SoundThinking, Inc. (formerly ShotSpotter Inc.) is a publicly traded, Fremont, California-based company known for its controversial gunfire locator service. ShotSpotter claims it can identify whether or not a gunshot was fired in an area in order to dispatch law enforcement, though researchers have noted concerns about effectiveness, reliability, privacy, and equity. The company has been partnering with cities and police since 1997, and as of 2022 has been utilized by more than 130 cities and law enforcement agencies in the US.

History
ShotSpotter was founded by Robert Showen in the 1990s while he was working for SRI International. He created a company in 1996 and tested prototypes in Redwood City, California. Its early success was described by Wired as being "due to good PR, not good technology." James Beldock joined as CEO in 2003 as a "turnaround specialist"; in 2005 the company merged with Centurist Systems, which was creating acoustic sniper location systems for the military; Centurist held a "deceptively simple patent" for the location algorithm. Centurist's CEO, Scott Manderville, became president of the board.

As of 2021, the acoustic locator technology was installed in 125 cities and 14 campuses, covering 911 square miles. The locators are typically installed at 20–25 sensors per square mile and primarily connected via 4G networks (mostly AT&T and Verizon). In 2020, Chicago was 18% of the company's revenue, and New York City was 15%.

Ralph Clark was named CEO of ShotSpotter in 2010. The company went public in June 2017. The company authorized a stock buyback program in 2019 and bought back $8.3 million by the end of 2020.

The company's gross revenues were $58.2 million in 2021 (increased coverage by 49 square miles and 10 cities), up from $45.7 million in 2020 (increased coverage by 49 square miles and 10 cities) and from $40.8 million in 2019 (increased coverage by 82 square miles and 6 cities). The company had a net loss of $4.4 million in 2021, in part from nonrenewal of contracts and increases in legal costs, PR from Trident DMG, and lobbying.

Toronto, Ontario has declined to use the technology, as the Ministry of the Solicitor General (Ontario) believes it violates Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The company previously provided indoor gunfire locator technology, but discontinued it in 2018.

ShotSpotter illegally lobbied the city of Oakland, California in 2014 and received a $5000 fine.

In April 2023, the company rebranded to SoundThinking to better represent "holistic approach to gun violence", but retained the ShotSpotter product name.

In July 2023, a Houston Chronicle investigation showed that ShotSpotter calls resulted in lower incident report rates, longer police response times. Over 80% of ShotSpotter alerts were false positives or otherwise useless. The almost 5500 alerts led to 99 arrests and 126 charges, half charged as misdemeanors. A disproportionate number of residents in coverage areas are people of color. The Houston Police Department cast the system as a way to invest in historically marginalized areas.

In an August 2023 earnings call, the CEO of SoundThinking announced that the company had begun the process of absorbing parts (including the "engineering team") of Geolitica, formerly known as PredPol.

Studies
A June 2021 study in the Journal of Experimental Criminology stated the system "may be of little benefit to police agencies with a pre-existing high call volume. Our results indicate no reductions in serious violent crimes, yet [ShotSpotter] increases demands on police resources." An October 2021 paper in the Journal of Urban Health, studying the longitudinal effects of ShotSpotter over a 17 year period, found "implementing ShotSpotter technology has no significant impact on firearm-related homicides or arrest outcomes. Policy solutions may represent a more cost-effective measure to reduce urban firearm violence."

The NYU School of Law Policing Project published a paper in 2021, "Measuring the effects of ShotSpotter on Gunfire in St. Louis County, Mo". The paper indicated a significant drop in gun violence in the area. However, the paper also discloses that ShotSpotter "has provided the Policing Project with unrestricted funding".

Jennifer Doleac told Voice of San Diego that ShotSpotter "resisted attempts (by me and others) to do a rigorous evaluation of its impacts", noting "they've clearly found that they can get cities to sign their contracts without such evidence."

Accuracy
As of 2021, ShotSpotter evidence has been used in 190 court cases, though it is often withdrawn when challenged. ShotSpotter has admitted it manually alters the computer-calculated evidence "on a semiregular basis", and it has never been independently tested, leading to doubts on its accuracy. Vice's Motherboard noted that ShotSpotter "frequently modify alerts at the request of police departments." Associated Press also noted their "methods for identifying gunshots aren't always guided solely by the technology."

While the company claims a 97% accuracy, the MacArthur Justice Center studied over 40,000 dispatches in an under-two-year period in Chicago and found that 89% of dispatches resulted in no gun-related crime, and 86% resulted in no crime at all. These results were backed up by a subsequent report by the Chicago Inspector General, which also found that police officers changed their practice by stopping and searching people for no other reason than that they were in a place known to have many ShotSpotter alerts. ShotSpotter's CEO described an earlier 80% accuracy rate as "basically our subscription warranty," but employee Paul Greene said "Our guarantee was put together by our sales and marketing department, not our engineers."

The ACLU has raised questions about privacy and surveillance, as the detectors keep hours or days of continuous audio. This audio has been admitted as evidence in at least one trial and rejected under a Massachusetts wiretapping law in a 2017 case. When Forbes sent public records requests to agencies in 2016, ShotSpotter sent a memo to all of its customers, detailing how they should deny or redact the requests.

The Associated Press reviewed a confidential operations document that indicated 10% of the algorithm's decisions were overridden by a human.

Additionally, the sensors are disproportionately placed in minority communities, leading to more interactions with police, often from false alerts from pneumatic nail guns, jackhammers, and even manual hammers.

Individual cases

In April 2017, ShotSpotter was able to locate mass-shooter Kori Ali Muhammad, enabling police to apprehend him within minutes.

The Rochester Police Department in New York use ShotSpotter. In 2017, officer Joseph Ferrigno shot Silvon Simmons in the back. Accounts between Ferrigno and Simmons vary, but ShotSpotter initially detected the gunshots as a helicopter. The company reclassified it as three gunshots "per the customer's instruction," then revised it to four shots. Later the company's employee Paul Greene "was asked by the Rochester Police department to essentially search and see if there were more shots fired than ShotSpotter picked up," so it was revised to five gunshots, which put it in alignment with Ferrigno's claims. The jury didn't believe ShotSpotter's evidence, and Judge Ciaccio overturned a gun possession charge, describing the ShotSpotter evidence as flawed. Simmons filed a civil lawsuit against ShotSpotter in 2017, which is still open as of 2021.

Greene also testified in a 2018 case in Chicago where ShotSpotter initially reported two gunshots. On request of the Chicago Police Department, he re-analyzed and found seven gunshots. This matched the police department's account and was not supported by video or bullet casing evidence.

Another case of reclassification occurred in 2020 with the arrest of a Chicago man for the shooting murder of Safarain Herring. ShotSpotter initially classified the sound as a firework, but a ShotSpotter employee changed it to gunfire a minute later, and later changed the calculated location to match the defendant's known location — over a mile away. A public defender in the case filed a Frye motion to examine the ShotSpotter forensic method, and the prosecution withdrew the evidence to avoid scrutinizing it. The MacArthur Center along with Lucy Parsons Labs filed an amicus curiae in the case, supporting the Frye hearing, noting the false positives, the disproportionate deployment, and that "ShotSpotter provides a false technological justification for overpolicing." The defendant spent 11 months in jail before being released in 2021 when his case was dismissed for insufficient evidence.

A ShotSpotter report of shots fired was the impetus for police response which resulted in the March 2021 shooting death of a 13-year-old boy by the Chicago Police Department.

In New Bedford, Massachusetts, the gunshot sensors recorded parts of a conversation, leading to concerns that it violates Fourth Amendment rights. Remarking on these privacy concerns, in 2015 then-NYPD commissioner William Bratton said "the advocates have to get a life." Bratton had been on ShotSpotter's Board of Directors before then, and rejoined it in 2017.

In July 2022, the MacArthur Justice Center brought a class action lawsuit against the City of Chicago, the Chicago Police Department, and several individual police officers for constitutional violations in connection with the use of ShotSpotter. The lawsuit alleges that more than 90% of the time police respond to a ShotSpotter alert they find no indication of a gun-related incident and instead use the alerts to justify scores of illegal stops and arrests. The lawsuit also alleges that Chicago's ShotSpotter policy is racially discriminatory because the system was only implemented in areas with the highest concentration of Black and Latino residents.

Part of ShotSpotter's appeal to privacy is that police do not know the installed locations, which theoretically could allow police to acquire conversations from the ShotSpotter microphones. Bloomberg News reported, however, that not only were the addresses given to the New York Police Department, but they relied on the police to help lobby for their installations. NYPD also stated they have also escorted ShotSpotter site survey teams. In Durham, Shotspotter wanted police officers to lobby for installations for safety and legitimacy.

ShotSpotter was activated for a shooting at the house of New Mexico Senator Linda M. Lopez; police were dispatched but did not find evidence.

Judge Jeff Beaverstock allowed a ShotSpotter alert to be used as the basis of an arrest in Mobile, Alabama.

Pasadena, California's use of ShotSpotter showed false alerts and wasted police time in a 2023 report. 75% of gunfire calls resulted in no gun casings being found, with some calls being attributed to pneumatic nail guns, fireworks, or cars backfiring.

Design
ShotSpotter's gunshot detection system utilizes a series of sensors to capture loud, impulsive sounds. When such sounds are identified, sensors send data to a pair of algorithms responsible for identifying a location and determining if the event can be classified as potential gunfire. Employees at the company are charged with confirming incidents and notifying local police.

Although it is designed to be just an investigative tool for the police, it has also been used for actual primary evidence in trials, leading to criticism about ShotSpotter's effectiveness beyond its primary purpose.

Installations

Current

 Mobile, Alabama
 Antioch, California (4 sq mi, $1.4 million sole-source five-year contract)
 Bakersfield, California
 Fresno, California
 Oakland, California
 Pasadena, California
 Sacramento, California
 San Diego, California (since 2016)
 Hartford, Connecticut
 Denver, Colorado
 District of Columbia
 Miami, Florida
 Bibb County, Georgia (7 square miles, since 2022, $2 million)
 Savannah, Georgia (since 2014)
 Chicago, Illinois (over 100 square miles, 3-year $33 million contract)
 Peoria, Illinois
 Springfield, Illinois ($450k/year, six square miles)
 Louisville, Kentucky
 Baltimore, Maryland
 Baltimore County, Maryland ($738k/3 years, 5.2 sq mi)
 Bladensburg, Maryland
 Cambridge, Maryland
 New Bedford, Massachusetts
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts
 Springfield, Massachusetts
 Detroit, Michigan ($7 million phased installation in 2022, 32 sq mi)
 Cape Girardeau, Missouri
 Omaha, Nebraska
 Las Vegas, Nevada
 Albuquerque, New Mexico ($3 million, since 2020), called a "big fat waste of money" by the police union
 Camden, New Jersey (2020)
 Newark, New Jersey (2011)
 Trenton, New Jersey (2020)
 New York City
 Rochester, New York
 Syracuse, New York
 Durham, North Carolina (pilot began in 2022, 3 square miles, $197k one-year contract)
 Cincinnati, Ohio
 Columbus, Ohio
 Mansfield, Ohio
 Youngstown, Ohio
 Warrensville Heights, Ohio
 Cleveland, Ohio ($2.8 million expansion to 13 sq mi in 2022 using American Rescue Plan Act funding)
 Toledo, Ohio
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 Aldine, Texas (5 sq mi, $780k for 3 years)
 Houston, Texas (10 sq mi, $74,000 per square mile per year)
 Virginia Beach, Virginia
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin (installed in 2010; contract renewal in March 2023)
 Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Installed in 2021; 3 sq. miles, purchased with a federal grant of almost $700k)

 Darby Borough, Pennsylvania

Pending

 Escambia County, Florida
 Pensacola, Florida
 Holyoke, Massachusetts (2 square miles, $150k/year)
 Sparks, Nevada
 Phillipsburg, New Jersey ($279k, 3.3 sq mi)
 Buffalo, New York
 Fayetteville, North Carolina (one year, $217k, 3 sq mi, starting 2022)
 York, Pennsylvania (had used it previously, in 2023 the police captain said "it was terrible, it was awful")

Declined installations
ShotSpotter has been removed or bids to install it were rejected in communities. It is considered controversial by many.

Former

 New Orleans, Louisiana (removed in 2013)
 Fall River, Massachusetts (began in 2012, cancelled in 2018 after missing gunfire events and false positives)
 Trenton, New Jersey
 Charlotte, North Carolina (began in 2012, cancelled in 2016)
 Dayton, Ohio (3 square miles, started in 2019, cancelled in 2022)
 Canton, Ohio (switched to Wi-Fiber detection in 2019)
 Cape Town, South Africa (2016–2019)
 San Antonio, Texas (cancelled in 2017)

Rejected

 Atlanta, Georgia (cancelled after trials in 2018 and 2022)
 Portland, Oregon: single-source plan was opened to other bids, then all gunshot location installations were rejected after community feedback
 Seattle, Washington: Mayor Bruce Harrell proposed spending $1 million on ShotSpotter in 2022, but in November 2022, the city council approved a budget that did not include such funding. Budget chair Teresa Mosqueda cited issues with the technology identified by other cities as the reason it was not being pursued.

References

External links

1996 establishments in California
2017 initial public offerings
Companies based in Fremont, California
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Security technology
Types of policing
Surveillance
Law enforcement
Crime prevention
Automatic identification and data capture


The President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago is generally elected from the government benches. The president chairs debates in the chamber of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, section 27). A Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Senator Nigel de Freitas.

Presidents of the Senate

Vice-Presidents of the Senate

References
https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070703/http://www.ttparliament.org/html/Pstpres.htm

President
Trinidad and Tobago, Senate

President of the Senate


The 1987 World Judo Championships were the 15th edition of the World Judo Championships, and were held in Essen, West Germany from November 19–22, 1987.

Medal overview

Men

Women

Medal table

References

External links

 Videos of fights found by de.video.search.yahoo.com

World Judo Championships
World Championships
World Championships
Sport in Essen
Judo
Judo
Judo, World Championships


Jaime Bladimir Cubías Alvarado (born Marzo 10, 1974 in San Sebastián, El Salvador) is a retired Salvadoran football player.

Club career
A rather short defender, Cubías made his debut in the Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador at 16 years, playing for FAS. He won 2 championship medals with FAS in 1996 and 1997. He also played for the other big teams in the country, Luis Ángel Firpo, Isidro Metapán, Águila and Alianza. In 2005, he terminated his contract with San Salvador F.C. after a dispute over salary payments.

International career
Nicknamed el Peluca (the wig), Cubías made his debut for El Salvador in a November 1995 friendly match against Yugoslavia and has earned a total of 25 caps, scoring 2 goals. He has represented his country in 2 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 1995 and 2001 UNCAF Nations Cups and at the 1996 and 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cups.

His final international was a January 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup match against the United States.

International goals
Scores and results list El Salvador's goal tally first.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
People from San Vicente Department
Men's association football central defenders
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
C.D. FAS footballers
C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers
A.D. Isidro Metapán footballers
C.D. Águila footballers
Alianza F.C. footballers
San Salvador F.C. footballers
A.D. Chalatenango footballers


Photoacids are molecules which become more acidic upon absorption of light. Either the light causes a photodissociation to produce a strong acid or the light causes photoassociation (such as a ring forming reaction) that leads to an increased acidity and dissociation of a proton.

There are two main types of molecules that release protons upon illumination: photoacid generators (PAGs) and photoacids (PAHs). PAGs undergo proton photodissociation irreversibly, while PAHs are molecules that undergo proton photodissociation and thermal reassociation. In this latter case, the excited state is strongly acidic, but reversible.

Photoacid generators
An example due to photodissociation is triphenylsulfonium triflate. This colourless salt consists of a sulfonium cation and the triflate anion.  Many related salts are known including those with other noncoordinating anions and those with diverse substituents on the phenyl rings.

The triphenylsulfonium salts absorb at a wavelength of 233 nm, which induces a dissociation of one of the three phenyl rings. This dissociated phenyl radical then re-combines with remaining diphenylsulfonium to liberate an H+ ion. The second reaction is irreversible, and therefore the entire process is irreversible, so triphenylsulfonium triflate is a photoacid generator. The ultimate products are thus a neutral organic sulfide and the strong acid triflic acid.

[(C6H5)3S+][CF3SO]  +  hν   →  [(C6H5)2S+.][CF3SO]  +  C6H
[(C6H5)2S+.][CF3SO]  +  C6H   →  (C6H5C6H4)(C6H5)S  +  [CF3SO][H+]

Applications of these photoacids include photolithography and catalysis of the polymerization of epoxides.

Photoacids
An example of a photoacid which undergoes excited-state proton transfer without prior photolysis is the fluorescent dye pyranine (8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonate or HPTS).

The Förster cycle was proposed by Theodor Förster and combines knowledge of the ground state acid dissociation constant (pKa), absorption, and fluorescence spectra to predict the pKa in the excited state of a photoacid.

References

Photochemistry
Lithography (microfabrication)
Microtechnology
Light-sensitive chemicals
Acids


Shiren may refer to:

Shi Ren, an official in the late Eastern Han dynasty
Kokan Shiren, a 14th-century Japanese Zen patriarch and poet
Mount Yao, formerly Mount Shiren, in Henan, China

See also

 Shiren the Wanderer, a video game series


Omission may refer to:
Omission (Catholicism), a type of sin
Omission (law), a failure to act, with legal consequences
Omission bias, a tendency to favor inaction over action
Purposeful omission, a literary method
Theory of omission, a writing technique
The Omission, a 2018 Argentine film
Selective omission, an effort to forget traumatic memories
Lying by omission


Donato Guerra is one of 125 municipalities in the State of Mexico, Mexico.  It's municipal seat is the town of Villa Donato Guerra, which is the 13th largest town in the municipality of Donato Guerra.  The area is also known as Malacatepec (meaning 'hill in the shape of a spindle) and  La Asunción Malacatepec. (Villa) Donato Guerra is located in the western part of the State of Mexico. In the region that is identified with Valle de Bravo. The town was named in 1880 in honor of Donato Guerra, a distinguished soldier of the War of La Reforma. It is located around 77 kilometers from Toluca which is the capital of the state, on Federal Highway number 35 Mexico City - Zitácuaro.

The town

Villa Donato Guerra lies at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level. The area was Mazahua territory until between 1474 and 1477 when it came under Mexica domination. It remain mostly populated by Mexicas until 1604. Franciscan friars constructed the Parish of Asuncion Malacatepec around 1550. As late as 1727, the town still had a commissioner of the Inquisition, naming lawyer Jose Bernal and Mendoza in that year. In 1770, a land and natural resources dispute arose between the towns of La Asunción Malacatepec and San Lucas Texcaltitlán, versus the owners of the haciendas of La Asunción, San Felipe Neri, Joloxtoc, and Endo. The town was formally recognized as an ayuntamiento in 1826 by the State of Mexico.

In the 2005 census, the village had only 921 people.

Villa Donato Guerra’s churches are St Martin Bishop, San Simon de la Laguna, San Francisco Mihualtepec, San Miguel Xooltepec and San Juan Xoconusco. The ruins of the Hacienda la Asuncion and Hacienda El Molino San Felipe Neri are examples of colonial constructions and are preserved as historical monuments.

The municipality
The municipality of Donato Guerra has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Cabecera de Indígenas, Primer y Segundo Cuartel, San Martín, San Antonio Hidalgo, Batán Chico, Batán Grande, Mesas Altas de Xoconusco, El Capulín, Llano Redondo, Macheros, Barrio de Arriba, La Fundición, San José Tilostóc, Galeras, Ranchería de Santiago Huitlapaltepec, San Agustín de las Palmas, San Lucas Texcaltitlán, Santiago Huitlapaltepec, San Juan Xoconusco, San Martín Obispo, San Antonio de la Laguna, San Simón de la Laguna, San Francisco Mihualtepec, San Miguel Xooltepec.

History
In 1569, the region of Malacatepec, is recognized as separate from Almoloya de Juarez. On April 8, 1604, Marques de Montesclaros by mandate of Pedro de Campos, signs the agreement that divides to the region of Malacatepec in two congregations, Asuncion Malacatepec and San José.

On October 30, 1810, the Battle of Monte de las Cruces took place with what is now the current municipality, where the forces of General Miguel Hidalgo triumphed. A number of Mazahuas took part in this battle as well with distinction.

The current municipality is officially formed in 1870.

Natural geography
Donato Guerra is located in the region known as Sierra Mil Cumbres, with the peaks of this mountain area reaching 3,040 meters above sea level. At its southern border, begins tropical terrain.

45.29% of the territory is covered by forests. The main kinds of trees are pine, cedar, eucalyptus, ash, weeping willow, and oak. These trees can be used to obtain wood. Trees that give fruit are: avocado, chirimoya, walnut, plum, capulín, tejocote etc. There are also some plants that can be used for medicinal purposes such as: epazote, chamomile, yerba buena, wormwood, arnica, juniper, clover, papalo, pig weed, and fennel.

The main mammals that can be found are rabbits, coyotes, zool deers, zool hares, squirrels, rats, tlacuaches, cacomixtles, dogs, horses, cows, and pigs.

Avian life is constituted by huilotas, carpenter birds, owls, buzzards, falcons, orn ravens, and pigeons. Reptiles such as snakes (of various species), scorpions, iguanas and lizards are found as well.

Population
In 1950, Donato Guerra  had 10,514 inhabitants.  30 years later, in 1980, it had grown to only 13,671. However, the population census of 1990 registered 21,510 inhabitants. and in the last census in 2005 the total population for the municipality was 29,621. 74.05% live in rural areas and 25.95% live in urban areas.

Economy
Since most people live in the rural areas, agriculture, both the raising of crops and livestock is the principal economic activity, with 9,016 hectares are devoted to the agricultural use. Principal livestock are cows, pigs, sheep, horses, hens, turkeys, beehives and rabbits. However, some industry exists in small factories, family workshops and craft cooperatives, clothes, shoes and bakeries.

Chronology of the municipal presidents

Name	Period	Politic partid
 Wenceslao Sáenz	1913
 Prospero María Yereno	1914-1916
 Wilebaldo Gómez	1917
 Pablo Reyes	1918
 Dario Reyes Barcenas	1919
 Antonio Usandizaga	1920
 José María Cambrón PML	1920
 Jorge Sánchez	1921
 Alberto Usandizaga PML	1921
 Jesús G. Avila	1922
 Antonio Usandizaga	1923
 Alberto Usandizaga	1924
 Anastacio R. Mendieta	1925
 José Félix Pliego	1926
 Guillermo Mendieta	1927
 Agustín Albarrán Fonseca	1928-1929	PNR
 Germán Reyes 1er. Regidor PML	1929	PNR
 Pedro Chamorro Mercado	1930-1931	PNR
 José García Argüello	1932-1933	PNR
 Agustín Albarrán Fonseca	1934-1935	PNR
 Armando Reyes J.	1936-1937	PNR
 Juan B. Bautista	1938-1939	PRM
 Jesús Mendieta 1er. Regidor PML	1939	PRM
 Manuel Reyes Muñoz	1940-1941	PRM
 José Mendieta Quintana	1942-1943	PRM
 José García Argüello	1944-1945	PRM
 Marcial Villegas Moreno	1946-1948	PRI
 Roberto Reyes Salguero PML	1948	PRI
 Jesús G. Avila	1949-1951	PRI
 Agustín Albarrán Fonseca	1952-1954	PRI
 Marcial Villegas Moreno (suplente)	1952-1954	PRI
 Lázaro Arriaga Escobar	1955-1957	PRI
 Agustín Albarrán Reyes	1958-1960	PRI
 Fidel Reyes Muñoz	1961-1963	PRI
 Roberto Reyes Salguero	1964-1966	PRI
 Agustín Albarrán Salguero	1967-1969	PRI
 Fernando Cuéllar Sánchez	1970-1972	PRI
 Arnulfo Villegas Jaramillo	1973-1975	PRI
 Santiago Avila Villegas	1976-1978	PRI
 Silvestre Torres Longares	1979-1981	PRI
 Prof. Elías Arzate Archunda	1982-1984	PRI
 Ing. Antelmo Mendieta Velázquez	1985-1987	PRI
 Arq. Héctor Jaime Sánchez García	1988-1990	PRI
 Germán Reyes García	1991-1993	PRI
 Ing. Lázaro Reyes González	1994-1996	PRI
 Arq. Jacobo Hernández Marín	1997-1998	PRI
 Prof. Ricardo Cruz Nieto PML	1998	PRI
 Prof. Mauro Noé Cuéllar Hernández 	1998-2000	PRI
 Anselmo Vega Chico	2000-2003	PRI
 Tomás Octaviano Félix	2003-2006	PRD
 Arturo Piña García	2006-2009	PRD

Ethnic groups
The Mazahuas were the first group to inhabit the region of Malacatepec. In communities such as San Martín Bishop, San Simón de la Laguna, San Antonio de la Laguna, San Francisco Mihualtepec, San Juan Soconusco, San Miguel Xooltepec and Santiago Huitlapaltepec, indigenous language, food, customs and ethnicity are still preserved. Approximately 10.224 people speak Mazahua.

Education
In Donato Guerra, there are 36 kindergartens, 38 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 1 high school, and there are 284 teachers that attend these schools. However, there are 5,728 inhabitants that have not received any schooling, of which 1,613 are children and 4,115 are adults.

References

Populated places in the State of Mexico
1861 establishments in Mexico


Malmö Flygindustri was a small aviation and car company in south Sweden which specialized in small single-propeller aircraft and various plastic objects. It was later acquired by SAAB.

Products
Aircraft
 MFI-9
 MFI-10 Vipan
 BA-12 Sländan
 BA-14 Starling
 Saab Safari

Automobiles
 Saab Sonett

References

Aircraft manufacturers of Sweden


San Felipe del Progreso is a municipality in the northwest of the State of Mexico. The municipal seat and third largest town is the town of San Felipe del Progreso.  It is in the western part of the state, 59 km from the state capital of Toluca and 72 km southwest of Atlacomulco. In colonial times, the village was founded as "San Felipe" or "San Felipe Ixtlahuaca". Later it was called "San Felipe el Grande" and "San Felipe del Obraje". In the second half of the 19th century, it received its current name of "San Felipe del Progreso."

The town
There is indication of Mazahua presence in the area from the seventh century.  However, they were constantly besieged by neighboring peoples.  This area was conquered in 1379 by the Purépecha chiefs Acamapichtli and Tezozómoc.  The area came under Aztec rule when  Axayácatl during his campaign to reach Tlalchimaloyan, now Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán in 1474 and remained under Tenochtitlan's rule until the Spanish Conquest.

The Spanish took over the area around 1552, calling it “San Felipe el Grande”. By the time of the Mexican War of Independence, when the priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla came to the town, it was known as “San Felipe del Obraje”. On January 1, 1826, San Felipe del Obraje was declared a municipality and on October 13, 1877, the village was renamed San Felipe del Progreso.

The population of the town as of 2005 was 4,001.

The municipality
The municipality has a territory of 856.05 km2, and a population in 2005 of 100,201. 24,723 of the municipality's inhabitants speak a native language, mainly Mazahua. The  male to female ratio of the town is 48% - 52%

The municipality borders the municipalities of Tlalpujahua, El Oro, Jocotitlán, San José del Rincón, Villa Victoria, Almoloya de Juárez and Ixtlahuaca. The municipality of San José del Rincón was created from the western part of San Felipe del Progreso in 2002.

Geography
The predominant weather is mild with rain in the summer. The annual temperature varies between 12 and 18 degrees Celsius, with extremes of 2C and 28C.  The rainy season is in July, August and September.  In February and March, it is windy, while in December, January, and in February and March there can be some frost.  In April and May temperatures are moderately warm.

Despite heavy logging, the municipality is heavily forested. Trees here include: oyamel, cedar, pine, holm oak, strawberry trees, oaks, and ocote. Animals in the wild include: coyotes, tigrillos, vipers, chameleons, buzzards, eagles, badgers, foxes, weasels, squirrels, ferrets, moles, ducks, barn owls, hares, rabbits, armadillos, skunks, tlacuaches, wildcats, quail and turtledoves. There is an area closest to the border with Michoacan that has been set aside as a monarch butterfly sanctuary for their annual migration south in the winter.  Unfortunately, much of this habitat was destroyed in a 1997 forest fire; however, the municipality has worked since then to rehabilitate the area.

Culture
The predominant religion is Catholicism with 90 percent of the communities. There are some exceptions like San Agustin Mextepec and Mayorazgo where Protestant communities live together.

There are 50 grade schools in the territory which have 4858 students.  There are four high schools or preparatory schools which have 1014 students. There are only one level with specialization in primary education and 165 students. 26.41% of the population over 15 years are illiterate. There is an intercultural community college founded in 2004 called the UIEM, or the Universidad Intercultural Estado de Mexico, that specializes in indigenous language and culture, as well as intercultural health and communication.

The Mazahua Ceremonial Center is located between Santa Ana Nichi-Fresno and Nichi-San Antonio de las Huertas. It is visited regularly, but especially on the first Sunday of each month. The ethnic Mazahua conduct their rituals and practice their customs, attracting tourism, both national and international to the area. There is a tourist centre with playground equipment, 96 white-tailed deer, 35 Andes cattle and other interesting animals. There are also a heliport, a museum, a craft center, board rooms, auditorium outdoors, craft workshops and roadways with beautiful flowers and plants among a forest of pines and oyameles.

Economic activities

Agriculture is the basic activity of San Felipe, growing corn, potato, zacaton, beans, tomatoes, squash, wheat, oats, and barley are grown. Live-stock includes cattle, sheep, horses, poultry and rabbits, but these are strictly for auto-consumption.

There are a large number of sawmills with licenses to cut wood. There is a deposit of tezontle which is administered by the government of San Felipe. There are quarry deposits that have not been exploited, like sandbars, tepojal, etc.

References

Municipalities of the State of Mexico
Populated places in the State of Mexico
Mazahua settlements


The 1953 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1953 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Art Lewis, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 8–2 with a mark of 4–0 in conference play, winning the SoCon title. West Virginia was invited to the Sugar Bowl, where the Mountaineers lost to Georgia Tech, 42–19.

Schedule

Roster

References

West Virginia
West Virginia Mountaineers football seasons
Southern Conference football champion seasons
West Virginia Mountaineers football


The 1881 Worcester Worcesters finished with a 32–50 record, last place in the National League.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1881 Worcester Worcesters season at Baseball Reference

Worcester Ruby Legs seasons
Worcester Ruby Legs season
Worcester


Maharajah Jai Singh may refer to:

Jai Singh I (1611 – 1667), ruler of the kingdom of Amber (later called Jaipur)
Jai Singh II of Amber (1688 - 1743), ruler of the kingdom of Amber (later called Jaipur)


One 1958 Plymouth Sedan v. Pennsylvania, 380 U.S. 693 (1965), was a Supreme Court of the United States case handed down in 1965. The Court ruled that civil forfeiture could not apply where the evidence used to invoke the forfeiture was obtained illegally.

Some police officers followed the suspect vehicle, and pulled over the car because it was "riding low". Without a warrant, they searched the trunk and found untaxed liquor. The car was seized, and the state also attempted to confiscate the automobile in question as a civil penalty. The Court ruled unanimously that the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, held applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment, applies to civil actions by the states as well as criminal ones, noting that one could be subject to an even worse penalty in a civil proceeding, where the value of the items being forfeited might be more than the maximum possible fine in a criminal case.

The form of the styling of this case—the plaintiff being an object, rather than a legal person—is because this is a jurisdiction in rem (power over objects) case, rather than the more familiar in personam (over persons) case.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 380
United States v. Article Consisting of 50,000 Cardboard Boxes More or Less, Each Containing One Pair of Clacker Balls
United States v. $124,700 in U.S. Currency
United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins

External links

1965 in United States case law
United States civil forfeiture case law
United States Fourth Amendment case law
United States in rem cases
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Plymouth (automobile)


Gius is a surname that appears to be associated with Italy, specifically the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region that was annexed by Italy from Austria-Hungary in 1919.  Anecdotal evidence suggests that the native pronunciation of the surname was similar to "juice" and that at least one Americanization of the surname was pronounced "guy—us".

The Gius surname is shared by several notable people:
 Julius Gius (1911–1996), an American newspaper editor
 Nicole Gius (born 1980), an Italian alpine skier
 Augusto Giustozzi, popularly known as Gius (1927–2001), an Argentine screenwriter, cartoonist, lyricist and playwright.

Distribution
The "Gius" surname has a small presence in both the United States and England based on historical census records.  New York City passenger ship manifests from 1880 to 1891 indicate a slow trickle of immigration during the period punctuated by a many-fold spike in 1890.  The US Census of 1880 shows a concentration of persons sharing the "Gius" surname in Pennsylvania and South Carolina.  The contemporaneous 1891 Census of the United Kingdom shows a concentration of "Gaius" families in the county of Essex on the eastern coast of England.  Forty years later, in the US Census of 1920, a dispersal of the surname across fourteen states (including Alaska) had taken place.

References


Bounce is a 2003 jazz album by American jazz musician Terence Blanchard, released by Blue Note Records.

Background
Bounce is the Blue Note recording debut of trumpeter and composer Terence Blanchard. The album is a mix of the sounds of Africa, Brazil and America, with the styles of swing, hard bop, free form, groove and early 70's fusion. The Grammy Award winner Terence Blanchard is the musician who in the 1980s played the trumpet for bands led by jazz luminaries Lionel Hampton and Art Blakey. Blanchard also wrote music scores for films such as Spike Lee's Jungle Fever (1991), Clockers (1995), 4 Little Girls (1997), 25th Hour (2003), and the highly acclaimed Malcolm X (1992).

Reception
Thom Jurek of Allmusic stated "Remarkable. Ultimately, Bounce is the most perfectly paced of all of Blanchard's recordings. He divides his time between tempos, but always comes back to silence to ground himself and begin over. In terms of his lyrical lines, they have never been in a sense more simple or more sophisticated (check out the blissed-out harmonics in "Innocence"), where the individual players become identified by their ensemble contributions first and then as soloists. Mr. Blanchard's own soling has never been more restrained or more profound. In his economy of phrase, entire sound worlds become evident that were never noticeable before. On Bounce, Blanchard proves that he is the trumpet player, composer, and bandleader who is moving jazz, albeit at his own pace, in new directions that encompass both a new look at Western musical systems and never leave the human heart out of the equation. This is his masterpiece thus far and a high-water mark for anybody else to follow."

John Murph of JazzTimes noted 'For the most, on Bounce, Blanchard leads an ensemble that recalls those of one of his mentors, Art Blakey... Ultimately though, it’s Blanchard, who shines brightest. His succinct solos are always filled with the right amount of rhythmic crackle and subtle nuance. Whether he’s firing off searing notes that seem to scrap the clouds, as on “On the Verge,” “Azania” or “Fred Brown,” or lowering the flames to candlelight flicker as on “Nocturna,” his solos gleam with clarity, emotional poignancy and rhythmic punch. In other words, they bounce."

Track listing

Personnel
 Terence Blanchard - trumpet
 Lionel Loueke - vocals, guitar
 Brice Winston - soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone
 Aaron Parks - piano
 Robert Glasper - piano, organ
 Brandon Owens - bass
 Eric Harland - drums

Chart performance

References

2003 albums
Terence Blanchard albums
Blue Note Records albums


The Hotel Bossert is a historic hotel in Brooklyn, New York. Opened in 1909, it was bought by the Jehovah's Witnesses in 1983 and used by them until 2012, when it was sold for conversion back to a hotel. The conversion work has stalled multiple times since then and the hotel has remained vacant. The Bossert was once known as "the Waldorf-Astoria of Brooklyn". It was the site of the celebration of the Brooklyn Dodgers' only World Series championship.

History

Early years

The hotel was built in 1909 by Louis Bossert, a Brooklyn lumber magnate, at 98 Montague Street in Brooklyn Heights. It had an Italian Renaissance Revival-style exterior. It was designed as an apartment hotel.   The architects were Helmle & Huberty.

During the 1920s, the Hotel Bossert was known for its Marine Roof, a two-level restaurant on the roof of the 14-story building that provided diners with a commanding view of Manhattan. Popular bandleader Freddy Martin initially gained popularity through a lengthy stint performing at the Marine Roof in the early 1930s. Some of his earliest commercial recordings, which pioneered the 'tenor band' style of sweet dance music, were credited only as the 'Hotel Bossert Orchestra'.

The hotel drew some attention in November, 1945, when Charles Armijo Woodruff, the 11th Governor of American Samoa, committed suicide by hanging himself in his room there.  Just one month later, former Congressman Thomas F. Magner also died in the hotel.

In the 1950s, the Bossert was the home of several Brooklyn Dodger players. Following the Brooklyn Dodgers' win over the New York Yankees in the 1955 World Series, Dodgers fans gathered in the Bossert lobby and serenaded Dodgers' manager Walter Alston with "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow".

Purchase by Watchtower and restoration
In 1983, the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York began leasing space in the Bossert for use by Jehovah's Witnesses. The Society bought the hotel in 1988. It required extensive restoration according to the Landmarks Preservation Commission standards for the historic district. The famed Marine Roof had collapsed, and a new roof had to be built. Also, the lobby was in poor condition, and over  of the marble had to be replaced. Watchtower went to the original quarry to replace it. That effort garnered praise and awards.

In late January 2008, the Society announced it would sell the building. The sale was conducted through a private-bidding process, which took nearly five years. One local realtor (Arlene Waye of Awaye Realty) estimated that the building would sell for about $100 million. Judi Stanton, the president of the Brooklyn Heights Association, remarked that “The Witnesses have done an exquisite job in maintaining the building." Timothy King, a senior partner at Massey Knakal Realty Services Brooklyn, agreed calling the hotel "one of the most unique and most well-maintained trophy assets in Brooklyn."  He continued, "The Watchtower organization is well known for impeccable maintenance standards and the Bossert reflects this level of care. It will be a challenge for a new owner to run the building with the same level of care and attention to detail."

Late in 2012, the Bossert was sold for $81 million to David Bistricer of Clipper Equity and Joseph Chetrit of the Chetrit Group, who planned to turn it into a boutique hotel with around 300 rooms. Multiple announced opening dates have come and gone since then. In May 2022, it was reported that the structure faced foreclosure, after the Chetrit Group defaulted on a $112 million mortgage. In September 2022, it was reported that the vacant hotel had been foreclosed and would be auctioned. In March 2023, it was reported that the scaffolding that had covered the hotel's lower facade for two and a half years, had been removed. It was also reported that hoteliers Ian Schrager and Ed Scheetz were seeking to partner with the Chetrit Group to reopen the hotel as part of their Public Hotels chain.

Barbara Cooney was born in the hotel, which was built by her maternal grandfather.

References

Hotels in Brooklyn
Italian Renaissance Revival architecture in the United States
Brooklyn Heights
Hotels established in 1909
Hotel buildings completed in 1909


Lancer (2021 population: ) is a special service area in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Miry Creek No. 229 and Census Division No. 8. It held village status between 1913 and 2022.

History
Lancer incorporated as a village on September 11, 1913. It restructured on August 1, 2022, relinquishing its village status in favour of becoming a special service area under the jurisdiction of the Rural Municipality of Miry Creek No. 229.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lancer had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, Lancer had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, an  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan

References

Special service areas in Saskatchewan
Miry Creek No. 229, Saskatchewan
Division No. 8, Saskatchewan


The 1954 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1954 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Art Lewis, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 8–1 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, winning the SoCon title for the second consecutive season.

Schedule

Roster

References

West Virginia
West Virginia Mountaineers football seasons
Southern Conference football champion seasons
West Virginia Mountaineers football


Gary Kaplan (born January 5, 1959 in New York) is the founder of BetonSports.com (BoS), an online sports betting company which took in wagers amounting to nearly $4 billion from 2002 and 2004, 98 percent of which came from the United States. In 2004, BoS went public on the London Stock Exchange.

Early life and career
Kaplan was raised in Brooklyn, New York and dropped out of high school. He is of Jewish descent. In 1993, after he moving from New York to South Florida, he noticed how bookies would fly to the Caribbean where gambling was legal to place bets for American bettors.

Soon after, he founded his own sports book doing the same. In 1995, he moved to San José, Costa Rica where he met Norm "Stormin' Norman" Steinberg, operator of the Millennium Sportsbook. A consummate gambler, Steinberg lost heavily and settled his obligations to Kaplan, gave up his extensive customer list.

Instead of relying on word-of-mouth to obtain customers, the norm in the industry, Kaplan implemented an extensive marketing campaign buying full-page ads in mainstream publications including Maxim magazine and Pro Football Weekly, on sports radio such as The Jim Rome Show, leased billboards, and sent out promotional mail. He created 100s of websites as gamblers were superstitious often not returning to a website where they lost money. The business was so successful that his sister, Lori Kaplan Multz, and brother, Neil Kaplan, soon joined him in Costa Rica.

BoS booked $1.09 billion in bets in 2001 increasing to $1.23 billion in 2002, and $1.24 billion 2003. In 2000, he hired British citizen David Carruthers as CEO and after initially failing to float the company on the London Stock Exchange, they were successful in  July 2004.

On July 17, 2006 the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri office, citing the Federal Wire Act of 1961, which prohibits the use of a wire communication facility to transmit bets across state or foreign borders, issued a 22 count indictment for Gary Kaplan and eight others, including David Carruthers. Other violations noted in the indictment included Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, interstate transportation of gambling paraphernalia, interference with the administration of Internal Revenue Service laws and tax evasion.  Nine months later he was arrested in the Dominican Republic and Interpol transferred him to U.S. custody.

Kaplan retained attorneys Alan Dershowitz, Chris Flood, and Dick DeGuerin. In April 2009, Carruthers reached a plea bargain with prosecutors in exchange for a reduced sentence. Carruthers has agreed to cooperate with authorities and testify against Kaplan and others still facing charges.

In August 2009, Kaplan reached a plea deal with authorities. He has been sentenced to 4 years in jail.

Personal life
Kaplan is married to Holly Hoeffner and they have two children.

See also
David Carruthers
Jay S. Cohen
Peter Dicks
Neteller
Nigel Payne
Safe Port Act

References

Living people
1959 births
American casino industry businesspeople
American people of Jewish descent


Sports in Indianapolis include major league franchises, collegiate athletics, and a variety of other club and individual sporting events that have taken place in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Indianapolis is the home to 11 professional sports teams. The city is also home to three National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate teams. Two teams from the four major American leagues, the Indianapolis Colts and Indiana Pacers, are located in Indianapolis.

A number of minor league-level teams also play in the city. The Indiana Fever Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) started play in 2000, and are under the same ownership as the Pacers NBA team. The Indianapolis Indians are the second oldest Minor League Baseball team, having played in the city since 1902, and are currently members of the Triple-A International League. The Indianapolis AlleyCats were formed in 2012 as one of the founding teams of the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL). The Indy Eleven soccer team began play in 2014 and are members of the United Soccer League (USL).

Notably, Indianapolis is the headquarters of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the main governing body for U.S. collegiate sports,   the National Federation of State High School Associations, and the Indianapolis 500, one of three legs of the Triple Crown of Motorsport.

Major League teams in Indianapolis

Indianapolis Colts (NFL)

The Indianapolis Colts are a professional American football based in Indianapolis. The team is part of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Colts have won five NFL Championships, including two Super Bowl titles. The Colts relocated from Baltimore in 1984, and began their stay in Indianapolis winning 90 of 228 games through the 1997 season, including 5 playoff games. Since Jim Irsay assumed control of the franchise in 1998 after the death of his father Robert Irsay, the team has become the first in league history to win 12 games or more in five consecutive seasons (2003–2007). After their first playoff berth in Indianapolis in 1987, they missed the playoffs 7 consecutive years. In 1995 the Colts made it to their 1st AFC Championship Game since relocating but lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers on a last-second play. In 1998 GM Bill Polian drafted Peyton Manning out of Tennessee helping to turn the franchise around. Since drafting Manning the Colts have made the playoffs in 10 of 12 years and won Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears in 2006, 29–17. Lucas Oil Stadium opened before the 2008 season, replacing the RCA Dome, as the new home of the Colts.

Indiana Pacers (NBA)

The Indiana Pacers are a professional basketball team based in Indianapolis. The team is part of Central Division in National Basketball Association (NBA). The Pacers began play in the ABA in 1967 and won 3 ABA Championships. In 1976 the Pacers received an invitation to join the National Basketball Association. In the 1987 NBA draft the Pacers selected Reggie Miller out of UCLA. Miller helped the team to make the playoffs 14 out of 17 seasons. To start the 1998–99 NBA season they opened their new arena, Conseco Fieldhouse, now Gainbridge Fieldhouse, after playing at Market Square Arena for 25 years. The Pacers reached their first and only NBA Finals in that same season but lost to the Lakers in 6 games. During the 2004–2005 season the Pacers–Pistons brawl took place in Detroit and the team has struggled with their off the court image with numerous incidents. Reggie Miller retired the same season. Since then the Pacers missed the playoffs in 2007, the first time since 1997 and for only the second time in 22 years.

Minor League teams in Indianapolis

Indiana Fever (WNBA)
The Indiana Fever are a professional women's basketball team based in Indianapolis. The team is part of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). The Fever were one of the 2000 expansion teams. The WNBA awarded Indianapolis a team with the opening of Conseco Fieldhouse, now Gainbridge Fieldhouse. The Fever won their 1st game in Miami, against the Miami Sol, on national TV but finished the 2000 season in last place at 9–23 and received the 3rd overall pick in the 2001 WNBA draft. In the draft the Fever selected Tennessee superstar Tamika Catchings, although she was forced to sit out the 2001 season with a knee injury. Catchings won the 2002 WNBA Rookie of the Year and has led the Fever in points, rebounds, assists, and steals each season since. They first made the playoffs in 2002 but lost to the New York Liberty in 3 games. Since 2005 the Fever have posted four 21+ win seasons and made it to the Eastern Conference Finals three times. They reached the WNBA Finals for the first time in 2009, losing to the Phoenix Mercury three games to two. The Fever reached the WNBA Finals for the second time in 2012, and the team defeated the Minnesota Lynx three games to one to win their first WNBA Title.

Indianapolis Indians

The Indianapolis Indians are a minor league baseball team based in Indianapolis. The team, which plays in the International League, is the AAA affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Indians play at Victory Field, located in downtown Indianapolis.

Founded in 1902, the Indianapolis Indians are the second-oldest minor league franchise in professional sports, behind only the Rochester Red Wings.

In 1985, a group of local investors formed Indianapolis Baseball, Inc. to pursue a Major League Baseball team. The announcement was met with great fanfare; 12,000 season tickets were sold in anticipation of the new team, to be named the Indianapolis Arrows. The initiative was ultimately unsuccessful and season ticket holders were refunded by the end of the year.

Indy Eleven
Indy Eleven is a second-tier soccer team formed in 2013 and plays at the IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium in Indianapolis. The team competed in the North American Soccer League from 2014 to 2017. They won their first honor during the 2016 season, capturing the Spring Season Championship with an undefeated record. They almost were the NASL Champions, barely losing to the New York Cosmos 4–2 in a penalty shoot-out (0–0 after 90 minutes) during Soccer Bowl 2016. They made a bid in 2017 to join top-tier Major League Soccer as a 2020 expansion team but were passed over at that time. In 2018, the Eleven joined the USL Championship, the second highest division.

Indy Fuel
The Indy Fuel is a minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL, the third tier of professional hockey in North America. The franchise was founded in 2013 and has been affiliated with the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks since the Fuel's foundation.

Top Tier Amateur teams in Indianapolis

Collegiate sports
Indianapolis has three universities that field teams in the NCAA, Butler University (Butler Bulldogs) and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI Jaguars) in Division 1 and the University of Indianapolis in Division 2. Butler is a member of the Big East Conference and IUPUI is a member of Horizon League. The Marian University Knights compete in the NAIA.

Motorsports

Indianapolis Motor Speedway hosts one of the most famous and prestigious auto races, the Indianapolis 500. It is the world's most attended single-day sporting event. Also during May before the Indianapolis 500 the Speedway also uses the road course to run the
IndyCar Grand Prix. Both races are a part of the IndyCar Series. The Speedway also hosts NASCAR's Brickyard 400, and a round of the Red Bull Air Race. It has also previously hosted rounds on the Formula 1 and Moto GP calendars with, United States Grand Prix from 2000 to 2007, and Red Bull Indianapolis GP from 2008 to 2015 respectively.

Indianapolis is also the central base of many successful IndyCar racing teams. These include Andretti Autosport, Chip Ganassi Racing, Ed Carpenter Racing, and Arrow McLaren.

Events hosted

Indianapolis has gained a reputation within the last thirty years for being a strong city for hosting major sporting events.  While racing has been a major focus of the city for more than one hundred years, different sports, such as swimming and basketball, have become major focal points of the Indianapolis sports hosting landscape.

NCAA Championships
Indianapolis has a special connection with college sports, as it is the headquarters of the NCAA and the home of the NCAA Hall of Fame.  It has also hosted a wide variety of Division I NCAA national championship Events.

Indianapolis has hosted the Men's and Women's NCAA Final Fours, as well as other rounds of the NCAA basketball tournament, several times. Currently, Indianapolis has hosted the second most Men's Final Fours hosted, with eight.  Indianapolis is scheduled to host its ninth Final Four in 2026.  Kansas City currently has the most with ten.  Indianapolis is currently tied for hosting the most Women's Final Fours, with New Orleans and Tampa Bay.

 Men's Basketball

Women's Basketball

Fencing

Rowing

Men's Swimming and Diving

The Indiana University Natatorium has hosted 13 individual Olympic Trials. Eighteen individual swimming world records have been broken at the Natatorium, with swimmers such as Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte having made multiple appearances at the facility. Most recently, the Natatorium hosted the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships where several American and US Open records were broken.

Women's Swimming and Diving

Indoor Track and Field

Outdoor Track and Field

Women's Volleyball

Men's Water Polo

Women's Water Polo

College Football Playoff

On November 1, 2017, it was announced that Indianapolis would host the 2022 College Football Playoff Championship Game at Lucas Oil Stadium, which will serve as the conclusion to the 2021 football season.  This is the first time Indianapolis has hosted any iteration of the college football championship.  It is also the first time that a college football national championship game will be held outside of the South or West.

Big Ten Basketball tournament
Conseco Fieldhouse will host the Big Ten men's tournament for five straight years starting in 2008 after it won the Big Ten bid over Chicago and the United Center. Indianapolis has also hosted the Big Ten women's tournament every year except 2001 since it started in 1995.

Horizon League Basketball tournament
Indianapolis became an irregular home of the Horizon League men's basketball tournament, as Butler commonly was the first overall seed, thus making Hinkle Fieldhouse a common host for the semifinals and finals.  Starting in 2020, Indiana Farmers Coliseum became the contractual home of the tournament.

Big Ten Football Championship Game
In 2011, following the reorganization of the Big Ten Conference into two divisions and the creation of the Big Ten Football Championship Game, Indianapolis was selected to indefinitely host the event in Lucas Oil Stadium.  The game is the culmination of the Big Ten football season, in which the East and West Division champions meet to determine who gets an automatic New Year's Six Bowl berth, typically being the Rose Bowl.  However, due to the high level of play in the conference, a College Football Playoff berth is often on the line.

Indianapolis Tennis Championships
From 1988 to 2009, Indianapolis hosted a lower level tennis tournament, being classified as an ATP World Tour 250 series event.  It was held at the now demolished Indianapolis Tennis Center, which was located on the campus of Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI).  Except for its first year, which featured clay courts, every edition of the tournament was played on hard court as an early lead-up event to the U.S. Open.  Despite it being a lesser points event, it commonly attracted major players, such as Grand Slam champions Boris Becker, Patrick Rafter, John McEnroe, Andy Roddick, and Pete Sampras.  Pete Sampras won the event three times, which is the most of any men's single player.

Motorsports
Indianapolis has its original roots in hosting large events in the Indianapolis 500, held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.  Started in 1911, it quickly became among the most prestigious and famous races in the world.  It remains the crown jewel of the IndyCar series.  The Indianapolis Motor Speedway has since added several other events, including NASCAR's Brickyard 400, IndyCar's IndyCar Grand Prix, and the Red Bull Air Race of Indianapolis.  The Lucas Oil Raceway, formerly O'Reilly Raceway Park, has also been home to various racing events, most notably the NHRA U.S. Nationals, widely considered the most prestigious drag racing event in the world.

Car Racing

Motorcycle Racing

Aircraft Racing

Super Bowl
Lucas Oil Stadium and the city of Indianapolis made a bid to host Super Bowl XLV in 2011 but lost to Dallas and Cowboys Stadium by only two NFL Owner votes. However, the city made another bid to host Super Bowl XLVI and managed to beat out Houston, Texas and Phoenix for the rights to host the Super Bowl.  Super Bowl XLVI is widely considered to have been hosted extremely well.  NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that Indianapolis may be a contender for future Super Bowls.

NFL Combine
A few years after the Colts relocated and made Indianapolis its new home, their stadium was utilized for the NFL Combine, a week-long showcase for college football players hoping to get drafted into the NFL.  From 1987 to 2008, the events were held as the RCA Dome.  Starting in 2009, the NFL Combine moved to the new Lucas Oil Stadium.  Coaches, general managers, and other front office management members from all 32 teams report to the city in February to assess young players.  This is the largest single opportunity for the teams to evaluate potential draftees before the NFL Draft in April.

All-Star Games
Indianapolis has hosted several all-star games of various leagues.  They hosted the ABA all-star game twice, the NBA game once, and the Triple-A all star game once.  Indianapolis is currently scheduled to host the NBA All-Star Game again in 2024.

ABA All-Star Game

NBA All-Star Game

Triple-A All-Star Game

ECHL All-Star Game

ABA and NBA Finals
In both the ABA and NBA, the championship series is hosted by the two teams that have advanced to the round, as opposed to the event being awarded prior to the teams being determined, like the Super Bowl.  The Indiana Pacers have brought a championship series to Indianapolis multiple times in their history.  While still playing in the ABA, from 1968 through 1976, Indianapolis were a partial host of the ABA Finals five times.  The Pepsi Coliseum hosted the first four, in 1969, 1970, 1972, and 1973.  Madison Square Garden was the Pacers' home for 1975, which would be their last appearance in the ABA Finals.  Overall, Indianapolis hosted 13 ABA Finals games, more than any other city.  Despite the high level of success of the Pacers during this era and the high number of games, the championship series never ended in Indianapolis, instead always being closed at the alternative team's arena.  Following the absorption of the ABA into the more established NBA, the Pacers began competing for the NBA Championship.  Indianapolis has only hosted one NBA Finals, in 2000.  This time, the games were played in Conseco Fieldhouse, the new home of the Pacers.  The city hosted games 3, 4, and 5, with the Pacers winning the first and last of those games while losing the middle.  Fittingly, the series was closed out in the other city, Los Angeles.

ABA Finals

NBA Finals

WNBA Finals
In the same style as the NBA, the WNBA Finals are only hosted by Indianapolis when the local team, the Fever, make it to the championship round.  This has occurred three times, in 2009, 2012, and 2015.  Conseco Fieldhouse has been home to all of these events, hosting a total of six games.  In each Finals, they have hosted games 3 and 4.  In 2012, the Fever won the championship in game 4 of the WNBA Finals, making it the first, and to date only, professional basketball championship to be clinched in Indianapolis.

Bold denotes a team that clinched the WNBA Championship with the conclusion of the game.

Pan American Games
Indianapolis also hosted the Pan American Games in 1987. Over 4,000 athletes from 38 nations participated in 30 sports at these games.

FIBA World Championships
Indianapolis hosted sixteen international basketball teams at the 2002 FIBA World Championship, which went from August 29 to September 8, 2002.  This was the fourteenth edition of the event.  It was the first, and to date only, time that the United States has hosted the event.  The tournament consisted of 62 games.  25 games were held in the RCA Dome, while Conseco Fieldhouse hosted 37 games, including the championship game.  The tournament culminated with the now defunct Yugoslavia national team winning the title, their second consecutive.  Dirk Nowitzki of the German team was named the tournament MVP.  Ironically, the American team, led by head coach George Karl, had their worst showing at the FIBA World Championships, finishing with a 6–3 record and a sixth-place overall finish.

Golf
Indianapolis has played host to many major golf tournaments. Crooked Stick Golf Club, located in the Indianapolis suburb of Carmel, Indiana, has hosted several events, most notably the 1991 PGA Championship. Other events include the 1993 U.S. Women's Open and the BMW Championship in 2012 and 2016. The Brickyard Crossing Course, partially contained within the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, hosted a Champions Tour event from 1994 to 2000, and will host an LPGA event starting in 2017.

Mini-Marathon
Since 1977, Indianapolis has hosted a mini-marathon during the month of May, usually the first weekend of the month.  It serves as a lead-up event for the Indianapolis 500.  The event, currently called the OneAmerica 500 Festival Mini-Marathon, is the largest mini-marathon in America, and the seventh largest running event in the country.  It is known for selling out the entire field on a regular basis, having sold out every spot since 2001.
The 13.1 mile course starts in downtown Indianapolis, includes a lap around the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and then ends with a return to downtown Indianapolis.  Gary Romesser currently has the most wins at the event, having won the race in 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, and 1991.

Amateur sports

Indianapolis teams
The Indianapolis Tornados are a Men's AAA minor league football team of the Premier Amateur Football League-Tier 1
The Indiana Speed are a women's football team of Women's Football Alliance.
The F. C. Indiana (NPSL) are a soccer team of the National Premier Soccer League.
The Indianapolis Braves are a soccer team of the National Premier Soccer League.
The F. C. Indiana (WPSL) are a soccer team of the WPSL Elite League.
The Indianapolis Impalas are a Division 1 rugby team of USA Rugby.
The Indy Eleven Women are a soccer team set to begin play in the USL W League inaugural season.

Ice hockey
The Indiana Ice played in the United States Hockey League, an amateur junior ice hockey league for players age 20 and younger. They played the majority of their home games at the Fairgrounds Coliseum, located in the Indiana State Fairgrounds in Indianapolis before going dormant after the 2013–14 season. Some of its home games were also played at Conseco Fieldhouse. The president of the Ice is Paul Skjodt. The Ice filled a hockey void left by the Indianapolis Ice franchise that existed from 1988 to 2004 when they relocated to Topeka.

Cricket
Cricket is a street-level sport among the South Asian communities that live in Indianapolis. Indianapolis mayor Greg Ballard identified the international appeal of cricket after his trip to South Africa, where he watched an Indian Premier League game that had been relocated to South Africa due to terrorist tensions in India during 2009 season. He initiated construction of the Indianapolis World Sports Park and its cricket stadium to make the city a global venue for cricket games. Cricket is a popular sport among Indian and South Asian communities and Ballard said that the city has a large enough South Asian community to start a cricket village. The plans for the stadium were started in 2009. Indianapolis has one club, Cricket Club of Indianapolis, that is registered with USACA. Multiple local amateur teams play with tennis balls in central Indiana, including ones in Bloomington, Carmel, Columbus, Fishers, Fort Wayne, Kokomo, West Lafayette, and also downtown at the IUPUI campus. Indiana (Youth) cricket (INYCA) with USYCA FREE cricket equipment and education program is expanding youth and school cricket in Indiana schools and colleges. Jatin Patel of USYCA and founder of the USA Center for Excellence in Cricket introduced the nation's first cricket coaching certification program for physical education teachers in Indiana schools during 2012. INYCA is targeting a future inter-school cricket tournament. The Indianapolis World Sports Park cricket ground is the home of the ICC Americas Cricket Combine – team to play in the WICB's Nagico Super50 and 2015 ICC Americas Twenty20 Division One.

Hurling
Hurling is a summer sport played among Irish communities in Indianapolis. Indianapolis Gaelic Athletic Association, formerly Indy Hurling Club, has been playing hurling in Indianapolis since 2002, and began competing on a national level in 2007. Indy GAA plays a summer co-ed hurling league, but also fields a team to compete in Gaelic Football and Camogie (female hurling) at the USGAA Championships every Labor Day weekend. Indy GAA has several national championships, and is sponsored by local businesses around the city.

Little League baseball and softball
Little League, founded in 1939 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, opened its Central Region Headquarters in Indianapolis in 1989. Since 2011, the Little League Central Region Headquarters has hosted tournaments for the 11–12 age group to determine the Central Region representatives for the Little League Baseball World Series in Williamsport and the Little League Softball World Series in Portland, Oregon. The Reuben F. Glick Little League Center is located on 9802 E. Little League Drive in Indianapolis and provides operation support to the 13 states located within the Central Region.

Defunct teams

Indianapolis ABCs
Indianapolis Athletics
Indiana Blast
Indiana Blaze
Indianapolis Blues
Indianapolis Capitals
Indianapolis Capitols
Indianapolis Checkers
Indianapolis Chiefs
Indianapolis Clowns
Indianapolis Daredevils
Indiana Firebirds
Indianapolis Hoosiers (American Association)
Indianapolis Hoosiers (National League)
Indianapolis Hoosiers (Federal League)
Indianapolis Ice
Indianapolis Jets
Indianapolis Olympians
Indianapolis Racers
Indiana Speed (WFA)
Indiana Twisters

See also
Sport in Indiana
List of baseball parks in Indianapolis

References


Hilton, Angus, may refer to two villages in Scotland:
Hilton (Lintrathen), Angus, Bridgend of Lintrathen
Hilton (Inverkeilor), Angus, Inverkeilor


The Golden Gate Raptor Observatory (GGRO) is a long-term program of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy in cooperation with the National Park Service. The GGRO's mission is to study migrating birds of prey along the Pacific coast and to inspire the preservation of raptor populations in California.  Established in 1985, it is located in the Marin Headlands, just north of San Francisco, California. The Raptor Observatory operates under the philosophy that incorporating citizens into the process of gathering scientific data will deepen long-term conservation results.  Consequently, the organization's small staff is supported by the work of 280+ highly trained volunteers, coming from all different disciplines.  The GGRO publishes an annual report, contributes annual results to national databases, and collaborates on various research projects with local universities.

Location
The GGRO programs center around Hawk Hill, one of the highest points (940 feet elevation) immediately above the Golden Gate on the north sides, in Marin County. This publicly accessible site, a center-point of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, offers visitors a spectacular vista of the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as the best view of the autumn hawk migration.

While moving toward the Marin peninsula's southern tip in the Headlands, the "front" of migrating raptors is squeezed by San Francisco Bay on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west.  A preference for flying over land keeps many hawks from readily flying over open water. Consequently, many raptors end up flying over Hawk Hill as they negotiate the two-mile gap to San Francisco, creating a raptor migration thoroughfare.

Visiting
Limited parking is available at the base of Hawk Hill. Visitors can walk a short (0.15 mile), but steep route or take a longer (0.25 mile), less steep path to reach the summit of Hawk Hill.

Programs

The GGRO has three ways of monitoring the fall migration of raptors: hawk counting (Hawkwatch), hawk banding, and radio-tracking (Telemetry).

GGRO offers free public programs every Saturday and Sunday at noon in September and October, peak migration season (weather permitting: rain or fog cancels). The Hawk Talk begins at noon—a GGRO educator speaks about hawk migration and identification, and the long-term raptor monitoring at the GGRO. Then midway through, a banding volunteer brings up a newly banded hawk, talks about the banding program, shows everyone the hawk, and lets it go in front of the crowd. It is a great way to learn about hawks and see one up close.

Migration season

To track the fall migration, the GGRO starts its programs annually in mid-August and ends them mid-December. At the migration's peak in late September/early October, as many as 1,000 raptors a day may be counted overhead.

The Golden Gate migration is primarily one of diurnal raptors—hawks, kites, falcons, eagles, vultures, osprey, and harriers—with an average of nineteen raptor species appearing annually.  In addition, a small range of non-raptorial migrants appear over the Marin Headlands in the autumn; this includes three species of swift, six species of swallow, and band-tailed pigeons, among dozens of avian species.

Migration timeline

External links
 Golden Gate Raptor Observatory
 National Park Service
 Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy
 Directions to Hawk Hill

Environmental organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Bird observatories in the United States
Raptor organizations
Organizations based in Marin County, California
Golden Gate National Recreation Area


"I Thought I'd Seen Everything" is a rock song written by Bryan Adams, Eliot Kennedy and Robert John "Mutt" Lange for Adams 10 solo album 11 (2008). The song's musical-style and production were heavily inspired by rock and pop music from the 1980s, and its lyrics chronicle a relationship. The song was released as a download only single in the UK on 17 March 2008.

The song made its North American premiere in February 2008.

Recording and production
In 1991 Robert Lange co-wrote a song with the same title for his ex-wife Stevie Vann; however according to Adams website, the title and writer are only similarities that exist between the two songs, and that this song is an entirely new composition. Adams did also work with Stevie Vann in the past.

Chart performance
Although "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was officially released to US radio on March 1, 2008, it proved somewhat popular on Adult Contemporary radio where it peaked at the top thirty and peaked at 20. In Canada "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was officially released to radio in March, 2008. The song reached the top fifty on the Canadian Hot 100 chart where it peaked at the top 50 on 47.

The song was released in Australia, Europe and New Zealand on March 1, 2008. "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" peaked at the top 200 at 146. "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" continued the trend of lower-charting singles which was started by Adams Room Service single Flying. "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" peaked in the top 40 in Hungary and Austria, and the top 50 in Switzerland and Germany.

Music video

The music video for "I Thought I'd Seen Everything" was directed by Andrew MacNaughtan and Bryan Adams.

The video features Adams and his band performing the song live in a studio, similar to the style of "Please Forgive Me", released in 1993. In an interview with Dominick A. Miserandino  from The Celebrity Cafe Adams talked about how if felt to direct the music video:

Track listing
The two B-sides on the CD single are not available on all versions of the album, 11.

CD

UK digital download

Release history

Charts

References

Bryan Adams songs
2008 singles
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Songs written by Bryan Adams
Songs written by Eliot Kennedy
Polydor Records singles
2007 songs


Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas is a 2001 novel by James Patterson that argues the importance of balance within one's life. Two interwoven stories are told throughout the novel. The framing story is based on Katie Wilkinson, a New York City book editor, whose relationship with poet Matthew Harrison ends suddenly. During this period, Katie learns about Matt's past through the diary written by Suzanne.

Background
Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas marks Patterson's first attempt in the romance genre.  Patterson, a best-selling author, is known for his mystery thriller series featuring detective Alex Cross.  Continuing the trend with his novels, Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas has sold millions of copies, proving to be very popular.

Patterson used some of his experience with heartbreak to write Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas.  In 1974, Patterson fell in love with Jane Blanchard.  After dating for several years, she was diagnosed with a terminal brain tumor.  When she died, Patterson devoted his time to writing and stayed away from romantic relationships.  Over a decade later, he married Susan, who wrote a diary for their baby son.

Plot

New York City book editor Katie Wilkinson is devastated when her boyfriend, poet Matt Harrison, abruptly breaks up with her for no apparent reason. He later sends her a diary as a means of explaining why he can't be with her, and Katie discovers the diary is written by a woman named Suzanne, who is writing to her newborn son, Nicholas.

Suzanne begins her story in Boston, where she was working as a doctor in a hospital. After she has a heart attack at a young age, her fiancé leaves her, partly because he believes they won't be able to have children due to her health issues. In an effort to start over, she moves to Martha's Vineyard and buys a house that she plans to fix up.

Suzanne meets Matt Harrison, a house painter, at a diner and hires him to paint her house. They fall in love and are married, and soon after have a son, Nicholas. When Suzanne becomes pregnant again, she becomes ill with toxemia and is hospitalized, ultimately losing the baby. With Matt's support, she recovers and writes that she feels lucky to have the life that she does.

Suzanne's diary entries end suddenly after she writes about having pictures of Nicholas, now almost a year old, taken in a professional studio. Matt takes over writing in the diary and expresses immense grief over the loss of his wife, eventually revealing that Suzanne had a heart attack while driving to pick up the photos of Nicholas and crashed the car, killing both Suzanne and Nicholas.

In the present, Katie is devastated by the truth about Matt's past and finally understands that his tremendous grief and guilt is keeping him from moving on with Katie, who he does not know is pregnant by him. She visits Martha's Vineyard and pays her respects at the graves of Suzanne and Nicholas, then finds the house where Matt lived with his wife and son. She encounters an old friend of his, Melanie, who tells Katie that she believes Matt does love her.

Katie returns to New York and begins to conceive of a life as a single mother, but Matt appears outside her office building and begs for forgiveness. They reconcile and happily marry. On her wedding day, Katie recalls Suzanne's words from her diary, "Isn't it lucky?" and remembers to be grateful.

Characters
 Katie Wilkinson is one of the central characters. Katie is a native of North Carolina but lives in New York City, where she works as an editor at a publishing house. Through her work she meets Matt Harrison, a poet whose first book she is working on. The two become involved in an intimate relationship.
 Matthew (Matt) Harrison is a central character. He is Suzanne's husband and Nicholas's father. He later becomes Katie's boyfriend. Matt is a housepainter and handyman in Martha's Vineyard.  He also writes poetry.
 Suzanne Bedford Harrison (Christina Applegate) is a central character and the author of the diary. She is the wife of Matt Harrison and the mother of Nicholas Harrison.
 Nicholas Harrison is the son of Suzanne Bedford and Matthew Harrison.
 Matt Wolfe was Suzanne's boyfriend when they were teenagers. He works as a fine art dealer and a lawyer for the Environmental Protection Agency.
 Michael Bernstein is Suzanne's boyfriend early in her story when she lives in Boston. Like Suzanne, Michael works at a hospital in Boston.
 Melanie Bone is Suzanne's next-door neighbor on Martha's Vineyard. A mother of four daughters, Melanie is Suzanne's friend and confidant during her time on the island.
 Lynn Brown is a friend of Katie. Lynn lives with her husband Phil and their four children on a farm in Westport, Connecticut. Katie babysits for them sometimes.
 Susan Kingsolver is one of Katie's best friends.
 Laurie Raleigh is one of Katie's best friends.
 Mary Jordan is Katie's assistant at the publishing house.
 Dan Anderson is a pediatrician in Boston and Suzanne's old friend.
 Phil Berman is Suzanne's doctor in Boston.
 Constance Cotter (Dr. Cotter) is Suzanne's medical doctor on Martha's Vineyard.
 Gail Davis is Suzanne's cardiologist in Boston.
 Albert K. Sassoon (Dr. Sassoon) is Katie's gynecologist in New York.
 Holly Wilkinson is Katie's mother. She lives with Katie's father in Asheboro, North Carolina and works as a first grade teacher.
 Katie's Father is a minister in North Carolina.
 Jean Harrison is Matt's mother, a widow.

Film adaptation
The novel was adapted for a television movie entitled James Patterson's Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas that aired on CBS on March 27, 2005. Written and directed by Richard Friedenberg, it starred Christina Applegate as Suzanne, Johnathon Schaech as Matt Harrison, and Kathleen Rose Perkins as Katie.

References

External links
 Official James Patterson website
 Review of Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas
 Literature Guide to Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas
 Overview and Cast of Suzanne's Diary for Nicholas Film (2005)

2001 American novels
Novels by James Patterson
Fictional diaries
Novels set in New York City
American novels adapted into films
Little, Brown and Company books
American romance novels
Contemporary romance novels