During the late 1940s and 1950s, Sweden had programs for both nuclear and chemical weapons. During the first decades of the Cold War, a nuclear weapons program was active.

No weapon was ever deployed. In the late 1960s, the political landscape and budgetary problems hindered the use of these weapons, and, by the mid-1970s, all plans for weapons of mass destruction had been scrapped.

Nuclear weapons

Sweden's nuclear weapon programme was started in early 1946 after World War II and the American nuclear bombing of the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

In the early years after the war, Sweden made a decision to become a neutral power that could defend itself militarily against any invading power. The biggest threats to Sweden were Soviet nuclear capabilities and, in the late 1940s and 1950s, much research was made into nuclear weapons.

In 1948, the first solid plans on how to create an atomic weapon was presented to the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA). Plans were established to run a civilian nuclear power programme in parallel, using domestic uranium resources as nuclear fuel. The Ågesta and Marviken reactors were supposed to produce plutonium for the weapons, while also producing energy. The Saab 36 was a planned attack aircraft that would be able to deliver nuclear weapons. Later on, submarines and aircraft were configured as a means of delivery as well.

All of the nuclear development activities took place at the FOA. The plan was to produce 100 warheads in a timespan of ten years.

During the 1960s, it was still not clear if Sweden should develop a nuclear weapons capacity. By the end of the 1960s, the Swedish government, because of military budget constraints, had to choose between a nuclear weapon or a new fighter aircraft (the Saab 37 Viggen). The choice fell with the new fighter. All the plans for a Swedish nuclear weapon were scrapped by 1968, when Sweden signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 1972, the last remnants of a plan for nuclear weapons was discontinued when the FOA stopped their experiments with plutonium.

Sweden did, however, continue with civilian nuclear power and, as of 2012, Sweden had 10 active nuclear reactors. In March 2012, Sweden exported  of plutonium and approximately  of natural and depleted uranium to the United States under framework of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative.

Chemical weapons
After World War I, Sweden started research on chemical weapons. In the 1930s, Sweden's first chemical weapon programme was born when developing and equipment research for sulfur mustards (mustard gas) was started. In 1940, work on the gas was temporarily halted, but, by the end of World War II, new programmes were soon a priority for the Swedish military. Programmes for both sulfur mustards and sarin were initiated.

In the 1960s, the development of chemical weapons was highly criticised, and, in 1970, the Swedish government stated that it would not further develop or produce any chemical weapons. In 1994, Sweden signed the Chemical Weapons Convention that forbids the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons.

Biological weapons
Sweden is one of the parties to the Biological Weapons Convention, which outlaws biological weapons. The convention was signed by Sweden on February 27, 1974, in Moscow and again on February 27, 1975, in London and Washington, D.C. It was ratified by Sweden in February 1976.

See also
Swedish Armed Forces

References

External links
Forsvarets forskningsanstalt och planerna pa svenska karnvapen, Thomas Jonter, March 2001
The Swedish nuclear weapon  via the Internet Archive
"Svensk atombomb utvecklades trots förbud" - Ny Teknik, Jan Melin, April 4, 2001
Paul M. Cole, Atomic Bombast: Nuclear Weapon Decisionmaking in Sweden 1945–1972 Stimson Center Occasional Paper No. 26, April 1996
Thomas Jonter. The Swedish Plans to Acquire Nuclear Weapons, 1945–1968: An Analysis of the Technical Preparations Science & Global Security, 2010, 18, P. 61–86

Weapons of mass destruction by country


X logical font description (XLFD) is a font standard used by the X Window System.  Modern X software typically relies on the newer Fontconfig system instead, but XLFDs are still supported in current X window implementations for compatibility with legacy software.

XLFD is intended to support:

 unique, descriptive font names that support simple pattern matching
 multiple font vendors, arbitrary character sets, and encodings
 naming and instancing of scalable and polymorphic fonts
 transformations and subsetting of fonts
 independence of X server and operating or file system implementations
 arbitrarily complex font matching or substitution
 extensibility

One prominent XLFD convention is to refer to individual fonts including any variations using their unique FontName. It comprises a sequence of fourteen hyphen-prefixed, X-registered fields:

FOUNDRY: Type foundry - vendor or supplier of this font
FAMILY_NAME: Typeface family
WEIGHT_NAME: Weight of type
SLANT: Slant (upright, italic, oblique, reverse italic, reverse oblique, or "other")
SETWIDTH_NAME: Proportionate width (e.g. normal, condensed, narrow, expanded/double-wide)
ADD_STYLE_NAME: Additional style (e.g. (Sans) Serif, Informal, Decorated)
PIXEL_SIZE: Size of characters, in pixels; 0 (Zero) means a scalable font
POINT_SIZE: Size of characters, in tenths of points
RESOLUTION_X: Horizontal resolution in dots per inch (DPI), for which the font was designed
RESOLUTION_Y: Vertical resolution, in DPI
SPACING: monospaced, proportional, or "character cell"
AVERAGE_WIDTH: Average width of characters of this font; 0 means scalable font
CHARSET_REGISTRY: Registry defining this character set
CHARSET_ENCODING: Registry's character encoding scheme for this set

The following sample is for a 75-dpi, 12-point, Charter font:

 -bitstream-charter-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-68-iso8859-1[65 70 80_90]
(which also tells the font source that the client is interested only in characters 65, 70, and 80-90.)

References

X Window System


The following is a list of ecoregions in Tunisia, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions

Palearctic

Temperate coniferous forests
 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
 Mediterranean woodlands and forests

Deserts and xeric shrublands
 North Saharan steppe and woodlands

Flooded grasslands and savannas
 Saharan halophytics

Freshwater ecoregions
 Permanent Maghreb
 Temporary Maghreb

Marine ecoregions
 Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra
 Western Mediterranean

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Tunisia
Ecoregions


A total lunar eclipse occurred from 5:27 to 11:06 UTC on 21 December 2010, coinciding with the date of the Winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and Summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. It was visible in its entirety as a total lunar eclipse in North and South America, Iceland, Ireland, Britain and northern Scandinavia.

Occurrence
The eclipse of December 2010 was the first total lunar eclipse in almost three years, since the February 2008 lunar eclipse.

It is the second of two lunar eclipses in 2010. The first was a partial lunar eclipse on June 26, 2010.

The eclipse was the first total lunar eclipse to occur on the day of the Northern Winter Solstice (Southern Summer Solstice) since 1638, and only the second in the Common Era.

Related eclipses

This eclipse occurred at the descending node of the Moon's orbit. Lunar eclipses are always paired with a solar eclipse either 2 weeks before or after at new moon in the opposite node. In this case, it was followed by a partial solar eclipse at the ascending node on January 4, 2011, visible from Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.

The following two lunar eclipses were also total, occurring on June 15, 2011, and December 10, 2011.
 See This lunar year cycle

The next December solstice total lunar eclipse, as a Metonic twin eclipse, will be December 20, 2029 (19 years later), one day before solstice.
 See This 19 year Metonic cycle

A saros series lasts for many centuries and has a similar event every 18 years and 11 days. This eclipse is the 18th of 26 total lunar eclipses in lunar saros series 125. The previous occurrence was on December 9, 1992, and the next will occur on December 31, 2028.
 See This saros

Visibility

In North America, the eclipse was visible in its entirety on 21 December 2010, from 12:27 a.m. to 6:06 a.m. Eastern Standard Time. In the Central Standard Time zone and west, the eclipse began the night of 20 December. Observers along South America's east coast missed the late stages of the eclipse because they occurred after moon-set.

Likewise much of Europe and Africa experienced moon-set while the eclipse was in progress. In Europe, only those observers in northern Scandinavia (including Iceland), Ireland and Britain could observe the entire event. For observers in eastern Asia the moon rose in eclipse. The eclipse was not visible from southern and eastern Africa, the Middle East or South Asia. In Japan and northeastern Asia, the eclipse's end was visible, with the moon rising at sunset. In the Philippines it was observable as a partial lunar eclipse just after sunset.

Predictions suggested that the total eclipse may appear unusually orange or red, as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia on 26 October.

Local times

Photo gallery

Individual shots, sorted by time:

Animations:

Related eclipse events

Tzolkinex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of November 8–9, 2003
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of January 31, 2018

Half-Saros
 Preceded: Solar eclipse of December 14, 2001
 Followed: Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019

Tritos
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of January 21, 2000
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of November 19, 2021

Lunar Saros 125
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of December 9–10, 1992
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of December 31, 2028

Inex
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of January 9, 1982
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of November 30, 2039

Triad
 Preceded: Lunar eclipse of February 20, 1924
 Followed: Lunar eclipse of October 20–21, 2097

Eclipses of 2010
 An annular solar eclipse on 15 January.
 A partial lunar eclipse on 26 June.
 A total solar eclipse on 11 July.
 A total lunar eclipse on 21 December.

Lunar year series
The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations or 354 days (Shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, the Earth's shadow will be about 11 degrees west in sequential events.

Metonic cycles (19 years)

Tritos series

Saros series

Half-Saros cycle
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 132.

See also
List of lunar eclipses
List of 21st-century lunar eclipses
June 2011 lunar eclipse
December 2011 lunar eclipse
:File:2010-12-21 Lunar Eclipse Sketch.gif Chart
2010 12 21 – Lunar Eclipse in Jacksonville, FL
2010 12 21 – Lunar Eclipse Sequence

Notes

External links

 Worldwide viewing times for the December 2010 Total Lunar Eclipse
 How to Photograph the Lunar Eclipse from the NY Institute of Photography

 NASA: Eclipses During 2010 2010 Dec 21: Total Lunar Eclipse

 Animation of the December 21, 2010 eclipse at shadowandsubstance.com
 Astronomical Society of the Pacific eclipse times and questions & answers

2010-12
2010 in science
December 2010 events


Pablo Daniel Zeballos Ocampos (born 4 March 1986) is a Paraguayan football attacking midfielder. Zeballos represented the Paraguay national team from 2008 to 2012, featuring in the 2011 Copa América where Paraguay finished runners-up. In 2011, he was voted the Paraguayan Footballer of the Year.

Career

Sol de América
Zeballos started his career in the youth divisions of Sol de América where he played alongside José Ortigoza. He made his debut in 2005 and helped the team to win the Paraguayan División Intermedia tournament by being the team's top-scorer. He is remembered for his goal against Club Cerro Corá at the last minute of the match.

Loan to Oriente Petrolero
In 2006, Zeballos was transferred to Bolivian club Oriente Petrolero on a six-month loan period, where he became the top-scorer with 16 goals in 14 league appearances and helped the team reach second position during the 2006 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano Torneo Clausura.

Return to Sol de América
Zeballos returned to Paraguay for the 2007 season and finished as the joint top goal scorer of the Primera Division top-scorer, along with Fabio Ramos of Club Nacional, with 15 goals.

Cruz Azul
His good form rewarded him with a transfer to Cruz Azul of Mexico. He debuted against San Luis F.C. in the Jornada 3 of the Clausura 2008, making his first goal in the Primera División de México one minute after being substituted in for Nicolás Vigneri. In the liguilla del futbol Mexicano he brought the team back up to beat Jaguares in quarter-finals and took them all the way to the final where they would lose.

On 15 November 2008, Zeballos scored his first "hat-trick" with Cruz Azul against Jaguares.

Loan to Cerro Porteño
In January 2010, Zeballos was loaned to Primera División Paraguaya club Cerro Porteño until 31 December 2010. With Cerro Porteño he won two second places and was top scorer of the Torneo Apertura with 16 goals along with Rodrigo Teixeira, and ended up being top scorer of the year with 24. On 12 December 2010, it was reported that former club Oriente Petrolero and various clubs from Bolivia's Liga de Fútbol Profesional had shown there interest in Zeballos.

Olimpia
At the end of that year, Zeballos signed a contract with rival of Cerro Porteno, Olimpia. Olimpia came up second during the Torneo Apertura 2011 with him as top scorer having scored 13 goals. On the next tournament of the year, Zeballos managed to win the Torneo Clausura with Olimpia, being the team's top scorer with 12 goals, one behind the tournament's top scorer Fredy Bareiro. With this record, Zeballos was top scorer of the 2011 season in Paraguay with a total of 25 goals, attracted on themselves the attention of Genoa and Cagliari.

Krylya Sovetov Samara
In the summer of 2012, Zeballos joined Russian Premier League side Krylia Sovetov Samara on a three-year contract. Zeballos made his debut for Krylya Sovetov in the 2012–13 Russian Premier League season in a 1–1 home draw against Terek Grozny on 22 July.

After 1 goal in 15 appearances in the first half of the season for Krylia Sovetov, Zeballos joined Ecuadorian side Emelec on a six-month loan deal till 30 June 2013, with the option of a permanent move.

Club Sport Emelec
He arrived to the Emelec, where he was loaned for a great sum of money, but only managed one goal during his time, for which he was criticized by the fans and the media that he wasn't worth the amount paid for. He left Emelec after just appearing in 17 games. Zeballos left Emelec to join Kyrlia again but this time with no success after long and exhausting negotiations during summer 2014 Zeballos returned to Club Olimpia, but by judicial problems he couldn't sign a contract and then started negotiations with Botafogo.

Botafogo
After a lot of negotiation Zeballos arrived at Rio de Janeiro to sign with Botafogo. He scored his first goal, of penalty, in a match of the Cariocão 2014 against Boavista.

Libertad
During December 2015, it had already been reported that Zeballos had a %99 chance of departing Olimpia. By 7 January 2016, it was announced that Zeballos had joined Club Libertad and the following day he had travelled to the city of Minga Guazú to join the club in their pre-season training.

River Plate Asunción
On 30 December 2020, it was confirmed that Zeballos signed with River Plate for the 2021 season, when the club would play in the Copa Sudamericana. Zaballos signed a two year agreement.

International career
On 29 February 2008, Zeballos was called up to the Paraguay national football team the first time for a friendly against Honduras. In June 2008, Zeballos was again called up to the national team for two 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Brazil and Bolivia. On 25 May 2011, Zeballos scored his first goal for Paraguay in a 4–2 away loss in a friendly against Argentina.

Career statistics

Club

International goals

Honours

Club
Sol de América
 División Intermedia: 2006

Olimpia
 Primera División: 2011 Clausura

Sportivo Ameliano
 Copa Paraguay: 2022

International
Paraguay
 Copa América runners-up: 2011

Individual
 Paraguayan Footballer of the Year: 2011
 Primera División de Paraguay topscorers: 2007 Torneo Apertura (15 goals), 2010 Torneo Apertura (16 goals)

See also
 Players and Records in Paraguayan Football

References

1986 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Paraguayan men's footballers
Paraguayan expatriate men's footballers
Paraguay men's international footballers
Club Sol de América footballers
Oriente Petrolero players
Cruz Azul footballers
Cerro Porteño players
Club Olimpia footballers
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
C.S. Emelec footballers
Al-Wakrah SC players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Atlético Nacional footballers
Club Libertad footballers
Sportivo Luqueño players
12 de Octubre Football Club players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Liga MX players
Russian Premier League players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Categoría Primera A players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Qatar Stars League players
Bolivian Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Russia
2011 Copa América players
People from Concepción Department, Paraguay


"Search and Rescue" is the fifth season premiere of science fiction television show Stargate Atlantis, and is the 81st episode of the series. The episode premiered on July 11, 2008 in the United States on SCI FI channel, and was then shown on Canada's The Movie Network. The episode premiered over a month later in the United Kingdom on August 19 on Sky One. iTunes USA also made the episode available for download several days later. However, by the next episode, "Seed", shows will be added at the same time as they are scheduled to air. This is the 26th episode of Stargate Atlantis to be written by Martin Gero. The episode introduces several changes in the personnel and command of Atlantis, seeing Richard Woolsey (Robert Picardo) take over command of the base.

The episode continues on from Season Four's finale — "The Last Man" — on a series of story arcs based around Wraith character "Michael" (played by Connor Trinneer). In the previous episode, Lieutenant Colonel John Sheppard (Joe Flanigan) is transported forward 48,000 years into the future in an accident involving the Stargate and a solar flare, ultimately leading him to find out the fate of his teammates and the fate of Teyla Emmagan (Rachel Luttrell) in particular — who in his time line still remains captive by Michael. Sheppard manages to return to Atlantis in his proper time line (the year 2008), where he along with McKay (David Hewlett), Ronon Dex (Jason Momoa) and Major Lorne's team gate to the world where he determines Teyla will be taken. However, they arrive prematurely and during a sweep of the computers, McKay triggers a booby trap that causes the entire complex to collapse on top of the team.

Plot
With an explosion leaving the team buried under rubble, Sheppard lies unconscious, and his lost friend Aiden Ford (Rainbow Sun Francks) tells him how he failed to help him (in the episode "The Hive"), just as he has failed to help Teyla. He then awakens, with Ronon Dex at his side, only to find out that falling debris has significantly injured him. On the other hand, Dex is in far better condition and is able to move around, and works to free Sheppard from the rubble. McKay and Major Lorne (Kavan Smith) also end up being trapped in a different location. While Lorne has a broken leg, McKay only ends up with a few scrapes and bruises. Michael is quickly informed that his compound has been compromised, and takes his cruiser to the planet.

Lieutenant Edison (Jeremy Jones), who dispatched with Lt. Col. Sheppard & Maj. Lorne's teams, manages to return to Atlantis to inform them of the situation on the planet. Additional personnel quickly return to the planet with combat engineers. Michael arrives soon after, and quickly deploys Darts to sweep the compound site. The combat engineers are able to recover McKay and Lorne and evacuate the site in Puddle Jumpers; however, Dex and Sheppard still remain trapped. Michael's hybrids soon start digging the two out. The USAF ship Daedalus arrives in orbit and is engaged by Michael's cruiser, which, upon failing to deliver a sufficient amount of damage to Daedalus, attempts to retreat. Daedalus manages to hit the cruiser's hyperdrive core, taking it off-line. Michael's hybrids almost reach Sheppard and Dex, but just in time Daedalus manages to use the Asgard transport systems to bring the two on board. In order to beam Sheppard and Dex out, the shields of the Daedalus are lowered temporarily, and Michael's cruiser is able to score a few direct hits taking the Asgard weapons and engines off-line. Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) and teams aboard the three Jumpers also manage to get on board, after which the shields are raised again.

Realizing that Teyla Emmagan is likely aboard Michael's cruiser, the reunited team plan a mission to get aboard the ship using a cloaked Puddle Jumper and attacking the cruiser with F-302 fightercraft, which will force the cruiser to open the bay doors so Darts may deploy. The attack is a success, and while the cloaked Jumper enters the cruiser, the F-302s knock out Michael's primary weapon systems. The team discovers Teyla, already in labor, and are preparing to leave when the cruiser's hyperdrive is brought back online. Sheppard and Dex head out to disable it again, and McKay is forced to help deliver Emmagan's child by himself; both groups end up successful. Upon reaching the spot where they had left their Jumper, it is discovered to be missing (Stolen by Michael, who later uses it to infiltrate Atlantis), and another method must be found to leave the ship. Kanaan (Patrick Sabongui), Emmagan's child's father and a soldier in Michael's army, helps the team escape in a Wraith Dart. Daedalus, which has regained control of their Asgard weapons, swiftly destroys Michael's cruiser upon the team's return to safety.

At the episode's ending, Carter returns to Earth, where she is to go off-world with SG-1 to witness the extraction ceremony of the last system lord Ba'al (Stargate: Continuum). Upon arriving, she is told by Richard Woolsey (Robert Picardo) that she will not be returning to Atlantis, and will be replaced as expedition leader by Woolsey himself.

Production

Filming of the episode, and the season itself, began on February 18, 2008 at The Bridge Studios in Vancouver. The regular cast of Joe Flanigan (Lt. Col. John Sheppard), Rachel Luttrell (Teyla Emmagan), Jason Momoa (Ronon Dex) and David Hewlett (Rodney McKay) would from this point be joined by Jewel Staite (Jennifer Keller) and Robert Picardo (Richard Woolsey) as regular cast members.  Picardo's character Woolsey replaces Col. Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping) as commander of the Atlantis Expedition. Tapping's decision to leave Atlantis came after her show Sanctuary was picked up by the U.S. SCI FI channel.

The episode also introduces Captain Alicia Vega (Leela Savasta), who will become a recurring character on the show. Several scenes in "Search and Rescue" were to feature Vega, however, the majority were cut from the final episode. The episode features an appearance by Rainbow Sun Francks as Lt. Aiden Ford, and is his first appearance since Season Two's episode "The Hive".

During the production and writing process, "Search and Rescue" was said to have gone through fourteen different working titles, before finally settling on its final name. Producing the episode also proved expensive, and the visual effect sequence during the introduction where they zoom through space from M2S-445 to Michael was considered to be cut due to the high cost of such a sequence, though since Stargate Atlantis is in good terms with Mark Savela and the visual effects team, the sequence was still produced. During filming, an actual fifteen-day-old baby was cast during the scene where Teyla gave birth, since the producers did not wish to follow other TV series and movies, and use a fake baby. The full final version of the episode was leaked to the Internet on June 19, 2008, continuing a trend since Season Two of premiere episodes leaking before their television air date.

The Simpsons trademark "Duff Beer" is mentioned in the episode during the scene where Michael's hybrids are trying to dig Sheppard and Dex out of the debris. Sheppard asks the hybrids whether they would like "Oprah Ale" or "Duff Beer" upon returning to Atlantis; when the hybrids respond that they want Duff, Sheppard is alerted to the fact that they are not from the Atlantis Expedition.

Reception
The episode attracted over 1.8 million viewers in the United States, and scored a 1.3 average household rating, beating season Four's premiere episode, "Adrift", by one-tenth of a point. The episode was ranked the #4 cable program for the day among the 25 to 54 age demographic, and ranked #5 for viewers 18 to 49 viewers. The premiere also made SCI FI the number one cable network for men 25 to 54 during the 10:00 p.m. hour. IGN rated the episode at 8.3 (out of 10), stating that while the episode's ending was predictable, it was well executed, and also praising Jason Momoa performance and the progression of Ronon Dex as a character. Alex Strachan of The Gazette in Montreal praised the episode, stating "The whole family can watch together and not be offended, and you don't have to worry that the story will go to pieces in the end." He also praised the series as a whole, crediting it for "clinging to life and prospering in an increasingly fractured - and fractious - TV universe." Additionally TiVo delayed viewings later boosted ratings and figures, with around half a million people watching the show a week after its airing on TiVo, "The episode averaged 1.3 million viewers in the 18 to 49 demographic, and 1.4 million among viewers 25 to 54. It's Atlantis's best performance since Season Four's finale in March (2.6 million total viewers), and up an impressive 22 percent from last season's average, according to SCI FI".

References

External links
 Search and Rescue  at mgm.com

Stargate Atlantis episodes
2008 American television episodes


Rustom Khurshedji Karanjia (15 September 1912 – 1 February 2008) was an Indian journalist and editor. He typically signed his reports as "R. K. Karanjia". He founded the Blitz, a weekly tabloid with focus on investigative journalism in 1941, and ran it for the next four decades. He also founded The Daily, a daily tabloid which was run by his daughter.

Early life and background
Karanjia was born to a Parsi family in Quetta, now in Balochistan in the Northern part of Pakistan.

Career
Karanjia began writing while still in college, and during the 1930s Karanjia was employed an assistant editor at The Times of India. He left The Times of India in 1941 to launch Blitz (newspaper), a weekly tabloid with a focus on investigative journalism. It was one of the few Indian newspapers to have carried out interviews with the high and mighty, including the likes of Fidel Castro and Zhou Enlai. The Daily and The Blitz were also incubators for the likes of R.K. Laxman, P. Sainath and Teesta Setalvad, all of whom started their journalistic careers there. Karanjia served as a war correspondent during the Japanese Burma offensive in World War II, reporting on the action in Burma and Assam. Blitz folded during the mid-1990s and Karanjia retired from public life.

Karanjia died at his home, a seafront flat along Marine Drive, in Mumbai at the age of 95 on 1 February 2008.  In a "departure from Parsi tradition, as per his wishes," his funeral was held in Chandanvadi crematorium, in south Mumbai. Karanjia was survived by one daughter, Rita Mehta, the founder and first Editor-in-chief of Cine Blitz magazine. His brother, Burjor, was also a journalist, albeit in the film industry, editor of Filmfare.

Leanings as owner-editor of Blitz
Karanjia was the founder and the owner-editor of Blitz, a weekly tabloid published out of Mumbai. The columnist Sudheendra Kulkarni wrote about how the decision to launch Blitz was taken over a cup of tea between three patriotic journalists, ie, BV Nadkarni, Benjamin Horniman, and Karanjia, at the Wayside Inn, a restaurant near Kala Ghoda, Mumbai. The first issue of Blitz was published on 1 February 1941 (the same day that Karanjia died in 2008). Kulkarni calls his journalism "irreverent, investigative, courageous and a little titillating". Filmmaker Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Magsaysay-award-winning journalist P. Sainath were associated with Blitz. Blitz was radical and idealist, left-leaning, and pro-Soviet.

Karanjia remained a staunch critic of the Congress party while continuing to remain friendly with Congress leaders Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. However, Karanjia later became disillusioned with communism and its anti-Hindu secularism. He became a strong sympathiser of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Ayodhya movement. Initially a fierce critic of the Indian guru Sathya Sai Baba, Karanjia later became his devotee in 1976. According to Kulkarni, P. Sainath was replaced as the magazine's deputy editor by Karanjia, who appointed Kulkarni to the post instead of him.

Books
 1952: China stands up and wolves of the Wild West
 1956: SEATO: Security or Menace?
 1958: Arab Dawn
 1960: The Mind of Mr. Nehru
 1961: Castro: Storm Over Latin America
 1966: The Philosophy Of Mr. Nehru
 1970: Round Germany with Hitler
 1977: Kundalini Yoga
 1977: Mind of a Monarch: Biography of the Shah of Iran
 1997: God Lives In India

References

1912 births
2008 deaths
Indian newspaper editors
Indian male journalists
Parsi people from Mumbai
Followers of Sathya Sai Baba
People from Quetta
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
Indian investigative journalists
Journalists from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian journalists
Writers from Mumbai


Waiharara is a community at the base of the Aupouri Peninsula in Northland, New Zealand. State Highway 1 runs through the community. To the west is Aupouri Forest, and beyond that Ninety Mile Beach. To the east is Rangaunu Harbour. Houhora is 22 km north west, and Awanui is 16 km south east. Lake Waiparera, 35 metres (115 feet) above sea level, is immediately to the north west.

Te Marae o Wharemaru is the meeting place of the hapu Wharemaru who reside and descend from the lands in and around the now known area Kaimaumau. Wharemaru is the name of the Rangatira/Chief of this area. Kaimaumau is the youngest brother of Wharemaru and Rangaunu also the name of the harbour is the eldest sister of Kaimaumau and Wharemaru.

Demographics
Waiharara is in an SA1 statistical area which covers  and includes the area between Muiata Pa and just north of Paparore, but excludes Kaimaumau. The SA1 area is part of the larger Rangaunu Harbour statistical area.

The SA1 statistical area had a population of 243 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 15 people (6.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 36 people (17.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 96 households, comprising 120 males and 120 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female. The median age was 41.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 57 people (23.5%) aged under 15 years, 30 (12.3%) aged 15 to 29, 102 (42.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 51 (21.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 79.0% European/Pākehā, 48.1% Māori, 3.7% Pacific peoples, and 3.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Of those people who chose to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 42.0% had no religion, 44.4% were Christian, 1.2% were Buddhist and 4.9% had Māori religious beliefs.

Of those at least 15 years old, 18 (9.7%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 45 (24.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $24,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 18 people (9.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 93 (50.0%) people were employed full-time, 30 (16.1%) were part-time, and 6 (3.2%) were unemployed.

Education

Waiharara School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of  as of  The school opened in 1901.

Notes

Far North District
Populated places in the Northland Region


Sheldon David "Scott" English (January 10, 1937 – November 16, 2018) was an American songwriter, arranger and record producer. He is best known as the co-writer of "Brandy" which he wrote with Richard Kerr. The song became a No. 1 hit for Barry Manilow in 1974, with the title changed to "Mandy". English had also released a single of "Brandy" which reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in November 1971, and entered the US charts in March 1972.

Life and career
English was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States.

In 1960, he released his first single, "4,000 Miles Away", on Dot Records. In 1964, English had a regional doo-wop hit called "High on a Hill", written by Frank Cariola and A. Mangravito. "High on a Hill" has consistently been voted an all-time top song on oldies radio stations in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. It also reached No. 3 in popularity on the San Francisco Bay Area radio charts, and peaked at #4 in Los Angeles (source: KRLA Top 30 Survey, Feb.-Mar. 1964).

With Larry Weiss, he wrote "Bend Me, Shape Me", which became a hit for the Chicago-based band the American Breed, reaching No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1968 and also becoming a hit in the UK for Amen Corner. The song had been recorded a year earlier by the Outsiders as an album track on In (1967).

English and Weiss, whom he met through arranger Claus Ogerman, became good friends. Together, they penned "Help Me Girl" (1966), which was a hit for two acts in late 1966: Eric Burdon (solo for Decca, a UK No. 14 hit) and the Outsiders. They also penned Lynne Randell's "Ciao Baby" (1967) and Jeff Beck's hit "Hi Ho Silver Lining", originally recorded by English group the Attack in early 1967.

English produced the song "West Virginia" by the Elves in 1969 (a band later known as Elf) which featured Ronnie James Dio on bass and vocals. He later produced Thin Lizzy's eponymous debut album Thin Lizzy (1971). He co-wrote the song "Words Don't Mean a Thing" with Lynsey De Paul, who released her version of the song on her album Just a Little Time. The song was also featured on the 2008 album Songs from the British Academy, Vol. 1. A Spanish version was released by Cadafal on their album En La Carretera.

In 1998, English was credited as a co-writer with Simon Stirling and Phil Mankiza on the UK entry in the Eurovision Song Contest, "Where Are You?", performed by Imaani.
In 2014, English appeared on BBC Radio London's Jo Good Show, debuting new song "Holla" which he wrote for WestWay Beats.

He died in England on 16 November 2018 at the age of 81, due to complications of hip surgery.

Discography

as Scott English

Albums
 Scott English (1978)

Singles
 "4,000 Miles Away" (1960)
 "High on a Hill" (1964) (US Pop #77)
 "Brandy" (1971)
 "Denver Calling" (1971)
 "Waterfall Woman" (1971)
 "Ballad of the Unloved" (1972)
 "He Was Me He Was You" (1972)
 "Dark Eyed Daughter of Love" (1973)
 "Rescue Man" (1973)
 "Mobile" (1973)
 "Camp Followin' Rosie" (1973)
 "Moonlight Lady" (1974)
 "Something's Missin' in My Life" (1974)
 "Dance ('Till You're Out of My Life)" (1978)
 "Stay" (1978)

Selected credits

1960s
Al Martino. "Adios Mexico" (1966)
Eric Burdon. "Help Me, Girl" (1966)
The Toys. "Ciao Baby" (1966)
The Montanas. "Ciao Baby" (1967)
The Outsiders. "Bend Me, Shape Me" (1967)
The American Breed. "Bend Me, Shape Me", "Don't Make Me Leave You" (1967)
Jeff Beck. "Hi Ho Silver Lining" (1967)
 Peter Law. "Lingering On" (1967)
Lynne Randell. "Ciao Baby" (1967)
Group Check. "Ciao Baby" (1968)
The American Breed. "Cool It (We're Not Alone)" (1968)
Amen Corner. "Bend Me Shape Me" (1968)
James & Bobby Purify. "Help Yourself (To All Of My Lovin')" (1968)
Joe Simon. "Help Yourself (To All My Lovin')" (1969)
Mama Cass. "Welcome To The World" (1968)

1970s
Steve & Albert. "Follow The Bouncing Ball" (1970)
The Glass Bottle. "Wonderwheel" (1971)
Greyhound. "I Am What I Am" (1972)
Bunny Walters. "Brandy" (1972)
Raiders: "Ballad Of The Unloved" (1972)
Al Wilson. "All For You" (1973)
The Bells. "He Was Me, He Was You" (1973)
Barry Manilow. "Mandy" (1974)

1980s
Barry Mann & Carole King. "You're The Only One" (1980)
Black Lace. "Hi Ho Silver Lining" (1984)
Slade. "Hi Ho Silver Lining" (1985)

1990s
Lynsey De Paul. "Words Don't Mean A Thing" (1994)
Alan Parsons. "One Day To Fly" (1996)
Imaani. "Something's Changing" (1998)
Imaani. "Where Are You" (1998)

2000s
Syria. "Manca di te" (2000)
Indiana [BE]. "Imitation Love" (2002)
Sarah Kreuz. "Gipsy Girl" (2009)
Sarah Kreuz. "I'll Be Yours" (2009)
Sarah Kreuz. "Whenever It's Raining" (2009)
Sarah Kreuz. "You Carried Me" (200)
Spike [UK]. "The Brooklyn Bridge" (2014)
Spike [UK]. Bonnie Tyler. "Fortune" (2014)
Westway Beats. "Holla" (2014)
Westway Beats. "Famous" (2015)
Westway Beats. "Ruby Rain" (2015)
Bob Welch. "Bend Me, Shape Me"
Arthur Louis. "If Ever I Need You" (2009)

References

External links

1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths in England
American male singers
Record producers from New York (state)
Songwriters from New York (state)
Singers from New York City
Musicians from Brooklyn
American male songwriters


Frankfurt on the Hudson: The German-Jewish Community of Washington Heights, 1933-1983, Its structure and Culture is a scholarly book by Steven M. Lowenstein, Ph.D., about Jewish immigrants from Germany who settled in Washington Heights, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan.

Dr. Lowenstein grew up in Washington Heights and returned to research the book, which was published in 1989 by Wayne State University Press. He writes in the introduction, "... I tried to reconstruct a picture of the process by which a traditionally community becomes less traditional. In the course of the study I came to the conclusion that the process of change was both slower and more complex than that suggested in the conventional picture of developments in modern Jewry. In this study of the German Jews of Washington Heights, I investigate the end result of the process of modernization of one group of German Jews. I do this with the full recognition that Washington Heights represents only one extreme of the spectrum of German Jewry."

Dr. Lowenstein is the Isadora Levine professor of Jewish history at the American Jewish University, which has campuses in Bel-Air and Brandeis, Calif. He earned his B.A. at the City College of New York and his M.A. and Ph.D. at Princeton University.

The neighborhood known as "Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson" became much more diverse in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s it became known as Hudson Heights.

See also
Yekke

References

External links
 Guide to the Papers of Steven M. Lowenstein at the Leo Baeck Institute. It includes manuscripts and research notes relating to Frankfurt on the Hudson.

1989 non-fiction books
American history books
20th-century history books
History books about ethnic groups
German-Jewish culture in New York City
Books about New York City
Yekke
Works about German-American culture


Craig Olejnik (born June 1, 1979) is a Canadian actor.

Early life
Olejnik graduated from West Kings District High School in Auburn, Nova Scotia. His father was in the military. His grandparents immigrated to Canada from Poland.

Career
Olejnik is known for his lead role in the television series The Listener as Toby Logan, a paramedic with the power to read minds by hearing others' thoughts and seeing events that happened to them from their point of view. His previous work includes Runaway, Thir13en Ghosts, Margaret's Museum and Wolf Lake. He is also the director, writer and producer of the film Interview with a Zombie.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian male actors
Canadian cinematographers
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian people of Polish descent
Male actors from Halifax, Nova Scotia


The following is a list of ecoregions in Libya, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions

Palearctic

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
 Mediterranean woodlands and forests

Deserts and xeric shrublands
 North Saharan steppe and woodlands
 Sahara Desert
 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands
 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands

Flooded grasslands and savannas
 Saharan halophytics

Freshwater ecoregions
 Permanent Maghreb
 Temporary Maghreb
 Dry Sahel

Marine ecoregions
 Levantine Sea
 Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Libya
Ecoregions


KJJZ (95.9 FM, "Kool 95.9") is a radio station licensed to Indian Wells, California and broadcasting to the greater Coachella Valley and the Morongo Basin, including Palm Springs.  Owned by Marker Broadcasting, it broadcasts an oldies radio format.  The studios are on Merle Drive in Palm Desert.

History
The station first signed on as KAJR and aired an adult hits format as "95.9 Jack FM". The station was launched to give the Coachella Valley a Jack-FM branded station as (KCBS-FM) in Los Angeles, was about 100 miles (160 km) to the west, and could not be listened to in the Coachella Valley.

Three years later in 2010, the station rebranded as "95.9 The Oasis" and adapted a soft adult contemporary format. On August 15, 2016, KJJZ rebranded as "Kool 95.9". In March 2021, the station flipped to hot adult contemporary, maintaining the "Kool 95.9" branding and adding the syndicated Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and On Air with Ryan Seacrest.

On September 20, 2021, KJJZ tweaked their format from hot adult contemporary to Top 40/CHR, branded as "Hot 95.9".

On August 22, 2022, KJJZ changed their format from Top 40/CHR to 1960s-1970s oldies, branded as "Kool 95.9".

KJJZ-HD2
On January 28, 2018, KJJZ launched an alternative rock format on its HD2 subchannel, branded as "Alt 101.5". This was the first time the Palm Springs area had an alternative rock station since KMRJ abandoned the format in 2008.  The subchannel feeds FM translator K268AH at 101.5 FM in Palm Springs.

KJJZ-HD3
KJJZ offers a sports radio format on its HD3 subchannel.  Programming is mostly from CBS Sports Radio.  It also carries the syndicated Dan Patrick Show from Fox Sports Radio.  The subchannel feeds FM translator K274DA at 102.7 FM in Thousand Palms.  This programming was previously heard on KXPS 1010 AM.  On June 1, 2022, KXPS went silent.

KJJZ-HD4
On August 26, 2022, KJJZ began broadcasting a dance music format on its HD4 subchannel, branded as "NRG" pronouced like the word "energy"  The HD4 channel is paired with FM translator K265FH at 100.9 FM in Cathedral City.  That translator station had been used to rebroadcast KPSF (1200 AM). The HD4 subchannel and 100.9 translator are programmed independently from KJJZ.  They are operated by NRG Broadcasting, LLC.   On June 1, 2022, KPSF went silent.

On September 28, 2023, the "NRG" dance format ceased broadcasting on KJJZ-HD4 and K265FH, but continues its online stream through its website.

References

External links

JJZ
Radio stations established in 2007
Oldies radio stations in the United States


Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro (often referred to as "Porto Seguro" or "CVPS", formerly named "Deutsche Schule" (German School)) is a private bilingual school located in the neighborhood of Morumbi, in São Paulo, Brazil. The school was founded in 1878 by German immigrants, who wished a school in which their children could learn about German culture, without losing the connection with Brazil.
It was elected by Veja magazine as the best school of São Paulo. Nowadays, the school has several other related units. Its main unit had the 149th best national performance at the 2014 ENEM in a ranking of 15640; the Panamby unit was ranked at 236 and the Valinhos unit had the 67th best performance.

History
The school was founded on September 22, 1878, as "Deutsche Schule", located in a rented building at Florêncio de Abreu Street, in downtown São Paulo. D. Pedro II visited the school in 1886. In 1913, the school moved to its own building at the Olinda Street, present day Praça Roosevelt. As the demand for school enrollment grew, two new units were built, one in Consolação, and the other in Barra Funda. In 1943, due to the Second World War, it changed its name to "Ginásio Brasileiro Alemão" (German-Brazilian Elementary School), and later to Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro, after Francisco de Vahrnhagen, German-Brazilian historian.

In 1974, the school moved to its current location, in Morumbi,  with its main entrance in Clementinne Brenne Street. Famous German musician Karl Richter was hired to direct the Colégio Porto Seguro Choir (Coral do Colégio Porto Seguro). Later on, in 1982, Karl Carstens, president of West Germany, became another notable visitor.

In 1982, the Valinhos branch was founded. Valinhos was, at the time, a major residence for German immigrants, who had come to work for companies located in the region. In 1997, the Panamby unit was founded in order to answer to the high demand for room at the original Morumbi branch. The inauguration of the new branch had the Vice Chancellor of Germany Joschka Fischer as a guest.

In 2003, when the institution celebrated its 125th anniversary, more than 46,000 people attended the celebration event that took place at the Estádio do Morumbi, located near the school. During the celebration, Brazilian singer Fafá de Belém sang the School's anthem.

In 2002, the first "Portinho" was founded, in front of the Panamby unit. In 2007, the second "Portinho", built inside Morumbi unit, was founded. This portinho was built where once has been one of the parking lots of the school. Nowadays, there's only one underground parking lot, with two floors.

Academics

Subjects
From 1st to 4th grade, students have Portuguese, mathematics, sciences (mostly basic notions of biology and anatomy), history/geography, German (up to 2006, German was taught only from 3rd grade on), music, visual arts and physical education classes. On the 5th grade, history and geography are taught separately, music is no longer taught, English classes are introduced and plastic arts now teaches basic notions of geometry. On the 8th grade, Spanish classes are introduced. At high school, all subjects determined by the Brazilian Ministry of Education are taught: Portuguese, English, history, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology. German and Spanish are kept until 2nd grade, and plastic arts/geometry is taught up to 1st grade. Also, at 3rd grade, Portuguese is divided into Portuguese (grammar and literature) and Composition (because many universities require a composition for admission at their vestibulares), and the "Atualidades", a subject in which main events taking place during the time the class is given are discussed, was introduced in 2008.

Curricula
There are two curricula (or Zugs, in German): A (Brazilian curriculum) and B (German curriculum). Sometimes the C curriculum (see below) is also considered.

A curriculum (currículo A; A-Zug)
The Brazilian curriculum follows the same system explained above.

B curriculum (currículo B; B-Zug)
B curriculum has a more German-oriented system. Therefore, most of its students are German Brazilian. Apart from the normal classes the A curriculum have, they have also study History, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Arts, Music, English, Spanish (facultative), French (facultative and paid), PE (for the 1st to 4th grade plus abitur) and German classes taught in German  (Geschichte, Mathematik, Physik, Chemie, Biologie, Kunst, Musik, Englisch, Spanisch, Fanzösisch, Sport and Deutsch respectively). Classes are often smaller (containing around 20 students, in opposition to the normal 35 students of A curriculum classes), and students take the classes in the morning, along with the remaining morning students. B alumni also have the opportunity for taking the Abitur exams in the school.

C curriculum (currículo C; C-Zug)
The C curriculum offers free classes for students from the Paraisópolis favela, located near the school. Those classes are taken in the afternoon, together with the afternoon students. All books, notebooks, clothes and food are provided free.

Other units
Apart from the Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade I, which is the first and main unit, there are also other units, such as:
 Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade II, in Valinhos
 Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade III, at Panamby, a borough of São Paulo (this unit does not have the B curriculum).
There are also the "Portinhos" (literally Little Portos), which work much like a day care.
 Portinho Panamby
 Portinho Morumbi, located inside the Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade I
 Portinho Valinhos, located inside the Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade II

All units together have about 10,500 students and 550 teachers.

See also
 German Brazilian

Notable alumni
 Robert Scheidt – Sailor
 Queen Silvia of Sweden
 Thaissa Presti - Track and field sprint athlete
 Rodrigo Hübner Mendes - Young Global Leader

References

 B curriculum at the official site
 History of the school at Projeto 125 Anos

External links
 Official website
 Site for ex-students
 Projeto 125 Anos - Website dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the school

Educational institutions established in 1878
International schools in São Paulo
Private schools in Brazil
1878 establishments in Brazil
German international schools in Brazil
European-Brazilian culture in São Paulo


Mgr Anselm Bourke, born Nicholas Bourke, (Dublin, 10 September 1835 – West Perth, 2 June 1924) was a Roman Catholic priest of Irish origins. He was prominent in Catholic education for several decades, and also founded the West Perth (now Northbridge) parish of the Church in 1901. He made his profession as a Benedictine monk in 1858, but got dispensation from his monastic vows from the Vatican in 1871; therefore, he cannot be called a Benedictine.

He was still studying to become a priest of the Benedictine order when he arrived in Western Australia on 24 May 1855 aboard the Lady Amhurst with the Spanish Benedictine Father José María Benito Serra OSB -also known as Joseph Serra in Western Australia-, and several other clergymen, mostly Spaniards, but also Irish and French. He made his religious profession on 26 July 1858, and completed his education and was ordained in 1859.

In 1860, Bourke was appointed to teach at the Roman Catholic boys' schools at Fremantle and Perth, where he became known as an able scholar and teacher. In 1864, he was appointed the first parish priest of York—prior to this, the parish had been administered by priests from Toodyay and New Norcia. He lived in simple quarters at the rear of the church and conducted Mass every Sunday. During his time in York, he employed ten ticket of leave men, including three as teachers.

Returning to Perth in 1870, he became the chaplain of Fremantle Prison, and taught at various schools. He got dispensation from his monastic vows on 30 April 4, 1871, but his name would still be the one he used in his profession, for which he was known in the Colony, not his birth one.

The troublesome years of Bourke, his erratic behaviour and apparent mental problems, his difficult disengagement from the Benedictines and from New Norcia, as well as his temporary exile from Western Australia, ignored by most scholars until now, are mentioned by Dr. Teresa De Castro.

In 1885, he became the first resident priest of the Vasse region at Busselton. In 1889, on returning to Perth, he became Vicar General for Western Australia serving under Bishop Matthew Gibney, and served voluntarily as New Norcia's agent in Perth, and canvassed the Government for a Roman Catholic representative on the Education Board.

He also became active in the debate over state aid to private schools, which had existed since 1871 and had become central to the public debate leading to the June 1894 elections in Western Australia. With the help of three Catholic members of the Legislative Assembly, he founded the Education Defence League to lobby for the continuation of state aid. The normally mild-mannered priest caused some sensation at a public meeting prior to the election by suggesting violence would result if state aid were lifted. The battle was ultimately lost—the MPs who had supported him lost their seats at the election, and in late 1895 the Government passed a bill bringing the funding arrangement to an end.

In August 1894, he resigned as Vicar General, desiring to retire to New Norcia, but changed his mind thereafter, deciding that the number of Catholics arriving in Western Australia due to the gold rush and the cause of maintaining the private schools justified his continued presence. He became Chairman of the Education Board, a position which he held for a number of years. He was also a patron and benefactor of the Sisters of Mercy and financed St Mary's in Leederville and St Brigid's in West Perth, apparently from his own funds. He became a Monsignor in 1898 and the inaugural parish priest for West Perth in 1901, residing in the Presbytery of St Brigid's in Fitzgerald Street for the rest of his life. He also became involved with the foundation of the University of Western Australia.

He died in West Perth in 1924.

The Archives of New Norcia keeps an important group of letters addressed from Bourke to the superiors of the monastery, especially to Bishop Rosendo Salvado OSB. Those offer a real portray of Bourke's personality, personal troubles, opinions and interests on relevant matters for his time. This information is completed by the many references to Bourke found in other letters kept in New Norcia Archives, especially in the correspondence between Bishop Martin Griver and Bishop Rosendo Salvado.

References

19th-century Australian Roman Catholic priests
History of Western Australia
Education in Western Australia
20th-century Australian Roman Catholic priests
1924 deaths
1835 births
Australian Benedictines
Former Benedictines
Australian people of Irish descent


Ford Airport may refer to:

 Ford Airport (Iron Mountain) in Iron Mountain, Michigan, United States (FAA/IATA: IMT)
 Ford Airport (Dearborn) in Dearborn, Michigan, United States (closed 1947)
 Gerald R. Ford International Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States (FAA/IATA: GRR)
 Wendell H. Ford Airport in Hazard, Kentucky, United States (FAA: K20)
 RNAS Ford, former RAF airfield now the site of Ford Open Prison


Batilly may refer to the following communes in France:

 Batilly, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Batilly, Orne, in the Orne department
 Batilly-en-Gâtinais, in the Loiret department
 Batilly-en-Puisaye, in the Loiret department


The 2006 Qatar Open, known as the 2006 Qatar ExxonMobil Open, for sponsorship reasons, was an ATP Tour men's tennis tournament held in Doha, Qatar from 2 January until 7 January 2006. First-seeded Roger Federer won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

Finals

Singles

 Roger Federer defeated  Gaël Monfils, 6–3, 7–6(7–5)
 It was Federer's 1st singles title of the year and the 34th of his career.

Doubles

 Jonas Björkman /  Max Mirnyi defeated  Christophe Rochus /  Olivier Rochus, 2–6, 6–3, [10–8]

References

External links
 Qatar Tennis Federation official site
 ATP tournament profile

Qatar Open
2006 in Qatari sport
Qatar Open (tennis)


The Falls River is a  river located in Essex, Connecticut. It begins in the Pond Meadow area of Ivoryton and runs for about  through Essex. Its beginnings are visible from Comstock Field at the end of Park Road in Ivoryton. Before that it runs to a small pond behind the L.C. Doane Company near Pond Meadow Road. It runs along the old Sohmer Piano Factory, under Walnut Street, and along Main Street. It continues to run along Main Street, being very visible near the Lutheran Church. It eventually winds its way to the Connecticut River, near a parcel of conserved land called Osage Trails.

See also
List of rivers of Connecticut

References

. USGS. Retrieved on 2008-02-03.

Essex, Connecticut
Rivers of Middlesex County, Connecticut
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Connecticut


Green Seal is a non-profit environmental standard development and certification organization. Its flagship program is the certification of products and services. Certification is based on Green Seal standards, which contain performance, health, and sustainability criteria.

The Green Seal is an ecolabel used by product manufacturers and services providers. The Green Seal Certification Mark is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Green Seal is a U.S. member and co-founder of Global Ecolabelling Network (GEN), which consists of 27 international ecolabeling programs, including Germany's Blue Angel, the EU Ecolabel, and the Nordic swan. Green Seal meets the Criteria for Third-Party Certifiers of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the requirements for standard development organizations of the American National Standards Institute, and the principles for environmental labels of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 14020 and 14024).

History
Since its founding in 1989, Green Seal has developed environmental standards for hundreds of categories of products and services. Green Seal published a series of buying guides for purchasers in the 1990s (the Choose Green Reports) and at that time began providing technical assistance to Federal, State, and local governments and other institutions' environmental purchasing, operations, and facilities management. In the early 2000s, the certification program focused primarily on building maintenance. In 2006, the US Green Building Council LEED rating system included several Green Seal standards in their criteria. Practice Greenhealth, the AASHE STARS program, and the Green Ribbon Schools Program of the U.S. Department of Education, among others, reference Green Seal standards. According to a 2010 study by the Responsible Purchasing Network, the Green Seal was recognized by 95% of purchasers and used by 76%.

Standards and certification
Products and services must meet the requirements in Green Seal standards in order to achieve certification. The standards are based on a life cycle approach, considering such impacts as those from raw materials extraction, manufacturing, use, and re-use or disposal.   The evaluation process includes review of data; assessment of labeling, marketing, and promotional materials; and on-site auditing.   Products or services become certified by Green Seal after these evaluations are completed. Regular compliance monitoring is required to maintain certification.

Green Seal has standards and provides certification for products and services in the following categories:

 Building Equipment & Construction Materials
 Cleaning Products & Services
 Company Certification
 Environmental Innovation
 Food Packaging & Paper
 Hotels & Lodging
 Household Cleaning Products
 Industrial & Institutional Cleaning Products
 Paint & Coating Products
 Printing and Writing Paper
 Sanitary Paper Products
 Restaurant & Food Services

Institutional greening programs
Green Seal works and worked with government agencies, healthcare facilities, universities, and other institutions and companies on sustainable purchasing, operations, and facilities management.

 Green business projects have included the City of Los Angeles Green Business Program and Green Lodging Program,   the City of Chicago Green Hotels Initiative,   and the Pennsylvania Green Hotels Program.
 Green purchasing projects have included assisting in green procurement for the State of California Procurement Division;  City of Los Angeles Green Purchasing Action Plan;   Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Environmentally and Socially Responsible Procurement Program;   Los Angeles County Green Procurement Manual;    National Park Service Green Purchasing Manual;   State of Colorado Green Purchasing Evaluation and Training;   Multi-State Department of Transportation Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Guide;    and the World Bank Purchasing Program.
 Green building operations and maintenance projects have included specifications for the City of Philadelphia;   an operations and maintenance manual for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania;   environmental evaluations for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the World Bank headquarters facilities; a green facilities plan for the Susquehanna Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired (SABVI);   an environmental facilities assessment of the three University of Miami campuses;   and an operations and maintenance manual for Public Housing Authorities developed in conjunction with Siemens Industries.

Green Seal publications
Green Seal publishes books and articles on sustainability including:

 Greening Food and Beverage Services: a Green Seal Guide to Transforming the Industry
 Green Building Operations & Maintenance Manual: a Guide for Public Housing Authorities
 NACo Green Purchasing Toolkit

See also

 Environment of the United States
 Global Ecolabelling Network
 ISO 14000
 Life cycle assessment

References

External links
 Green Seal
 Environmental Media Association

Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Environment of the United States
Environmental certification


is the fourth studio album by Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation, released on March 5, 2008.

Release
Unlike the band's previous yearly studio albums, the conception and release of World World World spanned almost two years. The album's lead single, "Aru Machi no Gunjō," was released in November 2006, and after spending nearly the entirety of 2007 touring and performing at festivals, AKFG ended the year with the release of its second single, "After Dark." The third and final single, "Korogaru Iwa, Kimi ni Asa ga Furu" was released a month prior to the album's drop.

Despite the significant time span between the releases, both the LP and all three singles were well received. Alongside World World World debuting at number one on the Oricon chart, AKFG was once more selected to produce the opening theme for yet another highly popular anime series, with "After Dark" being chosen as the seventh opening of Bleach.

Track listing

Personnel
Masafumi Gotō – lead vocals, guitar, lyrics
Kensuke Kita – lead guitar, background vocals
Takahiro Yamada –  bass, background vocals
Kiyoshi Ijichi – drums
Asian Kung-Fu Generation – producer
Yusuke Nakamura – art direction

Chart positions

Album

Singles

References
 CDJapan

Asian Kung-Fu Generation albums
2008 albums
Japanese-language albums
Sony Music albums


Lyle Franklin Lane (September 19, 1926 – December 26, 2013) was a United States diplomat.

Among his overseas posts Ambassador Lane served as the first Chief of Mission of the United States Interests Section in Havana (heading the return of U.S. diplomats to Cuba in 1977),  United States Ambassador to Uruguay, and United States Ambassador to Paraguay.

Biography

A career diplomat, Lyle Lane joined the United States Foreign Service in 1952. His overseas postings include:
  United States Ambassador to Paraguay (1980–82)
  United States Ambassador to Uruguay (1979–80)
  Head of Mission to United States Interests Section in Havana (1977–79)
  United States Deputy Chief of Mission to Peru (1976–77)
  United States Deputy Chief of Mission / Chargé d'affaires to Costa Rica (1972–76)
  Regional Office of Central American Projects (ROCAP) Guatemala (1966–68)
  United States Principal Officer of Consulate, Cebu, Philippines (1962–66)
  United States Diplomatic Political Officer and Aid to Ambassador John Davis Lodge, Madrid, Spain (1955–59)
  United States Consul, Guayaquil, Ecuador (1953–55)

Ambassador Lane also served as International Affairs Adviser to the Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Atlantic Command (CINCLANT) and NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT).

Ambassador Lane received degrees from University of Washington (B.S. 1950) and George Washington University (M.S. 1969).  At U.W. he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity.

Ambassador Lane was married to Jaclyn Fuller.

Havana
The US broke diplomatic relations with Cuba on January 3, 1961, formally due to a disagreement about staffing levels at the respective Embassies. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower stated at the time, "There is a limit to what the United States in self-respect can endure. That limit has now been reached". Protective powers were appointed to represent each country in the capital of the other. The US was represented by Switzerland in Havana, and the Cubans by Czechoslovakia in Washington. These offices, sections of the respective embassies, were staffed by Swiss and Czechoslovak diplomats.

US and Cuban Interests Sections staffed by actual US and Cuban diplomats were mutually agreed upon in 1977 after the Carter Administration took office and decided to seek normalization of relations with Cuba. US officials replaced the Swiss in the US Interests Section in Havana on September 1, 1977. Both under the Swiss and later with US staff, the Section has occupied the former United States Embassy building on Havana's Malecon which was designed by Harrison & Abramovitz architects and originally entered into service in 1953. When relations were broken in 1961, the building was occupied, and its contents safeguarded, by the Swiss Embassy personnel who handled US Interests in Cuba on behalf of the US Government as the protecting power until the arrival of the US staff in 1977.

The Swiss staff included some of the Foreign Service national employees (Cuban citizens) who were working at the US Embassy when relations were broken. Sixteen years later, when the US Government resumed its presence, many of them remained and resumed their direct employment. Most of the local hires employed by the Swiss also continued their employment. New hires were obtained through CUBALSE, the Cuban Government enterprise that serviced diplomatic missions.

The initial American staffing of the Section consisted of ten State Department Officials and a plain clothes US Marine guard detachment. By mutual agreement, the Cubans had an equal  number of staff in Washington. Lyle Franklin Lane was the first Chief of the Interests Section in Havana.

References

External links

 United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission by Country, 1778-2005
 Lyle Franklin Lane at The Political Graveyard
 Lyle Lane discusses mutual exchange program between United States and Cuba
 Lyle Franklin Lane at Namebase.org
 Lyle Franklin Lane at The American Presidency Project (United States Ambassador to Uruguay Nomination)
 Lyle Franklin Lane at The American Presidency Project (United States Ambassador to Paraguay Nomination)
 Lyle Franklin Lane in the Philippine Star

Citations
 Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History By Jane Franklin
 The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945 By George Wright
 Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986 By Morris H. Morley
 Reversing Relations with Former Adversaries: U.S. Foreign Policy After the Cold War By C. Richard Nelson, Kenneth Weisbrode
 United Nations Treaty Collention
  United Nations Treaty Collention

Ambassadors of the United States to Paraguay
Ambassadors of the United States to Uruguay
1926 births
People from Tacoma, Washington
University of Washington alumni
Elliott School of International Affairs alumni
George Washington University alumni
2013 deaths
United States Foreign Service personnel


The Sand Hutton Miniature Railway was a miniature gauge estate railway serving the estate of Sir Robert Walker, the Fourth Baronet of Sand Hutton, Yorkshire, England.

History

Walker began experimenting with a  gauge miniature railway in 1910. In 1912 he decided to build a miniature railway of that gauge in the grounds of Sand Hutton hall. By the end of the year, 350 yards of track had been laid and the locomotive Synolda had been acquired. By the end of 1913 the railway had been extended to , and was extended again by  in 1914.

At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the railway went into hiatus. Most of the local men joined the war effort and the Hall and grounds largely closed. After the war, Walker returned to the Hall and re-opened it. He planned to extend the miniature railway to connect with the nearby North Eastern Railway station at Warthill, a total distance of . This longer line was intended to serve as the main transportation system for the estate. A Light Railway Order was applied for and granted, in January 1920.

Work on the extension started in May 1920 with the trackbed being constructed near Warthill station. By the end of the year the trackbed was complete as far as Sand Hutton, and work was underway on the  long branch to the brickworks at Claxton. However much of the new line was steeply graded and it became obvious that a miniature locomotive like Synolda would not be capable of working the new line efficiently. Walker began searching for a more powerful solution to his transportation needs.

In December 1920 the Government announced the sale of the equipment from the  gauge railway at the Deptford Meat Depot. This included track and rolling stock of a much more substantial nature. Walker purchased most of the Deptford equipment and set about converting the miniature railway into the Sand Hutton Light Railway. By 1922 the last remains of the miniature railway were gone and the remaining rolling stock was up for sale.

Rolling stock

The railway used four 4-wheel open carriages built by Basset-Lowke, each seating up to eight passengers. Walker also had two vehicles built at Sand Hutton: a closed bogie salon carriage and a 4-wheel closed brake van. The salon carriage survived the line and passed to the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway

References

Miniature railways in the United Kingdom
Railway lines opened in 1912
Closed railway lines in Yorkshire and the Humber
15 in gauge railways in England
1912 establishments in England


Solidaridad Obrera (Spanish, meaning "Workers' Solidarity"; originally, in Catalan, Solidaritat Obrera) was a labor federation in Catalonia, Spain. It was initially formed on August 3, 1907, as a "pure syndicalist" federation, incorporating the structures of the Unió Local de Societats Obreres de Barcelona ("Local Union of Workers' Societies of Barcelona") with the purpose of reorganizing the Catalan trade unions. These unions were quite weak at the time, due to the failure of a 1902 general strike which had sought the eight-hour day and the recognition of the right to strike.

There were two constituent meetings of what was initially the Federació Local de Societats Obreres de Barcelona ("Local Federation of Workers' Societies of Barcelona", June 1907), which agreed to publish a common manifesto to constitute an organizing committee, which included Antoni Fabra, Josep Prat, and Tomás Herreros.

The federation established a rule that they would only enroll organizations composed exclusively of workers. They quickly acquired an enormous force among the working class, affiliating many Catalan workers' societies in the congress of September 6–8, 1908, and reconstituting themselves as Catalan Regional Workers' Solidarity. That same year the newspaper Solidaritat Obrera published a manifesto rejecting the proposed Anti-Terrorism Law of the government led by Antonio Maura. Though the federation initially spurned partisanship, and alignment with either the Marxist or anarchist brand of socialism, the congress held on June 13, 1909, brought approval of the general strike, and effective takeover by the anarcho-syndicalists in the federation.

After a major general strike in Barcelona, which ended in the executions of several anarchists, the government repressed elements of the anarchist movement, these events being referred to as the "Tragic Week" (Spanish: la Semana Trágica; Catalan: la Setmana Tràgica). The following repression of workers' movements brought Solidaridad Obrera's activities to a virtual standstill.

The reestablished confederation held its second congress in Barcelona in 31 October–1 November 1910, in which it discussed widening its ambit to all of Spain, a sensitive decision because the rival Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) already had a sound foundation in the rest of Spain, although not in Catalonia, where it constituted a minority. By a wide margin, they voted to constitute themselves as a workers confederation throughout Spain: the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT, "National Workers' Confederation").

References

Sources

History of anarchism
Trade unions established in 1907
Syndicalism
Syndicalist trade unions
Trade unions in Spain
Anarchist organisations in Spain
1907 establishments in Catalonia
Trade unions disestablished in 1910


Jonathon Charles Welch  (born 5 October 1958) is an Australian choral conductor, opera singer and voice teacher. As a singer, Welch has been a tenor for the Victoria State Opera, Lyric Opera of Queensland and Opera Australia.

During 2006 Welch was invited to be the choirmaster for the Fremantle TV production known as The Choir of Hard Knocks comprising homeless and disadvantaged singers from Melbourne. The TV producer was Jason Stephens and the five-part documentary series was televised during mid-2007 on Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

In June 2009 on the Queen's Birthday, Welch was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia with the citation, "For service to the arts as an operatic performer and vocal coach, and to the community as the founder and musical director of the Choir of Hard Knocks". On 1 April that year he had released his autobiography, Choir Man.

Biography
Welch grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Ripponlea. His father, Kenneth Welch, was an engineer born in Sydney to English parents Thomas Archibald and Ella Thrale Welch. His mother, Olive Margaret Hando, was the daughter of Charles and Florence Amelia Hando, farmers from Charlton in rural Victoria. Kenneth and Olive married in 1948 and settled in Melbourne, where Olive worked as a legal secretary. Welch's older sister is Andrea (born c. 1951) and his older brother is Glenn (born c. 1953). They have an adopted younger sister, Elizabeth. Welch attended Ripponlea Primary School. His first job, at eight years old, was selling newspapers directly to motorists. Olive and Andrea sang and played the piano at home, while Kenneth enjoyed listening to opera and Gilbert and Sullivan.

At the age of seven or eight, Welch crafted his first public performance – on the stairs to his school's library – a self-adapted version of Winnie the Pooh and charged his fellow school mates sixpence each. In October 1966 he started piano lessons with Valda Johnstone. As a boy soprano, Welch sang at the local Presbyterian Church, St Margaret's. His parents separated in 1969 and subsequently divorced – the four children remained with Olive. He completed his secondary education at Melbourne High School and commenced a teaching course at Melbourne State College (which later became a faculty of the University of Melbourne).

By 1980 Welch left his teaching course and became a member of the Victoria State Opera chorus as a tenor, making his professional debut in 1981. Olive died of lung cancer when he was 23 years old. He performed in the Victorian State Opera's first production of The Pirates of Penzance (1983). He followed with four years (1984 to 1988) in Brisbane, where he became principal tenor for the Lyric Opera of Queensland while also studying at Queensland Conservatorium of Music. In 1988 Welch joined Opera Australia as a tenor and sang alongside Joan Sutherland at the Sydney Opera House. By 1994 he had founded Tenor Australis with fellow tenor, Gerry Sword. In 1997 he worked with the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Choir and by year's end was their musical director.

At the end of 1999 Welch travelled to Canada for a holiday. While there, he read a magazine article about Montreal's Homeless Men's Choir. In 2001 Welch formed the Sydney Street Choir – to establish a choir of homeless people for a television project. He also formed or has led other choirs including Geelong Pop Choir and Pop Kidz, Australian Pop Choir, and Melbourne Gay and Lesbian Chorus. In 2003 Welch explained his motivation:

During 2006 Welch was invited to be the choirmaster for the Choir of Hard Knocks by Jason Stephens It was funded by RecLink, a non-profit charity and welfare organisation. The process of forming the ensemble was televised on Australian Broadcasting Corporation during mid-2007 as a five-part documentary series. Also that year, Welch issued a solo album, With a Song in My Heart on ABC Records.

From June to August 2008 Welch was a judge on TV talent competition, Battle of the Choirs. In March 2009 he had a falling out with RecLink and The Choir of Hard Knocks was replaced by Choir of Hope and Inspiration in April. He also started a new community project, THECHO!R, that year. Welch developed another choir, Voices from the Inside, for the November 2009 TV series, Jail Birds, with female inmates of HM Prison Tarrengower.

In November 2009, Welch created the inaugural national Social Inclusion Week "to connect people, encourage participation and form communities". Social Inclusion Week, held annually since its inception, is in the last week of November each year.

Welch was the music director for the KwaYa Uganda project in September 2012 and April 2013.

Beyond Hard Knocks, a "where are they now" documentary on the journey of the original Choir of Hard Knocks members and their founding director, was released in September 2013 and shown on GEM TV in November 2014.

The inaugural Australian cruise of the performing arts on the  in November 2014 included Welch as well as, among others, Cheryl Barker, David Hobson, Colin Lane, Teddy Tahu Rhodes, Simon Tedeschi, Elaine Paige, and Marina Prior.

In addition to the information above, Welch has founded:
 Melbourne Festival of Choirs between 2010 and 2012. This became the Melbourne International Singers Festival from 2013. This Festival is held annually over the Queen's Birthday Weekend in June.
 Sing For a Cure, cancer fundraising concert series launched 2011
 School of Hard Knocks, launched September 2012 and now known as Upbeat Arts
 Only Women Aloud, formed September 2012
 Melbourne Eisteddfod, launched in 2013
 Brisbane International Singers Festival in 2016
 Play It Forward in September 2018. Play It Forward provides a unique range of tailored inclusive arts programs, events and projects for all Australians.

Welch finished as artistic director with Choir of Hard Knocks in December 2018, after 13 years in the role. Danielle Matthews and Adam Przewlocki have taken over as the choir's co-artistic directors. Welch is now a Patron of the choir.

In 2020, Welch competed in the television singing competition The Voice. Boy George picked him for his team in the blind auditions where Welch sang "This Is the Moment". He then lost in the battle where he sang "Stand by Me".

Personal life

Relationships and family
Welch is an openly gay performer, and has led both the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Choir and the Melbourne Gay and Lesbian Chorus. In late December 2000 Welch met his future domestic partner, Matt (an electrical engineer from Orion, Illinois), on the Pacific cruise ship Regal Princess, where Welch was on a working holiday with Tenor Australis providing on-board entertainment. As of September 2007 the pair were living in Yarraville, and had been together for six-and-a-half years.

Controversies
On April 28, 2009, it was reported in The Age that Jonathon Welch decided to break away from Reclink, the very organisation that created the Choir of Hard Knocks TV show.  The Age reported that the breakup was a result of “legal action, threats, the expulsion of one member and the suspension of four others, and a very public tiff between Welch and RecLink.” The spokeswoman for the four suspended choir members, Tess Lawrence, stated that their suspension was "devastating" and she was "endeavouring to console them." The Sydney Morning Herald on November 1, 2012, stated that a “few choristers, upset at what they saw as an injustice, sought legal advice and even turned on Welch.”

In July 2021 Jonathan Welch filed documents in the Federal Court of Australia claiming that the stand-up comedy school, School of Hard Knock Knocks, has lost "Mr Welch potential business opportunities and income. The Respondents are deliberately and knowingly using the intellectual property of Mr Welch for their own commercial gain.”. The respondent has since "lodged a counterclaim, saying that Welch’s School of Hard Knocks is in itself a breach of Fremantle Media’s trademark for the Choir of Hard Knocks."

In September, 2021 Paulien George of the Voices of Casey challenged Jonathon Welch's registration of Voices of Casey Choir with ASIC at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT). During the first hearing, Senior Member Anne O’Connell raised that Play It Forward is not a registered charity with the Australian Charities and Not-For-Profit Commission (ACNC). Jonathon Welch later apologised for "any confusion over whether his Play It Forward musical education company, which he has referred to as a charity, is in fact a registered charity."

On September 21, 2021, Senior Member Anne O’Connell held a hearing in Jonathon Welch's absence asking him to provide written submissions explaining why he “should not be referred to the Legal Services Commissioner and the Attorney-General for making legal threats in the middle of tribunal proceeding” against Paulien George. Welch later lost the case on October 8, 2021, with the AAT Senior Member Professor Ann O'Connell ruling that "Welch's Play It Forward musical education business could no longer use the Voices of Casey Choir name." Jonathon Welch also withdrew his trademark application for 'Voices of Casey' saying that because of the "damaging media attention the Voices of Casey name and brand has now received, we are choosing to focus our energy where it should be, on the singers, and withdraw our trademark application as the goodwill it (the name) once had, has been irrevocably tarnished.”

Awards and accolades
In 1999 Welch won the Australasian Choral Championships at the City of Sydney Eisteddfod. South Sydney Council, in 2002, presented him with a community services award. Welch was the 2008 winner of the Australian Local Hero Award – a part of the Australian of the Year awards. The award was in recognition of his work with The Choir of Hard Knocks. The National Australia Day Council stated that he had "touched the heart of the nation when he demonstrated the power of singing in building and renewing promising lives that had been saddened and defeated by circumstance". Also in 2008 Welch was awarded an honorary doctorate from Griffith University.

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. Jonathon Welch won one award in that time.
 (wins only)
|-
| 2006
| Jonathon Welch
| John Campbell Fellowship Award
|
|-

Honours
In June 2009 on the Queen's Birthday he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia with the citation, "For service to the arts as an operatic performer and vocal coach, and to the community as the founder and musical director of the Choir of Hard Knocks".

References

Bibliography

External links

The Choir of Hard Knocks
Melbourne International Singers Festival
Play It Forward
School of Hard Knocks, now known as Upbeat Arts
Social Inclusion Week
THECHO!R

Living people
1958 births
Australian conductors (music)
Australian choral conductors
Australian gay musicians
Musicians from Melbourne
Members of the Order of Australia
Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University alumni
Voice teachers
21st-century conductors (music)
The Voice (Australian TV series) contestants
20th-century Australian LGBT people
21st-century Australian LGBT people


Billy Diamond (May 19, 1949 – September 30, 2010) was the Chief of the Waskaganish, Quebec Cree from 1970 to 1976, the Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees from 1974 to 1984, and a successful businessman who founded Air Creebec.

Diamond was elected Chief of the Cree Nation of Waskaganish at the age of 21. On November 11, 1975, he signed The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement with the Canadian government. Using funds from the settlement, he created Air Creebec, Cree Construction Company Limited, and Cree Yamaha Motors. For his outstanding achievements, Billy Diamond was appointed as a Chevalier into the Ordre National du Quebec in 1987. On March 19, 1990, Diamond was a guest on 100 Huntley Street.

Diamond died at the age of 61 from a heart attack. In accordance with his instructions, his tombstone reads: "Gone to a meeting - will return."

Early life
Billy Diamond was born to Hilda and Malcolm Diamond on May 17, 1949, in a tent near Rupert House, Quebec, on the shore of James Bay. He grew up in the Cree Nation of Waskaganish (then Rupert House) until being forced to attend Bishop Horden Hall, a residential school in Moose Factory, Ontario. Diamond recalled that his hair was cut for the first time in his life immediately upon arrival, and the clothes his mother gave him were confiscated. Additionally, the students were punished if they attempted to communicate to each other in Cree. Despite these circumstances, Diamond achieved leadership awards while becoming interested in a variety of academic topics. As a teenager, he attended high school in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, where he organized an Indian Students Council.

Political career
Diamond returned to Waskaganish after high school, serving as the Band Manager during the 1960s. Although he personally hoped to attend law school, Diamond followed his father's wishes and successfully ran for Chief. He was elected in 1970 at 21 years old, the youngest Chief in Canada at that time. He helped to establish the Grand Council of the Crees in 1974, of which he was elected Grand Chief at age 23. As such, he represented Quebec Crees in the Assembly of First Nations. Diamond also helped to negotiate Sections 25 and 35 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms from 1980 to 1983.

Legacy

The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
In 1971, Premier Robert Bourassa announced that $6 billion hydroelectric dam would be built on the Eastmain River in Cree and Inuit territory, which he coined the "project of the century". The project was planned without consulting Cree and Inuit stakeholders, and would have flooded traditional Cree and Inuit hunting grounds. Diamond organized a meeting of James Bay Crees to discuss the urgency of this project, wherein they decided to challenge the government legally. Initially, the court ruling in favour of the Inuit and Cree case was overturned. However, Diamond and other Indigenous activists such as the Northern Quebec Inuit Association were able to secure an out-of-court settlement with Hydro Quebec now known as the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) in 1975. This agreement allowed an altered hydroelectric project to be built in exchange for solidified land rights and financial compensation. The JBNQA is considered the first "Modern Treaty" and provided the James Bay Cree and Inuit with $225 million in compensation, in addition to investment infrastructure.

Air Creebec
Diamond established Air Creebec in 1982, and served as its president. Since it connects coastal communities to larger urban centres such as Timmins, Val D'or, and Montreal, the airline fulfills Diamond's vision of allowing the people of James Bay greater mobility. To this day it is entirely Cree-owned.

Personal life
Billy Diamond and his wife Elizabeth had six children. Later in life, he became a devout Christian.

References

1949 births
2010 deaths
People from Eeyou Istchee (territory)
Indigenous leaders in Quebec
Indspire Awards


The following is a list of ecoregions in Egypt, according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial ecoregions

Palearctic

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe

Deserts and xeric shrublands
 North Saharan steppe and woodlands
 Red Sea coastal desert
 Sahara desert
 South Saharan steppe and woodlands
 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands

Flooded grasslands and savannas
 Nile Delta flooded savanna
 Saharan halophytics

Freshwater ecoregions
 Dry Sahel
 Lower Nile
 Nile Delta
 Red Sea Coastal
 Temporary Maghreb

Marine ecoregions
 Levantine Sea
 Northern and Central Red Sea

References
 Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D’Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
 Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
 Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.

Egypt
Ecoregions


Joseph Patrick McFadden (May 22, 1947 – May 2, 2013) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Formerly an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, he was installed as Bishop of Harrisburg on August 18, 2010. He served in that position until his death in 2013.

Early life and education
Joseph McFadden was born in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Thomas and Ellen (née Griffin) McFadden. His parents were Irish immigrants, and one of his sisters is a member of the Sisters Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Immaculata, PA. He received his early education at the parochial school of Our Lady of Lourdes Church in Overbrook, and attended St. Thomas More High School for Boys in Philadelphia from 1961 to 1965. At St. Thomas, he was a member of the National Honor Society, a player on the varsity basketball team, and the class valedictorian.

McFadden then attended St. Joseph's University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in politics in 1969. He played on the freshmen basketball team at St. Joseph's, and also coached at St. Thomas More High School and West Catholic Boys High School. Following his graduation from St. Joseph's, he joined the faculty of West Catholic Boys High School, where he taught social studies. In addition to his teaching duties, he coached the junior varsity basketball team and served as the school's athletic director.

In 1976, McFadden decided to study for the priesthood, a vocation he had considered "through high school and when [he] went to college." That year he entered St. Charles Borromeo Seminary in Overbrook, where he earned a Master of Divinity degree summa cum laude.

Priesthood
On May 16, 1981, McFadden was ordained a priest by Cardinal John Krol at the Cathedral Basilica of SS. Peter and Paul. His first assignment was as a parochial vicar at St. Laurence Church in Highland Park, where he remained for one year. From 1982 to 1993, he served as administrative secretary to Cardinal Krol. He was named an Honorary Prelate of His Holiness on May 29, 1991.

It was during McFadden's service as a secretary to Cardinal Krol that Krol is believed to have excused and enabled the sexual abuse of hundreds of children within the Philadelphia Archdiocese.

In 1993, McFadden became the first president of Cardinal O'Hara High School in Springfield. During his eight-year tenure, he increased the school's enrollment from 1,540 students to 2,000 students, and initiated the "Laptops for Learning" program. From 2001 to 2004, he served as pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Downingtown. In addition to his academic and pastoral duties, he served as chaplain to the Serra Club (1987–2001) and the Ancient Order of Hibernians (1986–95), spiritual director of St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, and director of the archdiocesan pilgrimages to the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.

Episcopacy

Philadelphia
On June 28, 2004, McFadden was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia and titular bishop of Horreomargum by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following July 28 from Cardinal Justin Francis Rigali, with Bishops Robert P. Maginnis and Michael Francis Burbidge serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral Basilica of SS. Peter and Paul. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Mary the Model - Jesus the Center".

Later that year, McFadden expressed his opposition to the holding of a gay rights event at his alma mater of Saint Joseph's University, saying, "While the Church asks that we recognize the unique dignity of every human person, it does not mean supporting a lifestyle that is contrary to the natural law". He was considered one of the likely candidates to succeed Donald Wuerl as Bishop of Pittsburgh following the latter's promotion to Archbishop of Washington.

As an auxiliary bishop, McFadden headed the Secretariat of Catholic Education in the archdiocesan curia. As a member of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, he served on the Committee on Catholic Education and the Task Force on Faith Formation and Sacramental Practice.
Bishop McFadden  played a pivotal role in closing both Northeast Catholic High School for boys and Cardinal Dougherty High School.

Harrisburg
On June 22, 2010, McFadden was appointed the tenth Bishop of Harrisburg by Pope Benedict XVI. His installation took place on August 18, 2010.

Bishop McFadden died suddenly in Philadelphia on May 2, 2013, while attending a meeting of the Catholic bishops of Pennsylvania.

Removal of name in Diocese of Harrisburg
On August 1, 2018, Bishop Ronald Gainer, McFadden's successor as bishop of Harrisburg, announced that the names of every bishop of Harrisburg from 1947 onward—including McFadden's -- will be removed from any building or room in the diocese named in their honor, due to their failure to protect victims from abuse.

References

External links

Office of Bishop McFadden
Cardinal Rigali's Homily at McFadden's Consecration

1947 births
2013 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Harrisburg
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Clergy from Philadelphia
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia
Saint Joseph's University alumni
St. Charles Borromeo Seminary alumni