100 West Washington is a high-rise skyscraper in Downtown Phoenix, Arizona, United States.

Formerly known as Wells Fargo Plaza, it opened as the First National Bank Plaza on October 25, 1971 and was later known as the First Interstate Bank Building. It is 356 feet (109 m) tall. It is designed in the Brutalist style, an architectural style spawned from the International Style. The “raw concrete” element of Brutalist architecture allows for no exterior finish which exposes the rough concrete columns and beams.

The tower was designed by the Phoenix office of Charles Luckman and Associates and constructed by the Henry C. Beck Company.

The tower sits on a base three stories high, then rises to its full height. The repetitive angular windows add another Brutalist element of blocky appearance and expression of structure.

The Wells Fargo History Museum was located on the first floor, but closed in 2020. Exhibits included an extensive collection of western-themed art depicting Wells Fargo's role in the mines of Arizona, a 19th-century stagecoach, telegraph equipment and minerals.

After anchor tenant Wells Fargo departed for its suburban campus located in nearby Chandler, the Phoenix City Council voted in July 2021 to purchase the building for $46.5 million. The primary motivation at the time was to relocate the City's 911 operations and other city departments as needed. The large yellow Wells Fargo logo that had adorned the building's north and south facades for years was removed in late 2021, reflecting the change in ownership.

In June 2022, the City of Phoenix began soliciting bids to relocate the Phoenix Police Department to the tower at an estimated renovation cost of $90 million.  No other city departments are programmed for the building.

References

External links

 http://www.wellsfargohistory.com/museums/museums_ph.htm
 Emporis.com
 http://www.coppersquare.com

Skyscraper office buildings in Phoenix, Arizona
Office buildings completed in 1971
Wells Fargo buildings
Bank buildings in Arizona
Charles Luckman buildings
1971 establishments in Arizona


Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland is a reference work published by HarperCollins, edited by the husband and wife team, John and Julia Keay.

History
Scots had provided the impetus for a number of well-known references works, Chambers Dictionary and Encyclopædia Britannica amongst them (the latter still uses a Scottish thistle as a logo), but hitherto there had been no general purpose Scottish encyclopaedia.

Statistics
The encyclopaedia took seven years to compile and has appeared in two editions. The first edition, published in 1994, contained about a million words, nearly five hundred illustrations, and had 126 contributors, ranging from Derick Thomson to David Steel, from Alan Bold to Neil MacCormick and from Joy Hendry to Sir William Macpherson of Cluny. It has four thousand individual entries, and an index indicating further references in other articles.

Articles

In the original edition, the first entry is Aaron Scotus, and the last on the marquisate of Zetland (the only Z entry).

The aim seems to have been to have reasonably brief entries on most topics, but subjects that get lengthier ones, include Scotland's major cities (including the traditional city of Perth), association football and rugby in Scotland, the Scottish Gaelic language, Scots law etc. A wide variety of topics are dealt with, including figures from science, literature, philosophy, sport and history.

Less "obvious" topics which have entries include the Roman general Agricola (who tried to invade Scotland), the hooded crow, Berwick-upon-Tweed (which  has a stormy past, lying right on the Anglo-Scottish Border) and medicinal plants.

Several appendices cover the schisms (and mergers) of Scottish Presbyterian factions from 1700 to the date of publication, and also the Scottish royal line.

Second edition
The second edition in 2000 contained over a hundred new articles, amongst them, ones on Billy Bremner the footballer, Dolly the Sheep, the Scottish Parliament and the politician John Smith.

References
 Most of the above information is taken from the first edition of Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland

See also
Gazetteer for Scotland

1994 non-fiction books
2000 non-fiction books
1994 in Scotland
Books about Scotland
Scotland
English-language encyclopedias
Scottish encyclopedias
20th-century encyclopedias
21st-century encyclopedias


Derrick Todd Harmon (born April 26, 1963) is a former professional American football player who played running back for the San Francisco 49ers from 1984 to 1986.

Harmon played college football at Cornell University, where he still holds numerous records. He was a two-time Academic All-American, a member of the Associated Press Division I-AA All-America second-team, and a two-time member of the All-Ivy first-team. He received the Asa Bushnell Award as the Ivy League Player of the Year, and was named Cornell's first ever Sophomore of the Year in 1981 (now renamed Rookie of the Year). Harmon was the fourth person in Ivy League history to go over 1,000 yards in one season, running 1,056 yards in seven Ivy games in 1983, with his leading blocker, David Menapace.  He was voted the team's Most Valuable Player and was named the Athlete of the Year of by The Cornell Daily Sun and The Ithaca Journal. Harmon graduated as an engineering physics major in 1984 and was a member of the Quill and Dagger society.

In 1984, Harmon was drafted to the National Football League in the ninth round by the San Francisco 49ers. It was not until 1997 that another Cornellian was drafted by the NFL. He played in the Super Bowl XIX win against the Miami Dolphins in 1985 and was the first alumnus of Cornell University to win a Super Bowl ring.

Harmon was inducted into the Cornell University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1989. He is the brother of NFL players Ronnie Harmon and Kevin Harmon.
Derrick was an engineering student and later pursued a career in academics.

“Derrick was my friend at Cornell University.  He helped me get through Physics 101, with his incredible patience and superior intellect.”  Lori Sullivan, personal quote.

References

1963 births
Living people
Cornell Big Red football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Bayside High School (Queens) alumni

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/27/sports/players-from-bayside-high-to-49ers.html


The Pontalba Buildings form two sides of Jackson Square in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. They are matching red-brick, one-block-long, four‑story buildings built between 1849–1851 by the Baroness Micaela Almonester Pontalba. The ground floors house shops and restaurants; and the upper floors are apartments which, reputedly, are the oldest continuously-rented such apartments in the United States.

History and description
Baroness Pontalba, an accomplished businesswoman, invested in real estate, purchasing the land on the upriver and downriver sides of the Place d'Armes. She constructed two Parisian-style row house buildings between 1849–1851, at a cost of over $300,000. The buildings include the first recorded instance in the city of the use of cast iron 'galleries', which set a fashion that soon became the most prominent feature of the city's residential architecture. The cast-iron panels in the first floor balustrade feature her initials, 'AP', intertwined in the design.

The building fronting Rue St. Peter, upriver from Jackson Square, is the upper Pontalba. The building on the other side, fronting Rue St. Ann, is the lower Pontalba Building.

Baroness Pontalba died in France in 1874, and the Pontalba family retained ownership of the buildings until the 1920s; but they did not take an interest in the townhouses, so they fell into disrepair. The heirs sold the lower building to local philanthropist William Ratcliffe Irby, who in turn bequeathed the property to the Louisiana State Museum. Local civic leaders acquired the upper building, which they sold to a foundation in 1930, the Pontalba Building Museum Association. The foundation turned the upper building over to the City of New Orleans, which has owned it since the 1930s.

According to Christina Vella, historian of modern Europe, the Pontalba Buildings were not the first apartment buildings in the present-day U.S., as is commonly believed. They were originally built as row houses, not rental apartments. The row houses were turned into apartments during the 1930s renovations (during the Great Depression).

In the short story "Hidden Gardens," Truman Capote describes them as "the oldest, in some ways most somberly elegant, apartment houses in America, the Pontalba Buildings."

They were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 for their early and distinctive architecture.

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans Parish, Louisiana
 Hôtel de Pontalba

References

National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
French Quarter
Commercial buildings completed in 1850
Residential buildings completed in 1850
Buildings and structures in New Orleans
French colonial architecture
French
1849 establishments in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in New Orleans


William Henry Maw (6 December 1838 – 19 March 1924) was a British civil engineer and astronomer. Born into a seafaring family and orphaned at age 16, Maw was taken into the workshops of the Eastern Counties Railway as an assistant before progressing to the design office as a draughtsman. He was made the head of the office and designed the first outside cylinder locomotive for use in India. In 1865 he founded the journal Engineering and remained an editor for the rest of his life. He left the railway and became a consulting engineer his many works including printing presses for several newspapers and magazines. He was president of the Civil and Mechanical Engineers' Society, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Civil Engineers.

Maw was also a keen astronomer and was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) with a particular interest in double stars. He co-founded the British Astronomical Association for amateur astronomers and served as its treasurer and president. He later became a council member, treasurer and president of the RAS. During the First World War he served his country as a committee member for the Ministry of Munitions and upon the board of the National Physical Laboratory.

Early life
Maw was born in Scarborough on 6 December 1838 into a seafaring family, his father was a captain of the Merchant navy and both of his grandfathers were captains of the Royal Navy. He was privately educated at Syke's School in his hometown and it was there that he befriended Edward Harland who would later co-found the Harland and Wolff shipbuilding company. In 1853 his father was lost at sea, leaving the family without an income, his mother died shortly afterwards, leaving William an orphan at age 16.

Engineer
In March 1855 he was taken on as an assistant first in the carriage and then the locomotive workshops of the Eastern Counties Railway at Stratford Works. During this period he studied drawing at the Mechanics' Institute, later to become Birkbeck College, as a result of this he was occasionally requested to work in the drawing office. He was so talented at drawing that in 1859, at the age of 21, he was made head of the office. In this period he designed locomotives for the East Indian Railway Company, his design being the first outside cylinder engine in use in the country, the valve gears used in these locomotives was the subject of a report to the 1862 International Exhibition.

In 1865 he left Eastern Counties and, with Zerah Colburn, founded the journal Engineering. He would remain an editor of the journal for the rest of his life.  Around this time he set up a private engineering consultancy which specialised in workshop and factory design and notably he was responsible for the lay out printing presses of the Daily Telegraph, The Field and The Queen. He was honoured by several professional institutions for his contributions and was made president of the Civil and Mechanical Engineers' Society in 1863, of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1901 and of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1922. When he presented his inaugural address to the members of the latter institution he demonstrated full knowledge of recent developments in the industry, including X-ray technology; new metal alloys and renovations in turbines and gearing systems; despite being 83 years old at this time.

Astronomer
Maw was a keen astronomer keeping two observatories at his house which he used to record measurements of double stars over a period of twenty years, the results of which were published in the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) journal. He was made a fellow of the RAS on 14 December 1888. He co-founded the British Astronomical Association, an amateur astronomy association, and served as its treasurer from 1890 to 1913 and its president from 1898 to 1900. In 1892 he was elected as a member of the council of the RAS, serving as treasurer from 1900 to 1905 and as president from 1905 to 1907.

Later life
Maw was created an honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of Glasgow in 1909 for his contributions to mechanical engineering. He served upon the board of the National Physical Laboratory and on several committees for the Ministry of Munitions during the First World War. He died at home on 19 March 1924 and was survived by his wife, three sons and six daughters.

References

External links
 Portrait of William H. Maw from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections

British civil engineers
1838 births
1924 deaths
People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
Engineering journalists
Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)


Nutec AS is a Norwegian company working with security and preparedness for emergency exits, fire on oil rigs. Among the activities are education for oil rig workers.

External links
 Nutec homepage

Business services companies of Norway
Occupational safety and health


James Madison (1751–1836) was the president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

James Madison may also refer to:

 James Madison Sr. (1723–1801), American farmer and entrepreneur
 James Madison (bishop) (1749–1812), American bishop
 James Madison (Medal of Honor) (1842–1926), United States Army sergeant and Medal of Honor recipient
 James Jonas Madison (1884–1922), American sailor & Medal of Honor recipient
 James Madison (born 1956/57), American bank robber a.k.a. the Mad Hatter
 James Madison (musician) (1935–2008), known as James "Pee Wee" Madison, the blues guitar player from the band Muddy Waters
 James S. Madison (1846–1892), Mississippi politician
 James H. Madison, American writer

See also
 James Maddison (born 1996), English footballer
 James Madison University, a university located in Harrisonburg, Virginia
 James Madison Dukes, the university's athletic program
 Jimmy Madison (disambiguation)
 USS James Madison, several ships


White Horse Scotch Whisky is a blended Scotch whisky produced by Diageo in Scotland. It was first produced by James Logan Mackie in Edinburgh in 1861. In 2006, White Horse won blended whisky of the year in Murray's 2007 Whisky Bible.

Composition
White Horse is a blended whisky, as opposed to the single malt style. White Horse is particularly noted for its use of the Lagavulin.

History
During World War 2, White Horse scotch was provided to crews of the 467th Bombardment Group during mission debriefings. The late New York Yankee manager Joe McCarthy favored the White Horse brand of scotch. When he imbibed to excess he was said to be "riding the white horse". Other whiskies coming from the White Horse stable include Logan.

Popular culture
White Horse is featured in Mieko Kawakami's Breast and Eggs: A Novel (2020) as the main feature of the "all you can drink special" at the Chanel Bar in Tokyo.
In his song "Beeswing," English musician Richard Thompson sings of a travelling woman who has "White Horse in her hip pocket, and a wolfhound at her feet".
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the advertising slogan of White Horse Whisky was "you can take a white horse anywhere", accompanied by a white horse in various settings, such as a garden party.
In Agatha Christie's novel The ABC Murders a letter sent to Poirot is addressed to  White Horse Mansions, instead of White Haven Mansions, his correct address. The characters speculate that the sender was drinking White Horse Whisky as he typed it.
In Richard Yates's 1961 novel Revolutionary Road, a small model horse taken from around a White Horse whisky bottle and gifted to her by her father serves as an important symbol of nostalgia, love, and hope for April Wheeler.

References

External links
Whisky.com – White Horse Blended Scotch Whisky
Gordon & MacPhail – Whisky Guide – Distillery Profiles – Glen Elgin Distillery

Scottish brands
Diageo brands
1861 introductions
1861 establishments in Scotland
Blended Scotch whisky
Companies based in Edinburgh
British companies established in 1861
Food and drink companies established in 1861


John Maus (born February 23, 1980) is an American musician, composer, singer, and songwriter known for his baritone singing style and his use of vintage synthesizer sounds and Medieval church modes, a combination that often draws comparisons to 1980s goth-pop. His early lo-fi recordings anticipated and inspired the late 2000s hypnagogic pop movement. On stage, he is characterized for his intense displays of emotion while performing. He is also a former teacher of philosophy at the University of Hawaii, where he later earned his PhD in political science.

Maus' early influences included Nirvana, Syd Barrett, Jim Morrison, and composers of the  Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque eras. In 1998, he left his hometown of Austin, Minnesota to study experimental music at the California Institute of the Arts. When he befriended and first worked alongside classmate Ariel Pink, he took a greater interest in pop music. He produced most of the music from his first two albums Songs (2006) and Love Is Real (2007) on cassette tape with an early 1990s sound bank. The albums generally drew negative reviews upon release, and it was not until the success of his third, We Must Become the Pitiless Censors of Ourselves (2011), that he became more widely accepted as an outsider artist. Following a five-year absence from public appearances and releasing new music, he returned in 2017 with the album Screen Memories.

Writings about Maus frequently link his music to his academic vocations, although Maus himself denies composing with an aesthetic or political theory in mind. He says that on some of his songs, his intention is to investigate "forgotten" electronic palettes, harmonies that were historically associated with "the divine", and lyrics that follow certain social idioms to their "absurd conclusions". His dissertation, "Communication and Control" (2014), discusses the influence of technology on social control.

Biography

Early years

Maus was born and raised in Austin, Minnesota and had a middle-class upbringing. The earliest songs he could recall hearing was "Chariots of Fire" by Vangelis, and after that, early MTV hits such as Starship's "We Built This City" (1985). As a teenager, he listened mainly to Nirvana and Syd Barrett, performed in punk bands, and created music with his computer. He said that he began playing an instrument "around 12 or 13" and remembered that "the [only] culture I was exposed to was what was coming through MTV, Top 40 radio and maybe a classic rock station or something like that. ...  I lived out in a very small town, with no boutique record stores and no college kids." Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" created "a fascination for musical details" for him, and when he got his first bass guitar, "I didn’t take any lessons or learn how to play it. I’d just kind of pluck on the bass and scream my heart out." Afterward, he became fascinated with the life and music of Syd Barrett, and recorded his own version of Barrett's 1970 song "Feel" from The Madcap Laughs.

In 1998, Maus began his undergraduate in music composition at the California Institute of the Arts, by which time he had formed an appreciation for experimental music, such as the work of Michael Pisaro, as well as Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music. When he befriended and began to work alongside classmate Ariel Pink (Ariel Rosenberg), he took a greater interest in pop music. The first time he heard Rosenberg play was at a concert put up by students from the visual arts department. He recalled thinking: "You know, Okay, maybe I’m not going to do experimental music anymore, because I was ... doing all of these performances like [Morton] Feldman and [John] Cage. ...  I left that aside and took up pop as the best bet, largely because of my encounter there with Ariel, and the early work he was doing." Rosenberg called Maus "arguably my best friend" and "my very first fan", and in turn, Maus called him "the zeitgeist embodied. He is the figure of this situation and of this time, of the cloud, of the spectacle gone online."

After Maus and Rosenberg became roommates, Maus recorded the material from his first album using a cassette multi-track recorder and an early 1990s synthesizer soundbank. For a time, Maus was a member of the Haunted Graffiti stage band. They collaborated on the title track of Rosenberg's Lover Boy (2002). Maus said that Rosenberg made contributions to some of his own songs, but was not credited "because neither of us care enough about any 'official' credit."  He later completed his degree in experimental music composition in 2003. By 2005, Maus had also taken about a year in "art criticism or something". For two of his college years, he "couldn’t write a thing ... and it horrified me. ... Nothing did what I felt music ought to do. I had to feel like I’d started to get there, at least in my mind, before I could share it with people." At his most "prolific", he could write only one song a month.

Label signing

In 2003, Rosenberg signed to Animal Collective's Paw Tracks, and over the next few years, some of his early, self-released CD-Rs were widely distributed for the first time. Maus had also self-released CD-Rs of his work, which he submitted to several labels, including Paw Tracks and Kill Rock Stars, but was rejected. Both Maus and Rosenberg backed Animal Collective's Panda Bear for his solo tour of Europe, where Maus served as keyboardist. Sometimes Maus was also the opening act for these shows.  Eventually, after a performance in London, he encountered agents from Upset the Rhythm, who agreed to distribute his music. Although Maus' first two official albums Songs (2006) and Love Is Real (2007) generally drew negative reviews upon release, he gradually built a cult following.

After Love Is Real, Maus was awarded a scholarship to study political philosophy at the University of Hawaii, where he had a day job as a lecturer. In the evenings, he continued working on music from his office. In 2009, Maus relocated from Hawaii to a secluded cabin in Minnesota, where he struggled to write material for a third album. He said that he eventually gave up, and instead began "doing lots of chemistry projects and chromatography experiments. I set myself on fire a few times heating inflammable solvents." Meanwhile, he continued his studies at the European Graduate School in Saas Fee, Switzerland and earned his master's degree. He did not live in Switzerland, "but would go out there in the summers. It's like that Black Mountain thing that they did over here years ago, where they bring out all of the heavy hitters and you can study with them yourself."

One of his professors from the university was the French philosopher Alain Badiou, who would originate the title of his third album We Must Become the Pitiless Censors of Ourselves (2011). Maus wrote the album in "search for the perfect pop song." After the album's positive response, he grew more widely accepted as an outsider artist, and there was a critical reevaluation of his earlier work. In 2012, the album was followed with the compilation A Collection of Rarities and Previously Unreleased Material. Spanning recordings from 1999 to 2010, the collection selects outtakes from his previous three albums in addition to tracks which had appeared on other compilations. The album was conceived by Ribbon Music; Maus did not consider it an "official record" but was "grateful that they [the label] thought anybody would be interested in having it."

In a 2011 Pitchfork interview, Maus suggested that he was happy that music was increasingly becoming free to the public and that record stores were "coming to an end". The remarks embroiled him in an online controversy, after which he tweeted a lengthy apology which clarified that he was referring to "the Megastores of the world", not "the small DIY record shops".

2012–present

Maus envisioned that after he completed his PhD dissertation, he would return to teaching, stating in 2011 that he could not foresee a career in music. At the same time, he started experimenting with recreational drugs for the first time in his life, "going into sensory deprivation tanks and just trying any trick I could think of. I became solely obsessed with this at the expense of anything else." From 2012 to 2016, he did not release any new music, and spent the majority of the time in isolation. Two years were devoted to finishing his dissertation, while another two were spent learning how to build modular synthesizers. Completed and submitted in 2014, the 338-page thesis "Communication and Control" discussed the influence of technology on social control, and he was thereby awarded his PhD in political science from the University of Hawaii, where his thesis advisor was Michael J. Shapiro. He immediately started building the instruments that were ultimately used for the recording of his next album. At least two albums' worth of tracks were finished shortly before the end of 2016.

His fourth official album, Screen Memories, was released on October 27, 2017. It was followed by Addendum on April 20, 2018. In an October 2017 interview, Maus indicated a desire to record an album with Rosenberg: "We’re both swamped right now ... but I've been talking about it for a long time, and he's been talking about it. It’s just a question of finding the right moment, which I think will be after this." To support Screen Memories and Addendum, he embarked on his first solo tour with a live band, featuring his brother Joe Maus on bass, Minneapolis musician Luke Darger on keyboards, and Jonathan Thompson on drums. The tour began on August 15, 2017 and lasted until the next year. On July 28, 2018, Joe Maus died hours before a planned show at the annual Cēsis Art Festival in Latvia. His obituary stated that the cause was a  "previously undiagnosed heart condition". The remaining dates were immediately cancelled. Later in the year, Maus resumed touring without his backing band.

Since then, Maus has played occasional gigs, including a November 2021 performance at the music festival Substance in Los Angeles. Maus had invited Ariel Pink to be his sound engineer for this performance, however, one of the festival promoters recommended against this out of fear of controversy. According to Pink, Maus, who would have protested out of principle, went ahead with the performance due to financial troubles. Pink recalled, "I said, I’ll pay you the money. I know they’re not paying you that much." He and Maus have not spoken since.

In July 2023, George Clanton's ElectroniCON 2023 music festival removed Maus from their line up following complaints on social media and from other scheduled performers. Maus donated portions of his cancellation fee to social justice charities and, in a subsequent statement, apologized for making "the ElectroniCON artists & fans feel unsafe".

Style and philosophy

Performances and rhetoric

On stage, Maus is known for his intense displays of emotion while performing. The Guardian noted him as a "ferocious theoretician" who "pogos, head-bangs and gives vent to a succession of feral howls as he jack-knifes at the waist." Until 2017, he only performed one-man "karaoke shows" in which he sang over prerecorded music. He is also characterized "as much a professional existentialist as he is a synth-pop musician" and that "reading his interviews can make your cerebral cortex pulse with befuddlement." The BBC's Charles Ubaghs distinguished Maus as "a serious believer in pop music. ... Behind these retro overtones is a desire to explore our modern relationships with pop, and its impact on our wider philosophical and cultural lives." The review also remarked that on Maus' self-referential tendencies: "Couple this with lyrics like The Fear’s surprisingly frank 'What’s wrong with me, ‘cause I’ve tried everything,' and you’ve an accessibly rich portrait of Maus' ever-questioning mind."

Maus relates his erratic stage demeanor to "the hysterical body". Accordingly, the purpose of the display is to combat the "play-acting" involved with live music and affect more sincerity in the performance. This ties in with the idea meant by "we must become the pitiless censors of ourselves". As he explains, "What I'm trying to do is appear as something else than the world as it stands ... Because I believe that’s what we all really want, to see one another and to be seen, and my particular wager is that the hysterical body is perhaps exemplary in its affirmation of that ... the sweat of blood is undeniable."

In various interviews, Maus advocates for "truth" in music. He refers to a tendency of popular music criticism, specifically its reductive engagement with "at-hand genre and at-hand comparison, then it moves on to the next thing. If something remarkable is happening in the work, that’s what people should write about, not the application of some at-hand label maker." Another example he gives to describe the reduction is "it sounds like x and y". He adds that the "truth content of any work, I suppose, is the extent to which it accomplishes something else than what it is."

Slant Magazines Matthew Cole dismissed Maus' philosophical writings as "a parody of post-structuralist social theory" and his music as "obviously some kind of art-school mindfuckery". According to Maus, he does not think about aesthetic theory when "working over the keyboard, or musing over musical ideas in my head. But when discussing it, we want to have some new thought about this new music. I wouldn't claim that my music is new, but generally speaking pop music begs for some kind of radical new way of talking about it." He also denies any intention for his work to come off as "a sneering take on pop."

Retro sound

Although he rejects the label, Maus is recognized as a progenitor of the hypnagogic pop scene, a genre noted for its reliance on memory and nostalgia. His compositions tend to employ the use of particular modal scales previously associated with Renaissance and Medieval music, which he believes is often mistaken as an attempt to evoke the 1980s. The intention, he said, was not "to evoke that time, I just hear that sound and it seems to suit this time right now. ... People associate the kind of harmonies that associate from the modes with the 80s sound, and for me it's not about the 80s, it's about what I think the kind of harmony is that arises from these modes - what I'm interested in." He adds: "For whatever reason, the pioneers of electronic music that came out of Sheffield and Manchester in the 1980s became interested in these ecclesiastical modes that, historically, were associated with the divine. ... The palette was there in the 80s so why was it set aside and forgotten? That thread can be taken up again." He goes on to opine that synthesizers and waveforms offer more "color and possibility" than the guitar, which he feels is an "exhausted" instrument.

His baritone singing style is often compared to Ian Curtis of Joy Division. Maus responded that he was not aware of Joy Division until much later in his life and that any similarities are likely due to Curtis sharing "the same heroes as me, like Jim Morrison."

During Maus' hiatus in the 2010s, various contingents of popular music began indulging in throwbacks to 1980s culture. Maus acknowledged that his early albums may have anticipated this development. Commenting on vaporwave: "even if I said it wasn’t always about retro, I had maybe tried to do that very thing and dropped a thread there for people to pick up on."

Political views
In a 2017 interview, Maus placed himself "left of left of left of left" on a political spectrum. He stated that "it comes down to, if you don't have a sort of indignance when you see atrocities committed, you're not communing with the same humanity that I am." Furthermore, in response to accusations of association with alt-right figures, he condemned white supremacy as a "cult of a race and blood—that's an absolute obscenity. That's nothing other than disaster. That's just inarguably obscene, that sort of ideology."

While some of his lyrics are reminiscent of political slogans, such as "Rights for Gays", he commented that his intention was to follow some social idioms "through to [their] absurd conclusions where interesting things are more likely to happen. That's when the politics of aesthetics [comes in]; it's not in the protest lyrics." On the song "Cop Killer", he explained, "I'm not talking about shooting or killing a human being, I'm talking about ... the cops in our heads, the cops that are everything other than us, everything inhuman, that would put us to work towards an end other than each other."

Asked about current events in a 2018 interview, Maus criticized the American left-wing as inferior to its European counterpart, saying that the former advances "ideas that are so quaint and old fashioned and inadequate to our situation. You know, asking for more rights, and individual liberty, I mean what is this? 1776?" He added that the Occupy Wall Street movement was "the closest" he had ever aligned with contemporary American politics and that there had been a growing hysteria to "call somebody alt right or something but there has been a far left critique of identity politics in as much as it plays the game of identity and identity is always something that can be put to work by the mechanisms that serve only toward anyone other than us y'know?"

In 2021, Maus, alongside Ariel Pink, attended the pro-Donald Trump protests that led to the storming of the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C. Responding to controversy regarding his presence at the event, Maus tweeted a quote from Mit brennender Sorge, a 1937 encyclical from Pope Pius XI, that condemned Nazism. After a fan requested further explanation, he replied with an image of Edith Stein, a German-Jewish philosopher and Catholic nun who was executed by Nazis.

Personal life
According to Maus in 2010, he had been diagnosed "with everything at one point or another. They say you’re bipolar or whatever, but I've never had one of those ... euphoric, manic episodes where I had an exaggerated perception of my own ability, that would be wonderful. But no, I guess depression, or stuff like that." When asked if he had autism, he responded: "No, no, no, no, I only… I don't put much stock in those clinical categorizations in general, I suppose."

In 2017, Maus married Hungarian visual artist Kika Karadi. In May 2018, during a Q&A conducted on Reddit, he commented that she had split from him "about a week and a half ago". They reconciled in the summer of 2020. Later the same year, they both donated to the Donald Trump reelection campaign.

Discography

Official studio albums

Compilation

Early unofficial albums
 1999: Snowless Winters EP (Demonstration Bootleg)
 2000: Love Letters from Hell (Demonstration Bootleg)
 2003: Second Album EP (Demonstration Bootleg)
 2003: I Want to Live (Demonstration Bootleg)

Notes

References

External links

 Mausspace  – fan site
 Writings by Maus:

"SteviePink" – on R. Stevie Moore
 "Listening Music"
"Communication and Control" – 2014 PhD dissertation

1980 births
Living people
21st-century American philosophers
21st-century American composers
American electronic musicians
American male singer-songwriters
American keyboardists
American philosophy academics
American political philosophers
American rock songwriters
American synth-pop musicians
American experimental musicians
American expatriates in Switzerland
Avant-pop musicians
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Chillwave musicians
Experimental pop musicians
Guitarists from Minnesota
Hypnagogic pop musicians
American post-punk musicians
Minimal wave musicians
People from Austin, Minnesota
Philosophers from Minnesota
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty
European Graduate School alumni
American male non-fiction writers
American male guitarists
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Lo-fi musicians
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota
Protesters in or near the January 6 United States Capitol attack


The Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area is a Canadian river delta wetland and Wildlife Management Area near Creston in south-central British Columbia, on the floodplain of the Kootenay River at the south end of Kootenay Lake. Predominantly marshland, it was classified as a wetland of international importance on February 21, 1994, and is also a globally significant Important Bird Area. It is one of the "few significant agricultural areas of the province", and is in the Montane Cordillera. It stretches north along Kootenay Lake for approximately 20 km, and south to the United States border. It is both the only breeding site of the Forster's tern and the only site with leopard frogs in the province, as well as one of the few Canadian habitats for the Coeur D'Alene salamander. Creston Valley provides staging and nesting areas for migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway.

It covers an area of approximately 69.0 km2 of provincial Crown land. The wetland also contains the 15 km2 Duck Lake and 17 marshes. To the east are the Purcell Mountains and to the west the Selkirk Mountains.

The area is managed by the Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area to prevent invasive species from establishing themselves in the wetland, particularly targeting cattails or reed canary grass. This is done by periodically drawing down the water level of the marshes. According to Brian Stushnoff, the area's manager, a strategy exists "to rehabilitate areas that get choked with vegetation, drying them up and then ploughing up the ground to get rid of the seed bank that develops over time." This also ensures broad biodiversity by preventing one plant species from dominating the region.

Wildlife Interpretation Centre
The Wildlife Interpretation Centre is located 11 kilometers west of Creston off Hwy 3 and is open May to October.  The Centre features natural history displays, a hands-on science lab, viewing towers and a gift shop.  Environmental educational programs and events are offered for schools, groups and visitors, including guided walks and canoe tours.

History
The Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area was established in 1968, and acquired its mandate via the Creston Valley Wildlife Act. This followed nearly 26 years of persistence by conservationists, biologists and nearby residents who wished to protect Duck Lake and its adjoining wetland habitats. Subsequently, with assistance from BC Hydro and Ducks Unlimited, a system of dykes and other control structures were built to manage water levels in Duck Lake, and hence the wetlands, reducing the impact of yearly drought and flood cycles.

Archaeological evidence indicates that First Nations have lived in the area for thousands of years.  The area is the traditional territory of the Ktunaxa people.

References

External links

Creston Valley Wildlife Act
Creston Valley Wildlife Act, PERMIT REGULATIONS

Crown corporations of British Columbia
Ramsar sites in Canada
Important Bird Areas of British Columbia
Kootenays
Protected areas of British Columbia
Nature centres in British Columbia


The Mahāmāyā Tantra, ()   (Tibetan: sgyu 'phrul chen po'i rgyud) is an important Buddhist Anuttarayoga tantra or Yoganiruttaratantra particularly  associated with the practice of Dream Yoga.

The Mahāmāyā Tantra is a short text, having only three chapters and it deals with subjects such as Siddhis, the  classification of Hetu, Phala and Upayatantras, and manifestations of the deity Mahāmāyā.

This text should not be confused with the Mayajala-tantra.

History

Origins
The Mahāmāyā Tantra probably first appeared within Buddhist tantric communities in the late ninth or early tenth centuries CE. Based on instances  of intertextuality  it is considered to postdate the Guhyasamāja Tantra; and because it is less doctrinally and structurally developed than tantras such as the Hevajra Tantra, its origins are likely to precede that text, and it is usually considered to be amongst the earliest of the Yoginī tantras.

By the eleventh century CE the Mahāmāyā Tantra was circulating within monastic institutions as well as communities surrounding tantric adepts or mahāsiddhas.

Lineage
xx

Translations
The Mahāmāyā Tantra was originally translated from Sanskrit into Tibetan by  the Indian paṇḍita Jinavara and the great Tibetan translator Gö Lhetsé ('gos lhas-btsas) (11th C CE).

Recently the Sanskrit text of this tantra has been reconstructed, with the help of the Tibetan text and the extant Sanskrit commentaries, by Samdhong Rinpoche and published by the Central University of Tibetan Studies. It has been translated into Hindi by Dr. Kashinath Nyaupane and an English translation has been made by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee, under the patronage and supervision of the 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha project.

Content

Om Hrim Mahamaye Sarvashakti Hridayankari Devi Shri Parashakti Namostute

Translation: "Om, I bow to the great goddess Mahamaya, who is the source of all power and resides in the heart. I offer my respects to the supreme divine mother Parashakti."

Deity
Although Mahāmāyā is a feminine deity, in her mandala and sadhana or meditation practice, she takes the form of a male heruka deity embracing a consort.

The principal form of this meditational deity Mahāmāyā has a blue complexion and stands in dancing (ardhaprayanka) posture with his (proper) right leg extended and left leg bent up. The deity has four faces (c. blue, yellow, red and green) and four arms; the first pair of arms hold a skull cup and a khatvanga staff and embrace the consort Buddhadakini (sangs rgyas mkha' 'gro ma) who is also blue in color and has her right leg wrapped around him. His second pair of arms hold an arrow and a bow. He wears a shawl of human skin and the ornaments of a heruka.

In the Shangpa Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism Mahāmāyā is one of the deities of the practice known as "The Deities of the Five Tantra Classes" (tib : rgyud sde lha lnga) which is the main yidam practice of this school. This practice  brings the deities of the Guhyasamāja, Mahamaya, Hevajra, Cakrasamvara and Vajrabhairava tantras into a single mandala, imagined at different chakras within the body of Cakrasamvara. In this practice Mahamaya is usually visualized in a two armed heruka form, standing in a dancing posture,  dark blue in color, holding an arrow and bow, and embracing a red consort.

Hindu Traditions

In Śaivism Mahāmāyā (महामाया) is the name of one of the twenty four goddesses of the Sūryamaṇḍala according to the Kubjikamata Tantra. She presides over the pitha of Ujjain.

In Śāktism Mahāmāya is one of the names of Mahāsakti or one of the sixty-four Matrikas or Yogini  to be worshiped during Āvaraṇapūjā.

Notes

References

External links
Buddhist Deity: Mahamaya Main Page - at Himalayan Art Resources
Shangpa (Kagyud)

Vajrayana
Buddhist tantras
Tibetan Buddhist practices


John Edye FRS (7 August 1789 – 1 March 1873) was the talented Chief Clerk in the Surveyor of the Navy's Office during the 19th century.  He invented a new means of construction for wooden warships and produced the detail for the Surveyor William Symonds's many designs.  Together he and Symonds created larger and larger wooden warships for the Royal Navy, which were able not only to defeat an enemy by weight of fire (as the Navy had long been able to do) but also to pursue them and force battle.

Edye was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 5 February 1835.

Footnotes

External links
John Edye's Calculations Relating to the Equipment, Displacement, Etc. of Ships and Vessels of War, 1832, MS 546 held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

History of the Royal Navy
British naval architects
1789 births
1873 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
19th-century British businesspeople


John John may refer to:

 John-John Dohmen (born 1988), Belgian field hockey player
 John John Florence (born 1992), American surfer
 John John Jesse (born 1969), American illustrative painter
 John John Mnyika, Tanzanian politician
 John John Molina (born 1965), Puerto Rican boxer
 John F. Kennedy Jr. (1960–1999), nicknamed John-John


Anubias barteri var. nana was first described by Adolf Engler in 1899 as A. nana. The species was reduced to varietal status in 1979.

Common names
Dwarf Anubias.

Distribution
West Africa: Only known from Victoria, Cameroon.

Description
It is a dwarf variety of Anubias barteri. This plant's thick short-stemmed dark green leaves are some of the smallest and most compact in the Anubias genus, growing only to 3.2 inches (8 cm) for a total height of 4.7 inches (12 cm).

A variation of Anubias barteri var. nana known as Anubias barteri var. nana gold is available in the aquarium trade, it has light green to golden leaves.

Cultivation
Like most Anubias species, this plant grows well partially and fully submersed and the rhizome must be above the substrate, attached to rocks or wood. It grows well in a range of lighting and has a temperature range of 68-82 degrees F (20-28 degrees C). It can be propagated by dividing the rhizome or by separating side shoots.

References

barteri var. nana
Freshwater plants
Flora of Cameroon
Plants described in 1899


Ceratophaga vicinella is a species of moth belonging to the family Tineidae. It has a restricted range in the southeastern United States, mainly in Florida and Mississippi.

This species appears to be in decline, almost certainly because the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is under threat; the moth relies on the tortoise in a unique way. All Ceratophaga larvae feed, uniquely among Lepidoptera, on solid keratin. Most species feed on the horns and hooves of dead ungulates but C. vicinella feeds exclusively on the shells of dead gopher tortoises.

The larvae of C. vicinella, whitish with a dark brown head, feed gregariously on the keratin shells and construct a mass of silk tubes on the underside which act as anchors, penetrating the soil to a depth of 10 cm, possibly also serving to protect the larvae from temperature extremes and parasitoids. They feed, and eventually pupate, within the protection of these tubes.

The adult is a fairly typical tineid, blackish brown with a tiny white spot on each forewing and a prominent tuft of cream-colored hair on the head.

References

Tineidae
Moths described in 1905
Moths of North America


Thrigby Post Windmill is located in the civil parish of Mautby in the English county of Norfolk. The mill is on the south side of Mill Lane  east of the village of Thrigby. The post mill is north of The River Bure, Breydon Water and the Halvergate Marshes.

Description
Thrigby Post Windmill was built in  about 1790 by Robert Woolmer who was the owner of close-by Thrigby Hall. The mill was constructed to grind wheat produced on the Thrigby estate. The post mill has a two-foot-square oak main post that rises vertically through the round house roof and carries the weatherboard clad body or "buck" of the mill, which contains all the machinery. The post mill was able to be turned on the centre post to bring the sails into the wind. The mill has four common sails and is built over a brick roundhouse which created a covered storage area and protecting the trestle from the weather.

History
The post mill can be clearly seen on the 1797 map of the area produced by Faden. The last miller of Thrigby was Alfred Hood who was also a local farmer. He ran the mill until 1889 when the mill ceased working. In 1892 the wooden structure of the mill was found to be infested with death watch beetle and was then dismantled leaving only the brick roundhouse. In 1981, almost one hundred years after the mill ceased working, the mill was bought by Nick Prior who set about its restoration. The roundhouse was repaired and the mill rebuilt and has become one of only three post mills remaining in Norfolk. The other postmills are Garboldisham Windmill between Thetford and Diss and another postmill which is being built at South Walsham.

References

External links

 more images

Windmills in Norfolk
Post mills in the United Kingdom
Windmills completed in 1985
Windmills of the Norfolk Broads
Borough of Great Yarmouth


Scissurella is a genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scissurellidae, the small slit snails.

Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the genus Scissurella :

 Scissurella alto
 † Scissurella apudornata Laws, 1935
 Scissurella azorensis
 † Scissurella bituminata Beets, 1942
 Scissurella bountyensis
 Scissurella cebuana
 Scissurella clathrata
 † Scissurella condita Laws, 1939
 Scissurella costata
 Scissurella cyprina
 † Scissurella depontaillieri Cossmann, 1879
 † Scissurella deshayesi Munier-Chalmas, 1862
 Scissurella electilis  (taxon inquirendum)
 Scissurella enriquevidali Fernández-Garcés, Geiger, Rolán & Luque, 2021
 Scissurella evaensis
 Scissurella georgica
 Scissurella jucunda
 Scissurella kaiserae
 Scissurella lobini
 Scissurella lorenzi
 Scissurella manawatawhia
 Scissurella maraisorum
 Scissurella mirifica
 Scissurella morretesi
 † Scissurella nesbittae Geiger & Goedert, 2020
 † Scissurella novozeelandica (Bandel, 1998)
 Scissurella obliqua
 Scissurella ornata
 Scissurella petermannensis
 Scissurella phenax
 Scissurella prendrevillei
 Scissurella quadrata
 Scissurella redferni
 Scissurella regalis
 Scissurella reticulata
 Scissurella rota
 Scissurella skeneoides
 Scissurella spinosa
 Scissurella staminea
 Scissurella sudanica
 Scissurella supraplicata
 † Scissurella transylvanica Reuss, 1860
 Scissurella xandaros

Species in the genus Scissurella include:
 Scissurella caliana
 Scissurella lacuniformis
 Scissurella lamellata
 Scissurella soyoae

Nomina dubia
 Scissurella alexandrei
 Scissurella coronata
 Scissurella dalli
 Scissurella dohrniana
 Scissurella hoernesi  (synonym of Sinezona ferriezi )
 Scissurella koeneni
 Scissurella mantelli
 Scissurella minuta

Species brought into synonymy
 Scissurella aedonia : synonym of Anatoma aedonia
 Scissurella aetheria : synonym of Anatoma aetheria
 † Scissurella affinis O. G. Costa, 1861 : synonym of Anatoma aspera (Philippi, 1844)
 Scissurella africana : synonym of Anatoma africana
 Scissurella agulhasensis : synonym of Anatoma agulhasensis
 Scissurella alta : synonym of Anatoma alta
 Scissurella amoena : synonym of Anatoma amoena
 Scissurella angulata : synonym of Anatoma crispata
 Scissurella argutecostata : synonym of Anatoma tenuisculpta
 Scissurella aspera : synonym of Anatoma aspera
 Scissurella atkinsoni : synonym of Sukashitrochus atkinsoni
 Scissurella australis : synonym of Anatoma australis
 Scissurella bertheloti : synonym of Anatoma bertheloti  (nomen dubium)
 Scissurella cancellata : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella carinata : synonym of Sukashitrochus carinatus
 Scissurella chiricova : synonym of Anatoma chiricova
 Scissurella cingulata  - belt scissurelle: synonym of Sinezona cingulata
 Scissurella columbiana : synonym of Sinezona confusa
 Scissurella concinna : synonym of Sinezona concinna  (nomen dubium)
 Scissurella conica : synonym of Anatoma conica
 Scissurella crispata : synonym of Anatoma crispata
 Scissurella decipiens : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella declinans : synonym of Scissurella mirifica
 † Scissurella decussata : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella disciformis : synonym of Anatoma disciformis
 Scissurella dorbignyii : synonym of Sukashitrochus dorbignyi
 Scissurella dorbignyi : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella elatior : synonym of Anatoma crispata
 Scissurella elegans : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella epicharis : synonym of Anatoma keenae
 Scissurella equatoria : synonym of Anatoma equatoria
 Scissurella eucharista : synonym of Scissurella clathrata
 Scissurella euglypta : synonym of Anatoma euglypta
 Scissurella eximia : synonym of Anatoma eximia )
 Scissurella exquisita : synonym of Anatoma exquisita
 Scissurella fairchildi : synonym of Scissurella prendrevillei
 Scissurella funnazzensis : synonym of Anatoma tenuisculpta
 † Scissurella geoffreyi Laws, 1940: synonym of Incisura geoffreyi (Laws, 1940)  (original combination)
 Scissurella jacksoni : synonym of Anatoma jacksoni
 Scissurella josephinae : synonym of Anatoma josephinae
 Scissurella jucunda E. A. Smith, 1910: synonym of Scissurella jucunda E. A. Smith, 1890 (invalid: junior homonym of Scissurella jucunda E. A. Smith, 1890; S. smithi is a replacement name)
 Scissurella keenae : synonym of Anatoma keenae
 Scissurella kelseyi : synonym of Thieleella kelseyi
 Scissurella laevigata : synonym of Scissurella costata
 Scissurella lyra  - lyre scissurelle: synonym of Anatoma lyra
 Scissurella lyttleltonensis : synonym of Incisura lytteltonensis
 Scissurella malvinarum : synonym of Scissurella clathrata
 Scissurella marshalli : synonym of Scissurella prendrevillei
 Scissurella maxima : synonym of Anatoma maxima
 Scissurella medioplicata : synonym of Scissurella petermannensis
 Scissurella miranda : synonym of Sukashitrochus mirandus
 Scissurella modesta : synonym of Sinezona modesta
 Scissurella munieri : synonym of Anatoma munieri
 Scissurella obtusata : synonym of Anatoma obtusata
 Scissurella padangensis : synonym of Sinezona ferriezi
 Scissurella palaeomphaloides : synonym of Anatoma crispata
 Scissurella paumotuensis : synonym of Sinezona paumotuensis
 Scissurella plicata : synonym of Scissurella costata
 † Scissurella praecrispata Gougerot & Le Renard, 1978: synonym of † Praescissurella praecrispata (Gougerot & Le Renard, 1977)  (superseded combination)
 Scissurella proxima  - Florida scissurelle: synonym of Anatoma proxima
 Scissurella pseudoequatoria : synonym of Anatoma pseudoequatoria
 Scissurella regia : synonym of Anatoma regia
 Scissurella richardi : synonym of Anatoma tenuis
 Scissurella rimuloides : synonym of Sinezona rimuloides
 Scissurella rosea : synonym of Incisura rosea
 Scissurella sagamiana : synonym of Thieleella sagamiana
 Scissurella smithi : synonym of Scissurella jucunda
 Scissurella stellae : synonym of Scissurella prendrevillei
 Scissurella striatula : synonym of Scissurella costata
 † Scissurella subaspera : synonym of Anatoma tenuisculpta
 Scissurella tabulata : synonym of Anatoma tabulata
 Scissurella tenuis : synonym of Anatoma tenuis
 Scissurella tenuisculpta : synonym of Anatoma tenuisculpta
 Scissurella timora : synonym of Scissurella petermannensis
 Scissurella umbilicata : synonym of Anatoma umbilicata

References

 Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
 Lozouet P. (1998). Nouvelles espèces de gastéropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocène et du Miocène inférieur de l'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France). Cossmanniana. 5(3-4): 61-102.
 Bandel K. (1998) Scissurellidae als Modell für die Variationsbreite einer natürlichen Einheit der Schlitzbandschnecken (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg, 81: 1–120
 Geiger D. L. (2003) Phylogenetic assessment of characters proposed for the generic classification of Recent Scissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) with a description of one new genus and six new species frop Easter Island and Australia. Molluscan Research 23: 21–83
 Geiger D. L. (2012) Monograph of the little slit shells. Volume 1. Introduction, Scissurellidae. pp. 1–728. Volume 2. Anatomidae, Larocheidae, Depressizonidae, Sutilizonidae, Temnocinclidae. pp. 729–1291. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs Number 7.

External links
 Orbigny, A. D. d'. (1824). Monographie d'un nouveau genre de mollusque gastéropode de la famille des trochoides. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 2 (1): 340-345
 Crosse, H. & Fischer, P. (1861). Observations sur le genre Pleurotomaire, et description d'une deuxième espèce vivante appartenant au même genre. Journal de Conchyliologie. 9: 155-167
 Munier-Chalmas, E. (1862). Description d'une nouvelle Scissurelle, suivie d'une liste monographique des espèces de ce genre. Journal de Conchyliologie. 10(4): 391-397, pl. 16 figs 1-4
 Marshall, B. A. (2002). Some recent scissurellids from the New Zealand region and remarks on some scissurellid genus group names (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda). Molluscan Research. 22(2): 165-181

Scissurellidae


Luca Di Matteo (born 25 February 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a left back.

Career
Di Matteo started his career with Pescara, establishing himself as a player with good potential despite his young age. On January 31, 2008 Palermo signed Di Matteo from then Serie C1 club Pescara, together with teammate Edgar Çani in co-ownership deal for €500,000 and €600,000 respectively. In June 2008 Pescara made a discount on both players, which both were sold for €450,000.

He made his Serie A debut on 27 April 2008 in a 0–0 home tie against Atalanta.
Di Matteo was confirmed as part of the Palermo first team squad for the 2008–09 season, but was never featured on the patch and he was successively loaned out to Serie B outfit Cittadella on February 2, 2009 for the remainder of the season.
He spent the first half of the 2009–10 season on loan to Crotone.

In February 2010, Di Matteo agreed to leave Crotone and join Vicenza, this time in a co-ownership bid between Palermo and his new club, for a peppercorn fee of €500.

Di Matteo made his second comeback to Palermo in June 2011, as his co-ownership was solved in favour of the rosanero for €200,000. In return Nicola Rigoni was sold back to Vicenza also for €200,000. After failing to make a single appearance with Palermo, he was loaned out to Lecce on 31 January 2012. He then returned to Vicenza in August 2012 after being deemed as surplus to requirements from Palermo, and played one season in Serie B and the first half of the 2013–14 season in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione.

In January 2014, he left Vicenza for Serie B club Padova, amassing only a total eight appearances for the club, and suffering a second consecutive relegation. He successively found himself without a club after Padova was excluded from the Italian league system due to financial issues.

On 12 July 2019 he returned to Teramo, signing a 2-year contract.

References

1988 births
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Palermo FC players
AS Cittadella players
FC Crotone players
LR Vicenza players
US Lecce players
Calcio Padova players
SS Virtus Lanciano 1924 players
SSD Città di Teramo players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Pescara


The 1994 season was  the San Francisco 49ers' 45th in the National Football League (NFL), the 49th overall and their sixth under head coach  George Seifert.  This season was highlighted by a victory in Super Bowl XXIX. The championship made San Francisco the first team to win five Super Bowls. After losing to the Dallas Cowboys in the previous two conference championship games, the 49ers made significant acquisitions in the 1994 free agent market. This included the signing of two-sport star Deion Sanders and Cowboys linebacker Ken Norton, Jr. Sanders had a major impact on the team's success, winning the NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award and recording six interceptions. The 49ers won their division, the NFC West, for the eighth time in nine seasons.

Quarterback Steve Young had his best NFL season and won his second MVP award. Young set what was, at the time, the NFL record for highest passer rating in a season – 112.8. Cold Hard Football Facts states that Young's 1994 season is the second greatest passing season in NFL history, behind only Joe Montana's 1989 season.

For the third consecutive season, the 49ers met the Cowboys in the NFC Championship Game. From the mid-1980s until the latter 1990s, the AFC was widely regarded as the NFL's weaker conference. At the time of this conference championship game, AFC teams had lost the previous 10 Super Bowls in a row, starting with Super Bowl XIX after the 1984 season. All but two of those losses were by at least 10 points; five of them were by more than 20 points. As a result, the NFC Championship meeting between the Niners and Cowboys was dubbed by many as "the real Super Bowl." The contest was one of the highest rated non-Super Bowl games in NFL history.

The 49ers beat the Cowboys and went on to defeat the San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX. Young was named the game's MVP after throwing a record six touchdown passes.

The 1994 49ers ranked #19 on the 100 greatest teams of all time presented by the NFL on its 100th anniversary. As of the 2022 NFL season, this is the last Super Bowl the 49ers have won.

Offseason

NFL Draft

Training Camp
The 1994 San Francisco 49ers season held training camp at Sierra College in Rocklin, California.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Pre season

Schedule

Game officials

Regular season
In 1994, after the retirements and departures of several stalwarts from the late 1980s and early 1990s teams, the 49ers spent large amounts of money on the addition of several star free agent veterans. The revamp focused mainly on defense, where six new starters including Ken Norton, Jr., Gary Plummer, Rickey Jackson, and Deion Sanders were implemented, all with the ultimate goal in mind of dethroning the Dallas Cowboys. Said safety Merton Hanks, "Those players came in on one and two-year deals and they understood, 'if we do not get it done this year this organization is going to blow itself up.'" Additionally, several rookie players made key contributions to the team, some becoming season-long starters. This included defensive tackle Bryant Young, fullback William Floyd, and linebacker Lee Woodall. The 49ers started slowly early in the season.  They defeated the Raiders in a game where Jerry Rice broke the NFL record for career touchdowns, but followed with a 24–17 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs, led by former 49ers quarterback Joe Montana.

Despite victories over the Rams and Saints, the 49ers offensive line was struggling, having lost four starters to injury, and in Week 5 the Niners were crushed 40–8 by the Eagles.  Following the Eagles game, a poll conducted on local sports radio station KNBR showed that an overwhelming majority of 49er fans wanted head coach George Seifert fired.

The game against the Eagles was a turning point for the 49ers despite being a lopsided loss. Steve Young was benched for Elvis Grbac abruptly during a series in the 3rd quarter. Soon after, Young was livid on the sidelines, shouting profanities at head coach George Seifert. Young later admitted "I was looking for a fistfight," and would later say that this incident caused his teammates to respond better to his leadership, as they saw how much he cared about winning ("It galvanized the guys behind Steve," said Brent Jones).

The following week in Detroit, the 49ers trailed the Lions 7–0. After throwing a pass, Young was hit, picked up, and driven into the ground by three Lions defenders. After the hit, Young was screaming with his face dark red in color. He crawled most of the way off of the field before refusing help from the trainers as he limped the remaining way off the field. He miraculously returned to the field two plays later (NFL rules state that after trainers attend to an injured player, that player must leave the field for at least one play – Elvis Grbac came in for that one play and threw an incompletion) to lead the 49ers to a 27–21 victory.

The team rallied around Young to win 10 straight games, including a 21–14 victory over the two-time defending Super Bowl champion Cowboys. During that span, the 49ers' average margin of victory was nearly 20 points per game; they broke 35 points scored seven times, four times breaking 40 points scored.

Throwback uniforms
During the 1994 season, many NFL teams wore "throwback uniforms" for occasional games (after week 2 of the season) to celebrate the NFL's 75th anniversary (a corresponding diamond 75th Anniversary patch was also worn by all teams). The 49ers chose to wear a version of their 1955 uniforms as throwbacks. This design featured sans-serif block numerals that were outlined and shadowed in black. White pants with thinner red-black-red striping were also worn, along with the old striped red socks (the team later reverted to their regular solid red socks after receiving permission from the NFL to wear the uniforms starting from Week 10 until Super Bowl XXIX). The team's regular 1989–95 gold helmet was worn with this uniform, as there was no logo on the 1955 helmet.

The team first donned the 1955 throwback uniforms during a week 3 match against the Los Angeles Rams and the following week at home versus the Saints. Both games ended in victory (coincidentally, these were also the first two games Deion Sanders played with the 49ers after signing as a free-agent after week 2). The team then suffered an embarrassing 40–8 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles at home wearing their regular red uniforms with gold pants. (Football statistics site Football Outsiders calculates this 49ers loss to be the second-most lopsided football game they'd tracked from 1994 to 2008.)

For the subsequent three games until their bye week, the team again was scheduled to play games wearing the throwback uniforms with white pants and blockshadow numerals, and all three games resulted in wins. During the following weeks the 49ers embarked on a 10-game winning streak. The team, prompted both by the superstition of coach George Seifert, and the preference of players, petitioned the NFL to wear the throwback uniforms for the rest of the season. The league granted the request and the switch to solid red socks after the bye week marked this occurrence. In all, the team went 15–1 (including the playoffs) wearing the 1955/1994 throwback uniforms. The only loss occurred during the regular season finale at Minnesota, with the team wearing white jerseys and resting most of their starters for the playoffs. Meanwhile, the 49ers went undefeated wearing the red jerseys of the throwback uniform. After winning Super Bowl XXIX however, the team was compelled to revert to wearing its regular 1964-style uniforms (1991 revised design) for the following 1995 season. One year later, the throwback design strongly influenced the 49ers to redesign their uniform set. In 1996, the team revealed a new helmet and uniform design featuring a darker red, shadowed numbers, black accents, and white pants. In 1998, the team changed the pants to a gold color and wore these uniforms through the 2008 season. The 49ers brought back the 1994 white throwback uniform design as an alternate set for the 2018 season. The 1994 red throwback jerseys were brought back by the team as an alternate uniform for the 2021 season, the 49ers franchise's 75th anniversary.

Schedule

Game summaries

Week 1 vs. Los Angeles Raiders

The Niners led wire to wire as Steve Young opened with two touchdowns.  Jerry Rice’s 69-yard score set an NFL record for career touchdowns.

Week 2 at Kansas City Chiefs

This was the much-hyped match between Steve Young and Joe Montana, Young's predecessor as the 49ers' quarterback.  Montana threw two touchdowns and a two-point conversion.  Young clawed the Niners to a 14–7 lead but was then sacked for a safety; the Niners also fumbled twice while Young threw two picks.  San Francisco sports bars airing the game saw viewers overwhelmingly cheer for Montana's Chiefs over Young and the Niners.

Week 3 at Los Angeles Rams

This became the final game between the 49ers and Rams in Los Angeles until 2016.

Week 4 vs. New Orleans Saints

Week 5 vs. Philadelphia Eagles

Steve Young was benched after going 11 of 23 with two interceptions and getting sacked for a safety by William Fuller; Elvis Grbac completed four of eight passes and was sacked twice.  The Eagles outgained the Niners in yardage 437 to 189. This was the second worst loss by an eventual Super Bowl champion in NFL history.

Week 6 at Detroit Lions

The Lions jumped to a 14–0 lead on a Brett Perriman touchdown catch and a nine-yard score from Barry Sanders.  Young was knocked out for one play with a pinched nerve in his leg; he came back in despite heavy pain and rallied the Niners to 27 unanswered points.

Week 7 at Atlanta Falcons

Ex-Falcon Deion Sanders returned to the Georgia Dome and ran back a 93-yard interception for a touchdown.  Steve Young threw four touchdowns while Jeff George threw four interceptions; it was the second six-turnover game for the Falcons that season.

Week 8 vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Facing the team with which he entered the NFL, Steve Young completed twenty passes for 255 yards and one score. Ricky Watters and William Floyd rushed for a combined three more touchdowns.  In contrast Trent Dilfer completed just seven passes and was benched.

Week 9: Bye

The 1994 San Francisco 49ers season had a bye week, as did all of the NFC West. The team was granted permission from the NFL to wear throwback uniforms for the remainder of the season.

Week 10 at Washington Redskins

Week 11 vs. Dallas Cowboys

The 49ers posted their first win over the Cowboys since 1990.  The game was tied 7–7 until the Niners scored in the final three minutes of the third quarter on a 57-yard Jerry Rice touchdown catch.  Following an exchange of four consecutive punts, Troy Aikman was intercepted by Merton Hanks; the ensuing Niners drive took fifteen plays and ended on a Brent Jones touchdown catch just before the two-minute warning.  A very late Cowboys touchdown was followed by an unsuccessful onside kick and Niners win.

Week 12 vs. Los Angeles Rams

In their last home meeting with the Rams as a Los Angeles team until 2016, the Niners blew a 21–6 lead and trailed 27–24; Jerry Rice fumbled with 6:05 to go but the Rams had to punt.  Steve Young threw on seven of the next ten plays and connected with Rice for the go-ahead score with 1:56 to go; the Rams failed on 4th and 20 and the Niners were winners.

Week 13 at New Orleans Saints

Week 14 vs. Atlanta Falcons

Week 15 at San Diego Chargers

In the preview to Super Bowl XXIX, Steve Young threw two touchdown passes and Deion Sanders recorded a pick six as the 49ers never trailed.

Week 16 vs. Denver Broncos

Week 17 at Minnesota Vikings

Having secured the first playoff seed, the Niners started Steve Young and he completed all but one of thirteen passes before giving way to Elvis Grbac.  Ricky Watters fumbled on San Francisco's second drive and the Vikings scored.  Needing the game for the NFC Central division title, the Vikings won 21–14.

Standings

Playoffs

Notes:

 All times in Pacific Time Zone.

NFC Divisional Playoff

After a Brent Jones fumble on their first drive of the game, in which the Bears converted with a field goal by Kevin Butler, the 49ers went on to score 37 unanswered points to rout the Bears 44–15, including scoring 23 in the second quarter (Jones caught an eight-yard score in the second). The Bears would not score until the fourth quarter when the game was already out of reach. An endzone brawl erupted late in the second quarter following Steve Young's six-yard rushing score.   Shaun Gayle of the Bears pushed Young to the dirt after the score; when Young threw the ball in the ground and in Gayle's face, a fight erupted.

NFC Championship Game

Looking to make a statement after being knocked out of the playoffs the previous two years by the Cowboys, the 49ers pounced on turnovers by the Cowboys on their first three possessions to start the game; San Francisco thus broke out to a 21–0 lead midway through the first quarter. It started with an interception by Eric Davis that was returned 44 yards for a touchdown on just the third play of the game; it was followed by a Michael Irvin fumble that set up a 29-yard screen pass by Steve Young to Ricky Watters for a touchdown, and then a fumble on the ensuing kickoff in which the 49ers converted with a one-yard touchdown run by William Floyd. The 49ers went into halftime up 31–14 after a 28-yard pass by Young to Jerry Rice. The Cowboys fought back in the 2nd half, but fell short and the 49ers won 38–28, advancing to their 5th Super Bowl. The Cowboys turned the ball over 5 times, which ended up being a major factor in the game. The 49ers also handed Troy Aikman his first ever loss as a starting quarterback in the post season.  Young's victory came ironically with almost the same passer rating (84.7) he'd had in his 1992 championship loss to Dallas (84.6).

Super Bowl XXIX

Steve Young set a Super Bowl record by throwing six touchdown passes in a game. The record had previously been held by his predecessor Joe Montana, who threw for a then-record five touchdowns in Super Bowl XXIV (ironically against one of San Diego's AFC West rivals).

(*)The Chargers became the first team to have a successful two-point conversion in the Super Bowl. This was the first season in which the NFL allowed 2-point conversions (a rule in place in the American Football League in San Diego's first ten seasons), and the Chargers actually had two in the game.

Game officials

Media

Pre season Local TV

Local Radio

1995 AFC-NFC Pro Bowl

 Merton Hanks, FS, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Brent Jones, TE, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Tim McDonald, SS, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Bart Oates, C, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Jerry Rice, WR, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Deion Sanders, CB, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Jesse Sapolu, G, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Dana Stubblefield, DT, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Ricky Watters, RB, NFC Pro Bowlers
 Steve Young, QB, NFC Pro Bowlers

Awards and honors
 Led NFL with 66 Touchdowns
 Led NFL with 505 points scored
 Jerry Rice, NFL leader, Receiving Yards (1,499)
 Jerry Rice, NFC Pro Bowl
 Deion Sanders, National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award
 Deion Sanders, Newspaper Enterprise Association Defensive Player of the Year Award
 Deion Sanders, NFC Pro Bowl
 Bryant Young, Defensive End, UPI NFL-NFC Rookie of the Year
 Steve Young, led NFL, 35 Touchdown Passes
 Steve Young, NFL Passing Leader, 112.8 Passer Rating
 Steve Young, NFC Pro Bowl
 Steve Young, All-Pro selection
 Steve Young, Super Bowl XXIX MVP
 Steve Young, NFL MVP
 Steve Young, PFWA NFL MVP
 Steve Young, NEA NFL MVP
 Steve Young, UPI NFC Player of the Year
 Steve Young, Bert Bell Award

Milestones
 Jerry Rice, 100 reception season (Rice finished the season with 112 receptions)
 Jerry Rice, 1,000-yard receiving season
 Jerry Rice surpassed Jim Brown's all time touchdown record of 126 in week one, scoring three touchdowns against the Los Angeles Raiders on Monday Night Football.

References

External links
 1994 49ers on Pro Football Reference

San Francisco 49ers seasons
San Francisco 49ers
NFC West championship seasons
National Football Conference championship seasons
Super Bowl champion seasons
San
1994 in San Francisco


In 1881, Detroit Mayor William G. Thompson bought most of the players from the defunct Cincinnati Reds franchise and formed the Detroit Wolverines, which joined the National League. The team finished the season with a 41–43 record, good enough for fourth place in the NL race.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1881 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolv
1880s in Detroit


Walworth Road railway station was a railway station in Walworth Road, Southwark, south London, England, on the London Chatham & Dover Railway, which opened on 1 May 1863 on the City Branch to Blackfriars as part of the company's ambitious plan to extend into the City of London. It was originally known as Camberwell Gate before changing its name in 1865.

Along with many other London stations, World War I wartime restraints forced it to close on 3 April 1916. At the time, the closure was considered temporary, but the station never reopened and was subsequently demolished. Today there are virtually no traces that this was once a station. It was planned in the 1950s to open a tube station in Walworth on the Bakerloo line, but the plans were abandoned.

British Rail did consider reopening the station as part of Thameslink in the 1980s but never materialised.

References

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1916
Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway stations
Disused railway stations in the London Borough of Southwark
Camberwell


The Twentieth Century Society (abbreviated to C20), founded in 1979 as The Thirties Society, is a British charity that campaigns for the preservation of architectural heritage from 1914 onwards. It is formally recognised as one of the National Amenity Societies, and as such is a statutory consultee on alterations to listed buildings within its period of interest.

History

The catalyst to form the society was the proposal to replace Lloyd's of London's Classical-style 1920s headquarters with a new modernist Richard Rogers building. Marcus Binney (founder of Save Britain's Heritage), John Harris (director of the RIBA drawings collection) and Simon Jenkins (editor of London's Evening Standard) felt that the existing building "represented a whole body of important architecture of the period that deserved more sympathetic assessment". (Ultimately the façade of the 1920s building was retained and received a Grade II listing in 1977. It was incorporated into Rogers' 1986 design.)

Established in December 1979, the Thirties Society, as it was initially called, had offices at 21 Cambridge Street, London. Its organisation was modelled on the Georgian Group and the Victorian Society, and its initial intention was to preserve architecture from the 1930s,
by calling for "statutory protection from the Department of the Environment for the protection of important buildings and interiors". Speaking of the need for the society, Jenkins, the vice-chairman, said "It's easier to find examples of architecture from the 1890s than the 1930s, and although there are buildings which I find absolutely hideous, there are architectural reasons why they should be preserved." In 1992, a spokesperson for English Heritage said, "We have found the Thirties Society proposals are usually well supported. It has been very influential in saving some of the best twentieth-century buildings."

Founding members
Founding members included:
 Bevis Hillier, chairman
 Simon Jenkins, vice-chairman (ex-editor of the London Evening Standard)
 Sir Osbert Lancaster, president
 Clive Aslet, secretary (Country Life)
 Stephen Bayley (University of Kent)
 Marcus Binney (Save Britain's Heritage)
 William Feaver (art critic, The Observer)
 Celina Fox (Museum of London)
 John Harris (Curator, RIBA)
 Dennis Sharp (Architectural Association)
 Gavin Stamp (author, architectural historian)

The society of "young fogeys" as they were called invited Maxwell Fry, Jane Drew, Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, Lady Diana Cooper, Sir John Betjeman and Peter Fleetwood-Hesketh  to be patrons. They also considered Douglas Fairbanks and David Niven but "there was some concern that the stars of the Twenties and Thirties might not be around long enough to warrant putting their names on the letterhead." Norman St John Stevas, Minister for the Arts, attended the launch party.

Catherine Croft, the current director, took over the position from Kenneth Powell in 2002.

Name
There was a debate over the society's name. The Inter-War Society was considered too martial and The Twenties and Thirties Society was thought to sound too close to a dating service. The name The Thirties Society was eventually settled on. The name was changed to The Twentieth Century Society (abbreviated to C20) in 1992, about which Stamp said, "Much as I like the very English anomaly of a body called The Thirties Society defending buildings of the 1950s, the fact is that our name obscures our aims. We defend buildings put up as late as the 1970s."

Manchester branch

In 1982 a Manchester branch of the society was formed, with a focus on the Grosvenor Picture Palace on All Saints Street, which was under threat of demolition.

Other activities
The society held its first conference, on the Seventies, in 1999.

The society published a journal between 1981 and 2018; initially entitled The Thirties Society Journal it became Twentieth Century Architecture from 1994.

In 2019, to mark the society's 40th anniversary, they curated a list of 40 Buildings Saved, a collection of 40 "buildings which would not have survived without our intervention" including Jubilee Pool in Penzance, Plymouth's Civic Centre and St. Augustine in Manchester.

The Risk List
In 1998, the society released a Buildings At Risk report, which included Pimlico School, Romney House and Simpson's Building. Of the report, Bronwen Edwards, a C20 caseworker, said, "What is indisputable is these buildings are a unique record of social, economic and architectural history – a vivid reminder of the way people lived, worked and played through the century."

Starting in 2015, the society has published The Risk List (a play on the Rich List)  every two years, which highlights ten buildings that the society believes are "in danger of either substantial alteration or demolition".

The bi-annual lists are as follows:

Cases and campaigns
1979
- The Oxo Tower, designed by Albert Moore in 1929 was threatened with redevelopment, but was subsequently designated part of a conservation area.

1980s
1980

- The society's first high-profile case was the Art Deco Firestone Tyre Factory (built 1928) in West London. In anticipation of it being listed, the building was demolished by its owners over a bank holiday weekend.
1982
- The society protested the proposal to develop Memorial Court, designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott at Clare College, Cambridge, saying the new building would "destroy the vista which gives coherence to Scott's design".
1983
- Arthur Scargill "incurred the formidable wrath" of the society, when the National Union of Mineworkers moved headquarters, leaving its 1950s 222 Euston Road location open to threat of demolition. The building was saved.
1984
- Terence Conran's application to change the windows of 1930's Heal's on Tottenham Court Road was opposed by the society. Of Conran, Stamp said "He has turned out to be rather a crude shopkeeper." Their objection ultimately failed.

1985
- The society spoke out against British Telecom's (BT) attempt to remove the traditional Giles Gilbert Scott-designed red phone boxes. They campaigned for as many as possible to be saved, by contacting every local authority in Britain. A spokesman for the society said, "They fit extraordinarily into their surroundings, whether urban or rural, and they are the most satisfactory neighbours to historic buildings." Ultimately 500 boxes were saved, under a 1987 agreement between the British government, BT and English Heritage.  By 1992, 1,200 of the early designed boxes were listed, with a further 18,000 kept in use by BT.
- The society's objection to the alteration to Hoover's cafeteria was unsuccessful, with permission to renovate granted by Ealing Council.
1986
- A fundraising campaign, in conjunction with Save Britain's Heritage, was launched to save Monkton House in Sussex, a surrealist mansion. Stamp said "I cannot think of another 20th century house with its contents intact which is so worth keeping."
- Sudbury Town tube station, (rebuilt 1930), was updated in consultation with the society, amongst others.
- Together with Save Britain's Heritage, the society proposed that Brynmawr rubber factory designed by Architects' Co-Partnership in Gwent, Wales (built 1946-1952), was repurposed as a re-training centre. The building was given a Grade II* listing, the first post-war building in the UK to receive such a listed status but remained empty. The building was ultimately demolished in 2001.

1987
- The society joined several groups in opposing British Coal's plans to demolish the Grade 2 listed Frizzell baths at Lynemouth Colliery in Northumberland (built 1938). The campaign was successful, with the Secretary of State for the Environment rejecting British Coal's proposal.
- After publishing a report The End of the Tunnel, in conjunction with The Victorian Society, the society held "top level talks" regarding concerns over "widespread destruction" of older underground stations.
- Together with Save Britain's Heritage, the society opposed the demolition of Bracken House (built 1959) in the City, London, with Stamp describing it as "the one thing that isn't rubbish." It was listed in August 1987, becoming "the first major post-war building to be listed".
- After pressure from the society, the British government changed its stance on listing post-war buildings, allowing "buildings of special architectural or historical importance" to be listed if they were minimum 30 years old, or in exceptional circumstances 10.
1988
- The society joined the Urban Design Group's list of signatories in support of the Prince of Wales' "role as scourge of glass stumps and carbuncles".
1989
- The society urged Wandsworth Council and English Heritage to save Battersea Power Station from "demolition by demoralisation".

1990s
1991
- Concern was expressed about the future of London Zoo, which needed £13 million worth of repairs to 70 buildings.
- The society backed CAMRA's campaign to save historic pubs from "bogus 'period' facelifts". One success was Prospect Inn in Thanet, Kent, designed by Oliver Hill (built 1937), which was listed as Grade II.
- The society called for the preservation of the Cheltenham Estate in North Kensington (built 1968-1975), designed by Ernö Goldfinger. The society called for the Nottingham Playhouse (built 1964) to be declared architecturally significant.
- The "Lido campaign" called for the preservation of outdoor pools, including the Jubilee Pool (built 1935) in Penzance.
- Odeon House, designed by C Edmund Wilford (built 1930s) was to be saved from demolition in Sutton Coldfield. It received Grade II listing in 1998.
- The society objected to a proposed 25-foot-tall fountain to commemorate the Queen's 40 years as monarch, planned for Parliament Square, London. The fountain was not built.

1994
- The society suggested ten concrete bridges spanning the M1 to be listed as historic monuments.
- The society successfully encouraged the National Trust to add Erno Goldfinger's home, 2 Willow Road, (built 1939) to its portfolio. It was opened to the public in 1995.
- The society successfully prevented the demolition of Tunstall's Barber's Palace cinema frontage (built 1920) citing it as an "interesting example of 1920s Modernist Movement architecture".
1995
- The society protested a glass lift being installed in Liverpool Cathedral, saying it would "reduce the awe and majesty of this fine building".
- The society joined English Heritage in successfully protesting the modernisation of Totnes' post office on Fore Street.

1996
- The society backed Humberston Fitties residents' appeal to become a conservation area. The appeal was successful, followed by an Article 4 direction in 1998, which ensured the area's character was preserved.
- The society saved a 1960s concrete frieze in Coventry city centre from being removed, stating it was "one of only two examples of Mexican-style public art on pub fronts in the country".

- The society objected to the demolishing of the Dunlop Semtex Factory, Gwent (built 1945). It was the focus of "many students of architecture, including Frank Lloyd Wright" for the dome structure of its roof and concrete contours. It was authorised for demolition in the same year.
- The society objected to the demolishing of the Empire Pool in Cardiff. It was authorised for demolition in 1999 to make way for the Millennium Stadium.
- The society called for the preservation of Uxbridge's Lido, calling for it to be listed. It was granted Grade II listing in 1998.
1997
- Together with English Heritage, the society proposed Derby bus station, the UK's first purpose-built bus station (built 1933), be granted listed status. It closed in 2005 and was demolished the following year.

21st century
2002
- The society joined the Ancient Monuments Society in trying to save the grade II listed private home Greenside in Virginia Water (built 1937) designed by Connell, Ward and Lucas, from demolition. The following year the owners demolished it without consent, "arguing that the Human Rights Act justified his actions".
2005
- The society submitted an application for Sheffield's Crucible Theatre to be listed. The application was successful, with Grade II listing status given in 2007.
2013
- The society's appeal for Swindon's  Renault Distribution Centre (built 1982), designed by Norman Foster to be listed was successful.
- After many years of campaigning for the listing of Building Design Partnership's 1969 Preston bus station, it was granted listed status.
2015
- The society called to save parts of the Eduardo Paolozzi mosaic, installed at the Tottenham Court Road station (created 1984). Threatened with permanent removal as part of the station's overhaul, the Society arranged for the decorative arch designs to be restored at the University of Edinburgh, where Paolozzi studied.
2022
- The society called for the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in Deptford to be listed. If successful, it would become "the youngest building on the list – and the first 21st Century building to make the cut".
2023
- The society campaigned to save Bristol's NCP Rupert Street Car Park, (built 1959-60). The car park, which was built in 1959–1960 was set to be replaced with a 21-storey apartment building, but the Twentieth Century Society argued that the car park should be preserved because it was "a good example of an absolutely pivotal building type from the 20th century".

The Twentieth Century Society's successes
The following are some of the buildings and objects that the society has successfully campaigned to save:

Publications

Journal
The society published a journal between 1981 and 2018; initially entitled The Thirties Society Journal it became Twentieth Century Architecture from 1994.

Books
The following books were published by C20, unless otherwise stated:
 Art Deco (1994)
 Interiors and Decorative Art in Britain 1920-1940 (1994)
 The Modern House to 1939 (1994)
 Small Houses 1920–1940 (1994)
 The Heroic Period of Conservation (2004) Ed. Alan Powers, Elain Harwood
 British Modern: Architecture and Design in the 1930s (2007) Ed. Alan Powers, Elain Harwood, Susannah Charlton
 Housing the Twentieth Century Nation
 McMorran & Whitby: Twentieth Century Architects (2009) Edward Denison, Twentieth Century Society. Pub. RIBA Publishing
 The Seventies: Rediscovering a Lost Decade (2012) Ed. Alan Powers, Elain Harwood
 Twentieth Century Architecture: Oxford and Cambridge (Vol 11) (2013) Elain Harwood
 100 Buildings, 100 Years: Celebrating British Architecture (2014) Pub. Batsford
 50 Architects, 50 Buildings: The Buildings that Inspire Architects (2016) Ed. Pamela Buxton
 100 Houses 100 Years (2018) Pub. Batsford
 The Architecture of Public Service (2018) Ed. Elain Harwood, Alan Powers
 100 Churches 100 Years (2019) Ed. Clare Price, Elain Harwood, Susannah Charlton. Pub. Batsford
 100 20th-Century Gardens and Landscapes (2020)
 100 20th Century Houses (2022) Pub. Batsford
 100 Twentieth Century Shops (2023) Pub. Pavilion Books

References

External links

Organizations established in 1979
Clubs and societies in the United Kingdom
Architecture organisations based in the United Kingdom
Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom
Heritage organisations in the United Kingdom
Historical societies of the United Kingdom
Historic preservation
Architecture groups
Charities based in London
Modernist architecture
Modernist architecture in the United Kingdom
Art Deco architecture in the United Kingdom
Streamline Moderne architecture in the United Kingdom
Brutalist architecture in the United Kingdom
Conservation and restoration organizations
International style architecture in the United Kingdom
British architectural history
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
The Twentieth Century Society Risk List


Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Doris after the mythical Greek sea nymphe Doris, whilst another was planned:

  was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1795 and wrecked in 1805.
 HMS Doris was to have been a 32-gun  fifth-rate frigate. She was ordered in 1806 but was cancelled later that year.
  was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate built for the navy at the East India Company Dockyard in Bombay and launched in 1807 as Salsette, but renamed Pitt later that year.  She was then renamed HMS Doris. She was sold in 1829.
  was a wood screw frigate launched in 1857 and sold in 1885.
  was an  light cruiser launched in 1896 and sold in 1919.
  was a three-master schooner, launched in 1904 sunk in 1907 before the coast of Westkapelle, Netherlands

Royal Navy ship names


The 1882 Detroit Wolverines finished the season with a 42–41 record, good for fifth place in the National League.

During the season, Detroit owner William G. Thompson had a private investigator look into umpire Richard Higham, after suspicions of matchfixing, which resulted in Higham becoming the only umpire to be banned in MLB history.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1882 Detroit Wolverines season at Baseball Reference

Detroit Wolverines seasons
Detroit Wolverines season
Detroit Wolv
1880s in Detroit


Richard W. Strong (February 26, 1946 – January 27, 2008) was an American education expert, former teacher and author. He co-founded the Institute for Community and Difference. Strong consulted the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and dozens of school district across the United States, as well as teacher and professional organizations and state education agencies. A recognized leader in the movement for authentic assessment, Strong was a former district-level coordinator for gifted and talented education and a prolific writer on many topics in education.

Strong was awarded the "New York State Educator of the Year" award in 2007 by the New York Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Bibliography

Books
 (2007) Strategic Teacher: Selecting the Right Research-Based Strategy for Every Lesson with Harvey F. Silver and Matthew J. Perini.
 (2007) Reading for Academic Success, Grades 2-6: Differentiated Strategies for Struggling, Average, and Advanced Readers with Harvey F. Silver and Matthew J. Perini.
 (2003) Styles and Strategies for Teaching Middle School Mathematics with Dr. Ed Thomas and Harvey F. Silver.
 (2002) Reading for Academic Success: Powerful Strategies for Struggling, Average, and Advanced Readers, Grades 7-12 with Harvey F. Silver, Matthew J. Perini and Gregory M. Tuculescu.
 (2001) Teaching What Matters Most: Standards and Strategies for Raising Student Achievement with Harvey F. Silver and Matthew J. Perini.
 (2000) So Each May Learn: Integrating Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences with Harvey F. Silver and Matthew J. Perini.
 (2000) Reading for Meaning: Research-Based Strategies for Teachers (The Teaching & Learning Strategies Library) with Harvey F. Silver and Matthew Perini.
 (1996) Teaching Styles and Strategies Interventions to Enrich Instructional Decision-Making with J. Robert Hanson, Patricia B. Schwartz and Harvey F. Silver.
 (1996) Teaching Styles and Strategies with Harvey F. Silver, Robert J. Hanson, et al.

References

External links
 Silver Strong and Associates website.

1946 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American educators
American education writers