The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1954 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1954. Democrats gained two seats and lost one seat.

Overview

Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

District 8

District 9

District 10

District 11

District 12

District 13

District 14

District 15

District 16

District 17

District 18

District 19

District 20

District 21

District 22

District 23

District 24

District 25

District 26

District 27

District 28

District 29

District 30

See also
84th United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
1954 United States House of Representatives elections

References
California Elections Page
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present)
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions

1954
California
United States House of Representatives


Supaksorn Chaimongkol (; ; born December 2, 1982) is a Thai model and actress. Her nickname is Kratae ().

She graduated a bachelor of Communication Arts from Rangsit University.

Her film roles include Kunpan: Legend of the Warlord, Art of the Devil and Andaman Girl, all under director Thanit Jitnukul.

In 2007, she starred in the spy-action comedy, Chai Lai, directed by Poj Arnon, and the martial arts drama Brave, featuring Thai stunt actor Pairote Boongerd (Mike B.) and Malaysian comedian Afdlin Shauki. The film started to air in April 2012 in Malaysia.

In 2008, she starred in Handle Me With Care, a romantic drama written and directed by Kongdej Jaturanrasamee.

Filmography

External links

Supaksorn Chaimongkol
Supaksorn Chaimongkol
1982 births
Living people


The ZIL-E167 is an off-road truck designed in the beginning of the 1960s to withstand difficult conditions in Siberia, Urals and far east and northern territories of the Soviet Union. It could cross water and control its tire pressure, and was equipped with air cleaning systems as well as a 4.5 kW electric engine to pump water (in case of fire). It also had radio transmission capabilities.

Built on December 31, 1962 and based on a modified ZIL-135 chassis, the ZIL-E167 was fitted with two 7.0-liter V8 engines, both of which were located in the rear of the vehicle. The transmissions were from the ZIL-135L. Both front and rear axles were steerable. Air inlets were situated on the sides of the body. The bottom of the vehicle was protected with metal sheets which were meant to improve the vehicle's sliding characteristics in snow. The cab was shared with the BAZ-135 and the wheels were taken from the MAZ-529E.

When factory testing concluded in March 1965 the Ministry of Defence planned to order two more units, but a second prototype was never built.

Mainly due to the complexity of the transmission, the ZIL-E167 never entered into mass production.

Specifications
Wheels 6x6
Engine (2xZIL-375)
Engine displacement 2x6.96 liters
Performance 2x180 hp
Fuel tank capacity 900 liters
Fuel consumption 100 liters/100 km
Max speed 65 km/h (on the road fully loaded)
Max speed in 50/80 cm water 30/20 km/h

Measures
 Length 9260 mm
 Width 3130 mm
 Height 3060 mm
 Ground clearance 750 mm
 Turning radius 11 900 mm
 Wheel diameter 1790 mm

Weights
 Curb weight 7000 kg
 Payload 5000 kg

Abilities
 Ability to go through obstacles:
 Trench 2000 mm
 Vertical wall 1000 mm
 Rise angle 42 degrees
 Fording 1800 mm
 Snow 1000 mm

Trucks of the Soviet Union
Off-road vehicles
ZiL vehicles
Rear-engined vehicles
Six-wheel drive


Jenő Szervánszky  (1906–2005) was a Hungarian post-impressionist artist.

Life and career

Early life and education
Jenő Szervánszky studied with Oszkár Glatz at the College of Fine Arts in Budapest. He mentions in his autobiographical note that he eventually became Glatz's assistant, but does not add that this position was traditionally reserved for the most favoured and promising pupil.

Second World War
Although the Hungarian government officially proclaimed neutrality, they demonstrated every sympathy with Nazi objectives and eventually declared war on the allies in 1941. As an artist, Jenő Szervánszky was at first exempt from serving in the army but in 1944 he too was called up and served near to the Austrian border. After heavy losses on the Russian front, however, the government sued for peace but the country was occupied by the Germans in March, 1944. Eventually, on April 4, 1945 Budapest was liberated by the Soviet armed forces. Szervánszky's regiment was disbanded by a brigade of Soviet soldiers. and, after a short period of internment, were to be marched to the Soviet Union to work as slave-labour.

Szervánszky decided on the desperate gamble of not eating in order to starve himself into a state of weakness. Over the course of a few weeks he ate less and less. His physical state rapidly deteriorated to the extent that he weighed only thirty-eight kilos. His plan worked and he was released as of no practical use as a worker.

After the war
Between 1946 and 1951 Szervánszky did graphical work and drew pictures to illustrate news stories at a time when technology did not run to photographs in newspapers. In 1951 he began teaching at the College of Applied Arts.

Hungarian Revolution of 1956
After the defeat of Germany, elections were held on November 4, 1945. They were won by the Small Landholders' Party led by Zoltán Tildy. A republic was proclaimed, and Tildy was elected president. A coalition cabinet was formed, with Ferenc Nagy, a prominent member of the Small Landholders' Party, as Premier and Mátyás Rákosi, the General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist party, as Vice-Premier. A period of political instability followed the war but the hardliner Mátyás Rákosi eventually became prime minister. The communists took power, supported by the Soviet Union, while opponents of the communist regime were sent to labour camps.

After the death of Joseph Stalin in March, 1953, the Soviets followed somewhat more liberal policies. This so-called “New Course” was support by Imre Nagy, who had become the Hungarian leader and, for a while, life in Hungary held the promise of being easier. By 1955, however, Nagy had been ousted by more hardline leaders such as Ernő Gerő.

In the spring of 1956, the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the extremes of Stalin's former regime. This encouraged dissidents in Hungary to call for more freedom. Intellectuals and students demanded reforms and openly called for the withdrawal of the Soviet military from Hungarian territory. What began as massive demonstrations escalated on October 23 to riots with the police. Even though many of the communist supporters deserted the government, the Prime Minister, Gerő appealed to the Soviet Union for help. In the face of overwhelmingly superior forces, the dissidents in their turn appealed to the United Nations for assistance. Their call was ignored, and the revolution was crushed.

Although Szervánszky never actively fought for the dissidents cause, he certainly supported them. Although the official reason for his dismissal from the College of Applied Arts in 1957 was for some staff “re-structuring”, he believed he was simply dismissed because of his political beliefs. He never worked for any institution again.

A new Communist dictatorship was set up, and János Kádár was installed as the head of government. Punishment of the dissidents, however, continued throughout 1957 and 1958, and thousands were deported to Soviet labour camps. Kádár remained firmly in control of Hungary for the next thirty years and it was not until 1967 that he relaxed the firm control of the USSR and was able to give Hungary the reputation of the most relaxed and liberal of all the Soviet Union satellites.

Later years
For the last forty years of his life, Szervánszky played almost no part in the public artistic community of his country. Totally devoid of ambition, he never sought to re-establish himself with the establishment, either as a teacher or an artist. He set his own goals and his own standards and, for him, the daily search for artistic truth was all the stimulus he needed. The few people who did buy paintings from him during the last thirty years of his life did so primarily because they came to his studio through personal introductions.

He died in London on March 20, 2005. He was cremated in London and his ashes were buried in the family grave in Budapest on May 31, 2005.

Jenő Szervánszky is the father of the pianist, Valéria Szervánszky and the brother of the composer, Endre Szervánszky and violinist, Péter Szervánszky.

External links
 Szervanszky memorial website

1906 births
2005 deaths
Post-Impressionist artists
20th-century Hungarian painters
Hungarian male painters
20th-century Hungarian male artists


Ten ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Blanche:

  was a 36-gun fifth rate captured from the French in 1779.  She foundered in 1780.
  was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1786, at Bursledon and wrecked in 1799 off Holland.
  was a 36-gun fifth rate launched in 1800 and captured and burnt in 1805 by four French ships off Puerto Rico.
 HMS Blanche was a 38-gun fifth rate, previously the Spanish ship Amfitrite. She was captured by Sir Richard Strachan in  in 1804 and taken into service as , and renamed HMS Blanche in 1805. She was wrecked off Ushant in 1807.
 HMS Blanche was a 28-gun sixth rate, previously the French privateer Bellone. , assisted by , captured her off Ceylon in the action of 9 July 1806.  She was taken into service as  and was renamed HMS Blanche in 1809, before being broken up in 1814.
  was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1819.  She was used as a receiving hulk at Portsmouth from 1852 until she was broken up in 1865.
  was an  wooden screw sloop, launched in 1867 and sold in 1886.
  was a , launched in 1889 and sold in 1905.
  was a  scout cruiser launched in 1909 and sold in 1921.
  was a  launched in 1930 and sunk in 1939.

Royal Navy ship names


Celtnieks Rīga was a Latvian football club that won the Latvian Cup 3 times.

History

Celtnieks made its debut in the Latvian league in 1978. In the 1980s it was one of the strongest clubs in the Latvian league as it had finished second in the league in four seasons and for three years in a row (1984–1986) it then won the Latvian Cup. Especially remarkable was the 1986 cup victory when in the final game Celtnieks simply devastated its opponent team Gauja Valmiera by winning with 6:0 under the leadership of managers such as Aldis Polis. Jurijs Jakovļevs from Celtnieks was the best goalscorer of the Latvian league in 1984, 1986 and 1987. In this time Celtnieks was coached by former Daugava Rīga professional Viktors Ņesterenko who in addition to his coaching work also played with Celtnieks. In addition to Jakovļevs club leaders in those years included Družiņins, Trambovičs, Aleksandrs Kokarevs, Davidovs, Samoiļenko, Čebanovs and Simoņenkovs.

After the 1987 season Ņesterenko left Celtnieks for RAF Jelgava and thus started the clubs downfall. By 1991 little was left of its former glory and after finishing in the 17th place from the 20 clubs in the 1991 season Celtnieks didn't get a chance to play in Virslīga in the first season of the independent Latvian league. The club was renamed to SM-ECK, it finished 6th in 1. līga in 1992 and became defunct after the season.

Honours
 Latvian Cup winners : 3 (1984, 1985, 1986)

Defunct football clubs in Latvia
Association football clubs disestablished in 1992
1992 disestablishments in Latvia


State Route 906 (SR 906) is a  state highway in the U.S. state of Washington, serving Snoqualmie Pass and its associated ski areas in King and Kittitas counties. The highway travels southeast between two interchanges with Interstate 90 (I-90) in Snoqualmie Pass and Hyak. SR 906 was formed out of segments of the former Sunset Highway that were bypassed by the construction of the controlled-access Interstate Highway over the pass. Between 360 and 2,100 vehicles use the road on an average day in 2012.

Route description
SR 906 begins at a half-diamond interchange with I-90, exit 52, in Snoqualmie Pass, King County. North of I-90, Summit Road provides access to the Alpental ski area. Only the first  of the highway is in King County, with the remainder of the highway in Kittitas County. After crossing the county line, SR 906 is bounded by Summit West on the west side of the highway and the Snoqualmie Pass Traveler's Rest rest area on the east side. Access to the Pacific Crest Trail is provided from the one of Summit West's parking lots. Just south of the rest area is an intersection with Yellowstone Road, which links back to I-90 at a full diamond interchange. Yellowstone Road was once a part of the Yellowstone Trail, a cross-country auto-trail.

Summit Central borders the west side of the highway with parking lots for the ski area on the east side of the highway, as the two-lane  speed limited road enters the unincorporated community of Hyak and continues southeastward. The highway comes to a four-way intersection, and SR 906 turns to the north to meet I-90 at exit 54. SR 906 Spur, a  spur route continues east through the intersection to serve the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) maintenance facility. Summit East is served by the roadway that continues south from the four-way intersection. A hybrid half-diamond interchange/partial cloverleaf serves as the eastern terminus of SR 906 as it reconnects to I-90. The roadway continues north past the interchange as Lake Mardee Road, named after the nearby lake of the same name.

Every year, WSDOT conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2012, WSDOT calculated that, on average, 360 vehicles used the highway near its eastern terminus, and as many as 2,100 vehicles used the highway just west of Yellowstone Road. Truck traffic was not reported between 2009-2012, and traffic counts have remained steady over the same period.

History

Automobile roads over Snoqualmie Pass date back to 1905, when the first car traveled over the pass. A one-lane road was competed by 1909 to promote the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition in Seattle, complete with a race over the pass. The Sunset Highway was built as a two-lane road in 1915, and rebuilt along the abandoned right-of-way of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1926. The Sunset Highway was a part of the Yellowstone Trail, a transcontinental auto-trail. In 1926 the United States Numbered Highway System was established, and the highway over Snoqualmie Pass was designated U.S. Route 10 (US 10). The bridge that carries SR 906 over Hyak Creek was built in 1928. The road was first able to be kept open all winter by 1931, and in 1934 it was numbered Primary State Highway 2 in addition to US 10. The highway was paved between 1931 and 1939.

SR 906 came to be the name of the highway during the construction of Interstate 90 over the pass. Parts of US 10 were not up to the new Interstate Highway System standards, so a new limited-access highway was built, bypassing older alignments of roadway. The roadway now known as SR 906 was a bypassed section of the old Sunset Highway that was not up to Interstate Highway standards on May 11, 1967.

Major intersections

Spur route

State Route 906 Spur (SR 906 Spur) is a  spur route located entirely within the unincorporated community of Hyak, Kittitas County. It branches from its parent just before SR 906's eastern terminus at I-90. The highway travels southeast, between I-90 and the Iron Horse Trail, and ends at a WSDOT maintenance facility located at the north end of Keechelus Lake. The old Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad-Hyak Depot is accessible from SR 906 Spur, which now acts as a trail head for the Iron Horse rail trail. WSDOT conducts a series of surveys to measure traffic volume in terms of AADT and calculated that 300 vehicles-per-day used the spur route in 2012. This number has remained steady between 2009 and 2012.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

SR 906 at AA Roads
SR 906 at Highways of Washington State

906
Transportation in King County, Washington
Transportation in Kittitas County, Washington


Narradores de Javé (The Storytellers) is a 2003 Brazilian film by Eliane Caffé.

Plot
A small poor community called Javé is under threat of being flooded by a new dam that is being built, and the only way to prevent this is to prove the town's historical value. As most of the inhabitants are illiterate, they have no choice but to ask for the help of Antônio Biá, a man who has been ostracized ever since it was discovered that he had sent out letters with lies about their reputations as a way to keep his job in Javé's seldom-used post office. He now has the task of documenting people's memories of how the city was founded, yet each inhabitant has their version of what happened.

Cast

 José Dumont .... Antonio Biá
 Matheus Nachtergaele .... Souza
 Nélson Dantas .... Vicentino
 Rui Resende .... Vado
 Gero Camilo .... Firmino
 Luci Pereira .... Deodora / Mariardina
 Nelson Xavier .... Zaqueu
 Altair Lima .... Galdério
 Henrique Lisboa .... Cirilo
 Maurício Tizumba.... Samuel

External links

 Narradores de Javé on Portuguese Wikipedia

Brazilian drama films
2003 films
2000s Portuguese-language films


Alfred Potiquet was a French official who was responsible for the first stamp catalogue in the world.   The 1861 first edition is held by the Royal Philatelic Society London.

Alfred Potiquet developed his catalogue on the basis of the postage stamp and postal stationery register of the Strasbourg bookseller, Oscar Berger-Levrault. In fact, that register is referred to as the world's first stamp catalogue, although it was not intended for the public. Potiquet added a lot of stamp issues which had been overlooked by Oscar Berger-Levrault and corrected his errors.

His work was published in December 1861 in Paris under the title, "Catalogue des timbres-poste crées dans les divers états du globe". It already contained 1080 postage stamps and 132 postal stationeries. This much improved stamp catalogue was still not error-free. For example, there was no information about stamps which were still unknown at that time, such as the "Post Office" stamps of Mauritius.

Besides these stamp catalogues of Oscar Berger-Levrault and Alfred Potiquet, there was a similar work made in parallel in England by John Edward Gray.

See also
Frederick Booty, author of the first illustrated stamp catalogue in English.

References

External links

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
19th-century French people
French philatelists
Philatelic literature


David Ralph Millard, Jr. (June 4, 1919 – June 19, 2011) was a plastic surgeon who developed several techniques used in cleft lip and palate surgeries. He also popularized the double eyelid surgery or "Asian blepharoplasty" to “deorientalize” patients’ faces while stationed in South Korea during the Korean War. He was chief of the Division of Plastic Surgery at University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine for 28 years, and maintained a private practice in Miami.

Early life
Millard was born at Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri. He attended the Asheville School in Asheville, North Carolina. He played football at Yale, studied medicine at Harvard Medical School in 1944 and interned in pediatric surgery at Boston Children's Hospital. A U.S. Navy veteran, he served stateside in World War II but in Korea during the Korean War, where he became interested in local children with cleft lips.

The Millard repair procedure
The rotation-advancement procedure for cleft lip repair, also known as the Millard repair, is designed to create a softer, more natural-looking lip. Surgery performed prior to the Millard procedure involved pulling both sides of the cleft lip together resulting in a tightly closed upper lip. The Millard procedure rotates the tissue and creates a "Z" shaped scar instead. The "Z" shape gives the tissue more elasticity, resulting in greater flexibility and restoration of the Cupid's bow.

Recognition
In 2000, Millard was nominated as one of "10 Plastic Surgeons of the Millennium" by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. In the April 2000 issue of Plastic Surgery News, Millard was described as "the most brilliant and creative plastic surgeon we have alive. His work and publications speak for themselves." He is considered to be one of the founders of modern reconstructive facial surgery.

Personal life
Millard had two sons,(Duke and Bond) a daughter (Meleney), and six grandchildren (Davey, Lindsey, Blake, Ryan, Jennifer, and Kelsey)

Bibliography
 Gillies HD, Millard DR. The Principles and Art of Plastic Surgery. Butterworth. 1958.
 Reviews: , , .
 Millard R, Pigott R, Zies P. Free skin grafting of full-thickness defects of abdominal wall. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969
 Millard DR, Total reconstructive rhinoplasty and a missing link. Plast. Reconstruct Surg 37:167-171, 1966.

See also
 The paramedian forehead flap

References

 Jeffrey Weinzweig Plastic Surgery Secrets, Hanley & Belfus, ©1999  /

External links
Ralph Millard biography

1919 births
American plastic surgeons
Harvard Medical School alumni
2011 deaths


Adélard Laurendeau (December 1, 1883 – July 21, 1968) was a politician in Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Early life

He was born on December 1, 1883, in Montreal.  He became an industrial painter and a union activist.

Political career

He ran as a Labour candidate in the district of Maisonneuve in the 1919 provincial election and won.  He finished second in the 1923 election and was defeated by Conservative candidate Jean-Marie Pellerin.

Death

He died on July 21, 1968.

References

1883 births
1968 deaths
Labour Party (Quebec) MNAs
Politicians from Montreal


USS Rawlins (APA-226) was a  in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1987.

History
Rawlins was named after Rawlins County, Kansas. She was built under Maritime Commission contract (MCV hull 672), was laid down by Kaiser Shipbuilding of Vancouver, Washington on 10 August 1944, launched 21 October 1944, and delivered to the Maritime Commission 10 November 1941. She was acquired by the Navy on loan-charter basis and commissioned 11 November 1944, Comdr. C. S. Beightler in command.

World War II
Following shakedown and training off the California coast Rawlins put into San Francisco for loading and routing to South Pacific ports. On 16 January 1945, she sailed for New Caledonia with miscellaneous cargo and Army replacement units. After delivery to Nouméa, she continued on to Guadalcanal, arriving 8 February to join TransRon 18, then rehearsing for Operation Iceberg, the assault on Okinawa.

Invasion of Okinawa
On 14 March Rawlins, with 1st Marine Division units embarked, got underway for Ulithi for final logistics and on 27 March sailed for the Hagushi beaches on Okinawa. Arriving 1 April she remained until the 5th then retired to Saipan, whence she continued east to San Francisco. In July she returned to Okinawa with reinforcements, then, in early August, carried fresh troops to the Philippines from the east coast.

Post-war
After the cessation of hostilities, Rawlins ferried occupation troops to Japan, then at the end of October was assigned to transport Army troops from the Philippines to San Francisco. On 27 July 1946 she terminated her last Operation Magic Carpet run at Pearl Harbor, then swung south, transited the Panama Canal, and on 5 August arrived at Norfolk for inactivation.

Decommissioning and fate
Navy owned as of 26 May 1946, Rawlins decommissioned 15 November 1946 and was berthed at Norfolk as a unit of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. There for the next 12 years, Rawlins was transferred to the Maritime Administration 19 September 1958 and her name was struck from the Navy List 1 October 1958. She was sold for scrap in August 1987.

Awards
Rawlins received one battle star for World War II service.

References

External links

 APA-226 Rawlins, Navsource Online

Haskell-class attack transports
Rawlins County, Kansas
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships


Butcher Hill is an action game developed and published by Gremlin Graphics in 1989. In this game, the player controls a team of five soldiers who have to survive in the Vietnamese jungle and kill as many enemies as possible. In the first part, the player's team is in a boat on a river with many rocks, mines and enemy fighters trying to sink it. If there is at least one remaining soldier at the end of the first part, the player enters the second part, a simulated 3D view of the jungle, shooting enemy soldiers and evading mines.

Reception

The Spanish magazine Microhobby gave the game the following scores: Originality: 40%, Graphics: 70%, Motion: 60%, Sound: 70%, Difficulty: 80%, Addiction: 60%.

References

External links
Play Butcher Hill online
https://web.archive.org/web/20071028194751/http://www.thelegacy.de/Museum/game.php3?titel_id=7530&game_id=7635

1989 video games
Action games
Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
Video games scored by Barry Leitch
Video games scored by Ben Daglish
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games


St. Joe, Illinois is a small unincorporated community in the historic New Design Precinct of Monroe County, Illinois, United States. It is located along the historic road from Kaskaskia to St. Louis, between Renault and Burksville.

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Metro East


2nd Arkansas Light Artillery, (1860–1865) was a Confederate Army artillery battery which served during the American Civil War. The battery spent the majority of the war serving in Confederate forces east of the Mississippi River.
The battery is also referred to as the Clark County Artillery, Robert's Arkansas Battery and Wiggins Arkansas Battery.

Organization
The battery was recruited and organized in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, by Captain Franklin Roberts, a local watch maker. On December 29, 1860, militia commissions were issued to the officers of a "Volunteer Light Artillery Company" in the 28th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia.  Arkansas had yet to secede from the Union so these new organizations were formed under the Arkansas Militia Law which authorized each county to form four volunteer companies, in addition to its infantry regiment. The original battery officers were:

Captain Franklin Roberts
1st Lieutenant James K. Jones
2nd Lieutenant Charles Blackhead
3rd Lieutenant Richard T. Tisdale

On March 29, 1861, Colonel William M. Bruce, commander of the 28th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia, wrote to Arkansas Governor Henry Rector to report the election of officers in his regiment and to request a fife and drum set for the Clark County Artillery under Captain Frank Roberts. Adjutant General Burgevin wrote to Captain Roberts informing him of the availability of a pair of 6-pounder guns and mini rifles for his unit. is assume that this letter was written following the seizure of the Federal Arsenal at Little Rock by state militia forces.

The battery was made up mostly of Clark County men, with a few from Hot Springs County. The battery was enrolled in Confederate service at Little Rock, Arkansas, on July 15, 1863 On July 15, 1861, Confederate Brigadier General William J. Hardee arrived in Little Rock to assume unified Confederate command in the state. The following day the state Military Board signed an "Article of Transfer", which provided that all state forces (excepting the militia), would be transferred on a voluntary basis to the command of the Confederate States of America. All weapons, ammunition, and supplies were also to be transferred.  The "Clarke County Artillery, Commanded by Captain Roberts" was included in the articles of transfer. The batteries enlistment documents indicate that they were enrolled into Confederate service by Adjutant General Edmond Burgevin. The battery officers when transferred to Confederate service were:

Captain Franklin Roberts
1st Lieutenant Peter E. Greene
2nd Lieutenant William C. Adams
3rd Lieutenant W. T. Crouch

The new unit was initially sent to the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near Pocahontas, Arkansas. The unit is included in Brigadier General William Hardee's return of troops assigned to the Upper District of Arkansas, dated August 31, 1861, and is listed as included two officers and 85 enlisted men.

Apparently the Battery had either never received the guns promised by Adjutant General Edmond Burgevin, or the guns had been condemned by General Hardee as unserviceable.  Hardee's new command was drilled and disciplined until the last of August, when Hardee's brigade marched by land to Point Pleasant, Missouri, on the Missouri River, and then traveled by steamboat to the Confederate stronghold at Columbus, Kentucky.  Unlike the rest of Hardee's Brigade, Roberts Company remained at Pittman's Ferry, apparently without guns and was designated as an independent infantry company. General Hardee eventually ordered Roberts' company to join him in Kentucky as infantry but Colonel Solon Borland, placed a hold on the unit opting to instead keep them at the depot, and arm them with the discarded cannon to defend against a possible Union attack from Missouri into northeast Arkansas. On November 5, 1861, Col Borland reported:

Colonel Borland, mentioned the unit again on November 10, 1861, in a report to General Polk:

The battery remained on duty in northeast Arkansas for two months, then was sent for service in east of the Mississippi River.

Service
The unit moved from Pittman's Ferry to Kentucky where and joined Major General William J. Hardee's Army of Central Kentucky. After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew his forces into western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and Alabama to reorganize. Then retreated through western Tennessee to northern Mississippi. The unit's muster roll for the period January 1, 1862, to February 28, 1862, stated:

On March 29, 1862, the Army of Central Kentucky was merged into the Army of Mississippi in preparation for the Battle of Shiloh.

During the Battle of Shiloh, a.k.a. Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Sunday, April 6, 1862 – Monday, April 7, 1862, the battery, armed with two 6-pounder smoothbores and two 12-pounder howitzers,.  was listed as unattached.  The unit became involved in the largest concentration of artillery in North American up to that time.  By the afternoon of Sunday, April 6, 1862, men of Prentiss's and W. H. L. Wallace's divisions had established and held a position nicknamed the Hornet's Nest. The Confederates assaulted the position for several hours rather than simply bypassing it, and they suffered heavy casualties during these assaults. It was not until the Confederates, led by Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, assembled over 50 cannons, including Robert's Arkansas Battery, into a position known as "Ruggles's Battery" to blast the line at close range that they were able to surround the position, and the Hornet's Nest fell after holding out for seven hours.

In early May 1862, Confederate forces underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1862. All twelve-month regiments and units had to re-muster and enlist for two additional years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments and unit in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh. On May 25, 1862, Captain Roberts resigned, and Jannedens H. Wiggins, who had risen from first sergeant to first lieutenant, was elected captain.  The battery would hereafter be known as Wiggins' Battery, and the compiled service records of the men are filed under this designation at the National Archives.

Roberts's Arkansas Battery is listed in General P.G.T Beauregard's report of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi on May 26, 1862. The unit is assigned to Colonel Robert G. Shaver's 1st Brigade of General Hardee's 3rd Army Corps.  By June 30, 1862, Robert's Battery, now under the command of Jannedens H. Wiggins, is assigned to Colonel St. John R. Liddell's brigade of General Hardee's 3rd Army Corps.

Larry Daniels, in Cannoneers in Gray: The Field Artillery of the Army of Tennessee, 1861–1865. (Tuscaloosa, AL: Fire Ant Books, 2005)., mis-identifies Trigg's Battery as the Clark County Light Artillery. This confusion was apparently caused by the transfer of several former members of Trigg's/Austin's Arkansas Battery to Roberts' Clark County Artillery following the breakup of Trigg's Battery. On July 23, 1862, a number of men from Captain Thomas M. Austin's (formerly Trigg's Arkansas Battery disbanded Arkansas light battery were assigned to the Clark County Artillery. The battery was augmented with replacements twice during the war, to replace casualties suffered. In late 1862 they received a number of replacements from the 1st Alabama Cavalry.  Also during this time, the battery was apparently assigned to Montgomery's 14th Georgia Light Artillery Battalion as Company E. This assignment was apparently temporary, but a requisition signed by Lieutenant J. Wylie Callaway of Wiggins' Battery, dated 4 October 1862 refers to the organization as "Roberts' Battery, Montgomery's Battalion Georgia Artillery."

The battery did not participate in the Kentucky Campaign, from June to October, 1862. The unit's muster roll for the period July to August 1862, and again in October 1862 list the battery's station as Camp Randolph, Georgia. It appears that Roberts' Battery was transferred from Liddell's Brigade to the reserve artillery of the army at the reorganisation at Chattanooga prior to the invasion of Kentucky although no definite order to that effect can be found. Swett's Mississippi Battery was assigned to Liddell instead. The battery then became part of The Army of Middle Tennessee when that unit was organized in October 1862. It was then transferred to cavalry service und Brigadier General Nathan B. Forrest, probably in late October. Major Rice E. Graves, Chief of Artillery of Major General John C. Breckinridge's Army of Middle Tennessee, reports on 11 November 1862 that Roberts' Battery along with Freeman's Tennessee Battery had been assigned to Forrest's Cavalry Brigade. The battery at this time comprised 2 six-pounder guns and 2 12-pounder bronze howitzers. Graves also provides information on the disposition of the batteries that made up Montgomery's Battalion. Brigadier General Forrest praised the conduct of Captain J.H. Wiggins, commanding Roberts' Battery in his report of the action at Nashville on 5 November 1862. Sometime prior to The Battle of Stones River the battery was transferred from General Forrest to General Wheeler's Cavalry.

During the Battle of Stone's River, December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Brigade. During the skirmishing leading up to the battle, the battery fought as independent sections under Lieutenants J.P. Bryant, and J.W. Calloway. Lieutenant Bryan lead one gun of one section which accompanied Major General John C. Breckinridge's attack on the Union left flank on January 2, 1863.

During the Tullahoma Campaign, which followed the Confederate defeat at Stones River, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General William T. Martin's Brigade of Wheeler's Cavalry. On April 17, 1863, Brigadier General William T. Martin ordered the battery to exchange two of its old guns for new howitzers. Martin was concerned that the two guns being turned in could not be moved due to their poor condition. Captain Wiggins compiled service records contain correspondence relating to Brigadier General Martin's orders to turn in two of his guns.  Wiggins reports that he had two rifled guns that had become very inaccurate due to the rifling becoming worn. He indicated that the howitzers in his battery were U.S. manufactured. Wiggins indicated that he had mounted his rifled guns on 12 lbs Howitzer carriages because these carriages required fewer horses to draw.  Captain Wiggins indicated that he had been directed to obtain horses for a six gun battery and that he was in need of a forge. On April 26, 1863 Major General Gordon Granger, commanding the reserve corps indicated that Martin's Division and Wiggins Battery had moved toward Chapel Hill, Tennessee. As the Union Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, maneuvered the Confederate Army of Tennessee out of its entrenchments around Shelbyville, Tennessee, on June 27, 1863, a section of the battery commanded by Captain Jannedens H. Wiggins was cut off from the main force. The section was overtaken, resulting in the capture of three artillery pieces and thirty soldiers. Twenty nine of those would remain prisoners of war until well into the summer of 1865, after the war's end, before being released in a general parole. However, Captain Wiggins was sent to an officers' prison, and was released during a prisoner exchange in the early summer of 1865, before the war ended. Thus, he was able to return to duty for the unit's last action. When Captain Wiggins was captured, command of the battery fell to 1st Lieutenant J.P. Bryant.

During the Chickamauga Campaign, the battery as assigned to Colonel Alfred A. Russell's 2nd Brigade of Brigadier General William T. Martin's division of Major General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. Wheeler and his troopers guarded the army's left flank at Chickamauga in September 1863, and after the routed Union Army collected in Chattanooga, Gen. Bragg sent Wheeler's men into central Tennessee to destroy railroads and Federal supply lines in a major raid. On October 2 his raid at Anderson's Cross Roads (also known as Powell's Crossroads) destroyed more than 700 Union supply wagons, tightening the Confederates siege on Chattanooga. Pursued by his Union counterparts, Wheeler advanced to McMinnville and captured its 600-man garrison. There were more actions at Murfreesboro and Farmington, but by October 9 Wheeler had safely crossed the Tennessee River at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. During this raid two of Wiggin's guns had to be abandoned due to their poor condition.

The extensive raid caused the mounted arm of the army to miss the battles for Chattanooga (November 23–25). Wheeler returned from his raid in time to cover Bragg's retreat from Chattanooga following the Union breakthrough at Missionary Ridge on November 25. Wheeler's cavalry and Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne's infantry fought at the Battle of Ringgold Gap on November 27.

Wheeler and his men also supported Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's ultimately unsuccessful efforts during the Knoxville Campaign from November 4 to December 23, 1863.  During the Knoxville Campaign, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General John T. Morgan's Division of Major General William T. Martin's Cavalry Corps. The battery was mentioned for its part in the Battle of Bean's Station, December 14, 1863, in Grainger County, Tennessee.

On April 1, 1864, Captain W.L. Scott, Chief of Artillery filed a report of light batteries in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. Wiggins Battery is listed as belonging to Brigadier General Martin's division of Major General Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. Scott was apparently only able to report the status of one section of the battery which was stationed at Oxford Alabama and contained 44 effectives with eight absent.  The section had six serviceable horses and three unserviceable animals.

On April 1, 1864, as Confederate Forces were re-organized for the Atlanta Campaign, General Order No. 29 assigned Brigadier General Francis A. Shoup to command the artillery of the Army of Tennessee and Wiggin's Battery was assigned to support Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.  Brigadier General Shoup divided the artillery into battalions assigned to each corps. On April 30, 1864, Wiggins Battery, now under the command of 1st Lieutenant J.P. Bryant, was assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Feliex H. Robertson's Artillery Battalion in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. On June 30, 1864, the battery is again listed as assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Feliex H. Robertson's Artillery Battalion in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. During the Atlanta Campaign Wheeler's cavalry corps screened the flanks of the Army of Tennessee as Gen. Joseph E. Johnston drew back from several positions toward Atlanta. In July, Sherman sent two large cavalry columns to destroy the railroads supplying the defenders of Atlanta. With fewer than 5,000 cavalrymen, Wheeler defeated the enemy raids, resulting in the capture of one of the two commanding generals, Maj. Gen. George Stoneman. In August, Wheeler's corps crossed the Chattahoochee River in an attempt to destroy the railroad Sherman was using to supply his force from Chattanooga. Wheeler's men captured the town of Dalton, but he was unable to defeat the Union garrison protected in a nearby fort. Wheeler then took his men into East Tennessee, crossing the Tennessee River above Knoxville. His raid continued to the west, causing minor interruptions in the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad and then continued south through Franklin until he re-crossed the Tennessee at Tuscumbia. Wheeler's raid was described by historian Ed Bearss as a "Confederate disaster" because it caused minimum damage to the Union while denying Gen. John Bell Hood, now in command of the Army of Tennessee, the direct support of his cavalry arm. Without accurate intelligence of Sherman's dispositions, Hood was beaten at Jonesborough and forced to evacuate Atlanta. Wheeler rendezvoused with Hood's army in early October after destroying the railroad bridge at Resaca.

In July 1864, Colonel Feliex H. Robertson demanded the discharge of 1st Lieutenant J.P. Bryant for inefficiency and incompetence. Bryant tendered his resignation on November 27, 1864, and was discharged in accordance with A.&.I.G.O. Special Order No. 291/35, dated December 8, 1864. Lieutenant Thomas M. Ellis assumed command of the battery following Bryant's discharge.

In late 1864, Wheeler's cavalry did not accompany Hood on his Franklin-Nashville Campaign back into Tennessee and was virtually the only effective Confederate force to oppose Sherman's March to the Sea to Savannah. On January 15, 1865, Colonel G.G. Dibrell, commanding the Cavalry Division, reported that he had with him Sergeant McDaniel and two guns of Wiggins Battery.  When Lieutenant General William J. Hardee provided a return of his command, The Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, Wiggins' Battery, now under the command of Lieutenant Thomas M. Ellis, is listed as belonging to an artillery battalion, commanded by Major James Hamilton, in Iverson's Division of Major General Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.

Wheeler and his men continued to attempt to stop Sherman in the spring 1865 Carolinas Campaign. He defeated a Union cavalry force under Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick at Aiken, South Carolina, February 11. He was replaced as cavalry chief by Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton and fought under him at the Battle of Bentonville on March 19–20, 1865.

In April 1865, Captain Wiggins, recently released from his prisoner of war status, reunited with his battery, which was by this time was located in North Carolina.

Surrender
On April 18, 1865, three days after the death of President Abraham Lincoln, General Joseph E. Johnston signed an armistice with General Sherman at Bennett Place, a farmhouse near Durham Station. On April 19, 1865, The 10th Michigan Cavalry was at Newton, North Carolina, paroling prisoners. 11 men, including Captain Wiggins were paroled at Newton, North Carolina, on April 19, 1865. Of the just over 160 men that had served in the battery from the beginning of the war, only 11 remained at the time of their surrender. Sherman got himself into political hot water by offering terms of surrender to Johnston that encompassed political issues as well as military, without authorization from General Grant or the United States government. The confusion on this issue lasted until April 26, when Johnston agreed to purely military terms and formally surrendered his army and all Confederate forces in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida.

See also

 List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units
 Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
 Confederate Units by State
 Arkansas in the American Civil War
 Arkansas Militia in the Civil War

Notes

References

 Arkansas. (1860). Militia law of the state of Arkansas. Little Rock: Johnson & Yerkes, State Printers.

 Bearss, Edwin C. "Joseph Wheeler." In The Confederate General, vol. 6, edited by William C. Davis and Julie Hoffman. Harrisburg, PA: National Historical Society, 1991. .
 Catton, Bruce, A Stillness at Appomattox, Doubleday 1953, Library of Congress # 53-9982,
 Cunningham, E., Joiner, G. D., Smith, T. B., & ebrary, Inc. (2009). Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862. New York: Savas Beatie.
 Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson, and David L. Bongard. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. .
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Nevin, D., & Time-Life Books. (1983). The road to Shiloh: Early battles in the West. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books.

 Upton, E., Sanger, J. P., Beach, W. D., & Rhodes, C. D. (1916). The military policy of the United States. Washington: Govt. Print. Off.
 United States. (1961). Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers who served in organizations from the State of Arkansas. Washington [D.C.]: National Archives, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

External links
Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
The Arkansas History Commission, State Archives, Civil War in Arkansas
Confederate Arkansas Regiments
2nd Arkansas Light Artillery
Wiggins Battery, Arkansas Horse Artillery, Civil War Reenactors

Artillery units and formations of the American Civil War
Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Arkansas
1865 disestablishments in Arkansas
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
Military units and formations in Arkansas
Military in Arkansas
1860 establishments in Arkansas


When the actual benefits of a venture are less than the projected or estimated benefits, the result is known as a benefit shortfall.

If, for instance, a company is launching a new product or service and projected sales are 40 million dollars per year, whereas actual annual sales turn out to be only 30 million dollars, then the benefit shortfall is said to be 25 percent. Sometimes the terms "demand shortfall" or "revenue shortfall" are used instead of benefit shortfall.

Public and private enterprises alike fall victim to benefit shortfalls. Prudent planning of new ventures will include the risk of benefit shortfalls in risk assessment and risk management.

The discipline of benefits realisation management seeks to identify any benefits shortfall as early as possible in a project or programmes delivery in order to allow corrective action to be taken, costs to be controlled and benefits realised.

See also
Cost overrun
Cost-benefit analysis
Downside risk
Efficient contract theory
Hiding hand principle
Optimism bias
Planning fallacy
Reference class forecasting
Underconsumption – macroeconomic form

References

 Cost Management: Book: Measuring, Monitoring & Motivating Performance By K. P. Gupta

Problems in business economics


The Dubai Marathon is an annual road-based marathon hosted by Dubai, United Arab Emirates, since 1998. The marathon is categorized as a Gold Label Road Race by World Athletics.

History

Initial era

The inaugural Dubai Marathon was held on .  The marathon started outside the Al Wasl Club, and ended inside the Al Wasl Stadium.  About 150 runners participated, with 48 of them finishing the race.

The Association of Road Racing Statisticians (ARRS) has no record of a marathon occurring in Dubai in 1999.

The event changed management in 1999 for the second edition of the event and moved to January 2000 with no event in 1999 moving for better weather conditions when the IAAF Officially Measured route was measured by Grade A Course Measurer, Paul Hodgson and became a fully recognised edition for results from 2000 when held starting and finishing outside the Al Wasl Club in Dubai on Friday, January 14, 2000.

Current era

The 2000 edition of the marathon was held on ; the event has usually been held on a Friday in January since.

In 2006, the marathon was postponed from  to  due to the sudden death of Sheikh Maktoum, Emir of Dubai, on .  The postponement meant that temperatures were higher than usual during the race, approaching .  Winner  was originally only meant to pace the first , but broke away from the pack once race organizers gave approval.

In April 2007, it was announced that the prizes for the 2008 race would be one million dollars offered for a world record and $250,000 for first place for both men and women, making this the long-distance running event with the greatest cash prizes in history.

The 2008 race was won by Haile Gebrselassie with a time of 2:04:53.  This was the second fastest recorded time for a marathon at that point, not fast enough to claim a world record or the million dollar prize.

The 2012 race proved to have one of the fastest finishing fields at that point: a record of four athletes finished in under two hours and five minutes. Ayele Abshero won with a course record time of 2:04:23 hours, which was the fourth fastest on the all-time lists and the fastest time ever run by an athlete running his first marathon. The other podium finishers also entered the all-time top ten: runner-up Dino Sefir became the eighth fastest man with a time of 2:04:50 hours, while Markos Geneti became the ninth fastest with a time of 2:04:54 hours.  Getaneh Molla became the 13th fastest man with a time of 2:04:56 hours, and Tadese Tola became the 16th fastest with a time of 2:05:10 hours.

The women's side was also fast; for the first time in history, the top three runners of a race all finished in under two hours and twenty minutes.  Aselefech Mergia finished with a time of 2:19:31 hours to win, setting an both a course record and an Ethiopian record and becoming the seventh fastest recorded woman. In her first marathon, runner-up Lucy Wangui Kabuu became the eighth fastest woman with a time of 2:19:34 hours, and Mare Dibaba became the 15th fastest woman, finishing in 2:19:52 hours. Fellow Ethiopians Bezunesh Bekele and Aberu Kebede moved up to the 16th and 17th fastest women of all time.

The 2013 event, run under a heavy fog, was also very fast. The Ethiopian winner Lelisa Desisa, won in a sprint finish of the last 200 meters with a time of 2:04:45, leading four other runners who also finished in under 2 hours, 5 minutes. On the women's side, Ethiopian Tirfi Tsegaye won with a time of 2:23:23, sixteen seconds ahead of fellow Ethiopian Ehitu Kiros. The top four runners on the men's side and the top six on the women's side were all Ethiopians.

In the 2018 race, a 13 year old Yashua Raphael Aboumourad set a Junior Record in the Dubai Marathon, finishing ninth overall in the men's race. He was poised for a bright future within the sport of long-distance running, however unfortunately sustained a serious rib contusion which has since kept him away from the track.

In 2020, the race organizers stated that they would "not be staging a marathon/mass participation event of any format in Dubai in January 2021" due to the coronavirus pandemic.

The 2022 edition of the race was postponed to  due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup hosted by Qatar, after marathon organizers realized that a shortage of accommodation in Qatar would mean that many football fans were planning to stay in Dubai during the football tournament, limiting accommodation and travel options for marathoners if the race were to be held during the tournament.

Course

Initial course

The course used in the inaugural race in 1998 started outside the Al Wasl Club and ended inside the Al Wasl Stadium.

World Trade Center course

The course start and finish was moved to the Dubai World Trade Centre.  During the marathon, runners crossed the Dubai Creek at one point by going under it via Al Shindagha Tunnel, and at another point by going over it via Al Garhoud Bridge.

Current course

The marathon starts on Umm Suqeim Street, a few blocks southeast of Madinat Jumeirah, and finishes about a few hundred metres further southeast.  The vast majority of the race is run entirely on D 94 road that runs a few blocks away from the coast, including on King Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud Street (formerly Al Sufouh Road) and Jumeirah Beach Road.

The course first heads briefly northwest before turning southwest for an out-and-back leg of roughly  of length each way on King Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud Street, running past the entrance to the Palm Jumeirah up to around the edge of Dubai Media City, and turning around before reaching the skyscrapers immediately southwest.

After returning to Umm Suqeim Street, marathoners then continue northeast for two repetitions of an out-and-back leg of roughly  of length each way on Jumeirah Beach Road, passing Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah Beach Hotel, and turning around on Al Mehemal Street a few hundred metres past Sunset Mall.

Afterward, the marathon turns back southeast onto Umm Suqeim Street for about  for the finish.

, the marathon course has a time limit of six hours.

Management

The event is organised by Pace Events FZ LLC,

Sponsorship

In 2001, Samsung became the title sponsor for four years.

In 2005, Standard Chartered became the title sponsor, and has been since, .

Winners

Key: Course record (in bold)

Initial era

Current era

Multiple wins

By country

See also
Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon
Zayed International Half Marathon

Notes

References

External links
 Dubai Marathon official site

Marathons in the United Arab Emirates
Sports competitions in Dubai
Recurring sporting events established in 1998
1998 establishments in the United Arab Emirates
Winter events in the United Arab Emirates


The Venice Conference was held in Venice on 29  and 30 May 1956. The Foreign Ministers of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community met at the Cini Foundation on the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore to discuss the Spaak Report of the Spaak Committee. At the conference the Foreign Ministers explained the views of the ECSC governments on the proposals in the Spaak Report.  As a result of the conference they decided to organize the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom in order to prepare for establishment of a common market and a European Community for the peaceful use of nuclear power.

The conference was chaired by Christian Pineau, French Minister for Foreign Affairs, and attended by Walter Hallstein (Federal Republic of Germany), Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium), Maurice Faure, French State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Gaetano Martino (Italy), Joseph Bech (Luxembourg) and Johan Willem Beyen (Netherlands).

See also
 Messina Conference
 History of the European Union

Sources
 The Venice Conference (29 and 30 May 1956). Picture on CVCE.eu (Centre for European Studies)
 Press release (Venice, 30 May 1956). Text available on CVCE.eu (Centre for European Studies)

History of the European Union
1950s in Venice
1956 conferences
1956 in Italy
Events in Venice
May 1956 events in Europe


General elections were held in Sierra Leone on 25 May 1962, just over a year after the country gained independence from the United Kingdom. This was the first to be held under universal suffrage. The elections were won by the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), although the party received fewer votes than independent candidates. SLPP leader Milton Margai remained Prime Minister.

Campaign
A total of 216 candidates contested the 62 seats, of which seven were won unopposed; four by the SLPP, two by the All People's Congress (APC) and one by an independent one. The SLPP nominated 59 candidates, the APC 32 and the Sierra Leone Progressive Independence Movement and the United Progressive Party four each. The other 117 candidates were independents.

Results

References

Elections in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
1962 in Sierra Leone
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
May 1962 events in Africa


Baotang Wuzhu (, 714–774CE), was the head and founder of Baotang Monastery () in Chengdu, Sichuan, south west China. Both (Kim Ho-shang) and Baotang Wuzhu were of the same school of Chinese Chán, the East Mountain Teaching (incorrectly known in Western scholarship by the pejorative nomenclature "Northern School").

Born in what is now Shaanxi Province, his father had served in the army during the early years of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Wuzhu, also known for his strength and martial abilities, served in a yamen as Patrolling Grand Lance Officer before beginning his study of Buddhism under the enlightened layman Chen Chuzang.

See also
 Trisong Detsen (755–797 or 804 CE)
 Shenxiu (; c.606–706)

Notes

Further reading
 Adamek, Wendi L. (2011). The Teachings of Master Wuzhu: Zen and Religion of No-Religion. New York: Columbia University Press.  (pbk.)
 Matsumoto, Shiro (松本史郞) (undated). Critical Considerations on Zen Thought. Komazawa University. Source:  (accessed: January 25, 2008)
 Poceski, Mario (undated). Attitudes Towards Canonicity and Religious Authority in Tang Chan. University of Florida. Source:  (accessed: January 25, 2008)
 Poceski, Mario (2007). Patterns of Engagement with Chan Teachings Among the Mid-Tang Literati. Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting, Boston 2007. “Intersections of Buddhist Practice, Art, and Culture in Tang China” Panel. University of Florida. Source:  (accessed: January 25, 2008)

Buddhism in China
8th-century Chinese philosophers
Chinese Buddhist monks
Chan Buddhists
8th-century Buddhist monks


Yvonne Margarula is an Aboriginal Australian environmentalist who won the 1998 Friends of the Earth International Environment Award and the 1998 Nuclear-Free Future Award.  She also won the 1999 US Goldman Environmental Prize, with Jacqui Katona, in recognition of efforts to protect their country and culture against uranium mining.

Protests
The Mirrar, an Aboriginal Australian people, led by Margarula and Katona, mounted a large campaign in opposition to the proposed Jabiluka uranium mine in the Northern Territory of Australia.  They used legal action and education to gain national and international support.  In March 1998 the Mirarr, together with environmental organizations, used massive on-site civil disobedience to create one of the largest blockades in Australia's history. Over several months, approximately 5,000 people from across Australia and around the world travelled to the remote camp to protest with the Mirarr people. In July the land was cleared by Energy Resources of Australia and construction of the entrance to the Jabiluka mine began; however, protesters intervened and about 550 were arrested, including Margarula and Katona.

In 2011, Margarula wrote a public letter to Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations, expressing sorrow that uranium from Mirarr land was used in the Fukushima plant.

See also
List of Australian inquiries into uranium mining
List of Nuclear-Free Future Award recipients
Uranium in the environment
Uranium mining in Kakadu National Park
Women and the environment through history

References

External links
Aborigines count cost of mine

Australian environmentalists
Australian women environmentalists
Australian indigenous rights activists
Women human rights activists
Australian women activists
Australian anti-uranium activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Goldman Environmental Prize awardees


Aurèle Lacombe (January 28, 1887 – March 6, 1963) was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Early life

He was born on January 28, 1887, in Sainte-Scholastique, Laurentides (now part of Mirabel, Quebec). He was a union activist.

Political career

He ran as a Labour candidate in the district of Montréal-Dorion in the 1919 provincial election and won against Liberal incumbent Georges Mayrand. Lacombe kept the Labor label, but was appointed Minister without Portfolio in Alexandre Taschereau's Cabinet on September 27, 1921.

He finished second in the 1923 election and was defeated by Independent Liberal candidate Ernest Tétreau.

References

1887 births
1963 deaths
Labour Party (Quebec) MNAs
People from Mirabel, Quebec
French Quebecers


Condylocardiidae is a family of small marine bivalve clams of the order Carditida.

Genera
 Benthocardiella Powell, 1930
 Carditella E. A. Smith, 1881
 Carditopsis E. A. Smith, 1881
 Condylocardia Bernard, 1896
 Condylocuna Iredale, 1896
 Cuna Hedley, 1902

References

 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

Bivalve families
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck


Samyukta () is a  mobile integrated electronic warfare system. Touted to be the largest electronic warfare system in India, it was developed jointly by DRDO, Bharat Electronics Limited, Electronics Corporation of India Limited, and Corps of Signals of Indian Army. The System is fully mobile and is meant for tactical battlefield use. It covers wide range of frequencies and coverage of electromagnetic spectrum is handled by the communication segment and the non-communication segment. Its functions include various ELINT, COMINT and electronic attack (ECM) activities.

Description
Each system operates on 145 ground mobile vehicles which has three communication and two non-communication segments and can cover an area of 150 km by 70 km. System has the capability for surveillance, analysis, interception, direction finding, and position fixing, listing, prioritising and jamming of all communication and radar signals from HF to MMW.

Development
The development of the system was led by Defence Electronics Research Laboratory, Bharat Electronics Limited, Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Corps of Signals of Indian Army and private companies like Data Patterns India Ltd (Chennai), CMC and Tata Power Company Ltd. Strategic Electronics Division (Tata Power SED). Around 40 companies also contributed by producing various components indigenously. Aatre said that the challenge was to tackle the sanctions imposed by the United States after 1998 nuclear tests conducted by India which banned the import of advanced electronic components. CMC and Tata Power SED jointly developed Command and Control Software having 10 million lines of code even though project was not attractive commercially.

References

External links
Samyukta: Adding Sheen to EW System
TataPowerSED Electronics Warfare

Electronic warfare
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Military equipment of India
Electronic warfare equipment


Fancy was a 46-gun frigate commanded by pirate Henry Every between May 1694 to late 1695.

History

Fancy was initially a 46-gun privateer named Charles II  – after Charles II of Spain – in Spanish service, commanded by a Captain Gibson, and was anchored at A Coruña, Spain. On 7 May 1694, Henry Every and a few other conspirators organised and carried out a successful mutiny and, setting Captain Gibson ashore, left A Coruña for the Cape of Good Hope. At this time, Charles II was renamed Fancy.

Upon arriving at the Cape, Every sailed to the island of Johanna (Anjouan) in the Comoros Islands, where he had Fancy careened, removing barnacles and weed from the section of the hull that was permanently below water, increasing her speed. He also had Fancy razeed, intentionally removing parts of the ship's superstructure in order to increase her speed. Following this work, Fancy became one of the fastest ships active in the Indian Ocean, and Every used this speed to attack and take a French pirate ship, looting the vessel and recruiting approximately 40 of the crew to his own ship, leaving him with a total complement of around 150.

Every continued to be active in the Indian Ocean, where he worked alongside other famous pirates of his time, including Thomas Tew. Most notable in his captures was Ganj-i-Sawai, a Mughal ship under the command of Ibrahim Khan during Emperor Aurangzeb's era. Since Ganj-I-Sawai mounted 62 cannons and had four to five hundred musket-armed guards, cannon fire from Fancy was instrumental in Every's victory – the first salvo caused a cannon aboard Ganj-I-Siwai to explode, killing a number of gunners. Every's career ended when the crew returned to Nassau in April 1696, in the Bahamas. He returned to Britain aboard the sloop Sea Flower, arriving in Ireland in June 1696 and promptly disappearing.

Although the fate of Fancy is unknown, it was rumored that Every gave her to the governor of Nassau as a bribe. There is supporting documentary evidence that Fancy ran aground on New Providence and Governor Trott had the guns and everything of value stripped.

References

Sources
 FOX, E.T., King of the Pirates: The Swashbuckling Life of Henry Every, The History press, Stroud, Glos. 2008,

Further reading

 BAER, Joel H. Pirates of the British Isles, Tempus Publishing, London 2005
 HANNA, Mark G., Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570–1740, University of North Carolina Press 2015
 PRESTON, Diana & Michael, A Pirate of Exquisite Mind –The Life of William Dampier, Corgi Books 2005
 PRINGLE, Patrick, Jolly Rodger, The Story of the Great Age of Piracy, Dover Publications Inc., New York 2001

Age of Sail ships of England
Pirate ships
Privateer ships
1690s ships
Charles II of Spain


USS San Saba (APA-232) was a  which served with the US Navy in World War II. Commissioned in December 1944, she arrived just too late to see action, and spent the last weeks of the war on transport missions.

San Saba was named after a county in Texas. She was laid down on 29 September 1944 under Maritime Commission contract (MCV hull 678) by Kaiser Shipbuilding of Vancouver, Washington; launched on 12 November 1944; acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission on loan-charter basis on 3 December 1944; and commissioned the same day.

Operational history

World War II
After trials and amphibious training, San Saba departed San Francisco on 1 July 1945 for the Marshall Islands to transport troops and war supplies. She reached Eniwetok on 14 July; and, during the two months following, carried out transport missions to Ulithi, Caroline Islands; Leyte, Philippines; Manus, Admiralty Islands; Milne Bay, New Guinea; back to the Philippines at Mindoro, Subic Bay, and Manila; and thence on occupation duty to Yokohama, Sendai, Mutsu Kawa, and Ishinomaki Wan, Japan.

San Saba returned to Leyte temporarily at the end of September before sailing for San Francisco on 6 October. En route, she was detoured to Seattle, Washington, where she arrived on the 24th.

Following a period in drydock at Everett, Washington, she made a voyage in November and December to Okinawa and returned to San Pedro, California. On 14 January 1946, ownership of San Saba was transferred to the Navy Department; and, by the end of February, she had completed a passenger/cargo run to the Marianas. A month later, she departed San Francisco to carry troops to Okinawa and returned on 4 May.

San Saba sailed on 18 May for China and arrived at Shanghai on 5 June. She got underway on the 10th and steamed to Okinawa to embark over 900 Naval personnel for transport to Yokosuka, Japan. She returned to San Diego on 4 July. On the 17th of July, she was ordered to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard at San Francisco for inactivation.

Decommission
On 17 December 1946, San Saba was decommissioned and assigned to the San Francisco Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. On 1 October 1958, she was transferred to the Maritime Commission, struck from the Navy List, and was placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California. Through June 1974, SS San Saba remained at Suisun Bay. Her Final Disposition, sold, 8 May 1975, to Zidell Explorations Inc. (non-transportation use), scrapping, 8 May 1975, delivered, 19 May 1975.

References
San Saba (APA-232), DANFS Online.
APA-232 San Saba, Navsource Online.

''San Saba website'

Haskell-class attack transports
San Saba County, Texas
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Vancouver, Washington
1944 ships


Fountain is an unincorporated community in the historic Moredock Precinct of Monroe County, Illinois, United States, located just off Bluff Road in the American Bottoms, situated next to the levees lining Fountain Creek as it makes its way west toward the Mississippi River.

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Metro East


The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1952 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1952. California gained seven seats as a result of the 1950 Census, five of which were won by Republicans and two by Democrats. Of California's existing districts, Republicans won two Democratic-held seats.

Overview

Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

District 8

District 9

District 10

District 11

District 12

District 13

District 14

District 15

District 16

District 17

District 18

District 19

District 20

District 21

District 22

District 23

District 24

District 25

District 26

District 27

District 28

District 29

District 30

See also
83rd United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
1952 United States House of Representatives elections

References
California Elections Page
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present)
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions

1952
California
United States House of Representatives


Joseph Gauthier (March 11, 1877 – June 27, 1934) was a politician Quebec, Canada and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (MLA).

Early life

He was born on March 11, 1877, in Montreal, the son of Édouard Gauthier and Célina Richard. He became a typographer and a union activist. Gauthier worked at L'Étendard and then La Patrie. In 1899, he married Mélina Bourgeois.

Political career

He ran as a Labour candidate in the district of Montréal–Sainte-Marie in a by-election held on December 22, 1921, and won. Gauthier was defeated by Conservative candidate Camillien Houde in the 1923 provincial election.

Gauthier defeated Houde and was re-elected as a Liberal in 1927 provincial election. His election was declared void in 1927. Gauthier was not a candidate in the subsequent by-election.

Death

He died on June 27, 1934, in Montreal and was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.

References

1877 births
1934 deaths
Labour Party (Quebec) MNAs
Politicians from Montreal
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery


N,N′-Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) is a cyclic urea sometimes used as a polar, aprotic organic solvent. In 1985, Dieter Seebach showed that it is possible to replace the suspected carcinogen hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) with DMPU.

References

Further reading

Solvents
Green chemistry

Amide solvents
Amides
Ureas
Nitrogen heterocycles
Heterocyclic compounds with 1 ring


Warren Joseph Samuels (September 14, 1933 – August 17, 2011) was an American economist and historian of economic thought. He received a BBA from University of Miami, Miami, FL and obtained his Ph.D. from University of Wisconsin–Madison. After holding academic posts in the University of Missouri, Georgia State University, Atlanta, and University of Miami, he was appointed Professor of Economics in Michigan State University in 1968, where he stayed until his retirement in 1998.

Warren Samuels made contributions to the history of economic thought and the methodology of economics. His work was inspired primarily by his "interest in generating greater clarity as to the economic role of government both in the history of economic thought and in contemporary economics". He described himself as "a self-professed institutionalist (in a blend of several other schools)."

Samuels received the Distinguished Faculty Award from Michigan State University.  He was a founding member of the History of Economics Society, recipient of the Veblen-Commons Award from the Association for Evolutionary Economics and longtime editor of its Journal of Economic Issues.

Major publications

 Essays on the History of Economics (with Willie Henderson, Kirk Johnson, and Marianne Johnson, 2004.

 The Economy as a Process of Valuation (with Steven G. Medema and A. Allan Schmid), 1997.
 Economic Thought and Discourse in the Twentieth Century (with Jeff Biddle and Thomas Patchak-Schuster), 1993.
 Gardiner C. Means: Institutionalist and Post-Keynesian (with Steven G. Medema), 1990.
 Pareto on Policy, 1974.
 The Classical Theory of Economic Policy, 1966.

References

Secondary sources
 M. Blaug (ed.) - Who's who in economics (3d edition), 1999.
 Ross Emmett - Biography

External reference
Warren J. Samuels' Homepage at Michigan State University

20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
Historians of economic thought
Miami University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Missouri faculty
Michigan State University faculty
1933 births
2011 deaths


Foster Pond is an unincorporated community in the historic Bluff Precinct of Monroe County, Illinois, United States. It is located along the historic road, the present Illinois Route 156 which ran from the landings on the Mississippi River at the old county seat of Harrisonville to Waterloo and beyond.

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Metro East


The Noordwijk Conference was held in Noordwijk, near The Hague, on 6 September 1955 to evaluate the progress made by the Spaak Committee set up by the Messina Conference. The conference was attended by the Foreign Ministers of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Chairman of the conference was Johan Willem Beyen, then Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs.

At the conference Paul-Henri Spaak presented an interim report of the Spaak Committee so the attendants could evaluate the progress made in the technical activities of the committee. Spaak informed his colleagues of the difficulties on transport and conventional energy (coal, oil) and paid attention also to agricultural issues. As a result, Spaak requested two more months in order to prepare his final report. Although progress had been made, the press release lead to the conclusion that the committee had run into an impasse.

See also
 Messina Conference
 Venice Conference

Sources
 The Noordwijk Conference
 'M. Spaak parle des entretiens de Noordwijk' dans La Métropole (9 September 1955)

1955 in the European Economic Community
History of the European Union
Noordwijk


Chaflin Bridge is an unincorporated community in the historic Mitchie Precinct of Monroe County, Illinois, United States. It lies on the old Bluff Road in the American Bottoms between Fults and the old site of Valmeyer and near Maeystown.

History
It was settled in 1796 by Isaac Chaflin and his son William, who arrived in the area from England, via Pennsylvania. Another son, James, was massacred along with his entire family when they were forced to stop for provisions while on their way to the area, travelling up the Mississippi from its confluence with the Ohio at Cairo, which was the main route for those moving west from the Appalachians.

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Illinois
Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Metro East
Populated places established in 1796
1796 establishments in the Northwest Territory


Lawlor is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arts and entertainment
Charlotte Lawlor (1878–1941), New Zealand poet, writer and advertising designer
Gerri Lawlor, American actress
 John Lawlor (sculptor) (1820–1901), Irish sculptor
 John Lawlor (actor), American actor
Mary Lawlor (actress) (1907–1977), American stage and screen actress
 Sean Lawlor (1954–2009), Irish actor and playwright
 Stephen Lawlor, Irish artist
 Thomas Lawlor (opera singer), British opera singer

Politics
 James Fintan Lalor (1807–1849), Irish revolutionary and writer
 Liam Lawlor (1945–2005), Irish politician
 Mike Lawlor, American politician and professor
 Patsy Lawlor (1933–1997), Irish politician
 Peter Lawlor (born 1948), Australian politician
 Thomas Lawlor (politician) (died 1945), Irish politician

Sport
 Jim Lawlor (hurler) (1878–?), Irish hurler
 Jimmy Lawlor (1933–2012), Irish footballer
 Kit Lawlor (1922–2004), Irish footballer
 Liam Lawlor (hurler) (born 1985), Irish hurler
 Mick Lawlor (Gaelic footballer), Irish Gaelic footballer
 Mick Lawlor (association footballer) (born 1949), Irish former footballer
 Mike Lawlor (baseball) (1854–1918), American baseball player
 Pat Lawlor (hurler), Irish retired hurler
 Paul Lawlor, Irish Gaelic footballer
 Peter Lawlor (hurler), Irish hurler
 Raymond Lawlor (1888–1946), American soccer player
 Tom Lawlor (born 1983), American mixed martial artist
 Tyler Lawlor (born 1972), Canadian slalom canoeist

Other
 Edward Lawlor (1907–1987), Church of the Nazarene minister
 James Fintan Lalor (1807–1849), Irish journalist and revolutionary
 Krista Lawlor, American philosopher
 Mary Lawlor (human rights advocate) (born 1952), Irish activist
 Pat Lawlor, American pinball machine designer
 Robbie Lawlor (Irish criminal) (died 2020), Irish criminal
 Robert Lawlor, anthropologist

See also
 Lawlor Island
 Lawlor Events Center
 Lalor
 O'Lawlor
 Lawler (disambiguation)

English-language surnames
Surnames of Irish origin


Stonehenge is an outback town and locality in the Shire of Barcoo, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Stonehenge had a population of 58 people.

Geography
Stonehenge is in the Channel Country.

Nearby is one of three areas used to base the Australian Department of Defence's over-the-horizon radar system.

History

Its name originates from when the area was a stopping point for bullock teams. A stone hut used by the bullock drivers to overnight in eventually fell into disuse, and the stone remains became known as 'Stonehenge'.

The Stonehenge State School opened on 3 September 1900. The school closed in 1947 but subsequently reopened. It closed again on 1 February 1977 but reopened again on 27 January 1981.

At the , Stonehenge and the surrounding area had a population of 106.

The Stonehenge Library opened in 2009.

In the , the locality of Stonehenge had a population of 44 people.

In the , the locality of Stonehenge had a population of 58 people.

Facilities

Stonehenge has a sports centre and community centre.

The Barcoo Shire Council operates a public library at 9 Stratford Street.

Education
Stonehenge State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys at 27 Bulford Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 7 students with  2 teachers and 4 non-teaching staff (1 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 4 students with 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (1 full-time equivalent). The school motto is 'Strong and Proud'.

There is no secondary school in Stonehenge. The nearest one is in Longreach ; other options are boarding schools and distance education.

References

Further reading

 McIvor, Roy (2010). Cockatoo: My Life in Cape York. Stories and Art. Roy McIvor. Magabala Books. Broome, Western Australia. .

Towns in Queensland
Shire of Barcoo
Localities in Queensland


Louis de Bourbon (1473 – 1520) styled as the Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon was born in 1473. He was the son of John II, Count of Vendôme and Isabel de Beauveau. He married his cousin, Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, eldest daughter of Gilbert of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier and Clara Gonzaga, on 21 March 1504, by whom he had three children. He died in 1520.

Issue
 Suzanne de Bourbon (1508–1570), married Claude de Rieux, Count of Harcoute and Aumale, by whom she had issue.
 Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier (10 June 1513- 23 September 1582), married firstly in 1538, Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (died 28 August 1561). His second wife was Catherine de Lorraine.
 Charles de Bourbon, Prince of La Roche sur Yon (1515-1565), married Philippe de Montespédon, Dame de Beaupreau (died 1575), by whom he had two short-lived children: a son, Henri, and a daughter, Jeanne.

Notes

Sources

House of Bourbon
French princes
Dukes of Montpensier
House of Bourbon (France)
1473 births
1520 deaths


"Symphony of Life" is a song written by Tina Arena and Peter-John Vettese, produced by Vettese for Arena's fourth album, Just Me (2001). It was released as the album's third single in Australia on 16 September 2002. The song became Arena's fifth top-10 single in Australia and her sixth top-50 single in France, where the song was recorded in French under the title "Symphonie de l'âme". Arena stated that the song challenged her and that she is proud of the song.

Content and writing
In the inside cover of her 2004 greatest hits album, Arena states:

Music video
The music video for the song was directed by Yannick Saillet and had a colourful fantasy theme to the 7-inch Metro Mix version of the song. The video opens up to Arena walking on water wearing a brown dress and them comes across two girls in blue dresses dancing in pink flowers. The next scene, the chorus, shows Arena walking and dancing in a desert arena with many other girls dressed in brown. Once the second verse kicks in, Arena is then shown laying on grass with pink flower petals scattered around her and girls dressed in leaves are dancing. The last fantasy scene shows Arena walking and then dancing in an ice land with giant snowballs surrounding her and dancers dressed in white. The rest of the video shows parts of Arena dancing in the different fantasy areas. The music video was well received being played on Australian music channels Video Hits and Rage.

Track listings
Australian CD single
 "Symphony of Life"
 "Symphony of Life" (Metro mix 7-inch)
 "Symphony of Life" (Paulmac's extended Euroremix)
 "Symphonie de l'âme"

French CD single
 "Symphonie de l'âme" (radio edit) – 4:03
 "Symphony of Life" (album version) – 4:45
 "Symphonie de l'âme" (Metro remix) – 4:12

Charts

Live cover
"Symphony of Life" was performed live during season 2 of Australian Idol by eventual winner Casey Donovan on the Final 12 Australian Made theme night. Donovan received massive amounts of praise from the judges for this performance and she reprised the song at the grand finale at the Sydney Opera House where she was crowned the winner of the competition. The live version from the finale was used as a bonus track on Donovan's debut album For You.

References

2001 songs
2002 singles
Song recordings produced by Peter-John Vettese
Songs written by Peter-John Vettese
Songs written by Tina Arena
Tina Arena songs


Olivier Janzac (born 2 January 1980), born in Toulouse, France, is a French rugby league head coach of Villeneuve Leopards in the French Elite One Championship rugby league competition. He previously played for New York Knights in the AMNRL. His position of choice is at ,  and . He has also played for the France national rugby league team.

Coaching career
On 9 March 2021 it was reported that Olivier had been appointed as head coach of Villeneuve Leopards following the dismissal of Fabien Devecchi, who remains at the club albeit in a different role.

References

External links
http://www.newyorkknightsrugby.com/profiles_42.php

1980 births
Living people
Expatriate rugby league players in the United States
France national rugby league team players
French expatriate rugby league players
French expatriate sportspeople in the United States
French rugby league players
Lézignan Sangliers players
New York Knights players
Toulouse Olympique players
Villeneuve Leopards coaches


A Queen Mary trailer is a British semi-trailer combination designed for the carriage and recovery of aircraft. The trailer was made by Tasker Trailers of Andover, with Bedford or Crossley Motors tractors.

Description

Features included:
 Very low floor and ground clearance, typically around .
 Single axle.
 Wheels outboard of load area.
 Side rails to allow carriage of wings upright, resting on their leading edges.

Load was 5 tons "distributed evenly".

These features were a natural result of the intended load, aircraft being typically light but long.  The name is presumed to derive from its length, a reference to the ocean liner RMS Queen Mary.

Use
Nearly four thousand of these vehicles were used by the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm during and after World War II. It also saw service with the air forces of commonwealth air forces, including New Zealand.

Post-war civilian operators included Silver City Airways.

Notes and references

 Reference to delivery on Queen Mary Trailer, RAF Museum, Hendon
 Crossley vehicles collection

External links
 Photographs of Queen Mary trailer towed by a Bedford tractor at 2 M. T. RAF Lichfield; this is similar to the well-known Airfix model in the RAF Recovery set
 Photograph and brief text, a Hawker Tempest on a Queen Mary trailer following a crash landing
 Picture of a recovered crashed Lancaster bomber being transported on several Queen Mary trailers
 A picture of a de Havilland Comet airliner fuselage being carried on a Queen Mary trailer

Military trailers
World War II vehicles of the United Kingdom