3's a Crowd was a folk rock band from Vancouver who existed from 1964 to 1969, spending most of that time in Toronto and Ottawa. The group had some Canadian chart success, but is particularly notable for the caliber of Canadian musicians who passed through its ranks and would later establish successful careers of their own, including Bruce Cockburn, Colleen Peterson, David Wiffen, Trevor Veitch, and Brent Titcomb. 3's a Crowd is also remembered for its association with Cass Elliott, who co-produced the group's only album.

History
3's a Crowd was formed in 1964, and was originally called the Bill Schwartz Quartet (though no one named Bill Schwartz was in the group). The group initially consisted of singer Donna Warner, Trevor Veitch (guitar) and Brent Titcomb (guitar, percussion, harmonica), who met when they were playing, in separate acts, at the 1964 Calgary Stampede. The three moved to Vancouver, where they became regulars at The Bunkhouse and decided to form a band.

In 1966, they moved to Toronto and sent a demo tape to Sid Dolgay, who had been a member of The Travellers but had formed his own management company, and he signed the trio. He sent them on the road, and they played clubs across Canada, sometimes accompanied by bassist Brian Ahern. Ahern was unavailable full-time so, in 1966, they added Ken Koblun, late of Neil Young & The Squires and Buffalo Springfield. Although he would reappear, Koblun did not last long; he was replaced by Neil Young's friend Comrie Smith.

As a result of their live performances, 3's a Crowd were named Top Folk Group at the 1966 RPM Awards (which, in 1970, would become the Juno Awards). 3's a Crowd would win the same award from RPM in 1967.

The award led to the band's being signed by Epic Records. Two singles were released: "Bound to Fly" and a cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "Steel Rail Blues". "Bound to Fly", which was also released in the UK, peaked at #34 on the Canadian RPM chart and was the group's biggest hit. The next two recordings with Epic were "Honey Machine" and "When The Sun Goes Down". 3's a Crowd has always injected humor into their performances (Titcomb had been a professional comedian), but they did not want to be seen as a comedy act, and that is how Epic wanted to market them. This was a sticking point that brought an end to the deal with Epic.

3's a Crowd had become a fixture at Le Hibou Coffee House in Ottawa, and there they were reunited with their friend from Vancouver, singer David Wiffen. Wiffen was in Ottawa playing with a folk band called The Children; when the band said they were looking for a drummer, he recommended Richard Patterson, who had been playing with The Children after his band, The Esquires, had broken up. The newly-expanded band first appeared on the TV show Take 30; that led to bookings at The Scene in New York, and the 1967 Mariposa Folk Festival.

In 1967, the band was spotted performing at Toronto's Riverboat coffee house by an entertainment co-ordinator for the Ontario Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal and they were hired to play there. Cass Elliot and Denny Doherty, of The Mamas & the Papas, were visiting Expo and Warner's boyfriend was asked to escort them. He took them to see the 3's a Crowd performance, and Elliot was so impressed, she contacted Jay Lasker, President of Dunhill Records. After hearing their demo tape, he brought the band to New York, where they recorded three songs at Bell Studios with producer Rick Shorter. They were then flown to Los Angeles to record an album; Patterson would say that Eliot quickly lost interest in the process and most of the work was done by Steve Barri (both are credited as producers). The album, Christopher's Movie Matinée, was released in May 1968.

When Wiffen and Patterson were playing with The Children in Ottawa, that band had included an aspiring musician and songwriter named Bruce Cockburn. When the former joined 3's a Crowd, they brought that music with them and, although Cockburn did not perform on the album, three of his songs are included ("The Way She Smiles", "Bird Without Wings" and "View From Pompous Head"). They did a slow, military rendition of "(Let's) Get Together" by Chet Powers. Murray McLauchlan also contributed his first recorded songwriting credit, "Coat Of Colors"; "Coat Of Colors" was issued as the b-side of "Bird Without Wings", which peaked at #61 on the RPM chart. Donna Warner was the primary singer, but Wiffen and Titcomb also sang lead.

The band had previously appeared on the CBC's The Juliette Show. In 1968, they performed on the CBC Television series Let's Go. Along with The Box Tops, they opened for The Beach Boys at their 1968 Ottawa concert. And the CBC gave them their own nationally-televised special, Our Kind Of Crowd. As their guests, they chose two relative unknowns, Richard Pryor and Joni Mitchell.

Koblun, citing exhaustion, now left the band for good. He was replaced on bass by Wayne Davis, whose band, Bobby Kris & The Imperials, had just broken up. The workload and touring had also taken their toll on Warner and, increasingly, Ottawa singer Colleen Peterson was filling in for her.

3's a Crowd again went on the road, touring Western Canada and Southern California, playing several dates at the Ash Grove in West Hollywood and the Ice House in Glendale, sometimes adding Jim and Jean as an opening act.
Back in Canada, the group played the entirety of their album with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra at Massey Hall. A related documentary about 1960s Canadian counterculture, Christopher's Movie Matinée, under the sponsorship of the National Film Board of Canada, was released in 1968; it includes some of the songs from the album.

Just as Christopher's Movie Matinee became available in stores, Warner's health had declined to the point where she had to leave the band. With her departure, Titcomb and Veitch weren't interested in continuing and they left as well. But the band's manager, Sid Dolgay, had obtained investment in the band from Toronto producers Harvey Glatt and Sydney Banks and the band needed to carry on. In early 1969, Wiffen and Patterson brought in bassist Dennis Pendrith and, from The Children, Bruce Cockburn, Colleen Peterson and Sandy Crawley. RCA Victor released a second single from the album, a cover of Dino Valenti's "Let's Get Together", backed by "I Don't Wanna Drive You Away"; the former peaked at #70 on the RPM charts.

The new line-up returned to the road, spending the summer of 1969 supporting The Turtles and Gary Puckett & The Union Gap on their Canadian dates. They recorded Cockburn's "Electrocution of The Word"; its video was showcased at the Youth Pavilion at Ottawa SuperEX (the Central Canada Exhibition). They also had to move to Montreal, where they became the house band on Sydney Banks' CBC Television show, One More Time, which was hosted by Gilbert Price. The series ended in early 1969. Crawley left to pursue an acting career. The remaining members performed a few US dates, then disbanded permanently at the end of 1969.

Post Break-Up
In 1973, Cockburn and Pendrith collaborated with Wiffen on his 1973 album Coast To Coast Fever. After that, Wiffen became a successful songwriter ("Driving Wheel"). Pendrith played with Tom Rush and Ian & Sylvia, became a busy session musician and then went to work for the CBC. Bruce Cockburn became an international mega-star.

Peterson joined the Canadian cast of Hair and then moved to Nashville and became a successful singer/songwriter before joining Sylvia Tyson's band Quartette; she died of cancer in 1996. Sandy Crawley became an actor and film composer. Brent Titcomb became a member of Anne Murray's touring band and she recorded several of his songs, including "Sing High, Sing Low" and "I Still Wish The Very Best For You".

Trevor Veitch moved to Los Angeles and became a successful session player, soundtrack composer, and songwriter ("Gloria" by Laura Brannigan). Ahern became a successful producer, with a long list of credits, including albums by Barbra Streisand, Bette Midler, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson and (his wife) Emmylou Harris.

Richard Patterson played with a variety of bands and was working on a 3's a Crowd compilation album, but he died in 2011 and it was not completed.

Donna Warner, Wayne Davis and Ken Koblun did not continue with professional music careers.

Comrie Smith's subsequent involvement as a professional musician does not appear to have been documented, although he was quoted extensively by Mojo magazine in an article about the release of Neil Young's Archives CD set; Smith, who died in 2009, was a life-long friend of Young's and had backed him on some of his early recordings. (Young's associations with the group create their own fascinating web, what with both Smith and Koblun playing with him in his early days, and Donna Warner having sung with him in Toronto.)

Singles
"Bound To Fly" / "Steel Rail Blues" (1966), Epic 5-10073
"Honey Machine" / "When The Sun Goes Down" (1967), Epic 5-10151
"Bird Without Wings" / "Coat of Colours" (1967), RCA Victor 4120
"Bird Without Wings" / "Coat of Colours" (1968), (USA) Dunhill D-4120
"Let's Get Together" / "I Don't Wanna Drive You Away" (1968), RCA Victor 4131
"Let's Get Together" / "I Don't Wanna Drive You Away" (1968), (USA) Dunhill D-4131
"Electrocution of The Word" (1968)

Albums
Christopher's Movie Matinee (1968), (Canada, Australia) RCA Victor DS-50030
Christopher's Movie Matinee (1968), (USA) Dunhill DS-50030)
Christopher's Movie Matinee (2012), Vintage Masters Inc.

Film
Christopher's Movie Matinee (1968), National Film Board of Canada

References

External links

 Profile of 3's a Crowd The Canadian Pop Encyclopedia; www.jam.canoe.ca.
 Entry at canadianbands.com
 Entry at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
 Detailed history of 3's a Crowd during period of Brent Titcomb association; www.brenttitcomb.com.

Canadian folk rock groups
Dunhill Records artists
Musical groups disestablished in 1969
Musical groups established in 1964
Musical groups from Vancouver


Mortal Kombat is a video game franchise originally developed and produced by Midway Games. The video games are a series of fighting games and several action-adventure games which debuted in North American arcades on October 8, 1992 with the release of Mortal Kombat, created by Ed Boon and John Tobias. Mortal Kombat titles have been released on numerous different video game consoles, handheld game consoles, and personal computer platforms and is considered one of the best-selling video game franchises of all time with over 26 million games sold. The games have appeared on every major video game console produced since its debut including every console created by Sony and Microsoft, every console produced by Sega since the Sega Genesis (as well as the Master System in Europe and South America), and every console produced by Nintendo, bar the Wii U, since the Super NES. Turbo Technologies Inc. (TTI) was offered exclusive rights to Mortal Kombat but NEC turned it down.

Since their release, many of the video games have been re-released on multiple platforms or included as part of compilation packages. The characters have also made cameo appearances in several other games. The video game series includes 24 differently named games, eleven of which are original fighting games, three of which are action-adventure games, and ten others which are re-releases, upgrades and ports. Along with the video game series three feature films, an animated and live-action television series, two books, and several comic books have been produced for the franchise. The first feature film was considered a major success and grossed roughly $70 million in the United States, and an estimated $122 million worldwide.

Video games

Main series

Spin-offs

Updated versions

Compilations and bundles

Films and television

Printed media

Novels

Comics

Music

Collectible card games

References

Mortal Kombat
Mortal Kombat
Mortal Kombat


McGee v. International Life Insurance Co., 355 U.S. 220 (1957), was a case following in the line of decisions interpreting International Shoe v. Washington.  The Court declared that California did not violate the due process clause by entering a judgment upon a Texas insurance company who was engaged in a dispute over a policy it maintained with a California resident.  The importance of this finding is highlighted by the facts of the case; mainly that International Life Insurance did no other business within the state of California besides maintaining this single policy, which the company became responsible for by its acquisition of another insurance company which previously had held the policy. However; the case never explicitly stated that no other business was conducted within California and the previous assumption is presumptive by definition.

Facts
The plaintiff, Lulu McGee, was the mother of Lowell Franklin. He purchased a life insurance policy from Arizona-based Empire Mutual Insurance Company that named McGee as the beneficiary. In 1948, International Life Insurance Co. ("International"), a Texas corporation, agreed to assume Empire's insurance obligations. International mailed a reinsurance certificate to the California policy holder, offering to insure Lowell according to the terms of the Empire policy. Lowell accepted the offer and paid premiums from California until his death in 1950. When Lowell's mother tried to collect on the policy, the insurance company refused to pay, claiming Lowell had committed suicide. International conducted no business in California aside from this policy.

Procedural history
McGee sued International in a California court. She was able to do so because California had enacted a long-arm statute which enabled the state courts to have jurisdiction over out of state insurance companies who held policies with in-state residents. The California court entered a judgment in favor of McGee. Because International had no property within the state of California, and therefore nothing which California could seize through judicial decree, that state's courts were powerless to enforce any judgment against the company.

McGee then attempted to have her California judgment enforced by a Texas court through the use of the full faith and credit clause of the United States Constitution. The Texas courts refused to give California full faith and credit on its judgment, claiming that the California court overreached its constitutional authority by holding jurisdiction over International. Texas' main point of contention was the fact that California had not issued service of process to International within its own borders, a theory which had, until recent case law, been correct.

McGee filed a petition for certiorari and it was granted by the Warren Court.

Main questions for the court
The relevant question for the court was whether the Due Process Clause precluded the California court from entering a binding judgment on International.

Holding and reasoning
The Court held that California did not violate the due process clause by entering a judgment on the Texas corporation.

The court relied on the fact that the suit was based on "substantial connection[s]" with California, particularly the facts that the contract was delivered to McGee's son while he was a resident of California, International continued to maintain a financial relationship with McGee's son by collecting his premium payments, and that the policy holder was a resident of the state when he died.

The court also gave weight to California's interest in protecting its residents as consumers of insurance policies, and validated the long-arm statute which gave the California courts their power of jurisdiction over out of state companies by declaring that California had a "manifest interest in providing effective means of redress for its residents ..."

Significance
The Court continued its trend towards a greater expansion of personal jurisdiction that falls within the Constitutional limits of due process. This decision reflected a growing and increasingly more sophisticated economy, in which more commercial transactions were taking place across state lines.

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 355

Notes

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
1957 in United States case law
Life insurance
United States due process case law
Suicides in the United States
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court


Ronald Howell (December 4, 1935 – March 16, 1992) was a Canadian football and hockey player. He played in the Canadian Football League from 1954 to 1962, and the National Hockey League from 1954 to 1956.

Career
Howell was a running back for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League from 1954–1962. He won the CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award in 1958 and the Gruen Trophy as the outstanding rookie in the CFL East in 1954. He also played four games in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers.

Personal life
Howell is the brother of Hockey Hall of Famer Harry Howell.

Career ice hockey statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1935 births
1992 deaths
BC Lions players
Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Canadian Award winners
Canadian Football League Rookie of the Year Award winners
Canadian football running backs
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Ice hockey people from Hamilton, Ontario
Long Island Ducks (ice hockey) players
Montreal Alouettes players
New York Rangers players
Ontario Hockey Association Senior A League (1890–1979) players
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Rochester Americans players
Toronto Argonauts players
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) players


The nasal foramina are foramina which run through the nasal bones.

References

External links
 http://zemlin.shs.uiuc.edu/Skull/slide-Pages/27.htm

Foramina of the skull


Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co., 113 U.S. 157 (1885), was a patent case to determine validity of patent No. 58,294, granted to George W. Richardson September 25, 1866, for an improvement in steam safety valves.

Technical background
Richardson was the first person who made a safety valve which, while it automatically relieved the pressure of steam in the boiler, did not, in effecting that result, reduce the pressure to such an extent as to make the use of the relieving apparatus practically impossible because of the expenditure of time and fuel necessary to bring up the steam again to the proper working standard.

His valve was the first which had the strictured orifice to retard the escape of the steam and enable the valve to open with increasing power against the spring and close suddenly, with small loss of pressure in the boiler.

Ruling
The direction given in the patent that the flange or lip is to be separated from the valve seat by about one sixty-fourth of an inch for an ordinary spring, with less space for a strong spring and more space for a weak spring, to regulate the escape of steam as required, is a sufficient description as matter of law, and it is not shown to be insufficient as a matter of fact.

Letters patent No. 85,963, granted to said Richardson January 19, 1869, for an improvement in safety valves for steam boilers or generators, are valid.

The patents of Richardson were infringed by a valve which produces the same effects in operation by the means described in Richardson's claims, although the valve proper is an annulus and the extended surface is a disc inside of the annulus, the Richardson valve proper being a disc and the extended surface an annulus surrounding the disc, and although the valve proper has two ground joints, and only the steam which passes through one of them goes through the stricture, while, in the Richardson valve, all the steam which passes into the air goes through the stricture, and although the huddling chamber is at the center instead of the circumference, and is in the seat of the valve, under the head, instead of in the head, and the stricture is at the circumference of the seat of the valve instead of being at the circumference of the head.

The fact that the prior patented valves were not used and the speedy and extensive adoption of Richardson's valve support the conclusion as to the novelty of the latter.

Suits in equity having been begun in 1879 for the infringement of the two patents, and the circuit court having dismissed the bills, this Court in reversing the decrees after the first patent had expired but not the second, awarded accounts of profits and damages as to both patents, and a perpetual injunction as to the second patent.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
Steam power
1885 in United States case law
United States patent case law
Safety valves


Raymond C. Stebbins (born c. 1944) is an American attorney and political activist and a member of the Democratic Party. He is best known as the winner of the Democratic New Hampshire Vice Presidential primary in 2008.

A 64-year-old resident (as of February 2008) of Weymouth, Massachusetts, he is a retired corporate attorney. He has never held public office, but is frequently involved in political campaigns.

The Vice Presidential primary is a very low key event and usually no prominent candidate participates. The Vice Presidential primary also has no impact on the nomination process. Some past vice presidential nominees, however, have won as write-ins (for example, Estes Kefauver, Al Gore, and John Edwards).

Stebbins won the primary with 46.93% of the vote. During his campaign, his bumper stickers included the phrases "Vote for Ray Stebbins, Vice President", "easy to remove" and "so you wouldn’t have it on there for years."

Stebbins cited Harry Truman as his political hero and favorite Vice President.

Electoral history
Note: * means write-in candidates

2008 New Hampshire Democratic Vice Presidential primary.
 Raymond Stebbins - 50,485 (46.93%)
 William Bryk - 22,965 (21.35%)
 John Edwards* - 10,553 (9.81%)
 Barack Obama*  6,402 (5.95%)
 Bill Richardson* - 5,525 (5.14%)
 Hillary Clinton* - 3,419 (3.18%)
 Joe Biden* - 1,512 (1.41%)
 Al Gore* - 966 (0.90%)
 Dennis Kucinich* - 762 (0.71%)
 Bill Clinton* - 388 (0.36%)
 John McCain* - 293 (0.27%)
 Christopher Dodd* - 224 (0.21%)
 Ron Paul* - 176 (0.16%)
 Jack Barnes, Jr.* - 95 (0.09%)
 Mike Gravel* - 91 (0.09%)
 Joe Lieberman* - 67 (0.06%)
 Mitt Romney* - 66 (0.06%)
 Mike Huckabee* - 63 (0.06%)
 Rudy Giuliani* - 46 (0.04%)
 Darrel Hunter* - 20 (0.02%)

References

External links
 OurCampaign profile

2008 United States vice-presidential candidates
21st-century American politicians
Massachusetts Democrats
1940s births
Living people
Massachusetts lawyers


"You Open My Eyes" is a song by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. It was released in January 1994 as the second single from the group's sixth studio album, Crank. The song peaked at number 43 on the ARIA Charts. This was the first Hoodoo Gurus single that was not written or co-written by Dave Faulkner.

In June 2000, Dave Faulkner said "...[I] found Brad taking over lead vocal duties on a Hoodoo Gurus single. Though Brad had sung on every album since Mars Needs Guitars! this was the first time that people started crying out, 'It's a hit!'".

Track listing
 CD single (74321184962)
 "You Open My Eyes" — 3:20
 "Something I Forgot to Say" — 2:57
 "Television Addict" — 3:25  (recorded live to air in Perth on 31 October 1993)

Personnel
 Richard Grossman — bass
 Dave Faulkner — lead vocals, guitar, keyboards
 Mark Kingsmill — drums
 Brad Shepherd — guitar, vocals
 Vicki Peterson (The Bangles) — backing vocals (track 1)
 Producer — Ed Stasium (track 1), Hoodoo Gurus (tracks 2, 3)
 Engineer — Paul Hamingson (track 1)

Charts

References

1994 singles
Hoodoo Gurus songs
1994 songs
Bertelsmann Music Group singles
Songs written by Brad Shepherd


DeRodrick "Keyon" Nash (born March 11, 1979) is an American football safety who was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Albany State.

He has also been a member of the Rhein Fire and Toronto Argonauts.

Early years
Nash attended Miller County High School in Colquitt, Georgia.

Professional career

Oakland Raiders
Nash was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the sixth round (189th overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft.

Toronto Argonauts
Nash signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League on April 26, 2007, but was released on June 19, 2007.

References

1979 births
Living people
People from Colquitt, Georgia
American football safeties
Albany State Golden Rams football players
Oakland Raiders players
Rhein Fire players
Toronto Argonauts players
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)


The two sternocleidomastoid branches of the occipital artery (sternocleidomastoid artery) arise directly from the occipital artery and are the initial two branches of this artery. Uncommonly, the lower sternocleidomastoid branch can branch directly from the external carotid.

The lower sternocleidomastoid branch passes infero-external to the hypoglossal nerve before descending into the substance of the muscle to which its name is derived. The upper sternocleidomastoid branch diverts from the main trunk at the deep border of the proximal end of the posterior digastric muscle belly, coursing with the spinal accessory nerve prior to arborising into the sternocleidomastoid.

References

Arteries of the head and neck


Sternocleidomastoid artery can refer to:
 Sternocleidomastoid branches of occipital artery
 Sternocleidomastoid branch of superior thyroid artery


The Nokia 5610 is a slider mobile phone from Nokia part of the XpressMusic series. Introduced August 2007 and launched in December, it runs on the Series 40 platform. The 5610's design is similar to that of the Nokia 5310 XpressMusic (announced same day), with aluminium brushed sides and bold side colours of either red, blue, white, or pink. Above the regular D-pad with music buttons, the 5610 features a "sliding switch" below the display for navigation. The phone is shown on Panic! at the Disco "That Green Gentleman (Things Have Changed)" music video.

LCD screen issues
This phone has a known LCD screen defect that causes the screen to cease functioning. T-Mobile was aware of this and only temporarily halted sales before putting the phone back on the market, regardless of the problem never being fixed. Upon further investigation, it appears as though the connector to the LCD becomes worn down and the protective layer breaks due to friction from operation of the slider.

See also
Nokia N81
Sony Ericsson W910
Sony Ericsson W760
Sony Ericsson W595
Samsung J610
LG Shine

External links
 Nokia 5610 Device Details
 Nokia 5610 on Nokia Europe
 Nokia 5610 review on GSM Arena

References

5610
Mobile phones introduced in 2007
Slider phones


Andrew George Haddad (born August 15, 1978) is a former National Football League (NFL) wide receiver, who played for the Indianapolis Colts and the Buffalo Bills.  He finished his career with the San Diego Chargers.  He was drafted with the 25th pick of the 7th round in the 2000 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills.

Early life and amateur career
Haddad was born in Ohio to George P. and Joyce A. Haddad.

He played high school football at Saint Ignatius High School in Cleveland where he was teammates with Dan O'Leary and Chris Hovan. He graduated in 1996. Haddad was a wide receiver and kick returner at Ignatius and helped lead the team to three Ohio high school football championships and two High School Football National Championships; the team only lost one game in his three years playing on the varsity team. He also earned two varsity letters in basketball and track and field. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2019.

Several college football programs including Miami University, Bowling Green, Villanova and Youngstown State recruited Haddad to play defensive back because they felt that he did not have the skills necessary to be a receiver. He instead accepted a scholarship offer from the University at Buffalo. As a freshman at Buffalo, Haddad played in every game for the Bulls. As a sophomore, he set a school record with 67 catches and tied that record the following year. As a senior, he again set a record for receptions in a single season. In addition to that record, he ended his time at Buffalo as the all-time school leader in total receptions, total receiving yards, total all-purpose yards, total punt return yards and single-season receiving yards. In the fall of 2007 he was inducted into the University at Buffalo's Athletic Hall of Fame.

Professional career
The Buffalo Bills selected Haddad in the seventh round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He signed with the Bills on or about July 17, 2000.

Haddad's single career reception and both of his career kick returns came in the same game. During a November 3, 2002 game with the Indianapolis Colts, Haddad muffed a kickoff by Joe Nedney of the Tennessee Titans. In the following quarter, he returned a Nedney kick for 14 yards before being tackled by Tony Beckham. On the ensuing drive, he caught a pass from Peyton Manning for 11 yards and was tackled by Donald Mitchell. He also fair caught a punt from Craig Hentrich on the eight-yard line to begin Indianapolis' final possession of the game.

In 2004, Haddad played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe. He led the team with 28 receptions and 455 receiving yards. That June, the Buffalo Bills signed Haddad as a free agent.

On October 24, 2004, Haddad saw playing time in the second and final game in his NFL career. He appeared in that day's game for the Buffalo Bills against the Baltimore Ravens but did not accumulate any stats. The Bills released Haddad on September 3, 2005.

On December 20, 2005, Haddad signed with the San Diego Chargers.

Personal life
Haddad married Colleen E. O'Neil in March 2002 in Buffalo and had their wedding reception at UB's Center for the Arts. Haddad met Colleen while she was a student at Buffalo State College and her father, Ed O'Neil, was coaching at Buffalo.

Haddad's father-in-law, Ed O'Neil, was picked by the Detroit Lions in the first round of the 1974 NFL draft. His brother-in-law, Keith O'Neil also played in the NFL. Keith later wrote that he looked up to Haddad when he, like Haddad, was a high school football player struggling to attract the attention of college football recruiters.

His brother, Eric, played fullback at Purdue.

References

1978 births
Living people
People from Westlake, Ohio
Players of American football from Cuyahoga County, Ohio
American football wide receivers
Buffalo Bulls football players
Indianapolis Colts players
Buffalo Bills players
San Diego Chargers players
Frankfurt Galaxy players
Saint Ignatius High School (Cleveland) alumni
Catholics from Ohio


Oliver Stritzel (born 9 March 1957) is a German actor who specializes in dubbing.

Roles

Acting roles
Das Boot (1981) – Schwalle
 (1982) – Krause
Bolero (1983)
Moving Targets (1984) – Zorro
Tango im Bauch (1985) – Sepp
Schleuse 17 (1985)
Das Mädchen mit den Feuerzeugen (1987) – Gast in Kneipe
Beule (1988) – Fred Frenzel
Race for Glory (1989) – Klaus Kroetter
Blutspur in den Osten (1995) – Hunzinger
Lea (1996) – Doctor
Unser fremdes Kind (1998) – Horst Schneider
Vortex (2001) – Richter-Stimme (voice)
 (2002, TV film) – Detta
Downfall (2004) – Johannes Hentschel
 (2005) – Polizist Voight
 (2007) – Eugen Goldschmidt
Wechselspiel (2013) – Joseph Hauswaldt

Television animation
Hellsing (Alexander Anderson (Nachi Nozawa))

OVA
Final Fantasy VII Advent Children (Rude (Taiten Kusunoki))

Theatrical animation
A Bug's Life (Dim (Brad Garrett))
Hercules (Nessus the Centaur (Jim Cummings))
Home on the Range (Rico (Charles Dennis))
Ice Age: The Meltdown (The Lone Gunslinger (Will Arnett))
Kung Fu Panda 3 (Kai (J.K. Simmons))
The Little Mermaid (Flotsam and Jetsam (Paddi Edwards))
Mulan (Shan Yu (Miguel Ferrer))
Steamboy (Technician)
Treasure Planet (Scroop (Michael Wincott))
Tayo the Little Bus (Poco (Kevin Aichelle))
Wreck-It Ralph (General Hologram (Dennis Haysbert))
Zootopia (Chief Bogo (Idris Elba))

Live action dubbing
Flawless (Rusty Zimmerman (Philip Seymour Hoffman))
Flubber (Smith (Clancy Brown))
Lost (Kelvin Joe Inman (Clancy Brown))
Magnolia (Phil Parma (Philip Seymour Hoffman))
Punch-Drunk Love (Dean Trumbell (Philip Seymour Hoffman))
Spawn (Spawn (Michael Jai White))
Street Fighter (M. Bison (Raúl Juliá))
The Talented Mr. Ripley (Freddie Miles (Philip Seymour Hoffman))
V for Vendetta (V (Hugo Weaving))

Voice filmography
 1994: Asterix Conquers America as Fulliautomatix (uncredited) (German Dub)

External links

German Dubbing Card Index

1957 births
Living people
German male voice actors
Male actors from Berlin


Natalie Kononenko is a professor of folklore currently with the University of Alberta. Kononenko is a major contributor to the study of Ukrainian Blind Minstrels as well as in the area of witchcraft in Slavic cultures.  She currently holds the Peter and Doris Kule Chair of Ukrainian Ethnography and is the head of the Slavic and East European section of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies.  She attended Radcliffe College and Harvard University.

Publications

Books
 Kononenko, N. (1990) The Turkish Minstrel Tale Tradition. Garland Publishing Inc.
 Kononenko, N. (1997) Ukrainian Minstrels: And the Blind Shall Sing. M.E. Sharpe.
 Suwyn, B. (1997) The Magic Egg and Other Tales from Ukraine. Edited and with an introduction by N. Kononenko. Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
 Kononenko, N. (2007) Slavic Folklore: A Handbook. Greenwood Press.
 Holloway, P., & Kukharenko, S. (2012). The Paths of Folklore: Essays in Honor of Natalie Kononeko.
 Kononenko, N. (2019). Ukrainian Epic and Historical Song: Folklore in Context. University of Toronto Press.
 Kononenko, N. (2023). Ukrainian Ritual on the Prairies: Growing a Ukrainian Canadian Identity.

Journals and Periodicals

 Natalie Kononenko; The Politics of innocence: Soviet and Post-Soviet Animation on Folklore topics. Journal of American Folklore 1 October 2011; 124 (494): 272–294. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerfolk.124.494.0272

See also
 Blind musicians
 Bandurist
 Duma (epic)
 Ukrainian fairy tale
 History of Ukrainian Animation

References

External links
 Natalie Kononenko: Instructor Page at University of Alberta
 List of papers on Academia: https://ualberta.academia.edu/NatalieKononenko
 Folklore Ukraine: https://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/folkloreukraine/

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
Radcliffe College alumni


Blue-backed fish (背の青い魚 se no aoi sakana);
also referred to as
Blue-fish (青魚 aozakana)
is a category of fish used in Japanese cuisine that have a rich and fatty taste, and are distinguished from another category of white meat fish that tend to have a lighter and more delicate flavor.  It is not a scientific categorization, but refers to commonness in outer appearance, fleshiness and oiliness and include such species of fish as sardine, mackerel, herring, perch and anchovy.  Blue-backed fish tend to be high in the essential amino acid, histidine, as well as the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and are generally said to have health benefits when included in a balanced diet, including such effects as reducing cholesterol.

Almost without exception, blue-backed fish are salt water fish that travel in schools close to the surface of the water, have wide migratory patterns and are relatively low on the food chain so feed on plankton, etc.  Their appearance, as is indicated by their name, is a dark blue dorsal with a nearly white under belly.  Further, blue-fish are generally fairly small in size and caught in large quantities resulting in low market price, so are thought of as mass-market fish for general consumption and are distinguished from larger, specialty fish caught in smaller quantities, even if they share other qualities.

Examples
Blue-backed fish include:

Clupeiformes: the order of ray-finned fish that includes Clupeidae (the herring family) and Engraulidae (the anchovy family)
Beloniformes: the order of ray-finned fish that includes Adrianichthyidae (ricefish and medakas); Belonidae (needlefish); Exocoetidae (flyingfishes); Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks): and the Scomberesocidae (sauries).
Perciformes: the perch-like order of ray-finned fish comprising over 7000 different species.

References

Japanese cuisine


Fhtagn nagh Yog-Sothoth is the only demo album made by the funeral doom pioneers Thergothon. It originally was released in November 1991. It was reissued in 1992 by Wild Rags Records and in 1999 by Eibon Records. The demo was reissued again by Eibon in late 2005 or early 2006. This demo was released on Vinyl in 2006 by Painiac Records, with new artwork and a bonus track titled "Dancing in the Realm of Shades" from an unreleased rehearsal.

The American funeral doom band Evoken take their name from the second track of this demo.

Track listing

 "Elemental" – 7:51
 "Evoken" – 7:21
 "Yet the Watchers Guard" – 7:58
 "The Twilight Fade" – 1:59
 "Dancing in the Realm of Shades" (bonus track for 2006 release)

References

Demo albums
1991 albums
Thergothon albums
Cthulhu Mythos music


David Fraser may refer to:

 David Fraser (bowls) (1878–?), Scottish lawn bowler
 David Kennedy Fraser (1888–1962), Scottish psychologist, educator and amateur mathematician
 David Fraser (British Army officer) (1920–2012), British general and author
 David W. Fraser (born 1944), Swarthmore College president, epidemiologist and nonprofit leader
 David Fraser (military officer) (fl. 1980–2011), Canadian general
 David B. Fraser (fl. 2015), screenwriter and winner of the 2015 Canadian Screen Awards for The Captive


Penguin Islet is a small island nature reserve with an area of 3.46 ha in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Hunter Island Group which lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island. It is notable as the only pelican colony in western Bass Strait.

Fauna
The island forms part of the Hunter Island Group Important Bird Area.  Breeding seabirds and shorebirds include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, fairy prion, common diving-petrel, white-faced storm-petrel, Pacific gull, silver gull, sooty oystercatcher, black-faced cormorant, Australian pelican and Caspian tern.

References

See also
 Penguin Island (Tasmania)
 Tasmania's offshore islands

 Islands of North West Tasmania
 Protected areas of Tasmania
Bass Strait
 Important Bird Areas of Tasmania


The Xiangjiaba Dam () is a large gravity dam on the Jinsha River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province and Sichuan Province in southwest China. The facility has eleven Francis turbines, four with a capacity of 812 MW and four rated at  and three with 450 MW, totalling an installed capacity of . Xiangjiaba Dam is China's fourth-biggest hydropower station following Three Gorges Dam, Baihetan Dam and Xiluodu Dam.
Construction started on November 26, 2006, and its first generator was commissioned in October 2012. The last generator was commissioned on July 9, 2014.

The output of the generating station is connected to an ±800 kV HVDC link, the Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system, which transmits the power to Shanghai.

See also

 List of power stations in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Sichuan
Hydroelectric power stations in Yunnan
Dams in China
Dams on the Jinsha River
Dams completed in 2012
2014 establishments in China
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014
Gravity dams
Buildings and structures in Zhaotong


Where Forever Begins may refer to:

Where Forever Begins (Neal McCoy album), 1992
Where Forever Begins (Ken Mellons album), 1995


"It's Not My Time" is the first official single from the self-titled fourth studio album by rock band 3 Doors Down. The song was serviced to US modern rock radio on February 18, 2008. Lyrically, the song focuses on "being resilient, going against the grain and going against the world when the world's trying to push you down, or take you out," lead singer Brad Arnold said. The song topped the US Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for three weeks. An acoustic version was also available on iTunes as a pre-order.

Background
"It's Not My Time" was originally written for the remake of the film The Poseidon Adventure. Brad Arnold explained: "It was gonna be a track on that movie. In the movie, they're just trying to escape their death. And there's a ship sinking. They showed me like a 30-second clip of the movie, and I went and wrote that song from it. And they wound up not wanting it, so I was like, Cool, we'll keep it. And that's actually the second song off a film like that. I wrote "Let Me Go" off of Seventeen Days for Spiderman, and they didn't want it, so we kept it. I'm glad. I had no problem with it."

Release and chart performance
The song was officially added to US modern rock radio on February 18, 2008. By its first official day of release, it was the most-added track at both active- and modern-rock radio stations. The song debuted at number 37 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for the week of March 1, 2008. It went on to top the chart, becoming the band's eighth top-10 single and fifth number-one single on the chart. It debuted at number 38 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart, eventually peaking at number five. The song peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the band's fifth top-20 hit on that chart. The song became their second number one on the Adult Top 40, following "Here Without You".

In Canada, Finland, and New Zealand, "It's Not My Time" reached the top 20, peaking at number 20 on the Canadian Hot 100, number 12 in Finland, and number 18 in New Zealand. It was their third top-40 hit in Australia, peaking at 26. It has also reached the top 40 in Germany.

Music video
The video was shot in Cincinnati, Ohio, on April 1, 2008. The shoot was done in Over-the-Rhine, Fountain Square, Clifton and other locations around the city. The music video was officially premiered by Universal Republic on April 23, 2008. The beginning sequences were shot on top of the shelter structures, at Bellevue Park, edited to appear as a tall building.

The video begins with a man (Gabriel Nunez of the free-running outfit Team Tempest) standing on the roof of a pavilion in a local park. A scene then shows a mother and her daughter driving in a car. As the clock in the car turns to 10:13 they are hit from the side by a truck. The video then goes back to the man on the rooftop, who looks at his iPhone, displaying the time 10:08. When the time turns to 10:09, he immediately begins to run, and jumps off the building, landing safely on the ground.

The video then proceeds to follow the man, as he rapidly traverses on foot through the city, avoiding numerous city obstacles by performing acrobatic maneuvers of parkour. The man is shown jumping high fences, leaping across city rooftops, hopping over vehicles, somersaulting through an empty pool, among various other stunts. The video also shows the woman and her daughter in the car at several points, where the clock shows the times 10:11, and 10:12. At the end of the video, the man leaps in front of the woman's car right at 10:13, causing the woman to stop, thereby avoiding the fatal accident seen in the beginning. The band is shown throughout the video performing on the rooftop where the man started from. At the end they are seen performing on a skywalk, overlooking where the accident would have happened.

Track listing
EP version
 "It's Not My Time" – 4:03
 "Who Are You" – 3:10
 "It's Not My Time" (acoustic) – 3:57

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

External links

2008 singles
2008 songs
3 Doors Down songs
Music videos directed by Shaun Silva
Song recordings produced by Johnny K
Songs written by Brad Arnold
Songs written by Chris Henderson (American musician)
Songs written by Matt Roberts (musician)
Songs written by Todd Harrell
Universal Republic Records singles


Jean-Antoine Constantin (January 1756 - 9 January 1844) was a French painter.

Biography
Born in the vicinity of the Loubière, in Marseille, Jean-Antoine Constantin studied at the Academy of Painting in Marseille under the tutelage of Jean-Joseph Kappeler, David de Marseille, and Jean-Baptiste Giry. Although born and bred in Marseille, he spent his whole professional life as a painter in Aix-en-Provence.

Rome, then Aix-en-Provence
In the aftermath of his graduation, he started work in the pottery industry in Moustiers-Sainte-Marie. He then lived in Rome for six years under the patronage of Perron, an arts enthusiast from Aix. Later, he moved back to Aix to work as a painter there. He mostly did landscape painting, with Digne-les-Bains, Fontaine de Vaucluse, or Marseille as inspirations.

Drawing school in Aix
In 1786, he succeeded Claude Arnulphy and became the third principal of the drawing school in Aix, continuing in the post until the French Revolution. In 1807, he moved to Digne to work as a drawing teacher for six years. He returned to Aix in 1813, with the financial support of François Marius Granet, who gave him an allowance of 150 francs. In January 1844, at age 88, he died a poor man.

Influence
Jean-Antoine Constantin is seen as one of the forefathers of Provençal painting. François Marius Granet, Auguste de Forbin, Louis Mathurin Clérian, Émile Loubon are some of the later painters to have sought inspiration from his paintings.

Works
Paintings:
La Fontaine de Vaucluse,  (Avignon).
Une petite Sainte-Victoire, (Aix-en-Provence).
Bord de rivière, Marseille.
L’Orage,  Marseille.
Monastère, Marseille.
Sepia drawings:
Rade de Marseille, Louvre.
Vue de Moustiers, Louvre.
Feather drawing:
Lancement d’une montgolfière à Aix, 1784, (Marseille).
Ink and wash painting:
Vue de Digne,  Digne.
Prise du Couvent de la Sainte-Enfance,  Digne.
Vue de la ville d’Aix, Louvre.
Vue de Marseille, Louvre.
Bord de rivière, (Marseille).
Vue de Salon, (Marseille).
Les Ermites, (Marseille).
L’Aumône devant l’église, (Marseille).
Neuf scènes paysannes ou marines d’Italie, (Aix-en-Provence).
Panneau contenant neuf scènes villageoises d’Italie, (Aix-en-Provence).
Watercolor painting:
Paysage et Guerriers, (Marseille).
Lithography:
Vue de Marseille, Paris, Rittner et Goupil (c. 1830), Marseille.

References
[This article has been translated from the French Wikipedia.]

External links
Drawing.
Fontaine-de-Vaucluse

1756 births
1844 deaths
Artists from Marseille
18th-century French painters
French male painters
19th-century French painters
19th-century French male artists
18th-century French male artists


Nuozhadu Dam () is an embankment dam on the Lancang (Mekong) River in Yunnan Province in southwest China. The dam is  tall, and creates a reservoir with a normal capacity of  at a level of  asl. The purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production along with flood control and navigation. The dam supports a power station with nine generators, each with generating capacity of 650 MW. The total generating capacity of the power station is 5,850 MW.  Construction on the project began in 2004; the dam's first generator went online 6 September 2012 and the last generator was commissioned in June 2014. The construction and management of the project was implemented by Huaneng Power International Ltd., which has a concession to build, own and operate hydroelectric dams on China's stretch of the Mekong River.

See also

 List of power stations in China
 List of tallest dams in the world
 List of tallest dams in China
 List of dams and reservoirs in China

References

Zhang Zhonglan and Yuan Youren: Slope stability study and section optimization of Nuozhadu’s earth core rockfill dam, New Developments in Dam Engineering. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Dam Engineering, 18-20 October 2004, Nanjing, China
Nuozhadu Hydropower Project - Excavation of the Underground Powerhouse Complex

Hydroelectric power stations in Yunnan
Dams in China
Dams in the Mekong River Basin
Dams completed in 2012
2014 establishments in China
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014
China Huaneng Group
Buildings and structures in Pu'er


The SaskTel Tankard is the Saskatchewan provincial championship for men's curling. The tournament is run by CURLSASK, the provincial curling association. The winner represents Team Saskatchewan at the Tim Hortons Brier. It is also known as the SaskTel Provincial Men's Championship. SaskTel became the sponsor in 2004 when it was known as the SaskTel Mobility Tankard.

Past names
Macdonald Tankard (1927–1979)
Labatt Tankard (1980–1994)
Saskatchewan Wheat Pool Tankard (1995–2003)
SaskTel Mobility Tankard (2004–2006)
SaskTel Tankard (2007–present)

Qualification
The SaskTel Tankard Provincial Championship is a 16 team seeded Triple Knockout format with a Page System Playoff.

The 16 teams qualify as follows:
 The SaskTel Tankard Southern and Northern Playdown each declare six teams.
 One berth will be awarded to the highest ranked registered Saskatchewan Team from the Saskatchewan Curling Tour (SCT).
 Four berths will be awarded to the two highest ranked registered Saskatchewan Teams from the CTRS ranking.
 One berth is awarded to the SaskTour Players' Championship
 Four berths will be awarded from SCT provincial berth bonspiels.

At the provincial final, the A Event winner, B Event winner and the two finalists of the C Event advance to the Page System Playoff.

Champions

Notes

References

External links
List of champions

The Brier provincial tournaments
Curling in Saskatchewan


The Tape is the debut studio album by American rapper Kid Capri. It was released on February 19, 1991, by Cold Chillin’/Warner Bros. Records. Recording sessions took place at Power Play Studios in Long Island City. Production was handled by Biz Markie with Cool V. The album peaked at No. 87 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. The album spawned two singles: "Apollo" and "Joke's on You, Jack".

Track listing

Personnel
David Anthony Love, Jr. – main artist
Dee Joseph Garner – featured artist (track 6), album coordinator
TJ Swan – vocals (track 3)
Anton Pukshansky – bass (track 1)
Ivan 'Doc' Rodriguez – keyboards (track 3), engineering
Marcel Theo Hall – producer, executive producer
Vaughan Lee – arranger, co-producer
JoDee Stringham – art direction, design
Mark Seliger – photography

Charts

References

External links

1991 debut albums
Kid Capri albums
Cold Chillin' Records albums


An electrical outlet tester, receptacle tester, or socket tester is a small device containing a 3-prong power plug and three indicator lights, used for quickly detecting some types of incorrectly-wired electrical wall outlets or campsite supplies. Easily carried in a pocket, it can be used with little training, and can identify some common wiring problems, but it fails to detect certain other dangerous types of wiring defects.

Tests and limitations

The outlet tester checks that each contact in the outlet appears to be connected to the correct wire in the building's electrical wiring. It can identify several common wiring errors, including swapped phase and neutral, and failure to connect ground.

The tester confirms continuity and polarity of the electrical connections, but it does not verify current-carrying ability, electrical safety (which requires impedance testing), insulation breakdown voltage, or loop connection of ring mains.

Simple three-light testers cannot detect some potentially serious house wiring errors, including neutral and ground interchanged at the receptacle. There may be a "bootleg ground", where the neutral and ground pins have been connected together at the receptacle, which cannot be detected either. These problems can be detected with a multimeter and a test load, to verify that the ground connection is separate from the neutral and is not carrying normal circuit return current, or more typically by using a more-sophisticated multifunction tester.

A quick supplemental screening test for these simple miswiring errors can be performed using a non-contact voltage tester (NCVT) or non-contact voltage detector. If a problem is thus identified, it can be investigated further using more-advanced equipment, or the outlet in question can be de-energized and disassembled for careful scrutiny.

Some receptacle testers include an additional test button to test the triggering of GFCI devices, which supplements the built-in test button on the GFCI and can be used for testing outlets downstream from a GFCI receptacle. "Plug-in analyzers" may include earth loop impedance and other checks.

History
An early reference that describes the typical outlet tester circuit was published in Popular Mechanics in the March issue of 1967, and consists of two 27 kΩ resistors, one 100 kΩ resistor, and three NE-51 neon lamp bulbs with 100 kΩ resistors.

See also
 Polarized plugs
 Test light

References

External links
Ways a receptacle tester can mislead (by an electrician)
Diagnosing Power Problems at the Receptacle, Duane Smith, EC&M, October 1, 2004

Electronic test equipment
Electrical wiring


The Laxiwa Dam () is an arch dam on the Yellow River in Qinghai Province, northwest China. It is  downstream of the Longyangxia Dam and  upstream from the Lijiaxia Dam. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports the largest station in the Yellow River basin. The facility generates power by utilizing six turbines, each with a generating capacity of , totaling to a capacity of .

Construction
By the beginning of 2004, the Yellow River was diverted and in September of that year, excavation on the dam's abutment began. In April 2006, the first concrete was cast and on May 18, 2009, the power plant's first two generators were commissioned. A total of  of earth and rock were excavated from the dam site.

See also

 List of power stations in China
 List of tallest dams in the world
 List of tallest dams in China
 List of dams and reservoirs in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Qinghai
Amdo
Buildings and structures in Qinghai
Dams on the Yellow River
Dams in China
Dams completed in 2009
Guide County


Bryan v. Kennett, 113 U.S. 179 (1885), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, under the treaty providing for the Louisiana Purchase, the United States would recognize property interests granted by the previous sovereign governments prior to the Purchase, even if the grant had been inchoate or incomplete.

The case involved a disputed title to land in the U.S. state of Missouri, which had previously been under the control of Spain and France before being acquired by the United States. In the late 1700s, the government of Spain had made a possibly incomplete grant of the land to a U.S. citizen, Moses Austin. Spain then lost control of the land to France in 1800, who in turn sold it to the United States. A question later arose as to whether Austin had received sufficient property rights from Spain to allow him to mortgage his land in 1818, or whether necessary rights had somehow passed back to the United States government, making the mortgage invalid and voiding subsequent land transfers that occurred pursuant to Austin's defaulting on the mortgage. Under the Court's holding, the incomplete grant to Austin was valid and sufficient to permit the mortgage.

Bryan v. Kennett is sometimes referenced as the Supreme Court's "ratification" of the Louisiana Purchase. However, the Court had already discussed and confirmed the legality of the Louisiana Purchase much earlier in American Insurance Co. v. Canter, 1 Peters (26 U.S.) 511 (1828).

Background
During the 1790s, Moses Austin, a former dry goods merchant who had married into an affluent iron mining family, had been one of the operators of a lead mine in southwestern Virginia and become known as the "Lead King". However, the business failed and Austin decided to leave the United States in order to avoid imprisonment for debt. He relocated to upper Spanish Louisiana, an area then controlled by Spain (which later became the U.S. state of Missouri), due to rich lead deposits in the region. Austin arranged with the Spanish government to receive a large tract of land in return for his swearing allegiance to the Spanish Crown and agreeing to settle some families in the area.

In 1797, the Spanish governor directed that Austin be placed in possession of land "one league square" (approximately 4,428 acres). Austin subsequently took possession of the land, moved his family onto it and built a house, blacksmith shop, and other improvements. In 1799, Spanish officials conducted a survey of the land and in 1802, the Spanish governor at New Orleans granted Austin the surveyed land. However, in the meantime Spain had returned Louisiana to France by operation of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, although Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control until 1803, just before France sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The land granted to Austin by the Spanish governor was therefore owned by France at the time of the 1802 grant and came under the jurisdiction of the United States in 1803.

Austin founded the Bank of St. Louis and was its principal stockholder. In 1818, he mortgaged his land to the bank for $15,000, but the bank failed in the Panic of 1819, causing Austin to lose his entire fortune and resulting in judgments being entered against him for approximately $14,500. Austin's land was subsequently seized and sold via sheriff's sale to pay his creditors. Following the sheriff's sale, Austin's land changed hands several more times and ended up in the possession of John Deane by 1835. However, Austin, perhaps in an effort to protect some of his assets, had also conveyed the land himself in 1820 to his son-in-law James Bryan and other grantees. Austin died in 1821, and Bryan in 1822.

In 1835, Deane brought a quiet title action in equity in Missouri against the heirs of James Bryan, who by then were living in Texas and failed to appear. Deane was awarded the right, title and interest to the land. Deane and his successors in title continued to occupy the land.

Almost 40 years later, on February 14, 1874, an Act of Congress was approved stating that "the United States hereby release whatever title they have" regarding Austin's former land (now located in Washington County, Missouri) "to the heirs, legal representatives, or assigns of said Moses Austin, according to their respective interests therein, provided however that this act shall not affect nor impair the title which any settler or other person may have acquired adverse to the title of said Moses Austin to any portion of said land." Bryan's heirs now brought an action for ejectment of Deane's successors in title, alleging (among other things) that Austin had not received complete title to his land from the Spanish government and thus he could not have mortgaged the land, which reverted to the possession of the United States and then passed to Bryan's heirs by operation of the Act of Congress.

Deane's successors in title, who were currently in possession of the land, contended that they and those from whom they claimed the land had been in "open, continuous adverse possession" of the disputed land for more than thirty years prior to the start of the current action, and had paid taxes due on the land; the plaintiffs and those from whom they claimed had not been in possession for any period of time exceeding thirty years or paid taxes. They further contended that equitable title came from the United States starting in 1803, that the United States had made no attempt to claim the land itself, and that the previous holding in the 1836 equity suit by John Deane estopped the plaintiffs from now trying to claim the land.

Opinion of the Court
In an opinion by Justice John M. Harlan, the Supreme Court held that Spain's grant to Austin, even if incomplete, was recognized by the United States, thus supporting the claim of Deane's successors in title, who took possession of the land due to Austin's mortgage and subsequent default. In so holding, the Court reaffirmed its position, as set forth in previous cases, that "in that treaty by which Louisiana was acquired, the United States stipulated that the inhabitants of the ceded territory should be protected in the free enjoyment of their property; that the term 'property,' as applied to lands comprehends every species of title, inchoate or complete, and embraces rights which lie in contract, executory as well as executed, and that in this respect the relation of the inhabitants to their government was not changed, the new government taking the place of that which had passed away."

The Court further clarified that the United States government intended to broadly recognize the claims of property owners to property they were granted or otherwise had a presumed right based on the actions of Spain or France prior to the Louisiana Purchase, without requiring that the property owner also have taken all the necessary steps to legally complete the grant. The Court noted that at the time of the Purchase, there were very few "complete grants", that "nineteen-twentieths" of the grants were incomplete and that  "[m]ost of the inhabitants were too poor to defray the expenses attending the completion of their titles, but they had faith in their government" that the title would be recognized. In making this ruling on the property issue, the Court cited its previous opinions in Strother v. Lucas, 31 U.S. 763 (1832), Soulard v. United States, 29 U.S. 511 (1830), and Landes v. Brant, 51 U.S. 348 (1850) in support. The Court also noted that the Act of Congress was stated to also apply to "legal representatives or assigns" of Austin and not just to his heirs.

The Court also held that the plaintiffs were estopped from asserting in the current "collateral proceeding" any interest in the property by the 1836 decision on Deane's bill of equity, because the court making that decision had jurisdiction, the decision was conclusive, and had not been reversed or modified on appeal, or otherwise set aside or annulled.

The Court concluded its opinion by stating that "the sole object of [the Act of Congress] ... was to assure those who thus acquired possession, whether by contract or by operation of law, that they would not be disturbed by any assertion of claim upon the part of the United States. It originated with the representatives in Congress from Missouri, whose avowed purpose was to protect the interests of their immediate constituents. The necessity of this act arose from a then recent opinion of the Commissioner of the General Land Office that the legal title to the land within the Austin claim was still in the United States. In order to quiet the fears of those 'who have been in possession for half a century, claiming the land adversely against everybody, as well as the United States,' the act of 1874 was passed. It had no other object."

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
1885 in United States case law
Louisiana Purchase
Washington County, Missouri


The Behavioral Science Consultation Teams (BSCTs, pronounced "biscuits") are groups of psychiatrists, other medical doctors and psychologists who study detainees in American extrajudicial detention.

History
The groups were being officially authorized by the US Department of Defense in mid-2002, following the advice of General Michael E. Dunlavey, later chief interrogator at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The BSCTs proposed a three-step pattern for harsh interrogations, including sleep deprivation and psychological pressure:

Additional detention conditions they believed would further assist intelligence-gathering operations. These included using fans and generators to create white noise as a form of psychological pressure; restricting "resistant" detainees to no more than four hours of sleep a day; depriving them of "comfort items" such as sheets, blankets, mattresses, and washcloths; and controlling their access to the koran. "All aspects of the [detention] environment," they argued, "should enhance capture shock, dislocate expectations, foster dependence, and support exploitation to the fullest extent possible."

The teams are controversial because some critics consider their participation in what is called enhanced interrogation of detainees in the war on terror a breach of medical ethics.

When Darrel Vandeveld, one of the lawyers assigned to serve as one of military commission prosecutors looked into the case against Mohammed Jawad, one of the individuals he was assigned to prosecute, he realized that the record showed that Jawad, then still a minor, had been subjected to long periods of sleep deprivation, a torture technique that had already been de-authorized, on the advice of Army psychologist Lieutenant Colonel Diane M. Zierhoffer.

Medical ethics
Such was the consternation of the American Psychological Association that in 2007 it adopted the resolution 'Reaffirmation of the American Psychological Association Position Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Its Application to Individuals Defined in the United States Code as "Enemy Combatants"' to make clear that any torture and other cruel, Inhuman, or degrading treatment was unethical, whatever the situation.

References

Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Interrogations
Prison healthcare


is a national highway connecting Kita-ku in the city of Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, and the city of Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Route description
Length: 126.5 km
Origin: Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture (originates at the terminus of Routes 2, 25, and 176)
Terminus: Tsu, Mie Prefecture

References

165
Roads in Mie Prefecture
Roads in Nara Prefecture
Roads in Osaka Prefecture


Peter Telep (born April 8, 1965) is an American author, screenwriter, and educator who has collaborated with the late Tom Clancy. He has written over 50 books, and written scripts for multiple television shows. He is currently a teacher at The University of Central Florida.

Biography
Telep was born in Yonkers, New York, but moved to Long Island at a young age, where he lived an "average childhood". He attended Southampton College, where he did most of his undergraduate work, but dropped out during his senior year. After spending a few years in Los Angeles, working on television shows, he returned to school at The University of Central Florida where he earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees. He currently resides in Orlando, Florida and teaches composition, scriptwriting, and creative writing courses at The University of Central Florida. Telep enjoys fishing and is a certified cycling instructor.

Written works
The following was taken from Mr. Telep's official website:

Books
The Squire series
Squire (1995)
Squire's Blood (1995)
Squire's Honor (1996)
Space: Above and Beyond
Space: Above and Beyond (1995)
Demolition Winter (1997)
The Descent series
Descent (1999)
Stealing Thunder (1999)
Equinox (1999)
Wing Commander
Wing Commander (1999)
Wing Commander - Junior Novelization (1999)
Pilgrim Stars (1999)
Red Planet
Red Planet (2001)
Brothers in Arms series (as Ben Weaver)
Brothers in Arms (2001)
Rebels in Arms (2002)
Patriots in Arms (2003)
Night Angel 9 series
Night Angel 9 (2001)
Playing With Fire (2001)
Life Flight (2001)
Force 5 Recon series (as P.W. Storm)
Deployment: Pakistan (2003)
Deployment: North Korea (2004)
Deployment: Philippines (2004)
Armored Corps series (as Pete Callahan)
Armored Corps (2005)
Engage and Destroy (2005)
Attack by Fire (2006)
The Mercenaries series (as P.W. Storm)
Blood Diamonds (2006)
Thunderkill (2007)
Mad Dogs and Englishmen (2008)
Special Forces Afghanistan
Direct Action (2008)
Critical Action (2009)
EndWar series
Tom Clancy's EndWar: The Missing (2013)

Screenplays
In the Heat of the Night
A Final Arrangement (Season 4, Episode 10)
The Legend of Prince Valiant
The Crossbow (Season 2, Episode 38)

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Southampton College alumni
University of Central Florida faculty
University of Central Florida alumni
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
Novelists from Florida
Screenwriters from Florida
Writers from Orlando, Florida
Writers from Yonkers, New York
Novelists from New York (state)
Screenwriters from New York (state)


These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1986 European Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany, held at Neckarstadion on 28, 29, and 30 August 1986.

Results

Final
30 August

Semi-finals
29 August

Semi-final 1

Semi-final 2

Heats
28 August

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.

 (1)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
 (2)
 (2)
 (3)
 (1)
 (1)
 (1)
 (2)

See also
 1982 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Athens)
 1983 Women's World Championships 400m Hurdles (Helsinki)
 1984 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Moscow)
 1987 Women's World Championships 400m Hurdles (Rome)
 1988 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Seoul)
 1990 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Split)

References

 Results

Hurdles 400
400 metres hurdles at the European Athletics Championships
1986 in women's athletics


BCWest Air was a small airline based in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. Its routes were from the mainland to Vancouver Island since September 2007, but ended in October 2008 due to unresolved shareholder dispute.

Routes
Routes flown were:

 Nanaimo - Abbotsford, British Columbia
 Abbotsford, British Columbia - Nanaimo
 Abbotsford, British Columbia - Victoria, British Columbia
 Victoria, British Columbia - Abbotsford, British Columbia
 Victoria, British Columbia - Nanaimo
 Nanaimo - Victoria, British Columbia

Fleet
Fleet consisted of a Piper PA-31 Navajo and a Cessna 402.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of Canada

Abbotsford, British Columbia
Airlines established in 2007
Airlines disestablished in 2008
Defunct airlines of Canada
Canadian companies established in 2007
2007 establishments in British Columbia


Georg Albert Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein  (18 March 1878 – 14 October 1953), known as Sir George Franckenstein, was an Austrian diplomat and a member of the Franckenstein family. Opposed to the Nazis, he became a British citizen when his post was suppressed in 1938.

Biography

Franckenstein was born in Dresden, Saxony, the son of Karl Baron von und zu Franckenstein (1831–1898), a diplomat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife, Elma née Countess von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1841–1884). He was the younger brother of the composer and General Intendant of Munich Clemens von und zu Franckenstein (1875–1942).

Georg spent his youth between Franconia and Vienna. Educated at the famous Schottengymnasium, followed by the study of politics and law at the University of Vienna, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Austrian Empire to become a career diplomat. His first posting took him to Washington D.C., followed by the Russian imperial Court in Saint Petersburg and Rome. After a short interlude at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna, he was ordered to the Japanese Imperial Court, then to India, and finally to Brussels, before becoming K+K Kommerzdirektor of the Austrian Embassy to the Court of St James's, Westminster. The beginning of the First World War in 1914 forced him to leave Britain and return home.

During the First World War, Franckenstein was, inter alia, diplomatic representative of the Habsburg-Monarchy in the German-occupied territories of Belgium and in 1918 in the Caucasus, occupied by the central powers, where he tried together with his German colleague General Kress von Kressenstein to help the Armenian refugees. In 1919 he was a member of Austria's delegation for concluding peace with the Allies at Saint-Germain.
On 13 October 1920, Franckenstein returned to London as the diplomatic representative of the new Republic of Austria. He then served as Austrian Minister to the Court of St. James's for eighteen years, from 1920 to 1938.

Due to his sumptuous and representative style of living, especially by hosting concerts and masked balls, he strongly assured his high society esteem, where – although aristocracy had been abolished in Austria by 1919 – he was still addressed as "Baron Franckenstein". In the early 1920s he could clear the massive financial tilt of his country, thanks to his contacts in London and through arranging an international Government Bond. In 1935, he was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Oxford. In 1937, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order.

Being an opponent of the Nazis, he lost his diplomatic position after the Anschluss of 1938. In order to organize the fight against the Nazis out of Britain and help anti-Nazi countrymen, he remained in London, took British nationality on 14 July 1938, and was knighted on 26 July 1938 by King George VI, becoming Sir George Franckenstein.

Together with his brother Clemens, his cousins Joseph von Franckenstein, an active intelligence and field agent at the OSS, and Heinrich von Franckenstein, he tried to keep up an active network and opposition against the Nazi-Regime out of London. Unlike networks of some occupied countries, this activity was not successful, as the majority of Austrians at the time identified themselves as German. In 1939, he married young Editha King, and they had one son, Clement.

Death

George and Editha were among 44 people killed in a plane crash in Kelsterbach, Hessen, outside Frankfurt on 14 October 1953.
Their son, Clement (1944–2019), an actor, was then raised by family friends.

References

George Franckenstein: Facts and features of my life
Georg von Franckenstein: Zwischen Wien und London. Erinnerungen eines österreichischen Diplomaten, Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz 2005.

Further reading

Patsch, Sylvia M.: Österreichische Schriftsteller im Exil in Großbritannien. Vienna 1985, S. 210ff.
Time, 8 August 1938;
Weinzierl, Ulrich: Hofmannsthal. Skizzen zu seinem Bild. Vienna, Paul Zsolnay Verlag, 2005.
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von: Briefwechsel mit Clemens von Franckenstein, Rombach Druck- und Verlagshaus,

1878 births
1953 deaths
Ambassadors of Austria to the United Kingdom
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in the Russian Empire
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in Germany
Barons of Austria
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Bachelor
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Austrian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in the United States
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in Japan
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Germany
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1953


Edwin A. Locke (born May 15, 1938) is an American psychologist and a pioneer in goal-setting theory. He is a retired Dean's Professor of Motivation and Leadership at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park.  He was also affiliated with the Department of Psychology. As stated by the Association for Psychological Science, "Locke is the most published organizational psychologist in the history of the field. His pioneering research has advanced and enriched our understanding of work motivation and job satisfaction. The theory that is synonymous with his name—goal-setting theory—is perhaps the most widely-respected theory in industrial-organizational psychology. His 1976 chapter on job satisfaction continues to be one of the most highly-cited pieces of work in the field."

Locke is a proponent of global capitalism, was personally acquainted with the philosopher Ayn Rand, and is affiliated with the Ayn Rand Institute.

He is also a critic of the concept of emotional intelligence. In recent years, he has become an outspoken opponent of the animal rights movement, especially the organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.  In a winter 2010 interview with Imagineer magazine, he stated, "I don’t think PETA want all beings equal at all; I think they want man to suffer and die."

Academia
Locke graduated high school from Phillips Exeter Academy. He obtained his bachelor's degree in Psychology from Harvard in 1960. Two years later, at Cornell, he earned his master's degree in Industrial Psychology and Experimental Psychology, followed by his PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology in 1964. Locke's dissertation was on the relationship of intentions to motivation and affect.
In 1964, he took a position as an associate research scientist with the American Institutes for Research (AIR), where he remained as a research scientist from 1966 to 1970.

In 1967, he became an assistant professor of psychology in the University of Maryland. In 1970, he became associate professor of Business Administration in the University of Maryland. Between 1972 and 2001, he held a number of posts at the University of Maryland: 1972–2001, Professor of Business and Management, and of Psychology; 1984–1996; chair, Management and Organization Faculty; 1998–2001, Dean's Professor of Leadership and Motivation. Since 2001, Locke has been Professor Emeritus at the University of Maryland.

Theories

The Goal Setting Theory
Goal Setting Theory was developed by Locke in 1968 to explain human behavior in specific work situations. The theory argues that goals and intentions are cognitive and willful.

The two key findings of this theory are that setting specific goals (e.g., I want to earn $500 more a month) leads to higher performance than setting nonspecific, "do best" goals (e.g., I want to earn more money), and that goal difficulty is linearly and positively related to performance, such that, the harder the goal, the greater the effort, focus, and persistence, which results in higher performance. Goals are proposed to mediate the influence of incentives and feedback on performance. The model has spawned a large body of research, most of which has supported these predictions.

Goals have two characteristics: content, and intensity. Content refers to the chosen achievement (e.g., I want to form a loving relationship). Intensity refers to the quantity of physical and mental resources needed to create or achieve the content. The original model proposed by Locke consisted of five steps: Environmental Stimuli → Cognition → Evaluation → Intentions/ Goal Setting → Performance.

Sub-principles of Goal-setting
1) Set challenging specific goals

2) Provide feedback in relation to goals

3) Gain goal commitment

4) Provide resources needed to attain the goal

5) Learning vs performance goals

6) Environmental uncertainty

7) Stretch Goals

Prime Mover Theory
Professor Locke also developed a model of successful business people.  This model is based on observations of success, such as of Walt Disney, Sam Walton, and Mary Kay. In successful people, seven traits were observed at high levels:

 Independent vision
 An active mind
 Competence and confidence
 The drive to action
 Egoistic passion
 Love of ability in others
 Virtue

Awards
 The Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the Academy of Management (Human Resources Division)
 Outstanding Teacher-Scholar Award from the University of Maryland
 James Mckeen Cattell Fellow Award, Association for Psychological Science.

Attainments
Locke is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science,
the Academy of Management, the Society for Industrial & Organizational Psychology, and the Society for Organizational Behavior.

References

External links
Professor Locke's home page

Living people
Cornell University alumni
Critics of animal rights
Harvard University alumni
Objectivists
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
1938 births
21st-century American psychologists
Ayn Rand Institute
20th-century American psychologists


The Detroit City Council is the legislative body of Detroit, Michigan, United States.  The full-time council is required to meet every business day for at least 10 months of the year, with at least eight of these meetings occurring at a location besides city hall. The Detroit City Council has elected Mary Sheffield to be its next president.  The council may convene for special meetings at the call of the mayor or at least four members of council.

History
The city council was first constituted as the legislative body of the city in 1824. The city began to grow more rapidly in the late 19th century, absorbing immigrants from Europe and migrants from the rural South and other areas. This body was called the Common Council until July 1, 1974.

Until the early 20th century, the council was elected from city wards, or single-member districts.  However, starting in 1918, at a time of changes in local government thought to be Progressive, the city council voted to require all city council members elected at-large. This reduced representation by geography from wards, where various ethnic groups tended to concentrate. It was considered unusual for a city of Detroit's size, which had competing political parties.

While voters in the city have become predominantly affiliated with the Democratic Party, they wanted more representation by district. On November 4, 2009, city voters overwhelmingly approved a referendum to once again elect seven of the nine council seats from single-member districts, and two at-large seats, beginning in 2013.

Composition & Election
The council is composed of nine members, seven of whom are elected from single-member districts using first-past-the-post voting, with two additional members elected at-large using block voting.  The council includes two officers, the president and president pro tempore, who are elected from among the members of the council at the beginning of each new session of the body for four-year terms.  The officers can be removed by a unanimous vote of council, exclusive of the member being removed, during any session meeting.  Elections to the body are officially non-partisan.

City Council Electoral Districts
A major overhaul of Detroit City Charter took place in 2012. This change moved to election by district for 7 districts and 2 at-large positions.

Current members

Committees
The council has six standing committees:

Budget, Finance & Audit
Neighborhood & Community Services
Internal Operations
Public Health & Safety
Planning and Economic Development
Rules

The council is granted the power to form additional committees at its own discretion

Vacancies and special elections
If a vacancy occurs on the city council, it is filled by appointment of the city council based on a two-thirds vote of its existing members.  The appointee serves until an elected member takes office, which is filled at the next general election scheduled in the city not held sooner than 180 days after the vacancy occurs, be that an election to fill federal, state, county or city offices.

Former members
Starting in 1919, nine Detroit City Council members were elected at large.  Members of the council, from 1919 to the present, are:

 Color coding: pink = Republican; blue = Democratic; light green = Farmer-Labor; dark green = Progressive; gray = unaffiliated.

Salaries
Salaries for elected officials are recommended every odd-numbered year by the Detroit Elected Officials Compensation Commission.  The 7-member board is appointed by the mayor and approved by the council, each member serving a 7-year term.

After being recommended by the compensation commission, city council approved a pay increase of 3% on November 19, 2019. Regular City Council members will be paid $82,749 annually, while the City Council President will be paid $94,000.  Recommendations for salaries were recommended and approved in 2015 and 2017.  Prior to 2015 increases had not happened since 2001.

See also

Government of Detroit, Michigan
List of mayors of Detroit, Michigan

References

External links
Detroit City Council website

City councils in the United States
Government of Detroit
Government agencies established in 1824
1824 establishments in Michigan Territory


The Xiaowan Dam () is an arch dam on the Lancang (Mekong) River in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province in southwest China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 4,200 MW power station. Constructed between 2002 and 2010 by Huaneng Power International at a cost of ¥32 billion (nearly US$3.9 billion), it is the world's second highest arch dam at . It is also third highest among dams of all types behind Jinping-I and Nurek and the third largest hydroelectric power station in China.

Background
The feasibility study for the dam was completed in 1992, with it as part of the Lancang River Project. In 1995 the report was reviewed and approved by the Chinese government. Three years later in 1998, a consortium to fund and construct the dam was organized. In 1999, preliminary construction (roads, bridges, river diversion) began. Official construction on the dam started on 1 January 2002. The river was diverted by November 2003 and concrete pouring began in 2005. The river diversion was closed and the reservoir began to impound in November 2007. The first generator was commissioned in September 2009 and the dam was complete in March 2010. The last of the six generators went operational on 22 August 2010. The creation of the dam's reservoir submerged  of land and displaced 32,737 people.

Specifications
The Xiaowan Dam is a  tall and  long double-curvature arch dam. Its crest is  wide while the base sits at  in width. The dam's crest is at an elevation of  while the normal reservoir level is slightly lower at . The dam's reservoir has a normal storage capacity of ; of that capacity,  is active (or "useful") storage. The dam traps water from a catchment area covering . The surface of the reservoir at normal level covers .

Helping to control floods, the dam has two spillways, 5 gates near the crest and a tunnel on the left bank. The gates can discharge up to  while the tunnel has a maximum discharge of . In the middle portion of the dam, there are six orifice openings that can discharge . In addition, the dam can release additional water and sediment with two bottom outlets. All of the dam's outlets including the power station give it a maximum flood discharge of .

On the right bank of the dam is the power station intake which receives water into six  diameter penstocks which each feed a 700 MW Francis turbine-turbine in the underground power station. The drop in elevation from the intake to the turbine affords a maximum hydraulic head of . Once discharged by the turbine, the water is sent down one of two  diameter tailrace tunnels towards the river.

See also

List of power stations in China
 List of tallest dams in the world
 List of tallest dams in China
 List of dams and reservoirs in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Yunnan
Dams in the Mekong River Basin
Dams in China
Arch dams
Dams completed in 2010
Underground power stations
2010 establishments in China
Energy infrastructure completed in 2010
Buildings and structures in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Lincang


The Pubugou Dam () is a concrete face rock-fill embankment dam on the Dadu River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan Province. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its total generating capacity is 3,300 MW.

Construction started on March 30, 2004, the first generator was put into operation in December 2009 and the rest by March 2010. In 2004, the construction site was overrun by tens of thousands of protesters, though the only eventual result was the delay of construction by one year. The protests were about evictions stemming from planned flooding.

See also

 List of power stations in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Sichuan
Dams in China
Concrete-face rock-fill dams
Dams completed in 2010
Dams on the Dadu River


There have been three Baronetcies created for persons with the surname Seymour, two in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2008.

The Seymour Baronetcy, of Berry Pomeroy in the County of Devon, was created in the Baronetage of England on 29 June 1611 for Edward Seymour, Sheriff of Devon and Member of Parliament for Devon. He was the eldest grandson of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset by his first marriage to Catherine Fillol. Under the normal rules of inheritance, he would have been heir to the Dukedom of Somerset, had not the 1st Duke arranged for his son by his second marriage to be his heir, thus by-passing his first son (the 1st Baronet's father), Lord Edward Seymour (1529–1593) of Berry Pomeroy, Sheriff of Devon. The first six baronets, all named Edward, were all Members of Parliament; the first four lived at Berry Pomeroy Castle, purchased by the 1st Duke of Somerset. The 4th Baronet left Berry Pomeroy for Bradley House, Maiden Bradley, Wiltshire, current seat of his descendants the Dukes of Somerset. The 6th Baronet succeeded his very distant cousin as 8th Duke of Somerset in 1750. For further history of the baronetcy, see that title.

The Seymour Baronetcy, of Langley in the County of Buckingham, was created in the Baronetage of England on 4 July 1681 for Henry Seymour, Member of Parliament for East Looe, Cornwall, 2nd son of Sir Edward Seymour, 2nd Baronet (c. 1580–1659) of Berry Pomeroy. Sir Henry Seymour never married, and the baronetcy became extinct at his death.

The Seymour Baronetcy, of the Army, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 28 October 1869 for Francis Seymour. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1949.

Seymour baronets, of Berry Pomeroy (1611)
Sir Edward Seymour, 1st Baronet (–1613)
Sir Edward Seymour, 2nd Baronet (c. 1580–1659)
Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet (1610–1688)
Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet (1633–1708)
Sir Edward Seymour, 5th Baronet (1663–1740)
Sir Edward Seymour, 6th Baronet (1695–1757) (succeeded as Duke of Somerset in 1750)
see Duke of Somerset for further succession

Seymour baronets, of Langley (1681)
Sir Henry Seymour, 1st Baronet (1674–1714)

Seymour baronets, of the Army (1869)
Sir Francis Seymour, 1st Baronet (1813–1890)
Sir Albert Victor Francis Seymour, 2nd Baronet (1887–1949)

References

See also
 Culme-Seymour baronets

Baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
!
1611 establishments in England


Jack Cosgrove (born October 30, 1956) is an American football coach.  He is the head football coach at Colby College. Cosgrove served as  the head football coach at the University of Maine from 1993 to 2015.  He is an alumnus of Maine and played college football as a quarterback on the Maine Black Bears football team.  Prior to receiving the head coaching position as his alma mater, Cosgrove served as an assistant at Maine and Boston College and was head coach at Stoughton High School.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Colby profile
 Maine profile

1956 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Boston College Eagles football coaches
Colby Mules football coaches
Maine Black Bears football coaches
Maine Black Bears football players
High school football coaches in Massachusetts
People from Sharon, Massachusetts
Coaches of American football from Massachusetts
Players of American football from Norfolk County, Massachusetts


These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 1983 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. There were a total number of 31 participating athletes, with four qualifying heats, two semi-finals and the final held on Wednesday 1983-08-10.

Medalists

Records
Existing records at the start of the event.

Final

Semi-finals
Held on Tuesday 1983-08-09

Qualifying heats
Held on Monday 1983-08-08

See also
 1982 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Athens)
 1984 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Stuttgart)
 1988 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Seoul)

References
 Results

H
400 metres hurdles at the World Athletics Championships
1983 in women's athletics


The Ikorta church of the Archangel (), commonly known as Ikorta (იკორთა) is a 12th-century Georgian Orthodox church located at the outskirts of the village Ikort’a in Shida Kartli region of eastern Georgia. The church was originally a part of Ikorta castle, from which only the citadel and the church remain.

History
Commissioned by the ducal family of Ksani in the reign of King George III of Georgia in 1172, Ikort’a is one in a series of the 11th–13th-century churches of Georgia that set a final canonical model of a Georgian domed cross-in-square church.

The Ikort’a church is a centrally planned, domed rectangular design, with a semicircular apse on the east. The church has a shape of cross with the dome on crossing point of the arms. Apart from the apse arm, the three other arms are quadrangular. The dome, with 12 windows pierced round its tall base, rests upon the corners of the altar and two hexangular (octangular by other sources) pillars. The pillars have bases and capitals, and the transitional arches, resting on them, are decorated by steps and valves. The four side rooms next to the apse are built in two stories. The upper stories are caches and the lower are pastophoria, which are open to the major space of the church with arches. Thus, creating an impression of space unity, this is a special feature of Ikorta. Western arm is connected to the lateral naves through two arches, held on fine pillar. The upper floors of the lateral naves are meant for the nobility, women and choir. In addition to the windows in the dome, the church is well illuminated from the five windows on the side walls, necessary to observe frescos, which is the 12th century tradition.  Walls and vaults were plastered and frescoed at the time of construction; but only some fragments of original murals survived in the apse, northern wall and the base of the dome.

The façades and a lower portion of the dome are lavishly ornamented. The step-like arching, made of paired valves, is created according to the 11th century tradition. Central motive of the eastern façade with interconnected cross, rosette, framed window and two rombs, and two deep niches on the sides with ornamentation in upper part, are also the 11th century inventions. This central composition is flanked by vertical motifs of three connected elements on each side with round window, rosette and arch window. Archading continues also to other walls. The western façade has two large windows, each with its own arch, and a rosette above them. Lateral arches here each enclose a quadrangular ornamented stone with small round window. Southern and northern façades both have a high central arch with three windows and two equal lower arches on each side. The tholobate is a rare example of the originally survived. Each window has a decorated valve and arching.

The church was renovated in the 17th century, but the original design was largely preserved. There are two entrance portals, one to the south and one to the west. Original porches have been ruined, and the extant porch to the south is of much later period. There are a solar clock and an ancient Georgian asomtavruli inscription on the western and eastern walls, telling about the construction year and the names of contractors. The solar clock has a semicircle, twelve sectors on it with letters, indicating hours, and a hole for a stick. A shade from the stick showed time. Ten solar clocks of this type have been found throughout Georgia.

During the 1991 Racha earthquake, a large portion of the dome collapsed, and inflicted significant damage on the church. In 1999 the monument was listed among the "100 Most Endangered Sites" (World Monuments Fund, 2000–2001). A reconstruction project is currently under progress.

The Ikort’a church served as a burial ground of the dukes of Ksani, and houses, among others, the tombs of the brothers Shalva and Elizbar of Ksani, and their associate Bidzina, Prince Cholokashvili. These noblemen were tortured to death for having revolted against the Persian domination of Kakheti (eastern Georgia) in 1659, and were eventually canonized by the Georgian Orthodox church.

See also
Ikorta castle

References

12th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings
Churches in Georgia (country)
Buildings and structures in Shida Kartli


The Goupitan Dam () is an arch dam on the Wu River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Guizhou Province, southwest of China. The dam's hydroelectric facility will operate on five turbines, each with a hydroelectric generating capacity of , for a total of . Constructions began on in 2003 and the first generator was operational in June 2009. All works were completed in 2011.

The dam is supplemented by the Goupitan shiplift, said to be the tallest boat lift in the world. Xinhua reported, on July 3, 2020, it would be complete by March 2021.

See also

 List of power stations in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Guizhou
Dams in China
Arch dams
Dams completed in 2011
Dams on the Wu River


The Guandi Dam () is a gravity dam on the Yalong River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan Province Southwest of China. It supplies water to four hydroelectric generators, each with generating capacity of 600 MW. The total generating capacity of the project is 2,400 MW. Construction started on October 20, 2010, with a ground-breaking ceremony. On February 9, 2012, the dam began to impound the reservoir and the last of the four generators were commissioned on 28 March 2013.

See also

 List of power stations in China

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Sichuan
Dams in China
Dams completed in 2012
Dams on the Yalong River
Gravity dams
Roller-compacted concrete dams


Bears Island is a small island with an area of 0.34 ha, lying off the north-west tip of Three Hummock Island in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia.  It is part of Tasmania’s Hunter Island Group which lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island.

Fauna
Breeding seabirds and shorebirds include little penguin, common diving-petrel, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher.

References

Islands of Bass Strait


These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Rome, Italy. There were a total number of 35 participating athletes, with five qualifying heats, two semi-finals and the final held on Thursday 1987-09-03.

Final

Semi-finals
 Held on Tuesday 1987-09-01

Qualifying heats
 Held on Monday 1987-08-31

See also
 1984 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Los Angeles)
 1986 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Stuttgart)
 1988 Women's Olympic 400m Hurdles (Seoul)
 1990 Women's European Championships 400m Hurdles (Split)

References
 Results

H
400 metres hurdles at the World Athletics Championships
1987 in women's athletics