Mark M. Newell, Ph.D. RPA is a British/American underwater and terrestrial archaeologist and anthropologist, the director of the Georgia Archaeological Institute. He received his doctorate from St. Andrews University, Scotland. Newell began diving in Bermuda in 1963. While working as a journalist, he continued to dive throughout the Caribbean and South America, developing an interest in the archaeological potential of the sites he discovered. In 1996 he completed a Ph.D. in underwater archaeology at the Scottish Institute of Maritime Studies at the University of St. Andrews.

River craft
Since 1983 Newell has specialized in the recording of underwater sites and historic sea-going and river craft of the Southern United States. He built two full-sized reproductions of historic craft in South Carolina and Georgia, and developed the first typography of historic working craft of the waterways of South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia.

Proponent of sport diver education
A former  diving instructor with the National Association of Scuba Diving Schools, Newell was an early proponent of sport diver education

Wreck of the Dromedary
Avocational marine archaeologists, Chriss Addams and Mike Davis, recovered artifacts from the anchorage of the prison hulk Dromedary. The prison hulk been moored in the Naval Dockyard of Bermuda's Ireland Island in the mid-nineteenth century. Newell later reviewed data recorded by Addams and concluded that it was so competently gathered that it would support a master's degree in archaeology. With Newell's encouragement, Addams subsequently enrolled at the University of Ulster and completed an MSc in underwater archaeology using the Dromedary data. He is currently the only degreed underwater archaeologist working in Bermuda. The analysis of the Dromedary artifacts by Newell and Addams has provided unique insights into the lifeways of the hulk crew and inmates, their subsistence patterns and their economic activities. This work has now become the basis of a major exhibition on the British shipboard prison system staged by the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales at Hyde Park Barracks. A new article by Addams on coin forgery aboard the Dromedary while stationed in Bermuda (Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia, Vol 18) was recently awarded the prestigious Ray Jewell Medal for the best article from volumes 17 and 18.

Wreck of the Resurgam
Newell participated in St. Andrews University's identification of the Resurgam, the world's first practical powered submarine. The Resurgam was discovered off Rhyl, Northern Wales, in 1995.

Wreck of the Hunley
Dr. Newell initiated and directed the joint 1994/95 SCIAA/NUMA Hunley Expedition that most professional archaeologists credit with the discovery of the Hunley.

Newell's Hunley expedition was funded by best selling novelist Clive Cussler, who has claimed credit for the discovery. Newell, the project's official director, acknowledges basing his research and fieldwork, commencing in 1970, on  the contributions of many other researchers from E. Lee Spence's alleged discovery decades earlier to members of the Sons of Confederate Veterans who all contributed to his project's ultimate success that concluded with the raising of the Hunley on August 8, 2000.

Bibliography
"The Santee Canal Sanctuary," Part 1, edited by Joe J. Simmons and Mark M. Newell, 1989, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Columbia, South Carolina.

"What Really Happened to the CSS Hunley? Success and Tragedy in Maffitt's Channel" by Mark M. Newell, Alabama Heritage, Number 39, Winter 1996, p. 40

"Underwater Surveying" chapter of the "Archaeology Underwater The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice," published by the Nautical Archaeology Society.

Footnotes

Alumni of the University of St Andrews
American underwater divers
British underwater divers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Underwater archaeologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Steve Smith Playhouse is a Canadian English language television series. It was produced by S&S Productions and debuted in 2004.

The series consisted of 13 half-hour episodes hosted, written and directed by Canadian actor and comedian Steve Smith. In each episode Smith takes one specific B-movie from the 1950s or 1960s, condenses them to a half-hour and uses his voice to replace that of the lead character, while all the other characters’ performances remain untouched, often changing the plot and tone of the original movie.

Broadcasters
 Space - original broadcaster
 Drive-In Classics - secondary broadcaster (reruns)

References

External links

2004 Canadian television series debuts
2004 Canadian television series endings
CTV Sci-Fi Channel original programming
Television series by S&S Productions
2000s Canadian comedy television series
English-language television shows


Arthur Ivan Rabey (1931 – 30 January 2008) was best known as a Cornish historian and author from St Columb Major in Cornwall. He was also a journalist, broadcaster and  local politician. In 1974 he was created a bard of The Cornish Gorseth and took the bardic name "Gwas Colum" meaning servant of St Columb. He died on 21 January 2008, aged 76, following a long illness.

Selected works
 Bugles, Sirens and Bells
 1972: Hurling at St Columb and in Cornwall. Padstow: Lodenek Press  (Previous ed., published as 'Hurling at St Columb'. 1969.)
 1975: Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Glasgow: Collins
 1979: The Book of St Columb and St Mawgan: the story of two ancient parishes. Buckingham: Barracuda Books
 1981: Cornwall's Fire Brigades. St. Columb: I. Rabey
 1984: The Silver Ball: the story of hurling at St Columb
 1988: When Bombs Fell: the air-raids on Cornwall during the Second World War. St. Columb: I. Rabey  (with Phyllis M. Rowe)
 1996: From St. Columb to the Sea: a guide to St. Columb Major, the Vale of Lanherne, St. Mawgan-in-Pydar and Mawgan Porth. St. Columb: I. Rabey
 1998: Cornwall County Fire Brigade 1948 - 1998: the first 50 years. St. Columb: I. Rabey
 2003: The Centenary of St. Columb Fire Brigade, 1903-2003. St Columb: [the Author]

References

1931 births
2008 deaths
People from St Columb Major
Bards of Gorsedh Kernow
Writers from Cornwall
Historians of Cornwall


Star Crossed is a three-issue comic book mini-series published in 1997 under the short-lived DC Comics imprint, Helix. Written and illustrated by Matt Howarth, Star Crossed recounts the surrealist tale of a deep-space romance between a genetically engineered über-woman and a sentient asteroid. Consistent with the performance of other Helix titles, Star Crossed failed to appeal to a broad readership and the poor sales figures which accompanied its publication coincided with a general downturn in the American comic book industry.

Plot synopsis
Dyltah is a being from the far-future, a loner: she forsakes the humanity of her upbringing and elects to undergo a genetic transformation, becoming "a living lightsail" who glides the solar currents of deep space. She commences an unlikely romance with Saa, a sentient chunk of space-rock.

Part parody, part space opera, Star Crossed pays oblique homage to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet as the dalliance of the two lovers draws the attention of various political factions within the Solar System including that of human beings who live in a pod colony in orbit near Jupiter. The mutated Jovians are antagonised by the presence of the genetically optimised Dyltah and the various parties are gradually drawn into conflict as the narrative develops.

References

1997 comics debuts
Helix (comics) titles
Science fiction comics


Sarah Marie Jones  (born 1951) is a Belfast-based actress and playwright. Born into a working-class Protestant family, Jones was an actress for several years before turning her hand to writing. Her plays have been staged on Broadway as well as across Ireland.

Charabanc / DubbelJoint

She helped found the Charabanc Theatre Company, an all-women touring group. It was created to help counteract the lack of roles for women, and which produced a series of collaboratively written original works. The group’s first play, Lay Up Your Ends, based on a strike by mill girls in the early part of the 20th century, was an immediate hit. She remained with Charabanc until 1990 when she left and co-founded the DubbelJoint theatre group in 1991.

Plays
She wrote five plays for the Replay Theatre Company, including Under Napoleon’s Nose (1988). The play for which she may be best-known is Stones in His Pockets, a play based on the idea of a Hollywood film company filming a movie in a small Irish village and the resulting impact on that community.  This was performed on Broadway to critical acclaim.

She has written a number of stage and television plays, including
Tribes (1990), The Hamster Wheel (1991), Fighting the Shadows (1992), Wingnut and the Sprog (1994) and
A Night in November (1994). A Night in November, about The Troubles,  was performed in London's West End and in New York City off-Broadway. Most recently, she wrote the book for a new musical, The Chosen Room, performed in Belfast in August 2008 by Youth Music Theatre UK.  She then wrote Act 2 of this musical, which was staged again the following year in 2009 at the same venue.

Fly Me To The Moon (2012), performed in New York and Belfast, tells the story of Davy, an 84-year-old Frank Sinatra fan and his two carers Francis and Loretta.

In 2018 as part of the theatre's 50th anniversary season the Lyric Theatre, Belfast produced the world premiere of Dear Arabella, a series of three monologues for three women.

Film roles
As a film actress, she is best known for playing Sarah Conlon in In the Name of the Father, a film about The Troubles.

Plays written by Jones
 The Government Inspector (1993)
 A Night In November (1994)
 Women On The Verge Of HRT (1995)
 Stones In His Pockets (1999)
 The Blind Fiddler (2004)
 A Very Weird Manor (2005)
 Rock Doves (2010)
 Dancing Shoes: The George Best Story (2010)
 Fly Me To The Moon (2012)
 Dear Arabella (2018)

Awards
  2001 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy - 'Stones in His Pockets'
  John Hewitt Award for outstanding contribution to culture, tradition and the arts in Northern Ireland
  1999 Irish Times/ESB Theatre Award for Best Production
  Awarded the OBE in 2002
  Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from University of Ulster in 2006

Marriage and family
She is married to Northern Irish actor Ian McElhinney. They live in Belfast and have three sons.

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
20th-century actresses from Northern Ireland
20th-century dramatists and playwrights from Northern Ireland
21st-century dramatists and playwrights from Northern Ireland
20th-century women writers from Northern Ireland
21st-century women writers from Northern Ireland
Film actresses from Northern Ireland
Stage actresses from Northern Ireland
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Actresses from Belfast
Women dramatists and playwrights from Northern Ireland
Date of birth missing (living people)


Come Next Spring is a 1956 American Trucolor drama film directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Ann Sheridan, Steve Cochran and Walter Brennan. It was produced and distributed by Republic Pictures. The theme song, "Come Next Spring", with music by Max Steiner and lyrics by Lenny Adelson, was performed by Tony Bennett. It was covered by Scott Walker on his 1968 album Scott 2. Steiner wrote the score for the film, reusing much of his work from Sergeant York.

Plot
Alcoholic Matt Ballot (Steve Cochran) abandoned his wife Bess (Ann Sheridan) and mute daughter Annie (Sherry Jackson) in Arkansas nine years ago. Now sober, he returns to discover Bess gave birth to a son, Abe (Richard Eyer), after he left. Bess grudgingly hires him as a handyman. Hytower (Sonny Tufts) wants to marry Bess and tries to make Matt jealous and picks a fight with him. Matt endears himself to his kids by defending them from wild pigs and a group of local bullies. He risks Annie's love by admitting that she was in the car when he drunkenly wrecked it. Although she was unhurt, she never spoke again. Annie embraces him. Matt later saves a child and Annie during an approaching tornado.

Bess is upset when Matt has a single drink at a dance to prove he can stop at just one drink. Matt rescues her when, overcome by emotion, she accidentally drives her truck into a river. Annie falls into an old mine shaft, but Matt rescues her. Bess finally admits she is back in love with Matt.

Cast
 Ann Sheridan as Bess Ballot
 Steve Cochran as Matt Ballot
 Walter Brennan as Jeffrey Storys
 Sherry Jackson as Annie Ballot
 Richard Eyer as Abraham Ballot
 Edgar Buchanan as Mr. Canary
 Sonny Tufts as Leroy Hytower
 Harry Shannon as Mr. Totter
 James Westmoreland as Bob Storys (as Rad Fulton)
 Mae Clarke as Myrtle
 Roscoe Ates as Shorty Wilkins
 Wade Ruby as Delbert Meaner
 James Best as Bill Jackson

Production
Steve Cochran formed Robert Alexander Productions after his actual first two names. Come Next Spring was his first film, written by Cochran's friend Montgomery Pittman and featuring Pittman's stepdaughter Sherry Jackson. Filmed in locations around Sacramento, Republic promised Cochran an "A Picture" release but released it as the lower half of a double feature.

Critical reception
Writing in The Village Voice, Farran Smith Nehme noted that "Both [Sheridan and Cochran] give lovely performances; their first reunion, delivered with clean sincerity, is a marvel of things left unsaid," adding that "the movie is sentimental in a way that shouldn’t be taken as a pejorative." A review of the film by Gina Telaroli for Mubi described it as "quite a frank film that deals with some pretty rough stuff, like how devastatingly hard it can be to trust someone who has betrayed you," and having "a great Walter Brennan performance" with a "terrifying cliff-bound scene at the end."

References

External links

1956 films
1956 drama films
American drama films
Republic Pictures films
Films directed by R. G. Springsteen
Trucolor films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


Lowell Township may refer to:

 Lowell Township, Cherokee County, Kansas
 Lowell Township, Michigan
 Lowell Township, Polk County, Minnesota
 Lowell Township, Kearney County, Nebraska
 Lowell Township, Marshall County, South Dakota, in Marshall County, South Dakota

Township name disambiguation pages


is a 2007 video game compilation developed by M2 and published by Namco Bandai Games. The game features 7 arcade games previously published by Namco along with a Nintendo DS version of the Nintendo-developed title Pac-Man Vs.

It was originally released for the Nintendo DS on September 18, 2007.

Overview
Namco Museum DS is a compilation game featuring 8 games (10 if both Super Xevious and the old version of Dig Dug II are counted) previously distributed by Namco. Among the titles selectable are Galaxian (1979), Pac-Man (1980), Galaga (1982), Xevious (1983, along with its 1984 sequel Super Xevious as a hidden title), Mappy (1983), The Tower of Druaga (1984), Dig Dug II (1985 including both its original and old versions) and Pac-Man Vs. (2003). Super Xevious and the old version of Dig Dug II are hidden from view, but become available through the game selection screen by toggling the modes that enable said revisions.

All games are recreated for the Nintendo DS hardware, supporting multiple display options for the Nintendo DS' limited resolution, allow high score saving, optional bug fix toggles for the games and DIP switch settings. Galaga, The Tower of Druaga, Xevious and Super Xevious feature a navigation mode that shows various hints and tips throughout the gameplay to assist the player during play. The version of Pac-Man Vs. included is a newly created version of the game, and features adjusted gameplay mechanics, new visuals and an original soundtrack; albeit the removal of one of the mazes from the original Nintendo GameCube version.

All the titles in Namco Museum DS support DS Download Play, allowing multiple players with or without Game Cards to play the titles featured in the collection. The player can either send temporary full games of the arcade games to Nintendo DS systems without a Game Card, which disappears when the system is powered off; or can use the function to play Pac-Man Vs. with players with or without a Game Card.

Additional features to the collection include general and hardcore options, a jukebox mode for listening to the sounds of the arcade games, Japanese promotional material and images of each arcade game's CPU board.

Release
The game was originally released in North America on September 18, 2007, with the Japanese release on October 11, 2007 and the European release on February 22, 2008. Namco Museum DS was later re-released as part of a "Dual Pack" bundle with the Nintendo DS version of Pac-Man World 3 in North America on October 30, 2012.

Reception
Namco Museum DS has received a metascore of 67 from Metacritic, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Notes

References

Bandai Namco video game compilations
2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Namco games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Manabu Namiki


Calypso in Brass is an album by Harry Belafonte, released by RCA Victor (LPM-3658 and LSP-3658) in 1966. The album contains new arrangements
of previously recorded songs, notably from Calypso and Belafonte Sings of the Caribbean, with a brass ensemble accompaniment.  The orchestra was conducted by Howard A. Roberts and arranged by Bob Freedman.

Track listing
"Jump in the Line" (Raymond Bell) – 4:17
"Jump and Bray Medley (Hold 'em Joe and The Jack-Ass Song)" (Hugh Thomas/Irving Burgie, William Attaway) – 4:30
"Cocoanut Woman" (Harry Belafonte, Lord Burgess) – 3:17
"Tongue Tie Baby" (William Eaton) – 4:07
"Zombie Jamboree (Back to Back)" (Conrad Eugene Mauge, Jr.) – 3:14
"Sweetheart from Venezuela" (Bob Gordon, Fitzroy Alexander) – 3:57
"Man Smart, Woman Smarter" (Norman Span) – 4:49
"Reincarnation" (Irving Burgie, Theophilus Philip) – 3:20
"Judy Drownded" (Lord Burgess) – 3:07
"The Naughty Little Flea" (Norman Thomas) – 3:34
"Mama Look a Boo-Boo" (Lord Melody) – 3:07

Personnel
Harry Belafonte – vocals
Orchestra conducted by Howard A. Roberts
Production notes:
Bob Freedman – arrangements
William Eaton – producer
Phil Ramone – producer
William Attaway – liner notes

References

1966 albums
Harry Belafonte albums
Albums produced by Phil Ramone
RCA Victor albums
Albums conducted by Howard Roberts


35P/Herschel–Rigollet is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 155 years and an orbital inclination of 64 degrees. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). It was discovered by Caroline Herschel (Slough, United Kingdom) on 1788-12-21. Given that the comet has a 155-year orbit involving asymmetric outgassing, and astrometric observations in 1939 were not as precise as modern observations, predictions for the next perihelion passage in 2092 vary by about a month.

1789 apparition
Caroline Herschel first observed the comet on 21 December 1788 and it was observed later that night by her brother William Herschel who described it as looking like a bright nebula and about 5-6 minutes in diameter, and much larger than the planetary nebula M57.

Through December and January the comet was observed by Nevil Maskelyne at the Greenwich Observatory and by Charles Messier at the Paris Observatory. Maskelyne was the last observer of the comet, his final observation taking place on 1789-02-05.

Similar possible orbits for the comet were calculated in 1789 by Pierre Méchain and in 1922 by Margaretta Palmer. Palmer considered that the orbit which best fitted the observations was an elliptical one with a period of 1,066 years.

1939 apparition
Roger Rigollet (Lagny, France) rediscovered the comet on 1939-07-28; it was described as diffuse and with a magnitude of 8.0. The sighting was confirmed the next day by Alfonso Fresa of the Observatory of Turin (Italy) and George van Biesbroeck of the Yerkes Observatory. The comet steadily faded after August, final (photographic) observations being obtained on 1940-01-16.

Following the 1939 rediscovery, the comet's orbit was calculated by Jens P. Möller (Copenhagen, Denmark), and Katherine P. Kaster and Thomas Bartlett (Berkeley, USA). A perihelion date of 1939-08-09 was indicated. Based on these early orbits, Leland E. Cunningham of the Harvard College Observatory suggested that the comet was likely identical with Herschel's comet of 1788.

The final calculation of the orbit, by Brian G. Marsden in 1974, used 75 positions from both apparitions of the comet in 1788 and 1939–40 in addition to perturbations by planets, and linked the two sightings, with a perihelion date of 1939-08-09 and a period of 155 years.

Closest approaches to Earth
 1788-11-04 – 0.80 AU from Earth
 1939-07-30 – 0.82 AU from Earth

References

External links
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
 35P/Herschel-Rigollet – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net

Periodic comets
Halley-type comets
0035
035P
17881221
Discoveries by Caroline Herschel


The Gilmer County Courthouse was the courthouse for Gilmer County, Georgia, United States, from 1934 until 2003.  It was built in 1898 as the Hyatt Hotel (no relation to Hyatt Hotels), making it the only courthouse in the state not originally built as a courthouse.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

In 2003, the fire marshal condemned the building due to building code and fire code violations, and the county judiciary was moved to other buildings in Ellijay on March 27.  The county commission voted to destroy the historic building rather than renovate and restore it.  A November 2006 referendum of county voters approved the municipal bond for a new facility, and allowed the destruction of the previous one.

It was identified as threatened in the 2005 catalog of the Northwest Georgia Threatened Historic Sites Project.  Hopes for saving it were ended in early 2008, when it was demolished on January 7.  A new government building will be constructed in its place.

See also
 Northwest Georgia Threatened Historic Sites Project

References

External links

Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation
University System of Georgia
New Georgia Encyclopedia
NTHP Preservation article
9th Judicial District of Georgia
Your Ellijay

Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
Buildings and structures in Gilmer County, Georgia
Former county courthouses in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Gilmer County, Georgia


USS Mohave (AT-15) was a  of the United States Navy.  The unnamed steel-hulled Fleet Tug No.15 was laid down on 16 December 1913 by the Seattle Construction and Drydock Company.  She was named Mohave in accordance with General Order No. 97 of 9 May 1914, for the Yuman tribe on the Colorado River in Arizona, California, and Nevada.  Launched on 20 June 1914; and placed in service at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, on 2 December 1914.

Assigned to the Puget Sound Navy Yard the same day, Mohave operated in the Bremerton‑Seattle area and off the coast of Washington on various towing assignments into 1918.  Because of the desperate need created by World War I for sea‑going tugs in the Atlantic Ocean, she was detached from Puget Sound Navy Yard 6 February 1918 and sailed ten days later for the east coast.  Steaming via Mare Island and San Diego, California, various Mexican ports, the Panama Canal, and Key West, Florida, the ship reached Norfolk, Virginia, on 29 April, and following operations along the east coast and two towing voyages to Bermuda, was temporarily assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) on 6 August.

Mohave towed coal barges from Norfolk to New England ports until after the Armistice in November 1918, and was then detached from NOTS five days before Christmas (20 December) and was assigned to the 5th Naval District. In 1919, she made two voyages to Bermuda and then operated in the Caribbean between Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, until returning to Norfolk via Key West and Charleston, S.C., on 15 December 1919.  The next year, during which time she received the alphanumeric hull number AT-15 on 17 July 1920, Mohave served the fleet by towing coal and stores to Indian Head, Maryland, and making brief voyages to Charleston and New York City.  On 18 March 1921, she was transferred to the 1st Naval District. Based out of Boston, the tug pulled and pushed her barges to ports all along the New England coast, making frequent trips to Portsmouth, N.H., Newport, R.I., and numerous Massachusetts ports over the next seven years.

In early January 1928, Mohave towed a large oil barge to Provincetown, Mass., to be unloaded, and then sailed on 12 February to return to Boston, with the empty lighter in tow. Steaming at 9 knots in heavy seas, Mohave ran aground in Massachusetts Bay on Harding Ledge  near Nantasket, Massachusetts, on 13 February, and took a heavy list forward. Her holds and engine room flooded, and her crew abandoned ship; tragically, three enlisted men took possession of a punt, without first having obtained permission to do so, and tried to reach the shore. "No trace has since been found," the Secretary of the Navy later wrote, "of either the punt or the [three men]." By 20 February, a storm had badly damaged the ship, causing a 60° list and destruction of her upper works. Found unfit for service on 29 March, the ship was sold as a hulk on 9 April.

Mohave was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 10 April 1928.  The wreck is still on the reef as of 2006.

References

External links
Photo gallery at navsource.org

Ships built in Seattle
World War I auxiliary ships of the United States
Arapaho-class fleet tugs
1914 ships
Maritime incidents in 1928
Shipwrecks of the Massachusetts coast


Dynamosport was the official magazine of the Sportvereinigung Dynamo. It covered the organization and events of the roughly 190 Dynamo clubs in the GDR. It was founded in 1966 and was published until 23 November 1989. The logo looks like a brushed painting with the writing Dynamosport in white in background in wine-red.

Structure
Dynamo Sport began as a release from the "Information sheet of the Dynamo Sports Club" (German: "Informationsblatt der Sportvereinigung Dynamo") (1964–1965).  The design had two major periods: 1966–1974 and 1977–1989.

Design until 1974
 At the top is the lettering Dynamo sports and a box with the comment: "You read today". There are always 4 boxes, which have numbers of certain pages and to highlight the ever changing themes. The number of pages is limited to 8, on thin, rough paper. Color is red and white for the highlights of the logo "Dynamo sports" and black-red or blue-black for emphasis. The font color of the text is black and available in size 8. The title is from the subject in the newspaper always fat and 18.5 in Arial size. The text itself has the font size Times New Roman in size 9.5. The different themes are always separated by lines or completely framed in the box. The ratio of the text area and the pictures in the square measure is approximately 1:3 for parts of the image, as can be in a tabloid, it has been customary. And so will the whole leaf looks like a sports section of a tabloid newspaper also, and it explicitly but comes to the Dynamo sports, with the reference to the political orientation of the German Democratic Republic. Later, the graphical subdivision of the text boxes, other colors come to the expression, such as yellow-black or green and white. Or there are vertically juxtaposed joists that form this close to a cross a line.

At the time this newspaper was printed in the East, just three television programs and a handful of radio stations existed; there was no Internet or mass media. Dynamo sport was an ideal medium for the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR, but this does not necessarily mean that important information was printed in a sports newspaper.

Authors were not at all mentioned. Athletes were interviewed at most and rarely had the opportunity to write a new column. Often there inside are only reports.

1977 redesign
The structure was as before in 1974. There were 24 issues and monthly editions thereafter, in 1977. A special issue covered Felix Dzerzhinsky with graphical banner. He also has been addressed in several editions, during his hundredth birthday.

References

1966 establishments in East Germany
1989 disestablishments in East Germany
Association football magazines
Defunct magazines published in Germany
Mass media in East Germany
German-language magazines
Magazines established in 1966
Magazines disestablished in 1989
Magazines published in Berlin
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Socialist magazines
SV Dynamo
Sports magazines published in Germany


Lac des Arcs can refer to:

 Lac des Arcs, Alberta, a hamlet in Alberta, Canada
 Lac des Arcs (Alberta), a lake in Alberta, Canada


Scott McBride (born 19 September 1989) is a former Scottish professional footballer.
He began his career at Dunfermline, spending time on loan at Arbroath and Cowdenbeath. He then joined Cowdenbeath permanently and from there had spells with Raith Rovers, East Fife X2, Arbroath, Kelty Hearts and Albion Rovers.

Career
Born in Kirkcaldy, McBride started his career with Dunfermline Athletic. He made his début in September 2007, against Scottish Premier League opponents Heart of Midlothian in the Scottish League Cup. In February 2008, McBride signed on loan with Scottish Third Division side Arbroath until the end of the 2007–08 season.

In July 2009, McBride was loaned out to Cowdenbeath. and on 29 January 2010, made the move permanent. On 9 June 2010, McBride signed for Raith Rovers on a full-time contract. On 16 May 2012, Raith announced he was among a list of players being given a free transfer. On 7 July 2012, McBride signed for East Fife. On 18 June 2013, he signed on for a second season with the Fife club. On 21 May 2014, he was named as one of the players to have left East Fife at the end of the season.

In June 2014, McBride signed for Arbroath for a second time. After one season with Arbroath, McBride signed with newly promoted Scottish League One side Albion Rovers in June 2015. He made his debut against Peterhead and scored his first goal against Stranraer. McBride spent two seasons with the Cliftonhill club before signed for Forfar Athletic on 3 June 2017.

McBride signed for Kelty Hearts in January 2019 after his second spell with East Fife.

Career statistics

References

External links

Living people
1989 births
Scottish men's footballers
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Arbroath F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
East Fife F.C. players
Albion Rovers F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Kirkcaldy
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Kelty Hearts F.C. players


Hard Times Cafe is a collectively owned restaurant in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is known for its punk and hippie ideology, its gritty ambiance, and its large selection of vegan and vegetarian food.  It is open from 8AM to Midnight every day.

History
Hard Times was founded as a 24-hour cafe in 1992 by eight employees of The Cafe Expatriate, a failing restaurant at that location.  Working with the vision of a place where all kinds of people could come together to drink coffee and eat vegetarian food, they transformed the restaurant into  what is now Hard Times.  The location is a staple of the West Bank neighborhood, and a popular gathering place for local artists, musicians, students, and political activists.

Minneapolis Second Ward City Council Member Cam Gordon formerly held open office hours in the cafe on the first Tuesday morning of each month.

Hard Times faced closing in January 2000, when several arrests were made as a result of a drug sting at the cafe.  The owners closed the doors voluntarily in the aftermath, but faced problems with the city when attempting to reopen.  The owners met all of the health and fire codes necessary to reopen, but refused to sign a contract obligating them to close at 2 am and hire a licensed security guard.  A compromise was eventually made, with Hard Times closing its doors for two hours each night.

Hard Times closed for remodeling in August 2007, after a recommendation from a health inspector that they update their ventilation system.  The original expectation was that the restaurant would be closed for a matter of weeks, but delays in shipping, unforeseen circumstances, and additional recommendations by the city kept the doors closed for three months beyond the intended opening date. The cafe received financial assistance from Seward Community Cafe, a fellow Minneapolis worker cooperative.  The cafe reopened at midnight December 16, 2007 with a new ventilation system and other recommended improvements.

See also
 List of vegetarian restaurants

References

Coffeehouses and cafés in the United States
Companies based in Minneapolis
Restaurants in Minnesota
Restaurants established in 1992
Vegetarian restaurants in the United States
Worker cooperatives of the United States
1992 establishments in Minnesota


"My Favourite Game" is an alternative rock song written by Peter Svensson and Nina Persson for Swedish band the Cardigans' fourth studio album, Gran Turismo (1998). The song is the album's eighth track and was released as its first single on 14 September 1998. Lyrically, it is about a failing relationship and the attempt made to better the significant other or save people from themselves. "My Favourite Game" found minor international success, reaching number three in Sweden and number 14 in the UK. It also charted within the top 40 in several European countries and New Zealand. While it failed to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100 and its radio counterpart, it peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

The accompanying music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund and features Persson joydriving on a desert road. It caused controversy due to its imagery of car crashes and reckless driving, and resulted it being recut to tone down the violence and appear on music channels. The song is featured in the 1999 video game Gran Turismo 2.

Songwriting, recording and production
"My Favourite Game" was written by guitarist Peter Svensson and lead singer Nina Persson during the recording sessions of the band's fourth studio album Gran Turismo between May and July 1998. The song, like the other songs from the album, was recorded in Tore Johansson's newly developed Country Hell recording studio in Skurup, Sweden. Persson started with the chorus, which "married the music so quickly that you couldn't tear them apart". Afterwards she wrote verses to "give the chorus meaning", which enabled her to "cram in a lot of lyrics into the verses" in contrast to other Cardigans songs with less lyrics such as "Erase/Rewind".

Before recording on the song commenced, Svensson presented the song to producer Tore Johansson by playing the track on acoustic guitar. Although the song was originally taking shape as a slow country/rock shuffle, similar in style to Neil Young's "Old Man", the tempo was doubled upon request of Tore Johansson. Svensson declared that this helped as the band knew the song "was a single, but it wasn't working at first" under "the shuffle beat at half the tempo". It was soon after changing the musical direction of the song when the song's distinctive guitar hook evolved.

Both the drum and guitar parts were recorded in a "'70s-style dry room" while the vocals were recorded in the attic of the studio.

Even though the drums were recorded using analogue tape compression, the rest of the song's production, including the "fat fuzzy bass line" and the coda, was completed using Pro Tools 24.

Structure and lyrics
"My Favourite Game" is an alternative rock song composed in the key of C Minor. It is written in common time and moves at 143 beats per minute. The song is not written in standard verse-chorus form and its instrumentation includes guitar, bass and organ.

The lyrics deal with a failing relationship, summed up by Persson as "fucking up in love", and the subsequent desire to change the loved one "to suit themselves better or save people from themselves". Svensson commented how this concept "isn't always a good idea, like when women stay in a relationship with a man that beats them because they think he'll be better someday". The song is driven by its two-note guitar riff which is the basis of the "electro-rock powerhouse". Its verses are significantly faster than the slow, bass-heavy chorus where the drums run at half-time.

Critical reception
Chuck Taylor of Billboard wrote, "This first single from the Swedish outfit's upcoming fourth studio album, "Gran Turismo", is already gaining ground in the U.K. and looks poised to find favor stateside, first at modern rock, then adult top 40 and triple-A. Don't expect the cutesy overtones of "Lovefool"; this track is consistent with the band's more typical rock-fueled roots. Led by a pumped electric guitar hook, fuzzy bass, and a distinctive, pleading vocal from lead singer Nina Persson, the song effuses an overall groovy vibe that should help its crossover to the mainstream side. This record does take a couple spins to get the overall feel, but it's worth the ride once you give it a whirl around the block."

Chart performance
Worldwide, "My Favourite Game" was the most commercially successful single from Gran Turismo. Peaking at number sixteen in America, it became the album's only single and the band's second single to enter the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks since their breakthrough hit, Lovefool that peaked at number nine.
In Sweden, it debuted at number twenty-one on the Swedish Top 100 Singles Chart and peaked at number three in November 1998. It spent at total of eighteen weeks in the chart. In the United Kingdom, it debuted and peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart.

Music video
The music video for "My Favourite Game" was directed by Swedish director Jonas Åkerlund. It was filmed over a three-day shoot in the Mojave Desert near Barstow, California, at a reported cost of £220,000. Nina Persson reported on requiring oxygen several times during the shoot, saying the  temperature was "hot enough for a Swede to fall down."

The video opens with a scene of lead singer Nina Persson, at the side of a desert road, trying to find a suitable rock. Meanwhile, the radio DJ, who is heard from the car radio, warns drivers that desert temperatures are very hot that day so they must remember to drive safely. When Persson finds a rock, she walks over to her car, a dark blue 1974 Cadillac Eldorado convertible, places it on the accelerator to keep the pedal down and drives off as the song begins. During the video, she weaves back and forth onto the wrong side of the road, forcing many other drivers off the road and causing some to crash in the process. At one point in the video, she throws the Felix the Cat stuffed toy out of the car which was then run over by another car. In some versions of the video, the Felix the Cat doll is blurred out. At one stage of the video, she is also depicted using her feet to steer the steering wheel. There is a large and colourful tattoo on Persson's arm that was added for the video which can be seen rubbing off on the car seat as the video progresses. She also drives at pedestrians causing them to jump out of the way while driving through a small town. At the beginning of the last chorus, she turns the car around and drives back down the road where she caused so much destruction. Towards the end of the song, she stands up in the car seat, leaving the car driving seemingly in a steerless mode and heading into a collision course with an oncoming van, containing the other members of the Cardigans, with drummer Bengt Lagerberg as the driver. While the van's occupants react in horror, she calmly stretches out her arms and makes a cruciform for a moment before the two vehicles collide as the song ends. The DJ sounds the State Patrol's warning "on a high-speed out-of-control vehicle on Route 666" and passes on to commercial.

There are four different outcomes of the car crash at the end of the uncensored video. In ending one, Persson's body goes flying out of her car into the air and over the van roof where she is then depicted as being dead on the road. In ending two, she also flies over the van roof, except she tries to pick herself off the ground but gets knocked out by the rock that was used to keep the car pedal down. In ending three, she also flies out of the car and over the van roof except she manages to pick herself up from the ground and walks away from the accident, and wipes the blood away from her face (this version is censored). In ending four, Persson is depicted being decapitated by the top of her car windscreen and a mannequin head is seen in the next shot, rolling along the road. In the fifth edition, it is censored all out, along with the car crashes, and Nina still is in the car, bloodless, driving and nodding along to the radio.

Controversy
The music video caused much controversy when it was first released. Many European channels, including MTV UK, only played an edited version of the video where all of the car crashes and depictions of reckless driving were removed despite director Jonas Åkerlund's attempts to meet the censorship standards by making five differently edited cuts of the video with varying degrees of violence and blood. The reason MTV UK rejected the video was because of fears that the video could encourage joyriding and cause car accidents amongst teenage drivers, so ending five was most played on MTV UK. A more graphic cut was shown on the Cardigans website on a one-time-only basis four days before the single's release. But, in the U.S., the music channels were noticeably less restrictive as many of them either played the completely uncensored version of the video or a slightly censored version with only a few of the car crashes removed.

Despite the controversy, the music video managed to debut at number twenty-nine on MuchMusic's  Countdown in October 1998 and peaked at number twenty-three on 27 November. Also, the video has appeared on many "Greatest Music Video" lists including ranking at 68 in Slant Magazine's "100 Greatest Music Videos" sharing the position with U.N.K.L.E's "Rabbit in Your Headlights", and ranking 95 in Channel 4's "100 Greatest Pop Videos".

Formats and track listings
All songs were written by Nina Persson and Peter Svensson except "Sick & Tired", written by Magnus Sveningsson and Svensson.

 UK CD1
 "My Favourite Game" – 3:39
 "War" – 3:57
 "Sick & Tired" (Live at Hultsfredsfestivalen) – 3:24

 UK CD2
 "My Favourite Game" – 3:39
 "My Favourite Game" (Wubble-U's Wubbledub Mix) – 5:58
 "Lovefool" (Live at Hultsfredsfestivalen) – 3:20

 European "Minimax" CD single
 "My Favourite Game" – 3:36
 "War (First Try)" – 4:07

 Australian, Canadian, European, Japanese, and South African CD single
 "My Favourite Game" – 3:36
 "War (First Try)" – 4:07
 "War" – 3:56

Credits and personnel

The Cardigans
 Vocals: Nina Persson
 Guitar: Peter Svensson
 Bass: Magnus Sveningsson
 Guitar, Keyboards: Lars-Olof Johansson
 Drums, Programming: Bengt Lagerberg

Other personnel
 Recorded at Country Hell, Skurup, Sweden
 Producer: Tore Johansson, Peter Collins
 Engineer: Tore Johansson, Peter Collins, John Holbrook, Janne Waldenmark
 Assistant engineer: Lars Göransson, Jim Caruana
 Recording engineer: Tore Johansson
 audio mixing: Tore Johansson
 Mixing assistant: Jim Caruana
 Mastering by: Roger Jonsson

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links
 The Cardigans' official website
 "My Favourite Game" lyrics

1998 songs
1998 singles
The Cardigans songs
Mercury Records singles
Music video controversies
Music videos directed by Jonas Åkerlund
Number-one singles in Greece
Polydor Records singles
Songs written by Nina Persson
Songs written by Peter Svensson
Stockholm Records singles


Justice is an unincorporated community in eastern Franklin County, North Carolina, United States.

It is located east-southeast of Louisburg, at an elevation of 364 feet (111 m).

The Archibald H. Davis Plantation was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

Unincorporated communities in Franklin County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina


Giant Spider may refer to:

Species
Giant house spider, common to Europe
Giant wood spider,  or Golden silk orb-weaver, found worldwide

Mythology, folklore and fiction
 Giant Spider (Middle Earth), also known as Great Spiders
 Any depiction of oversized spider – see Cultural depictions of spiders, including:
 Some depictions of Anansi from African folklore
 Tsuchigumo, aka ōgumo (大蜘蛛, "giant spider"), a derogatory term and race of yōkai in Japanese folklore
 It (character) from novel of the same name
 Acromantulas from the novel series Harry Potter
 Giant spiders, a type of monster in Dungeons & Dragons role playing game

See also
 The Giant Spider Invasion, a 1975 sci-fi film
 Big Ass Spider!, a 2013 sci-fi comedy horror film


Guillem Ramon de Gironella was a late thirteenth-century Catalan troubadour. His poetry, while difficult, is highly original and praised for its beauty.

Guillem Ramon was from Gironella in the Berguedà. There are many persons carrying the name "Ramon de Gironella" in twelfth- and thirteenth-century documents, but no others named "Guillem Ramon". The troubadour has been identified with a person bearing the initials "G.R." marked on a tomb in the monastery of Sant Daniel de Girona and lying next to the tomb of his mother, Brunissendis de Gerundella. If this identification is correct, then Guillem Ramon was the canon Guillelmus Raimundi de Gerundella whose death is recorded in monastic records on 8 July of an unknown year.

All of Guillem Ramon's surviving poetry, four works in total, is preserved in a single chansonnier, three cansos under the full name Guilem Raimon de Gironela and one partimen with the jongleur Pouzet under the name Guilem Raimon. Towards the end of this piece, "Del joi d'amor agradiu", Guillem suggests submitting it to the judgement of la de Palau ("[she] of Palau"), but the lady and the Palau to which this refers are not securely identifiable. The contemporary Catalan troubadour Cerverí de Girona, in his Recepta de xarob, wrote (between 1260 and 1285): E si Na Guyllamona (or Guillemona) / lay a Palau, vos dona / un pauc de cuyndia. . . . The lady Guillemona may be the la de Palau of Guillem Ramon's partimen. If so, this would establish a link between the obscure Guillem Ramon and the famous Cerverí, putting the former in better context.

One further reference from Cerverí, however, throws the identification of Guillem Ramon the troubadour with the canon into doubt. Cerverí, in his Testament (1274), says that En Poncet is grateful to the don de Gironella (lord of Gironella), but Guillem Ramon was not the feudal lord of Gironella nor even a nobleman, but a cleric. Whether Cerverí was confused or Guillem Ramon only took up his clerical career late in life is not known.

In two of his cansos—"Gen m'apareill" and "La clara lutz del bel jorn"—Guillem Ramon celebrates a person by the senhal (or nickname) Sobreluenh ("Over-a-distance"), but whether this is his lady or a friend, like the viscount of Cardona or Cabrera is debated. Ramon Guillem was familiar with the poem Erec and Enide of Chrétien de Troyes, as he makes known in "Gen m'apareill":

He also wrote the canso "Pos l'amors r'ensen".

Notes

Sources

Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

Poets from Catalonia
13th-century Spanish troubadours
13th-century Catalan people
People from Berguedà


The NFL International Series is a series of American football games during the National Football League (NFL) regular season that are played outside the United States. Since 2022, the series has three sub-series: the NFL London Games in the United Kingdom, which have been in place since 2007; the NFL Mexico Games, which began in 2016 with a predecessor game in 2005; and the NFL Germany Games in multiple cities.

Initially, all games in the International Series were held in London. Wembley Stadium was the exclusive home stadium for International Series games from 2007 to 2015 and continued to host NFL games through 2019 and from 2022 to 2024; beginning in 2016, the series expanded to more stadiums, first to Twickenham Stadium in London (2016–17) and to Estadio Azteca in Mexico City (2016–17, 2019, 2022) and eventually to Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in London (2019, 2021–29) and two locations in Germany: Allianz Arena in Munich (2022 and 2024/2025) and Deutsche Bank Park in Frankfurt (2023 and 2024/2025).

Background
Before 2005, the National Football League (NFL)'s primary method of promoting its game abroad was through the American Bowl, a series of preseason games played around the world, and NFL Europe, a developmental league based in Europe. The American Bowls ended in 2005 (though a similar China Bowl was planned for 2007 before being canceled), while NFL Europa (as it was known for its final season) folded in 2007. On October 2, 2005, the Arizona Cardinals defeated the San Francisco 49ers by a score of 31–14 at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, Mexico, under the name "NFL Fútbol Americano". It was the first regular season NFL game held outside the United States. The game drew the NFL's highest game attendance at the time with 103,467 spectators.

Roger Goodell, the commissioner of the NFL, considered expanding the league's appeal overseas ever since the end of NFL Europe. Goodell has openly discussed the idea of holding a future Super Bowl game in London. The NFL also investigated the possibility of adding a 17th regular season game to all teams, taking the place of the fourth pre-season game. Waller notes that there will not be 16 different venues for the 17th games. More likely would be a "mini-season ticket" of perhaps four games in one city or country. There was discussion that this "17th game" could take effect as early as the 2009 NFL season; however, 2010 would be the earliest this could be implemented because of concerns about playing on Labor Day or over the 2010 Winter Olympics, the league's rigid scheduling formula, and the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA). League officials were pondering moving a second existing game abroad for the 2010 season, but eventually abandoned it due to the ongoing CBA negotiations. The league eventually abandoned its attempt to expand the NFL season via CBA negotiations, and the new CBA enacted in 2011 kept the NFL schedule at 16 games through 2020. However, the CBA enacted in 2021 expanded the regular season to 17 games with one bye week and introduced at least four neutral site games each year from 2022. Teams will alternate seasons where they host nine regular-season games and one preseason game, or eight regular-season games and two preseason games. The NFC will have nine regular season home games in the 2022 season.

Games in the United Kingdom are broadcast by Sky Sports and the BBC with highlights also shown by the BBC. On radio, the games are broadcast by BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra, with Arlo White commentating, and Talksport with Nat Coombs commentating.

The games have been popular, with tickets selling out in two days, nine months in advance. According to the NFL, only 3% of those attending the London games are Americans or American expatriates, while 22% are from London and 60% from elsewhere in Britain. Ticket prices start from £64 at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium and £44 at Wembley Stadium. A team that plays a home game in London sells a cheaper season ticket package for its own stadium with seven regular season games rather than the usual eight. Each designated home team receives US$1 million for giving up the home game.

On October 11, 2011, the NFL owners approved playing NFL games in Great Britain through 2016. This stated that a home team could visit every year for up to five years but visitors could only visit once every five years. However, in 2015 the Detroit Lions returned to London as visitors in an apparent disregard for this rule. Subsequently, an agreement was reached to play internationally through 2025.

The Buffalo Bills received a unanimous vote of approval to play a series of regular and preseason games at Rogers Centre in Toronto from 2008 to 2017. This was separate from the regular International Series as arrangements are made by the team as opposed to the league as with the International Series. The Bills' Toronto Series was mutually terminated after the 2013 contest.

Due to significant time zone differences, from 2007 to 2015 teams playing in London would have their bye week in the following week after their game in London. For 2016, the Indianapolis Colts volunteered to play a game the week after their London game, preferring to have their bye week later in the season. The Colts playing the week after London was also done by the NFL as a test to see team fatigue for evaluation of an eventual London franchise. As Mexico City is within the Central Time Zone—eight NFL teams play home games in Central Time and the rest are within two hours of it—no bye week would be needed for those teams, though they may still by chance be scheduled their regular bye week anyway. For 2017, three teams playing in London (the Baltimore Ravens, Jacksonville Jaguars and Miami Dolphins), would have games immediately following their International Series game. In all three cases, the teams playing after their International Series game are based on the East Coast of the United States and will either be home or (in the Jaguars' case) playing in East Rutherford, New Jersey. In 2018 and 2019 all teams once again received their bye immediately following their international game, including the teams who played in Mexico.

Through 2020, due to NFL rules, teams that were playing in temporary homes as part of a relocation or that were recently awarded the hosting of the Super Bowl were required to play a home game internationally. The Los Angeles Rams, upon relocating from St. Louis, agreed to host an international game from 2016 to 2019, while their new stadium was being built. The Los Angeles Chargers, who would share the stadium with the Rams, also hosted an international game in 2018 and 2019, only getting out of the 2017 game because the team had executed its get out clause to relocate from San Diego after the 2017 International Series games had been announced. The Oakland Raiders, who spent the 2019 off-season in limbo due to the expiration of their stadium deal in Oakland and the lack of an NFL-ready stadium in their eventual home in Las Vegas, also agreed to annual international home games through 2019.

NFL rules require the designated home team for each international game to have their home stadium reserved for use in the event that a game cannot be played at the international site.

History

Early years (2007–2012)

The Miami Dolphins hosted the New York Giants in the first International Series game at Wembley Stadium in London, England, on October 28, 2007. The Giants defeated the Dolphins 13–10 in the first regular season NFL game held outside North America. The first 40,000 tickets sold out for the game in the first 90 minutes of sales. The game was aired regionally on Fox.

A single game was held in London each year through 2011. Like the 2007 game, each was televised nationally in the United Kingdom, but only regionally in the United States.

Multi-year deals and multi-game years (2013–2015)

On January 20, 2012, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that from 2012 to 2014, the St. Louis Rams would play one of their eight home games each year at Wembley Stadium. However, on August 13, 2012, the team announced that they would not play the proposed games in London in 2013 and 2014, only the 2012 game against the New England Patriots that had already been scheduled. Goodell had previously proposed the use of certain regular teams in the International Series in an effort to build a fan base for those teams, raising the prospect of a permanent NFL team on the British Isles.

An NFL bid to become anchor tenants of London's Olympic Stadium failed.

The Jacksonville Jaguars took the Rams' place and agreed to play a home game in London for four seasons from 2013 through 2016. With this announcement also came news that the NFL were working to schedule a second UK game from 2013 onwards (the Jaguars later extended their agreement with Wembley Stadium through 2020 in an agreement announced in October 2015). In October 2012, it was announced that the Jaguars would host the San Francisco 49ers and the Minnesota Vikings would host the Pittsburgh Steelers, marking the first season with multiple games in London.

The NFL played three international games for the 2014 season, including one game with an earlier 9:30 am ET (2:30 pm UK time) start, which allowed for an afternoon game, rather than an evening game, in London. This timeslot proved to be successful as all London games in 2015 and 2016 were also scheduled at 9:30 am ET. Three games were again scheduled in 2015 – including the series' first division game between the New York Jets and the Miami Dolphins.

Long-term deals and new stadiums (2016–2021)

On July 8, 2015, the NFL and Tottenham Hotspur F.C. announced they had reached a 10-year deal to host at least two London Games a year at the new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium from its opening year in 2019. Additionally, on October 7, 2015, the league announced that a resolution had been passed to schedule international games at additional locations to London until 2025. Subsequently, on October 22, 2015, it was confirmed that at least two games per season would remain at Wembley through at least 2020 and that the Jacksonville Jaguars will continue to play a home game there annually throughout the agreement. Another stadium deal was confirmed on November 3, 2015, when the league announced they had reached an agreement with England's Rugby Football Union to host regular season games at Twickenham Stadium from 2016 onwards, with a minimum of three, and as many as five games to be held over the initial agreement period of three years.

In 2016, the Oakland Raiders hosted the Houston Texans on November 21 at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, at the first International Series game played in Mexico. Previously, the Houston Texans and Pittsburgh Steelers had expressed interest in playing a game at Estadio Azteca (or possibly Estadio Olímpico Universitario) in Mexico City, although Houston was not prepared to give up a home date. It was televised as part of ESPN's Monday Night Football, marking the first MNF game broadcast from outside the United States, and ESPN's second broadcast from Mexico City since the 2005 Fútbol Americano game (which was televised as part of ESPN's former incarnation of Sunday Night Football).

The 2016 game between the Redskins and Bengals was the first International Series game to go into overtime, the first to end as a tie, and had at the time the highest attendance of all International Series games (later surpassed by the 2017 game between the Ravens and Jaguars, which drew an attendance of 84,592).

For 2017 the series underwent a partial rebrand with four games in London branded as NFL London Games and one game in Mexico City branded as the NFL Mexico Game.

In January 2018, it was announced that three games would be played in London that year, with two at Wembley and the other the first game at Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium. However, it was later confirmed that the opening of Tottenham Hotspur Stadium would be delayed and therefore all three games would be held at Wembley. Having already fulfilled the minimum three-game requirement for Twickenham Stadium in 2017, the league would no longer host games there. The Mexico City date and opponents were not announced at that time, but were later confirmed as the Los Angeles Rams playing as designated home team against the Kansas City Chiefs. This game was subsequently moved to Los Angeles due to poor field conditions at Estadio Azteca. The ensuing game would also attract notoriety as the third-highest scoring game in NFL history, and the highest-scoring game in Monday Night Football history.

In October 2018, the league confirmed four London Games would take place in 2019. Wembley Stadium would host two and Tottenham Hotspur Stadium would host the remaining two. The Jacksonville Jaguars would return to Wembley Stadium for the seventh consecutive year in line with their annual commitment. The final schedule was announced in April 2019 alongside that of the rest of the regular season. This marked the end of the Los Angeles Chargers', Los Angeles Rams' and Oakland Raiders' annual commitments, with all three moving to new stadiums in 2020.

In November 2019, the Atlanta Falcons and Miami Dolphins were announced as home teams for 2020 games in either London or Mexico City.

On February 4, 2020, it was announced that the Jaguars would play two home games at Wembley Stadium on consecutive weekends in 2020, the first time a team had done so. 2020 would also have been the final year of games at Wembley Stadium and the final year of the Jaguars' agreement to host annual home games there. On February 28, 2020, it was announced that the Arizona Cardinals would host a game in Mexico City. Their hosting was due to the awarding of Super Bowl LVII to the State Farm Stadium in 2018. The Cardinals would have returned to Estadio Azteca for the first time since 2005's Fútbol Americano game. The date and opponent were not announced at the time. On May 4, 2020, the league announced that all international games for  have been moved back to the home stadiums of the designated home teams due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On April 1, 2021, the Atlanta Falcons announced their intention to play a home game at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in October 2021. On May 11, it was reported that the Falcons and Jaguars would each host a game at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. This was confirmed the following day. This would mark the Jaguars' eighth home game in London but their first at Tottenham.

International marketing and expansion (2022–present)

The National Football League announced the International Home Marketing Areas initiative, where 19 NFL teams have been selected to freely market their team across eight countries, starting in January 2022. In May 2022, two more countries were added to the list of international marketing. In 2023, the league added Austria, Switzerland, France and Ireland. Teams were selected based on their proposals submitted to the NFL, along with the performance of their marketing domestically. The following teams were granted the five-year initiative that will allow marketing methods such as in-person events, sponsorships, and merchandise sales, as well as a high priority to compete in the countries granted in:

Notes

On February 9, 2022, the NFL confirmed the addition of the Germany Games to the International Series slate, initially with one game each year from 2022 to 2025. Mark Waller had previously stated in 2017 that the only holdup with games in Germany was what he dubbed "an inventory management thing," in that with four games already being played in London each year, adding additional games in Germany atop those four would pose logistical problems. The league began gauging interest from German cities regarding potential games in June 2021; the league viewed Germany as an ideal candidate for expansion of the International Series because of the country's high viewership for NFL games (2.2 million people in Germany watched Super Bowl LV) and the country's numerous modern stadiums. In October 2021, it was confirmed that Düsseldorf, Frankfurt and Munich had been invited to participate in deeper conversations about hosting NFL games.

In March 2022, the Jaguars confirmed they had reached an agreement with Wembley Stadium to host an annual game through 2024. In the following season, the Jaguars became the first team to play two games in London in one season. On October 1, they hosted the Atlanta Falcons at Wembley Stadium and then the following week on October 8 as the designated visiting team against the Buffalo Bills at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium; they won both games.

Game history

London Games

Mexico Games

Germany Games

Notes

Standings

Future

Future markets
Within the United Kingdom, aside from London, potential candidates for hosting NFL games include the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales; and Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. Other prime locations to get games would be Croke Park in Dublin, Ireland (Ireland has already hosted the NCAA Emerald Isle Classic, a college football game similar to the International Series, and former Steelers owner Dan Rooney was once an ambassador to the country), Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; China, Brazil, Spain and Canada (Canada hosted the Bills Toronto Series from 2008 to 2013 and a preseason game between the Green Bay Packers and the Oakland Raiders at IG Field in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 2019). In 2007, NFL senior Vice President Mark Waller doubted Asia or Australia would be targeted because of travel concerns, but did not dismiss the possibility. The league had planned to host a game in China in 2018 with the Los Angeles Rams as the home team against the San Francisco 49ers. The potential game in China was postponed (the third time the league has postponed playing in China, following failed attempts in 2007 and 2009) to being aimed for the 2019 season to coincide with the league's 100th anniversary; that game ultimately was not scheduled for 2019. The league has indicated that a China game is still not certain because of the lack of a fan base in the country; NFL games are played in the middle of the night in China. Other potential problems include whether the stadiums in China are suitable to play an NFL game and Beijing's notoriously poor air quality. The topic of a 2020 preseason game in China was discussed in the 2019 owners' meetings, but no news came out of those meetings.

Potential London team

The success of the International Series has led the NFL to focus its global expansion aims on the possibility of having a full franchise located in London. It is believed this would be most likely achieved through relocation of an existing franchise, with the Jaguars most often linked due to their association with the International Series, even though their owner is said to be content with the current arrangement and other franchises have more reason to move (the most often cited being poor on-field performance, lack of fans and uncertainty over stadium leases). The NFL has used some of the specific arrangements for the International Series games as a test bed for predicting how a London franchise could be made effective from a logistical and competitiveness standpoint.

Prior to the start of the 2019 season, the "extreme long shot" possibility arose that the Oakland Raiders, due to legal disputes with the city of Oakland and Alameda County, could play all of their home games in London in 2019; they were already slated to host one regular season game abroad and also played one of their preseason games in Winnipeg. Cost and logistics concerns left this scenario unlikely and was rendered moot when the Raiders and city and county officials ultimately reached an agreement to allow the Raiders to remain at the Oakland Coliseum through the 2019 season, before moving to Las Vegas in 2020.

See also
 List of National Football League games played outside the United States
 American Bowl
 Canadian Football League in the United States

References
Explanatory notes

Citations

External links

American football in England
American football in London
American football in Mexico
American football in Germany
International Series


Arsenio Hilario Sison Lacson Sr. (December 26, 1912 – April 15, 1962) was a Filipino lawyer, journalist and politician who gained widespread attention as 1st to be elected and 17th Mayor of Manila from 1952 to 1962. An active executive likened by Time and The New York Times to New York City's Fiorello La Guardia, he was the first Manila mayor to be reelected to three terms. Nicknamed "Arsenic" and described as "a good man with a bad mouth", Lacson's fiery temperament became a trademark of his political and broadcasting career. He died suddenly from a stroke amidst talk that he was planning to run in the 1965 presidential election.

Early life
Lacson was born on December 26, 1912 in Talisay, Negros Occidental to Roman Ledesma Lacson, and his wife Rosario Sison, during a storm. He was named after Philippine showman and journalist Arsenio Luz, whom his father greatly admired, and his grandfather Hilario Lacson. He was related to Aniceto Lacson, the president of the short-lived Republic of Negros. His niece, Rose, later gained prominence as a controversial socialite in Australia.

A sickly lad, Lacson turned to athletics while a student at the Ateneo de Manila University, where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree.

He became an amateur boxer while a student, accounting for his broken nose that later became a prominent feature of his profile.

Lacson studied law at the University of Santo Tomas. After graduating and passing the bar examinations in 1937, he joined the law office of future Senator Vicente Francisco, and later, the Department of Justice as an assistant attorney. Lacson also worked as a sportswriter before the outbreak of World War II.

Sporting career

Football
Lacson was part of the collegiate football team of the Ateneo de Manila University. He played at the halfback position or as defensive midfielder for the Ateneo squad. He was also part of the Philippine national football team and participated in tournaments such as the 1934 Far Eastern Championship Games.

World War II guerrilla

Lacson joined the armed resistance against the Japanese military which had invaded the Philippines in late 1941. He joined the Free Philippines underground movement, and acted as a lead scout during the Battle of Manila. Lacson also fought in the liberation of Baguio on April 26, 1945.

For his wartime service, Lacson received citations from the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the Sixth United States Army. Years later, when asked by Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi if he had learned Japanese during the war, Lacson responded, "I was too busy shooting at Japanese to learn any."

Journalism career
Lacson resumed his career in journalism after the war. He also had his own radio program called In This Corner, where he delivered social and political commentary. Lacson became popular as a result of his radio show, but also earned the ire of President Manuel Roxas, whom he nicknamed "Manny the Weep". In 1947, President Roxas ordered Lacson's suspension from the airwaves. The incident drew international attention after former US Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes defended Roxas's action and in turn drew rebuke for such defense from the popular radio commentator Walter Winchell. Lacson also wrote columns together with editor José W. Diokno, and writers Teodoro Locsin Sr., and Phillip Buencamino in a newspaper they founded called Free Philippines.

Political career

House of Representatives
In the 1949 general elections, Lacson ran for and won a seat in the House of Representatives, representing the 2nd District of Manila, which then consisted of the districts of Binondo, Quiapo, San Nicolas and Santa Cruz. He was elected under the banner of the Nacionalista Party. During the two years he served in the House, Lacson was cited by the media assigned to cover Congress as among the "10 Most Useful Congressmen" for "his excellent display as a fiscalizer and a lawmaker".

Mayor of Manila
In 1951, the office of Manila mayor became an elective position following the amendment of its city charter. Representative Lacson successfully unseated incumbent Manila Mayor Manuel de la Fuente in the first ever mayoralty election in the city. He assumed the office of mayor on January 1, 1952, thus giving up his seat in the Congress. He was re-elected in 1955 and 1959. He immediately became known as a tough-minded reformist mayor, and in the 1950s, he and Zamboanga City Mayor Cesar Climaco were touted as exemplars of good local governance. Climaco, in fact, was praised as "The Arsenio H. Lacson of the South".

At the time Lacson assumed office, Manila had around  in debt, some of which had been contracted thirty years earlier, and had no money to pay its employees. Within three years, the debt had been reduced in half, and by 1959, the city had a budget surplus of  and paid its employees twice the amount earned by other local government employees. By that time, Lacson claimed that the income earned by Manila for the Philippines supported 70% of the salaries of national government officials and members of Congress, as well as 70% of the expenses of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Lacson embarked on crusades to maintain peace and order and good government in Manila. He fired 600 city employees for incompetence, and dismissed corrupt policemen. He personally led raids on brothels masquerading as massage parlors and on unauthorized market vendors. Lacson ordered bulldozers to clear a squatter colony in Malate that had stood since shortly after the war. Lacson established a mobile 60-car patrol unit that patrolled the city at all hours, and he himself patrolled the city at night in a black police car. Lacson also established the Manila Zoo and the city's first underpass, located in Quiapo, posthumously named after him.

Throughout his ten years as mayor, Lacson maintained his radio program, which now aired over DZBB and was also later broadcast on television. The broadcasts were pre-recorded in order to edit out his expletives and occasional foul language. He spoke out on national and international issues, and responded to critics who suggested that he confine himself to city issues that he did not lose his right as a citizen to speak out on public affairs upon his election as mayor. He was a fervent critic of President Elpidio Quirino of the Liberal Party. In 1952, upon the filing of a criminal libel complaint against Lacson by a judge whom he criticized on his radio show, Quirino suspended Lacson from office. Lacson was suspended for 73 days until the Supreme Court voided Quirino's order.

Though the hard-drinking, gun-toting Lacson projected an image of machismo, the author Nick Joaquin observed:

Peak years

In 1953, Lacson actively campaigned for Nacionalista presidential candidate Ramon Magsaysay, who went on to defeat the incumbent Quirino. After President Magsaysay's death in a plane crash months before the 1957 presidential election, Lacson claimed that Magsaysay had offered to name him as the Nacionalista candidate for vice president, in lieu of incumbent Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia. According to Lacson, he declined the offer, telling Magsaysay "the time has not yet come".

Nonetheless, after Magsaysay's death, Lacson turned against the newly installed President Garcia, and considered running against Garcia in the 1957 election. In April 1957, Lacson went on a national tour in order to gauge his nationwide strength as a presidential candidate. While the tour indicated considerable popularity of Lacson in the provinces, his potential run was hampered by a lack of funding and a party machinery. It was believed that Lacson would have easily won the presidency in 1957 had he obtained the nomination of either the Nacionalista Party, then committed to Garcia, or the rival Liberal Party, which selected Jose Yulo as its candidate. The American expatriate and tobacco industrialist Harry Stonehill, who was later indicted by Justice Secretary José W. Diokno for bribing officials, falsely claimed that Lacson had asked him to finance his campaign against Garcia. When Stonehill refused, Lacson decided not to run, and thereafter, staged a rally at Plaza Miranda where he denounced the United States and what he perceived as the subservience of the Philippine government to the Americans. In his career, Lacson was frequently tagged as anti-American, and he criticized the United States for having no foreign policy "but just a pathological fear of communism".

Meteoric rise and proposed presidential campaign with José W. Diokno
Garcia won in the 1957 election, and Lacson became a persistent critic of the President throughout his four-year term. In 1961, Lacson turned against the Nacionalista Party and supported the presidential candidacy of Vice-President Diosdado Macapagal of the Liberal Party. He was named Macapagal's national campaign manager and was attributed as "the moving spirit behind a nationwide drive that led to Macapagal's victory at the polls". Not long after Macapagal's election, Lacson returned to the Nacionalista Party and became increasingly critical of the President, explaining "I only promised to make Macapagal President, not agree with him forever." Lacson was considered as the likely presidential candidate of the Nacionalistas for the 1965 election, with his close friend José Wright Diokno as his intended running mate. Before becoming the justice secretary through Lacson's endorsement, Diokno previously defended the mayor and radio personality for libel charges against his talk show. Lacson in turn often visited Diokno's Parañaque home in the wee hours to make breakfast for Diokno and his wife Carmen. The lawyer and future senator often volunteered to edit Lacson's newspaper articles. Lacson garnered a huge level of fame that would have allowed him to win as president in the 1965 election. Unfortunately Lacson suddenly died, allowing the party to select Ferdinand Marcos, an Ilocano politician who left the Liberal Party to give him an opportunity to run against partymate Macapagal. Lacson was also Marcos's lawyer when he was tried for the murder of Julio Nalundasan in the 1930s. Lacson often chided Marcos for this to which the latter often lost his temper and consequently lost debates to Lacson.

Death
As mayor, Lacson had faced several attempts on his life. He twice disarmed gunmen who had attacked him, and survived an ambush as he was driving home one night. Around 5:40 P.M. of August 15, 1962, a hotel boy named Pablo Olazo, who was asked by Lacson to get him some ice, saw him almost at the end of his bed and he was profusely perspiring. Olazo, then fetched for the aides of Lacson, and later called Mario Tintiangco, his personal physician, but it was Godofredo Banzon, who was the first doctor arrived around 5:50 in the afternoon. Around fifteen minutes later, Banzon pronounced Lacson dead. By that time, a secondary physician named Baltazar Villaraza arrived, and he and Banzon thought that the cause of Lacson's death was coronary thrombosis. Lacson's died at the age of 49. Some sources claimed that he was fatally stricken at a hotel suite while in the company of Charito Solis, but the records show that he was alone in his hotel room and did not log Solis's name. Lacson was buried at the Manila North Cemetery. His official cause of death surprised his relatives, claiming that Lacson had undergone a routine medical check-up shortly before his death, which showed that his heart was in perfect condition.

Personal life
Lacson was only 21 when he married 18-year old Sampaloc, Manila scion Luz Santiago in 1932 and had 4 children, including Gigi Santiago and Arsenio Jr.

Legacy

Places named after Lacson include the Lacson Underpass in Quiapo, while Plaza Goiti in Santa Cruz renamed into "Plaza Lacson", and Governor Forbes Avenue in Sampaloc and Santa Cruz was renamed into "Lacson Avenue". In Plaza Lacson is one of Lacson's statues; another statue was erected along Roxas Boulevard facing Manila Bay, this time of him seated on a bench reading a newspaper. Lacson was later honored with a statue outside Manila City Hall.

Notes

References

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1912 births
1962 deaths
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Filipino radio journalists
Paramilitary Filipinos
People from Negros Occidental
University of Santo Tomas alumni
Mayors of Manila
Nacionalista Party politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Manila
20th-century Filipino lawyers
Burials at the Manila North Cemetery
Philippines men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Filipino men's footballers


Slight or slights may refer to:

 Slight, an intentional discourtesy
 Slighting, the deliberate destruction of a fortification to reduce its value

Arts and entertainment
 Slights (novel) (2009), a horror novel by Kaaron Warren
 "Slight", a song from the 2002 hip hop album Circle by Boom Bip and Doseone

People
 Aaron Slight (born 1966), former professional motorcycle road racer
 George Henry Slight (1859–1934), Scottish engineer
 Jim Slight (1855–1930), Australian cricketer

See also
 Sleight (disambiguation)

 Slite, a locality in Sweden


National Defense (, ON) was a volunteer military formation of the Second Polish Republic.

Its units (brigades and demi-brigades, divided into battalions) were subordinated to various Polish corps and armies.

National Defense is most commonly referred through its units (brigades - sing. Brygada Obrony Narodowej (Brygada ON)  or battalions - sing. Batalion Obrony Narodowej (Batalion ON); the units were also named by the geographical region they were related to, and if more than one was formed, by Roman numerals, ex. Batalion ON "Lwów II")

National Defense units were composed of volunteers, some reservists and unemployed. They were equipped with second-grade weaponry, and their goal was to support defensive operations of the regular Polish Army. National Defense was created by an order of the Polish Ministry of Military Affairs on 5 December 1936; the brigades begun to be formed in 1937.

During the German invasion of Poland in 1939, National Defense mobilized 83 battalions (approximately 1,600 officers and 50,000 soldiers).

Brigades
I DOK: Warszawska Brygada Obrony Narodowej (Warsaw Brigade of National Defense)

II DOK: Wołyńska Półbrygada Obrony Narodowej (Volhynian Demi-Brigade of National Defense)

III DOK: Dziśnieńska Półbrygada Obrony Narodowej (Dzisna Half-Brigade of National Defense)

IV DOK: Sieradzka Brygada Obrony Narodowej  (Sieradz Brigade of National Defense)

V DOK: Dąbrowska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Górnośląska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Podhalańska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Śląsko-Cieszyńska Brygada Obrony Narodowej  (Dąbrowa Górnicza Brigade of National Defense, Upper Silesian Brigade of National Defense, Podhale Brigade of National Defense, Cieszyn Silesia Brigade of National Defense)

VI DOK: Lwowska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Tarnopolska Półbrygada Obrony Narodowej (Lwów Brigade of National Defense, Tarnopol Half-Brigade of National Defense)

VII DOK: Poznańska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Kaliska Brygada Obrony Narodowej (Poznań Brigade of National Defense, Kalisz Brigade of National Defense)

VIII DOK: Chełmińska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Morska Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Pomorska Brygada Obrony Narodowej (Chełmno Brigade of National Defense, Sea Brigade of National Defense, Pomorze Brigade of National Defense)

X DOK: Karpacka Brygada Obrony Narodowej, Podkarpacka Brygada Obrony Narodowej (Carpathian Brigade of National Defense, Subcarpathian Brigade of National Defense)

Brigades:
Chełmińska Brygada ON •
Cieszyńska Brygada ON •
Dąbrowska Brygada ON •
Kaliska Brygada ON •
Karpacka Brygada ON •
Lwowska Brygada ON •
Morska Brygada ON •
Podhalańska Brygada ON •
Podkarpacka Brygada ON •
Pomorska Brygada ON •
Poznańska Brygada ON •
Sieradzka Brygada ON •
Śląska Brygada ON •
Warszawska Brygada ON

Battalions:
Bielsko •
Brodnica •
Brzozów •
Bydgoszcz •
Chełm •
Chrzanów •
Cieszyn I •
Cieszyn II •
Czersk •
Dąbrowa Górnicza •
Gdynia I •
Gdynia II •
Gdynia III •
Grudziądz •
Huculski I •
Huculski II •
Jabłonowo •
Jarosław •
Jasło •
Kartuzy IV •
Kaszuby V •
Katowice •
Kcynia •
Kępno •
Kłobuck •
Koronowo •
Kościan •
Kościerzyna •
Kowel •
Koźmin •
Krosno •
Krotoszyn •
Leszno •
Limanowa •
Lubliniec •
Lwów I •
Lwów II •
Łuck •
Mazurski I •
Mazurski II •
Nakło •
Nowy Sącz •
Oborniki •
Olkusz •
Opalenica •
Ostrów •
Ostrzeszów •
Oświęcim •
Poznań I •
Poznań II •
Przemyśl •
Rawicz •
Rybnik •
Rzeszów •
Sambor •
Sanok •
Sosnowiec •
Stanisławów •
Starogard •
Stry •
Szamotuły •
Świecie •
Tarnowskie Góry •
Tuchola •
Turka •
Warszawski I •
Warszawski II •
Warszawski III •
Wągrowiec •
Wieluń I •
Wieluń II •
Zakopane •
Zawiercie •
Żnin •
Żywiec

Notes

See also
 Polish army order of battle in 1939

Military units and formations established in 1936
Military units and formations of Poland in World War II


Gregory VI of Cilicia (; also Gregory VI Apiratsi or Grigor VI Apirat) was the Catholicos of the Armenian Church from 1194 to 1203, located in Sis. In 1198, he proclaimed a union between Rome and the Armenian Church.

Gregory VI was a nephew of Gregory III of Cilicia and Nerses IV the Gracious. He was favorable to the Latins and had been nominated by Prince Levon I of Armenia (the future King Levon I), because of the need of an alliance. This election created a schism in the Armenian Church however, and a rival anti-patriarch was elected in Greater Armenia.

Gregory's announcement of union was not followed in deeds however, as the local clergy and populace was strongly opposed to it.

When Levon, Lord of Cilicia, asked to the Pope and to the Emperor that he be recognized as king, the condition was that the Armenian Church should join the Roman rite. He formally accepted the union, but this again was without effect as the Armenian clergy was strongly opposed to it, and never accepted the doctrine of the double nature of Christ. Gregory VI crowned him King of Armenia in 1198/1199 and the Cilician Armenian kingdom began.

References
René Grousset, L'Empire du Levant : Histoire de la Question d'Orient, 1949

Catholicoi of Cilicia
Armenian Apostolic Christians
Pahlavuni family
13th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops
12th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops


Welcome to Sajjanpur is a 2008 Indian Hindi comedy film directed by Shyam Benegal and starring Shreyas Talpade and Amrita Rao in the lead roles. The film is by noted Parallel cinema director, Shyam Benegal, marking his return to comedy after filming Charandas Chor (1975). Even though Benegal is responsible for other films in the parallel cinema genre, this film was one of his mainstream Bollywood films. It was a remake of the 1977 film Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein. The film was both critically and commercially successful.

Plot

Mahadev (Shreyas Talpade) is an unemployed graduate with a Bachelor of Arts from Satna college who lives with his mother, is forced to make a living writing letters for the uneducated people of his village. His real ambition is to become a novel writer. Through his humble occupation, Mahadev has the potential to impact numerous lives. The movie is a satirical, but warm-hearted portrait of life in rural India. He realizes this passion when an aunt of his wants him to write a letter to her son who has treated his mother with disrespect and the letter seemed to have worked. This made her aunt tell the villagers what an amazing writer he truly was. Initially the village folk would come to his home to get their letters written but his mother did not approve of it so he decided to set up a small work space near the post office.

Among Mahadev's customers are:
 Mahadev's childhood crush and second grade classmate Kamla who eventually became a school dropout because of her seizures (Amrita Rao) is desperate for communication from her husband Bansi Ram (Kunal Kapoor), who works as a labourer at a dockyard in Mumbai. In the letters to her husband, a jealous Mahadev writes the opposite of the loving messages Kamla wants to convey, while faking what her husband has written to her.

 A hurried mother (Ila Arun) who wants to get her ill-starred daughter, Vindhya (Divya Dutta) married.
 A landlord whose wife is a candidate for the village Sarpanch, and who wants all her political rivals eliminated from the race.
 A eunuch Munni who is contesting the elections for the village Sarpanch but fears the threats from the landlord.
 A love-lorn compounder, Ram Kumar (Ravi Kishan), who is crazy about the widowed daughter-in-law Shobha Rani (Rajeshwari Sachdev) of a retired army soldier.

Mahadev manages to get his friend engaged, police protection for Munni, and almost kisses Kamla before they are interrupted. However Munni is killed after winning the election by the opposition, and he learns a shocking truth about Kamla's husband who used to sell his blood so he could earn a reasonable amount of money. It soon turns out that the story was a fictional novel written by the real Mahadev, but it is mostly based on his own experiences. Though it turns out that some of the villagers didn't exactly have happy endings, Mahadev sorts out his mistakes and accomplishes his long-held dream of writing a novel.

As Mahadev, under pseudo name Sukhdev, reveals that Munnibai became a successful politician, becoming an MLA, or a Member of the State Legislature, with high connections and powerful people surrounding her. It is also revealed that Kamla and Bansi are happy in small house in Mumbai, who come to visit Sajjanpur every Diwali. In midst of all these good news, Mahadev notes that Ram Kumar and Shobha Rani were lynched because members of their community opposed a widow getting remarried. Mahadev also notes that he married the ill-starred Vindhya after wooing her by writing 40 letters. While most people consider an ill-starred person to be a great misfortune, Mahadev notes that he became successful due to his marriage, as he paid down his farm land mortgage, built a wonderful house and realised his dream of writing a novel.

Cast

 Shreyas Talpade as Mahadev Kushwaha
 Amrita Rao as Kamla Kumbharan, clay pot maker
 Kunal Kapoor as Bansi Ram
 Ravi Kishan as Ram Kumar
 Ravi Jhankal as Munnibai Mukhanni
 Yashpal Sharma as Ramsingh
 Rajeshwari Sachdev as Shobha Rani, Ramkumar's love interest
 Divya Dutta as Vindhya
 Ila Arun as Ramsakhi Pannawali
 Lalit Mohan Tiwari as Subedar Singh, father-in law of Shobha Rani
 Rajit Kapur as Collector
 Mangala Kenkare as Mahadev's mother
 Vineeta Malik (Kamla's mother-in-law)
 Daya Shankar Pandey as Chidamiram Naga Sapera
 Sri Vallabh Vyas as Ramavtar Tyagi, school teacher of Mahadev and Kamla
 Preeti Nigam as Jamuna Bai
 Keshav Deepak as Theatre actor

Soundtrack
Music of the film is by Shantanu Moitra. The music was released on 5 September 2008., there are a total of seven songs in the soundtrack including one remix.

 "Sitaram Sitaram" - KK
 "Ek Meetha Marz De Ke" - Madhushree, Mohit Chauhan
 "Bheeni Bheeni Mehki Mehki" - KK, Shreya Ghoshal
 "Dildara Dildara" - Sunidhi Chauhan, Sonu Nigam
 "Aadmi Azaad Hai" - Kailash Kher
 "Munni Ki Baari" - Ajay Jhingran
 "Sitaram Sitaram" (remix) - KK

Reception
Upon its release, the film received positive reviews and became a sleeper hit at the box office. An Indiatimes review said, "Shyam Benegal has always been accredited as a mesmerizing storyteller known for making 'meaningful' cinema. This time he also caters to commercial consumers, coming up with his most 'entertaining' attempt, by far."

Khalid Mohamed of Hindustan Times gave the film a 3 out of 5 stars, and stated "Sajjanpur is different, it has a conscience, and merits a ticket from those who have one too". Times of India gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and stated, "It's simple, uncomplicated storytelling leaves a smile on your face". The Economic Times stated, "Shyam Benegal has always been accredited as a mesmerizing storyteller known for making 'meaningful' cinema. This time he also caters to commercial consumers, coming up with his most 'entertaining' attempt, by far". [IMDB] Rated 6.9 out of 10 and stated An educated man spends his days writing letters for the varied inhabitants of his small, poor, and illiterate village, in this political and social satire.

Awards and nominations
 Amrita Rao - Winner, Stardust Best Actress Award
Ashok Mishra - Winner,  Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year

References

External links

 Sen, Meheli (2011) "Vernacular Modernities and Fitful Globalities in Shyam Benegal’s Cinematic Provinces", in: manycinemas 1, 8-22, Online, pdf-version

2008 films
2000s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Shyam Benegal
Indian comedy films
UTV Motion Pictures films
Remakes of Indian films
2008 comedy films
Hindi-language comedy films


Two pack may refer to:

Collections of two objects of the same type
 Twopack (European Union law), two regulations to reform a part of the Stability and Growth Pact for eurozone member states
Media and entertainment
 2Pac, the artist name of the American rapper, actor, poet and activist Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996)


Garner Ekstran (born September 1, 1941 in Bow, Washington) was a professional Canadian football defensive end and linebacker who played seven seasons for the Saskatchewan Roughriders and one more with the BC Lions.

Saskatchewan Roughriders
Garner Ekstran played defense for the Saskatchewan Roughriders from 1961 to 1967. He was a CFL all-star in , , and , at defensive end for the first two and also at outside linebacker. Ekstran's solid play on defense helped the Roughriders win the Grey cup in 1966 against the Ottawa Rough Riders.

BC Lions
Eksrand finished his playing career with the Lions, spending one more year before retiring from professional football.

References

1939 births
Living people
BC Lions players
Canadian football defensive linemen
Canadian football linebackers
People from Bow, Washington
Players of American football from Washington (state)
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Washington State Cougars football players