The Rapa Nui calendar was the indigenous lunisolar calendar of Easter Island. It is now obsolete.

Attestation
William J. Thomson, paymaster on the USS Mohican, spent twelve days on Easter Island from December 19 to 30, 1886. Among the data Thomson collected were the names of the nights of the lunar month and of the months of the year:

The natives reckoned their time, and in fact do so still by moons or months, commencing the year with August, which was, according to the traditions,the time when Hotu-Matua and his followers landed upon the island.

Months
Thomson recorded the months as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
!Rapanui name !! Meaning !! Western equivalent, 1886–1887
|-
|Anekena
|
|August
|-
| Hora-iti
| little summer
| September
|-
| Hora-nui
| big summer
| October
|-
| Tangarouri
|
| part of November
|-
| Kotuti
|
| November and December
|-
| Ruti
|
| December and January
|-
| Koro
|
| January
|-
| Tuaharo
|
| February
|-
| Tetuupu
|
| March
|-
| Tarahao
|
| April
|-
| Vaitu-nui
| big winter
| May
|-
| Vaitu-poto
| short winter
| June
|-
| Maro or Temaro
|
| July
|}

Days

The month was divided in two, beginning with the new and full moon. Thomson recorded the calendar at the time of his visit to the island as follows. The new moon occurred on November 25 and again on the night of December 24; Thompson records the crescent was first visible on November 26.

{| class="wikitable"
!Rapanui name !! Meaning !! Western  equivalent, 1886
|-
| Kokore tahi
| first kokore
| November 27
|-
| Kokore rua
| second kokore
| November 28
|-
| Kokore toru
| third kokore
| November 29
|-
| Kokore hâ
| fourth kokore
| November 30
|-
| Kokore rima
| fifth kokore
| December 1
|-
| Kokore ono
| sixth kokore
| December 2
|-
| Maharu
| first quarter
| December 3
|-
| Ohua
|
| December 4
|-
| Otua
|
| December 5
|-
| Ohotu
|
| December 6
|-
| Maure
|
| December 7
|-
| Ina-ira
|
| December 8
|-
| Rakau
|
| December 9
|-
! Omotohi
! full moon
! December 10
|-
| Kokore tahi
| first kokore
| December 11
|-
| Kokore rua
| second kokore
| December 12
|-
| Kokore toru
| third kokore
| December 13
|-
| Kokore hâ
| fourth kokore
| December 14
|-
| Kokore rima
| fifth kokore
| December 15
|-
| Tapume
|
| December 16
|-
| Matua
|
| December 17
|-
| Orongo
| first quarter
| December 18
|-
| Orongo taane
|
| December 19
|-
| Mauri nui
|
| December 20
|-
| Marui  kero
|
| December 21
|-
| Omutu
|
| December 22
|-
| Tueo
|
| December 23
|-
! Oata
! new moon
! December 24
|-
| Oari
|
| December 25
|-
| Kokore tahi
| first kokore
| December 26
|}

The three sources we have correspond with each other except for two intercalary days (in bold), and the night of the new moon in Englert, which seems to have been confused with one of these. Beginning with (o)ata, the night of the new moon, they are:

*New moon, full moon, and first and last quarters.

The kokore are unnamed (though numbered) nights; tahi, rua, toru, haa, rima, ono are the numerals 1–6. The word  is cognate with Hawaiian ‘a‘ole "no" and Maori kahore "no" and Tahitian ‘aore "there is/are not"; here it may mean "without [a name], nameless".

Analysis
The calendar collected by Thomson is notable in that it contains thirteen months. All other authors mention only twelve, and Métraux and Barthel find fault with Thomson:

Thomson translates Anakena as August and suggests that the year began at that time because Hotu-Matua landed at Anakena in that month, but my informants and Roussel (1869) give Anakena as July.

We are basing the substitution on the lists by Metraux and Englert (ME:51; HM:310), which are in agreement. Thomson's list is off by one month.

However, Guy calculated the dates of the new moon for years 1885 to 1887 and showed that Thomson's list fit the phases of the moon for 1886. He concluded that the ancient Rapanui used a lunisolar calendar with kotuti its embolismic month (AKA "leap month"), and that Thomson chanced to land on Easter Island in a year with a leap month.

The days hotu and hiro appear to be intercalary. A 28-day calendar month needs one to two intercalary days to keep in phase with the 29½-day lunar month. One of the rongorongo tablets may describe a rule for when to add these days.

References

Easter Island
Specific calendars
Rongorongo


The 1996 King of the Ring was the fourth annual King of the Ring professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) that featured the 10th King of the Ring tournament. The event took place on June 23, 1996, from the MECCA Arena in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

The main event was a standard wrestling match for the WWF Championship. Shawn Michaels defeated British Bulldog to retain the title, with Mr. Perfect serving as the special guest enforcer. The undercard featured the 1996 King of the Ring tournament, which was won by Stone Cold Steve Austin.

Other matches on the undercard included a WWF Intercontinental Championship match between champion Goldust and challenger Ahmed Johnson, Mankind versus The Undertaker, The Ultimate Warrior versus Jerry "The King" Lawler, and a WWF Tag Team Championship match between champions The Smoking Gunns (Billy Gunn and Bart Gunn) and challengers The Godwinns (Henry O. Godwinn and Phineas I. Godwinn).

Austin's victory speech after winning the 1996 King of the Ring tournament gave rise to the "Austin 3:16" tag line, which would go on to become one of the most popular catchphrases in the history of professional wrestling and the event has been cited by WWE as the starting point of the Attitude Era.

Production

Background
King of the Ring was a pay-per-view (PPV) event held annually in June by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) since 1993. The PPV featured the King of the Ring tournament, a single-elimination tournament that was established in 1985 and held annually until 1991, with the exception of 1990; these early tournaments were held as special non-televised house shows. The winner of the tournament was crowned "King of the Ring." Unlike the non-televised events, the PPV did not feature all of the tournament's matches. Instead, several of the qualifying matches preceded the event with the final few matches then taking place at the pay-per-view. There were also other matches that took place at the event as it was a traditional three-hour pay-per-view. Considered as one of the WWF's "Big Five" PPVs, along with the Royal Rumble, WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, the company's five biggest shows of the year, the 1996 event was the fourth King of the Ring PPV and 10th tournament overall. It was held on June 23, 1996 at the MECCA Arena in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Several weeks prior to King of the Ring, the contracts of Kevin "Diesel" Nash and Scott "Razor Ramon" Hall expired and the two men left the WWF to join the promotion's main competitor, World Championship Wrestling (WCW). After their final WWF match at Madison Square Garden on May 19, Nash and Hall embraced their real-life friends Michael Hickenbottom (wrestling as Shawn Michaels) and Paul Levesque (wrestling as Hunter Hearst Helmsley). At the time, Michaels and Hall were portraying heroic characters and Nash and Levesque were portraying villainous characters; WWF management thus saw the incident as a major breach of kayfabe. However, as Nash and Hall had left the company, and Michaels was the WWF Champion and a huge box-office draw, punishment fell solely on Levesque. As a result, Levesque's anticipated "push" into the main event — which would've started with a King of the Ring tournament victory — was delayed.

Storylines
King of the Ring featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing feuds, plots, and storylines that were played out on Monday Night Raw—WWF's television program. Wrestlers portrayed a villain or a hero as they followed a series of events that built tension, and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

The pay-per-view event featured the annual King of the Ring single elimination bracket tournament. The qualification for the tournament started on the May 27, 1996, episode of Raw, with The Ultimate Warrior wrestling the WWF Intercontinental Champion Goldust to a double count-out and Vader defeating Ahmed Johnson. The qualification continued on the June 2 episode of Superstars as Justin "Hawk" Bradshaw defeated Henry Godwinn. On the June 3 edition of Raw, Stone Cold Steve Austin and Jake "The Snake" Roberts qualified for the tournament by defeating Bob "Spark Plug" Holly and Hunter Hearst Helmsley, respectively. On the June 9 episode of Superstars, Savio Vega defeated Marty Jannetty in a qualification match. On the June 10 episode of Raw, the qualification for the tournament ended as "Wildman" Marc Mero defeated Skip and Owen Hart defeated Yokozuna. The first quarterfinal match of the tournament took place on the June 16 episode of Superstars, with Roberts defeating Bradshaw. On the June 17 episode of Raw, Austin defeated Vega and Mero defeated Hart in the remaining quarterfinal matches. Vader received a bye in the quarterfinals due to Warrior and Goldust's qualifying match resulting in a double count-out.

The main rivalry heading into the event was between Shawn Michaels and the British Bulldog over the WWF Championship. At In Your House 8, Michaels defended the title against Bulldog in a match that resulted in a no contest as both men's shoulders were down on the mat. Although the referee Earl Hebner awarded Michaels the victory, Bulldog's wife Diana Smith, brother-in-law Hart and manager Jim Cornette handed Bulldog the belt. The on-screen WWF President Gorilla Monsoon declared the match a no contest. On the June 3 episode of Raw, Monsoon announced that Michaels would defend the title against Bulldog in a rematch at King of the Ring and allowed Camp Cornette to choose a special guest referee for the match. On the June 17 episode of Raw, Jim Cornette announced that Mr. Perfect would be the guest referee for the match.

Another predominant feud heading into the event was between The Undertaker and Mankind. On the April 1 episode of Raw, Mankind made his WWF debut and defeated Bob Holly. Later that night, Mankind attacked The Undertaker during his match with Justin Bradshaw. On the May 13 episode of Raw, Vince McMahon conducted an in-ring interview segment with The Undertaker and Paul Bearer. Mankind attacked The Undertaker, who was distracted by Goldust and his valet Marlena. At In Your House 8, Mankind helped Goldust in retaining the WWF Intercontinental Championship against The Undertaker in a Casket match. This led to a match between The Undertaker and Mankind at King of the Ring.

On the May 27 episode of Raw, Warrior wrestled the WWF Intercontinental Champion Goldust to a double count-out in a King of the Ring qualifying match when Goldust tried to leave ringside and was attacked in the aisle by Warrior. After the match ended, Jerry "The King" Lawler tried to retrieve a director's chair for Goldust's valet Marlena, but Warrior grabbed the chair and destroyed it. Lawler had been critical of a comic book released by Warrior and made statements about how it would have been better if he did the artwork. On the June 10 episode of Raw, Lawler interviewed Warrior and apologized to him for costing him his qualifying match against Goldust and offered a portrait of Warrior as a present. Warrior rejected the apology and the present. Lawler attacked Warrior, leading to a match between the two at King of the Ring. In an interview on the DVD The Self-Destruction of the Ultimate Warrior, Lawler was very unhappy with the setup of the incident, as Warrior unexpectedly arrived in the ring wearing a baseball cap to promote his comic book.

On the May 27 episode of Raw, Ahmed Johnson got into an altercation with Goldust in a backstage segment after losing a King of the Ring qualifying match to Vader. On the June 3 episode of Raw, WWF President Gorilla Monsoon announced that Goldust would defend the title against Johnson at King of the Ring.

At In Your House 8, The Smoking Gunns (Billy Gunn and Bart Gunn) defeated The Godwinns (Henry O. Godwinn and Phineas I. Godwinn) to win the WWF Tag Team Championship. As a result of the Godwinns losing the titles, their valet Sunny became the manager of the Gunns. Due to the betrayal of Sunny, the Godwinns continued their rivalry with the Gunns, leading to a tag title match between the two teams at King of the Ring.

Event
Before the event aired live on pay-per-view, The Bodydonnas (Skip and Zip) wrestled The New Rockers (Marty Jannetty and Leif Cassidy) in a match that aired live on Free for All. Bodydonnas won when Skip pinned Cassidy after Bodydonnas' manager Cloudy kissed Cassidy. The match was followed by a non-televised match in which Hunter Hearst Helmsley defeated Aldo Montoya.

Preliminary matches

As the event concluded, the semi-final round of the King of the Ring tournament started. The first semi-final match pitted Marc Mero against Stone Cold Steve Austin. During the match, Austin's mouth was badly injured. Mero whipped Austin through the ropes and then backdropped Austin. Austin attacked Mero with a Boot in the corner and tried to throw Mero out of the ring but Mero tossed Austin outside the ring. Mero delivered a Plancha to Austin causing Austin to bleed from his mouth. Mero returned to the ring and hit a Suicide Dive on Austin. Mero tried to pin Austin after a Missile Dropkick but got a near-fall. Austin regained his momentum and tried to pin Mero after a Hotshot but Mero kicked out of it. Austin followed by hitting Mero with a Stone Cold Stunner to win the match.

The next semi-final match was between Jake Roberts and Vader. Vader dominated Roberts with a Body Press and a Running Splash. Roberts booted Vader and hit a Swinging Knee Lift. Roberts tried to finish the match by attempting a DDT on Vader but Vader backed him into the corner and tried to hit a Short-arm Clothesline. Roberts countered and hit a Short-arm Clothesline of his own. Roberts ran through the ropes but Vader hit him with a Running Splash and tried to charge Roberts into the corner. Roberts avoided the charge and tried to hit a DDT on Vader but Vader used the referee as a human shield to prevent himself from getting a DDT. As a result of using the referee, Vader was disqualified. Vader assaulted Roberts after the match and injured him by hitting a Vader Bomb.

In the next match, The Smoking Gunns defended the WWF Tag Team Championship against The Godwinns. The Gunns got the earlier advantage in the match when Billy distracted Phineas and Bart attacked Phineas from behind. However, Godwinns got advantage and dominated most part of the match. In the closing moments of the match, Bart hit a Boot to Phineas, allowing Billy to pin Phineas with a roll-up.

The fourth match was between The Ultimate Warrior and Jerry Lawler. Lawler brought a scepter to the ring during his entrance. As Warrior was making his entrance, Lawler started attacking Warrior with the scepter and used many dirty tactics to weaken Warrior. Lawler tried to finish the match with a Piledriver but Warrior did not sell and began dominating Lawler with a series of clotheslines. Warrior hit Lawler with a Running Shoulder Block and pinned him to win the match.

The fifth match was between The Undertaker and Mankind. The Undertaker started the match by attacking Mankind with a Flying Clothesline. Undertaker followed with the "Old School". Mankind gained momentum by a Bodyslam. The action continued until it was carried onto outside. Mankind grabbed a chair to nail Undertaker with it but Undertaker kicked Mankind into the chair. The Undertaker backdropped Mankind into the ring and the two returned to the ring. Undertaker's manager Paul Bearer distracted the referee, allowing Undertaker to attack Mankind with a chair. Undertaker followed by a Big Boot and tried to finish the match by attempting a Tombstone Piledriver. Mankind slipped out of the move and hit a Swinging Neckbreaker. Mankind tried to finish The Undertaker with a Mandible Claw, but The Undertaker blocked the move and was kicked by Mankind. The action returned to the floor where Mankind smashed his elbow on Undertaker against the steel steps. He tried to attack Undertaker with a Diving Elbow Drop through the apron but Undertaker blocked the move with the chair. Mankind returned to the ring and hit Undertaker with a Piledriver. Mankind grabbed Undertaker's urn and tried to attack him with it, but Bearer snatched the urn from Mankind. Mankind focused on Undertaker and applied a Mandible Claw on Undertaker. Bearer tried to hit Mankind with the urn but Mankind pulled Undertaker to prevent from being hit and Undertaker was hit with the urn. This allowed Mankind to apply another Mandible Claw on Undertaker. As a result, Mankind was awarded the victory by TKO.

Main event matches
In the sixth match of the event, Goldust defended the WWF Intercontinental Championship against Ahmed Johnson. Johnson dominated most of the match. Goldust had nearly won the match after applying a Sleeper Hold, which he called Good Night Sweet Charlotte but did not pin Johnson and tried to further assault him but Johnson countered and hit Goldust with a Sitout Pearl River Plunge to win the match and the Intercontinental Championship.

Next was the final round match of the King of the Ring tournament pitting Stone Cold Steve Austin against Jake Roberts. WWF President Gorilla Monsoon came to the ring during the match and offered Roberts to stop the match due to his rib injury suffered in his semifinal match against Vader. Roberts regrouped and refused to forfeit. He began attacking Austin and attempted to hit a DDT, but Austin avoided the move and began focusing on Roberts' injured ribs. In the end of the match, Austin hit a Stone Cold Stunner to win the match and the King of the Ring tournament. After the match, Austin mocked Roberts' Bible-preacher gimmick during his coronation as King of the Ring by uttering a quote:

The main event featured Shawn Michaels defending the WWF Championship against the British Bulldog. Mr. Perfect was scheduled to referee the match but at the last minute President Gorilla Monsoon decided that Perfect would be refereeing outside the ring (due to Perfect's controversial refereeing at WrestleMania X) while Earl Hebner would be the inside referee. The match went back and forth with Bulldog's wife Diana and manager Cornette interfering on Bulldog's behalf on many occasions during the match. Bulldog's brother-in-law and teammate Owen Hart served as the guest commentator for the entire pay-per-view. In the closing moments of the match, Michaels attempted to hit Bulldog a Hurricanrana but Bulldog countered it into a Sitout Powerbomb. Michaels regained his momentum and hit Bulldog a Flying Forearm Smash, a Diving Elbow Drop and a Superkick, which he called Sweet Chin Music and attempted to pin Bulldog. Hebner and Perfect both began counting the pinfall. Hart left the commentary table and pulled Perfect out of the ring to prevent him from counting the pin but Hebner counted to three, allowing Michaels to win the match and retain the WWF Championship. After the match, Bulldog and Hart attacked Michaels. Johnson came to rescue Michaels until Bulldog and Hart's teammate Vader joined Bulldog and Hart to attack Michaels and Johnson. Warrior came out to rescue Michaels and Johnson from Bulldog, Hart and Vader and this ended the show.

Aftermath
Following the formation of an alliance of Shawn Michaels, Ahmed Johnson and Warrior after Michaels' title defense at King of the Ring, the three were scheduled to compete against Camp Cornette (British Bulldog, Owen Hart and Vader) at In Your House 9. However, after his match with Hart on July 8 edition of Raw, Warrior was released from his WWF contract due to missing several house shows. As a result, Warrior was replaced by Sycho Sid as Michaels and Johnson's tag team partner. At In Your House 9, Camp Cornette defeated Michaels, Johnson and Sid.

The Undertaker continued his rivalry with Mankind after King of the Ring. Mankind interfered in Undertaker's match with Goldust at In Your House 9, causing Goldust to get disqualified. After the match, Undertaker and Mankind brawled with each other and their fight reached the locker room. This led to the first-ever Boiler Room Brawl between the two at SummerSlam which Mankind won after Paul Bearer turned on Undertaker and helped Mankind in winning the match.

After winning the 1996 King of the Ring tournament, Austin quickly rose to stardom and his catchphrase "Austin 3:16" became the most popular catchphrase in professional wrestling history. Austin was pushed as a main eventer as he constantly challenged the inactive Bret "Hitman" Hart to a match. On the October 21 edition of Raw, Hart returned to WWF and made his first in-ring appearance since losing the WWF Championship to Michaels at WrestleMania XII. Hart accepted Austin's challenge to a match and defeated Austin at Survivor Series. The popularity of the "Stone Cold Steve Austin" character was one of the seeds that would germinated into the Attitude Era a year later, with Austin being a major character in WWF storylines and a regular PPV head-liner until his in-ring retirement in 2003.

This would be Ultimate Warrior's final PPV match. His final WWF match was a victory against Owen Hart by DQ. His next appearance in a WWE ring was in a non-wrestling role at WrestleMania XXX in 2014 (almost 18 years later) the day after being inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. He appeared on Raw for the first time since his final match on Raw in nearly 18 years, the night after WrestleMania, and died on the next day.

Results

Tournament brackets
The tournament took place between May 27 and June 23, 1996 (the entire first two rounds were actually done on May 27 and 28, two of the three quarterfinal matches actually occurred before the first round was completed). The tournament brackets were:

Other on-screen personnel

References

External links
 King of the Ring 1996 at Online World of Wrestling
 WWF King of the Ring 1996 at Complete WWE

1996
Events in Milwaukee
1996 in Wisconsin
Professional wrestling in Milwaukee
1996 WWF pay-per-view events
June 1996 events in the United States


Mariana Sansón Argüello (June 6, 1918 – May 6, 2002) was one of the foremost poets  in the history of Nicaragua.  She produced a personal and metaphysical poetry that is recognized as a type of Hispanic American surrealism

Biography
Sansón Argüello was born in León, Nicaragua. Her parents were Joaquín Sansón Balladares and Evangelina Argüello Prado. Her father's carnal  aunt was the 1931 President of the Nicaraguan Feminist League, 1959 Woman of the Americas, and   1969 Nicaraguan Congressional Medal of Honour laureate Angélica Balladares de Argüello, (December 19, 1872 – September 8, 1973). Sansón Argüello studied in La Asunción of León. She was first married to Eduardo Argüello Cervantes. After Eduardo's death she remarried with Dr. Edgardo Buitrago Buitrago on March 26, 1967.

Argüello, similar to those artists from the Renaissance period in Italy, was a complete artist. She was a poet, a writer, a painter, a clothing designer and a plastic artist. She was the first woman to form part of the Nicaragua Academy of Language and was a very known painting professor. She was also mother to three children: María José Argüello, Jorge Eduardo Argüello and Ana Cecilia Argüello. They all inherited the artistic vein.

Some of her published books are Poemas, Horas y sus Voces, and Zoo Fantástico.

Translations
 Francesco Sensidoni

References

 Book "Doña Angelica Balladares de Arguello,La primera dama del Liberalismo", by Francisco Obando Somarriba, Ed. Managua, 1969

External links

https://web.archive.org/web/20070922050938/http://artecabrera.com.ar/biosanson.php

https://web.archive.org/web/20071207213741/http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2000/octubre/12/opinion/opinion-20001012-02.html

1918 births
2002 deaths
20th-century Nicaraguan poets
People from León, Nicaragua
20th-century women writers
Nicaraguan women poets


Doraemon: Nobita in the Wan-Nyan Spacetime Odyssey is a 2004 Japanese animated science fiction disaster film, based on the 24th and very final and last volume of the same name of the Doraemon Long Stories series. Directed by Tsutomu Shibayama, the film premiered in Japan on March 6, 2004. film also marks the 25th anniversary of the Doraemon television series on TV Asahi and the 25th Doraemon feature film. It is also the very final and last Doraemon film to be a counterpart of the 1979 Doraemon anime and include the original cast.

Plot
An elderly dog goes to a time machine, which he plans to use to drive to the future so he can meet with "someone" who gives him a kendama. However, the machine encounters "temporal turbulence" and goes haywire and the dog is regressed back to his infant state, eventually found by a researcher cat. In the present day, Nobita finds a stray dog drowning in a river while playing with Gian and Suneo by the riverside. Feeling sorry for the dog, he decides to take it home by hiding it in a "kennel on the wall" and names it Ichi (originated from "One", which is a homophone of the sound of a barking dog in Japanese), and secretly feeds it and plays with Ichi with his kendama to find. Soon after, he also adopts a stray cat named Zubu (or wet in Japanese, due to the discovery of it in a rainstorm). Eventually, Nobita's mother gets suspicious and checks in on Nobita's room.

To avoid being caught with Ichi and Zubu, he and Doraemon travel through The Anywhere Door to the Mountains, but accidentally finds more stray dogs and cats endangered by deforestation. With so many pets, Nobita and his friends decide to send them back in time, 300 million years ago, where there was no other living beings around. After using the Ray of Evolution to allow them to operate a food-making machine, they depart, with Nobita promising Ichi that he will return later. However, when they try to visit them the next day (from their point of view), they encountered a time-space anomaly, sending them crash landing 1,000 years after their original time-destination; to their surprise, they found out the dogs and cats have overused the Ray of Evolution which makes them evolved enough to form a civilized society that rivaled those of Future Society.

As the time machine is broken, they have to wait until it can be fixed. In the meantime, they explore the society, where they meet with a group of teenage thieves: Bulltaro, Duk, Chiko, and the leader, Hachi. Nobita is certain that Hachi is really bow bow Ichi in disguise, despite the difference in time. Nobita and his friends accompany the thieves in infiltrating an amusement park, where they believe is the location where the thieves' parents are held prisoner. Using a drill, the group arrives at a room containing a time machine, but the group is attacked by the guards and separated; Doraemon is stunned and taken by the guards while the rest are taken prisoner. Meanwhile, the government predicts a cluster of asteroids that will collide with Earth and to evacuate the citizens, they order chunks of Noradium, materials capable of building spacecraft to be sent to the government, but they are stolen by Nekojara, a treacherous high-ranking official.

Doraemon awakes to meet with Nekojara, who explains that he plans to use a Noradium-powered time machine to travel to the future so he can take revenge against humans for abandoning unwanted animals using the "devolve" function on the Ray of Evolution as written in a prophecy book written by his ancestor, Zubu. He manages to trick Doraemon to fix the ray after threatening to kill Shami, an idol cat who Doraemon falls in love with, who is actually his underling. After being freed from prison, the others stage a mission to rescue Doraemon and take the Noradium back. Doraemon manages to break the Ray of Evolution and escapes from the machine with Shami (whom Nekojara abandons) while Nobita and Hachi successfully stop the time machine from functioning. However, a meteor hits the machine and sinks it, rendering the Noradium unusable.

Hachi is also sent underwater and as Nobita rescues Hachi from drowning, Hachi learns that he is in fact Ichi and is the elderly dog shown in the beginning of the film. He remembers that he had stored a Nobita-shaped statue built purely by Noradium. The group takes the statue and delivers it to the government, destroying Nekojara's time machine and captures him and his underling along the way. The government successfully build several spacecraft and quickly evacuate the citizens right before the asteroids fall. As Nobita departs along with his friends in the repaired time machine, he bids Ichi farewell.

Cast

Release
The film was released in Japan on March 7, 2004.

Reception
Doraemon: Nobita in the Wan-Nyan Spacetime Odyssey grossed a total of $3,755,037 in its opening week in Japan. It was the second highest-grossing film in Japan in its opening week, only being beaten by The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The film grossed a total of $26,114,674 in Japan.

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
Doraemon The Movie 25th page

2004 films
2004 anime films
Japanese animated science fiction films
2004 science fiction films
Japanese science fiction films
Nobita in the Wan-Nyan Spacetime Odyssey
Films directed by Tsutomu Shibayama
2004 animated films
Animated films about dogs
Animated films set in amusement parks
Apocalyptic films
Films set in New Zealand
2000s children's animated films
Japanese children's films


Ackley School District v. Hall, 113 U.S. 135 (1885), was a suit to recover principal and interest claimed to be due the defendant on negotiable bonds issued by the plaintiff.

Background
Municipal bonds issued under the authority of law for the payment at all events to a named person or order a fixed sum of money at a designated tune therein limited, being endorsed in blank, is a negotiable security.  Its negotiability is not affected by a provision of the statute under which it was issued that it should be "payable at the pleasure of the district at any time before due."

An act of the Legislature of Iowa entitled "An act to authorize independent school districts to borrow money and issue bonds therefor for the purpose of erecting and completing schoolhouses, legalizing bonds heretofore issued, and making school orders draw six percent interest in certain cases" is not in violation of the provision in the Constitution of that state which declares that "every act shall embrace but one subject and matters properly connected therewith, which subject shall be expressed in the title.

By an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa approved April 6, 1868, it is provided that independent school districts shall have power and authority to borrow money for the purpose of erecting and completing school houses by issuing negotiable bonds of the independent district, to run any period not exceeding ten years, drawing a rate of interest not exceeding ten percent, which interest may be paid semiannually, which indebtedness shall be binding and obligatory on the independent school district for the use of which said loan shall have been made.

The Independent School District of Ackley, Hardin County, Iowa, promises to pay to Foster Brothers, or order at the Hardin County Bank at Eldora, Iowa, on the first day of May, 1872, five hundred dollars for value received, with interest at the rate of ten percent per annum, said interest payable semiannually, on the first day of May and November in each year thereafter at the Hardin County Bank at Eldora, on the presentation and surrender of the interest coupons hereto attached

This bond is issued by the board of school directors by authority of an election of the voters of said school district held on the 23d day of August, 1869, in conformity with the provisions of chapter 98, acts 12, General Assembly of the State of Iowa.

In testimony whereof the said Independent School District, by the board of directors thereof, have caused the same to be signed by the President and secretary, this first day of November, 1869.

Treasurer of Independent School District, Ackley, Hardin County, Iowa, will pay the holder hereof, on the 1st day of November, 1874 at the Hardin County Bank at Eldora, Iowa, twenty-five dollars, for interest due on school house bond No. 8.

Decision
The defendant,...who is averred to be a citizen of New York, became the holder of eight of these obligations with interest coupons attached, each one being endorsed in blank by Foster Brothers, the original payees. This suit was brought to recover the amount due thereon, without any averment in the pleadings as to the citizenship of the payees. The district made defense upon various grounds. The case was tried by the court without the intervention of a jury, and there was a general finding for the plaintiff, upon which a judgment was entered against the district. To that finding and judgment the defendant excepted (but without preserving, by bill of exceptions, the evidence upon which the court acted), and brought this writ of error.

Judgment was affirmed.

See also
 City of Quincy v. Jackson: Supreme Court case on defaulted municipal bonds form Illinois
 Findlay v. McAllister: Supreme Court case on defaulted county bonds from Missouri
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links

United States securities case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
1885 in United States case law
Education in Hardin County, Iowa
Government bonds issued by the United States


Nasi or Nasoi (), also known as Nesi or Nesoi (Nῆσοι), was a village in the Caphyatis (the territory of Caphyae), in Arcadian Azania in ancient Arcadia, Greece.

Nasi was the place where the waters from the Orchomenus plain resurfaced as the river Tragus. The village at this resurgence was called Rheunus. It was situated at 7 stadia (1.1 km) from Caphyae and 50 stades (8 km) from the river Ladon.

The site of Nasi is located near modern Dara.

References

External links
Nassoi at the GTP Travel Pages

Populated places in ancient Arcadia
Arcadian Azania
Former populated places in Greece


The Portland Prowlers were a professional indoor football team based in Portland, Oregon. Playing as a member of the Indoor Professional Football League (IPFL) for the 2000 season, they played their home games at the Memorial Coliseum. This was the second indoor football team based in Portland following the Portland Forest Dragons. The team name was decided in a 'Name the team' contest. The winning name was submitted by several entrants, including Danny Bradach of Portland, Oregon and David Harwood of Concord, California. Contest winners were awarded season tickets for the lifetime of the team.

The Prowlers were announced as an expansion franchise as part of the IPFL in January, 2000. The team did see success on the field in finishing as regular season champions and narrowly losing to the Mississippi Fire Dogs 53-48 for the 2000 championship. However, the success on the field never translated into success in the stands, and the team announced they would not return for the 2001 season on March 23, 2001. Although, the team intended to begin play in the 2002 season in Vancouver, Washington, plans never materialized.

2000 Portland Prowlers IPFL Schedule
Week 1 – Portland Prowlers 52, Louisiana Rangers 36

Week 2 – Portland Prowlers 42, Mississippi Fire Dogs 41

Week 3 – Portland Prowlers 43, Omaha Beef 23

Week 4 – Portland Prowlers 31, Shreveport-Bossier Bombers 10

Week 5 – Mobile Seagulls 19, Portland Prowlers 12

Week 6 – Idaho Stallions 41, Portland Prowlers 30

Week 7 – Portland Prowlers 46, Idaho Stallions 35

Week 8 - bye

Week 9 – Portland Prowlers 61, Louisiana Rangers 55

Week 10 – Portland Prowlers 34, Omaha Beef 30

Week 11 – Portland Prowlers 67, Omaha Beef 54

Week 12 – Portland Prowlers 28, Shreveport-Bossier Bombers 22

Week 13 – Mobile Seagulls 57, Portland Prowlers 41

Week 14 - bye

Week 15 – Mississippi Fire Dogs 39, Portland Prowlers 36

Week 16 – Portland Prowlers 61, Idaho Stallions 14

Week 17 - bye

Week 18 – Portland Prowlers 40, Omaha Beef 26

Week 19 – Portland Prowlers 35, Idaho Stallions 22

IPFL Championship – Mississippi Fire Dogs 53, Portland Prowlers 48

Season-By-Season

|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Portland Prowlers
|-
|2000 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 1st League || Lost to Mississippi in championship
|-

References

Prowlers
Prowlers
Indoor Professional Football League teams
Defunct American football teams in Oregon
2000 establishments in Oregon
2001 disestablishments in Oregon
American football teams established in 2000
American football teams disestablished in 2001


"The Other Woman" is the 78th episode of the serial drama television series Lost and the sixth episode of the show's fourth season. It aired on March 6, 2008 on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States and on CTV in Canada. The episode was written by co-executive producer Drew Goddard and executive story editor Christina M. Kim, and was directed by Eric Laneuville.

The narrative begins on December 24, 2004, 94 days after the crash of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. Recent island arrivals Daniel Faraday (played by Jeremy Davies) and Charlotte Lewis (Rebecca Mader) leave the survivors' camp without notice for the Dharma Initiative electrical station called the Tempest. In flashbacks that depict events on the island, Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) discovers that her boss Ben Linus (Michael Emerson), the leader of the island's original inhabitants referred to as the Others, is in love with her.

The writers advanced several story lines with "The Other Woman". The episode furthers Juliet's back story and relationships, sheds more light on the season's new characters, and features the first appearance of Harper Stanhope (Andrea Roth). The introduction of the Tempest further develops the series' mythology, specifically the "purge". In the third season, the purge was mentioned in episode "Enter 77" and seen in "The Man Behind the Curtain".

"The Other Woman" was watched by 15 million Americans and received mixed reviews. Critics from the Los Angeles Times, Entertainment Weekly, and BuddyTV deemed it the worst episode of the season, partially due to a flashback storyline that was seemingly recycled from the third-season episode, "One of Us". Another criticism was that audiences learned more about Ben than Juliet, despite the episode's focus on Juliet. Emerson received more praise for his acting than Mitchell, but Mitchell won a Saturn Award for her performance. Positive reviews commended the action in the episode's climax.

Plot

The episode opens with flashbacks to Juliet's life on the island following her recruitment in by the Others. Juliet has an affair with an Other named Goodwin (Brett Cullen), who is married to Harper Stanhope. Harper discovers the affair, and warns Juliet that their leader Ben has a crush on Juliet and will punish Goodwin for the affair. Following the crash of Flight 815, Ben sends him to infiltrate a group of surviving passengers; Goodwin is killed by Ana Lucia Cortez after she realizes he is not a survivor. In October 2004, Ben invites Juliet to what he initially describes as a dinner party, but is actually a private date. Ben leads Juliet to Goodwin's impaled corpse, where she accuses him of having wanted Goodwin to die. Ben then reveals his love for her.

On the night of December 24, 2004 (three months after the crash of Flight 815), two members of a science team from the Kahana freighter anchored offshore—Daniel and Charlotte—sneak off to find the Tempest. Juliet and the crash survivors' leader Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) notice their absence from the beach camp and pursue them. After hearing the whispers, Harper approaches Juliet. She tells her that Daniel and Charlotte intend to kill everyone on the island by deploying a lethal gas at the Tempest and that Ben's orders are for Juliet to kill them. On a trek back to the beach in the morning, Kate encounters Daniel and Charlotte and is knocked unconscious by the latter. Jack and Juliet come across Kate and they split up: Juliet continues for the Tempest alone, as Jack minds Kate. Inside the station, Juliet finds Daniel in a hazmat suit at a computer. After a standoff, Daniel and Charlotte convince Juliet that they are not going to kill anyone; they are neutralizing the gas in case Ben decides to use it again, as he had twelve years earlier in an Others-led purge of Dharma. Jack arrives at the Tempest and Juliet explains that those on the freighter came to the island to wage war against Ben and she expects him to win. She fears for Jack because Ben thinks that she belongs to him, but Jack shows no worry and kisses her.

In the Barracks, Ben bargains with 815 survivor John Locke (Terry O'Quinn) for his freedom. He reveals that Charles Widmore (Alan Dale)—the father of Desmond Hume's (Henry Ian Cusick) girlfriend, Penny (Sonya Walger)—owns the freighter and hopes to exploit the island.  Ben also tells Locke who his spy on the freighter is. Ben continues to reside in the Barracks following his release.

Production

When asked about what she learned about her character through "The Other Woman", Elizabeth Mitchell surmised that Juliet's "mistakes are morally questionable, if not morally wrong. But you do see that behind this is a human being who is struggling to live and have a life that makes sense to her." Mitchell did not think that Juliet was too surprised that Ben has romantic feelings for her, but that the circumstances of receiving this information was horrifying because the character had just found out that Goodwin had died. Michael Emerson thought that his character Ben was childish when he shouted "you're mine!" to Juliet; Mitchell compared him to "a twelve-year-old boy throwing a temper tantrum over ... his first love". Mitchell was emotionally drained while shooting this episode because she was intimidated by Emerson and Matthew Fox's acting skills.

Co-executive producer and staff writer Adam Horowitz stated that "It's always interesting to pull back another layer on one of our characters, and to see another chapter in Juliet's story on the island and bring us to where she is now was great", while fellow co-executive producer and staff writer Edward Kitsis thought that "the interesting thing about the episode is the way Ben looks at Juliet ... everything is informed by that look." Horowitz also enjoyed the juxtaposition of Juliet's character development with the revelations on the "freighter folk". Kitsis picked the episode's final scene where Hugo "Hurley" Reyes (Jorge Garcia) and James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) discover that Ben has negotiated his release and will be dining with them that evening as his favorite of the episode. Actress Rebecca Mader, who plays Charlotte, said that she was excited for the episode to air because she thought that it was better than the previous episode, which is widely regarded as one of the best episodes of the series. Charlotte knocks Kate unconscious with the barrel of her gun and asks "what?" to a speechless Daniel in "The Other Woman".  Mader found this hilarious and described it as "the pinnacle of  career".

Andrea Roth makes her first and only appearance as Harper in "The Other Woman". During casting in early October, Harper was described as "a tough, no-nonsense and beautiful  overly controlling and obsessive." The character was initially slated to be a recurring role; however, Harper did not make another appearance in the season.  The writers later stated that she would eventually reappear but this did not happen. A jungle scene with Mitchell, Fox and Roth was filmed until 4:00 a.m. on October 27, 2007, with industrial sprinklers and Mitchell referred to this as her "most intense experience on the show". Harper's appearance and disappearance in this scene are sudden so fans speculated that this was actually an apparition or manifestation of the island's black smoke monster. This was refuted by Losts writers.

Named after William Shakespeare's 1610 play of the same name, the Tempest first appears in "The Other Woman" and is alluded to on an unseen layer of the Dharma "Swan" station's blast door map of the second season. The writers wanted to explain some of the island's history in the fourth season and decided that "The Other Woman" would reveal where the gas that Ben used came from and that Dharma had stations set up for protection against hostile forces. They also enjoyed having Goodwin on the show and wanted to bring him back. "The Other Woman" had commenced filming by October 11, 2007, and was completed on October 30.

"The Other Woman" contains Jack and Juliet's second kiss. Juliet was conceived by the writers as the next possible love interest for Jack after the death of the second season character Ana Lucia Cortez (Michelle Rodriguez). Fans hated Ana Lucia so the writers did not pursue the romantic story arc.  Mitchell guesses that her character was created because "they needed a bridge between Ben and everyone else, and they needed someone to come in and be a little salt in the oyster of Jack and Kate."  She believes that Juliet did genuinely fall in love with Jack, but not knowing whether "her attraction to Jack or her willingness to do anything to get off the island" is more important to her.  Juliet forms something of a "love rectangle" with Jack, Kate and Sawyer.  Mitchell "feel like  a very grown-up relationship.  They seem to really respect and like each other", whereas Sawyer and Kate are like "rambunctious teenagers". The couple gained an Internet fandom and was given the portmanteau nickname "Jacket".

Reception

"The Other Woman" was watched live or recorded and watched within five hours of broadcast by 13.008 million viewers in the United States, ranking seventh for the week in television programs with the most viewers and achieving a 5.4/13 in the coveted adults aged eighteen to forty-nine demographic. Including those who watched within seven days of broadcast, the episode was watched by a total of 14.933 million American viewers; this number went toward the season's average.  1.439 million Canadians watched it, making Lost the eighth highest-rated show of the week.  In the United Kingdom, 1.1 million people viewed the episode. The episode brought in 691,000 viewers in Australia, placing it as the twenty-second most watched show of the night.

A common claim by critics was that more was learned about supporting player Ben than Juliet, the latter of which was centered on in flashbacks. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly praised Emerson's acting, while SyFy Portal's Dan Compora said that "The more I hate Ben, the more I realize that Michael Emerson is just a very fine actor doing his job."  Oscar Dahl of BuddyTV called Emerson an acting "god" and said that while it was a Juliet-centric episode,  Ben made a bigger impression on him. Mitchell received the award for "Best Supporting Actress on Television" at the 34th Saturn Awards for her work in this episode.

"The Other Woman" has been cited as the weakest episode of Lost's fourth season. Despite his claim, Patrick Day of the Los Angeles Times pointed out that "even this so-so episode of Lost stood far above anything else being shown on network TV this season". He described Claire Littleton's (Emilie de Ravin) appearance as heartbreaking because it reminded him of how little the character had done to advance the season's plot.  BuddyTV's John Kubicek said "The Other Woman" was the worst episode of the season so far because it focused on the romantic interests of major characters, while most of the show's audience watches the show for other aspects. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly graded the episode as a "C−" and called it "the only true dud of the season" and criticised the plot. He disliked Roth's performance as "unreal", while TV Guide's Bruce Fretts praised Roth's appearance. Maureen Ryan of Chicago Tribune said that "The Other Woman" was predictable and reused plot elements from previous seasons. The Star-Ledgers Alan Sepinwall considered the episode to be the second weakest of the fourth season after "Eggtown", criticizing the show for not previously explaining the purpose of the Tempest station and redundancy of Juliet's flashbacks.

"The Other Woman" was also the subject of mixed reviews. Tim Goodman of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote that the episode slowed down the pacing of the season, which was noticed by the audience.  Time's James Poniewozik had mixed feelings for the flashbacks, but enjoyed Ben's character development.  Nikki Stafford of Wizard "enjoyed" the "interesting" episode, although "not nearly as much" as the previous episode. She rejoiced at the return of Tom (M.C. Gainey) and wrote that "Locke used to be one of  favorite characters, but now he's a tool". Digital Spy's Ben Rawson-Jones stated that "the episode came together nicely in the end, with an expected twist and a snog, although for a great part it bordered on tedium. Juliet is a character who simply isn't interesting enough to fully sustain one's attention over a flashback. She's been so peripheral and irrelevant over this season, and it felt like a token gesture to foreground her at last. There was a nice pay off though, with a long awaited smooch between her and Jack." Daniel of TMZ graded the episode as a "C+"; however, he wrote that "the Ben/Locke scenes were great and Juliet in a bikini did not disappoint." TV Squad's Erin Martell was "not impressed with Jack and Juliet's chemistry" and found their kiss "unconvincing". Martell commended Emerson's acting, Ben's one-liners and his "too funny for words" casual greeting to Hurley and Sawyer at the end of the episode after he is released from captivity. The Huffington Post's Jay Glatfelter thought that "this was another great episode  could have lived up to last week's episode, but there was still a lot of solid character development."

Verne Gay of Newsday referred to the episode as "yet another brilliant outing by TV's best drama  keeps getting better"; she was not the only critic to give a positive review. E!'s Kristin Dos Santos thought that the fight scene between Juliet and Charlotte in the Tempest was "awesome" and suggested that Alan Dale receive a "lifetime achievement award for his parade of marvelously malicious patriarchs", such as Widmore.  Chris Carabott of IGN gave the episode a score of eight out of ten and described it as "a good episode of Lost that has all the action, suspense and excitement that this show consistently delivers". Carabott wrote that "seeing how twisted [Ben and Juliet's] 'relationship' really is was fascinating". SyFy Portal's Dan Compora wrote that "this week's episode contributed to what is shaping up to be a pretty solid fourth season. … Fine acting carried the episode despite a few potholes in the plot."  Compora also enjoyed the title and the physical altercation between Juliet and Charlotte.

References

External links

"The Other Woman" at ABC

Lost (season 4) episodes
2008 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Drew Goddard

pt:Lost (temporada 4)#Lista de Episódios


John Gilbert (14 September 1930 – 14 September 1998) was a Canadian radio broadcaster.

Gilbert grew up in the Cabbagetown section of Toronto before running away from home to join a carnival when he was 13. He began his broadcasting career in Cornwall, Ontario at age 17 and hosted his first talk show in Saint John, New Brunswick around 1966.

Gilbert was a broadcaster with CJCH Halifax, which was acquired by CHUM Limited in 1970. In February 1971, Toronto's 1050 CHUM announced that he would succeed Larry Solway as host of the talk show Speak Your Mind. In 1973, he became the most successful radio talk show host in Canada with 120 000 measured listeners, more than Vancouver media legend Jack Webster. Gilbert's term with CHUM ended in 1977.

In 1980, Gilbert hosted Night Talk, a weekday late night program planned as a national talk show. However, the CRTC ordered that the network of stations broadcasting the program be cut back from 13 to the six stations then owned by Maclean-Hunter: CKEY Toronto (host station), CFCN Calgary, CFCO Chatham, CHNS Halifax, CKGL-FM Kitchener, and CKOY Ottawa. A year after it launched, it was also broadcast by CJJD Hamilton, CJBQ Belleville, CJNH Bancroft, CHSC St. Catharines, and CHEX Peterborough. The show ran until 1982, when Gilbert re-joined Night Talk co-creator Taylor Parnaby, who had become station manager of CKO.

Career
 years unknown: CKSF, Cornwall, Ontario
  1962: CHEX, Peterborough, Ontario
 years unknown: CFBC, Saint John, New Brunswick
 ???-1971: CJCH, Halifax
 1971-1977: CHUM, Toronto
 1978-1980: CKFH, Toronto
 1980-1982: CKEY Toronto
 1982-1986: CKO, Toronto (national radio network)
 1990s: CKTB, St. Catharines, Ontario

References

External links
 University of British Columbia: Public Affairs Office fonds - #3305 - references 1987 interviews with John Gilbert on CKO
 CBSC Decision CBSC Decision 92/93-0179: CKTB-AM re the John Gilbert Show 26 October 1993
 Vancouver Broadcasters list

1930 births
1998 deaths
Canadian radio personalities


David Hirshleifer is an American economist.  He is a professor of finance and currently holds the Merage chair in Business Growth at the University of California at Irvine. As of 2018 he became President-Elect of the American Finance Association. In 2017, he was elected as Vice President of the American Finance Association (AFA) and assigned as research associate to National Bureau of Economic Research. He was previously a professor at the University of Michigan, Ohio State University, and UCLA. His research is mostly related to behavioral finance and informational cascades.  In 2007, he was on the Top 100 list of most cited economist by Web of Science's Most-Cited Scientists in Economics & Business.

Background
David is the son of Jack Hirshleifer, a deceased UCLA economics professor. He is married to Siew Hong Teoh, Dean's Professor of accounting at the University of California at Irvine. He served in editorial position for the Journal of Finance from 2003 to 2011. In addition, he also served as editor from 2001 to 2007 and executive editor from 2011 to 2014 for the Review of Financial Studies.

Research
Hirshleifer's research areas include the modeling of social influence, theoretical and empirical asset pricing, and corporate finance. He is the originator of the theory of information cascades, and has modeled investor psychology and its effects on security market under- and over-reactions.  His scholarly work on cascades has also received attention from popular economics, with references in both mainstream business and economics media.  He is a contributor to the fields of behavioral economics and behavioral finance.

Much of his work on investor psychology has focused on the effects of biased self-attribution, overconfidence, and limited attention. He and his co-authors were awarded the 1999 Smith Breeden Award for research showing how investor overconfidence, in combination with biased self-attribution, can explain the short-run momentum (finance) and long-run reversal patterns found the returns of many stock markets. More recent work has shown how investor overconfidence may also help explain the forward premium puzzle in foreign exchange markets
.  In his work on limited attention, he has shown that both distracting events and lack of attention to relevant information can help explain important accounting anomalies such as post earnings announcement drift

Hirshleifer's research has taken several approaches to show that stock returns are not exclusively based on relevant financial information, but also incorporate factors such as investors' mood and superstitions.  His paper "Good Day Sunshine: Stock Returns and the Weather," found abnormally high returns in the New York Stock Exchange composite on days that it was abnormally sunny in the New York city area. His research on the Chinese initial public offering market has provided evidence that Chinese companies which contain listing code numbers considered lucky in Chinese culture are initially priced much higher than financially similar Chinese firms debuting with unlucky numbers in their listing codes.

In addition to investor psychology, Hirshleifer also examines behavior of different parties in financial market. His work with Usman Ali developed a method to identify insider tradings for a firm, which can be used to predict this firm's opportunistic behavior such as earnings management, restatements, SEC enforcement actions, shareholder litigation, and executive compensation. This paper is later reported by Justin Lahart on Wall Street Journal. His research, "Psychological Bias as a Driver of Financial Regulations", argued that regulator psychology plays an important role in financial markets.  This research has garnered attention as the 2007 financial crisis has led to greater a scrutiny about the process of setting financial regulation.

Books
Together with his father, Jack Hirshleifer, and the economist Amihai Glazer, Hirshleifer is the coauthor of the microeconomics textbook Price Theory and Applications: Decisions, Information, and Markets.

Selected publications

References

External links
  David Hirshleifer's website.

Economists from California
Financial economists
University of California, Irvine faculty
Living people
1958 births
Ross School of Business faculty
21st-century American economists
Presidents of the American Finance Association
The Review of Financial Studies editors


The Brandeis Judges are 17 intercollegiate sports teams that represent Brandeis University. They compete in the NCAA's Division III in the University Athletic Association conference, which they joined in May 1987. The team colors are blue and white, and their mascots are The Judge and Ollie the Owl.

The centerpiece of Brandeis athletics is the Joseph P. and Clara Ford Athletic and Recreation Complex, one of the largest and best-equipped, multipurpose, indoor athletic facilities in the Northeast.

Benny Friedman, who was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2005, served as Athletic Director from 1949 to 1963 and as head football coach from 1951 to 1960, when the football team was disbanded due to high costs. Bud Collins coached the men's tennis team from 1959 to 1963. Chris Ford (2001–03) was the third former Boston Celtics player to become head coach at Brandeis, following Bob Brannum (1970–86) and K.C. Jones (1967–70).  The basketball and volleyball teams play in the Red Auerbach Arena at the Gosman Sports and Convocation Center. The arena is named after the legendary Boston Celtics coach.

Athletics

Baseball
Brandeis' baseball team advanced to the Division III championship game in 1977, although they lost to Stanislaus State.

Former head coach Pete Varney, who played Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox and Atlanta Braves, retired after 34 years of coaching. Derek Carlson, former player and assistant coach under Pete Varney, is the current head coach of the Brandeis Varsity Baseball program. Pitcher Nelson Figueroa is the first Brandeis graduate to play in Major League Baseball.

Basketball (men's)
The men's basketball team is routinely one of the most competitive Division III teams in the country. The Judges reached four-straight NCAA Tournaments between 2006 and 2010, including Elite 8 teams in 2008 and 2010. Several former players have gone on to play professionally. Three former NBA Boston Celtics players have coached basketball at Brandeis – KC Jones (67–70), Bob Brannum (70–86) and Chris Ford (2001–2003).

Cross country
The cross country team is one of two teams in Brandeis history to win a Division III National Championship, taking home the crown in 1983. The squad is currently coached by Sinead Evans, who competed in the 1996 and 2000 Olympics in the 1500-meter. The 2009 men's cross country team saw junior Paul Norton earn All-American status at the NCAA Division III National Cross Country Meet, the best performance by a male cross country athlete in over a decade.

Fencing
Tim Morehouse ('00) won a silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in Men's team saber in Beijing, China. Brandeis consistently sends several fencers to the NCAA National Championships. Brandeis hosted the NCAA Fencing Championships in 1999, 2004, and 2016.

Soccer (men's)
The men's soccer team won the 1976 NCAA Division III National Championship and has reached the NCAA Division III Tournament 15 times.

In 2012, the team won a share of the UAA title, its first in history, and returned to NCAAs after a 27-year absence, advancing to the Sweet 16 before losing to Williams College. The team ended that year ranked third in New England (behind Williams and Amherst College) and No. 13 in Division III.

In 2013, the Judges again qualified for NCAAs, ending the year ranked No. 15 in Division III, again losing to Williams in the Sweet 16.

In 2014, Brandeis was selected to participate in NCAAs for the third year in a row. The Judges had their best season in recent memory, finishing No. 6 in Division III after advancing to the Elite Eight. Along the way, the Judges defeated eventual NCAA Division III National Champion Tufts University of the NESCAC, 2–0, in the regular season, as well as NESCAC teams Bowdoin College, 1–0, and Amherst, on penalty kick s, in the NCAA Tournament.

The 2015 Brandeis squad won the University Athletic Association title, its second in history and first outright triumph. In the NCAA Tournament, the team then defeated Thomas College 2–1 in the 1st Round and then downed Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in double-overtime by the same scoreline in the 2nd Round before falling to Trinity University (Texas) in the Sweet 16 by a score of 2–0.

In 2016, Brandeis advanced to its first Final 4 since 1976, downing Amherst on PKs once again in the Sweet 16 after a 1–1 draw, and Rutgers-Newark, 4–2, in the Elite 8. The team fell 1–0 to Calvin in the Final 4. Following the loss, veteran head coach Michael Coven, who was with the team for 44 seasons, announced his retirement, and was replaced by Gabe Margolis.

After losing its opening game in 2017, the Judges won 12 of their next 16 to finish the regular season 14–4, second in the UAA. After defeating Western Connecticut in the 1st Round, 3–0, and Rutgers-Newark in the 2nd Round, 1–0, the squad moved on to the Sweet 16, where it beat previously undefeated Drew University, 1–0, setting up an Elite 8 match with defending national champion Tufts University, a team that the Judges had lost to in the regular season. In this match-up, however, Brandeis beat host Tufts, 1–0, in double-overtime, enabling the Judges to move on to their second Final 4 in as many years, and their first Final 4 under Margolis. In the national semifinal, the Judges fell to eventual champion Messiah College, 3–2, in double-overtime, bringing the program's season to a close at 17–5.

The squad also won the ECAC Championship in the 2006, 2010, and 2011 seasons.

Soccer (women's)
The women's soccer team won its first Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference Championship in 2008. Since then, the squad qualified for the NCAA Division III Tournament three times, in 2010, 2012, and 2016. In 2012, the team advanced to the Elite Eight and finished the season ranked the top Division III program in New England and No. 8 in Division III. In 2016, the team advanced to the Division III final four.

Softball
The softball team has qualified for eight-straight postseason tournaments, including its first-ever NCAA Tournament appearance in 2010.

Track and Field
At the Division III championship, Eleena Zhelezov became the first person in NCAA history to win four consecutive triple jump titles.

Football
Brandeis' football team played its first game on September 30, 1950, a road win against Maine Maritime Academy. Their first varsity game was on September 29, 1951, with a home loss against the University of New Hampshire. Its first varsity win was a score of 24–13, an away game at Hofstra University on October 6, 1951. The team won four of nine games during its first season. Brandeis Stadium opened in time for a home win against American International College on October 13, 1951.

On May 16, 1960, Brandeis announced it would discontinue its varsity football team. President Abram Sachar pointed to the cost of the team as one reason for the decision. Brandeis' football coach Benny Friedman said it was difficult to recruit football players who were also excellent students with so much competition in the Boston metropolitan area. Brandeis said the discontinuation of varsity football would allow it to expand intercollegiate activity in other sports.

During its nine years of varsity play, Brandeis' football team recorded 34 wins, 33 losses, and four ties.

Facilities
The Gosman Sports and Recreation Center is the main athletic center on campus and includes indoor and outdoor facilities for the sports offered at the university. Since the building opened in 1991, the university has hosted four NCAA championships. The Gosman Center also served as the pre-season training home and practice facility of the Boston Celtics between 1991 and 1999.

Club and intramural sports
Brandeis also has 19 club sports and numerous intramural sports. The club sports include sailing which used to be a varsity sport, rugby union, ultimate, crew, lacrosse, field hockey, squash, men's volleyball, skiing and martial arts. The Brandeis archery team hosts the annual Shamrock Shoot, which routinely draws Olympians.

Students, staff, and faculty are allowed to play on intramural teams. Intramural sports include soccer, volleyball, basketball, innertube water polo, dodgeball, softball, and more

Notable Brandeis alumni in sports
Numerous Brandeis alumni have played major roles in the world of sports.

 Nelson Figueroa '98: Major League Baseball pitcher.
 Andy Jick '74: Public address announcer for the Boston College Eagles at the Conte Forum. PA announcer for the Boston Celtics from 1980 to 1997, announcing five NBA Finals.
 Myra Hiatt Kraft '64: Philanthropist and late wife of Bob Kraft, owner of the New England Patriots NFL football team.
 Jeffrey Lurie Phd. '87: Owner of the Philadelphia Eagles NFL football team.
 Tim Morehouse '00: Fencer, Silver Medal winner in Men's Team Sabre at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

References

External links


Gober C. Sosebee (October 15, 1915 – November 11, 1996) was an American racecar driver. He won on the Daytona Beach Road Course in 1949, 1950, and 1951.  He was born in Dawson County, Georgia, and began his career in 1940 at Atlanta's Lakewood Speedway.

Sosebee also won two Grand National Series races, one in 1952 and another in 1954. He also had four pole positions (including his first NASCAR race at Daytona Beach) and 33 top-10 finishes during his career, and also ran five races in the NASCAR Convertible Division.

His son, David Sosebee, was also a NASCAR driver.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Grand National Series

Daytona 500

References

External links

1915 births
1996 deaths
People from Dawsonville, Georgia
Sportspeople from the Atlanta metropolitan area
Racing drivers from Georgia (U.S. state)
NASCAR drivers


Ivo Welch, a German-born   economist and finance academic. He is the J. Fred Weston Professor of Finance at UCLA Anderson School of Management.
He completed his BA in computer science in 1985 at Columbia University, and both his MBA and PhD in finance at the University of Chicago.

His research has focused on financial economics and informational cascades.
Publications include articles in academic journals and the popular press, in addition to a self published Corporate Finance textbook.
He was previously on the faculties of the Yale School of Management (Professor of Economics and Finance) and Brown University's economics department (Professor of Financial Economics).
He is an National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Research Associate. He has been editor of the Critical Finance Review since inception.

Professor Welch is a two-time recipient of the Michael Brennan Award. He ranked about 50th by downloads on SSRN. in 2014, but has since slipped to 100th (by 2021), both by downloads and by cites.  In 2006, he ranked 54th on the Web of Science list of "Most-Cited Scientists in Economics & Business"; in 2007 (the last year of the rankings), he ranked 57th.   On Google Scholar, his work had gathered about 40,000 cites in 2019, increasing by about 2,500 cites per year thereafter.  In the German Handelsblatt VWL Rankings of economists with German background 2019, his life work was ranked second (behind Roman Inderst) for finance professors and sixth among all economics professor.   He is a Humboldt Foundation 2015 fellow.

References

External links

German economists
21st-century American economists
Living people
University of Chicago Booth School of Business alumni
Columbia University alumni
1963 births
Financial economists
Corporate finance theorists
Brown University faculty
Yale School of Management faculty
UCLA Anderson School of Management faculty


Oedemera is a genus of beetles of the family Oedemeridae, subfamily Oedemerinae.

Description
Species in the genus Oedemera include slender, soft-bodied beetles of medium size, between 5 and 20 mm of length. Their colours may be bright and metallic (green, golden, copper), black and yellow and brown and black. The jaws are bifid at the apex, the last segment of maxillary palps is narrow and elongated, the antennae are long and threadlike. The elytra of most species are narrowed behind exposing part of the hind wings. The pronotum lacks lateral edges and is much narrower than elytra. The tibiae have two apical spines, in most species the hind femora of males are strongly dilated.

Biology and ecology
The species of the genus Oedemera feed on pollen and nectar and their body is covered with abundant pubescence on which pollen grains remain attached, thus contributing to pollination of the plants they frequent.

The species of the subgenus Oncomera fly at dusk and at night, visiting the flowers and inflorescences of aromatic shrubs and various plants (Clematis, Crataegus, Tilia, Quercus, etc.).

By contrast, the species of the subgenus Stenaxis and Oedemera s. str. are diurnal, flying in full sun in the middle of the day and visiting flowers of different families such as Asteraceae, Cistaceae, Apiaceae, etc..

Distribution
This genus includes about eighty species, distributed from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to Kamchatka, Kuriles, Japan and Taiwan, with some species in North Eastern Region.

List of species

Subgenus Oedemera s. str.
 O. (O.) afghana
 O. (O.) algerica
 O. (O.) annulata
 O. (O.) atrata
 O. (O.) barbara
 O. (O.) basalis
 O. (O.) basipes
 O. (O.) brevipennis
 O. (O.) crassipes
 O. (O.) cretica
 O. (O.) croceicollis
 O. (O.) femorata
 O. (O.) flavipennis
 O. (O.) flavipes
 O. (O.) graeca
 O. (O.) hispanica
 O. (O.) inapicalis
 O. (O.) lateralis
 O. (O.) lurida
 O. (O.) melanopyga
 O. (O.) monticola
 O. (O.) nobilis
 O. (O.) penicillata
 O. (O.) podagrariae
 O. (O.) pthysica
 O. (O.) rostralis
 O. (O.) rufofemorata
 O. (O.) schrammi
 O. (O.) simplex
 O. (O.) subrobusta
 O. (O.) testaceithorax
 O. (O.) tristis
 O. (O.) unicolor
 O. (O.) virescens

Subgenus Stenaxis
 O. (S.) amurensis
 O. (S.) annulata

Subgenus Oncomera

 O. (O.) femoralis
 O. (O.) flavicans
 O. (O.) marmorata
 O. (O.) murinipennis
 O. (O.) natolica
 O. (O.) reitteri

Gallery

References

External links

 Biolib
 Fauna Europaea

Oedemeridae
Tenebrionoidea genera
Taxa named by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier


Bagicha Singh Minhas (1929-2005) is an Indian economist.

Education
Minhas was born in Punjab, British India, and obtained his first degree of BSc (agriculture) from Khalsa College, Amritsar, and a Master's degree in economics from Punjab University.  He then obtained another degree from the University of Illinois, USA, and followed it up with a PhD in economics from Stanford University, USA. He taught economics at Stanford as an Assistant Professor, but later returned to India as a Research Professor and became Head of the Planning Division at the Indian Statistical Institute from 1971 to 1986.

Career
Minhas was a member of the Indian Planning Commission from 1971 to 1973.  Simultaneously, in 1972–73, Minhas was appointed a member of the Finance Commission.  He worked on planning strategies as well as financial analysis.

Minhas worked as a Consultant to the World Bank at Washington D.C. and the Statistics and Survey Division of the Food and Agricultural Organization (Rome).  In 1976–78, he worked as a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex in the UK and, a little later, he held appointments as Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University and as Rufus Putnam Visiting Professor at Ohio.  From 1981 to 1984, he served as Secretary General of the Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Organization and also Chairman of the National Sample Survey (NSS) Organization (1980–90).

Minhas has been a Fellow of the Econometric Society (1973), a National Fellow at the Indian Council of Social Science Research (1990–92) and a life member of the American Economic Association.  From 1992 to 1993, he was the President of the Indian Economic Society and, from 1994 to 1998, the President of the Indian Association for Research in National Income & Wealth.

The Financial Express Award for Economics 1999 was presented to Minhas at the Annual Conference of the Indian Economic Association at Amritsar on 27 December 1999.

Minhas then received the Padma Bhushan Award in 2003 for science and engineering.

Minhas was a co-author of a pioneering article deriving the constant elasticity of substitution production function and demonstrating its econometric uses. Future Nobel Memorial Prize laureates Kenneth Arrow and Robert Solow were co-authors.

References

20th-century Indian economists
1929 births
2005 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
Scientists from Punjab, India
Fellows of the Econometric Society


Theatre Square (or in Dutch : Schouwburgplein) is a plaza situated in the heart of the city of Rotterdam, and is flanked by the municipal theatre, concert hall, restaurants, and cafes.

An urban stage and an interactive open space, the 12.250 square meter square is designed by West 8, the landscape architecture firm founded by Adriaan Geuze. The design emphasizes the importance of a void, which opens a panorama towards the city skyline. It opened to the public in 1996.

History
Before World War II the area was a densely populated neighbourhood.

In the 1960s the square was constructed including underground parking and the De Doelen concert hall.

The square was redesigned in 1996 by Adriaan Geuze and his firm West 8. A model of the design is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The Project for Public Spaces included the redesigned square in its Hall of Shame, calling it "a perfect example of how a design statement cannot be a great square"

References

External links and references

 Square dance - Schouwburgplein, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, by Connie Van Cleef, Jan. 1998.

Squares in the Netherlands


Dugay Islet is a small island with an area of 0.44 ha in Bass Strait, north-western Tasmania.

It is part of Tasmania's Hunter Island Group which lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island.

Fauna
Breeding seabirds and shorebirds include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, common diving-petrel, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher.

References

North West Coast of Tasmania
Islands of Bass Strait


Solomon Wiseman (16 April 1777 - 28 November 1838) was a convict, merchant and ferryman.  The town called Wiseman's Ferry, New South Wales, Australia  is named after him.

Life
Wiseman was born in Southwark, England in 1777, the son of a Richard Wiseman, a cloth worker and victualler, and became a lighterman on the Thames. He was employed by the British government to carry spies to France. On 30 October 1805 he was found guilty of stealing wood from a lighter and was sentenced to death.  This was commuted to Transportation for Life and he was sent to New South Wales where he arrived in August 1806 on the Alexander. He traveled with his wife Jane and two sons, in a cabin rather than with the other convicts. On arrival he was almost immediately given conditional liberty and assigned to his wife. In 1810 he was given his ticket of leave and in 1812, a pardon.

In 1811 Wiseman had constructed a sloop called the Hawkesbury Packet which was a coastal trader.   Not long after he acquired the sloop . He shipped coal from Newcastle (New South Wales), wheat from the Hawkesbury and timber from Shoalhaven. Both ships were wrecked within months of each other in 1817. After the wrecks of his ships he purchased the Mary Ann (ship) which he chartered to the Government. In 1817 he was granted a lease of  on the Hawkesbury River at Lower Portland Head, which later became known as Wiseman's Ferry. In 1821 he established an inn called 'the Sign of the Packet' on the banks of the river. When he heard that the government intended to build a road between Sydney and the Hunter valley, he persuaded the authorities to route it through his land. Road building commenced in 1826 with two gangs operating either side of the river, and in 1827 he received a contract to supply all provisions to the gangs and later that year a license to operate a ferry to transport people and stock across the river.  The ferry crossing site was moved in 1829, to its current site, when a route was chosen for the Great North Rd. The current site is the oldest ferry crossing in Australia. In 1826 he built on his land an elaborate house for his second wife, Sophia, called Cobhams Hall. This is now a pub called Wiseman's Inn Hotel.

He died in 1838.

The Secret River

The Secret River, a novel written by Wiseman's great-great-great-granddaughter, Kate Grenville, was inspired by her desire to understand "what had happened when Wiseman arrived there [the area now known as Wiseman's Ferry] and started the business of 'settling'". Her inspiration to understand this came from her taking part in the 28-05-2000 Reconciliation Walk across Sydney Harbour Bridge during which she realised that she didn't know much about "what had gone on between the Aboriginal people and the settlers in those early days". Initially intended to be a work of non-fiction about Wiseman, the book eventually became a fictional work based on her research into Wiseman but not specifically about Wiseman himself.

See also
List of convicts transported to Australia

References

Australian businesspeople in shipping
Convicts transported to Australia
English emigrants to colonial Australia
1777 births
1838 deaths


Eugène-Casimir Villatte, Comte d'Oultremont (; 14 April 1770 – 14 May 1834) fought in the French army during the Wars of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. He rose to command a division at many of the important battles in the Peninsular War. His is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Early career

Born in Longwy as part of the House of d'Oultremont, Villatte joined the army and was a sous-lieutenant (second lieutenant) at the beginning of the French Revolution. After joining the military in January 1792, his first assignment was as lieutenant of the 13th infantry. In 1795 he served as an aide to Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte and later as an adjutant-commandant. He rose to the rank of general of brigade in 1803.

Empire
During the Ulm Campaign in 1805, he commanded a brigade under Marshal Michel Ney at the Battle of Elchingen. Still under Ney, he fought at the Battle of Jena and the capture of Magdeburg in 1806. After leading his brigade at the combat of Waltersdorf and the Battle of Eylau in February 1807, Villatte was promoted to general of division. He led his troops in a successful defense of the bridge over the Pasłęka (Passarge) River at Spędy (Spanden) on 5 June 1807. In this action, part of the Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen, Villatte defeated Michael Szabszinski von Rembow's Prussian-Russian division belonging to Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq corps.

On 5 November 1808, while commanding the 12,000-man 3rd Division of the IV Corps, Villatte was attacked by Joaquin Blake's 24,000-strong Army of Galicia. In the Battle of Valmaseda, he was defeated and lost his baggage, but managed to extricate his soldiers with the loss of only 500 men and one cannon. After his division transferred into Marshal Claude Victor's I Corps, Villatte fought at the Battle of Espinosa. Still under Victor, he led his division at the battles of Uclés, Medellin and Talavera in 1809.

In 1813, Villatte led a division in the Army of the South at the Battle of Vitoria. In Marshal Nicolas Soult's reorganized army, he commanded the Reserve Division for the rest of the war. His division was present and/or engaged at the battles of the Pyrenees, the Bidassoa, the Nivelle, the Nive, Orthez and Toulouse.

During the Hundred Days, Villatte remained loyal to the Bourbons. After the Restoration, he served as Inspector General of Infantry and as commander of various military divisions. He died at Nancy in 1834. VILLATTE is etched on Column 2 of the Arc de Triomphe.

Notes

References
 Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001.
 Petre, F. Loraine. Napoleon's Campaign in Poland 1806-1807. London: Lionel Leventhal Ltd., 1976 (1907).
 Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.

French generals
1770 births
1834 deaths
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
People from Longwy


This is a list of cities in the Americas (South, Central and North) by founding year and present-day country.

See also
 European colonization of the Americas
 List of oldest continuously inhabited cities

References

External links
Gary S. Breschini, Ph.D. "The Founding of Monterey", The Monterey County Historical Society, 1996. Accessed June 15, 2007.
Kent Seavey. "A Short History of Salinas, California", The Monterey County Historical Society, 2006. Accessed June 15, 2007.

cities by year of foundation
Cities
North American cities by year of foundation
North American cities by year of foundation
North American cities by year of foundation


The lacrimal hamulus is a small, hook-like bony projection of the lacrimal bone. It is a continuation of the posterior lacrimal crest. It articulates with the lacrimal tubercle of the maxilla, and completes the upper orifice of the lacrimal canaliculus. It sometimes exists as a separate piece, and is then called the lesser lacrimal bone.

Structure
The lacrimal hamulus is a  small, hook-like bony projection of the lacrimal bone. It is a continuation of the posterior lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone. It articulates with the lacrimal tubercle of the maxilla. This completes the upper orifice of the lacrimal canaliculus.

Relations
The lacrimal hamulus is usually around 9 mm from the infraorbital foramen, around 20 mm from the inferior orbital fissure, and around 31 mm from the beginning of the posterior lacrimal crest.

Variation
The lacrimal hamulus develops from its own site of primary ossification of cartilage. Because of this, it sometimes exists as a separate piece, and is then called the lesser lacrimal bone.

See also
 Hamulus

References

Bones of the head and neck


Bechara El Khoury (born 18 March 1957) is a Franco-Lebanese composer.

Biography
Born in Beirut, he moved to Paris in 1979.  Before his departure he was extremely active as a composer, pianist, conductor as well as Kapellmeister.   He became a French national in 1987, and as a result many French institutions commissioned works for him like Orchestre de Paris, Musique nouvelle en liberté, Radio France, Festival Menuhin in Gstaad, Strasbourg Philharmonic, Mecklenburg Festival etc.

He received the Prix Rossini (Institut de France) in 2000 and his work was performed by many orchestras. as the Orchestre National de France, Orchestre de Paris, London Symphony Orchestra, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, NDR Symphony Orchestra Hamburg, Orchestre philharmonique du Liban, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Konzerthausorchester Berlin, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, Israel Chamber Orchestra, Chamber Orchestra of Europe, Basel Chamber Orchestra ...

Among the musicians who conducted his music, Pierre Dervaux (who recorded "Danse des aigles, opus 9" with the Orchestre Colonne), Kurt Masur, Daniele Gatti, Paavo Järvi, Daniel Harding, James Conlon, Cornelius Meister and Jonathan Nott ...

Among the soloists who performed his music Daniel Hope, Emmanuel Pahud, Patrick Messina, Sarah Nemtanu, David Guerrier, Pascal Amoyel...

His works are predominantly orchestral and include concertos.

His works are published by the Editions Durand, Eschig, and Leduc in Paris.

Major works
 Orchestral works, including Symphony (The Ruins of Beirut)
 New York, tears and hope
 Oeuvres symphoniques & oeuvres concertantes by Bechara El-Khoury
 Violin Recital: Siranossian, Chouchane – RUST, F.W. / EL-KHOURY, B. / SIRANOSSIAN, C. / LECLAIR, J.-M. (Time Reflexion)
 EL-KHOURY, B.: Violin Concerto No. 1 / Horn Concerto / Clarinet Concerto (Nemtanu, Guerrier, Messina, Masur, J.-C. Casadesus, Elts)
 Three concertos
 Méditation poétique/Poémes: No. 1; No. 2
 Paris, mélodie d'automne : op. 69, pour piano
 New York dreams : op. 68, pour piano
 Sonate no 3 : Jésus, l'enfant du soleil : op. 67, pour piano.
 Clair-Obscur.

References

Living people
1957 births
French composers
French male composers
Lebanese composers
Knights of the National Order of the Cedar


Rhaphidophora korthalsii is a flowering plant of species Rhaphidophora the family Araceae.

Description

Stem
R. korthalsii is a very large, robust pachycaul, heterophyllous liana to 20 meters in its seedling stage as a non-skototropic, "shingling" juvenile shoot. "Shingling" refers to the orientation of the leaves to match the contours of the substrate.  The adult shoot is composed of elongated, "clingy", leafy flowing stems.

Inflorescence
Solitary or several together, the first inflorescence is subtended by a bract and one or more cataphylls, which degrade into netted fibres following the emergence of inflorescences subtended by one or more cataphylls.

Infructescence
The infructescences are 14-27 x 3-3.5 cm.   When unripe they are a dark green which will ripen into a dull orange colour.

Distribution
Rhaphidophora korthalsii is native to Arunachal Pradesh, South Nansei-shoto, peninsular Thailand to Malesia and the western Pacific region.

References

korthalsii


Edwards Islet is a small island with an area of 0.58 ha in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia.  It is part of Tasmania’s Hunter Island Group which lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island.

Fauna
Breeding seabirds and shorebirds include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, common diving-petrel, Pacific gull, silver gull, sooty oystercatcher and Caspian tern.

References

Islands of Tasmania


Brownea grandiceps is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its common names include the rose of Venezuela and the scarlet flame bean. It originated in South America but is now widely grown as a decorative tree in tropical gardens.

Description
The rose of Venezuela is a small, slow-growing tree with stout branches eventually reaching about . The trunk has greyish-brown, lightly furrowed bark. The shoots and leaf stalks are downy. The leaves are opposite, elongated and pinnate with twelve to eighteen pairs of oblong or lanceolate leaflets ending in a bristle-like point. When they first unfold, the drooping leaves are pale green with tiny pink and cream dots, but as they mature they become brownish-pink and eventually a uniform shade of green. The globular inflorescences contain numerous crimson, red, deep pink or purple tubular flowers, each with projecting stamens and style. The flower heads can be up to  in diameter and usually dangle below the foliage. The seeds are contained in bunches of long, brown, furry pods.

Distribution
The rose of Venezuela is native to Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Colombia where it grows in the tropical rainforest. It has a minimum temperature requirement of  and will thrive both in full sun and in partial shade.

Ecology
The rose of Venezuela flourishes in areas of forest that are seasonally inundated and is often associated with Virola duckei and Inga thibaudiana. Many epiphytic plants and lianas grow among the branches.

The flowers of the rose of Venezuela produce copious amounts of nectar and are attractive to humming birds and butterflies. At night it has been observed that the leaves rise and expose the flowers to the dew, sinking down again in the morning to protect the flowers from the sun.

References

grandiceps
Flora of Brazil
Flora of western South America
Flora of Venezuela


Ilex chinensis (syn. Ilex purpurea), the Kashi holly, oriental holly, or purple holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to Vietnam, southern China, Taiwan, and central and southern Japan.

Uses
It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name dōng qīng (). In traditional Chinese medicine, it is said to promote circulation, remove stasis, and clear heat and toxins. It is believed to improve conditions such as angina, high blood pressure, uveitis, coughs, chest congestion, and asthma. The root of Ilex purpurea can be applied topically to skin infections and burns, and to wounds. It has found use as a street tree in a number of Chinese and European cities.

References

chinensis
Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
Flora of Vietnam
Flora of South-Central China
Flora of Southeast China
Flora of Taiwan
Flora of Japan
Plants described in 1819


Ulf "Tickan" Carlsson (born 2 April 1961 in Falkenberg, Sweden) is a Swedish former table tennis player, active at international level during the 1980s. His best achievement was gold at the 1985 World Championships.

World championships
Carlsson competed at all championships from 1979 to 1989. His best result was in the doubles where he won gold together with Mikael Appelgren in 1985.

European Championships
He took part at all European championships between 1980 and 1988. He won the team tournament in 1980 and 1986 as part of the Swedish team. He took silver in the Double together with Mikael Appelgren in 1986.

Other International Tournaments
His best places in Europe Top-12 were 4th (1986) and 6th (1987). He won the European League in 1986 as part of the Swedish team.

Club play
Carlsson played with Swedish team Falkenbergs BTK until 1980, when he joined German Bundesliga team TTC Simex Jülich, with which he won the 1984 European Club Championships. He returned to Falkenberg in 1985, later he would play for its Swedish competitors, BTK Lyckeby and BTK Halmstad.

Sources
 Christian Heyerdahl: Will noch hoch hinaus: Ulf Carlsson, Zeitschrift DTS, 1986/10 S.42-44
 Eintrag in ITTF-Datenbank

References

1961 births
Living people
Swedish male table tennis players
People from Falkenberg
Sportspeople from Halland County


Hikutaia is a locality on the Hauraki Plains of New Zealand. It lies on State Highway 26, south east of Thames and north of Paeroa. The Hikutaia River runs from the Coromandel Range through the area to join the Waihou River.

History and culture

The area has a rich history of Māori settlement, with several pā in the vicinity.

James Cook and Joseph Banks rowed up the Waihou River on 20 November 1769 and disembarked near Hikutaia. They were impressed by the kahikatea which formed a dense forest in the area. Banks described it as "the finest timber my Eyes ever beheld".

In 1794, acting on Cook's description of the forest, Captain Dell and his crew of the ship Fancy camped in a place they called Graves End, which is now Hikutaia, and took 213 kahikatea trees with assistance from local Māori. At least five ships came for more timber by the end of the century. Four Europeans were living at Hikutaia in 1799, assisting the trade in timber and the sale of Māori labour. These men lived with and married Māori. Cultural misunderstandings between traders and Māori sometimes led to violence.

Hikutaia was known for its cheese factory in the mid 1960s. The factory opened in 1917.

Marae

Hikutaiā Marae is a traditional meeting ground for the local Ngāti Maru tribe. Ngāti Paoa have also traditionally lived in the area.

Education
Hikutaia School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a decile rating of 4 and a roll of 86.

Railway station

Hikutaia had a railway station from 1898 to 1995 on the Thames Branch. Larkins and O'Brien built the Kopu to Hikutaia section from August 1885 for £10,879, had made good progress by January 1886 and completed that section in May 1887. Heath and Irwin started building the Hikutaia to Paeroa section in January 1887. The road to the station was built in 1888. Work on the Paeroa to Te Aroha section began in 1892, but in 1895 it was said, "a Parliamentary faction stopped the workers in their work". Work on the bridges resumed in 1897, including the Hikutaia River bridge, with spans of 3 x , , and . The Minister of Public Works was able to travel by train from Hikutaia to Thames in July 1897.

The Thames to Paeroa section of the line opened on Monday, 19 December 1898, with Hikutaia as a flag station. It had a partly built 6th class station (a shelter shed),  x  passenger platform,  x  goods shed with verandah, loading bank, cattle and sheep yards. A year later there were also urinals and a passing loop for 50 wagons. In 1906 the siding was extended, but goods were being stolen, as the goods shed wasn't locked and the station was unstaffed. Security improved in 1914, when a tablet porter was appointed and lighting was added in 1915. Signals were installed in 1916 and 1919. In 1920 it was said the station was sometimes beyond its capacity and improvements were needed.

As government gave support to roads and cut railway spending, decline started, tablet working ending in 1930, with only 3 mixed trains a day each way between Paeroa and Thames, the porter moved to Auckland, the tablet equipment to Mangapehi and passenger trains withdrawn on 28 March 1951. The  crossing loop was reduced to 37 wagons in 1958, the platform was removed in September 1959 and the privy and urinal in November 1959. In the 1960s the cheese factory at Wharepoa started sending its cheese from Hikutaia, rather than Wharepoa Road. By 1965 the main traffic was coal to New Zealand Co-operative Dairy Company and produce from it. From 17 July 1966 only traffic in wagon loads was handled and the station building and goods shed were sold on 19 April 1967 and the 2 railway houses in 1969. The stock yards were unused in 1971 and closed in March 1972, when they too were sold. The crossing loop was out of use by 1974 and removed in January 1976, though another record says it was still in place in 1981. By 1980, only 982 tonnes were carried, all of it lime and fertiliser. On Sunday, 26 April 1981 Hikutaia closed to all traffic. However, in July 1982, it re-opened for maintenance trains. June 28, 1991, was the last day of commercial traffic on the Thames branch and the line officially closed on March 29, 1995. It is now used by the Hauraki Rail Trail.

Notes

1799 establishments in New Zealand
Populated places established in 1799
Thames-Coromandel District
Populated places in Waikato