, Joseph Priestley and Josiah Wedgwood, are the subject of her prize-winning work The Lunar Men (2003).

Uglow's biographies have been particularly praised for their vivid, detailed recreation of the time and place in which their subjects lived. "No one gives us the feel of past life as she does" writes A. S. Byatt of Nature's Engraver: A Life of Thomas Bewick, and a review of The Lunar Men in The Observer claims "never has the eighteenth century come so much to life." Reviewing Hogarth: A Life and a World, Peter Ackroyd wrote, "She depicts the city at first hand, almost as if she herself had been wandering through Hogarth's engravings." Frances Spalding considers Nature's Engraver to be "immeasurably enriched by Uglow's canny grasp of period detail." David Chandler, however, complains that "Uglow tends to amass detail on quotable detail, when sometimes one would like a little more taut synthesis, more interrogation of those details."

Uglow's depiction of scientific thought has also been praised; A. S. Byatt, for example, describes The Lunar Men as "full of [...] the real sense that scientific curiosity is as exciting as any 'artistic' pursuit." Her discussion of art has gained a more mixed reception. The New York Times art critic Michael Kimmelman complains that Uglow overvalues Hogarth's paintings and neglects his artistic associates in favour of his literary ones. On the other hand, Helen Macdonald, reviewing Nature's Engraver, considers that it is "in her descriptions of the physical process of artistic creation, and her musings on individual engravings, that Uglow is at her most energetic and fluid."

Other writing and editing
Uglow's non-biographical writing includes a history of gardening in Britain, written for the bicentenary of the Royal Horticultural Society in 2004, which Uglow describes as a "labour of love". She is also a reviewer for The Times Literary Supplement, The Sunday Times, The Guardian, The New York Review of Books and The Independent on Sunday.

Uglow has edited collections of writings by Walter Pater (1973) and Angela Carter (1997), as well as co-editing a set of essays about Charles Babbage (1997). She has also written introductions to several works by Elizabeth Gaskell.

Radio, television and film
Uglow presented The Poet of Albion, a BBC Radio 4 programme on William Blake, part of a series marking the 250th anniversary of the poet's birth; the programme emphasised Blake's radicalism. She has also twice appeared on the Radio 4 discussion programme, In Our Time. She acted as a historical consultant on several period dramas for the BBC, including Wives and Daughters (1999), Daniel Deronda (2002), He Knew He Was Right (2004), North and South (2004), Bleak House (2005) and Cranford (2007), as well as for the films Pride and Prejudice (2005) and Miss Potter (2006).

Awards and honours
The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future 1730–1810 won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography (2002), and the Hessell-Tiltman Prize for history of the International PEN (2003). Her biographies Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories and Hogarth: A Life and a World were both shortlisted for the Whitbread Prize for biography, and several of her books have reached the shortlist or longlist of the Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction. According to the charity Booktrust, Nature's Engraver: A Life of Thomas Bewick was the nonfiction work most often selected as "book of the year" by critics in 2006. In These Times, her study of the home front during the Napoleonic Wars, was shortlisted for the Duff Cooper Prize in 2014.

Uglow is a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. She is a past chair of its Council, and as of 2017, serves as one of its vice-presidents. She was awarded the society's Benson Medal in 2012. She has been awarded honorary degrees by the University of Birmingham, University of Kent, Staffordshire University and Birmingham City University. In 2008, she was awarded the OBE for services to literature and publishing. In 2010, she succeeded Aeronwy Thomas as president of the Alliance of Literary Societies.

For Mr Lear, Uglow was awarded with the Hawthornden Prize in 2018.

Bibliography

Books
Biographies and studies
George Eliot, Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 1987,
Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories, Faber & Faber, 1993,
Henry Fielding Northcote House Publishers, Limited, 1995,
Hogarth: A Life and a World, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997,
Dr Johnson, His Club and Other Friends, National Portrait Gallery, 1998,

Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography (later editions with Maggy Hendry; 4th edn; 2005)
; University of Chicago Press, 2009,
Words and Pictures: Writers, Artists and a Peculiarly British Tradition, Faber, 2008; Faber & Faber, 2011,

; Macmillan, 2013,

 U.S. edition: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015.
Mr. Lear: A Life of Art and Nonsense. London: Faber & Faber, Limited, 2017. First U.S. edition: New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2018. .
Sybil & Cyril: Cutting Through Time. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022. ISBN 9780374272128.

Other nonfiction
; Random House, 2012, ;

As editor
Walter Pater: Essays on Literature and Art (1973)
Shaking a Leg: Collected Writings (by Angela Carter) Chatto & Windus, 1997,
The Vintage Book of Ghosts (1997)
Cultural Babbage: Technology, Time and Invention (with Francis Spufford; 1997)

Articles

Jenny Uglow, "Stepping Out of Byron's Shadow" (review of Miranda Seymour, In Byron's Wake: The Turbulent Lives of Byron's Wife and Daughter: Annabella Milbanke and Ada Lovelace, Pegasus, 2018, 547 pp.; and[Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin, and Adrian Rice, Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist, Bodleian Library, 2018, 114 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXV, no. 18 (22 November 2018), pp. 30–32.

Critical studies and reviews of Uglow's work
In these times

———————
Notes

See also
Literature

References

External links
Jenny Uglow website

1947 births
Alumni of St Anne's College, Oxford
British women biographers
English biographers
English women writers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Social historians


Open education is an educational movement founded on openness, with connections to other educational movements such as critical pedagogy, and with an educational stance which favours widening participation and inclusiveness in society. Open education broadens access to the learning and training traditionally offered through formal education systems and is typically (but not necessarily) offered through online and distance education. The qualifier "open" refers to the elimination of barriers that can preclude both opportunities and recognition for participation in institution-based learning. One aspect of openness or "opening up" education is the development and adoption of open educational resources in support of open educational practices.

An example of an institutional practice in line with open education would be decreasing barriers to entry, for example, eliminating academic admission requirements. Universities which follow such practices include the Open University in Britain, Athabasca University and Thompson Rivers University, Open Learning in Canada and the Open University of Catalonia, in Spain, among many others (see full list here). Massive open online courses (MOOC) and OpenCourseWare are among the most recent and visible approaches to open education, adopted by universities worldwide. Although many MOOC's have free enrolment, the costs of acquiring a certification may be a barrier. Many open education institutes offer free certification schemes accredited by organizations like UKAS in the UK and ANAB in the United States; others offer a badge.

Origins of open education
Open education is part of a broader openness movement. It has origins, particularly in higher education, to the 17th century in the thinking of John Amos Comenius, who proposed open access to education as a core goal. Some authors have noted scholarly discussion of open education originating in the progressive pedagogy movements of early childhood education, related to the openness of teaching methods and the promotion of learner autonomy within and outside the classroom. Returning to openness in higher education, the postwar era of the 1960s and 1970s faced a "world-wide crisis in education" as education systems responded slowly to the demand for higher education in an era of scientific and economic prosperity requiring new models to meet the needs of a much larger and diversified group of lifelong learners. These conditions led to the establishment of open and distance education systems globally, which itself developed many innovative and progressive ideas of how to meet the educational needs of large and diverse learner populations. The establishment of open education today as a growing part of mainstream education, particularly in higher education, is directly linked to the development of open education universities beginning in the 1970s.

The interconnectedness of open education and scientific and economic progress is no coincidence. Openness in education is connected to the changing needs of societies, cultures, and economies, and in particular to the rapid evolution of digital and networked technologies. Technology, pedagogy, and related socioeconomic developments have a symbiotic relationship with open and distance education, including in the intellectual and theoretical foundations which define its practice.

The most recent emergence of open education is related to the ability to share resources on the web at little cost compared to the distribution of copy righted material common within higher education. Early examples of this are the OpenCourseWare program, established in 2002 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which was followed by more than 200 universities and organisations, and Connexions, established at Rice University in 1999, which transformed into OpenStax. Similar to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities from the Open Access movement, are the goals and intentions from open education specified in the Cape Town Open Education Declaration. MOOC is a more recent form of online course based on principles of openness which has gotten increasing attention since the early 2010's, exemplified by online platforms such edX, Coursera and Udacity.

Common features of open education

Open education is often considered an unequivocal good, part of a larger movement of openness in society (i.e. open knowledge, open government, open access, open data, open source, and open culture). However, critical approaches to open education have also been developed which underline differing perspectives and the need for a nuanced examination of the contexts of openness, a focus on issues of participation, power and social justice, a move beyond the binaries of open and closed as well as examining relationships between formal, non-formal and informal forms of open education and the relationships between teachers and learners. Openness in education is considered both a comprehensible and a contested term with multiple layers and dimensions. It can be characterised as an adaptive, flexible, and evolving concept. Advocates of openness in education argue that to fully realise the benefits of open education, there is a need to focus on open educational practices (OEP). By using OEP, open educators recognise the ubiquity of knowledge across networks and orchestrate learning that aims to promote learner agency, empowerment, and global civic participation. Likewise, there are other parallel movements in education which support openness, included networked learning, connected learning, and social technologies, among others.

Common features of open education in practice attempt to build opportunities for learners to:

 access education, open educational resources, open textbooks, and open scholarship
 collaborate with others, across the boundaries of institutions, institutional systems, and geographic locations
 create and co-create knowledge openly
 integrate formal and informal learning practices, networks, and identities

Theoretical foundations of open education

Open education is motivated by a belief that learners want to exercise agency in their studies, particularly from a lifelong learning perspective. Throughout its history, open education has been associated with multiple meanings: access, flexibility, equity, collaboration, agency, democratisation, social justice, transparency, and removing barriers. Researchers and practitioners in the field of open education have adopted generic educational theories such as social constructivism, behaviourism, and cognitivism, and then generated their own theoretical foundations following the emergence of open universities and the emergence of powerful and sophisticated digital technologies, such as networked learning or connectivism. Open education has also been influenced by the philosophy of openness, characterised by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration. Initial conceptualisations of open education were characterised by independent study, where learners are independent of time and space through asynchronous learning, but also independent in developing their own learning strategies and practices, focused on personalised learning and learner autonomy and agency.

More recently, theories which support open education have developed in line with the rapid evolution of networked digital technologies and the sophistication of social software. The community of inquiry (CoI) model proposed by Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) was developed to provide conceptual order and act as a heuristic tool for the use of computer-mediated communication in support of educational experiences, particularly relevant for online and open education. The CoI model argues that a meaningful online learning experience is created through a combination of and interaction between cognitive, social, and teaching presence.

A range of other theories and conceptual frameworks relate to open education, including connectivism which adopts a non-linear approach to learning, influenced by complexity theory, where communities of knowledge are formed through connections forged in a networked learning environment. Connectivism relates to openness through its emphasis on learner autonomy and agency and its use of OER. The study of self-determined learning, known as heutagogy also relates to open education, founded on the principles of self-efficacy and capability, meta-cognition and reflection, and non-linear learning. Self determined learning is often viewed as part of a continuum experience between pedagogy, andragogy and heutagogy, reflecting a shift from teacher-centred to learner-determined environments and activities. A learning ecologies framework supports open education through both a lifelong and lifewide learning perspective, which is learning in different places simultaneously across the multiple contexts one inhabits. A learning ecologies approach rests on the possibilities of new technologies in facilitating self-sustaining, interest-driven and boundary crossing learning, interrelated with the openness in education movement. A rhizomatic learning approach can also underlie forms of open education, characterised as an organic process where the curriculum is connected to the community and the learner navigates diversely connected learning environments by making links, negotiating the learning process, and adapting to change. In the most recent theoretical foundations of open education, including connectivism, heutagogy, and rhizomatic learning, openness arises from the learner-centred and non-linear design of learning contexts and resources and the promotion of learner agency and autonomy.

Technology utilized

Available technologies for open education are important in the overall efficiency of the program. They promote an absolute openness in the dissemination of education, eliminating barriers including, but not limited to, cost and access to free and relevant resources. After available technologies have been found, there need to be appropriate applications on the technologies for the specific online education program.

Since open education usually occurs at a different time and different place for most individuals across the world, certain technologies need to be utilized to enhance the program. These technologies are primarily online and serve a variety of purposes. Websites and other computer-based training may be used to provide lecture notes, assessments, and other course materials. Videos are provided and feature speakers, class events, topic discussions, and faculty interviews. YouTube and iTunesU are often used for this purpose. Students may interact through computer conferencing with Skype, e-mail, online study groups, or annotations on social bookmarking sites. Other course content may be provided through tapes, print, and CDs.

Governments, institutions, and people realize the importance of education. Human knowledge is crucial to producing competent leaders, innovators, and teachers. Educational systems must provide each individual the chance in building a better life. Technology has made the expansion of educational opportunities easier. Through the Internet, students can easily find information practically on any topic while mentors are capable of sharing their expertise with any student within seconds. Educational materials are disseminated to a global audience without additional costs. Evolving technology makes it possible for learners to interact with the global community in the comfort of their homes. Under distance learning, universities and colleges expand their impact through online courses that people in any country can take.

Open education includes resources such as practices and tools that are not hampered by financial, technical, and legal impediments. These resources are used and shared easily within the digital settings. Technology revolutionized techniques in sending receiving information on a daily basis particularly in education. Availability of web resources has transformed everything. Open education is founded on Open Educational Resources (OER) comprised or learning, teaching, and research sources. With Open Education, the costs of textbooks which surged over three times the rate of inflation for many years must not hinder education. Based on the NBC News review of the Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics data, prices of student books increased three times inflation rates from January 1977 until June 2015 reflecting an increase of 1,041 percent.

OER can possibly address this problem since materials are free online and economical in printed form. Resources intended for buying textbooks can be rechanneled towards technology, enhancing the medium of instructions, and lowering debt. Research studies also showed many students learn more because of their access to quality materials. Technology also has unlimited potentials in raising teaching and learning to a higher level.

Critical approaches to open education

There are a number of concerns regarding the implementation of open education systems, specifically for use in developing countries. These include a potential lack of administrative oversight and quality assurance systems for educators/materials in some programs, infrastructure limitations in developing countries, a lack of equal access to technologies required for students' full participation in online education initiatives, and questions regarding the use of copyrighted materials.

See also

 Free education
 Open educational practices
 Open educational resources
 Outline of open education
 Personalized learning
 Virginia Open Education Foundation

References

Education theory
Free culture movement
Educational technology
Philosophy of education


Rory Kostjasyn (born 6 June 1987) is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer. He played in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the Melbourne Storm and North Queensland Cowboys, with whom he was a member of their 2015 NRL premiership and 2016 World Club Challenge winning sides. An Ireland international and New South Wales Country representative, he played at , but could also fill in at , and . Kostjasyn currently works in the Newcastle Knights coaching department and previously coached their Canterbury Cup NSW team.

Background
Kostjasyn was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and grew up in Berkeley Vale on New South Wale's Central Coast. Of Russian and Irish descent, Kostjasyn's grandparents on his father's side are both from Russia.

He played his junior football for the Berkeley Vale Panthers, and was signed by the Sydney Roosters as a teenager, playing for their Jersey Flegg Cup side. While contracted to the Roosters, Kostjasyn played for their New South Wales Cup affiliate Newtown.

He played in the 2006 NSW Cup grand final for Newtown who were the Sydney Roosters feeder club at the time against Parramatta.  Newtown would lose the grand final 20-19 at Stadium Australia.

After not playing first grade at the Roosters, he signed with the Melbourne Storm for the 2010 season.

Playing career

2010
Kostjasyn made his first-team début for the Melbourne Storm against Harlequins RL at the Twickenham Stoop in the World City Challenge, the Storm's warm-up match before the 2010 World Club Challenge. He played again a week later against the Leeds Rhinos from the bench in the World Club Challenge.

Training with the first grade squad over that summer earned Kostjasyn a spot in the club's World Cup Challenge squad and a subsequent medal as part of the winning team. He was later signed by the club on a two-year-contract.

He then went on to make his National Rugby League début in the 2010 NRL season. He went on to play 7 games that season making his début in Round 1 of that season. He scored his first try for the club in Round 14 of the 2010 season.

2011
In 2011, Kostjasyn was a more regular member of the Melbourne team, playing 12 matches, starting in three of them. Known for his versatility, played games at five-eighth, hooker and lock in 2011.

2012
Kostjasyn played in 14 games in the 2012 NRL season, deputising for injured teammate Cooper Cronk in the halves at times. In Week One of the 2012 finals series against the South Sydney Rabbitohs, Kostjasyn made his first finals appearance. He was named 18th man for the Melbourne Storm in the 2012 Grand Final.

On 26 July 2012, Kostjasyn signed a two-year-deal with the North Queensland Cowboys for the 2013 and 2014 seasons.

2013
In 2013, Kostjasyn mainly played the  for the Cowboys, rotating with Ray Thompson. He made 20 appearances for North Queensland in 2013, including the semi-final against the Cronulla Sharks, which he started at hooker.

At the end of the season, he was named in Ireland's 24-man squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, playing 3 games in the tournament.

2014
In February, Kostjasyn played in the Cowboys' championship-winning Auckland Nines side. On 2 July, he re-signed with the North Queensland on another two-year-deal, keeping him with the Cowboys until 2016. He missed just one first grade game in 2014, due to broken ribs, starting 23 games at hooker.

2015
On 4 October, Kostjasyn was a member of the Cowboys' Grand Final winning side, coming off the bench in the side's 17–16 victory over the Brisbane Broncos. The Grand Final was his 100th NRL game.

2016
On 21 February, Kostjasyn was a member of the Cowboys' World Club Challenge winning side, coming off the bench in the side's 38–4 victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Headingley Stadium. He played 26 games in his final season at the Cowboys and represented Country Origin for the first time in May. In October, he signed a 2-year contract with the Newcastle Knights starting in 2017.

2017
During pre-season training with the Knights on 7 January, Kostjasyn suffered an accidental blow to his throat from Danny Levi. He was required to be sent immediately to the John Hunter Hospital after suffering a fracture in the Cricoid cartilage in his neck. He stayed overnight in hospital and was released on 8 January. On 25 July, he announced his retirement from rugby league due to breathing difficulties from the injury.

2018
In 2018, Kostjasyn became the coach of the Newcastle Knights reserve grade side.

Achievements and accolades

Team
2010 World Club Challenge: Melbourne Storm – Winners*
2014 NRL Auckland Nines: North Queensland Cowboys – Winners
2015 NRL Grand Final: North Queensland Cowboys – Winners
2016 World Club Challenge: North Queensland Cowboys – Winners

Statistics

NRL
 Statistics are correct to the end of the 2015 season

International

References

External links
Newcastle Knights profile
NRL profile

1987 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Russian descent
Ireland national rugby league team players
Irish rugby league players
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
Melbourne Storm players
North Queensland Cowboys players
Mackay Cutters players
Newtown Jets NSW Cup players
Rugby league utility players
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league locks
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league players from Sydney


Negba () is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the northern Negev desert near the cities of Kiryat Malakhi and Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

The name of the kibbutz is based on a verse in the Book of Genesis (13:14), where God commands Abraham to cast his eyes and travel throughout the land of Israel, toward the north, south, east and west. The word "negba" means "southward" in Biblical Hebrew.

History

Foundation
Kibbutz Negba was founded on 12 July 1939 as part of the tower and stockade enterprise. The first settlers were members of Hashomer Hatzair from Poland. It was the southernmost Jewish settlement in Mandatory Palestine.

Battle for Negba, 1948

In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Israeli military engaged in many battles with Egypt. When the Egyptians invaded on 15 May 1948, their forces advanced and captured the police station, Iraq-Suweidan, a Tegart fort named after the nearby Arab village, that controlled the route to the Negev. Aside from the police station, the Egyptians seized Arab villages near the kibbutz, from which they attacked Jewish vehicles travelling on the roads from Ashkelon to Hebron and Jerusalem.

The kibbutz was destroyed in the heavy fighting which went on for three months. On 9 November 1948, after the defeat of the Egyptian army in Operation Yoav, the police station was captured by the Israel Defense Forces.

A memorial to the fallen soldiers was constructed next to the military cemetery: a man and a woman from the kibbutz with a fighting soldier.  Next to the memorial statue stands an Egyptian tank. The kibbutz water tower, pockmarked with bullet holes, is a testimony to the fierce battle.

Gallery

Economy
The kibbutz economy is based on poultry, cattle, orchards, vegetables and two factories. It also has a history museum featuring a reconstructed model of the tower and stockade settlements. Negba, along with Sde Yoav, operate Hamei Yoav, a spa with hot springs and thermo-mineral baths.

Under a new financial arrangement, members who left the kibbutz are able to return as "economically independent members." They live in residences registered in their own name and are partners with equal rights and obligations in the communal element of the kibbutz (education, culture, welfare and infrastructure) but not in the productive assets (agriculture, industrial enterprises and shares in the dairy cooperative Tnuva).

Geography

Climate

Notable residents
Yossi Peled (born 1941), Israeli general and politician
Anat Maor (born 1945), Israeli politician
Avshalom Vilan (born 1951), Israeli politician and economist

References

External links
Official website

Kibbutzim
Kibbutz Movement
Populated places established in 1939
1939 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Populated places in Southern District (Israel)


Just a Little Lovin' is a 2008 Dusty Springfield tribute album by Shelby Lynne.

Just a Little Lovin' may also refer to:

 "Just a Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long Way)", a 1948 song by Eddy Arnold
 "Just a Little Lovin, a 1968 song by Dusty Springfield from Dusty in Memphis, covered by several performers
 [[Just a Little Lovin' (Carmen McRae album)|Just a Little Lovin''' (Carmen McRae album)]], 1970
 "Just a Little Lovin, a song by Carmen Electra from Carmen Electra''


Frank-Paul Nu'uausala (born 13 February 1987), also known by the nicknames of "Frank Paul the Wrecking Ball" or "Frank the tank", is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A New Zealand international representative forward, Nu'uausala most notably played for the Sydney Roosters with whom he won the 2013 NRL Premiership.

Background
Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Nu'uausala comes from a large family of 6 sisters and 6 brothers, he is the fifth eldest and is of Chinese, Samoan and Solomon Islander descent.

Nu'uausala has played rugby league since the age of 5, originally with Mangere East Hawks. Nu'uausala played for the Otahuhu-Ellerslie Leopards in the 2004 Bartercard Cup and toured England with New Zealand 'A'. Nu'uausala was signed by the New Zealand Warriors when he was 14 and played in their lower grades until 2006 when he was cut by incoming coach Ivan Cleary. Nu'uausala later signed with the Sydney Roosters.

Playing career

2007
In round 7 of the 2007 NRL season against the Parramatta Eels, Nu’uausala made his NRL debut for the Sydney Roosters of the interchange bench in the Roosters 16-36 loss at SFS. Nu’uausala finished his debut year in the NRL with him playing in 3 matches for the Roosters in the 2007 NRL season.

2008
In round 5 against the Penrith Panthers, Nu’uausala first match for the Roosters in 2008, scoring his first NRL career try in the Roosters 28-12 win at Penrith Stadium. Nu’uausala finished the 2008 NRL season with him playing 11 matches and scoring a try for the Roosters.

2009
Nu’uausala cemented a spot in the forwards in the Roosters squad playing in 24 matches for the Roosters in the 2009 NRL season as the club finished last on the table for the first time since 1966. Nu'uausala was named in the New Zealand national rugby league team squad for the 2009 Four Nations. Nu'uausala made his international test debut against Australia, scoring a try in the 20-20 draw against Australia at The Stoop.

2010
For the 2010 Anzac Test, Nu'uausala was selected to play for New Zealand at  in the Kiwis 12-8 loss against Australia at AAMI Park. In Round 12 against the Gold Coast Titans, Nu’uausala scored a double in the Roosters 30-16 win at Robina Stadium. On 3 October 2010, in the Roosters 2010 NRL Grand Final against the St George Illawarra Dragons, Nu’uausala played off the interchange bench in the Roosters 32-8 loss. Nu’uausala finished the 2010 NRL season with him playing in all the Roosters 28 matches and scoring 7 tries. On 5 October 2010, Nu’uausala was selected in the New Zealand 2010 Four Nations squad, playing in 4 matches including playing the interchange bench in the Kiwis 16-12 Four Nations Final victory over Australia at Suncorp Stadium.

2011
Nu’uausala finished the 2011 NRL season with him playing in 19 matches and scoring 4 tries for the Roosters as the club missed out on the finals after finishing 11th on the table.

2012
Nu’uausala finished the 2012 NRL season with him playing in 19 matches and scoring 2 tries for the Roosters as the side missed out on the finals for a second consecutive year.

2013
On 9 July 2013, Nu’uausala extended his contract for a further two years, keeping him at the club till the end of the 2015 NRL season. On 6 October 2013, Nu'uausala won the 2013 NRL Grand Final with the Roosters. Nu’uausala finished the 2013 NRL season with playing in 23 matches for the Roosters. Nu'uausala was selected in the New Zealand 2013 World Cup squad, playing in 5 matches and scoring 3 tries including in a double in the Kiwis 48-0 victory over France at Parc des Sports. Nu'uausala played off the interchange bench in the Kiwis 34-2 loss to Australia in the World Cup final at Old Trafford.

2014
In the Roosters 2014 World Club Challenge match against 2013 Super League champions the Wigan Warriors, Nu’uausala played at  in the Roosters 36-14 victory SFS. In Round 25 against the Melbourne Storm at SFS, Nu’uausala played up his 150th NRL career match in the Roosters 24-12 win. Nu’uausala finished off the 2014 NRL season with him playing in 26 matches and scoring a try for the Roosters. On 3 December 2014, Nu'uausala signed a three-year contract with the Canberra Raiders starting in 2015 after being released from the final year of his Roosters contract.

2015
In round 1 of the 2015 NRL season against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Nu’uausala made his club debut for the Canberra Raiders off the interchange bench in the Raiders 24-20 win at Remondis Stadium. In Round 7 against the Wests Tigers, he scored his first try for the Raiders in their 30-22 comeback win at Leichhardt Oval. He finished off his first season with the Raiders having played in all 24 matches and scoring 1 try.

2016
On 24 June 2016, it was announced that Nu’uausala signed a three-year deal with the Wigan Warriors in the Super League. Nu’uausala joined the club with immediate effect and is expected to arrive in the next few weeks once he receives his visa. Wigan coach Shaun Wane said: "Frank-Paul is exactly the kind of player we want at Wigan". "He's a very tough player who really throws himself into the action and is used to winning". "He's also very experienced having played in the World Cup final, the Australian Grand Final and the World Club Challenge". "We’ve not had much luck with injuries this year and this signing is exactly the kind of boost we need, at this time, as we look to mount a serious challenge for trophies". "The Wigan fans are really going to enjoy watching Frank-Paul play for us." Nuuausala said: "I’ve achieved everything that I can in my career in the NRL and, whilst still in my prime as a prop-forward, want to experience the challenge of Super League. "It would be great to win the Grand Final over there as well and the Challenge Cup at Wembley and joining a strong and successful club like Wigan gives me that best opportunity. "I’m looking forward to pulling on the famous cherry-and-white jersey for the first time and playing in the uniquely passionate environment of rugby league in England." Nu’uausala played in 7 matches for the Raiders in the 2016 NRL season. On his home debut for the Warriors he was sin-binned against their old rivals St Helens which immediately made him a crowd favourite.

His running game and powerful tackles helped Wigan lift the 2016 Super League Grand Final trophy with victory over the Warrington Wolves at Old Trafford.

2017
Nu'uausala starred in the World Club Championship win over the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks becoming one of only a handful of players who have won the trophy with two clubs in England and Australia.

He played in the 2017 Challenge Cup Final defeat by Hull F.C. at Wembley Stadium.

2018
Nu'uausala re-joined the Sydney Roosters on a one year deal after being released from his contract at Wigan.  On 22 August, it was announced that Nu'uausala would be retiring at the end of the 2018 season.

References

External links
Wigan Warriors profile
NRL profile

1987 births
New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
New Zealand people of Chinese descent
New Zealand people of Solomon Islands descent
New Zealand national rugby league team players
Canberra Raiders players
Sydney Roosters players
Newtown Jets NSW Cup players
Mangere East Hawks players
Otahuhu Leopards players
Rugby league props
Rugby league locks
New Zealand expatriate rugby league players
Expatriate rugby league players in Australia
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Rugby league players from Auckland
People educated at De La Salle College, Māngere East
Living people


Steve Meredith (born 26 August 1985 in Samoa) is a former professional Samoan rugby league player, who last played with the Windsor Wolves in the NSW Cup.

Career
Meredith played in the Sydney Roosters Jersey Flegg Grand final winning team in 2002. He was selected for the Australian Schoolboys Team in 2003 and the NSW u/19 State Of Origin team in 2004.

Meredith played in the Sydney Roosters Premier League grand final winning team in 2004 and also
played in 2005 Premier League Grand final for the club. In 2005, Meredith made his test debut for Samoa against Tonga.  In round 6 of the 2006 NRL season, he made his NRL debut for the Sydney Roosters against Brisbane.  He suffered a season ending knee injury of the match which the club lost 24–6.

In 2008, he played for Newtown in their NSW Cup grand final loss to Wentworthville. The match is the longest in rugby league history with the game going over 100 minutes.

It was announced on Penrith's official website forum on 2 January 2009 that Meredith had signed to play with the Windsor Wolves for that season and would also train for three months with the Penrith team.

References

External links
Sydney Roosters profile

1985 births
Samoan rugby league players
Sydney Roosters players
Newtown Jets NSW Cup players
Windsor Wolves players
Rugby league props
Samoan emigrants to Australia
Living people


The Diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church, located in the city of Ciudad Rodrigo in the ecclesiastical province of Valladolid.

Foundation
The origins of the diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo have been studied in depth in two papers by Fidel Fita. The exact date when the town was conquered is unknown, but it was purchased by the citizens of Salamanca about 1135. They controlled it until 1161, when it was annexed to the royal domain by king Ferdinand II, who built a castle for the defence of the frontier and founded the diocese as well as two monasteries. The move provoked hostility: the Salamancans revolted in 1162 and Portugal, threatened by a new royal fortress so near its border, invaded in 1163.

When Ferdinand II founded the diocese in 1161, he claimed only to be re-establishing the ancient diocese of Caliabria, the location of which was in fact unknown. On 13 February Ferdinand issued a charter (called the fuero eclesiástico) for the new diocese, in which he gave the metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela full authority to appoint the bishop without reference to the cathedral chapter. The king did not consult the pope, Alexander III, who showed he was displeased by the fuero in a bull of 1175. By that time it may have even been allowed to lapse, since a further royal charter of 20 September 1168 does not mention the special provision of 1161. It is uncertain how the first bishop, Domingo, came into his office, or even when. He is not recorded in any document before 1168 and he was dead by 1172 or 1173. Of the early bishops, only Pedro de Ponte is well known. Martín (1190–1211) and Lombardo (1214–27) are known only from the witness lists of royal charters and from Martín's stint as a papal judge-delegate.

The Almohads attacked the city (Alsibdat in Arabic sources) in 1174, the same year that a dispute over the boundary between the diocese of Ciudad Rodrigo and that of Salamanca was settled. The diocese was bounded to the north and east by the rivers Huebra, Yeltes and Duero. Its southern frontier was desolate and extended to the diocese of Coria. To its west lay Portugal.

Leadership
Domingo (1161×68 – 1172×73)
Pedro de Ponte (1174–1189)
Martín (1190–1211)
Lombardo (1214–1227)
Miguel (1227–1245)
Pedro II (1245–1251)
Leonardo (1252–1259)
Domingo Martín (1263–1274)
Pedro III (1274–1284)
Antonio (1285–1300)
Alfonso (1300–1314)
Bernardo (?–1324)
Juan I (1324–?)
Juan II (?–1339)
Alfonso III (1344–1371)
Rodrigo (1384–1391)
Gonçalo Gonçalves (Apostolic Administrator 1403–1408)
André Dias de Escobar, O.S.B. (25 May 1410 – 4 Sep 1422 Appointed, Bishop of Ajaccio)
Alfonso V (? – 1429?)
Sante (Sancho) (19 Mar 1431 – 14 Jan 1433 Appointed, Bishop of Minervino Murge)
Alfonso Sánchez de Valladolid (1433–1455)
Alfonso de Palenzuela (1460–1469)
Alfonso de Paradinas (20 Oct 1469 – 15 Oct 1485 Died)
Pedro Beltrán (1485–1487 Appointed, Bishop of Tui)
Diego de Muros (Moiras), O.Merc. (1 Jun 1487 – 1492 Died)
Juan Ortega Bravo de la Laguna (23 Jan 1493 – 6 Sep 1499 Appointed, Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada)
Diego de Peralta (1499–1501 Died)
Valeriano Ordóñez Villaquirán (24 Sep 1501 – 22 Dec 1508 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Francisco Bobadilla (22 Jan 1509 – 18 Nov 1510 Appointed, Bishop of Salamanca).
Francisco Ruiz (bishop), O.F.M. (18 Nov 1509 – 14 Jul 1514 Appointed, Bishop of Ávila)
Juan Pardo Tavera (14 Jul 1514 – 31 Dec 1523 Appointed, Bishop of Osma)
Pedro Portocarrero (archbishop) (31 Dec 1523 – 26 Jun 1525 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Gonzalo Maldonado (bishop) (3 Jul 1525 – 29 Jun 1530 Died)
Pedro Fernández Manrique (14 Dec 1530 – 11 Apr 1537 Appointed Bishop of Córdoba)
Pedro Pacheco de Villena (Ladrón de Guevara) (11 Apr 1537 – 21 May 1539 Appointed, Bishop of Pamplona)
Antonio Ramírez de Haro (18 Aug 1539 – 27 Jun 1541 Appointed, Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada)
Francisco de Navarra y Hualde (22 May 1542 – 14 Dec 1545 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Juan Aceres (8 Jan 1546 – 31 Jul 1549 Died)
Pedro Ponce de León (bishop of Plasencia) (27 Jun 1550 – 26 Jan 1560 Appointed, Bishop of Plasencia)
Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva (26 Jan 1560 – 25 Oct 1564 Appointed, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Segovia)
Diego de Simancas (15 Dec 1564 – 3 Dec 1568 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Andrés Pérez (bishop) (10 Dec 1568 – 1583 Died)
Pedro Vélez Guevara (9 Jan 1584 – 1585 Died)
Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas (8 Jan 1586 – 16 Mar 1588 Appointed, Bishop of Pamplona)
Pedro Maldonado (23 Mar 1588 – 1591 Died)
Martín de Salvatierra (15 May 1591 – 1604 Died)
Pedro Ponce de Léon (bishop of Zamora) (31 Aug 1605 Appointed – 29 Mar 1610 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Antonio Idiáquez Manrique (26 May 1610 – 4 Feb 1613 Appointed, Bishop of Segovia)
Jerónimo Ruiz Camargo (12 Aug 1613 – 23 May 1622 Appointed, Bishop of Coria)
Francisco de Arriba (5 Sep 1622 – 1623 Died)
Agustín Antolínez, O.S.A. (10 May 1623 – 1 Jul 1624 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Martín Fernández Portocarrero (19 Jul 1624 – 1625 Died)
Juan de la Torre Ayala (7 Jan 1626 – 13 Jun 1638 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Francisco Diego Alarcón y Covarrubias  (11 Apr 1639 – 18 Oct 1645 Appointed, Bishop of Salamanca)
Juan Pérez Delgado (3 Dec 1646 – 11 Oct 1655 Confirmed, Bishop of Salamanca)
Diego de Tejada y la Guardia (31 Jan 1656 – 6 May 1658 Appointed, Bishop of Pamplona)
Diego Riquelme y Quirós (2 Dec 1658 – 19 Dec 1661 Confirmed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Antonio Rodríguez Castañon (13 Feb 1662 – 7 Mar 1667 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Miguel de Cárdenas, O. Carm. (18 Jul 1667 Appointed – 22 Feb 1671 Died)
Alfonso Bernardo de los Ríos y Guzmán, O.SS.T. (16 Nov 1671 – 13 Sep 1677 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Juan de Andaya y Sotomayor (10 Jan 1678 – 13 Nov 1678 Died)
Sebastián Catalán (17 Jul 1679 – Sep 1687 Died)
José González Blázquez, O. de M. (31 May 1688 – 24 Jan 1695 Appointed, Bishop of Plasencia)
Francisco Manuel de Zúñiga Sotomayor y Mendoza, O.S.A. (21 Mar 1695 – 14 Dec 1712 Died)
José Díez Santos de San Pedro (28 May 1714 – 24 Oct 1719 Died)
Gregorio Tellez, O.F.M. Conv. (3 Feb 1721 – 2 Mar 1738 Retired)
Clemente Comenge Avio (3 Mar 1738 – 12 Dec 1747 Died)
Pedro Gómez de la Torre (2 Dec 1748 – 24 May 1756 Appointed, Bishop of Plasencia)
José Francisco Biguezal (24 May 1756 – 2 Dec 1762 Died)
Cayetano Antonio Cuadrillero Mota (18 Jul 1763 – 15 Dec 1777 Appointed, Bishop of León)
Agustín de Alvarado y Castillo (14 Dec 1778 – 21 Jul 1781 Died)
Ildefonso Molina y Santaella (17 Feb 1783 – 4 Dec 1784 Died)
Benito de Uría y Valdés, O.S.B. (26 Sep 1785 – 23 Jul 1810 Died)
Pedro Manuel Ramírez de la Piscina (19 Dec 1814 – 21 Aug 1835 Died)
Jesús Enciso Viana (2 Feb 1950 – 30 May 1955 Appointed, Bishop of Mallorca)
José Bascuñana y López (11 Jun 1955 – 20 May 1964 Appointed, Bishop of Solsona)
Demetrio Mansilla Reoyo (7 Jul 1964 – 7 Jan 1988 Retired)
Antonio Ceballos Atienza (7 Jan 1988 – 10 Dec 1993 Appointed, Bishop of Cádiz y Ceuta)
Julián López Martín (15 Jul 1994 – 19 Mar 2002 Appointed, Bishop of León)
Atilano Rodríguez Martínez (26 Feb 2003 – 2 Feb 2011 Appointed, Bishop of Sigüenza-Guadalajara)
Raul Cecilio Berzosa Martinez (2 Feb 2011 – 16 Jan 2019 Resigned; formerly, Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oviedo)
José Luis Retana Gozalo (15 Nov 2021 – present; formerly, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Plasencia)

Notes

Sources
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Religious organizations established in the 1160s
Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 12th century
1161 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in the Kingdom of León


Vaire-le-Petit () is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 June 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vaire.

Population

See also
 Vaire-Arcier, on the opposite side of the river Doubs

References

Former communes of Doubs


Valdahon () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Doubs


Val-de-Roulans () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

Communes of Doubs


Riley Brown (born 15 October 1984) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Gold Coast Titans in the National Rugby League (NRL). He primarily played as a Hooker.

Background
Brown was born in Bundaberg, Queensland.  He was raised in the town of Singleton, New South Wales where, at 17 years of age, he represented Singleton Greyhounds at first team level.

Playing career
Brown made his NRL debut on 4 April 2004, for the Newcastle Knights against the St George Illawarra Dragons at WIN Stadium.  Brown made seven appearances for Newcastle the following season as the club finished last on the table claiming the wooden spoon.

After playing 40 games for the Newcastle club, Brown was told to look elsewhere after coach Brian Smith's clean-out midway through the 2007 season. Brown was signed by the Sydney Roosters for the 2008 season.

In his first game for the Sydney Roosters, Brown infamously injured South Sydney player Craig Wing in the 8th minute of the match with a shoulder charge into Wing's back while Wing was being held up by two other players. Brown was not charged over the incident.

Brown broke his arm in the Roosters' 2008 qualifying final loss to the Brisbane Broncos. He did not return to first grade until round 21 of the 2009 NRL season.  Brown made a total of six appearances in 2009 as the Sydney Roosters had a horrid season on the field finishing with the wooden spoon.

Brown joined the Gold Coast Titans in 2010.  Brown's last game in first grade was a 16–12 loss against Manly in Round 10 2011.  At the end of 2011, Brown was released from the club as the Gold Coast finished with the wooden spoon.  It was the players third wooden spoon in his career.

Personal life
On 2 June 2000, Brown's mother Judith was murdered in her Anna Bay home. Brown's father, Ross, was convicted of the crime but Brown believes that his father is innocent.

References

External links
NRL profile
 Sydney Roosters Profile

1984 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Cessnock Goannas players
Gold Coast Titans players
Newcastle Knights players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Bundaberg
Rugby league second-rows
Sydney Roosters players
People from Singleton, New South Wales


Valentigney () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Valentigney is best known as the place where Peugeot began operations; several members of the Peugeot family still live in the area.

During the 19th century and into the early 20th century, many Montbeliardaise from Valentigney and neighboring areas immigrated to northwest Ohio, particularly Williams County.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Official website

Communes of Doubs
County of Montbéliard


Valleroy () is a commune in the Doubs département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Valleroy lies  from Devecey.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Valleroy on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs


Valonne () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Geography
Valonne lies  from Pont-de-Roide. On the south is the valley of the Barbèche, and on the north the massif of Lomont, which rises to 850 m. From the heights, there is a splendid view toward the department of Haute-Saône, the Vosges Mountains, the Pays de Montbéliard, and Alsace. In the other direction, one can see the Jura mountains, and on a clear day, the Alps.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Doubs department

References

External links

 Valonne on the regional Web site

Communes of Doubs