Fonfría () is a municipality located in the Jiloca Comarca, province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 30 inhabitants.

Fonfría is located in the Sierra de Cucalón area, close to the sources of the Huerva River.

See also
Jiloca Comarca
List of municipalities in Teruel

References

Municipalities in the Province of Teruel


The men's 100 meter team running deer, double shots was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance for the event. In 1908 and 1912 running deer team event were only held for single shots. The competition was held on 27 July 1920. 20 shooters from four nations competed.

Swedish team member Oscar Swahn was 72 years 280 days old when he won silver in this event, setting a never-beaten record for the oldest Olympic medallist.

Results

The scores of the five shooters were summed to give a team score.

References

External links
 Official Report

Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics

100 meter running deer at the Olympics


John Shepard III (March 19, 1886May 11, 1950) was an American radio executive and merchant. Among his many achievements, he was one of the original board members of the National Association of Broadcasters, having been elected the group's first vice president in 1923. Shepard co-founded a New England radio network, known as the Yankee Network, along with his brother Robert, in 1929–1930. Shepard was also an early proponent of frequency modulation or FM broadcasting: he established the first FM network, when he linked his station in Massachusetts with one in New Hampshire in early 1941. He also was an early experimenter with home shopping, creating perhaps the first all-female radio station, WASN, in early 1927; the station broadcast some music, but mostly focused on shopping news and information about merchandise that listeners could purchase. Additionally, he created a local news network to serve New England, the Yankee News Service, and was instrumental in getting radio journalists the same credentials as print journalists.

Early life

John Shepard III was born in Boston on March 19, 1886; his father's name was John Jr. and his mother's name was Flora. John III also had a brother Robert, who was born in 1891. A third brother, Edward, was born in 1889, but he died suddenly at age twenty-one, in 1910. Along with his family, John III spent his early years in Providence before returning to greater Boston, where his family owned a home in Brookline. He graduated from Brookline High School. John Shepard and his brother Robert were born into a family of merchants. Their grandfather, John Shepard Senior and business partner Henry Norwell founded Shepard-Norwell, a Boston dry goods and retail store, in 1865. That business later expanded to include a store in Providence, and the two companies became known collectively as the Shepard Stores in 1911. John Shepard III's father, John Shepard Junior, assumed operations that year, when John Sr. retired. By that time, the Shepard Store in Boston had become one of Boston's most popular department stores. The large building, located at 30 Winter Street, occupied most of the city block created by Winter Street and Winter Place.

John Shepard III tried unsuccessfully to enroll at the U.S. Naval Academy, but was rejected due to poor eyesight. Rather than try to attend a different college, he chose to enter the retail trade of his father and grandfather. In 1912, John Shepard III married Mabel E. Fletcher of Providence, with whom he had three daughters. By 1917, John III had worked his way up to a department manager at the Shepard Stores, becoming the third generation to go into management there. Meanwhile, his brother, Robert, became the manager of the Shepard Store in Providence.

Early radio career

In 1920 and 1921, people were still building their own radio sets and only a few commercial stations were on the air. That changed in 1922, as radio developing into the latest craze and new stations proliferated. By this time, John Shepard III was the general manager of the Shepard Stores. Radio was becoming an essential part of daily life, and John Shepard III decided the Shepard Stores needed a radio department. It was installed on the fourth floor of the Boston store; personnel demonstrated radio equipment, sold ready-made sets, and let customers listen to music concerts from other stations. But Shepard wanted to do more than just sell radios; he wanted to have a station of his own. He applied for a license, and on July 31, 1922, the new radio station gave its first broadcast. For its first several months, it was only known as the "Shepard Radio Station"; it was not until mid-September that the call letters "WNAC" came into use. The Shepard station was typical of radio stations of the early 1920s: it featured a combination of music played by dance orchestras, performances by local vocalists, religious services, news headlines, and educational talks. In fact, WNAC was the first greater Boston radio station to broadcast a live church service, from the Cathedral Church of St. Paul. In addition, in 1924, Shepard contracted with Rabbi Harry Levi of Temple Israel in Boston to broadcast synagogue services, perhaps the first time in greater Boston that Jewish services were made available to a wider audience. Five years later, Shepard arranged to have regular Sunday broadcasts by Catholic priest Father Michael J. Ahern, a program that came to be known as the "Catholic Truth Period." WNAC also developed a program especially for housewives, the WNAC Women's Club. It became one of the station's most popular features.

During WNAC's first several years, John Shepard III was not only managing the Shepard Store and selling radio sets; by early 1923, he was taking an occasional turn as one of the announcers, using his initials, JS. Meanwhile, as radio continued to grow in popularity, the Shepard Stores had to expand their radio department, as well as expanding the number of hours the station broadcast. By the mid-1920s John Shepard III and his brother Robert, who managed the Providence Shepard Store and also operated station WEAN, began experimenting with linking their two stations by telephone land lines in order to share and exchange programming. As far back as January 1923, Shepard's WNAC had already done a brief experiment with WEAF in New York, in which the two stations were linked for five minutes, proving that such a linkage could be achieved. Then, on December 24, 1925, both WNAC and WEAN aired a program of Christmas carols, sung by several choirs. The two stations also relayed individual programs, with a Providence broadcast being sent to Boston, or vice versa. These experiments were well received by the audience, and by the late 1920s, they became a regular part of the broadcasting schedule, ultimately leading to the creation of the Yankee Network.

In May 1925, Shepard expanded further, acquiring a second Boston station, WNAB. In late January 1927, that station became WASN (Air Shopping News), an early experiment with home shopping by radio. The experiment was unsuccessful, however. By July 1927, the station had become known as WBIS. Meanwhile, by April 1926, John Shepard III began providing Boston's baseball fans with regular broadcasts of home games: Boston Traveler sportswriter Gus Rooney aired the play-by-play of a Boston Red Sox game, and subsequently announced a Boston Braves home game. Later that year, Rooney was replaced at the microphone by sportswriter Fred Hoey.

Later radio career
John Shepard III and his brother Robert founded the Yankee Network in a period of time from February 1929 to July 1930. Its purpose was to give New England a radio network that could offer local news, sports, and music. Its first affiliates, in addition to station WNAC in Boston and WEAN in Providence, were WNBH in New Bedford, WLBZ in Bangor, Maine, and WORC in Worcester. Also in the chain of stations was WLEX, then in Lexington, Massachusetts. Shepard ultimately purchased WLEX and moved it to Boston in 1931, under the call letters WAAB. Meanwhile, the Yankee Network continued to gain new affiliates, as WDRC in Hartford, Connecticut, soon joined, as did WICC in Bridgeport. Throughout the Yankee Network's thirty-seven year history, WNAC remained the flagship station. At the height of its popularity, the network had affiliates in Massachusetts (Fall River, Lowell–Lawrence, New Bedford, Springfield), Connecticut (Bridgeport, Hartford, Waterbury), Rhode Island (Providence), New Hampshire (Manchester), and Maine (Bangor, Portland).

In mid-1930, as a result of his success with broadcasting, Shepard moved his radio stations out of the Boston Shepard Store, and into larger and more modern studios at the Hotel Buckminster in what is today called Kenmore Square. The new facilities were also needed because of the growth of the Yankee Network; the Buckminster studios were more spacious, and thus more suitable for live broadcasts of radio dramas, or performances from big-band orchestras. In early 1934, Shepard also inaugurated the Yankee News Service, which used the slogan "News While It Is News", a reference to how radio could deliver the news more quickly than newspapers. Shepard hired a former newspaper reporter named Richard Grant as his news director, and then led the effort for radio reporters to be given press credentials the way print reporters were. Broadcasting magazine praised Shepard as an innovator who persuaded advertisers to support radio and successfully gained cooperation from wire services like the Associated Press, which has previously snubbed radio in favor of print.

In 1936, Shepard began a second network, which he called the Colonial Network. Its flagship station was WAAB. By now, Shepard's two networks had affiliated radio stations in every major city in New England. As one Boston Herald columnist observed, John Shepard III, who had gotten involved with radio as a hobby back in 1922, was now a dominant force in regional broadcasting.

Shepard's next accomplishment was his involvement with the then-new technology of frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting, pioneered by inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong. The Yankee Network's chief engineer, Paul DeMars, had heard a demonstration of Armstrong's innovation, and encouraged Shepard to invest in it. Shepard agreed, pledging to spend the money necessary to build an FM broadcasting station that would serve greater Boston. Shepard saw FM as the solution to a common complaint of AM radio listeners: the signal often faded out unexpected, or noise from atmospheric interference made programs unlistenable. Frequency modulation broadcasting promised programs with excellent reception, that would also be static-free. In mid-1939, Paul DeMars arranged a series of local demonstrations in Boston so that the press and the public could hear the benefits of Armstrong's invention. On July 24, 1939, Shepard's new FM station, W1XOJ went on the air. Its transmitter was in Paxton, Massachusetts, not far from Worcester, atop Asnebumskit Hill. According to the Boston Post, it cost John Shepard III a quarter of a million dollars to build the new radio station. Shepard understood that it might take a while for the public to be won over to FM, but by now, he believed in it, and was certain it was just a matter of time before FM became popular. As further proof of his faith in FM, Shepard invested in a second FM station, to be built in New Hampshire, with the transmitter atop Mount Washington. The new station, W1XER, went on the air in December 1940, and by January 1941, it was linked with Shepard's greater Boston FM, creating the first FM network.

Remainder of his life

In late December 1937, Bostonians were surprised to learn the Boston Shepard Store was closing, after being in business for seventy-two years. John Shepard Jr. explained that he was too old to run it, and noted that his son John III was mainly involved with his radio properties. The Providence Shepard store remained open, with Robert continuing to operate it. John III was in fact entirely focused on broadcasting: in addition to running the Yankee and Colonial Networks, he had become involved with a new national network, the Mutual Broadcasting System, and was on its board of directors. Then, in 1942, as a result of a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ruling about how many stations one owner could have in the same city, Shepard had to relocate WAAB, from Boston to Worcester, Massachusetts. This eventually resulted in the end of the Colonial Network; WNAC remained in Boston as the flagship of the Yankee Network, which continued on; some of the former Colonial affiliates joined the Yankee Network instead.

In March 1942, Shepard opened six new, state-of-the-art studios next door to the Buckminster Hotel; among the features of the new studios were facilities designed to be used exclusively for FM broadcasts. But then, in mid-December 1942, Shepard suddenly announced he had sold the Yankee Network to the General Tire and Rubber Company of Akron, Ohio; the move was surprising to most members of the broadcasting community. Under the agreement he negotiated, Shepard stayed on as president and general manager of the Yankee Network and its twenty-one affiliated stations for five years. Meanwhile, in 1948, John Shepard Jr. died in Palm Beach, Florida after a long illness, at age 91. By this time, John Shepard III was also in poor health. He retired from broadcasting in early 1949, and died in mid-June 1950 from heart disease; he was 64.

References

1886 births
1950 deaths
Mass media people from Brookline, Massachusetts
American radio executives


Kerrie Meares (born 4 September 1982, in Blackwater) is an Australian professional racing cyclist. She is the older sister of Olympic Champion Anna Meares.

In 2002 and after winning 2 x Commonwealth Games Gold Medals in Manchester, Meares was awarded the Queensland Sportswoman of the Year. Later that year, she was awarded the Peter Lacey award,  an award bestowed on Queensland Academy of Sport athletes who have achieved great international success as well as being an ambassador for their sport. Meares went on to win further medals at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in both the 500m Time Trial and Match Sprint in Melbourne, but retired before a third consecutive games in Delhi, India.

As a Junior athlete, Meares was extremely successful breaking numerous State and National records in Sprint discipline events. She was a contender for the 2004 Olympic team, but pulled out from competition due to nagging back injuries, suffered during numerous crashes that occurred during competitions earlier that year.

Meares retired from professional track cycling in 2007 and married former compatriot and sportswoman Emily Rosemond. Post retirement from cycling, Kerrie and her wife Emily started the Track Cycling Academy based in Brisbane and online.

Honours

2002 Australian Female Track Cyclist of the Year
2002 Queensland Sportswoman of the Year
2002 Peter Lacey Award
1999-2001 Multiplex Women's Sport Rising Star Scholarship Award
1997, 2000, 2001 Morning Bulletin / Frenchville Sports Club Junior Sports Star of the Year
2000 Australian Junior Women's Track Cyclist of the Year
1998 Coca-Cola Junior Sports Star of the Year

Career highlights

1999
2nd 500m TT, World Track Championships - Junior
3rd Scratch Race, Oceania Games, Sydney
2000
1st 500m TT, World Track Championships - Junior
2002
3rd 500m TT, World Track Championships, Copenhagen
2nd Sprint, World Track Championships, Copenhagen
1st Team Sprint, Sydney
1st 500m TT, Commonwealth Games, Manchester
1st Sprint, Commonwealth Games, Manchester
2003
2nd Keirin, Sydney
2004
1st 500m TT, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Keirin, Oceania Games, Melbourne
2005
2nd 500m TT, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
2nd Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
3rd Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
3rd Sprint, Oceania Games, Wanganui
2nd 500m TT, Oceania Games, Wanganui
1st Keirin, Oceania Games, Wanganui
2006
2nd 500m TT, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
2nd Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
1st Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide
3rd 500m TT, Commonwealth Games, Melbourne
3rd Sprint, Commonwealth Games, Melbourne
1st Team Sprint, Sydney
2nd 500m TT, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Sprint, Oceania Games, Melbourne
1st Keirin, Oceania Games, Melbourne
2007
1st Team Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
1st Sprint, Australian National Track Championships, Sydney
2nd Sprint, Oceania Cycling Championships, Invercargill
1st Team Sprint, Oceania Cycling Championships, Invercargill
2nd Team Sprint, Sydney
2008
3rd Team Sprint, Los Angeles
2009
1st Keirin, Australian National Track Championships, Adelaide

Personal life
Kerrie Meares grew up close to Rockhampton in a suburb called Gracemere. Kerrie and Olympic sister Anna Meares now have streets named after them.

Following retirement from cycling, via the Adelaide Advertiser Kerrie announced her marriage to Olympic speed-skater Emily Rosemond in 2015.

References

External links

LinkedIn profile

Kerrie Meares: The Next Chapter
Campbell caps off successful year with top QAS award (Queensland Academy of Sport)

1982 births
Living people
Australian Institute of Sport cyclists
Australian female cyclists
Australian track cyclists
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Cyclists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Cyclists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Sportswomen from Queensland
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Cyclists from Queensland
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
People from Blackwater, Queensland


Wolfblade is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the first in a trilogy titled the Wolfblade Trilogy.

First came The Demon Child Trilogy. Now the Chronicles are extended, in The Hythrun Chronicles. Wolfblade is a prequel, set perhaps thirty years before The Demon Child Trilogy, but written later—which explains the confusing alternate designation of the Wolfblade novel as a part of a six book "Hythrun Chronicles" including "The Demon Child Trilogy".

In Wolfblade the novel, Marla Wolfblade begins her rise, from naive sister of a decadent High Prince, to politically aware mother of the heir to the throne. As a noblewoman of Hythria, the young Marla is little more than a valuable womb for sale. She is sold to a neighbouring king then kidnapped—with her consent—by Hythrian "Royalists", determined that the father of the next ruler will be Hythrian. As Marla gains experience in the politics of the land, she also gains in understanding that her son is in constant danger, from those who would replace the heir to the throne with one of their own choosing.

As Marla loses some friends and supporters, she gains others. Her honesty and compassion—supported by the astute political advice of Elezaar, the dwarf slave—win her loyal friends. This includes Wrayan Lightfinger, self-proclaimed as the greatest thief in Hythria, also inheritor of the magical powers of the mysterious, pacifist and believed disappeared race of the Harshini.

Most of the action of this fantasy novel is political, supported by threats of battle, occasional sword fights and assassinations. There is strong magic, which plays only a minor role. Even the gods take a hand, dropping by for discussion and debate with the magic users. The gods generally use their influence, magic users keep a low profile, and the human nobility do all of the dirty work.

Characters
Marla Wolfblade – Princess of Hythria and lead protagonist.
Elezaar – Dwarf, Court'esa and Marla's closest advisor. He teaches Marla the infamous rules of gaining and wielding power.
Alija Eaglespike – Lead Antagonist, Innate of the Sorcerers Collective, Wife of the Warlord Barnardo Eaglespike.
Nashan Hawksword – Marla's Love interest, Son of the Warlord of one of the Hythrian provinces.
Kagan Palenovar – Head of the Sorcerer's Collective, and a powerful political entity in Hythria.
Wrayan Lightfinger – Apprentice to Kagan, and possessor of inexplicably strong magical power, which he must learn to channel.
Brak – Lord Brakandaran te Carn.
Laran Krakenshield – Warlord of Krakandar.
Lernen Wolfblade – High Prince and ruler of Hythria. Marla's sexually perverse older brother.
Damin Wolfblade – Marla and Laran Krakenshield's first child and heir to the Hythrun throne.
Hablet – King of Fardohnya.
Dacendaran – God of Thieves, appears in the form of an unkempt young boy with mismatched clothing.
Kalianah – Goddess of Love. Typically appears in the form of a young girl-child.
Zegarnald – God of War.
Geri Almodavar – Captain of Damin Wolfblade's Raiders.

References

2004 Australian novels
Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books
Dwarves in popular culture


Uwe Nettelbeck (7 August 1940 – 17 January 2007) was a German record producer, journalist and film critic. He was best known as the creator and producer of the German krautrock band Faust and changed the face of German rock music in the early 1970s. He was also one of Germany's leading film critics in the 1960s.

Nettelbeck was married to author, film producer and actress Petra Nettelbeck, and was the father of film director and screenwriter Sandra Nettelbeck.

Biography
Uwe Nettelbeck grew up in a middle class family at Lake Constance in south-west Germany. He attended lectures in German literature at the University of Göttingen but did not sit for a degree. At the age of 20, Nettelbeck began submitting reviews to , a monthly film magazine, and their quality led to him becoming chief film critic for . In 1962 he met author, film producer and actress, Petra Krause at the Oberhausen film festival; they later married and moved to Lüneburg Heath near Hamburg.

Controversy, however, soon began to dog Nettelbeck's career. In 1968, while on the Oberhausen festival jury, he praised a film his wife had produced, Of Particular Merit which starred a talking penis. The film was subsequently banned. Nettelbeck's left-wing inclination emerged a year later when he published an article in  about the trial of Red Army Faction leader Andreas Baader, which earned him a stern warning from the magazine's editor. Nettelbeck left  and became a left-wing journalist with connections to several left-wing factions in Germany. He became editor of the underground magazine, , which became the "revolutionary mouthpiece for the likes of Ulrike Meinhof".

Faust

In 1969 Nettelbeck was approached by a Polydor Germany A&R man with a request to put together an underground band that would tap into the then burgeoning "German rock" scene. Nettelbeck found two small rock groups, Nukleus and Campylognatus Citelli which he merged into one, and with funding from Polydor, converted an old school-house near the village of Wümme, between Hamburg and Bremen into a studio. Nettelbeck then started experimenting with the band to try to find "something new". In the end Nettelbeck produced two Faust albums for Polydor, Faust (1971) and Faust So Far (1972), and while they did not sell very well, both were applauded by music critics.

During the same period Nettelbeck also produced two albums for Anthony Moore on Polydor, which led to the formation, with Peter Blegvad and Dagmar Krause, of Slapp Happy. Faust played on Slapp Happy's first two albums, Sort Of (1972) and Casablanca Moon (1973), which Nettelbeck also produced for Polydor. Polydor rejected this version of Casablanca Moon, leading to its re-recording; it was not until 1980 that Recommended Records released the original version as Acnalbasac Noom (Casablanca Moon backwards).

Polydor was also not happy with Faust So Far and demanded more commercial music from the band. Unwilling to compromise, Nettelbeck signed Faust with a fledgling record company in London, Virgin Records. Part of the deal between Nettelbeck and Virgin was that he would give Virgin his tapes of the music Faust had been working on since So Far "for nothing" and that Virgin would release a record priced as low as possible. The result was The Faust Tapes (1973) which cost 49 pence (the price of a single), and sold 100,000 copies in a few weeks, putting the unknown band into the British album charts. The "success" of this album ("90% of the people that bought it hated it!") gave Nettelbeck access to Virgin's Manor Studio where Faust recorded Faust IV (1974), which sold moderately well, although not as well as Tapes. But back in Germany, their next effort, Faust 5 was abandoned and the band dispersed across Europe. (In 1979 Recommended Records rekindled interest in Faust by re-issuing the two Polydor albums, which led to the band reforming.)

Nettelbeck was the inspiration and creative force behind Faust in their early years. He designed their striking album covers, and convinced Polydor to release the group's first two albums on its distinguished classical label, Deutsche Grammophon. Describing Faust's success, Nettelbeck said in 1973: "The idea was not to copy anything going on in the Anglo-Saxon rock scene – and it worked..."

Later years
Between 1976 and 2006, Nettelbeck and his wife wrote and edited 124 editions of the review magazine, Die Republik. In 1992, "dismayed by the triumphalism and racism of post-unification Germany", they relocated to France and moved into an isolated farmhouse in the Gironde.

Uwe Nettelbeck died of cancer in Bordeaux on 17 January 2007.

Record production credits
This is a selection of albums Uwe Nettelbeck produced, the dates referring to the year they were produced.
Faust: Faust (1971)
Anthony Moore: Pieces From the Cloudland Ballroom (1971)
Anthony Moore: Secrets of the Blue Bag (1972)
Slapp Happy: Sort Of (1972)
Faust: Faust So Far (1972)
Slapp Happy: Acnalbasac Noom (1973)
Faust: The Faust Tapes (1973)
Faust: Faust IV (1973)
Faust with Tony Conrad: Outside the Dream Syndicate (1973)
Faust: Munich and Elsewhere (1986)
Tony Conrad: Outside the Dream Syndicate (30th Anniversary Edition) (2002)
Faust: Faust IV (UK Bonus CD) (2006)

References

External links
Faust Founder/Producer Uwe Nettelbeck Passes On. PitchFork Media.
Faust founder Uwe Nettelbeck dies. Brainwashed.
.
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1940 births
2007 deaths
German film critics
German expatriates in France
German male journalists
German newspaper journalists
German music critics
German record producers
Krautrock
Writers from Mannheim
German male writers
Die Zeit people
20th-century German journalists


Chris Demetriou born in Paphos, Cyprus, is a British songwriter, musician, and record producer. A cover of a song he co-wrote with John Kongos, "He's Gonna Step On You Again" (which later became "Step On" by the alternative dance band Happy Mondays), appears in Q magazine's top hundred singles of all time.

Music career
Demetriou began his professional music career in his teens, playing keyboards for the Johannesburg R&B group, John E Sharpe & the Squires. He appeared on the group's most successful singles, including covers of The Kinks' "Stop Your Sobbing" and Paul Simon's "I Am A Rock", as well as their Maybelline album.

Demetriou left South Africa for London with fellow musician John Kongos and the pair formed the psychedelic rock group, Floribunda Rose.  However, the band soon changed its name to Scrugg and recorded a number of singles on the Pye label, with producer John Schroder and new drummer, Henry Spinetti. Scrugg enjoyed limited success, with their double A-side "One Way Street" and "Linda Loves Linda" receiving significant airplay but failing to perform well in the charts. The songwriting partnership of Kongos/Demetriou proved to be more successful than the groups they were in – with two songs reaching the top five in the UK Singles Chart and another, sung by Bond girl Daliah Lavi, reaching number one in Germany and Switzerland. Some of their early work, including recordings by Floribunda Rose and Scrugg, were released on the compilation Lavender Popcorn in 2001. They also wrote the music for the British cult film A Promise of Bed directed by Derek Ford and starring John Bird, Victor Spinetti and Dennis Waterman.

Demetriou's most notable songwriting credit is for "He's Gonna Step on You Again", along with Kongos. The original version was released by Kongos and made it into the UK Singles Chart for 14 weeks – reaching No. 4 in May 1971. The song was notably covered by the Happy Mondays (retitled as "Step On") and this version was listed at number 77 in "The Top 100 Greatest Singles of All Time", published in the February 1999 edition of Q magazine. Demetriou again collaborated with Kongos on his follow-up single, "Great White Lady" but it did not enter the top twenty of the UK chart.

In 1970, Demetriou started to work with Tony Defries at Gem Productions and then with MainMan on David Bowie's material.

Demetriou changed direction in 1972 and became a full-time record producer. One of his first recordings was a single with the group Milkwood. After quitting the New Seekers, Laurie Heath, Chris Barrington and Sally Graham formed Milkwood and they released three singles for Warner Bros., two of which Demetriou produced. Barry Krost signed the young record producer to BKN Management and Demetriou started working with Mike d'Abo, formerly of Manfred Mann, producing Down at Rachael's Place and Little MissUnderstood. As a result of being signed to the same management company, Demetriou collaborated with Cat Stevens in the recording of the album Buddha and the Chocolate Box. During these early years, Demetriou produced ten albums and over a dozen singles, including five albums for A&M Records (see Discography).

By the mid-1970s, Demetriou had become an A&R manager / record producer for Decca Records, during which time he signed and recorded Robert Campbell, whose album Living in the Shadow was put forward by Decca for a Grammy Award nomination. Between the years 1984 and 1988, ACTS International (his South African record label, distributed by MFP), released three top five singles and one top twenty album — all of which were produced by Demetriou. In 2015, Demetriou ventured back into the music business and started a new record label, Red Letter Music.

Discography
Production credits
 "The Lady Wants More" / Hayden Wood (7" Single) NEMS 1969
 "House Beside the Mine" / Hayden Wood (7" Single) NEMS 1969
 Down At Rachel's Place / Mike d'Abo (12" LP) A&M Records 1972
 "About Your Love" / Milkwood (7" Single) Warner Bros 1972
 "I'm a Song (Sing Me)" / Milkwood (7" Single) Warner Bros June 1972
 Lookin' Through / Demick & Armstrong (12" LP) A&M Records 1972
 Travis / Travis (12" LP) A&M Records 1972
 Shine On Me / Paul Travis (12" LP) A&M Records 1973
 Buddha and the Chocolate Box / Cat Stevens (12" LP) Island Records 1974
 Return Of The Native / Paul Travis (12" LP) A&M Records 1975
 "Higher Than Heaven" / Buggati & Musker (Demo) Decca 1976
 Living In The Shadow / Robert Campbell (12" LP) Decca Records 1977
 Crawler / Crawler / (12" LP) CBS 1977
 Straight From The Hip / Liar (12" LP) Decca Records 1977
 "Looking Kinda Rock & Roll" / Darling (7" Single) Charisma 1978
 "Ain't No Water" / Linday Hayes (7" Single) Charisma 1978
 "I'll Be Your Rock & Roll Slave" / Lynda Hayes (7" Single) 1978
 "Fast at Seventeen" / Lee Fardon (7" Single) Arista 1978
 Come Holy Spirit / Vinesong (12" LP) WEA 1984
 "Champions of Love" / Tom Inglis (7" Single) ACTS 1985
 "Destined to Win" / Tom Inglis (7" Single) ACTS 1985
 "What Have We Done To The World" (7" Single) ACTS 1985
 Jubillee Africa / Friends First (12" LP) 1986
 "Wild World" / Pierre de Charmoy (7" Single) EMI 1987

Artist credits
 Maybelline, John E Sharpe & the Squires (12" LP) RPM 1965
 "Stop Your Sobbing", John E Sharpe & the Squires (7" Single)
 "I Am A Rock", John E Sharpe & the Squires (7" Single) RPM Records 1965
 "I'll Explain" / "Yours For The Picking" / "Monkey Shine", Savage Sounds of Africa, Beat Records 1965
 "One Way Street"/ "Linda Loves Linda" – Floribunda Rose (7" Single) Pye Records 1967
 "Lavender Popcorn", Scrugg (7" Single) Pye Records 1968
 "Everyone Can See", Scrugg (7" Single) Pye Records 1968
 "I Wish I Was Five", Scrugg (7" Single)  Pye Records 1969

Songwriting credits
 "The House Beside The Mine" / Hayden Wood (7" Single) NEMS 1969
 "Deserts Of Mountains Of Men" (LP) Confusions About A Goldfish / John Kongos / Dawn Records 1969
 "Seat By The Window" (LP) Confusions About A Goldfish / John Kongos / Dawn Records 1969
 "Coming Back To You" (LP) Confusions About A Goldfish / John Kongos / Dawn Records 1969
 "He's Gonna Step On You Again" with John Kongos (12" Single) Fly Records 1971;
 "Gold" / Olivia Newton-John (LP track) EMI 1972;
 "Inside Your Shadow" / Espanola (Comp) Essex 1972;
 "Let The Love Grow (In Your Heart)", Daliah Lavi (Single) Polydor 1973;
 "Blaze of Glory" / "He's Gonna Step on You Again" / Exploding White Mice (7", Single B-side only) Greasy Pop Records 1987
 "He's Gonna Step on You Again", Chantoozies (Single and Album) Mushroom Records 1989
 "Pills 'N Thrills And Bellyaches" (LP) Step On, London Records 1990
 "Lavender Popcorn", with Floribunda Rose & Scrugg (Comp CD) 2001
 "Kongos" / John Kongos (Comp CD) Collectors' Choice Music 2001
 "(He's Gonna) Step on You" (Have A Little Faith – CD/Album) John Swan, Liberation Music 2007

References

 Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums, 19th, London: Guinness World Records Limited, p. 306. .
 Berry, Mark "Bez" (1998). Freaky Dancin', 1st, London: Pan, p. 285. .

 Floribunda Rose and Scrugg | Garage Hangover
 Christos Demetriou - hitparade.ch

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British male songwriters
British record producers
People from Paphos


The 28th Golden Raspberry Awards, or Razzies, were held on February 23, 2008, in Santa Monica, California to honor the worst films the film industry had to offer in 2007. The nominations were announced on January 21. In line with Razzies tradition, both the nominee announcements and ceremony preceded the corresponding Academy Awards functions by one day.

The most nominated films of 2007 were I Know Who Killed Me, I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry and Norbit with eight nominations each. I Know Who Killed Me was the big winner of the evening, receiving seven awards. Eddie Murphy received a Razzie record five personal nominations, all surrounding his work (especially his performance of multiple characters) in Norbit. He ended up winning three awards, one for each character he portrayed. Actress Lindsay Lohan also won two awards for her dual roles in I Know Who Killed Me. The special category introduced this year was Worst Excuse for a Horror Movie.

Winners and nominees

Films with multiple nominations
The following films received multiple nominations:

See also

 2007 in film
 80th Academy Awards
 61st British Academy Film Awards
 65th Golden Globe Awards
 14th Screen Actors Guild Awards

References

External links

 2007 Winners
 2007 Razzie Nominees on the Razzies Official home page

Golden Raspberry Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards ceremonies
2008 in American cinema
February 2008 events in the United States
Golden Raspberry


Galve is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 145 inhabitants. There is an important paleontological site.

Paleontological significance

The Galve area is a productive area full of fossil sites well known for its faunal assemblage of dinosaurs, notably the sauropods and mammals. This region is also noted for its lissamphibians, lizards and turtles, as well as diverse multituberculates, dryolestoids, and spalacotheriids.

Spanish paleontologists have worked this site for years, including José Ignacio Canudo, José Luis Barco, Gloria Cuenca-Bescós, and José Ignacio Ruiz-Omeñaca.

The Galve region sediments date back to the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, with five formations ranging in age from Tithonian to Aptian listed below:

 Higueruelas Formation (Tithonian)
 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (upper Tithonian-middle Berriasian)
 El Castellar Formation (upper Hauterivian)
 Camarillas Formation (lower Barremian)
 Artoles Formation (upper Barremian-lower Aptian)

Fauna

Dinosaurs

Theropods (spinosaurines), sauropods, and ornithischians have been reported from the Galve region. Fossil teeth belonging to baryonychines, allosauroids, dromaeosaurids and indeterminable coelurosaurs have also been recovered at some of the Galve sites. Those indeterminable coelurosaur teeth are from the Galve outcrops of the El Castellar Formation, and bear some avian resemblance.

Sauropods
Sauropods from the Galve region include Aragosaurus ischiaticus, Galveosaurus herreroi, and Turiasaurus riodevensis. Isolated remains have also been referred to camarasaurids, brachiosaurids, and diplodocids.  Aragosaurus has been identified as a camarasaurid, a titanosaur, and recently, a eusauropod of uncertain affinities. Galveosaurus was originally described as a cetiosaurid but later argued to be a basal macronarian, and Turiasaurus was argued by its describers to represent a new clade close to neosauropod ancestry, Turiasauria. A new study also concluded that Galveosaurus was a turiasaur, and not a cetiosaurid or macronarian.

Galveosaurus was published in 2005 by Barbara, naming it Galveosaurus herreroi, in the journal Zootaxa. Late that same year, a team led by José Luis Barco published a less formal article in the magazine Naturaleza Aragonesa (Barco et al. 2005), and here they named the same taxon Galvesaurus herreroi(a difference of one letter).

A Camarasaurus-like taxon is represented only by teeth from the El Castellar Formation. These teeth bear a strong resemblance to the teeth of Camarasaurus than the teeth of any other sauropod. However, their younger age (Hauterivian-Barremian) makes them substantially younger than Camarasaurus, and hence likely to belong to a separate taxon.

Heterodontosaurids
Heterodontosaurids have also been attributed to the Galve region. Heterodontosaurids are a mostly Early Jurassic clade, best known from southern Africa.

Crocodilians
Numerous crocodilians have been found in Galve. One particularly notable find is an outcrop of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation at El Cantalar that preserves a trackway produced by a crocodyliform that measures approximately 12 meters in length, comparable in size to Deinosuchus, Sarcosuchus, and the unique Stomatosuchus. Furthermore, teeth, osteoderms, and bones belonging to atoposaurids, Bernissartia, and possibly pholidosaurids and teleosaurids are all known from the Galve region, illustrating the amount of crocodilian material preserved at the site.

Pterosaurs
Pterosaur teeth have also been uncovered in the Galve region, although more substantial remains are rare. However, there are enough remains at the sites to determine that the Galve region hosted a wide variety of pterosaurs at one point. Pterosaurs that have been discovered at this site include ornithocheirids, dsungaripterids, possible gnathosaurines, and istiodactylids.

References

Municipalities in the Province of Teruel
Mesozoic paleontological sites of Europe
Geography of Spain


Frances Mary Hendry (born 1941) is a British writer of children's historical fiction. Born and educated in Glasgow, Scotland she now resides in Nairn, where many of her books are set.

Writing
Hendry was a teacher for 23 years and wrote plays and pantomimes for the Nairn Drama Club. She submitted a story to the first BBC "Quest for a Kelpie" writing competition and won first prize — the book took its name from the competition. She has subsequently had 16 books published, most of which are historical fiction for young adults; historically accurate, with imaginary young people inserted into them. Two are fantasy; two are for younger readers. Several have won prizes and awards.

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Scottish children's writers
Scottish historical novelists


The 1975 Phillip Island 500K was an endurance race for Touring Cars complying with CAMS Group C regulations. The event was held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 23 November 1975.  Race distance was 106 laps of the 4.73 km circuit for a race distance of 501 km.

There were 48 starters in the event, which event was the fifth and final round of the 1975 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.

The race was won by Peter Brock driving for the Gown-Hindhaugh team continuing a run of good results since Brock had left the Holden Dealer Team the previous year. Brock took a four lap win over fellow Holden Torana racer Allan Grice. Attrition bit heavily into a field low on strength in the faster cars that competed at other Australian Manufacturers' Championship events, to the point that a well driven race by the Ford Escort RS2000 of Jim Murcott and Rod Stevens brought them third place, five laps behind Brock.

Class structure
The field was divided into four engine capacity classes:
 Class A: Up to 1300cc
 Class B: 1301–2000cc
 Class C: 2001 – 3000cc
 Class D: 3001 – 6000cc

Results

References

 Australian Competition Yearbook, 1976 Edition
 Racing Car News, January 1976
 The Australian Racing History of Ford, © 1989
 The Official Racing History of Holden, © 1988

Phillip Island 500
Phillip Island
Motorsport at Phillip Island
November 1975 sports events in Australia


Dushikou is a town in northern Chicheng County, Hebei province, China, located about  northeast of Zhangjiakou and  north-northwest of the county seat.

History

Dushikou is an ancient town, first built in the Tang Dynasty. It still contains stone paved streets and old buildings. It is located at one of the passes in the Great Wall for which it is named. , it has 12 villages under its administration.

See also
 List of township-level divisions of Hebei

References

Township-level divisions of Hebei
Zhangjiakou


St John the Baptist's Church is in the village of Aldford, Cheshire, England. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Malpas. Its benefice is combined with those of St Peter, Waverton and St Mary, Bruera. It is described by the authors of the Buildings of England series as "expensive" and "stiffly conventional".

History

The church was built in 1866 on the site of a previous church to a design by John Douglas at the expense of Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster. The vestry was converted into a chapel, and a new vestry was added in 1902 by Douglas and Minshull.

Architecture

Exterior
The church is constructed in red sandstone with a grey-green slate roof and a shingled spire. The architectural style is that of the late 13th century. Its plan consists of a west tower, a four-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel with a north chapel, and a south vestry, and a south porch. The tower is in three stages with a recessed octagonal spire, and at its southwest is an octagonal stair turret with a small stone spire. Lancet windows are in the first and second stages of the tower, above which are paired bell-openings. At the top is a corbelled open parapet. A rose window is in the north wall of the chapel. Over the south doorway is the damaged dedication stone from the former church. The porch is in striped stone, and has a pointed barrel vault.

Interior
The interior of the church is in ashlar stone, the walls of the tower and chancel being diapered. The arcades are carried on polished limestone monolithic columns. Both the pulpit and the font are in marble. The reredos contains five panels of mosaics by Salviati. The stained glass in the east window of the chapel dates from the 19th century and was made by Morris & Co. to a design by Burne-Jones. In the church are memorials, some of which have come from the previous church. These include a monument to the memory of Lieut. Job Watson Royle who was killed in 1812 at the Battle of Badajoz. Another memorial is a wooden tablet to Frances Jones who died in 1719. In the vestry is a benefaction board covering the period 1682–1723. At the base of the tower is a list of rectors going back to about 1300. The organ was made by William Hill and later modified by Robert Hope-Jones. A further modification was carried out in about 1997 by David Wells. There is a ring of six bells. Four of these were cast in 1865 by Mears & Stainbank at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, and the other two are by John Taylor & Co. of Loughborough.

External features

Associated with the church are three structures listed at Grade II. In the churchyard is a red sandstone cross on a base of four steps. The base is medieval and the shaft and head are dated 1901. On the head is a carving of the Crucifixion. Also in the churchyard is a sundial with a copper plate on a sandstone pier which probably dates from the 18th century. The churchyard walls and gates date from around 1866. The walls are made from squared rubble red sandstone and the gates are of oak. Also in the churchyard is the war grave of an Army Service Corps soldier of World War I. To the north of the church are the earthworks and some stone fragments remaining from Aldford Castle.

See also

Listed buildings in Aldford
List of new churches by John Douglas

References

Church of England church buildings in Cheshire
Grade II listed churches in Cheshire
Churches completed in 1866
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Gothic Revival architecture in Cheshire
John Douglas buildings
Diocese of Chester
1866 establishments in England


Don't Go to Strangers is an album recorded in 1960 by jazz vocalist Etta Jones. It was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2008.

Overview
This was Etta Jones' first album for the independent jazz label Prestige when it was released in 1960 (having been recorded in a single session on June 21 of that year), and although Jones had been releasing records since 1944, including a dozen sides for RCA in 1946 and an album for King Records in 1957, she was treated as an overnight sensation when the title tune from the album went gold, hitting the Top 40 on the pop charts and reaching number five on the R&B charts.

Reception
A reviewer of Dusty Groove stated: "Could anyone ever utter a sexier line than "'Don't go to strangers, come to me?' We think not, and it's material like that that makes the album a real killer from Etta Jones – one of her best from the 60s, cut when she was really developing her skills as a vocalist, but still had enough of an edge to be interesting. Backing is by a small group that includes Frank Wess, Roy Haynes, and Richard Wyands – and the album has a relaxed, jazzy quality that easily makes it one of the real standouts in Etta's career!"

Writing for DownBeat, John Tynan commented that Jones possesses a "real jazz approach that many other aspiring 'jazz' singers might well note, [making] listening to her a rewarding experience... Despite the overt similarity to Lady Day (Billie Holiday) in Miss Jones’ style, this vocalist has enough of her own to go on to much success."

Track listing

Personnel
 Etta Jones - vocals
 Frank Wess — flute, tenor saxophone
 Richard Wyands — piano
 Skeeter Best — guitar
 George Duvivier — bass
 Roy Haynes — drums
Technical
Esmond Edwards - photography

Footnotes

External links
 All About Jazz: Don't Go To Strangers

Etta Jones albums
1960 albums
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
Prestige Records albums


Everard Richard Calthrop (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of  narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a "railway genius". Later in life he took an interest in aviation, patenting some early designs for parachutes.

Early life and career
Calthrop was born on 3 March 1857, the eldest son of farmer Everard Calthrop.  He had six brothers, one of whom was Sir Guy Calthrop, general manager of the London & North Western Railway.  The family lived at Deeping Fen, Lincolnshire, where Calthrop was born, and later at Sutton in the Isle of Ely.  Calthrop was educated at Uppingham School.

Calthrop started work with Robert Stephenson & Co and then was apprenticed to the London & North Western Railway at Crewe in 1874.  In 1879 he joined the Great Western Railway, where he rose to assistant manager of the Carriage and Wagon Works.  In 1882 he went to India to join the Great Indian Peninsula Railway as a locomotive inspector.

Once in India, Calthrop came to see narrow-gauge railways as a way to help develop the country. This led him to chairing a Government committee to investigate light railways throughout India.  He then published a pamphlet entitled A System of Standard Details as applied to the Construction of Rolling Stock in India. As a result of this pamphlet, the Indian Government adopted systems of uniformity of gauge and equipment throughout the country, and eventually adopted  gauge as the standard narrow gauge throughout the country.

Calthrop requested leave in 1886 to investigate proposals for independent branch lines. He identified two schemes of particular interest, a  tramway connecting the Hindu religious centre of Nasik with the railway, and a  branch line to the town of Barsi. The Great Indian Peninsula Railway approved both schemes, and Calthrop undertook a survey of both lines. In 1887, he registered the Indian Railways Feeder Lines Company in London to promote the construction of feeders to the railway. The Great Indian Peninsula Railway suggested that he either return to his duties as a locomotive inspector or, with their support, resign to further promote branch lines. His health was failing, and so in 1889 Calthrop resigned from the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. Working as a consultant he then supervised the construction of the  gauge horse-powered Nasik Tramway, using his previous survey.

Move to Liverpool
Returning to the United Kingdom in 1892, Calthrop established a railway engineering consulting practice in Liverpool, where three of his brothers had started a stockfeed company. Soon Calthrop had entered into a partnership with them and spent much of the next two years designing equipment for feed production. He took out a number of patents relating to the equipment and to refrigerated transport.

While Calthrop was resident in Liverpool, the Chamber of Commerce was concerned future expansion was being limited by the railway companies that linked that city with Manchester, and invited proposals for alternative methods for moving goods. Calthrop proposed a system of narrow-gauge railways linking the two cities, running along streets directly serving factories. His proposal was highly commended, but the proposed street running precluded its adoption.

Calthrop was also interested in road transport. He was a member of the Self-Propelled Traffic Association and in May 1898 was a judge at their trials for "motor vehicles for heavy traffic", held in Liverpool. The winner was a Thornycroft 4-ton steam wagon. Later he was a foundation member of the Royal Automobile Club.

Development of narrow-gauge concepts and the Barsi Light Railway
During his time in India Calthrop developed his ideas on the construction of narrow-gauge railways. He surmised that the axle load on the axles of all rolling stock, including locomotives, could be equal, allowing a maximum loading of goods wagons. He settled on a loading of  per axle, which was light enough to allow railway lines to be built with  rail. It also allowed the loading of one  capacity 4-wheel standard-gauge wagon to be carried on a single bogie narrow-gauge wagon. Further, he argued that using a track gauge of  gave the greatest capacity as a percentage of capital cost. He estimated a  gauge railway could be built to four times the length of a standard-gauge railway for the same capital cost.

Calthrop had been engaged in negotiations with the Indian government for concessions to build a railway from Barsi Road to Barsi since 1887. In 1895, negotiations reached a satisfactory conclusion, and Calthrop formed a new company to build the Barsi Light Railway, and employed himself as consulting engineer. The railway became a showcase for his ideas. Five 0-8-4T locomotives, with even distribution of axle load, were constructed to Calthrop's specification by Kitson & Co. The goods rolling stock was constructed on common  pressed steel underframes, reducing tare weight and maximising potential wagon loads. Calthrop recognised the importance of railways in warfare, and designed the rolling stock to facilitate the movement of troops and equipment. Rolling stock rode on pressed-steel Fox bogies, using the Timmis system of double coiled springs. The line was constructed with rail inclination, then a new idea, which involves tilting the rail a few degrees to make its surface more nearly parallel with that of the tyre. Inclination is now applied universally to railways. The rolling stock could accept  radius curves.

Prior to shipment of the rolling stock to India, Calthrop and the Leeds Forge Company, manufacturer of the rolling stock, conducted tests on a specially-built test track located at Newlay, near Leeds. The line was opened for inspection by railway officials and journalists, and a number of reports were published in the technical railway press.

The Barsi Light Railway opened in 1897, and was extended on a number of occasions until it reached a total length of  in 1927. The example of the Barsi Light Railway is regarded as having revolutionised the narrow-gauge railway system of Indian subcontinent, and the railway was immensely successful, establishing Calthrop as one of the leading figures in the field. Calthrop remained consulting engineer until he retired due to ill health two years prior to his death. The Barsi Light Railway continued to be operated as a privately owned railway until 1954 when it was purchased by the Indian government, and continued to operate as a narrow-gauge railway until conversion to broad gauge began in the late 1990s as part of Indian Railways conversion program for all metre- and narrow-gauge lines.

Involvement in other railways
With the success of the Barsi Light Railway, Calthrop was in demand as a consultant for other narrow-gauge railway projects.

Barbados Railway
The Barbados Railway opened in 1883 as a  gauge railway from Bridgetown to St Andrew, Barbados.  By 1897, the railway and its rolling stock was in very poor condition.  Further, much of the railway had been constructed with rail too light for the locomotives.  A new company was established in 1898 to rebuild and operate the railway, and Calthrop was engaged as consulting engineer. Calthrop arranged for the railway to be rebuilt in  gauge, and had Baldwin Locomotive Works build four new locomotives, two 2-8-2T's, a 2-6-0T and an 0-6-0T.

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway

Calthrop appeared at the Light Railway Inquiry for the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway on 3–4 August 1897, and spoke particularly on the proposed open level crossings and the use of transporter wagons. Calthrop claimed it only took three minutes to transfer wagons, based on his experience on the Barsi Light Railway. However, the order was not made until 8 September 1899, and in early 1900, the proprietors reached agreement with the Cambrian Railways to build the line. Their engineer, Alfred J. Collins, took charge of the engineering requirements, with consequent conservative 4-wheel wagons and other provisions.

Victorian Railways narrow-gauge lines
In 1898 Calthrop corresponded with the government of the colony of Victoria, Australia, regarding proposals for the construction of narrow-gauge lines in that colony. Subsequently, on his advice, the gauge of the railways as built was changed from  to .

Fayoum Light Railway

Calthrop was appointed to advise on engineering matters for this  gauge Egyptian light railway, construction of which began in 1898. The railway comprised seven, mostly roadside, branch lines with a total length of .  The Fayoum Light Railway served an irrigation district south of Cairo, centred on the provincial capital of Medinet-el-Fayum. Calthrop used pictures of rolling stock from the railway to illustrate a chapter he wrote for the book Pioneer Irrigation and Light Railways.

Serbian narrow-gauge railways
Calthrop was one of several foreign concessionaires involved with the initial development of  gauge railways in Serbia after 1898.

Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway

The Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway was a  long standard-gauge branch line linking the Great Western Railway at Cleobury Mortimer in Shropshire with mineral deposits in the Clee Hills. Calthrop was appointed Consulting Engineer in 1900, responsible for surveying the route and preparing the construction plans.

Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway

In the United Kingdom Calthrop is most associated with the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. The line had been promoted under the Light Railways Act, and the initial plan was to build a railway of  gauge to be powered by electricity. Under the influence of one of the Light Railway Commissioners the company directors commissioned a report on the proposed line from Calthrop in mid-1900. In early December the railway's engineer died, and on 19 December 1900 the Directors sat down to consider both a replacement and Calthrop's report. Calthrop proposed specifications for the line which would result in substantial savings in construction costs, and so he was offered the position of engineer, which he promptly accepted.

Calthrop constructed the line for £35,944, £11,000 less than the original estimate. He had Kitson & Co construct two 2-6-4T locomotives, similar in outline but smaller than the Barsi Light Railway locomotives. Goods rolling stock included four coaches, two bogie open wagons and one bogie van, once again similar to Barsi stock. He also introduced four transporter wagons, designed to transport standard-gauge wagons. Each station on route had a short section of standard-gauge track where the wagons could be placed. The use of transporter wagons eliminated transshipment, and removed the need for large numbers of goods wagons.

Matheran Light Railway

The Matheran Light Railway is a mountain railway near Mumbai, India, and opened in 1905. Unusually for a railway for which Caltrhrop was consulting engineer, it was of  gauge, with tight curves and 1 in 20 (5%) grades. Calthrop designed a 0-6-0T with Klein-Linder articulated coupled axles to provide a flexible wheelbase, and four were supplied by Orenstein & Koppel. Calthrop's firm also supplied the wagon stock and the points and crossings for the railway.

Arakan Light Railway

In 1910 Calthrop was engaged as consulting engineer by the promoters of a new railway between Buthidaung and Maungdaw in Burma, later known as the Arakan Light Railway. Calthrop had the proposed gauge changed from  narrow gauge to  narrow gauge. For this railway Calthrop had built two  Garratt locomotives, to which he had attached plates reading "E.R.Calthrop's System of Narrow Gauge Mountain Railways". Calthrop was an early adopter of the Garratt type, this being the ninth order for Garratts taken by Beyer-Peacock, and the smallest Garratt design ever built by them.

Patents for parachutes

Calthrop was a close personal friend of Charles Rolls, of Rolls-Royce fame.  Rolls was a pioneer aviator, being the first man to fly across the English Channel in both directions. On 12 July 1910 Calthrop accompanied him to the Bournemouth International Aviation Meeting, and was present when Rolls died after he lost control of his biplane and crashed. That and a similar, non-fatal, accident involving his son Tev, led Calthrop to believe that a parachute could be used to save pilots in similar circumstances.

In 1913 he patented his first parachute. As World War I progressed he continued to develop his parachute. In 1915 he offered it to the Royal Flying Corps, and successful tests were completed at the time. An unofficial report offered the opinion that parachutes "might impair the fighting spirit of pilots" and the offer was rejected. Calthrop was encouraged to remain quiet about his invention, but faced with increasing losses of pilots he publicised the parachute in 1917. Despite a campaign by some pilots, the Royal Flying Corps declined to introduce parachutes during World War I, although air forces of most other nations did so.

Calthrop's "Guardian Angel" parachute received much praise and was used during the war to drop agents behind enemy lines. In October 1918 an article on use of parachutes stated that the "Guardian Angel" was one of the best known and that "balloonists can take their perilous leap, when attacked by a Hun scout, with real confidence in a safe landing". By 1918 it was known that the Germans were fully aware of Calthrop's work, and supplied their pilots with a similar design. However, when the Royal Air Force finally adopted parachutes after the war, they chose an American design.

In 1916 Calthrop also patented an ejector seat for aircraft using compressed air.

Private life

During his time in India, Calthrop made occasional trips back to Britain. On one such trip he married Isabel Mary Earle, the daughter of the Reverend Walter Earle, a friend of his parents. The wedding took place on 19 November 1890 at the Bilton Parish Church, Rugby. They had four children, Everard Earle (Tev, b. 1892), Keith de Suffield (b. 1894), Isabelle Iris (b. 1895), and Betty Marion (b. 1899). Tev joined the army and became a Colonel in the Royal Engineers, while Keith, after a stint in the Royal Engineers went on to become Assistant General Manager and Mechanical Engineer of the Barsi Light Railway, a post he held until 1932.

Calthrop had a great interest in breeding Arabian horses. Following the long-term rental of a villa in Goldings Road, Loughton, Essex, he purchased a permanent home, Goldings, at Clays Lane in Loughton, with stables and  of grounds. It was here that he bred his horses and developed his theories of horse training. Calthrop rejected the cruel methods of breaking horses common in that era, and practiced gentle methods. Such was his concern for his horses that he had them humanely destroyed rather than have them commandeered by the British army at the start of the First World War. After the war he was able to return to his horses, and wrote an authoritative book, The Horse, as Comrade and Friend, published in 1920. Calthrop was a prominent member of the Arab Horse Society, and received commendations for his stallion, Fitz, at its first show in 1919.

Developing and promoting his parachute had left Calthrop drained, both financially and physically. Failing health forced him to resign his position as consulting engineer for the Barsi Railway in 1925, although he remained a director. Calthrop died at his Paddington, London, home on 30 March 1927, in the company of his son, Tev. He was seventy years old.

Calthrop is commemorated by a blue plaque on Goldings, unveiled in June 2008.

Other narrow-gauge pioneers
 Paul Decauville
 Robert Fairlie
 Abraham Fitzgibbon
 Thomas Hall
 Carl Abraham Pihl

References

1857 births
1927 deaths
Railway officers in British India
English civil engineers
English inventors
British railway civil engineers
2 ft 6 in gauge railways


Belga may refer to:

 Belga (news agency), in Belgium
 Belga (cigarette), a Belgian brand
 SS Belga, a Swedish merchant ship
 Beau Belga (born 1986), Filipino basketball player
 Belga, a mid-20th century Belgian gold currency worth five Belgian francs


Watermark is the third solo studio album by Art Garfunkel, originally released in October 1977 on Columbia Records. The first single, "Crying in My Sleep", failed to chart, but the follow-up, a version of "(What a) Wonderful World" (featuring harmony vocals from Garfunkel's old partner Paul Simon and mutual friend James Taylor) reached #17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The songs "Watermark" and "Paper Chase" had previously been performed by Richard Harris on his albums A Tramp Shining and The Yard Went On Forever.  Watermark is also noted as being the final recording sessions of legendary saxophonist Paul Desmond who died of lung cancer shortly thereafter. Actress Laurie Bird, Garfunkel's girlfriend, made the album cover's photograph.  Some promotional copies of the single "Crying in My Sleep", released in advance of the album, referred to the album as Art Garfunkel, suggesting Garfunkel initially planned for the album to be self-titled.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Jimmy Webb; except where indicated
Side one
"Crying in My Sleep" – 4:06
"Marionette" – 2:36
"Shine It on Me" – 3:26
"Watermark" – 2:59
"Saturday Suit" – 3:16
"All My Love's Laughter" – 3:56
Side two
"(What a) Wonderful World" (Herb Alpert, Sam Cooke, Lou Adler) – 3:32 (added to the January 1978 reissue, replacing the song "Fingerpaint")
"Mr. Shuck'n Jive" – 4:48
"Paper Chase" – 2:37
"She Moved Through the Fair" (Traditional) – 2:45
"Someone Else (1958)" – 2:19
"Fingerpaint" - 3:55 (removed from the January 1978 reissue, replaced with ("What a) Wonderful World")
"Wooden Planes" – 3:13

Personnel
 Art Garfunkel – vocals
 Paul Simon – acoustic guitar, Lead & background vocals on "(What a) Wonderful World"
 James Taylor - acoustic guitar, Lead & background vocals on "(What a) Wonderful World"
 Stephen Bishop – guitar, background vocals
 Derek Bell – harmonica
 Carol Flamm, Alexandra Stavrou, Ed Hasselbrink, Shelley Hirsch, Fred Farell, David Crosby, Bob Dorough, Leah Kunkel – background vocals
 Jay Clayton Voice Group - background vocals
 Paul Desmond – alto saxophone
 Pete Carr, Jimmy Johnson, Hugh McCracken – guitar
 Tommy Vig – vibraphone, background vocals
 Ralph MacDonald, Tom Roady, Craig Krampf – percussion
 Jimmy Webb – keyboards
 Barry Beckett – piano
 David Campbell – arranger
 Christopher Dedrick – arranger
 Joe Farrell – flute, English horn, oboe
 Martin Fay, Seán Keane – fiddle
 Jimmie Haskell – arranger
 Roger Hawkins, Steve Gadd, Rick Shlosser – drums
 David Hood, Joe Osborn, Tony Levin – bass guitar
 Thomas Latondre – percussion, handclaps
 Paddy Moloney – uilleann pipes, tin whistle
 Oklahoma Uni Chorale – background vocals
 Bill Payne – synthesizer
 Jack Schroer – saxophone
 Richard Tee – piano, Fender Rhodes
 Michael Tubridy – flute

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1977 albums
Art Garfunkel albums
Albums arranged by David Campbell (composer)
Albums produced by Phil Ramone
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Art Garfunkel
Albums recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio


The men's trap was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 23 and 24 July 1920 and 18 shooters from seven nations competed. The United States swept the podium (indeed, the five Americans took the top five places); it was the second sweep in the men's trap (France had done it in 1900). Mark Arie took the gold medal, the second consecutive victory by an American. Frank Troeh earned silver, while Frank Wright finished with bronze. Arie also received Lord Westbury's Cup, a challenge prize previously awarded in 1908 and 1912 to the winners of those years' men's trap competitions.

Background

This was the fourth appearance of what would become standardised as the men's ISSF Olympic trap event. The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1924 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held) and from 1952 to 2016; it was open to women from 1968 to 1996.

None of the top shooters from the pre-war 1912 Games returned. The American team included Mark Arie, "one of the most colorful and popular shooters in American history."

No nations made their debut in the event. Great Britain made its fourth appearance, the only nation to have competed at each edition of the event to that point.

Competition format

Shooter faced up to 100 clay pigeons over the course of four stages. The firing line was 15 metres away from the traps. Two shots were allowed per clay pigeon.

The first stage consisted of 35 targets. The top 50% of shooters advanced to the second stage. That stage had 35 targets again. The top 50% of shooters by combined score of the two stages advanced to the third stage (that is, 25% of the initial starters). The third stage had 20 targets. Each of the first three stages used a known-trap, unknown-angle format. The fourth stage had only 10 targets, with an unknown trap.

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

No new world or Olympic records were set during the competition.

Schedule

Results

The maximum score was 100.

References

External links
 Official Report

Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Trap at the Olympics


Rule of nines or rule of nine may refer to:

Rule of nine (linguistics), an orthographic rule of the Ukrainian language.
Rule of nines (mathematics), a test for divisibility by 9 involving summing the decimal digits of a number
 Wallace rule of nines, used to determine the percentage of total body surface area affected when assessing burn injuries

See also
 Rule No. 9


Hubert J.M. Hermans (born October 9, 1937) is a Dutch psychologist and Emeritus Professor at the Radboud University of Nijmegen, internationally known as the creator of dialogical self theory.

Biography
Hermans was born as son of a baker family in Maastricht, The Netherlands. He studied psychology at the Radboud University Nijmegen, where he became staff member at the psychological laboratory of the same university in 1965.

In 1973 he became associate professor of psychology at the University of Nijmegen and in 1980 full professor at the same university. From 2002 till 2018 he was president of the International Society for Dialogical Science (ISDS) and since 2019 he is editor of the section Dialogical Self Theory of Journal of Constructivist Psychology.
For his merits for the Dutch society, he was appointed as Ridder in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw (Knight in the Society of the Netherlands Lion) in 2002. His 2006 Dutch book Dialoog en Misverstand (Dialogue and Misunderstanding) was used in the preparation of the Dutch government in 2007. He is honorary associate of the TAOS Institute (from 2012). In 2017 he was elected as foreign member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Art.

From 1961-2007 Hubert Hermans was married to Els Hermans-Jansen, a psychotherapist, with whom he cooperated in the development of the Self-Confrontation Method (SCM). The couple has two children and two grandchildren. From 2008-2013 he was married to Agnieszka Hermans-Konopka, who wrote a dissertation (Warsaw, 2006) on the relationship between self and emotions. The couple continues to cooperate on the further development of Dialogical Self Theory in the International Institute for the Dialogical Self (IIDS).

Work
Hermans is considered a key figure in narrative psychology. His dissertation (1967) was on Motivation and achievement and resulted in two psychological tests: The Achievement Motivation Test for adults (1968; published in English in 1971; and in German in 1976) and The Achievement Motivation Test for children (1971; published in German in 1976). Both test belong since then to the most frequently used psychological tests in the Netherlands.

As a reaction to the static and impersonal nature of psychological tests, he developed a Self-Confrontation Method (SCM; 1974; book published in English in 1995). Application of this method in practice led to the establishment of the Dutch Association for SCM Consultants that counted around 260 members in 2013.

In the nineties of the last century he developed the dialogical self theory, inspired by the American pragmatism of William James and the dialogical school of the Russian literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin.

Dialogical self theory
Hermans’s, basing on ideas of M.M. Bakhtin, W. James, purpose is to contribute to research and development of dialogical relationships, not only between individuals, groups, and cultures, but also between different I-positions within the dialogical self of the individual person. He does so in the conviction that dialogical relationships between individuals, groups, and cultures cannot exist in separation of productive dialogical relationships which individuals develop with themselves.

On the basis of this purpose, bi-annual International Conferences on the Dialogical Self are organized: in Nijmegen (2000), Ghent, Belgium (2004); Warsaw, Poland (2004), Braga, Portugal (2006), Cambridge, United Kingdom (2008), Athens, Greece (2010), Athens, Georgia, USA (2012), The Hague, The Netherlands (2014), Braga, Portugal (2016), Lublin, Poland (2018), Barcelona, Spain (2021), and Tallinn, Estonia (2023).

From 2006 till 2018 Hermans was chief editor of the International Journal for Dialogical Science (IJDS). Since 2018 he is editor of the Dialogical Self Theory section of the Journal of Constructivist Psychology. A number of his publications have been translated into English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Polish, Russian and Japanese.

Bibliography
Books
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Kempen, H.J.G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. San Diego: Academic Press. .
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Hermans-Jansen, E. (1995). Self-narratives: The construction of meaning in psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press. .
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Dimaggio, G. (Eds) (2004). The dialogical self in psychotherapy. New York: Brunner & Routledge. .
 Oles, P.K., & Hermans, H.J.M. (Eds.) (2005). The dialogical self: Theory and research. Lublin, Poland: Wydawnictwo. .
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Hermans-Konopka A. (Eds.) (2010). Dialogical self theory. Positioning and Counter-Positioning in a Globalizing Society Cambridge University Press
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Gieser, T. (Eds.) (2012). Handbook of Dialogical Self Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. .
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2012). Between dreaming and recognition seeking: The emergence of dialogical self theory. Lanham: Maryland: University Press of America. .
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2018). Society in the self: A theory of identity in democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-190-68779-3
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2022). Liberation in the face of uncertainty: A new development in Dialogical Self Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-84440-6.

Articles and chapters
 Hermans, H. J. M. (1970). A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 353-363.
 Hermans, H. J. M. (1987). The dream in the process of valuation: A method of interpretation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 163-175.
 Hermans, H.J.M., Kempen, H.J.G., & Van Loon, R. (1992). The dialogical self: Beyond individualism and rationalism. American Psychologist, 47, 23-33.
 Hermans, H.J.M. (1996). Voicing the self: From information processing to dialogical interchange. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 31-50.
 Hermans, H.J.M., & Kempen, H.J.G. (1998). Moving Cultures: The Perilous Problems of Cultural Dichotomies in a Globalizing Society. American Psychologist, 53, 1111-1120.
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2002). The person as a motivated storyteller: Valuation theory and the Self-Confrontation Method. In R.A. Neimeyer, & G.J. Neimeyer (Eds.) Advances in Personal Construct Psychology (pp. 3–38).
 Hermans, H.J.M. & Dimaggio, G. (2007), Self, identity, and globalization in times of uncertainty: A dialogical analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11, 31-61.
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2012). Dialogical Self Theory and the increasing multiplicity of I-positions in a globalizing society: Introduction. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development (NDCAD), 137, 1-21.
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2013). The dialogical self in education. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 26, 81-89.
 Hermans, H.J.M. (2011). The dialogical self: A process of positioning in space and time. In: S. Gallagher (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Self (pp. 654–680). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Bibliography about Hubert Hermans’s work
 Culture & Psychology (2001). Special issue: Culture & the dialogical Self. Vol. 7, no. 3, 243-408.
 Theory & Psychology (2002). Special issue: the dialogical self, vol. 12, no. 2, 147-280.
 Journal of Constructivist Psychology (2003). Special issue on the dialogical self. Vol. 16, no.2, 89-213.
 Identity: An international Journal of theory and research (2004). Mediated identity in the emerging digital age: A dialogical perspective. Vol. 4, no. 4, 297-405.
 Counselling Psychology Quarterly (2006). Special issue: The dialogical approach to counselling theory, research, and practice, vol. 19, no. 1, 1-120.
 Van Belzen, J.A. (2006). Culture and the ‘dialogical self’: Toward a secular cultural psychology of religion. In: J. Straub, D. Weidemann, C. Kolbl, & B. Zielke (Eds.). Pursuit of meaning: Advances in cultural and cross-cultural psychology (pp. 129–152). New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.
 Journal of Constructivist Psychology (2008), special issue: research on the dialogical self, vol. 21, no. 3, 185-269.
 Studia Psychologica (2008), special issue on dialogical self research, vol 6, no.8, 5-253.
 Theory & Psychology (2010), special issue on self and dialogue, vol. 20, no. 3, 2010, 299-360.
 New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development (2012), special issue on dialogical self and development, no. 137, 2012, 1-77.
 Journal of Constructivist Psychology (2013), special issue on the dialogical self in education, vol. 26, no. 2, 81-89.
 Bertau, M-C., Goncalves, M.M., & Raggatt, P. (Eds.) (2012). Dialogic formations: Investigations into the origins and development of the dialogical self. Charlotte, NC.: Information Age Publishing. .
 Buitelaar, M., & Zock, H. (2013). Religious voices in self-narratives. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. .
 Jones, R.A., & Morioka, M. (Eds.) (2011). Jungian and dialogical self perspectives. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. .
 Lengelle, R. (2021). Portrait of a scientist: in conversation with Hubert Hermans, founder of Dialogical Self Theory. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, published online, April 2.

References

External links
 Hubert J.M. Hermans Website
 International Society for Dialogical Science Website
 International Journal for Dialogical Science Website
 Journal of Constructivist Psychology (with a section Dialogical Self Theory)

1937 births
Living people
Dutch psychologists
People from Maastricht
Radboud University Nijmegen alumni
Academic staff of Radboud University Nijmegen


The Khava () is a river in the Voronezh Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the river Usman. It is  long, and has a drainage basin of .

Villages
 Verkhnyaya Khava
 Talovaya
 Sukhie Gai
 Pravaya Khava
 Rozhdestvenskaya Khava
 Uspenskaya Khava
 Volna-Shepelinovka
 Parusnoe

References

Rivers of Voronezh Oblast


Zilka Nazareth de Carvalho (31 May 1917 – 10 March 2005) was a Brazilian actress who appeared in a variety of telenovelas. She was born and died in Rio de Janeiro, She also portraying the character Dona Benta from the series Sítio do Picapau Amarelo.

Filmography

Cinema

Television

External links

1917 births
2005 deaths
Actresses from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian telenovela actresses


Gargallo is a municipality in Andorra-Sierra de Arcos comarca, province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 140 inhabitants. Its postal code is 44558.

It is located on a rocky ridge of the northern side of Sierra de San Just, part of the vast Iberian System. Road N-211 crosses the southern end of Gargallo.

See also
Andorra-Sierra de Arcos
List of municipalities in Teruel

References

External links

 Gargallo, CAI Aragon

Municipalities in the Province of Teruel


David S. Sidikman (born July 1, 1934) is an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Biography
He was born on July 1, 1934, in Brooklyn, New York City. He attended Abraham Lincoln High School. He graduated B.A. from Lehigh University in 1955; and J.D. from New York University School of Law in 1958. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Old Bethpage, Nassau County, New York. Later he also entered politics as a Democrat.

On February 18, 1992, Sidikman elected to the New York State Assembly (13th D.), to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Lewis J. Yevoli as Supervisor of the Town of Oyster Bay. He was re-elected six times and remained in the Assembly until 2004, sitting in the 189th, 190th, 191st, 192nd, 193rd, 194th and 195th New York State Legislatures. In September 2004, he ran in the Democratic primary for re-nomination, but was defeated by Charles D. Lavine.

References

Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
Jewish American state legislators in New York (state)
1934 births
Living people
Lehigh University alumni
New York University School of Law alumni
Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni
21st-century American Jews


William Strickland (17 August 1864 – 24 November 1959) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the inaugural Victorian Football League (VFL) season.

Strickland was a centreman and started his career with Brunswick before joining Victorian Football Association side Carlton in 1885, playing in their 1887 premiership side. He missed the 1889 season after rolling his ankle in a practice match, but returned in 1890 as club captain.

He would cross to new team Collingwood at the end of 1892 due to internal dissent and dissatisfaction at Carlton. After arriving at Collingwood, he became the club's captain, and in 1896 led the club to the VFA premiership after they defeated South Melbourne in a premiership play-off.

In 1897, he was Collingwood's first ever VFL captain, and also played his 200th career match, leading them to third place before retiring.

He returned to the VFL in 1904 as coach, and again briefly in 1908. He was also involved in Sydney Australian rules football for many years.

Notes

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
Blueseum biography

1864 births
Carlton Football Club (VFA) players
Collingwood Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club coaches
Brunswick Football Club players
1959 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)


Ouranoupoli (, formerly Ouranopolis) is an ancient city and a modern village in Chalcidice. The village is today called Ouranoupoli.

Location

The village of Ouranoupoli is situated on the coastline in the northwest part (the very beginning) of the Athos peninsula, part of the bigger Chalkidiki peninsula. It is the last settlement before the border with the monastic state of Mount Athos (the Holy Mountain).  The city of Thessaloniki is about 140 km from Ouranoupoli and approximately 140 km from the city of Kavala.

History
The village was named after the nearby ancient city of Uranopolis that was founded by Cassander's brother Alexarchus in the late 4th century BC. and was later destroyed by an earthquake.

In the 1920s, many  refugees from Turkey settled in the village and established rug manufacturing.

In 1926, the old Tower of Prosforion was leased from the monks of Vatopedi to  Sydney and Joice Loch who were based there till their deaths in 1955 and 1982. The tower now houses the Christian Chalkidiki Exhibition.

In 1956, a road was built to the village along the old pilgrim route.

Attractions
The Byzantine Tower of Ouranoupoli (also known as Prosfori, or "The Offering") was built by Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos during the 13th century, who placed it under the jurisdiction of Vatopedi Monastery. However, in 1922, the Greek government confiscated the area from the monastery to accommodate Greek refugees from Turkey during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. In 1928, Sydney Loch and his wife Joice NanKivell Loch moved into the tower, where they maintained a presence for decades as they used it as an important meeting place for both monks and laymen passing to and from Mount Athos. The Lochs also owned a carpet-weaving enterprise in Ouranoupoli, employing many locals.
, a former monastery that was abandoned in 1198 and occupied by the Crusaders during the beginning of the 1200s; hence it is also known as Frangokastro, or the "Castle of the Franks." The archaeological site can be visited by walking eastward along the coast from the town of Ouranoupoli up to around the Mount Athos border.
 (), ruins of a Byzantine church that was occupied from the 11th to 14th centuries. The ruins are located in the middle of the peninsula by the Mount Athos border.

Transportation
A single asphalt road connects Ouranoupoli with Thessaloniki. Ouranoupoli is served by several regular daily buses from the KTEL Chalkidiki bus station in the southern part of Thessaloniki city. There are regular daily ferries for male pilgrims to Mount Athos that take them from the main port of Ouranoupoli to Dafni, Mount Athos, but pilgrims must first obtain a diamonitirion from the Mount Athos Pilgrims' Bureau. During the summer, there are also cruises for tourists that take visitors on a sightseeing tour of the coast of Mount Athos. Women are allowed on the cruise, since the boats are not allowed to pass within 500 metres of the Mount Athos coastline.

References

Sources
De Vries, Susanna. Blue Ribbons, Bitter Bread, 2000.
Tarn, William Woodthorpe. The Greeks in Bactria & India, 1950.

External links

Ouranoupoli
Fishing Boats in Ouranopoli, Agio Oros Peninsula (Greece) on 23 August 2003 Coastal Photograph by Hubert Chanson, Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 25, No. 5, Sept., p. 1175 (ISSN 0749-0208)

Populated places in Chalkidiki
Aristotelis (municipality)


CastleCourt is a shopping centre on Royal Avenue in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is Northern Ireland's third largest shopping centre after Victoria Square and Foyleside in Derry. As of 2007, it had approximately 16 million visits a year, and sale densities ranked in the top 10% in the UK.

History

The centre was built by John Laing on the site of the former Grand Central Hotel.  The nature of the development made it a target for the Provisional IRA: the centre was bombed five times during its construction, four times after it opened, and suffered incendiary bomb attacks. It is now the third largest shopping complex in Northern Ireland after the construction of the new Victoria Square shopping centre, which is also located in Belfast, and Foyleside, Derry.

In 2021, a multi-plan development was announced for the former Debenhams, a store that opened with the centre in 1990 and was their first store in the island of Ireland. The multi-plan development included a new cinema operated by Omniplex Cinemas called The Avenue, a new Starbucks (relocating from their former presence in the centre), New Look, and a leisure centre.

References

External links
 castlecourt-uk.com — official website

Shopping centres in Northern Ireland
Buildings and structures in Belfast
Tourist attractions in Belfast
Westfield Group
1980s establishments in Northern Ireland


Sebastian Hähnge (born 11 March 1978 in Magdeburg) is a retired German footballer.

Career

Hähnge began his career with his hometown club, 1. FC Magdeburg, and had spells with Chemnitzer FC and Dynamo Dresden before, in July 2003, he decided to take a break from football to go backpacking in Australia. He returned to the game in March 2004, joining FC Carl Zeiss Jena, and moved onto Hansa Rostock in 2006, having finished second top scorer in the Regionalliga. Hansa were promoted to the Bundesliga in his first season at the club. In July 2008, he moved back to FC Carl Zeiss Jena, where he remained for four years, retiring after their relegation from the 3. Liga in 2012. He returned to football again a year later to sign for Viktoria Berlin of the Regionalliga Nordost.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
1. FC Magdeburg players
Chemnitzer FC players
Dynamo Dresden players
FC Carl Zeiss Jena players
FC Hansa Rostock players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin players
Footballers from Magdeburg