LAC Group, formerly known as Library Associates Companies (LAC), is an information services vendor for research and intelligence, library operations, spend and cost management and media archiving. The company provides skilled staffing and consulting services primarily to law firms, Fortune 1000 corporations and government agencies.

History
LAC Group was founded in 1986 by Deb Schwarz as a staffing agency specializing in law libraries.

By 1989, it was offering technical services and serving other academic and other special libraries.  In 1999, Library Associates caused a stir in library circles and gained national attention when they were selected by Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP to manage their library operations.

The company continued its expansion into different markets with its acquisition of Medical Library Consultants (MLC) from Betsey Beamish in 2001 and of Sanad Support Technologies from Jodi
and Fuad Suleiman in 2003. With the acquisition of Sanad, Library Associates consisted of two divisions, Library Associates and Library Associates of Maryland, which were integrated as Library Associates Companies in 2007.

In 2009, the company name was changed to LAC Group. Subsequent acquisitions include spend management consulting firm Chase Cost Management in 2011, film archiving business PRO-TEK Vaults from Eastman Kodak in 2013, and competitive research agency ShiftCentral in 2019.

Services
LAC Group's service lines of business include: Consulting & Project Management, Information & Asset Management, Library Staffing & Research Services, Legal Staffing, Managed Services, and Recruiting.

Notes

See also
 Outsourcing
 Recruitment process outsourcing

References

 Alt URL

Library-related organizations
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Educational organizations established in 1986
Employment agencies of the United States
Privately held companies based in California
1986 establishments in California
Competitive intelligence
Business services companies established in 1986


Daiane Conterato (born October 17, 1990 in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian fashion model of Italian descent.  She is represented by Ford Models Brasil in São Paulo, The Society Management in New York, Elite Milan in Milan, Elite Paris in Paris, Traffic Models in Barcelona, and Bravo Models in Tokyo.

Conterato made her runway debut at the fall 2006 Prada show. During 2006, she appeared on the cover of L'Uomo Vogue and in editorials in V, French Vogue, The New York Times T style magazine, and Vogue Italia. During the Spring 2007 fashion weeks, she opened the Alexander McQueen show and also walked for Chanel. During 2007, she appeared in advertisements for Marc Jacobs, Miss Sixty, Rebecca Taylor and in editorials in Vogue Italia, British Vogue, and Dazed & Confused. In March 2007, she was selected as one of the top ten new models by Marie Claire bookings editor Amy Argento.

During Spring 2008 fashion weeks, Conterato opened the Alexandre Herchcovitch and Christopher Kane shows and closed the Yohji Yamamoto show. She also walked in Spring 2008 couture shows including Armani Privé, Christian Dior, Givenchy, and Jean Paul Gaultier. During Fall 2008 fashion weeks, she opened for Ann Demeulemeester and also walked for Alexander McQueen, Balenciaga, Dries van Noten, Givenchy, and Miu Miu. During 2008, she appeared on the cover of Tank Magazine and in an editorial in Elle. During Spring 2009 fashion weeks, she opened for Alexandre Herchovitch and Proenza Schouler and closed for Ann Demeulemeester. In 2009, she appeared in ads for Akris, on the cover of Brazilian Vogue. and in an editorial in ''Grey shot by Bruno Aveillan

In Spring 2013, Conterato became one of the campaign models for Christian Dior. She has proved herself as a perennial favorite of both Raf Simons at Jil Sander and now Dior, of Miuccia Prada at Prada and Miu Miu, and Dries van Noten, having walked his show in Paris for seventeen consecutive seasons.

References

External links

 Diane Conterato at Models.com

Brazilian female models
Living people
1990 births
Brazilian people of Polish descent
Brazilian people of Italian descent


Barry Bryan Clarke (born 10 October 1952) is a Canadian Anglican bishop. He served as the 11th Anglican Bishop of Montreal, between 2004 and August 2015. He was also previously the interim rector of St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario) and Dean of Huron.

Clarke was born in Montreal and educated at McGill University and the Montreal Theological College. Upon ordination he became curate at St Matthias' Montreal. His career then progressed steadily upwards through incumbencies at St-Bruno, Quebec, St Michael and All Angels, Montreal and St Paul's Lachine before the bishopric of Montreal.

Self-described as a committed youth and community worker, in his ordination speech he appropriated Jesus' claim to "come not to be served, but to serve." He is a supporter of the blessing of same-sex unions.

See also
List of Anglican Bishops of Montreal

Notes

1952 births
Living people
McGill University alumni
Canadian Anglican priests
Clergy from Montreal
Anglican bishops of Montreal


David Rogers (April 19, 1955 – March 8, 2020) was an American racing driver who won the NASCAR Weekly Racing Series national championship in 1994.

Racing career
Rogers won hundreds of short-track races throughout Florida. He was crowned NASCAR’s National Short Track Champion in 1994 after, while driving his own late model, he won all 22 races at Volusia County Speedway in Barberville, Florida, making him the first NASCAR Weekly Series national champion to complete a season undefeated. He had wins in all of New Smyrna Speedway’s biggest races, including the Florida Governor’s Cup, Orange Blossom 100, Red Eye 100, Pete Orr Memorial and World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing.

He competed in 5 NASCAR Busch Series events, 3 in 1982, 1 in 1983 and the other in 1992. His best finish was 9th at Charlotte Motor Speedway, he also failed to qualify to one Busch Series event. He ran 2 ARCA Racing Series races, failed to qualify to one and withdrew from other, between 1980 and 1984.

Rogers also ran 3 NASCAR Southeast Series races, between 1991 and 1992, with a best finish of 6th at Volusia County Speedway.

He used to compete annually in the Snowball Derby, his best finish was 6th (twice), in 2008 and 2013. His last race was in the 2019 Snowball Derby.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Busch Series

ARCA Permatex SuperCar Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

References

External links

NASCAR drivers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Deaths from cancer in Florida


Daniel Narcisse (born 16 December 1979) is a retired French handball player and French international from 2000 to 2017. He is a double Olympic champion, quadruple World champion and triple European champion, one of the most awarded French team handball players with nine international titles. He progresses to the position of half-center or rear left.

In 2012, with an exceptional year both in the French team (Olympic title) and in the club (Champions League, German championship and German cup), he was voted best handball player of the year 2012 by the International Handball Federation.

Career
Narcisse joined THW Kiel in 2009, replacing Nikola Karabatic, and has since 2013 played for Paris Handball.

Narcisse is a longtime player on the France men's national handball team, and won with it all major titles: world title (in 2001, 2009, 2015 and 2017), European title (in 2006, 2010 and 2014) and Olympic gold medal (in 2008 and 2012). His main strength as a field player is his jumping ability, enabling him to score goals above interfering defense players. This ability earned him the nickname Air France.

Narcisse  was voted into the All star team at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship, where France finished third. In 2012 he was named the IHF World Player of the Year.

References

External links

 Daniel Narcisse at Ligue Nationale de Handball

1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saint-Denis, Réunion
Sportsmen from Réunion
French male handball players
Handball players from Réunion
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for France
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic silver medalists for France
Olympic medalists in handball
Expatriate handball players
French expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
European champions for France
VfL Gummersbach players
THW Kiel players
Handball-Bundesliga players


Traditional Catholic Calendar may refer to:

 Tridentine calendar
 General Roman Calendar of 1954
 General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
 General Roman Calendar of 1960


Nannostomus harrisoni, (from the Greek: nanos = small, and the Latin stomus = relating to the mouth; harrisoni = in honor of geologist, John Burchmore Harrison), is a species of pencil fish.  Native to The Guianas, the species displays a single horizontal stripe of intense black, and blood red adornments on its fins.  N. harrisoni is often confused with Nannostomus unifasciatus, another long, slender, single-striped species with similar profile and coloration, but N. harrisoni swims in a horizontal posture, as opposed to the snout-up oblique posture of N.unifasciatus, and the bright red adornments on the ventral fins of N. harrisoni are absent in N. unifasciatus. Though the recently described species N. grandis has been dubbed the largest member of the genus, adults of N. harrisoni commonly grow to a length of 70 mm, making it in fact the largest species of pencil fish described to date. It is commonly known as Harrison's pencilfish.

The  fish is named  in honor of John Burchmore Harrison (1856-1928), a Government Geologist in Georgetown, British Guiana, for his assistance during Eigenmann's 1908 expedition to the region.

References

Lebiasinidae
Taxa named by Carl H. Eigenmann
Fish described in 1909
Fish of French Guiana
Fish of Guyana


Douglas or Doug Ross may refer to:

 Douglas Ross (Canadian politician) (1883–1961), Canadian politician
 Douglas George Ross (1897–1980), Chief Constable of Sutherland
 Douglas T. Ross (1929–2007), American computer scientist
 Douglas Ross (physicist) (born 1948), British physicist
 Douglas A. Ross (born 1948), Canadian political scientist
 Doug Ross (ice hockey) (1951–2022), American Olympic ice hockey player and coach
 Douglas Ross (Scottish politician) (born 1983), Leader of the Scottish Conservatives, member of the UK parliament, member of the Scottish parliament
 Doug Ross, fictional character from the television series ER


HMS Mutine was a Royal Navy 18-gun , built by Henry Tucker at Bideford and launched in 1806. During her career she was in combat in Danish waters, in the Bay of Biscay, and at Algiers. She also visited North America, South America, and the West Coast of Africa. She was sold in 1819.

Career

Danish waters
In August 1806  Commander Hew (or Hugh) Stewart (or Steuart) commissioned Mutine, which underwent fitting out at Plymouth for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea until February 1807. She then participated in Britain's attack on Copenhagen and the subsequent Gunboat War with Denmark.

Mutine's first duties involved escorting the King's German Legion to and from the island of Rügen. In preparation for the attack on Copenhagen. In August 1807, she covered the landings of British troops at Køge, south of Copenhagen, where they set up a battery north of Køge in preparation for laying siege to the Danish capital.

The Danish deployed gun-vessels in an attempted to disrupt the operations. The British countered with a flotilla consisting of Mutine,  and , and four bomb vessels, , ,  and .  Captain Peter Puget of  took command of the flotilla and deployed to protect the troops.

On 22 August a Danish flotilla of three praams, each carrying 20 guns, and over 30 gunboats, attacked the inshore squadron off the entrance to Copenhagen's harbour.  Several floating batteries and block-ships added their support to the Danish flotilla by also firing on the British vessels.  The battle lasted for four hours, but resulted in little damage and few casualties, thought the Danes did drive back the British.

Mutine and  were among the British vessels sharing in the prize money arising from the capture of the Hans and Jacob (17 August), Odifiord (4 September) and Benedicta (12 September).

On 2 October, the Juliana, out of Liverpool had encountered and driven off a French privateer 200 miles west of Scilly.  The next day, Juliana spotted a brig, and after closing on her under a French flag, raised the English flag and boarded her. Suspicious because her captain was carrying several different sets of papers, Captain Bibby of the Juliana planned to take her into Liverpool. Mutine arrived on the scene in the evening, and after ascertaining the situation, Captain Stewart took over the prize vessel, by now identified as the Joannah, and put his own crew aboard her.

South America
By May 1808 command of the Mutine had passed to Commander Charles Montague Fabian. He sailed to Sierra Leone via Madeira and Gorée, to deliver the new governor of the colony, Thomas Perronet Thompson. Mutine then returned to Britain. Fabian sailed for Brazil on 8 November.

Mutine was part of the squadron under Rear Admiral Michael de Courcy when  wrecked near the island of Gorita in the Rio de Plata on 20 June 1809. Her carpenter joined those of Agamemnon, ,  and  in signing a document attesting that although Agamemnon might be righted, pumped out and somewhat repaired, she was effectively a total loss. Mutine remained on station, helping with the salvage operations, particularly of the cannons, 38 of which were rescued and landed at Gorita.

Mutine was anchored in the harbour of Buenos Aires on 25 May 1810 during May Week when the revolution broke out in the city. Captain Fabian broke out bunting and saluted the revolution with salvos of cannon. He also gave a rousing speech on liberty and revolution, praising the revolutionaries for having gained their freedom. Mutine escorted , which had come from Lima with a valuable cargo, to England. On her return in early July, Mutine reported to Lord Wellesley on the revolution in Argentina.

Battle with the French
On 22 October 1810, Commander Frederick William Burgoyne briefly took command before passing it on 31 October to Commander Nevison de Courcy. In 1812 de Courcy sailed Mutine to Quebec, and then home.

When news of the outbreak of the War of 1812 reached Britain, the Royal Navy seized all American vessels then in British ports. Mutine was among the Royal Navy vessels then lying at Spithead or Portsmouth and so entitled to share in the grant for the American ships Belleville, Janus, Aeos, Ganges and Leonidas seized there on 31 July 1812.

In 1813, Mutine was operating in the Western Approaches. Whilst Mutine was cruising in the Bay of Biscay De Courcy spotted a strange sail on the morning of 17 April. Mutine gave chase and at about 2pm her quarry hoisted the French flag. She then opened fire on Mutine with her stern chasers. The fire damaged Mutines rigging, slowing her and causing her to begin to fall behind. Still, Mutine managed to stay close enough to fire back for the next two hours. Eventually, shots from Mutine took away her quarry's main-top-gallant-mast and jibs, slowing her and allowing Mutine to catch up. Then, after a further 50 minutes of battering, the French vessel struck. She turned out to be the privateer Invincible, Martin Jortis, master. Her armament consisted of twelve French 18-pounder carronades and four 6-pounder guns, though she was pierced for four more cannon. Mutine took the crew of 86, some of whom were Americans, prisoner. Mutine had suffered only two men slightly wounded in the engagement.

The American privateer Alexander later recaptured Invincible, only to lose her to boats from  and  on 16 May. The British then sent Invincible to Halifax. Invincible did not reach Halifax. The American privateer Teazer re-re-captured her and sent her into Portland.

Alexander did not survive much longer;  drove her ashore off Kenebank on 19 May. Alexanders crew escaped, whilst Rattler pulled off the ship herself and salvaged it with the assistance of the schooner .

From 7 June 1814 Mutine sailed under Commander James Athill in the Leeward Islands. From 15 October her captain was Commander James Mould.

Later years, and at Algiers
She took part in Lord Exmouth's punitive expedition against the Dey of Algiers, and was present at the Bombardment of Algiers in 1816.  During the bombardment she was anchored off the port bow of , whilst the other sloops kept under way. She suffered no casualties. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Algiers" to still living claimants who had been present on 27 August 1816.

In October Commander William Sargent took command for the Cork Station. Mutine spent most of her remaining years patrol between the south coast of England and Cork, Ireland.

Fate
The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered Mutine for sale at Plymouth on 3 February 1819. She was sold on that day to G. Young for £1,310.

Notes

Citations

References

 Clowes, Sir William Laird, Sir Clements Robert Markham, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Herbert Wrigley Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, Leonard George Carr Laughton (1900) The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present. (S. Low, Marston and co.).

External links
 Phillips, Michael: Ships of the Old Navy - Mutine (1806)

Cruizer-class brig-sloops
1806 ships
Brig-sloops of the Royal Navy


The Herald-Palladium is a newspaper distributed in the Southwest Michigan region serving all or part of Berrien, Cass, Van Buren, and Allegan Counties.

History

The Herald-Palladium is a merger of many former local newspapers in the twin cities of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph, Michigan.

Palladium predecessors

Herald-Press
The Herald-Press formed in 1916 in St. Joseph from the merger of two other newspapers:

 The Evening Herald was the second venture of Palladium's founder, Leonard Merchant. In 1877 he moved to St. Joseph and bought an existing newspaper, The Traveler and Herald. He changed its name to The St. Joseph Weekly Herald.  Merchant brought his son, Leonard E. Merchant into the business. They sold it to Ephriam W. Moore around 1900, who turned it into a daily afternoon paper.
 The St. Joseph Press was founded as a weekly newspaper in 1888. In 1905, Ephriam Moore's nephew, Joseph Brewer, bought it and turned it into a daily newspaper.

In 1916, uncle and nephew merged their operations.

News-Palladium
The News-Palladium was formed in 1904 from the merger of two newspapers:

 The Benton Harbor Palladium was founded in 1868 and named after a newspaper in New Haven, Connecticut where its founder and his wife had previously worked. This newspaper is the earliest predecessor of the Herald-Palladium. Leonard G. Merchant founded the weekly newspaper, but sold it in 1869 to J.P. Thresher. Over the next 16 years it was sold several more times, finally to Frank Gibson. In 1886, he converted it to a daily, called The Daily Palladium.
 The Evening News, founded 1895 by John Nellis Klock, J. Stanley Morton and Humphrey S. Gray.

The News outperformed the Palladium, prompting Frank Gibson to sell his paper to the competing concern in 1904. Klock and company in turn sold it to Moore in 1910.

Herald-Palladium
With the 1910 and 1916 sales and mergers, all four predecessor newspapers were under Moore's control, but operated as two separate newspapers, one in each city. In 1919, Klock and two new associates incorporated Palladium Publishing Co., as a vehicle to purchase Klock's Benton Harbor paper back from Moore upon his retirement. They then purchased the St. Joseph newspaper in 1928, once again consolidating ownership, but not operating companies or reporting.

By 1965, operations had started to merge, with a shared publishing plant and advertising. The content also became common. The corporate structures were fully merged in 1970, and, the final change to a single masthead, The Herald-Palladium, occurred February 3, 1975.

Palladium sold out to Thomson in 1985. Thomson divested the paper to Conrad Black's Hollinger in 1996, which sold it on to Paxton Media Group in 2000.

References

External links

Newspapers published in Michigan
Berrien County, Michigan


Georges Beaucourt (15 April 1912 – 27 February 2002) was a French association football player who participated at the 1934 FIFA World Cup. He played club football with Lille and Lens; he was also the manager of Lens between 1941 and 1942.

References

External links

 Profile on French federation official site
 Profile at sitercl.com

1912 births
2002 deaths
Footballers from Roubaix
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
French football managers
1934 FIFA World Cup players
Olympique Lillois players
RC Lens players
Ligue 1 players
RC Lens managers
Men's association football defenders


There are several places using the name Granite Hot Springs:

 Granite Hot Springs, Nevada in Washoe County, Nevada, now known as Lawton Hot Springs
 Granite Hot Springs, Montana in Missoula County, Montana
 Granite Hot Springs, Wyoming in Sublette County, Wyoming


The Diocese of Mallorca ( is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Palma, Majorca in the Ecclesiastical province of Valencia in Spain.

History
 450: Established as Diocese of Majorca
 1237: Restored as Diocese of Majorca from Diocese of Barcelona

Special churches
Minor Basilicas:
Basílica de Nostra Senyora de Lluc, Mallorca, Illes Balears
Basílica de Sant Francesc, Palma, Illes Balears

Leadership
Raimundo Torrelles (12 Oct 1238 – 11 Jun 1266 Died)
Pedro Morella (4 Oct 1266 – 1282 Died)
. . .
Guillermo Vilanova (15 Mar 1304 – 1318 Died)
Guido Terrena, O. Carm. (15 Apr 1321 – 27 Jul 1332 Appointed, Bishop of Elne)
Berenguer Battle (27 Jul 1332 – 1 Nov 1349 Died)
. . .
Antonio Galiana (5 Jul 1363 – 9 Apr 1375 Died)
. . .
Francesco Climent Sapera (Pérez Clemente) (17 Aug 1403 – 20 Jun 1407 Appointed, Bishop of Tortosa)
. . .
Francesco Ferrer (13 Feb 1467 – 17 Jun 1475 Died)
. . .
Rodrigo de Borja (9 Oct 1489 – 11 Aug 1492 Elected, Pope)
Giovanni Battista Savelli (31 Aug 1492 – 27 Mar 1493 Resigned)
Guillermo Ramón de Moncada (1493 – 16 Mar 1496 Appointed, Bishop of Tarazona)
Antonio de Rojas Manrique (1496–1507 Appointed, Archbishop of Granada)
Diego Ribera de Toledo (22 Dec 1507 – 29 Oct 1511 Appointed, Bishop of Segovia)
Rodrigo Sánchez Mercado (29 Oct 1511 – 12 Jan 1530 Appointed, Bishop of Ávila)
Agostino de Grimaldis (1530–1532)
. . .
Juan Bautista Campeggio (30 May 1539 – 4 Nov 1558 Resigned)
Diego Arnedo (19 Sep 1561 – 17 Oct 1572 Appointed, Bishop of Huesca)
Juan Vich Manrique de Lara (31 Jul 1573 – 10 May 1604 Appointed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
Alfonso Laso Sedeño (1 Dec 1604 – 21 Aug 1607 Died)
Simón Vicente Bauzá, O.P. (7 Jan 1608 – 5 Dec 1625 Died)
Félix Guzmán (21 May 1625 – 5 Jun 1625 Died)
Baltasar Borja (15 Sep 1625 – 11 Jul 1630 Died)
Juan de Santander, O.F.M. (10 Feb 1631 – 24 Jan 1644 Died)
Tomás Rocamora, O.P. (14 Nov 1644 – 15 Nov 1653 Died)
Miguel Pérez de Nueros (14 May 1655 – 12 Feb 1656 Died)
Diego Escolano y Ledesma (26 Jun 1656 – 19 Jul 1660 Appointed, Bishop of Tarazona)
Pedro-Fernando Manjarrés de Heredia (6 Dec 1660 – 26 Dec 1670 Died)
Bernardo Luis Cotoner (28 Sep 1671 – 18 Jan 1684 Died)
Pedro de Alagón y de Cardona (2 Oct 1684 – 3 May 1701 Died)
Francisco Antonio de la Portilla, O.F.M. (12 May 1702 – 7 Jun 1711 Died)
Atanasio Esterriga Trajanáuregui (1 Jun 1712 – 5 Jul 1721 Died)
Juan Fernández Zapata (1 Jun 1722 – 3 Aug 1729 Confirmed, Bishop of León)
Benito Pañelles Escardó, O.S.B. (24 Jul 1730 – 26 Nov 1743 Died)
José Cepeda (13 Jul 1744 – 17 Jan 1750 Died)
Lorenzo Despuig Cotoner (27 Apr 1750 – 18 Jul 1763 Appointed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
Francisco Garrido de la Vega (18 Jul 1763 – 30 Mar 1772 Appointed, Bishop of Córdoba)
Juan Díaz de La Guerra (22 Jun 1772 – 23 Jun 1777 Appointed, Bishop of Sigüenza)
Pedro Rubio-Benedicto Herrero (30 Mar 1778 – 21 Feb 1794 Appointed, Bishop of Jaén)
Bernardo Nadal Crespí (12 Sep 1794 – 12 Dec 1818 Died)
Pedro González Vallejo (27 Sep 1819 – 25 Jun 1825 Resigned)
Antonio Pérez de Hirias (27 Jun 1825 – 18 Dec 1842 Died)
Rafael Manso (17 Dec 1847 – 17 Feb 1851 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Miguel Salvá y Munar (5 Sep 1851 – 4 Nov 1873 Died)
Mateo Jaume y Garau (17 Sep 1875 – 19 Feb 1886 Died)
Jacinto María Cervera y Cervera (10 Jun 1886 – 14 Nov 1897 Died)
Pedro Juan Campins y Barceló (4 May 1898 – 23 Feb 1915 Died)
Rigoberto Domenech y Valls (5 May 1916 – 16 Dec 1924 Appointed, Archbishop of Zaragoza)
Gabriel Llompart y Jaume Santandreu (30 Apr 1925 – 9 Dec 1928 Died)
José Miralles y Sbert (13 Mar 1930 – 23 Dec 1947 Died)
Juan Hervás y Benet (22 Dec 1947 – 14 Mar 1955 Appointed, Prelate of Ciudad Real)
Jesús Enciso Viana (30 May 1955 – 21 Sep 1964 Died)
Rafael Alvarez Lara (10 Mar 1965 – 13 Apr 1973 Resigned)
Teodoro Ubeda Gramage (13 Apr 1973 – 18 May 2003 Died)
Jesús Murgui Soriano (27 Dec 2003 – 27 Jul 2012 Appointed, Bishop of Orihuela-Alicante)
Javier Salinas Viñals (16 Nov 2012 – 8 Sep 2016); named Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia, in Valencia, Spain, by Pope Francis; Auxiliary Bishop Sebastià Taltavull Anglada of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona, in Barcelona, Spain, was named Apostolic Administrator

See also
Roman Catholicism in Spain

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Dioceses established in the 5th century
Religious organizations established in the 1230s
Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 13th century


Galen B. Rathbun (June 24, 1944 – April 13, 2019) was a behavioral ecologist, noted as the co-discover of new species of elephant shrew.

In 1964, Rathbun received an Associate of Arts degree in zoology from College of San Mateo, in San Mateo, California. He received his B. A. degree from Humboldt State University (California) in 1966. After receiving his Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Nairobi in Kenya in 1976, he completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Zoo in Washington D.C. He is the author of over 130 technical publications.

From 1967 to 1970 he taught secondary school and at the National Museum in Kenya with the Peace Corps.

Rathbun and Francesco Rovero of the Museum of Natural Sciences in Trento, Italy, published their findings regarding a new species of mammal in the February issue of the British Journal of Zoology.

More recently Rathbun and colleagues have described a new sengi from Namibia, and revised the taxonomy of other taxa.

References

External links

 "Galen Rathbun"
 "Quotes of the Day". Time. February 1, 2008.

1944 births
California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt alumni
University of Nairobi alumni
21st-century American zoologists
2019 deaths


In traditional Arabic music, maqam (, literally "rank";   ) is the system of melodic modes, which is mainly melodic. The word maqam in Arabic means place, location or position. The Arabic maqam is a melody type. It is "a technique of improvisation" that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and is "unique to Arabian art music". There are 72 heptatonic tone rows or scales of maqamat. These are constructed from augmented, major, neutral, and minor seconds. Each maqam is built on a scale, and carries a tradition that defines its habitual phrases, important notes, melodic development and modulation. Both compositions and improvisations in traditional Arabic music are based on the maqam system. Maqamat can be realized with either vocal or instrumental music, and do not include a rhythmic component.

An essential factor in performance is that each maqam describes the "tonal-spatial factor" or set of musical notes and the relationships between them, including traditional patterns and development of melody, while the "rhythmic-temporal component" is "subjected to no definite organization". A maqam does not have an "established, regularly recurring bar scheme nor an unchanging meter. A certain rhythm does sometimes identify the style of a performer, but this is dependent upon their performance technique and is never characteristic of the maqam as such." The compositional or rather precompositional aspect of the maqam is the tonal-spatial organization, including the number of tone levels, and the improvisational aspect is the construction of the rhythmic-temporal scheme.

Background
The designation maqam appeared for the first time in the treatises written in the fourteenth century by al-Sheikh al-Safadi and Abdulqadir al-Maraghi, and has since been used as a technical term in Arabic music. The maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Near East and Central Asia. Three main musical cultures belong to the maqam modal family: Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.

Tuning system
The notes of a maqam are not always tuned in equal temperament, meaning that the frequency ratios of successive pitches are not necessarily identical. A maqam also determines other things, such as the tonic (starting note), the ending note, and the dominant note. It also determines which notes should be emphasized and which should not.

Arabic maqamat are based on a musical scale of 7 notes that repeats at the octave. Some maqamat have 2 or more alternative scales (e.g. Rast, Nahawand and Hijaz). Maqam scales in traditional Arabic music are microtonal, not based on a twelve-tone equal-tempered musical tuning system, as is the case in modern Western music. Most maqam scales include a perfect fifth or a perfect fourth (or both), and all octaves are perfect. The remaining notes in a maqam scale may or may not exactly land on semitones. For this reason maqam scales are mostly taught orally, and by extensive listening to the traditional Arabic music repertoire.

Notation
Since accurately notating every possible microtonal interval is impractical, a simplified musical notation system was adopted in Arabic music at the turn of the 20th century. Starting with a chromatic scale, the octave is divided into 24 equal steps (24 equal temperament), where a quarter tone equals one-half of a semitone in a 12 tone equally-tempered scale. In this notation system all notes in a maqam are rounded to the nearest quarter tone.

This system of notation is not exact since it eliminates many details, but is very practical because it allows maqamat to be notated using standard Western notation. Quarter tones can be notated using half-flats ( or ) or half-sharps (). When transcribed with this notation system some maqam scales happen to include quarter tones, while others don't.

In practice, maqamat are not performed in all chromatic keys, and are more rigid to transpose than scales in Western music, primarily because of the technical limitations of Arabic instruments. For this reason, half-sharps rarely occur in maqam scales, and the most used half-flats are E, B and less frequently A.

Intonation
The 24-tone system is entirely a notational convention and does not affect the actual precise intonation of the notes performed. Practicing Arab musicians, while using the nomenclature of the 24-tone system (half-flats and half-sharps), often still perform the finer microtonal details which have been passed down through oral tradition to this day.

Maqamat that do not include quarter tones (e.g. Nahawand, ‘Ajam) can be performed on equal-tempered instruments such as the piano, however such instruments cannot faithfully reproduce the microtonal details of the maqam scale. Maqamat can be faithfully performed either on fretless instruments (e.g. the oud or the violin), or on instruments that allow a sufficient degree of tunability and microtonal control (e.g. the nay, the qanun, or the clarinet). On fretted instruments with steel strings, microtonal control can be achieved by string bending, as when playing blues.

The exact intonation of every maqam changes with the historical period, as well as the geographical region (as is the case with linguistic accents, for example). For this reason, and because it is not common to notate precisely and accurately microtonal variations from a twelve-tone equal tempered scale, maqamat are mostly learned auditorally in practice.

Phases and central tones
Each passage consists of one or more phases that are sections "played on one tone or within one tonal area," and may take from seven to forty seconds to articulate. For example, a tone level centered on g:

The tonal levels, or axial pitches, begin in the lower register and gradually rise to the highest at the climax before descending again, for example (in European-influenced notation):

"When all possibilities of the musical structuring of such a tone level have been fully explored, the phase is complete."

Nucleus
The central tones of a maqam are created from two different intervals. The eleven central tones of the maqam used in the phase sequence example above may be reduced to three, which make up the "nucleus" of the maqam:

The tone rows of maqamat may be identical, such as maqam bayati and maqam 'ushshaq turki:

but be distinguished by different nuclei. Bayati is shown in the example above, while 'ushshaq turki is:

Ajnas

Maqamat are made up of smaller sets of consecutive notes that have a very recognizable melody and convey a distinctive mood. Such a set is called jins (; pl. ajnās ), meaning "gender" or "kind". In most cases, a jins is made up of four consecutive notes (tetrachord), although ajnas of three consecutive notes (trichord) or five consecutive notes (pentachord) also exist.

Ajnas are the building blocks of a maqam. A maqam scale has a lower (or first) jins and an upper (or second) jins. In most cases maqams are classified into families or branches based on their lower jins. The upper jins may start on the ending note of the lower jins or on the note following that. In some cases the upper and lower ajnas may overlap. The starting note of the upper jins is called the dominant, and is the second most important note in that scale after the tonic. Maqam scales often include secondary ajnas that start on notes other than the tonic or the dominant. Secondary ajnas are highlighted in the course of modulation.

References on Arabic music theory often differ on the classification of ajnas. There is no consensus on a definitive list of all ajnas, their names or their sizes. However the majority of references agree on the basic 9 ajnas, which also make up the main 9 maqam families. The following is the list of the basic 9 ajnas notated with Western standard notation (all notes are rounded to the nearest quarter tone):

(for more detail see Arabic Maqam Ajnas)

Maqam families

‘Ajam – Also The Major Scale ‘Ajam (), Jiharkah (), Shawq Afza ( or ), Ajam Ushayran ()
Bayati – Bayatayn (), Bayati (), Bayati Shuri (), Husayni (), Nahfat (), Huseini Ushayran (),
Hijaz – Also The Phrygian Dominant Scale Hijaz (), Hijaz Kar (), Shad ‘Araban (), Shahnaz (), Suzidil (), Zanjaran (), Hijazain ()
Kurd – Also the Phrygian Scale Kurd (), Hijaz Kar Kurd (), Lami ()
Nahawand – Also the Minor Scale Farahfaza (), Nahawand (), Nahawand Murassah ( or ), ‘Ushaq Masri (), Sultani Yakah ()
Nawa Athar – Athar Kurd (), Nawa Athar ( or ), Nikriz (), Hisar ()
Rast – Mahur (), Nairuz (), Rast (), Suznak (), Yakah ()
Saba – Saba (), Saba Zamzam ()
Sikah – Bastah Nikar (), Huzam (), ‘Iraq (), Musta‘ar (), Rahat al-Arwah () (spelled Rahatol Arwah), Sikah (), Sikah Baladi ()

Emotional content
It is sometimes said that each maqam evokes a specific emotion or set of emotions determined by the tone row and the nucleus, with different maqams sharing the same tone row but differing in nucleus and thus emotion. Maqam Rast is said to evoke pride, power, and soundness of mind. Maqam Bayati: vitality, joy, and femininity. Sikah: love. Saba: sadness and pain. Hijaz: distant desert.

In an experiment where maqam Saba was played to an equal number of Arabs and non-Arabs who were asked to record their emotions in concentric circles with the weakest emotions in the outer circles, Arab subjects reported experiencing Saba as "sad", "tragic", and "lamenting", while only 48 percent of the non-Arabs described it thus with 28 percent of non-Arabs describing feelings such as "seriousness", "longing", and tension", and 6 percent experienced feelings such as "happy", "active", and "very lively" and 10 percent identified no feelings.

These emotions are said to be evoked in part through change in the size of an interval during a maqam presentation. Maqam Saba, for example, contains in its first four notes, D, E, F, and G, two medium seconds one larger (160 cents) and one smaller (140 cents) than a three quarter tone, and a minor second (95 cents). Further, E and G may vary slightly, said to cause a "sad" or "sensitive" mood.

Generally speaking, each maqam is said to evoke a different emotion in the listener. At a more basic level, each jins is claimed to convey a different mood or color. For this reason maqams of the same family are said to share a common mood since they start with the same jins. There is no consensus on exactly what the mood of each maqam or jins is. Some references describe maqam moods using very vague and subjective terminology (e.g. maqams evoking 'love', 'femininity', 'pride' or 'distant desert'). However, there has not been any serious research using scientific methodology on a diverse sample of listeners (whether Arab or non-Arab) proving that they feel the same emotion when hearing the same maqam.

Attempting the same exercise in more recent tonal classical music would mean relating a mood to the major and minor modes. In that case there is some consensus that the minor scale is "sadder" and the major scale is "happier".

Modulation
Modulation is a technique used during the melodic development of a maqam. In simple terms it means changing from one maqam to another (compatible or closely related) maqam. This involves using a new musical scale. A long musical piece can modulate over many maqamat but usually ends with the starting maqam (in rare cases the purpose of the modulation is to actually end with a new maqam). A more subtle form of modulation within the same maqam is to shift the emphasis from one jins to another so as to imply a new maqam.

Modulation adds a lot of interest to the music, and is present in almost every maqam-based melody. Modulations that are pleasing to the ear are created by adhering to compatible combinations of ajnas and maqamat long established in traditional Arabic music. Although such combinations are often documented in musical references, most experienced musicians learn them by extensive listening.

Influence around the world
During the Islamic golden age this system influenced musical systems in various places. Some notable examples of this are the influence it had in the Iberian peninsula while under Muslim rule of Al-Andalus. Sephardic Jewish liturgy also follows the maqam system. The weekly maqam is chosen by the cantor based on the emotional state of the congregation or the weekly Torah reading. This variation is called the Weekly Maqam.  There is also a notable influence of the Arabic maqam on The Music of Sicily.

See also
Mujawwad
Ali Merdan
The Iraqi Maqam
Melisma
Pizmonim
The Weekly Maqam
Taqsim
Raga
Harmonic minor

References

Sources

Further reading
el-Mahdi, Salah (1972). La musique arabe : structures, historique, organologie. Paris, France: Alphonse Leduc, Editions Musicales. .
Lagrange, Frédéric (1996). Musiques d'Égypte. Cité de la musique / Actes Sud. .

Racy, Ali Jihad (2003). Making Music in the Arab World: The Culture and Artistry of Ṭarab. Publisher: Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. .

External links
Maqam World
Maqam World: What is a Maqam?
Arab Maqamat
Sephardic Pizmonim Project – Jewish use of Maqamat
 Historical audio examples from different maqams, Arabic.

Chazzanut Sephardic Yerushalmi, Rabbi Hagay Batzri

Arabic music
Persian music
Modes (music)
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Maqam-based music tradition
Arabic music theory


Hammerin Hank is a sporting nickname which may refer to:

Hank Aaron, former American Major League Baseball Hall of Fame right fielder
Hank Greenberg, former American Major League Baseball Hall of Fame first baseman
Henry Armstrong, former American professional boxer


John W. Boyer (born October 17, 1946, in Chicago) is an American historian and academic administrator. He is Senior Advisor to the President and the Martin A. Ryerson Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago. He served as Dean of the College from 1992 until 2023, making him the longest-tenured dean in the College's history.

Teaching and research
Boyer was born in Chicago, Illinois. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968 from Loyola University Chicago. He went on to earn a Master of Arts in 1969 and Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Chicago. His field specialties include: Nineteenth- and twentieth-century European political and cultural history, Germany from 1740 to 1918, the Habsburg monarchy between 1648 and 1918, religion and politics in modern European history, and history of the universities.

He has been a co-editor of The Journal of Modern History since 1980, alongside Jan E. Goldstein.  Boyer has received accolades from the Austrian government for his scholarly dedication: in 2004, he was awarded the Cross of Honor for Science and Art, First Class, in recognition of his work on the history of the Habsburg Empire; in 2006, he received the Austrian State Prize for Modern History.

Administrative career

In addition to his teaching and research, Boyer has held a number of administrative positions at the University of Chicago. He has been the Chairman of the Council on Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences since 1986 and the Dean of the college since 1992,  the longest tenure of anyone in that position.  In 1992–93, he also served as Acting Dean of the Social Sciences Division.  Prior to that, he was the Master of the Social Sciences Collegiate Division and Deputy Dean of the Social Sciences Division from 1987 to 1992.  Some of his notable accomplishments include strengthening alumni relations, increasing funding for faculty chairs and student scholarship funds, and increasing the diversity of each successive class. He has also worked to get well-known scholars to teach undergraduate courses. In 1993, that rate was 41% of tenured associate or full professors. He noted that professors who teach in the Core received an additional $1,500 in 2006, adding that "it's really pretty small."

Boyer has focused on the development of study abroad programs.  He was deeply involved with the establishment of the University of Chicago Center in Paris, as well as many other programs and internships.  As a result, study abroad rates have tripled since 1992.

On March 15, 2017, Boyer was reappointed to an unprecedented 6th term as the Dean of the college at the University of Chicago.

In June 2023, Boyer left his role as dean of the undergraduate college to begin a new role as Senior Advisor to the President.

Selected publications

Boyer, John W. (2022).  Austria, 1867-1955. (Oxford History of Modern Europe) Oxford University Press,
Boyer, John W. (2006). Broad and Christian in the Fullest Sense": William Rainey Harper and the University of Chicago. Volume 15 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (2005). The "Persistence to Keep Everlastingly At It": Fund-Raising and Philanthropy at Chicago in the Twentieth Century. Volume 13 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (2004). Judson's War and Hutchins's Peace: The University of Chicago and War in the Twentieth Century. Volume 12 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (2003). Academic Freedom and The Modern University. The Experience of the University of Chicago. Volume 10 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (2002). The Organization of the College and the Divisions in the 1920s and 1930s. Volume 8 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (2001). Building for a Long Future. The Role of the Trustees in the Early University. Volume 6 of Occasional papers on higher education. University of Chicago Press.
Boyer, John W. (1995).  Culture and political crisis in Vienna: Christian socialism in power, 1897-1918. University of Chicago Press,
Boyer, John W. (1995). Political radicalism in late imperial Vienna: Origins of the Christian Social movement, 1848-1897. University of Chicago Press,
Geyer, Michael; Boyer, John W. (1995). Resistance against the Third Reich, 1933-1990. University of Chicago Press,
Boyer, John W.; Goldstein, Jan (1988). Nineteenth-century Europe: liberalism and its critics. University of Chicago Press,
Boyer, John W.; Kirshner, Julius (1987). The Old regime and the French Revolution. University of Chicago Press,

References

External links
 John W. Boyer faculty page via University of Chicago
 John W. Boyer Dean's page via University of Chicago
 University of Chicago College
 Journal of Modern History board
 Prof. Dr. John W. Boyer via Austrian Academy of Sciences

1946 births
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Writers from Chicago
University of Chicago faculty
Living people
Historians from Illinois
American male non-fiction writers


Alex Ross (born 1970) is an American comic book painter, illustrator and plotter.

Alex Ross may also refer to:

Alex Ross (American football) (born 1992), American football quarterback for the San Diego Fleet
Alex Ross (cricketer) (born 1992), Australian cricketer
Alex Ross (music critic) (born 1968), American music critic
Alex Ross (politician) (1880–1953), stonemason, politician and cabinet minister from Alberta, Canada
Alex Ross (rower) (1907–1994), New Zealand rower
Alex Ross (rugby union) (1905–1996), Australian rugby union footballer

See also
Alexander Ross (disambiguation)
Alec Ross (disambiguation)


The West Elks AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Delta County, Colorado in and around the towns of Cedaredge, Hotchkiss and Paonia.  It is one of two AVA's in the state.  Some of the highest altitude vineyards in the northern hemisphere are planted within the AVA.  Located within the North Fork Valley of the  Rocky Mountains in west central Colorado, vineyards in the AVA range from  above sea level.  The surrounding mountains limit access to the area, resulting in a far more secluded wine industry when compared to its nearby neighbor to the northwest, the Grand Valley AVA.

There are around a dozen wineries/vineyards in the West Elks.

References

External links
 Colorado Wine
  TTB AVA Map

American Viticultural Areas
Colorado wine
Geography of Delta County, Colorado
2001 establishments in Colorado


Fashion is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed and co-produced by Madhur Bhandarkar starring Priyanka Chopra, Kangana Ranaut and Mugdha Godse in lead roles, and Arjan Bajwa, Samir Soni and Arbaaz Khan in supporting roles. The film's screenplay was co-written by Ajay Monga, Bhandarkar and Anuraadha Tewari and principal photography occurred in Mumbai and Chandigarh. Its music was composed by Salim–Sulaiman and the songs' lyrics were written by Irfan Siddiqui and Sandeep Nath. Development of the film began in 2006 with a budget of .

The story revolves around Meghna Mathur, an aspiring fashion model; it follows her transformation from small-town girl to supermodel, the Indian fashion industry and the careers of several other models. Fashion also explores feminism and female power in Indian fashion. The cast also features several professional fashion models playing themselves. The film was a turning point in Chopra's career after several consecutive flops prior to this film.

Fashion released on 29 October 2008 to highly positive reviews, with praise for its direction, screenplay, cinematography, soundtrack and performances of the cast, with major praise directed towards Chopra's and Ranaut's performances. In its theatrical run the film performed moderately well grossing  globally.

At the 56th National Film Awards, Fashion won 2 awards – Best Actress (Chopra) and Best Supporting Actress (Ranaut). At the 54th Filmfare Awards, the film received 7 nominations including Best Director (Bhandarkar) and Best Female Debut (Godse), and won 2 awards –  Best Actress (Chopra) and Best Supporting Actress (Ranaut). Since its release, The Times of India and Zee News listed Fashion as one of the best women-centric films in Bollywood.

Plot

Aspiring model Meghna Mathur (Priyanka Chopra Jonas) wants to go to Mumbai and become a supermodel. Against her father's wishes who wants her to become a Chartered Accountant, Meghna leaves her home to find success in the modelling world. Meghna meets an old acquaintance, Rohit (Ashwin Mushran)—an aspiring designer who assists Vinay Khosla (Harsh Chhaya). Meghna experiences difficulties during her early days; she auditions several times and is rejected. Meghna meets and befriends another struggling model, Manav (Arjan Bajwa).

At Rahul Arora's (Samir Soni) fashion show, Meghna meets supermodel Shonali Gujral (Kangana Ranaut) and is ridiculed by the show's choreographer, Christine, and told to have her portfolio photographed by Kartik (Rohit Roy). To afford Kartik's fees, Meghna shoots a lingerie advertisement; she is mentored by another aspiring model, Janet (Mugdha Godse). Meghna's lingerie photos appear on the cover of a magazine; her relatives in Mumbai see the cover and ask her to leave the house. She moves into an apartment with Manav. Meghna is noticed by Anisha Roy (Kitu Gidwani), an executive at Panache, a major modeling agency. Anisha introduces her to her superior, Abhijit Sarin (Arbaaz Khan), who is impressed by Meghna's ambition and confidence. Panache's top model is Shonali, but her drug abuse becomes problematic. Abhijit includes Meghna in a fashion show organized by Vinay Khosla, but is replaced after a misunderstanding. Abhijit consoles her, and decides to replace Shonali with Meghna as Panache's new top model.

Meghna becomes an overnight success, ends her relationship with Manav and begins an affair with Abhijit. Meanwhile, Janet goes to work for designer Rahul Arora. Rahul's mother becomes increasingly concerned about his sexual orientation so he asks Janet to marry him. Shonali's drug abuse worsens and she attends a rehabilitation clinic. Meghna pays the price of her increasing fame by losing her close friends due to her changed attitude towards them. She becomes pregnant with Abhijit's child, and reluctantly has an abortion due to conditions in her contract. After realizing that she was deceived in her relationship, Meghna tells Abhijit's wife about their relationship, and Abhijit ends Meghna's contract with Panache. Upset at the turn of events, Meghna descends into alcoholism; at a rave party she uses cocaine and unwittingly has a one-night stand. When sober, she feels guilty and returns to her parents in Chandigarh.

Broken and depressed, Meghna lives in Chandigarh for over a year. Her father encourages her to return to Mumbai; Meghna rekindles her friendship with Janet and models for Rohit's show, where she freezes on the ramp after seeing the lights and cameras. She visits Manav (now an established model) to apologize and learns that he is engaged. Shonali appears on television as a mentally ill, homeless alcoholic; Meghna takes her in and tries to rehabilitate her. Meghna accepts an offer from Rahul to be the star model of his show, but a day before the show Shonali vanishes. Just before Meghna walks the ramp, she receives a call from the police telling her that Shonali is dead from a drug overdose. Meghna freezes; overcoming her grief, she walks the ramp, reviving her career and restoring her self-confidence. Meghna gives up drinking and smoking, and as the film closes she walks the ramp in Paris.

Cast

 Priyanka Chopra as Meghna Mathur, a small-town girl who becomes a successful model.
 Kangana Ranaut as Shonali Gujral, a successful model who experiences a downfall.
 Mugdha Godse as Janet Sequeira, a model, Meghna's best friend and ace designer.
 Arjan Bajwa as Manav Bhasin, a struggling model who eventually becomes an established model.
 Samir Soni as Rahul Arora, a designer, Janet's best friend and later on husband and biggest supporter and well wisher of Meghana.
 Arbaaz Khan as Abhijit "Abhi" Sarin, a fashion tycoon, head of Panache and considered as "Big daddy" of fashion industry.
 Kitu Gidwani as Anisha Roy, head of modelling agency Profiles and MD of Panache.
 Suchitra Pillai-Malik as Avantika Sarin, wife of Abhijit Sarin.
 Rohit Roy as Kartik Suri, a photographer.
 Raj Babbar as Mr. Shobhit Mathur, Meghna's father.
 Kiran Juneja as Mrs. Hrishitaa Mathur, Meghna's mother.
 Harsh Chhaya as Vinay Khosla.
 Ashwin Mushran as Rohit Khanna, an aspiring designer, whom introduces Meghna in fashion industry, Meghna's friend and mentor.
 Chitrashi Rawat as Shomu.
 Manini Mishra as Sheena Bajaj.
 Konkona Sen Sharma (cameo) as herself
 Ranvir Shorey (cameo) as himself
 Wendell Rodricks (cameo) as himself
 Manish Malhotra (cameo) himself
 Karan Johar (cameo) as himself
 Madhur Bhandarkar (cameo) as himself
 Diandra Soares (cameo) as herself
 Pooja Chopra (cameo) as herself
 Kanishtha Dhankhar (cameo) as herself
 Sucheta Sharma (cameo) as herself
 Alesia Raut (cameo) as herself
 Noyonika Chatterjee (cameo) as herself
 Hemangi Parte (cameo) as herself
 Kavita Khadayat (cameo) as herself
 Daman Chaudhary (cameo) as Makeup Artist
 Usha Bachani as Sheetal
 Rakshanda Khan (cameo) as a reporter
 Rohit Verma as Viren (special appearance)
 Atul Kasbekar (Cameo) as a photographer
 Sheena Bajaj as Meghna's cousin (child artist)

Production

Development
In a 2006 interview with CNN-IBN, Madhur Bhandarkar said that he was preparing to make a film about the fashion industry; he thought the lack of Indian films on this subject prompted him to do so. He said he was fascinated with the industry, the models and their lives outside the ramp walks, saying "I was amazed at the overwhelming attention given to the fashion industry by the media and the public. I thought the idea of delving deep into the fashion world was very interesting and intriguing." He was excited about depicting the people behind the ramp because most people are unfamiliar with the fashion world.

Bhandarkar, who is known for studying his subject matter to make his films as realistic as possible, researched the fashion industry for nearly eight months, attending fashion events and shows. He spoke with designers, buyers, choreographers and models. Several media publications reported that the film was inspired by the lives of fashion models such as Shivani Kapur, Geetanjali Nagpal, Kate Moss and Alicia Raut; however, Bhandarkar stated that the story is fictional and does not resemble anyone's life. The media also reported that the film revolved around two homosexual fashion designers; Bhandarkar denied these rumours, saying the film did not revolve around male characters but had female protagonists.

Casting & Characters

Casting began in October 2007, when Priyanka Chopra signed to play the lead role in the film. Chopra initially refused the role, feeling she would not be able to do it justice. 6 months later, she agreed to appear in the film because of Bhandarkar's confidence in her. The media reported that Chopra was unhappy with the first draft of the film and wanted script changes before signing the film. Bhandarkar was also unhappy with the first draft and agreed to rewrite the script. Kangana Ranaut was cast as the film's second lead; she was pleased with the script and found it challenging, interesting and exciting. In December 2007, Arbaaz Khan and Arjan Bajwa were cast opposite Chopra. After confirming the principal cast, the media reported that Bhandarkar was having difficulty casting the male roles, including that of a homosexual clothing designer. Samir Soni and Harsh Chhaya were cast as the homosexual designers, and model Mugdha Godse was cast in a parallel lead role alongside Chopra and Ranaut. According to Godse, Bhandarkar offered her a part when they were shooting a jewellery advertisement; a year later, she agreed to appear in the film. The Hindustan Times said that several models and designers played themselves, giving the film the appearance of a documentary.

Chopra said she studied method acting to make her character seem real. The actress said that her character is determined and added, "While her father wants her to become an accountant she aspires to become the leading model in fashion industry". Addressing rumors that the film was an exposé of the fashion industry, she said, "It is nothing like that. Whatever problems that come up to my character in the film are not because of the profession but because of the choices that my character makes in her life". Ranaut said, "In this script my character is such that you get to express you emotions, emotions that you have never delivered before in front of the camera. So when I heard the script, it was something new and much more challenging, more interesting and exciting." Godse said that she accepted her role in the film because she identified with her character, Janet Sequira, whom she described as "outgoing, vibrant, bold and outspoken". Arjan Bajwa described his character, an aspiring fashion model, as uncompromising, achieving success in his own way. Samir Soni found his role as a closeted fashion designer very challenging, requiring research to flesh out the character and his personality. Soni's greatest challenge was to avoid a stereotypical homosexual character, instead subtly expressing his sexuality in his personality and relationships with the film's other characters.

Styling
Rita Dhody and Narendra Kumar were chosen to style the film's characters. Dhody said it took nearly two months for UTV and Bhandarkar to persuade her to help design the film; she found the job challenging because she had to make everything as authentic as possible. Chopra had to wear 137 costumes in the film because her character passed through five phases. Initially, she was a "hep" character with brightly colored, matching attire. Her make-up becomes lighter as she becomes a model and later a supermodel. When her career falters, Chopra's look becomes softer, demonstrating her character's lack of concern about her appearance before she returns to Mumbai. According to Dhody, Chopra's look is "very contemporary and a very much today's look, but my idea was to streamline and take it to the classic side [rather] than making it trend-based".

Ranaut's character was designed to make audiences feel sympathy for her. Dhody gave her short dresses with low necklines, conveying the image of a supermodel comfortable with her body; during her low phase, she is shown in long T-shirts.

Godse, whose character is a failed model, has a carefree look. Dhody said, "Godse's look in the film is a fusion of rock and a grunge to give her the survivor look as a B-grade model, making her more chic and glamorous." She wears low-waisted trousers, chains and ankle boots. Details of jewellery, clothes, color and accessories outline the characters; everything had to be synchronized and complement each other to create an authentic look. Dhody said, "We didn't try to sensationalize it by making it more bling- or costume-based. I had to restrain myself from going overboard due to Bhandarkar's reservations". The film's narrative included 11 character-based ramp shows.

Filming
Principal photography commenced in December 2007, and the film was shot extensively in Mumbai. The scene with Ranaut's wardrobe malfunction during a ramp walk was filmed in late January 2008 at Mehboob Studios, Bandra. While filming the scene, only essential cast and crew members—included Bhandarkar and his cinematographer—were present; according to Bhandarkar, it was a sensitive scene and a sensitive issue. Chopra had to gain  as a girl from the Punjab, and then lose it as a model; she had five "looks" in the film, connoting the phases through which her character passes. Although the media spread rumours that Chopra was starving herself to reduce her weight to that of a supermodel, she said that her appearance was achieved with two months of training and a disciplined diet. The film's climactic scene in which Chopra walks the ramp at Paris Fashion Week was supposed to be filmed in Paris, with the Eiffel Tower as a backdrop, but Bhandarkar could not shoot there. Instead, the scene uses some footage from the actual fashion show. In mid-August 2008, key scenes with Chopra, Raj Babbar and Kiran Juneja—Chopra's character's parents—were filmed in Chandigarh for authenticity; Bhandarkar said, "we wanted to bring the essence of the city alive in the scenes". The director said the film took about 106 days to complete, compared with his 45-day average.

Themes and influences

Fashion is Bhandarkar's fourth women-centric film after Chandni Bar (2001), Page 3 (2005) and Corporate (2006) to earn widespread praise for their strong, independent female characters. According to The Times of India, Fashion "is not about cliches alone and manages to transcend them with its moving tale of three women who try to maintain their honor, dignity, [and] identity in a cruel world that spills over with grime behind the glamour. The film not only takes you behind the psychedelic ramp, it travels through the dark inner recesses of the three lead characters, laying bare their strengths and weaknesses; their fears and hopes; their dreams and nightmares". Ananya Bhattacharya of Zee News said that the film "went on to speak volumes about women, their aspirations and the dark side-effects of over-ambition". In an interview with the Hindustan Times, Chopra said that the film is "an emotional tale and the story of three girls ... [which] shows female bonding in a beautiful way ... ".

Reviewer Kriti Verma of Headlines India said that the movie "shows every bit about the life of models and bring the inside secrets of [the] fashion industry. It has everything—fashion weeks, casting couch, drugs, abuses, gay designers, bitching." Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama wrote, "the narrative is inevitably filled with lots of glam-n-glitz moments. The fashion shows, the stunning models, the superb styling, the vibrant colors and the behind the scenes drama is worth every penny spent on the ticket." A reviewer from Sify.com found the film's depiction of fashion industry "superficial"; noting that the film does not talk about the clothing, the creativity, or the passion for work in the fashion industry. However, according to Bhandarkar the film was "not about [the] fashion industry as such. It only has fashion as a backdrop. The film is more about the story of models, designers and people. And it is on aspects like the personal story, the individual story, their ups and downs, their journey that I tried to capture." Critics also said that the film explores drug abuse, homosexuality and gay relationships. Designer Vineet Bahl complained about the male characters, most of whom are portrayed as "gay designers and exploitative agency owners". He said, "Bhandarkar could have done without gross generalizations. It makes the movie shallow and over-dramatic".

The film alludes several times to actual incidents, including a scene where Bhandarkar appears at a fashion show to research his upcoming film on the fashion industry. One of the models looking at him says, "Oh that's Madhur Bhandarkar, the realistic filmmaker. Now he is going to expose the fashion world." It is taken from the Bhandarkar's experiences while researching the subjects of his films. The Indian Express said that Chopra's character, who indulges in drug and alcohol abuse and undergoes rehabilitation, resembles the life of British-educated model Shivani Kapur, who had similar experiences. The scene in which Ranaut's character's top slips off during a ramp walk resembles the experience of Carol Gracias at the 2006 Lakme Fashion Week.

Soundtrack

The Fashion soundtrack album was composed by Salim–Sulaiman and the lyrics were written by Irfan Siddiqui. Sandeep Nath appeared as a guest lyricist for "Fashion Ka Jalwa". The soundtrack contains 4 original songs, 1 theme and 5 remixes. The music was released by Bhandarkar and the cast on 25 September 2008 at the Siddhivinayak Temple in Mumbai. The cast played the film's title song, offering their first CD to Lord Ganesha.

Fashions soundtrack received positive reviews from critics. Hindustan Times rated the album 3.5 out of 5 and said, "It's very hard to find anything wrong with the album. Salim-Suleiman have done a wonderful job as composers and have brought out the essence of the movie in a remarkable way. Irfan has come out with great lyrics and every singer has given his or her best shot". Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama described the album as "a winner all the way", and said, "Madhur Bhandarkar films haven't been known for their music, even though the albums of Page 3 and Corporate still saw some sales on the stands. However, Fashion is all set to break the jinx while turning out to be the first Madhur Bhandarkar film ever to boast of a truly mass as well as class appealing score". Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com rated the album 3.5 out of 5, and said that the film offers a well-designed mix of trendy tunes and refined melodies.

Marketing and release
The film's trailer was unveiled on 17 July 2008 in Mumbai and was received warmly by critics and audiences. Emphasizing its theme, the lead female cast walked the ramp at fashion shows to promote the film. Fashion was also promoted at the Lakme Fashion Week, where Chopra, Ranaut and Godse walked the ramp. Made on a budget of , Fashion earned , and before release recouped half its cost from tie-ins with brands including Reebok, Lenovo, Sunsilk and LG Electronics. Products from these brands were showcased in the film and the brands promoted the film in their advertising.

Bhandarkar expressed disappointment about the Censor Board for Film Certification's decision to grant the film an "A" certificate—meant for viewers 18 years or older—instead of the "U/A" certificate that he had expected. His previous films received U/A certification despite adult content. According to them, their new guidelines did not allow Fashion a U/A certification. The board was willing to issue a U/A certificate after several cuts; Bhandarkar refused and accepted the A certificate since the scenes in question were crucial to the narrative. Before its release, the Delhi Commission for Women (DCW) asked Bhandarkar to screen the film before its release due to its concern that Ranaut's character was based on Geetanjali Nagpal—a former high-profile fashion model found begging, bedraggled and mentally unbalanced on the streets of Delhi in 2007. Nagpal was helped by the DCW, which did not want anyone profiting from her life. Bhandarkar narrated a summary of the film's plot at the DCW office, which satisfied the commission that there was no reference to Nagpal. A screening of the film was also held for the commission.

The film was originally scheduled for release on 14 November 2008, but that would've caused a box office with Chopra's Dostana and Fashion was released 29 October (Diwali) on 700 screens worldwide. The film was released in a two-disc, NTSC DVD package on 22 December 2008 in all regions. Distributed by Moser Baer Home Videos, one disc contains the film; the other disc has additional content on the making of the film and interviews with the stars and director. VCD and Blu-ray versions were released at the same time. The film's television premiere took place on UTV Movies on 15 March 2009.

UTV Indiagames also released a mobile video game based on the film.

Reception

Fashion garnered highly positive reviews from critics, with praise for its direction, screenplay, cinematography, soundtrack and performances of the cast.

Kriti Verma of Headlines India rated the film 4 out of 5, describing it as "an outstanding film and a must watch for people who visit a theatre for something more than entertainment". Zee News gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5, called it "a must watch" and praised the sets, music, performances and storyline. Nikhat Kazmi rated the film 3.5 out of 5, describing it as " a sensitive parable on bonding and empowerment". Taran Adarsh rated the film 3.5 out of 5, praised the cinematography, screenplay, dialogue, costumes and styling, and called Fashion a "hard-hitting film that enlightens you, moves you, motivates and deflates you, even shocks and surprises you and of course, entertains you". Rajeev Masand gave the film a rating of 3 out of 5, and wrote, "Fashion is an easy watch because the very subject lends itself to so much interest. Like the director’s own film Page 3, it is mostly sensational and on several occasions compromises authenticity for the sake of exaggerated drama". He praised the performances of the lead cast, writing that "Chopra turns in a respectable performance, one that will inevitably go down as her best. The truth is, it’s one of those by-the-book characters that she understands only too well and performs just as easily. Ditto for Kangana Ranaut who plays the eccentric superdiva with such a practiced hand, it almost seems like an effortless delivery. It's ... Godse who invests such sincerity into her role, that she makes the character a real flesh and blood person. Kitu Gidwani, as the agency head who mentors our protagonist, Kitu strikes all the right notes, never once slipping out of character."

Subhash K. Jha of the Indo-Asian News Service rated the film 3 out of 5, calling it "a truly outstanding film". He said, "Bhandarkar takes us through a labyrinth of emotions, some devastating in their gut-level directness. But at the end, we come away with a film that gives us something to hold on to permanently even as the characters on screen lose practically everything worth holding on to". Jha also wrote that the sequences between Chopra and Ranaut as the highlights of the film. Gaurav Malani from The Economic Times rated the film a 3 out of 5, praised Chopra's performance and wrote, "Chopra's character graph [is] skillfully sketched from an aspiring model to an ambitious showstopper to a brash supermodel and subsequently to a faded manikin, desperate to make her comeback. In each phase her character exudes [a] contrasting gamut of emotions". Khalid Mohamed rated Fashion 3 out of 5, called the film a "must-try", and wrote, "Excelling on the catwalk as well as in the moments of self-destruction, Ranaut’s is the terrific, show-stopping performance". Sonia Chopra of Sify criticized the film's superficial portrayal of the fashion industry and called the film a superficial take on the lives of models and a dumbed-down version of the workings of the fashion industry. However, she praised the performances.

Fashion opened well at the box office, filling 90–100 per cent of seats in most Indian multiplexes. The film competed with the opening of a popular comedy, Golmaal Returns, but both films were box-office successes. Fashion earned approximately  on its opening day, the highest for a Madhur Bhandarkar film to date. The film went on to gross  at the box office. Fashion is noted for being a commercial success despite being a women-centric film without a male lead.

The National Film Archive of India (NFAI—part of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India), which aims to safeguard the heritage of Indian cinema, preserved Fashion with others directed by Bhandarkar, including Chandni Bar (2001) and Page 3 (2005). In 2013, The Times of India included the film on its list of "Top 10 path breaking women oriented films of Bollywood". For International Women's Day 2013, Zee News included the film on its list of best women-centric films.

Awards and nominations

Fashion received a number of awards and nominations in categories ranging from the film itself to its direction, screenplay, soundtrack and acting. At 56th National Film Awards, the film won 2 awards: Best Actress (Chopra) and Best Supporting Actress (Ranaut). The film received 7 nominations at the 54th Filmfare Awards, including Best Director (Bhandarkar) and Best Screenplay and won Best Actress (Chopra) and Best Supporting Actress (Ranaut). It was nominated for 6 awards at the 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards, winning 3: Best Actress (Chopra), Best Supporting Actress (Ranaut) and Best Female Debut (Godse).

References
Abcd

External links

2008 films
Films about fashion in India
Films about women in India
Films featuring a Best Actress National Award-winning performance
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress National Film Award-winning performance
Films set in Mumbai
Films shot in Mumbai
2000s Hindi-language films
Indian feminist films
Indian fashion
Films directed by Madhur Bhandarkar
UTV Motion Pictures films
Film censorship in India
Censored films
Films about modeling
Films adapted for other media


Dexter Canipe (born May 29, 1960) is an American racing driver who won the NASCAR Weekly Series national championship in 1997. Dexter also won the 1998 Taco Bell 300 at Martinsville Speedway, the biggest race of the year in Late Model Stock Car racing.

Driving a Late Model Stock Car owned by Dwight Huffman and fielded by G&G Motorsports, Canipe won 17 of the 22 races that he entered at Greenville-Pickens Speedway in South Carolina, in his national championship title in the NASCAR Weekly Series in 1997.

He also won the first-ever NASCAR touring series race at Homestead-Miami Speedway when the track opened in 1995, a NASCAR Goody's Dash Series event that preceded the track's Truck series exhibition and Busch series season finale the same weekend.

Canipe attempted one race in NASCAR Busch Series, in 1987, but failed to qualify.

He also competed in 7 Hooters Pro Cup Series events between 1999 and 2000. His best-finish was 10th at USA International Speedway.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Busch Series

References

External links

1960 births
NASCAR drivers
CARS Tour drivers
Living people


Daniel Mallory Stephens (December 17, 1893 - January 11, 1961) was a local and state politician and member of the New York State Assembly from Patterson, New York.

Political career and background
He was born at the family farm that is now part of the Thunder Ridge Ski Area on New York State Route 22. He was the son of Henry B. Stephens, a two-term Sheriff of Putnam County, New York, and Alice Mallory Stephens. He attended school in Patterson, and graduated from Brewster High School. Stephens worked for the Harlem Valley Electric Company after high school, and worked with crews that brought the first electric service to Patterson and Pawling. In 1914, he was married to Grace Hine of Brewster, and had three children. During World War I, he served in the United States Navy. In 1927, the couple relocated to Brewster.

In 1923, he was elected Supervisor of the Town of Patterson. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Putnam Co.) in 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939–40, 1941–42, 1943–44, 1945–46, 1947–48, 1949–50 and 1951–52. He was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means Committee for nine years, and at times sat on the Rules Committee, the New York City Committee, the Public Service Committee, Joint Legislative Committee on Banking, the Committee on Military Affairs, and the legislative group formed to investigate the dairy industry. He was also chairman of the Putnam County Republican Committee for several years, which gave him influence over candidates for local office. In 1952, he retired from the Assembly, and the seat was taken over by his son Willis H. Stephens.

Mallory Stephens was a shrewd businessman whose interests included the  Stephens homestead farm, which he sold in 1956 to the business group that created the Birch Hill Game Farm there. The historic Little Red Schoolhouse in Patterson was also located on the Stephens farm, where his wife taught and his daughter Alice attended. He was also an officer of the Maust, Coal, and Coke Corporation, an officer of the Modern Industrial Bank alongside Channing H. Tobias, and the Knickerbocker Associates, a real estate and insurance firm. Stephens was a member of the Patterson Presbyterian Church, the Patterson Grange, the Putnam Westchester Pomona Grange, and the National Grange.

Stephens died in New York Hospital on January 11, 1961, of a heart ailment. He was buried in the Maple Avenue Cemetery in Patterson. His son, Willis, and grandson, Willis Jr., occupied his assembly seat from 1952 until 2006. By H.R. 5685 of the United States Congress, the United States Postal Service office located at 19 Front Street in Patterson is known as the D. Mallory Stephens Post Office.

See also

List of members of the New York State Assembly

References

External links
Historic Patterson, New York

1893 births
1961 deaths
Politicians from Putnam County, New York
Town supervisors in New York (state)
United States Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of World War I
American Presbyterians
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
Sheriffs of Putnam County, New York
People from Patterson, New York
20th-century American politicians


Opal Jean Amburgey (March 6, 1925 – August 12, 1995), known professionally as Jean Chapel, was an American country singer and songwriter. She recorded for several record labels and wrote over 400 songs, more than 170 of which were published in her lifetime.

Biography
Amburgey was born into a family of six children in Neon, Kentucky. At the age of 11, she learned guitar and banjo, and performed with her sisters as the Sunshine Sister band. Together, they left home when Jean was 13 and were hired to play daily on WKLP-AM in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1938. They moved to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1940 to sing on WSB Barn Dance; she began using the nickname Mattie at this time. Her sister Irene would later record with Capitol Records under the name Martha Carson.

In 1947, she married Salty Holmes, and in 1950 they moved to Chicago, Illinois, to appear on National Barn Dance on WLS-AM. Soon Jean began appearing on the Grand Ole Opry opposite Holmes as Mattie & Salty under the name Mattie O'Neil.

In 1956, she recorded a few rockabilly recordings under the name Jean Chapel with Sun Records; one of the tunes, "Welcome to the Club", was issued as a B-side of a single by Elvis Presley. Sun promoted her as the Female Elvis, but the nickname stuck more successfully to Janis Martin.

After Chapel divorced Holmes in 1956, she moved to Nashville and devoted herself primarily to songwriting. She befriended Tammy Wynette, who would later briefly marry her brother, Don (shortly before her marriage to George Jones). Wynette asked her to record the duet "Crazy Me".

Chapel's greatest success in the music industry was as a songwriter, penning "Lonely Again", a number one song for Eddy Arnold. Chapel also wrote “Baby, That's Living”, which went number two in the U.S. She also wrote "Lay Some Happiness on Me", one of Dean Martin's most successful records of the 1960s and in 1973 her song "To Get to You", a hit for Jerry Wallace, was nominated for Song of the Year by the Country Music Association. Among the other artists to record Chapel songs are Liz Anderson, Nancy Sinatra, Tommy Overstreet, Charlie McCoy, and Lorrie Morgan.

Chapel died August 12, 1995, in Port Orange, Florida.

Discography
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
!  | Year
!  | Title
!  | Record label
|----
| 1954 || Tennessee Courtin' Time / That Does It || Hickory
|----
| 1955 || You Gave Me Your Name / Part Of Your Heart || Hickory
|----
| 1956 || Welcome To The Club / I Won't be Rockin' Tonight || Sun
|----
| 1956 || Welcome To The Club / I Won't Be Rockin' Tonight || RCA
|----
| 1957 || Oo-Ba La Baby / I Had A Dream || RCA
|----
| 1959 || The Little Martian / Waiting || Cleff-Tone
|----
| 1962 || It Hurts Me / Turn Around And Walk Away || Crest
|----
| 1963 || Don't Let Go / Your Tender Love || Smash
|----
| 1966 || Tell It Like It Is || not issued

References
Footnotes

General references
[ Jean Chapel] at Allmusic

American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American rockabilly musicians
Sun Records artists
RCA Victor artists
Challenge Records artists
Crest Records artists
Apex Records artists
Smash Records artists
Country musicians from Kentucky
1925 births
1995 deaths
People from Port Orange, Florida
20th-century American singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Kentucky
Singer-songwriters from Florida
Kentucky women musicians
Singers from Kentucky
20th-century American women singers
Country musicians from Florida


Today's Sunbeam was a daily newspaper in Salem, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1819, it ceased publication in 2012 when it merged with its sister papers the Gloucester County Times and The News of Cumberland County to form the South Jersey Times.

History
The paper was founded in 1819 as the Salem Messenger, serving only the town of Salem, New Jersey. The name was later changed to the Salem Sunbeam. In 1972, the Salem Sunbeam merged with four other local papers, Woodstown Monitor-Register, Penns Grove Sun, Pennsville Progress, and  Salem Standard and Jerseyman, to form a new paper covering Salem County. The new paper was called the Sunbeam, later Today's Sunbeam. The paper's chief competitors were The Philadelphia Inquirer across the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, and the Courier-Post and Burlington County Times in South Jersey. MediaNews Group acquired Today's Sunbeam in 1990. Advance Publications bought MediaNews' New Jersey and Pennsylvania newspapers in 2000. In 2012, the Sunbeam was merged with two other Advance Publications papers, Gloucester County Times and The News of Cumberland County, to form the South Jersey Times.

References

External links
Today's Sunbeam contacts list & general information

Advance Publications
Defunct newspapers published in New Jersey
Newspapers published in New Jersey
Publications disestablished in 2012
Publications established in 1819
Salem County, New Jersey


Cothill House is a day and boarding boys' independent school for preparatory pupils in Cothill, Oxfordshire, which houses around 220 boys from the ages 8–13.

General information
The school offers day and boarding places for around 220 pupils.  Facilities include a CDT centre, golf course, BMX track, swimming pool (covered), theatre, six hard tennis courts, 20 music practice rooms, 2 drum rooms, squash court, library, science labs, a computer room and two teaching blocks. A new state of the art Sports Centre is currently being constructed, due to be completed by the summer of 2023. The headmaster's house is attached to the main school.

The school is operated by the Prep Schools Trust, a charity registered in England, which also runs the nearby Chandlings School, Kitebrook Preparatory School, Mowden Hall in Northumberland, and Barfield School in Surrey. The Chair of Trustees is Emma McKendrick, headmistress of Downe House School.

From September 2023, the new headmaster of Cothill will be George May.

Boarding
Cothill House is a full boarding school, meaning pupils go home only for organised weekends, exeats, half-terms and end-of-terms. Day places are offered for Cothill Juniors in Years 4 and 5. Prince William and his brother Prince Harry were registered to attend Cothill, which was the choice of their father Charles, Prince of Wales, but in the end they both attended a rival establishment, Ludgrove, instead.

Notable Old Cothillians
Maharaja Gaj Singh of Jodhpore, diplomat and politician
John Bradbury, 2nd Baron Bradbury
General Sir Hugh Stockwell, Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe
James Charles Macnab of Macnab, Chief of Clan Macnab
Rupert Thorneloe, soldier
Alexander Gordon, 7th Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly
Jeremy Thorpe, British politician, leader of the Liberal Party 1966–76
Richard Symonds, civil servant.
Hugh Pym, British journalist and author
Archie Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, British aristocrat

History
The school was founded in 1860 (in Dry Sandford), before moving to its present location in 1870.

References

External links
Official Website
Cothill House at the Independent Schools Council

Boarding schools in Oxfordshire
Preparatory schools in Oxfordshire


Marcia Morales Howard (born July 16, 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Education and career

Howard was born in Jacksonville, Florida. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Vanderbilt University in 1987 and her Juris Doctor with honors from the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida in 1990. At UF Law she was elected to the Order of the Coif and served as the Symposium Editor for the Florida Law Review. Howard was in private practice in Jacksonville from 1990 to 2003 as a civil litigator concentrating in labor and employment law, and was a member of the National Association of Railroad Trial Counsel. From 2003 to 2007, she served as a United States magistrate judge in the Middle District of Florida.

Federal judicial service

On January 9, 2007 she was nominated by President George W. Bush to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Her nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 15, 2007. She received her commission on February 20, 2007.

See also
List of Hispanic and Latino American jurists

References

External links

Profile on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida website

1965 births
Living people
Vanderbilt University alumni
Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni
Hispanic and Latino American judges
Judges of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
United States district court judges appointed by George W. Bush
21st-century American judges
Lawyers from Jacksonville, Florida
United States magistrate judges
21st-century American women judges
Hispanic and Latino American lawyers


The Arthur Tigers were a Canadian senior hockey team based in Arthur, Ontario, Canada.  They played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League.

History
Arthur has had numerous hockey teams nicknamed the Tigers since 1904 (perhaps as early as 1899), with the most recent team playing in the WOAA from 1985 to 1999.  The team folded at the conclusion of the 1998–99 season.  Some Championship seasons included: 1929 NHL, 1939 OHA, 1954 Pritchard Trophy, 1972-1975 WOAA, 1989-1991 WOAA Sr B, 1991 WOAA Grand Championship.

Some stars over the years included: Angus O'Neill, Norbert Heffernan, Ken Riley, Al Bell, Ken Elliott, Gord Schmidt, Garnett Rooney, Bob McCulloch, Bryan Richardson, Jim Richardson, Paul Epoch, Scott McCulloch, Tom O'Donnell, Marty Groulx, Bruce Richardson, Ray Hutchison, Mike Brooks, Glenn Watt, Darryl Rooney.

Some of the "Honorary Tigers" include: Bert Coffey, John Walsh, Clive Williams, Bill Smellie, Norbert Heffernan, Angus O'Neill.

The club held Reunions in 1993 and again in 1998. These events attracted some 250–300 former players, coaches and friends of the Tigers.

The club folded in 1999, after it was unable to form an executive.

1991 Grand Championship
The club had their most successful season in 1990-91 season, defeating the heavily favoured Durham Thundercats to become the WOAA Grand Champions. The Tigers captured the WOAA Senior B Championship eliminating Wiarton and Drayton. Posting a 9-1 post-season record. The Grand Championship final went the full five games. Durham won game one 8-1. Game two in Arthur, on Sunday, April 1 was canceled at game time, with the fans already in the Arena, due to a compressor break down. It was rescheduled to the following Tuesday evening, Arthur won 8-2. Durham bounced back to win game three 4-3. Again the Tigers won at home 8-1 to force the fifth and deciding contest of the series. In Durham on Friday, April 12, 1991, a full house turned out. Tied heading into the 3rd period 3-3, the Tigers pulled ahead 6-3. Things appeared well in hand for Arthur. Tenacious Durham winger Scott Betts had other things in mind scoring two goals in the final two minutes to bring the home side within a goal. Arthur held on for the 6-5 victory. Tigers winger John McCabe led all WOAA playoff scorers with 28 points. Netminder Marty Groulx sparkled for Arthur. Other players included: Scott McCulloch, Tom O'Donnell, Ray Hutchison, Eck Palmer Jr., Brian Ward, Jim "The Champ" Holmes, Paul Epoch, Fred Locking, Matt Coffey, John Bell, Don Jackson, Doug Bell, Rob McCulloch, Mike Raftis, Grant Rundle, Brad Smith, Frank Goetz, Jeff Bauman, Mark Goetz III, Walt Lesenke Jr. Coach Don Tremble, Assistant Coach Cal MacDonald, Manager/President Jeff McKee, Trainer Walt Lesenke Sr.

Modern era
In 1985, the Tigers re-birthed, after a period of seven years of idleness. They spent one season in the OHA before returning to the WOAA. It would take five years, before the team would have some exciting moments. The 1988-89 season saw 10 Juniors in their lineup.

The road team
In 1977 the Arthur Tigers were a men's hockey club without an arena. Winning was not the highlight of the season, rather the fact that they played all their games on the road was.

1970's
The club was extremely strong through the early 1970s. Garnett Rooney won three WOAA scoring titles (1971, 1973, 1975) and Bob McCulloch one (1972). In 1972 the club advanced to the WOAA Grand Championship final, but were eliminated by Milverton in six games. Again in 1975 they advanced to the Grand Championship, but were again defeated. They were also group champions in the 1974. Some of the other team members were: Jim Richardson, Merv Rooney, Carl Colwill, Bryan Richardson, Lorne Green, Carl Nelson, Cal MacDonald, Brent Barnes, Scott Jackson. Coaching staff included Clive B. Williams and Al Bell.

1954
In 1954 the Pritchard Trophy was first presented. Arthur, Harriston and Mount Forest competed in the local WOHA series, with the Arthur Redmen prevailing that first year. Ken Riley was the club's big star and scored more than 57 goals that season. Ken Elliott, Gord Schmidt, Al Bell, Don Black, Bill Pryde, Leo Givens, Ken O'Neill were some of the players. John Walsh was the coach.

1939
The "Beehives", under the direction of player coach Art Whittacker were undefeated during the regular season. In OHA playoffs they extended the streak to 18 games. The 19th game was in Owen Sound, the second game of a two game total goals series. Owen Sound defeated the "Beehives"  in overtime to take the series and eliminate Arthur. Some of the team members were: Angus O'Neill, Norbert Heffernan, Jimmy Doyle, Nate Farrell, Frank Farrell, Sam Green, Bunter Marshall. Marvin Howe, P.E. Brown, and Dr. Russell were some of the other well known members of the club.

1929
The Tigers were NHL champions. Stars included: Angus O'Neill, Norbert Heffernan, Ken Riley, and Tom Costigan.

1899-1904
Hockey game results have been found in old newspapers. The first observed team called "Tigers" first appeared with a men's lacrosse team in the early 1900s. Prior to that, a few teams used the nickname "Arthur's". Lacrosse teams first appeared in Arthur about 1870.

Ice Rinks
The first hockey teams played on an outdoor rink. Location of the rink(s) has not been confirmed. The Tigers first recorded home was on Frederick St. This arena sat close to Georgina St. Maurice Douglass' home sits on the property. In 1920 the new arena was built on Domville St. This building was torn down in 1977. The curling club sits on the property today. The current Arthur arena was built in 1978.

Rivalries
The Tigers had a big rivalry with the Drayton Comets, through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The two towns are located 30 kilometers apart, and the clubs met four times in the playoffs - 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992. Each club won two series. In 1990 Drayton defeated the Tigers to advance to the WOAA Grand Championship Final. In 1991, Arthur defeated Drayton en route to the WOAA Grand Championship.

Through the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s strong rivalries were formed with Harriston, Palmerston, Mt. Forest and Milverton.

One of the most famous games was played in the mid-1950s in Arthur. A packed house became embroiled in brawl which spilled out onto the ice. Fans leaned against the boards when defenceman Ken Elliott became involved in a fight. The boards slipped off their hooks, and the fans spilled onto the ice, resulting in the melee. Mt. Forest eventually managed to retreat to their dressing room. Police assisted in helping the visitors leave the arena.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

See also
Arthur, Ontario
Western Ontario Athletic Association
WOAA Senior Hockey League

References

External links
Arthur Tigers Historical Website

Senior ice hockey teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Defunct ice hockey teams in Canada
1999 disestablishments in Ontario
1985 establishments in Ontario
Ice hockey clubs established in 1985
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1999
Wellington County, Ontario


Carlo Antonio Del Fava (born 1 July 1981) is a former rugby union player. His preferred position was Lock. After hanging his boots up he then decided to take up coaching. Born in South Africa, he played for Italy internationally.

Rugby career
Del Fava made his Italy debut in the 2004 Six Nations Championship. Previously he played for the South African under-21 team.

While playing rugby in South Africa, Del Fava served a two-year ban after testing positive for the banned substance stanozolol.

He was called up to the Italy squad for the 2008 Six Nations Championship.

On 10 February 2014, it was announced Del Fava had been forced to retire due to a long-standing neck injury.

Media work
Del Fava was part of the BBC Sport coverage for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 Six Nations, giving his views on the Italian side.

Personal life
Del Fava was born in Mthatha, South Africa to Italian parents. His great-grandfather emigrated to South Africa from Lucca.

See also
 Italian South Africans

References

External links
Carlo Antonio del Fava RBS 6 Nations (Archived)
Ulster sign Italian lock Del Fava BBC Sport, 31 March 2007

1981 births
Living people
People from Mthatha
Italian rugby union coaches
South African rugby union coaches
Italian rugby union players
South African rugby union players
South African people of Italian descent
South African emigrants to Italy
Rugby Viadana players
Aironi players
CS Bourgoin-Jallieu players
Ulster Rugby players
Newcastle Falcons players
Rugby union locks
Italy international rugby union players
Doping cases in rugby union
Alumni of Queen's College Boys' High School
2011 Rugby World Cup players


Thomas Cleland Dawson (July 30, 1865 – May 1, 1912) was a career United States diplomat.

Biography
Born in Hudson, Wisconsin, Dawson received his bachelor's degree from Hanover College and his law degree from University of Cincinnati College of Law. He also studied at Harvard University. Dawson practiced law in Des Moines, Iowa and Council Bluffs, Iowa and was an assistant Iowa Attorney General. He was also a newspaper publisher. Dawson entered the diplomatic service in 1891, when he was appointed Secretary of Legation in Brazil. He was U.S. minister and consul general to the Dominican Republic (1904‑1907), during which term he negotiated the American-Dominican Fiscal Convention of 1907; then ambassador to Colombia (1907‑1909), Chile (1909), and Panama (1910). He is the author of The South American Republics (2 vols., 1903 and 1904).

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1865 births
1912 deaths
Hanover College alumni
University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni
Harvard University alumni
Iowa lawyers
Writers from Iowa
Writers from Wisconsin
People from Hudson, Wisconsin
Ambassadors of the United States to the Dominican Republic
Ambassadors of the United States to Colombia
Ambassadors of the United States to Chile
Ambassadors of the United States to Panama
19th-century American lawyers


Granite Hot Springs is a hot spring located in Sublette County, Wyoming,  southeast of Jackson.  It is maintained by the United States Forest Service.  Early settlers in the region dug a pool to collect the water.  The Civilian Conservation Corps enhanced the pool in 1933 according to the sign at the pool, adding a campground, changing room, and deck.  There is also a primitive pool located at Granite Falls, about 1/2 mile downstream, which was one of the locations used to shoot the 1992 film A River Runs Through It.

During the summer, the pool can be accessed by car. In the winter, visitors must access it by skis, snowshoes, snowmobile or dogsled. In winter, the pool temperature may be up to  degrees.  During peak snowmelt in spring, the temperature may drop into the 80s, and be in the mid-90s during the summer.

In July 2007, the Granite Creek Fire threatened the springs, blackening over .

References

External links
 Wyoming tourism
 Via magazine article
 USDA Forest Service recreation area information

Hot springs of Wyoming
Hot springs of Teton County, Wyoming
Civilian Conservation Corps in Wyoming
Tourist attractions in Teton County, Wyoming
Bridger–Teton National Forest


Ed Kosiski is an American racing driver who won the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series national championship in 1998.

Driving a family-owned dirt late model vehicle, Kosiski won 16 of the 18 races that he entered at a one-third-mile clay race track in Lincoln, Nebraska.

He is the younger brother of Joe Kosiski and Steve Kosiski, and son of the Bob Kosiski.

Kosiski competed in one ARCA Racing Series event in 1997. He finished 11th.

As part of the 25th anniversary of the NASCAR Weekly Series in 2006, Kosiski was named one of the series' All Time Top 25 drivers.

Iowa.

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NASCAR drivers
ARCA Menards Series drivers
American racing drivers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)