The Ambassador Hotel is a six-story, 134-room single room occupancy hotel at 55 Mason Street in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco, California. The hotel was designed by Earl B. Scott & K. McDonald as the Ferris Harriman Hotel and Theater, and completed in 1911. It is a contributing property to the National Register of Historic Places's Uptown Tenderloin Historic District since 2009.

History
The Ambassador Hotel was constructed in 1911 and an addition was completed in 1922. In 1923, the hotel was renamed Hotel Ambassador. In 1929, the theater was converted to a garage.

True crime author Miriam Allen deFord was a noted resident from 1936 until her death in 1975. From 1978 to 1996, the hotel was managed by Hank Wilson, a San Francisco LGBT activist, who made the hotel a model for harm reduction housing.

In 1993, photographer Paul Fusco published a series of photographs of some of the residents living with AIDS.

Over a period of many years, the hotel deteriorated. In 1994, KRON, San Francisco's channel 4, aired a documentary about the hotel and its residents, called Life and Death at the Ambassador Hotel, which documented the hotel's use as harm reduction housing.

Deterioration and repairs
During the late 1990s, a collection of activist and labor organizations worked with residents to organize to improve the buildings. The now defunct Eviction Defense Network collaborated with ACT-UP SF to outreach to tenants, resulting in a successful Rent Board decision to lower most of the residents' rents due to the dilapidated conditions. The Housing Rights Committee helped connect residents to an attorney who filed a successful class action lawsuit against the landlord. Tenderloin Housing Clinic pursued a strategy of filing complaints through the Department of Building Inspection. These tactics influenced the landlord's decision to sell the property.

In 2000, the property was acquired by Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation (TNDC), a nonprofit corporation that buys and repairs properties primarily located in the San Francisco Tenderloin. Repairs were completed in November 2003, and it now serves as low-income housing.

See also
 Hugo Hotel
 SRO hotel

References

External links

Life and Death at the Ambassador Hotel, part 1 of four
Article about Hank Wilson and his role at the Ambassador, by the San Francisco Study Center

Hotels in San Francisco
Hotel buildings completed in 1911
1911 establishments in California
Tenderloin, San Francisco


Gerdie Keen (born 29 September 1969, Wageningen) is a Dutch professional table tennis player. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She is the older sister of Trinko Keen.

Career highlights

Summer Olympic Games
1996, Atlanta, women's singles, 1st round
1996, Atlanta, women's doubles, 1st round
World Championships
1985, Gothenburg, team competition, 4th
1987, New Delhi, women's doubles, last 32
1987, New Delhi, team competition, 4th
1991, Chiba, women's doubles, last 16
1995, Tianjin, mixed doubles, last 16
World Team Cup:
1994, Nîmes, 3rd
Pro Tour Meetings
1997, Kettering, women's singles, quarter final
1997, Kettering, women's doubles, quarter final
1998, Houston, women's singles, quarter final
1998, Houston, women's doubles, quarter final
1998, Beirut, women's doubles, quarter final
European Championships
1988, Paris, women's singles, last 16
1990, Gothenburg, women's singles, quarter final
1992, Stuttgart, women's singles, quarter final
1992, Stuttgart, mixed doubles, quarter final
1994, Birmingham, women's singles, runner-up
1998, Eindhoven, women's singles, last 16
1998, Eindhoven, women's doubles, quarter final

See also
 List of table tennis players

References

1969 births
Living people
Dutch female table tennis players
People from Wageningen
Sportspeople from Gelderland
Olympic table tennis players for the Netherlands
Table tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
20th-century Dutch women


Vadims Ulbergs (17 July 1921 – 11 July 2008) was a Latvian football player and manager, one of the most respected veterans of Latvian football.

Biography

His first choice in sports was basketball but soon he joined the most popular pre-war Latvian football club - Rīgas FK. First he played with the junior squad but aged just 17 he made his debut in Virslīga. At that time RFK had a very strong squad which included Latvia national football team players Ēriks Pētersons, Sergejs Maģers, Fricis Kaņeps and others. Thus Ulbergs usually got to play only if some of the main squad players were injured.

With Rīgas FK Ulbergs stayed until 1942, then in order not to be called into German army, he took up work on the railroad and joined the newly founded football club Daugavieši. In 1944 Ulbergs was arrested because of a remark that one of his friends had made in a restaurant during Ēriks Pētersons birthday party about Adolf Hitler. Some time later he managed to escape and awaited the end of the war hiding in the woods.

After the war Ulbergs joined the FK Dinamo Rīga but because of an injury he soon switched from playing to coaching. For many years he worked in the Daugava sports school, but in the 1960s he was offered to work with FK Daugava Rīga senior squad. In different positions (both coaching and managing) Ulbergs worked with Daugava until the collapse of the club in early 1990s. Later he was an assistant of Jānis Gilis in the Latvia national football team.

References

1921 births
2008 deaths
Latvian men's footballers
Latvian football managers
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Soviet men's footballers


Emmanuel Benbihy (born 6 November 1969, Paris) is a French film producer, best known for creating the Cities of Love series of films set in various cities around the world; most notable of those are Paris, je t'aime and New York, I Love You.

Education
A graduate of Reims Management School, Emmanuel Benbihy demonstrates an early interest in art and international trade. During his studies, he displays a passion for contemporary painting and philosophy (art, law, nature), studies abroad and, while still in his teens, participates in the creation of a Parisian restaurant dedicated to classical music, the Opus Café. Several internships in the US and England give him a grounding in international marketing. This leads him to two years as main buyer for a Los Angeles import-export company specializing in fine foods. This period also gives him the opportunity to work with an independent film producer on the financial set-up of a feature film.

Early work
In France in 1994, Benbihy spent over a year working on the co-development of European and Asian cinemas, while studying Japanese at the Langues'O. He also attended many foreign markets. His research was sent to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Centre National de la Cinématographie, and became his central theme of research at La Sorbonne University (Strategic Analysis in Cinema). This period of reflection on the industry of film was decisive: cinema needed to serve diversity and peace. He chose his profession: producing world films. Benbihy participated in a panel about the Future of Asian Cinema at the Busan International Film Festival in 1997 during which he claimed that the future of cinema would be in Asia, and more specifically in China. The same year, he joined an independent production company whose first project was an international collection of 12 feature films inspired by parables from the New Testament. For this non-denominational project, he represented the company in international markets and festivals, managing relations with the filmmakers, supervising script development, preparing international production and distribution agreements, and built a strong network of contacts and private investors. He raised a development fund, and took his first steps in the industry, collaborating with directors such as Peter Del Monte, Ermanno Olmi, Djibril Diop Mambety, Mira Nair, Liv Ullmann, Fernando Spiner, Im Kwon-taek ou Mikheil Kobakhidze.

Cities of Love franchise

Cities of Love is a series of motion pictures illustrating the universality of love in major cities around the world. Each episode is a collective feature film composed of no fewer than 10 segments – created by directors from around the world.

Five such pictures have been completed: Paris, je t'aime in 2006, New York, I Love You in 2008, Tbilisi, I Love You and Rio, Eu Te Amo in 2014, and Berlin, I Love You in 2019. A number of films like "Rotterdam, I Love You", "Malmö, I Love You" and others have been in production for several years, though it is unclear whether they will be released or not.

Each segment's storyline must center on an encounter that bears the hope of love and takes place in the current time. Each segment must contain a strong presence of the illustrated city and a visual identification with the area selected by each director so that the audience may experience its singularity. All the segments shall be woven together by interstitial transitions placed before, between and after each of the segments. The transitions are directed by an additional director. The transitions involve some, if not all, of the characters created by the segment directors and at least one character, specifically created for the transitions, called the "recurrent character". The recurrent character must have an excuse to be found anywhere in the city at any time, and a good reason to connect or interact with any of the segments' characters. The recurrent character serves the unity of the film. The transitions, and the absence of credits inside the film, are essential to the unity and the fluidity of the overall experience. In a final scene, a narrative epilogue allows the audience to watch again some of the segments' characters of the film in a single unifying moment.

Paris, je t'aime

In April 2000, the development of the film Paris, je t'aime began with a simple idea: 20 arrondissements, 20 directors, 20 love encounters. Benbihy, along with co-executive producer Gilles Caussade determined a production timeline for the project, and little by little put together the principal elements needed for its development and production: narrative development, artistic and technical specifications, material to approach directors and talents, contracts, consistent marketing strategy and international approach to film financing. All these elements are today part of the Cities of Love franchise.

The production of Paris, je t'aime began in July 2005 and involved 24 international directors. The film was pre-sold in numerous territories at high levels, and opened the Cannes Film Festival 2006, Un Certain regard section. Directors such as the Coen brothers, Alexander Payne, Gus Van Sant, Alfonso Cuaron, Wes Craven, Walter Salles, Tom Tykwer, and actors such as Elijah Wood, Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe, Natalie Portman, Nick Nolte, Gena Rowlands, Gérard Depardieu participated in this film.

Paris, je t'aime was the opportunity to give some of the first lead roles on screen to Olga Kurylenko, Leïla Bekhti and Aïssa Maïga, and to produce the first short film of the Coen brothers.

New York, I Love You

Following Paris, je t'aime, New York, I Love You is the second episode of the Cities of Love series. Directors of the segments include Jiang Wen, Mira Nair, Shunji Iwai, Yvan Attal, Brett Ratner, Allen Hughes, Shekhar Kapur, Natalie Portman, Fatih Akın, Joshua Marston and Randy Balsmeyer. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Justin Bartha, Andy García, Hayden Christensen, Rachel Bilson, Natalie Portman, Irrfan Khan, Emilie Ohana, Orlando Bloom, Christina Ricci, Maggie Q, Ethan Hawke, Anton Yelchin, James Caan, Olivia Thirlby, Blake Lively, Drea de Matteo, Julie Christie, John Hurt, Shia LaBeouf, Uğur Yücel, Taylor Geare, Carlos Acosta, Jacinda Barrett, Shu Qi, Burt Young, Chris Cooper, Robin Wright Penn, Eva Ammuri, Eli Wallach and Cloris Leachman.

In the Diamond District, an intercultural romantic fantasy transforms the purchase of a precious stone. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, a desperate artist pursues a reluctant muse. Within an Upper East Side hotel, a sophisticated guest and a mysterious bellboy journey outside of time. After an unexpected night in Central Park, a young man's prom date has a surprising revelation. Traveling towards the Village, two lovers speed by taxi, subway and foot to meet for the first time after what they thought was a one-night stand. In Tribeca, a pickpocket finds the tables turned when he follows an alluring girl. And in Brooklyn, a moment of Coney Island bliss envelops an octogenarian couple. These stories and more are all woven together to form a colorful, lyrical collage not only of the city – but of the deep yearning for love and human connections that sustain everyone within it.

New York, I Love You was the opportunity that gave Bradley Cooper's first lead role on screen, and also produced the first short films directed by Natalie Portman and  Scarlett Johansson.

References

External links
Cities of Love Franchise website (Archived)
"Producer Emmanuel Benbihy on New York, I Love You", studio daily, Bryant Frazer, 16 October 2009
"Speed Dating With Emmanuel Benbihy", Interview, Francesca Mari, 19 October 2009

French film producers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1969 births


Emily Noor (born 5 March 1971 in Someren) is a Dutch professional table tennis player.

Career highlights

Summer Olympic Games
1996, Atlanta, women's doubles, 1st round
World Championships
1987, New Delhi, women's doubles, last 32
1987, New Delhi, team competition, 4th
1989, Dortmund, mixed doubles, last 32
1991, Chiba, women's doubles, last 16
1991, Chiba, mixed doubles, last 32
World Team Cup:
1994, Nîmes, 3rd
Pro Tour Meetings
1996, Kitaku-Shu, women's doubles, quarter final
1996, Fort Lauderdale, women's singles, quarter final
1997, Luon, women's doubles, quarter final
European Championships
1990, Gothenburg, women's singles, last 16
1996, Bratislava, women's doubles, runner-up

External links
 ITTF Profile

1971 births
Living people
Dutch female table tennis players
Olympic table tennis players for the Netherlands
People from Someren
Table tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from North Brabant


Sydney George Smith  (19 January 1879 – 21 May 1943) was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party and then the National Party, and a cabinet minister.

Early life

Smith was born in New Plymouth in 1879. His parents were the MHR Edward Smith and Mary Ann Golding. He enjoyed rugby during his youth, and later became an administrator for the sport for the Taranaki Region.

On 19 November 1901, he married Elsie Rose Herbert (known as Rose) at St Mary's Church in New Plymouth. She was a daughter of G H Herbert of the Royal Engineers. They had three children: Rosa Maud (b. 1902), Ethel Mary (b. 1905), and Edward George (b. 1906). His wife died on 3 April 1913, aged 35.

Smith remarried on 25 February 1915, to Catherine (Kate) Bint, again at St Mary's Church. Kate Bint was born in July 1892 at Tarata in Taranaki, some  by road west of Inglewood. He had a further three children from his second marriage: Raymond Sydney (1916–1944), Harry Allman (1918–1998), and Lorna Hazel (b. 1922).

He worked in the New Zealand Railways for 20 years, and for 13 years held office in the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants.

Political career

Smith held various offices with trade unions. He was on the New Plymouth Borough Council. He had interests in education.

Smith successfully contested the Taranaki electorate in a by-election in  (following the death of Henry Okey) as an Independent Labour candidate. Smith sat together with the other Labour MPs in Parliament but always stressed his independence. Soon after entering the house MP Charles Wilkinson referred to Labour Party leader Alfred Hindmarsh as the "leader" of Smith. In reply Smith said "You leave the member for Taranaki alone, he will choose his own leader."

He was confirmed at the , and in  successfully stood as a Liberal–Labour candidate. In 1925 he stood unsuccessfully for New Plymouth for the Liberal Party. He was successful in  and returned to Parliament for the United Party until he was defeated at the  by Labour candidate Fred Frost.

Smith was Minister of Labour and Minister of Mines in the United Government from 28 May 1930 to 22 September 1931. He was Minister of Education in the United–Reform Coalition from 22 November 1934 to 6 December 1935. He was Chairman of Committees from 11 December 1928 to 28 May 1930, and again from 27 October 1931 to 12 February 1935.

In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.

Death
Smith, who was known as Sid to his friends, died on 21 May 1943 at New Plymouth, and was buried at Te Henui Cemetery. He was survived by his second wife and his six children. All three of his sons were at the time serving overseas in World War II. His son Raymond was killed on 24 December 1943 by a sniper in Italy.

Notes

References

|-

|-

|-

1879 births
1943 deaths
Independent MPs of New Zealand
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
United Party (New Zealand) MPs
New Zealand education ministers
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1938 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1925 New Zealand general election
Burials at Te Henui Cemetery
New Zealand people in rail transport


The Qatar national handball team is controlled by the Qatar Handball Association and take part in international handball competitions.

Qatar holds the distinction of being the only non-European side to reach the final of the Men’s World Handball Championship, when they finished as runners-up at the 2015 edition, losing to France on home soil.

Honours
 Asian Men's Handball Championship:
Winners: 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022

 Asian Games:
Winners: 2014, 2018

Results

Summer Olympics
 2016 – 8th place

World Championship
 2003 – 16th place
 2005 – 21st place
 2007 – 23rd place
 2013 – 20th place
 2015 – 2nd place
 2017 – 8th place
 2019 – 13th place
 2021 – 8th place
 2023 – 22nd place

Asian Championship
 1983 – 6th place
 1987 – 6th place
 1989 – 6th place
 1991 – 4th place
 1993 – 7th place
 2002 – 2nd place
 2004 – 3rd place
 2006 – 3rd place
 2008 – 5th place
 2010 – 5th place
 2012 – 2nd place
 2014 – 1st place
 2016 – 1st place
 2018 – 1st place
 2020 – 1st place
 2022 – 1st place

Current squad
Squad for the 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.

Head coach: Valero Rivera López

Controversy

Player naturalisation
The Qatari national team naturalized a large number of foreign players to their squad for the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship.

According to IHF rules, to gain eligibility for a new national team, a player cannot have played for another nation for three years in an official match. This allowed several foreign-born players, including Spanish-born Borja Vidal, Goran Stojanović and Jovo Damjanović from Montenegro, and Bertrand Roiné who previously played for France, to play for the Qatar team at the championship.

Head of the Qatar Handball Federation, Ahmed Mohammed Abdulrab Al Shaabi, acknowledged the policy in a statement in June 2013, saying "We're a small nation with limited human resources, so we had to bring players from outside in the past." He also announced an end to the policy at the time, adding however that they "[might] make an exception only in the case of an experienced goalkeeper." In January 2014, Danish sports agent Mads Winther said he had met with "contacts involved with Qatar" regarding the possibility of naturalising Danish players.

The practice was criticised by Austrian goalkeeper Thomas Bauer after his team's loss to Qatar in the quarter-final, saying "It [felt] like playing against a world selection team" and "I think it is not the sense of a world championship." At a press conference during the championship, Qatar head coach Valero Rivera declined to comment on the matter. Spanish player Joan Cañellas did not think it was an issue, saying "If they can do it, why not."

After the controversial semi-final against Poland, and reaching the final as a result, the practice was even more criticised, with players such as Danijel Šarić having now represented four different national teams.

Paid fans
Qatar flew in about 60 Spanish fans to cheer for Qatar during the 2015 World Championship.

Refereeing favouritism
The referees were widely accused of being one-sided in favour of Qatar during its biggest success, 2nd place in the 2015 World Championship. Especially at the last-16 encounter against Austria, the quarterfinal against Germany and the semi-final against Poland. After the final whistle, the Polish players showed their disgust by sarcastically applauding the three referees.

References

External links

IHF profile

Handball in Qatar
Men's national handball teams
Handball


Marine vertebrates are vertebrates that live in marine environments. These are the marine fish and the marine tetrapods (primarily seabirds, marine reptiles, and marine mammals). Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates that have a vertebral column (backbone). The vertebral column provides the central support structure for an internal skeleton. The internal skeleton gives shape, support, and protection to the body and can provide a means of anchoring fins or limbs to the body. The vertebral column also serves to house and protect the spinal cord that lies within the column.

Marine vertebrates can be divided into two groups, marine fish and marine tetrapods.

Marine fish

Fish fall into two main groups: fish with bony internal skeletons and fish with cartilaginous internal skeletons. Fish anatomy and physiology generally includes a two-chambered heart, eyes adapted to seeing underwater, and a skin protected by scales and mucous. They typically breathe by extracting oxygen from water through gills. Fish use fins to propel and stabilise themselves in the water. Over 33,000 species of fish have been described as of 2017, of which about 20,000 are marine fish.

Jawless fish
Hagfish form a class of about 20 species of eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column. Lampreys form a superclass containing 38 known extant species of jawless fish. The adult lamprey is characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. Although they are well known for boring into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood, only 18 species of lampreys are actually parasitic. Together hagfish and lampreys are the sister group to vertebrates. Living hagfish remain similar to hagfish from around 300 million years ago. The lampreys are a very ancient lineage of vertebrates, though their exact relationship to hagfishes and jawed vertebrates is still a matter of dispute. Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense. Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common taxon of craniata.

Pteraspidomorphi is an extinct class of early jawless fish ancestral to jawed vertebrates. The few characteristics they share with the latter are now considered as primitive for all vertebrates.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays, have jaws and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. Megalodon is an extinct species of shark that lived about 28 to 1.5 Ma. It looked much like a stocky version of the great white shark, but was much larger with fossil lengths reaching . Found in all oceans it was one of the largest and most powerful predators in vertebrate history, and probably had a profound impact on marine life.  The Greenland shark has the longest known lifespan of all vertebrates, about 400 years.

Bony fish

Bony fish have jaws and skeletons made of bone rather than cartilage. About 90% of the world's fish species are bony fish. Bony fish also have hard, bony plates called operculum which help them respire and protect their gills, and they often possess a swim bladder which they use for better control of their buoyancy.

Bony fish can be further divided into those with lobe fins and those with ray fins. Lobe fins have the form of fleshy lobes supported by bony stalks which extend from the body. Lobe fins evolved into the legs of the first tetrapod land vertebrates, so by extension an early ancestor of humans was a lobe-finned fish. Apart from the coelacanths and the lungfishes, lobe-finned fishes are now extinct. The rest of the modern fish have ray fins. These are made of webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays) which can be erected to control the fin stiffness.

Marine tetrapods

A tetrapod (Greek for four feet) is a vertebrate with limbs (feet). Tetrapods evolved from ancient lobe-finned fishes about 400 million years ago during the Devonian Period when their earliest ancestors emerged from the sea and adapted to living on land. This change from a body plan for breathing and navigating in gravity-neutral water to a body plan with mechanisms enabling the animal to breath in air without dehydrating and move on land is one of the most profound evolutionary changes known. Tetrapods can be divided into four classes: amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Marine tetrapods are tetrapods that returned from land back to the sea again. The first returns to the ocean may have occurred as early as the Carboniferous Period whereas other returns occurred as recently as the Cenozoic, as in cetaceans, pinnipeds, and several modern amphibians.

Amphibians
Amphibians (Greek for both kinds of life) live part of their life in water and part on land. They mostly require fresh water to reproduce. A few inhabit brackish water, but there are no true marine amphibians. There have been reports, however, of amphibians invading marine waters, such as a Black Sea invasion by the natural hybrid Pelophylax esculentus reported in 2010.

Reptiles

Reptiles (Late Latin for creeping or crawling) do not have an aquatic larval stage, and in this way are unlike amphibians. Most reptiles are oviparous, although several species of squamates are viviparous, as were some extinct aquatic clades — the fetus develops within the mother, contained in a placenta rather than an eggshell. As amniotes, reptile eggs are surrounded by membranes for protection and transport, which adapt them to reproduction on dry land. Many of the viviparous species feed their fetuses through various forms of placenta analogous to those of mammals, with some providing initial care for their hatchlings.

Some reptiles are more closely related to birds than other reptiles, and many scientists prefer to make Reptilia a monophyletic group which includes the birds. Extant non-avian reptiles which inhabit or frequent the sea include sea turtles, sea snakes, terrapins, the marine iguana, and the saltwater crocodile. Currently, of the approximately 12,000 extant reptile species and sub-species, only about 100 of are classed as marine reptiles.

Except for some sea snakes, most extant marine reptiles are oviparous and need to return to land to lay their eggs. Apart from sea turtles, the species usually spend most of their lives on or near land rather than in the ocean. Sea snakes generally prefer shallow waters nearby land, around islands, especially waters that are somewhat sheltered, as well as near estuaries. Unlike land snakes, sea snakes have evolved flattened tails which help them swim.

Some extinct marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, evolved to be viviparous and had no requirement to return to land. Ichthyosaurs resembled dolphins. They first appeared about 245 million years ago and disappeared about 90 million years ago. The terrestrial ancestor of the ichthyosaur had no features already on its back or tail that might have helped along the evolutionary process. Yet the ichthyosaur developed a dorsal and tail fin which improved its ability to swim. The biologist Stephen Jay Gould said the ichthyosaur was his favourite example of convergent evolution. The earliest marine reptiles arose in the Permian. During the Mesozoic many groups of reptiles became adapted to life in the seas, including ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians. Marine reptiles were less numerous after mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.

Birds

Marine birds are adapted to life within the marine environment. They are often called seabirds. While marine birds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding niches have resulted in similar adaptations. Examples include albatross, penguins, gannets, and auks.

In general, marine birds live longer, breed later and have fewer young than terrestrial birds do, but they invest a great deal of time in their young. Most species nest in colonies, which can vary in size from a few dozen birds to millions. Many species are famous for undertaking long annual migrations, crossing the equator or circumnavigating the Earth in some cases. They feed both at the ocean's surface and below it, and even feed on each other. Marine birds can be highly pelagic, coastal, or in some cases spend a part of the year away from the sea entirely. Some marine birds plummet from heights, plunging through the water leaving vapour-like trails, similar to that of fighter planes. Gannets plunge into the water at up to 100 kilometres per hour (60 mph). They have air sacs under their skin in their face and chest which act like bubble-wrap, cushioning the impact with the water.

The first marine birds evolved in the Cretaceous period, and modern marine bird families emerged in the Paleogene.

Mammals

Mammals (from Latin for breast) are characterised by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young. There are about 130 living and recently extinct marine mammal species such as seals, dolphins, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. They do not represent a distinct taxon or systematic grouping, but are instead unified by their reliance on the marine environment for feeding. Both cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic and therefore are obligate water dwellers. Seals and sea-lions are semiaquatic; they spend the majority of their time in the water, but need to return to land for important activities such as mating, breeding and molting. In contrast, both otters and the polar bear are much less adapted to aquatic living. Their diet varies considerably as well: some may eat zooplankton; others may eat fish, squid, shellfish, and sea-grass; and a few may eat other mammals.

In a process of convergent evolution, marine mammals such as dolphins and whales redeveloped their body plan to parallel the streamlined fusiform body plan of pelagic fish. Front legs became flippers and back legs disappeared, a dorsal fin reappeared and the tail morphed into a powerful horizontal fluke.  This body plan is an adaptation to being an active predator in a high drag environment. A parallel convergence occurred with the now extinct ichthyosaur.

See also
Marine habitat
Marine invertebrate
Marine life

References

Marine biology
Biological oceanography


A tollhouse or toll house is a building with accommodation for a toll collector, beside a tollgate on a toll road, canal, or toll bridge.

History
Many tollhouses were built by turnpike trusts in England, Wales and Scotland during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Those built in the early 19th century often had a distinctive bay front to give the pikeman a clear view of the road and to provide a display area for the tollboard. In 1840, according to the Turnpike Returns in Parliamentary Papers, there were over 5,000 tollhouses operating in England. These were sold off in the 1880s when the turnpikes were closed. Many were demolished but several hundred have survived for residential or other use, with distinctive features of the old tollhouses still visible.

Canal toll houses were built in very similar style to those on turnpikes. They are sited at major canal locks or at junctions. The great age of canal-building in Britain was in the 18th century, so the majority exhibit the typical features of vernacular Georgian architecture. In the English Midlands, a major area of 18th century canal development, most are of mellow red brick and hexagonal in plan, and tall enough to give the lock keeper a good view of local traffic on the canal. Being small, most have proved unsuitable for occupation, and so are often used as shops or tourist information outlets.

The manager's office in modern toll plazas in the United States is also referred to as a "toll house" even though it is not used as a residence.

Gallery

See also

Tollkeeper's cottages in Ontario
Tholsel, from the English word tolsey
Tollbooth

References

Bibliography
Tollhouses in England:
 Haynes, R. & Slocombe, I. (2004) Wiltshire Toll Houses, publ. Hobnob Press, Salisbury. ()
 Kanefsky, J. (1976) Devon Tollhouses, Exeter Ind Arch. Group, University of Exeter ()
 Jenkinson, T, Taylor, P (2009) The Toll-houses of South Devon, Polystar Press ()
 Jenkinson, T, Taylor, P (2010) The Toll-houses of North Devon, Polstar Press (
 Searle, M. (1930), Turnpikes and Toll-bars, publ. Hutchinson
 Taylor, P. (2001) The Toll-houses of Cornwall, publ. The Federation of Old Cornwall Societies. ()
 Taylor, P  (2010) The Toll-houses of Essex, Polystar Press (
 Ward, M & A (2011) The Toll House, Medlar Press, Shropshire ()

External links
 British Tollhouses has photographs and maps of some surviving tollhouses in Britain
 English tollhouse database

House
House types in the United Kingdom
Transport buildings and structures
Road infrastructure


is a Japanese former professional racing cyclist. He retired at the end of the 2008 season. His brother, Shinichi Fukushima, is also a professional cyclist.

Career highlights

 2003: 3rd in General Classification GP Chantal Biya (Cameroon)
 2003: 3rd in Stage 2 Tour de Taiwan, Taitung (Taiwan)
 2003: 2nd in Stage 5 Tour de Taiwan, Shih Kang Dam (Taiwan)
 2004: 1st in Stage 3 Paths of King Nikola, Kotor
 2004: 1st in Stage 1 Ronde van Servië, Banja Koviljaca (Loznica) (Serbia)
 2004: 1st in General Classification Ronde van Servië (Serbia)
 2004: 2nd in Stage 1 Tour of China, Beijing (China)
 2004: 1st in Stage 3 Tour of China, Beijing (China)
 2004: 1st in General Classification Tour of China (China)
 2005: 1st in Prologue Tour of Siam, Chiang Mai (Thailand)
 2005: 2nd in Stage 1 Tour of Siam, Phrae (Thailand)
 2005: 1st in Stage 3 Le Tour de Langkawi, Tanah Merah (Malaysia)
 2005: 1st in Best Asian Riders Classifications (Blue Jersey) Le Tour de Langkawi (Malaysia)
 2005: 3rd in Stage 1 Circuit de Lorraine, Nancy (France)
 2005: 2nd in General Classification Circuit de Lorraine (France)
 2006: 2nd in Stage 1 Tour of Siam, Bangkok circuit (Thailand)
 2006: 3rd in Stage 2 Tour of Siam, Prachuap Khiri Khan (Thailand)
 2006: 1st in General Classification Boucles de la Mayenne (France)
 2006: 3rd in Stage 4 Tour d'Indonesia, Solo (Indonesia)
 2007: 1st in Stage 2 Tour of Siam, Si Nakharindra Dam (Thailand)

External links

1973 births
Living people
Japanese male cyclists


Pellegrini is a town on the western border of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Pellegrini Partido.

The town is named in honour of Carlos Pellegrini (1846-1906), who served as Governor of Buenos Aires, and as President of Argentina.

Economy
The local economy is dominated by agriculture and farming, the main products of the region are cereals, vegetable oils, beef, dairy products, pork, deer and honey. Other industries include construction and services.

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria has a campus in Pellegrini.

External links

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province


Elena Timina (born 8 May 1969) is a Russian-born Dutch professional table tennis player. She was born in Moscow, Soviet Union.

Career highlights

Summer Olympic Games
1992, Barcelona, women's singles, 1st round
1992, Barcelona, women's doubles, quarter final
1996, Atlanta, women's singles, 1st round
1996, Atlanta, women's doubles, quarter final
2012, London, women's team, quarter final
World Championships
1989, Dortmund, women's doubles, last 16
1993, Gothenburg, team competition, 5th
1995, Tianjin, women's doubles, quarter final
1995, Tianjin, team competition, 9th
1997, Manchester, women's doubles, last 16
1997, Manchester, team competition, 9th
World Team Cup
1990, Hokkaidō, 5th
1991, Barcelona, 9th
1994, Nîmes, 1st
1995, Atlanta, 5th
World Doubles Cup:
1992, Las Vegas, women's doubles, quarter final
Pro Tour Meetings
1996, Kettering, women's singles, semi final
1996, Kettering, women's doubles, quarter final
1996, Bolzano, women's doubles, quarter final
1998, Doha, women's doubles, semi final
1998, Zagreb, women's doubles, quarter final
2007, Velenje, women's doubles, semi final
European Championships
1990, Gothenburg, women's singles, last 16
1990, Gothenburg, women's doubles, runner-up
1992, Stuttgart, women's singles, last 16
1992, Stuttgart, women's doubles, semi final
1994, Birmingham, women's singles, last 16
1994, Birmingham, women's doubles, runner-up
1994, Birmingham, team competition, 1st
1996, Bratislava, women's singles, last 16
1998, Eindhoven, women's singles, last 16
2008 – 2011, European Champion team tournament
European Youth Championships
1983, Malmö, women's doubles, runner up  (cadet)
1986, Louvin La Neuve, women's singles, semi final (juniors)
European Top-12 Championships
1992, Vienna, 5th
1993, Copenhagen, 9th
1994, Arezzo, 11th
1995, Dijon, 9th
1996, Charleroi, 11th
1997, Eindhoven, 9th

References

External links

Dutch female table tennis players
Russian female table tennis players
Sportspeople from Moscow
Soviet table tennis players
Living people
1969 births
Olympic table tennis players for the Unified Team
Olympic table tennis players for Russia
Olympic table tennis players for the Netherlands
Table tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Russian emigrants to the Netherlands


UAM Creoula or NTM Creoula is a training ship of the Portuguese Navy, built in 1937 in the Companhia União Fabril (CUF) shipyards in Lisbon for the Parceria Geral de Pescarias fishing company. From 1937 to 1973 she was used in a total of 37 cod fishing campaigns in Newfoundland and Greenland, for a total of 300.000 nautical miles. Between 1973 and 1979 she remained moored in Lisbon. She was then bought by the Secretariat of State for Fisheries to become a fishing museum. However, during the repairs it was noticed that the hull was in excellent condition, so it was decided that the ship should sail again. She was converted into a Portuguese Navy training ship in 1987. The boat's coat of arms consists of two silver cod fish in an azure field under a granny knot.

Notes

Citations

References

External links
NTM Creoula Official Site
The White Fleet: The Voyage of the Creoula, by The National, CBC News, 1998.

1937 ships
Training ships of the Portuguese Navy
Ships built in Portugal


Paul Hâldan (born 12 April 1965 in Craiova, Romania) is a Romanian-born  Dutch professional table tennis player.

After a match in the Netherlands in 1983, Hâldan defected, resulting in a 2-year ban for international matches instigated by the Romanian table tennis federation. Only after obtaining his Dutch citizenship in 1986/87 could he participate again internationally, resulting in a relative short career.

Career highlights

Summer Olympic Games
1992, Barcelona, men's singles, last 16
World Championships
1991, Chiba, men's singles, last 32
1993, Gothenburg, men's singles, last 32
World Team Cup:
1990, Hokkaidō, 5th
European Championships
1988, Paris, men's singles, quarter final
1990, Gothenburg, men's singles, quarter final
European Top-12 Championships
1991, Den Bosch, 11th

References

External links
 ITTF Profile

1965 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Craiova
Romanian emigrants to the Netherlands
Dutch male table tennis players
Romanian male table tennis players
Table tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Romanian defectors


William Blair Tennent  (4 December 1898 – 1 May 1976), known as Blair Tennent, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party and a cabinet minister. In Palmerston North he was a dentist, and a local body politician.

Early life
Tennent was born at Greymouth on 4 December 1898 to Elizabeth Blair and her husband, David Tennent. He was dux at Greymouth District High School.

Local body politics
Tennent was a councillor for Palmerston North City Council from 1933 to 1941. He was Mayor of Palmerston North from 1956 to 1959.

He was on the Board of Governors for Palmerston North Boys' High School, and in 1954 led the conservative opposition to the appointment of Guthrie Wilson to head either Palmerston North Boys' High School or Freyberg High School because of the frank and sexually explicit language in his novels.

Member of Parliament

Tennent represented the Palmerston North electorate from 1949 to 1954, when he was defeated by Philip Skoglund. He then represented the Manawatu electorate from 1957 to 1966, when he retired.

He was Minister of Education in the Second National Government from 1960 to 1963.

In 1953, Tennent was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

Later life
He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services in politics and education, in the 1973 New Year Honours. Tennent died at his home in Palmerston North on 1 May 1976.

References

Further reading

|-

1898 births
1976 deaths
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Mayors of Palmerston North
People from Greymouth
New Zealand education ministers
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
New Zealand dentists
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1954 New Zealand general election
Chancellors of Massey University
Palmerston North City Councillors
People educated at Greymouth High School
20th-century dentists


Harijs Mellups (1927–1950) was a Latvian football and ice hockey player. Mellups died in the 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash at age 23.

Biography
Mellups came from Sarkandaugava in Riga where he played football in the streets and ice hockey on a frozen river in the winter. His first football club was Aldaris for which Mellups played as a left side forward. In addition to football Mellups played basketball, was an ice hockey goalkeeper and also competed in boxing. In boxing aged 18 Mellups was nominated for the Latvia national team. In 1945 he was the champion of Riga in his weight division.

However, by 1945 Mellups had decided to pursue his career in two sports: ice hockey and football.

In 1945 with FK Dinamo Rīga Mellups won the Latvian championship in football. Mellups had a very good goal sense and was highly skilled in playing one-on-one. In 1946 with Dinamo Rīga he also won the Latvian championship in ice hockey, as a goalkeeper with Dinamo he allowed just 3 goals in the entire season.

In 1949 he transferred to Moscow where he also played both football and hockey on the highest level. Every year from 1947 Mellups was selected in the symbolic selection of best players of the Soviet ice hockey league. Mellups died in an airplane crash together with Roberts Šūlmanis and several other ice hockey players.

1927 births
1950 deaths
Ice hockey people from Riga
Latvian ice hockey players
Latvian men's footballers
Soviet ice hockey players
Dinamo Riga players
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1950
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Footballers from Riga
Soviet men's footballers


Crime in Afghanistan is present in various forms, and includes the following: corruption, contract killings or assassinations, bombings, kidnapping, drug trafficking, money laundering, black marketeering, and ordinary crimes such as theft and assault.

Opium cultivation

Opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking have important role in the political and economic situation of Afghanistan for last twenty-five years. In the aftermath of the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, opium poppy cultivation increased in the nation. Many mujahideen commanders taxed opium poppy cultivation, even directly participated in illicit drug trade for military financing. Although the Taliban condemned cultivation of narcotic substances, requirements of money encouraged toleration and taxation of drug cultivation. In 1999, Afghanistan produced a peak of over 4,581 metric tons of raw and refined opium. This led to increasing international pressure from states having consumer population of Afghan drugs. In response, the Taliban banned opium poppy cultivation in late 2000, but allowed the opium trade to continue. Under the ban, opium poppy cultivation was reduced to 185 metric tons. This little production of opium continued in areas under the control of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan.

Since the downfall of the Taliban in 2001, cultivation and trafficking of opium has increased significantly. Throughout the country regional militia commanders, criminal organizations and corrupt government officials have engaged in drug trafficking as a source of revenue. Some anti-government groups make profit from the drug trafficking. Due to these factors, drug trafficking increases political instability in the nation, and is a threat to the country's weak internal security and embryonic democratic government.

Afghanistan is the world's largest producer of opium and in 2001, Afghanistan was the source of 87% of the world's illicit opium. 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from opium produced in Afghanistan. According to Antonio Maria Costa "drugs are now a clear and present danger" in Afghanistan. According to a survey in 2007 by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 93% of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan.

Other illegal markets
The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime's report in April 2023 highlights that analyses of the connection between Afghanistan's illicit economy and conflict have been narrowly focused on the opium economy and its by-products, while ignoring the diversified nature of the country's illegal markets, which includes sectors like illegal mining, the wildlife trade, and arms trafficking. The ephedra economy as a key ingredient in crystal meth is also a contentious issue with varying opinions on its significance, though UN agencies tend to downplay its relevance, and some independent analysts suggest that it is unlikely to replace the higher quality South East Asian meth. These various sectors are crucial to the crime-conflict nexus in Afghanistan and require greater attention.

Social conditions

Unemployment among a large portion of the population and rudimentary basic services are major factors behind crime. Other forms of crime include robbery as well as kidnappings and assault. Many riots have occurred in the country in response to various political and other issues.

Kabul

Since the downfall of the Taliban, the crime rate has significantly increased in the capital city Kabul. Armed robberies are regularly reported in the western districts of Kabul. Between March 2002 and January 2003, 48 cases of homicide, 80 cases of theft and 12 cases of kidnappings were reported within Kabul municipal boundaries.

Terrorism

Terrorist attacks, including mass shootings and suicide bombings, have occurred many times since the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. They are carried out by the Taliban and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province.

See also

 Alcohol in Afghanistan
 Corruption in Afghanistan
 Law enforcement in Afghanistan
 Law of Afghanistan

References


Pila is a small town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Pila Partido.

External links

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province


Gilshochill ( ; ) is located to the north west of Maryhill in the City of Glasgow, Scotland. Immediately north of Maryhill basin and Maryhill locks, it is the district where the Bowling and Port Dundas branches of the Forth and Clyde Canal meet each other, at Stockingfield Junction. Situated on a hill overlooking Glasgow, its highest point sits at an elevation of about 150 metres above sea level. Gilshochill is spread over the area around Sandbank Street, bordering the areas of Cadder and Summerston. It falls under the G20 area postal code. It is served by Gilshochill railway station. A new footbridge connecting the area with Ruchill and providing a better link to Maryhill, was installed at Stockingfield Junction in 2022.

Gilshochill comprises semi-detached privately owned homes set in private housing estates overlooking Glasgow, some Victorian, 16th- and 17th-century buildings. There are also several towers, such as the 20-storey high rise tower blocks at Glenavon road and some tenements.

Gilshochill is set in one of the oldest areas in Maryhill; one of the oldest churches in the area is found here, dating from the late 17th century. Some houses built around the same time can also be found there.

There are also a very large number of council dwellings in this area. Some are scheduled for demolition in the future.

See also
Forth to Firth Canal Pathway
Glasgow tower blocks

References

External links
Gilshochill at Gazetteer for Scotland

Areas of Glasgow
Maryhill


The bibliography of Flannery O'Connor includes two novels, more than thirty short stories, and several collections.

Novels
 Wise Blood (1952)
 The Violent Bear It Away (1960)

Collections
 A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories (1955)
 Three (1962)
 Everything That Rises Must Converge (1965)
 The Complete Stories (1971)
 Flannery O'Connor: Collected Works (1988)
 Flannery O'Connor: The Cartoons (2012)

Short stories
 "The Geranium" (1946)
 "The Barber" (1948)
 "Wildcat" (1970)
 "The Crop" (1971)
 "The Turkey", "The Capture" (1948)
 "The Train" (1948)
 "The Peeler" (1949)
 "The Heart of the Park" (1949)
 "A Stroke of Good Fortune", "A Woman on the Stairs" (1949)
 "Enoch and the Gorilla" (1952)
 "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" (1953)
 "A Late Encounter with the Enemy" (1953)
 "The Life You Save May Be Your Own" (1953)
 "The River" (1953)
 "A Circle in the Fire" (1954)
 "The Displaced Person" (1954)
 "A Temple of the Holy Ghost" (1954)
 "The Artificial Nigger" (1955)
 "Good Country People" (1955)
 "You Can't Be Any Poorer Than Dead" (1955)
 "Greenleaf" (1956)
 "A View of the Woods" (1957)
 "The Enduring Chill" (1958)
 "The Comforts of Home" (1960)
 "Everything That Rises Must Converge" (1961)
 "The Partridge Festival" (1961)
 "The Lame Shall Enter First" (1962)
 "Why Do the Heathen Rage?" (1963)
 "Revelation" (1964)
 "Parker's Back" (1965)
 "Judgement Day" (1965)
 "An Afternoon in the Woods" (1988)

Non-fiction, letters, interviews
 Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose (1969)
 The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery O'Connor (1979)
 The Presence of Grace: and Other Book Reviews (1983)
 The Correspondence of Flannery O'Connor and the Brainard Cheneys (1986)
 Conversations with Flannery O'Connor (1989)
 The Manuscripts of Flannery O'Connor at Georgia College (1989)
 A Prayer Journal (2013)
 Good Things out of Nazareth: The Uncollected Letters of Flannery O'Connor and Friends (2019)

Notes

References

Bibliographies by writer
Bibliographies of American writers
Christian bibliographies


Standard Greek may refer to:
Attic Greek, the main Greek dialect that was spoken in ancient Attica, which includes Athens
Koiné Greek, also known as Alexandrian dialect, common Attic or Hellenistic Greek, the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during Hellenistic and Roman antiquity
Katharevousa, a form of the Modern Greek language conceived in the early 19th century as a compromise between Ancient Greek and the Demotic Greek of the time
Demotic Greek, the modern vernacular form of the Greek language, the form of the language that evolved naturally from Ancient Greek, which became the official standard in 1976
Standard Modern Greek

See also
Greek language question


Babel Fish are a Norwegian pop rock band  from Oslo formed in the late 1980s. The band's members are Tarjei van Ravens (vocals, guitar), Halvor Holter (keyboards, vocals), Odd Jensen (drums), and Simon Malm (bass), the first three as co-founders.

Babel Fish were influenced by artists such as The Beatles, Crowded House, and Kate Bush; they were a classic four-piece and their songs emphasized melodies, vocal harmonies, and catchy guitar riffs, featuring a production which combined a classic sound and some less frequent elements, such as Mellotron and recorded vocal samples.

During the first years of the band, the group worked as a cover band and as studio musicians. The 1996 single "Light of Day" was released under the name Daily Planet, one year after the band had signed up with Waterfall Productions. As they were informed that a Swedish band had already been using that name, the group decided on the current name, inspired by the incredible Babel fish from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy books by Douglas Adams.

The band pitched "Light of Day" and "Mania" to international labels, and when Atlantic Records picked them up, their first album Babel Fish was already half finished. The album was released worldwide in 1998. "Mania" became a big success across Europe and was used in a Marlboro commercial and as part of the soundtrack for Dawson's Creek. One year later, however, the band felt sidelined as attention from the record company had diminished, and legal battles ensued to get out of the contract with Atlantic. In the meantime the band had toured much of Europe.

Babel Fish returned to Norway in 2002 after three years abroad, now signed to another Warner subsidiary (Atlantic is also a subsidiary of Warner Music Group), and released the single "Killing Time" and the album Coming Up For Air.

The band won the Spellemannprisen in 1999 for their video of the song "Light of Day".

In 2011, 10 years after their last record came out, they reunited to enter Melodi Grand Prix 2011 with the song "Depend on Me," winning the second Semi-Final.

Albums
Babel Fish (1998)
Coming Up For Air (album) (2002)
Come Closer - The Best of Babel Fish (2011)

Singles

References

External links
 Biography from Norsk pop- og rockleksikon

Norwegian pop rock groups
Warner Music Group artists
Spellemannprisen winners
Musical groups established in the 1980s
Musical groups established in 1988
1980s establishments in Norway
Musical groups from Oslo


Amin Saryana (born June 13, 1977) is an Indonesian former professional racing cyclist.

Major results

 2004
 2nd Overall Tour d'Indonesia
1st Stage 1

External links

1977 births
Living people
Indonesian male cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from Jakarta


Fotbal Club FCSB II (), commonly known as FCSB II is a Romanian football club from Bucharest. The team was founded in 1982 as Steaua Mizil when Colonel Victor Stănculescu received an order from the Minister of Defense to establish a satellite team for Steaua Bucharest, dissolved in 1997 and refounded in 2004 and in 2016. It is the reserve team of FCSB.

History

1982–1997: Steaua Mizil
In 1982, when Colonel Victor Stănculescu received an order from the Minister of Defense to establish a satellite team for Steaua Bucharest. Tică Danilescu was chosen by Victor Stănculescu to be the creator and the man who will take care of the second team and the star academy. The conditions were extraordinary at Mizil. Rapid Mizil would merge with ICIM Ploiești, taking over from it players and the place in the third division, the 1982-83 edition, where it was active. At the end of the next edition of the championship, 1983-84, Steua Mizil promoted to Division B, after an extremely close match with Chimia Brazi. In the first edition, 1984-85, he participated under the name A.S. Mizil, which then changed and became the Steaua Mizil. This team had the same logo as the Steaua Bucharest club.

This club-satellite relationship meant that juniors from the teams of Steaua Bucharest arrived at Mizil year after year for the experience they could get from the tough competition of the Divizia B. At the end of the 1996-97 championship edition, the team was relegated to the third league and disbanding.

2004–present: FCSB II
The team was founded in 2004 under the name Steaua II București  to train younger players. In 2009, it was promoted to Liga II and spent two seasons there, finishing 13th and 14th respectively, before being disbanded. It reappeared in 2016, and was admitted to Liga III to fill the places left unoccupied by the county champions who won the play-off matches and were unable to join the league. The team does not have the right to promotion.

Stadium

Baza Sportivă ARCOM, also known as Baza Sportivă FCSB is a sports complex in Bucharest, Romania. It is currently used only for football matches, is the home ground of FCSB II and FCSB Academy and also used by FCSB for trainings. The football complex was built by George Becali (owner of FCSB) on the place of the former ARCOM Concrete Plant, after his club was kicked out from Steaua Stadium and Ghencea Sports Complex due to the conflict with Ministry of National Defence and CSA Steaua București. The football complex has 4 grounds (3 with a grass pitch and 1 with an artificial turf) and holds 1,000 people.

Honours

Domestic

Leagues
Liga III:
Winners (1): 2008–09 , 1983-84
Runners-up (1): 2020–21

Other performances

 Appearances in Liga II: 15
 Best finish in Liga II: 2nd place in 1992–93

Players

Second team squad

Out on loan

Club officials

Board of directors

Current technical staff

League history

Notes

References

External links

FC Steaua București at UEFA
FC Steaua București at teamsandplayers.com

Association football clubs established in 1982
1982 establishments in Romania
Football clubs in Bucharest

Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs


Low Ji Wen (, born October 27, 1989) is a Singaporean former professional road racing cyclist.

Career

Early life and career
Low was born at Thomson Medical Centre in Singapore to Lee Tang Yin, a general practitioner, and Low Wye Mun, a Sports Medicine physician. His siblings are Ji Zhen, a veterinarian and Ji Yin, an early childhood educator. Low's name, which means "to follow in his father's footsteps", was given to him by his grandfather, Lee Ting Hui, an author and poet.

Low attended Anglo-Chinese School (Junior), Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road) and Anglo-Chinese Junior College. He began cycling professionally in July 2004 and after completing one year of junior college studies, he left the school to focus on his career in cycling. He was previously a member of LeTua Cycling Team and Team Guemsan Ginseng Asia.

Low was crowned 2005 Singapore Men's Junior National Champion in the Under-19 category. He has also competed in the 2005 Southeast Asian Games, 2007 Union Cycliste Internationale Juniors World Road and Track Championships and the Tour of Egat in Thailand, where he posted the best time for LeTua Cycling Team, and ultimately won the team an overall position of fifth place.

In 2009, at the age of 19 years, Low won the Singapore National Road Cycling Championships, beating local riders as well as international cyclists.

Professional racing
During his professional career, he raced in the UCI Asian Pro Circuit races including the Tour de Langkawi, the Tour of Japan, the Tour de Kumano, and the Tour de Korea. He led an exciting breakaway in Stage 8 of the 2013 Tour de Langkawi that was only chased down in the last . He finished sixth at the 2010 Tour de Jakarta, fourth at the 2014 Critérium International de Blida and seventh in the road race at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games.

Personal life
Ji Wen previously owns Red Kite Cycling, providing cycling instruction, cycling training and performance bicycles. His company is based in Singapore. He is currently a brand manager for Decathlon Singapore, he is based in the Bedok outlet. Decathlon is a French sport retail company where they hope to make sports accessible for all type of users.

References

External links

Red Kite Cycling

1989 births
Singaporean sportspeople of Chinese descent
Living people
Singaporean male cyclists


Prince Grigory Sergeyevich Golitsyn (; 20 December 1838 – 28 March 1907) was a Russian general and statesman from the princely Golitsyn family.

Biography
Born on 20 December 1838 (1 January 1839) on the estate Staraya Ves in the Hungrovsky district of the Sedletsk province (another date of birth is also indicated - 20 October 1838 and the place of birth - the village of Garbów, Lublin district, Lublin province) ... His parents: father - Prince Sergei Grigorievich (1803-1868), retired captain of the Guards artillery, writer; mother - Maria Ivanovna, nee Countess Ezerskaya (1819-1881). Brothers and sisters: Julia (1840-1914, maid of honor), Maria (1841-1896, married to the chamberlain of the Austrian court, Count Friedrich Rummerskirch), Catherine (1844-1864), Lev (1845-1915, chief winemaker of the Main Directorate of estates), Fedor (1850-1920, chamberlain, leader of the nobility of the Khvalynsky district of the Saratov province).

Educated in the Page Corps, from where he was released on 16 June 1856 as a cornet in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment.

On 12 May 1858, he was assigned to the headquarters of the Guards Corps to prepare for admission to the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff and on August 25 was admitted; On 12 April 1859, he was promoted to lieutenant and on 17 October 1860, to staff captain. After graduating from the course at the Academy on 18 December 1860, he was appointed to be at the main headquarters of the Caucasian army; On 19 January 1861, he was promoted to captain for advances in science.

In the campaign of 1861, as part of the Adagum detachment of Major General Pavel Babych, he took part in a number of expeditions against the mountaineers. In March–May he was in the Abinsky gorge and was engaged in correcting the roads between the camp of the detachment and the fortifications of Nikolayevsky, Crimean and Olginsky, all these activities were accompanied by numerous skirmishes with the mountaineers. At the end of May, he was on the move to Gelendzhik Bay, and distinguished himself in capturing enemy positions on the Kesegur ridge. For distinction in the campaign, he was awarded on 16 January 1861, the Order of Saint Anna, 3rd degree with swords and a bow.

On 22 January 1862, Golitsyn was promoted to lieutenant colonel and, after serving in the spring and summer in staff positions in Tbilisi, on 16 September, he was transferred to the Life Grenadier Erivan Regiment, where he took the post of commander of the combined rifle battalion.

In the campaign of 1863-1864, which ended the Caucasian War, Golitsyn took part, as part of the same Adagum detachment, in a campaign against the mountaineers of Abkhazia, and from 26 December 1863 to 17 January 1864, he temporarily commanded a regiment. 26 May 1864 dismissed for six months on vacation; On 2 October of the same year he was promoted to colonel.

On 10 December 1865, Golitsyn was appointed commander of the 14th Georgian Grenadier Regiment, which he commanded for six years. For bringing the regiment into exemplary condition on 13 August 1868, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree with swords. On 21 September 1871, he was appointed aide-de-camp to His Imperial Majesty, leaving his post, and the next year, on April 16, he was appointed commander of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment. On 30 August 1873, he was promoted to major general and appointed to the Retinue of His Imperial Majesty. On 26 August 1876 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree.

On 30 August 1876, Golitsyn was appointed military governor and commander of the troops of the Ural region and the chief chieftain of the Ural Cossack army. In September 1880, he temporarily performed the affairs of the Orenburg Governor-General and Commander of the Orenburg Military District; On 26 February 1883 he was promoted to lieutenant general.

Golitsyn fought in the Caucasian War, studied at the General Staff Academy, and commanded several regiments. In 1876, was appointed Governor of Ural Oblast; he later served in a variety of positions in other regions.

He was dismissed from his post as military governor and orderly chieftain and was appointed to be present in the 1st department of the Senate from 5 January 1885.

On 16 January 1892, he was sent to the Tobolsk province to arrange a food unit; in February, for the same purpose, he visited the Shadrinsky, Kamyshlovsky and Yekaterinburg districts of the Perm province and the Troitsky district of the Orenburg province. On 1 January 1893, he was appointed a member of the State Council.

On 14 May 1896, he was promoted to general from infantry, and after the death of SA Sheremetev in December of the same year, he was appointed chief of the Caucasian administration, commander of the Caucasian military district and ataman of the Caucasian Cossack troops; On 2 March 1897, he was appointed adjutant general, leaving his posts.

Golitsyn had a sharply negative attitude towards the Armenian national movement. The journalist A. V. Amfiteatrov has preserved one of the Golitsyn witticisms for history: "I will bring to the point that the only Armenian in Tbilisi will be a stuffed Armenian in the Tiflis Museum!" The unprincipled, but not mediocre publicist Vasily Velichko, editor of the official newspaper Kavkaz, became the main ideologist of the Golitsyn course. G.S. Golitsyn was one of the initiators of the adoption of the law on the confiscation of the property of the Armenian Apostolic Church and on the closure of Armenian schools on 12 June 1903. According to the law, all immovable property (including the territory of the Echmiadzin Monastery) and capital belonging to the Armenian Church and spiritual institutions were transferred to the jurisdiction of the state. From the proceeds from the confiscated property and funds, a share was allocated to their previous owners - Armenian spiritual institutions.

Between 1897 and 1904 Golitsyn was the Governor of Transcaucasia; known as the initiator of the confiscation of the properties of the Armenian Church. He was wounded in an assassination attempt near Tiflis in October 1903.

On 14 October of the same year, General Golitsyn was seriously wounded on the Kojorskoe highway near Tiflis as a result of a terrorist act committed by members of the Armenian Social Democratic Party "Hnchak". On 11 August 1904, Golitsyn was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st degree for his work in managing the Caucasus. Golitsyn remained in the post of chief executive until 1 January 1905, when he was appointed to be with the person of His Imperial Majesty.

After the reform of the State Council (1906), Golitsyn remained its member, was a member of the right-wing group.

He died on 28 March (10 April), 1907 in Saint Petersburg, was buried at the Nikolskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

He was married to the daughter of Lieutenant General Count FV Orlov-Denisov, Maria; they had no children.

References

Imperial Russian Army generals
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
Grigory Sergeyevich
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
1838 births
1907 deaths
Russian military personnel of the Caucasian War
Atamans
1900s in Georgia (country)
Burials at Nikolskoe Cemetery
Nobility from the Russian Empire


Mark Andrew White (born 1 April 1961) is an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician and record producer.

Born in Sheffield, England, White first entered the music industry in the late 1970s as lead vocalist and keyboardist of the electronic band Vice Versa. After releasing one studio album with the band in 1980, Vice Versa member Martin Fry emerged as lead vocalist and the band opted to transform into a new band called ABC. White resigned himself to composing ABC's music while also playing guitar and keyboards before retiring from the music industry a year after the release of their sixth studio album, Abracadabra (1991). As ABC's keyboardist he used a variety of instruments, including the E-mu Emulator, the Yamaha DX7 and the Fairlight CMI.

In 2014, White came out of retirement to reform Vice Versa with Stephen Singleton.

Music career
In the late 1970s, White was a member of ABC's predecessor band, the three-piece electronic band Vice Versa. Other members of the trio were David Sydenham and future ABC saxophonist Stephen Singleton. After being interviewed by future ABC lead vocalist Martin Fry for his fanzine, Modern Drugs, the band members invited Fry to join the band as a keyboardist, and Vice Versa later evolved into ABC.

With Fry in place as lead vocalist and songwriter, Vice Versa changed its name to ABC and changed its sound to a contemporary pop style that at that time led them to be categorised with bands like Duran Duran, Spandau Ballet and the Human League. Between 1982 and 1991, ABC recorded six studio albums, The Lexicon of Love (1982), Beauty Stab (1983), How to Be a ... Zillionaire! (1985), Alphabet City (1987), Up (1989) and Abracadabra (1991), and released a greatest hits compilation album, Absolutely (1990). Together with Fry, White co-wrote and produced a couple of songs on Paul Rutherford's sole solo studio album Oh World (1989), including the single "Get Real". During this time, the band went through numerous personnel changes, with White and Fry being its only permanent members.

Later years
ABC disbanded in 1992, with White retiring from the music industry to pursue an interest in reiki therapy. ABC reformed in 1997 without White, and Fry continued to tour under the band's name despite being its only official member. White declined to participate in VH1's Bands Reunited in 2004, when attempts were made to reform ABC for a one-off performance.

In 2014, White, together with Singleton, compiled the Vice Versa box set, Electrogenesis 1978–1980 which was released on VOD Records. This led to White coming out of retirement to reform the band. In December 2015, the duo released a Christmas single called "Little Drum Machine Boy", which was available to download for free on SoundCloud. They are currently writing and recording new material.

Discography
With Vice Versa

With ABC

References

External links

1961 births
20th-century English singers
21st-century English singers
20th-century English musicians
21st-century English musicians
ABC (band) members
British synth-pop new wave musicians
English keyboardists
English new wave musicians
English pop rock singers
English record producers
English rock guitarists
English male songwriters
Living people
Male new wave singers
Mercury Records artists
Musicians from Sheffield
British pop rock musicians
Sophisti-pop musicians
Synth-pop singers
Vertigo Records artists
Reiki practitioners
English male guitarists


Kellan, also spelt Kellen, is a male given name. Other variations of Kellen or Kellan include Kaelan, Kallen, Keelan, Keilan, Keillan, Kelan, Kelden, Kelle, Kellyn, and Kellin.

People
People with Kellen as a first name include:
Kellen Briggs (born 1983), American hockey player
Kellen Clemens (born 1983), American football player
Kellen Damico (born 1989), American tennis player
Kellen Davis (born 1985), American football player
Kellen Diesch (born 2000), American football player
Kellen Mond (born 1999), American football player
Kellen Moore (born 1989), American football player
Kellen Winslow (born 1957), American football player
Kellen Winslow II (born 1983), American football player
Kellen Goff (born 1995), American voice actor
Kellen Brown (born 1996), British Designer

People with Kellan as a first name include:
Kellan Grady (born 1997), American basketball player
Kellan Lutz (born 1985), American actor
Kellan Quick (born 1983), American football player

People with Kellen as a surname include:
Konrad Kellen (1913–2007), German-born, naturalized American citizen, intelligence analyst

People with Kellin as a first name include:
Kellin Quinn (born 1986), lead singer of American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens

Fiction
 Kellen Tavadon, fictional character in The Obsidian Trilogy novels
 Kellin, alien in Star Trek: Voyager episode "Unforgettable"
 Lucas Kellan, protagonist and player character in Killzone: Shadow Fall video game
 Father Kellan Ashby, character in the TV series Sons of Anarchy

See also
 Kallen
 Kylen

English-language masculine given names
Masculine given names


Vilnis Straume (born 1937 in Riga) is a former Latvian football player.

Biography
In 1956, Straume joined Daugava Rīga - the club for which he played until the end of his footballer career. However, in 1957 he had to serve in the Soviet Army and also played with FK Dinamo Rīga with which he together with future Daugava players Georgijs Smirnovs and Georgijs Gusarenko won the Latvian Cup. Straume was a very hard working defender with one ambition - to play in the Soviet Top League. From 1960 to 1962 he achieved this ambition as Daugava competed in the Soviet Top League. From 1956 to 1966 he played in 308 matches with Daugava and scored one goal.

References

1937 births
Footballers from Riga
Soviet men's footballers
Latvian men's footballers
FC Daugava Riga players
Living people
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Soviet Top League players


Arthur Ellis Kinsella  (15 January 1918 – 4 March 2004) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party, and was a cabinet minister.

Biography

Early life
Kinsella was born at Waikino in 1918. He was educated at Waihi District High School, Waihi School of Mines, University of Auckland, Victoria University of Wellington and Auckland Teachers College; he graduated with MA and Diploma in Education. He was a farmer and teacher before becoming an MP.

In World War II he served with NZ Engineer Forces (7th Field Company) in UK, Middle East and Greece where he was wounded and returned to New Zealand.

Political career

Kinsella was elected as the Member of the rural electorate of Hauraki in the .  He was Minister of Broadcasting (1960–1963) in the second National Government under Keith Holyoake, overseeing the introduction of Television to New Zealand. He was Postmaster-General (1961–1963), and was Minister of Education (1963–1969). He retired from Parliament in 1969 following a bad car crash.

As a minister he enabled private stations on radio and television (rather than limit them to direct state stewardship) via the Broadcasting Corporation amendment bill. He also faced a chronic shortage of telephones in New Zealand with a waiting list of 19,000 in the early 1960s. He lengthened the teacher training period from two years to three and attempted to reduce class sizes. He also established a new medical school in Auckland.

In 1970 Kinsella was granted the right to retain the title of The Honourable for life. In 1971 Kinsella was elected to the Auckland City Council serving one term. Later, in 1983 he was elected to the Wellington City Council He lost his seat three years later but regained a seat following a 1987 by-election.

Later life and death
After his retirement from politics, he was a business consultant before his return to teaching as Principal of the Technical Correspondence Institute.

In the 1992 New Year Honours, Kinsella was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.

Kinsella died in 2004.

Notes

References

|-

|-

|-

1918 births
2004 deaths
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand schoolteachers
University of Auckland alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand education ministers
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Companions of the Queen's Service Order
20th-century New Zealand politicians
Auckland City Councillors
Wellington City Councillors
New Zealand military personnel of World War II
People from Waikato


Imperial Schrade Corp. was an American knife manufacturer of hunting knives, pocketknives,  utility knives, and bayonets during the 20th and early 21st centuries. The consolidation of five forerunner companies, including its namesakes, the Imperial Knife Company, founded 1916, and the Schrade Cutlery Company, founded in 1904, Imperial Schrade manufactured its products in the United States and Ireland and sold through hardware stores, department stores, and on military bases. The original company's fortunes declined and in 2004 it entered into bankruptcy where all equipment and intellectual property was sold off to reimburse creditors. The name and intellectual property (but not the factory nor equipment) was bought by Taylor Brands and used for marketing purposes.

History

Imperial Knife
The Imperial Knife Company had its roots at the Empire Knife Company in Winsted, Connecticut. In 1916, two men named Felix and Michael Mirando moved from Frosolone Molise in Italy to Providence, Rhode Island to be near its jewelry industry and began making skeletons for “waldemar,” or pocket watch chain knives. With their friend Domenic Fazzano as manager, they established the Imperial Knife Company, which would at one point grow to be the largest knife manufacturer in the United States. The company developed a number of successful innovations in the manufacture of commercial value-priced folding pocket knives.

In 1941, Albert M. Baer purchased the Ulster Knife Company (which was founded in Ellenville, New York, in the 1870s) and merged it with the Imperial Knife Company and designated this new business as the Imperial Knife Associated Companies, to produce knives for the military.  Albert's brother, Henry Baer, was the company's first president and the namesake for Schrade's "Uncle Henry" line of knives.

Tang stamps bearing the Imperial name appeared until 1988 when they were discontinued and replaced by the Schrade name.

Schrade
Schrade Cutlery Company had its roots in the New York Press Button Knife Company, formed in 1892 by George Schrade, an inventor from Sheffield, England. Unable to raise sufficient capital to begin knife production, Schrade sold a partial interest in the company to the Walden Knife Company. The company's unusual name arose from its first knife design, a switchblade or automatic-opening pocket knife with an operating button mounted in the knife bolster. First patented by Schrade in 1892, the knife was eventually produced with a unique style of clip point blade. In 1903, Schrade sold all of his interest in the New York Press Button Knife Co. to Walden Knife Company. The following year, Schrade formed the Schrade Cutlery Company in Walden.

In 1906-07, Schrade patented the Safety Pushbutton Knives, an improved series of switchblade knives with side-mounted operating button and a sliding safety switch. Later developed in slightly modified form as the Presto series, the Schrade switchblade would come to dominate the automatic knife market in the United States for the next fifty-five years.

From 1911-1916, George Schrade resided in the knifemaking center of Solingen, Germany, where he ran a small workshop. There Schrade developed a new type of switchblade knife, which he titled the Springer. However, in 1916 the German government seized all of Schrade's assets in Germany to assist its war production. Schrade returned to the United States, though his Springer switchblade would live on; now unprotected by patent, the type was manufactured by several Solingen shops for many years thereafter.

In 1917, Schrade licensed a flylock switchblade design to the Challenge Cutlery Company, which he then joined. Schrade pursued his knifemaking interests at both Challenge and at Schrade, where his brother George now managed one of the company's factories. In the 1920s, Schrade bought the defunct Walden Cutlery Company in order to obtain their stocks of handle material for his knives.

In 1928, the Challenge Cutlery Co. closed after the death of its owner, Charles F. Wiebusch. Schrade formed a new company, the Geo. Schrade Knife Co. in Bridgeport, acquiring knifemaking machinery from the old Challenge Cutlery assets. At the new company Schrade made Presto switchblades as well as Wire Jack jackknives, and other low-end pocket knives. George Schrade died in 1940 (According to; George Schrade died in 1945), and the Geo. Schrade Knife Co. was sold by his sons in 1956 to Boker Knife Co. of Newark, New Jersey, but the company closed operations in 1958 after Congress passed a law banning the sale of switchblades across state lines. Schrade's other company, the Schrade Cutlery Co., was sold in 1946 to the Imperial Knife Associated Companies, becoming the Schrade-Walden Cutlery Co., Inc.

Consolidation
The Baers purchased Schrade Cutlery Company in 1946 from J. Louis Schrade and renamed it the Schrade Walden Cutlery Corporation, a division of the Imperial Knife Associated Companies group. The Schrade-Walden division was moved from Walden, New York, to Ellenville, New York, after a fire consumed the factory in 1958, though the two companies would maintain separate manufacturing facilities. Imperial Knife had positive economic growth up to the late 1970s, but as the conglomerate entered the 1980s, a consolidation took place and the company divested itself of various holdings in order to streamline management.

In 1983, Albert M. Baer took the company private to ward off hostile investors by purchasing all outstanding stock in the company. The company changed names in 1985 to Imperial Schrade Corp. and Walter Gardiner was named President and COO. All U.S. operations were combined under one roof in Ellenville, the vacant Channel Master antenna factory. In the 1990s, the company entered the multi-tool market and the Baers were both inducted into the Blade Magazine Cutlery Hall of Fame.

In July 2004, the year the company celebrated its 100th anniversary, the factory in Ellenville was closed. The Schrade name was purchased by Taylor Brands LLC, who continue to manufacture products under the Schrade brand as well as Old Timer, Uncle Henry, Imperial & Smith & Wesson knives. Production is now in China.

In July 2016, Smith and Wesson Holding Corporation announced that its Battenfeld Technologies division was to purchase Taylor Brands.

Gallery

References

Companies disestablished in 2004
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York (state)
Knife manufacturing companies
Manufacturing companies established in 1904
Manufacturing companies established in 1916


China Sunergy () is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating solar cells from silicon wafers. China Sunergy has a major customer base in China, but also sells their products internationally. On May 17, 2007, the company began producing both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In 2012 the annual production of the cells were 1 GW and PV modules 1.2 GW. After listing as a NASDAQ Company in 2007, in 2013 May 23 China Sunergy opened its first international manufacturing base in Turkey. Turkey factory has the biggest solar cell and module capacity among both in Turkey and Europe. CSUN currently is the only Chinese solar cells and module manufacturer with a manufacturing base in Europe. Located in Tuzla Free Trade Zone, Istanbul, CSUN (Turkey) is in progress of building its second factory in Turkey within 2015. CSUN has  been recognized as a Tier 1 module supplier by the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BENF) PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014.

Their distribution network for solar panels covers over 79 distributors and wholesalers, across over 26 different countries.

References

External links
China Sunergy website
China Sunergy (Greece)  website
Reuters

Solar energy in China
Photovoltaics manufacturers
Renewable energy technology companies
Technology companies of China
Manufacturing companies based in Nanjing
Manufacturing companies established in 2006
Chinese companies established in 2006
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Chinese brands
2007 initial public offerings


The Tune stone is an important runestone from about 200–450 AD. It bears runes of the Elder Futhark, and the language is Proto-Norse. It was discovered in 1627 in the church yard wall of the church in Tune, Østfold, Norway. Today it is housed in the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History in Oslo. The Tune stone is possibly the oldest Norwegian attestation of burial rites and inheritance.

Inscription
The stone has inscriptions on two sides, called side A and side B. Side A consists of an inscription of two lines (A1 and A2), and side B consists of an inscription of three lines (B1, B2 and B3), each line done in boustrophedon style.

The A side reads:
A1: ekwiwazafter·woduri
A2: dewitadahalaiban:worathto·?[---

The B side reads:
B1: ????zwoduride:staina:
B2: þrijozdohtrizdalidun
B3: arbijasijostezarbijano

The transcription of the runic text is:
A: Ek Wiwaz after Woduride witandahlaiban worhto r[unoz].
B: [Me]z(?) Woduride staina þrijoz dohtriz dalidun(?) arbija arjostez(?) arbijano.

The English translation is:
I, Wiwaz, made the runes after Woduridaz, my lord. For me, Woduridaz, three daughters, the most distinguished of the heirs, prepared the stone.

The name Wiwaz means 'the promised one', from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-ós, while Woduridaz means 'fury-rider'. The phrase witandahlaiban, translated as 'my lord', literally means 'ward-bread' or 'guardian of the bread'. (The English word lord similarly originates from Old English hlāford < hlāf-weard, literally 'loaf-ward', i.e. 'guardian of the bread'.)

Interpretations
The runic inscription was first interpreted by Sophus Bugge in 1903 and Carl Marstrander in 1930, but the full text was not interpreted convincingly until 1981 by Ottar Grønvik in his book Runene på Tunesteinen.

See also
Åsetesrett
List of runestones

Notes

References

 Grønvik, Ottar (1981). Runene på Tunesteinen: Alfabet, Språkform, Budskap. Universitetsforlaget

5th-century inscriptions
Runestones in Norway
Proto-Norse language


This is a list of schools in the London Borough of Islington, England

In 2000, CEA, a private firm, took over the running of Islington's state schools. The education service returned to the Council in 2011.  Islington schools have improved rapidly, with GCSE results in 2014 above both the national and London average. In 2010 GCSE results in the borough were 143rd out of 152 local authorities. By 2014 they had risen to 34th in the country.

State-funded schools

Primary schools

Ambler Primary School
Ashmount Primary School
Blessed Sacrament RC Primary School
Canonbury Primary School
Christ the King RC Primary School
City of London Primary Academy Islington
Drayton Park Primary School
Duncombe Primary School
Gillespie Primary School
Grafton Primary School
Hanover Primary School
Hargrave Park Primary School
Highbury Quadrant Primary School
Hugh Myddelton Primary School
Hungerford School
Laycock Primary School
Montem Primary School
Moreland Primary School
The New North Academy
Newington Green Primary School
Pakeman Primary School
Pooles Park Primary School
Prior Weston Primary School
Robert Blair Primary School
Rotherfield Primary School
Sacred Heart RC Primary School
St Andrew's CE Primary School
St Joan of Arc RC Primary School
St John the Evangelist RC Primary School
St John's Highbury Vale CE Primary School
St John's Upper Holloway CE Primary School
St Joseph's RC Primary School
St Jude & St Paul's CE Primary School
St Luke's CE Primary School
St Mark's CE Primary School
St Mary Magdalene Academy
St Mary's CE Primary School
St Peter & St Paul RC Primary School
Thornhill Primary School
Tufnell Park Primary School
Vittoria Primary School
Whitehall Park School
William Tyndale Primary School
Winton Primary School
Yerbury Primary School

source

Secondary schools

Arts and Media School, Islington
Beacon High
Central Foundation Boys' School
City of London Academy Highbury Grove
City of London Academy Highgate Hill
City of London Academy Islington
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School
Highbury Fields School
St Aloysius' College
St Mary Magdalene Academy

source

Special and alternative schools

The Bridge Integrated Learning Space
The Bridge School
New River College Medical
New River College Primary
New River College Secondary
The Pears Family School
Richard Cloudesley School
St Mary Magdalene Academy: the Courtyard
Samuel Rhodes MLD School

Further education
London Screen Academy
City and Islington College
Tech City College

Independent schools

Primary and preparatory schools
The Children's House Upper School
Dallington School
Dania School
The Gower School
St Paul's Steiner School

Senior and all-through schools
 North Bridge House Senior School

Further education
Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
Malvern House London
Musical Theatre Academy

References

External links
Education and Learning in Islington

Islington


Serena Wilson (August 8, 1933 – June 17, 2007), often known just as "Serena", was a well-known dancer, choreographer, and teacher who helped popularize belly dance in the United States. Serena's work also helped legitimize the dance form and helped it to be perceived as more than burlesque or stripping. Serena danced in clubs in her younger years, opened her own studio, hosted her own television show, founded her own dance troupe, and was the author of several books about belly dance.

Early years
Serena was born Serene Blake in 1933 in New York's Bronx. Her parents were vaudeville performers with their own show, Blake & Blake, featuring a variety of comedy and musical numbers, some of which Serena performed in as a child. As a young adult,  Serena officially changed her name from "Serene" to "Serena".

Serena also began studying with famed dancer Ruth St. Denis, well known for her interpretations of Oriental and Oriental-style dance. In 1952, Serena married Alan (Rip) Wilson, a musician, percussionist, and leader of a Dixieland band, a combination which complemented Serena's own background. In the mid-1950s, Serena gave birth to their son, Scott.

Not long after their marriage, Rip's band was booked for a gig with a Middle Eastern theme that required a belly dancer. In spite of the clash of styles, Rip quickly got hold of the music for popular Middle Eastern standards like Misirlou, and recruited his wife to dance, which Serena felt her studies with St. Denis had prepared her for.

According to her husband, Serena's dance ended up being rather awkward, as she wasn't sure what to do with her hands.  She disguised this by carrying a vase on her shoulder throughout! The performance was nonetheless a success, inspiring Serena and Rip to pursue a lifelong interest in Middle Eastern music and dance.

Rip took up Middle Eastern drumming and frequently accompanied Serena as she honed her skills dancing at the Egyptian Gardens club in Chelsea, an area then known colloquially as Greektown for the large number of Greek and Middle Eastern cabarets lining the street. Soon, Serena had become one of the most popular belly dancers in the city and even performed for various city officials.

Middle years
In the mid-1960s, Serena began teaching belly dance, opening Serena Studios, on Eighth Avenue in New York City. In the 1970s she started her own TV show, known as Serena and The Serena Show, which served as a means of educating the masses about belly dancing and billed itself as "The fun way to beauty, grace, and a youthful figure."

Her son, Scott, continued the family tradition by dedicating himself to the study of the oud, an Egyptian lute or guitar. Serena began writing the first two of her books about belly dance, The Serena Technique of Belly Dancing and The Belly Dance Book.

Serena and Rip's success continued unabated until the Gulf War in 1991, when American attitudes toward all things Middle Eastern soured.

Later years
In spite of the bias in American popular culture against the Middle East, Serena continued to perform in a number of Egyptian folkloric shows and appeared several times as the lead dancer in the New York Opera Company's production of Aida. She also continued teaching at her studio and choreographing for her troupe, Serena Dance Theater, which performed throughout New York City.

Serena's studio provided dancers for hire, with dancers available for performances at traditional Middle Eastern weddings and other social events. Notably, in keeping with Serena's long-held belief that belly dancing was not comparable with stripping and erotic dance, her studio would not provide dancers for events in which their performance might be over-sexualized, e.g., for bachelorette parties but not bachelor parties, for bat mitzvahs but not bar mitzvahs.

In June 2007, Serena died suddenly of a pulmonary embolism. She had been scheduled to dance in Greenwich Village with her son's Middle Eastern band, Scott Wilson and Efendi, that very night. Her husband, son, and daughter-in-law continue to carry on her passion for Middle Eastern music and dance. Serena's studio in New York continues to hold classes and provide dancers for performances.

See also
Women in dance

Citations

Sources
Fox, Margalit. "Serena Wilson Dies at 73; Popularized Belly Dance." The New York Times: June 24, 2007.
Serena Studios: About Serena.

Further reading

Wilson, Serena. The Belly Dance Book. (McGraw-Hill 1983)
Wilson, Serena. The Legacy of Little Egypt: A History of the Belly Dance in America. (Serena Studios, 1994)
Wilson, Serena. The Serena Technique of Belly Dancing. (Drake Publishers 1972)

External links

1933 births
2007 deaths
American female dancers
Belly dancers
20th-century American dancers
20th-century American women
21st-century American women


The 2007 West Bengal food riots took place in West Bengal, India over shortage of food and widespread corruption in the public distribution system. The riots first happened in Burdwan, Bankura, and Birbhum districts but later spread to other districts. The riots started on 16 September 2007 in Radhamohanpur village in Bankura district.

Three villagers were shot dead and more than 300 villagers were injured in riots. At least three ration distributors committed suicide. The State Government suspended 113 dealers and served show cause notices to 37 food inspectors. A Supreme Court of India appointed committee has found wide-spread corruption to be the root cause of the riots.

Causes
India had a public distribution system that was used to distribute food grains to poor people at affordable prices fixed by the government. These food grains are distributed through Ration Shops, to card-holders. Many of these ration shop dealers were also Rice Mill owners, able to control the entire chain of supply. In 2007-08 a worldwide phenomenon of increasing food prices motivated some of the dealers to sell quality food grains in open market while inferior quality grain was distributed through the ration shops. At the same time, a move by the state government to exclude some of the families above poverty line from the PDS system. Faced with increasing food prices, this led to increasing discontent among the masses.

In many places, the houses of local PDS dealers were set on fire and looted in many instances. The threat of violence and public humiliation also led to a few PDS dealers committing suicide. The riots originated from Bankura district in the latter half of the year, soon spreading across many other districts in the state.

A report by the commission appointed by the Supreme Court of India found that wide spread corruption and diversion of superior quality food grains caused the riots.  The report said studies conducted by the government had shown that 34.9% of rice and 86.6% of wheat meant for PDS got diverted, while 83% of wheat meant for below poverty line people and 60% of rice (the essential diet of the poorest of the BPL families) also got stolen.

See also
 List of food riots

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20081013082930/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20071205/0512303.htm
http://www.samachaar.in/West_Bengal/Food_riots_continue_in_south_Bengal_5670/

Food riots
West Bengal Food Riots, 2007
Riots and civil disorder in India
West Bengal Food Riots, 2007
Economic history of India
2000s in West Bengal
September 2007 events in India


The huge moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Rabila
Rachiplusia
Raclia
Radara
Raddea
Radinacra
Radinocera
Radinogoes
Radinotia
Radosa
Ragana
Raghuva
Ramadasa
Ramesodes
Ramopia
Ramphia
Rancora
Raparna
Raphia
Raphiscopa
Rasihia
Reabotis
Recoropha
Rectangulipalpus
Rectipalpula
Redectis
Redingtonia
Rejectaria
Rema
Remigia
Remigiodes
Renia
Renisania
Renodes
Renyigoga
Resapamea
Resperdrina
Rethma
Reticcala
Reticulana
Retusia
Rhabdophera
Rhabdotina
Rhabinogana
Rhabinopteryx
Rhaesena
Rhamnocampa
Rhangena
Rhanidophora
Rhapsa
Rhatta
Rhazunda
Rhesala
Rhesalides
Rhesalistis
Rhescipha
Rhiscipha
Rhiza
Rhizagrotis
Rhizedra
Rhizolitha
Rhizotype
Rhodina
Rhodochlaena
Rhododactyla
Rhododipsa
Rhodoecia
Rhodophora
Rhodosea
Rhodotarache
Rhopalognatha
Rhoptrotrichia
Rhosologia
Rhosus
Rhubuna
Rhyacia
Rhynchaglaea
Rhynchagrotis
Rhynchina
Rhynchodia
Rhynchodina
Rhynchodontodes
Rhyncholita
Rhynchoplexia
Rhypagla
Rhytia
Riadhia
Riaga
Riagria
Richia
Ricla
Rictonis
Rileyiana
Rimulia
Ripagrotis
Ripogenus
Ripolia
Ristra
Rivula
Rivulana
Roborbotodes
Rodriguesia
Rolua
Ronania
Roperua
Rororthosia
Roseoblemma
Rostrypena
Rothia
Rotoa
Rougeotia
Rougeotiana
Rowdenia
Ruacodes
Rubarsia
Rufachola
Rugofrontia
Rungsianea
Rusicada
Rusidrina
Rusina

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

Noctuid genera R