In business performance management, a third-generation balanced scorecard is a version of the traditional balanced scorecard, a structured report, supported by design methods and automated tools, that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by the staff within their control, and to monitor the consequences arising from these actions.

The third-generation version was developed in the late 1990s to address design problems inherent to earlier generations.  It is distinguished by the components making up the balanced scorecard and the design process used to develop these components.

Components

A third-generation balanced scorecard has four main components:
A destination statement or vision statement: This is a one- or two-page description of the organisation at a defined point in the future, assuming the current strategy has been successfully implemented. The descriptions of the successful future are segmented into perspectives for example financial & stakeholder expectations, customer & external relationships, processes & activities, organisation & culture.
A strategic linkage model: This is a version of the traditional strategy map that typically contains 12 to 24 strategic objectives segmented into two perspectives, activities and outcomes, analogous to the logical framework. Linkages indicate hypothesised causal relations between strategic objectives.
A set of definitions for each of the strategic objectives.
A set of definitions for each of the measures selected to monitor each of the strategic objectives, including targets.

Design process

The design process for third-generation balanced scorecard requires the active involvement of the management team who will eventually use the balanced scorecard. The managers themselves make all decisions about the balanced scorecard content. The process begins with the development of a 'destination or Vision statement' to build management consensus on longer term strategic goals; this document is then used to build a 'strategic linkage model', describing the shorter term management priorities, both the strategic activities to complete and the strategic outcomes to achieve. Once the 'strategic objectives' are decided in outline these are assigned 'owners' from within the management team, who further define each objective, plus the measures and targets associated with achieving each objective.

The main improvements with this third generation of balanced scorecard relate to the improved "ownership" of the objectives by managers, because objectives, goals and outcomes are refined by the responsible managers themselves.  All measures and targets must be reviewed to ensure that they are interconnected (dependencies identifies) and congruent (appropriately prioritised and support one another).

In large/complex organisations the scorecard can be developed by functional or project specific areas to relate to the management team for that area.  It is important in this case for the team creating the scorecard to understand the linkages between their area and that of other management teams across the organization with whom they may collaborate or have as stakeholders/customers.  In many cases the objectives for the scorecard of a functional or project organization will include cascaded objectives and priorities of the host organization, senior leaders, and stakeholders (what is important to them).

See also
 Balanced scorecard

References

Further reading
Lawrie, G.J.G., Cobbold, I., and Marshall, J., (2004), "Corporate Performance Management System in a Devolved UK Governmental Organisation: a Case Study", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 353–370.
Lawrie, G.J.G., Kalff, D., and Andersen, H.V., (2005). "Balanced Scorecard and Results-Based Management: Convergent Performance Management Systems".  Presented at 3rd Annual Conference on Performance Measurement and Management Control, The European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM), Nice, France, September 2005
Morisawa, T., (2002), "Building Performance Measurement Systems with the Balanced Scorecard Approach". Nomura Research Institute, Paper No. 45 April 1, 2002.

Organizational performance management


After the team's success in 1884, things went downhill for the 1885 Providence Grays. The team dropped in the standings, finishing 30 games back in fourth place and attendance fell drastically. After the season, the club's directors sold all the remaining players to the Boston Beaneaters and folded the team.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1885 Providence Grays season at Baseball Reference

Providence Grays seasons
Providence Grays season
Providence


Manor Motorsport Ltd, currently trading as Manor Endurance Racing Ltd is a British motor racing company that was formed in 1990 by former single-seater champion John Booth. Manor has participated as a team in many motorsport disciplines since its inception, including Formula One.

Its current sole involvement in motor racing is an entry to compete in the FIA World Endurance Championship since 2016.

The Formula One team most recently known as Manor Racing cut its links with Manor Motorsport following John Booth and his partner Graeme Lowdon's resignation from the Formula One project at the end of the 2015 season.

Historical overview

Throughout its history, the team primarily competed in Formula Renault, with past drivers including 2007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, 7 times Formula One World Champion Lewis Hamilton and other Formula One drivers such as Antônio Pizzonia. In 1994 James Matthews set a record 11 race wins in a season that lasted more than 20 years, on his way to winning both the British and European series for Manor.

They entered Formula Three in 1999, winning successive British titles with Marc Hynes and Pizzonia.

In 2007, Manor Motorsport saw a change of ownership when Formula Renault UK team manager, Tony Shaw, bought out John Booth and continued operating under the name of Manor Competition from a completely separate base. In turn, John Booth retained the Manor Motorsport name and continued to race in the Formula 3 Euro Series until 2009.

From 2010 to 2015, Manor Motorsport participated in the Formula One World Championship under many guises.

Manor also had a GP3 Series team from 2010 until 2014, run under the name of "Marussia Manor Racing" with the exception of the 2010 season.

On 5 February 2016, Manor Motorsport announced its entry into the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship.

Partnership with MP Motorsport

From 2012 until 2015, Manor Competition competed in the Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup and Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 championships in partnership with MP Motorsport. As well as this, the two teams combined forces in Auto GP in 2012 and 2013.

World Endurance Championship
For its participation in the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship, Manor are using two Oreca 05 chassis powered by Nissan engines, racing in the LMP2 class. The No. 44 car – driven by Tor Graves, James Jakes and Will Stevens – was entered for the full season. The No. 45 car was entered on a one-off basis for every race except for Le Mans, as the car was entered too late to gain entry. Richard Bradley, Roberto Merhi and Matt Rao were signed to drive the car.

Formula One

Virgin Racing (2010–11)

On 12 June 2009, it was announced Manor's application to participate in the 2010 Formula One season had been accepted. Their Formula One team was registered as Manor Grand Prix although it raced as Virgin Racing for sponsorship reasons. Powered by Cosworth engine, the team distinguished itself for designing its cars only digitally. This design approach was abandoned in 2011 when the team forged a technical partnership with McLaren.

Marussia F1/Manor Marussia (2012–15)

The Formula One team was renamed the Marussia F1 Team after Marussia Motors bought a controlling interest in the team. In 2014, coinciding with the team's switch of engine supplier from Cosworth to Ferrari, the team scored its first ever World Championship points thanks to the exploits of their leading Ferrari-sponsored driver, Jules Bianchi, during the . The team suffered a major blow at the , when Bianchi was involved in a serious crash and remained in a coma before succumbing to his head injuries in July 2015. At the following race, the inaugural , Marussia fielded only one car out of respect for Bianchi but also as a result of mounting financial pressure, which then saw the team enter administration alongside its rival, Caterham. Marussia would take no further part in the 2014 season. It risked losing its 2014 prize money unless able to further compete in the sport the following year.

On 19 February 2015, Manor Motorsport's administrators announced that the team had come out of administration and planned to enter the 2015 Formula One season under the name Manor Marussia F1 Team with John Booth and Graeme Lowdon continuing to run the team. This was possible thanks to businessman Stephen Fitzpatrick buying the team, with Justin King joining as chairman.

Booth and Lowdon left the Formula One team at the end of the 2015 season. The team continued to race for one more season, under the name of Manor Racing, albeit independently of Manor Motorsport.

Driver accidents

Two of the Manor team's drivers have sustained fatal head injuries. In July 2012, test driver María de Villota crashed heavily into a team transporter during straight line aerodynamic tests. Among other things, she suffered the loss of her right eye but recovered sufficiently to become a motorsport safety advocate and get married. In October 2013, however, she died following a heart attack believed to have been caused by her underlying brain injuries.

In October 2014, race driver Jules Bianchi suffered severe brain injuries while competing in the . He succumbed to his injuries in July 2015 after remaining hospitalised and in a coma since the accident. Bianchi had made a significant contribution to the team as recognised by team principal, John Booth who, immediately following the 2015 Australian Grand Prix, attributed the team's 2015 return after failing to complete the prior season to the point-scoring and prize-winning performance of Bianchi at the 2014 Monaco Grand Prix. In Bianchi's honour, from the 2014 Russian Grand Prix until the end of their F1 participation, the team cars carried a "JB17" logo, which represent Bianchi's initials and race number.

Results

Formula One

F3 Euroseries

GP3 Series

In detail
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

World Endurance Championship

24 Hours of Le Mans results

Timeline

Notes

References

External links

Auto racing teams in the United Kingdom
British Formula Renault teams
Auto racing teams established in 1990
1990 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies based in South Yorkshire
GP3 Series teams
Formula Renault Eurocup teams
Formula 3 Euro Series teams
British Formula Three teams
Auto GP teams
FIA World Endurance Championship teams
24 Hours of Le Mans teams


Arkansas Woodchopper, or Arkie (b. Luther Ossenbrink, March 2, 1906 - June 23, 1981) was an American country musician.

He was born in the Ozarks near Knob Noster, Missouri, to a family who owned a farm and a general store. He taught himself to play guitar and fiddle so he could play at local square dances, and his first job in music was performing on radio in Kansas City on KMBC in 1928. He started at WLS in 1930, performing on their National Barn Dance, and became one of the show's most popular performers, continuing there until 1959. During this time he also released records for Columbia Records and Conqueror Records. Book of sheet music 'THE ARKANSAS WOODCHOPPER'S WORLD'S GREATEST COLLECTION OF COWBOY SONGS WITH YODEL ARRANGEMENT' copyright 1931 published by M.M. Cole Publishing House, Chicago contains 35 songs, 64 pages. He once performed with Al Trace's orchestra with the song "Why Go Home?" and although his recordings for Columbia, Gennett Records, American Record Corporation, Okeh Records sold well, he never established himself as a major musician.

Discography

References

External links
Arkansas Woodchopper at Hillbilly-Music.com

American country singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Missouri
1906 births
1981 deaths
20th-century American singer-songwriters
People from Johnson County, Missouri
Country musicians from Missouri


My Aunt Aline () is a 2007 Canadian comedy film directed by Gabriel Pelletier.

Plot
Geneviève Saint-Louis (Sylvie Léonard) is a successful career woman who does nothing but work. One day, her aunt Aline (Béatrice Picard) shows up unexpectedly on her doorstep penniless and just one step away from a retirement home. Determined to stay out, Aline turns Geneviève's life upside-down as she takes her on the ride of her life that includes a stop in Cuba.

Awards
Picard received a Genie Award nomination for Best Actress at the 28th Genie Awards. The film received two Jutra Award nominations at the 10th Jutra Awards, for Best Hair (Réjean Forget) and Best Makeup (Kathryn Casault); Forget won the award for Best Hair.

References

External links

2007 films
2007 comedy films
Canadian comedy films
Films directed by Gabriel Pelletier
French-language Canadian films
2000s Canadian films


eQ Bank Abp, founded in 1998, is a Finnish bank specialising in internet brokerage and asset management for retail clients. The parent company of eQ Bank Abp, eQ Corporation, was acquired by Straumur Investment Bank in 2007 for approx 260 million euros. Nordnet bought eQ Bank Abp in May 2009 for 400 million Swedish crowns (approx 37 million euros at the time).

The bank was sold 22 May 2007 to Iceland’s Straumur Investment Bank. Finnish finance journal Arvopaperi wrote that now becomes rich persons including the Ehrnrooths, Antti Mäkinen being eQ manager only for 1½ years received about €26 million and Janne Larma by selling the Advium to eQ Bank with a share capital of eQ in 2004 received ca €26 million. Advium does real estate management including e.g. selling of shopping centers, hotels, retail units, car parks and other large building like Itis shopping centre, and Helsinki city properties of Forum block and Kamppi. Customers include Kapiteeli, Sato, Kesko retail, KONE main building, Tapiola insurance and other insurance companies. It had MBO in 2009.

Straumur Investment Bank
The bank's board of directors in 2007 included Georg J.C. Ehrnrooth, Antti Mäkinen, Antti Pankakoski, Petteri Walldén, William Fall, Johan Horelli, Timo Everi ja Miika Varjovaara. In the end of 2006 Georg J. C. Ehrnrooth (born 1966) was Chairman of the Board and Member of the Board since 15 February 2000.

Major owners in 2007:
In the end of 2006 (during the deal) the majority of shares 37.25% were held jointly by brothers Georg J.C. Ehrnrooth, Henrik Ehrnrooth and Carl-Gustaf Ehrnrooth via Fennogens Investments SA in Luxembourg.

External links
 Official Website

References

Banks of Finland
Banks established in 1998
Finnish companies established in 1998


Seán Maloney (born 9 January 1945) is an Irish former politician from Letterkenny, County Donegal. Formerly a member of the Labour Party, he joined Fine Gael in 2000.

Maloney unsuccessfully contested the 1992 general election as a Labour Party candidate in the Donegal North-East constituency, but in the subsequent elections to Seanad Éireann he was elected in the Labour Panel to the 20th Seanad. He stood unsuccessfully in the Donegal North-East by-election in April 1996, and he was not elected at the 1997 general election, when his share of the first-preference votes fell from over 11% in 1992 to only 5.5%.

He was defeated in subsequent Seanad elections, but in the local elections in 1991 he was elected a member of both Letterkenny Town Council and of Donegal County Council. Sometime after 1999 he left the Labour Party and joined Fine Gael, standing as a Fine Gael candidate for Donegal North-East in the 2002 general election, when he won over 10% of the first-preference votes but was not elected. He did not contest any further elections.

In 1995, he advised the then Minister for the Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht Michael D. Higgins to view a site in Letterkenny in exchange for a lift to a Labour Party function in Donegal. Higgins visited the Rectory Field, declared it the best site for a theatre he had ever seen and approved a £1.5 million grant the following February for what would become An Grianán Theatre.

He is a brother of Eamonn Maloney who served as Mayor of South Dublin (2006–2007) and in Dáil Éireann (2011–2016).

References

1945 births
Living people
Fine Gael politicians
Labour Party (Ireland) senators
Members of Donegal County Council
Members of the 20th Seanad
People from Letterkenny
Labour Panel senators


Leontichus () was an Athenian commander during the Corinthian War. In 388 BC, he participated in naval operations around Abydus and along with fellow commanders Demaenetus, Dionysius and Phanias unsuccessfully pursued the Spartan fleet under Antalcidas. However, Antalcidas was able to evade them and link up with an allied Syracusan and Italian squadron at Abydus.

References

Footnotes

Ancient Athenian admirals
4th-century BC Athenians
Athenians of the Corinthian War


Alessandro, Principe Ruspoli (October 5, 1784 – October 31, 1842) was the 4th Prince of Cerveteri, 4th Marquis of Riano, 9th Count of Vignanello and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, son of Francesco Ruspoli, 3rd Prince of Cerveteri and second wife HSH Leopoldina Gräfin von Khevenhüller-Metsch. He had for brothers, among others, Camillo Ruspoli, Duke of Sueca, and Bartolomeo Ruspoli and Khevenhüller-Metsch. His granduncle was Bartolomeo Ruspoli.

Alessandro is the ancestor of the Line I of the Princes Ruspoli.

Marriage and children
He married in Vienna, June 4, 1805 Marianna Gräfin Esterházy de Galántha (Nagyszeben, January 23, 1786 – December 11, 1821), by whom he had eight children:

 Donna Giovanna dei Principi Ruspoli (June 28, 1806 – April 5, 1830), married on May 21, 1828 Pompeo, Conte di Campello
 Donna Virginia dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, June 5, 1807 – April 13, 1878), married on May 19, 1834 Giovanni, Conte Manassei
 Giovanni Nepomucene Ruspoli, 5th Prince of Cerveteri
 Donna Carolina dei Principi Ruspoli (July 29, 1809 – April 28, 1873), unmarried and without issue
 Don Amedeo dei Principi Ruspoli (October 2, 1811 – August 29, 1812), unmarried and without issue
 Don Luigi dei Principi Ruspoli (September 15, 1813 – July 17, 1887), married on November 25, 1853 Idaline Gräfin von Qualen, without issue
 Don Eugenio dei Principi Ruspoli (November 1, 1814 – September 14, 1878), married on April 9, 1845 Pauline-Thérèse de Sicard (– August 13, 1867), without issue
 Don Augusto dei Principi Ruspoli, Honorary Principe di Cerveteri (Vignanello, June 6, 1817 – Rome, July 2, 1882), married at Pozsony/Pressburg, June 6, 1846, his first cousin Agnes Gräfin Esterházy de Galántha (Nagyszeben, February 19, 1818 – Terni, August 5, 1899), and had three sons:
 Don Galeazzo dei Principi Ruspoli (Vignanello, June 4, 1847 – Rome, February 4, 1927), married in Rome, November 26, 1885 Angelica Frascara (Alessandria, February 17, 1861 – October 15, 1906), and had a son and a daughter:
 Don Alfonso dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, June 13, 1887 – Rome, April 8, 1964), unmarried and without issue
 Donna Maria dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, February 11, 1889 – Florence, July 6, 1937), married in Rome, April 23, 1914 Giulio Barbolani dei Conti di Montauto (Florence, August 13, 1876 – August 12, 1950)
 Don Alfonso dei Principi Ruspoli (November 5, 1849 – February 11, 1885), unmarried and without issue
 Don Mario dei Principi Ruspoli (September 4, 1855 – San Remo, February 29, 1888), married at Albano, October 25, 1879, as her first husband Costanza Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Ottoboni (Rome, June 28, 1858 – November 11, 1904), and had a son and a daughter:
 Augusto Ruspoli, 11th Duke of Fiano
 Donna Luisa dei Principi Ruspoli (Rome, May 28, 1885 – Rome, October 15, 1893)

External links
 Alessandro Ruspoli on a genealogical site

See also
 Ruspoli

1784 births
1842 deaths
Alessandro
Alessandro


A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide. They are able to self-assemble into different structures. Many bacteria produced these molecules as a part of their metabolism, especially those of the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. Certain lipopeptides are used as antibiotics. Other lipopeptides are toll-like receptor agonists. Certain lipopeptides can have strong antifungal and hemolytic activities. It has been demonstrated that their activity is generally linked to interactions with the plasma membrane, and sterol components of the plasma membrane could play a major role in this interaction. It is a general trend that adding a lipid group of a certain length (typically C10–C12) to a lipopeptide will increase its bactericidal activity. Lipopeptides with a higher amount of carbon atoms, for example 14 or 16, in its lipid tail will typically have antibacterial activity as well as anti-fungal activity.

Lipopeptide detergents (LPDs) are composed of amphiphiles and two alkyl chains which are located on the last part of the peptide backbone. They were designed to mimic the architecture of the native membranes in which two alkyl chains in a lipid molecule facially interact with the hydrophobic segment of MPs.

Examples

See also
 Pepducins, lipopeptides aimed at GPCRs.

References

Further reading

Antibiotics


Rolando Mosca Moschini,  (born 9 March 1939) is an Italian army general.

Mosca Moschini started his career as a cadet of the Nunziatella military academy of Naples. He was commissioned as an officer in 1959, and initially served with artillery units of the Italian army. In 1959, he become official of the Italian Army and was enlisted in the "Folgore" and "Mantova" artillery divisions.

Mosca Moschini served as a military attaché at the Embassy of Italy, London from 1980 to 1983, Commandant General of the Guardia di Finanza from January 1997 to March 2001, and as Chief of the Defence Staff from April 2001 to March 2004. In April 2004 he was named Chairman of the European Union Military Committee, an office he held until 7 November 2006, when he was succeeded by Henri Bentégeat.

The following day he flew in Italy to be appointed as military consultant within the general secretary of the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, remaining in charge until his resignations in 2015. Subsequently, the Italian President Mattarella recalled him to same role.
Moschini is also the High Council of Defence's secretary.

Honours

Italian
 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Grand Officer of the Military Order of Italy

Foreign
 Knight Grand Cross with Star Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)
  Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (Holy See)
  Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (Hungary)
 Knight Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (House of Bourbon)
  Knight Grand Cross of the Order pro merito Melitensi (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)
  Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States)
  Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourg)

References

1939 births
Italian generals
Living people
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Italian military attachés
Chairmen of the European Union Military Committee
Italian officials of the European Union
Nunziatella Military School alumni


Alberto Romero Tomás (born 17 November 1974), better known as Berto Romero, is a Spanish comedian.

Biography

Berto Romero was born in Cardona (Catalonia, Spain). He is a member of theatre company El Cansancio, a broadcaster on Ràdio Flaixbac and he has his own segment on Andreu Buenafuente's late motiv on Movistar plus. He substituted Buenafuente as host of the show during Summer 2008 (the show was re-titled Buenafuente ha salido un momento), and resigned for the next season as assistant director of the programme. Later he got the chance to run his own weekly prime-time weekly (El programa de Berto) on the same channel, but the programme was cancelled after three weeks due to poor rating results.

Television

His first appeared on shows on Catalan channel TV3, where he hosted a show called El gran què. Later he appeared as a stand-up comedian in a show produced by El Terrat for private channel 8TV called Que no surti d'aquí.

In 2007, he began appearing in the late night show Buenafuente, first sporadically when the show was still on Antena 3 (where he sang some songs such as "Tunéame Doctor Juan", along with Iván Rodríguez "El lagarto" on guitar) and later on, when Buenafuente got signed up by laSexta, as a main contributor and scriptwriter. He owned a section called "Bertovisión", where he would analyze all media, specially, written articles and where he would also comment the pictures, substituted later on for a news section, along with Andreu Buenafuente. Furthermore, he also participated in "Bertomansión", a project where the viewers would send whatever they did not want or used anymore so he could build a home. Later on, he appeared in some comedy sketches. Unlike his radio and theatre appearances, his TV appearances have always been solo.

Taking advantage of his appearances on the media, in April 2008 he edited his first book along with Xavi Tribó, Cero estrellas ("Zero Stars"), starring a hypothetical critic, Adrià De La Cruz, a character born in a radio collaboration on the show La taverna del llop in Ràdio 4.

During the summer of 2008, the channel LaSexta decided that he would be in charge of hosting Buenafuente during the holidays of Andreu Buenafuente, giving him more responsibility as assistant director of the show. During this period, the show was broadcast under the titleBuenafuente ha salido un momento ("Buenafuente will be right back"), where he had some sections such as "Rompe el hielo con Berto" (Break the ice with Berto).

On March 15, 2009, he made his debut as the host of his own talk show, El programa de Berto, produced by El Terrat for laSexta. Nevertheless, the programme was cancelled after only three episodes, since the share was of 3.8%, a number way lower than the average of the channel (6.7% as of March 2009).

On April 22, 2009, he participated briefly on the sketch "El caso del eslabón perdido" in the sketch comedy show Muchachada Nui.

During the season 2009/2010, he started collaborating for the magazine Divendres, broadcast by TV3, a job he combined with his role in Buenafuente.

On October 27, 2009, the TV show Zombis aired on the YouTube channel of El Terrat, starring Berto Romero and Rafel Barceló, scriptwriter for Buenafuente. The show only counts on one season of 9 episodes and since January 28, 2011, it is broadcast by TNT (Spain).

In New Year's Eve 2009, he hosted, along with Ana Morgade, the New Year's Eve Celebration of laSexta, entitled Cómo superar el Fin de Año ("How to get over New Year's Eve"). In New Year's Eve 2010, they were again hosts of El 2011 con Berto y Ana (2011 with Berto and Ana).

TV
 El gran què (2007, TV3)
 Que no surti d'aquí, monologuista (2007, 8tv).
 Buenafuente, occasional (2007, Antena 3).
 Buenafuente (2007-2011, laSexta).
 Terrat Pack (2009, laSexta).
 El programa de Berto (2009, laSexta).
 Divendres, colaborador (2009–present, TV3).
 Zombis (2009-2011, TNT Spain).
 Buenas noches y Buenafuente (2012, Antena 3).
 El club de la comedia (2013) laSexta.
 En el aire (2013-2015, laSexta).
 Late Motiv (2016–present, #0).

Filmography
 Sótano (short film, 2008), of Jon Cortegoso.
 Spanish Movie (2009), of Javier Ruiz Caldera.
 3 bodas de más (2013), of Javier Ruiz Caldera as Pedro.
 Ocho apellidos catalanes (2015), of Emilio Martínez-Lázaro as Pau Serra.
 Tiburon (2017), of Andreu Buenafuente

Radio
 La taverna del llop, contributor with section El crític total (2002, Ràdio 4).
 Ultimàtum a la Terra (2003, Ràdio 4).
 Una mala tarda la té qualsevol (2004, Ràdio 4).
 Dia a la vista, contributor with section Univers Romero i La competència (2004, Ràdio 4).
 L'incident Kàplan (2005, Ràdio 4).
 Ramón (2005, para internet).
 El ombligo de la luna, contributor with section Cuarto Menguante (2006, RNE 1).
 El matí i la mare que él va parir, contributor (2007-2008, Ràdio Flaixbac).
 Nadie sabe nada (2013–present, Cadena SER).
  Prefiero joder a que me jodan  (2018–present, Radio Masturbacion).

Awards
2013 - Nominated - Goya Award for Best New Actor for 3 bodas de más
2019 - Winner - Ondas radio award for best creative idea for Nadie Sabe Nada with Andreu Buenafuente

Books
 Cero estrellas  (2008), with Xavi Tribó. Ediciones El Bronce.
 Lo que vendría a ser la televisión en España (2011). Andreu Buenafuente and El Terrat. Editorial Planeta.
 Practicar sexo es fácil (si sabes cómo) (2012). El Terrat. Editorial Planeta.
 Padre, el último mono (2012), with Oriol Jara, Roger Rubio y Rafel Barceló. Editorial Planeta.
 Foreword to Todas las chicas besan con lo ojos cerrados (2012). Enric Pardo.
 Foreword to Soy tu príncipe azul pero eres daltónica (2014). Paco Caballero.

External links

Berto's blog (in Spanish)

1974 births
Living people
Spanish comedians
Spanish stand-up comedians
People from Manresa
21st-century Spanish male actors
Male actors from Catalonia
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male television actors
Film actors from Catalonia
Television actors from Catalonia


Buire-Courcelles (; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D199 road, some  northeast of Saint-Quentin.

Etymology
 Buire : Of Celtic origin, meaning 'a slope', Buire has been successively Buracum and Buiciera.
 Courcelles Also of Celtic origin, meaning a group of houses. This hamlet was a commune before the French revolution and attached to Buire in 1794.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)
1794 establishments in France


Phanias () (fl. 4th century BC) was an Athenian commander during the Corinthian War. In 388 BC, he participated in naval operations around Abydus. He, along with fellow commanders Demaenetus, Leontichus and Dionysius unsuccessfully pursued the Spartan fleet under Antalcidas. However, Antalcidas was able to evade them and link up with an allied Syracusan and Italian squadron at Abydus.

References

Footnotes

Ancient Athenian admirals
4th-century BC Athenians
Athenians of the Corinthian War


Frank Beswick, Baron Beswick,  (21 August 1911 – 17 August 1987) was a British Labour Co-operative politician.

Born in 1911 in Nottingham, Beswick's father was a coal miner. He was educated in Nottingham and then at the Working Men's College in London. He became a journalist and was elected to the London County Council. He was in Spain during the Spanish Civil War.

Already a qualified pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve during the Second World War and served with Transport Command. A Sergeant Pilot, he was commissioned Pilot Officer in April 1942, and promoted Flying Officer in October 1942 and Flight Lieutenant in March 1944. He remained in the RAFVR after the war, resigning his commission in 1952.

Beswick was elected to Parliament for Uxbridge in 1945 and served until 1959. He was one of the British observers at the 1946 Bikini atomic tests. Following Labour's loss at the 1951 election, he became civil aviation correspondent for the Reynolds News, having been Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Civil Aviation. When he lost his seat in 1959, he was appointed political secretary of the London Co-operative Society.

He was created Baron Beswick, of Hucknall in the County of Nottinghamshire, on 18 December 1964. He served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State in the Commonwealth Office from 1965 then became Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords in 1967. Continuing in the whip role into Opposition in 1970, in 1974 he was appointed Minister of State for Industry and Deputy Leader of the House of Lords, serving until 1975, and later became the first Chairman of British Aerospace. In 1975 he was UK signatory of the convention establishing the European Space Agency.

In 1985 he opened the first ever televised debate in the Lords.

References

External links

1911 births
1987 deaths
British male journalists
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
Labour Co-operative MPs for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Members of London County Council
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951
Ministers in the Wilson governments, 1964–1970
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Life peers created by Elizabeth II


The use of the Internet in Iceland places Iceland among the top countries in the world in terms of Internet deployment and use. 99.68% of Icelanders used in the internet in 2021.

As of October 2023, Iceland is listed 10th in the world for fixed access download speeds according to speedtest.net at 187.57 Mbit/s. Today, 90% citizens are connected to full-fibre (FTTH) networks, with at least 1 Gbit/s speeds available to all and 10 Gbit/s available to most. Iceland has 168.2 Tbit/s of submarine bandwidth capacity through 4 cables.  97% of Icelanders used an electronic ID in 2022 to identify themselves online.

Míla (formerly part of Síminn, former incumbent) operates the largest national trunk network, copper and GPON (FTTH) fibre access network. Ljósleiðarinn, originally a fully municipal owned network, operates a competing national trunk and bitsteam access PTP fibre network. Smaller local ISPs operate locally. Neyðarlínan (112), is the current government-owned universal service provider. Síminn, Vodafone, NOVA and Hringdu are the Iargest ISPs in Iceland.

ISNIC is the Icelandic domain registry for its country-code top level domain, .is. It is a member of the RIPE NCC, Europe's regional Internet registry. ISNIC also operate Iceland's only open-policy internet exchange point, the Reykjavík Internet Exchange (RIX). CERT-IS manages Iceland's national cyber-security.

Access technology
Full-fibre is the most common connection medium (FTTH/FTTB, through both PTP and GPON). Some rural towns are still reliant on VDSL connections. A minority of rural connections are by provided by ADSL and fixed wireless in the most remote of locations.

As of the end of 2022:
 82% of broadband connections using optical fibre (FTTH).
 16.2% of the broadband access being VDSL (FTTC).
 1.5% of broadband access by ADSL
 0.2% of access is provided by fixed wireless.

In terms of advertised download speeds:
 68.4% of connections are 500 Mbit/s and above
 17.2% of connections are between 100 and 500 Mbit/s and above.
 14.3% of connections are between 10 and 100 Mbit/s.
 Less than 0.1% of connections are below 10 Mbit/s.

Over 90% of homes in Iceland have full fibre access, However the uptake of fibre services is only 82%. Míla offers a XG-PON/GPON network with a minimum flat rate delivered at 1 Gbit/s, and additional access tiers of 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s. Ljósleiðarinn's network is based on a PTP wholesale interconnect model, with a minimum flat rate delivered at 1 Gbit/s and an additional charge for 10 Gbit/s service. Ljósleiðarinn's full fibre network extends to 100% of the Reykjavík capital area as of 2016. Míla operates full-fibre access networks in most urban areas of Iceland but does not have as complete coverage of the Reykjavík area. Ljósleiðarinn also has 100% fibre coverage in smaller towns such as Reykjanesbær, Akranes, Þorlákshöfn, Hella, Selfoss and Hvolsvöllur.

There are other smaller fibre networks run by local municipalities and companies, a major one being Tengir in the north east of Iceland providing a fibre network to Akureyri and surrounding regions offering up to >1Gbit/s speeds.

Rural Access
The government has engaged in a programme called Ísland Ljóstengt running from 2016 to 2022. It funds FTTH deployment to 5,500 rural locations allowing this goal to be reached. As of 2022, around 2,000 locations remain that only have ADSL service (lower than 10Mb/s speed), accounting for 1.5% of connections. The Government of Iceland's goal is for 99% of homes and businesses to have access to at least 100Mbit/s speeds by the year 2022.

As of 2022 there are also 64,000 active data-only 4G/5G subscribtions, mainly used for second homes and Mi-Fi devices, as well as serving as an alternative to fixed-line DSL/fibre services.

Internet Service Providers
Internet service in Iceland is divided between the international providers, national ISP and access network providers.

International Providers
The only international providers are Farice ehf. and Tusass A/S (as per the subsea connections listed in the section below).

National ISPs
National ISPs contract the internation bandwidth and manage services for the customer.

Others ISPs constitute 2.4% of the market (Hrigiðan, Snerpa, Origo etc.).

Access Operators
The following operators offer access networks. Míla operates a national fibre and copper access network (incumbent). The others operate full fibre networks. Ljósleiðarinn is the second largest network, covering most towns in the southwest of the country. Other networks cover regional areas and municipal networks.

 Míla
 Ljósleiðarinn
 Tengir
 Snerpa
 Others (municpal networks etc.)

As of 2023, Míla and Neyðarlínan are the current universal service providers, but this is due to change in 2024.

International/Submarine connectivity
Iceland is currently connected with 5 submarine communications cable system to Europe and North America: Iceland has access total capacity of 168.2 Tbit/s capacity as of 2023. According to Farice ehf., as of 2021, a total of 1.5 Tbit/s of capacity is currently being utilised for international bandwidth in Iceland.

Most of Iceland's growth in international bandwidth is due to data center investment in the country, the domestic internet market is fairly saturated.

Iceland's first fiber submarine cable providing packet switching, CANTAT-3, had an original capacity of 2 x 2.5 Gbit/s to Denmark, Germany, the Faroe Islands and Canada. It was notoriously unreliable, with an average of one cable cut per year. Satellite was the only backup at the time, until FARICE was built in 2003. CANTAT-3 became obsolete in 2010 with the introduction on DANICE and is now out of normal use for internet traffic in Iceland. CANTAT-3 is now operated by Føroya Tele for connecting oil platforms in the North Sea.

The main provider of international capacity to Europe is Farice ehf. with Tusass providing direct services to Greenland and North America.

The submarine cable capacities have been repeatedly upgraded over time as the demands of increased bandwidth use in Iceland, as end equipment technology has improved. Previously DANICE and FARICE operated with 300 Gbit/s links and Greenland Connect with a 20 Gbit/s link but were upgraded in 2014 to their current design capacity using coherent 100G wavelength and flex grid technology.

The IRIS cable system became ready for service on the 1 March 2023, extending from Þorlákshöfn, Iceland to Galway, Ireland. IRIS more than doubles Iceland's current subsea capacity and gives Iceland a latency of 10 ms to Ireland as well as connecting more directly with transatlantic capacity to the U.S.

International Latency

As Iceland is geographically situated in the mid-atlantic, it has shorter ping times to locations to Europe than North America. Here are a few examples of nominal ping times from Iceland:

 Galway: 10 ms (via IRIS)
 Glasgow: 13.0 ms
 Copenhagen: 14.9 ms
 London: 18.5 ms
 Amsterdam: 17.8 ms
 Budapest: 26.0 ms
 New York: 40.6ms (via Greenland Connect)
 Halifax: 33.7ms (via Greenland Connect)

Domestic Backbone

Iceland's domestic internet backbone is composed of many fibre routes, with microwave links serving the most isolated communities. Iceland's backbone is operated by two companies; Míla hf and Ljósleiðarinn. Other companies also operate their own backbone networks, such as Orkufjarskipti (owned by electricity utilities Landsvirkjun and Landsnet).

The most historically critical part of Iceland's internet infrastructure is a fibre ring that circles the country, roughly following the route of Iceland's ring road (Route 1), passing through most towns and cities. It is still an important part of Iceland's internet backbone, but has been duplicated on most routes by private companies. It was constructed in 1989-1991 by the Icelandic Government and NATO to link radar stations of the Iceland Air Defence System. It consists of 8 fibres, 1 of which are for use by NATO, 5 by Míla hf and 2 leased to Ljósleiðarinn.

National Educational and Research Network
Universities and research institutions are connected by RHnet, Iceland's national education and research network (NERN). It is connected to the wider Nordic educational network, NORDUnet and European educational network, GÉANT. The origins of Iceland's internet stem from this network through Hafrannsóknastofnun and in turn the University of Iceland, first being connected in 1986.

Use
Internet access is widespread in Iceland and there has been rapid growth in use since the early 2000s. Data compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shows Iceland with:
 98.2% of households having broadband Internet access in 2016 (1st out of 34)
 99.5% of businesses using the Internet in 2009-2010 (2nd out of 31)
The Global Information Technology Report 2010–2011 by the World Economic Forum ranked Iceland:
 1st out of 138 in terms of Internet users (93.5% of the population used the Internet in 2009)
 1st out of 138 in the use of virtual social networks (a score of 6.8 in 2009–2010, where 1 is not at all and 7 is widely)
 1st out of 138 in terms of Internet access in schools (a score of 6.76 in 2009–2010, where 1 is very limited and 7 is extensive)
 1st out of 138 in accessibility of digital content (a score of 6.62 in 2009–2010, where 1 is not accessible at all and 7 is widely accessible)
 1st out of 137 in the number of secure Internet servers (1,711.3 servers per million population in 2009)
 4th out of 138 in the extent of business Internet use (a score of 6.58 in 2009–2010, where 1 is not at all and 7 is extensively)
 5th out of 138 in terms of international Internet bandwidth (626.8 Mbit/s per 10,000 population in 2009)
 12th out of 138 in terms of laws related to information and communication technology (a score of 5.46 in 2009–2010, where 1 is nonexistent and 7 is well developed)
 25th out of 138 in terms of intellectual property protection (a score of 5.09 in 2009–2010, where 1 is very weak and 7 is very strong)
 35th out of 107 in the use of unlicensed software (an estimated 49% of software was unlicensed in 2009)
 45th out of 138 in terms of freedom of the press (a score of 5.76 in 2009–2010, where 1 is totally restricted and 7 is completely free)

History

Iceland's first connection to the internet was in 1986 through Hafrannsóknastofnun to Amsterdam, eventually expanding to the University of Iceland and eventually becoming ISnet (now Internet á Íslandi hf)., which in turn became ISNIC, the manager of the ".is" domain. The development of Iceland's internet per ISnet, are listed in the table below:

 In 1986 Iceland obtained a UUCP connection between the Marine Research Institute in Iceland to EUnet (European Unix Network) headquarters in Amsterdam.  The connection provided e-mail and Usenet services. Bandwidth was somewhere between 300 and 1200 bits per second (bit/s).
 In 1989 a connection to the Internet was established using IP over X.25 with NORDUnet in Denmark at 2400 bit/s.
 In 1990 a leased line connection to NORDUnet in Stockholm operating at 9600 bit/s was established.  This link was upgraded to operate at 56,000 bit/s in 1992, 128,000 bit/s in 1994, 256,000 bit/s and then 1,000,000 bit/s in 1995, and 1,984,000 in 1996.
 In 1991 the NATO fibre ring was completed, serving as an important part of Iceland's domestic telecom/internet backbone.
 In 1994 the first commercial Internet services, Midheimar ehf, opened with SLIP/PPP access giving people access to the web for the first time from their homes.
 In March 1997 ISnet (a collective term for the Icelandic segments of NORDUnet and EUnet) established a direct connection to Teleglobe in Montreal, Canada at 9600 bit/s. to supplement the European connection. This line was moved to New York City and upgraded to 48,178,001 bit/s in September 1999.
1999 marked the first year ADSL services were available in Iceland.
Broadband internet access gained rapid popularity in Iceland due to the early use of IPTV technologies in the early 2000s. Cable and Satellite TV services are next to nonexistent and therefore the provision of TV through DSL or fibre was in high demand.
In January 2004 the submarine communications fibre cable system FARICE-1 was put into commercial operation with a design capacity of 720 Gbit/s and lit capacity of 20 Gbit/s (and in August 2013 upgraded to a design capacity of 11 Tbit/s and a lit capacity of 200 Gbit/s).
2004 FTTH trials began of Orkuveita Reykjavíkur building a fibre optic network, operating through a subsidiary called Gagnveita Reykjavíkur (GR) with a 100Mbit/s connection.
In 2007, Seltjarnarnes became the world's first town where every citizen had access to fibre optics.
In 2008, xDSL use peaked in Iceland with 98% of connections.
 In September 2009 the submarine communications fibre cable DANICE was put into commercial operation with an original design capacity of 5120 Gbit/s (and later upgraded to a design capacity of at least 16 Terabit/s and a lit capacity of 200 Gbit/s). Additionally Greenland Connect as third cable was installed at the same time.
From 2009, VDSL services became active from Míla in Reykjavík and larger towns offering 50-100 Mbit/s services.
In October 2016, Ljósleiðarinn (Gagnveita Reykjavíkur) upgraded its network from 100 Mbit to 1 Gbit/s symmetric connections to all customers.
In 2018, full fibre connections surpassed xDSL use for the first time.
2018 marked the year that 100% of homes in the Reykjavík area had FTTH access.
Síminn, the incumbent telecommunications provider in Iceland, began to offer services over Ljósleiðarinn's wholesale fibre network in 2021, after a long dispute over fibre access.
In 2022, Síminn completed the sale of its wholesale access and backbone network, Míla, to Ardian.
In 2022, to increase competition in the telecom industry, one of the NATO ring pairs was leased out by competitive tender to Ljósleiðarinn.
In 2022, Ljósleiðarinn took over Vodafone Iceland's national backbone including their one pair on the NATO fibre ring, giving them two pairs to utilise on the national ring. They plan to lay their own circular route around Iceland in the years 2022-2025. This means Vodafone Iceland no longer operates its own backbone.
In February 2023, SpaceX's Starlink became available in Iceland.
In March 2023, the IRIS submarine cable system was ready for service, more than doubling Iceland's international bandwidth capacity with a new route to Ireland.
In October 2023, both major access network operators, Míla and Ljósleiðarinn, began to offer 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s residential connections.

Censorship

Censorship is prohibited by the Icelandic Constitution and there is a strong tradition of protecting freedom of expression that extends to the use of the Internet. This is mirrored by Iceland being rated the most free of the 70 countries in Freedom House's Freedom On the Net 2022 Reportat all.
However, questions about how best to protect children, fight terrorism, prevent libel, and protect the rights of copyright holders are ongoing in Iceland as they are in much of the world.

The five Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland—are central players in the European battle between file sharers, rights holders, and Internet service providers (ISPs). While each country determines its own destiny, the presence of the European Union (EU) is felt in all legal controversies and court cases. Iceland, while not a member of the EU, is part of the European Economic Area (EEA) and has agreed to enact legislation similar to that passed in the EU in areas such as consumer protection and business law.

Internet service providers in Iceland use filters to block Web sites distributing child pornography. Iceland's ISPs in cooperation with Barnaheill—Save the Children Iceland participate in the International Association of Internet Hotlines (INHOPE) project. Suspicious links are reported by organizations and the general public and passed on to relevant authorities for verification.

In 2012 and 2013 Ögmundur Jónasson, Minister of Interior, proposed two bills to the Icelandic parliament that would limit Icelander's access to the Internet. The first proposed limitations on gambling and the second on pornography. Neither bill was passed by the Icelandic parliament and a new government has since been formed following the parliamentary election held on 27 April 2013.

History

On 10 June 2009 the two major ISPs in Iceland, Vodafone Iceland and Iceland Telecom at the behest of SAFT (Save the Children Iceland) and other interest groups instated a null route on the website ringulreid.org, making it inaccessible to most commercial Internet users in Iceland. Other members of the Reykjavik Internet Exchange did not institute the null route, but both Vodafone and Síminn blocked it at their Icelandic routers.

The ringulreid.org domain subsequently expired and the site was taken down by its operator. But a similar site slembingur.org sprang up to replace it.

Both Vodafone Iceland and Síminn updated their blocks to null route 83.99.152.251, the IP address slembingur.org resolves to.
ringulreid.org was a 4chan-like image board in the Icelandic language which had been making the news for cyber-bullying, child porn and similar material. The administrators of the site had rejected these accusations, citing their strict policies of banning users who posted child pornography. ringulreid.org had been set up after a similar site, handahof.org, had been voluntarily closed down by its operator on request of the Iceland Capital Police following their investigation into the matter.

The block against ringulreid.org was instated at the behest of the National Police of Iceland, Iceland Capital Police, the Child Protection Authority of Iceland (part of the Iceland Ministry of Social Affairs), Save the Children Iceland (SAFT) (a private organization) and various other private and government groups, which made public statements encouraging all internet service providers in the country to block access to the site.

Thus the censorship in Iceland is not explicitly government mandated, but implemented voluntarily by private corporations in response to pressure from government and private institutions. Vodafone conducted a legal review to investigate whether it was within its rights to restrict access to the website, and after finding that they were within their rights instituted the block.

In a statement two days after the initial block Hrannar Pétursson, the press secretary for Vodafone, indicated that it was not on Vodafone's agenda to implement a more general censoring mechanism, but as ringulreid.org was an "exaggerated example of such a case" Vodafone considered the act justifiable. His colleague Margrét Stefánsdóttir at Síminn echoed those remarks, saying that Síminn would never close a page on its own initiative, but when faced with such serious requests they were compelled to act.

Since slembingur.org is hosted on a shared web hosting service, and the block takes the form of a null route any other sites that happen to share the same IP address are also blocked. As of 30 September 2010 these were the private E-Mail gateway ns1.bighost.lv, the cosmetics manufacturer saulesfabrika.com, the construction company timbersolution.com, the printing house veiters.com and the boilerplate site ventus.lv. As of 8 February 2011, slembingur.org had changed IP addresses and is therefore no longer blocked by Vodafone. The null route is still in place, so collateral damage is the only result from this incident.

See also
 Telecommunications in Iceland
 .is domain
 Reykjavik Internet Exchange (RIX)
 CANTAT-3
 FARICE
 DANICE
 Greenland Connect
 Verne Global
 Síminn
 Vodafone Iceland (Sýn)
 Internet censorship by country

References


Cunduacán is a municipality in the central portion of the Mexican state of Tabasco, in Mexico. It is located at about 18°4'0"North, 93°10'0"West.

It is located in the Grijalva River Region, Chontalpa subregion. Its name originates from the Mayan cum-ua-cán, which means "place of pots of corn and serpents", which is also the name of the city which is the municipal seat of the municipality. It is made up of 10 villages, 31 ranches (rancherías), 59 ejidos and 13 colonias. The town had a 2005 census population of 81,392 inhabitants (the sixth-largest community in the state after Villahermosa, Cárdenas, and Comalcalco, Huimanguillo, and Macuspana), while the municipality had a population of 112,036  (www.inegi.gob.mx). The municipality has an area of , the eighth in the state in terms of geographical coverage and corresponding to 2.54% of the total area of the state. To the North are the municipalities of Comalcalco and Jalpa de Méndez, to the East are the municipalities of Nacajuca and Centro, to the South is the municipality of Centro and the State of Chiapas, and to the West is the municipality of Cárdenas. Geophysically the municipality is completely flat, as it is part of the coastal plain. Its hydrography consists of the rivers Mezcalapa, which marks its southern border with the municipalities of Centro, Samaria, Guayabal, Cucuyulapa, Barí, Cunduacán and Tular; and the lagoons of Cucuyulapa and Ballona.  The state's Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco has various centers in Cunduacán.

External links
Official site of the municipality
Enciclopedia de Municipios de Mexico – Estado de Tabasco – Cunduacán
Portal Oficial del Municipio de Cunduacán, Tabasco, México

Municipalities of Tabasco
Populated places in Tabasco


Béatrice Picard, ,  (born July 3, 1929 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actress whose career spans over six decades. She became known for her role as Angelina Desmarais in one of the first French Canadian "télé-roman" series called "Le survenant" in the early days of French-speaking television.  She then went on to a prolific career in televised comedies such as "Cré Basil" and "Symphorien". She also played in numerous theatre productions, summer plays, and films. Most recently, she is well known as the Quebec French voice of Marge Simpson in The Simpsons.

Picard received the title of "Miss Radio, Télévision et Cinéma Monde" in 1958.  She was a nominee in the 2008 Genie Awards for Best Lead Actress in My Aunt Aline (Ma tante Aline) in which she plays the title character.

Picard became a Member of the Order of Canada in 1988 and, in 2012, she was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec.

References

External links

1929 births
Living people
Actresses from Montreal
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Officers of the National Order of Quebec


Aktia Bank Plc is a Finnish asset manager, bank and life insurer with offices in the Helsinki, Turku, Tampere, Vaasa and Oulu regions.

Aktia has three business areas: Banking, Asset Management and Life Insurance. Aktia has three reporting business segments: Banking Business, Asset Management and Group Functions.

Aktia has about 250,000 private customers and 20,000 corporate and institutional customers.

Aktia is owned by Finnish savings bank foundations, institutions and private individuals.

The name Aktia is derived from the Greek language word akti, which means coast. Aktia used to serve as the central financial institute for savings and local co-operative banks.

History
Aktia originated from the oldest deposit bank in Finland, founded in 1825 as Helsingfors Stads Sparbanks Inrättning. In 1891 the bank changed its name to Helsingfors Sparbank (Helsinki Savings Bank).

Some banks that have merged with Aktia include: Kirkkonummen Säästöpankki in 1956, Säästöpankki Torkkeli in 1979 and Espoon Säästöpankki in 1980.

Aktia attained its current form in 1991, when the savings bank of Bromarv, Hanko, Ingå, Karjaa-Pohja, Sipoo, Siuntio, and Tenala merged to form Säästöpankki Aktia (Savings Bank Aktia). Later, the savings banks of Porvoo and Vaasa were merged. The name was changed to Aktia Säästöpankki Oy (Aktia Savings Bank Oy) in 1994. In 1996, Aktia acquired the retail banking operations of SKOP Bank (fi), which went bust in the early-1990s Finnish banking crisis and the recession that followed.

The Annual General Meeting in the spring of 2018 decided to merge Aktia's share series: previously the shares were divided into A and R series, of which each R share entitles the holder to 20 votes and each A share to one vote at the Annual General Meeting.

References

Banks of Finland
Banks established in 1991
Companies listed on Nasdaq Helsinki
Finnish companies established in 1991


In Romania, there are 18.8 million connections to the Internet (June 2016). Romania's country code (top level domain) is .ro. The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. There were over 600 000 domains registered under .ro at the end of 2012.

Average speed
Internet usage skyrocketed in Romania after 1999, with small neighborhood Internet service providers that were affordable and with high speeds, bypassing use of copper wires or dial-up methods. This coupled with low population and land mass helps with keeping up a high average speed

According to a top made by Akamai in Q3 2016, Romania was ranked 10th in the world in terms of average Internet peak connection speed with 85 Mbit/s. In Akamai's The State of the Internet Report covering the fourth quarter of 2012, Romania came 4th on average peak connection speed by EMEA country/region.

In 2021, Romania ranked 5th in the world in terms of Internet connection via fixed broadband, having median download speeds of 214 Mbit/s.

Download speed

Based on Net Index report at the end of first half of 2013, Timișoara became the city with the highest download speed in the world. Timișoara had a download speed of 89.91 Mbit/s.The second Romanian city which appeared in the ranking was Constanța, in 14th place, with a speed of 34.45 Mbit/s. The capital Bucharest came 19th, with speeds of 33.57 Mbit/s, and Brașov, 27th, with 31.01 Mbit/s. World City Ranking requires at least 75,000 unique IP addresses for a given city.

Based on Net Index data from April 2015, Cristesti is the Romanian town with the fastest internet speed of 139.12 Mbit/s. This is surprising giving the fact that major cities are usually ranked lower on the list, Bucharest being listed at number 6 and Iasi is present in 9th position. Romania is one of the countries with the fastest fixed internet connection speeds and also one of the cheapest, with 1 Gbit/s internet connections being sold for around 8 euros a month.

Internet Service Providers
Total number of active providers, as of June, 2017: 871
Twisted pair Ethernet, satellite, other: 655 providers
Coaxial Cable (cable modem) Access: 27 providers,
Optical Fiber Access: 164 providers,
xDSL Access: 5 providers.

Broadband Internet access
Broadband penetration as of June 2017: 23.5 broadband connections for every 100 people.

Distribution of broadband connections by type, as reported by Ancom, is as follows 94% FTTx (FTTH/FTTB/FTTC/FTTN) internet access connections,
4.8% Coaxial cable,0.2% other.

In Romania, broadband internet has been available since 2000, through coaxial cable, first from Kappa (now owned by UPC) and currently from DIGI and UPC. Recent speeds range between 10 Mbit/s and 1000 Mbit/s for household targeted plans, and the data traffic is unmetered.

However, the most popular broadband services are provided by micro-ISPs (known locally as "reţea de bloc/reţea de cartier" (Block/Neighborhood Networks)) with 50 to 3000 customers each. These ISPs usually provide their services through Ethernet over twisted pair, with a number of particularities and peculiarities: most were grassroot organizations and still have a feeling of community between subscribers and the management, speeds are usually divided in three categories: "LAN", "Metropolitan" and "International" with Metropolitan meaning a limited number of networks with which the micro-ISP has a peering agreement and sometimes the cable internet providers. Generally, for such broadband connections, speeds are 1000 Mbit/s locally, 1-100 Mbit/s metro and 256-2048 kbit/s International. Some of these micro-ISP function completely legally, while others (generally the smaller ones) are organized informally in something like a permanent LAN party. Many of these micro-ISPs formed organizations to represent their common interests and provide for integration of services (one such organization is Interlan, covering the whole of Bucharest). Speeds, uptime, quality of service are generally not guaranteed, and while the biggest networks offer high quality connections and  / 30 Mbit/s upload international technical support, for the smallest ones, there is even the risk of network cards burning because of lightning strikes and badly insulated network infrastructure.

For business use, services are usually provided through fiber optics or less often, radio. Companies providing such services are providing very flexible and negotiable plans also based on the Metropolitan/International distinction. Usually prices and bandwidths are fully negotiable, with the micro-ISPs discussed above being influential resellers. There is very strong competition, with no peering between many such companies (again requiring a lot of traffic to be routed through international routes) and not even access to another's fiber-optics infrastructure (leading to the existence, in some cases, of over 25 fiber optics cables on the same street, hanging from the same pole). As such many companies have two separate providers for basically the same services.

DSL has been an option since late 1990s but is a less popular choice compared to the other offers because it is slightly more expensive. It has a great coverage (more than 650 cities and towns). Nowadays most other providers prefer to use Optical Fiber.

Cable

Usually, in order to be able to get an internet subscription through cable, the customers must also subscribe to a TV service.

FTTB

Romtelecom The company was approached by T-Mobile and now it is known as Telekom (Partnership between Cosmote and Romtelecom)

DIGI launched in 2006 FiberLink, an optic fiber based internet subscription geared towards supporting and encouraging the large demand for cheap metropolitan traffic. Most of DIGI's cable infrastructure immediately began being replaced by the newer FTTB, and as of late 2006, DIGI started expanding the service by acquiring and converting the popular "Neighborhood Networks" of the urban areas.

Telekom now offers FTTH connections as well.

FTTH

DIGI offers their FiberLink service to residential customers in individual homes through a GPON implementation, with gigabit speeds. The service is available to residential customers in condominiums if they opt for FL500 or FL1000 even if a FTTB solution already exists. The Internet subscription packages are the same as for the FTTB.

Mobile & Wireless

Usually, a subscription plan includes a certain amount of data traffic per month, after which the user is limited to 128 kbit/s download speeds.

Orange Romania offers a 3G/3G+ service with speeds of up to 43.2 Mbit/s in a limited number of cities and up to 21.6 Mbit/s in rural areas (on 900 and 2100 MHz frequencies). Since April 2014 their offer was updated to include subscriptions for 4G. Since September 2014 they introduced 4G+ with speeds up to 300 Mbit/s. There is also active 5G service with speeds up to 1200 Mbit/s.

Vodafone Romania also uses 3G/3G+ technologies, with speeds of up to 43.2 Mbit/s in big cities and up to 21.6 Mbit/s nationwide (on 900 and 2100 MHz frequencies). In 2012 they were the first operator to offer 4G subscriptions with the speeds gradually increased from 75 to 150 Mbit/s. On 8 September 2014, Vodafone announced its new technology: Supernet 4G - more often known as 4G+, which promises internet speeds of 300 Mbit/s using the mobile network. According to OpenSignal report on 24 September 2015, Vodafone Romania is the fastest internet provider of LTE services in Europe with an average 36 Mbit/s for download. Vodafone Romania was the first to launch 5G services in Romania, promising speeds of up to 500 Mbit/s in big cities.

DIGI (formerly known as RCS&RDS) provides 3G internet with speeds of up to 21.6 Mbit/s in the main cities and up to 7.2 Mbit/s on the main roads (on 900 and 2100 MHz frequencies). Wired internet subscribers with superior plans also receive a free 3G internet dongle and service. Since June 2014, an agreement with Vodafone allows the users of DIGI services to do national roaming for both voice and data, using the infrastructure of Vodafone in places where DIGI does not have coverage. On 20 August 2015, DIGI announced that they acquired a LTE license that was previously owned by 2K Telekom Romania SRL. With no specific launched date, DIGI promised that its 4G services will be available in the biggest 25 cities across the country until the end of the year, with the first 12 cities access in September. The license acquired is for Band38 - LTE ; TDD-LTE on 2600 MHz with a maximum download speed of 150 Mbit/s.
Telekom Romania provides 3G internet with speeds of up to 43.2 Mbit/s in urban areas on 2100 MHz and EDGE in rural areas on 900 MHz. Since 2013 they introduced 4G with speeds up to 150 Mbit/s. In 2019, one day after Vodafone, DIGI announced their 5G infrastructure.

WiMAX services are offered by companies like Idilis, OpticNET, Necc Telecom and Rombit NET. Speeds go up to 6 Mbit/s download and 1 Mbit/s upload, with unmetered traffic. Some providers are resellers or share the same radio infrastructure.

Public Wi-Fi Hotspots
DIGI launched the Digi Wi-Fi service in 2011. It is free to use by all DIGI wired internet subscribers, and free for up to 60 minutes per day for guests. There are no paid plans available.

Vodafone Romania launched the Vodafone Wi-Fi service in 2012. It allows free connections for up to 60 minutes, after which the user is disconnected. A new free connection can be made again, after the time is up.

Orange Romania offers free Wi-Fi hotspots in Bucharest's old center under the Orange Wi-Fi Zone brand since 2011.

CityNet and the vice mayor of Botosani, Cosmin Andrei launched at the Summer Fest 2013 a new service offering free Wi-Fi hotspots in more than 30 locations covering places such as schools, public parks, hospitals and landmark buildings. Promises were also made to extend in the near future.

See also
Internet censorship in Romania
RoEduNet

References


The Internet in Ukraine is well developed and steadily growing, mostly uninfluenced by the global financial crisis; in April 2012 rapid growth was forecast for at least two more years. , Ukraine was ranked 9th in the "Top 10 Internet countries in Europe", with then 33.9% Internet penetration and 15.3 million users; growing to 36.8% in 2012. However,  about 30 million Ukrainians (85% of the country's population older than 15) were Internet users.

In 2011, online retailing turnover in Ukraine exceeded US$2 bn. For 2012, it was expected to reach US$4 bn. Online payments in the country in 2011 where estimated at US$400 million, 200% growth compared to 2010.

, Ukraine ranked 59th among the world's countries by the fixed broadband Internet access speed, with an average download speed of 59.13 mbit/s, and 80th by the mobile network Internet access speed with 25.63 mbit/s.

Freedom House concluded that the Internet in Ukraine is "Partly Free" in 2019 and 2020.

A Research & Branding Group February 2021 poll found that for the first time Ukrainians preferred the Internet as their primary news source instead of television (51% preferred the Internet and 41% TV).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Internet was partly provided by the Starlink satellite service.

Internet audience
According to GlobalLogic, 85% of Ukraine's population older than 15 have had access to Internet in January 2021.

Data from database: World Development Indicators Last Updated: 10/14/2016 indicates the data below

Internet services
In 2011, the number of subscribers to Internet service providers in Ukraine had increased compared to 2010 by 13.3% to 4,148,658. After the 3rd quarter of 2012, the number of broadband subscribers alone exceeded that figure, grown to 6,700,000. 2011 revenues from Internet service providing in Ukraine reached ₴4.75 billion (US$595 million). It is unclear whether these numbers include mobile Internet services which are provided by all of Ukraine's mobile phone operators.

Access technologies
All existing standards of Internet access are available in Ukraine, with broadband services mostly limited to cities.

Mobile GPRS access is available in vast majority of Ukraine's territory, including all urban areas and airports, most roads and railway lines, many coastal waters. 3G mobile access market is steadily developing. Public Wi-Fi hotspots are widespread throughout cities. There are plans and projects for providing mass wireless broadband access in urban open spaces, on Ukrzaliznytsia long-distance trains and in urban public transport vehicles. According to Ericsson ConsumerLab, 36% of Ukraine's urban population access the Internet via mobile phone or smartphone.

According to the iKS-Consulting, there were 6 700 000 broadband subscribers in Ukraine as of 3Q 2012; 5.97 million of them were households, which amounts to 34% broadband Internet penetration of all country's households. The consultancy estimated broadband providing revenues in the 3rd quarter of 2012 at ₴1.36 billion (US$167 million), which is the growth 13.7% compared to 3Q 2011 results.

Thousands of national, regional and local ISP operate in Ukraine, with as much 14 ISPs competing for every household client in the capital city Kyiv.

Major Internet service providers
According to Expert & Consulting (E&C), the top-10 Ukrainian fixed Broadband Internet service providers had about 3.36 million subscribers as of the 2nd quarter of 2012; as of the 3rd quarter, that figure rose to about 3,46 million subscribers. According to estimations of Expert & Consulting (E&C), there were 7,06 mln. subscribers of fixed Broadband Internet at the end of 1st half of 2013.

Ukrtelecom is the largest Internet access provider (as well as fixed telephone provider) and was the only UMTS 3G provider in Ukraine until 2015, when all three major operators (Vodafone, Kyivstar and Lifecell) have gained the licensing and set up their own 3G networks. In particular, it was serving over 1.4 million DSL/ISDN fixed access clients in June 2012. The second-largest provider Volia is a major player specializing in cable access combined with TV signal. Both MTS and Kyivstar (Ukraine's largest mobile phone operators) also offer fixed broadband access along with their mobile Internet services.

Social networks

Facebook
There were 1,686,500 Facebook users in Ukraine in 2011 and over 3,000,000 in October 2013. According to the Internet Association of Ukraine 13 million Ukrainians used Facebook in 2019. In 2018, this number had increased by 3 million or 30%, and in the previous five years by 9.8 million or 306.2%. The Internet Association of Ukraine claimed in November 2019 that Facebook was the most popular social network of Ukraine.

Twitter
According to the Google Analytics, in 2012 the number of daily Twitter visitors from Ukraine reaches 120,000 while the "Yandex.Ukraine" estimated the number of Ukrainian users at 500,000, and GfK Ukraine, a market research company, found that a quarter of Ukrainian Twitter users ignore their accounts completely, while 28 percent check them only occasionally. Ukrainian politician Yulia Tymoshenko was the most followed Twitter user in Ukraine as of early 2012, with 91,547 followers.

A Research & Branding Group February 2021 poll found 6% of Ukrainians used Twitter.

Instagram
According to research by PlusOne Communications Group in March 2019 Ukraine had 11 million Instagram users. Ukrainians under the age of 30 used Instagram more than Facebook. According to the Internet Association of Ukraine 3.8 million people used the network in 2017, in 2018 this had been 7.3 million people.

Telegram
A Research & Branding Group February 2021 poll found 17% of Ukrainians used Telegram. According to the pollster the number of its users in Ukraine had tripled since 2018.

VK
According to Alexa Internet ranking, in 2013 VK was the most visited website in Ukraine. According to the company, in January 2012 VK had more than 20 million registered users from Ukraine (out of a total of 155 million users worldwide); 6.6 million of them visited the site daily. , VK's mean daily audience in Ukraine grew to 9.35 million (according to LiveInternet), which amounted to 20.2% of the network's mean daily global traffic.

On 16 May 2017, President Poroshenko signed a decree requiring providers to block access to VK, as it was claimed they participated in an information war against Ukraine.

According to the Internet Association of Ukraine the share of Ukrainian Internet users who visit VK daily had fallen from 54% to 10% from September 2016 to September 2019. For 2019 VK appeared as the most visited social network in Ukraine according to Alexa. The Internet Association of Ukraine claimed in November 2019 that Facebook was the most popular social network of Ukraine. A Research & Branding Group February 2021 poll found 5% of Ukrainians continued to use VK.

Internet-based commerce and trade

Online retail
According to the 2013 TEMAX index by the GfK, Ukraine's online house appliances and consumer electronics market is the second fastest-growing in Europe (after the Turkish), with estimated 2012 size of . There were estimated 5,000–7,000 online shops in operation across the country, with about 1,300 of them working in the house appliances and consumer electronics sector.

Online ticketing
E-ticketing is rapidly growing in Ukraine, being recently boosted by the Ukrzaliznytsia national railway operator's implementation of its own online booking system, available in Ukrainian and English. Tickets for all regular airline flights and vast majority of the intercity bus services are also available for booking or purchase through independent online service providers.

Online banking
The vast majority of Ukraine's banks offer online banking (usually free of charge). Payments for vast and growing number of services are accepted online (both through the ATM card payments systems and the independent electronic money facilitators); all possible payments from a person are typically accepted online in big cities.

Internet censorship and surveillance

In December 2010 the OpenNet Initiative found little evidence of Internet filtering in Ukraine in all four areas (political, social, conflict/security, and Internet tools) they tested.

In its Freedom on the Net report covering the period from May 2012 to April 2013, Freedom House found the internet in Ukraine to be "largely unhindered" and rated the internet in Ukraine as "Free" with an overall score of 28, on a scale from 0 (most free) to 100 (least free). The report said that "there is no practice of institutionalized blocking or filtering, or a regulatory framework for censorship of content online", but "there have been attempts at creating legislation which could censor or limit content" and would "present indirect threats to freedom of information online."

Access to the internet in Ukraine remains largely unfettered. Ukraine possesses relatively liberal legislation governing the Internet and access to information. The Law on Protection of Public Morals of 20 November 2003, prohibits the production and circulation of pornography; dissemination of products that propagandize war or spread national and religious intolerance; humiliation or insult to an individual or nation on the grounds of nationality, religion, or ignorance; and the propagation of "drug addiction, toxicology, alcoholism, smoking and other bad habits."

While there are no government restrictions on internet access, law enforcement bodies are known to using online monitoring, at times without permission. Bloggers and online publications have accused law enforcement agencies of interference.

The law provides for freedom of speech and press. However, the Ukrainian government does not always respect these rights in practice. Individuals can criticize the government. Libel is considered a civil offence, and the law limits the level of damages that may be claimed in libel lawsuits. The press is free to criticize express opinions, and public officials have fewer legal protections from criticism than other citizens. However, local media observers have expressed concern over high monetary damages demanded and awarded for alleged libel. The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference of privacy, family, home, or correspondence, but authorities generally do not respect these prohibitions. For example:
 On 17 August 2012, opposition politician Oleksandr Turchynov alleged that law enforcement officials monitored and tracked opposition activists without legal permission.
 On 20 August 2012, Serhiy Vlasenko, a lawyer for former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko, alleged that authorities kept him under surveillance, tapped his telephones, and monitored his e-mail account.
 While, by law the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) may not conduct surveillance or searches without a court-issued warrant, and citizens have the legal right to examine any dossier concerning them in the possession of the SBU and to recover losses resulting from an investigation, authorities generally do not respect these rights because implementing legislation has not been enacted, and many citizens are not aware of their rights or that authorities have violated their privacy.
A report from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) found around 300 instances of violent attacks on the media in Ukraine from November 2013 to May 2014.

In 2014, amid increasing tensions with Russia, the Ukrainian government became more intolerant of the press. Under the impact of war and social polarization, the democratic credentials of the pro-European Kiev government have been slipping as well. A crackdown on what authorities describe as “pro-separatist” points of view has triggered dismay among Western human rights monitors. For example, the September 11, 2014 shutdown of the independent Kyiv-based Vesti newspaper by the Ukrainian Security Service for “violating Ukraine's territorial integrity” brought condemnation from the international Committee to Protect Journalists and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

The Ukrainian Security Service (SBU) broke into the office of a Kyiv-based digital newspaper “Vesti”, physically trapping reporters and ultimately shutting down the website.

Vesti News's editor-in-chief Igor Guzhva wrote on his Facebook page that the news outlet had been raided by SBU. The SBU reportedly took all servers, kept staffers in a "hot corridor" and shut down the website completely. Guzhva said that the purpose of the raid was "to block our work.". “Journalists are not being let into their office," Guzhva wrote. "Those who were already inside at the moment of the raid are being kept in the building and are not allowed to use cell phones.”

Guzhva said that this is the second time in just six months that the SBU has tried to "intimidate" its editors. He added that he is unsure of the reason for the raid, but suspects that it might have to do with a story the website published about the SBU chief's daughter.

On 16 May 2017, President Poroshenko signed a decree requiring providers to block access to a number of Russian websites, including four of the most popular websites in Ukraine: VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, Yandex and Mail.Ru. The president claimed they participated in an information war against Ukraine. Respondents in an online poll on the UNIAN site declared that 66% were “categorically against” the ban of Russian sites and another 11% said it would be easier to “ban the whole internet, like in North Korea”. The move was widely criticised as censorship, and Reporters Without Borders condemned the ban, calling it a "disproportionate measure that seriously undermines the Ukrainian people's right to information and freedom of expression."

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Starlink

Ukraine's military and government rapidly became dependent on SpaceX's Starlink satellite services during Russian's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, as Russia attacked key infrastructures including telecommunication ones, and Ukraine was experiencing significant problems with Internet access.

While military and government use of the Starlink has been the most important aspect of opening Ukraine to low-altitude satellite internet services in early 2022, civilians are also heavily using the technology "to keep in touch with the outside world and tell loved ones that they are alive." During the war, Ukrainians can use Starlink terminals without paying the usual monthly subscription fee.

To pay for the cost of Starlink in Ukraine, SpaceX donated for an estimate of over $100 million, while an unknown amount was secured by several European countries and the US government. In June 2023, The Pentagon communicated that the Department of Defense signed a contract with SpaceX's Starlink to buy those satellite services for Ukraine.

The use of Starlink in Russian-occupied territories in Ukraine was however restricted by SpaceX, according to Ukrainian officials.

Russian Internet takeover in occupied territories
Public Internet access networks in occupied areas including Luhansk, Donetsk and Crimea have been taken over by Russian-backed providers including the Crimea-based Miranda Media. Access in the occupied territories is subject to Russian media restrictions and monitoring.

See also
 Economy of Ukraine
 Telecommunications in Ukraine

References

Главными трендами Уанета станут электронная коммерция, мобильные приложения и медиа - участники рынка by Korrespondent.net
Эксперты: в Украине домашний доступ в Интернет есть у 40% граждан, - rbc.ua

External links

Internet Association of Ukraine
Watcher:  - Ukrainian Internet business and marketing online newspaper
ProIT   - Ukrainian IT industry online newspaper
AIN  - Ukrainian IT industry online newspaper


United Nations Security Council Resolution 317, adopted on July 21, 1972, following up on Resolution 316 the Council deplored the fact that despite its efforts Syrian and Lebanese military personnel abducted by Israeli armed forces from Lebanese territory on June 21 had not been released.  The Council requested the President of the Security Council and the Secretary-General make renewed efforts to implement the resolution and called upon Israel to return the Syrian and Lebanese personnel without delay.

The resolution was passed with 14 votes; the United States abstained from voting.

See also
 Israeli–Lebanese conflict
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976)

References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

External links

 0317
 0317
Arab–Israeli peace process
1972 in Israel
1972 in Lebanon
 0317
July 1972 events


Sepahua is a district in southern Atalaya Province in Peru. It is bordered by the Junín Region on the west, the district of Raymondi on the north, the Echarate District on the east, and  national land  on the south.

External links
  Municipalidad Distrital de Sepahua
  Sepahua Selva

Districts of the Atalaya Province
Districts of the Ucayali Region


After finishing in second place in the International Association in 1878, the Syracuse Stars joined the rival National League for the 1879 baseball season. However, on September 10, with a seventh-place 22–48 record, they folded operations with a handful of games remaining.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1879 Syracuse Stars season at Baseball Reference

Syracuse Stars season
1879


Buire-sur-l'Ancre (, literally Buire on the Ancre; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D52 road, some  northwest of Amiens.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Admiral of the Fleet Sir Thomas Matthew Charles Symonds, GCB (31 October 1811 – 14 November 1894) was a Royal Navy officer. He was commanding officer of  which participated in the bombardment of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.

Symonds became Admiral Superintendent at Devonport Dockyard and then Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron. In that capacity he invented the scalene triangle naval formation, replacing the older isosceles triangle naval formation, and earned himself a reputation as a tactician. He also carried out an investigation into the design of the turret ships HMS Monarch and HMS Captain and concluded that the turret ships were "formidable" and would, by superior armament, destroy any opposing broadside ships. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth.

Symonds led an active retirement, writing letters and pamphlets to The Times arguing in favour of changes to ship design and a stronger navy. He also wrote an open letter to the British press regarding the naval armour tests by the United States Navy at Annapolis arguing that the compound-armour used in the design of the British Trafalgar-class battleships was defective. He then issued a nine-column, eleven-point statement as a Christmas supplement to all the service papers entitled "The Truly Perilous State of Great Britain Should War Occur between France and Ourselves".

Early life

Symonds was born in 1811 in Milford-on-Sea, Hampshire, the second son of Rear Admiral Sir William Symonds and Elizabeth Saunders Symonds (née Luscombe). He was baptised along with his younger brothers Julian and Jermyn on 11 September 1816 in Fawley, Hampshire. His elder brother William Cornwallis Symonds (1810–1841) became an army captain.

Early career
Symonds joined the Royal Navy on 25 April 1825. After passing his examinations, he was promoted to lieutenant on 5 November 1832. He was appointed to the sixth-rate  at Portsmouth in April 1833 and then transferred to the fourth-rate  in the Mediterranean Fleet in September 1833. He transferred again to the first-rate  in July 1834 and to the sixth-rate  on the East Indies Station in December 1834.

Symonds was promoted to commander on 21 October 1837, just before returning home, and then became commanding officer of the sloop  on the North America and West Indies Station in August 1838. He was promoted to captain on 22 February 1841, benefiting from his father's Whig friends in the Admiralty repaying favours for services they had received from his father in the past. He became commanding officer of the sixth-rate  in the Mediterranean Fleet in May 1846 and then commanding officer of the fourth-rate , which he commissioned and then delivered to the Mediterranean Fleet, in January 1850.

Symonds was deployed to the Black Sea in HMS Arethusa in 1854, early of the Crimean War, and participated in the bombardment of Sevastopol in October 1854. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 5 July 1855 and was awarded the Order of the Medjidie, third class on 3 April 1858. He went on to be commanding officer of the first-rate HMS Conqueror, in the Channel Squadron, in November 1855.

Senior command

Promoted to rear-admiral on 1 November 1860, Symonds became Admiral Superintendent at Devonport Dockyard, with his flag in the second-rate HMS Indus, in December 1862. Promoted to vice-admiral on 2 April 1866, he went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Channel Squadron, with his flag in the armoured frigate HMS Minotaur, in December 1868. In that role he invented the scalene triangle naval formation, replacing the older isosceles triangle naval formation, and earned himself a reputation as a tactician. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 13 March 1867.

In 1870 Symonds carried out an investigation into the design of the turret ships HMS Monarch and HMS Captain and concluded that the turret ships were "formidable" and would, by superior armament, destroy any opposing broadside ships. HMS Captain capsized in September 1870 with the loss of nearly 500 lives because of design and construction errors that led to inadequate stability.

Promoted to full admiral on 14 July 1871, Symonds became Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, with his flag in the first-rate HMS Royal Adelaide, in November 1875 and was then promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 15 June 1879 and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 23 April 1880.

Symonds retired in July 1883: he led an active retirement, writing letters and pamphlets to The Times arguing in favour of changes to ship design and a stronger navy.  On 20 October 1890, he wrote an open letter to the British press regarding the naval armour tests by the United States Navy at Annapolis. His point was that the tests showed that the compound-armour used in the design of the British Trafalgar-class battleships, HMS Trafalgar and HMS Nile was defective. He also argued that these battleships had "untrustworthy monster guns" fitted on "enormously heavy turrets" and consequently sat far too low in the water.

In 1892, Symonds issued a nine-column, eleven-point statement as a Christmas supplement to all the service papers entitled "The Truly Perilous State of Great Britain Should War Occur between France and Ourselves". He died at his home, Sunny Hill at Higher Warberry in Torquay, on 14 November 1894.

Family
In September 1845 Symonds married Anna Maria, daughter of Captain Edmund Heywood RN. Following the death of his first wife in June 1847, he married Prestwood Mary, daughter of Captain Thomas Wolrige RN, in February 1856.

See also

References

Sources

External links
William Loney Career History

|-

1811 births
1894 deaths
People from Milford on Sea
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy admirals of the fleet
Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War
Thomas


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jelgava () is a diocese located in the city of Jelgava in the Ecclesiastical province of Riga in Latvia.

History
 2 December 1995: Established as Diocese of Jelgava from the Diocese of Liepāja

Leadership
 Bishops of Jelgava (Roman rite)
 Antons Justs (7 Dec 1995 – 22 July 2011)
 Edvards Pavlovskis (22 July 2011 – present)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Latvia
List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Latvia

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

References

Jelgava
Roman Catholic dioceses in Latvia
Christian organizations established in 1995
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century


Davide Saverino (born 20 January 1977) is an Italian former footballer who played as a midfielder.

He played more than 100 games in Serie B, and also played in Serie C1, Serie C2 and Serie D.

Career
Saverino started his career at Varese of Serie C2. After spending the first half of the 1996–97 season on loan with Sanvitese in Serie D, and the 1997–98 season with Verbania, also in Serie D, he returned to newly promoted Serie C1 side Varese in the summer of 1997.

He played in Serie C1 for Varese until summer 2001 signed by league rival Livorno, and won Serie B promotion next season.

In January 2004, he joined league rival Venezia. After the club faced financial problem, and limited appearances, Saverino joined Chieti of Serie C1 in January 2005, but the club almost relegated to Serie C2.

In summer 2005, Saverino moved to league rival Spezia, he followed the club to win promotion to Serie B.

In summer 2007, he was signed by league rival Treviso, but in just few days loaned back to Spezia. In January 2008, he was loaned to another Serie B club Ascoli, then later signed for Cremonese in the following season, re-joined coach Ivo Iaconi.

He plays for Reggiana during the season 2009/2010, along with Gianluca Temelin.

References

External links
 gazzetta.it
 AIC Profile

Italian men's footballers
SSD Varese Calcio players
US Livorno 1915 players
Venezia FC players
SS Chieti Calcio players
Spezia Calcio players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
US Cremonese players
AC Reggiana 1919 players
Serie B players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Milan
1977 births
Living people


This song is not to be confused with the Bridie Gallagher song "The Hills of Donegal".

"Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal)" is a song by the Irish folk rock group Goats Don't Shave. It was a top 10 hit for the band in 1991, reaching #4 on the Irish singles chart.

Lyrics and meaning
The lyrics of the song tell of the speaker's desire to turn County Donegal, described to be fame-less and unknown, into a gambling hub, ala Las Vegas. He speaks of walling it off from the rest of Ireland while legalizing casinos and brothels. There are several references made to people from popular and business culture including Jack the Ripper, Neil Blaney, Brigitte Nielsen, Mike Tyson and Donald Trump.

Release and reception
It was first released by the Goats Don't Shave in 1992 with the release of their album, The Rusty Razor. The song found new popularity in the 2000s, not only among people from County Donegal, but people from all over Ireland. The album was a mix of modern material and traditional Irish folk written mostly by Pat Gallagher.

Cover versions
The song has been covered by many other artists including The Dubliners.
Charlie and the Bhoys
Mike Denver
Scythian
Nathan Carter
The Irish Rovers

Legacy
The song was blared from the Croke Park PA system after Donegal won the Sam Maguire Cup in 2012. It was again played on the Croke Park PA system just before Donegal were presented with the National League Division 2(football) Cup in April 2019.

See also

 Donald Trump in music

References

External links
 Lyrics
 Backing Track

Irish songs
Irish folk songs
Songs about Ireland
Songs about Donald Trump