The Cathedral of the Transfiguration is a Catholic former cathedral and current parish of the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ, first of the Slovak Greek Catholic Church and currently of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. The cathedral, in Markham, Ontario, just north of Toronto, is the centrepiece and namesake of Cathedraltown near Victoria Square, an unincorporated hamlet.

History

The cathedral is on land once part of Romandale Farms Inc., founded by the late Stephen B. Roman, a leading breeder and exhibitor of Holstein cows and the founder of Denison Mines Limited, a mining company. Mr. Roman, who arrived in Canada in 1937 from his native Slovakia, donated the land for the cathedral, which "he built as a beacon of religious freedom" for his fellow Slavs then living under Soviet oppression. Mr. Roman modelled the cathedral on the church in Veľký Ruskov (now Nový Ruskov), the Slovak village he was raised in.

Construction of the cathedral began in early 1984, and the cornerstone and altar stone were blessed by Pope John Paul II during his visit to Canada in September 1984, marking the first time that a Roman Pontiff had consecrated a church in North America. The cathedral, which is owned and administered by the Slovak Greek Catholic Church Foundation, was built to serve Slovak Catholics throughout the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and until 2006, it was the seat of the Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Saints Cyril and Methodius.

Mr. Roman died in 1988 and did not see the cathedral completed. His funeral service was held in the partially completed structure, with 1,600 people in attendance.

Václav Havel, the first president of a democratic Czechoslovakia, following the fall of the Communist regime, visited the cathedral in 1990.

The exterior of the cathedral was used in the 1995 movie In the Mouth of Madness, where it portrayed the Black Church located in Hobb's End. It can also be seen on some of the posters promoting the film. It was also featured in the 2013 Canadian independent film "Rearview" written and directed by Robert Gulassarian.

Following a dispute with the Slovak Greek Catholic Church Foundation, the Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Saints Cyril moved its seat to a church in Toronto. From 2006 to 2016, the cathedral was closed to the public while extensive interior work was carried out. Although work still remained to be done on the interior, in November 2016, the City of Markham issued a temporary occupancy permit to allow Jesus the King Melkite Greek Catholic Church to use the cathedral as a place of worship.

Design

The cathedral has three gilded towers, representing the Trinity. The centre tower, named the Tower of the Transfiguration, rises 64 m (210 feet). It contains one of the world's largest peals of three bells, weighing 14,500 kg (32,000 pounds). The bells were cast in bronze at the Fonderie Paccard in the French town of Annecy and hung in the cathedral in 1986. Each of the cathedral's side towers is 45 m (148 feet) tall.

The cathedral contains a 25-metre-wide (82-foot) mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, which occupies the entire dome of the cathedral, and a mosaic of the Virgin Mary, which covers the curved wall of the apse. In 2017, mosaics were installed in the circle under the dome and in the pendentives, which connect the dome to its four supporting pillars. While reflecting biblical themes, the content of the mosaics differs from traditional renderings. In addition to the 13 Apostles, the mosaics in the circle also contain images of St. Mary Magdalene; a French saint, St. Madeline Sophie Barat, founder of Les Religieuses du Sacré-Cœur; and two Canadian saints, St. Kateri Tekakwitha and St. Brother André of Montreal. The mosaics in the pendentives, containing biblical manifestations of the four Evangelists, replace the traditional images of a lioness, eagle and ox with the more Canadian wolverine, peregrine falcon and cow, respectively.

The cathedral also features a restored Casavant Frères concert organ.

See also
Slovak Catholic Eparchy of Saints Cyril and Methodius of Toronto
Slovak Greek Catholic Church
John Carpenter's In the Mouth of Madness

References

Newspaper reports
"Thousands attend as new cathedral's giant bells blessed." The Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa: Aug 16, 1986. pg. A.23
"Church at the centre; A European-style community will take shape around golden-domed Byzantine Slovak cathedral Built by magnate with grand vision" by Pat Brennan. Toronto Star. Toronto: Apr 17, 2004. pg. M.01
"Eparchy site in Markham Roman reticent about role in constructing cathedral" Kelley Teahen. The Globe and Mail. Toronto: Oct 26, 1985. pg. A.21
"Progress slow on Byzantine shrine Hundreds worship in unfinished cathedral" Caroline Byrne. Toronto Star. Toronto: Jul 3, 1989. pg. A.6

External links

Slovak Cathedral of Transfiguration
List of Cathedrals in Canada
Photo
Great Bells
Urban Toronto, Globe and Mail story
Toronto Seeker short 2009 article with photo
National Post story

Eastern Catholic cathedrals in Canada
Buildings and structures in Markham, Ontario
Churches in Ontario
Church buildings with domes
Tourist attractions in Markham, Ontario
Slovak Canadian
Year of establishment missing
Neo-Byzantine architecture
Slovak Greek Catholic cathedrals
Catholic cathedrals in Ontario
Terminating vistas in Canada


Dr Pamela Tudor-Craig, Lady Wedgwood FSA (née Wynn-Reeves; 26 June 1928 – 5 December 2017) was a British medieval art historian.

Personal life
Pamela Wynn-Reeves was born on 26 June 1928 in Golders Green, London. Her parents were Herbert Wynn-Reeves, a conductor, and Madeline Marion Wynn-Reeves, née Brows. She was home schooled until the age of 11 and then attended a convent school.

She married James Tudor-Craig, son of Sir Algernon Tudor-Craig in 1956; they had one daughter, the artist Lil Tudor-Craig.

Pamela Tudor-Craig was widowed in 1969 and in 1982 she married Sir John Wedgwood, Bt., of the Wedgwood pottery family. They lived in Little Gidding, Cambridgeshire. She was widowed for a second time in 1989 and moved to Lewes, East Sussex.

She died on 5 December 2017 from pulmonary fibrosis, aged 89.

Career

Academic career
Tudor-Craig was educated at the Courtauld Institute of Art, gaining a BA in 1949 and a PhD in 1952.  Her PhD was on English stiff-leaf sculpture.

She was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1958 and served on its council between 1989 and 1992. She was determined to catalogue their entire collection of paintings, a task that took nearly six decades, helped by Bernard Nurse, Jill Franklin and other fellows. In 2015, she was awarded the Society of Antiquaries medal for outstanding service.

In the 1980s, Tudor-Craig taught at Harlaxton College in Lincolnshire, and founded the annual Harlaxton Medieval Symposium in 1984.  She also taught at the United States International University (USIU) in London which had locations at Dropmore Park, Berkshire and later at Ashdown Park in East Sussex. While teaching at USIU she arranged private tours for the students of many great buildings including Blenheim Palace and St Paul's Cathedral in London.

William Jewell College awarded her an honorary doctorate in 1983.

She was the curator of the exhibition Richard III at the National Portrait Gallery in 1973. She believed that the accepted image of Richard III as a villain was as a result of Tudor efforts to rebrand him, and showed that some of his portraits had been altered by 'Tudor propaganda'. Roy Strong, the gallery's director at the time, said that the exhibition was "the event of the year".

Television career
Outside of academia she is best known for her contribution to the 1986 TV series The Secret Life of Paintings and the accompanying book of the same name, co-authored with Richard Foster.

Tudor-Craig also participated in the BBC's 1976 series Second Verdict and ITV's 1984 production The Trial of Richard III.

Church conservation work
She was a committed Christian and worked for the conservation and upkeep of churches. She sat on cathedral committees, including Wells; and was chair of the Sussex Historic Churches Trust from 2002 to 2010, following which she was elected Honorary President and Life Fellow.

Photography
Photographs by Tudor-Craig are held in the Conway Library at the Courtauld Institute of Art and are currently being digitised.

Bibliography
Tudor-Craig, P., 1956. Medieval Paintings from Norwich. Victoria and Albert Museum.

Tudor-Craig, P.,1973. Richard III. National Portrait Gallery.

Tudor-Craig, P., 1976. One Half of Our Noblest Art: Study of the Sculptures of Wells West Front. Friends of Wells Cathedral.

Tudor-Craig, P., Beard, G., Girouard, M., Wainwright, C., 1984. Harlaxton Manor. Harlaxton College and Jarrold Colour Publications.

Tudor- Craig, P., Foster, R., 1986. The Secret Life of Paintings. Boydell Press.

Tudor-Craig, P., Wilson, J.P.,  Gem, C.R., 1986. Westminster Abbey. Bell and Hyman.

Tudor-Craig, P., Ollard, R. L., Wedgwood, C.V., 1986. For Veronica Wedgwood These: Studies in Seventeenth-century History. HarperCollins.

Tudor-Craig, P., Hunting, P., 2004. Old St Paul’s: The Society of Antiquaries’ Diptych, 1616. London Topographical Society.

Tudor-Craig, P., Franklin, J.A., Nurse, B., 2015. Catalogue of Paintings in the Collection of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Harvey Miller Publishers.

References

Who's Who

1928 births
2017 deaths
British art historians
Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Wives of baronets
Women art historians
British women historians
British women curators
People from Golders Green


The first series of The Restaurant was broadcast in the United Kingdom from 29 August to 17 October in 2007. The programme aired on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 8 pm on BBC Two, over a total of fifteen episodes. It marked the start of a three-series run for the concept.

This show is airing as Last Restaurant Standing in the US on BBC America from February to May 2008.

The winners, Jeremy and Jane Hooper, beat eight other couples to win the chance to set up their own restaurant backed by French chef and restaurateur Raymond Blanc. The couple ran their restaurant, Eight at the Thatch, at Thame, Oxfordshire from November 2007 until May 2008.

Contestants

Chris and Jade are a couple from Edinburgh. Both were studying hospitality management at university at the time of their appearance on the show. The couple's Oxford-based restaurant, Studio New York, was the first to be closed in the series after a challenge to hold a function. The couple did admit to Raymond that they missed Scotland and wanted to be closer to home, but would continue to follow their dream.

Brothers Ed and Mike ran The Treacle Well in Watlington, Oxfordshire. Their concept was to produce simple, traditional food. They were eliminated in the fourth week after a challenge to cater for a banquet at Blenheim Palace.

Grant and Laura are a couple from Deptford. The couple have a young baby and, at the time of appearing on the show, were expecting another. They operated a restaurant in Windsor, known as Jacques Tamson's which served a combination of French and Scottish cuisine. In week seven, they were eliminated from the competition after a challenge to run Raymond Blanc's own restaurant, Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons.

Jeremy and Jane are a couple from Devon. Jeremy is an ex-Royal Marines corporal whilst his wife Jane is a trainee teacher. Their concept behind their restaurant, Eight in the Country, was to provide customers with a lasting memory of good service. The couple, on occasions, didn't see eye to eye, Jeremy not being very organised outside of the kitchen and Jane feeling she had little support at times. But despite having spent much time apart due to Jeremy's job they were extremely close. Jeremy's determination to be the winner paid off and he and Jane beat Jess and Laura in the final.  Jeremy was called 'the best cook in the competition' by Lee Cash, an inspector, and was very relaxed. His wife, Jane was very organised but was often overcome with emotion.

Jess and Laura are twin sisters from London and both work as children's entertainers. They operated Brown & Green, a restaurant serving organic cuisine in Aylesbury. They came second overall, losing to Jeremy and Jane in the final.
In November 2009 they were looking for a location to open their Brown & Green café. The sisters have now opened several branches of Brown & Green in London, including Crystal Palace, Gipsy Hill and Sydenham.

Lloyd and Adwoa are an engaged couple from London. Outside of the show, the couple run a Ghanaian catering company, a cuisine which they brought to their restaurant on the show. Spinach & Agushi was located in Englefield Green, Surrey and was closed in week six after a challenge to host a singles night. Lloyd was criticised for not being enough of a personality front of house, but this improved with time. Their food was constantly praised and Adwoa was praised for her dishes by Raymond and the inspectors even though she lacked in confidence.

Engaged couple Martin and Emma from Bolton took over Veritas Wine Bar and Bistro, a restaurant in Banbury, to run it under the name Bravo! serving traditional English cuisine. Raymond Blanc eliminated the couple in week five after a challenge to create a microwavable meal. The couple were not as professional as other contestants- Emma, on numerous occasions, disclosed a little too much detail to her customers, especially when it came to serving the eels.

Newly weds Sam and Jacqui operated The Ostrich in Fairford, a restaurant with live jazz entertainment. which was closed in the second week after a challenge to run a canteen. Sam appeared to be much more interested in his band than attempting to run a successful restaurant whilst Jacqui tried desperately to hold things together front of house. Sam's inexperience as a chef was more than obvious and he couldn't accept criticism gracefully. He constantly blamed others for his own errors.

Son and mother Tom and Nicola, from Norfolk, ran Monks in Shipton. Their restaurant was closed in week three after a challenge to hold a local history themed night. Nicola wasn't suited to cooking in a restaurant, very much the house-wife cook she lacked control of her kitchen.

Winners
Jeremy and Jane Hooper won The Restaurant. They were supported by Raymond Blanc and The Peach Pub company in opening and running a restaurant in Thame, Oxfordshire. Blanc was personally financially supporting the new restaurant, sinking a six figure sum into it. Formerly known as The Old Trout Inn, it opened as Eight at the Thatch on 6 November 2007.

After a period of maternity/paternity leave, Jeremy and Jane stepped down and left Eight at the Thatch, on 5 May 2008 their brief tenure marked by reported rampant arguments and failure.

Episodes

Week One
Task: Restaurants opening weekend
Restaurant of the week: Jeremy and Jane
In challenge: Chris and Jade, Lloyd and Adwoa, Sam and Jacqui
Challenge: Organising a function
Eliminated: Chris and Jade

Week Two
Task: Make profits from cocktails and desserts
Restaurant of the week: Jess and Laura
In challenge: Sam and Jacqui, Martin and Emma, Tom and Nicola
Challenge: Canteen catering
Eliminated: Sam and Jacqui

Week Three
Task: Cater for families, by creating marketing strategies and suitable food
Restaurant of the week: Lloyd and Adwoa
In challenge: Tom and Nicola, Grant and Laura, Jeremy and Jane
Challenge: Evening of local food with a local history theme
Eliminated: Tom and Nicola

Week Four
Task: Sell as may dishes as possible with Raymond's surprise ingredient, eel
Restaurant of the week: Jess and Laura
In challenge: Ed and Mike, Martin and Emma, Lloyd and Adwoa
Challenge: Cater for a banquet at Blenheim Palace
Eliminated: Ed and Mike

Week Five
Task: Create a distinctive brand that sells itself
Restaurant of the week: Grant and Laura
In challenge: Martin and Emma, Jeremy and Jane, Jess and Laura
Challenge: Create ready meals for supermarkets
Eliminated: Martin and Emma

Week Six
Task: Delight and surprise customers, make them feel special.  Increase covers and table turnover.
Restaurant of the week: Jeremy and Jane
In challenge: Lloyd and Adwoa, Grant and Laura
Challenge:  Host a Singles Night.
Eliminated:Lloyd and Adwoa

Week Seven
Task: Impress Raymond when he comes to the Restaurant.
Restaurant of the week: Jeremy and Jane
In challenge: Grant and Laura, Jess and Laura
Challenge: Work in Raymond's Restaurant.
Eliminated: Grant and Laura

Week Eight
Task: Open the Restaurant in Raymond's home town and impress his mother.
Eliminated: Jess and Laura
Winners of the Restaurant: Jeremy and Jane

Weekly results

See also

The Restaurant (British series 2)

References

External links

The Peach Pub Company
The Thatch (Jeremy and Jane's new restaurant)
Jacques Tamson's (Grant and Laura)
Spinach and Agushi (Lloyd and Adwoa)
Jollof Pot (Lloyd and Adwoa's existing catering business)

The Restaurant (British TV series)
2007 British television seasons


Patrick Kelly (September 24, 1954 – January 1, 1990) was an American fashion designer who came to fame in France. Among his accomplishments, he was the first American to be admitted to the Chambre syndicale du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode, the prestigious governing body of the  French ready-to-wear industry. Kelly's designs were noted for their exuberance, humor and references to pop culture and Black folklore.

Early life and education
Kelly was born on September 24, 1954, in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He was raised  by his mother Letha Mae Kelly and father Danie S. Kelly, a home economics teacher and cab driver, respectively. He had two siblings: Danie Kelly, Jr. and William M. Kelly. After his father's death in 1969 his grandmother assisted with his upbringing. His interests in fashion surfaced in high school, when he learned to sew.  After graduating high school in 1972, he briefly attended Mississippi's Jackson State University before moving to Atlanta, Georgia.

Career
In 1974 Atlanta, Kelly supported himself by working at an AMVETS thrift shop, where he had access to donated designer dresses and coats that he modified and sold alongside his own designs. He ultimately had his own store in the city's Buckhead district. He also worked fashion shows at the Atlanta Hilton with upcoming super model Iman and established a modeling agency and clothing line under the name Longboy. In 1979, he connected with the pioneering Black supermodel Pat Cleveland, who admired the clothing he was making and encouraged him to move to New York City.  After a lackluster year in New York, he moved to Paris in 1980, again at Cleveland's suggestion.  In Paris, he found more immediate success and soon developed his signature slinky, brightly colored jersey dresses adorned with colored buttons and bows in a nod to the sophisticated cut-rate style of the Southern women of his childhood.  Kelly met Bjorn Amelan, a photographers' representative, in 1983. The two quickly became lovers, with Amelan taking a management role in Kelly's burgeoning enterprise.

Kelly began to sell his designs at the trend-setting Victoire boutiques in Paris.  In an interview, the store's buyer said, "Patrick landed like a bomb in my shop in 1985. He was so gay and so full of energy, and so were his clothes."  Also in 1985, the French edition of Elle Magazine covered Kelly with a six-page spread in its February issue.  During this period, he began to acquire celebrity couture clients, such as Bette Davis, Paloma Picasso, Grace Jones, Madonna, Cicely Tyson and Goldie Hawn. He also participated in a notable collaboration with jewelry designer David Spada, one product of which was one of Kelly's most famous designs, a Josephine Baker-inspired ensemble with a banana skirt now in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

In 1987, the Warnaco fashion conglomerate signed an agreement to manufacture Kelly's clothing. With Warnaco's backing, Kelly designs were soon available in stores throughout the world.  That year, his sales approached $7 million.  With the support of designer Sonia Rykiel, Kelly was admitted in 1988 to the prestigious Chambre syndicale du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode.  His young label thus became an official colleague of brands such as Yves Saint Laurent, Chanel and Christian Dior.  He was the first American to join the organization, which is the trade association for the French ready-to-wear industry.  Through this affiliation, Kelly was able to present runway shows at The Louvre.  Describing one such 1988 show, The Christian Science Monitor commented, "Styles ranged from the sublime—tailored suits and dresses with longer hemlines, mostly in somber gray flannel, and flowing crepe pants—to the ridiculous—motorcycle-helmet hats, lopsided pockets, scoop necklines trimmed with huge gardenias, and, of course, an abundance of buttons."

Kelly was an avid collector of Black memorabilia, with an affinity for items depicting racial stereotypes that many people find challenging, offensive or demeaning. He deployed this material ironically in his designs, which feature cartoonish watermelon wedges, black baby dolls, bananas and golliwogs, among other images.  In 2004, Robin Givhan, writing in the Washington Post, observed that an important aspect of Kelly's work as a designer was the way he foregrounded race and heritage in his designs, choices of models and public image:

Any lasting contribution that Kelly made to fashion's vocabulary is dominated by the singular significance of his ethnicity. Kelly was African-American and that fact played prominently in his designs, in the way he presented them to the public and in the way he engaged his audience. No other well-known fashion designer has been so inextricably linked to both his race and his culture. And no other designer was so purposeful in exploiting both.

Kelly sought inclusiveness in the clothes he designed, telling People Magazine in 1987, "I design for fat women, skinny women, all kinds of women. My message is, you're beautiful just the way you are." At his March, 1987 show, one of his models was eight months pregnant.

By 1989, Kelly was at the height of his success, producing his line for Warnaco in addition to other contracts—including one for Benetton—while developing plans for lingerie, perfume and menswear lines.  That August, Kelly became ill and was unable to complete preparations for his October show, which soon resulted in the cancellation of his Warnaco agreement.  Kelly was sick with AIDS, but the hope of his partial recovery and business considerations kept the nature of his illness secret until after his death.  Kelly died on January 1, 1990, survived by Amelan and his mother. At Kelly's memorial service, his friend and client Gloria Steinem concluded her remarks by saying, "Instead of dividing us with gold and jewels, he unified us with buttons and bows." Kelly is buried in the 50th division of Paris's Père-Lachaise cemetery.

Legacy
In 2004, The Brooklyn Museum presented Patrick Kelly: A Retrospective, featuring 60 Kelly ensembles together with fashion photographs and selections from his collections of Black memorabilia, all borrowed from the Kelly estate.  In 2014, the Philadelphia Museum of Art mounted Patrick Kelly: Runway of Love, which celebrated the promised gift of 80 ensembles to the museum from the estate.

There are two main repositories of Kelly's garments in the United States. In addition to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Jackson State University, which Kelly briefly attended, maintains a collection of approximately 250 items. Jackson State exhibited part of its holdings in Patrick Kelly: From Mississippi to New York to Paris and Back in 2016.  The Schomburg Center of the New York Public Library holds Kelly's sketchbooks and related materials, as well videos of runway shows, interviews and his memorial service.

References

External links
Brooklyn Museum 2004 Patrick Kelly exhibition
Philadelphia Museum of Art 2014 Patrick Kelly exhibition
Video of Patrick Kelly runway shows and interviews at Schomburg Center, New York Public Library
Short video segment about Kelly's influence on 21st-century designer Gerlan Marcel

American fashion designers
1954 births
1990 deaths
American expatriates in France
AIDS-related deaths in France
African-American fashion designers
American LGBT artists
LGBT fashion designers
African-American LGBT people
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
People from Vicksburg, Mississippi
1980s fashion
20th-century African-American people
20th-century American LGBT people


The 1921 World Chess Championship was played between José Raúl Capablanca and Emanuel Lasker. It was played in Capablanca's native Havana from March 18 to April 28. Capablanca won the match by a score of 9-5 (4 wins, 0 losses, 10 draws) to become the third World Chess Champion.

Background
Partly due to World War I, negotiations for this match took nearly 10 years. Lasker had been the World Champion since 1894, and had successfully defended his world title five times, most recently in 1910.

In 1911, 22-year-old Capablanca won the San Sebastián chess tournament ahead of most of the world's leading players apart from Lasker. Later that year he challenged Lasker to a match for the world title. Lasker was unwilling to play the traditional first-to-win-ten-games-type of match in the semi-tropical conditions of Havana, especially as drawn games were becoming more frequent and the match might last for over six months. He therefore made a counter-proposal: if neither player had a lead of at least two games by the end of the match, it should be considered a draw; the match should be limited to the best of thirty games, counting draws; except that if either player won six games and led by at least two games before thirty games were completed, he should be declared the winner; the champion should decide the venue and stakes, and should have the exclusive right to publish the games; the challenger should deposit a forfeit of US$2,000 (equivalent to roughly $343,000 in 2022 values, based on income value); the time limit should be twelve moves per hour; play should be limited to two sessions of 2½ hours each per day, five days a week. Capablanca objected to the time limit, the short playing times, the thirty-game limit, and especially the requirement that he must win by two games to claim the title, which he regarded as unfair. Lasker took offence at the terms in which Capablanca criticized the two-game lead condition and broke off negotiations, and until 1914 Lasker and Capablanca were not on speaking terms. However, at the St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament, Capablanca proposed a set of rules for the conduct of World Championship matches, which were accepted by all the leading players, including Lasker.

In 1912, Akiba Rubinstein emerged as a potential challenger when he won the three strongest tournaments that year, at San Sebastian, Breslau and Pistyan. Late in 1912, Lasker entered into negotiations for a world title match with Rubinstein, and the two players agreed to play a match if Rubinstein could raise the funds. Rubinstein had difficulty finding the money; eventually a match was arranged for October 1914, but it did not take place because of the outbreak of World War I. However, Rubinstein's relatively poor showing at the St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament in April and May (Lasker 1st, Capablanca 2nd, Rubinstein 7th) meant that Capablanca was again seen as the more deserving challenger.

The war from 1914 to 1918 prevented any World Championship during that time.

Negotiations resumed with Capablanca in 1920. Lasker resigned the title in 1920 in a dispute over match conditions, and named Capablanca as his successor. Judging by chess publications of the time, there was little acceptance for Capablanca becoming champion this way: the feeling was that Lasker could resign the world title, but he had no right to name Capablanca as champion. Later in 1920, Lasker agreed to play the 1921 match, as the challenger.

Results

The championship was set to last for 24 games: the first player to accumulate 12½ points (or win eight games) would be World Champion. If it ended 12–12, Capablanca would be world champion, as Lasker was considered the challenger.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+World Chess Championship Match 1921
|-
! !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! Wins!! Points
|-
| align=left |
| ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 1 || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 1 || 4|| 9
|-
| align=left |
|style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 0 || style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 0 || 0||5
|}

Lasker resigned the match after the 14th game, making Capablanca the new champion.

References

External links
Graeme Cree's chess pages

1921
1921 in chess
1921 in Cuba
Chess in Cuba
Sport in Havana
20th century in Havana


Harish Chandra Singh Rawat (3 July 1934 – 20 January 2008) was a mountaineer who climbed  the Mt. Everest in 1965. He was one of the 9 summiters of the first successful Indian Everest Expeditions that climbed Mount Everest in May 1965 led by  Captain M S Kohli. He is the seventh Indian man and twenty second man in world that climbed Mount Everest. On May 24, 1965  Vohra and Ang Kami Sherpa together reached the top of Mount Everest
On May 29, 12 years to the day from the first ascent of Mount Everest the fourth and last summit team with Major H. P. S. Ahluwalia and Phu Dorjee Sherpa, Rawat reached on the summit. This was the first time three climbers stood on the summit together.

Biography
Rawat participated in a number of expeditions including Nanda Devi, Sunanda Devi, Kanglacha, Hathi Parbat, Tirsuli, Rathong, Nanda Khat and Nun Kun.
In 1962, he led a party, including Sonam Wangyal, another Everester of the 1965 expedition, to Kanglacha, 30 miles south of Leh. In 1963, Rawat climbed Hathi Parbat and a year later he was part of the Tirsuli and Sunanda Devi expedition. In the pre-Everest preparations, he climbed Rathong.

Rawat also participated in a joint ascent by the Indian intelligence and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency to the Nanda Devi peak to test the Chinese missile program development. At that time (1965), he was  and later worked for social welfare in Uttarakhand. He died of a lung cancer in New Delhi, aged 74. He was vice president of the Indian Mountaineering Foundation.

Rawat had graduated from Lucknow University in 1952 and joined central government service in the same year, in Intelligence Bureau. He was posted as Deputy Central Intelligence Officer, Gorakhpur, in October 1963. Thereafter he shifted to Special Service Bureau (now Sashastra Seema Bal). He was Joint Assistant Director in SSB headquarters in 1965. In January 1970, he became the founder chief of the High Altitude Operations Training Centre, at Sandev, near Didihat. In October 1972, it was merged with SSB's Frontier Academy at Gwaldam as its Mountaineering Wing, and Rawat became that wing's first Senior Instructor.

Honors and awards
He was awarded Arjuna award    and Padma Shri  for his achievements.

References

See also
Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit
List of Mount Everest records of India
List of Mount Everest records

Indian summiters of Mount Everest
Indian mountain climbers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Mountain climbers from Uttarakhand
1934 births
2008 deaths


Logan County Airport  is five miles east of Logan, in Logan County, West Virginia. It is owned by the Logan County Airport Authority.

Facilities
Logan County Airport covers ; its one runway, 6/24, is 3,605 x 75 ft (1,099 x 23 m) asphalt. In the year ending July 10, 2023, the airport had 6,300 aircraft operations, average 121 per week, 96% general aviation and 5% military.

See also
 List of airports in West Virginia

References

External links
 Logan County Airport at West Virginia Airport Directory

Airports in West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Logan County, West Virginia
Transportation in Logan County, West Virginia


The Birmingham South Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the Central Hockey League from 1982 to 1983. The South Stars were based out of Birmingham, Alabama at the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center. Coached by Gene Ubriaco, the South Stars would lose in the Adams Cup Championship to the Indianapolis Checkers. Following the season, the team folded.

Notable players who played for the South Stars included Don Beaupre, Mario Lessard and Steve Carlson.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Central Hockey League

References

External links
 BirminghamProSports.com

Sports clubs and teams in Birmingham, Alabama
Defunct Central Hockey League teams
Ice hockey clubs established in 1982
Ice hockey teams in Alabama
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1983
Defunct ice hockey teams in Alabama
Central Professional Hockey League teams
1982 establishments in Alabama
1983 disestablishments in Alabama


Loxa is an insect genus in the large family of shield bugs.  It occurs primarily in Central America and Mexico, but is also found in Texas, Florida and South America. While Loxa is a genus of the tribe Pentatomini, its species are similar in many respects to those in the Chlorocorini, specifically the genera: Chlorocoris Spinola, Chloropepla Stål, Mayrinia Horvath and Fecelia Stål. Some species of Loxa are minor crop pests, for example Loxa deducta.

Species include:
 Loxa deducta
 Loxa flavicollis
 Loxa haematica
 Loxa peruviensis
 Loxa planiceps
 Loxa virescens
 Loxa viridis

References

Pentatomidae genera
Hemiptera of Central America
Hemiptera of South America
Pentatomini


In statistics, Grubbs's test or the Grubbs test (named after Frank E. Grubbs, who published the test in 1950), also known as the maximum normalized residual test or extreme studentized deviate test, is a test used to detect outliers in a univariate data set assumed to come from a normally distributed population.

Definition
Grubbs's test is based on the assumption of normality. That is, one should first verify that the data can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution before applying the Grubbs test.

Grubbs's test detects one outlier at a time. This outlier is expunged from the dataset and the test is iterated until no outliers are detected. However, multiple iterations change the probabilities of detection, and the test should not be used for sample sizes of six or fewer since it frequently tags most of the points as outliers.

Grubbs's test is defined for the following hypotheses:
H0: There are no outliers in the data set
Ha: There is exactly one outlier in the data set

The Grubbs test statistic is defined as

with  and  denoting the sample mean and standard deviation, respectively. The Grubbs test statistic is the largest absolute deviation from the sample mean in units of the sample standard deviation.

This is the two-sided test, for which the hypothesis of no outliers is rejected at significance level α if

with tα/(2N),N−2 denoting the upper critical value of the t-distribution with N − 2 degrees of freedom and a significance level of α/(2N).

One-sided case
Grubbs's test can also be defined as a one-sided test, replacing α/(2N) with α/N. To test whether the minimum value is an outlier, the test statistic is

with Ymin denoting the minimum value. To test whether the maximum value is an outlier, the test statistic is

with Ymax denoting the maximum value.

Related techniques
Several graphical techniques can be used to detect outliers. A simple run sequence plot, a box plot, or a histogram should show any obviously outlying points. A normal probability plot may also be useful.

See also
 Chauvenet's criterion
 Peirce's criterion
 Q test
 Studentized residual
 Tau distribution

References

Further reading

Statistical tests
Statistical outliers


Alhassane Ousmane Touré (born 5 February 1984 in Baguinéda
) is a Malian footballer, who currently plays for FC La Chaux-de-Fonds.

Career
Touré started his career in the Centre Salif Keita and played from 2001 until 2003 for Djoliba AC, who won the Malien Premiere Division and the Malien Cup. He spent most of his career in Switzerland, he played during his career 7 games in the Swiss Super League for FC Schaffhausen and 78 games in the Challenge League for FC Bulle, respectively FC La Chaux-de-Fonds. Since 2009 played in the 2. Liga interregional for FC Serrières, FC Portalban/Gletterens and one year 2013 on loan from Portalban, for FC Bulle.

International career
Touré capped for the Mali U-20 team at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. He played also from 2004 to 2008 in 17 official FIFA games for the Mali national football team.

Notes

1984 births
Living people
Malian men's footballers
Malian expatriate men's footballers
Mali men's under-20 international footballers
Mali men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Challenge League players
FC Schaffhausen players
Djoliba AC players
FC Serrières players
FC La Chaux-de-Fonds players
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Koulikoro Region
21st-century Malian people


Radu was, according to Ion Mihai Pacepa, a radiological weapon used against dissenters and critics by Nicolae Ceaușescu's Securitate. "Radu" is a Romanian name and in this context it is a reference to "radiation". The supposed weapon was intended to lead to cancer which would result in death within months after the exposure.

According to Pacepa, it was created by the Securitate's "Service K" in spring 1970, using radioactive materials it received from the KGB. The Romanian "Service K", founded in 1950s by the Soviets using the KGB model, was in charge of the dirty work against jailed prisoners who they considered dangerous to the regime. This included monitoring them with microphones and trying to frame them by inducing them into making incriminating statements. The same Pacepa claimed the service was also in charge of killing those prisoners and making it appear like a suicide or natural death.

Historian Mihai Pelin claimed in a book on Radio Free Europe, Melița și Eterul, that there was no such weapon, but others, such as RFE journalist Nestor Ratesh, argue that Pelin also claimed the Securitate was not involved in the 1981 RFE bombing, a position that was allegedly contradicted by Romanian president Ion Iliescu.

References

Socialist Republic of Romania
Nuclear terrorism
Weapons of Romania
Radiological weapons
Romanian inventions


KRJJ may refer to:

 KRJJ-LP, a defunct low-power radio station (100.7 FM) formerly licensed to serve Portland, Oregon, United States
 KMNQ, a radio station (1470 AM) licensed to serve Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, United States, which held the call sign KRJJ from 2007 to 2008


Vigor Bovolenta (30 May 1974 – 24 March 2012) was a volleyball player from Italy. Bovolenta was part of the men's national team that won the European Championship in 1995 and the silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Bovolenta died at the age of 37 after suffering a heart attack during an Italian League fourth level game between his team, Forlì, and the reserve team of Macerata. He had severe coronary artery disease similar to Sergey Grinkov.

See also
List of sportspeople who died during their careers

References

External links

 RAI Profile

1974 births
2012 deaths
Italian men's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
People from Rovigo
Middle blockers
Sportspeople from the Province of Rovigo
Sports competitors who died in competition


Hilary Duff (born 1987) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, entrepreneur, and author.

Hilary Duff may also refer to:
 Hilary Duff (album), the eponymous third studio album by American recording artist Hilary Duff
 Hilary Duff (song), a song by Scott Cain


Love Songs is the Bee Gees' third compilation album in four years, though the first to cover a specific musical style. A proposed album of love songs was in the works around 1995 when the Bee Gees recorded their own versions of "Heartbreaker" and "Emotion", but that project was soon shelved and those recordings remained unavailable until the release of Their Greatest Hits: The Record in 2001.

Following the success of the Number Ones compilation in 2004, Universal once again tried to mine the Bee Gees catalog, this time focusing on their ballads. Spanning their entire career, Love Songs features many of the group's big hits, but also includes some lesser known tracks such as "Secret Love" and "For Whom the Bell Tolls", which were both big hits in Europe. Also included is a live version of "Islands in the Stream".

The US and the UK versions differed slightly in song selection and running time. Included on the UK version were 1993's "Heart Like Mine" and a song Barry and Maurice wrote together with Ronan Keating in 1999 called "Lovers and Friends", backing Keating both vocally and instrumentally while also producing the recording. Another anomaly was the inclusion of the Robin Gibb solo hit "Juliet" from 1983, which was a big hit in many countries, except in the UK and the US.

By the time Love Songs was released, there had been several Bee Gees compilations on the market as well as their entire back catalog, so this release seemed somewhat redundant. In the US it did chart but only managed to reach No. 166. In their homeland it climbed to No. 51 on the UK Albums Chart, but its best showing was in the Netherlands where it went top 20, peaking at No. 21.

Track listing
USA/International
 "To Love Somebody" (Bee Gees' 1st)
 "Words" (Horizontal)
 "First of May" (Odessa)
 "Lonely Days" (2 Years On)
 "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" (Trafalgar)
 "How Deep Is Your Love" (Saturday Night Fever soundtrack)
 "More Than a Woman" (Saturday Night Fever soundtrack)
 "(Our Love) Don't Throw It All Away" (Bee Gees Greatest)
 "Emotion" (Their Greatest Hits: The Record)
 "Too Much Heaven" (Spirits Having Flown)
 "Heartbreaker" (Their Greatest Hits: The Record)
 "Islands in the Stream" (Live) (One Night Only)
 "Juliet" (How Old Are You?) - Robin Gibb solo track)
 "Secret Love" (High Civilization)
 "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (Size Isn't Everything)
 "Closer Than Close" (Still Waters)
 "I Could Not Love You More" (Still Waters)
 "Wedding Day" (This Is Where I Came In)

UK/Japan
 "To Love Somebody"
 "Words"
 "First of May"
 "Lonely Days"
 "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
 "How Deep Is Your Love"
 "More Than a Woman"
 "(Our Love) Don't Throw It All Away"
 "Emotion"
 "Too Much Heaven"
 "Heartbreaker"
 "Islands in the Stream (Live)"
 "Juliet"
 "Secret Love"
 "For Whom the Bell Tolls"
 "Heart Like Mine" (Bonus track) (Size Isn't Everything)
 "Closer Than Close"
 "I Could Not Love You More"
 "Wedding Day"
 "Lovers and Friends" (featuring Ronan Keating) – 5:17 (bonus track; new song)

PRC
 "To Love Somebody"
 "Words"
 "First of May"
 "Lonely Days"
 "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
 "How Deep Is Your Love"
 "More Than a Woman"
 "(Our Love) Don't Throw It All Away"
 "Emotion"
 "Too Much Heaven"
 "Heartbreaker"
 "Juliet"
 "Secret Love"
 "For Whom the Bell Tolls"
 "Closer Than Close"
 "I Could Not Love You More"
 "Wedding Day"

Charts

References

Bee Gees compilation albums
2005 compilation albums
Universal Records compilation albums
Albums recorded at IBC Studios


was a Japanese actor and voice actor from Tokyo Prefecture and affiliated with Gekidan Bunkaza.

Roles

Television animation
Dog of Flanders (Bertrand)
Kamui the Ninja (Hansuke)
Kimba the White Lion (Coco)
Like the Clouds, Like the Wind (Sumito-sensei)
Norakuro (Bernard)
Ranma ½ Nettōhen (Chingensai)
Time Bokan (Emperor)
Andersen Monogatari (Painter, Father, Sea Lion)

OVA
Sakura Wars: Ouka Kenran (Kenjiji)

Dubbing roles
12 Angry Men (2003 NHK edition) (Juror #9 (Hume Cronyn))
Harry Potter film series (Filius Flitwick (Warwick Davis))
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (Shaman (D. R. Nanayakkara))
Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins (Master Chiun (Joel Grey))
Return of the Jedi (TV edition) (Admiral Ackbar (Tim Rose))

References

External links

1928 births
2015 deaths
Japanese male voice actors
Male voice actors from Tokyo Metropolis


Marco Meoni (born 25 May 1973 in Padua) is a volleyball player from Italy, who won the silver medal with the Men's National Team at the 1996 Summer Olympics, wearing the number two jersey. A year earlier he was on the side that claimed the European title in Greece. He is a two-time Olympian for his native country, also winning bronze at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

With Copra Piacenza he won the silver medal at the 2007-08 Indesit Champions League and also was individually awarded "Most Valuable Player". After retiring in 2013, he returned to play in Italy's Superlega in January 2015, again for Copra Piacenza.

Clubs
  Copra Piacenza (2007–2008)

Awards

Individuals
 2007–08 CEV Indesit Champions League Final Four "Best Setter"

Clubs
 2007–08 CEV Indesit Champions League -  Runner-Up, with Copra Piacenza

References

External links
RAI Profile

1973 births
Living people
Italian men's volleyball players
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Olympic volleyball players for Italy
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Padua
Olympic medalists in volleyball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Setters (volleyball)


Hashem B. El-Serag () is a Palestinian-American physician and medical researcher best known for his research in liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the hepatitis C virus. He serves as the Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine as well as the Director of the Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center. El-Serag previously served as president of the American Gastroenterological Association and Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Early life and education
El-Serag was born in 1966 in Libya to Palestinian parents from the Gaza Strip. He received his M.D. with Honors from Al-Arab Medical University in Benghazi, Libya in 1991. He then moved to the United States, where he performed his residency in internal medicine at Yale University Greenwich Hospital (Connecticut) (1993-1995) and received a gastroenterology fellowship in clinical gastroenterology at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque (1995-1997), before earning his Master of Public Health from the University of New Mexico in 1998.

Research and career
Most of the research on hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States can be attributed to El-Serag, who has published more than 300 scholarly papers on the subject. Dr. El-Serag also has become a leading expert on chronic liver disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. His research also focuses on the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of several digestive disorders, including Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and hepatitis C. He has obtained more than 60 funded research grants, including those from the National Institutes of Health, the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, the VA and professional societies.

Dr. El-Serag joined the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas in 1999, where he later became Chief of the Baylor College of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007-2016) in the Department of Medicine. He also served as Leader, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Program, at the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, and as Chief of Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Division at Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center. In 2014, he became the Director of the Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, funded by a P-30 NIH Grant and one of only six successful centers in the United States. In 2017, he was selected to serve as the Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, where he also serves as a professor, researcher and clinician. He also is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center. El-Serag has given more than 300 local, regional, national and international presentations.

Awards and memberships
Selected awards include:
2019 - “World's Most Influential Scientific Minds” in the area of Clinical Medicine by Thomson Reuters
2016 - Michael E. DeBakey Excellence in Research Award
2016 - NAAMA Local Chapter Prestigious Award
2016 - Ben Qurrah Award
2011 - Blue Faery Award for Excellence in Liver Cancer Research
2005 - American Gastroenterological Association's Masters Award in Clinical Research
2003 - American Gastroenterological Association's Young Clinical Investigator Award
1997 - GlaxoWellcome Digestive Health Foundation Award for Health Care Advancement

His leadership roles and honors have included President-Elect and president of the American Gastroenterological Association (2018-2019), the leading professional society for gastroenterologists. El-Serag has been selected into the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) and the American Association of Physicians (AAP).

Additional selected memberships include:
St. Luke's Health System Board of Directors
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Editorial Board
Digestive and Liver Disease Editorial Board
American Gastroenterological Association Member
American Association for the Study of Liver Disease Member

Publications and media
El-Serag has more than 550 published papers to his credit, including in notable journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and GUT.  The seminal work on HCC, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Rising Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States, has been cited approximately 3400 times. He has a H. index of 137. In addition, he was the Associate Editor of Gastroenterology, the leading specialty journal, and Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012-2017).

Dr. El-Serag is co-author of the book Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Upper GI Disorders.

References

External links
 Selected publications by Dr. Hashem El-Serag at The National Center for Biotechnology Information
 Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
 Center for Advanced Endoscopy
 Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center
 Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine
 Biography of Hashem El-Serag at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs

Living people
American people of Palestinian descent
1966 births
American medical researchers
Palestinian scientists
Al-Arab Medical University alumni
Baylor College of Medicine faculty
Yale University alumni


"More and More" is a song by German Eurodance music project Captain Hollywood Project. It was released in July 1992 as the first single from their first album, Love Is Not Sex (1993). The song reached  1 in Germany and was a top-five hit in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Italy, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. It also found success in Australia and North America, peaking at No. 15 in Canada, No. 17 in the United States, and No. 43 in Australia. Overall, the single has sold over seven million units worldwide.

Production and influence
The music for "More and More" was written by Nosie Katzmann, Giora Schein and Oliver Reinecke. Lyrics were written by front man/rapper Tony Dawson-Harrison (Captain Hollywood) and Nosie Katzmann. As executive producer of the single, Harrison worked with the collaborating production teams known as DMP (including Katzmann) and Cyborg (Marc Kamradt and Frank Schlingloff). Harrison chose singer Nina Gerhard to provide the chorus vocals for the track. His voice was electronically modified to sound deeper and this would also later inspire the producers of M.C. Sar & The Real McCoy.

American entertainment company BuzzFeed ranked "More and More" at No. 81 in their "The 101 Greatest Dance Songs Of the '90s" list in 2017.

Critical reception
Larry Flick from Billboard described it as "a seductive pop/house affair that only lightly nicks the surface of the Captain's obvious talent for combining complex groove patterns with simple, brain-embedding hooks and melodies." He added that "the beats are rugged, and are topped by a breezy, radio-minded R&B melody. The give-and-take between sultry female vocals and deepthroated male rapping is appropriately seductive." Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report commented, "Germany, not Hollywood, is home to The Captain, who has already racked up enough chart activity to become this week's RECORD TO WATCH. Many are comparing this production to Snap's "Rhythm Is A Dancer" with its Euro-dance feel. One very hot entry!"

In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton stated that "More and More" "is in all honesty one of the more inspiring dance records this year and deserves a greater chart position than it looks like achieving." Pan-European magazine Music & Media also compared it to Snap!'s 1992 hit, noting that they used the same recipe. They added further that "the basis is 1982 type of electro pop strengthened by dance elements such as a male rapper and female backing vocalists." Martin Pearson from Music Weeks RM Dance Update noted "the trance-drenched moodiness" of the song, stating that it "is a musical barrage, right down to the laser-guided bassline and armour-plated pop hook."

Chart performance
Upon its release on 29 July 1992, "More and More" became a hit in several countries in Europe. In Germany, it reached No. 1 for four weeks. The single was also a top-10 hit in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, it reached No. 23 during its third week on the UK Singles Chart, on 14 November 1993. On the Eurochart Hot 100, the song reached No. 3. Outside Europe, it peaked at No. 5 in Israel, reached No. 16 in Zimbabwe, and was a crossover pop hit in the United States, where it reached No. 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single spent two weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Maxi-Singles Sales chart in July 1993. It was awarded with a platinum record in Germany, after 500,000 singles were sold there, and a gold record in Greece.

Music video
Two different music videos were produced to promote the single. One of them was directed by Bruce Ashley.

Track listings

 German maxi-CD single and Australian CD single "More and More" – 6:20
 "More and More" (trance mix) – 6:08
 "More and More" (single version) – 4:11

 Dutch 7-inch singleA. "More and More" (single version) – 4:11
B. "More and More" – 6:20

 UK 12-inch singleA1. "More and More" (Red Underground vocal mix) – 6:28
A2. "More and More" (Red Underground dub) – 6:28
B1. "More and More" (Trance to Dance mix) – 6:08
B2. "More and More" (original club mix) – 6:20

 UK maxi-CD single "More and More" (radio mix) – 4:08
 "More and More" (12-inch version) – 6:20
 "More and More" (trance version) – 6:08
 "More and More" (Karizma remix) – 6:58
 "More and More" (remix instrumental) – 6:10

 US and Canadian maxi-CD single'''
 "More and More" – 6:20
 "More and More" (underground mix) – 7:23
 "More and More" (SoBe Mix) – 6:00
 "More and More" (underground instrumental mix) – 7:23

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

ReferencesThe Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits'', 6th Edition, 1996

1992 songs
1992 debut singles
1993 singles
Black-and-white music videos
Blow Up singles
Captain Hollywood Project songs
Number-one singles in Germany
Songs written by Nosie Katzmann
Songs written by Tony Dawson-Harrison


was a ruling head of the clan of Ōmura throughout the latter Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. As Yoshiaki was the respective son of Ōmura Sumitada, he followed his father in succession at some variable time, at which relations with the Jesuits and trade with the Portuguese had been already firmly developed.

In 1570, Yoshiaki was baptised into Christianity and given the name Dom Sancho. Following Ryūzōji Takanobu's suppression of the Omura in the year of 1580, it can be surmised that Yoshiaki then followed with support beneath the former, at which he would retain the lowly position of vassal up until the Toyotomis' rise to prominence after 1584. Supporting Toyotomi Hideyoshi initially during the Korean campaign of 1592, Yoshiaki's mutual support following this scenario is relatively unknown, but it is recorded that he at least chose to remain as a neutral power by the year 1600, when he declined the proposal to attend the Sekigahara Campaign.

Though Yoshiaki was subsequently forced to stand down in favour of his son, Sumitada, as a consequence of his failure to support the Tokugawa's Eastern Army in Sekigahara, Yoshiaki still entered the Edo period with a level of authority over the Omura, which he justified by means of expelling the Jesuits from his domain after a show of defiance at Nagasaki port.

Around 1606, Yoshiaki apostatised from Christianity. Initially following this, Yoshiaki persecuted Christianity in his domain and enforced Buddhism, possibly to appear favourably to Tokugawa Ieyasu and potentially redeem rank that could benefit his social position. As his Christian name "Dom Sancho" was additionally discarded, Yoshiaki's life following this period in time is unknown. He died by the year 1615.

References

 http://wiki.samurai-archives.com/index.php?title=Omura_Yoshiaki Omura Yoshiaki - SamuraiWiki]. (Samurai Archives) FWSeal & CEWest, 2005
Hall, John Whitney. The Cambridge History of Japan

Samurai
Daimyo
Converts to Buddhism from Roman Catholicism
People of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
1568 births
1615 deaths
Place of birth unknown
Converts to Buddhism from Christianity
Date of death unknown
Place of death unknown
Date of birth unknown


John Roberton (20 March 1797 – 24 August 1876) was a Scottish physician and social reformer. He was a pioneer of modern obstetrics and of evidence-based medicine, and influential in the intellectual life of Victorian Manchester.

Life
Roberton was born near Hamilton, Lanarkshire and educated for the medical profession at Glasgow and Edinburgh. He was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1817. He intended to be a ship's surgeon, and was on his way to the West Indies when he was wrecked on the Lancashire coast. While at Liverpool he was encouraged to take up his residence at Warrington. He became a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1822, and on 9 October 1823 married Mary (1794/5–1851), daughter of David Bellhouse. The couple subsequently moved to Manchester. He soon had an extensive general practice, and, on his appointment in 1827 to the post of surgeon to the Manchester Lying-in Hospital, turned his special attention to midwifery and to the physiology and diseases of women and children. He was also a lecturer at the Marsden Street School of Medicine. His first publication was Observations on the Mortality and Physical Management of Children (1827). From 1830 onwards he wrote a series of scientific papers for the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal on the time of onset of female puberty in various countries, which led James Cowles Prichard to alter some of the conclusions which he had arrived at in the earlier editions of his Physical History of Mankind. These, along with other similar papers, are reprinted in Roberton's most important work, Essays and Notes on the Physiology and Diseases of Women and on Practical Midwifery (London, 1851). He devoted much time to the subject of hospital construction and the provision of convalescent homes, on which he wrote a number of pamphlets between 1831 and 1861.

Roberton's advice was largely sought in the discipline in which he had specialized, obstetrics, and he was aware of the broader social and medical context of his work. He helped much to extend the fame of the Manchester school of obstetrics founded by Charles White and continued by John Hull and Thomas Radford.

He was an active social reformer, interesting himself in all local and national movements for improving the condition of working people and active in the Manchester Statistical Society. In religion, he was a puritan and nonconformist, and the intimate friend of the popular preachers Robert Stephen McAll and Robert Halley.

He died at his residence at New Mills, Derbyshire, where he had retired on relinquishing his practice. His wealth at death was under £40,000 (under £2.9 million at 2003 prices).

Works by Roberton
[Anon., J. Roberton] (1851) On the Partition of Landed Property
Fagg, J. [J. Roberton] (1853) Educational Voluntaryism an amiable Delusion
Roberton, J. (1836) Critical Remarks on certain recently published Opinions concerning Life and Mind
— (1839) Answer to Objections against Vaccination
— (1840) On a Proposal to withhold Outdoor Relief from Widows with Families
— (1845a) Report on the Amount and Causes of Death in Manchester
— (1845b) On the Proper Regulation of Labourers engaged in the Construction and Working of Railways
— (1850) On the Climate of Manchester
— (1854) Improvement of Municipal Government
— (1855) National Schools of Ireland
— (1857) On certain Legalised Forms of Temptation as Causes of Crime
— (1862a) Insalubrity of the Deep Cornish Mines
— (1862b) On the Laws of Nature's Ventilation
— (1865) 'The Duty of England to provide a Gratuitous Compulsory Education for the Children of the Poorer ClassesTopping, G. [J. Roberton] (1854) Educational Voluntaryism an amiable DelusionNotes

References
[Anon.] (1867) Catalogue and report of the obstetrical and other instruments exhibited at the "conversazione" of the Obstetrical Society of London, 80, 138, 167, 223 [exhibition catalogue, RCP Lond., 28 March 1866]

Mottram, J. (1984) "John Roberton, 1797–1876', in ed. W. J. Elwood and A. F. Tuxford (eds) Some Manchester Doctors: a biographical collection to mark the 150th Anniversary of the Manchester Medical Society, 1834–1984, Manchester: Manchester University Press ; pp. 83–88
— (1986) "The life and work of John Roberton (1797–1876), Manchester obstetrician and public health reformer", MSc diss., University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
— (2004) "Roberton, John (1797–1876)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 9 February 2008

ObituariesManchester Guardian, 28 August 1876;English Independent, 31 August 1876;Medical Times and Gazette'', 30 September 1876, 396

Attribution

1797 births
1876 deaths
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish reformers
Scottish obstetricians
History of Manchester
British social reformers
People from Lanarkshire
People from New Mills


Flight of the Conchords is the debut full-length studio recorded album by New Zealand folk parody duo Flight of the Conchords, released 21 April 2008 by Sub Pop. Two songs, "Business Time" and "The Most Beautiful Girl (In the Room)", have been released as downloadable content for the video game Rock Band.

Track listing

Personnel
All songs written and performed by Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie
Sara Johnston - vocals on "Foux du Fafa"
Robin Lynn - keys on "Foux du Fafa," "Think About It" and "The Most Beautiful Girl (In the Room)"
Gus Seyffert - bass on "Think About It" and "Business Time"
Danny Frankel - percussion on "Think About It," "The Prince of Parties" and "Business Time"
Mickey Petralia - drums on "Ladies of the World" and "Leggy Blonde;" percussion on "The Prince of Parties" and "A Kiss is Not a Contract"
Mark Lewis - drums on "Ladies of the World" and "The Most Beautiful Girl (In the Room)"
Kyle O'Callaghan - co-writer and guitar on "The Most Beautiful Girl (In the Room)"
Rhys Darby - vocals on "Leggy Blonde"
Scott Seiver - drums on "Business Time" and "Bowie"
David Ralicke - horns on "Bowie"

Sales and chart performance
The album debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 52,000 copies in its first week. In their home country of New Zealand, the album debuted at number two, beaten to the top spot by Shihad's Beautiful Machine. The following week it jumped to the number one spot. The album was certified 2× Platinum in New Zealand on 23 August 2009, shipping over 30,000 copies.

Appearances on the TV show

All of the tracks on the album, with the exception of track 15, were featured in an episode of the TV series Flight of the Conchords.

Tracks 9 and 12 were featured in the episode Sally.
Tracks 2 and 10 were featured in the episode Bret Gives Up the Dream.
Tracks 3 and 4 were featured in the episode Mugged.
Track 13 was featured in the episode Sally Returns.
Tracks 14 and 16 were featured in the episode Bowie.
Tracks 6 and 8 were featured in the episode Drive By.
Tracks 1 and 11 were featured in the episode Girlfriends.
Tracks 5 and 7 were featured in the episode New Fans.

Many tracks are rerecorded or slightly remixed versions of those featured in the television program.

"Business Time" previously appeared on The Distant Future EP, along with live versions of "Robots" and "The Most Beautiful Girl (In the Room)".

Music videos

A music video for the song "Ladies of the World" has been released by Sub Pop records. It is available on the Sub Pop YouTube channel.

In the video, Bret and Jemaine skate around a beach (mostly in slow motion) in a parody of "cheesy"  70's music videos. When they reach the hermaphrodite lyrics, the camera zooms in on a bulge in a woman's swimsuit. When the music fades back in at the end of the song, Bret and Jemaine "fly" into space; Bret flaps his arms and Jemaine uses his vest as wings.

Awards

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

Flight of the Conchords albums
2008 debut albums
Sub Pop albums
Anti-folk albums
Alternative rock albums by New Zealand artists
2000s comedy albums
Albums produced by Mickey Petralia


The Open Castilla y León is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour and the International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit. It has been held annually at the Villa de El Espinar in El Espinar, Segovia Province, Spain since 1986 (as a Spanish Tennis Federation event from 1986 to 1990, as a Challenger since 1991). The women's event was added to the tournament in 2015.

Past finals

Key

Men's singles

Men's doubles

Women's singles

Women's doubles

External links
Official website
ITF Search

ATP Challenger Tour
ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments
Hard court tennis tournaments
Cas
Recurring sporting events established in 1986
Sports competitions in Castile and León


VfB Speldorf is a German association football club from the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia.

History
The association was formed on 19 January 1919 as the successor to pre-World War I side Sport-Club Preußen Speldorf, which was itself the successor of Ballverein Rheinland Speldorf. Later the same year the club merged with Fußball Club Rheinland Speldorf to become Verein für Bewegungsspiele Speldorf.

The team played largely as a local side and in 1933 adopted the name VfB Mülheim-Speldorf. They captured consecutive titles in the Berziksklasse Niederrhein (II) in 1935 and 1936 and took part in promotion playoffs for the Gauliga Niederrhein, but were unsuccessful in their attempt to advance. Late in World War II, VfB played as part of the wartime club Kriegspielgemeinschaft Mülheim/Broich alongside Turn- und Spielverein Broich 1885 (1943–45), before resuming its separate identity after the conflict.

From the 40s on into the mid-50s Speldorf competed in the third tier Landesliga Niederrhein as an undistinguished side until breaking out in 1956 and capturing the division title. The team then went on to national amateur final where they were beaten 2:3 by SpVgg Neu-Isenburg. They fared poorly the next season after their advance to the 2. Liga-West (II) and were immediately relegated. They spent four more seasons in the Landesliga before slipping out of sight into local competition. VfB resurfaced in the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) in 1969 for a three-season turn before again backsliding, followed by a single season cameo appearance in the Amateuroberliga Nordrhein (III) in 1983–84. Most recently Speldorf returned to the professional ranks in the Oberliga Nordrhein (IV) in 2005.

The club currently plays in the tier five Oberliga Niederrhein after promotion from the Landesliga Niederrhein in 2017.

Honours
The club's honours:
 Bezirksklasse Niederrhein (II)
 Champions: 1934, 1935
 Landesliga Niederrhein (III)
 Champions: 1956, 1969
 Verbandsliga Niederrhein (VI)
 Champions: 2005, 2009
 German amateur championship
 Runners-up: 1956
 Lower Rhine Cup
 Winners: 2009

Stadium
Home games were played at the Stadion am Blötter Weg which could accommodate of 2,500 spectators. As part of a restructuring in 2004, a small covered grandstand was built. In 2010, the stadium was torn down.

The town of Mülheim an der Ruhr and VfB Speldorf have prepared for the move of the club to the Ruhrstadion for the 2008–09 season. The new venue holds 6,000 and is better served by a well-developed urban infrastructure than is the current site. The Ruhrstadium was the home ground of 1. FC Mülheim in the 70s during that clubs turn in the 2. Bundesliga.

References

External links
Official team site
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables (in German)

Football clubs in Germany
Sport in Mülheim
Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Association football clubs established in 1919
1919 establishments in Germany


General elections were held in Myanmar on  2010, in accordance with the new constitution, which was approved in a referendum held in . The election date was announced by the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) on .

The elections were the fifth step of the seven-step "roadmap to democracy" proposed by the SPDC in 2003, the sixth and seventh steps being the convening of elected representatives and the building of a modern, democratic nation, respectively. However, the National League for Democracy boycotted the elections. The result was a sweeping victory for the Union Solidarity and Development Party, which won nearly 80% of seats contested across the upper and lower houses. The United Nations expressed concern about the fairness of the elections, and western countries dismissed them as fraudulent.

Due to the strict separation of powers in the constitution, members elected to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw were automatically disqualified from their seats if they accepted appointment to an executive or judicial body. As a result, many elected members elected were quickly disqualified from their seats after accepting appointment to bodies such as the Cabinet of Myanmar. By-elections to fill 48 vacancies left by such appointments as well as by resignations and deaths were held in April 2012.

Background
Going into the elections, a debate emerged around whether Aung San Suu Kyi would be disqualified from contesting the elections under Article 59F of the new constitution, which banned from the Presidency any person whose spouse or children are foreign citizens. The United Nations, members of ASEAN, and Western nations, however, insisted that the elections would not be credible without the participation of Suu Kyi.

The National League for Democracy (NLD) had set a number of conditions for participating in the poll, including changes to the constitution to reduce the army's influence, international supervision for free and fair polls, and freeing all political prisoners including Suu Kyi. Senior General Than Shwe, leader of the ruling military junta, has pledged to release political prisoners in an amnesty before the election, though he has not stated when this would occur. On  2009, Suu Kyi was sentenced to imprisonment for three years with hard labour over a trespass incident.  This sentence was commuted by the military rulers to further house arrest of eighteen months. The NLD later announced they would not take part in the election due to the election laws.

Key ministries including justice, defence and the interior will remain under the control of the military and under the 2008 constitution, a quarter of the 440 parliament seats will be reserved for the military officials. People holding military positions are not permitted to contest the election; as such, 20 members of the junta, including Prime Minister Thein Sein, retired from their posts to participate in the election.

New election laws
The first of five election laws was announced in March 2010, concerning the creation of an election commission. The Union Election Commission Law states that the military government will appoint all members of the commission and have the final say over the election results. Members of the commission must be "an eminent person, to have integrity and experience, to be loyal to the state and its citizens". A 17-member election commission was later named, headed by a former military officer.

The second law bans anyone currently serving a prison term from belonging to a political party, and therefore over 2,000 political prisoners will not be able to participate, possibly including Aung San Suu Kyi (depending on whether her house arrest is deemed to fall under the definition of "serving a prison term"). The Political Parties Registration Law also bars members of religious orders, members of insurgent groups 'as defined by the state' and foreigners from joining political parties. This separation of Buddhism and politics is a long-standing feature of Myanmar politics, dating back to before independence, and was incorporated in the 1947 independence Constitution at the request of the monkhood.

The other laws stipulate that anyone currently serving a prison term is barred from running or voting in the elections for the upper and lower houses. A 224-member House of Nationalities will have 168 elected candidates and 56 nominated by the military chief, while the 440-member House of Representatives will have 330 elected civilians and 110 military representatives. At the same time, the results of the 1990 elections were annulled as they did not comply with the new election laws.

The new laws have been described as a "farce" by the Philippines and a "mockery" by the United States.

Political parties
Parties are required to have at least 1,000 members to participate in the election and had to register by . 40 parties have been approved by the Electoral Commission to contest the elections, some of which are linked to ethnic minorities.

The National League for Democracy, which overwhelmingly won the previous 1990 elections but were never allowed to take power, decided not to participate. Nonetheless, some senior members have formed the National Democratic Force to contest the elections, claiming that a boycott would play into the hands of the government.

The government has established the Union Solidarity and Development Party, the successor to the mass organisation Union Solidarity and Development Association, which claims to have around half the population as members. The National Unity Party, which contested the 1990 election as the main pro-government party and won 10 seats, has also registered to run. Reuters estimates that six parties in total are allied to the government.

The new Democratic Party, established by Mya Than Than Nu, the daughter of former Prime Minister of Myanmar, U Nu and Nay Ye Ba Swe, the daughter of former Prime Minister Ba Swe, is aiming to take part in the election. Mya Than Than Nu will run as General Secretary of the party. Media coverage of the party has been banned by the military government.

Another new party is being formed comprising members of a ceasefire group and a party that won seats in the 1990 elections. Five former members of the New Mon State Party (NMSP) and five members of Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF) together with five other Mon elites, who make up the new party, founded a 15-member committee and later announced that they are not going to participate in the upcoming election.

The Shan Nationalities League for Democracy, a Shan political party that came second in the 1990 election, is participating in the election as the Shan Nationalities Democratic Party.

The SPDC has not answered opposition calls to amend the 2008 constitution or state clearly how the electoral process will be managed and the terms that new political parties can organise. In a speech to military retirees, Than Shwe said that the transition to a parliamentary system meant various parties with different opinions would appear, but he warned that the new parties should "avoid anything that leads to harming state interests".

The constituencies available for contesting are 330 civilian seats in the House of Representatives (out of 440) and 168 civilian seats in the House of Nationalities (out of 224). The remaining seats are designated for military officials and to be selected by the military chief.

During an East Asian summit in Vietnam, Foreign Minister Nyan Win confirmed Than Shwe would not be running in the election.

Contesting political parties
Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organisation (MKNSO)
National Unity Party (NUP)
Lahu National Development Party (LNDP)
Kokang Democracy and Unity Party (KDUP)
Pa-O National Organisation (PNO)
Democratic Party (Myanmar) (DPM)
Kayan National Party (KNP)
Rakhine State National Force of Myanmar (RSNF)
Kayin People's Party (KPP)
Wa National Unity Party (WNUP)
Ta'ang National Party (TPNP)
All Mon Region Democracy Party (AMRDP)
Democracy and Peace Party (DPP)
Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP)
United Democratic Party (UnitedDP)
888 Generation Student Youths (Union of Myanmar, 8GSY)
Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics (UMNPF)
National Political Alliances League (NPAL)
Democratic Party for Myanmar New Society (DPMNS)
Chin National Party (CNP)
Wuntharnu NLD (Union of Myanmar, WNLD)
Modern People Party  (MPP)
Union Democratic Party  (UnionDP)
Peace and Diversity Party  (PDP)
Chin Progressive Party  (CPP)
Inn National Progressive Party (INPP)
Rakhine Nationalities Development Party (RNDP)
Wa Democratic Party (WDP)
Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party (PSDP)
National Democratic Party for Development (NDPD)
Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)
Ethnic National Development Party (ENDP)
Myanmar Democracy Congress (MDC)
Mro National Party (MNP)
Kaman National Progressive Party (KNPP)
Khami National Development Party (KNDP)
National Democratic Force (NDF)
Regional Development Party (Pyay, RDPP)
Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State (UDPKS)

Conduct

Cancelled elections
Due to ongoing insurgent violence, elections were cancelled in parts of Mon State (4.08% of village-tracts), Shan State (10.69%), Kayah State (11.93%), Kachin State (16.60%), and Kayin State (47.25%).

Violence
There have been concerns from aid agencies that the upcoming election could see a growing number of refugees fleeing to Thailand and China, due to alleged government repression, poverty and low-level ethnic conflict. Ceasefires between the military government and ethnic groups were also deteriorating.

In the run up to the election, there were several bomb blasts in Myanmar. A bomb attack on Myanmar New Year killed at least nine people in Yangon and injured many others, including the regional commander of the Myanma Army, while a series of explosions were reported at a hydroelectric project being jointly built by a Chinese company in the north of the country, the latter thought to be the work of anti-government groups.

International response
The United Nations has expressed concern about the fairness of the election and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon expressed "grave concern" that Aung San Suu Kyi would not be released before the election and thus it would "lack credibility." He accused the government of being "slow and incomplete" to meet political commitments, and said it was "deeply frustrating" that the government would not hold talks with the "international community."

The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Jiang Yu, commented on the election during Than Shwe's visit to China. "The international community can provide constructive help [for the elections] and refrain from any negative impact on the domestic political process of Myanmar and on regional peace and stability."

The following day, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton spoke to the US Senate Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on State and Foreign Affairs where she mentioned that the trial against Aung San Suu Kyi was allegedly "baseless charges." She also added that the government was "continuing resistance to a free and open electoral process. If they stay on the track they're on, their elections in 2010 will be totally illegitimate and without any meaning in the international community." She admitted that "We are absolutely committed to trying to come up with an approach that might influence the regime. We are going to try to do our best to influence them to see that this repressive regime is not one that we should continue to support, and hopefully get a greater international base to take action against them." She claimed to have support from other countries, "I have been heartened by the response that we have received. I have spoken to a number of the foreign secretaries of ASEAN countries, who've issued strong statements." She added that she was working to get more support in the United Nations.

UK Foreign Minister William Hague said that "holding flawed elections does not represent change."

Monitors
Myanmar barred foreign observers and the international media from the election. The election commission chief, Thein Soe, did add, however, that diplomats and representatives from UN organisations in the country would be allowed to observe the election. He justified the decision saying "We are holding the election for this country. It's not for other countries ... We will have credibility after holding the election in front of all the people."

Election day
The election was held amid tight security. Initial reports pointed to a light turnout across the country, possibly as low as 20% in some areas, and the possibility of irregularities. The Guardian reported that independent local observers were reporting "widespread voter intimidation and bribery" in the election.

Results
On 11 November, state radio announced the results for 147 constituencies in the Lower House, with the USDP winning 133. The USDP won 81 of 86 races newly announced for the Upper House. The new and previously announced results show the USDP gained majorities in both houses of parliament: 190 out of the 219 (86%) seats announced for the 330-seat lower house, and 95 out of 107 (88%) seats announced for the 168-seat upper house.

The Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) won 80% of the seats that were up for election. The two largest opposition parties, the National Democratic Front and the Democratic Party conceded defeat; however, along with four other opposition parties, filed formal complaints about fraud with the election commission.

The final results were announced by the Myanmar Union Election Commission on 17 November 2010.
Detailed results in English are available.

House of Nationalities
168 of the 224 seats in the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities) were up for election. The remaining 56 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as "Army Representatives").

House of Representatives
325 of the 440 seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives) were up for election after 5 seats in Shan State were cancelled. The remaining 110 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as "Army Representatives").

Reactions
Than Nyein, the chairman of the National Democratic Force, claimed the election was marred by irregularities. "We have our evidence. Some candidates complained ... because there was vote cheating." Khin Maung Swe, the leader of the opposition National Democratic Force alleged: "We took the lead at the beginning but the USDP later came up with so-called advance votes and that changed the results completely, so we lost."

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon claimed voting conditions had been "insufficiently inclusive, participatory and transparent."

The People's Republic of China's Foreign Ministry  said the election was "a critical step for Myanmar in implementing the seven-step road map in the transition to an elected government, and thus is welcome."

India was conspicuously silent with segments of the Indian media questioning whether principle gave way to expediency.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov welcomed the vote and characterised it as a "step forward in the democratisation of Burmese society."

During a speech to the Indian parliament, US President Barack Obama said of the election that "When peaceful democratic movements are suppressed – as in Burma – then the democracies of the world cannot remain silent ... It is unacceptable to steal an election as the regime in Burma has done again for the world to see."

Edwin Lacierda, the spokesperson of Philippine president Benigno Aquino III, said in a press conference in Malacañang Palace that " [We] express our disappointment towards the actions done by the Burmese government towards the NLD, and also with regards to such a farce-like elections which just appeared to be a display."

Analysis
At the time of the election Aljazeera argued that the election marginalised Aung San Suu Kyi. It  asked "How much power and reach would she still have to rally her followers barely a week after the south-east Asian nation's first general election in two decades?" One such reason was because the NLD's boycott may have failed if it does not play the right cards in dealing with at least a semblance of an elected opposition in a "semi-legitimate" parliament. Pending her release from jail, the political atmosphere would have changed because of a new military leadership that may not be as "cosmopolitan" and "practical" in dealing both with her and external players. The British ambassador to Myanmar, Andrew Heyn, also said: "What they the junta do when Suu Kyi is released will send a message. She is well informed and committed and wants to stay involved."

Aftermath

The following day clashes erupted between the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and government forces in Myawaddy by the Thai border. The fighting spilled over to the town of Three Pagodas Pass with reports that the DKBA had seized the town from the military. According to some reports, the DKBA planned the action in the towns of Myawaddy and Three Pagodas Pass to take advantage of the deployment of the military for election monitoring. Many voters in the area, fearing an attack, stayed away from the polls.

Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was released from house arrest on 13 November, despite a court ruling quashing her release. She then said there were no regrets over her party's boycott of the election. To have change, she said, "The people have to want it, and they have to be united."

Suu Kyi and her party participated and won seats in the subsequent 2012 by-elections. The next Myanmar general election was held in 2015.

Changes during the term of office
On 9 September 2011 Tun Aung Khaing (USDP) replaced Aung Kyaw Zan (RNDP) who had been removed from office.

References

External links
Burma Election 2010 – The Irrawaddy
Election Information
Pierce, Patrick. Impunity or Reconciliation in Burma's Transition, International Center for Transitional Justice
Election coverage – Mizzima

Elections in Myanmar
Myanmar
2010 in Myanmar
Burmese democracy movements
Myanmar
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results


The Mecklenburg Resolves, or Charlotte Town Resolves, were a list of statements adopted at Charlotte, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina on May 31, 1775; drafted in the month following the fighting at Lexington and Concord. Similar lists of resolves were issued by other local colonial governments at that time, none of which called for independence from Great Britain. The Mecklenburg Resolves are thought to be the basis for the unproven "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence". While not a declaration, the Resolves annulled and vacated all laws originating from the authority of the King or Parliament, and ended recognition of the Crown's power in the colony of North Carolina and all other American colonies. It became the first colony to formally do so, taking place about a year before the Halifax Resolves were passed by the Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress.

Creating the "Resolves"
The Mecklenburg Resolves document was created by the Mecklenburg County Committee of Safety on or after May 20, 1775, and adopted by that same committee on May 31, 1775. This was just weeks after what is now considered the first battles in the American War for Independence at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.

The Resolves proclaimed that "all Laws...derived from the Authority of the King or Parliament, are annulled and vacated," and that the Provincial government "under the Great Continental Congress is invested with all legislative and executive Powers...and that no other Legislative or Executive does or can exist, at this time, in any of these Colonies."

Captain James Jack is reputed to have relayed the Resolves document to the North Carolina delegation made up of Richard Caswell, William Hooper, and Joseph Hewes meeting at the Continental Congress. There, the delegates received it but decided not to present it at that time to the Congress as a whole. These resolves were drafted only a month following the outbreak of civil unrest at Lexington and Concord. Similar lists of resolves were issued by other localities at the time and throughout the next 14 months (such as the Tryon Resolves in the neighboring Tryon County). None of these actually called for independence.

Intent
The Mecklenburg Resolves left the door open to reconciliation if Parliament were to "resign its unjust and arbitrary Pretentions  with respect to America", in which case the resolutions would no longer be in force. Although a display of defiance, the Mecklenburg Resolves were not, by any means, a declaration that the people of Mecklenburg County were free and independent of The Crown.

Reported loss
The original ratified document of the "Mecklenburg Resolves" (or alleged "Mecklenburg Declaration") was said to have burned in an 1800 fire at a private residence where it was being kept.  There are no independently published contemporaneous accounts of the wording of the document.

Signatories
There are no published contemporaneous accounts of who signed the Mecklenburg Resolves.

Resolves text found
Proof that the Mecklenburg Resolves existed was found in 1838. The case for the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Resolves, but not a declaration of independence was bolstered with the discovery by historian Peter Force of an abbreviated list of resolutions that were adopted in Mecklenburg County on May 31, 1775. These differed widely from the purported text of the declaration of May 20. Then, in 1847, the complete text of The Resolves was found in the archives of the South Carolina Gazette. The newspaper had reported the committee's result and published the text, on June 13, 1775. The article gave the date of adoption of the Mecklenburg Resolves as May 31, 1775. It did not list any signatories.

Controversy surrounding a "declaration"

According to North Carolinian folklore, citizens of Mecklenburg County assembled in Charlotte on May 20, 1775, and wrote a declaration of independence from Britain, known as the "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence". Some claim it to be the first 'declaration of independence' in America. Such a declaration would have antedated the less freedom-seeking Resolves by eleven days (a contradiction in logic); and would have preceded the Declaration of Independence by over a year.

Conjecture and missing evidence

Conclusive evidence of an independence-seeking document has not been found, even in extant newspapers of the time.

Following the 1800 fire, several reported attempts at that time to re-create the text of the burned document added to the confusion and controversy. This is especially true because some of the "re-created text" now borrowed actual passages from the United States Declaration of Independence. The text of the supposed declaration was created not only from an attempted reconstruction cobbled together decades after the events of 1775 from the memories of the few surviving signers (including John McKnitt Alexander) but also from the descendants of the May 1775 drafting committee relying on passed-down family lore.

Many historians believe the story of a declaration of independence was created by surviving document signers many years after the event, who mistakenly remembered the actual events surrounding the adoption of the Mecklenburg Resolves. Following the fire that destroyed the originals, references to the Resolves and the Declaration were used increasingly more interchangeably, until the time of the Massachusetts Essex Register News publication (1819) of the purported text of a "Declaration". The background information for that article was supplied by McKnitt's son—two years after his death. Each statement printed in the Essex Register article begins with the word, 'Resolved'. The article was judged a hoax at the time by Thomas Jefferson and John Adams.

The controversy over the Mecklenburg Declaration entered a new phase with the discovery of the text of Mecklenburg Resolves. It was then asked how can one account for two very different sets of resolutions supposedly adopted only eleven days apart by the same committee? How was it possible that citizens of Mecklenburg County declared independence on May 20, and then met again on May 31, to pass less revolutionary resolutions? For skeptics of the Mecklenburg Declaration, the answer was that the Declaration was a misdated, inaccurate recreation of the authentic Resolves. Supporters of the Declaration maintain that both documents are genuine, and were adopted to serve different purposes.

North Carolina's official acceptance
Nonetheless, the North Carolina government has endorsed the story, and the date of the unverified Mecklenburg Declaration, rather than the verified "Mecklenburg Resolves," is memorialized on the State Seal and the North Carolina state flag (see illustrations).

See also
 Halifax Resolves

Notes

References

External links
The Charlottetown Resolves at Yale
Learn NC
Live Journal - NC

1775 documents
1775 in North Carolina
1775 in politics
Documents of the American Revolution
History of Charlotte, North Carolina
North Carolina in the American Revolution


Le Cochon ("The Pig") is a fifty-minute featurette co-directed by Jean Eustache and Jean-Michel Barjol in 1970.  Shot in a cinema verité style, it documents the traditional killing of a plump pig in a French rural village.  Eustache had directed his first version of La Rosiere de Pessac (surrounding another annual tradition in his home village) in much the same unobtrusive style two years previously.

References

French documentary films
1970 films
Films directed by Jean Eustache
1970s French films