The Zoo is the Australian version of a New Zealand documentary television series of the same name. Centred on the lives of a zoo team at Taronga Zoo, New South Wales. The program is narrated by Sunrise co-host Melissa Doyle.

The first series of 6 episodes aired on Sunday nights from 3 February to 9 March 2008. The second series moved to Tuesday nights at 7:30 pm from 21 October 2008 and finished on 18 November 2008. The 3rd series airing back on the same time slot as series 2 on 12 May 2009. A fourth season began with a special one-hour episode, Miracle At The Zoo on the birth of elephant Pathi Harn on 12 April 2010.

Miracle at the zoo
The Zoo's series four premiere began with an hour special about the first birth of an elephant at Taronga Zoo. The episode aired on 12 April 2010. The show focused on the growth and development of the baby, named "Pathi Harn", in the first few weeks after birth. The special was a huge success coming in first in the nights ratings and giving The Zoo's biggest ratings since series two.

Awards
 2010 – Logie Awards – Most Popular TV Presenter – Melissa Doyle

Ratings

Series ratings

Episode ratings

Series 3

Series 4

References

External links

Seven Network original programming
2008 Australian television series debuts
2010 Australian television series endings
Australian factual television series


Holston Army Ammunition Plant (HSAAP) manufactures Research Department Explosive (RDX) and High Melting Explosive (HMX) for ammunition production and development. It is a government-owned and contractor-operated (GOCO) facility that is part of the US Army Joint Munitions Command.

History
The Holston Army Ammunition Plant, also known as the Holston Ordnance Works, was constructed by Tennessee Eastman in Kingsport, Tennessee to manufacture explosives during World War II.

BAE Systems' division Ordnance Systems, Inc. currently operates the plant under a 25-year facilities use contract.  On May 12, 2011, the Army announced that BAE Systems had won the contract to operate Radford Army Ammunition Plant in nearby Radford, VA as well.

Capabilities
Capabilities of the plant include:  production and development of insensitive munitions explosives; synthesis and manufacture of high explosives; recrystallization and purification from organic solvents; melt-cast, cast-cured, pressed and extruded explosives formulation; explosives performance testing; full-spectrum explosives research and development capability; and custom and fine chemical manufacture for the defense industry. Information Provided by the Joint Munitions Command

Current operations
The current plant is on two sites: Plant A is in Kingsport, and Plant B is about  away in a less developed part of Hawkins County.  The two plants are connected by rail.  Plant A has . Plant B has . The site as a whole includes 465 buildings.

History
Holston Ordnance Works [HOW] was established in July 1942 and stopped production in 1945. It was reactivated in 1949 during the Cold War and continues today. The installation was renamed Holston Army Ammunition Plant [HSAAP or HAAP] in the early 1960s. Holston Defense Corporation operated the facility from 1949 through 1999 under a series of cost reimbursement contracts with the U. S. Army.

The plant was constructed 1942–1944 for use by the government contractor, Tennessee Eastman Corporation, a subsidiary of Eastman Kodak.  During World War II, it manufactured Composition B, a very powerful explosive mixture of RDX and TNT.  The facility was placed in standby status after World War II, producing only fertilizer, until it was reactivated in 1949 under the Holston Defense Corporation, a new subsidiary of Eastman Kodak.

During the Korean War, the plant continued to manufacture Composition B as well as rework its stockpiled Composition B.  New production lines were built during 1951–1954 in order to produce for the war. However, after the Korean War it was reduced to a one-line operation.  It did not resume large-scale production until the mid-1960s when it was again modernized to produce large amounts of Composition B for the Vietnam War.

After 1973, production was again reduced to a much smaller amount, but the plant also began producing "special-order" explosives and propellants for the Armed Services, including the Navy's Trident missile program. It also handles and stores material for the national defense stockpile.

As of 1988, the plant produced all of the RDX/HMX consumed in the United States, and 90 percent of that used by all of the nations friendly to the USA.

Facilities
HSAAP is housed on  with 325 buildings, 130 igloos and storage capacity of
.Information Provided by the Joint Munitions Command

References

External links
Joint Munitions Command website
Information compiled from
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation, filed under Kingsport, Sullivan County, TN:

Buildings and structures in Hawkins County, Tennessee
Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee
Military installations in Tennessee
United States Army arsenals


Siegfried Ochs (19 April 1858 – 6 February 1929) was a German choral conductor and composer.

Life
Born in Frankfurt, Ochs first studied medicine and chemistry at the Polytechnikum Darmstadt (today the Technische Universität Darmstadt) and at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg. He later devoted himself entirely to music, studying at the Königliche Hochschule für Musik, Berlin, under Schultze and Ernst Rudorff, and later privately under Friedrich Kiel and Heinrich Urban. In 1882 Ochs founded the Philharmonic Choral Society of Berlin, which he would lead until 1920. At first an obscure organization, it became prominent through numerous performances given by Hans von Bülow, an intimate friend of Ochs. It arguably became the greatest choral society in Berlin and was distinguished for its helpful patronage of young musicians, whose compositions were performed for the first time.

Ochs died in Berlin.

Works
Ochs was noted for humorous or parodic compositions. He wrote both the libretto and music of the three-act comic opera Im Namen des Gesetzes (Hamburg, 1888), two operettas, duets for soprano and alto, male choruses, vocal canons, and several books of songs. Many musicologists also maintain that Ochs was both composer and lyricist of the aria Dank sei Dir, Herr, still widely believed to be by Handel.

References

Attribution

External links

 Guide to the Siegfried Ochs Collection at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York.

1858 births
1929 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century conductors (music)
20th-century classical composers
20th-century German conductors (music)
20th-century German male musicians
Bach conductors
German choral conductors
German male classical composers
German male conductors (music)
German Romantic composers
People from the Free City of Frankfurt


Abzac is the name of the following communes in France:

 Abzac, Charente, in the Charente department
 Abzac, Gironde, in the Gironde department


Owyhee Dam (National ID # OR00582) is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Owyhee River in Eastern Oregon near Adrian, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1932 during the Great Depression, the dam generates electricity and provides irrigation water for several irrigation districts in Oregon and neighboring Idaho. At the time of completion, it was the tallest dam of its type in the world (it was surpassed about two years later). The dam is part of the Owyhee Dam Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The dam impounds the river to create the Owyhee Reservoir, with storage capacity of nearly  of water. The more than  tall concrete-arch gravity dam is owned by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and operated by the Owyhee Irrigation District. Haystack Rock Road is carried over the  long crest of the dam.

History
In August 1927, the US Congress authorized the building of a dam in the canyon of the Owyhee River. Construction of the dam began in 1928 to provide water for irrigation projects. It was built on a foundation of massive rhyolite, massive pitchstone, and associated unmassive pitchstone agglomerate geologic formations adjacent to the Owyhee Mountains. A project of the Bureau of Reclamation, they hired General Construction Company from Seattle to build the dam.

Former Oregonian and then United States President Herbert Hoover dedicated what was the highest dam of its type in the world on July 17, 1932. Secretary of the Interior Ray Lyman Wilbur delivered Hoover's message at the dam. Owyhee's construction served as a prototype for the larger Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, including the use of refrigeration to cool the concrete.

The dam cost $6,000,000, with the total reclamation project costing $18,000,000. Owyhee was designed by Frank A. Banks, who also designed other dams such as the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River. In the 1980s, electricity-generating capabilities were added to the dam. From 1990 to 1993, the dam was remodeled. Since the height of the dam made a fish ladder impractical, the dam closed off the Owyhee Chinook salmon runs that used to swim as far upstream as Nevada. On September 23, 2010, the dam was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Owyhee Dam Historic District.

Operations

Water stored at the reservoir is used to irrigate approximately  for use in farming. Four different irrigation district utilize the water from Owyhee Reservoir. There are three hydro-power generating facilities at the reservoir added between 1985 and 1993, with seven megawatt and five megawatt turbines at the dam and power sold to the Idaho Power Company. Owyhee has a unique spillway located part way up the dam that utilizes a  in diameter tunnel to send excess water to the river below during Spring run-off. The United States Bureau of Reclamation owns the facility, and the Owyhee Irrigation District operates the dam.

Climate
The following data are from the Western Regional Climate Center, accessed in March 2018. The record high temperature was 112 °F in July 2002 and the record low was -22 °F in January 1962. Annual precipitation is low, averaging less than 10 inches per year, and diurnal temperature variation is very high in the summer.

Dimensions

Owyhee is  long at the crest, which is  wide. The base of the dam is  wide, with a height of . The crest elevation sits at  above sea level and has a hydraulic height of . Total concrete used in this arch gravity style dam was .

The dam's spillway can allow  per second of water flow, while its tunnel capacity is  per second. The outlet works can allow up to  per second. If full, the reservoir would hold  of water, and is  long. The total drainage area of the dam and reservoir is  in Eastern Oregon and western Idaho.

Owyhee Dam was the tallest dam in the world until the Lac du Chambon dam was built in France in 1934 at 136.7 meters (448 feet).

See also

List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
List of lakes in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places listings in Malheur County, Oregon

References

External links

Oregon Blue Book: Depression Era Public Works Web Exhibit: Owyhee Dam
USGS water data
National Weather Service: Runoff volume at Owyhee Dam

Owyhee Project, Bureau of Reclamation, 1996

Dams in Oregon
Hydroelectric power plants in Oregon
Buildings and structures in Malheur County, Oregon
Owyhee River
Owyhee Desert
National Register of Historic Places in Malheur County, Oregon
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
Dams completed in 1932
1932 establishments in Oregon
Historic American Engineering Record in Oregon


is a railway station of the Chūō Main Line, East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Sakaori 1-chōme, in the city of Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

Lines
Sakaori Station is served by the Chūō Main Line, and is 131.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tokyo Station.

Station layout
The station consists of one ground level  side platform and a one island platform serving three tracks, connected by an underground passage. The station is staffed.

Platforms

History
Sakaori Station was opened on February 11, 1926 as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Chūō Main Line. The JGR became the JNR (Japanese National Railways) after the end of World War II. Scheduled freight services were discontinued from November 1986.  With the dissolution and privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of the East Japan Railway Company. Automated turnstiles using the Suica IC Card system came into operation from October 16, 2004. The current station building was completed in February 2006.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 2,203 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
 Furouen - Garden Park of Eternal Life
 iCLA (International College of Liberal Arts)
 Kofu Higashi High School
 Yamanashi Eiwa College
 Yamanashi Gakuin University
 Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College
 Yamanashi Gakuin High School
 Kai Zenkoji Temple

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

 Miyoshi Kozo. Chuo-sen Machi to eki Hyaku-niju nen. JT Publishing (2009)

External links

JR East Sakaori Station

Railway stations in Yamanashi Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1926
Chūō Main Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Kōfu, Yamanashi


Gohar, also known as Chak 8, is a village of Pattoki Tehsil, Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Geography
It is located at 32°28'0N 73°19'0E with an altitude of 206 metres (679 feet).  It is close to Gehlan.

Notable residents

Gohar is famous for two Islamic scholars, namely, Maulana Ishaq Rehmani and Maulana Mohi ud din Salfi.  Molanah Ishaq Rehmani was a member of the Gen Ayub Advisory Council. Monalh Mohi ud din salfi served in Medina University in Saudi Arabia. There is also an Islamic Scholar Prof. Hafiz Muhammad Ayub, a prominent Religious Scholar and was Head of Islamic Studies Department UET Lahore also belongs from notable family of Gohar.

References

Populated places in Kasur District


Giuseppe Bastianelli (25 October 1862 – 30 March 1959) was an Italian physician and zoologist who worked on malaria and was the personal physician of Pope Benedict XV.

Born in Rome, Bastianelli was initially interested in chemistry, physiology and neurology; subsequently he became interested in the study of malaria. He worked in the "Santo Spirito a Roma" hospital with Ettore Marchiafava, Angelo Celli and Amico Bignami, studying the clinical aspects of this disease. He then moved to the Sapienza University of Rome where he directed l'Istituto di Malariologia, the Institute of Malarial studies dedicated to Ettore Marchiafava, where he worked until he died.
The institute was a major contributor to the campaign that led to the complete eradication of malaria in Italy.

Biography

Early life
Giuseppe Bastianelli was born in Rome on October 25, 1862, in a family originally from Umbria, Italy, from Giulio Bastianelli and Teresa Zanca.
Being the son of Giulio Bastianelli, chief physician in the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia in Rome and municipal councilor, as well as the nephew of a surgeon operating in Trevi in Umbria, Giuseppe Bastianelli grew up in a medical-influenced environment, along with his younger brother Raffaele Bastianelli. This oriented his younger self towards the development of medical interests, which he will then explore and deepen during his university years.
His elder brother Raffaele Bastianelli (Rome, 26 December 1863 – Rome, 1 September 1961) undertook a successful career as well, being a surgeon specialized in oncology as well as a political figure due to his nomination of senator.

Studies and career
Giuseppe Bastianelli attended the Medicine faculty at the University of Rome, and he explored with diligence the subjects of physics and chemistry but especially of physiology, soon becoming a student of the physiologist Jacob Moleschott, with whom he started interesting investigations on intestinal juices, which were unfortunately interrupted then for lack of means. He also studied chemistry with Stanislao Cannizzaro.

He obtained a medical degree in 1885 and thus, a medical culture of the highest order was formed, which later made him gain recognition even outside of Italy (primarily in America, England and Germany). In 1891, at twenty-nine years old, Bastianelli earned the title of primary doctor in the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia Rome, where he worked alongside the physicians Angelo Celli, Ettore Marchiafava and Amico Bignami, especially in the field of the physiopathology of malaria. He became professor at Sapienza University of Rome and dirigent of The Institute of Malariology "E. Marchiafava", and he was the only member of the Roman School of Malariology to take part in the campaign of eradication of malaria, in support of the work of Alberto Coluzzi.

Political and later life

Giuseppe Bastianelli was then awarded the nomination of senator in 1939, due to his admirable scientific accomplishments, and he was able to get the recognition he deserved for his excellence in both the medical and social field. He died in Rome on March 30, 1959, at the age of ninety-six.

Research

Work on Anopheles

Bastianelli dedicated himself to a long series of researches on the various clinical forms of malaria, a life-threatening disease that represented one of the most serious issues of the social medicine of his time and that claimed many human victims in some areas close to Rome, where himself lived.
Between 1880 and 1885, he and his colleagues Angelo Celli, Ettore Marchiafava, Amico Bignami, Camillo Golgi and Giovanni Battista Grassi contributed to the resolution of this big social and sanitary issue by associating a different species of Plasmodium to each type of malaric fever: the most severe form of malaria, called terzana maligna was attributed to Plasmodium falciparum, while a milder form of the disease called terzana benigna was associated to Plasmodium vivax.

The research that, among all, gave Bastianelli his fame was that on the cycle of the parasite in the anopheles.
 Bastianelli and Bignami worked on anopheles that were caught and sent to them by Grassi and fed with the blood of malarici, allowing them to finally obtain the development of the parasite: they could therefore describe all the phases of the sporogonic cycle of Plasmodium Vivax from the Cocists stage of 42 hours until the formation and liberation of the sporozoites, and they presented their report on the subject to the Accademia dei Lincei on December the 4th 1898.

Between September 1898 and February 1899, Giovanni Battista Grassi, entomologist at the Roman School of Malariology, concluded the work on the identification of malaria vectors, and together with Bastianelli and Bignami he clarified the biological pattern of plasmodia from Anopheles mosquito to man in studies conducted in Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia in Rome using Anopheles claviger.
Once the biological pattern of malaria transmission had been identified, all the possible breaking points in the transmission chain were considered to achieve the target of stopping it.

Bastianelli was also among the firsts attempting to conduct modern clinical trials in Italy on antimalarial agents, in respect of which methodology used is particularly relevant. Main features of his trials are the attention to both historical controls and concurrent controls, the accurate description of side effects, the interest in the short-term findings to assess whether the action of the preventive or therapeutic interventions persisted over time.

Work on Leukocytes

Between 1891 and 1892, Bastianelli dedicated himself to the study of the function of leukocytes in the blood, concluding that circulating mononucleated cells behave in the same way as the fixed elements of the splenic and medullary pulp with which they share the morphological significance: an observation that anticipated the concept of the reticuloendothelial system, which was established only some years later.
In addition, he illustrated the pathogenesis of malaria hemoglobinuria and the passage of parasites from mother to fetus.

Teaching

New Teaching Method
In 1926, Bastianelli was entrusted with the teaching of medical semeiotics at the University of Rome, occupying the first chair of semiotics in Italy, which he left in 1935 for age limits.
His vast culture allowed him to form a large group of pupils, and he established a new educational course which was mainly practical and consisted in putting small groups of students in contact with the patient and instructing them with the help of his collaborators.
The method became established and was followed by numerous doctors; practical teaching was supplemented by a few theoretical lessons, real essays on anatomy, physiology, physics and chemistry applied to sick people.
He endowed and enriched the institute, even only for generous personal donations, of the best scientific apparatus.

Institute of Malariology

The Institute Ettore Marchiafava was born as an evolution of the Superior School of Malariology, established in Rome in 1925 as an output of the international Congress of malaria. The school was established with the aim of Promoting studies and training on all the medical problems related to malaria and on the reclamation and on the cultivation of marshy areas.

Initially, the institute was directed by Professor Vittorio Ascoli and had its headquarters at the Medical Center of the Royal University of Rome. Bastianelli succeeded to Ascoli, being appointed Director on March 25, 1931. With the new direction, the school was relocated from the medical clinic to the IX pavilion of the Policlinico Umberto I. Six years on from its creation, the School was transformed into the Institute of Malariology Ettore Marchiafava because more suitable toward research. The Institute had the aim of teaching malariology and studying malaria.

In the Institute there were courses of specialization for doctors from all over the world, initially promoted by the League of Nations, to create competent personnel to be sent to the different countries struggling with malaria. During these courses, Bastianelli organized trips and visits to the areas of Italy most plagued by malaria to illustrate the organization and defensive and prophylactic network against it and to raise awareness on chronic malaria. Over the years, he followed the development of studies on malaria.

Later, during the conflict of the Second World War, the Laboratory of Malariology continued its work of research, despite the imaginable difficulties of the moment. The activity, in fact, took place mainly in the laboratory and to a very limited extent in the field. Giuseppe Bastianelli was the only member of the Roman School of Malariology to take part in the campaign of eradication of malaria, supporting the work of Alberto Coluzzi.

Main Publications

 On spring malarial infection, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1890.
 Observations on summer-autumn malarial forms, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1890.
 On the transmission of malaria parasites from mother to fetus, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1892.
 Studies on malarial infection; in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1893–94.
 Sur la nature des parasites des fièvres estate-autoninales, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1895.
 Combined sclerosis of the spinal cord in pernicious anemias, 1895–96.
 Cultivation of man’s malarial half-moons in the Anopheles Claviger, in collaboration with Amico Bignami and Giovanni Battista Grassi, 1898.
 On the development of tertian parasites in the Anopheles Claviger, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1898–1899.
 Resoconto degli studi fatti sulla malaria durante il mese di gennaio, in collaboration with Amico Bignami and Giovanni Battista Grassi, 1899.
 Weitere Untersuchungen úber den Lebenslauf der menschlichen Malariaparasiten in Körper des Moskito; in collaboration with Amico Bignami and Giovanni Battista Grassi, 1899.
 Untersuchungen die malaria, in collaboration with Amico Bignami and Giovanni Battista Grassi, 1900.
 Ueber die Structur der Malariaparasiten, insbesondere der Gameten der Parasiten des Aestivoautumnalfieber, in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1900.
 Plasmodium Falciparum; in collaboration with Amico Bignami, 1900.
 Considerations on the treatment of malaria, 1933.
 On the treatment of malaria: Immunity and therapy, 1936.
 Malaria, in Lo Sperimentale, 1941.
 What must be done to prevent and treat malaria in Sanitary Forces, 1941.
 Exo-Erythrocytic forms of malaria parasites, 1948.

References

Bibliography
 Bastianelli Giuseppe, su Treccani, Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
 Bastianelli G., Canalis A., Mosna E., Prevention and Treatment of Malaria by synthetic drugs: Field Experiments, The James Lind Library, 1937/2010.
 Battaglia F., Campofiorito N., Deplano C., Malaria.
 Cardillo M., Bastianelli Giuseppe, 2017.
 Conci, C., Repertorio delle biografie e bibliografie degli scrittori e cultori italiani di entomologia. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana, 817–1069, 1969/1975.
 Conci, C. & Poggi, R., Iconography of Italian entomologists, with essential biographical data, 75 159–382, 418 figures, 1996.
 Caxalis, A. , Lega G., Raffaele, G., [Bastianelli, G.] Rivista di Malariologia, Portrait, 1959.
 Cox, Francis EG, History of the Discovery of the Malaria Parasites and Their Vectors, Parasites & Vectors 3, 2010.
  Garattini, S., Italian controlled trials to assess prevention and treatment of malaria, 1900-1930s. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation, 2018 .
 Howard, L. O., Bastianelli, G. "Smithson. Miscell. Coll", 84 468, 491, 580, 1930.
 Raffaele, G., Bastianelli, G. 20 223–228, 1959.
 Sebastiani, A., I Disturbi Del Ritmo Cardiaco: Prefazione Di Giuseppe Bastianelli, Biblioteca Nazionale Di Firenze, 1924.
 Senato, Scheda Senatore BASTIANELLI Giuseppe.

External links

1862 births
1959 deaths
Physicians from Rome
Italian zoologists
20th-century Italian physicians
Malariologists
Italian tropical physicians


Java Native Access (JNA) is a community-developed library that provides Java programs easy access to native shared libraries without using the Java Native Interface (JNI). JNA's design aims to provide native access in a natural way with a minimum of effort. Unlike JNI, no boilerplate or generated glue code is required.

Architecture
The JNA library uses a small native library called foreign function interface library (libffi) to dynamically invoke native code. The JNA library uses native functions allowing code to load a library by name and retrieve a pointer to a function within that library, and uses libffi library to invoke it, all without static bindings, header files, or any compile phase. The developer uses a Java interface to describe functions and structures in the target native library. This makes it quite easy to take advantage of native platform features without incurring the high development overhead of configuring and building JNI code.

JNA is built and tested on macOS, Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD / OpenBSD, Solaris, Linux, AIX, Windows Mobile, and Android. It is also possible to tweak and recompile the native build configurations to make it work on most other platforms that run Java.

Mapping types
The following table shows an overview of types mapping between Java and native code and supported by the JNA library.

Note: The meaning of  changes between  and  according to some preprocessor definitions.  follows.

Memory byte alignment for data structures
Native libraries have no standardized memory byte alignment flavor. JNA defaults to an OS platform specific setting, that can be overridden by a library specific custom alignment. If the alignment details are not given in the documentation of the native library, the correct alignment must be determined by trial and error during implementation of the Java wrapper.

Example

The following program loads the local C standard library implementation and uses it to call the printf function.

Note: The following code is portable and works the same on Windows and POSIX (Linux / Unix / macOS) platforms.

import com.sun.jna.Library;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.Platform;

/** Simple example of native library declaration and usage. */
public class HelloWorld {
    public interface CLibrary extends Library {
        CLibrary INSTANCE = (CLibrary) Native.loadLibrary(
            (Platform.isWindows() ? "msvcrt" : "c"), CLibrary.class);
        void printf(String format, Object... args);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CLibrary.INSTANCE.printf("Hello, World\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            CLibrary.INSTANCE.printf("Argument %d: %s\n", i, args[i]);
        }
    }
}

The following program loads the C POSIX library and uses it to call the standard mkdir function.

Note: The following code is portable and works the same on POSIX standards platforms.

import com.sun.jna.Library;
import com.sun.jna.Native;

/** Simple example of native C POSIX library declaration and usage. */
public class ExampleOfPOSIX {
    public interface POSIX extends Library {
	    public int chmod(String filename, int mode);
	    public int chown(String filename, int user, int group);
	    public int rename(String oldpath, String newpath);
	    public int kill(int pid, int signal);
	    public int link(String oldpath, String newpath);
	    public int mkdir(String path, int mode);
	    public int rmdir(String path);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // It is possible to load msvcrt for its partial POSIX support on Windows...
        POSIX posix = (POSIX) Native.loadLibrary("c", POSIX.class);
        // but it will still fail on Windows due to /tmp being missing.
	    posix.mkdir("/tmp/newdir", 0777);
	    posix.rename("/tmp/newdir","/tmp/renamedir");
    }
}

The program below loads the Kernel32.dll and uses it to call the Beep and Sleep functions.

Note: The following code works only on Windows platforms.
import com.sun.jna.Library;
import com.sun.jna.Native;

/** Simple example of Windows native library declaration and usage. */
public class BeepExample {
    public interface Kernel32 extends Library {
        // FREQUENCY is expressed in hertz and ranges from 37 to 32767
        // DURATION is expressed in milliseconds
        public boolean Beep(int FREQUENCY, int DURATION);
        public void Sleep(int DURATION);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
	    Kernel32 lib = (Kernel32) Native.loadLibrary("kernel32", Kernel32.class);
	    lib.Beep(698, 500);
	    lib.Sleep(500);
	    lib.Beep(698, 500);
    }
}

Performance
Benchmarks show JNA averages ten times slower than JNI.

Alternatives
Several alternatives are emerging. The tradeoff between easy to implement the code and runtime speed should be considered when evaluating these software development tools. The addition of third party dependent libraries that must be redistributed and updated is another factor in the decision of which tool to use. The Technology readiness level should also be considered.

See also

 JNAerator
 P/Invoke
 SWIG

References

External links
 Java Native Access Web Page
 Java Native Access - Download page
 Java Native Access - User Mailing List

Java platform


The nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD) is also known as thermionic specific detector (TSD) is a detector commonly used with gas chromatography, in which thermal energy is used to ionize an analyte. It is a type of flame thermionic detector (FTD), the other being the alkali flame-ionization detector (AFID also known as AFD).

With this method, nitrogen and phosphorus can be selectively detected with a sensitivity that is 104 times greater than that for carbon.

NP-Mode
A concentration of hydrogen gas is used such that it is just below the minimum required for ignition. A rubidium or cesium bead, which is mounted over the nozzle, ignites the hydrogen (by acting catalytically), and forms a cold plasma. Excitation of the alkali metal results in ejection of electrons, which in turn are detected as a current flow between an anode and cathode in the chamber. As  nitrogen or phosphorus analytes exit the column, they cause a reduction in the work function of the metal bead, resulting in an increase in current.  Since the alkali metal bead is consumed over time, it must be replaced regularly .

See also
 Gas chromatography

External links

Gas chromatography


Allainville is the name of the following communes in France:

 Allainville, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir department
 Allainville, Yvelines, in the Yvelines department


Desitively Bonnaroo is a 1974 album by the New Orleans rhythm and blues musician Dr. John. The album was produced by Allen Toussaint  and features sizable musical support from The Meters. The album mines the territory featured on his previous album In The Right Place. This album spent eight weeks on the Billboard 200 charts, peaking at #105 on June 1, 1974.

The Bonnaroo Music Festival was named after the album title, after the festival's founders looked through old albums for inspiration. Bonnaroo is derived from French bonne /bɔn/, the feminine form of bon /bɔ̃/ meaning "good," and French rue /ry/ meaning "street," translating roughly to "the best on the streets."

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians
 Dr John – guitar, piano, sound effects, vocals
 Allen Toussaint – keyboards, percussion, arrangements, background vocals

The Meters
 Leo Nocentelli – guitar
 Art Neville – keyboards, organ
 George Porter Jr. – bass
 Joseph "Ziggy" Modeliste – drums

Additional musicians
 Gary Brown – alto, soprano & tenor saxophone
 Mark Colby – clarinet, tenor saxophone,
 Whit Sidener – baritone & alto saxophone
 Peter Graves – trombone
 Kenneth Faulk – trumpet, flugelhorn
 Robbie Montgomery, Jessie Smith – background vocals

Technical
 Allen Toussaint – producer
 Karl Richardson – engineer
 Ken Laxton, Roberta Grace – remix engineers
 George Piros – mastering engineer
 Larry Summers – design
 Bob Nall – illustration

References

Dr. John albums
1974 albums
Atco Records albums
Albums produced by Allen Toussaint
Rock-and-roll albums


Amilly is the name of the following communes in France:

 Amilly, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir department
 Amilly, Loiret, in the Loiret department


Vias (; ) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

It is a popular holiday destination, with many camp and caravan sites. Near Vias, the Canal du midi crosses the river Libron, an interesting historic engineering work. Vias station has rail connections to Narbonne, Montpellier and Avignon.

Population

Energy
Around 17% of the commune's electricity is provided by local solar power installations.

See also
Communes of the Hérault department

References

External links

 Vias tourism
 Vias town

Communes of Hérault


Ancerville is the name of the following communes in France:

 Ancerville, Meuse, in the Meuse department
 Ancerville, Moselle, in the Moselle department


Repulsar is a ZX Spectrum video game programmed by Andrew Beale and published by Softek in 1983. It is a clone of the 1980 Atari, Inc. arcade game Missile Command.

Reception
"This is Softek’s version of missile defence and it is a close copy of the original. Its graphics are nowhere near as good as Ocean’s ‘Armageddon’. On the other hand, it does have the extra feature of plenty of enemy planes buzzing around to destroy as well as the missiles, themselves and the explosions are satisfactory. It is also faster to play than Ocean's version, but somehow less fun"

References

External links

1983 video games
Europe-exclusive video games
Shoot 'em ups
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
ZX Spectrum-only games


Anché is the name of the following communes in France:

 Anché, Indre-et-Loire, in the Indre-et-Loir department
 Anché, Vienne, in the Vienne department


Antonio María Cascajares y Azara (2 March 1834 – 27 July 1901) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal, archbishop of Valladolid and archbishop-elect of Zaragoza.

Biography
He was born in Calanda, Teruel Province, Aragon. He joined the military in 1846 and retired with the rank of captain in 1857, to follow his ecclesiastical studies leading to a licentiate in theology and canon law. He was ordained priest in 1861. He served  in Zaragoza, Toledo and Burgos. He was elected titular bishop of Dora and named prelate of Ciudad Real on 27 March 1882. He transferred to the see of Calahorra y La Calzada on 27 March 1884 and was promoted to the metropolitan see of Valladolid on 17 December 1891.

Pope Leo XIII created him cardinal priest in the consistory on 29 November 1895, with the title of Sant'Eusebio. He opted for the title of Sant'Agostino on 24 March 1898. He was elected archbishop of Zaragoza on 18 April 1901 but he died (before taking possession of the see) on 27 July 1901 in Calahorra. He was buried in Calanda - his birthplace.

Footnotes

External links
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary
Catholic Hierarchy data for this cardinal

1834 births
1901 deaths
People from Calanda
19th-century Spanish cardinals
Archbishops of Zaragoza
20th-century Spanish cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII


William Houstoun may refer to:

William Houstoun (botanist) (1695–1733), British surgeon and botanist
William Houston (1746–1748), American teacher and statesman
William Houstoun (lawyer) (1755–1813), American lawyer, Continental Congressman for Georgia
Sir William Houstoun, 1st Baronet (1766–1842), British army officer, Governor of Gibraltar


Henrique José Pedro Maria Carlos Luis Oswald (April 14, 1852 – June 9, 1931) was a Brazilian composer and pianist.

Biography
Oswald was born in Rio de Janeiro. His father was a Swiss-German immigrant and his mother from Italy. The family name was changed from "Oschwald" due to concerns of discrimination. In 1854 the Oswald family moved to São Paulo. His mother taught music privately to aristocrats and by age twelve he had his first recital. In São Paulo, he also studied with Gabriel Guiraudon. His "farewell recital" occurred at age 16, after this he went to study in Europe.

He studied in Europe then spent several years in Florence. In 1902 he won a piano composition competition sponsored by Le Figaro with a piece Il neige!.. ("It's snowing!"). He then left his family in Europe (they moved to Brazil much later) and from 1903 to 1906 directed the Instituto Nacional de Música in Rio de Janeiro. He also served as Brazilian consul in both The Hague and Genoa.

He died in 1931, just several days after his birthday festivities.

Works

Oswald's best-known compositions today are numerous small pieces for piano (usually arranged by him into small collections). However, he was a prolific composer of chamber music: his list includes a violin sonata, 2 cello sonatas (Op. 21 and Op. 44), 3 piano trios, 2 piano quartets (Op. 5 and Op. 26), a piano quintet (Op. 18), 4 string quartets (Op. 16, Op. 17, Op. 39, Op. 46) and a string octet. For orchestra he wrote a suite, a sinfonietta and a symphony. There are also two concertos by him, one for piano, another for violin. Concerning vocal music, he composed three operas (La Croce d’oro, Il Neo and Le Fate), a mass and a requiem. By the time of his death, his major works remained unpublished, a fact that contributed much to the neglect of his for half a century.

His work fell into disfavor after the "Semana de Arte Moderna" manifesto, but has experienced something of a revival recently. In late 1970s Brazilian musician José Eduardo Martins began his struggle to revive Oswald's output. In the last 30 years he published some compositions of him and recorded many of his major works along with piano miniatures. Among his recordings is Oswald's Piano Concerto in an originally arranged chamber version (piano with string quintet). Another Oswald pioneer is pianist Eduardo Monteiro, whose thesis was dedicated to this composer. He recorded some works of him, most notably the Andante and Variations for piano and orchestra in a performing version prepared by the pianist himself. In Europe Oswald is known much less. A CD of his piano works was issued in 1995 by Marco Polo. It was followed in 2014 and 2015 by a Naxos and a Grand Piano CDs. His Piano Concerto was recorded for Hyperion's Romantic Piano Concerto series (Vol. 64, paired with one by Alfredo Napoleão). A good part of Oswald's chamber music was collected in one CD set for the first time by ArsBrasil ensemble.

Discography
 (1958/1969) Henrique Oswald: Sinfonia, op. 43 – Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, Edoardo de Guarnieri – Festa IG 79,021 / LDR-5.016 (LP)
 (2009) Available for digital download from Tratore
 (1964) Henrique Oswald: Quinteto em Dó Maior opus 18; Oscar Lorenzo Fernández: Trio Brasileiro opus 32 – Conjunto de Música de Câmara de São Paulo: Fritz Jank (piano), Gino Alfonsi (violin I), Alexandre Schauffmann (violin II), Johannes Oelsner (viola), Calixto Corazza (cello) – Chantecler Internacional CMG 1024 (LP)
 (2003?) Reissued on CD: Grandes pianistas brasileiros, Vol. 11: Fritz Jank (includes also Paulistanas by Cláudio Santoro) – MCD World Music MC 022 (CD)
 (1971) Heitor Villa-Lobos: Quarteto No. 16; Henrique Oswald: Quarteto Brasileiro – Quarteto Brasileiro da UFRJ – CBS 160174 (LP)
 Reissued on CD: Boccherini, Siquera, Henrique Oswald, Villa-Lobos – Quarteto Brasileiro da UFRJ – ? (CD)
 (1979) Documentos da Música Brasileira, Vol. 5: Henrique Oswald: Trio Op. 45; Bruno Kiefer: Trio – Trio Da Rádio MEC: Anselmo Zlatopolsky (violin), Iberê Gomes Grosso (cello), Alceo Bocchino (piano) –  Promemus 356-404-001 (LP, issue of an earlier archive recording)
 (1979) Documentos da Música Brasileira, Vol. 11: Honorina Silva Interpreta Henrique Oswald – Honorina Silva (piano) – Promemus 356.404.013 (LP, issue of an earlier archive recording)
 (1979) Henrique Oswald (Il Neige!, Valse op. 25 n° 1, Noturno op. 14 nº 5, Berceuse, Scherzo-Étude), Claude Debussy (Danse Bohèmienne, Danse, D’un Cahier d’Esquises, Page d’Album, Masques, L’isle Joyeuse) e Tsuna Iwami (Algo Sutil e Profundo, Idade Madura, O Mar) – José Eduardo Martins (piano) – (LP)
 (1983) Henrique Oswald: Integral para violoncelo e piano; obras para piano solo – Antônio del Claro (cello), José Eduardo Martins (piano) – Funarte 3.56.502.001 (2 LPs)
 (1984) Henrique Oswald: Música de câmara Vol. 1: Quinteto para piano e cordas op. 18, Quarteto para cordas op. 46 – Elias Slon (violin I), Jorge Salim (violin II), Michel Verebes (viola), Kim Cook (cello), José Eduardo Martins (piano) – BASF 004 (LP)
 (1988) Henrique Oswald: Trio em Sol menor op. 9; Sonata em Mi maior op. 36 – Elisa Fukuda (violin), Antônio del Claro (cello), José Eduardo Martins (piano) – Funarte, Promemus MMB 88.057-1988 (LP)
 (ca.1999) Reissued on CD: Acervo Funarte da Música Brasileira: Henrique Oswald – Atração Fonográfica ATR32046 (CD)
 (1995) Henrique Oswald: [Complete] Music for violin and piano – Paul Klinck (violin), José Eduardo Martins (piano) – PKP Produkties PKP 007 (CD)
 (1995) Henrique Oswald: Piano music – Maria Inês Guimarães (piano) – Marco Polo 8.223639 (CD)
 (1999) Brasil 500: Henrique Oswald [Quinteto op. 18]; Luís de Freitas Branco [Quarteto] – Luiz de Moura Castro (piano), Quarteto de Brasília: Ludmila Vinecka (violin I), Claudio Cohen, (violin II), Glesse Collet (viola), Guerra Vicente (cello) – no label (CD)
 (2001) Henrique Oswald: Música de câmara para violoncelo e piano: Berceuse; Elegia; Sonata op. 21; Sonata-Fantasia op. 44 – duoCERVALI: Milene Aliverti (cello) and Lucia Cervini (piano) – Apoio FAPESP (CD, uncommercial)
 (2001) Violin music in Brazil: Villa-Lobos, Krieger, Oswaldo [Violin Sonata, Op. 36], Miranda – Claudio Cruz (violin), Nahim Marun (piano) – Dynamic CDS354 (CD)
 (2003) Leopoldo Miguez: Suíte à Antiga, Op. 25 etc.; Henrique Oswald: En rêve; Andante con variazioni for piano and orchestra – Eduardo Monteiro, Orquestra Sinfónica da Escola de Música da UFRJ, André Cardoso – UFRJ Música  (CD)
 (2003) Henrique Oswald: Quarteto para piano e cordas op. 26, Sonata-Fantasia para violoncelo e piano op. 44, Concerto para piano e orquestra op. 10 (em versão para piano e quinteto de cordas realizada pelo autor) – Quarteto Rubio, Pascal Smets (double bass), José Eduardo Martins (piano) – Música de Concerto MC004 (CD)
 (2006) Henrique Oswald, Alberto Nepomuceno: Música Sacra [Oswald's Missa de Réquiem, 6 motets] – , Julio Moretzsohn – Rádio MEC rm 00026 (CD)
 (2010) O Piano Intimista de Henrique Oswald (Machiette op. 2; Variações sobre um tema de Barrozo Netto; Tre Piccoli Pezzi; Berceuse - à mia carissima madre; Estudo-Scherzo; Étude pour la main gauche; Six Morceaux op. 4; Polonaise op. 34 no. 1) – José Eduardo Martins (piano) – ABM Digital RF00124 (CD)
 (2010/2011) Henrique Oswald: Música de câmara (Integral dos quartetos de cordas; Integral dos quartetos com piano; Quinteto com piano Op. 18; Trio com piano Op. 45; Sonata-Fantasia Op. 44; Elegia para cello e piano) – ArsBrasil (violin: Artur Roberto Huf, Samuel Lima; viola: André Rodrigues, Valdeci Merquiori; cello: Gêneses Oliveira, Mauro Brucoli, Renato Oliveira), Fernando Lopes (piano) – Ariah Cultural  (3 CDs)
 (2011) Henrique Oswald: Trio em sol menor, Opus 9; Anton Arensky: Trio em ré menor, Opus 32 – Trio Brandão-Kiun: Maria Ester Brandão (violin), Maria Alice Brandão (cello), Olga Kiun (piano) – no label TBK001 (CD)
 (2013) Brasilianische Kammermusik: Oswald [Piano trio Op. 28; Sonatina for piano trio], Nepomuceno, Mignone, Camargo Guarnieri, Gallet – Katharina Uhde (violin), Tatjana Uhde (cello), Michael Uhde (piano) – no label (CD)
 (2013) Henrique Oswald: Música de câmara (Quinteto para piano e cordas, op. 18; Quarteto para piano e cordas, op. 26; Piccolo trio para violino, violoncelo e piano; Elegia para violoncelo e piano; Canto elegíaco para violino e piano) – Eduardo Monteiro (piano), Betina Stegmann (violin), Nelson Rios (violin), Marcelo Jaffé (viola), Robert Suetholz (cello) – LAMI 012 (CD)
 (2013) Henrique Oswald: Piano music – Bras Velloso (piano) – Naxos 9.70200 (CD)
 (2014) Henrique Oswald: Quarteto com piano, op. 26; Quinteto com piano, op. 18 – Ricardo Castro (piano), Quarteto OSESP: Emmanuele Baldini (violin), Davi Graton (violin), Peter Pas (viola, Quarteto), Cláudio Cruz (viola, Quinteto), Johannes Gramsch (cello) – OSESP Selo Digital 6 (digital release)
 (2014) The Romantic Piano Concerto, Vol. 64: Henrique Oswald & Alfredo Napoleão: Piano concertos – Artur Pizarro, BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Martyn Brabbins – Hyperion CDA67984 (CD)
 (2015) Henrique Oswald: Piano works – Sergio Monteiro (piano) – Grand Piano GP682 (CD)
 (2015) Metamorfora: Works for double bass and piano (Boccherini, Sallinen, Beethoven, Oswald [Cello Sonata, Op. 21, transposed to E minor], Proto) – Marcos Machado (double bass), Ney Fialkow (piano) – Blue Griffin BGR369  (CD)
 (2016) Miniaturas de Oswald – Nahim Marun (piano) – no label (distrib. Tratore) RTM003 (CD)

References

External links

 Biographical website in Portuguese
 Incomplete discography of piano works
 Eduardo Monteiro 2011: “Por uma nova contextualização da obra de Henrique Oswald”, REVISTA DA ANPPOM (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Música) Vol 17, No 2, Dezembro, pp 9 – 42. http://www.anppom.com.br/opus/data/issues/archive/17.2/files/OPUS_17_2_full.pdf (Abstract in English)

1852 births
1931 deaths
19th-century classical composers
20th-century classical composers
Brazilian classical composers
Brazilian male composers
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Brazilian people of Swiss-German descent
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Romantic composers
Male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
19th-century male musicians


The "Golden Age" of cricket is a nostalgic term that has often been applied in cricket literature to the period in English cricket from 1890, the opening season of the official County Championship, to the outbreak of World War I which occurred just before the scheduled end of the 1914 season. The term has also gained currency in Australian cricket of the same period and in America in reference to the Philadelphian cricket team.

Nostalgia
The period became infused with a nostalgic yearning, ostensibly because the teams played cricket according to "the spirit of the game". More poignantly, the nostalgia was due to the loss of life in the Great War and a hankering for those happier times before the war's outbreak. A number of first-class cricketers were killed or wounded during the war, the deaths including eight Test players: Colin Blythe, Major Booth and Kenneth Hutchings of England; Tibby Cotter of Australia; Reginald Hands, Bill Lundie, Reggie Schwarz and Gordon White of South Africa. The war years also saw the deaths of W. G. Grace and Victor Trumper, who both succumbed to illness in 1915.

Cricket of the period did feature numerous great names such as Grace, Trumper, Blythe, Wilfred Rhodes, Jack Hobbs, C. B. Fry, Ranjitsinhji and Frank Woolley, but that in itself is not unique as any period in cricket history can boast its great players. As David Frith pointed out, the nostalgia "needed someone to put a perspective on it". In his 1939 autobiography, Fry wrote: "I have a notion that the cricket of the nineties and early nineteen hundreds was more amusing to watch, but I am not at all sure that the game of today is not more difficult to play".

In Australia
In Australian cricket, the period is also considered a golden age. Cricket writer Jack Pollard wrote: "The golden age of cricket has always been regarded as the period between 1890 and 1914. For in all those years all the skills of the game flowered and an unprecedented array of great batsman and bowlers delighted informed and appreciative galleries. More importantly the players of that time set standards for sportsmanship that lifted cricket above other games and established it as a character-builder and an integral part of the social scene".

Writer Gideon Haigh said of Australian batsman Victor Trumper: "If it is possible for a cricketer to be their period, rather than merely part of it, then Trumper is the "Golden Age" of cricket. In the gaiety and gallantry of his strokeplay, the charm of his personality, even in his frailty, transience and suddenness of death, Trumper personifies what we understand as the values and nature of his time".

Test cricket
Test cricket between England and Australia was well established by the time the Australians visited England in the 1890 season. The two countries played 15 series between 1890 and 1914 including the 1912 Triangular Tournament, in which South Africa took part. It was during the "Golden Age" that Test cricket first achieved its hegemony over other forms of first-class cricket.

England's captains against Australia were W. G. Grace, Andrew Stoddart, Archie MacLaren, Plum Warner, Stanley Jackson, A. O. Jones, Frederick Fane, Johnny Douglas, and C. B. Fry. Australia's captains against England were Billy Murdoch, Jack Blackham, George Giffen, Harry Trott, Joe Darling, Hugh Trumble, Monty Noble, Clem Hill and Syd Gregory.

South Africa had played their first Test in 1888–89, but initially they were very weak; up to 1898–99 they had played eight Tests against England and lost them all. They played Australia for the first time in 1902–03 and had the limited satisfaction of avoiding defeat in one of the three matches. However, in 1905–06, they won a series against England by four matches to one, thanks partly to the emergence of four googly bowlers: Reggie Schwarz, Bert Vogler, Aubrey Faulkner, and Gordon White. Schwarz had learnt how to bowl the googly from its originator, Bernard Bosanquet, while in England and had passed on the secret to the others. On South Africa's next tour of England, in 1907, they narrowly lost the Test series one-nil with two matches drawn, but in 1909-10 won by three matches to two. After that, however, their results declined, although the 1910–11 series in Australia was competitive.

Philadelphian cricket
The period also saw the brief flowering of Philadelphian cricket. Three tours were undertaken to England during which the side played on level terms with the leading counties. The Philadelphians played ten first-class games on their final tour in 1908, winning four and losing six. This tour was notable for the outstanding bowling of Bart King, who took 87 wickets and topped the England bowling averages with 11.01 runs per wicket. This was not bettered until 1958 when Les Jackson of Derbyshire posted an average of 10.99.

See also
 History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900
 History of Test cricket from 1901 to 1914

References

Cricket
English cricket in the 19th century
English cricket in the 20th century
Australian cricket in the 19th century
Australian cricket in the 20th century


The Great Leap () is Taiwanese Mandopop singer-songwriter David Tao's fourth Mandarin studio album. It was released on 10 January 2005 by EMI Music Taiwan.

The track "Susan 說" (Susan Said) was nominated for Top 10 Gold Songs at the Hong Kong TVB8 Awards, presented by television station TVB8, in 2005.

The album was awarded one of the Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year at the 2005 IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI.

Track listing

References

External links
  David Tao@Gold Typhoon formerly EMI Music Taiwan

2005 albums
David Tao albums
Gold Typhoon Taiwan albums


G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki (, ) is a Greek professional basketball team that is located in Thessaloniki. It serves as the senior men's basketball section of the multi-sport club of G.S. Iraklis. Iraklis currently plays in the second-tier level Greek A2 Basket League.

The team's colors are blue and white. Iraklis won the Greek National Championship in 1928 and 1935, and has also reached the Greek Cup final three times. Some of the greatest players in Greek, European and worldwide basketball have played for Iraklis over the years including: Lefteris Kakiousis, Jure Zdovc, James Donaldson, Walter Berry, Xavier McDaniel, Roy Tarpley, Nikos Chatzivrettas, Vasily Karasev, Lazaros Papadopoulos, Dimitris Diamantidis and Sofoklis Schortsanitis.

History
The Iraklis parent athletic club was founded in 1908, and initially featured football. The club was named after Heracles (or Hercules), the mythical Greek demigod. The basketball team of Iraklis was established in 1921.

Iraklis won the inaugural Greek League championship in 1928. To win the championship, Iraklis had to eliminate AEK Athens and Near East, before beating VAO in the championship game. The team won its second Greek championship in 1935. Also in the team's history, three times Iraklis finished in second place in the Greek Championship (1936, 1962, and 1964), three times Iraklis has been a Greek Cup Finalist (1981, 1994, and 1996), and two times Iraklis made it to the semifinals of the European 2nd-tier level league Cup Winners' Cup.

Iraklis reached the semifinals of the 1994–95 FIBA European Cup, where they competed against Taugrés. Iraklis won the first game 79–78, but lost the next two games, to be eliminated 2–1 in a best of three series. In 1996, an Iraklis team led by former NBA players Xavier McDaniel and Roy Tarpley, reached the Greek Cup Final Four. By beating Apollon Patras in the semifinal, Iraklis reached the final, where it then lost 85–74 to Panathinaikos. Iraklis has also twice competed in the top European continental competitions. The club played in the European top-tier level European Champions' Cup in the 1995–96 season, and also competed in the FIBA SuproLeague during the 2000–01 season.

Recent history (2005-present)
In 2006, Iraklis was relegated to the Greek A2 Basket League, after finishing 13th in the first-tier Greek League. In 2010, after four seasons in the second-tier level Greek League, the team was promoted back up to the top-tier Greek Basket League. After one season in the Greek top-tier level, Iraklis was again relegated down to the A2, with two matches left in the season. At the end of the season, Iraklis chose to play in the third-tier level of Greek basketball, the Greek B Basket League, in order to clear its debts. The club was promoted to the Greek A2 Basket League in 2013, after finishing 2nd in its group, and after Peristeri failed to receive financial clearance to participate in the league.

In the 2018–19 season, Iraklis won the promotion playoffs of the Greek A2 League, and was promoted up to the top level Greek Basket League, for the first time in 8 years. During the 2019–20 season, Iraklis is taking part in the Greek Basket League organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation. The season started in October 2019 and was scheduled to end in June 2020. However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the championship was terminated earlier. Iraklis took the 7th place with 29 points, having 9 wins and 11 losses in a total of 20 games. In the 2020–21 season, Iraklis returned to European competitions, taking part in the qualifying round of the Basketball Champions League and later on in the 2020–21 FIBA Europe Cup where the club reached the Top16 round having 3 wins and 1 loss. In the 2020–21 season Iraklis took the 10th place with 29 points, having 7 wins and 15 losses in a total of 22 games.

In European-wide competitions

Honours and titles

European competitions
 FIBA Saporta Cup
 Semifinalists (2): 1994–95, 1996-97

Domestic competitions

 Greek League
 Champions (2): 1927–28, 1934–35
 Runners-up (3): 1935–36, 1961–62, 1963–64
 Greek Cup
 Runners-up (3): 1980–81, 1993–94, 1995–96
 Greek Second Division
 Champions (2): 1974–75, 1977–78

Home arena

In earlier times, Iraklis played its home games at the Thessaloniki Forum. Iraklis currently plays its home games in the Ivanofeio Sports Arena, an arena with a seating capacity of 2,500. The arena opened in 1987, and it was expanded to its current capacity in 1991. Ivanofeio is situated in the Thessaloniki city center, and it is owned by the GS Iraklis multi-sport club.

Supporters
The most prominent supporters' club of the team is Aftonomi Thira 10 (meaning Autonomous Gate 10), a fan club with a total of 15 branches in Northern Greece. The fan club is known for holding an antiracist stance, as it participates in the Ultras Antiracist Festival. Other activities of the fan club include the publication of a magazine, and the conducting of an annual festival. Other minor supporters' clubs are SFISE, Blue Boys, A.P.A.T.S.I., and Iraklis Fan Club of Athens. In a 2013 opinion poll, Iraklis was ranked as the 6th most popular basketball club in Greece, gathering 2.8% of the participating supporters' votes.

Players

Current roster

Depth chart

Notable players

  David Ancrum (1987–92)
  Vangelis Angelou (1995–96)
  Walter Berry (1994–95)
  Roderick Blakney (2001–02)
  Steve Burtt Sr. (1995)
  Steve Bucknall (1996–98, 2002–04)
  Nikos Chatzivrettas (1997–02)
  Dimitris Diamantidis (1999–04)
  Byron Dinkins (1998–00)
  James Donaldson (1993–94)
  Toney Douglas (2021–22)
  Justin Hamilton (2004–05)
  Olivier Hanlan (2019–21)
  Savvas Iliadis (2002–05, 2011)
  Buck Johnson (1998–00)
  Lefteris Kakiousis  (1987–97)
  Dimitris Kalaitzidis (2002–05, 2016–20)
  Georgios Karagkoutis (2000–02)
  Vasily Karasev (2000–01)
  Takis Karatzoulidis (1971–85)
  Manthos Katsoulis (1990–93)
  Vassilis Kavvadas (2019–21)
  Xavier McDaniel (1995–96)
  Erik Meek (1996–97, 2001–02)
  Igor Milošević (2003–05)
  Aristeidis Moumoglou (1960–67, 1970–72)
  Dimitris Papadopoulos (1985–94)
  Lazaros Papadopoulos (1996–01, 2003–04)
  Michalis Polytarchou (2018–19)
  Vladimir Petrović-Stergiou (2009–11)
  Sotiris Sakellariou  (1971–84)
  Sofoklis Schortsanitis (2000–03)
  Charles Smith (1997)
  Nikos Stavropoulos (1992–94)
  Roy Tarpley (1996)
  Christos Tsekos (1986–92)
  Jure Zdovc (1993–96)

Head coaches

See also

Basketball in Greece
List of basketball clubs in Greece
Greek basketball clubs in European competitions
List of basketball clubs in Greece by major honours won
Thessaloniki Forum

References

External links

Official websites
 G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki (Men's Basketball)
 G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki
 IRA Store
 Eurobasket.com Team Profile

Iraklis Thessaloniki
Iraklis Thessaloniki B.C.
Basketball teams established in 1924
Basketball teams in Greece


Chicago Metro can refer to:

Chicago metropolitan area
Chicago 'L', the rapid transit system in Chicago
Metro Chicago, a music venue


Codmore Hill is a hamlet in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A29 road 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Pulborough. It is in the civil parish of Sutton.

External links

Horsham District
Villages in West Sussex


Ron Rubin (born May 12, 1959) is a Canadian veteran voice actor and writer whose credits include X-Men (Morph), Avengers (The Vision), C.O.P.S. (Dr Badvibes), Police Academy (Carey Mahoney), Beetlejuice (Doom Buggy), Stickin' Around (Mr. Lederhosen), and Care Bears (Messy Bear). His voice is most easily recognized as Tark from Kratt’s Creatures as well as that of Artemis from the English translation of Sailor Moon.

Rubin also worked as a grip on Wild Kratts and as a writer for Fame, Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show, and Palmerstown U.S.A. He was personal assistant to Lewis Arquette and an extra on ALF in the year 1985. He is godfather to Martin Kratt’s son Gavin. Emergency contact and power of attorney for voiceover star Heather Bambrick. He was the executive in charge of the American documentary series The American Experience.

Filmography
 Artemis in the DiC/Cloverway English dub of Sailor Moon
 Sgt. Slipper in the US version of Dennis the Menace
 Messy Bear in 2005's The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie
 Dr. Badvibes in the popular 1980s cartoon C.O.P.S.
 Ttark on the PBS show Kratts' Creatures
 Kaptain Skurvy and Junior the Klaptrap on Donkey Kong Country
 Bot-ler ("Olie's Bot-ler"), Lunchbox, and Announcer ("Lunchmaster 3000") on Rolie Polie Olie
 Germs Pondscum in Beetlejuice
 Robo Fuzz in Monster by Mistake
 Carey Mahoney in the animated Police Academy series
 Various characters in Arthur, Angela Anaconda, Ned's Newt, Rolie Polie Olie, ProStars, Free Willy, Anatole, The Rosey and Buddy Show, Committed, Little Bear, Tales from the Cryptkeeper, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, Mischief City, Hammerman, Roboroach, Clifford's Fun with Letters, Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, AlfTales, Highlander: The Animated Series, Dog City, Knights of Zodiac, Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse,Tiny Toon Adventures, Corduroy, Redwall, Bad Dog, Dinosaucers, Timothy Goes to School, The Neverending Story, Bob and Margaret, Blazing Dragons, Freaky Stories, Rupert, Card Captors, Braceface, Jacob Two-Two, Redwall, Cadillacs and Dinosaurs, WildC.A.T.S., Sam and Max: Freelance Police, Rescue Heroes, Babar, Pelswick, Hello Kitty and Friends, Keroppi and Friends, Little People: Big Discoveries, Hippo Tub Company, Beyblade, Watership Down, Traffix, Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist, Pecola, ALF: The Animated Series, Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Mini-Man, Stories From My Childhood, George Shrinks, The Berenstain Bears, Grossology, Maggie and the Ferocious Beast, Little Rosey, Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors, Beverly Hills Teens, Maxie's World, Skatoony, Flash Gordon, Don Martin's MAD Magazine, Silver Surfer, Starcom: The U.S. Space Force, Moville Mysteries, King, The Count of Monte Cristo, Quads!, Medabots, Birdz, Franklin, Eckhart, My Dad the Rock Star, Undergrads, Girlstuff/Boystuff, Power Stone, 6teen, Cyberchase, The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, The Magic School Bus, Mythic Warriors: Guardians of the Legend, Blaster's Universe, Mr Men and Little Miss, Pippi Longstocking, My Pet Monster, The Adventures of Tintin, Ultraforce, Slam Dunk, Power Stone, Jane and the Dragon, Wayside, Little Shop, The New Archies, Sylvanian Families, Interlude, Air Master, Noddy, Growing Up Creepie, The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3, Puppets Who Kill, Dumb Bunnies, Pandalian, What It's Like Being Alone, Delilah and Julius, Iggy Arbuckle, Chilly Beach, Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends, Toot and Puddle, Super Why!, The Future Is Wild, Magi-Nation, Captain Flamingo, Anne of Green Gables, Wilbur, Bedtime Primetime Classics, The Wumblers, Spider Riders, Miss BG, Busytown Mysteries, Ruby Gloom, Funpak, Gerald McBoing Boing, Turbo Dogs, Monster Force, Spliced, Kassai and Leuk, Clifford's Fun with Numbers, Scaredy Squirrel, Franny's Feet, Willa's Wild Life, Jimmy Two-Shoes, The Manly Bee, The Amazing Spiez!, Get Ed, Diabolik, Uncle Joe's Cartoon Playhouse, Boom Unit, The Giggle Factory, Carl Squared and The Ripping Friends
 On Camera Guest appearances in Top Cops, The Emergency Room, Secret Service, Variety Tonight, Inside Stories, Comedy Club (TV Series), It's Only Rock 'n' Roll, Frances Farmer Story, Casby Awards, An Evening with the Arts and Young Again
 Trike in Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs
 The Vision in The Avengers: United They Stand
 Quacker's duck noises in Piggsburg Pigs
 Airball and Slyme in Stunt Dawgs
 Tanzog in Time Warp Trio
 Sprog in Atomic Betty
 Teenage guy in Young Again
 Glenn Miller in The Last Convertible
 Wayne in one episode of Katts and Dog
 Boogeyman and Brother Herman in Yin Yang Yo!
 Theo and Pico the parrot in the 1995 video game Laura's Happy Adventures
 The Comic in Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
 Manny in Totally Spies!
 Frenzel in Erky Perky
 Bat in Peep and the Big Wide World
 Jason McNulty in The Accuser
ladybug in Almost Naked Animals
 Raticus and Rod in Flying Rhino Junior High
 Morph in X-Men
 Flinch in Di-Gata Defenders
 Mr. Lederhosen in Stickin' Around
 Himself in Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show Season 3 (Soap Box Derby) and Season 4 (Radio Show)
 Dr. Phelmholz in The ZhuZhus
 Master XOX in Sidekick
 The Blegh in Big Blue

External links

Living people
Canadian male voice actors
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
1959 births


Ron Rubin is the name of:
Ron Rubin (voice actor) (born 1959), Canadian voice actor
Ron Rubin (bridge) (born 1948), American bridge player


Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Ovchinnikov (; 29 May 1936 in Voronezh, Soviet Union – 4 February 2019 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet and Russian composer.

Biography
He began composing at age 9 and entered the Moscow Conservatory at 15. Later he studied with Tikhon Khrennikov and Leo Ginzburg. He composed symphonies, symphonic poems, as well as works for chamber orchestra, small ensembles and solo instruments.

Outside his native country he is best known as a composer of music for such films as War and Peace, the 1966–67 film directed by Sergei Bondarchuk, Ivan's Childhood and Andrei Rublev for Andrei Tarkovsky. He has composed for some 40 films in total. Tarkovsky is said to have been so impressed by Ovchinnikov that he stated: "I cannot imagine a better composer for myself than Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov."

Ovchinnikov also had a successful career as a touring conductor from the 1970s. He has recorded for Melodiya, the Russian record company. His Symphony No. 2 was released on the Melodiya label.

Ovchinnikov was named a People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1986. For the 60th birthday (1992) of Queen Sirikit of Thailand, he was commissioned to compose The Bouquet for the Queen. For that work he was awarded the Order of the White Elephant. He was also a professor at the University of Kansas from 1990 to 1991.

Compositions

Orchestral

 1955-57: Symphony No. 1
 1955-57:  Six Symphonic Suites (for full orchestra)
 1956: Symphony No. 2, Yuri Gagarin (symphonic poem, dedicated to Yuri Gagarin, rev. 1972–73)
 1964: Symphony No. 3
 1986: Symphony No. 4 for Chorus and Orchestra
 1991: Symphony No. 5

Opera

 1974-78: On the Dawn of the Misty Youth

Ballet

 1962: Sulamith
 1988: Song of Songs
 Song of Spring Thaw
 Dedication (One act, collaboration with V.Kicta [?])

For piano

 Suite No. 1 (for piano)
 Suite No. 2 (for piano, four hands)

Choral music

 2015: Elegy in Memory of Rachmaninoff, for Soprano, Chorus, and Orchestra (Written for the 100th Anniversary of Sergei Rachmaninoff Concert)
There is Sky Lighted Edge, for a-capella Chorus (words by A. Block)
Vocaliz, for a-capella Chorus
Little Ballade, for a-capella Chorus (words by R. Burns)
Singing for You, for a-capella Chorus
Be Famed, Native Land, for Chorus and Orchestra (words by L.Vasilieva)
Wind brought from Afar, for a-capella Chorus (words by A. Block)
Autumnal, for Chorus (words by V.Firsov)

Cantata

 Song-Ballade about BAM Builders, for Orchestra, Symphony, and Bass soloist (words by L. Vasilieva)

Oratorio

 Seasons, for Orchestra, Symphony, and SATB soloists (folk lyrics arranged by V.Firsov)
 Sergei Radonezhsky, for Orchestra, Symphony, AB soloists (folk lyrics)

Accompaniment Music

 1973: Scene of Action -- Russia (in collaboration with D.Gendelev)
 2001 (play by S. MIkhailov, premiered at The A. Bryantsev Youth Theater)
 Full Turn Around (based on William Faulkner's analogous story, directed by A. Tarkovsky)

Arrangements

 Select Arrangements of Rachmaninoff's Choral Works

Filmography

 The Steamroller and the Violin (1960)
 The Boy and the Dove (1961)
 Ivan's Childhood (1962)
 The First Teacher (1965)
 War and Peace (1966–1967)
 Andrei Rublev (1966)
 A Long Happy Life (1966)
 A Nest of Gentry (1969)
 A Soldier Came Back from the Front (1971)
 Arsenal (1972 restored version)
 That Sweet Word: Liberty! (1972)
 Earth (1972 restored version)
 Zvenigora (1973 restored version)
 They Fought for Their Country (1975)
 The Steppe (1977)
 Boris Godunov (1986)

References

External links
Official Website of Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov (in English)
Bio at Onno van Rijen's Soviet Composer's Page

Tribute at Harvard Film Archive

1936 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Russian male musicians
Male film score composers
Moscow Conservatory alumni
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Recipients of the Lenin Komsomol Prize
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian film score composers
Russian male composers
Soviet film score composers
Soviet male composers
People from Voronezh


William End,  (1798 – December 14, 1872) was an Irish-born lawyer and politician in New Brunswick. He represented Gloucester County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1830 to 1850 and from 1854 to 1861. He was assassinated in a house fire by an unknown assailant on December 14, 1872.

Biography

End was born in Limerick and came to New Brunswick, where he studied law with William Botsford. End set up practice at Saint John as an attorney, was called to the bar in 1825 and moved to Newcastle. He married Lucy Morse in 1827. In Gloucester County, he was clerk of the peace from 1827 to 1847 and registrar from 1837 to 1841. In 1841, End was named Queen's Counsel. Although he described himself as a supporter of the common people, he generally voted with the government in the legislative assembly. He was defeated in 1850 and elected again in 1854 after spending some time in the United States. His election in 1856 was overturned on appeal but he was reelected in 1857. End became the first clerk for Gloucester County after Confederation and later served as a stipendiary magistrate.

End died in a fire in his office at Bathurst, likely assassinated by a man whom he had sentenced to time in jail.

Notes

References

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1798 births
1872 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Year of birth uncertain
Year of birth unknown
Canadian King's Counsel
Colony of New Brunswick people
Judges in New Brunswick
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation New Brunswick
Canadian magistrates


The Estonia men's national under-18 ice hockey team represents Estonia in international under-18 ice hockey competitions and is controlled by the Estonian Ice Hockey Association ().

Tournament record

IIHF World U18 Championships

 1999: 4th in European Division I
 2000: 2nd in European Division I
 2001: 4th in Division II
 2002: 4th in Division IIB
 2003: 2nd in Division II Group A
 2004: 2nd in Division II Group B
 2005: 2nd in Division II Group A
 2006: 3rd in Division II Group A
 2007: 3rd in Division II Group A
 2008: 3rd in Division II Group B
 2009: 2nd in Division II Group B
 2010: 5th in Division II Group A
 2011: 4th in Division II Group A
 2012: 1st in Division IIB
 2013: 6th in Division IIA
 2014: 1st in Division IIB
 2015: 6th in Division IIA
 2016: 1st in Division IIB
 2017: 2nd in Division IIA
 2018: 5th in Division IIA
 2019: 3rd in Division IIA
 2020: Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
 2021: Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
 2022: 2nd in Division IIA
 2023: 5th in Division IB

See also
Estonia men's national ice hockey team
Estonia men's national under-20 ice hockey team

References

External links
Estonian Ice Hockey Association
IIHF profile
Estonia U18 Elite Prospects

Ice hockey
National under-18 ice hockey teams
Estonia men's national ice hockey team


Butomus is the only known genus in the  plant family Butomaceae, native to Europe and Asia.  It is considered invasive in some parts of the United States.

Taxonomy
The Butomaceae family has been recognized by most taxonomists as a plant family; it is sometimes called the "flowering-rush family".

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes such a family, and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots.
At the ranks of family and order, this is the same placement as in the Cronquist system.  However, Cronquist assumed a much smaller order and assigned the order to subclass Alismatidae, in class Liliopsida [=monocotyledons].

Species
The family counts one species, Butomus umbellatus, or two according to some authorities.
Butomus umbellatus L. - China, Central Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Middle East, Russia, Europe; naturalized in North America

Butomus umbellatus var. junceus (Turcz.) Micheli - Central Asia (also known as Butomus junceus Turcz.)

References

External links
 Butomaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/.
 Monocot families (United States Department of Agriculture)
 National Center for Biotechnology Information Taxonomy Browser
 links at CSDL, Texas A&M University

Butomaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF

Alismatales


James Scott Negley Farson (May 14, 1890 – December 13, 1960) was an American author and adventurer. A renowned fisherman, Farson wrote one of the classics of fishing literature, Going Fishing. The story of his life is told in his two volumes of autobiography: The Way Of a Transgressor and A Mirror for Narcissus.

Birth and Childhood
{{Quote box
 |author = ("Principally Philadelphian"
 |source = Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 16 September 1936.)
 |width  = 35%
 |align  = right
 |quote  =  Negley Farson Muffed Chance of U. of P. Crew
<small>[A 1936 article regarding Farson, published in a Philadelphia newspaper.]
That "Odyssey" of Negley Parson, "The Way of a Transgressor", contains several references to things Philadelphian.
At the outset of his picturesque career he was advised that much could be obtained in this life by playing the game of bluff. Apropos of this he pays a tribute to the thoroughness of the courses at the University of Pennsylvania. "It was hardly the right instruction" he writes "to give a young man entering the University of Pennsylvania to become a civil engineer. The Civil Engineering school of that University was no place to play the fool."'Nine o'clock is nine o'clock' was the opening sentence of the draughting professor to his freshman class; 'and five minutes after nine might just as well have been yesterday."At nine o'clock all the class room doors in the engineering schools closed with a sharp click. And many a morning I stood outside trying to get in."His roving and adventurous spirit found it difficult to adjust itself to collegiate routine and the Spartan code of the physics course, but he took great interest in athletics, in his Freshman year, winning numerals in crew, track and base ball.
"One day," he writes, "when I was rowing 7 in the Varsity, the stroke threw a copy of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin to me. We were in the trolley, going to the river. I read '. . . To cap the climax, Farson, a winning member of last year's freshman crew and regarded as a sure candidate for the Varsity Eight, has been declared ineligible. He is behind in his studies in the college department.
"That was the way I got one of the worst blows in my life. The fury of Coach Ward cut no ice with the professor of physics. Even the intercession of Mike Murphy was in vain."
This was only the prelude to a series of events which finally led him one night to pack up his belongings and leave without attempting to finish his course at Penn or at any other university.His unwillingness to continue long in routine positions is characteristic of his attitude in all the events of his subsequent career at home and abroad. Philadelphians will find greater interest in his works in knowing that Negley Farson, brilliant journalist and author, is James Scott Negley Farson of the Class of 1914 of the University of Pennsylvania.</small>
}}

Born on May 14, 1890  in Plainfield, New Jersey at his maternal grandparents' residence, Farson was the son of Enoch S. Farson (1858-1928) and Grace Negley Farson (1871-1950). He had a younger brother, Enoch (b. 1892). Farson was raised in his early years by his maternal grandfather, the notorious and eccentric American Civil War veteran General James Negley, of whom it was written that he ‘made other men look like mongrel dogs.’ James Negley added Negley to Farson's name, apparently to make him his heir.

When James Negley died, his house was repossessed because there was no money to cover his debts.  Farson was educated at Andover and at Chester (PA) High School. He only went to live with his parents after his grandfather's death in 1901 and his expulsion from Andover.

Farson read civil engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, but he dropped out of his own accord.

 Writing career
In about 1910 he moved to Northern England, where he started work in a factory.  He then went into journalism and travelled to Russia, being present in Petrograd the day the Bolshevik Revolution broke out.  Farson returned to Britain, joined the RAF and learned to fly.  He was posted to Egypt, where his aeroplane crashed, and his leg was badly damaged - an injury that troubled him for the rest of his life.

In Q3, 1920 in St. Martin, London, Farson married Enid Eveleen née Stoker (known as Eve, 1893-1961), a nurse who had served during World War I.   She accompanied Farson on many (but by no means all) of his international excursions.

Farson returned to the United States, and became a salesman for a Chicago company making heavy trucks. After a couple of years he moved to British Columbia, Canada, where he lived "part of the floathouse community that existed on Cowichan Lake. The attraction of such a life was fishing in 'a paradise' - Vancouver Island's Cowichan River." He then moved to New York, and then became a newspaper correspondent again. Cowichan Lake would later become the setting of Farson's novel The Story of a Lake (1938).

In 1924 Farson became a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Daily News, until 1935. He served in India, Egypt and throughout Europe and went on to become one of the most renowned foreign correspondents of his day, interviewing Gandhi in India, witnessing (January 1932) Gandhi's arrest in Poona, witnessing (July 1934) bankrobber John Dillinger's naked body (in the morgue just after he had been shot down by Hoover's men), and meeting Hitler, who described Farson's blond son, Daniel, as a "good Aryan boy".

During Hitler's rise to power, Farson was in Germany, but by this time he had become an alcoholic, and checked himself into the Clinic of Dr. Bumke.  After discharging himself, Farson went to South West Africa (now Namibia) and spent some time in the wilderness of Etosha Pan before moving to Cape Town.

Death
Farson died on 13 December 1960 while sitting in an armchair in his home, The Grey House in Georgeham in Devon.Registration of the death of James Negley Farson at Barnstaple - the England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007 He is buried with his wife 'Eve' Farson in the churchyard of St George's Church in the village of Georgeham, near his home. His son, writer and broadcaster Daniel Farson, died in his father's former home in the village.

 Publications

 1926 Sailing Across Europe 1930 Black Bread and Red Coffins 1936 The Way of a Transgressor 1938 Transgressor in the Tropics 1939 The Story of a Lake
 1941 Bomber's Moon 1941 Behind God's Back 1942 Going Fishing 1949 Last Chance in Africa
 1949 Sons of Noah 1951 Caucasian Journey aka The Lost World of the Caucasus (1958)
 1956 A Mirror for Narcissus''

References

External links

1890 births
1960 deaths
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
Writers from Plainfield, New Jersey
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Burials in Devon


In cryptography, the QUAD cipher is a stream cipher which was designed with provable security arguments in mind.

Description
QUAD relies on the iteration of a randomly chosen multivariate quadratic system S=(Q1, ..., Qm) of m=kn equations in n unknowns over a finite field GF(q).
The keystream generation process simply consists in iterating the three following
steps in order to produce (k -1) n GF(q) keystream values at each iteration.
Compute the kn-tuple of GF(q) values S(x) = (Q1(x),..., Qkn(x)) where x is the current value of the internal state;
Output the sequence (Qn+1(x),..., Qkn(x)) of (k-1)n GF(q) keystream values
Update the internal state x with the sequence of n GF(q) first generated values (Q1(x),..., Qn(x))

QUAD is a modern stream cipher, i.e. it uses a key and an initialisation value (IV) to produce a keystream sequence. A Key and IV setup is also defined which also rely on multivariate quadratic system.

Security
The security of the keystream generation of QUAD is provably reducible to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem, namely solving a multivariate system of quadratic equations. The first proof was done over field GF(2) for an old-fashioned stream cipher (where the key is the initial state).  It was later extended by Berbain and Gilbert in order to take into account the set-up procedure of a modern cipher (with a setup stage deriving the initial state from the key).  The security of the whole cipher as a Pseudo Random Function can be related to the conjectured intractability of the MQ problem. The authors also studied the resistance of the cipher against classical attacks.

Parameters recommended
The authors recommend to use a version of QUAD with an 80-bit key, 80-bit IV and an internal state of n = 160 bits. It outputs 160 keystream bits (m = 320) at each iteration until 240 bits of keystream have been produced.

At Eurocrypt 2006, speed reports were presented for QUAD instances with 160-bit state and output block over the fields GF(2), GF(16), and GF(256). These speed reports were part of an analysis of "Efficient Implementations of Multivariate Quadratic Systems" which was published by Berbain, Billet, and Gilbert at SAC 2006.  This analysis (which also covers several multivariate public-key schemes as well as the QUAD stream cipher) studied in part the impact of changing the size of the field on the performances without considering the security aspect.

Discussion on parameters
The initial security theorem for QUAD is valid for the field GF(2) only, and recommended parameters does not achieve to get a contradiction with the proof of security. The authors of QUAD who gave the security theorem acknowledged that a break of QUAD at their suggested parameters does not contradict the proof-of-security theorems when they proposed the scheme at Eurocrypt 2006.  However it seemed that the authors had considered them as sufficient to provide the desired security level of about 280.

Yang, Chen, Bernstein and Chen studied the security of the different parameter sets and found some of them very insecure. Their paper discusses both theoretical and practical aspects of attacking QUAD and of attacking the underlying hard problem. For example, this paper shows how to use XL-Wiedemann to break the GF(256) instance QUAD (256, 20, 20) in approximately 266 Opteron cycles, and to break the underlying hard problem in approximately 245 cycles, which was carried out successfully.  However, according to this paper, it would take about 2110 to solve an instance of the QUAD(2,160,160) version recommended by the authors of QUAD using XL-Wiedemann.

The study by Yang et al. highlighted the fact that security theorems often rely on reductions with a looseness factor, and when this is taken into account, none of the parameter sets of the suggested versions are sufficient for the proof of security. An instance that will be provably secure would be QUAD(2,320,320), that is, twice as wide as originally proposed.

A security theorem can also be proved for GF(q), albeit with a larger looseness factor; this and extensions of QUAD for more efficient implementations is proposed by Liu et al.

References

Stream ciphers
Multivariate cryptography


Sénart (formerly Melun-Sénart) is a new town in southern Île-de-France, covering parts of the departments of Seine-et-Marne and Essonne.

Education
 Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

Communes
 Combs-la-Ville
 Réau
 Moissy-Cramayel
 Cesson
 Lieusaint
 Nandy
 Savigny-le-Temple
 Vert-Saint-Denis
 Morsang-sur-Seine
 Saint-Pierre-du-Perray
 Saintry-sur-Seine
 Tigery

Geography of Essonne
Geography of Seine-et-Marne
New towns in Île-de-France
New towns started in the 1960s


Conte Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia (24 August 1879 in Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy – 7 September 1959 in Ripafratta, San Giuliano Terme near Pisa) was an Italian artist, industrial designer, journalist and founder of the National Museum of the Automobile.

He was the son of Roberto Biscaretti di Ruffia, a Senator who was involved in the establishment of Fiat (1899). As a youngster, Carlo assisted in the first Italian automobile race (Torino-Asti-Torino, 1896). In 1898, he started the "Automobile Club di Torino" (Automobile Club of Turin) (he would be president until 1948), which then became the Automobile Club d'Italia. He also took part in the first Giro d'Italia automobilistico (1901).

Biscaretti di Ruffia got a law degree (1904) and worked a while in Genova for "Filiale di Fabbre e Gagliardi", a bicycle accessory shop, before moving to Rome to run the offices of Carrozzeria Alessio.  Back in his hometown, he established the "Studio Tecnico Carlo Biscaretti" in via della Rocca 22, Torino.  He was involved in the early Itala 51 vehicles (illustrations), for Michelin and contributed to several motor journals.

He was also involved in the Salone dell'automobile di Torino. He collected vehicles since 1933 and he founded the Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile "Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia", which was opened in 1960 after his death.

Lancia logo

In February 1899, Vincenzo Lancia was sent to help Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia, who owned a defective Benz and they quickly became friends. Biscaretti di Ruffia was due to become important in Lancia's history, and is credited for designing the Lancia logo with the blue flag in 1911.

References

Counts in Italy
Italian nobility
Italian draughtsmen
Italian industrial designers
Artists from Turin
1879 births
1959 deaths
Italian collectors


John Richard Partelow (April 20, 1795 – January 13, 1865) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Saint John County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1827 to 1850 and from 1854 to 1855 and Victoria County from 1851 to 1854.

He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Jehiel Partelow, a shoemaker, and was educated there. He worked as a clerk in a store before entering business on his own by 1827. In 1819, he married Jane Hamlin Matthew, with whom he had eight daughters.

Circa 1821 he and Hugh Johnston, Sr., purchased the ship , and transferred her registry to St John. Prince Regent had been built in New Brunswick and traded between Liverpool and New Brunswick until she was wrecked in November 1823.

Partelow became chairman of the appropriations and audit committees which were involved in the distribution of public funds to the counties, a position of great power in the assembly. From 1848 to 1854, he was provincial secretary. Partelow also served as chamberlain for Saint John from 1827 to 1843 and mayor from 1847 to 1848. In 1855, he was named auditor general and served in that post until his death in Fredericton in 1865.

References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1796 births
1865 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Mayors of Saint John, New Brunswick
Provincial Secretaries of New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick people


Charles Wels (August 24, 1825 in Prague – May 12, 1906 in New York City) was an American pianist, organist, composer, and music teacher. He studied under Václav Tomášek before relocating to the US. In the US he produced piano compositions and a funeral march for Abraham Lincoln. (The Library of Congress has scanned in 60 compositions by Wels into its American Memory collection.)

He was briefly a Polish court-musician from 1847 to 1849.  In the 1860s he was organist at Christ Church of New York.

His pupils included Samuel Brenton Whitney.

References

External links

1825 births
1906 deaths
19th-century American composers
19th-century American male musicians
19th-century American pianists
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical pianists
20th-century American male musicians
American Romantic composers
American classical organists
American classical pianists
American male classical composers
American male organists
American male pianists
American people of Czech descent
Male classical pianists
Pupils of Václav Tomášek
Male classical organists
19th-century organists


Ralph Brideoake (1612/13–1678) was an English clergyman, who became Bishop of Chichester.

Life

Born in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, and baptised on 31 January 1612 (NS 1613) at the Collegiate Church, Manchester, Brideoake graduated from Brasenose College, Oxford with a BA in 1634, and made a MA by Charles I of England in 1636. During the 1630s, Brideoake attempted to write poetry.

Beginning in 1638, Brideoake was High Master at Manchester Free School, but lost the position because of his Royalist affiliation. He became chaplain to James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, a Royalist leader, and was besieged at Lathom House (near Ormskirk, Lancashire) with Stanley's family in 1644. He interceded, unsuccessfully, with William Lenthall, Speaker of Parliament, for a stay of the execution of the captured Earl, in 1651. Brideoake then became chaplain to Lenthall.

Brideoake was Vicar of Witney from 1654. On the Restoration, he became Rector of Standish in 1660, Dean of Salisbury in 1667, and Bishop of Chichester in 1675. During this time he had some connection with the almshouses at Heytesbury, within Salisbury diocese, for he bought a mill at Chirton on behalf of the charity in 1671.

In 1660 he was appointed Canon of the eleventh stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1678. He died on 5 October 1678 and is buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. His monument was sculpted by William Bird of Oxford.

Notes

External links

1612 births
1679 deaths
Bishops of Chichester
17th-century Church of England bishops
High Masters of Manchester Grammar School
People from Cheetham Hill
Deans of Salisbury
Canons of Windsor
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford


The first rugby union match between England and France was held on 22 March 1906 at Parc des Princes in Paris.

The traditional name for the annual England versus France rugby union match in the Six Nations Championship as used on both sides of the English Channel is Le Crunch, used since at least 1981 (although it has been named "Eurostar Trophy" a few times in France, since 2000). Apart from their annual match, currently part of the Six Nations Championship, the teams have also met in six warm-up matches prior to the 2003, 2007 and 2015 World Cups, with France winning on four occasions and England two. They have also met on five occasions at the Rugby World Cup with England winning on three occasions and France two. England and France have played each other on 110 occasions, England winning 60, France winning 43, and 7 matches have been drawn. Overall, England have scored 1,757 points, and France 1,457.

Summary

Overall

Records
Note: Date shown in brackets indicates when the record was last set.

Results

Non-test results
Below is a list of matches that were not awarded test match status and so do not appear in the list of official statistics.

Notes

References

England national rugby union team matches
France national rugby union team matches
Rugby union rivalries in England
Rugby union rivalries in France
Six Nations Championship