Brian Douglas Cummings (born March 4, 1948) is an American voice actor, known for his work in radio and television commercials, television and motion picture promos, cartoons and as the announcer on The All-New Let's Make a Deal from 1984 to 1985.

Life and career
Having begun the pursuit of his chosen career at a local radio station (KSDN) in Aberdeen, South Dakota, during his senior year in high school, Brian set his sights high and has continued to "talk" a lot.

Brian was the closing announcer for ALF in syndication, and he, along with Mark Elliott, has been one of the long-time voices of Buena Vista Home Entertainment (now Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment) trailers and promotions. He also did some narrations for some Sony Pictures Home Entertainment trailers, but is perhaps more known for his extensive work for Paramount Home Entertainment.

Cummings has performed in multiple animated series since the 1980s. Among his most famous roles are those of Dimmy in The Snorks, Morton Fizzback and Professor Funt in Denver, the Last Dinosaur, Mr. Hollywood in 2 Stupid Dogs, Doctor Mindbender in G.I. Joe, Clyde Cat in Tom and Jerry Kids, Papa Q. Bear in The Berenstain Bears, and Doofus Drake in DuckTales, he can also be heard as the voice of Sokolov in the Metal Gear Solid video games.

Personal life
Cummings is married to his wife Carla, together they have eight children.

Filmography

Animation

Theatrical films
Jetsons: The Movie (1990) – Movie Announcer
Beauty and the Beast (1991) – The Stove
FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992) – Ock

Direct-to-video films
 G.I. Joe: The Movie (1987) – Doctor Mindbender
 A Flintstones Christmas Carol (1994) – Ghost of Christmas Present
 Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights (1994) – Sultan
 Annabelle's Wish (1997) – Brewster
 K10C: Kids' Ten Commandments (2003 film series) – Aron, God, Raca

Television
Spider-Man (1981) – ESU Principal (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town"), General (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town")
The Little Rascals (1982) – Captain Smokey (in "Cap'n Spanky's Showboat")
Snorks (1984) – Dimmy Finster
The Berenstain Bears (1985-1987) - Papa Q. Bear
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1986) – Doctor Mindbender
2 Stupid Dogs (1993–1995) – Mr. Hollywood
Animaniacs – Announcer (ep. Smell Ya Later 1994)
Les Dalton (2010–2012) – William Dalton
We Wish You a Merry Walrus (2014) – Merry Walrus

Video games
Tron: Solar Sailer (1982) – MCP
The Mark of Kri (2002) – Baumusu
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (2004) – Sokolov
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (2006) – Sokolov, Ghost
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice (2019) – Sculptor

Live-action
Hughes and Harlow: Angels in Hell (1977) – Assistant Director
California Suite (1978) – Autograph Seeker
Where the Buffalo Roam (1980) – Richard Nixon (voice)
ALF (1986) – Announcer (TV promos and closing for syndicated reruns)
The All-New Let's Make a Deal (1984–1985) – Announcer
Fun House (1988) – Announcer (pilot episode only)
 Pikes Peak By Rail (1991) – Narrator
Good Burger (1997) – Announcer (Trailers and promos)
Most Shocking (2006–2010) – Announcer
Most Daring (2007–2010) – Announcer
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) – Announcer (for RPMs Toy Promo)

References

External links

Brian Cummings at Voice Chasers

1948 births
Living people
Male actors from South Dakota
Male actors from Los Angeles
American male radio actors
American male voice actors
Game show announcers
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Disney people
Paramount Global people


Gold mining in Alaska, a state of the United States, has been a major industry and impetus for exploration and settlement since a few years after the United States acquired the territory in 1867 from the Russian Empire.  Russian explorers discovered placer gold in the Kenai River in 1848, but no gold was produced.  Gold mining started in 1870 from placers southeast of Juneau, Alaska.

Gold occurs and has been mined throughout Alaska; except in the vast swamps of the Yukon Flats, and along the North Slope between the Brooks Range and the Beaufort Sea. Areas near Fairbanks and Juneau, and Nome have produced most of Alaska's historical output and provide all current gold production . Nearly all of the large and many of the small placer-gold mines currently operating in the US are in Alaska. Seven modern large-scale hard-rock mines operated in Alaska ; five were gold-producing mines. There are also small-scale hard-rock gold-mining operations. In 2019 Alaska produced 539,390 troy ounces, 8.4% of the total national production, second only to Nevada (76%). This total was in steady decline from a peak of 1,022,987 ounces in 2013, which had been the highest since 1906. 2019 production was from five major mines: Fort Knox, Pogo, Kensington, Greens Creek and Dawson.

For 2018, gold worth $888,302,130 accounted for 28% of the mining wealth produced in Alaska. In comparison, zinc and lead mainly from the Red Dog mine, accounted for 66%; silver, mainly from the Greens Creek mine, accounted for 6.6%; and coal accounted for 1.1%. Alaska produced a total of 49.27 million troy ounces of gold from 1880 through the end of 2018.

Active mines
The following are active gold-producing mines and advanced lode exploration or development projects.
200,263

Lode (hard rock) mines
 The Fort Knox mine is located within the Fairbanks North Star Borough,  northeast of Fairbanks. The mine site is located primarily on State of Alaska and the Mental Health Trust lands. The mine is wholly owned by Kinross Gold Corporation. The mine opened in 1996 and in 2019 produced  of gold. Fort Knox is an open-pit operation using carbon-in-pulp, heap leach, and gravity processes to recover gold. At the end of 2015 there were reserves of 162.4 million tons at 0.012 ounce of gold per ton (0.37 g/t), sufficient to carry the mine plan into year 2020, within a total identified resource of 284.4 million tons at 0.013 ounce per ton (0.40 g/t), containing  of gold. Total 2015 employment at Fort Knox was 657 full-time-equivalent positions.
 The underground Pogo gold mine is owned and operated by Northern Star Resources, on State of Alaska-owned land  northeast of Delta Junction in the Goodpaster district. In 2019 it produced  of gold from stacked, shallow-dipping quartz veins up to . Pogo had 640 employees on site in 2018.
 The underground Kensington gold mine, owned by Coeur Mining, is located 45 air miles north of Juneau and  south of Haines, located in the Berners Bay mining district. Access to the mine is by air or sea. The ore deposit consists of multiple mesothermal quartz, carbonate, and pyrite vein swarms and discrete quartz–pyrite veins hosted in Cretaceous diorite. Ore is processed in a flotation mill that produces a gold-bearing concentrate. In 2019  of gold were produced from 21,829 tons of concentrate that were shipped to an off-site refinery. The December 2015 Proven and Probable Reserve was 2.8 million tons of ore at 0.198 ounces of gold per ton (6.16 g/t) with  of contained gold out of a total identified resource, inclusive of the Proven and Probable Reserve, of 6.7 million tons at 0.263 ounces of gold per ton (8.18 g/t). There were 332 full-time-equivalent employees at Kensington at the end of 2015.
 The Greens Creek mine is a silver-lead-zinc-gold mine owned and operated by Hecla Mining, located on private and federal land in the Admiralty mining district,  southwest of Juneau. The Greens Creek deposit is a polymetallic, stratiform, volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit that opened in 1989. In 2019, Greens Creek produced  of gold. The mine also produced  of silver, 51,532 tonnes of zinc and 18,245 tonnes of lead. As of December 31, 2019 Hecla reported a proven and probable reserve of 10.72 million tons of ore at 12.2 ounces of silver per ton, 2.80 g/t (0.09 oz/t) of gold, 2.8 percent lead, and 7.3 percent zinc. The estimated measured and indicated mineral resource was 8.645 million tons at 11.7 ounces of silver per ton, 0.1 ounce of gold per ton, 2.8 percent lead, and 8.1 percent zinc. In 2017 there were 414 local direct full-time-equivalent employees, part of a total of 975 direct, indirect, and induced employees.

Advanced gold-bearing hard rock exploration projects of note
 The Donlin Gold project, in the Kuskokwim Gold Belt, contains a Proven and Probable Reserve of 33.8 million ounces at a grade of 2.09 g/t (using a gold price of US$975/oz), within a Measured and Indicated Resource of 39 million ounces of gold at 2.03 g/t. Donlin is one of the largest known undeveloped gold deposits in the world. If developed according to plans published in spring 2009 it will be one of the largest gold mines in the world. A large and robust series of felsic sills and dikes hosts the gold in association with small-scale quartz (and lesser quartz and/or carbonate) veinlets. The sills intrude a thick sequence (5000+ feet) of non-metamorphosed, folded, graywacke, sandstone, and shale. The deposit occurs on private land owned by native corporations Calista Corporation and The Kuskokwim Corp. Donlin Creek LLC, equally owned by Barrick Gold and NovaGold Resources, holds a lease on the land and operates the project. Donlin Gold is expected to be a conventional open pit, truck-and-shovel operation. Production is expected to occur over 27 years.
 Pebble Copper, discovered in 1987, is one of the largest known copper-gold porphyry deposits in the world. It is located on State of Alaska-owned land. The deposit contains a measured and indicated resource of 6.46 billion tonnes of ore grading 0.34 g/t gold, 0.40% copper, and 0.024% molybdenum, for 70.6 million ounces of gold, 56.9 billion pounds of copper, and 3.42 billion pounds of molybdenum (at a 0.3% copper-equivalent cutoff grade).
 The Niblack prospect, a copper-gold-zinc-silver VMS deposit on southeastern Prince of Wales Island, in the Ketchikan Mining District. Mineralization occurs as massive sulfide bodies hosted within a local rhyolite belt within a package of deeply deformed and metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. In the last ten years, significant underground and surface exploration occurred at this early-1900s minesite. At November 2011, an Indicated Resource estimate was 3.4 million tonnes of ore grading 0.81% copper, 1.32 g/t gold, 1.29% zinc and 20.10 g/t silver, containing 118.1 million pounds of copper, 317,220 troy ounces of gold, 215.0 million pounds of zinc, and 5.35 million troy ounces of silver.

Placer mining
Placer mining continues throughout Alaska. Placer mine production during the 5 years to 2014 has averaged 74,360 ounces of gold or 8 percent of the total gold produced in Alaska annually. All of these operations are seasonal, none employ more than a few dozen people. Many are family operations with roots reaching back several generations. The 2015 estimate of 120 full-time-equivalent jobs attributed to placer gold mining as reported by the Mine Safety and Health Administration is underreported and is considered a minimum estimate.

Historical lode and placer gold mines

Southeast Alaska

Porcupine district
Over  of placer gold came from the Porcupine district near Haines. Porcupine Creek, about  north of Haines, is the site of an 1898 gold discovery; the creek has been intermittently placer mined ever since. Outside of the Porcupine basin only a few other creeks – Glacier, Nugget and Cottonwood – produced significant gold. The area around Reid Inlet, in modern Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, hosted several hard rock gold prospects, including the LeRoy mine, which exploited quartz veins for about 10,000 ounces of gold production. The district, which includes Skagway and Haines, is bordered to the north and east by Canada. To the west is the Pacific Ocean and the Chichagof District lies to the south. The Discovery Channel series Gold Rush Alaska takes place in this region.

Juneau district

In 1880 a local inhabitant, Chief Kowee, revealed to prospectors Joe Juneau and Richard Harris the presence of gold in what is now named Gold Creek in Silver Bow Basin. The city of Juneau was founded there that year.  The strike sparked the Juneau gold rush, which resulted in the development of many placer and lode mines including the largest, at the time, gold mines in the world - the Treadwell complex of lode mines on Douglas Island (across a narrow sea channel from Juneau) and the AJ lode mine, in Juneau itself.

Over 7 million ounces of lode gold and  of placer gold have been recovered from the Juneau district.

Admiralty district

Most of the gold recovered from the Admiralty mining district (which consists of Admiralty Island) is a by product of silver and base metal mining. The Alaska Empire underground lode mine recovered gold from quartz veins in metamorphic rocks. Discovered and staked in the 1920s, production of about 20,000 tonnes of 0.25 ounce-per-ton gold ore occurred in the mid-1930s. The Funter Bay underground lode mine produced about 500 thousand tonnes of copper-nickel-cobalt ore, without gold, from a Mesozoic gabbro-norite pipe. No significant placer mining was done on Admiralty. About 500,000 ounces of gold, almost all from the currently operating Greens Creek lode silver mine, have been recovered from the Admiralty district.

Chichagof district

Approximately 800,000 ounces of gold have come from the Chichagof district. Chichagof, Yakobi, Baranof and smaller islands comprise the  district.
Numerous lode and placer prospects and mines exist in the district. Major production came from underground lode mines exploiting gold-in-quartz veins.

Apex-El Nido mine
The Apex-El Nido produced perhaps 50,000 ounces of gold from a mile of underground workings exploiting polymetallic quartz veins.

Hirst-Chichagof mine
From 1922 to 1933 the Hirst-Chichagof produced 133,000 ounces of gold and 33,000 ounces of silver from polymetallic quartz veins assaying nearly 1 ounce of gold per ton. There are over a mile of underground workings, reaching  below the surface. Significant reserves remain, which have attracted exploration efforts in the 1980s and 1990s.

Chichagof mine
The Chichagof mine opened in 1905 and by 1942 had yielded 660,000 ounces of gold and 195,000 ounces of silver from quartz veins assaying over 1 oz gold per ton. There were several miles of workings on 5 levels. Six shafts reached a maximum of  below sea level.
Between 1981 and 1988 several thousand feet of new workings were dug, and engineering and environmental studies were done, but the project was abandoned.

Petersburg-Sumdum district
15,000 ounces of gold from placers, came from the Petersburg-Sumdum district which consists of; Zarembo, Etolin, and Wrangell Islands, and the mainland between the Juneau and Ketchikan districts. Many small lode deposits were located in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The most significant  lode producer was the Sumdum Chief, which was discovered in 1889 and operated until exhausted in 1903. 24,000 ounces of gold were extracted from two quartz veins averaging ore of about 0.39 ounces per ton of both gold and silver. The mine reached a depth of  and had a ten-stamp mill. In Windham Bay, a cluster of mineral claim holdings were consolidated in the 1920s; the Jensen mine was the most productive of these, producing about 50 ounces of gold. Several aerial tramways, thousands of feet long, connected various adits and mills.

Ketchikan district

Approximately 58,000 ounces of lode gold and 4000 ounces of placer gold have come from the Ketchikan district, consisting of Dall, Prince of Wales, Revillagigedo, and smaller islands, as well some mainland, in the southernmost-part of Alaska.
Numerous historical lode mines and prospects for base metals, uranium, rare earth elements (REE's), iron, and platinum group elements (PGE's), as well as gold exist in the Ketchikan district. Major gold production came from underground lode mines exploiting: gold-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks (such as the Gold Standard, Sea Level, Dawson, Golden Fleece, and Goldstream mines); skarns (at the Jumbo and Kassan Peninsula copper-gold mines); zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons, as at the Salt Chuck silver-gold-copper-PGE mine; and VMS deposits such as Niblack.

A high-yielding mine in Ketchikan District is the Golden Fleece Mine, located about 0.2 mile north of the north end of James Lake on Prince of Wales Island, latitude: 55.152179, longitude: -132.056635. The mine was most active from 1901 to 1905.

Interior Alaska, north of the Yukon River

Chandalar District

The Chandalar district is the area around the upper drainage of the Chandalar River, includes some southern foothills of the Brooks Range, and extends to the crest of the Brooks Range. Discovery of placer gold in 1906 was quickly followed by lode discoveries. Most of the placer-producing creeks drain the area of lode mineralization. The district produced about 48,000 ounces of placer gold and 17,000 ounces of lode gold.

Little Squaw Creek
Little Squaw Creek drains an area cut by many auriferous veins. Some of the placers in the basin are exceptionally rich. By 1916 most of the shallow placers were playing out so miners shifted their interest to the placer drift mines (underground operations). The most notable of these is the Little Squaw Bench, including the Mellow Bench. Approximately 29,000 ounces of gold were recovered averaging 1.0 oz/cubic yard of gold in the gravels with spikes of up to 4.6 oz/cubic yard. Some individual nuggets were over 10 ounces.  In 2010, gold production resumed with mining of the placer deposits by the Gold Rich Mining Company.

Little Squaw and Mikado lodes
In 1909 to 1915 development and underground gold mining occurred at the Little Squaw, with a few hundred feet of workings built and a few dozen ounces of gold recovered. The nearby Mikado mine enjoyed similar efforts around 1913. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s additional work was done. These later efforts probably recovered more than 10,000 ounces of gold.
Significant efforts resumed in 2006, and are ongoing, to explore the Little Squaw placer and lode deposits.

Koyukuk-Nolan district
The district encompasses the upper Koyukuk River basin including the Alatna and Kanuti rivers and the village of Bettles. The district extends from the southern flank of the Brooks Range to the northern Ray Mountains, and is directly west of the Chandalar district. Much of the district is now in Gates of the Arctic National Park. Gold was discovered in placer deposits in the district in 1901. About 350,000 ounces of placer gold have been won from the area, perhaps 85% of it from near Wiseman. Mining continues today in the district.
Much of the district is underlain by bedded Paleozoic rocks, a schist belt extends along the southern foothills of the Brooks Range. Cretaceous plutons intrude metamorphic rocks in the southern part of the district. Pleistocene ice sheets from the Brooks Range and cirque glaciers in the Ray Mountains covered much of the higher elevations. Glaciers are now restricted to the highest cirques of the Brooks Range.

Nolan Creek
Miners produced 235,000 ounces of gold from Nolan Creek between 1904 and 1999. Some of the placer gold is mined by underground methods in frozen gravels. A 42-troy ounce nugget, Alaska's twentieth-largest, came from Marys Bench on Nolan Creek. Placer mining activity continues, with a reserve of 214,760 ounces of gold reported in 2000.

Hammond River
Mining occurred on the Hammond River, a tributary of the Koyukuk River, from about 1900 to at least 2000. Exact production is unknown, but is estimated at 80,000 ounces.

A rich, deep channel was struck beneath the Hammond River in 1912, and during the following 4 years, over 48,000 oz gold were produced, including a 138.8-oz nugget.  (Pringel, 1921; T.K. Bundtzen, written communication, 1999)
Much of the gold was coarse: the third (146 troy oz.), fourth (139 troy oz.), 14th (61 troy ounces), and 17th (55 troy ounces) largest gold nuggets in Alaska were found on the Hammond River between Discovery claim and Vermont Creek a distance of 4 miles.
Only the richest ground was possible to mine as the Hammond River was one of the most remote placer districts in North America until 1975 when the Dalton Highway for the Alaskan Pipeline project was completed.
Historically the Hammond River is one of the largest gold producers in the Koyukuk district. Gold was discovered on the Hammond River, just above the lower canyon mouth, about 2 miles upstream from the Koyukuk River. In the early years, attempts were made to mine the modern stream gravels. At the mouth of  Swift Creek a wing dam was built to divert the river for mining, but numerous cobbles and small boulders made the venture unprofitable. Approximately 500 ounces was recovered with pick and shovels in Summer of 1902. Later, shafts sunk 66 feet to bedrock at the discovery site were reported to show the presence of gold in paying quantities. The majority of the gold production on the Hammond came out of the deep channel as early miners were unable to deal with the water and cobbles in the present river channel.

The Hammond River contains deep channel, bench, and modern stream placers.
Much of the Hammond River gold is of the coarse nugget variety. Several nuggets weighing from 45 to 59 oz were found in the early days. In 1914 a 138.8 oz nugget (fourth largest in Alaska) was found in a mud-filled crack on bedrock near Gold Bottom Gulch (Engineering and Mining Journal, 1915, p. 1021; T. Bundzten, personal communication, 1999).

In 1914, on No. 4 Above, Hammond River (Goldbottom Gulch), J. C. Kinney and partners picked up nuggets from bedrock valued at about $20,000; one nugget, the second largest ever found in Alaska, was worth $2600. The rest of the dump when sluiced yielded a little less than the value of the "pickings." (Engineering and Mining Journal, 1914, p. 1062 Vol. 98 No. 24. (Gold at $20.00 per ounce.)

Placers on Slisco bench, an ancient buried channel of Hammond River near Vermont Creek on the west side of the present Hammond River contain a measured resource of 31,099 oz gold with grades of up to 0.3 oz/cy. Inferred resources on the same bench range from 50,000 to 150,000 oz. (2002) .  Other benches of Hammond River between Discovery Claim and Slisco Bench have similar potential but have not been systematically prospected with modern technology.

U.S. Department of Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report 50
Mineral Investigations in the Koyukuk Mining
District, Northern Alaska

Maddren USGS Bulletin 532  1913

Hughes District
The Hughes district includes the basin of the lower Koyukuk River (below the Kanuti). Much of the area is a swampy, lake-studded lowland, from which rises rounded hills to elevations of several thousand feet.

Placer mines in the Zane Hills on Bear Creek, a tributary of the Hogatza River, are the biggest source of gold from the district. Placer deposits clustered near the village of Hughes and Indian Mountain are the other significant source of placer gold from the district. The district has produced about 245,000 ounces, with traces of copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver and platinum.

Melozitna District
On the northern side of the Yukon River, between the Melotizna and Ray rivers, most of the district is rolling ridges with highest elevations over , where now-gone Pleistocene cirque glaciers developed. Placer gold was discovered in 1907, but activity was sporadic and poorly recorded. About 10,000 ounces of gold, with significant by-product tin, was won from placer deposits by the 1960s.

Interior Alaska, south of the Yukon River

Kaiyuh District

Illinois Creek Mine
The mine is located in the remote Kaiyuh Mountains of west-central Alaska about  south of the Yukon River  village of Galena. The Illinois Creek lode gold-silver mine exploited a shear-hosted gold deposit which was partly expressed as color anomalies visible from aircraft. Located on State of Alaska land, it was discovered in the 1980s. In February 1996 a feasibility study was completed, with the deposit estimated to contain about 350,000 ounces of gold and 2,500,000 ounces of silver. Construction began the next month, but was halted by winter conditions in November. By then, with the development uncompleted and six-million more than the total mine construction-and-operating budget of 26-million dollars already spent, USMX, the mining company that owned Illinois Creek, was millions of dollars in arrears on invoices and short on cash. New financing allowed construction to resume in 1997; the mine poured its first gold in June 1997. In 1998 the company entered bankruptcy. In 1999 the State of Alaska assumed control of the mine. A mine-to-reclaim arrangement between the state and a newly involved mining contractor resulted in the reclamation and closure of the mine by 2005. A bond is in place to provide environmental monitoring for 30 years.

Ruby-Poorman District

The Ruby-Poorman District lies south of the Yukon River. The district produced nearly a half million ounces of gold, all from placer mines. The largest gold nugget ever found in Alaska (294.1 troy oz) was recovered from Swift Creek in 1998. The placers are mostly deeply buried, and most were originally worked with shafts and drifts. Dozens of creeks in the district were mined, many more bear gold prospects. Cassiterite, platinum, scheelite, allanite, and native bismuth have been recovered along with gold from placer mines in the district.

Hot Springs District
This district, which produced about 576,000 ounces, includes placer mines at Manley and Eureka.

Rampart district
Nearly 200,000 ounces of gold was recovered from placer mines in the district.

Circle district

Over 1 million ounces of gold have been recovered from placer deposits in the Circle district. Uplands with thousands of feet of generally mild relief are underlain by a complex metamorphic terrane intruded by a broad range of igneous rocks. Many gold occurrences are known, but no gold lodes are identified. Placer mining has been reported for every year since 1894.

Eagle district
This small district includes the village of Eagle on the Yukon River, and borders Canada. About 50,000 ounces of gold, all from placer deposits, has been recovered from the district since gold was discovered in 1895 on American Creek and the Seventy-mile River.

Tolovana-Livengood district
Livengood is about  northwest of Fairbanks on the Dalton Highway. In July, 1914 Jay Livengood and N.R. Hudson discovered gold on Livengood Creek. Hundreds of people arrived in the district the following winter. A post office existed at Livengood from 1915 to 1957. Only a few dozen people live at Livengood today, some only seasonally. A variety of creeks in the district were mined. Many gold lode occurrences are known and exploration continues for open pittable lode deposits. Over 500,000 ounces of gold have been recovered from placers in the district.

Early development and production was from relatively shallow pay in tributaries of Livengood Creek. By 1939, large, deeply buried (80 to 110 feet), thawed, bench placer deposits on the northwest limit of Livengood Creek valley were defined. The pay streak varied from 100 to  wide and was at least  long. Gold reserves of over 1 million ounces were defined by drilling prior to 1940. A dredge operated near the town of Livengood in 1940, 1946 and probably other years.

Alaska's 12th-largest (73 troy ounces) and 16th-largest (56 troy ounces) nuggets were found in the district, on Dome Creek.

Fairbanks district

Placer mining began near Fairbanks in July 1902, after Felix Pedro (real name Felice Pedroni), an Italian immigrant and Tom Gilmore discovered gold in the hills north of the Tanana and Chena Rivers in 1901.  The district was and is a major producer of gold from both placer and lode deposits: placers have produced over 8 million troy ounces (250 tonnes) of gold, lodes have yielded over 4 million ounces.

Goodpaster district
Only a few thousand ounces of gold from placer mines, and a few hundred ounces from lode gold mines were produced from the Goodpaster district before the discovery of Pogo. The district is east of the Fairbanks and south of the Circle district.

Pogo mine

The Pogo mine is located on a hillside above the Goodpaster River, about  southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska. The deposit was discovered in 1995 by Sumitomo Metal Mining and Sumitomo Corporation on land owned by the State of Alaska. A private  gravel access road and power line connects the mine to the Richardson Highway near Delta Junction. The mine is an underground operation that exploits two large (several meters thick) and high-grade gold-bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the tailings are returned underground, the rest is interred in a dry stack tailings facility on the surface. The mine was developed, and originally operated, by Teck Cominco. Sumitomo Metal Mining (a non-operating partner and part-owner of the Pogo deposit since discovery) bought Teck's share of the mine in 2009. Sumitomo sold the mine to Northern Star Resources in 2018.

The mine was permitted in 2003 and the first gold ore bar was poured on February 12, 2006. 340 company employees and more than 200 contract employees were employed at the mine in 2018. The mine has estimated indicated and inferred mineral resources of 4.15 million ounces of gold at a grade of 14.7 g/t (JORC).

Fortymile district

The 1886 discovery of gold on Franklin's Bar on the Fortymile River touched off Interior Alaska's first gold rush. The mining boom ushered in a wave of settlement that forever changed the place, not only for its new residents but for the Athabascan Indians who occupied this region long before them. The miners who prospected nearly every creek in the region eventually extracted more than a half-million ounces of gold from the Fortymile, including a 56.8 troy ounce nugget, Alaska's 15th-largest. Reports of starvation and lawlessness among the miners resulted in the Army sending troops to the Eagle area to provide law enforcement in 1899. Soldiers soon began work on a trail from Valdez to Eagle.

Gold was first discovered in the Chicken Creek drainage in 1896, 10 years after the gold discovery on the Fortymile River. The F.E. Company, a subsidiary of the U.S. Smelting Refining & Mining Co., acquired most of the claims during the 1940s and dredged  of the creek from 1959 to 1967. Since then, several family operations have mined on the creek. It is estimated that over 100,000 ounces of gold has been produced from the Chicken Creek drainage.

The beginning of the end of the Fortymile Gold Rush came in August 1896 when George Carmack reported the first gold strike along the Klondike River in Canada. Within a few years the once-booming towns in the Fortymile region were abandoned and forgotten. Some of the original Fortymile miners returned to the area after the Klondike Gold Rush passed. From 1887 to 1890 the Upper Yukon region was the richest and most productive mining area in the region. During those three years the area produced 1,200,000 ounces of gold, accounting for 5 percent of Alaska's total gold production.

Chisana-White River district
Gold production from this area is balanced between 78,000 ounces of placer and 66,000 ounces of lode gold. Directly south of the Fortymile district, the Chisana district includes headwaters of the Nabesna and White rivers, and tributaries of the Tanana River; it includes parts of the Wrangell Mountains and the Alaska Range. Difficulties of location, lack of water, and small deposit size limited placer activity.
The Nabesna underground lode mine produced gold-copper-silver ore between 1930 and WWII.

Kantishna district
The Kantishna Gold Rush began soon after The Nome Nugget printed the headline “FOUND HIGH GRADE GOLD” on September 9, 1903. Located on the north flanks of Denali (Mount McKinley), the District was a hard place to operate a mine. Nevertheless, some of the largest gold nuggets found in Alaska have been found in the area, including the 9th largest (92 troy ounces). 92,000 ounces of placer gold and 8000 ounces of gold from lode mines has come from the district. Today, the district is located within Denali National Park and Preserve.

Southwestern Alaska

Kuskokwim Gold Belt

The Kuskokwim Gold Belt (KGB, also known as the Kuskokwim Mineral Belt) is a broad loosely geologically and geographically defined swath of country arcing for approximately  across southwest Alaska. It lies northwest of the Alaska Range and is roughly centered on the Kuskokwim River basin. Geologically it is dominated by flysch of Cretaceous-age Kuskokwim Group sediments and a variety of igneous rocks. It also includes a variety of exotic terranes. In 1913, Alfred H. Brooks described it as, "a more or less broken belt of gold-bearing rocks which stretches northeastward from Goodnews Bay parallel to the lower course of the Kuskokwim, toward the Iditarod District, and a number of streams traversing this belt carry auriferous gravels." The KGB lies mostly within the southwestern part of the Tintina Gold Province or "Golden Arch" which lies roughly between the Denali-Farewell and Kaltag-Tintina fault systems and arcs up from southwest Alaska, through central Alaska, and down across the Yukon Territory to British Columbia.

The KGB includes all or parts of the historic Aniak/Tuluksak, Anvik, Bethel, Goodnews Bay, Iditarod-Flat, Innoko, Marshall, McGrath, Ruby, and Tolstoi mining districts, as well as newly realized gold-rich areas. Over 3.2 million ounces of gold have been recovered from the belt.

The first mineral discovery by the Russians in Alaska (a cinnabar-stibnite deposit) occurred in the Aniak district in 1838. Pay gold was found in 1901 on tributaries of the Kuskokwim River in the Aniak district.

Marshall-Anvik District
The Marshall and Anvik districts produced about  and minor amounts of platinum, mainly from Wilson Creek.
The district has the Bering Sea to the west, the Yukon River to the south, and the Iditarod and Kaiyuh districts to the east.

Aniak District

About 220,000 ounces of gold produced, mainly from the Tuluksuk River (where the town of Nyac is located) and Crooked Creek basins and with lesser production from Wattamuse and other creeks scattered around the district. Mining continues at present, but reserves are not known. Cinnabar (mercury sulfide) occurs in many of the placer mines in this district, most notably at Cinnabar Creek.

Donlin Creek
Placer mining began on benches and tributaries on the east side of Crooked Creek and its tributary Donlin Creek in 1910; a family-scale placer-mining operation continues today. Granitic dike swarms cutting the shales and sandstones of the Kuskokwim Group rocks in the hills east of upper Crooked Creek were recognized by USGS geologists in 1915 as the probable source of the placer gold.

In the 1970s Calista Corporation, an Alaska Native Corporation, as part of its land grant under ANSCA selected the land east of Crooked Creek, based on its mineral potential. In 1986 modern hardrock exploration of the Donlin area began with WestGold's efforts, which were abandoned after two years, due not to the lack of gold, but to the refractory (technically difficult to extract from the rock) nature of the gold. PlacerDome signed a lease with Calista and began exploration at Donlin in 1995. That effort continues today, having evolved to a 50:50 partnership between Barrick Gold and NovaGold Resources, in cooperation with Calista, the landowner. Over 150 million dollars have been expended on exploration, engineering, and environmental studies.

If eventually exploited, the mine will be an open pit several miles wide. Latest estimates (April 2009) report that Donlin contains 29.3 million ounces of proven and probable gold reserves (calculated at a gold price of $750) and an additional 10 million ounces of gold resource. The gold occurs within the crystal lattice of arsenopyrite associated with other metal sulfides in veins, veinlets, and disseminations mainly in the felsic dikes, but also in less common altered mafic dikes and in the sediments.

Iditarod District
The Iditarod district lies between the lower Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers: the Aniak district abuts it to the south. A gold rush followed the discovery of gold on Otter Creek in 1909. Over 1.5 million ounces of placer gold and a few thousand ounces of lode gold have been recovered from the Iditarod area, making it one of the more important gold-mining districts in Alaska. Much of the gold-producing ground in the district was consolidated by the Morgan-Guggenheim consortium.

Tolstoi District
The drainage basin of Tolstoi Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the Dishna, roughly defines the district. The district lies between the Iditarod and Innoko districts. Placer gold and platinum were discovered by drifting in frozen gravels 35 feet deep on Boob Creek in the winter of 1915–1916. A gold rush occurred in the district the following winter. Historic production of 11,000 ounces of gold, as well as some byproduct platinum, is recorded for the district.

Innoko District
The Aniak district lies to the south, the Tolstoi district to the west. Almost 3/4 million ounces of placer gold has been won from Innoko River and its tributaries in the district. Lode gold production of 150 ounces is also recorded. Cripple, Colorado, Yankee, Games, Ophir, and Little Creeks had prominent placer mines: a third of the districts production came from Ganes Creek. Gold-bearing porphyritic intrusive rocks adjacent to the Ganes Creek and Colorado Creek placers are similar in composition and age to the dike swarms at 29-million ounce Donlin Creek.

Ganes Creek
The property is located approximately 40 km west of McGrath, and 440 km northwest of Anchorage. Games is famous for producing spectacular gold nuggets including the 5th (122 troy ounces) and 13th-largest (62.5 troy ounce) in Alaska. The presence of cobble-size quartz with sulfide boxwork and coarse gold suggest that the placer gold is primary, originating from bedrock sources. Historical production figures from Ganes Creek are in excess of 250,000 oz. gold; an additional estimated resource of 736,000 oz. of placer gold exists on patented claims.

McGrath-McKinley district
Almost 200,000 ounces of lode gold and over 130,000 ounces of placer gold have come from the district. The district lies on the northeast side of the Aniak district.

Nixon Fork mine
The Nixon Fork mine was an underground lode gold-copper mine located  northeast of McGrath, Alaska. Placer gold was discovered nearby in 1917, by 1918 hardrock mining was underway, and continued intermittently until 1964. Ore consists of shoots of massive sulfides and native gold found with skarns along the contact of sedimentary rocks and the Mystery Creek quartz monzonite stock. The mine was reopened by Nevada Goldfields, Inc. in 1995 and operated until 1999. In 2005 resource and exploration development resumed. Gold production occurred in 2006 and 2007, and again from 2011 to 2013. Production has totaled 187,000 ounces of gold, 2,190,000 pounds of copper, and at least 11,000 ounces of silver.

Goodnews Bay District

The district is in extreme southwestern Alaska, and borders the Bering Sea. About 600,000 ounces of platinum (plus some iridium, osmium, ruthenium, palladium, and rhenium) and 27,000 ounces of gold were won from placer deposits in the Salmon River from 1934 to 1976. Present reserves are unknown, but are the subject of ongoing exploration. The source of the platinum-group elements appears to be in the Red Mountain and Susie Mountain ultramafic rocks. Extensive geochemical and geophysical surveys during the past several years have identified areas with as much as 0.1 ounce per ton platinum in the soils, but no reserve has been demonstrated.

Seward Peninsula
Surveyors belonging to the 1865 Count Bendeleben expedition exploring a route across Siberia, the Bering Sea, and Alaska for a communications cable reported gold in the Fish River area of the Seward Peninsula. But it was not until the 1898 $1500-to-the-pan strike on Anvil Creek that gold-seekers came to the region.

Nome (Cape Nome) district

Placer gold deposits on Anvil Creek and on the Snake River, a few miles from the future site of Nome, were discovered in 1898 by Jafet Lindeberg, Erik Lindblom and John Brynteson,  the "Three Lucky Swedes". Word of the strike caused a major gold rush to Nome in the spring of 1899.  Over 3.6 million ounces of gold have been recovered from the Nome district, almost all of it from placer deposits. The Rock Creek mine, owned by Bering Straits Native Corporation, was constructed in 2007 by NovaGold Resources. The mine began producing gold in September 2008, but permanently ceased in November 2008 due to difficulties with the ore crushing and grinding circuit. It is now in closure and reclamation mode.

Council-Solomon District

Over a million ounces of gold are reported recovered from the district.

Fairhaven Inmachuk District
The Fairhaven-Inmachuk district lies north of the Solomon District and extends north to Kotzebue Sound of the Chukchi Sea. The district (including Candle) produced about 600,000 ounces of gold with minor amounts of chromium, copper, lead, platinum, bismuth, tungsten, mercury, molybdenum, silver, and rare-earth elements.

Kougarok district
The district is the central part of the Seward Peninsula, draining into the Imruck Basin. Gold was discovered in 1900 and production from placer mines continues to this day. 177,000 ounces of gold have been recovered from the Kougarok district.

Koyuk district
84,000 ounces of placer gold came from the district, the southeastern part of the Seward Peninsula. Major producers were; the Ungalik River and its tributary, Bonanza Creek, which produced significant by-product tin, and Dime Creek, which also produced significant platinum. The district encompasses the basins of the Koyuk, Inglutalik, Ungalik, and Shaktoolik Rivers, all draining into northeastern Norton Sound.

Port Clarence district
Mainly a tin district, the westernmost Seward Peninsula, 42,000 ounces of placer gold have been recovered, much of it as a by-product of tin mining.

Southcentral Alaska

Resurrection Creek
Resurrection Creek was the site of Alaska's first gold rush in the late 1890s, and placer mining continues today. The Resurrection Creek watershed drains  on the north side of the Kenai Peninsula, and the community of Hope, Alaska is located at the mouth of Resurrection Creek. Charles Miller located the first claim on Resurrection Creek; then leased it to others for working. By 1893, about a dozen miners were working claims on Resurrection Creek. In
1894, more claims were established on Resurrection Creek.

Valdez Creek
Gold was discovered near Valdez Creek on August 15, 1903. Valdez Creek, a tributary of the Susitna River, is located in central Alaska northeast of milepost 81 on the Denali Highway. A 52-troy ounce nugget (Alaska's 18th-largest) came from Lucky Gulch, a tributary of Valdez Creek. Cambior's Valdez Creek Mine recovered over 75,000 ounces of gold annually, making it the largest placer
operation in North America in 1992. Produced 459,162 ounces of gold from 1984 to 1995. Substantial reserves remain upstream of the active mine. The mine has been shut down and the site reclaimed, but other small-scale placer and lode deposits remain nearby.

Chulitna-Yentna Mineral Belt
The Chulitna-Yentna mineral belt extends northeastward for  or more along the southern flank of the west-central Alaska Range. The belt shares tectonic or compositional features comparable with some well-known mineral belts of the western Cordillera, including the Juneau gold belt.

Chulitna District

Golden Zone Mine

Golden Zone Mine. (Copper, gold, silver, arsenic, zinc). Pipe-like body produced 1,581 ounces of gold, 8,617 ounces of silver, and 21 tons of copper. Recent work indicates reserves of the Pipe, Bunkhouse and Copper King deposits as 13.3 million tons grading 0.095 ounces per ton of gold.

Yentna Cache-Creek District

Gold was discovered in the Yentna District (also known as the Cache Creek District) of the upper Susitna Valley in 1898, soon followed by claim staking.  Placer mining was reported in the Cache Creek drainage of the Dutch Hills by 1906. Quaternary glaciofluvial deposits, alluvial deposits, and Tertiary conglomeratic white quartz-breccia units have been mined in the Dutch Hills. About 200,000 ounces (6.2 tonnes) of gold has been produced from these placer deposits.

Willow Creek Mining District

Gold was first reported in what would become the Willow Creek Mining District (also known as the Independence Mine/Hatcher Pass District) by Robert Hatcher. Hatcher discovered and staked the first lode gold claim in the Willow Creek Valley in September 1906. Through 2006 the district produced 609,000 ounces of hard rock gold and 58,841 ounces of placer gold.

Northwestern Alaska
Drainage basins emptying into Kotzebue Sound of the Bering Sea, including the Noatak River and Kobuk River, define the Kiana, Shungnak, Noatak, and Selawick districts. The Noatak district is now within the Noatak National Preserve, only tiny gold placer production was recorded from some tributaries near the Noatak headwaters. The Selawick district has one creek where gold was produced by a 2-man operation for ten years during the 1950s and 1960s.

Kobuk River district

In 1898, placer and lode gold were discovered on several of the Kobuk River's tributaries. This gold strike (which by some accounts was false) attracted nearly 2,000 people to Alaska, though only 800 actually stayed to find gold. Although mining has continued to take place in this area, little gold has been discovered.

Kiana district
Placer gold was discovered on Klery Creek in 1909. Almost all of the gold, over 40,000 ounces, from this area has come from tributaries of the Squirrel River. Mining has been nearly continuous in this area since discovery. Nephrite jade also occurs in this area.

Shungnak district
All of the 15,000 ounces of gold recovered came from streams draining the Cosmos Hills, a low range along the Kobuk Valley. Gold was discovered on Dahl Creek in 1898, which was the major producer. Copper, chromium, cadmium, and silver, were also recovered with the gold.

Recreational gold mining in Alaska
Recreational mining, i.e., small-scale prospecting and mining using gold pans, sluiceboxes, rockers, suction dredges, and metal detectors, is enjoying a resurgence in Alaska.

There are many commercial ventures that charge fees to recreational miners located on historically rich placer ground, some are road-accessible, many are in remote fly-in locations, most offer lodging and a complete suite of services. Some State and Federal lands in Alaska are open to recreational mining with specific regulations. Popular areas include; areas of Chugach National Forest, areas within Alaska State Parks such as Chugach State Park, Kenai State Parks, and Independence Mine State Historical Park, and along the Dalton Highway.

The Hatcher Pass Public Use Area is located approximately fifteen miles north of Palmer on the Little Susitna River. The area is open to a variety of recreational activities, including recreational mining. A fact sheet provides details on recreational mining within the Hatcher Pass Public Use Area.

Near Fairbanks, both the Pedro Creek area (about 15 miles north of Fairbanks and the site of the original Fairbanks gold discovery by Felix Pedro in 1902) and Nome Creek area within the White Mountains National Recreation Area (approximately 60 miles north of Fairbanks). Gold mining on Nome Creek began in 1900 and was followed by a gold rush.

The Petersville State Recreational Mining Area

See also

 Natural resources of the Arctic
 Gold mining in the United States

References

External links
Alaskan gold mining and exploration companies
 Little Squaw Gold Mining Company: Chandalar Property
 Alaska Freegold Co.: The Blue Ribbon Mine, Alaska
 Kinross: Ft. Knox Mine, Alaska
 Coeur Alaska: The Kensington Gold Mine
 Full Metal Minerals
 Teck Cominco: The Pogo Mine
 MineCache Mine data maps

Mining organizations
 Alaska Miners Association

Government links
Alaska Division of Mining, Land & Water:  Pebble Project
Alaska Division of Mining, Land & Water:  Ft. Knox Mine
Pioneers of Kantishna: Pioneers of Kantishna, NPS
Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
Alaska Division of Mining, Land & Water:  Mining Resources
Alaska State Library:  Nome Gold Rush
Alaska Division of Economic Development: Alaska Gold Rush Attractions and Historic Sites
National Park Service: RECREATIONAL GOLD MINING IN ALASKA-Factsheet


John A. Wiens is an American ecologist. His research has focused on birds and insects in semiarid environments on several continents, emphasizing community ecology and spatial relationships. He is a pioneer in the field of landscape ecology (encompassing geographic and land-use patterns in the study of ecosystems).
John Wiens was the 2005 recipient of the Cooper Ornithological Society’s Loye and Alden Miller Research Award, which is given in recognition of lifetime achievement in ornithological research.
He was Chief Conservation Science Officer at PRBO Conservation Science from 2008 - 2012.

References

American ornithologists
American ecologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Mosque of Omar ( Masjid Umar) is the only mosque in the Old City of Bethlehem, Palestine. It is located on the west side of Manger Square, across the square from the Church of the Nativity.

History

Early Muslim period; location
The mosque is named after Omar (Umar) ibn al-Khattab (c. 581–644), the second Rashidun Caliph. Having conquered Jerusalem, Omar had travelled to Bethlehem in 637 CE to issue a law that would guarantee respect for the shrine and safety of Christians and clergy. Only four years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Omar allegedly prayed at the location of the mosque.

Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) relates how Caliph Omar was advised by a Christian monk to build a mosque in an arcaded building or haniyya, rather than transform the Church of the Nativity into a mosque. Yaqut places the haniyya at a site where biblical kings David and Solomon were thought to be buried. In the early 10th century, Eutychius of Alexandria (877–940) describes the haniyya as placed within a Christian site, facing south and thus being appropriate for Muslim prayer (qibla), and mentions Omar as allowing Muslims to pray in the haniyya only one at a time; and prohibiting them to touch anything there, as well as to call for or conduct congregational prayers inside. Eutychius complained that in his time, the early 10th century, Muslims had broken these three rules. The evolution of the status of this site of prayer seems to have been from an arcaded space attached to a Christian building, where at first Muslims held only limited rights for performing prayers, to a congregational mosque starting from the early tenth century.

The exact location of the haniyya is not clear, but the place thought during late antiquity to be the burial site of David and Solomon was described by the Pilgrim of Bordeaux (330) as not far from the Basilica of the Nativity, and by the Piacenza Pilgrim (570) as half a Roman mile from the town centre.

Modern mosque at new location (1860)
The current mosque was built in 1860, on land given for the purpose by Jerusalem's Greek Orthodox Church. It was renovated in 1955 during Jordanian control of the city. In the past, before the advent of light bulbs, it was common for Muslims and Christians in Bethlehem to offer olive oil to light up the surroundings of the mosque, which was evidence of religious coexistence in the city.

Tensions (2000s)
On February 20, 2006, the Dalai Lama canceled his visit to the mosque, among other places, due to pressure from the government of China. The Palestinian National Authority had requested the cancellation. A foreign ministry official, Majdi al-Khaldi, told reporters, At the request of the Chinese government, we have not received or dealt with him given his separatist ambitions for Tibet.... Given our friendly relations with the Chinese government, which supports the Palestinian people, we asked the local (Bethlehem) authorities as well as civil society groups not to receive him and they acquiesced with our request.
In February 2007, Israel's Shin Bet security agency arrested 20 men who were allegedly recruited for a "Hamas-linked cell" by a Muslim cleric in the Mosque of Omar. Nevertheless, the mosque remained peaceful when Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited on Christmas Eve 2007.

Gallery

References

External links
Photos of the Mosque of Omar at the Manar al-Athar photo archive

Religious buildings and structures completed in 1860
Mosques in Bethlehem


John P. Madgett Station is a base load, coal fired, electrical power station located in Alma, Wisconsin in Buffalo County. Owned by Dairyland Power Cooperative, the John P. Madgett Station and Alma Station are part of its "Alma site".

See also

List of power stations in Wisconsin

References

External links
Alma Site - Dairyland Power Cooperative
Alma Site brochure
Alma Station
John P. Madgett Station

Energy infrastructure completed in 1979
Buildings and structures in Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Coal-fired power stations in Wisconsin


Matthew Knight (born  1993/1994) is a former Canadian actor known for his roles in Queer as Folk, as Ethan Morgan in My Babysitter's a Vampire, and as Jake Kimble in The Grudge film series. Since then he has appeared in over a dozen television series, more than ten television movies and a number of feature-length and short films. He has been nominated seven times for a Young Artist Award and has won twice, for his performance in Candles on Bay Street (2006) and Gooby (2009).

Career
Knight's first leading role in a feature film was Will Burton in Big Spender (2003). After performing on various television shows, he appeared in Peep (2004 and in The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005) as Young Francis Ouimet. In 2006, he appeared in the werewolf film Skinwalkers. He later appeared in The Grudge 2 (2006) and The Grudge 3 (2009) as Jake Kimble.

Knight later appeared The Good Witch (2008), The Good Witch's Garden (2009), The Good Witch's Gift (2010), The Good Witch's Family (2011) and The Good Witch's Charm (2012). He also starred in the television movie and series My Babysitter's a Vampire. He has starred in the episodes, "Alien Candy" and "Checking Out" of the TV series, R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour.

Personal life
Knight resided in Mount Albert, Ontario and attended Unionville High School where he was in the performing arts program. He has an older brother, Jack Knight, and sister, Tatum Knight, who are also actors.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
21st-century Canadian male actors


Ogolcho is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, it has a latitude and longitude of  with an elevation of 1687 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Ziway Dugda woreda.

Overview
According to the Oromia Regional government, this town currently has telephone service, postal service, and electricity.

According to materials on the Nordic Africa Institute website, Ogolcho was the administrative center of a woreda at least as early as the 1980s.

According to data from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, the population of Ogolcho was estimated to be 4,338, with 2,220 males and 2,118 females. In contrast, the 1994 national census indicated that the town had a population of 2,424, consisting of 1,204 males and 1,220 females.

Notes

Populated places in the Oromia Region


Donald Gordon may refer to:

 Donald Gordon (Canadian businessman) (1901–1969), Bank of Canada and Canadian National Railways executive
 Donald Gordon (South African businessman) (1930–2019), South African businessman and philanthropist
 Don Gordon (actor) (1926–2017), U.S. actor
 Don Gordon (baseball) (born 1959), baseball pitcher
 Donald "Flash" Gordon (1920–2010), World War II US Navy flying ace
 Don Gordon (ice hockey) (born 1948), professional ice hockey player
 Donald Gordon (cricketer) (born 1990), English cricketer
 Donald Gordon, a main character in Roberta Williams' Phantasmagoria
 Donald Wallace Gordon (1932–2016), American gymnast and inventor


Terry W. Wilson (September 3, 1923 – March 30, 1999) was an American actor most noted for his role as "Bill Hawks", the assistant trail master, in all 267 episodes of the NBC and ABC western television series, Wagon Train, which aired from 1957 to 1965.

Life and career
Wilson appeared in more than thirty-five films and television programs between 1948 and 1981. Many of his early roles were uncredited. On July 2, 1953, he was cast as a stagecoach guard in episode 121, "Woman from Omaha", of The Lone Ranger. In 1956, he had another uncredited role as a robber in the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Cheyenne, the first television western in an hour-long format, starring Clint Walker.

Wilson was with Wagon Train for the entire run and worked with all the other stars on the program, including Ward Bond, Robert Horton, John McIntire, Robert Fuller, Frank McGrath, Denny Miller, and Michael Burns.

After Wagon Train, Wilson appeared in several other westerns, including ABC's short-lived Custer and Hondo in 1967, in Don Knotts' The Shakiest Gun in the West in 1968, the film Dirty Dingus Magee in 1970, in four episodes of NBC's The Virginian/The Men from Shiloh starring James Drury in 1970 and 1971, in the James Garner picture Support Your Local Gunfighter in 1971, once on CBS's Gunsmoke in 1972, twice in Richard Boone's Hec Ramsey in 1973 and 1974, and as Judge Lennon in the episode "Counterall" of Buddy Ebsen's CBS detective series, Barnaby Jones.

Wilson portrayed Biff Jenkins in the 1975 Walt Disney film Escape to Witch Mountain. His last acting role was as Norman Scroggs in a 1981 episode of CBS's The Dukes of Hazzard.

In his early years, Wilson was a stunt performer for John Wayne in such films as Sands of Iwo Jima in 1949 and Rio Grande in 1950, (see below for more). He was part of the John Ford stock troupe and appeared as an uncredited extra in numerous dance scenes. He often appeared with his friend and fellow stunt performer Frank McGrath. In 1957, Ward Bond specifically requested Wilson and McGrath to be regulars on Wagon Train. When Bond died, it was Wilson who broke the news to Bond's best friend, John Wayne. He said, "Hold on ... Ward just dropped dead".  It has been said that they both cried together on the phone.  Wilson, along with John Wayne, McGrath, Harry Carey, Jr. (Dobe), and Ken Curtis, later Festus Haggen on Gunsmoke, were Bond's pallbearers.

Along with McGrath, Wilson appears in a dance scene as a Texas Ranger and both are in the "wedding party" in the John Wayne/John Ford film The Searchers. In Hondo, Frank McGrath has a speaking part, and Wilson doubles for John Wayne in the knife fight with the Indian Silva.

Wilson and his wife are interred at Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park in Westlake Village in Los Angeles County. They had three children.

Filmography

References

External links

1923 births
1999 deaths
American male film actors
American male television actors
American stunt performers
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from California
People from Canoga Park, Los Angeles
People from Huntington Park, California
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Valley Oaks Memorial Park
Western (genre) television actors


Tava was a carbonated beverage fortified with vitamins and minerals, released by PepsiCo in the first half of 2008. It was marketed exclusively on the web.

Intended for health-conscious consumers, the beverage's nutrients included vitamins B3, B6 and E, and chromium. Tava contained no calories and no caffeine, and instead of being called a "soft drink" was promoted as a "sparkling beverage." The beverage debuted with three flavors: Tahitian Tamure (Tropical Berry Blend), Mediterranean Fiesta (Black Cherry Citrus), and Brazilian Samba (Passion Fruit Lime). Production ceased in early 2009 because it wasn't popular enough.

External links
Former official Tava website (link redirects to flash-based pepsi.com)

References

Diet drinks
PepsiCo soft drinks
Products introduced in 2008
Food and drink introduced in 2008


Tompkins Harrison Matteson was an American painter born in Peterboro, New York, in 1813. Matteson studied at the National Academy of Design and was inspired by the works of William Sidney Mount. Matteson's paintings are known for their historical, patriotic, and religious themes. One of his most famous paintings is Justice's Court in the Back Woods.

Tompkins ran a studio in New York City from 1841 to 1850. He died in Sherburne, New York, in 1884.

Gallery of works

Further reading
Tuckerman, Henry T. Book of the Artists: American Artist Life. New York: G. P. Putnam and Sons, 1867.

References

1813 births
1884 deaths
19th-century American painters
American male painters
Artists from New York (state)
People from Peterboro, New York
National Academy of Design alumni
19th-century American male artists


RPM was a Canadian magazine that published the best-performing singles of Canada from 1964 to 2000. In 1986, forty-one songs peaked at number one on the magazine's chart. Lionel Richie's "Say You, Say Me" was the first chart-topper of the year while Bruce Hornsby and the Range stayed at number one into 1987 with "The Way It Is". Only twelve musical acts had peaked at number one in Canada before this year: Lionel Richie, Corey Hart, Billy Ocean, Mr. Mister, Starship, Madonna, George Michael, Huey Lewis and the News, Cyndi Lauper, The Human League, and Elton John and Stevie Wonder (credited as "Friends" on "That's What Friends Are For").

Two Canadian acts—Corey Hart and Glass Tiger—reached number one during 1986, and four singers peaked atop the chart with multiple singles: Whitney Houston, Billy Ocean, Madonna, and Peter Cetera. Of these four, Madonna attained both the most number-one hits (three) and the highest total of weeks at number one (five). Cetera spent three weeks at number one while Houston and Ocean each topped the chart for two weeks. The best-performing record of the year was "The Power of Love" by American singer Jennifer Rush, which topped the listing on the issues of 29 April and 3 May. Besides Houston, Ocean, and Rush, the other acts that peaked atop the magazine's chart for more than one week were Lionel Richie, Mr. Mister, Glass Tiger, Patti LaBelle, Michael McDonald, Peter Gabriel, Timex Social Club, and Chris de Burgh.

Chart history

Notes

See also
1986 in music
List of number-one albums of 1986 (Canada)
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1986
List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1986

References

External links
 Read about RPM Magazine at the AV Trust
 Search RPM charts here at Library and Archives Canada

1986 record charts
1986


NBC Sports Bay Area (sometimes abbreviated as NBCS Bay Area) is an American regional sports network owned as a joint venture between NBCUniversal and the San Francisco Giants, and operates as an affiliate of NBC Sports Regional Networks. Headquartered in San Francisco, the channel broadcasts regional coverage of professional sports events throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. NBCS Bay Area's sister channel is NBC Sports California. The president of the network is Ted Griggs.

History

Pacific Sports Network
The Pacific Sports Network was launched in September 1989 as a joint-venture of TCI and Viacom. It initially held rights to the Golden State Warriors and various college sporting events, including those from Pac 10 conference through its associate with Prime Network. The network was available as a basic cable service.

SportsChannel Bay Area
SportsChannel Bay Area was an owned-and-operated outlet of SportsChannel that launched on April 2, 1990, under the ownership of Rainbow Media, the broadcasting subsidiary of Cablevision Systems Corporation. The new network was formed when both the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants reached an agreement with SportsChannel to televise their games. The Athletics' contract included 50 games and while the Giants' had 55 games, an increase of 20 games from the team's previous pay-per-view service GiantsVision. Both teams had also been in negotiations with the Pacific Sports Network, but didn't want their games shown on basic cable.  At launch, SportsChannel Bay Area was offered as a premium channel in-market and as a basic cable service in the outer market which included southern Oregon, Nevada, Hawaii, and Arizona. Other programming included SportsChannel's national programming which featured its NHL package. Additionally, SportsChannel Bay Area televised local college and high school sports, including the University of San Francisco, San Jose State, and California and Stanford games that were not part of Prime's PAC 10 package.

Merger of two networks and new partnership
The two networks merged on July 12, 1991, to become SportsChannel Pacific. The combined network operated as a premium service until June 1, 1997 when it moved to basic cable. In 1991, SportsChannel Pacific picked up rights to the new San Jose Sharks NHL team with a 10 game agreement.

On June 30, 1997, News Corporation and Liberty Media – which formed Fox Sports Net the year prior through News Corporation's partial acquisition of the Liberty-owned Prime Network group of regional sports networks – purchased a 40% interest in Cablevision's sports properties including the SportsChannel networks (as well as Madison Square Garden and its NBA and NHL team tenants, the New York Knicks and New York Rangers); the three companies formed the venture National Sports Partners to run the owned-and-operated regional networks. The channel was rebranded as Fox Sports Bay Area on January 28, 1998, at which time most of the SportsChannel networks (with the exception of SportsChannel Florida, which did not join the network until 2000) underwent a near-groupwide rebranding as part of their integration into the Fox Sports Net family. Prior to the Cablevision decision to affiliate with Fox Sports, some FSN programming had been airing on BayTV, a local cable channel operated by KRON-TV and Liberty Media's sister company TCI; the deal which was signed in March 1997 was to last three years. Fox Sports News continued airing on BayTV until March 31, 1998, when it was moved to Fox Sports Bay Area. However, most of FSN's Pac-10 telecasts also remained on BayTV until the affiliation agreement expired in January 2000. Fox Sports Bay Area aired only a limited number of games featuring local and state teams (usually when there was a scheduling conflict). This led to viewers complaints since the better games were often on BayTV which had limited distribution.

The channel was then rebranded as Fox Sports Net Bay Area in 2000, as part of a collective brand modification of the FSN networks under the "Fox Sports Net" banner; subsequently in 2004, the channel shortened its name to FSN Bay Area, through the networks' de-emphasis of the brand.

Comcast ownership

On April 30, 2007, Comcast purchased a 60% interest in FSN Bay Area, along with a 50% stake in FSN New England, from Rainbow Media for $570 million. Then on December 10, the San Francisco Giants acquired a 30% stake in FSN Bay Area, with News Corporation becoming a minority partner in the network. As a result of Comcast becoming the majority interest holder, the network (after the sale was finalized in February 2008) was integrated into the company's own regional sports network group Comcast SportsNet, rebranding as Comcast SportsNet Bay Area on March 31, 2008. CSN Bay Area became the first Comcast SportsNet-branded network to use a logo style (utilizing Comcast's then-universal corporate logo), based on the logo for SportsNet New York, that was later adopted by all the other CSN regional networks on October 1, 2008. Shortly after the rebranding in April 2008, Fox agreed to sell its interest in CSN Bay Area to Comcast.

Following Comcast's purchase of majority control of NBCUniversal, which already owned NBC owned-and-operated station KNTV (channel 11) and Telemundo O&O KSTS (channel 48), on April 19, 2011, the network announced plans to build an additional set specifically for use on sports segments seen on KNTV's newscasts. The revamp would also include in-depth interviews in addition to providing scores and highlights, and utilize CSN Bay Area's sports anchors and analysts.

On March 22, 2017, Comcast announced that CSN Bay Area would be rebranded NBC Sports Bay Area on April 2, 2017, in a move meant to "better associate the prestigious NBC Sports legacy with the strength of our Comcast Sports Networks' local sports coverage in Northern California."

Programming
NBC Sports Bay Area holds the regional cable television rights to the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball and the NBA's Golden State Warriors. The network also airs athletic events from San Jose State University and the university's show The Charge.

The channel also broadcasts college sports sanctioned by the West Coast Conference. Select high school sports events are also occasionally broadcast on the network.

Until 2004, the network also broadcast games involving the NBA's Sacramento Kings. Following the expiration of their contracts with the then-FSN Bay Area, the owners of the Kings partnered with Comcast to create CSN Bay Area's sister channel, Comcast SportsNet West (now NBC Sports California). CSN Bay Area was also home to the Oakland Athletics Major League Baseball franchise until the end of the 2008 season, when the team's games also moved to CSN California; similarly, CSN Bay Area was the home of the NHL's San Jose Sharks until the end of the 2008–09 NHL season when their games also moved to Comcast SportsNet California. CSN Bay Area also televised select California Golden Bears and Stanford Cardinal sports not on national television before the third-tier rights to their games moved to Pac-12 Network upon its launch in 2012.

Through its partial ownership by Fox, CSN Bay Area formerly carried programming distributed nationally for Fox Sports Networks affiliates, even after relinquishing controlling ownership of the network to Comcast and the Giants. This included access to a variety of college sports, notably Sunday telecasts of men's and women's basketball games from the Atlantic Coast Conference, Pac-12 basketball games on various nights, as well as Saturday telecasts of football games from the Pac-12 and Big 12 Conferences during their respective seasons. Most of that programming has shifted to Fox Sports' national sports network Fox Sports 1 or Fox College Sports, with Comcast SportsNet having dropped FSN-distributed programming in September 2012 after the two parties were unable to renew their program content agreement. This arrangement was formed to secure national coverage for its lineup of collegiate sports events. The channel also aired simulcasts of radio shows such as The Dan Patrick Show until those programs were inherited by NBC Sports Network.

Current and former notable staff members

 Rich Aurilia – Giants studio analyst
 Kelenna Azubuike – Warriors color analyst
 Jim Barnett - Warriors color analyst
 Vida Blue – Giants studio analyst
 Brodie Brazil – SportsNet Central anchor and reporter
 Laura Britt – Multi-platform host and reporter
 Dennis Brown – 49ers studio analyst
 Kerith Burke – Warriors sideline reporter
 Shawn Estes – Giants studio analyst
 Ahmed Fareed – SportsNet Central anchor and reporter
 Dave Feldman – SportsNet Central anchor and reporter
 Bob Fitzgerald – Warriors play-by-play announcer
 Amy Gutierrez – Giants sideline reporter
 Kelli Johnson – SportsNet Central anchor and reporter
 Jim Kozimor – SportsTalk Live anchor
 Mike Krukow – Giants color analyst
 Duane Kuiper – Giants play-by-play announcer
 Bill Laskey – Giants studio analyst
 Matt Maiocco – 49ers Insider
 Greg Papa – Warriors pre-game and post-game host, Giants pre-game and post-game host, and substitute play-by-play announcer
 Ray Ratto – NBC Sports Bay Area Senior Insider
 Garry St. Jean – Warriors studio analyst
 Randy Winn – Giants studio analyst
 Henry Wofford – Warriors reporter, host of Race Week, and SportsNet Central anchor and reporter
 Monte Poole - Warriors insider, founding member and co-host of “Race In America: A Candid Conversation.”

References

External links

Bay Area
SportsChannel
Prime Sports
Fox Sports Networks
Television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sports in San Francisco
Television channels and stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in California
Former Viacom subsidiaries


"Ängeln i rummet" (Swedish for "The Angel in the Room") is a single released by Swedish singer Eva Dahlgren from the 1989 album Fria Världen 1.989 released through BMG and Big Mama Music. Peaking at number four in 1989, it is her highest-charting song ever, tied with "Vem tänder stjärnorna?" in 1991.

The song won a Grammis for Song of the Year. Dahlgren also performs an English version of the song called "Angel in My Room". The song was covered in 2011 by Laleh, whose version reached number six in Sweden.

Charts

Laleh version

Swedish singer-songwriter Laleh, covered "Ängeln i rummet" as part of reality television series Så mycket bättre. Although not officially released as a single, the song was available digitally in Sweden as part of the weekly compilations that accompanied the series, on 6 November 2011, released by Universal Music Sweden in conjunction with TV4. It was later included on her extended play of all of the interpretations included on the show, titled Tolkningarna on 25 December 2011, released by Lost Army and Warner Music Sweden. Furthermore Tolkningarna was released as a bonus disc on the physical versions of Laleh's fourth studio album, Sjung, released on 25 January 2012.

As part of Så mycket bättre, artists have to create interpretations of the other competitors well-known songs on a weekly basis. The show broadcast on 5 November 2011 focused on Eva Dahlgren, who was also taking part in the series. Laleh reworked Dahlgren's slow intimate pop ballad and created a synth-driven upbeat indie pop song. This was the second week of the program, following the Tomas Ledin episode. At the time, Laleh's version of Just nu! was charting on the Sverigetopplistan at number fifty. "Ängeln i rummet" became a bigger hit, helped by extensive support by Sveriges Radio P3, and eventually peaked at number six in Sweden, Laleh's best chart placing in the country. The interpretation went on to become the season's most downloaded track, remaining in the top 40 for thirteen weeks.

Critical reception
Scandipop enjoyed the song's "pure and unaffected ability to induce a rousing bout of feel-good", although noted that it took them a while to be convinced by the song, along with her version of "Just nu". It was nominated for "Swedish Song of the Year" at the Gaygalan Awards.

Personnel
 Laleh Pourkarim – vocals, producer
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Stefan Olsson – guitar, synth, percussion
 Christian Walz – synth, backing vocals
 Christos Gontevas – backing vocals

Charts

References

Swedish pop songs
Laleh (singer) songs
2011 songs
Warner Music Group singles
Universal Music Group singles
Eva Dahlgren songs


Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye (1843–1909) was the founder of the Layene Sufi order. After the death of his mother he declared himself to be the Mahdi on May 24, 1884. This caused controversy with the French and many orthodox Muslims. His message emphasized cleanliness, prayer, alms, and social justice. He is the father of Seydina Issa Ruhullaye and the great-great-grandfather of Seydina, Habibo, and Kiya Laye.

See also
People claiming to be the Mahdi

External links
Layene official site

Senegalese religious leaders
1843 births
1909 deaths


Robert Eric Ricklefs (born June 6, 1943) is an American ornithologist and ecologist. He was the Curators' Professor of Biology at the University of Missouri, St. Louis from 1996 until August 2019.

Education
Born in 1943, he grew up near Monterey, California, where his interest in biology was fostered by a teacher. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science from Stanford University in 1963 and a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967. His doctoral advisor was originally Robert H. MacArthur (prior to his move to Princeton University), but he finished his dissertation under W. John Smith. During his PhD, he studied avian growth and development, which he continued for much of his career. He completed a year as a postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama before taking up a faculty position at the University of Pennsylvania. He was the 1982 recipient of the American Ornithologists' Union's William Brewster Memorial Award, the union's most prestigious award given annually for an exceptional body of work on birds of the Western Hemisphere. In 2003, he received the Pacific Seabird Group's Lifetime Achievement Award for his work on growth and development in seabirds. He was awarded the 2003 Margaret Morse Nice Medal by the Wilson Ornithological Society.  He was the 2006 recipient of the Cooper Ornithological Society’s Loye and Alden Miller Research Award, which is given in recognition of lifetime achievement in ornithological research.

Research
During his career, he has made major contributions to the island biogeography, including testing E. O. Wilson's Taxon Cycle Concept, His most-cited scientific paper examined ecological communities. Recent work has sought to rescale the concept of an ecological community. He has made major contributions to life-history theory of birds, avian growth and development, tropical ecology, and avian disease research. His original method for avian growth rate estimation continues to be used today though modifications have been proposed. His textbook Ecology, first published in 1973, continues to be updated and used in university courses. He has also published The Economy of Nature, Avian Growth and Development: Evolution Within the Altricial-precocial Spectrum and Aging, A Natural History.

Awards
 1982: William Brewster Memorial Award, American Ornithologists' Union
 2003: Lifetime Achievement Award, Pacific Seabird Group
 2003: Margaret Morse Nice Medal, Wilson Ornithological Society
 2005: Sewall Wright Award, American Society of Naturalists
 2006: Love and Alden Miller Research Award, Cooper Ornithological Society
 2009: Inducted member of the National Academy of Sciences April 28, 2009.
 2011: Alfred Wallace Award, The International Biogeography Society
 2015: Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology
 2017: Honorary Lifetime Membership Award, American Society of Naturalists
 2018: Honorary degree from the University of Chicago

Career
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 1968-1972
Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 1972-1978
Professor, Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 1978-1995
Curators’ Professor, Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1995-.

Personal life
Ricklefs is married to the botanist Susanne Renner.

References

American ornithologists
American ecologists
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1943 births
Winners of the Ramon Margalef Prize in Ecology
Fellows of the Ecological Society of America


Eriastrum densifolium is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name giant woollystar. This wildflower is native to California and Baja California where it grows in open areas such as sand dunes and dry washes. It grows on an erect stem with slightly hairy to densely woolly foliage, often giving the plant a dark gray-green color. The leaves are narrow and spike-shaped with pointed lobes. The top of each stem is occupied by a bunched inflorescence full of woolly leaflike bracts and funnel-shaped, flat-faced flowers. The flowers are each 1 to 3 centimeters long with a face up to three or four centimeters wide. The lobes are white to bright, striking blue, sometimes with longitudinal pinstripes. The stamens protrude from the throat.

There are two subspecies of this plant. The rarer, ssp. sanctorum (Santa Ana River woollystar), is endemic to the Santa Ana River drainage in San Bernardino County, California. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1987. A resident of higher floodplain habitat types, the plant was expected to suffer from the construction of the Seven Oaks Dam, which would alter the hydrology of the Santa Ana River waterways it depends on.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
The Nature Conservancy
Photo gallery
Photo gallery: ssp. sanctorum

densifolium
Flora of California
Flora of Baja California
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges


Alma Station was a base load coal power station in Alma, Wisconsin. The plant was built and operated by Dairyland Power Cooperative. Upon the completion of the plant's construction in 1947, it was the largest cooperatively owned power station in the world. Alma Station was decommissioned in 2014.

History
Alma Station was a Dairyland Power Cooperative power station completed in 1947 in the city of Alma, Wisconsin. Construction on Alma Station began in 1946. Initially planned as a $4.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) project, the cost exceeded $5 million by the time of the plant's dedication in 1947. Construction of the plant was funded by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), and a large amount of the land the plant would sit on was donated by the City of Alma. Built as a base load power station, the initial plant design had space for six coal-fired boilers. Two 15-megawatt (MW) boiler units were installed by the time the building was completed in October 1947, though the plant was supplying power before the facility was formally dedicated. Building the station led the City of Alma to construct additional housing and a new school for the families of the incoming workers.

An additional 15-MW unit was installed in 1951, and a 54-MW unit installed in 1957. Also in 1957, the Dairyland Power Cooperative received an $18.6 million (equivalent to $ million in ) loan from the REA to expand the station and increase the number of boilers, adding an 80-megawatt generation unit as part of the expansion. At the time, the loan was the largest ever issued by the REA. The new unit was put into service in January 1960. At its peak, the plant produced 214 MW of electricity.

In 1970, Wisconsin Attorney General Robert Warren sued the Dairyland Power Cooperative over the operation of Alma Station, saying the plant violated public nuisance laws due to air pollution from the burning coal and asked that pollution abatement equipment be installed at the plant. The Cooperative was dismissive of the claim, saying that Warren had picked their plant as a scapegoat to build interest in his reelection campaign and questioned why the only cooperatively owned power company in the state was chosen for the suit. Representatives for the Cooperative at the time said that a research study on pollution at the Alma plant was being finalized.

Alma Station began decommissioning its generation units in 2011, shelving its three oldest units that year. The plant ceased operations entirely in 2014. The plant's main building was demolished in 2017, and one of its two 700-foot tall smokestacks was demolished in 2018.

See also

List of power stations in Wisconsin

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1947
Energy infrastructure completed in 1951
Energy infrastructure completed in 1957
Energy infrastructure completed in 1960
Buildings and structures in Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Coal-fired power stations in Wisconsin


Bally Sports Arizona (BSAZ) was an American regional sports network (RSN). The channel broadcast professional, collegiate and high school sports events, with a primary focus on Phoenix-area teams. It was available on most cable providers throughout Arizona and available nationwide on satellite provider DirecTV.

The network was launched as Fox Sports Arizona on September 7, 1996, through a partnership between News Corporation and Liberty Media. It was the first regional sports network branded as Fox Sports after the creation of Fox Sports Net from what had been the Prime Network group of RSNs. Fox Sports Arizona was the cable television home of the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League when they began play that October and of the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball when that team began play in 1998. In addition, Fox Sports Arizona carried college sports as well as Arizona high school sports. The Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association moved their cable games to the network in 2003 after 22 years of association with Cox Communications and its predecessors and their RSN, the Arizona Sports and Programming Network (later renamed Cox Sports, Cox 9 and YurView Arizona).

On March 31, 2021, the network was rebranded Bally Sports Arizona after the network was purchased by Diamond Sports Group, a joint venture between the Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios. Diamond filed for bankruptcy protection in February 2023. The Arizona RSN lost money for Bally, which opted to drop all three professional teams. Under new Suns and Phoenix Mercury team owner Mat Ishbia, both the Suns and Mercury signed a deal to move their games to broadcast stations owned by Gray Television on April 20, 2023. While this deal was stayed by a bankruptcy judge for the Suns (the Mercury were unaffected by the judge's ruling), Bally ultimately cut ties with the Suns after failing to match Gray's offer on July 14. On July 18, Major League Baseball took over production and distribution of telecasts for the Diamondbacks after Diamond missed a second payment for the Diamondbacks during the 2023 season. On October 4, Bally Sports cut ties with the Coyotes; the team signed a deal with Scripps Sports a day later, ahead of the start of the 2023–24 season.

Bally Sports Arizona signed off for the final time on October 21, 2023. The last program to air on the channel was a boxing match at 11 P.M. PST. After the final program, a goodbye message was broadcast. Following the Bally Sports goodbye message DirectTV Viewers saw the message "Diamond Sports Group has shut down its Bally Sports Arizona channel for all satelite, cable, and streaming providers. Select Coyotes [NHL] games can be found locally using an over the air antenna, national broadcasts, and soon on a  team app. Select Suns [NBA] games can be found locally on KTVK CH 3, national broadcasts, and the Suns Live team app." With the guide saying "Important Information about Bally Sports Arizona".

Overview
On March 21, 1996, two new teams in the market, the expansion team the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball and the relocating original Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (to become known as the Arizona Coyotes) announced 10 year deals with Fox/Liberty Sports. The partnership between News Corporation and Liberty Media had been formed several months earlier. The name for the new network was to have been Prime Sports Arizona, but following the announcement to rebrand Liberty's Prime Sports Networks and form Fox Sports Net, the name was changed to Fox Sports Arizona (FSAZ). The network would be the first to use the new Fox Sports name.

Fox Sports Arizona was launched on September 7, 1996, with the first game on the network being Arizona State University's 45–42 win over its Pac-10 rival, Washington. The first Coyotes game was broadcast on October 18, and the Diamondbacks would join the network a year and a half later for their inaugural 1998 season. The network also televised high school football and basketball state championships. In 2003, Fox Sports Arizona acquired rights to the Phoenix Suns, which had been televised by Cox Communications on its sports network since 1981.

On December 14, 2017, as part of a merger between both companies, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to acquire all 22 regional Fox Sports networks from 21st Century Fox, including Fox Sports Arizona. However, on June 27, 2018, the Justice Department ordered their divestment under antitrust grounds, citing Disney's ownership of ESPN. On May 3, 2019, Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios (through their joint venture, Diamond Sports Group) bought the Fox Sports Networks from The Walt Disney Company for $10.6 billion. The deal closed on August 22, 2019. On March 31, 2021, coinciding with the start of the 2021 Major League Baseball season, Fox Sports Arizona was rebranded as Bally Sports Arizona, as part of a branding agreement with commercial casino operator Bally's Corporation.

On October 13, 2023, after losing the rights to Suns, Diamondbacks and Coyotes, Bally Sports Arizona posted on social media that it no longer held the rights to any local professional teams and would begin to wind down with the natural expiration of its carriage agreements.

Bankruptcy

On February 15, 2023, Diamond Sports Group, the owner of Bally Sports Arizona, failed to make a $140 million interest payment, instead opting for a 30-day grace period to make the payment. On March 14, 2023, Diamond Sports Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

During its bankruptcy, Diamond has missed a payment to the Arizona Diamondbacks. On April 5, 2023, the Diamondbacks filed an emergency motion asking the bankruptcy judge to order Diamond to pay the Diamondbacks fully or give its media rights back to Major League Baseball. Diamond argued that because of cord-cutting the contract rate for the media rights of the teams was too high. A hearing on the matter was set for May 31, 2023. As an interim, on April 19, the bankruptcy judge ordered Diamond Sports to pay 50% of what the Diamondbacks were owed. On June 1, 2023, after a two day long hearing, the bankruptcy judge ordered Diamond to pay the Diamondbacks fully within five days.

On April 28, 2023, the Phoenix Suns announced that it had signed an agreement with Gray Television to put its regional games on broadcast television, under a five-year agreement for the Suns and a two-year agreement for the Phoenix Mercury, replacing Bally Sports Arizona. Diamond subsequently accused the team of breaching its contract and bankruptcy law. On May 10, 2023, the bankruptcy judge voided the Suns contract with Gray, ruling that the Suns violated Bally Sports Arizona's contractual right of first refusal. He ordered the parties into arbitration. The Phoenix Mercury's deal was not affected. On July 14, the Suns announced that the Gray deal would go ahead, as Diamond Sports Group declined to match the contract.

On June 22, 2023, Diamond Sports announced its intention to reject Bally Sports Arizona's contract with the Diamondbacks on June 30, 2023. On July 18, 2023, Diamond was granted a motion to decline its contract with the team. Major League Baseball subsequently took over production and distribution of Diamondbacks telecasts (not unlike its takeover of a fellow Bally Sports property, the San Diego Padres, in May).

On October 4, 2023, Diamond Sports announced its intention to reject Bally Sports Arizona's contract with the Coyotes, with the Coyotes signing a new contract with Scripps Sports the next day. This move means that Bally Sports Arizona no longer has the broadcast rights to any professional sports teams.

On October 21, Bally Sports Arizona signed off for the last time, stating on-screen: “No Longer In Operation. Thank you for your loyal viewership over the years. Please check your local listings to access your favorite Arizona teams.” The shutdown of the network leaves the Phoenix metropolitan area without a regional sports network for the first time since 1996, and becomes, to date, the only large United States market without one. Bally Sports Arizona was one of two regional sports networks that shut down on the same day, the other being SportsNet Rocky Mountain, which, along with Bally Sports Arizona, were sister networks under the ownership of News Corporation's Fox Sports Net from 1996 until the latter was sold to Liberty Media in 2008.

Former rights
Bally Sports Arizona held the broadcast rights to three of the four major professional sports franchises in the Phoenix area, the Phoenix Suns of the NBA, the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball, and the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League.

Fox Sports Arizona formerly held the broadcast rights to select Arizona Wildcats sporting events from its inception until the spring of 2009; the University of Arizona shifted these event telecasts to the Arizona Wildcats Sports Network, beginning in August 2009, which were simulcast on FSA from 2010 until 2012, upon the launch of the Pac-12 Network and its dedicated "Pac-12 Arizona" subfeed network devoted to Arizona and Arizona State University sports.

Other services

Bally Sports Arizona Extra
Fox Sports Arizona launched an alternate feed, Fox Sports Arizona Plus, on April 25, 2008. Created as an overflow active only during instances in which a sporting event that Fox Sports Arizona holds rights to overlaps with another game being broadcast on the primary channel, it was established to resolve scheduling conflicts involving Game 3 of the first round matchup between the Phoenix Suns and San Antonio Spurs during the 2008 NBA Playoffs and a scheduled Arizona Diamondbacks regular season game on that date. It was available on most cable providers, and otherwise aired national Bally Sports content when not needed.

The Bally Sports Arizona Extra brand name was first in use on an additional overflow channel that was used for at least three Diamondbacks games.

In the Southern Arizona region only, including Tucson, Bally Sports Arizona Extra aired San Diego Padres games and related programming produced by its sister-network Bally Sports San Diego to select cable providers in that region until MLB took over that team’s broadcast rights.

Former on-air staff
 Steve Berthiaume – Diamondbacks play-by-play announcer
 Rich Waltz – Diamondbacks fill-in play-by-play announcer
 Greg Schulte – Diamondbacks fill-in play-by-play announcer
 Bob Brenly – Diamondbacks color commentator
 Luis Gonzalez – Diamondbacks backup color commentator
 Tom Candiotti – Diamondbacks backup color commentator
 Jody Jackson – Diamondbacks and Coyotes studio host and Diamondbacks field reporter
 Kate Longworth – Diamondbacks field reporter
 Todd Walsh – Diamondbacks and Coyotes studio host
 Joe Borowski – Diamondbacks studio analyst
 Brandon Webb – Diamondbacks studio analyst
 Kevin Ray – Suns play-by-play announcer
 Eddie Johnson – Suns color commentator
 Ann Meyers – Suns color commentator
 Tom Leander – Suns backup play-by-play and studio host
 Tom Chambers – Suns studio analyst
 Matt McConnell – Coyotes play-by-play announcer
 Tyson Nash – Coyotes color analyst
 Paul Bissonnette – Coyotes studio analyst

References

Bally Sports
Fox Sports Networks
Arizona Wildcats
Television channels and stations established in 1996
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023
1996 establishments in Arizona
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2023
2023 disestablishments in Arizona


Robinson's of Florida was a chain of department stores on Florida's Gulf Coast and Orlando and based in St. Petersburg, Florida, starting with a store at Tyrone Square Mall in 1972. It had been founded in the 1970s as an attempt by Associated Dry Goods to emulate its upscale J. W. Robinson's stores of Southern California on the fast-growing Florida Gulf Coast. This newly created division grew to 10 locations. Rather than investing in the then-stagnant Florida market, May sold this division in 1987 to Baton Rouge based Maison Blanche. Seven of the former Robinson’s of Florida locations were subsequently sold by Maison Blanche to Dillard's* in 1991 while one was replaced and the other two became Gayfers** (which in turn was bought out by Dillard's in 1998) a year later because of Mercantile Stores.

Former Robinson's of Florida Locations

References

Defunct department stores based in Florida

Companies based in St. Petersburg, Florida
1972 establishments in Florida
1987 disestablishments in Florida


Starting Now is the debut studio album by American country music artist Chuck Wicks. It was released on January 22, 2008. The album debuted at number 24 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 20,000 copies in its first week. Wicks co-wrote all but one of the songs.

"Stealing Cinderella", which was released as the album's lead single in September 2007, was a top 5 hit on the Hot Country Songs chart. The album produced two more top 40 hits with "All I Ever Wanted" and "Man of the House".

Track listing

Personnel
Bruce Bouton – steel guitar
Perry Coleman – background vocals
J. T. Corenflos – electric guitar
Chip Davis – background vocals
Dan Dugmore – steel guitar
Shannon Forrest – drums
Tony Harrell – keyboards
Dann Huff – electric guitar
Charles Judge – conductor, string arrangements, keyboards, Hammond organ, synthesizer strings
Troy Lancaster – electric guitar
Mitch Malloy – background vocals
Michael Mobley – background vocals
Nashville String Machine – string section
Steve Nathan – piano
Russ Pahl – steel guitar
Monty Powell – electric guitar, background vocals
Jason Sellers – background vocals
Russell Terrell – background vocals
Ilya Toshinsky – acoustic guitar, background vocals
Anna Wilson – background vocals
Glenn Worf – bass guitar
Jonathan Yudkin – fiddle, mandolin

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles

References

2008 debut albums
RCA Records albums
Chuck Wicks albums
Albums produced by Dann Huff