Portsmouth railway station was on the Copy Pit line and served the village of Portsmouth, which was part of Lancashire, before being incorporated into the West Riding of Yorkshire in the late 1880s. It is now in the successor county of West Yorkshire.  It opened along with the line in 1849 but was closed as an economy measure on 7 July 1958. Few traces of the station remain, although the line itself remains in use for passenger trains between Burnley and Hebden Bridge or Todmorden.

References

External links
 Portsmouth station on navigable 1947 O. S. map
Railscot - Photos of Portsmouth (Lancashire)

Disused railway stations in Calderdale
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1958
Todmorden
1849 establishments in England


The Nigerian National League (formerly known as National Division 1)

The Nigerian National League   shortly known as the NNL in Nigeria and is the second-highest overall in the Nigerian football league system after the Nigeria Professional Football League, and is currently contested by 46 clubs.

Each season, four teams are promoted to the Nigeria Professional Football League, via NNL Super 4/NNL Super 8. The twelve lowest-finishing teams in the Nigerian National League are relegated to Nigeria Nationwide League.

History
From 1997-2011, the league has been split into 1A for Northern teams and 1B for southern teams. The top two from each division are promoted to the Nigerian Premier League the next season. The exceptions were the 2005–06 and 2006-07 seasons where there were four divisions of eight teams each, with each division winner winning promotion. Up to four teams in each division are relegated each season to the Amateur First Division. The league was renamed 19 June 2008. In 2012 the league expanded from 32 to 36 teams with 2 more teams promoted. The league used the 2006 format, with four divisions of nine teams each, with division winners receiving automatic promotion. In 2012-13, it went back to two divisions of sixteen. For the 2015 season, it used four divisions of eight teams.

2019-20 season
The season kicked off in November 2019. The 42 teams were consolidated back into four divisions.

The league went for the December break, and didn't return. The league was later cancelled due to the outbreak of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria. No team was promoted to the Premier division after football activities were stopped due to the rampaging effect of Covid-19.

Group A1

ABS FC
Aklosendi Int'l
DMD Borno
Federal Road Safety FC
Green Beret FC
Kada City F.C.
Kebbi United
Kogi United
NAF FC
Malumfashi FC
Oyah Sports
FC Zamfara

Group A2
EFCC F.C.
El-Kanemi Warriors
Gombe United
Kwara United
Mighty Jets
Rarara FC
Sokoto United
Niger Tornadoes
Yobe Desert Stars

Group B1
Abia Comets
Apex Krane FC, Delta State
Ibom Youth
Dynamite FC
Ekiti United
Gateway United F.C.
 Giant Brillars
Go Round F.C.
Nilàyo FC
Osun United F.C.
Shooting Stars S.C.

Group B2
Bayelsa United
Bendel Insurance
Calabar Rovers
Crown F.C.
J'Atete FC
Joy Cometh FC
Lamray United
Remo Stars F.C.
Stationery Stores F.C.
Vandrezzer FC

2020/21 Season
On 6 November 2020, the league's organizing committee agreed to continue the four division North and South format for the 2021 season. The start date was to be three weeks after the top division NPFL resumes. The league is expected to start on 30 January 2021 after the successful draws at the Congress held on Friday 15 January at Ebonyi State

On Saturday 30 January 2021, an Emergency congress took place in Ebonyi State where the kick off date was changed to 13 February 2021. 21 clubs voted in favor of 13 February while 4 clubs voted in favor of 6 February

Group A1
ABS FC, Ilorin
EFCC FC, Abuja
Hyperbuzz, Maiduguri
Kogi United
Mailantarki Carr
Mighty Jets

Group A2
DMD Borno
Federal Road Safety FC
G&K Shekarau FC, Kano
Kebbi United
Kogi United
Malumfashi United
Niger Tornadoes, Minna
Yobe Desert Stars F.C.
Zamfara United

Group B1
Calabar Rovers
Delta Force F.C.
Dynamite Force FC, Benin
Ekiti United
Giant Brillars, Enugu
Go Round F.C., Omoku
Nilàyo FC, Abeokuta
Nnewi United
Osun United F.C.
3SC, Ibadan
Stationery Stores F.C., Lagos
Vandrezzer FC, Lagos

Group B2
Abia Comets F.C.
Apex Krane FC, Delta State
Bayelsa United
Bendel Insurance
Crown F.C.
Gateway United F.C.
Godosky FC, Anambra
Holy Arrows FC, Oleh
Ibom Youths FC, Uyo
J'Atete FC, Ughelli
Joy Cometh FC, Lagos
FC One Rocket, Ikot Ekpene
Remo Stars F.C.

Nigeria National League Stadiums 2020-21

Past winners
The league was a single table until 1998. Between 1998-2011 winners of the North and South divisions played a one-game playoff to determine the overall Division champion. 2011-2017 the champion was determined by a Super Four mini-league between the four promoted teams. In 2018 it was a Super Eight to pick the four teams.

See also
List of Nigerian Clubs

References

External links
 2006-07 season on rsssf
 2009-10 final 1-A table (JUTH FC site)
 Two clubs opt out of NNL
 National League hits TV
 Nigeria National League holds Seminar
 2012 league lineup

2
Second level football leagues in Africa
Sports leagues established in 1979
1979 establishments in Nigeria


Palm Beach Airport may refer to:

 North Palm Beach County General Aviation Airport in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States
 Palm Beach County Glades Airport in Palm Beach, Florida, United States
 Palm Beach County Park Airport in Palm Beach, Florida, United States
 Palm Beach International Airport in Palm Beach, Florida, United States
 Palm Beach Water Airport in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia


St Matthew's Church is in the village of Haslington, Cheshire, England.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Nantwich.  Its benefice is combined with that of St Michael and All Angels, Crewe Green.

History

The authors of the Buildings of England series describe this as a church of "two builds", both of which are "handsome".  The west part was built in 1810. The east end was built in 1909 and was designed by Reginald T. Longden.

Architecture

Exterior

The church is built in brown brick with a slate roof.  Its plan consists of a three-bay nave and a chancel.  The entrance is at the west end through a gabled porch.  The doors are in a semicircular arched doorway above which is a lunette window, and over that is a clock face in the tympanum.  On the top of the gable and slightly recessed is a timber louvred bell turret with a lead ogee cupola.  The nave windows have semicircular heads.  The flat-headed east window has seven lights.

Interior
The reredos is in oak and has a frieze with a grapevine motif. The carved communion rail is in Gothic style. The nave walls have wainscotting to a dado height.  The organ was built in 1900 in Steele and Keay, and rebuilt in 1967 by Reeves.

External features
The churchyard contains seven war graves, comprising four soldiers and two Royal Navy sailors of World War I, and a soldier of World War II.

Train driver Wally Oakes, who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his gallantry in ensuring the safety of his passengers, is buried in the churchyard.

See also

Listed buildings in Haslington

References

Church of England church buildings in Cheshire
Grade II listed churches in Cheshire
Churches completed in 1810
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Churches completed in 1909
Diocese of Chester


The Diocese of Ponta Grossa () is a territorial division of the Catholic Church in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It was created in 1926 by Papal bull Quum in Dies Numerus of Pope Pius XI, with bula Quum in numerus. It is a suffragan diocese of Archdiocese of Curitiba. The fifth and current Diocesan Bishop is Bishop Sergio Arthur Braschi.

Bishops

Antônio Mazzarotto (1929 – 1965)
Geraldo Luis Claudio Micheleto Pellanda, C.P. (1965 – 1991)
Murilo Sebastian Ramos Krieger, S.C.I. (1991 – 1998), appointed Archbishop of Maringá, Parana
Joao Braz de Aviz (1998 – 2003), appointed	Archbishop of Maringá, Parana; future Cardinal
Sérgio Arthur Braschi (2003 – present)

It is the largest centre of vocations throughout the Paraná, responsible for 40% of all priests present in Parana.

Coadjutor bishop
Geraldo Claudio Luiz Micheletto Pellanda, C.P. (1960-1965)

Auxiliary bishops
Getúlio Teixeira Guimarães, S.V.D. (1980-1984), appointed Bishop of Cornélio Procópio, Parana
José Alves da Costa, D.C. (1986-1991), appointed	Bishop of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul

Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
Francisco Carlos Bach, appointed Bishop of Toledo, Parana in 2005
Mário Spaki, appointed Bishop of Paranavaí, Parana in 2018

Cities
The Diocese of Ponta Grossa is composed of 13 cities: Carambeí, Castro, Imbituva, Ipiranga, Ponta Grossa, Telêmaco Borba, Ortigueira, Reserva, Tibagi, Ivaí, Piraí do Sul, Teixeira Soares, Fernandes Pinheiro, Ventania, Irati, Guamiranga, and Imbaú.

References

 Wikipedia: Diocese de Ponta Grossa
GCatholic.org
 Diocese Website

Roman Catholic Diocese
Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil
Ponta Grossa, Roman Catholic Diocese of
Roman Catholic Diocese
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Roman Catholic Diocese


Eddie Fyers is a fictional character, appearing in various comic book series published by DC Comics.

Edward Fyers appears in the first and eighth seasons of Arrow, portrayed by Sebastian Dunn.

Publication history
Created by Mike Grell, he first appeared in Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters #3 in 1987.

Fictional character biography
Edward "Eddie" Fyers, was employed by the CIA to shoot and kill the rogue archer Shado.

He appeared frequently in Grell's run on the Green Arrow ongoing series, occasionally in the summer bi-weekly Green Arrow arcs with Shado. Over the course of his appearances, Fyers became less of an enemy to Oliver Queen, aka Green Arrow, and the two often became begrudging allies. Fyers was untrustworthy, however, and would generally leave Green Arrow holding the bag, including implicating Oliver in a terrorist attack on the Panama Canal. After Mike Grell left the Green Arrow series at issue #80, Chuck Dixon and Jim Aparo further developed the character.

He grew to be a father figure to Connor Hawke, Oliver's son and the second to bear the name Green Arrow. Their relationship grew after Oliver died in a plane explosion near Metropolis while fighting off eco-terrorists.

Eddie had promised Oliver to look after his son if anything were to happen to him, which he did, even after Oliver returned from the dead in the Quiver storyline. Fyers was seriously injured in the mini-series Connor Hawke: Dragons Blood, written by Dixon in 2006. He had severe burns all over his body, which he had gotten by protecting Connor and Shado. He was last seen at the wedding of Green Arrow and Black Canary.

Eddie Fyers re-appears in Green Arrow comics following DC Rebirth. Here, Fyers is a mercenary and member of the Ninth Circle, an international criminal organization and bank alongside such assassins like Brick, Shado and Cheshire.

In other media

Edward Fyers appears in Arrow, portrayed by Sebastian Dunn. This version is the field commander of a mercenary unit based on Lian Yu. Throughout flashbacks depicted in the first season, he is secretly hired by Amanda Waller to kill China White. In pursuit of this, he attempts to destroy China's economy and kidnaps Shado to frame her father Yao Fei. After killing him, Shado, Oliver Queen, and Slade Wilson foil Fyers' plan before Queen kills him. In the eighth season episode "Purgatory", Fyers and Yao Fei are revived by Lian Yu's supernatural energy until Lyla Michaels and William Clayton build a device to absorb the island's energy, causing the revived individuals to disappear.

References

Green Arrow characters
Fictional Central Intelligence Agency personnel
Fictional characters from Washington (state)
Fictional private investigators
Comics characters introduced in 1987
Characters created by Mike Grell


This is a list of notable industry trade groups in the United States.

National

Advertising, business, marketing

Ad 2
AMC Institute
American Advertising Federation
American Association of Advertising Agencies
American Independent Business Alliance
American Marketing Association
Association for Convention Operations Management
Association of Chamber of Commerce Executives
Association of National Advertisers
Center for Audit Quality
Commercial Real Estate Women
Community Associations Institute
Compete America
Council of American Survey Research Organizations
Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
Institute for Supply Management
International Council of Shopping Centers
International Intellectual Property Alliance
Marketing Research Association
Million Dollar Round Table
National Association of Real Estate Brokers
National Association of Realtors
Outdoor Advertising Association of America
Produce Marketing Association
Promotion Marketing Association
Public Relations Society of America
United States Chamber of Commerce

Agriculture

American Animal Hospital Association
American Christmas Tree Association
American Corn Growers Association
American Equestrian Trade Association
American Hereford Association
American Horse Council
Corn Refiners Association
CropLife International
Farm Foundation
Consumer Brands Association
Hemp Industries Association

Clothing, apparel, footwear, fashion

American Apparel & Footwear Association
Fashion Originators' Guild of America
Council of Fashion Designers of America

Construction

American Institute of Constructors
American Subcontractors Association
Associated Builders and Contractors
Associated General Contractors of America
IAPMO (International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials)
Independent Electrical Contractors
Mason Contractors Association of America
Metal Construction Association
National Association of Construction Auditors
National Association of Home Builders
National Roofing Contractors Association
Pipe Line Contractors Association

Energy

Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute
Alliance to Save Energy
American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity
American Council on Renewable Energy
American Gas Association
American Petroleum Institute
American Public Gas Association
American Public Power Association
American Wind Energy Association
Atomic Industrial Forum
Edison Electric Institute
Geothermal Energy Association
International Renewable Energy Alliance
National Hydropower Association
National Rural Electric Cooperative Association
Nuclear Energy Institute
Pellet Fuels Institute
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
Solar Energy Industries Association
United States Energy Association

Entertainment and leisure

American Amusement Machine Association
American Pyrotechnics Association
American Society of Travel Agents
Archery Trade Association
Asian American Hotel Owners Association
The Broadway League
Entertainment Software Association
Fantasy Sports Trade Association
Game Manufacturers Association
Golf Course Superintendents Association of America
Hotel Technology Next Generation
International Art Materials Trade Association
International Association of Travel Agents Network
International Festivals and Events Association
International Inbound Travel Association
Professional Lighting and Sound Association
Recreational Software Advisory Council

Financial, insurance

ACA International
American Bankers Association
American Council of Life Insurers
American Credit Union Mortgage Association
American Financial Services Association
America's Health Insurance Plans
American Investment Council
Bank Policy Institute
Consumer Bankers Association
Credit Union National Association
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Financial Services Forum
Financial Services Roundtable
Futures Industry Association
Independent Community Bankers of America
Institute of International Finance
International Securities Lending Association
Managed Funds Association
Mortgage Bankers Association
Organization for International Investment
Regional Bond Dealers Association
Risk and Insurance Management Society
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association
SWACHA (Southwestern Automated Clearing House Association)

Food

American Beverage Association
American Beverage Institute
American Frozen Food Institute
American Meat Institute
American Mushroom Institute
American Pie Council
Beer Institute
Bread Bakers Guild of America
Brewers Association
Council for Responsible Nutrition
Distilled Spirits Council of the United States
Food Products Association
International Association of Operative Millers
International Bottled Water Association
International Dairy-Deli-Bakery Association
International Foodservice Distributors Association
Juice Products Association
Retailer Owned Food Distributors & Associates
Specialty Coffee Association of America
Specialty Wine Retailers Association
U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
United States Brewers' Association
Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America

Higher education

American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
American Association of Community Colleges
American Association of State Colleges and Universities
American Association of University Professors
American Association of University Women
American College Health Association
American Council on Education
American Dental Education Association
Association of American Colleges and Universities
Association of American Law Schools
Association of American Medical Colleges
Association of American Universities
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Association of Community College Trustees
Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges
Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities
Association of Public and Land-grant Universities
Career Education Colleges and Universities
Council for Christian Colleges and Universities
Council of Independent Colleges
National Association for College Admission Counseling
National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities
National Collegiate Athletic Association
United Negro College Fund

Industry

The Aluminum Association
American Bar Association
American Bearing Manufacturers Association
American Chemistry Council
American Cleaning Institute
American Composites Manufacturers Association
American Forest & Paper Association
American Gear Manufacturers Association
American Hardware Manufacturers Association
American Home Furnishings Alliance
American Iron and Steel Institute
American National Standards Institute
American Plastics Council
American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute
American Water Works Association
American Welding Society
ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)
Associated Equipment Distributors
Associated Locksmiths of America
Association for Manufacturing Technology
Association for Materials Protection and Performance
Battery Council International
Bearing Specialists Association
Can Manufacturers Institute
Closure & Container Manufacturers Association
Compressed Air and Gas Institute
Cordage Institute
Crane Manufacturers Association of America
Energy and Minerals Business Council
Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
Glass Packaging Institute
Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association
Household & Commercial Products Association
Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries
International Association of Elevator Consultants
International Association of Plastics Distributors
International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses
International Card Manufacturers Association
International Council on Mining and Metals
International Electrical Testing Association
International Housewares Association
International Imaging Industry Association
Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association
Legal Marketing Association
Metal Building Manufacturers Association
Mineral Information Institute
National Cotton Council of America
National Defense Industrial Association
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Retail Federation
Plumbing Manufacturers International
Precision Machined Products Association
Professional Electrical Apparatus Recyclers League
Professional Photographers of America
Resilient Floor Covering Institute
Retail Industry Leaders Association
Security Industry Association
Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates
TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)

IT, communications and electronics

American Council for Technology and Industry Advisory Council
Chamber of Progress
Computer & Communications Industry Association
CompTIA (Computing Technology Industry Association)
Consumer Technology Association
CTIA (– The Wireless Association)
Electronic Industries Alliance
Federation of Internet Solution Providers of the Americas
Information Technology Industry Council
International Informix Users Group
International Interactive Communications Society
Fiber Optic Sensing Association
International Webmasters Association
JEDEC Solid State Technology Association
 National Wireless Independent Dealer Association
Open Mashup Alliance
Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association
SD Association
Society for Information Management
Storage Networking Industry Association
TechAmerica
Trusted Computing Group
United States Telecom Association

Media

Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers
American Association of Independent Music
American Booksellers Association
American Publishers Association
American Society of Magazine Editors
Association for International Broadcasting
Association of American Publishers
Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers
Book Industry Study Group
Community Broadcasters Association
Evangelical Press Association
Free Speech Coalition
IABM (International Association for Broadcast & Media Technology Suppliers)
Independent Book Publishers Association
Independent Film & Television Alliance
Inland Press Association
International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers
Motion Picture Association of America
MPA – the Association of Magazine Media
National Association of Broadcasters
Print Services & Distribution Association
Printing Industries of America
Producers Guild of America
Recording Industry Association of America
Screen Actors Guild

Medicine, medical devices, pharmaceuticals and environment

AABB (American Association of Blood Banks)
AdvaMed
Ambulatory Surgery Center Association
American Ambulance Association
American Herbal Products Association
American Hospital Association
American Medical Association
American Pet Products Association
American Pharmacists Association
Bio Process Systems Alliance
Biotechnology Innovation Organization
Care Continuum Alliance
Catholic Health Association of the United States
Congress of Chiropractic State Associations
Federation of American Hospitals
International Solid Waste Association
National Association for Home Care & Hospice
National Association for the Support of Long Term Care
National Committee for Quality Assurance
Pharmaceutical care management association
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
The Vision Council

Tobacco, alcohol, law, politics, gambling and firearms

American Association of Political Consultants
American Association of Professional Landmen
American Bar Association
American Land Title Association
Council on State Taxation
International Stability Operations Association
National Shooting Sports Foundation
Tobacco Institute
National Defense Industrial Association
National Rifle Association of America

Transport and logistics

Aerospace Industries Association
Airports Council International
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
American Association of Port Authorities
American Bus Association
American Moving & Storage Association
American Public Transportation Association
American Railway Association
American Road and Transportation Builders Association
American Trucking Associations
American Waterways Operators
Association of American Railroads
AutoCare Association
Automobile Manufacturers Association
Automotive Industry Action Group
Commercial Spaceflight Federation
Driving Schools Association of the Americas
Modification and Replacement Parts Association
Motorcycle Industry Council
National Automobile Dealers Association
National Motor Freight Traffic Association
Personal Watercraft Industry Association
Railway Tie Association
SEMA (Specialty Equipment Market Association)

State and local

Media

Alabama Broadcasters Association
California Newspaper Publishers Association
Georgia Association of Broadcasters
Kansas Association of Broadcasters
Massachusetts Broadcasters Association
Michigan Association of Broadcasters
Minnesota Public Television Association
Pennsylvania Association of Broadcasters
Pennsylvania NewsMedia Association

Other

Austin Independent Business Alliance
California Avocado Commission
California Building Industry Association
Georgia Hospital Association
Independent Petroleum Association of Mountain States
International Business Council of Florida
Massachusetts Bar Association
Ohio Credit Union System
Pacific Maritime Association
Southern United States Trade Association
Tavern League of Wisconsin
Tech Council of Maryland
Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association
Western States Petroleum Association
Wyoming Stock Growers Association

References

United States
United States


The pool stage of the 2004–05 Heineken Cup.

Pool 1

Pool 2

Pool 3

Pool 4

Pool 5

Pool 6

Seeding and runners-up

See also

2004-05 Heineken Cup

External links

Pool Stage
Heineken Cup pool stages


Multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) is historically the most common approach to solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography studies of proteins. For protein crystals this method is conducted by soaking the crystal of a sample to be analyzed with a heavy atom solution or co-crystallization with the heavy atom. The addition of the heavy atom (or ion) to the structure should not affect the crystal formation or unit cell dimensions in comparison to its native form, hence, they should be isomorphic.

Data sets from the native and heavy-atom derivative of the sample are first collected. Then the interpretation of the Patterson difference map reveals the heavy atom's location in the unit cell. This allows both the amplitude and the phase of the heavy-atom contribution to be determined. Since the structure factor of the heavy atom derivative (Fph) of the crystal is the vector sum of the lone heavy atom (Fh) and the native crystal (Fp) then the phase of the native Fp and Fph vectors can be solved geometrically.

At least two isomorphous derivatives must be evaluated since using only one will give two possible phases.

Development

Single Isomorphous Replacement (SIR)
Early demonstrations of isomorphous replacement in crystallography come from James M. Cork, John Monteath Robertson, and others. An early demonstration of isomorphous replacement in crystallography came in 1927 with a paper reporting the x-ray crystal structures of a series of alum compounds from Cork. The alum compounds studied had the general formula A.B.(SO4)2.12H2O, where A was a monovalent metallic ion (NH4+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, or Tl+), B was a trivalent metallic ion (Al3+, Cr3+, or Fe3+) and S was usually sulfur, but could also be selenium or tellurium.  Because the alum crystals were largely isomorphous when the heavy atoms were changed out, they could be phased by isomorphous replacement.  Fourier analysis was used to find the heavy atom positions.

The first demonstration of isomorphous replacement in protein crystallography was in 1954 with a paper from David W. Green, Vernon Ingram, and Max Perutz.

Multiple Isomorphous Replacement (MIR)

Examples
Some examples of heavy atoms used in protein MIR:
Hg2+ ions bind to thiol groups.
Uranyl salts (UO2 + NO3) bind between carboxyl groups in Asp and Glu
Lead binds to Cys residues.
PtCl42− (ion) bind to His

See also

Anomalous dispersion
 Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD)
 Single wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD)

Other
Patterson map

References

Further reading

External links
MAD phasing — an in depth tutorial with examples, illustrations, and references.

Computer programs
The SSRL Absorption Package —
CHOOCH —
Shake-and-Bake (SnB) —
SHELX —

Tutorials and examples

X-ray crystallography


Agen-d'Aveyron is a commune in the Aveyron department situated in the Occitanie region in southern France.

It is located 10 km east of Rodez, 15 km west of Laissac and 50 km northwest of Millau.

Agen-d'Aveyron is in the ancient province of Rouergue and is the site of a prehistoric dolmen.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

Communes of Aveyron


Aguessac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Nagassols or Nagassoles

Geography
Aguessac is just south of the Massif Central and is located some 4 km north of Millau and 20 km south of Severac-le-Chateau. It can be accessed by the D29 road branching off the D911 in the west and continuing into the commune and south to the village. There is also the D809 coming from Millau in the south passing through the village and continuing north to join the A75 autoroute. The D907 goes north-east from the village to Riviere-sur-Tarn and the D167 goes west by a tortuous mountain route to Saint-Germain. The famous Millau Viaduct (Viaduc de la Garrigue) is on the A75 autoroute immediately to the west of the commune. The commune is mixed forest and high country farmland.

There are many streams flowing through the commune: the Ruisseau de Malbose forms the northern border of the commune, the Lumansonesque forms the eastern border flowing into the Tarn which forms the southern part of the eastern border. The Lumansonesque is fed by the Barbade with its numerous tributaries which forms part of the western border before flowing across the commune and joining the Lumansonesque.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration
List of Successive Mayors of Aguessac

Mayors from 1926

Population

Distribution of Age Groups
The  population of the commune of Aguessac is younger than average for the department of Aveyron.

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aguessac and Aveyron Department in 2017

Source: INSEE

Economy
The economy of the commune is agricultural and characterized by traditional agriculture based on farming for the production of calves and lambs for fattening. There are twelve farms in this commune.

Sites and monuments
The Chateau of Cabrières

Notable people linked to the commune
Emma Calvé (1858-1942) at the height of her fame bought the Chateau of Cabrières in 1884 before selling it to a manufacturer of gloves a few years later.

See also
Cantons of the Aveyron department

References

External links
Aguessac official website
Aguessac on the old National Geographic Institute website
Aguessac on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aguesac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Les Albres () is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Albrégeois or Albrégeoises

Geography
Les Albres is located some 15 km south-east of Figeac and 5 km west of Decazeville. It can be accessed on the D994 road from Asprières in the west, passing through the village and continuing south-east to Montbazens. There is also the D144 small and winding road from Bouillac in the north and the D22 road branching from the D5 in the east and coming to the village via a tortuous route. The commune is mostly farmland with about 30% of the area forested. There are several hamlets other than the village. These are:
Bor
Brayes
Gabriac
La Bastidie
La Revelie
Les Hens
Les Parras
Malaret

Numerous streams rise in the commune and mostly flow south-east. The Ruisseau de l'Estang forms the western border of the commune but most of the other streams are unnamed. There are a number of small lakes and ponds scattered through the commune

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
The commune existed in 1793 but in 1834 joined the commune of Asprières together with Vernet-le-Haut. In 1877 however it was separated again. In 1974 it joined the commune of Viviez but again in 1978 it separated. In 2017, the commune had 346 inhabitants.

Notable people linked to the commune
Father Augustin Brassac was born in Brayes hamlet in Les Albres commune in 1873 and was ordained a priest in 1896. Described later in the new edition of the Biblical Handbook by Father Vigouroux, Father Brassac was deemed by Rome to be too "modernist". All his writings were blacklisted in 1923. Barred from teaching, he was appointed curate at Saint-Supice and he died in 1941. He was partly rehabilitated in 1943 by the encyclical Divino afflante which authorized the historical-critical method in Catholic theology.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Jacques Dournes, Capdenac, Los Aures, Asprièras, Balaguièr, Bolhac, Causse-e-Diège, Foissac, Naussac, Salas, Sonnac / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Capdenac, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1996, A1 canton collection, 240 pages, ill., cov. ill. 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 36688708h

External links
Les Albres on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
les Arbres on the 1750 Cassini Map

References

Communes of Aveyron


Almont-les-Junies (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Junhalmontois or Junhalmontoises

Geography
Almont-les-Junies is located some 20 km east of Figeac and 40 km north-east of Rodez. The commune can be accessed by road D508 which runs east from Flagnac through the commune and changes to road D606 before exiting east and forming the south-eastern border as it runs south-east to Noailhac.  The D183 road also runs through the south of the commune running west to east. The village can be reached by a number of country roads which cover most of the commune. The most direct perhaps is the Graville-et-Courbies road which runs south from the D508.

The commune contains both large areas of farmland as well as mountain slopes with forests.

There are many streams in the commune - the southern border is marked by the Rousseau de Limou which flows into the Lot river just west of the commune. The Lot river itself also forms the northern border of the commune and all of the many streams flow into this river.

There are a number of hamlets and villages in the commune. These are:
Aumont
Ginouilhac
La Mole Haute
La Plane
Laval
Le Fau
Les Clementies
L'Hom
Mazac
Sainte Catherine

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
On 1 April 1993, the town of Almon-les-Junies was renamed Almont-les-Junies with a "t" to be closer to the Latin root of Almontis. Road signs in the area remained unchanged for some years.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Almont-les-Junies

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aveyron department

References

External links
Almont-les-Junies on the old IGN website
Almont-les-Junies on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aumont on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Alpuech (Languedocien: Alpuèg) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Argences-en-Aubrac.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Alpuechois or Alpuechoises

Geography
This commune lies below the south-central portion of the Massif Central on the plateau of the Viadène to the northwest of the plateau of Aubrac.

The commune is long and narrow oriented from north-west to south-east about 50 km south-west of Saint-Flour and 50 km north-west of Marvejols.  Access to the commune is by road D921 which crosses the central waist of the commune from Laguiole in the south-west to Lacalm in the north east.  The D34 road starts from this road on the eastern border of the commune and passes through to the north-west, through the village and continues west to La Terrisse.  There are a number of country roads in the commune but no other villages or hamlets.

The Argence Vive stream forms the western border of the commune and flows westward to join the river Truyère. Its tributary Argence Morte also rises in the commune and flows north where it forms part of the northern border before continuing westwards to the Argence Vive. Apart from the Ruisseau de Fluols in the south-western border these are the only significant waterways in the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
Alpuech existed in 976 and from the fourteenth century fairs that took place there were famous in the country.

The Castle of Alpuech as well as that of Cantoin, the Barony of Benaven, and Lacalm castle all belonged to the County of Rodez. This gave the benefit to Alpuech of the monastery of Pebrac (Haute Loire) in 1215. The castle was destroyed in 1550. The oldest houses surround the church which is from the 11th century in the Roman style with a Latin cross. In good weather the bell tower has views over the Cantal Mountains. There are traces of Roman roads and also paths from the 16th century on the road to Vitrac and a remarkable "tau cross" from the 12th century north of the village.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors of Alpuech

Mayors from 1935

Population

Sites and monuments
The Church of Saint Martin (11th century) is registered as an historical monument

Notable people linked to the Commune
J.P. Bouyssou, known as the 'Thief of Alpuech' was an outlaw and Royalist who was a "Robin Hood" of the revolutionary era: he took from the rich to give to the poor.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

External links
Canton of Sainte Geneviève-sur-Argence tourism website
Alpuech on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Alpuech on the 1750 Cassini Map

Former communes of Aveyron
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Notable Chinese dictionaries, past and present, include:

See also
List of English dictionaries
List of French dictionaries
List of Japanese dictionaries
List of etymological dictionaries

External links
LIST OF CHINESE DICTIONARIES IN ALL LANGUAGES, 1967 United States Department of State Office of External Research

Lists of reference books


Ambeyrac (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Ambairacois or Ambairacoises

Geography
Ambeyrac is located some 15 km south-west of Figeac and 25 km north-west of Villefranche-de-Rouergue with its northern border being the border between the departments of Aveyron and Lot. It can be accessed by the D86 road from Balaguier-d'Olt in the north-east which passes through the village and continues south to La Capelle-Balaguier. The minor D127 road also goes west from the village to Saujac.

The northern border of the commune is formed entirely by the Lot river for which there are no crossing points in the commune. The Ruisseau de Flaucou flows from the south through the commune and the village to join the Lot.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Due to the death of Roland Théron, Émilie Cazajus was elected mayor in 2009.

Population

Sites and monuments

The Chateau of Camboulan (16th century) is registered as an historical monument.
A Tithe barn has been converted into a hall with two levels.

Church Interior

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel (preface by Raymond Audouard), Vilanòva: Ambairac, La Capèla, Montsalés, Òls, Sanch-Igèst, Santa-Crotz, Sent-Remèsi, Sauvanhac, Saujac / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Vilanòva, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, coll.  Al canton, 1995, ill., cov. ill. 28 cm, 247 p. (, , BnF FRBNF36688568)

References

External links
Ambeyrac on the National Geographic Institute website
Ambeyrac on the Community of communes of Villeneuvois, Diège et Lot website
Ambeyrac on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Ambayrac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Neighborhood Public Radio is an independent, artist-run radio project committed to providing an alternative media platform for artists, activists, musicians, and community members. The group was founded in 2005, is based out of Oakland, California. It is currently run by Lee Montgomery, Jon Brumit, and Michael Trigilio, along with an ever-rotating list of ad hoc contributors.

"If it's in the neighborhood and it makes noise .. we hope to put it on the air."

Along with many self-initiated projects, NPR has collaborated on works with many non-profit arts spaces, museums, festivals, and fellow artist collaboratives such as:
 Southern Exposure
 Artists' Television Access
 21 Grand
 of Novi Sad
 Serbia
 Whitney Museum of American Art
 ZeroOne Festival
 Red 76
 Hasan Elahi

External links
 Neighborhood Public Radio's website

Arts organizations based in California
Public radio in the United States
Community radio in the United States
Mass media in Oakland, California
2005 establishments in California


Anglars-Saint-Félix (Languedocien: Anglars de Rinhac) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Anglélixois or Anglélixoises

Geography
Anglars-Saint-Félix is located some 20 km north-east of Villefranche-de-Rouergue and 30 km west by north-west of Rodez. It can be accessed by road D1 from Lanuéjouls to the village which then continues to the eastern border of the commune where it changes to the D994 and continues east to Rodez. There is also the D61 road from Prévinquières in the south to the village then continuing north to join the D994 west of Roussennac. The D156 also goes from the village to Privezac in the west. Apart from the village there are also the hamlets of:

Anglares
Aubignac
La Bezonie
La Bonnaurie
Le Bruel
La Carreyrie
Lespeliguie
Linrezie
La Remise
Revel
Saint-Felix
Segala
Le Tronc

The rest of the commune is entirely farmland.

The commune is traversed by the Alzou river through the centre from east to west. Many tributaries join the Alzou including the Ruisseau de la Besade from the north, the Ruisseau de Filloise and the Ruisseau de Carbonnieres from the south.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1929

Population

Sites and Monuments
The Church of Saint Clair has three items that are registered as historical objects:
A Baptismal font (17th century)
A Stoup (17th century)
A Cabinet for the baptismal font (17th century)

Cultural events and festivities
The village fair is held on the first Sunday of June.

For 23 years, as part of its votive festival, the village of Anglars has transformed into a living museum. 250 extras dress at this time for an afternoon to reenact life a century ago. There is also the revival of old crafts, scenes of life, typical characters in the life of a village, teams of oxen, horses, baking bread etc. To see this reconstruction viewers move through the village from scene to scene and at any time can become actors. Admission is free.

In 2013 about 7,000 people came to the festival with 5,000 on the Sunday. Each time of year had its activities: haymaking and threshing in summer; cider, chestnuts and corn in the autumn; in the evening: frittons and hemp work in winter, sheep shearing and Palm Sunday blessings in spring. Fifty skits depict these events and also old trades and essential works that are made every year. The musical program is varied throughout the weekend: traditional dancing and a concert with Brick a drac (Festive Occitan) on Friday, banda and dancing with the band Utopia (variety rock) on Saturday, and Escloupeto (folk group) accordion orchestra with David Firmin and a recital by Andre Roques (the author of "My Aveyron") with their singer on Sunday. All concerts are free including the show on Sunday.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

External links
Photos from the 18th Anglars Fair (2008)
Anglars-Saint-Félix on the National Geographic Institute website
Anglars-Saint-Félix on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Anglars and St. Felix de Rignac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Robert L. Clifford (December 17, 1924 – November 29, 2014) was an associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.

He was born in 1924 in Passaic, New Jersey, and attended Montclair Academy, graduating in the class of 1942. He received a Bachelor's degree from Lehigh University and an LL.B. from the Duke University School of Law in 1950. In 1973 he was appointed by Governor William T. Cahill to the Supreme Court of New Jersey, where he served until his retirement in December 1994. In 1989, he was convicted of drunk driving. He was counsel to the firm McElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney & Carpenter LLP in Morristown, New Jersey. He died in his sleep at his home in Chester Township, New Jersey, on November 29, 2014. He was 89.

References

1924 births
Justices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey
2014 deaths
Duke University School of Law alumni
Lehigh University alumni
Montclair Kimberley Academy alumni
New Jersey lawyers
People from Chester Township, New Jersey
Politicians from Passaic, New Jersey
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers


Arnac-sur-Dourdou (, literally Arnac on Dourdou; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arnacois or Arnacoises

Geography
Arnac-sur-Dourdou is a sparsely populated commune in the extreme southern corner of Aveyron some 50 km west by north-west of Saint-André-de-Sangonis and 8 km east by north-east of Murat-sur-Vèbre in the heart of the Lacaune mountains. The western border of the commune is also the border between the departments of Aveyron and Tarn while the southern border is the border between Aveyron and Hérault. Access to the commune is by the D92 road from Brusque in the north which is a tortuous mountain road going to the village and continuing west to change to the D162 at the commune border then south to join the D622 to Murat-sur-Vèbre. The D12 road from Brusque to the south forms the eastern border of the commune and road D174 connects the village to this road. The commune is mountainous and heavily forested.

The Dourdou de Camarès river flows through the commune and the village from east to west gathering numerous tributaries flowing from all corners of the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
Until the French Revolution the Parish of Arnac was part of the community of Brusque. Saint-Benoît-d'Arnac was then an annex of the Parish of Saint-Pierre-des-Cats (currently the commune of Mélagues). After the Revolution Arnac was part of the commune of Mélagues. It was in 1872 that the commune of Arnac-sur-Dourdou was founded. Today the village consists of many second homes which are often the properties of descendants of the past inhabitants of the village.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Population

Cultural Events and Festivals
Arnac Festival in traditional clothes

Sites and monuments
The Church of Saint-Benoît
The Bread oven at the Arnac Mill
The GR 71 passes through the commune

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, Lo Pont - Arnac, Brusca, Faiet, Gissac, Melagas, Montanhòl, Pèus-e-Cofolèus, Silvanés, Tauriac, preface by the General Counsel, Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Camarés, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 2000, Al canton collection, 320 pages, ill., cover ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BNF 37657611d (Occitan/French)

References

External links
Arnac-sur-Dourdou on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Arnac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


WCVY is a local student-run high school radio station in Coventry, Rhode Island that broadcasts on 91.5 FM. The station is owned by Coventry Public Schools of Rhode Island, and broadcasts from Coventry High School.  The station broadcasts a combination of adult album alternative (AAA) and modern rock music formats.

The station, which went on the air October 19, 1978, has been assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

From 2007 until 2009, WCVY shared time with Spanish-language religious station WRJI; that station left the air in November 2009 and did not return for over a year, and was thus deleted by the FCC in January 2011.  In June 2011, the FCC removed the provision in WCVY's license that only allowed it to operate from 2–10 p.m. on weekdays, as the deletion of WRJI rendered the time-share agreement between the two stations moot.    Beginning in July 2011 the station entered a leased-time arrangement with The Public's Radio to rebroadcast then-WNPE's 102.7FM (later WNPN 89.3FM) NPR news/talk programming at all times outside of local student programming; the latter typically being 2-8 p.m. weekdays, whenever school was in session.  In April 2021 the lease was not renewed, The Public's Radio simulcast ended, and WCVY was responsible for its own programming.

References

External links
 Official site
 WCVY on Facebook (official)

FCC construction permit

CVY
High school radio stations in the United States
Modern rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1978
Coventry, Rhode Island


Arques (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arcasois or Arcasoises

Geography
Arques is located some 16 km east by south-east of Rodez and 6 km south of Laissac. Access to the commune is by road D29 from Agen-d'Aveyron in the north-west passing through the commune and the village and continuing south-east to Ségur. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Le Mazet in the eastern arm of the commune and Moulin Fabre and Recoules south of the village. Except for two forests in the north the commune is entirely farmland.

The Ruisseau des Gardies rises in the north of the commune and flows south through the village joining the Viaur south of the village. The Ruisseau de Clauverhes rises in the north-east of the commune and flows south-east to join the Viaur south of the village. The Viaur river flows from the south-west through the southern part of the commune and forming part of the southern border before continuing west to the Barrage of Pont-de-Salars then continuing west to eventually join the Aveyron river at Saint-Martin-Laguépie.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy
The word Arques derives from the Latin arx meaning "fortress".

History
The lordship of Arques extended over the Palanges mountains and included the current commune of the same name plus two enclaves currently in the communes of Segur and Vézins-de-Lévézou. Arques is mentioned in a donation to the Abbey of Conques in 1079. It was later attached to the Abbey of La Chaise-Dieu. It was a dependency of the Lordship of Montrozier, under the Count of Rodez, then of the king.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1935

Population

Distribution of Age Groups
The table below compares the gender and age of the population with that of the department of Aveyron in the year 2017.

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Arques and Aveyron Department in 2017

Source: INSEE

Sites and Monuments

A Parish Church from the 16th century, a Bell-gable, and an altarpiece from the 17th century - gilded in the 18th century. A Bronze Bell (1755) is registered as a historical monument.
The Rives Viaur, a hilly site at the end of Lake Pont-de-Salars.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel (preface, Alain Pichon), Lo Pònt : Agenh, Arcas, Canet, Flavinh, Pradas, Tremolhas, Lo Vibal / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton del Pònt, Rodez, Departmental Mission for culture, coll.  "Al Canton", 1995, ill., cover ill.; 28 cm, 239 p. (, , Notice BnF No. FRBNF36688567g) (Occitan/French)

References

External links

Arques on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Argues on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Arvieu (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arvieunois or Arvieunoises.

Geography
Arvieu is located some 23 km south by south-east of Rodez and 7 km north of Alrance. Access to the commune is by the D56 road from Pont-de-Salars in the north-east passing through the commune and the village and continuing south to Durenque. The D82 branches off the D56 north of the village and goes north to Flavin. The D577 branches off the D56 in the south of the commune and goes west to Salmiech. The commune is entirely farmland except for some small patches of forest.

The eastern border of the commune is the Lac de Pareloup. The Céor river rises in the east of the commune and flows west through the village then south forming part of the western border before continuing west to join the Viaur at Saint-Just-sur-Viaur. The Ruisseau de Glauzeilles rises in the north of the commune flowing west then south-west, forming the north-eastern border of the commune, to join the Céor. The Ruisseau de Calieres rises in the east of the commune and flows north to join the Vioulou just north of the commune.

Places and hamlets

Les Auglanes
Aurifeuille
Beauregard
Bel-Air
Bellevue
Le Besset
Bois de Nouet
Bois Grand
Bonneviale
Le Bose
La Brauge
La Calmette
Caplongue
Cayras
Cayras Bas
Les Cazals
Clauzelles
Clauzellou
Les Combes
Le Coutal
La Croix de l'Ouradou
Dournets
Dours
Espinous
Espinouset
Fau du Dours
Les Faux
Font Bonne
Fouleties
Galinieres
Gilergues
Ginestous
Girman Bas
Girman Haut
La Graille
Grelac
Lalic
La Lumiere
Mas Roux
Le Mas Roussel
Le Mas Vayssettes
Montginoux
Montredon
Le Mouli
Le Moulin d'Aigles
Le Moulin de la Gineste
N.-D d'Aures
Pareloup
Le Pouget
La Pendarie
Pierrefiche
Pauhle Rouby
La Pendarie
La Plane
Le Puech
Puech d'Anglas
Puech Cabane
Le Puech de Clauzelles
Puech d'Espinous
Puech de Girman
Le Puech Granier
Puech de Grima
Puech Grimal
Le Rhan
Les Rials
Rochers du Diable
le Roucan
Rougeviale
Routaboul
Le Rueillou
Saint-Martin des Faux (partly in Arvieu and partly in Salles-Curan)
Serieux
Les Sottes
Tredos
Ventajou

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
There are traces of the Gallo-Romans
In the 16th century the village was besieged
In the 18th century the Vigouroux family of Rodez bought the Lordship
The Arvieu Affair: The village was attacked by a band of counter-revolutionaries from the former Army of Charrié who hid in the Palanges Forest. The house of Citizen Bonnefous, the leading citizen of the commune, was pillaged. Many people were accused of supporting the attackers who were from the de Barrau family of Carcenac-Salmiech.
The ramparts were destroyed in the 19th century.

Heraldry

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1941

Population

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
A Feudal Château Sainte-Famille (a former convent).
The Château of Saint-Louis (now the Town Hall).
The Château of Montfranc (Arvieu, private property).
A Pond, Mill, and Lavoir (Public laundry) at Arvieu.

Religious heritage

The Church of Notre-Dame d'Aures (12th centuries) is registered as an historical monument. The church contains a Statue of Saint Foy (15th century) which is registered as an historical object.
The Parish Church of Saint-Amans at Arvieu had a Painting: The Assumption of the Virgin (disappeared) (1850) which is registered as an historical object.
The Church of Saint-Saturnin or Saint-Sernin at Caplongue.
The Church of Saint-Martin at Faux.
The Chapel of Saint-André at Clauzelles.

Notable people linked to the commune
 Jean Dupin, (1936-), former senior Post Office official, wrote seven novels set in Lévézou, originally from Arvieu village.
 Joël Serin, former secretary in the Town Hall.
 Henri Grimal, born in Arvieu in 1910, academic and historian.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Bernard Destours, Cassanhas: Arviu, Auriac, Caumont, La Grand'Vila, Saumièg, Senta-Jaleda or Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Cassanhas, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1996, Al canton collection, 240 pages, ill., couv. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 366930046 /(Occitan)

References

External links
 Arvieu official website
 Arvieu tourism website
 Arvieu on the National Geographic Institute website
Arvieu on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Arvieu on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Asprières is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aspriérois or Aspriéroises.

Geography
Asprières is located some 10 km south-east of Figeac just east of Capdenac-Gare. Access to the commune is by the D40 road from Bouillac in the north-east passing south-west through the heart of the commune and the village and continuing south-west to Salles-Courbatiès. The D994 road from Capdenac-Gare passes down the western border of the commune then east to the village and onwards to Les Albres in the south-east. The tortuous D144 road from Bouillac to Les Albres passes through the neck of the commune in the north-east. A railway runs along the northern border of the commune going east from Capdenac-Gare but there is no station in the commune. The nearest station is in Bouillac. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Bor, Vernet le Haut, La Coustille, Labrol, Querbes, Paysan, and La Montjouvie - all in the north of the commune - and La Marmiesse east of the village. The commune is mixed forest and farmland with particularly large forests in the north and north-east.

The Lot river forms all of the northern border of the commune with the department of Lot on the other side of the river. The Lot flows from east to west eventually joining the Garonne north of Bordeaux. Several streams rise in the commune and flow north to join the Lot including the: Ruisseau de Prat Rigal, Ruisseau de Querbes, and the Ruisseau de Roucayrol. The Ruisseau de l'Estang forms the south-eastern border of the commune as it flows south-west to join the Ruisseau de Tournac which forms the southern border of the commune as it flows west.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History
In 1790 Asprières was the capital of a canton. In 1922 it lost its status as capital which was transferred to Capdenac-Gare.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 733 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments

In the Parish Church of Saint-Martial is an item registered as a historical object:
Painting and its frame: The last communion of Saint Jerome (1885)

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Jacques Dournes, Capdenac, Los Aures, Asprièras, Balaguièr, Bolhac, Causse-e-Diège, Foissac, Naussac, Salas, Sonnac / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Capdenac, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1996, Al canton collection, 240 pages, ill., cover ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 36688708h (Occitan)

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

References

External links
Asprières on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Asprieres on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Aubin (; Languedocien: Aubinh) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aubinois.

Geography
Aubin is located some 20 km south-east of Figeac and immediately south of Decazeville. Access to the commune is by road D 5 from Viviez in the north-west which passes through the centre of the commune and the town and continues south to Montbazens. The D221 goes from the town north to Decazeville. The D 11 goes east from the town to Cransac. The minor D 513 road branches off the D 5 on the north-western border of the commune and goes east through the north of the commune to Firmi. The Capdenac-Gare to Rodez railway line passes through the commune and there is a station at the town: Aubin station. Apart from the town there are the hamlets and villages of Severac, Ruffies, Cerons, La Croix du Broual, Combes, Tramons, Ruau, Les Escabrins, and Saugiere. The commune is mixed forest and farmland with significant sized urban areas.

The Riou Morte flows through the north-eastern corner of the commune as it flows north-west before turning west at Decazeville. The Enne river flows through the commune and the town from the east and continues north-west to join the Riou Morte at Viviez. The Ruisseau du Banel flows from the east north of the village and joins the Enne on the north-western border of the commune.

History

Classical Antiquity
Lucien Mazars, an author of numerous books on local history, wrote in Aubin; its history, from its origins to the Revolution of 1789: "tradition [says] that Aubin, which bore the name Albin until the end of the 18th century, was founded by the Roman General Declus Clodius Albinus or in his honour". However, General Albinus did not exercise the functions of a legate in Gaul but rather in Roman Britain. His control of Gaul was probably too short to be able to found a town.

Middle Ages
Fort Aubin initially served as a fortress and then was occupied during the Middle Ages by the Lords of Rouergue. The town became the center of important coal mines, and also had iron mines.

Contemporary era

The commune was the capital of the District of Aubin from 1790 to 1800.

In October 1869 soldiers fired on a demonstration of miners killing 14 and injuring 20. This was the second strike in the Second Empire after the one in June 1869 at La Ricamarie. Captain Bernard Gosseran who gave the order to fire on strikers was later made a chevalier of the Legion of Honour. This tragedy inspired the Ode à la Misère (Ode to Misery) and the Aubin poems to Victor Hugo.

Aubin railway station on the Capdenac-Gare to Rodez line opened in 1858.

Heraldry

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1939

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 3,761 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The commune has two buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
2 Factory Chimneys (1847)
The Jules Ferry du Gua School (1876). Designed by Emmanuel Brune and built between 1876 and 1880. It is 59 metres long and 12 metres wide built on a terrace overlooking the small houses which make up the suburb of Gua.
The Town Hall contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
A Statue: Maid of Honour at the Court of Francis I (1870)
A Painting with frame: Miners of the Saar (1950)
A Painting with frame: Unnamed abstract (1973)
A Painting with frame: Confidences (1950)

Other sites of interest
The Departmental House of Memory: Museum of resistance, deportation, and citizenship
The Museum of Mines

Religious heritage
The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:
The Church of Notre-Dame-des-Mines (1942). The Church also contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
A set of monumental paintings: Resurrection and Appearance of Christ, Ascension of Christ, Crowning of the Virgin (20th century)
A painting: Wayside Cross (1952)
A set of monumental paintings: Virgin and Child, Calvary and episodes of life of miners, Saint Famille (1951)
A set of monumental paintings and Wayside Cross: Cycle of the Passion of Christ, Episodes of life of miners (1951, 1952)
The Church of Saint-Blaise (1486). The Church also contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
A Statue: Virgin and Child (16th century)
A Group Sculpture: The Resurrection (15th century)
A Statue: Christ on the Cross (12th century)
A Group Sculpture: The Baptism of Christ (15th century)
A Baptismal font (13th century)
A Consecration Cross (12th century)
An Altar (12th century)
The Church of Gua (1865)

Facilities

Sports
The Étoile Sportive de Combes, a football club since 1921.

Notable people linked to the commune
François Cogné, sculptor.
Marie-Claire Bancquart, university professor, writer and poet, born in Aubin in 1932.
Serge Mesonès, French footballer, born in 1948, died in 2001 at Aubin.
Lilian Bathelot, novelist, author, born at Aubin in 1959.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Lucien Mazars, Aubin, its history from its origins to the Revolution of 1789, L. Mazars, Aubin, 1982, 119 pages, Cov. ill., ill., 22 cm,
Lucien Mazars, Mining Land, Aubin-Decazeville basin, Fil d'Ariane, Rodez, 1999, 285 pages, ill., cov. ill., 22 cm, , BnF 36978991r
Lucien Mazars and Francis Mazars, Mining Land in pictures, Decazeville-Aubin basin, Association des amis du Musée de la mine Lucien Mazars, Aubin, 2009, 265 pages, ill. in b&w and colour., cov. ill., 24 cm, , BnF 41491412h
Madeleine Raygade-Panassié, Memories of Combes, coal and fire country, Association des amis du Musée du Rouergue, Rodez, 1994, 99 pages, ill., cov. ill., 24 cm, BnF 366921465
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Pierre Beffre, Aubinh, Cransac, Firmin, Vivièrs / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton d'Aubinh, Al canton collection, Mission départementale de la culture, Rodez, 1998, 247 pages, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 36708370b
Michel Girval, Aubin, Le Gua, Combes in the time of old postcards, Amicale laïque et républicaine de la commune d'Aubin, Aubin, 1999, 200 pages, ill., cov. ill. in colour, 30 cm, , BnF 37038703v
Engineer Senez, Aubin - Geological Map of the coal basin of Aubin (Aveyron) made in 1840, Cartographic Manuscript Document, s.n., s.l., 1840, 1 flle: ms., 40x48 cm, BnF 407204575  See online
Marie-Line Montbroussous, History of a successful integration, the Spaniards in the Decazeville basin, Éd. du Rouergue, Rodez, 1995, 199 pages, ill., cov. ill.,  23 cm, , BnF 36685891f
Gérard Pertus and Michel Herranz, Basin of Decazeville, Aubin, Cransac, Firmi, Viviez, factories and metalworkers. Vol. 1, Association de sauvegarde du patrimoine industriel du Bassin de Decazeville, Decazeville, 2010, 238 pages, ill., cov. ill.,  31 cm, , BnF 42307098h
Gérard Pertus and Michel Herranz, Basin of Decazeville, Aubin, Cransac, Firmi, Viviez, factories and metalworkers. Vol. 2, Association de sauvegarde du patrimoine industriel du Bassin de Decazeville, Decazeville, 2012, 237 pages, ill., cov. ill., 31 cm, , BnF 43520392g
Gérard Pertus and Michel Herranz, Mines and miners, Decazeville basin: Aubin, Cransac, Firmi, Viviez, Association de sauvegarde du patrimoine industriel du Bassin de Decazeville, Decazeville, 2008, 211 pages, ill., cov. ill., 31 cm, , BnF 41420313w
Gérard Pertus and Michel Herranz, Mine Pits, Decazeville basin: Aubin, Cransac, Firmi, Viviez, Association de sauvegarde du patrimoine industriel du Bassin de Decazeville, Decazeville, 2007, 117 pages, ill., cov. ill., 31 cm , BnF 411843247
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface Pierre Beffre, Aubinh, Cransac, Firmin, Vivièrs / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton d'Aubinh, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1998, Al canton coll., 247 pages, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 36708370

External links
Aubin official website
 Church of Notre-Dame website
Aubin on the old IGN website
The Miner on the sculptor's website
Aubin on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Albin on the 1750 Cassini Map

Notes and references

Notes

References

Communes of Aveyron


Aurelle-Verlac (; Languedocien: Aurèla e Verlac) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Geniez-d'Olt-et-d'Aubrac.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aurellacois or Aurellacoises.

Geography
Aurelle-Verlac is located in the Massif Central in Aubrac some 60 km east of Decazeville and 70 km south-east of Aurillac with the eastern border of the commune being the border between Aveyron and Lozère departments. Access to the commune is by road D503 from Saint-Geniez-d'Olt in the south which goes north through the village and most of the length of the commune before going west to join the D219 west of the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Crespiac, Verelaguet, Les Mazes, La Frassinede, Naves d'Aubrac, La Molière, Moncan, Rieuzens, Bernie, Les Caps, and Les Ginestes. The commune is mainly deep valleys where boraldes flow down to the Lot. The highest point in the department is on the Signal de Mailhe-Biau in the north-east of the commune. It is located in a Natura 2000 zone and is rugged with forests and high country farming.

The Ruisseau de Mardonenque rises in the north and flows south down the centre of the commune gathering tributaries including the Ruisseau de Monette, the Ravin de Placaus, the Ravin des Rives, the Ravin de la Coste, the Ravin de la Ligue, and the Ruisseau de Rioubasset, which forms the south-eastern border, before continuing south to join the Lot near Saint-Geniez-d'Olt. The Ruisseau de Bonance also rises in the north of the commune and flows south towards the eastern side of the commune forming part of the eastern border before continuing south to join the Lot near Pomayrols. On the western side of the commune the Merdanson forms the western border of the commune as it flows south to join the Lot near Cabanac. The Ruisseau de Rioudis and the Ruisseau de Mandialou both rise in the commune and join the Merdanson on the western border.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Heraldry
{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason ville fr AurelleVerlac (Aveyron).png
|legend1=Arms of Aurelle-Verlac
|text=These arms are Canting arms with the gold referring to the commune name and the silver to silver mines.

Blazon:Azure, an escallop in Or between in chief two mullets the same and in base 5 Ermine spots in Argent arranged in fess.}}

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1919

Demography
In 2012 the commune had 164 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
The Fortified Farm of Aubignac

Religious heritage
The commune has two religious buildings that are registered as historical monuments:
The Church of Saint-Jacques de Verlac (11th century) is Romanesque and depended on the abbey of La Chaise-Dieu. It is located in the village centre surrounded by a small cemetery and built from local materials: schist for the walls,  basalt, tuff, and sandstone for the cut stones. Its plan consists of a single nave with pointed columns terminated by an apse in a cul-de-four design. Two chapels, built later, act as transepts. The church contains a Bronze Bell (16th century) which is registered as a historical object.
The Church of Saint-Pierre d'Aurelle (1384) is the smallest Romanesque church in France. It has a unique history. In 1382, on the pretext of the arrival of the English, the Marquis of Beaufort, Baron of Aurelle, destroyed the church. On being excommunicated, he was obliged by the bishop to rebuild the church in a year. The new church was rebuilt inside the village in 1384 with the old materials.
The Church of Saint-Martin-de-Montbon contains a Bronze Bell (1762) which is registered as a historical object.

Other religious structures of interest
The Rode Cross was erected by the lord of Peyre in 1377.
The Berque Cross is located at Les Mazes rising from the Vergnes Cross. It was built in 1531 and marked the boundary of the barony of Aurelle between the dom lands of Aubrac and those of the Marquis of Canilhac. On one of its faces it has an expressive though stylized virgin with child.

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, Sent-Ginièis, Aurela-Verlac, Pèira-Ficha, Pomairòls, Pradas, Senta-Aularia / Christian-Pierre Bedel and the inhabitants of the commune of Sent-Ginièis'', Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1991, Al canton collection, 230 pages, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 36653864f

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Notes

References

External links
Non-official Aurelle-Verlac website
Aurelle-Verlac on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Aurelle and Verlac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Former communes of Aveyron
Populated places disestablished in 2016


Mehrullah Lassi (born November 24, 1979, Karachi, Sindh) is a former Pakistani amateur boxer best known to win a gold medal at the 2002 Asian Games.

Career
Mehrullah Lassi joined the Karachi Port Trust boxing club in 1995.

He won a gold medal at Asian Games 2002 in the featherweight division.

Mehrullah Lassi qualified for the Athens Games by ending up in first place at the 1st AIBA Asian 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Guangzhou, PR China. In the final, he defeated China's Liu Yuan. At the Olympics, he tried his hands at a lower division, bantam category, but lost his first bout against superstar and two-time winner Guillermo Rigondeaux. After that, he reverted to fighting in featherweight division.

In 2005, he fought Olympic silver medalist Kim Song-Guk but the match ended up in a draw.

In the 2006 Commonwealth Games, he lost the final to Stephen Smith with final score being 10:20. In his career's last years he used to spar on GEO TV's live broadcast match "EK MUKA AUR" (ONE MORE PUNCH).

He and his fellow countryman Faisal Karim were banned for life for failing the cannabis drugs test during the South Asian Games in Sri Lanka.

References

External links
 Bio

1979 births
Living people
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Pakistan
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Olympic boxers for Pakistan
Boxers at the 2002 Asian Games
Recipients of the Pride of Performance
Pakistani male boxers
Doping cases in boxing
Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Featherweight boxers
21st-century Pakistani people
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games


Auriac-Lagast is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aurigastois or Aurigastoises.

Geography

Auriac-Lagast is located some 27 km south of Rodez and 35 km north by north-east of Carmaux. Access to the commune is by the D522 road from Cassagnes-Bégonhès in the north-west, which passes through the heart of the commune and the village and continues south-east to Durenque. The D25 passes inside the eastern border of the commune as it goes from Salmiech to Villefranche-de-Panat. Apart from the village, there are the hamlets of:

Belle Sagne,
Belvezet,
La Cailholie,
Castanies,
La Garde,
Ginestous,
La Malborie,
Moncan,
Saint-Leon,
Le Roube,
La Roque,
Randan,
Les Salettes,

The commune is almost entirely farmland with a few forests.

The Gladou river rises in the east of the commune and flows west, forming part of the western border as it then flows north to join the Céar south of Cassagnes-Bégonhès. The Hunargues and the Ruisseau des Gazelles also rise in the commune and flow west to join the Gladou in the commune. The Ruisseau du Lagast rises in the south-eastern corner of the commune and forms most of the eastern border as it flows north to join the Céor. The Ruisseau de Miège Sole crosses the eastern arm of the commune and forms part of the northern border of the arm before continuing north to join the Ruisseau du Lagast just north of the commune.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 229 inhabitants.

Distribution of Age Groups

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Auriac-Lagast and Aveyron Department in 2017

Source: INSEE

Sites and monuments

The Parish Church of Saint-Léonard of Auriac: its steeple was struck by lightning and restored.
Moncan (private area)
The Chateau of Randan (private property - owned by the family of Raymond Bonnefous)

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Bernard Destours, Cassanhas, Arviu, Auriac, Caumont, La Grand'Vila, Saumièg, Senta-Jaleda / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Cassanhas, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1996, Al canton collection, 240 pages, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 366930046

References

External links
Auriac-Lagast on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Auriac on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Walid Raad (Ra'ad) (Arabic: وليد رعد) (born 1967 in Chbanieh, Lebanon) is a contemporary media artist. The Atlas Group is a fictional collective, the work of which is produced by Walid Raad. He lives and works in New York, where he is currently a professor at the School of Art at the Cooper Union School of Art.

His works to date include film, photography, multimedia installations, and accompanying public performances. All, in one way or another, deal with the contemporary history of Lebanon with particular emphasis on the Lebanese Civil War of 1975–90. The work is also often concerned with the representation of traumatic events of collective historical dimensions; and the ways film, video, and photography function as documents of physical and psychological violence. He is also a member of the Arab Image Foundation.

Early life and education
Walid Raad was born in 1967 in Christian East Beirut to a Palestinian mother and a Lebanese father. Raad's dream was to become a photojournalist. It was his father who gave him his first camera and helped to create a home darkroom. Since his teen years Raad has been introduced to the photographic medium as well as European photography magazines such as Photo, Zoom, and Photo Reporter, where he saw the work of Eugène Atget, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Man Ray, Diane Arbus, and Helmut Newton.

Ra'ad had to leave Beirut in 1983 and relocate to the United States. He received his BFA from the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1989, where he continued focused study of photography. In addition to that he also started taking classes in Middle Eastern studies. He comments: "I never got to learn anything about the history of the Arab world, or the history of Lebanon in a serious way. That training was in the United States."  He went on to complete his MA and Ph.D. in Cultural and Visual Studies at the University of Rochester in 1993 and 1996, respectively. He completed a dissertation based partly on writing by American and European hostages held in Lebanon in the 1980s during the country's civil wars. Working on the dissertation Raad had to encounter extensive work with archives and archival documents, as well as obtaining theoretical literacy, research and presentation skills to meet the demands of a PhD. Those skills Raad will employ throughout his artistic practice.

Work
Raad's video works include Talaeen a Junuub (Up to the South) (Salloum/Raad, 60 min., 1993), I Think It Would Be Better If I Could Weep (6 min.18sec., 2000) a collection of video shorts titled The Dead Weight of a Quarrel Hangs (Raad, 18 min., 1996–1999), and Hostage: The Bachar Tapes (Raad/Bachar), 18 min., 2000). Mixed-media projects include The Atlas Group: Documents from The Atlas Group Archive (1999 to the present), The Loudest Muttering Is Over: Documents from The Atlas Group Archive (2001 to the present), and My Neck Is Thinner Than A Hair (2004).ä

The artists is also a member of the Fondation Arabe pour l’image (FAI), founded in Beirut in 1996, which collects and exhibits photographic testimony from the Arab world. In this context Raad has co-curated with Akram Zaatari the exhibition titled Mapping Sitting: On portraiture and Photography, an investigation in Arab photography and its relationship to questions of identity.

In June 2009, "The Atlas Group (1989-2004)" exhibition opened at the Reina Sofia in Madrid. Undertaken by Raad, the project aimed to research and document the contemporary history of Lebanon, specifically the years between 1975 and 1991. The exhibition - consisting of installations, videos, and photographs - attempts to draw awareness to the various ways in which history is told, organized, and sometimes manipulated. From this perspective The Atlas Group archive's fictional character makes it a kind of counter-archive to the FAI.

Raad has collaborated with Chinese American artist David Diao, and their work was shown in fall 2012 at Paula Cooper Gallery.

The Atlas Group

In the late 1990s Raad created a fictional foundation called The Atlas Group in order to accommodate and contextualise his growing output of works documenting the Lebanese Civil Wars, generally dated 1975–1990. Within Atlas Group Raad produces artworks, addressing the infrastructural, societal, and psychic devastation wrought by the wars, which he then re-dates and attributes to an array of invented figures who in turn are said to have donated these works directly or by proxy to The Atlas Group archive. Regardless of original medium of the documents, Raad processes and outputs all of his work digitally consciously adding another layer of documentary intervention to his overarching fictional conceit. Raad openly states the fictional dimension of the collective simultaneously applying complex methodology and performative dimension of Atlas Group presentation to blur the line between fiction and reality:"In different places and at different times I have called the Atlas Group an imaginary foundation, a foundation I established in 1976, and a foundation established in 1976 by Maha Traboulsi. In Lebanon in 1999, I stated, "The Atlas Group is a nonprofit foundation established in Beirut in 1967." In New York in 2000 and in Beirut in 2002, I stated, "The Atlas Group is an imaginary foundation that I established in 1999." I say different things at different times and in different places according to personal, historical, cultural, and political considerations with regard to the geographical location and my personal and professional relation with the audience and how much they know about the political, economic, and cultural histories of Lebanon, the wars in Lebanon, the Middle East, and contemporary art. I also always mention in exhibitions and lectures that the Atlas Group documents are ones that I produced and that I attribute to various imaginary individuals. But even this direct statement fails, in many instances, to make evident for readers or an audience the imaginary nature of the Atlas Group and its documents."
Not the least important fact is the dual attribution of dates to all documents within archive: the first are attributions by The Atlas Group, while the second refer to Raad's production of the work. Artworks with only one date are not part of The Atlas Group's "official" archive. The Atlas Group is always presented by Raad through public lectures accompanying public display (film screenings, exhibitions displaying photography, audio, video and a variety of documents from the group's archives). Atlas Group and its digital archive are rooted in Raad's long-term investigation of historiography, archives and the effects of personal and collective trauma on memory and its articulation. Raad intentionally and explicitly employs fictional devices in approaching those themes. For example, a number of core documents from the Atlas Group Archive, several notebooks, series of photographs, and 8-mm films are attributed to the estate of the (fictional) Lebanese historian, Dr. Fadl Fakhouri. Within public presentations Raad, performing the representative of the Atlas Group, articulates the Lebanese Civil Wars as follows: "We do not consider "The Lebanese Civil War" to be a settled chronology of events, dates, personalities, massacres, invasions, but rather we also want to consider it as an abstraction constituted by various discourses, and, more importantly, by various modes of assimilating the data of the world."

More recently, certain sections of the archive have been the object of a number of installations in museum spaces.

Under the name of Atlas Group, Raad made a series of books published by Walther König: a sort of imaginary collection of Dr. Fakhouri's found notebooks reports on Lebanon's 15 year civil war. Atlas Group has been included in two Whitney Biennials in New York (2000 and 2002), Documenta 11in Kassel, Germany (2002) with  the following year his work was included in the Venice Biennale. Raad's first solo exhibition in the United States was held in 2006 at the Kitchen, New York whereas his first solo show in Middle East has happened only 2 years later, at the Galerie Sfeir-Semler in Beirut.

Gulf Labor
Raad is an organizer of Gulf Labor, a coalition of artists and activists organized to bring awareness to issues surrounding the living and working conditions on Abu Dhabi's Saadiyat Island. In May 2015, he was denied entry to Dubai on grounds of "security". In response, the international committee for Modern and contemporary art museums, CIMAM, issued a statement of support of Raad. Shortly after, leading curators from institutions in Asia and India as well as Europe and North America – including Glenn Lowry of the Museum of Modern Art, Nicholas Serota of Tate, and Doryun Chong of M+ – signed an open letter calling on institutions in the West that are working in the Persian Gulf region – the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and the Musée du Louvre, among others – to help lift the travel bans imposed on Raad and Ashok Sukumaran.

Exhibitions
Raad's works have been exhibited at Documenta 11 (Kassel), The Venice Biennale (Venice), The Whitney Biennial (New York), The Ayloul Festival (Beirut, Lebanon), Home Works (curated by Ashkal Alwan, Beirut, Lebanon) and numerous other festivals in Europe, the Middle East, and North America.

Collections
 QAGOMA Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane

Awards

In 2019, Raad won the Aachen Art Prize but the prize was rescinded after he refused to denounce the BDS movement which calls for a cultural boycott of Israel. In 2004-5, Raad was a Fellow of the Vera List Center for Art and Politics.

References

External links
The Atlas Group Archives
Scratching on Things I Could Disavow
Walid Raad in the Video Data Bank
Artfacts.Net: Walid Ra'ad
village voice > art > Walid Raad/the Atlas Group: Interrogation Nation; Art as a Detective Report by Jerry Saltz
Lecture hosted by Pavilion Magazine on the concept of the contemporary, which centres on the work of Walid Raad under the auspices of the fictional collective The Atlas Group: 'The Fiction of Contemporary: Speculative Collectivity and the Global Transnational', given by Professor Peter Osborne, Director of the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, based at Kingston University
Seminar at Birkbeck on the relation of contemporary art to 'cultural memory' that highlights - and takes its title from - the work of the fictional collective The Atlas Group: '"The Truth Will be Known When the Last Witness is Dead": History Not Memory’, by Professor Peter Osborne, Director of the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, based at Kingston University

1967 births
Living people
Lebanese emigrants to the United States
Video artists
Cooper Union faculty
Rochester Institute of Technology alumni
American artists
Lebanese contemporary artists


Auzits (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Auzitois or Auzitoises.

Geography
Auzits is located at the top of a hill with the church dominating the valley some 10 km south-east of Decazeville and 28 km north-west of Rodez. It is a large, green, and hilly commune ranging from the Plateau of Hymes to Ruhle le Haut with many vantage points especially from the highest point in the commune at Hautesserre where there is a 360 degree panorama. Access to the commune  can be by many routes: the D840 from Firmi in the north passes down the eastern side of the commune and continues south-east to Saint-Christophe-Vallon; the D87 branches from the D840 in the commune and goes south-west then north to the village then west to Montbazens; the D53 from Cransac in the north passes south through the west of the commune going to Bournazel; the D189 goes south from the village towards Goutrens; the D11 comes from Cransac through the village and continues to Saint-Cristophe-Vallon; and the D631 goes north from the village to join the D840 north of the commune. A railway line passes through the commune from north to south with the Auzits-Aussibal Halt near Aussibel. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Rulhe, Les Escabes, La Berthoumarie, Le Mas del Bosc, Aussibal, Hymes, Plateau d'Hymes, Le Coustal, and Reyrols. The commune is mixed forest and farmland.

The Riou Viou flows from the south through the village then turns west along the northern border and continues to join the Riou Mort at Viviers. The Riou Mort flows north through the east of the commune and continues north-west to join the Lot at Penchot.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History

Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages Auzits was an important step for pilgrims as it lies on the road to Saint Jacques de Compostela (the path from Conques to Villefranchois). Near the present village there was a small chapel called the Chapel of the  which welcomed the sick, tired, or dying. Under the responsibility of the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, the chapel adjoining the hospice is today still in good condition.

In 1358 the English invaded the commune and stayed for thirty years. In 1398, after the withdrawal of the British, the fortified Chateau of Auzits was abandoned. Its inhabitants did not wish for another Lord so collectively decided to build the new village church on the ruins of this castle. Perched on the rocky outcrop overlooking the valley on massive buttresses, the tower was converted into a bell tower. The stones of the second tower were reused for the central nave of the church, which is the present Church of Saint-Maurice.

Contemporary era
During the 19th and 20th centuries the commune experienced spectacular development by the coal industry. The many families who lived on coal-mining declined in number due to successive mine closures in Decazeville basin, leaving only remnants that are still visible on the Rulhe road.

Administration
List of Successive Mayors

Mayors from 1938

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 846 inhabitants.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage
Remains of a Castle. Long before the present church was built a castle dominated the valley. The castle consisted of two towers, buttresses, towering ramparts, a drawbridge, a moat, and a crypt.
Picturesque villages in Auzits and upper Rulhe.

Religious heritage

The commune has one religious building that is registered as an historical monument:
The Church of Saint Maurice (12th century). The church of Saint-Maurice is a curious building because of its architecture. The crypt is oriented east and is part of the old castle chapel. Long abandoned by their inhabitants, these places are now freely available for visits. Decorated with wall paintings dating from the 14th century, this crypt is one of the jewels of Middle Ages Aveyron. Inside the church the altar, made of wood, has sculptures of Saint Maurice. In the centre a painting shows Jacques de Mauleon Labastide, Knight of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. Many treasures are no longer present in the church as they were stolen in 2001. Notably a Virgin and Child, dating from the 16th century in polychrome wood and gilded with gold. The Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
A Reliquary-Monstrance (19th century)
A Statue: Virgin and child (15th century)
A Ciborium (18th century)
2 Cruets with plate (19th century)
A Statue: Virgin and child (15th century)
A Retable and Painting: Saint Maurice (1610)
A Processional Cross (17th century)
A Reliquary-Monstrance (19th century)

Other religious sites of interest
Church of Saint Étienne de Rulhe.
Chapel of Saint John of the Hospital.
Chapel of Hautesserre.
Cross of Hymes.

Notable people linked to the commune
Raoul Follereau, researcher and scientist.
Robert Girou, painter.
Roger Noyer, resistance fighter.
Marcial Pleinecassagne, resistance fighter killed for keeping silent in the face of the Germans in 1944.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, Rinhac: Anglars, Ausits, Bèl Castèl, Bornasèl, Gotrens, Las Candolièiras, Mairanh / Christian-Pierre Bedel and los estatjants del Rinhagués, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, coll. Al canton, 1991, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, 230 p. (, ISSN 1151-8375, BnF No. FRBNF36652250)

References

External links
Auzits official website
Pays Rignacois
Auzits on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Auzits on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron


Ayssènes (; ) is a commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Ayssenols or Ayssenoles.

Geography

Ayssènes is located some 25 km west of Millau and 7 km south-east of Alrance. Access to the commune is by the D510 road from Villefranche-de-Panat in the west which passes through the commune by a circuitous route to the village then continues south across the river to join the D200 on the opposite bank. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of:

Ardennes
Le Bastizou
Cabière
Calmels
Le Caussanal
La Caze
La Clerguie
Coupiaguet
Le Crouzet
Les Esclots
Lescure
Melet
Le Pouget
Rentières
Saint-Rémy
Vabrette
Valergues
Verdalle
Vernet

The commune is mainly forest with large areas of farmland.

The southern border of the commune is formed by the Tarn river which is dammed just south-west of the commune to form a long lake along the southern border. From the dam the Tarn continues south-west to eventually join the Garonne just west of Moissac. The Ruisseau de Vernobre rises in the north of the commune and flows south, gathering many tributaries, to join the Tarn. The Ruisseau de Coudols flows from the north-east, gathering some tributaries in the commune, and joins the Tarn at the same point as the Ruisseau de Vernobre.

Neighbouring communes and villages

History

Middle Ages
The village was built on a ridge overlooking the Tarn and was a direct link between the Lévézou Plateau and Raspes du Tarn. There was once a fortress on the peak of Roc Saint-Jean. It belonged to the Count of Rodez who maintained a garrison in order to maintain his influence over the southern Rouergue. Prestigious guests stayed at this location including the King of France, Charles VII, on 13 May 1437 while returning from Languedoc where he had been to restore order.

Modern Era
The castle was the subject of much covetousness during the wars of religion. In October 1586 the army of the Duke of Joyeuse, Anne de Joyeuse - brother of King Henry III, tried to besiege it. The Captain of the garrison made a ploy and the duke's army retreated towards the plateau of Saint-Victor which was where the garrison captain attacked the camp at night - taking fifty horses and capturing several soldiers. The fortress became dangerous for the kingdom and was destroyed in 1629 by order of Cardinal Richelieu. Today nothing remains but the location has one of the most beautiful views in the region.

Contemporary era
The commune consisted of four parishes in the second half of the 19th century with a population of around 1500. Today there are no more than 213 year-round residents.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 216 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments

The Old Ayssènes Cemetery (graves from the early 19th century).
The Roc Saint-Jean (The castle disappeared after Richelieu ordered its destruction)
The Roc du Cavalier
The Church of the Nativity of Mary (Ayssènes) (19th century)
The Church of Saint-Amans (at Coupiaguet) (19th century)
The Church of Saint Rémy (at Saint-Rémy) (19th century)
The Church of Saint-Blaise or of the Purification of Notre-Dame (at Vabrette) (19th century). The church contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
A Chasuble (18th century)
A Chasuble (18th century)
The House of Chestnuts'Notable people linked to the communeAntoine Salvanh (1479-1555). Architect specialising in religious buildings, builder of the bell tower on Rodez Cathedral between 1513 and 1526.Guillaume Molinier-Lamothe (1736-1794). Refractory priest jailed in 1793 in Rodez then deported to the Fort du Hâ at Bordeaux the following year where he died.Georges Connes (1890-1974). Senior lecturer at the University of Dijon, Doctor of Literature, Dean of the University of Dijon in 1946 and 1947, resistance fighter in 1943, Mayor of Dijon after the liberation of the city in September 1944.Pierre-Damien Hèbles (1864-1954). Priest for Ayssènes from 1903 to 1944, member of the literary society of Aveyron, historian for the Raspes du Tarn region. He wrote three manuscripts on local history after 40 years of research in the departmental archives and deeds.Gaston Boulouis (1908-1991) Priest, Professor of Literature at the Seminary Minor of Saint Pierre and at the Sainte Marie de Rodez Institution. Canon, historian and occitan scholar at the end of his life. He published several historical books on the region as well as an autobiography and a collection of Occitan proverbs.Alain Marc (born in 1957). Politician, Municipal councillor for Ayssènes from 2001 to 2004, he has been MP for Aveyron since 2007.

See also
Communes of the Aveyron department

Bibliography
Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Alain Marc, Sant-Roma, Aissenas, Broquièrs, Brossa, Las Còstas, L'Estrada, Sant-Victor, Lo Truèlh / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Sant-Roma'', Rodez, Departmental Mission for culture, 1995, Al canton collection, 239 pages, ill., cov. ill., 28 cm, , ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 366885722

References

External links
Canton of Saint-Rome de Tarn website
Ayssènes on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Ayßene on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Aveyron