The Fairbanks Museum & Planetarium is a combination natural science museum, history museum, and planetarium located in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. It was founded in 1890 by businessman, politician, naturalist, and collector Franklin Fairbanks. The museum and its buildings are on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The Eye on the Sky Weather Center is a meteorology and weather forecasting station operated regularly at the site since 1893. Meteorologists broadcast their unique weather forecasts for Vermont, New Hampshire, and areas immediately around the region, on Vermont Public Radio and Magic 97.7. The facility also produces daily weather forecasts for three newspapers: The Caledonian Record, Times Argus, and Rutland Herald.

The Lyman Spitzer Jr. Planetarium, established in 1960, is located at the museum, and produces public astronomy shows, as well as educational classes on various space science topics. Other productions of the planetarium include the Eye on the Night Sky astronomy program for radio broadcast, and the Night Owl astronomy & spaceflight news articles for online and print publication.

History

The town of St. Johnsbury had a long history with the Fairbanks family, having been the location of the Fairbanks Scales headquarters and factories since the 1820s, as well as several other mansions and estates owned by members of the family. Before founding the museum, Franklin Fairbanks had served as president of the company, which his father and uncle had founded.

The location for the museum, a plot of land Fairbanks already owned in the St. Johnsbury village, had been inspected, approved, cleared, and prepared in 1889. Construction on the main building began with a ceremony on 4 July 1890 when Frances Clapp Fairbanks laid the cornerstone. The building was finished by spring 1891, opening to the public later that year. Designed by Lambert Packard, the building features red sandstone and limestone laid in Richardsonian-Romanesque style. The museum was expanded in 1894 to house the entire growing collection, moving from its previous location, Fairbanks' own house, Undercliffe Mansion, where the items and artifacts had been kept beginning in the 1870s. Much of the main collection in the museum comes from Fairbanks' own pre-existing collection, for which the museum was purposefully built to contain and display.

Between 1959 and 1960, the planetarium and space gallery were installed, replacing the Colonial Room exhibit gallery. It opened to the public in April 1961, becoming the only public planetarium in Vermont, and has been periodically upgraded over time, while being continuously operated ever since.

In 2017, the Shippee Family Eye Care Butterfly House was installed in the courtyard behind the Museum's main gallery. An open structure with a canopy cover and benches along the inside, the butterfly house is an immersive experience that invites guests to walk among native butterflies and local flora during the summer months.

The Fairbanks Museum has seen continuous operation since its founding, other than annual brief closures every January for upkeep and maintenance of the exhibits and facilities, and rotation of the vast collection in and out of storage. Normal operations had the museum open 10 AM 5 PM. ET every day of the week. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum closed in March 2020, and only partially reopened between July–December 2020,  The museum reopened again in early March 2021, with the planetarium reopening, under restrictions, in late May 2021. While closed, the weather station and some educational programs continued to operate, holding regular online classes and science livestreams, as well as pandemic situation updates for local residents in Vermont and New Hampshire.

Between 2020 and 2023, major modification and construction is taking place to expand the eastern side of main building in a project known as the "Tang Science Annex", to provide more exhibition area and greater accessibility, with major funding being provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration. General building maintenance and preservation work is also being carried out during this time.

Contemporary museum collection
The museum is organized into 6 different departments or categories, which are reflected in its logo and hexagon theme found throughout the museum: Natural History, Geoscience, Ethnology, Engineering, Meteorology, and Astronomy. The entire collection includes roughly 175,000 objects. Storage and archive spaces are maintained on site for many of the items when not on display.

The museum's exhibits include natural specimens, a seasonal wildflower table, a native butterfly house and flower garden, an observation beehive, artistic pieces made out of insects, taxidermy dioramas (moose, bison, flamingos, bears, birds of paradise, snakes, woodchucks and opossums), endangered and extinct species, dinosaurs and fossils, as well as geological displays, ethnographic displays, and various historical and cultural artifacts from around the world. On the second floor there is an exhibit about atmospheric ice crystal formation, featuring photographs by Snowflake Bentley, a friend of Franklin Fairbanks. Also displayed are 19th and 20th century manufacturing hardware and scales from the E & T Fairbanks Scales Company, founded by Franklin's father and uncle, Erastus and Thaddeus Fairbanks. Educational classes are regularly provided for local schools and tour groups. An audio tour of the exhibits is available to visitors as well.

Weather Center
Meteorological records by the Fairbanks family in St. Johnsbury date back to the 1870s at the Undercliffe mansion, and were then moved to the Fairbanks Museum in 1891, with regular weather recordings at the same unaltered location beginning in late 1893. In part, the museum's tradition of reporting the weather and atmospheric conditions comes from Franklin Fairbanks' own practice of doing so. The meteorological instruments are located primarily behind the main building, where they also serve as a weather recording exhibit, as well as on a truss affixed on top of the museum roof.

The Northern New England Weather Center, also known as the Eye on the Sky Weather Center, was established at the museum in November 1981 by meteorologists Steve Maleski and Mark Breen, continuing the written weather reports for the NWS, but expanding to include local radio and print media weather forecasting, with the creation of broadcasting studios for meteorologists. Initially located in the basement of the main building (which often drew questions and criticism about the lack of windows and visibility for the forecasters to see the actual sky), the weather center's studios were relocated in 2017 to another building at the back of the museum campus.

The weather center produces the Eye on the Sky daily forecast, Eye on the Night Sky weekly night sky forecast for astronomy, as well as the Skywatch Almanac meteorology and astronomy newsletter and online blog.

Planetarium
The Lyman Spitzer Jr. Planetarium and Vinton Space Science Gallery (sometimes shortened to simply the "Spitzer Planetarium"), located at the top of a spiral staircase on the second floor overhanging the front entrance, was built between 1959 and 1960 following the International Geophysical Year, and first publicly opened in April 1961, under museum director Fred Mold. It is named after famed scientist Lyman Spitzer Jr., a pioneer of modern astrophysics and astronomical observation. In the planetarium lobby is the space science gallery, displayed in which are astrophotographs from the Northern Skies Observatory in nearby Peacham, Vermont, images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, as well as an iron-nickel meteorite recovered in Patagonia. Also in the gallery is a Fairbanks Scale which displays the equivalent weight of an object or person if it were in the gravitational field of the Moon or other planets in the Solar System.

Live shows and presentations as well as planetarium movies cover a variety of topics, including basic backyard stargazing, the history and development of astronomy, constellations and their association with various mythology and cultures, celestial navigation, artificial satellites and spacecraft missions, Lunar exploration, planetary science, heliophysics, exoplanetary science, astrodynamics, and cosmology. It is one of only two public planetaria in northern New England, along with the McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center.

History and upgrades
The section of the museum now occupied by the planetarium previously contained a historical exhibit about Vermont during the colonial period. During the earlier years of its operation, the planetarium originally used simple folding chairs situated around a projection module, but in the early 1980s the chairs were replaced by rows of curved benches arranged in semicircles on either side.

In 2012, the planetarium was upgraded with the installation of digital hardware and software, greatly increasing capabilities, and allowing for the projection of specialized 360° video. However, the analog hardware originally used in the 1960s, including a control panel and a dodecahedron with optical pinholes used for star projection, are on permanent display on the main floor of the museum.

The planetarium was further renovated between 2018 and 2019, including the replacement of the benches with modern seating in a more traditional theater arrangement, and rotating the hemispherical projection screen forward, both expanding audience capacity and improving comfortability of the domed theater. An elevator was also installed to improve accessibility, connecting the main museum entrance with the planetarium lobby.

Events and outreach
The Fairbanks Museum & Planetarium set the Guiness World Record for the "largest astronomy lesson"  in 2018 when 1,580 people attended a 40 minute program held across the street from the Museum. The planetarium regularly coordinates with the Vermont Astronomical Society and the Northern Skies Observatory, an astronomy research, observation, and image and data processing center located in Peacham, Vermont, to host public outdoor astronomy events at the observatory site and across the state. In more recent years, Spitzer Planetarium presenters also utilize a smaller, inflatable dome, called a "portable planetarium", featuring the same projection software as the main planetarium, for presentations at schools, libraries, and other indoor event spaces in the region. Annual spring astronomy camp includes astronomy lessons about planets, stars, constellations, and space probe missions, as well as basic chemistry and physics lessons, which includes the construction and launching of model rockets.

Notable space themed events hosted by the museum include a series of special planetarium shows and astronomy outreach events for the 2009 International Year of Astronomy, observations of the 2012 Transit of Venus, the 2017 North American Solar Eclipse, and a 2018 world record astronomy observation. From 16 to 24 July 2019, the museum displayed exhibits celebrating the semicentennial of Apollo 11; on 20 July, it hosted an event which featured a real-time rebroadcast of the mission, showings of contemporary documentaries from 1969, model rocket construction and launching, spaceflight simulations, planetarium shows focused on the Moon and both past and future human lunar exploration, as well as lunar regolith and rock samples from various Apollo missions obtained by the museum for temporary display by NASA as part of a public science outreach initiative by the agency in observation of the event.

During closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the planetarium hosted live online events, answering questions submitted by local residents and students about the topics, including the 2020 Winter Solstice Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction, featuring telescope views and descriptions of the two planets and their moons, live coverage of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing, hosted by Fairbanks science communicators, featuring live telemetry from NASA JPL during the craft's descent, and a commemoration of Yuri's Night 2021, the 60th anniversary of Vostok 1, 40th anniversary of STS-1, the first flight of the Mars 2020 Ingenuity helicopter, as well as International Space Station port relocations and crew rotations of Soyuz MS-17/18 and Dragon Crew-1/2 happening around the same occasion. In July 2021, the museum hosted an event both on-site and online with Dr. Jennifer Gruber, an program manager and engineer working on NASA's Artemis Program at the Moon, providing updates about the program including SLS, HLS, and CLPS developments, and taking questions from the audience.

For the upcoming 2024 North American Solar Eclipse, the museum is expecting a greater event than that of 2017, as the path of totality will be passing over the area of Vermont, providing a more spectacular viewing opportunity.

Praise and recognition
The museum was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. The listing included one contributing building and two contributing objects.

On 10 August 2018, the museum obtained the world record for the largest astronomy observation event, with over 1500 people attending a live night sky astronomy lesson, as well as telescope demonstrations and other educational displays. The event was certified by Guinness World Records and covered by Vermont Public Radio and local news media.

In 2019, the museum's weather station surpassed its 125th anniversary, and was recognized by the World Meteorological Organization, National Weather Service, and NOAA as the second oldest regular meteorological observation station in North America, after the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, having begun a continuous streak of weather observations in early 1894.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Caledonia County, Vermont
List of science museums in the United States
List of planetariums in the United States
List of meteorology institutions

References

External links

Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium - official site

Museums in Caledonia County, Vermont
Natural history museums in Vermont
Planetaria in the United States
History museums in Vermont
Science museums in Vermont
Aerospace museums in the United States
Meteorological observatories
Museums established in 1890
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Romanesque Revival architecture in Vermont
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1890
1890s establishments in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Caledonia County, Vermont
Museums on the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures in St. Johnsbury, Vermont


Complete Best is the second English-language greatest hits album by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released exclusively in Japan on 27 February 2008. It reached number three on the Oricon Albums Chart, was certified Gold by the RIAJ and has sold 173,100 copies in Japan in 2008.

Background
Complete Best was released just a few days before Dion's sold-out concerts in Japan, which were a part of the Taking Chances World Tour. The compilation includes "To Love You More," which was originally released in October 1995 and became Dion's biggest hit in Japan, topping the singles chart for four weeks and selling 1.5 million copies. It also features two other singles exclusive to Japan: "The Power of the Dream" and "Be the Man", as well as many of Dion's other hits.

The new single, "A World to Believe In" (U.S.A. Mix), was included as the first track of the compilation. Recorded as an English-Japanese duet with Yuna Ito, the song was released in January 2008, peaking at number eight on the Oricon Singles Chart. It was Dion's first appearance on the chart since "To Love You More" (Dance Mixes) entered it in April 1999. The duet wasn't available on Dion's previous album, Taking Chances, which includes the original English solo version of the song.

In October 2008, another greatest hits album was released internationally, titled My Love: Essential Collection. Due to the recent release of Complete Best, this compilation was not released in Japan. However, new unreleased tracks from My Love: Essential Collection were instead included on the CD single A World to Believe In: Himiko Fantasia, released in Japan at the same time.

On 22 July 2009 the album was reissued in Blu-spec CD format also in Japan.

Commercial performance
Complete Best debuted at number three on the Oricon Albums Chart, selling 34,223 copies. In the second week, it fell to number six selling 27,281 units. The following week, right after the Japanese leg of the Taking Chances World Tour, Complete Best jumped to number four with sales of 34,724 copies. In the fourth week, the album fell to number six and sold 16,304 units. Later it went down to number twelve (11,040 copies) and sixteen (7,956 copies). During these six consecutive weeks, Complete Best occupied the top position on the Oricon International Albums Chart. Shortly after release, Complete Best was certified Gold by the RIAJ. It has sold 173,100 copies in Japan in 2008.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies a co-producer
  signifies an additional producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

|}

Release history

Ultimate Box
On 27 February 2008, Sony Music Entertainment Japan also released Ultimate Box in limited edition. This five-disc box set includes two CD albums (Taking Chances and Complete Best) and three DVDs (Live in Las Vegas: A New Day..., All the Way... A Decade of Song & Video expanded with six  additional music videos and Taking Chances Recording Sessions). Ultimate Box peaked at number 109 on the Oricon Albums Chart in Japan in March 2008, and number 27 on the International Oricon Albums Chart.

Track listing

References

External links

2008 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Christopher Neil
Albums produced by David Foster
Albums produced by Jim Steinman
Albums produced by Max Martin
Albums produced by R. Kelly
Albums produced by Ric Wake
Albums produced by Roy Bittan
Albums produced by Steven Rinkoff
Albums produced by Walter Afanasieff
Celine Dion compilation albums


Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2: Dissolution of Entities signed by Coalition Provisional Authority on 23 May 2003, disbanded the Iraqi military, security, and intelligence infrastructure of President Saddam Hussein. It has since become an object of controversy, cited by some critics as the biggest American mistake made in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Saddam Hussein and as one of the main causes of the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS).

Background
Before the war began, retired US Army Lieutenant General Jay Garner and the US military had already laid out several plans for what to do with Iraqi security forces. Recognizing the danger posed by complete demobilization in an environment of high unemployment, poor security, and social unrest, the plan called for the dissolution of the Iraqi Republican Guard, the engagement of soldiers in the Iraqi Army in reconstruction efforts, and the foundation of a new army from three to five existing Iraqi divisions; this plan was presented to President George W. Bush by Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas Feith during a National Security Council (NSC) meeting on 12 May.

Beginning on 20 March 2003, the United States and coalition partners launched the invasion of Iraq. On 21 April, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established with Jay Garner at its head, and on 11 May he was replaced by Ambassador Paul Bremer. Bremer's first order as CPA administrator, issued 16 May, disestablished the Iraqi Baath Party and began a process of "de-Ba'athification."

Formulation of the order
Upon arrival in Baghdad, Bremer and his senior advisor, Walter B. Slocombe, came to favor the dissolution of the Iraqi Army. This view was based on the belief that the Iraqi Army had already demobilized itself and could not be practically reconstituted, e.g., the Iraqi conscripts would not return, and in any case Iraqi military facilities had been destroyed. In the words of Slocombe, "There was no intact Iraqi force to 'disband.'" As to who originally proposed the idea, it has been sometimes attributed to Slocombe; Feith stated that it was Bremer's idea, but Bremer has denied that and said he could not remember who had initially come up with the idea.

According to Bremer in his book My Year in Iraq, the CPA and the Pentagon jointly coordinated the drafting of the order to disband the Iraqi defense and security services. Bremer, highlighting that such an order would be critical in eliminating the foundations of the previous Iraqi regime and demonstrating "to the Iraqi people that...neither Saddam nor his gang is coming back," sent a proposal for the disbandment to then Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on 19 May, along with a recommendation that all former troops save some top intelligence, security, and Baathist leaders be given severance payments. Under Secretary of Defense Feith requested some editing of the text on 22 May, and that night Rumsfeld chief of staff Lawrence Di Rita and CPA spokesperson Dan Senor coordinated plans for the actual announcement. After receiving permission from Secretary Rumsfeld, Bremer briefed President Bush by video conference and subsequently signed the order on 23 May.

However, Bush said in a later interview that the initial plan was to maintain the Iraqi Army, and he was not sure why that did not occur. In response to this report, Bremer provided The New York Times with a letter sent by him on 22 May through the Secretary of Defense to the President that described the measure, to which the President sent a thank you letter. Furthermore, Bremer stated that even before he arrived in Iraq, he sent a draft of the order on 9 May to Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Feith, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and then CFLCC Commander, Lieutenant General David McKiernan. The Times quoted an anonymous White House official that the original plan to maintain the army could not be carried out and that Bush understood that.

General Peter Pace later stated that the Joint Chiefs of Staff were not consulted for advice or a recommendation with regard to the order. Secretary of State Colin Powell has also said he was never consulted on the matter, which he believes was a major mistake, and then National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice was said to have been surprised by the decision.

A different set of events was portrayed by Bob Woodward in his book State of Denial. According to him, the decision never came back to Washington for input except for a lawyer from the National Security Council, who gave legal opinions on the first two CPA orders. Rumsfeld said he spoke only rarely with Bremer, no NSC meeting had been convened on the matter, and that he "would be surprised" if either Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz or Under Secretary Feith had told Bremer to carry out the two CPA orders.

UK input
Several British generals later said that they raised concern about the disbandment and were personally against it, though Bremer responded that no UK officials voiced concerns in their meetings and that they regarded the effective demobilization of the Iraqi military as a "fait accompli". These claims were disputed by senior British officers. A 2004 report in The Guardian cited senior UK military and intelligence sources saying that British Admiral Michael Boyce told his commanders to negotiate with senior Iraqi Army and Republican Guard officers to switch sides and operate under UK guidance to uphold law and order, but that CPA orders 1 and 2 effectively destroyed any chance to regroup the Iraqi forces for such a plan.

Aftermath
On 13 September Bremer amended the order through CPA order number 34, which stated that the Board of Supreme Audit was no longer to be considered a dissolved entity and should continue operations.

In an interview with PBS's Frontline, Bremer went on record saying, "I think the decision not to recall Saddam's army, from a political point of view, is the single most important correct decision that we made in the 14 months we were there."

Dissolved entities

Institutions
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Information
Ministry of State for Military Affairs
Iraqi Intelligence Service
National Security Bureau
Directorate of General Security
Special Security Organization
Entities affiliated with Hussein bodyguards:
Murafaqin (Companions)
Himaya al Khasa (Special Guard)

Military organizations
Iraqi Army, Air Force, Navy, the Air Defense Force, and other regular military services
Iraqi Republican Guard
Iraqi Special Republican Guard
Directorate of Military Intelligence
Jerusalem Army
Emergency Forces

Paramilitaries
Fedayeen Saddam
Ba'ath Party Militia
Friends of Saddam
Saddam's Lion Cubs (Ashbal Saddam)

Other
Presidential Diwan
Presidential Secretariat
Revolutionary Command Council
The National Assembly
The Youth Organization (al-Futuwah)
National Olympic Committee
Revolutionary, Special and National Security Courts

References

External links
Why Iraq Has No Army
Who Disbanded the Iraqi Army?

2
Military history of Iraq
2003 in Iraq


Defying Gravity is the sixth studio album by guitarist Vinnie Moore, released on July 10, 2001 through Shrapnel Records.

Track listing

Personnel
Vinnie Moore – guitar, mixing, production
David Rosenthal – keyboard
Steve Smith – drums
Dave LaRue – bass
Robert M. Biles – engineering
Paul Orofino – mixing
R.B. Hunter – mixing
Christopher Ash – mastering

References

External links
In Review: Vinnie Moore "Defying Gravity" at Guitar Nine Records

Vinnie Moore albums
2001 albums
Shrapnel Records albums
Albums recorded in a home studio


"Poison Pen" is a song by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. It was written by Dave Faulkner. and released in September 1986 as the fourth and final single from the group's second studio album, Mars Needs Guitars!. The song peaked at number 76 on the Australian charts.

In June 2000, Dave Faulkner said "The Gurus' first manager, Stuart Coupe, wrongly thought that 'Poison Pen' was written about him, probably because of his notoriety as a Rock Journalist (often an oxymoron) and he had also been recently replaced... The song was about the fallout from a relationship that had turned bitter (with no 'sweet') attached)".

Track listing
 7" version (BTS 1793)
 "Poison Pen" (Dave Faulkner) — 4:06
 "In the Wild" (Faulkner) — 3:29 (Recorded live at Selina's Sydney 17 and 18 February 1986)
 "Teenage Head" (Cyril Jordan, Roy Loney) — 3:02 (recorded live at Selina's Sydney 17 and 18 February 1986)

Personnel
 Clyde Bramley — bass, backing vocals
 Dave Faulkner — lead vocals, guitar
 Mark Kingsmill — drums, cymbals
 Brad Shepherd — guitar, backing vocals
 Producer — Charles Fisher
 Engineer — John Bee
 Mastering — Don Bartley

Charts

References

1986 singles
Hoodoo Gurus songs
1985 songs
Songs written by Dave Faulkner (musician)


New Langton Arts (active 1975 – 2009) was a not-for-profit arts organization focusing on contemporary art founded in 1975 and located the South of Market neighborhood in San Francisco, California. Part of the first wave of alternative art spaces in the United States, and New Langton Arts was a leader in exhibiting new media forms in art and involving artists in the decision-making process. Its first directors were Judy Moran and Renny Pritikin.

New Langton Arts focused on collaborating with artists on the "production and presentation of new work, exhibitions and events, that challenged the boundaries of conventional art practice while encouraging broad public appreciation and access to the art of our times."

History
In 1975 San Francisco's art scene reached a turning point. A substantial enough number of younger artists working in the new mediums of performance, installation, video, and interdisciplinary projects was reached, and they identified themselves as a community. Local commercial galleries and museums were not showing these art forms, and artists and their supporters were organizing various opportunities for each other on an ad hoc basis. For example, a series of performance events were held in 1974 in a vacant industrial space on Bluxome Street. When artist Jock Reynolds purchased and renovated a former coffin factory at 80 Langton Street, he made the ground floor available for a new organization to support new work. Moving out to next-door at 1246 Folsom Street later.

Its first directors were Judy Moran and Renny Pritikin, who were central figures in the San Francisco Bay Area art scene for 30 years. Subsequent directors of New Langton Arts include Nancy Gonchar, Christiane Robbins, Susan Miller, and Sandra Percival.

Inspired by models in New York and elsewhere (Artists Space, Portland Center for the Visual Arts, Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art) that were committed to artist control, artist financial support, and support of artists by other artists, the not for profit 80 Langton Street Corporation was created in 1975 and opened its doors in July 1975 with a one-person video installation by artist Peter D'Agostino. Signers of the corporate documents included Judith Dunham, then editor of Artweek, David Robinson, architect, and gallerists Ruth Braunstein and Diana Fuller. A board of directors made up of artists and arts professionals took control.

New Langton Arts emerged into a local ecology that already or soon would contain peers such as Site/Cite/Sight (run by artist Alan Scarritt), La Mamelle, Inc./Art Com (run by Carl E. Loeffler), Galeria de la Raza (run by René Yañez and Ralph Maradiaga), San Francisco Camerawork, Southern Exposure, Tom Marioni’s Museum of Conceptual Art among others.  All these organizations shared some of the ideals mentioned above. These emerging arts organizations were an extension into the fine arts realm of alternative organizations of the era that sought to insert themselves between producers and consumers in ways that bypassed traditional distribution methods, whether in education, food, or information distribution. Furthermore, these New Left ideals extended to giving artists power over their fate using a participatory democracy model.

Artist and exhibitions
Langton's history is closely tied to the emergence of new art forms in the ‘70s—performance and time-based art, video and installation, improvised and electronic music, and experimental writing: Barbara Kruger in the literature program (1977); residencies by Allan Kaprow and Martha Rosler (1980); Charles Ray’s performance installation (1985); and Olafur Eliasson’s first show in the US (1996). At the time these artists were under 35, at emergent moments in their careers, and had never before been seen in the Bay Area.

In solo, group installations and performances, Langton has produced and presented the work of Nam June Paik, Vito Acconci, Chris Burden, Nancy Rubins, Suzanne Lacy, Steve Benson, Tony Oursler, Allen Ruppersberg, Clark Coolidge, Tom Marioni, Chip Lord, Ted Berrigan, Paul DeMarinis, Howard Fried, John Baldessari, Kathy Acker, Kevin Killian, Dodie Bellamy, Eleanor Antin, Joan Jonas, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Lorenzo Thomas, Lynne Tillman, Barrett Watten, Bill Berkson, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Félix González-Torres, Maria Nordman, Alvin Curran, Terry Riley, Pauline Oliveros, Eliane Radigue, Ron Silliman, John Zorn, Steve Reich, Laurie Anderson, Paul McCarthy, Joe Reihsen, Matthieu Laurette, Aaron Young, Sonya Rapoport, Harrell Fletcher, Rigo 23, Felipe Dulzaides, Marc Horowitz, mafishco, Liz Young, and others.

New Langton Arts has presented retrospective exhibitions of seminal SF Bay Area artists:  Jim Pomeroy (1999) and Tony Labat (2005). Also in 2005 they hosted Downtime: Constructing Leisure the first exhibition of the Curatorial Practice Program at the California College of the Arts.

Public programs
The Performance Writing series brought multi-disciplinary literary artists to Langton to present works that explore language in the context of live performance. The series, curated by Jocelyn Saidenberg and Brandon Brown, earned a 2005 “Best of the Bay” award in the San Francisco Bay Guardian for “Best New Reading Series to Catapult Language Off the Page."

An uncertain future
On 22 July 2009 Sandra Percival announced her resignation as executive director of Langton, having taken over the position from Susan Miller four years earlier. Subsequently, the board of directors, chaired by Primo Orpilla, suspended programing, laid off remaining staff, cut expenses, and vacated the gallery and theater space at 1246 Folsom.

Dissolution of NLA
A year later the NLA website features an updated statement confirming the closure of the organization: "After a process of thorough deliberation, the Board of Directors of New Langton Arts (NLA) has determined that dissolution of NLA is the best option in light of short-term and long-term institutional challenges. The Board hopes that this difficult decision does not diminish the many achievements of the organization and the countless collaborative efforts of those who created and sustained it during its 34 years[...]

The Board of Directors considered many factors in making its decision, including the state of NLA’s financial health during a period of economic downturn that shuttered thousands of non-profit organizations. During its final years of existence, NLA undertook a number of new initiatives in an effort to secure the viability of the organization. Such initiatives and urgent appeals to save NLA proved insufficient. NLA moved out of its location at 1246 Folsom Street in San Francisco and had to let go of its staff. The Board of Directors is currently taking steps to wrap up its affairs in a manner that honors the organization’s excellence."

References

External links
 New Langton Arts Website archived at the Internet Archive
 80 Langton Street performances in Performance Art Anthology: A Source Book of California Performance Art
 Berkeley Art Museum/Pacific Film Archive Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Pause Still performance, March 24, 1979
 Video Installed 1986 NLA exhibition, Vasulka's archive

Art museums and galleries in San Francisco
Arts organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Non-profit organizations based in San Francisco
Art galleries established in 1975
Art galleries disestablished in 2009
1975 establishments in California
2009 disestablishments in California
Defunct art museums and galleries in California


Ferro Corporation is an American producer of technology-based performance materials for manufacturers, focusing on four core segments: performance colors and glass; pigments, powders, and oxides; porcelain enamel; and tile coatings systems. Ferro was founded in 1919 by Harry D. Cushman in Cleveland. The company's headquarters are currently located in Mayfield Heights, Ohio.

In 2007, the company was listed as 844 on the Fortune 1000. As of 2011, Ferro operated 40 manufacturing facilities around the world.

Restatement
On January 18, 2005, Ferro Corporation updated the status of its investigation into inappropriate accounting entries in its Performance Chemicals business and its restatement process affecting fiscal years 2001, 2002 and 2003 and the first quarter of 2004.

On September 9, 2021, Ferro announced that its shareholders voted overwhelmingly to approve its acquisition by an affiliate of Prince International Corporation at a special meeting of Ferro shareholders.

The former businesses of the Ferro Corporation, Prince Minerals and Chromoflo merged together under the stewardship of Michael Wilson as Vibrantz Technologies.

See also

Printed electronics

References

External links

Mayfield Heights, Ohio
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Chemical companies established in 1919
Chemical companies of the United States
2022 mergers and acquisitions


WXHQ-LP (105.9 FM, "Radio Newport") is a non-commercial radio station licensed to the community of Newport, Rhode Island. The station serves Newport and the greater Providence, Rhode Island, area.  The station is owned and operated by the Newport Music Arts Association, a non-profit organization.  It airs a Jazz/Freeform format that, according to the station's website, includes "jazz, blues, r&b, bossa nova, Afro-Cuban, lounge, soul, funk, reggae, ska, electronic, downtempo, acid-jazz, surf, world, country, folk, and even occasionally some rock". The music played is almost exclusively instrumental and the station has a policy against playing songs featuring English language vocals.

The station has been assigned the WXHQ-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission since May 31, 2001. This is the first FCC-licensed low-power FM station in the state of Rhode Island. WXHQ-LP is also the first public radio station licensed to Newport.

Community involvement
The WXHQ-LP studios are located on in a small office on Marlborough Street. The station's transmitter is located atop the Hotel Viking on Bellvue Avenue in downtown Newport. This transmitter site includes a rooftop container garden used to promote sustainable agriculture and green living by collecting rainwater and growing food.

Other community involvement activities of WXHQ-LP include providing music programming for the annual Newport Island Moving Co. dance festival, broadcasting the Newport Jazz Festival, and serving as a contributing sponsor each year for the Newport International Film Festival.

FCC actions
On October 29, 2007, the FCC issued a $250 Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture for WXHQ-LP to licensee Newport Music Arts Association. The fine was levied because the station failed to file a timely license renewal application and did not provide an explanation for the late filing. The standard fine of $3,000 was reduced because the licensee did file a renewal application before the actual expiration of the broadcast license.

References

External links
WXHQ-LP studio building @ BostonRadio.org
WXHQ-LP tower and antenna @ NECRAT

XHQ
WXHQ
Freeform radio stations
XHQ-LP
Newport County, Rhode Island
Radio stations established in 2001


Les Costes-Gozon (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Coubisou (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Coupiac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Holme railway station served Holme Chapel on the Copy Pit line. The station closed in July 1930 and the line now serves as a non-stop route between Hebden Bridge and Burnley.

References

External links
Holme Station on navigable 1947 O.S. map

Disused railway stations in Burnley
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1930
1849 establishments in England


Coussergues (; Languedocien: Cossèrgas) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Palmas-d'Aveyron.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Crespin (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Cresse (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cruéjouls (Languedocien: Cruèjols) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Palmas-d'Aveyron.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Curières (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Druelle (; Languedocien: Druèla) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Druelle Balsac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2017


"Take This Hammer" (Roud 4299, AFS 745B1) is a prison, logging, and railroad work song, which has the same Roud number as another song, "Nine Pound Hammer", with which it shares verses. "Swannanoa Tunnel" and "Asheville Junction" are similar. Together, this group of songs are referred to as "hammer songs" or "roll songs" (after a group of wheelbarrow-hauling songs with much the same structure, though not mentioning hammers). Numerous bluegrass bands and singers like Scott McGill and Mississippi John Hurt also recorded commercial versions of this song, nearly all of them containing verses about the legendary railroad worker, John Henry; and even when they do not, writes folklorist Kip Lornell, "one feels his strong and valorous presence in the song".

Background
For almost a hundred years after the abolition of slavery, convicts, mostly African American, were leased to work as forced labor in the mines, railroad camps, brickyards, turpentine farms, and then on road gangs of the American South. Forced labor on chain gangs, levees, and huge, plantation-like prison farms continued well into the twentieth century. It was not unusual for work songs like "Take this Hammer" and its "floating verses" to drift between occupations along with the itinerant laborers who sang them. The elements of both the ballad of  "John Henry" and the "Take This Hammer" complex appear to date from the late nineteenth century, probably the 1870s.

Early versions
A manuscript variant of "Take This Hammer" from 1915 was published by the folklorist and English professor Newman Ivey White:
This old hammer killed John Henry,
But it can't kill me.
Take this hammer, take it to the Captain,
Tell him I'm gone, babe, tell him I'm gone.

In the 1920s, folklorists, notably  Dorothy Scarborough (1925) and Guy Johnson and Howard W. Odum (1926), also collected transcribed versions. Scarborough's short text, published in her book, On The Trail of Negro Folk-Songs (1925), is the first version published under the title "Nine-Pound Hammer", before the earliest commercial recording of that name. This was the white "hillbilly" (as country music was then called) 78 single by Al Hopkins and His Buckle Busters. Hopkins's "Nine Pound Hammer" added the chorus "Roll on buddy / Don't you roll so slow. / How can I roll / When the wheels won't go?" This was the first of many hillbilly recordings of the song, including, notably (The Monroe Brothers' "Nine Pound Hammer Is Too Heavy", in 1936.) Carl Sandburg's popular anthology, The American Songbag (1927) contains the song "My Old Hammah" ("Shine like silver").
In 1928, before the Depression put an end to his recording career, African-American blues singer Mississippi John Hurt issued a commercial single, "Spike Driver Blues" on Okeh records. This song, with intricate finger-picked guitar accompaniment, combines some elements of the "John Henry" ballad. It  was later included in Harry Smith's celebrated 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music LP set, leading to the rediscovery of the performer. Norm Cohen terms "Spike Driver Blues" "a lyrical variant of "Nine-Pound Hammer" and "more an entertainment piece than an actual work song, but their close kinship is unmistakable".

Field recordings
In 1933 John A. Lomax and his 18-year-old son Alan, recording for the Library of Congress with the aid of an aluminum flat-disc-cutting recording machine, recorded Allen Prothro, a prisoner in Chattanooga, Tennessee, singing "Jumpin' Judy", with a theme and verses in common with "Take This Hammer", including reference to the "captain" (i.e., white prison guard), with his .44 in his right hand, and the fantasy of escape. They printed a longer version of the text in their anthology American Ballads and Folk Songs (1934), stipulating that it be performed "rather slow, with pathos."

John A. Lomax and his colleague Harold Spivacke made another Library of Congress audio field recording on June 14, 1936, of "Take This Hammer", performed by Jimmie Strothers, a blind prisoner at the State Farm (Virginia State Penitentiary), at Lynn, Virginia, performing with finger-picked banjo accompaniment.

In 1942, Alan Lomax recorded another version of the same song as sung by Sid Hemphill.  This version was titled "John Henry" and accompanied by violin, played by Hemphill, and a drum, played by a friend of Hemphill, Will Head.

In December 1947, Alan Lomax recorded it again on (then newly invented) reel-to-reel tape at Lambert Camp, Parchman Farm (Mississippi State Penitentiary), performed by three prisoners with axes: "Bull" Hollie Dew, "Foots" Milton Smith, and "Dobie Red" Tim Taylor.

In 1959, Alan Lomax and English singer Shirley Collins revisited Parchman Farm in Mississippi, bringing along with them reel-to-reel stereo equipment. Among other songs, they re-recorded "Take This Hammer", performed by L. C. Hoskins and an unidentified group of prisoners cutting wood with axes As late as 1965, folklorist Bruce Jackson, while doing field work in the Texas prison system, collected it from prisoners who sang it (also while cutting lumber), as "This Old Hammer Killed John Henry".

Commercial recordings after 1940
"Take This Hammer" was issued on a commercial 78-rpm single by Lead Belly in 1940 and again in 1942. In his performance on this record, Lead Belly added a "haah" at the end of each line, explaining in his spoken introduction, "Every time the men say 'haah', the hammer falls. The hammer rings, and we swing, and we sing." In saying "we", Lead Belly was undoubtedly referring to his many years as an inmate of the notorious prison farm in Angola, Louisiana. Lead Belly's powerful version subsequently became a staple of the urban folk revival.

Meanwhile, the song continued to be popular among country singers. Merle Travis's 1946 recomposition, "Nine Pound Hammer is Too Heavy", an adaptation of the song to coal mining, had a great impact on folk and country singers.

Notable recordings

 The Beatles on Get Back 'Camera B' Rolls vol 11 (recorded 1969) (also on Thirty Days)
 The Beau Brummels as "Nine Pound Hammer" on their LP Triangle
 Big Bill Broonzy on the DVD The Story of the Blues (2003)
 Brothers Four (on the Columbia LP Sing of Our Times; reissued on CBS LP Starportrait)
 Johnny Cash on Blood, Sweat and Tears (1963) under the title "Tell Him I'm Gone"
 Sanford Clark, 1956 recording as "Nine Pound Hammer" (Dot 15534)
 Ken Colyer (1955, Decca Single F10631, b/w "Down By The Riverside")
 Charley Crockett on the album, The Valley, under the title "9 LB Hammer" (also on the Ourvinyl Sessions EP)
 Delmore Brothers as "Take It To The Captain" (King 718-B, 1948)
 Drafi Deutscher & His Magics, 1965 German version "Ich Will Frei Sein", reissued on the Bear Family CD Drafi Deutscher: Die Decca Jahre Teil 3
 Lonnie Donegan on Lonnie Rides Again (1959)
 The Felice Brothers on Tonight at the Arizona (2007)
 Foggy Mountain Boys (Flatt and Scruggs) on Folk Songs of our Land (1962)
 The Greenbriar Boys on Ragged But Right! (1964)
 John Fahey on The Voice of The Turtle (1968) under the title "Nine-Pound Hammer"
 Jesse Fuller
 Mississippi John Hurt
 Clifford Jordan
 Lead Belly (on a single recorded in 1942)
 John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Linda McCartney, Stevie Wonder on A Toot and a Snore in '74 1974 - bootleg recording:  These are bootlegs (see Day by Day)
 Harry Manx on Road Ragas (2004) and Harry Manx & Friends Live at the Glenn Gould Studio (2008)
 Monroe Brothers as "Nine Pound Hammer is Too Heavy" (1936), also on Feast Here Tonight (1975)
 MV&EE "Hammer" on LP Gettin Gone (2007)
 The New Christy Minstrels on Presenting and In Person (2003)
 Nitty Gritty Dirt Band feat. Merle Travis as "Nine Pound Hammer" from their 3-LP set Will the Circle Be Unbroken
 Notting Hillbillies on Missing...Presumed Having a Good Time (1990) under the title "Railroad Worksong"
 Odetta on Odetta at the Gate of Horn (1957)
 Osborne Brothers on Voices in Bluegrass (c 1970)
 Our Gang (The Rattles and friends), reissued on the Bear Family CD Die Hamburg Szene
 John Prine (as "Nine Pound Hammer") on Sweet Revenge
 Carl Stokes, former Cleveland, Ohio mayor, on his spoken word and jazz album, The Mayor and His People (Flying Dutchman)
 The Shadows as "This Hammer": B-side of single "Theme for Young Lovers" (1964)
 Sonny Terry & Brownie McGhee on their LP Blues & Shouts (America Records 6075)
 Spencer Davis Group as "The Hammer Song" on their second LP The Second Album (Feb '66)
 Mark Selby as "Nine Pound Hammer" on his LP Nine Pound Hammer
 Ton Steine Scherben as "Nimm den Hammer" on Wenn die Nacht am tiefsten… (1975)
 Troublemakers as "Race Records" on their second LP Express Way (2004)
 Merle Travis
 Townes Van Zandt
 Jimmy Witherspoon on Live in London (recorded 1966)
 Taj Mahal and Toumani Diabate on their album Kulanjan
 Long John Baldry on Remembering Leadbelly (2001)
 Cat Stevens as "Tell 'em I'm Gone" (from the CD/LP Tell 'em I'm Gone) (Legacy, 2014)
 Ralph Stanley as "Nine Pound Hammer" on Short Life of Trouble: Songs of Grayson and Whitter (1996)
 Kimber's Men as "Take this Hammer/Please your Captain" on The Strength of the Swell, the lead vocals on this song are shared between Joe Stead on the first half, and Gareth Scott on the second.
 Willie Watson

Other uses
 The lyrics to the first verse are visible in the liner notes of Brand New's The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me album.
 An award-winning documentary film by Bob Gordon about the building of dry stack stone walls entitled, Take This Hammer (released in September 2008), has a soundtrack featuring the traditional "Nine Pound Hammer" song, which is in the public domain.

References
kak

External links
Columbia State University
Bluegrass Messengers
Tune and lyrics
Old Town School of Folk Music

American folk songs
Lead Belly songs
Mississippi John Hurt songs
Okeh Records singles
Songs about trains


The dorsal digital arteries of foot are small arteries which supply the toes.

See also
 Dorsal digital arteries of hand

External links
 http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_17/17-3.HTM

Arteries of the lower limb


Drulhe (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Durenque is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


The Foscue–Whitfield House, best known as the Foscue House, is a historic Federal style plantation house just outside the city limits of Demopolis, Alabama, United States.

History
The Foscue House was built in 1840 by Augustus Foscue as the family residence for his plantation.  In 1855 Augustus' daughter, Mary Alice Foscue, married Dr. Bryan Watkins Whitfield, son of the builder of Gaineswood.  Augustus died in 1861 and the house was inherited by Mary and her husband.  The house has remained in the Whitfield family to the present day and was recently restored by a descendant.

Description
The house is two and a half stories and built with handmade brick. It features a five-bay facade at the front elevation and a gabled roof.  A new brick addition was built onto the front of the house in 1849, requiring the removal of a two-tiered, columned entrance portico. A smaller columned entrance portico was added at that time.  The full-width front porch with a hipped roof was added in 1920 by Jesse Whitfield, grandson of the builder, replacing the portico from 1849.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Marengo County, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Houses in Demopolis, Alabama
Houses completed in 1840
Plantation houses in Alabama
Whitfield family residences


"Lessons Learned" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence.  It was released in November 1999 as the first single and title track from his album of the same name.  It peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart and at number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks.  Lawrence wrote the song with Larry Boone and Paul Nelson.

Content
Lawrence wrote the song with Larry Boone and Paul Nelson, frequent collaborators of his. The three had also written "Stars over Texas" and "How a Cowgirl Says Goodbye". According to Boone, Lawrence came up with the song's concept but did not have a melody in mind, and the three of them then decided to give the song a sound that would suit Lawrence's style.

The song has a central theme of learning from life experiences. It is composed in the key of F major. The main chord pattern of the verses is B-F-Gm-F/A-B-F-Gm7-C twice, while the chorus follows the pattern B-F-E-B-Gm7-C-F.

Chart performance
The song debuted at number 70 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated November 6, 1999, and charted for 29 weeks on that chart. It reached a peak of number 3 on the chart dated April 1, 2000. It was also Lawrence's only Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.

Year-end charts

References

1999 singles
1999 songs
Tracy Lawrence songs
Songs written by Larry Boone
Atlantic Records singles
Songs written by Tracy Lawrence
Songs written by Paul Nelson (songwriter)


plim may be:

An acronym for:
"Probability limit" (plim) – see  Convergence in probability
"Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy" (PLIM) - An imaging technique similar to Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy but based on phosphorescence rather than fluorescence.
"Physical Layer Information Module" (PLIM) in Router and Switches
"Plant Life Management" (PLIM) in nuclear power
"Programmable Logic In-the-Middle" (PLIM) - A technique in computing where dataflows originated from a CPU are routed through a block of FPGA for analysis and manipulation.


Escandolières (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Espeyrac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Fayet (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the river Dourdou de Camarès.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Fel (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
It is also home to the "Roi du Fel", a notorious korean streamer with over 17k subscribers.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Firmi (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Flagnac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.  Flagnac is home to the Château de Pagax which has been considered a historical monument since 1978. The Lot river flows directly through the commune and has historically been the source of local flooding.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Flavin (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Roseanne Tellez (born October 13, 1962) is an American television reporter and anchor who has been working since 1988. From December 2004 to February 2019, she anchored morning, midday, and evening newscasts for WBBM-TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago, Illinois. Most recently, she was a general assignment reporter and fill-in anchor.

Early life and career
A native of the Washington, DC suburbs in northern Virginia, Tellez earned an A.A. degree from Orange Coast College in 1983, and a B.A. degree in broadcast journalism from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. From 1988 to 1990, she worked for WTLV-TV in Jacksonville, Florida before moving to WGN-TV in Chicago, working for the morning and midday team. Prior to her work in Jacksonville, Tellez worked for KQTV in St. Joseph, Missouri as an anchor and reporter.

On February 18, 2019, Chicago media critic Robert Feder reported that Tellez had resigned from WBBM-TV. Friday, February 15 was her last day at the station.

On February 21, 2019, it was announced that Tellez has joined WFLD-TV as the early morning weekday news anchor, with her first day there as Monday, March 4, 2019.

Personal life
Tellez is divorced with three children. In her spare time, she works in the fight against muscular dystrophy, even hosting the local Muscular Dystrophy Association's annual telethon.

References

WBBM-TV 2 Chicago profile

Living people
People from Virginia
Television anchors from Chicago
Television anchors from Jacksonville, Florida
USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni
1962 births


Florentin-la-Capelle (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Foissac () is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Towneley railway station was a station in Lancashire which served Burnley Wood and the nearby Towneley Hall on the eastern edge of Burnley. Opened on 12 November 1849 by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, it was served by local trains on the Todmorden to Burnley line until closure by British Railways London Midland Region on 4 August 1952. The station house survives as a private residence, whilst the signal box remains in use to supervise a busy level crossing next to the former station site.

References

Disused railway stations in Burnley
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952
1849 establishments in England


Fondamente (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Geography
The village lies on the right bank of the Sorgues, which flows west-southwest through the northern part of the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Fouillade (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gabriac (; ) is a commune in the southern French department of Aveyron.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Gaillac-d'Aveyron is a commune in the Aveyron department in Occitanie region in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Galgan (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Marina del Rey, California from 1990 to 1996. This is a list of titles that were awarded and defended in the UWF.

Not all championships were active during the entire history of the promotion.

UWF Americas Championship
The UWF Americas Championship was a short lived secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation that was created not long before the federation folded.

UWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship
The UWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. It was awarded to Bob Orton, Jr. at a television taping, but it was only defended once.

UWF Israeli Championship
The UWF Israeli Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. It was awarded to Joshua Ben-Gurion in May 1991 and retired in November 1991.

UWF Junior Heavyweight Championship
The UWF Junior Heavyweight Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. Jack Armstrong became the first and only champion by defeating Mando Guerrero at the final UWF show.

UWF MGM Grand Championship
The UWF MGM Grand Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. Tyler Mane became the first and only champion by defeating Steve Ray at the final UWF show.

UWF Midget World Championship
The UWF Midget World Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. At the final UWF show, Little Tokyo beat the Karate Kid to become the first and only champion.

UWF North American Championship
The UWF North American Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. It was awarded to Tony Capone at a television taping and defended once before being retired.

UWF Southern States Championship
The UWF Southern States Championship was a secondary title in the Universal Wrestling Federation.

UWF SportsChannel Television Championship
The UWF SportsChannel Television Championship was the premier title in the Universal Wrestling Federation from 1991 through 1992. The belt was introduced through a 16-man Tournament held during TV Tapings in April 1991 and June 1991. The winner of the tournament was crowned in a finals match at Beach Brawl. The title was named after SportsChannel, the network that aired UWF's weekly series Fury Hour.

UWF Women's World Championship
The UWF Women's World Championship was a title that could only be won by women in the Universal Wrestling Federation.

UWF World Heavyweight Championship
The UWF World Heavyweight Championship was intended to be the premier title of the Universal Wrestling Federation in 1994. It was awarded to Steve Williams on September 23, 1994, but it was not seen again after that show.

UWF World Tag Team Championship
The UWF World Tag Team Championship was a title in the Universal Wrestling Federation. The Killer Bees won the title at the UWF's final show, so the belts were never defended.

See also
List of former Universal Wrestling Federation (Herb Abrams) personnel

References

Championships


Gissac () is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

The Château de Montaigut is a medieval castle that is open to visitors.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Golinhac is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Goutrens  is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Graissac () is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Argences-en-Aubrac.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Gramond (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Grand-Vabre (; ) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Conques-en-Rouergue.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Huparlac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lacalm (; Languedocien: La Calm) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Argences-en-Aubrac. Lacalm is located northwest of the plateau of Aubrac, in contact with the Viadène on Lebot river. Its area is 2649 hectares ( 26.49 km2 ) with an altitude between 981 meters and 1284 meters.
The Church of Lacalm is very old, with two very distinct parts, the actual church is Romanesque, with a semi-circular apse and the bell tower is square and no particular style. A plausible explanation is that the main tower of the fort of Lacalm may have been moved to serve both as a watchtower and bell tower, without attracting the attention of English by the presence of a military structure. The Church of Lacalm, characteristic of Romanesque style, contains a massive arch resting on two columns semicircular in capitals representing the fighters carrying an oval shield, which would place it was built around the eleventh century. We also note the presence of a splendid way of the cross and the arms of the Rolland bugle.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Lacroix-Barrez  is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Laissac () is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Laissac-Sévérac-l'Église. It is located by the river Aveyron and National Highway 88 between Lapanouse and Rodez.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016
Ruteni


Lanuéjouls (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lapanouse (; ) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sévérac-d'Aveyron.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

External links

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Lapanouse-de-Cernon (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lassouts () is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Laval-Roquecezière is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lavernhe () is a former commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sévérac-d'Aveyron.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Former communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Lédergues (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Geography
The commune is traversed by the Cérou river.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lescure-Jaoul (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar, KCSI (17 March 1911 – 15 February 2009), was a ruler of Naruka dynasty of the Indian princely state of Alwar, Rajasthan from July 22, 1937 to 15 Aug 1947. Also, he was the last ruling Maharaja of Alwar.

Maharaja of Alwar
Tej Singh, a remotely related cousin of the previous ruler, Sir Jai Singh Prabhakar, was selected by the British to rule Alwar, as Sir Jai Singh had been deposed by them for gross misrule. Initially he had limited administrative control, but was given executive authority eventually in the last days of the British Raj by the Viceroy of India in 1944.

Sir Tej Singh  was a supporter of Hindu nationalism through the Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, and hosted the Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha of which he served as president in 1947.  He opposed Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement.  There is speculation that he supported and funded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.  He appointed Dr N.B. Khare as his prime minister who failed to prevent, and some say encouraged pushing, Alwar into sectarian violence that saw Muslims forcefully converted, forced out, and in some cases murdered during the Partition of India.  He was accused but found innocent of playing a role in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, with a claim (never upheld) that the revolver used in the assassination came from Sir Tej Singh. His association with the implicated Hindu Mahasabha and a prominent suspect at the time, Dr N.B. Khare (his Prime Minister), added to the suspicion. The issue remains controversial to this day.

Sir Tej Singh ruled for a decade, from 1937-1947, with administrative control only granted in 1944,  before the coming of Indian independence in 1947.

In 1948, possibly under pressure during the Gandhi assassination investigation, Sir Tej Singh agreed that Alwar be merged with other Eastern Rajputana princely states to form the Matsya Union; the union merged into that of Greater Rajasthan the following year. After 1948, Sir Tej retired to his New Delhi residence, Alwar House, where he lived for the next six decades, visiting his former kingdom but rarely.

Derecognition
H.H. Sir Tej Singh Bahadur was formally dispossessed of his titles in 1971 as part of the mass derecognition drive of the royal families' status. During the Indian Emergency, tax inspectors under the Indira Gandhi regime forcibly searched the Alwar palaces.

Sir Tej Singh passed away at his Alwar House, New Delhi residence, on 15 February 2009, a month away from his 98th birthday. He was cremated at Delhi. He was one of the last surviving princely rulers of the old British Raj and was the last living member of the Order of the Star of India. He was succeeded as Maharaja of Alwar by his grandson, Jitendra Singh.

Personal life

In 1931, Tej Singh married Chand Kanwarji of Jodhpur (d. 1998). The couple had two sons and three daughters:
1. Pratap Singh (17 June 1938 – 27 March 1976). Killed under mysterious circumstances at Alwar during the Indian Emergency. Married on 26 April 1962 to the Princess of Bundi Mahendra Kumari, MP (6 February 1942 – 27 June 2002), and had one son and one daughter:
Jitendra Pratap Singh (12 June 1971-), who succeeded as HH Raj Rishi Sawai Maharaja Jitendra Pratap Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar upon his grandfather's death on 15 February 2009 (see article)
 Minakshi Kumari.
2. Yashwant Singh (19 September 1939-). Married Brinda Kumari (1942-), and has one son and two daughters:
Yogendra Singh (3 March 1959-)
Bhuvneshwari Kumari (1960-)
Sohini Kumari (5 January 1968-)
3.  Pratap Kumari
4.  Bhanu Kumari
5.  Man Kumari

Titles

1911-1937: Sri Tej Singh
1937-1943: His Highness Raj Rishi Sri Sawai Maharaja Tej Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar
1943-1944: His Highness Raj Rishi Sri Sawai Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar, KCSI
1944-1945: Captain His Highness Raj Rishi Sri Sawai Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar, KCSI
1945-1946: Lieutenant-Colonel His Highness Raj Rishi Sri Sawai Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar, KCSI
1946-1971: Colonel His Highness Raj Rishi Sri Sawai Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar, KCSI

Honours

(ribbon bar, as it would look in 1950)
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal-1935
King George VI Coronation Medal-1937
Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI)-1943
War Medal 1939-1945-1945
Africa Star-1945
Italy Star-1945
1939-1945 Star-1945
India Service Medal-1945
Indian Independence Medal-1947

References

http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/a/alwar.html (Dead link: wayback machine copy)

1911 births
2009 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Tej
Indian knights


Lestrade-et-Thouels (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

Relation to Inspector Lestrade

The village of Lestrade-et-Thouels is considered as a possible origin of the family name "Lestrade", made famous through the character Inspector Lestrade who appears in numerous Sherlock Holmes stories. Arthur Conan Doyle is known to have given the fictional inspector the name of a friend from his days at the University of Edinburgh, a Saint Lucian medical student, Joseph Alexandre Lestrade. The ancestry of Joseph Lestrade is not sufficiently known to establish a certain link between him and the French village.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Lestradeetthouels
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Livinhac-le-Haut (from Latin Livinius, name of the Roman general who had a camp in (ac) the area) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

Personalities
Livinhac-Le-Haut is the birthplace of several great thinkers and philosophers:

Pierre Laromiguiere (1756–1837) was amongst other things a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science.
Prosper Alfaric (1876–1955) started as a priest then left the church. He taught history of religions at Strasbourg University and was a member of the Union rationaliste.
Camille Couderc (1860–1933) archivist at la Bibliothèque Nationale, professor of bibliographie ecole des Chartes, president of the Societe des lettres, Science et Art de l'Aveyron.

Sights
Livinhac used to be known as the garden of the Aveyron because of its fertile fields by the beautiful river Lot and was famous for its suspension bridge built at the beginning of the 19th century when the neighbouring town of Decazeville developed as an important industrial town because of its coal mines.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Loubière (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Company was a monthly fashion, celebrity and lifestyle magazine published in the United Kingdom from 1978.

History and profile
The magazine was started in 1978. It celebrated its 30th birthday in 2008, and in that time has had only six editors: Maggie Goodman, Gil Hudson, Mandi Norwood, Fiona Macintosh, Sam Baker, and the current editor, Victoria White. The magazine was published on a monthly basis and generally featured celebrities on its covers.

In 2014, the magazine moved online-only. Its last print edition was published in October 2014. The magazines website address www.company.co.uk now redirects to that of Cosmopolitan magazine.

Association with Britain's Next Top Model
The winner of Britain's Next Top Model was awarded the cover as well as a six-page editorial with Company. Currently, there have been seven such winners: Lianna Fowler, Lauren McAvoy, Alex Evans, Mecia Simson, Tiffany Pisani, Jade Thompson, Letitia Herod and Lauren Lambert.

References

External links
Official website

1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
2014 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Fashion magazines published in the United Kingdom
Lifestyle magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Magazines established in 1978
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Online magazines published in the United Kingdom
Online magazines with defunct print editions


Luc-la-Primaube (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France, in Occitanie, 10 kilometres south of Rodez. Its inhabitants are called Lucois or Primaubois, after the two towns in the commune, Luc and La Primaube, which are  apart.

Commune name
Luc-la-Primaube was called Luc until September 12, 2005. The new name was made official by the decree n° 2005-1155 of the bearing September 12, 2005.

Geography
Luc is a small town where the commune's town hall is located. La Primaube is a commercial small town built on flat ground, without river or hill, which has a church with a bell-tower, and a commercial area with fountains. Luc-Primaube station has rail connections to Toulouse and Rodez.

History
The history of Luc-la-Primaube is related to the old parish of Capelle Saint-Martin, which was formerly under the domination of the abbey of Bonnecombe. The relic of Saint-Martin once brought many people to the parish to cure the disease known as "worms". Today the relic is located at the Sainte-Anne old people's home.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Lugan (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Maleville (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France. Nothing is worth the risk. Nothing is worth the risk.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Manhac  is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Marcillac-Vallon (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron
Aveyron communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Feinan, Feynan or Faynan may refer to:

Punon, one of the stations of the Exodus mentioned in the Bible
Wadi Feynan, a seasonal river valley in southern Jordan
Khirbat Faynan, the ancient town of Phaino, now an archaeological site in the Wadi Feynan