The 1947 Major League Baseball season, was contested from April 15 through October 6, 1947. The American League and National League both featured eight teams, with each team playing a 154-game schedule. The World Series was contested between the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in seven games, capturing the 11th championship in franchise history.

On April 15, Opening Day for the National League's Brooklyn Dodgers, Jackie Robinson was in the Dodgers' lineup, playing first base against the Boston Braves at Ebbets Field. His appearance in a major league game broke the baseball color line, the practice of excluding players of black African descent. Later in the season, Larry Doby debuted with the Cleveland Indians on July 5, becoming the first black player in the American League.

Statistical leaders

Standings

American League

National League

Postseason

Bracket

Awards and honors

Baseball Hall of Fame: Carl Hubbell; Frankie Frisch; Mickey Cochrane; Lefty Grove
Most Valuable Player: Joe DiMaggio (AL); Bob Elliott (NL)
Rookie of the Year: Jackie Robinson
The Sporting News Player of the Year Award: Ted Williams (AL) – OF, Boston Red Sox
The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award: Bucky Harris (AL) – New York Yankees

Managers

American League

National League

Home field attendance

Events

April–June
 April 15 – Major League Baseball's color line is officially broken when Jackie Robinson makes his Major League debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers against the Boston Braves at Ebbets Field.
 April 27 – It is Babe Ruth Day at Yankee Stadium. Despite having throat cancer, he speaks to the packed house, proclaiming, "The only real game, I think, in the world is baseball."
 June 18 – Ewell Blackwell pitches a no-hitter, leading the Cincinnati Reds to a 6–0 win over the Boston Braves.

July–September
 July 5 – Larry Doby makes his debut for the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first black baseball player in the American League, and fully integrating Major League Baseball.
 July 8 – At Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs, the American League defeats the National League, 2–1, in the All-Star Game.
 July 10 – Cleveland Indians pitcher Don Black throws a no-hitter in a 3–0 win over the Philadelphia Athletics.
 July 19 – Hall of Fame Negro leagues player Willard Brown makes his major league debut with the St. Louis Browns. Brown would only appear in 21 games for St. Louis in his only major league season, batting .179 with one home run and six runs batted in.
 July 20 – With both Hank Thompson and Willard Brown in the starting line-up, the St. Louis Browns become the first major league club to field two black players at the same time. Both players play all nine innings of both games of a doubleheader with the Boston Red Sox.
 August 13 – The St. Louis Browns' Willard Brown clubs a pinch hit a two-run, inside-the-park homer against Detroit Tigers pitcher Hal Newhouser, to become the first African American player to hit a home run in American League history.
 August 20 – Washington Senators relief pitcher Tom Ferrick loses both games of a doubleheader with the Cleveland Indians. While pitching with the St. Louis Browns the previous season, Ferrick won both games of a doubleheader against the Philadelphia Athletics on August 4.
 August 26 – Brooklyn Dodgers' Dan Bankhead became the first black pitcher in the majors. He homered in his first major league plate appearance, but didn't fare well on the mound. In 3 1⁄3 innings of relief, he gave up 10 hits and six earned runs to the Pittsburgh Pirates, who won the game, 16–3.
 September 3 – Bill McCahan of the Philadelphia Athletics no-hits the Washington Senators in a 3–0 victory.

October–December
 October 6 – The New York Yankees defeat the Brooklyn Dodgers, 5–2, in Game 7 of the World Series to win their eleventh World Championship, four games to three. This was the first World Series involving a nonwhite player, as Dodgers first baseman Jackie Robinson had racially integrated Major League Baseball at the beginning of the season. It was also the first Series to be shown on television although coverage was limited to New York City and surrounding environs.
 November 27 – Triple Crown winner Ted Williams (.343 BA, 32 home runs, 114 RBI) is edged out by Joe DiMaggio (.315, 20, 97) for the American League MVP Award by one point. One BBWAA member fails to include Williams anywhere on his ballot.

See also
1947 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season

References

External links
1947 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference

Major League Baseball seasons


USS Okanogan (APA/LPA-220) was a  that saw service with the US Navy in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type and named after Okanogan County, Washington.

Construction
Okanogan was laid down 10 August 1944, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCV hull 568, by Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard No. 2, Richmond, California; launched 26 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. E. J. Husted; and acquired and commissioned 3 December 1944.

Design
Okanogans primary mission as an attack transport was to carry and disembark with her own landing craft, a full battalion of troops, and to evacuate troops, casualties, and prisoners of war from the objective. In line with this, she was equipped with all facilities for the troops embarked; messing, berthing, medical and dental care, and recreational facilities.

Service history

World War II
Okanogans first mission began 16 February 1945, when she sailed from San Francisco bound for Hawaii with the staff of Transport Division 57, along with a number of Navy, Marine, and civilian passengers.

Invasion of Okinawa

At Pearl Harbor Okanogan embarked some 740 Army assault troops, reinforcements for Okinawa, where she arrived 17 April. After five days off the fiercely embattled island, "where the fleet had come to stay", she sailed for Saipan, with 160 battle casualties. At Saipan 1,000 veterans embarked for San Francisco which she reached 1 June.

Transport duties
Okanogan voyaged across the Pacific and between the combat areas twice more as the war closed.

Post-war service
Only brief periods in West Coast ports broke her heavy schedule, brought on by the urgent need to redeploy troops for occupation duties and to return combat veterans to the United States. She completed a voyage at San Francisco 9 January 1946, and a month later sailed for Norfolk, Virginia, her home port for operations with the Atlantic Fleetfor the next four years.

Peacetime missions
As the Navy and Marines sharpened the techniques of warfare born in wartime, Okanogan made reserve training cruises and took part in maneuvers and exercises along the eastern seaboard, in the Caribbean, and, in the fall of 1949, in the Hawaiian Islands.

Korean War
Okanogan rejoined the US Pacific Fleet upon the outbreak of the Korean War, and in August 1950, loaded part of the 1st Marine Division at San Diego for Japan. These troops had been urgently requested by General Douglas MacArthur for a counter-offensive against North Korean aggression. Okanogan landed the men at Inchon 15 September, in an amphibious assault of incredible difficulty. The skill with which the operation was executed won acclaim from General MacArthur, who exclaimed "...the Navy and Marine Corps have never shone brighter …". Okanogan landed men of the same division in the assault on Wonsan 26 October.

Okanogan evacuated three thousand refugees from Chinampo in December; one more was born at sea and later named for the ship by its grateful parents. In January 1951, Okanogan brought more troops to Inchon, and in April served as flagship in demonstration landings at Kojo.

Returning to San Diego in May 1951, Okanogan trained indefatigably for future combat assignments. In September and October she carried men of the US Air Force to Yokohama, and sailed again for Japan in March 1952, carrying Naval Beach Group One. She transported the staff of Landing Ship Flotilla One to Kojedo, Korea, and carried out amphibious exercises off Japan, before returning to Long Beach in December.

Peacetime service
For the next eight years, Okanogan continued a tight program of training both for herself and for Marines when she was not deployed to the Far East. Such six to seven-month cruises were made in 1954, 1956, 1958, and 1959. An experience of her 1958 cruise illustrates the ability of the Navy to make a world-wide response to any crisis. When the US 6th Fleet landed Marines in Lebanon, in July, Okanogan, half a world away, at once proceeded to Okinawa, ready to load more Marines and carry them to the Mediterranean should they be needed.

During 1959 Okanogan was in San Francisco for overhaul and San Diego for refresher training.

Amphibious Squadron SEVEN including Okanogan left Long Beach on 16 February 1960, and after participating in a large scale amphibious exercise in Taiwan, a search and rescue operation and deterrent operations in the Taiwan Straits. Okanogan remained in Southeast Asia conducting amphibious exercises on Luzon in the Philippines and visited various ports. Her first mission, in preparing to return to Long Beach, was the delivery of ten landing craft to the Laotian government; her second, the loading of Thai and Vietnamese art treasures for a planned tour of the United States. Okanogan returned to Yokosuka Japan to reconfigure # 1 and 4 hatches and per-voyage repairs. Okanogan returned to Long Beach 25 July. For the remainder of the year Okanogan conducted amphibious exercises off the coast of California.

The Laotian situation entailed changes of embarkation plans for the 4th Marine Regiment. On 11 March 1961, while Amphibious Squadron SEVEN including Okanogan was in Hawaii, originally intended for an amphibious assault exercise on California beaches, the Marines were instead carried, under Top Secret orders, to Buckner Bay Okinawa where Amphibious Squadron SEVEN joined the amphibious squadron and an amphibious command ship already in WESTPAC until tensions abated. Amphibious Squadron SEVEN returned to Long Beach on 22 May 1961. Okanogan was in Portland Oregon for overhaul, San Diego for refresher training and amphibious exercises off the coast of California.

Amphibious Squadron SEVEN departed Long Beach for the Western Pacific on 22 January 1962. Okanogan operating as part of Amphibious Ready Group SEVENTH Fleet. She remained in Southeast Asia conducting amphibious exercises on Luzon in the Philippines and visited various ports. OKANOGAN returned to Long Beach on 24 July. During international tensions brought on by the discovery of Russian missile sites in Cuba, Amphibious Squadron SEVEN including Okanogan embarked units of the 5th Marine Expeditionary Brigade and sailed from San Diego on 27 October, with two reinforced amphibious squadrons and the amphibious command ship . The Panama Canal was closed to commercial shipping and on 5 November warships of Amphibious Group THREE arrived in Panama. The 22 amphibious ships passed thru the canal to the Caribbean. Okanogan operated with the Atlantic Fleet until tensions abated with the withdrawal of the missiles. Okanogan returned to Long Beach on 15 December 1962. For the remainder of 1962, the ship remained in Long Beach with the heavy cargo remaining aboard.

During 1963–1964, Okanogan again cruised with the 7th Fleet in the Western Pacific.

Project SHAD
Okanogan was subjected to simulated chemical weapon attacks in January and February of 1965 under Project SHAD.

Vietnam War

Okanaogan left Long Beach 19 April 1965, it was for direct participation in the Vietnam War. Through May and June 1965, Okanaogan carried men and ammunition between Okinawa and Da Nang, Chu Lai, and Qui Nhơn; from July to November, she served as station ship at Da Nang, providing the Navy Support Activity there with berthing and messing facilities for 700 to 900 persons. Her boats operated 18 to 20 hours a day in this essential support for build-up of one of the major bases for the Allied effort to repel Communist aggression.

Okanogan returned to Long Beach 17 December, and in June and July 1966, again voyaged to South Vietnam, carrying Marine communications technicians. On 17 November 1966, she returned to Da Nang as station ship. Okanogan arrived at home port Long Beach on 14 June 1967. As a member of Amphibious Force Pacific, Okanogan continued her mission in transporting, training and supporting the fleet into 1968.

Decommissioning
She was decommissioned 5 February 1970, with delivery to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) 20 April 1971. Okanogan was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Suisun Bay Group, Benicia, California. She was struck from the Navy Vessel Register on 1 June 1973.

Fate
On 2 October 1979, Nissho-Iwai American Corporation, traded SS Santa Rita for Okanogan. She was withdrawn 19 November 1979, to be scrapped by Dong Kuk Steel, South Korea.

Decorations
Okanogan received one battle star for World War II Service, six for Korean War Service, four for Armed Forces Expeditionary Service, and five campaign stars for Vietnam War Service.

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Online resources

Further reading

External links

Haskell-class attack transports
Okanogan County, Washington
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
1944 ships


Constantin Schifirneț (born August 29, 1945) is a Romanian sociologist  and historian of philosophy.

Biography
He was born in Bahna, Neamț County, son of Maria Schifirneț, née Movileanu, and of Neculai Schifirneț. In 1968 he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Iași with a master's degree in philosophy. Between 1968 and 1990 he worked as a researcher at the Research Centre on Youth in Bucharest. In 1980, he earned a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Bucharest.

In February–May 1981 he was a visiting scholar at Boston University and the University of California, Berkeley in the United States. He has presented papers at international scientific congresses and conferences organized in Romania, France, England, China, Denmark, Israel, Germany, Italy, Russia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cuba, and Belgium. He is a member of the European Sociological Association and the International Sociological Association, Dean and Founder of the Political Sciences Department at Dimitrie Cantemir University in Bucharest.

Between 1990 and 1994 he was part of the Government of Romania as general director in Ministry of Culture, Bucharest. Schifirneț is professor of sociology at the National School of Administration and Political Science of Bucharest, Romania. In 2007, he was awarded a prize by the Romanian Academy for his work, C. Rãdulescu-Motru. His Life and Activities. His scientific interests are sociology and anthropology, Romanian philosophy and sociology, modernisation, sociology of age and generations, communication. He has coordinated „Ethnos”' collection of Albatros Printing House. He has republished 30 titles of Romanian works - a lot of them for the first time since first edition

He has contribution in modernisation and development sociology, in age and generations sociology, in the study of Romanian thinkers, and especially Constantin Rădulescu-Motru. For instance, he has examined the outlook of Rădulescu-Motru about philosophy of Kant.

Schifirneţ is one of the first Romanian researchers who have scientifically researched the topic of mass media and brought a valuable contribution to the development of this subject in the Romanian research literature before 1989. Since 1968, he has conducted several academic studies on the impact of mass communication on public opinion formation. Schifirneţ has coordinated in 1969, empirical research 'Opinions of students', first sociological research in Romania on a national sample.  A summary of the findings of this research was published in the volume 'Student and Society' (coordinators F. Mahler, A. Mihu, C. Schifirnet), 1973. In 1971, together with Ovidiu Bădina, he coordinated the volume Youth and Mass Media.

In his book, “Generaţie şi cultură” (Generation and Culture, 1985), Schifirneţ defined culture through a series of antagonist categories such as: classic culture - modern culture, traditional culture - mass media culture, and generation culture - global culture. He identified the interferences between different levels of culture and also the multiple relationships between the cultural behavior of a social group and various types of culture. His approach on the term of generation allowed him to develop the sociology of age and generations that was lacking from the Romanian sociological literature of that time. In his works, he demonstrated the existence of a conflict between generations in the socialist society.
His scientific studies on subculture and counterculture (1981, 1985) were the first in the Romanian sociology to approach these two notions. During those years, these concepts were rejected by the Romanian sociologists because of their bourgeois belongings and were considered to be irrelevant in the analysis of the communist society.
Through the analysis of the works of major Romanian thinkers, he succeeds in updating relevant concepts related to the term of nation such as: ethnic identity and agents of modernization in the Romanian society. He elaborated a monograph of the “forms without substance” theory in his book Formele fără fond, un brand românesc (The Forms without Substance, a Romanian Brand), 2007.

Schifirneţ has studied historical particularities the modern evolution of Romanians. The modernisation has begun with political institutional construction and not with the building of  capitalist economy. The Romanian modernization was against boyars and social traditional structures. But a lot of traditional elements had outlived the new capitalist political-juridical organism from Romanian society. Romania is still a country which faced a late modernization; in the same time it has got many elements of modernity which fail to coagulate stable modern structures in all departments of society. Schifirneţ launched and developed the concept of tendential modernity. This concept explains the role of modernity for building political and legal institutional framework necessary to develop modern nation in a society with underdeveloped economy. Throughout its history, the Romanian state gave priority to the national construction and the problems related to the economic and social development were postponed or subordinated to the national issue. Tendential modernity describes the evolution of modernization processes within the societies that are only partially functional.  Schifirneţ thinks that it is useful to analyze the Romanian modernization processes under the notion of tendential modernity. This means the development in the opposite direction: from the affirmation of national spirit and political construction towards economical development. In Romanian society modernity is a trend, which coexists with obsolete institutional  forms and ancient substance. Tendential modernity penetrates slowly and hard through the complicated network of socio-institutional structures of the traditional and patriarchal Romanian society. Since it has no clear dominant form, it is a mosaic modernity. Modernity is the framework and the element which supports the Romanian nation, but not by means of economical way, as a basis of a national state.  Modernity is a tendency, an ideal in the construction of a  nation.

Awards
2007: The Romanian Academy Prize for his work C. Rãdulescu-Motru. His Life and Activities.

Books
 Schifirneţ, C., 1973 - Studentul şi societatea (The Student and Society)(coord. and author)
 Schifirneţ, C., 1974 - Adolescenţii şi cultura (coauthor) (The Adolescences and Culture) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 1985 - Generaţie şi cultură (Generation and Culture) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 1987 - Tineretul între permanenţă şi înnoire (The Youth between permanence and Innovation)
 Schifirneţ, C., 1991 - Lectura şi biblioteca publică (The Reading and Public Library)
 Schifirneţ, C., 1993 - La lecture d'est en ouest (in colab.), Paris
 Schifirneţ, C., 1996 - Civilizaţie modernă şi naţiune. Mihail Kogălniceanu, Titu Maiorescu, Mihai Eminescu (The Modern Civilization and Nation) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 1997 - Educaţia adulţilor în schimbare (Adult Education in Change)
 Schifirneţ, C., 1999 – Sociologie (Sociology) (2nd edition - 2002, 3rd edition - 2004)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2001 - Geneza modernă  ideii naţionale. Psihologie etnică şi identitate naţională (The Modern Genesis of National Idea. Ethnic Psychology and National Identity) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 2003-2005 - C. Rădulescu-Motru. Viaţa şi faptele sale, vol. I-III (C. Rădulescu-Motru.His Life and Activities, vol. I-III) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 2007 - Formele fără fond, un brand românesc (The Forms without Substance, a Romanian Brand)  Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 2009 - Sociologie românească modernă (Modern Romanian Sociology)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2011 - Europenizarea societăţii româneşti şi mass-media (Europeanization of the Romanian society and mass-media)(coord. and author)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2012 - Filosofia românească în spaţiul public. Modernitate şi europenizare (Romanian philosophy in public space. Modernity and Europeanization) Library of Congress LCCN permalink
 Schifirneţ, C., 2013 - Românii, cum au fost şi cum sunt( Romanians, as they were and as are)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2014 - Mass-media, modernitate tendențială şi  europenizare în era Internetului (Mass media, Tendential Modernity and Europeanization in the Internet Age)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2016 - Modernitatea tendențială. Reflecții despre despre evoluția  modernă a societății (Tendential modernity. Reflections on about the evolution of modern society)
 Schifirneţ, C., 2021 -  Tendential modernity

Research reports

1. Construcția mediatică a europenizării ca problemă publică în contextul integrării europene a societății românești (coordonator), Facultatea de Comunicare și Relații Publice, SNSPA, 2011, 297 pg.;

2. Educație, școală și creativitate, Centrul de Cercetări și Studii pentru Tineret, Asociația Națională de Sprijin a Inițiativelor Tinerilor, 2005, 36 pg.;

3. Relații sociale ale tinerilor, Centrul de Cercetări și Studii pentru Tineret, Asociația Națională de Sprijin a Inițiativelor Tinerilor, 2003, 30 pg.;

4. Sisteme alternative de formare a tineretului - Relația dintre instituții de învățământ și sistemele alternative, Centrul de Studii și Cercetări pentru Problemele Tineretului (CSCPT), mai 1998, 56 pg.;

5. Sistemele alternative de formare a tineretului-Impactul sistemelor alternative cu raporturile între generații, CSCPT, septembrie 1998, 91 pg.;

6. Sisteme alternative de formare a tineretului - Strategii, instituții și experiențe în educația permanentă, CSCPT, noiembrie 1998, 56 pg.;

7. Starea tineretului din România, capitolele Educație, Consum cultural CSCPT, noiembrie 1998, 61 pg.;

8. Sisteme alternative de formare a tineretului - Politici de educație alternativă, CSCPT, martie 1997, 43 pg.;

9. Sisteme alternative de formare a tineretului. Diagnoza situației actuale prin politicile de educație alternativă în România, august 1997, 67 pg.;

10. Sisteme alternative de formare a tineretului. Dificultăți și limite ale influenței sistemelor alternative asupra tineretului CSCPT, noiembrie 1997, 96 pg.;

11. Potențialul creativ al tineretului român: Forme instituționale și neinstituționale de manifestare a creativității tinerilor, CSCPT martie 1996, 52 pg.;

12. Potențialul creativ al tineretului român: Modalități de implicare socială a tinerilor înalt creativi, CSCPT, noiembrie 1996, 98 pg.;

13. Educația adulților în perioada de tranziție, Institutul de Cercetare a Calității Vieții, 1994-1995, 87 pg.;

14. Vârsta și cultura populară, C.C.P.T., 1988, 156 pg.;

15. Cititor, carte, biblioteca publică, 1989, 156 pg.;

16. Cultură, instituții culturale și socializarea tineretului, C.C.P.T., 1987, 194 pg.;

17. Integrarea socio-profesională a tinerilor din mediul rural si mediul urban, C.C.P.T., 1986, 163 pg. + anexe;

18. Tineretul universitar - interese pentru studiu și aspirații profesionale, C.C.P.T., 1986, 169 pg. + anexe;

19. Cultură, tineret, mass media, educație, C.C.P.T., 1986, 351 p. + anexe (99 p.);

20 . Dinamica opțiunilor culturale, C.C.P.T., 1985, 117 pg.;

21. Atitudinea tinerilor față de sat, 1982, 30 pg.;

22. Nivelul de cunoștințe artistice al tinerilor, C.C.P.T., 1982, 46 pg.;

23. Pregătirea pentru profesie a tineretului universitar, C.C.P.T., 1982, 157 pg.;

24. Mass media și tineretul (coautor), C.C.P.T.1982, 50 pg.;

25. Comportament și opțiuni culturale ale tinerilor, C.C.P.T., 1981, 150 pg.;

26. Interese manifestate de tineri în timpul liber, capitol din raportul colectiv Aspirații, cerințe și orientări ale tineretului în petrecerea   timpului liber (coordonator Petre Datculescu) C.C.P.T., 1980, 20 pg.;

27. Orizontul de cultură al tinerilor muncitori, capitol din raportul colectiv Aspecte calitative ale forței de muncă tinere din industria, C.C.P.T, 1978, 40 pg.;

28. Activitatea profesională, de cercetare științifică și practică a studenților, etapa a-II-a, C.C.P.T.,1976, 104 pg.;

29. Activitatea profesională, de cercetare științifică și practică a studenților, etapa I- a, C.C.P.T., 1975, 80 pg.;

30. Structura și organizarea activităților organizațiilor studențești, C.C.P.T., 1972, (I), 168 pg., 1973 (II), 102 pg.;

31. Interese culturale ale adolescenților liceeni, C.C.P.T., 1971, 168 pg.;

32. Forme și metode de educație politică a studenților, C.C.P.T., 1970, 30 pg.;

33. Structura socială a tineretului universitar (în colaborare), C.C.P.T., 1970, 50 pg.;

34. Comportament și nivel de cunoastere politică al studenților (în colaborare), C.C.P.T., 1970, 193 pg.

Bibliography

 Dictionarul General al Literaturii Române, S/T (General Dictionary of Romanian Literature, S/T) Editura Univers enciclopedic, 2007, p. 128.
 Ştefan Costea (coordonator), Sociologi români (Romanian Sociologists), Editura Expert, 2001, pp. 395–396
 Enciclopedia marilor personalităţi, (Enciclopedy of Personalities) volumul V, Editura Geneze, 2003, pp. 355–359.
 Septimiu Chelcea, Interviu cu Constantin Schifirneţ la 60 de ani, (Interview with Constantin Schifirneţ) "Sociologie românească", volumul III, nr. 3, toamna 2005, pp. 245–258.
 Brânduşa Negulescu, De la răzeş la universitar (From Peasant to Professor), Paideea, nr. 4, 2005, pp. 38–49.

References

External links
CV Constantin Schifirneţ
Berkley University CSHE@50 list of Affiliates
Notes on Romanian Sociology, Acta Sociologica, January 1974 17: 78-82,
Ref. 205
Abstract archive
a full text article by Constantin Schifirnet about 'tendentios modernity'
article by Constantin Schifirnet, Tendential modernity, in "Social Science Information", March 2012, 51: 22-51
by Constantin Schifirneţ  Orthodoxy, Church, State, and National Identity in the Context of Modernity, in the Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, vol 12, Issue 34 (Spring 2013): 173-208

1945 births
20th-century Romanian philosophers
21st-century Romanian philosophers
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
Living people
People from Neamț County
Academic staff of the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration
Romanian biographers
Male biographers
Romanian book publishers (people)
Romanian historians of philosophy
Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
Romanian sociologists
20th-century biographers
21st-century biographers
20th-century Romanian male writers


Measurement Canada () is a special operating agency of the Government of Canada's Innovation, Science and Economic Development portfolio, in the Small Business, Tourism and Marketplace Services sector. The agency's mandate is to ensure the integrity and accuracy of trade measurement in Canada, through enforcement and administration of federal acts and regulations.

Measurement Canada approves, inspects, and certifies measurement instruments, and investigates and resolves complaints regarding inaccurate measurement. In 2015–16, Measurement Canada issued 23,000 measurement standards certificates, performed over 4,000 oversight activities on the inspections done by Authorized Service Providers and approximately 15,000 marketplace monitoring inspections, as well as investigated over 1,400 complaints. For 2016, the compliance rate for accuracy of the measuring devices subject to mandatory inspection frequencies was 93%.

Legislation
Legislation Measurement Canada is responsible for administering and enforcing include:

 Weights and Measures Act
 Electricity and Gas Inspection Act

As well as the Fairness at the Pumps Act, which was passed in 2011, amending the above acts, putting in place a mandatory inspection regime at gas pumps, and raising monetary penalties for non-compliance.

Organization
Measurement Canada provides services in five core areas:

 Calibration of Measurement Standards
 Approval of Measuring Instruments
 Inspection, Certification and Enforcement
 Dispute and Complaint Investigation
 Oversight of Authorized Service Providers

Measurement Canada is divided into five directorates, three regional offices and 16 offices located across Canada, and its headquarters and laboratory test facilities are located in Ottawa.

Measurement Canada uses Authorized Service Providers to assist it in fulfilling its mandate.

See also
 Custody transfer

References

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Standards organizations in Canada

Special operating agencies of Canada


Mirza Azeem Baig Chughtai (December 30, 1928 – February 17, 2009), known in literary circles by his takhallus (pen name) Shabnam Romani (), was a renowned Urdu poet based in Karachi, Pakistan. Shabnam Romani wrote a number of books including Jazeera, Doosra Himala, and Tohmat. Romani was born in Budaun, India, but moved to Pakistan and lived most of his life in Karachi.  He was the publisher and editor of Quarterly Aqdar, a literary Urdu magazine. He wrote a regular column in "Daily Mashriq" Karachi.

At the age of 80, Romani died on February 17, 2009, after a long illness.
Faisal Azeem, one of Romani's two sons, is a poet based in Canada—his book "Meri Aankhon saay Dekho" was published in 2006.

Shabnam's works
 Masnavi Sair-e-Karachi (1959)
 Jazeera
 Tohmat
 Doosra Himala
 Hyde Park
 Mozay Chilghozay
 Hurf Nissbat . hajira

References
http://www.dawn.com/2003/10/19/local9.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20071114062053/http://www.urdudost.com/albums/album01.html

External links
Official Website

1928 births
2009 deaths
Urdu-language poets from Pakistan
Pakistani poets
Muhajir people
Pakistani scholars
Poets from Karachi
Pakistani magazine editors
Magazine publishers (people)
Pakistani publishers (people)
20th-century Pakistani poets


Fernando Acevedo Portugues (born July 26, 1946) is a retired track and field athlete from Peru, who won the bronze medal in the men's 400 metres at the 1971 Pan American Games. He represented his native country at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.  He is still the Peruvian National record holder in the 200 metres and the 400 metres and was the anchor man of the 4x400 metres relay team, the 200, 400 and relay set in a 4-day period at the Pan American Games.

Achievements

References
1971 Year Ranking

External links

1946 births
Living people
Peruvian male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Peru
Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Peru
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 1971 Pan American Games
20th-century Peruvian people


The Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory () was a music institute in Berlin, established in 1893, which for decades (until 1960) was one of the most internationally renowned schools of music. It was formed from the existing schools of music of Xaver Scharwenka and Karl Klindworth, the Scharwenka-Konservatorium and the Klindworth-Musikschule. The former, with his brother Phillipp, consolidated the two.

Directors
1881–1892: Xaver Scharwenka (Scharwenka-Konservatorium)
1890–1892: Friedrich Wilhelm Langhans (Scharwenka-Konservatorium)
1883–1892: Karl Klindworth (Klindworth-Musikschule)
1893–1905: Hugo Goldschmidt
1893–1917: Philipp Scharwenka
1898–1924: Xaver Scharwenka
1905–1917: Robert Robitschek
1929–?: Max Dawison
1937–1954: Walter Scharwenka

Teachers
 Conrad Ansorge
 Wilhelm Berger
 Fritz von Borries
 Sergei Bortkiewicz
 Gustav Bumcke
 Max Butting
 Hugo van Dalen
 Hanns Eisler
 Harald Genzmer
 Alfred von Glehn
 Bruno Henze
 Wladimir Horbowski
 Wolfgang Jacobi
 Alberto Jonás
 Hugo Kaun
 Leo Kestenberg
 Walter Kirchhoff
 James Kwast
 Télémaque Lambrino
 Hugo Leichtentritt
 Jacques van Lier
 Moritz Mayer-Mahr
 Florizel von Reuter
 Helmut Roloff
 Nino Rossi
 Marie Schmidtlein
 Else Streit
 Alfred Szendrei
 James Simon
 Hans-Joachim Vetter
 Wladimir Vogel

Students
 Siegfried Behrend
 John Victor Bergquist
 Theodor Bohlmann
 Paul Dessau
 Rodolfo Holzmann
 Otto Klemperer
 Margarete Klose
 Max Janowski
 Adalbert Luczkowski
 Rudolf Müller-Chappuis
 Lotar Olias
 Helmut Schmidt
 Jascha Spivakovsky
 Anna Suszczynska

References

Music schools in Germany
Defunct schools in Berlin
Music in Berlin


Cosmin Văsîie (born 16 November 1976) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a full back. Văsîie started his career in his hometown at IS Câmpia Turzii, then played for Universitatea Cluj, CFR Cluj, Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț and UTA Arad among others. With CFR Cluj he had the best results, succeeding in a Liga I promotion and a participation in the 2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup, where he played in 5 matches as the railwaymen reached the final.

Honours
Universitatea Cluj
Divizia C: 2000–01
CFR Cluj
Liga II: 2003–04
UEFA Intertoto Cup runner-up: 2005

Notes

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
People from Câmpia Turzii
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Liga I players
Liga II players
Liga III players
FC Universitatea Cluj players
CFR Cluj players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
FC UTA Arad players
ACS Sticla Arieșul Turda players
FC Unirea Dej players
CSM Câmpia Turzii players
Footballers from Cluj County


Ionuţ Bălan (born 2 March 1978 in Bucharest) is a Romanian former football right defender.

Honours
Dinamo București
Cupa României: 2004–05
Unirea Alba Iulia
Divizia B: 2008–09

References

External links

Living people
1978 births
Footballers from Bucharest
Romanian men's footballers
CS Minaur Baia Mare (football) players
FC Dinamo București players
FCV Farul Constanța players
FC UTA Arad players
CSM Unirea Alba Iulia players
ASC Daco-Getica București players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Men's association football defenders


Constantin Bumbac (born 29 April 1984) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a centre back for Liga IV side Axiopolis Cernavodă. In his career, Bumbac also played for teams such as Cetate Deva, CFR Timișoara, Farul Constanța or Dunărea Călărași, among others.

External links

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Suceava
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Liga I players
Liga II players
Liga III players
CSM Jiul Petroșani players
CSM Deva players
CS Corvinul Hunedoara players
CSF CFR Timișoara players
FC UTA Arad players
CSM Unirea Alba Iulia players
CS Mioveni players
FC Dunărea Călărași players
FCV Farul Constanța players


Iulian Teodor Ştefan (born 24 July 1980) is a Romanian former football midfielder. In his career Ștefan played mainly for Pandurii Târgu Jiu, but also for teams such as Farul Constanța or UTA Arad.

Honours
Pandurii Târgu Jiu
Liga II: 2004–05

References

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Bucharest
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga I players
FCV Farul Constanța players
FC UTA Arad players
CS Năvodari players
Liga II players
CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu players


Daniel Ovidiu Tudor (born 1 June 1974) is a Romanian football coach and a former goalkeeper.

Whilst at Unirea Urziceni he played in the UEFA Champions League. On 20 October 2009 he memorably saved a Steven Davis penalty to help his side win 4–1 at Rangers.

Honours

FC Dinamo București
Cupa României: 2002–03

FC Fehérvár
Magyar Kupa: 2005–06

FC Unirea Urziceni
 Liga I: 2008–09

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Teleorman County
Romanian men's footballers
CSM Flacăra Moreni players
FC UTA Arad players
FCV Farul Constanța players
AFC Rocar București players
FC U Craiova 1948 players
FC Unirea Urziceni players
FC Dinamo București players
Fehérvár FC players
ASC Daco-Getica București players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary


Sebastian Dumitru Huţan (born 26 October 1983 in Arad) is a Romanian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Honours
Sheriff Tiraspol
 Divizia Naţională: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07
 Moldovan Cup: 2006
 Moldovan Super Cup: 2003
 CIS Cup: 2003

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Arad, Romania
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Romania men's youth international footballers
Romania men's under-21 international footballers
Liga I players
Liga II players
Moldovan Super Liga players
Russian Premier League players
FC UTA Arad players
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
CS Sporting Vaslui players
FC Dynamo Moscow reserves players
CF Liberty Oradea players
FC Universitatea Cluj players
FC Politehnica Iași (2010) players
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia


Anders Wilhelm Andersson (2 November 1875 – 6 March 1945) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the silver medal as member of the Swedish team in the team free pistol competition. In the individual free pistol event he finished sixth.

References

External links
profile

1875 births
1945 deaths
Swedish male sport shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Olympic shooters for Sweden
Shooters at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Eskilstuna
19th-century Swedish people
20th-century Swedish people


USS Bingham (APA-225) was a  that saw service with the US Navy in World War II.  She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type and named after Bingham County, Idaho.

Construction
Pickaway was laid down 22 September 1944, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCV hull 573, by Permanente Metals Corporation, Yard No. 2, Richmond, California; launched on 20 November 1944; sponsored by Mrs. John V. Harrell; commissioned builder's yard on 23 December 1944.

Service history
Following shakedown training off the coast of southern California, during which her crew "received intensive drilling in amphibious boat operations" off Oceanside and Coronado, the attack transport underwent availability at the Standard Shipbuilding Corporation's dock, San Pedro, from 5 to 13 February 1945.

Transport duties
She loaded supplies at Los Angeles and then proceeded to San Francisco, before heading thence to Port Chicago, to load ammunition for Hawaii. She arrived there late on 22 February; commenced loading the next morning; and, after taking on  of assorted ammunition as cargo, got underway for Hawaii on the afternoon of 28 February.

Steaming independently in worsening weather, Bingham encountered "very rough seas" which caused the ship to roll as much as 40 degrees to a side, "recovering very slowly." By late afternoon, the storm had wrenched eight life rafts loose from their moorings. Throughout the night of 1 March, Bingham constantly deviated from her "routed track in an effort to lessen the effects of the sea." The squally, rainy weather continued the next day, but Bingham had passed the worst of it. She made landfall off Oahu on the morning of 6 March, and  escorted her into Pearl Harbor where she moored at the Naval Ammunition Depot.

Her perilous voyage over and cargo delivered safely, Bingham enjoyed a brief respite at Pearl Harbor, taking on stores and fuel while sending ashore as many officers and men as possible to attend various training courses and schools.

On the morning of 27 March, her tropical idyll came to an end, and she shifted to Honolulu Harbor. After embarking US Army troops on 28 March, the ship sailed for the Marshalls on 29 March, in convoy PD 355T and reached Eniwetok on the afternoon of 6 April.

The following day, in company with  and , Bingham pushed on toward the Marianas. She and her consorts reached Saipan on the morning of 10 April. Two days later, having disembarked her troops there, Bingham got underway for Hawaii and reached Pearl Harbor on 21 April.

During the first half of May, Bingham took part in amphibious warfare training off Maui. Returning from these evolutions to Pearl Harbor on 14 April, she took on board the Navy's 74th Construction Battalion ("Seabees") between 15 and 20 May, and sailed for the Marshall Islands on 20 May.

After steaming in convoy with , , and SS Robin Wentley with  and  as escort, Bingham dropped out of the convoy on the morning of 22 May, because of a bad gasket leak in a high pressure steam line. While Enright stood by, Bingham made emergency repairs. By 11:15, Bingham could get underway to overtake the convoy, and she and Enright had resumed their stations in the convoy by 19:27. Arriving at Eniwetok on the afternoon of 28 May, Bingham refueled from  and got underway for Ulithi on 5 June. From there, she set sail for the Ryukyus with Task Unit (TU) 94.18.2 on 20 June.

At 05:42 on 24 June, Bingham was detached from the task unit and directed to proceed to the eastern coast of Okinawa with SS White Swallow and . The three ships entered Nakagusuku Wan shortly after 08:00 and anchored about  off the town of Yonabaru, a place nearly destroyed by the recent fighting. Early that afternoon, Bingham began landing her "Seabees" and Army passengers. She went to general quarters at 21:52, securing at 22:33 when no enemy planes came near her. The next few days brought more of the same. Bingham continued disembarking passengers and discharging her varied cargo into tank landing craft (LCT) and her own LCM's. To quote her war diary, "Unloading continued day and night except for interruptions for enemy air alerts on the nights of the 25, 27, and 29 June."

Unloading completed by late on 28 June, Bingham put to sea on 30 June, in company with SS San Bruno and . After stopping briefly at Hagushi anchorage, she moved to Kerama Retto on 1 July, and joined Ulithi-bound convoy OKU 10 which reached Ulithi on 5 July. Then, with 119 passengers, 21 of whom were hospital patients, Bingham sailed for the west coast on 6 July. Steaming independently, the attack transport entered San Francisco Bay on 21 July, moored at 16:00, and started disembarking her passengers. Next came an overhaul conducted by the Matson Navigation Company which lasted until early in August. Bingham then loaded supplies and cargo and stood out to sea on 9 August, bound for Hawaii.

On 14 August, while the ship steamed westward, she received "conflicting radio reports that Japan had surrendered," or had not. "Finally, about 17:00," her war diary records, "we received the announcement, confirmed by President Truman, that Japan had agreed to lay down her arms...." Bingham reached Pearl Harbor the following day but soon got underway for Eniwetok. Arriving there on 25 August, she fueled again from Meredosia and then pushed on for the Western Carolines on 27 August. She steamed in company with nine other attack transports, a destroyer escort, and two subchasers, and the convoy reached Ulithi on the last day of August.

On 8 September, Bingham sailed for her second visit to Okinawa, as the command ship of a 23 ship convoy (UOK 57). Bingham reached Buckner Bay on 11 September, and moved in closer to the beach on 12 September, nearer to Awase, where her cargo was to be landed. During the morning of 13 September, she began disembarking her passengers and unloading her cargo. About 06:00 on 16 September, however, the wind and seas began to rise "appreciably." Long swells rolled into Buckner Bay from the southeast, as a typhoon, thought to be slowly recurving northward, headed for Okinawa. Bingham put to sea "in accordance with the current typhoon plan." By the time she cleared Buckner Bay, her bow sliced into 20-foot waves, and the sea continued to rise as she doubled Okinawa's southern tip and labored on to westward.

By the next morning she deemed it safe to return to port, so she came about and headed for Buckner Bay, anchoring at 19:00. After completing her cargo unloading on 18 September, Bingham shifted to the western side of the island and anchored off Machinato on 19 September. The next day, she took on board approximately 2,000 former Allied prisoners of war "recently liberated from camps in Japan" for passage to Manila. Bingham got underway at 07:00 on 21 September; but, when SS Cape Diamond missed a planned rendezvous off Naha, the attack transport returned to Naha for the night. Bingham finally sailed for Manila at 17:00 on 22 September, in company with , the lead ship of her class, and . She moored in Manila harbor on 25 September; and, by 19:00, the former prisoners of war all had disembarked, well on their way in returning home.

Operation Magic Carpet
Bingham, however, had work yet to do. Shortly before midnight on 25 September, she began embarking some of the first 2,000 men she carried homeward in Operation "Magic Carpet". Having embarked her passengers, Bingham sailed for Hawaii the following morning, arrived at Pearl Harbor on 10 October, but got underway again the following day for the west coast. Bingham reached San Francisco on 17 October, and disembarked her passengers. The next day she shifted to the Bethlehem Steel's San Francisco yard for dry docking and alterations. Among the latter was the conversion of her number five hold to a 312 man troop compartment. A labor dispute, however, slowed the work and prompted her move from Pier 7 to Pier 922, where  tied up alongside on 30 October, and completed the alterations.

Converted for "Magic Carpet" duty, Bingham embarked westbound passengers and sailed for the Philippines on 6 November. Reaching Samar on 19 November, she disembarked her passengers there, taking on board others bound for Manila. She then fueled from  and put to sea again on 21 November. She reached Manila on the morning of 23 November.

Bingham then departed Manila on 29 November, with a "capacity load" of 2,010 passengers, eclectically composed of female Red Cross personnel, merchant marine officers, Army officers and enlisted men. Proceeding alone, she reached San Francisco on 16 December. Her passengers disembarked by 10:00, she moved to Hunters Point, where she remained for the rest of December 1945, undergoing further alterations and repairs. During this period, all of her ammunition supply and all but two 20-millimenter guns were removed.

Bingham made one final round trip voyage to the Philippines and back as part of the "Magic Carpet" before sailing for the east coast of the United States on 28 March 1946.

Decommissioning
The attack transport reached Norfolk, Virginia, on 3 May, and was decommissioned there on 17 June 1946. Bingham was returned to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) the next day and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River Group, Lee Hall, Virginia. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 July 1946.

She was briefly removed from the fleet 11 May 1955, by A.L. Burbank Company, Ltd., until 20 June 1955, under a Repair Program.

On 1 January 1969, she was redesignated LPA-225. In May 1975, her title was transferred from the Navy to the Maritime Administration (MARAD).

Fate
On 17 September 1983, she was sold to Aguilar Y. Peris, S.A., Spain, to be scrapped. She was withdrawn for the fleet 14 October 1983.

Awards
Bingham received one battle star for her  World War II service.

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Online resources

External links

Haskell-class attack transports
Bingham County, Idaho
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
1944 ships
James River Reserve Fleet


Alexander Smith (born 11 December 1940) is a former professional Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Dunfermline Athletic. He played as an inside-forward.

Smith was signed to Dunfermline in May 1958 by then manager Andy Dickson from junior side Dunbar United. He made his debut in September that year against Raith Rovers; however, the game was abandoned.

During his eight-year spell at East End Park he made 298 appearances and scored 98 goals. He won the 1961 Scottish Cup and played in the Scottish Cup final 1965 and European matches against the likes of Valencia and Athletic Bilbao.

In August 1966, Smith signed for Rangers for a then Scottish record transfer fee of £55,000. He made his debut on 13 August in a Scottish League Cup match versus Hibernian. He would stay at the club until in 1969 and make 68 appearances and score 26 goals, including playing in the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Indeed, in that season he was top scorer for the club with 23 goals.

He left Ibrox for a brief spell at Aberdeen before becoming a landlord of a pub in Coaledge.

In 2010, a short documentary was made about Alex Smith and his football career.

His great grandchildren, Hannah and Matt Smith have played representative rugby for Scotland.

References

Profile at Dunfermline's official website

Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Aberdeen F.C. players
1940 births
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football inside forwards
Scottish Football League players


A Better Class of Person (1981) is an autobiography written by dramatist John Osborne and published in 1981. Based on Osborne's childhood and early life, it ends with the first performance of Look Back in Anger at the Royal Court Theatre in 1956. The book emphasises his warm relationship with his father Thomas, and his antagonistic relationship with his mother Nellie Beatrice, which deepened to hatred after his father died when John was young. A sequel, Almost a Gentleman, was published in 1991.

Composition
After Watch It Come Down (1976), the latest of several plays of his to have a hostile reception, Osborne had no new work performed in the theatre for sixteen years. In the late 1970s, he had also been through an acrimonious divorce from his fourth wife, actress Jill Bennett. During this period his fifth wife, Helen Dawson, encouraged him to write an autobiography. A restraining order required Osborne to submit any autobiography to Bennett for her approval; the only explicit mention of her is Osborne's brief description of seeing her photograph displayed outside a London theatre as an adolescent.

Synopsis
Osborne spends his early childhood in the then working-class Fulham area of London, among his barmaid mother’s family. Like his tubercular father, a copywriter, Osborne has to spend a lot of time in hospitals and sanatoria. He represents his mother as heartless, judgmental and passive-aggressive.

In 1936, his parents move to Stoneleigh, a suburb in Surrey. Osborne falls in love with a Stoneleigh girl from a privileged background who "could be spitefully snobbish, correcting my pronunciation of words". He is lonely at the private school his father's benevolent society has paid for him to attend, but ultimately makes friends with an eccentric boy called Mickey Wall, a civil servant's son whose contempt for authority and subversive sense of humour Osborne enjoys.

Osborne and Wall take to calling themselves "the Viper Gang". As they get older, the pair enjoy arguing about politics, literature and religion. Meanwhile, Thomas’s health deteriorates. At the outbreak of WW2, the Osbornes move to the Isle of Wight, for safety and in the hope that he can convalesce. Thomas dies, and Osborne begins to hate his mother because of what he sees as her uncaring response. The death leaves Osborne and his mother destitute, but Thomas's society decides Osborne should go to a boarding school in Dorset. He gets in trouble at this school for falling in love with the headmaster's niece and is ultimately expelled.

Now a young adult and living with his mother, Osborne finds employment in trade journalism and gets to know an ebullient Canadian editor called Arnold Running who has literary aspirations and encourages Osborne's. Through getting involved in amateur dramatics, he meets a girl called Renee whose parents are eager for them to be engaged, though Osborne begins to get cold feet about marriage. Keen to get away from both the women in his life, Osborne enlists Arnold to persuade Nellie Beatrice that he should move into acting professionally; he secures a job with a touring repertory company and breaks off his engagement with Renee by post.

An older actress called Stella Linden joins the cast and Osborne is smitten by her. She offers him help with his writing, and eventually they become lovers. After the tour ends, he spends a period in Brighton as a kept man, working on a play with Stella, but Osborne finds her insistence on conventional subject-matter and playwriting technique constricting, and the pair drift apart. She gets a job in Kendal and Osborne has to leave the flat they have lived in rent-free.

Unwilling to live with Nellie Beatrice, he joins an acting troupe in Ilfracombe and gets to know an actor called Anthony Creighton whose unrequited crush on him Osborne tolerates. The company does several provincial tours before disbanding. While acting in Somerset, Osborne falls in love with a local actress, and they marry despite her prosperous parents' disapproval of him. At first the young couple are happy, but work drives them apart as her career thrives while his does not.

He moves in with Creighton and they collaborate on several unsuccessful plays. Creighton's mother dies, leaving a small inheritance, and Osborne persuades him to buy a river barge where they can live cheaply. He writes Look Back in Anger, based on his troubled marriage, and submits it to various agents. He is living on the Thames with Creighton when George Devine, artistic director of the English Stage Company, accepts the play and rows out to the houseboat to meet him.

At both the book's opening and its close, Osborne mentions that the premiere of Look Back in Anger in 1956 took place on his beloved father’s birthday, the 8th of May. Throughout the autobiography, he presents passages from his works in parallel with real-life events that inspired them: as playwright Alan Bennett says in an early review, through this technique Osborne is open about having used his life as literary material.

Reception
Alan Bennett, assessing the work for the London Review of Books in 1981, suggested that the depiction of Osborne's mother was not entirely fair, but was positive in his appraisal overall and noted how many other critics had been as well: "It is immensely enjoyable, is written with great gusto and Osborne has had better notices for it than for any of his plays since Inadmissible Evidence." Bennett's words echo those of John Lahr in The New York Times: "the best piece of writing Osborne has done since Inadmissible Evidence... A Better Class of Person takes its energy from looking backward to the source of his pain before fame softened him. In this first installment of his autobiography, Osborne rediscovers the daring and cheek which distinguished his early, good work." Reviewing its sequel, Hilary Mantel wrote, "A Better Class of Person is written with the tautness and power of a well-organised novel. It is... remarkable for its account of the lower-middle-class childhood on the fringes of London, and for its vengeful portrait of a mother who had 'eyes that missed nothing and understood nothing'."

Several commentators have stated that Osborne's reputation is likely to rest on his two autobiographies no less than his plays. Both Bennett and Osborne's biographer Michael Ratcliffe make a comparison with Charles Dickens: "Osborne... seems to have had a childhood of Dickensian richness and oddity"; "Attempting matricide [in his portrayal of Nellie Beatrice], Osborne instead made a creature of whom Dickens would have been proud." The theatre historian Phyllis Hartnoll was cool in her appraisal of Osborne's plays and their influence, but in the 1993 edition of her reference work The Oxford Companion to the Theatre she added A Better Class of Person to a list of recommended reading; its later chapters provide a vivid picture of 1940s and 1950s provincial repertory theatre. As Osborne announces in the book, Nellie Beatrice was still alive when it was published ("My grandmother lived to be 103 and my own mother seems appropriately hell bent on a similar score"), but it is unknown whether she read it: by the time it was published, the two had long since stopped speaking.

Accuracy
As well as raising the issue of how fair the book is to Nellie Beatrice (and later commentators such as Blake Morrison would conclude that it is unfair), Bennett notes how vague the author often is with dates (including his own birthdate) and comments, "Osborne... had a bleak childhood (or would like us to think so)." One of Osborne's statements, that he was expelled from school for hitting the headmaster, was later contradicted by a fellow pupil. In places the book contradicts itself: for example, Osborne claims that the reason for his Great Uncle Frank's shameful and sudden emigration to Canada was never spoken of within the family, then in the next chapter says that this was known to be embezzlement. Osborne refers somewhat dismissively to the gay Creighton's attraction to him: "he was one of those luckless homosexuals, like J.R. Ackerley, who only fall in love with heterosexuals. I was quite fond of him, but his frequent references to 'the rough kiss of male Hamlets' made me eager for him to find some young actor who would command his whole attention". After Osborne's death, Creighton produced letters from him that suggested their relationship had been more intimate, though Osborne's family contested this.

Dramatic version
The autobiography was preceded by a screenplay entitled Too Young to Fight, Too Old to Forget, which was broadcast by Thames TV on 13 July 1985 under the title A Better Class of Person. It was directed by Frank Cvitanovich, with Eileen Atkins and Alan Howard as Osborne's parents and Gary Capelin and Neil McPherson as Osborne.

Notes

References

1985 films
1985 drama films
British drama films
Literary autobiographies
1980s English-language films
1980s British films


Marintia Escobedo Santibáñez is a Mexican television personality and actress.

Telenovelas
Vivan Los Niños (2002) Amelia
Mi Camino Es Amarte (2022) Lic. Roberta

Unitarios

La Rosa De Guadalupe (2023)...Leonor
Como dice el dicho (2020)...Sandra
Como dice el dicho (2019)...Alberta
Como dice el dicho (2018)...Anisha
Como dice el dicho (2017)...Marisa

Realities Show

Big Brother Vip (2003) Primera Expulsada

Cine
Elisa antes del fin del mundo

Conducción
Programa Hoy (2018)
El terreno de Eva (2003)
Projection 2000
24 horas
Noticias Eco
En Vivo

External links

1960 births
Mexican film actresses
Mexican stage actresses
Mexican television actresses
Living people

ar:Marintia Escobedo
es:Marintia Escobedo


Paul Ballinger (born 25 March 1953) is a retired long-distance runner from New Zealand, who won the 1982 edition of the Fukuoka Marathon, clocking 2:10:15 on 5 December 1982 setting the current national record. A year later he finished in 27th place (2:16:06) at the inaugural 1983 World Championships. He is a four-time national champion for New Zealand in the marathon.

At the 1978 Commonwealth Games he finished 6th in the marathon with a time of 2:17:46.

Achievements
All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise

Personal bests

See also
National records in the marathon

References

1953 births
Living people
New Zealand male long-distance runners
Place of birth missing (living people)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
New Zealand male marathon runners
Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand


The 1970 Major League Baseball season: The Seattle Pilots relocated to Milwaukee and became the Brewers, thus returning Major League Baseball to Wisconsin for the first time since the relocation of the Milwaukee Braves to Atlanta following the 1965 season.  Major League Baseball returned to Seattle in 1977, when the Mariners began play.

Standings

American League

National League

Postseason

Bracket

Awards and honors
Baseball Hall of Fame
Lou Boudreau
Earle Combs
Ford Frick
Jesse Haines
Most Valuable Player
Boog Powell, Baltimore Orioles (AL)
Johnny Bench, Cincinnati Reds (NL)
Cy Young Award
Jim Perry, Minnesota Twins (AL)
Bob Gibson, St. Louis Cardinals (NL)
Rookie of the Year
Thurman Munson, New York Yankees (AL)
Carl Morton, Montreal Expos (NL)
Gold Glove Award
Jim Spencer (1B) (AL)
Davey Johnson (2B) (AL)
Brooks Robinson (3B) (AL)
Luis Aparicio (SS) (AL)
Paul Blair (OF) (AL)
Mickey Stanley (OF) (AL)
Ken Berry (OF) (AL)
Ray Fosse (C) (AL)
Jim Kaat (P) (AL)

MLB statistical leaders

Home field attendance

Events
January 16 – Curt Flood, Gold Glove outfielder of the St. Louis Cardinals, files a civil lawsuit challenging Major League Baseball's reserve clause, a suit that will have historic implications. Flood refused to report to the Philadelphia Phillies after he was traded by the Cardinals three months ago, contending the baseball rule violates federal antitrust laws.
January 17 – The Sporting News names Willie Mays as Player of the Decade for the 1960s.
January 20 – Lou Boudreau is elected to the Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America on 232 of 300 ballots. Ralph Kiner finishes second with 167, 58 votes short.
February 1 – The Hall of Fame Special Committee on Veterans selects former commissioner Ford Frick and former players Earle Combs and Jesse Haines for enshrinement.
February 19 – Commissioner Bowie Kuhn announces the suspension of Detroit Tigers pitcher Denny McLain, effective April 1, for McLain's alleged involvement in a bookmaking operation. The suspension will last three months; it was indefinite for a while before its length was set.
April - National League umpires began wearing blue coats and short sleeved light blue shirts with the league's logo on the left pocket and a number (assigned alphabetically) on the right sleeve.
April 1 – The Milwaukee Brewers organization, headed by Bud Selig, purchases the Seattle Pilots franchise for $10,800,000. Although negotiations were conducted over a period of months, it was not until March 31 when a federal bankruptcy referee declared the Pilots bankrupt. Brewers tickets go on sale the next day. Team equipment is shipped to Milwaukee County Stadium, where the Pilots insignia is ripped off of the uniforms; the move came so abruptly and there was no time for new uniforms as a result.
April 7 – Major League Baseball returns to Wisconsin after a four-year absence as the Brewers play their first game in Milwaukee, losing to the California Angels 12–0 before a crowd of 37,237.
April 7 – Pitcher Dave McNally strikes out 13 in nine innings as the Baltimore Orioles rip the Indians, 8–2, on Opening Day at Cleveland Stadium. Paul Blair leads the offensive attack, driving in a pair of runs and scoring three times. McNally holds the Indians to two runs on four hits and three walks to get the win. Rookie Roy Foster belts a two-run home run to account for Cleveland's only runs.
April 11 – At Comiskey Park, Danny Walton hits the first two home runs in Milwaukee Brewers history, both two-run shots coming against White Sox starter Billy Wynne. The Brewers win for the first time, 8–4.
April 22 – The New York Mets' Tom Seaver strikes out 19 San Diego Padres, including the last 10 in succession, in a 2–1 Mets win. Mike Corkins takes the loss. In this century, no one had ever struck out 10 in a row, a major league record. Counting the 10 whiffs, the Pads have struck out 29 times in two games, a National League record that will be topped in 1998 when the Houston Astros miss 31 times in two days. Jerry Grote adds one foul fly catch to his 19 putouts via strikeouts.
May 10 – Hoyt Wilhelm makes his 1,000th pitching appearance, the first pitcher in history to do so.
May 12 – At Chicago's Wrigley Field, Ernie Banks becomes the eighth member of the 500 home run club, connecting off Atlanta Braves pitcher Pat Jarvis during a 4–3, 11-inning Chicago Cubs win over the Braves. It is also his 1,600th career RBI. Ex-Cub Frank Secory umpires this game; he was one of the umpires in the 1953 game in which Banks hit his first home run. Billy Williams' homer in the ninth ties the game and Ron Santo's RBI single in the 11th wins it. Atlanta's Rico Carty, meanwhile, has three singles and has hit in 30 consecutive games.
May 17 – In the second game of a doubleheader against the Cincinnati Reds, Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves gets his 3,000th career hit, and is the founding member of the 3000-500 Club.
June 12 – In the first game of a doubleheader at San Diego Stadium, Dock Ellis of the Pittsburgh Pirates no-hits the San Diego Padres 2–0. Years later, Ellis would claim that he was under the influence of LSD the entire game.
June 21 – The Detroit Tigers' César Gutiérrez gets seven hits in seven at bats in 12 innings against the Cleveland Indians, setting an American League mark and tying a major league record for most hits in one game.
June 24 – The Cincinnati Reds defeat the San Francisco Giants, 5–4, in the Reds' final game at Crosley Field.
June 26 – Frank Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles hits grand slams in consecutive innings, the fourth and fifth, in a 12–2 victory over the Washington Senators at Robert F. Kennedy Stadium. The same runners are on base both times: Dave McNally on third, Don Buford on second, and Paul Blair on first.
June 28 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Chicago Cubs in both games of a doubleheader, 3–2 and 4–1, in the last two games played at Forbes Field.
June 30 – Riverfront Stadium opens with the Cincinnati Reds losing to the Atlanta Braves, 8–2.
July 3 – Clyde Wright of the California Angels has a doubly memorial day. In the afternoon, the former star pitcher at Carson-Newman College is inducted into the NAIA Hall of Fame. Hours later, he no-hits the Oakland Athletics 4–0, the first no-hitter ever pitched at Anaheim Stadium.
July 14 – At Riverfront Stadium, the National League wins its eighth straight All-Star Game, a thrilling 12-inning, 5–4 victory. Pete Rose crashes into Cleveland Indians catcher Ray Fosse to score the controversial winning run on Jim Hickman's single. Fosse, who never had the ball, hurts his right shoulder and is taken to the hospital. The game is scoreless until the sixth inning, with the NL limited to three hits in the first eight innings. In the ninth, the NL tees off on Catfish Hunter, driving in three runs to tie. Dick Dietz hits a leadoff home run in the inning. Claude Osteen pitches the 10th for the win, and Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox captures the MVP trophy for the American League.
July 16 – Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium opens to the public, but the Cincinnati Reds spoil the party as they beat the Pittsburgh Pirates 4–3 before a crowd of 48,846. Pittsburgh's Richie Hebner records the first hit in the new stadium, and Cincinnati's Tony Pérez smacks the first home run.
July 18 – Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants records his 3,000th career hit.
July 20 – Bill Singer of the Los Angeles Dodgers no-hits the Philadelphia Phillies 5–0 at Dodger Stadium. Singer's catcher, Jeff Torborg, had caught Sandy Koufax's perfect game in 1965, and will later catch the first of Nolan Ryan's seven no-hitters, in 1973.
July 26 – Johnny Bench of the Cincinnati Reds hits three straight homers off Steve Carlton of the St. Louis Cardinals. On the same day, Orlando Cepeda of the Atlanta Braves connects for three consecutive homers in an 8–3 victory over the Chicago Cubs.
August 11 – Philadelphia's Jim Bunning beats the Houston Astros 6–5 to become the first pitcher to win 100 games in both leagues since Cy Young.
September 3 – Billy Williams of the Chicago Cubs asks to be kept out of the lineup, snapping his National League record of 1,117 consecutive games played. His record is broken in 1983 by Steve Garvey.
September 21 – Vida Blue of the Oakland Athletics no-hits the Minnesota Twins 6–0 at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, the only baserunner coming on Harmon Killebrew's second-inning walk. The no-hitter caps a season that witnesses four no-hitters, all pitched in California-based Major League stadiums; Candlestick Park is the only one of the five not to have a no-hitter pitched in it.
October 1 – Vic Davalillo of the St. Louis Cardinals breaks the National League single-season pinch hitting record against the Pittsburgh Pirates and ties the Major League record with his 24th pinch hit of the year.
October 15 – For the third time in the 1970 World Series, the Baltimore Orioles overcome a 3–0 deficit to bury the Cincinnati Reds 9–3, and win the World Championship four games to one. Frank Robinson and Merv Rettenmund each homer and drive in two runs. Third baseman Brooks Robinson, the "human vacuum cleaner", easily wins the Series MVP award.

Television coverage
NBC was the exclusive national TV broadcaster of MLB, airing the weekend Game of the Week, the All-Star Game, both League Championship Series, and the World Series.

See also
1970 in baseball

References

External links

1970 Major League Baseball season schedule at Baseball Reference

Major League Baseball seasons


, also known as , is a retired long-distance runner from Japan. He won the 1985 edition of the Fukuoka Marathon, clocking 2:09:51 on December 1, 1985. He represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing in 17th place (2:15:42).

Competition record

External links

 1985 Year Ranking

1957 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Japanese athletics coaches
Japanese male long-distance runners
Japanese male marathon runners
Japanese male steeplechase runners
Olympic male marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
Asian Athletics Championships winners
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
20th-century Japanese people


Central East African Railways is a consortium formed in 1999, led by the Railroad Development Corporation, which won the right to operate the Malawi Railways network.  The company was sold in September 2008 to INSITEC, an investment group based in Mozambique.

Operations
It mainly manages the Sena railway line, which currently links the railway stations of Blantyre/Limbe, Nkaya, Chipoka, Salima, Lilongwe and Mchinji. Its concession also includes the sections between Marka, Nsanje, Bangula, Luchenza and Blantyre/Limbe stations, which are currently inoperative.

In 2010, a multinational mining company Vale (with CEAR and Mozambique Ports and Railways) managed to sew the formation of the joint venture "Integrated Northern Logistical Corridor Society", for the administration of the Nacala railway, having permission to build the railway extension to the coal belt of Benga-Moatize, where the mining company has mineral exploration concessions. The extension departed from the Nkaya interconnection station and continued to Moatize, being completed in 2017. The project includes an export terminal and a coal storage yard at the port of Nacala-a-Velha.
This subsidiary therefore manages the Malawian sections of the Nacala railway line between Nayuchi, Liwonde, Nkaya (junction railway station) and Mwanza stations.

See also
 Rail transport in Malawi
 Transport in Malawi

References

Transport in Malawi


The Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) is one of five regional units that make up the US Forest Service Research and Development organization — the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. The station headquarters are located in Fort Collins, Colorado. Research is structured within 8 science program areas. The Station employs over 400 permanent full-time employees, including roughly 100 research scientists.

Research program areas
 Air, Water and Aquatic Environments
 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute
 Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Science
 Forests and Woodlands Ecosystems Research
 Grassland, Shrubland and Desert Ecosystem
 Human Dimensions
 Inventory, Monitoring and Analysis Science
 Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems

Laboratories
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Bozeman, MT
 Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT
 Aquatic Sciences Laboratory, Boise, ID
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Flagstaff, AZ
 Headquarters, Fort Collins, CO
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Logan, UT
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT
 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Moscow, ID
 Ogden Service Center, Ogden, UT
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Ogden, UT
 Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, UT
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rapid City, SD
 Forestry Sciences Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno NV

Experimental forests and ranges
 Black Hills Experimental Forest
 Boise Basin Experimental Forest
 Coram Experimental Forest
 Deception Creek Experimental Forest
 Desert Experimental Range
 Fort Valley Experimental Forest
 Fraser Experimental Forest
 Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES)
 Great Basin Experimental Range
 Long Valley Experimental Forest
 Manitou Experimental Forest
 Priest River Experimental Forest
 Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest
 Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest

References

External links
 Rocky Mountain Research Station

Ecology of the Rocky Mountains
Forests of the Rocky Mountains
United States Forest Service
Rocky Mountains
Nature conservation organizations based in the United States


Andreas Mikkelsen (born 22 June 1989) is a Norwegian rally driver. He is currently competing in the World Rally Championship-2 for Toksport World Rally Team. He previously drove for the factory teams of Volkswagen, Citroën and Hyundai in the World Rally Championship, finishing third in the drivers' standings in 2014, 2015 and 2016. His current co-driver is Torstein Eriksen.

He is a two-time Intercontinental Rally Challenge champion, having finished first in 2011 and 2012. In 2021, Mikkelsen became the drivers' champion in both the WRC-2 and the European Rally Championship.

Career
Mikkelsen has a broad background in sports. He has competed in slalom and giant slalom, and was a member of the national juniors' alpine skiing team. In 2003 and 2004, he competed in motocross, also representing the national juniors' team.

2006–2010: Ford
After turning 17 and getting a British driver's license, Mikkelsen started competing in rallies in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Driving a Ford Focus RS WRC, he won the Quinton Stages, the Coracle, the Plains, the Bulldog and the Cambrian Rally, as well as the Saaremaa Rally in Estonia. He finished 38th overall in 2007 in the famous Donegal International Rally in his Ford Focus, finishing almost an hour behind eventual winner Sébastien Loeb.

Mikkelsen debuted in the World Rally Championship at the 2006 Rally GB and retired from the 14th special stage after going off the road. In the 2007 season, he competed in eight WRC events, and also took part in the Irish Tarmac Championship and the Norwegian Rally Championship. His best WRC results were ninth at the 2007 Rally Ireland and tenth in Norway and Portugal.

For the 2008 season, Mikkelsen had some exclusive coaching from Ford's retired double world champion Marcus Grönholm. Even though having major problems with turbocharger on Friday's stages, he achieved the best result of his WRC career so far by claiming fifth in the 2008 Swedish Rally, beating Matthew Wilson's 2006 record of being the youngest driver ever to score points in a WRC event. He intended to compete in all of the championship rounds in Europe, whilst completing his final year in school.

During Rally Larvik in September 2009, Mikkelsen was involved in an accident, when he got a slide on his car and hit a 10-year-old spectator, killing her instantly.

In 2010, Mikkelsen competed in the Intercontinental Rally Challenge driving a Ford Fiesta S2000 with a best finish of second on the 2010 Rally Scotland. He placed seventh in the overall standings. Mikkelsen drove a Super 2000 car also on three WRC rounds, and won the SWRC class at the season-ending 2010 Wales Rally GB.

2011–2012: Škoda

Following a strong 2010 campaign, Mikkelsen signed with the Skoda UK Motorsport team for the 2011 IRC season.

During his 2011 season driving for Skoda UK Motorsport in the IRC, Mikkelsen were off to a rough start. The first rally of the season, Rally Monte-Carlo, Mikkelsen had to retire only after SS1. Sata Rallye Açores where a turning point of the season, where he placed second, his first ever podium in the IRC. Prior to the last rally of the season, Rally Cyprus, five drivers were fighting for the drivers championship. Mikkelsen, winning Rally Cyprus took home the title, being the youngest person ever to win the IRC.

Mikkelsen continued his dominance of the IRC in the 2012 season, claiming the drivers championship after winning at Azores and Romania plus collecting five second place finishes. Mikkelsen is the first ever to win the IRC (now ERC) two consecutive times.

2013–2016: Volkswagen

From 2013 to 2016, Mikkelsen competed for Volkswagen Motorsport II in their factory Polo WRC. He did not reach the podium during the 2013 season, but won several special stages, placing 10th in the overall standings. 2014 saw more favourable results, with three second placed finishes, and two third place results, he completed the year in an impressive third place in the championship overall standings. In 2015, he achieved his first rally victory in Spain, and seven third place results, giving him another third place in the world championship. Mikkelsen followed that by two more wins in Poland and Australia during the 2016 season, and two more second places, resulting in yet another third place in the championship overall. Mikkelsen had finished 3rd in the championship three times consecutively from 2014 to 2016. Volkswagen retired from WRC at the end of 2016, leaving Mikkelsen without a drive for 2017.

2017: Škoda, Citroën and Hyundai

In early 2017, Mikkelsen entered three rounds of the WRC-2 with a factory Škoda Fabia R5, winning the Monte Carlo Rally and Tour de Corse. He joined the Citroën World Rally Team in mid 2017, debuting at Italy with a Citroën C3 WRC. After finishing second in Germany, Mikkelsen signed a deal for 2018 with Hyundai Motorsport, joining close friend Thierry Neuville, Dani Sordo and Hayden Paddon. He finished fourth in Welsh Rally GB before the end of that year.

2018–2019: Hyundai Shell Mobis WRT

2018 started promisingly with third place in Sweden, but Andreas suffered a series of setbacks, and finished the year 6th place overall. 2019 was significantly better. Despite missing out or retiring from six of the fourteen WRC events that year, Mikkelsen scored one second place and two third places, to finish the season in 4th place overall. His contract with Hyundai was not renewed at the end of 2019, leaving Mikkelsen without a WRC drive.

2020: Pirelli tests and Eurosol Racing Team
Mikkelsen was left without a drive for 2020 season, so at Rally Sardegna he co-drived for 2003 World Drivers' Champion Petter Solberg. They contested the rally in Shakedown and Power Stage using Saintéloc-prepared Citroen C3 WRC equipped with Pirelli tyres to be used for the 2021 season. At Rally Monza, together with Eurosol Racing Team he finished 6th in WRC-2 and won in WRC-3 category.

2021–2022: Toksport WRT and Škoda Motorsport

For 2021, Mikkelsen joined Toksport for a combined WRC-2 and ERC campaign, driving a Škoda Fabia R5/Rally2 evo. He become the first driver to win both WRC-2 and ERC title in the same year. He stayed with the team in 2022 and is currently leading the WRC-2 standings. Between the races, he also helped Škoda Motorsport to develop the new Škoda Fabia RS Rally2 and he drove it at the 2022 Bohemia Rally Mladá Boleslav as course car.

WRC victories

Racing record

Complete WRC results

* Season still in progress.

PWRC results

SWRC results

WRC-2 results

* Season still in progress.

WRC-3 results

Complete IRC results

ERC results

* Season still in progress.

Skiing career

Mikkelsen was an Alpine skier before concentrating on rallying.

References

External links

eWRC-results.com profile

1989 births
Living people
World Rally Championship drivers
Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers
Norwegian rally drivers
FIA Institute Young Driver Excellence Academy drivers
Audi Sport TT Cup drivers
Sportspeople from Oslo
Citroën Racing drivers
Hyundai Motorsport drivers
Volkswagen Motorsport drivers
Toksport WRT drivers
M-Sport drivers
Škoda Motorsport drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia drivers


is a railway station in the city of Gotemba, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).

Lines
Minami-Gotemba Station is served by the JR Central Gotemba Line, and is located  38.2 kilometers from the official starting point of the line at .

Station layout
Minami-Gotemba Station has one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

History
Minami-Gotemba Station opened on July 20, 1962. Operational control of the station was transferred to JR Central following privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987.

Station numbering was introduced to the Gotemba Line in March 2018; Minami-Gotemba Station was assigned station number CB11.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 311 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
L'Oréal Japan factory

See also
 List of Railway Stations in Japan

References

External links

 website

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1962
Railway stations in Shizuoka Prefecture
Gotemba Line
Stations of Central Japan Railway Company
Gotemba, Shizuoka


WSKP (1180 AM) is a radio station licensed to Hope Valley, Rhode Island.  The station is owned by John Fuller's Red Wolf Broadcasting Corporation and airs an oldies radio format.  WSKP operates as part of the "Kool Radio" trimulcast, along with 990 WNTY in Southington, Connecticut (near Hartford), and 1270 WACM in Springfield, Massachusetts.

WSKP is a daytimer AM station.  By day, it broadcasts at 1,800 watts and at 1,000 watts during critical hours.  But 1180 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WHAM in Rochester, New York.  So at night, to avoid interference, WSKP must sign off the air.  Programming can still be heard around the clock on the HD3 digital subchannel of 106.5 WBMW in Pawcatuck, Connecticut, as well as FM translators W282CB at 104.3 FM in Hope Valley and W283BW at 104.5 FM in New London, Connecticut.

History
The station signed on October 5, 1985, as WJJF, a country music station. It was started by John J. Fuller, now owner of Red Wolf Broadcasting.  The "JJF" in the call reflected Fuller's initials.  WJJF's studio and transmitter were located on the Fuller Farm at 26 Woody Hill Road in Hope Valley.  The transmitter still exists there.

Fuller sold WJJF to Charles River Broadcasting, owner of several classical music stations in New England (including WCRI on Block Island, WCRB in Boston, and WFCC-FM on Cape Cod), in 2002. Charles River Broadcasting continued the country music format (making it the company's second non-classical station, after classic rock-formatted WKPE-FM on Cape Cod) until July 2004, when the call letters were changed to WCNX and the station temporarily left the air for tower replacement.  Prior to being assigned in Rhode Island, the call letters were used by what is now WMRD in Middletown, Connecticut.  WCNX returned that August with an all-news format provided by CNN Headline News; the Headline News simulcast was eventually phased out (as with most of the network's radio affiliates) in favor of talk shows.

Charles River Broadcasting announced on October 27, 2005, that it was exploring the sale of its properties, with Judson Group purchasing WCNX and WCRI in 2006.  Judson continued the news/talk format until October 1, 2011, when it became WCRI, a simulcast of WCRI-FM's classical music programming. In November 2013, Judson filed to sell WCRI to Red Wolf Broadcasting Corporation; this returned the station to the ownership of John Fuller. The call letters were changed to WSKP on November 29; on December 2, WSKP dropped the WCRI-FM simulcast and launched an oldies format, branded as "Kool 1180".  The format is also heard on WBMW-HD3 out of Pawcatuck, Connecticut. The station swapped call letters with 107.7 FM and became WWRX on December 24, 2013; the swap was reversed on April 23, 2014. The sale to Red Wolf was completed on May 13, 2014.

In November 2015, WSKP's oldies format was expanded to WXCT in Southington, Connecticut, and WACM in Springfield, Massachusetts, which Red Wolf had acquired from Davidson Media Group and had previously carried their own oldies format. Translator station W282CB signed on in March 2016.

Previous logos

References

External links

 Red Wolf Creates New England Oldies Trimulcast
 The Archives @ BostonRadio.org - scroll down to WJJF to hear a 1995 legal ID.
 A picture of the old studios in Westerly taken on May 29, 2004
 The WJJF/WCNX transmitter site & former studios as photographed on May 15, 2004

SKP
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Hopkinton, Rhode Island
Radio stations established in 1985
SKP
1985 establishments in Rhode Island


WALE (990 AM) was a radio station licensed to the community of Greenville, Rhode Island, and serving the Providence, Rhode Island, area.  The station was last owned by Cumbre Communications Corp. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that the station's license was deleted on April 1, 2014.

History

WLKW
WLKW began official broadcasting on April 12, 1961, as Rhode Island's only 50 kW radio station during daylight hours only.  This fact was noted in the calls as "LKW" really reads as "50 (L in Roman Numerals) KiloWatts" (sic).  For most of its life the station's format was easy listening. After being dropped from this station, the WLKW call sign was used by 790 AM from 1989 to 1997, on 550 AM in Pawtucket from 1997 to 2000, and on 1450 AM in West Warwick from 2002 to 2017.

As WALE
The station was assigned the WALE call sign from the FCC on July 24, 1989.  The WALE callsign was held for some 25 or so years by a different company operating WHTB out of the basement of an abandoned theater in Fall River, Massachusetts. Colonel Milton Mittler (formerly of WADK) was the owner.

When Francis Battaglia's North American Broadcasting Company bought WEAN, they attempted to program a talk format. The top-rated show at this time was hosted by Rhode Island talk show legend Steve White (d. 2004).  WALE nearly lost its FCC license when, on July 9, 1991, it broadcast that Steve White had been shot and killed during his afternoon talk show.  The news report led to an immediate response by local law enforcement and media and the station soon after announced that the report was "a dramatization".  White, who had been the most popular radio talk show host in Rhode Island in the early 1980s, was fired immediately after the incident, which, effectively, ended his long career as a local radio personality.

In the summer of 1991, WALE host Bob Giammarco was recognized by Arbitron as having the top-rated evening program (After Hours with Bob Giammarco) in the market.  This was no small feat considering the evening signal was quite low and the listening area was limited.

As the 1990s wore on, the station added more and more brokered programming until the station aired nothing but brokered programming.  While much of its programming was from doctors, lawyers and practitioners of alternative medicine, WALE earned a reputation in the Providence area as having fringe programming, such as American Dissident Voices program of the neo-Nazi National Alliance, which aired from 4-4:30 p.m. on Saturdays. WALE was also the home of Rick Adams, a follower of Willis Carto's Liberty Lobby, who aired discussions promoting Holocaust denial.

WALE was first attempted to be sold in 2002 to Jerry Evans' Moon Song Communications, but was ultimately sold at a bankruptcy auction in 2003 to Cumbre Communications, where it reemerged as "Supermax 990", a Spanish-language format. Cumbre also attempted to change WALE's call letters to WMAX, which was impossible due to an existing AM station in Bay City, Michigan already holding the callsign. Cumbre Communications declared bankruptcy themselves in 2004 to try to avoid completing their purchase of the station after they learned the transmitter site had serious environmental issues.

WALE went silent on December 29, 2006, and returned to the airwaves in late 2007 at half power.  In January 2008, the station requested permission to go silent again based on a technical problem causing the transmitter to consume a quantity of electricity that made the station "economically unfeasible" to operate.  The FCC rejected that request.  According to the filing, Cumbre Communications is still in bankruptcy, as a "debtor in possession".

At one point the station wasi airing a Spanish-language adult contemporary format as "Amor 990" (Love 990).

The station was an affiliate of the Red Sox Beisbol Network in 2005 & 2008.

In 2009, it went back on the air as "WALE ABC Radio News Now 990" and became an affiliate of ABC News Radio. For a brief period, they broadcast an audio feed of WLNE-TV's former 24-hour cable news television channel, NewsChannel 5 (formerly the Rhode Island News Channel), in various timeslots. On Labor Day 2009, WALE carried WLNE's entire broadcast of The Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon, which was being simulcast on NewsChannel 5 (now operated by WJAR as Ocean State Networks (OSN)). An assortment of odd brokered fare also emerged once again on the station.

As of August 18, 2010, WALE was noted as silent.  As of April 1, 2014, it had not filed for a renewal of its license and it was deleted by the FCC

References

External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWALE (Facility ID: 49128)
FCC History Cards for WALE (covering 1958-1981 as WLKW)
History of 1st transmitter, the RCA Ampliphase 50G
Old WALE website on www.archive.org

ALE
Radio stations established in 1961
Radio stations disestablished in 2010
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Smithfield, Rhode Island
1961 establishments in Rhode Island
2010 disestablishments in Rhode Island
ALE


WADK (1540 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Newport, Rhode Island, United States. The station is owned by 3G Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a business news/talk format, with jazz airing each weekend.

The station, the first to be built on Aquidneck Island, signed on the air in 1948 and has used the callsign WADK since November 23, 1953. Its broadcast tower has been located off Garfield Street in Newport since 1967.

History
On December 2, 1947, John E. and Irene "Reeny" A. Malloy, doing business as Voice of Little Rhody, filed for a construction permit to build a new radio station on 1540 kHz at Newport, which was granted by the Federal Communications Commission on August 4, 1948. The station began broadcasting on November 6, 1948, as WRJM, for "Reeny and John Malloy". The Malloys would not own their new radio station for long, citing a lack of financial resources. In April 1949, they reached a deal to sell WRJM to the Aquidneck Broadcasting Corporation, a subsidiary of the locally based National Recording Corporation, which developed tape recording equipment. That deal never came to fruition, and a deal was instead struck to sell WRJM to the Aquidneck Broadcasting Corporation, headed by Columbus O'Donnell. The original studios at 204 Thames Street in Newport became the key element in a multi-year libel case against WRJM. In February 1950, the station put a display up in its window about a controversial seawall project, charging that the developers did not comply with their original proposal. The developers sued the station for libel and lost two years later. The O'Donnell group also relocated WADK from its original transmitter location near a charity farm to a new site on Reservoir Road that housed the studios and transmitter.

In late 1953, Milton E. Mitler acquired the Aquidneck Broadcasting Corporation; the callsign was immediately changed to WADK, representing Aquidneck Island. During Mitler's ownership, the station broadcast its first talk program, hosted by pub owner 'Sully' Sullivan, after Sullivan noted to the owner that "the great pastime of Rhode Island ... is talking politics". Mitler owned WADK until 1960, a year after he started another station near West Warwick. At that time, the Newport outlet was sold to two men from Washington, D.C., Arnold S. Lerner and Myer Feldman, doing business as Key Stations.

The Reservoir Road transmitter site was shut down in 1967 and a new facility built on Garfield Avenue, though the studios remained. This would come to an end after the Middletown water department refused to grant a long-term lease to WADK in 1971, a lease that the station thought necessary if it wanted to make a major investment in the 20-year-old facility. A new site on Thames Street, a block from the original studios, was completed in 1973.

A daytime-only station its entire history, WADK filed in 1976 to increase its power to 2,500 watts and go full-time. It was the opening salvo in what would turn out to be a recurring fight amidst major changes in the Aquidneck broadcasting landscape. By the time that Key Stations had filed the petition to become a full-time station, Bay Broadcasters was years into the fight to put WOTB (107.1 FM) on the air. With 24-hour FM competition on the horizon, Key Stations owner Arnold Lerner opted to sell the AM station. The new owner, Newport Communications, was headed by Paramount Pictures vice president Peter Kuyper.

The full-service station continued with its format, which also included a live radio variety show hosted by Saucy Sylvia. Spectrum Communications of Boulder, Colorado, purchased WADK in 1983, largely acting as an absentee owner; two years later, after one of Spectrum's shareholders decided to sell, it was acquired by Connecticut-based Perry Communications, which hoped to be more aggressive in the station's attempts to go full-time. A year later, Perry purchased WOTB—giving it control of both of the commercial stations on Aquidneck Island—and announced plans to expand its coverage area. During this time period, WADK dropped its afternoon music programming and, with it, much of its high school sports coverage.

Urso Broadcasting of Westerly purchased WADK and WOTB in 1996, and an immediate format change was made on the FM, which dropped jazz programming after more than a decade and flipped to alternative rock; at the same time, weekend jazz programming was added to WADK's schedule. The FM station was sold off a year later to Citadel Communications, but Urso retained WADK until Astro Tele-Communications purchased it and WERI-FM 99.3 for $1.8 million.

WADK and the FM station, known at the time as WJZS, were sold to 3G Broadcasting, owner of two Florida stations, in 2013.

References

External links
 WADK official website

1948 establishments in Rhode Island
ADK
Newport, Rhode Island
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Business talk radio stations
Radio stations established in 1948
ADK


Zigurat was a Spanish software house for 8-bit home computers very popular in the eighties during the Golden Era of Spanish Software. Its origin is in the company Made in Spain, founded in 1983, which would know massive success in Spain with Fred, commercialized in the United Kingdom as Roland on the Ropes (only the Amstrad CPC version). When the programmers and owners of Made in Spain could not go on alone on the task of distribution, they decided to create in 1986 another company, Zigurat, which would be entirely dedicated to distribution, and would distribute all the titles by Made in Spain, which became an internal producer seal under Zigurat. They would also distribute games by independent programmers or companies and would allow Made in Spain to concretate solely on programming. Later on, Made in Spain would completely merge into Zigurat, creating a single producer and distributor company. When the 8-bit market disappeared, the company turned to develop games for arcade machines.

Games published
Fred
Sir Fred
El Misterio del Nilo
Humphrey
París-Dakar
Poder Oscuro
Comando Quatro
Emilio Sánchez Vicario
Arkos
Poder Oscuro
Curro Jiménez
Power Magic
Senda Salvaje
Jungle Warrior
Piso Zero
Don Kin Kong
Sito Pons 500cc Grand Prix
Carlos Sainz: World Rally Championship

Developing groups
The company had several developing groups associated:

 Made in Spain
 Arcadia
 Gamesoft
 Truesoft
 Turbo 16

References

External links
Official website
Zigurat videogames at thelegacy.de

Zigurat at worldofspectrum.org
El Misterio del Nilo at ysrnry.co.uk

Defunct video game companies of Spain