Chung Mei is an area on the Tsing Yi Island in Hong Kong. It is also the name of a village on the island.

Name
Chung Mei means the end () of a stream (), in Cantonese. It might refer the stream of Liu To or a much shorter where the former villages sited. Both streams are located near the Tsing Yi Lagoon.

History
The original Chung Mei was located on the valley at the present-day Lam Tin Resite Village, below Tiger's Head (). Chung Mei was two villages. One was Ha Chung Mei (), namely "lower Chung Mei". Another was Sheung Chung Mei (), namely "upper Chung Mei". While Ha Chung Mei was sited near the Tsing Yi Lagoon, Sheung Chung Mei was sited higher on valley. The position of Ha Chung Mei is close to present-day TWGHs S. C. Gaw Memorial College. The stream of Liu To and Sheung Chung Mei made cultivation available. According to James Hayes, the cultivation on the island was mainly rice and pineapple.

Along the shore of Tsing Yi Lagoon, from the villages, to the east was Sheung Ko Tan and to the north was Tai Wong Ha. The Tsing Yi Town was at the northeast of Chung Mei, across the lagoon.

In the 1980s, the villages were forced to re-site during the expansion of Tsuen Wan New Town. The original Chung Mei and its surrounding was flatten and reclaimed for re-siting four villages on the Tsing Yi Island. The villages of Chung Mei was combined with Lo Uk () and relocated east on the higher ground above Sheung Ko Tan. The resited villages was named Chung Mei Lo Uk Tsuen () though they are administrated separately. Apart from villages, owing to the destruction of old Tsing Yi Town, many retailers have moved their shops into this village and formed a market. The market still operates everyday even though many new markets were built on the island.

As the new establishment of the village, the name of Chung Mei also commonly refers to its present site and surrounding villages, rather than its former location.

Administration
The original Chung Mei Tsuen was composed of indigenous inhabitants of Chan () family. They have representatives in the Tsing Yi Rural Committee, a composition organisation of Heung Yee Kuk. But after the relocation, many outsiders moved in. The villages thus also has to create one representative for non-indigenous inhabitants.

The villages of Chung Mei and Lo Uk are recognized villages under the New Territories Small House Policy.

Surroundings
West of Chung Mei is an unnamed valley. To its east is resite village of Sheung Ko Tan and Tsing Yi Lutheran Village.

There is one road named after the village, namely Chung Mei Road. The road connects Ching Hong Road and Tsing Yi Heung Sze Wui Road. It is one of major roads of the island.

Across Chung Mei Road is Cheung Hong Estate, the largest public housing estates on the island.

See also
 List of villages in Hong Kong

References

External links

 Delineation of area of existing village Chung Mei Tsuen (Tsing Yi) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)
 Delineation of area of existing village Lo Uk Tsuen (Tsing Yi) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)

Tsing Yi
Villages in Kwai Tsing District, Hong Kong


Company B is the debut album by girl-group trio Company B. Released in 1987 on Atlantic Records, the album generated several dance club hits.  Group members at the time of the recording consisted of Lori L. (Ledesma), Lezlee Livrano and Susan Johnson, and all tracks were written and produced by Miami-based musician Ish "Angel" Ledesma.

Comprising eight Hi-NRG and Latin freestyle tracks, the album spawned four U.S. Hot Dance Club Play hits, including the single "Fascinated," which hit number one. The song also crossed over to pop radio and peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100.  Following the success of Company B, Livrano and Johnson left the group and were replaced by new members.

Track listing
 "Fascinated" — (5:24)
 "Spin Me Around" — (4:57)
 "Signed in Your Book of Love" — (5:31)
 "I'm Satisfied" — (5:12)
 "Perfect Lover" — (4:58)
 "Full Circle" — (5:43)
 "Jam on Me" — (5:06)
 "Infatuate Me" — (5:08)

Singles
 1987 "Fascinated" (#21 U.S., #1 U.S. dance)
 1987 "Full Circle" (#5 U.S. dance)
 1988 "Perfect Lover" (#12 U.S. dance)
 1988 "Signed in Your Book of Love" (#9 U.S. dance)

Chart performance

References

1987 debut albums
Company B (band) albums
Atlantic Records albums


Community Home Entertainment (CHE) is a former American cable television company which began providing analog cable services to Bronx, New York in 1983 with most customers residing in Co-op City, Bronx. Since then they have grown rapidly extending their offerings to broadband Internet and digital cable services.

History

Co-op City built-in TV cable network of the 35 buildings made set-top antennas unworkable when the state's largest Mitchell-Lama complex was built in the pre-cable 1960s, so each unit was connected by cable to a master antenna to receive broadcast TV channels free and in-house channels for a fee. CHE had only 16 employees dynamically servicing thousands of cable and high-speed Internet customers. CHE provided television services at affordable rates below the competition. Around 2004 the company launch digital cable service. Future plans were to include VOIP home calling, but that never happened.  Cablevision purchased CHE in 2007, and agreed to spend $300,000 in building improvements to the cable infrastructure.  Cablevision was purchased by Altice USA in 2015.

References

Cable television companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in New York City
Companies based in the Bronx
Co-op City, Bronx


Frank Howard Card (December 28, 1944 – April 14, 2021) was an American basketball player who played five seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA).

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he played collegiately for the South Carolina State University.

He was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 7th round (77th pick overall) of the 1967 NBA draft.

He played for the Minnesota Pipers (1968–69), Washington Caps (1969–70), Virginia Squires (1970–71), Carolina Cougars (1970–71) and Denver Rockets (1971–73) in the ABA for 306 games.

Following his retirement from basketball, Card worked for the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority for nearly 25 years. He died on April 14, 2021.

Early life and education
Frank Howard Card was born to Catherine Cheers and Frank Card on December 28, 1944 in Philadelphia, PA. Card graduated from West Philadelphia High School and earned a scholarship to South Carolina State University. His passion in life at that time was to play basketball, and growing up he honed his skills on the playgrounds of his West Philly neighborhood.

Work and career
Card served in the Army from April 1965 for three years.

During this time he started playing for the Baker League, where he became known for his jumping ability and earned the nick name “Watusi”. He went on to be selected by the 76ers in the 7th round of the 1967 NBA draft. He played for the Minnesota Pipers, Washington Caps, Virginia Squires, Carolina Cougars and Denver Rockets. He also played pro ball in Europe for several years. During that time he also served in the Army from April 1965 to April 1968.

Following his retirement from basketball, Card worked for the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority[SEPTA] for nearly 25 years.

Death and legacy
Card was known for socializing and making friends. His infectious smile, energy and sense of humor was as big as he was. He mentored many of his younger male coworkers who often called him “Mr. Frank”. He showed respect to everyone he met and felt one of the most important jobs he ever had was being a positive role model and father to his two step sons.

Card was honored at the ABA's 50th Anniversary for his professional achievements and a proud supporter of the Dropping Dimes Foundation.

References

External links

1944 births
2021 deaths
Allentown Jets players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Camden Bullets players
Carolina Cougars players
Denver Rockets players
Minnesota Pipers players
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Power forwards (basketball)
Small forwards
South Carolina State Bulldogs basketball players
Virginia Squires players
Washington Caps players


is a Japanese business executive.

Early life and education
Born in Sasebo, he graduated from that city's Nagasaki Prefectural Sasebo South High School, and then from Tokai University.

Career
After working at National Cash Register Company Japan, Ltd. (Currently known as NCR Japan, Ltd.) and Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd. (Currently known as Hewlett-Packard Japan, Ltd.), Harada served as a board member of Schlumberger K.K., Board member of Apple Japan, Inc., Vice President of Apple Computer, Inc., (USA), Representative Board and General Manager of Apple Japan, Inc., chairman, President and CEO, Representative Director of McDonald's Company (Japan), Ltd., chairman, President and CEO, Representative Director of McDonald's Holdings Company (Japan), Ltd., Representative Director, chairman and CEO of Benesse Holdings, Inc., chairman, President and CEO of Gong Cha Japan Co., Ltd., and a member of Gong Cha Group Global Senior Leadership Team.

Eikō Harada joined EGAO Co., Ltd. as CEO.

Arrested
Harada was arrested by Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department due to alleged domestic violence with his wife on February 6, 2021. He denies the allegations, the Shibuya Police Station said. On February 24, 2021, he resigned as chairman, President and CEO of Gong Cha Japan "for personal reasons."

Publications
Harada wrote a book, . It was published by Kanki Publishing in 2005.

Personal life
Harada is married to J-pop singer-songwriter Yumi Tanimura.

References

External links
Kanki Publishing page for Harada's book

1948 births
Apple Inc. executives
Hewlett-Packard people
Japanese chief executives
Living people
McDonald's people
Tokai University alumni
People from Sasebo
Schlumberger people


Keio Media Centers is the English name used by Keio University in Japan to describe its library system.

The Media Centers (libraries) on the various Keio campuses are important information resources for students, faculty, and researchers. Together, they constitute one of the major academic information storehouses in Japan, holding more than 4.2 million books and publications.

Worldcat/OCLC
Keio University's libraries are fully integrated into the international shared-cataloging system known as OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) and WorldCat, both names being used interchangeably today for the world's largest bibliographic database.

In 2002, Keio University was the first Japanese university library to formally join the Research Libraries Group (RLG), an international consortium of research libraries, archives and museums linked though OCLC. RLG linked more than 140 partner institutions through OCLC, into which it merged in 2006.  At the Keio Media Centers, OCLC’s comprehensive global catalog database is fully coordinated and integrated in Worldcat.

Media Center facilities

Although the holdings and other elements of the library system are physically separated across a number of campuses, all are linked in an integrated catalog access system.

Mita Media Center
The Mita Media Center evolved directly from the Keio University library, created in 1912. The library's collection expanded into a new building in 1982. A combined total of 2.3 million books are housed in the Mita Media Center.

A gothic, red-brick library was built in 1912 on the Mita campus (Mita, Minato, Tokyo). This structure has since been known as a symbol of Keio University, and now serves as an archive and venue for functions; it is recognized as an Important Cultural Property by the Japanese Government.

Hiyoshi Media Center
On the Hiyoshi campus (Hiyoshi, Kōhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa), the Hiyoshi Media Center was designed primarily as a library for first- and second-year students, who enjoy ready access to academic books as well as a wide variety of general-interest videos, DVDs, and CDs. The media center provides access to online databases and electronic journals.

Media Center for Science and Technology
The Yagami Campus (Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa), home to the Faculty of Science & Technology and the Graduate School of Science & Technology, has the Media Center for Science and Technology. This part of the university library system specializes in science and engineering materials.

Shinanomachi Media Center
Keio's School and Graduate School of Medicine are on the Shinanomachi campus (Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo); the Shinanomachi Media Center is Keio's medical library.

SFC Media Center
The Shōnan Fujisawa Campus (Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa), home to the Faculties of Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies and Nursing & Medical Care and to the Graduate Schools of Media & Governance and Health Management, offers the SFC Media Center (the Shonan Fujisawa Campus Media Center), both a traditional library and a modern information processing center, with multimedia and PC stations connected to the Internet through a campus-wide LAN.

Treasures
Keio's collection of rare books and other "treasures" includes the Keio Gutenberg Bible, natural history books, and medieval manuscripts.  The collection of the university was begun in the late 1850s with European Illustrated Books and Manuscripts c.1400-1700.  Today the library holdings have expanded to include first and second edition copies of Caxton's Canterbury Tales by Chaucer.  The breadth of Western material is balanced by a collection of Japanese maps and Japanese wood-block prints.

References

 Von Eckardt, Wolf.  "The Just So of the Swerve and Line," Time. August 1, 1983.

External links
 Digital Library Federation
 Agency for Cultural Affairs website—1912, library (Important Cultural Property)
  (Old Library House)
  (Mita Media Center)
  (Hiyoshi Media Center)
  (Media Center for Science and Technology)
  (Shinanomachi Media Center)
  (SFC Media Center)

Academic libraries in Japan
Media Centers (Libraries)


Ronald D. Liebowitz (born April 26, 1957) is the ninth President of Brandeis University succeeding Frederick M. Lawrence. Formerly Middlebury College's 16th President, and a professor of geography, succeeding John McCardell, Jr. on July 1, 2004. On December 17, 2015, it was announced that Liebowitz would become the ninth president of Brandeis University.

Liebowitz had previously served as provost and Dean of the Faculty at Middlebury College. An expert in Russian economic and political geography, he began teaching at Middlebury in 1984.  His first Middlebury experience was as a Language School student in 1980 and 1981.

A native of Brooklyn, Liebowitz received his undergraduate degree from Bucknell University in 1979 and completed his postgraduate work at  Columbia University. He received his Ph.D. in geography in 1985. Liebowitz and his wife, Jessica, have three children.

Presidency

Liebowitz was Middlebury's third faculty member to become president, following McCardell and 19th century alumnus Ezra Brainerd. In his first year, he shaped the agreement that brought the Monterey Institute of International Studies under affiliation with Middlebury, and began a comprehensive strategic planning process. Liebowitz kicked off The Middlebury Initiative in October 2007; the largest capital campaign ever by a liberal arts college, the Initiative will raise $500 million to support the strategic plan's primary goals of financial aid and additional faculty.

In 2009 Time Magazine named him one of the 10 best college presidents.

On December 12, 2013, Liebowitz announced that he would step down as president of the college effective June 30, 2015. He served at Middlebury College for over 11 years.

On December 17, 2015, Liebowitz announced that he would begin serving in a leadership role at Brandeis University effective July 1, 2016.

In March 2021, Liebowitz accused the Board of Trustees of "trying to force him out of the presidency." However, on April 9, 2021, the Board of Trustees announced a five-year contract extension on Liebowitz's presidency.

References

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Middlebury College
Bucknell University alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Middlebury College faculty
People from Middlebury, Vermont
Academics from Brooklyn
Presidents of Brandeis University


"Nevada" is a 1928 Western novel by Zane Grey, a sequel to 1927's Forlorn River. Prior to its book publication it was serialized in seven issues of The American Magazine (November 1926 – May 1927). The novel was adapted for films in 1927 and 1944.

Plot introduction

Ben Ide, restless with the rancher life, moves his family to Arizona, ostensibly for his mother's health, but also to search for his missing partner Nevada.  He buys a beautiful ranch, in a territory known for cattle rustling.  The deal soon sours as he struggles to keep his cattle and prize horses from the network of rustlers about the wild country of Arizona, not sure who he can trust and who he can't.  Hettie Ide pines away for the missing Nevada, meanwhile fending off a horde of suitors.

Nevada, having escaped the end of Forlorn River with only his life, resumes the life of an outlaw, seeking a way out of his situation, but working his way deeper amidst the labyrinthine social network of Arizona, in which everyone is a rustler and no one will say who leads the gangs.

Characters

"Nevada", Ben Ide's trusted riding partner, whose past is a mystery and whose future uncertain.
Ben Ide, wild horse-catcher turned prosperous rancher, he moves his family to Arizona, running into even more wildness than he bargained for.
Ina Ide, formerly Ina Blaine, Ben's wife.
Marvie Blaine, Ina's young brother, intent on living the wild life of both cowboy and gunman.
Hettie Ide, Ben's younger sister, intent on finding the missing Nevada.
Jim Lacy, an infamous gunslinger from Texas.
Rose Hatt, daughter of a family of rustlers.
Cash Burridge, a rustler acquaintance of Nevada's who sells Ben Ide his ranch.
Tom Day, a successful Arizona rancher.
Judge Franklidge, a successful businessman who owns a prosperous ranch.
Elam Hatt, a local rancher and suspected rustler.
Cedar Hatt, no-good son of Elam Hatt.

Adaptations

Nevada was adapted for the screen in 1927 and 1944.

References

1927 American novels
Western (genre) novels
Novels by Zane Grey
Novels set in Arizona
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in The American Magazine
American novels adapted into films


Guilhem de la Tor ( fl. 1216–1233) was an early 13th-century jongleur-troubadour from the Périgord who spent most of his active career in northern Italy. He circulated between the courts of the Este, Malaspina, and Da Romano families.

The tor (tower, castle) that was Guilhem's birthplace, does not survive. It lay in the vicinity of the modern town of La Tour-Blanche, Dordogne. Guilhem first composed in the Occitan language in 1216–1220, during which period he produced the panegyric Pos N'Aimerics a fait mesclança e batailla, a song in which the noble women of Italy put an end to a feud for supremacy at court between Selvaggia and Beatrice di Oramala, daughters of Conrad Malaspina. The Treva ("truce"), as it is called, was a sequel to an earlier work (now lost) by Aimeric de Pegulhan describing the feud.

Guilhem is dignified with a long vida, but much of it cannot be trusted. Among the more trustworthy parts is this description of his character and routine:
And he knew many songs, and created and sang well and graciously, and he also invented (trobaire). But when he wanted to recite his songs, he made his discussions of the explanation (razo) longer than the song itself.
The subsequent narrative of the vida is an invention. It relates how he fell in love with a young and beautiful barber's wife in Milan and abducted her to Como, where they married and "he loved her more than anything in the world." When she died, Guilhem went mad over the loss and began to believe that she was posing as dead in order to leave him. For ten days he reglularly removed her from the tomb and kissed her and hugged her and asked her to tell him if she were alive or dead and, if dead, to tell him what sufferings she were experiencing so that he could alleviate it with masses and alms. But when the leading men of the city heard this, they expelled him and he went wandering around looking for a sorcerer or sorceress who could bring his wife back to life. He encountered a "trickster" who told him to recite daily the entire Psalter and 150 Paternosters and to give alms to seven poor men before he ate each day, then she would come back to life, but would never eat, drink, or talk. Guilhem set out to do as he was told, but she had not returned to him, he despaired and died. This bizarre legend is related to a partimen between Guilhem and Sordello, Un amics et un'amia, in which the former posed the dilemma of whether it is better to follow a deceased lover to death or to move on. The partimen can be dated to 1224–1226, before Sordello's kidnapping of Cunizza da Romano (Na Cuniza in the poem).

Guilhem was a Ghibelline in sympathy and he wrote Un sirventes farai d'una trista persona to attack the Guelph podestà Ponzio Amato di Cremona. He lampoons the hated Guelph politician as Porc Armat ("armed pig") de Cremona. This song was written before Ponzio's death in 1228.

Guilhem's last song was Canson ab gais motz plazens, inspired by the death in November 1233 of Giovanna d'Este. A charter of Ottone del Carretto dated that same month was witnessed by one "Guillelmus de la Turri", possibly the same person as the troubadour.

Notes

Sources
Egan, Margarita, ed. The Vidas of the Troubadours. New York: Garland, 1984. .
Negri, Antonella. Le Liriche del trovatore Guilhem de la Tor. Rubbettino Editore, 2006.
Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.

13th-century Italian troubadours
People from Dordogne


The Rainbow Trail, also known as The Desert Crucible, is Western author Zane Grey's sequel to Riders of the Purple Sage. Originally published under the title The Rainbow Trail in 1915, it was re-edited and re-released in recent years as The Desert Crucible with the original manuscript that Grey submitted to publishers.

The novel takes place twelve years after events of Riders of the Purple Sage, in or about 1883. The wall to Surprise Valley has been breached, and Jane Withersteen is forced to choose between Lassiter's life and Fay Larkin's marriage to a Mormon.

Both novels are notable for their protagonists' mild opposition to Mormon polygamy, but in The Rainbow Trail this theme is treated more explicitly. The plots of both books revolve around the victimization of women in the Mormon culture: events in Riders of the Purple Sage are centered on the struggle of a Mormon woman who sacrifices her wealth and social status to avoid becoming a junior wife of the head of a local church, while The Rainbow Trail contrasts the older Mormons with the rising generation of Mormon women who will not tolerate polygamy and Mormon men who do not seek it.

The novel is the basis of several movies of the same name.  Frank McGrath, later of Wagon Train, made his acting debut in the 1932 version, though his role is uncredited.

Plot
John Shefford arrives in Red Lake, Arizona Territory, in April, having come from the East.  In the post of the trader Presbrey, he finds a missionary (Willetts) struggling with a Navajo girl.  He strikes the man, who flees, before finding Presbrey outside.  Presbrey welcomes him and outfits him with gear and advice, and offers him a job, but he declines, preferring to travel to Kayenta, a trading post farther north.  On his way to Kayenta, Shefford meets a man (Shadd) who intends to rob and kill him, but flees at the approach of another, who proves to be a Navajo, Nas Ta Bega, accompanied by the girl from Red Lake, who he describes as his sister, Glen Naspa.  The two take Shefford to Kayenta, where he meets the trader Withers.  That night, he tells Withers that he was a clergyman in Illinois, and had become good friends with a man named Venters, who had been a cowboy for a wealthy Utah Mormon woman, Jane Withersteen, who adopted a child, Fay Larkin, but fled the Mormon establishment with another cowboy, Lassiter.  The three had entered a hidden canyon—Surprise Valley—and sealed the entrance with a landslide; Shefford is searching for the girl, Fay.  Withers tells Shefford of a secret Mormon village, of "sealed wives"—the additional wives of Mormon polygamists—in a valley near the Utah border to which he takes periodic pack trains of supplies.  He notes he once heard the name Fay Larkin in the nearby village of Stonebridge, Utah, and gives Shefford the job of taking his pack train.

When Withers' employee, a young Mormon named Joe Lake, arrives, Withers, Nas Ta Bega, Lake, and Shefford take a pack train to the hidden village, which proves to have three men and many women and children; the other husbands only visit occasionally, in secret.  Shefford remains in the village for some days and is well-received, getting to know the inhabitants.  One woman keeps to herself, and most of the others have little to do with her, calling her the Sago Lily.  Shefford is intrigued, but does not get to see her face.  She calls herself only Mary, and Lake is taken with her.  When Withers and Lake press on to Stonebridge, Shefford remains, and seeks out Mary in the evenings, speaking with her on her porch.  He tells her he was ejected from his church for dogmatic reasons and tells her of his quest to find Fay Larkin.  She tells him Fay Larkin is dead.  When Withers and Lake return, they have heard that Shadd may be lurking outside the valley, so Withers leaves the others and returns to Kayenta alone by another route.  In a few days, Nas Ta Bega takes Shefford to his own home to collect skins and wool for export.  Glen Naspa is there, and when Nas Ta Bega is out, Willetts arrives to take her away, but Shefford prevents it and drives Willetts off a second time.

Shefford rides with many pack trains and has numerous adventures over the course of the summer.  The experience toughens him and he becomes fast friends with Lake.  In October, word comes to Kayenta that federal prosecutors and a judge have come to Stonebridge to prosecute polygamists.  They have arrested the women of the hidden village.  Withers, Lake, and Shefford travel to Stonebridge, as do many others, including Shadd, the Mormon Bishop Kane, and one Waggoner, whom Withers describes as the most prosperous Mormon in southern Utah, said to have at least five wives and 55 children.  The judge questions a number of the arrested women, including Mary, but learns little and they are released.  Outside, Shefford sees Nas Ta Bega, who tells him that Glen Naspa has run off with Willetts, and that Mary is Fay Larkin.  Shefford also learns that Willetts has been maligning him; when he finds Willetts, he beats him.  That night, Shefford joins Lake and others in escorting the women back to the hidden village.  After they arrive, Mary tells Shefford her story: she was indeed Fay Larkin, and lived in Surprise Valley until Mormon avengers scaled the walls and threatened to kill Lassiter unless Fay became a Mormon and married a Mormon.  She assented, and was carried away to the hidden village, where she is visited some nights by her husband, whose face she has not seen.

Shefford and Fay devise a plan to escape the hidden village, rescue her foster parents, and leave the region.  In the spring, word comes that Glen Naspa has returned to her grandfather.  Nas Ta Bega and Shefford hurry to the site and find that Glen Naspa is dead, having died in childbirth.  Back in the hidden village, Shefford seeks out Fay, but flees when they hear horse hooves approaching.  In camp the next morning, Lake accuses Shefford of killing Fay's husband, but the village has arrested her.  The two go to see the body, on Fay's porch, and Shefford recognizes Waggoner, with a familiar knife in him.  The law has been sent for, so the two recruit Fay's friend Ruth and smuggle Fay out of captivity and out of the village.  Joined by Nas Ta Bega, Shefford and Fay travel to Surprise Valley and rescue Lassiter and Jane Withersteen while Lake heads for a ferry to procure a boat.  The escaping group are pursued by Shadd's gang, but Shefford ambushes them.  The fugitives travel down the canyon of the Rainbow Bridge to the Colorado River.  Late the next day, Lake comes down the river in a boat.  The group shoot the rapids of the river, passing through the Grand Canyon.  Two days' travel from the river, they arrive in Willow Springs, principal seat of the trader Presbrey.  They prepare for a journey to Flagstaff; Nas Ta Bega and Lake bid Shefford quiet farewells.

In the epilogue, Shefford, Fay, Jane, and Lassiter visit the Venters' farm in Illinois.  There, they are re-united with two of Jane's horses from years earlier.  The new arrivals think of what they have left, and Shefford of all he has seen in the West.

Characters

Principal characters

John Shefford - the protagonist, a defrocked clergyman from Beaumont, Illinois; inspired by the tales of his friend, he journeys to Arizona to find a mystery and himself

Mary/Fay Larkin - a young woman, raised in isolation, coerced into being a Mormon plural wife and called the Sago Lily by others

Joe Lake - a young Mormon in the employ of Withers; he disapproves of polygamy and those who practice it, and is interested in Mary

Nas Ta Bega - a Navajo who was raised by missionaries, but rejected their life and returned to his people; he sometimes works for Withers, and befriends Shefford, whom he repeatedly saves and helps

Supporting characters

Withers - a trader based in Kayenta; he hires Shefford and trains him in the ways of the West

Glen Naspa - the sister of Nas Ta Bega; she runs off with Willetts

Jim Lassiter - protector of Fay Larkin and Jane Withersteen; he lives in the valley he sealed off to escape Mormon persecution twelve years earlier

Jane Withersteen - adoptive mother of Fay Larkin; she lives in the sealed valley

Shadd - a Paiute or "half-breed" outlaw who is (at least) tolerated by the Mormons

Willetts - a missionary who has additional interest in Glen Naspa

Presbrey - a trader in Willow Creek and Red Lake

Geography
Set in the borderlands of Utah and Arizona near Monument Valley, the novel includes many real locations, including Red Lake, Tuba, Kayenta, Moencopie, Moen Ave, and Willow Springs, Arizona; Bluff and Monticello, Utah, and Durango, Colorado.  Natural features mentioned include the Elephant's Feet, Navajo Mountain, the San Juan Canyon, Escalante Canyon, Keams Canyon, Rainbow Bridge, and the Echo Cliffs.

The text also mentions the Grand Canyon, but it appears to be misplaced, as the fugitives leave the river before it would enter the canyon.  The "Grand canyon of the Colorado" appears to be Glen Canyon.

Reception

The sequel to the popular Riders of the Purple Sage was well-received.  The New York Times called it "Poignant in its emotional qualities."  Publishers Weekly said “[A] masterpiece of its kind . . . replete, rounded, rich in every feature which pertains to the genre in question . . . [Grey] reaches out to the full length of his stride.” The New York Herald opined that “[Grey] knows the West.”

References

External links

Sequel novels
Novels by Zane Grey
1915 American novels
Novels set in Utah
Novels set in Arizona
American novels adapted into films
Mormonism in fiction


Richard C. Clark (January 5, 1944September 4, 1988) was an American basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA).

Born in Findlay, Ohio he played collegiately for the Eastern Kentucky University.

He played for the Minnesota Muskies (1967–68) and Houston Mavericks (1968–69) in the ABA for 58 games.

External links

1944 births
1988 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Ohio
Eastern Kentucky Colonels men's basketball players
Houston Mavericks players
Minnesota Muskies players
People from Findlay, Ohio
Point guards
Shooting guards


Behavioral activation (BA) is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. Behavioral activation primarily emphasizes engaging in positive and enjoyable activities to enhance one's mood. It is one form of functional analytic psychotherapy, which is based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis. This area is also a part of what is called clinical behavior analysis (CBA) and makes up one of the most effective practices in the professional practice of behavior analysis. The technique can also be used from a cognitive-behavior therapy framework.

Overview
The Beck Institute describes BA as "getting clients more active and involved in life by scheduling activities that have the potential to improve their mood."

BA is about understanding how each person behaves and using specific methods to help them overcome their avoidance of things.

Theoretical underpinnings
Behavioral activation emerged from a component analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy. This analysis found that any cognitive component added little to the overall treatment of depression. The behavioral component had existed as a stand-alone treatment in the early work of Peter Lewinsohn and thus a group of behaviorists decided that it might be more efficient to pursue a purer behavioral treatment for the disorder. The theory holds that not enough environmental reinforcement or too much environmental punishment can contribute to depression. The goal of the intervention is to increase environmental reinforcement and reduce punishment.

The theoretical underpinnings of behavioral activation for depression is Charles Ferster's functional analysis of depression. Ferster's basic model has been strengthened by further development in the study of reinforcement principles which led to the matching law and continuing theoretical advances in the possible functions of depression, as well as a look at behavior analysis of child development in order to determine long-term patterns which may lead to dysthymia. Behavioral activation utilizes positive reinforcements to increase good behavior and reduces negative outcomes from avoidance in order to increase an individuals self-control and personal regulation.

Methods
One behavioral activation (BA) approach to depression was as follows: participants were asked to create a hierarchy of reinforcing activities which were then rank-ordered by difficulty; participants tracked their own goals along with clinicians who used a token economy to reinforce success in moving through the hierarchy of activities; participants were measured before and after by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a great effect on their depression was found as a result of their treatment. This was then compared to a control group who did not receive the same treatment. The results of those who received behavioral activation treatment were markedly superior to those of the persons in the control group. Multiple clinics have since piloted and developed the treatment.

Another behavioral activation approach utilized a different methodology: clients are asked to develop an understanding of the relationship between actions and emotions, with actions being seen as the cause of emotions. An hourly self-monitoring chart is created to track activities and the impact on the mood they create for a full week. A rating scale from 1 to 10 is used for each mood change per hour. The goal is to identify depression loops. A depression loop is when a temporary coping method reduces the overall depression, such as the temporary relief provided by alcohol or other drugs, escape or avoidance or rumination. When patterns of dysfunctional responding, or loops, are identified alternative coping responses are attempted to break the loop. This method is described with the acronym "TRAP" (Trigger, Response, Avoidance Pattern) which is to be replaced with a "TRAC" (Trigger, Response, Alternate Coping response). Particular attention is given to rumination, which is provided with its own acronym RCA (Rumination Cues Action). Rumination is identified as a particularly common avoidance behavior which worsens mood. The client is to evaluate the rumination in terms of it having improved the thing being ruminated about, providing understanding, and its emotional effects on the client. Attending to experience is suggested as an alternative to rumination as well as other possible distracting or mood improving actions.

The general program is described with the acronym ACTION (Assess behavior/mood, Choose alternate responses, Try out those alternate responses, Integrate these alternatives, Observe results and (Now) evaluate). The goal being the understanding of the relationship between actions and emotional consequences and a systematic replacement of dysfunctional patterns with adaptive ones. Additionally, focus is given to quality sleep, and improving social functioning.

Research support

Depression
Reviews of behavioral activation studies for depression found that it had a positive measurable effect and that policy makers should consider it an effective treatment. A large-scale treatment study found behavioral activation to be more effective than cognitive therapy and on par with medication for treating depression. A meta-analysis study comprising 34 Randomized Controlled Trials found that while Behavioral Activation treatment of adults with depression showed significantly greater beneficial effect compared with control participants, compared to participants treated with CT/CBT, at post treatment there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups. Another meta-analysis comprising 25 Randomized Controlled Trials found a large effect size for behavioral activation compared to controls at post-treatment. A 2009 meta-analysis showed a medium post-treatment effect size compared to psychotherapy and other treatments.

Anxiety
Behavioral Activation (BA) strategies are utilized for clients who primarily experience anxiety. The core focus of these strategies is to address and disrupt patterns of anxious avoidance, which can often manifest as excessive worry. The ultimate goal is to motivate and encourage clients to actively engage in rewarding experiences and positive behaviors. A 2006 study of behavioral activation being applied to anxiety appeared to give promising results. One study found it to be effective with fibromyalgia-related pain anxiety. In another, researchers observed a notable improvement in the quality of life and a reduction in anxiety levels as a result of BA treatment.

In the context of third generation behavior therapies
Behavioral Activation is an essential component of third-generation therapies, which emerged as a prominent approach in the field of psychology. It comes under the heading clinical behavior analysis or what is often termed third generation behavior therapy. Other behavior therapies are acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as well as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP). BA can be integrated into these various therapeutic modalities, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Its inclusion in these third-generation therapies reflects its effectiveness and versatility in addressing psychological challenges from different angles. Behavioral activation owes its basis to Charles Ferster's Functional Analysis of Depression (1973) which developed B.F. Skinner's idea of depression, within his analysis of motivation, as a lack of reinforcement.

Professional organizations
The Association for Behavior Analysis International has a special interest group for practitioner issues, behavioral counseling, and clinical behavior analysis. The association has larger special interest groups for behavioral medicine. It also serves as the core intellectual home for behavior analysts.

The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) also has an interest group in behavior analysis, which focuses on clinical behavior analysis.

The Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy offers training and resources related to CBT and its applications, which include BA.

BA in Virtual Reality
Due to a lack of access to trained providers, physical constraints or financial reasons, many patients are not able to attend BA therapy. Researchers are trying to overcome these challenges by providing BA via Virtual Reality. The idea of the concept is to enable especially elderly adults to participate in engaging activities that they would not attend it without VR. Possibly, the so-called "BA-inspired VR protocols" will mitigate the lower mood, life satisfaction, and likelihood of depressions.

One strategy is exposure therapy, VR can be utilized to create realistic and controlled environments where individuals can gradually confront situations that trigger anxiety or avoidance. By exposing individuals to these situations in a virtual setting, therapists can help them develop more adaptive coping strategies and reduce anxiety.

Another idea is through role-playing and social skills training, VR environments can be used to facilitate role-playing exercises, helping individuals practice and improve their social skills and interactions in a safe and non-threatening space.

The integration of BA with VR holds promise, and it is important to recognize that this area is subject to ongoing developments. Researchers and clinicians are actively exploring the potential benefits and limitations of using virtual reality in mental health treatment, considering how it can effectively complement traditional therapy approaches. As technology and research advance, new findings and applications related to BA in virtual reality may emerge, potentially leading to significant advancements in mental health interventions in the future.

References

Behavior therapy
Behavior modification
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Depression (mood)


Frederick Leo Gerald Burchell (January 9, 1931 – June 4, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played four games in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens: two games in each the 1950–51 and 1953–54 seasons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1949 to 1966, was spent in the minor leagues. Burchell was born in Montreal, Quebec.

Career
Burchell began his hockey career when he played two games for the Montreal Royals of the Quebec Senior Hockey League in 1949. He played the next season with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League. He moved on to the Eastern Hockey League to play for the Johnstown Jets where he finally found his scoring touch (37 goals and 56 assists). He played for the next two seasons for the Montreal Royals again (during their league transition into a semi-pro league). He was again called up to the Canadiens and again playing two games and going pointless. He returned to the Montreal Royals before joining the Winnipeg Warriors. He began scoring more consistently as he re-joined the QHL Montreal Royals and stayed into their years when they joined the Eastern Professional Hockey League where he won that league's MVP award in 1961. He spent the next few seasons in the American Hockey League with the Quebec Aces before playing for one final season with the Jersey Devils in the EHL.

Burchell coached the Toledo Hornets of the International Hockey League during the 1973–74 season, where he led the team to a record of 33 wins, 42 losses, and one tie.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards and achievements
 Memorial Cup Championship (1949)
 QJHL Second All-Star Team (1950, 1951)
 EAHL First All-Star Team (1952)
 QHL First All-Star Team (1954)
 1960–61 EPHL Most Valuable Player (shared with Cliff Pennington)

External links

1931 births
1998 deaths
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey people from Montreal
Jersey Devils players
Johnstown Jets players
Montreal Canadiens players
Montreal Royals (EPHL) players
Montreal Royals (QSHL) players
Quebec Aces (AHL) players
Rochester Americans players
Winnipeg Warriors (minor pro) players


The St. Joseph Valley Rail Road is a defunct railroad which operated in southern Michigan during the mid-19th century.

The company was chartered on April 3, 1848, following authorization by an act of the Michigan State Legislature; the bill called for a line from St. Joseph, on the coast of Lake Michigan in Berrien County east through Cassopolis (Cass County) into St. Joseph County. The act stipulated that the company had ten years from the passage of the act to complete its line, a distance of about , or its "rights, privileges and powers [as a corporation] shall be null and void, so far as it regards such part of said rail road as shall not be finished within the periods limited by this act."

In 1855 the company completed a line along the St. Joseph River from Constantine to Three Rivers, a distance of , well short of the act's target. The company had difficulty moving forward, but the legislature obligingly extended the deadline in 1861 and again in 1863. On November 21, 1864, the St. Joseph Valley leased the  section of the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana which connected White Pigeon to Constantine, giving the St. Joseph Valley an uninterrupted running length of some  but still well short of Cassopolis, let alone Berrien County. In 1865 a new act by the Michigan State Legislature authorized the Schoolcraft & Three Rivers to purchase the St. Joseph Valley Railroad, but this did not take place until August 14, 1869, at which point the St. Joseph Valley ceased to exist as an independent company. In the meantime the St. Joseph Valley operated over the Schoolcraft & Three Rivers tracks into Kalamazoo, where it connected with numerous other lines.

The St. Joseph's original stretch from Constantine to Three Rivers is today operated by the Norfolk Southern.

Notes

References

Defunct Michigan railroads
Predecessors of the New York Central Railroad
Railway companies established in 1848
Railway companies disestablished in 1869
American companies established in 1848
American companies disestablished in 1869


Tobira Album is J-Pop singer Rie fu's third album, released in 2007.  It reached #34 on the Oricon Albums Chart.

Track listing
The album includes the following tracks:

 "5000 マイル～Album version" (5000 Miles)
 "Come To My Door"
 "ツキアカリ" (Moonlight)
 "君が浮かぶよ" (You Come to Mind)
 "tobira"
 "On Its Way"
 "Until I Say"
 "SMILE"
 "Feel The Same"
 "dreams be"
 "Sunshine of my day～Live version"
 "London"
 "あなたがここにいる理由" (The Reason You're Here)

References

2007 albums
Rie fu albums


The Conan Chronicles is a collection of fantasy novels by American writers Robert Jordan, featuring the sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard.  The book was published in 1995 by Tor Books and collects three novels previously published by Tor.

Contents
 Conan the Invincible
 Conan the Defender
 Conan the Unconquered

References

1995 novels
American fantasy novels
Conan the Barbarian books
Tor Books books


Mort's Dock is a former dry dock, slipway, and shipyard in Balmain, New South Wales, Australia. It was the first dry dock in Australia, opening for business in 1855 and closing more than a century later in 1959. The site is now parkland.

History

Mort Bay, J. S. Mort and his partners
Mort Bay was originally known as Waterview Bay, and at the corner of the bay was the mouth of a small stream which ran down from Balmain Hill through the valley of Strathean. On its way to the harbour, the stream collected in small waterholes known as the "Curtis Waterholes" after the then landowner James Curtis.

In 1842 James Reynolds purchased from Curtis an area of land bounded by what is now Curtis Road down to the water front between Mort and Church Streets, dammed the stream, built a stone house called "Strathean Cottage" and sold fresh water to the ships anchored in the deep calm waters of the Bay.

The land was then sold to Captain Thomas Rowntree in 1853, who recognised the site as a prime location for a patent slip. To finance his venture, Rowntree sold his ship the "Lizzie Webber" and in doing so, met auctioneer Thomas Sutcliffe Mort. With partner merchant J.S.Mitchell, Rowntree had formed the Waterview Bay Dry Dock Company. Rowntree had arrived in NSW in 1852, owning much land. He'd built the "Lizzie Webber" to carry English passengers to the goldfields and for Australian coastal trading. Mort further recognised the necessity for Sydney to provide docking facilities for ships needing repairs in the Colony, as at that time there were no such facilities south of Bombay, India. The location was ideal.

Proprietor and landlord Thomas Sutcliffe Mort had a flair for money-making. Building a dry-dock here, he created a building boom and large-scale development. Born in Bolton, Lancashire and comfortably raised, he'd arrived in Sydney in 1838, working as a clerk and rising rapidly. By late 1843 Mort was organising wool auctions (the first to be held solely for wool), later of livestock and property. Organising wool sales in London, he was one of our first exporters and laid a pattern for future wool brokers. Mort's Wool Store at Circular Quay was designed by Edmund Blacket, on the site of today's Quay Quarter Tower. By 1850 Mort was Sydney's leading auctioneer with a fortune from land speculation in search of port space for his wool vessels.

Sydney's first dry dock
Mort's Dock was the brainchild of industrialist Mort and former steamship captain T. S. Rountree (or Rowntree). Steam ships had first appeared in Sydney Harbour in 1853 but no repair or maintenance facilities existed to cater for the new vessels. In 1854, Mort and Rountree purchased an area of land at Waterview Bay on the northern side of the Balmain peninsula and excavated a dry dock measuring .

Rowntree and Mort formed the Waterview Bay Dry Dock Company (later Mort's Dock & Engineering Company) in 1853 and built Australia's first dry dock and patent slip on the site. Recognising the need, and despite the Government building a dry dock at Cockatoo Island, he started. He offered incentives: on completion, workers got a freehold block of land. The dock was operational by March 1855, one year before the Fitzroy Dock at Cockatoo Island Dockyard. Subdivisions and sales of Waterview Bay land followed the development, values spiraling when it opened. The first vessel serviced at the new Mort's Dock was the SS Hunter, a coastal mail steamer running between Sydney and Newcastle.

Mort had bought large tracts and as needs arose, sold. When the dock needed extensions (1866 and 1875), he met costs with more sales. By 1877 80% of the estate was settled by a working class population. The elite who had settled the area from the 1840s objected to pollution and industrial impediments to "their" marine views.

Growth of general engineering
Despite being the only commercial repair facility for steamers, the dock was not as profitable as expected and by 1861 Mort and Rountree had leased the majority of the surrounding land for cargo storage, minor engineering and an iron and brass foundry. In 1867, Mort's Dock became principally an engineering facility; including the construction of steam locomotives, ship machinery, mining equipment and steel pipe for the Sydney Water Board. Mort had ceased partnership with Rowntree and taken another partner in Thomas McArthur, superintendent engineer of the Australian Steam Navigation Co. When McArthur died, Mort sold his shares to his foreman and his manager, possibly to guard against growing unionism, or improve flagging productivity. Balmain had become a focus for activity because of the dock, where at least two unions were busy. Dock manager James Peter Franki continued to manage the dock for 50 years finally retiring in 1922. Ship construction and repairs continued at the dry dock and immediate surrounds.

The company become the largest private employer in the colony, a cornerstone of the union movement and birthplace of the Australian Labor Party (then the Labor Electoral League), founded at this dock in 1891 by Balmain Unionists, who fielded 4 candidates in State elections. Having bought a copper mine in Queensland and a coal mine in Newcastle, Mort added an iron and brass foundry, boiler-making facilities and a patent slip at Balmain. In 1870 the dock assembled the first locally produced locomotive.

In 1901 the company opened a second dry dock (Woolwich Dock) and slipway to cater for increased demand and by 1917 the Dock had built 39 steamships, seven Manly ferries, pumping engines for the Waverley and Crown Street reservoirs and the ironwork for the Sydney General Post Office. In the interwar period an iron foundry was constructed, a slipway and floating dock purchased and it had a virtual monopoly on local industry.

Naval contracts and modern era

The outbreak of World War II proved to be a boom time for Mort's Dock. The 1920s and 1930s had seen a decline in the Royal Australian Navy with few vessels constructed and older ships sold off or scrapped. Japan's entry into the war led to a sudden demand for coastal protection and increased offensive power in the Pacific Ocean. Between 1940 and 1945, Mort's Dock constructed fourteen of the sixty s built in Australia during the war, as well as four of the twelve s. By the end of the war Mort's Dock was second only to the Cockatoo Island Dockyard in the number of naval vessels produced.

Shipbuilding once again declined in the post-war period, and revenue from engineering leases fell as firms relocated to cheaper land in western Sydney. The dock's death knell was the introduction of container shipping in the 1960s. Mort's Dock closed in 1958, Mort's Dock & Engineering Company went into liquidation in 1959 and ceased trading completely in 1968. The site was purchased by Australian National Line (ANL) in 1960. The derelict Mort's Dock site was levelled and converted into a container storage terminal for ships berthing at Glebe Island and White Bay in 1965; its buildings were demolished and the dock filled in for new wharves to create its newest container facility. The backfill preserved the dry dock and other in situ remains providing a high archaeological potential and fabric integrity.

Controversy raged over redeveloping the site. The NSW Government proposal for a large public housing development was vigorously opposed by resident groups who wanted it landscaped as open space. Groups such as the Balmain Association had formed in 1965, reflecting a changing mood concerning urbanisation and loss of heritage. In 1986, in what it claimed to be a compromise, the Department of Planning and the Environment announced 211 Housing Commission flats would be built, with plans for parkland and a harbour-side promenade. The park was developed in stages (one: 1985; two: 1986–9), while the container terminal closed in 1989. The remaining features of Mort's Dock were received heritage protection in the same year. The filled-in dry dock is commemorated in the name of the adjacent Dry Dock Hotel, which stands opposite the former location of the gates to the original Mort's Dock site.

Timeline
The site has been modified over time, with the major alterations as follows:
 1853: the dry dock commenced construction;
 1854: stone building (to be used as an office between 1877 and 1898) was constructed;
 1855: dry dock completed; 1866 extension of the engineering and blacksmiths works to include a patternmakers shop and brass and iron foundries;
 1870: a dam at the Cameron St end of the dry dock was constructed;
 1874: dry dock extended to 390 feet;
 1868: the first patent slipway was built;
 1898: dry dock extenuated to 640 feet;
 1959: the company went into liquidation and sold to Sims Metal;
 1963: ANL container line bought part of the site to create a container facility. The elements retained by Sims were earmarked for a motel development which would be used in conjunction with the container terminal;
 1966: ANL added a second berth;
 1967: Sims demolished buildings on the northern side of dry dock with disregard for items of historical interest;
 1968–1969: ANL filled in the dry dock, raised and levelled the site and covered with bitumen. The site was then used as a container depot until 1975 when resident protests resulted in its closure;
 1980: NSW Cabinet proposed threat ~7ha of the site be redeveloped as open space park and housing;
 1985: development of park commenced with the demolition of the former NAL passenger terminal, associated warehouse and office buildings, concrete slab and supporting structures;
 1986: the first stage of redevelopment was completed;
 1986: the second stage involving the residual of the park was commenced;
 1989: the second stage was completed with the Department of Housing to complete the residual of park construction adjacent to its site boundaries later the same year.

Surviving remains
The archaeological remains of the dry dock and wider site remain buried beneath what is now Mort Bay Park. The top of the stone walls of dry dock remains visible on the ground in the park. The caisson, and stone retailing walls remain in situ as do the ships bollards, and remnants of the patent slips and later container wharf.

Both the archaeological and research potential of the site have been assessed as high. The site has a high degree of integrity and intactness as a result of the infill in the 1960s.

Heritage listing
Mort's Dock was the largest shipyard and engineering workshop in Australia in the latter half of the 19th century. The site developed into the colony's largest private enterprise and in many ways helped establish the colony and Sydney as Australia's premier maritime port. The archaeological remains are possibly the only remains of a dry dock of this size preserved in situ.

Mort's Dock was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 14 January 2011 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

The site is historically significant as a key industrial site to the State, Sydney's first dry dock (1842) in continuous operation until 1979.

The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

The site has an historical association with Thomas Rowntree, Thomas Sutcliffe Mort and latterly (as they both completed apprenticeships at the site) John Storey who became Premier of NSW and William McKell who became Governor-General of Australia.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

The site has a high level of aesthetic achievement becoming a distinctive landscape feature, with landmark qualities, apart from its engineering and industrial/maritime heritage value. The site represents significant technical achievement in the building of the first dry dock in the colony, opening one year before that Cockatoo Island. The site was further responsible for a number of engineering/technical innovation including the alleged development shipboard refrigerated transport.

The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The site is socially and culturally significant and is subject to a high level of community esteem. Mort's Dock was the largest private enterprise in the colony, contributing to the development of Balmain as a working class area. The site is unique for its contribution to the trade union movement with the establishment of the Ship Painters and Dockers Union in 1872, and the formation of what is now the Australian Labor Party 1891. It is further significant in providing a detailed picture of production and workplace relations issues at this time.

The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

The site has the potential to yield scientific and archaeological information that will further contribute to an understanding of NSW cultural, industrial and maritime history. This high research potential is due to the survival of extant remains of the dry dock, caisson and patent slips. The structural remains have a high degree of integrity and intactness as a result of the ANL backfill which preserved the remaining fabric in situ. Mort's Dock is an important reference site, provides evidence of past maritime and industrial activity that is unavailable elsewhere in NSW.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

The site is rare as it is thought to be one of only three surviving Australian examples of an in situ dry dock of that period. The site provides evidence of a defunct custom, process and way of life in NSW, shows unusually accurate evidence of past shipbuilding, engineering and manufacturing activity, that is important to the archaeological, engineering, heritage and trade union/labour communities in NSW.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

The site is representative of shipbuilding, ship repair, engineering and manufacturing works of that period, of the development of the colony and of Australia as a maritime nation. By 1917, 39 steamships, and seven Manly Ferries, had been constructed on the site, and significantly between 1940 and 1945, Mort's Dock constructed 14 of the 60 Bathurst class Corvettes built in Australia, four of the 12 River Class frigates, and a 1000-ton capacity floating dock, without which Australia would have suffered during the war effort. Furthermore, the site is outstanding because of its setting, condition, integrity and esteem in which it is held.

See also
 Wagon Mound (No 1)
 Poole & Steel, which also had facilities located in Balmain
Fitzroy Dock, another mid-C19th dry dock on Sydney Harbour
Sutherland Dock, a late C19th dry dock on Sydney Harbour
Woolwich Dock, an early C20th dry dock on Sydney Harbour

References

Bibliography

External links

Shipyards of New South Wales
Shipbuilding companies of Australia
History of Sydney
Balmain, New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
New South Wales State Heritage Register


Ninety-six Guggenheim Fellowships were awarded in 1945. Thirty-six of these were postservice fellowships given to artists and scholars unable to apply in previous years due to the war.

1945 U.S. and Canadian Fellows

1945 Latin American and Caribbean Fellows

See also
 Guggenheim Fellowship
 List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1944
 List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1946

References

1945
1945 awards


Charles Claxton Jr. (born December 13, 1970) is a former American professional basketball player.

Born in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, he attended Miami Carol City High School in Miami, Florida, and played collegiately for the University of Georgia.

He was selected by the Phoenix Suns in the second round (50th pick overall) of the 1994 NBA draft.

He played for the Boston Celtics (1995–96) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 3 games. He  also was under contract with the Cleveland Cavaliers (October 1995) and Utah Jazz (October 1996), but did not play in any regular season NBA games for those teams.

His son Nic Claxton is a professional basketball player in the NBA for the Brooklyn Nets, and his other son, Chase Claxton, plays Division I college basketball for Winthrop University.

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in the United Kingdom
American men's basketball players
American people of United States Virgin Islands descent
Boston Celtics players
Brighton Bears players
Centers (basketball)
Georgia Bulldogs basketball players
KK Włocławek players
LSU-Atletas basketball players
Phoenix Suns draft picks
People from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands men's basketball players
United States Virgin Islands expatriate basketball people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Criollos de Caguas basketball players


Derrew is a village located near the Partry Mountains in County Mayo, Ireland.

Local residents
Sean na Sagart, born Sean O'Mullowny, a notorious priest hunter in County Mayo during the early 18th century.

See also
  List of towns and villages in Ireland

Towns and villages in County Mayo
Articles on towns and villages in Ireland possibly missing Irish place names


Liebling (German for "darling") may refer to:

Music
 Liebling (album), a 1999 album by Andreas Johnson

People
 A. J. Liebling, an American journalist for The New Yorker
 Alison Liebling (born 1963), British criminologist and academic
 Beth Liebling, bassist and drummer for the instrumental group Hovercraft
 Bobby Liebling, an American singer of the heavy metal band Pentagram
 Debbie Liebling, president of production for 20th Century Fox Atomic
 Estelle Liebling, an operatic soprano, voice teacher, and vocal coach
 Helen Liebling, a British Clinical Psychologist and academic
 Jerome Liebling, an American photographer and filmmaker
 Jonathan Liebling, a British Medicinal Cannabis Expert and Campaigner
 Leonard Liebling, an American music critic, concert pianist, composer, librettist, and long time editor-in-chief of the Musical Courier
 Leonard Irving Liebling, a British Consultant Psychiatrist and a Founder of The Royal College of Psychiatry in 1972
 Max Liebling, a German born American concert pianist, composer, conductor, and music teacher
 Mordechai Liebling, a rabbi and former director of the Jewish Reconstructionist Federation
 Roman Polanski (né Liebling) French-Polish filmmaker and fugitive
 Tina Liebling, a politician and attorney from the U.S. state of Minnesota

Places
 Liebling, Timiș, a commune in Romania


This is an incomplete list of elections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts sorted both by offices sought and by years held.

Elections are administered by the individual municipalities. There is some oversight by the Secretary of the Commonwealth and the Office of Campaign and Political Finance.

Individual elections are listed with the winner.

General
 November 5, 1861
 November 4, 1862
 November 3, 1863
 November 8, 1864
 November 7, 1865
 November 6, 1866
 November 5, 1867
 November 3, 1868
 November 2, 1869
 November 8, 1870
 November 7, 1871
 November 5, 1872
 November 4, 1873
 November 3, 1874
 November 2, 1875
 November 7, 1876
 November 6, 1877
 November 5, 1878
 November 4, 1879
 November 2, 1880
 November 8, 1881
 November 7, 1882
 November 6, 1883
 November 4, 1884
 November 3, 1885
 November 2, 1886
 November 8, 1887
 November 6, 1888
 November 5, 1889
 November 4, 1890
 November 3, 1891
 November 8, 1892
 November 7, 1893
 November 6, 1894
 November 5, 1895
 November 3, 1896
 November 2, 1897
 November 8, 1898
 November 7, 1899
 November 6, 1900
 November 5, 1901
 November 4, 1902
 November 3, 1903
 November 8, 1904
 November 7, 1905
 November 6, 1906
 November 5, 1907
 November 3, 1908
 November 2, 1909
 November 8, 1910
 November 7, 1911
 November 5, 1912
 November 4, 1913
 November 3, 1914
 November 6, 1917
 1919, November 4
 1920, November 2
 1922, November 7
 1924, November 4
 1926 Massachusetts general election, November 2, 1926
 1928 Massachusetts general election, November 6, 1928
 1930 Massachusetts general election, November 4, 1930
 1932 Massachusetts general election, November 8, 1932
 1934 Massachusetts general election, November 6, 1934
 1936 Massachusetts general election, November 3, 1936
 1938 Massachusetts general election, November 8, 1938
 1940 Massachusetts general election, November 5, 1940
 1942 Massachusetts general election
 1944 Massachusetts general election
 1946 Massachusetts general election
 1948 Massachusetts general election
 1950 Massachusetts general election
 1952 Massachusetts general election
 1954 Massachusetts general election
 1956 Massachusetts general election
 1958 Massachusetts general election
 1960 Massachusetts general election
 1962 Massachusetts general election
 1964 Massachusetts general election
 1966 Massachusetts general election
 1970 Massachusetts general election
 1974 Massachusetts general election
 1978 Massachusetts general election
 1982 Massachusetts general election
 1986 Massachusetts general election
 1990 Massachusetts general election
 1994 Massachusetts general election
 1998 Massachusetts general election
 2000 Massachusetts general election
 2002 Massachusetts general election
 2004 Massachusetts general election
 2006 Massachusetts general election
 2008 Massachusetts general election
 2010 Massachusetts general election
 2012 Massachusetts general election
 2014 Massachusetts general election
 2016 Massachusetts general election
 2018 Massachusetts general election
 2020 Massachusetts general election
 2022 Massachusetts general election

State elections

Governor
 …
 1839 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Morton)
 1840 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Davis)
 1841 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Davis)
 1842 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Morton)
 1843 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1844 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1845 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1846 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1847 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1848 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1849 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Briggs)
 1850 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Boutwell)
 1851 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Boutwell)
 1852 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Clifford)
 1853 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (E. Washburn)
 1854 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Gardner)
 1855 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Gardner)
 1856 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Gardner)
 1857 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Banks)
 1858 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Banks)
 1859 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Banks)
 1860 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Andrew)
 1861 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Andrew)
 1862 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Andrew)
 1863 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Andrew)
 1864 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Andrew)
 1865 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bullock)
 1866 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bullock)
 1867 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bullock)
 1868 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Claflin)
 1869 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Claflin)
 1870 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Claflin)
 1871 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (W. Washburn)
 1872 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (W. Washburn)
 1873 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (W. Washburn)
 1874 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Gaston)
 1875 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Rice)
 1876 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Rice)
 1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Rice)
 1878 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Talbot)
 1879 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Long)
 1880 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Long)
 1881 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Long)
 1882 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Butler)
 1883 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Robinson)
 1884 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Robinson)
 1885 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Robinson)
 1886 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Ames)
 1887 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Ames)
 1888 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Ames)
 1889 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Brackett)
 1890 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Russell)
 1891 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Russell)
 1892 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Russell)
 1893 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Greenhalge)
 1894 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Greenhalge)
 1895 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Greenhalge)
 1896 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Wolcott)
 1897 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Wolcott)
 1898 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Wolcott)
 1899 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Crane)
 1900 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Crane)
 1901 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Crane)
 1902 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bates)
 1903 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bates)
 1904 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Douglas)
 1905 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Guild)
 1906 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Guild)
 1907 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Guild)
 1908 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Draper)
 1909 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Draper)
 1910 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Foss)
 1911 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Foss)
 1912 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Foss)
 1913 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Walsh)
 1914 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Walsh)
 1915 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (McCall)
 1916 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (McCall)
 1917 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (McCall)
 1918 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Coolidge)
 1919 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Coolidge)

Two-year terms, starting in 1920:
 1920 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Cox)
 1922 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Cox)
 1924 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Fuller)
 1926 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Fuller)
 1928 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Allen)
 1930 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Ely)
 1932 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Ely)
 1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Curley)
 1936 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Hurley)
 1938 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Saltonstall)
 1940 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Saltonstall)
 1942 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Saltonstall)
 1944 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Tobin)
 1946 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Bradford)
 1948 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Dever)
 1950 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Dever)
 1952 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Herter)
 1954 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Herter)
 1956 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Furcolo)
 1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Furcolo)
 1960 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Volpe)
 1962 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Peabody)
 1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Volpe)

Four-year terms, starting in 1966:
 1966 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Sargent)
 1970 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Volpe)
 1974 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Dukakis)
 1978 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (King)
 1982 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Dukakis)
 1986 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Dukakis)
 1990 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Weld)
 1994 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Weld)
 1998 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Cellucci)
 2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Romney)
 2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Patrick)
 2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Patrick)
 2014 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Baker)
 2018 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Baker)
 2022 Massachusetts gubernatorial election (Healey)

Massachusetts Senate

 …
 2002 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2004 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2006 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2008 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2010 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2012 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2014 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2016 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2018 Massachusetts Senate elections
 2020 Massachusetts Senate elections

Massachusetts House of Representatives

 …
 2002 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2004 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2006 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2008 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2010 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2012 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2014 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2016 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2018 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections
 2020 Massachusetts House of Representatives elections

Governor's Council
 …
 2002 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2004 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2006 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2008 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2010 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2012 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2014 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2016 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2018 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections
 2020 Massachusetts Governor's Council elections

Ballot questions
General source:
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 1980:
 1.  Prohibit discrimination against handicapped persons
 2.  Proposition 2½
 3.  Limiting state and local taxes; increase state share of education costs
 4.  Increase salaries of certain state officials
 5.  Restrict state authority to place certain costs on cities and towns
 6.  Change legislative voting procedure for emergency laws
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2002:
 1.  Eliminating State Personal Income Tax
 2.  Massachusetts English Language Education in Public Schools Initiative
 3.  Taxpayer Funding for Political Campaigns
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2004:
 none
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2006:
 1.  Sale of Wine by Food Stores
 2.  Nomination of Candidates for Public Office
 3.  Family Child Care Providers
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2008:
 1.  Massachusetts State Income Tax Repeal
 2.  Massachusetts Sensible Marijuana Policy
 3.  Massachusetts Greyhound Protection Act
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2010:
 1.  Massachusetts No Sales Tax for Alcohol Initiative
 2.  Massachusetts Comprehensive Permits and Regional Planning Initiative
 3.  Massachusetts Sales Tax Relief Act
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2012:
 1.  Massachusetts Right to Repair Initiative
 2.  Massachusetts Death with Dignity Initiative
 3.  Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Initiative
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2014:
 1.  Massachusetts Automatic Gas Tax Increase Repeal Initiative
 2.  Massachusetts Expansion of Bottle Deposits Initiative
 3.  Massachusetts Casino Repeal Initiative
 4.  Massachusetts Paid Sick Days Initiative
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2016:
 1.  Massachusetts Expand Slot Machine Gaming Initiative
 2.  Massachusetts Charter School Expansion Initiative
 3.  Massachusetts Conditions for Farm Animals Initiative
 4.  Massachusetts Legalization, Regulation and Taxation of Marijuana Initiative
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2018:
 1.  Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits
 2.  Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending
 3.  Massachusetts Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Initiative
 Massachusetts ballot measures, 2020:
 1.  Enhance, Update and Protect the 2013 Motor Vehicle Right to Repair Law Initiative
 2.  Implement Ranked-Choice Voting in Elections Initiative

Local elections

Boston mayoral elections
One-year terms (from 1822):
 1894 Boston mayoral election (Curtis)
Two-year terms:
 1895 Boston mayoral election (Quincy)
 1897 Boston mayoral election (Quincy)
 1899 Boston mayoral election (Hart)
 1901 Boston mayoral election (P. Collins)
 1903 Boston mayoral election (P. Collins)
 1905 Boston mayoral election (Fitzgerald)
 1907 Boston mayoral election (Hibbard)
Four-year terms, starting in 1910:
 1910 Boston mayoral election (Fitzgerald)
 1914 Boston mayoral election (Curley)
 1917 Boston mayoral election (Peters)
 1921 Boston mayoral election (Curley)
 1925 Boston mayoral election (Nichols)
 1929 Boston mayoral election (Curley)
 1933 Boston mayoral election (Mansfield)
 1937 Boston mayoral election (Tobin)
 1941 Boston mayoral election (Tobin)
 1945 Boston mayoral election (Curley)
 1949 Boston mayoral election (Hynes)
 1951 Boston mayoral election (Hynes)
 1955 Boston mayoral election (Hynes)
 1959 Boston mayoral election (J. Collins)
 1963 Boston mayoral election (J. Collins)
 1967 Boston mayoral election (White)
 1971 Boston mayoral election (White)
 1975 Boston mayoral election (White)
 1979 Boston mayoral election (White)
 1983 Boston mayoral election (Flynn)
 1987 Boston mayoral election (Flynn)
 1991 Boston mayoral election (Flynn)
 1993 Boston mayoral election (Menino)
 1997 Boston mayoral election (Menino)
 2001 Boston mayoral election (Menino)
 2005 Boston mayoral election (Menino)
 2009 Boston mayoral election (Menino)
 2013 Boston mayoral election (Walsh)
 2017 Boston mayoral election (Walsh)
 2021 Boston mayoral election (Wu)

Boston City Council elections
 1983 Boston City Council election
 1985 Boston City Council election
 1987 Boston City Council election
 1989 Boston City Council election
 1991 Boston City Council election
 1993 Boston City Council election
 1995 Boston City Council election
 1997 Boston City Council election
 1999 Boston City Council election
 2001 Boston City Council election
 2003 Boston City Council election
 2005 Boston City Council election
 2007 Boston City Council election
 2009 Boston City Council election
 2011 Boston City Council election
 2013 Boston City Council election
 2015 Boston City Council election
 2017 Boston City Council election
 2019 Boston City Council election
 2021 Boston City Council election

Other
 2013 Cambridge, Massachusetts municipal election

National elections

United States president
 …
 1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Clinton won both state and the election)
 1996 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Clinton won both state and the election)
 2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Gore won state; G. W. Bush won election)
 2004 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Kerry won state; G. W. Bush won election)
 2008 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Obama won both the state and the election)
 2012 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Obama won both the state and the election)
 2016 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Clinton won state; Trump won election)
 2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (Biden won both the state and the election)

United States Senate
(With winners)

United States House of Representatives

 1788–1789 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1790–1792 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1792–1793 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1794–1795 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1796–1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1796 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Thomson J. Skinner)
 1796 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (Samuel Sewall)
 1797 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election (Bailey Bartlett)
 1798–1799 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1800 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Ebenezer Mattoon)
 1800 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election (Levi Lincoln Sr.)
 1800 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (Nathan Read)
 1801 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election (Seth Hastings)
 1801–1802 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (Samuel Thatcher)
 1801 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election (Richard Cutts)
 1802–1803 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1804 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1804 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (Simon Larned)
 1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1807 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (Ezekiel Bacon)
 1808 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1808 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (Joseph Story)
 1810–1811 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1810 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (Joseph Allen)
 1810 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election (Abijah Bigelow)
 1811 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election (William M. Richardson)
 1812–1813 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1812 Massachusetts's 17th congressional district special election (Francis Carr)
 1814–1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1814 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election (Samuel Dana)
 1814 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (John W. Hulbert)
 1816–1817 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1816 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election (Benjamin Adams)
 1817 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Jonathan Mason)
 1818–1819 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1818 Massachusetts's 20th congressional district special election (Enoch Lincoln)
 1820–1821 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1820 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Benjamin Gorham)
 1820 Massachusetts's 8th congressional district special election (Aaron Hobart)
 1820 Massachusetts's 13th congressional district special election (William Eustis)
 1822–1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1824–1825 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1824 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (John Bailey)
 1826–1827 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1827 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Benjamin Gorham)
 1828 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1830–1832 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1833–1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1834–1835 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1834 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (Stephen C. Phillips)
 1834 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Levi Lincoln Jr.)
 1836 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1838–1839 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1838 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (Leverett Saltonstall)
 1839
 1839 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Osmyn Baker)
 1840–1841 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1840 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Robert C. Winthrop)
 1841 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Charles Hudson)
 1842–1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 June 1842 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Nathan Appleton)
 November 1842 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Robert C. Winthrop)
 1843 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (Joseph Grinnell)
 1844–1846 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1846 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1848–1850 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1848 Massachusetts's 8th congressional district special election (Horace Mann)
 1850–1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1850 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Samuel A. Eliot)
 1852 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1852 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (Francis B. Fay)
 1852 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Lorenzo Sabine)
 1852 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election (Edward P. Little)
 1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1854 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (Thomas D. Eliot)
 1856 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1858 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1858 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (Daniel W. Gooch)
 1860 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1861 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Samuel Hooper)
 1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1862 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election (Amasa Walker)
 1864 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1865 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Nathaniel P. Banks)
 1866 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1869 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (George M. Brooks)
 1870 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1872 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (Constantine C. Esty)
 1872 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election (Alvah Crocker)
 1873 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Henry L. Pierce)
 1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1875 Massachusetts's 10th congressional district special election (Julius H. Seelye)
 1875 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (William W. Crapo)
 1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1876 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Josiah G. Abbott)
 1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1884 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (Francis W. Rockwell)
 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1893 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (William Everett)
 1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1895 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (William H. Moody)
 1896 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1897 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (George P. Lawrence)
 1898 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1898 Massachusetts's 13th congressional district special election (William S. Greene)
 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1902 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1902 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Augustus P. Gardner)
 1904 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1906 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Charles G. Washburn)
 1908 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1910 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1910 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (John J. Mitchell)
 1910 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election (Eugene Foss)
 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1913 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election (Calvin Paige)
 1913 Massachusetts's 13th congressional district special election (John J. Mitchell)
 1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1914 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (James A. Gallivan)
 1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1917 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Willfred W. Lufkin)
 1918 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1920 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1921 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Abram Andrew)
 1922 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1922 Massachusetts's 16th congressional district special election (Charles L. Gifford)
 1924 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1924 Massachusetts's 15th congressional district special election (Robert M. Leach)
 1925 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (Henry L. Bowles)
 1925 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Edith Nourse Rogers)
 1926 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1926 Massachusetts's 8th congressional district special election (Frederick W. Dallinger)
 1928 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1928 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election (John W. McCormack)
 1928 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election (Richard Wigglesworth)
 1930 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1930 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district special election (William J. Granfield)
 1932 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1934 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1936 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1937 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (Lawrence J. Connery)
 1937 Massachusetts's 11th congressional district special election (Thomas A. Flaherty)
 1938 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1940 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1941 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (Thomas J. Lane)
 1942 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1944 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1946 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1947 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election (Donald W. Nicholson)
 1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1950 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (William H. Bates)
 1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1962 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1966 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1969 Massachusetts's 6th congressional district special election (Michael J. Harrington)
 1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1976 Massachusetts's 7th congressional district special election (Ed Markey)
 1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1991 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election (John Olver)
 1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2001 Massachusetts's 9th congressional district special election (Stephen Lynch)
 2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2007 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Nikki Tsongas)
 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2013 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election (Katherine Clark)
 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Elections by year

1780s - 1790s

1800s

1810s

1820s

1830s

1840s

1850s

1860s

1870s

1880s

1890s

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
Political party strength in Massachusetts
United States presidential elections in Massachusetts

References

External links

Elections Division at the Massachusetts Secretary of State official site

 Digital Public Library of America. Assorted materials related to Massachusetts elections

  (State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)

Elections List
Political events in Massachusetts
massachusetts