Sigmund Schenkling (11 July 1865, in Laucha an der Unstrut – 16 December 1946, in Eisleben) was a German entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera.

Schenkling's collection is held by the German Entomological Institute. It is notable for Cleridae, Erotylidae, Languriidae, Helotidae and Endomychidae the families he specialised in

Works
Major works only.
1928-1929. With Walther Hermann Richard Horn Index Litteratuae Entomologicae Horn, Berlin-Dahlem.A bibliography of entomology,covering the early printed works on entomology through to 1900 and describing over 25,000 printed items.
As editor the multi-authored and multi-volumed Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk,Berlin.

References
Rohlfien, K. 1994 [Schenkling, S.] Studia dipterologica 1(1) 9-10.

External links

 Index Novus Litteraturae Entomologicae Completely revised new edition of the "Index Litteraturae Entomologicae'' Bibliography of the literature on entomology from the beginning until 1863

German entomologists
1865 births
1946 deaths


Tony Rogers (born 30 April 1957, in Huntly) is a retired middle distance runner from New Zealand, who represented his native country in the men's 1,500 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics, finishing in ninth place. He also competed at the 1982 Commonwealth Games, and later became High Performance Manager for Athletics New Zealand.

References

New Zealand Olympic Committee

1957 births
Living people
New Zealand male middle-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for New Zealand
Sportspeople from Huntly, New Zealand
New Zealand referees and umpires
Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand


OVERFLOW - the OVERset grid FLOW solver - is a software package for simulating fluid flow around solid bodies using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is a compressible 3-D flow solver that solves the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier–Stokes equations using multiple overset structured grids.

History

OVERFLOW was developed as part of a collaborative effort between NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas and NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in Moffett Field, California. The driving force behind this work was the need for evaluating the flow about the Space Shuttle launch vehicle. Originally developed in the early 1990s by NASA's Pieter Buning, Dennis Jespersen and others, the code is an outgrowth of earlier codes F3D and ARC3D, and a result of ARC's long history of flow-solver development.

Usage

Scientists use OVERFLOW to better understand the aerodynamic forces on a vehicle by evaluating the flowfield surrounding the vehicle. While wind tunnel testing provides limited data at many flow conditions, CFD simulations provide detailed information about selected conditions, and also provide a distribution of forces on the vehicle, aiding in structural design.

OVERFLOW has also been used to simulate the effect of debris on the space shuttle launch vehicle.

See also

 Computational fluid dynamics

References

External links
 Official NASA OVERFLOW CFD Code web site
 Article on OVERFLOW from NASA Insights

Computational fluid dynamics
Fluid dynamics


Alexandru Daniel Cristescu (born 24 May 1987) is a Romanian footballer who plays for Viitorul Liteni.

References

1987 births
Living people
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Liga I players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
Liga II players
FCM Dunărea Galați players
ACS Foresta Suceava players
Place of birth missing (living people)


The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1950 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 7, 1950. Republicans won one Democratic-held seat.

Overview

Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

District 8

District 9

District 10

District 11

District 12

District 13

District 14

District 15

District 16

District 17

District 18

District 19

District 20

District 21

District 22

District 23

See also
82nd United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
1950 United States House of Representatives elections

References
California Elections Page
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present)
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions

1950
California
United States House of Representatives


Florin Macovei (born 12 January 1987) is a Romanian former footballer who played in Liga I for Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga I players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
Footballers from Piatra Neamț


Tudor Ioan Popa (born 7 July 1989) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Ceahlăul Piatra-Neamţ. Popa made his professional debut for Ceahlăul in a Liga I match against FC Rapid București in May 2007.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Liga I players
CSM Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț players
Place of birth missing (living people)


Ouvrage Schiesseck is a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located near Bitche in the French département of Moselle.  Schiesseck is adjoined by gros ouvrage Simserhof and petit ouvrage Otterbiel, all part of the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach, and faces the German frontier.  Schiesseck saw comparatively little activity during the Battle of France, surrendering with other positions in its sector on 30 June 1940. During the Lorraine Campaign of 1944 Schiesseck was occupied by German forces and presented a point of resistance to American advances, requiring heavy bombardment and infantry assaults by engineer units to capture. The area was abandoned during the Battle of the Bulge, but was recaptured in March 1945. In the 1950s Schiesseck was repaired as part of a program to re-arm the Maginot Line against a potential advance by Warsaw Pact forces. It was abandoned in the early 1970s. Schiesseck is on military land and is not visitable by the public.

Design and construction
The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Schiesseck was approved for construction in June 1931, after several proposals had been rejected. The gros ouvrage is of the typical fort palmé ("palm-shaped") form for a large position. The fort palmé is a distributed fortification, with its entrances and underground support areas more than a kilometer to the rear, connected to the combat blocks by a long underground gallery. The "palm" is composed of the grouped combat blocks, linked by galleries to the main trunk.

Description
Schiesseck comprises two separate entrance blocks for ammunition and personnel, four infantry blocks, four artillery blocks and one observation block. The munitions and personnel entries are located far to the rear of the combat blocks.  The underground barracks are located at the junction of the two entry galleries. From there a long gallery runs at an average depth of  to the combat blocks. Schiesseck was served by a 60 cm-gauge narrow-gauge railway, which enters at the munitions entrance and runs all the way out through the galleries to the combat blocks.  On the surface, the railway connects to supply points to the rear and to other ouvrages. Schiesseck lacks a large "M1" magazine.
Block 1: Artillery block with one retractable twin machine gun turret, one automatic rifle cloche (GFM) and one retractable 81mm mortar turret.
Block 2: Infantry block with one observation cloche (VDP), one GFM cloche, two twin machine gun cloches, one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).
Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches and one VDP cloche.
Block 4: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one JM cloche and two 81mm mortar embrasures.
Block 5: Infantry block with two GFM cloches and one JM cloche.
Block 6: Infantry block with one GFM cloche and one retractable twin machine gun turret.
Block 7: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one LG cloche and one retractable twin 75mm gun turret.
Block 8: Artillery block with one VDP cloche, one GFM cloche and one retractable twin 135mm gun turret.
Block 9: Observation block with one VDP cloche and one VDP/observation cloche.
Personnel entry: Shaft-style entry block with one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure.
Munitions entry: Direct entry block with two GFM cloches and two JM/AC47 embrasures.

Casemates and shelters
A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Simserhof, including
 Abri du Freudenberg: Subsurface abri-caverne with two GFM cloches, linked by an underground gallery to the Observatoire du Freudenberg.
 Observatoire du Freudenberg: Observation post with one VP cloche and one GFM cloche.
 Casemate du Freudenberg: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure  and one GFM cloche. The casemate is immediately adjacent to Block 9 and covers the road and the block, but is not connected to the ouvrage.
 Abri de Reyerswiller: Subsurface abri-caverne with two GFM cloches.
 Casemate de Ramstein Ouest: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure  and a GFM cloche.
 Casemate de Ramstein Est: SIngle block with one JM/AC37 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure  and a GFM cloche.
 'Observatoire de la Citadelle: Observation post in the Citadel of Bitche, reporting to Schiesseck.

Manning
The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Chef de Bataillon Stoquer comprised 679 men and 223 officers of the 37th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 150th Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 5th Army. The nearby Casernement du Freudenberg provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Schiesseck and other positions in the area.

History
See Fortified Sector of Rohrbach for a broader discussion of the Rohrbach sector of the Maginot Line.

1940
Schiesseck saw relatively little action in 1940 compared to its neighbors, and surrendered to the Germans with the rest of the Bitche fortifications on 30 June 1940.

1944 and 1945
At the end of November 1944 the U.S. Seventh Army under General Alexander Patch had reached the Vosges region. Schiesseck was occupied by elements of the German 25th Panzer Grenadier Division. On 14 December, the 398th regiment the U.S. 100th Infantry Division assaulted Schiesseck, after an aerial and artillery bombardment, even using captured German 8.8cm guns and 8" howitzers. The most effective bombardment used American tank destroyers in direct fire against the position's embrasures. By late on the 18th the Americans occupied the surface in all areas except Block 2, which resisted until 20 December. The following day tank-dozers covered the firing positions and ditches.

The American advance was interrupted by the Battle of the Bulge in late December. The Seventh Army was pulled back to occupy positions previously held by the U.S. Third Army, abandoning Schiesseck. The 100th returned on 15 March 1945 and attacked the area on a broad front. Because Schiesseck's visible installations had been effectively destroyed in December, the ouvrage itself played no role in the German defense. The area was quickly captured.

Cold War
Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany.  Funds were allocated for restoration of the gros ouvrages, but work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament, with work completed by 1953. In 1951, Schiesseck had been designated part of the Mòle de Bitche, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after  France developed a nuclear deterrent.  The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Schiesseck was not manned or maintained after the early 1970s.

Current status
Schiesseck's entrances are visible from the road, but the combat blocks are located on military land and are not accessible.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
Ouvrage du Schiesseck at wikimaginot.eu
L'ouvrage du Schiesseck at alsacemaginot.com
Ouvrage du Schiesseck at lignemaginot.com
Schiesseck (gros ouvrage du) at fortiff.be
L'ouvrage du Schiesseck at wikimaginot.eu

Maginot Line
SCHI
SCHI


"You'll Always Be My Baby" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Sara Evans.  It was released in August 2006 as the fourth and final single from her 2005 album Real Fine Place.  The song peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The song is also included on Evans' 2007 Greatest Hits album. Evans wrote this song with Tony Martin and Tom Shapiro.

Evans released a gift book featuring this song's lyrics as well as pictures of Evans with her three children, and her mother.

Content
The first verse of the song describes Evans as a young girl making a mistake and being afraid of disappointing her father. The second verse describes Evans as a young adult having a sexual encounter and afraid of disappointing God. However, the refrain remarks that the both of them still love her. In the third verse, Evans reflects on being the mother of a young son, and praying that she will be just as loving when her son makes mistakes.

Evans' father, Jack Evans, sings backing vocals on the song.

Music video
The video for the song showed Evans in an old house, while a father and daughter talked about how she let him down. The father hugs his daughter and dances with her. The next scene showed a young woman and man in a car with Evans standing in front of the car singing about how she regrets a night of passion with a man. In the last scene, Evans is with a man and a little boy (played by her then-husband Craig Schleske and son), singing about how she will raise her own son. It was directed by Kristin Barlowe.

Chart performance

References

2006 singles
Sara Evans songs
Songs written by Tom Shapiro
Country ballads
Songs written by Tony Martin (songwriter)
Songs written by Sara Evans
RCA Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mark Bright (record producer)
2005 songs


In Japan, most forms of gambling are generally banned by the Criminal Code chapter 23; however, there are several exceptions, including betting on horse racing and certain motor sports.

Public sports, lottery, and toto (football pools) are held under special laws in order to increase the income of national and local governments as well as to offer a form of entertainment.

Since 2018, casino operators have been bidding for three legal licenses to operate an integrated casino resort in Japan, including in Osaka, Tokyo, and Yokohama. The Japanese government established the Casino Administration Committee in 2020 to supervise and manage Japan's resort operators.

A number of fictional franchises focus on gambling in Japan.

Public sports
Kōei kyōgi (, public sports) are public races that can be gambled on legally. There are four types: horse racing, bicycle racing, powerboat racing, and asphalt speedway motorcycle racing. They are allowed by special laws and are regulated by local governments or governmental corporations.

All four types employ parimutuel betting. The prize pool for gamblers on these races are 70-80% of total sales. Betting tickets are available at numerous circuits and ticket booths (off-track betting) within many cities.

Lottery

Takarakuji (), i.e., lotteries, are held by prefectures or large cities on a regular basis all throughout the calendar year.

There are three main types of lotteries: unique number lotteries, selected number lotteries, and scratch cards. Each lottery ticket is sold at 100 to 500 yen, and the top cash prizes are usually 100 million yen or more.

The takarakuji law stipulates that the entire prize pool for any given lottery is to be less than 50% of total sales, with the rest going to local government organizations and charities.

Takarakuji tickets are available at takarakuji booth and stores in many cities, with some outlets becoming particularly popular. Tickets for selected number lotteries can be also bought at some ATMs.

Pachinko

Pachinko is a pinball-like slot machine game. It is officially not considered gambling because Japanese laws regard pachinko as an exception to the criminal code on gambling for historical, monetary, and cultural reasons. Pachinko parlors can be found all over Japan, and they are operated by private companies. As of 2011, there are about 12,480 pachinko parlors in Japan. In 2018, Japan spent $200 billion on pachinko each year. Also, "nearly half of all leisure time in Japan" was spent in pachinko parlors.

In pachinko, when a player's ball makes it into a special hole to activate the slot machine and a jackpot is made, they are rewarded with more balls. Players can then exchange the balls for prizes of different value at a booth in the parlor. Money cannot be awarded at pachinko parlors as this would be in violation of the criminal code. However, players almost always exchange pachinko balls for special tokens, usually slips of gold encased in plastic, and then "sell" them at a neighboring shop for cash. This neighbouring shop is often owned by the parlor, but as long as the winners do not receive cash in the parlor premises itself, the law is not broken.

On April 4, 2011, Shintaro Ishihara, the Governor of Tokyo at the time, spoke against the pachinko parlors, arguing that the popular game together with vending machines were wasting electricity, at "nearly 10 million kilowatts of energy". He said that following the consequences the earthquake of March 11, 2011, the government asked people to reduce energy consumption, but asking was not enough and the government order was not enacted. In 2016, the Parliament voted to approve the said law that will eventually "alter the gambling industry in Japan".

Illegal gambling
Yakuza are known to operate illegal casinos in Japan. In addition to traditional casino games, mahjong can be played for money and many mahjong parlors have ties with the Yakuza to assist collecting debt from players who default.

Another illegal gambling opportunity is offered by mobile gambling sites. At these sites, Japanese gamblers can play rock-paper-scissors and win cash prizes. In 2010, the owner of one of these sites was arrested and confessed to earning over $1 million. The players purchased betting tickets for ¥315. They could win ¥1,000 if they won three times in a row while ¥10,000 was the prize for those who won five times in a row.

Casinos

Efforts to legalize
There were movements within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government to open casinos to boost tourism in Japan.  Operating casinos remains illegal in Japan, and recent sports betting on baseball by sumo wrestlers has caused a scandal.

In 2000, former mayor Ishihara proposed building casinos in Odaiba, but despite the high public interest, the idea was not entirely approved. One of the arguments against the developments was that the Japanese being not used to gambling would be too prone to addiction. Another possibility for the development of the casino industry in Japan is the creation of floating casinos. The idea of boat gambling has also been actively supported by Ishihara.

Casino legislation in Japan picked up fresh momentum with lawmakers submitting the Integrated Resort (IR) Enabling Act to the Diet in 2015.

Legalization and bidding
In July 2018, Japanese lawmakers approved a bill that officially allows casinos in the country. Three casinos in the form of integrated resorts (IRs) will be established in different locations. The IRs will come with restrictions and Japanese locals will only be able to visit the casinos three times per week, or ten times a month. Japanese visitors will also be charged a 6,000 yen entrance fee to help discourage addiction.

Osaka was the first to launch the “Request For Proposal” (RFP) process in 2019, and the five companies who applied for an Osaka integrated casino resort license are Las Vegas Sands, Wynn Resorts, MGM Resorts, Melco Resorts, and Genting Singapore. Names of two gambling operators were not revealed as they had requested anonymity. In February 2020 only MGM Resorts had submitted a bid in Osaka, with no bids put in by competing companies Galaxy Entertainment and Genting Singapore. MGM was awarded the contract. Las Vegas Sands, Melco Resorts and Entertainment and Wynn Resorts all said they were instead focusing on Yokohama and Tokyo and the bidding processes there, for the remaining two licenses.

On May 13, 2020, Las Vegas Sands recalled its bid to open an IR in Japan amid postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and global coronavirus epidemic.

Casino Administration Committee
The Japanese government established the Casino Administration Committee on January 7, 2020. Intended to supervise and manage Japan's IR operators, it operates as an external department to the cabinet. The chairman is Michio Katamura. It will grant casino licenses and also be able to revoke them, and investigate operators and related officers.

Media depictions
Gambling is the central theme of many Japanese fictional works, including manga, anime, film, and literature. Examples of notable franchises centered on gambling in Japanese culture include Kakegurui (Compulsive Gambler), Gambling Apocalypse: Kaiji, Usogui, Akagi, Legendary Gambler Tetsuya, Liar Game, Mahjong Hishō-den: Naki no Ryū, One Outs, Rio: Rainbow Gate!, and Tobaku Haōden Zero.

See also
Bookmaker

References

Economy of Japan
Politics of Japan
Yakuza


This is a list of supermarket chains in Europe.

Albania

Andorra
 Caprabo
 Carrefour
 Condis
 E.Leclerc
 Système U

Armenia
Carrefour
Parma Supermarket
SAS Supermarket
Tsiran
Yerevan City
Gurmenia
Zovq

Austria

Azerbaijan
 Al Market
 Araz Supermarket
 Bazarstore
 Bravo Supermarket
 Fresco Supermarket
 OBA Market
 SPAR

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bingo

Bulgaria

Croatia
 Konzum
 Plodine
 Lidl
 SPAR
 Kaufland
 CBA
 Metro
 Tommy

Cyprus
 Alphamega Hypermarkets
 Athientis
 Sklavenitis
 E&S
 Lidl
 METRO
 MAS Supermarkets
 Olympic
 Papantoniou
 SPAR

Czech Republic

Denmark

Greenland
Brugseni
Pilersuisoq
Pisiffik

Estonia

Faroe Islands
Bónus (8 stores)
Á (12 stores)
FK (8 stores)
Mylnan (4 stores)
Miklagarður (1 store)
Samkeyp (17 stores)

Finland

France

Georgia

Abkhazia
 Azanta
 Central Supermarkets
 Premium Supermarket

Germany

Gibraltar
 Coviran
 Eroski
 Morrisons

Greece

Guernsey
 Alliance
 Channel Islands Co-operative Society
 Iceland
 Marks & Spencer
 Waitrose
 Food Hall

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Isle of Man
 Co-op Food
 Shoprite
 Tesco Superstore

Italy

Jersey
 Checkers Food Stores
 Checkers Supermarket
 Checkers Xpress
 Co-op Food
 Costcutter
 Iceland
 Waitrose

Kazakhstan
 Magnum
 SMall
 METRO
 Ataba
 Ramstore
 Arzan
 Ayan
 Yuzhnyi

Kosovo
 Albi Market
 CONAD Kosova
 DEPPO Market
 ETC
 Interex
 KAM Market
 Maxi
 Meridian Express
 SPAR
 Viva
 Viva Fresh
 Landi star

Latvia

Liechtenstein
 Coop
 Denner
 Migros
 Spar

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta
Auchan (under the name of Pavi Supermarket)
Carrefour (under the name of Towers Supermarket)
Conad (under the name of Scotts Supermarket)
Lidl
SPAR

Moldova
 Linella (23)
 Green Hills (11)
 Fidesco (10)
 Fourchette (10)
 Nr. 1 (7)
 IMC Market (6)
 Metro Cash and Carry (3)
 Velmart
 Kaufland (6)

Monaco

Montenegro
HDL
Aroma
Idea
VOLI
Franca

Netherlands

North Macedonia

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

San Marino

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

United Kingdom

See also
 List of hypermarkets in Europe
 List of supermarket chains

References

Supermarket
Europe


This is a list of supermarket chains in Asia.

Afghanistan
 Chelsea Supermarket
 Spinneys

Armenia
 Carrefour
 SPAR

Azerbaijan
 Araz Supermarket

Bangladesh
AEON

Carrefour

Lotte Mart

Lulu Hypermarket

Spar

Spinneys

Bahrain

Cambodia
 Big C
 Makro

China

Egypt

Georgia
 Carrefour
 SPAR - 100 stores
 Ori Nabiji - mainly in Tbilisi

Hong Kong
 ÆON (JUSCO)
 c!ty'super
 China Resources Vanguard Shop
 DCH Food Mart
 Marks & Spencer
 PARKnSHOP
 Seibu Department Stores
 Seiyu Group
 Sogo (also considered a department store)
 Uny APiTA
 Wellcome
 Market Place by Jasons

India
 Kurinji Metro Bazaar
 7Heven
 7-Eleven
 Big Bazaar
 Centreal Bazaar
 D-Mart
 Easyday
 Foodworld
 HyperCity
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Maveli Stores
 Metro Cash & Carry
 More
 Namdhari's Fresh
 Nilgiri's
 Reliance Fresh
 Spar
 Spencer's Retail
 Triveni Supermarkets
 Walmart

Indonesia

Iran
 Carrefour
 Proma Hypermarket
 Refah Chain Stores Co.
 Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc.
 Svetofor

Israel
 Carrefour
 Hatzi Hinam
 Rami Levy
 Shufersal
 Tiv Ta'am

Japan
 ÆON
 Albis
 Don Quixote - discount store
 Ito-Yokado
 Izumiya
 Kanesue
 Kansai Super
 Life Supermarket (ja)
 Maxvalu Tokai
 Seiyu
 Seiyu Group
 Uny Apita, Biago
 Yaokō, Kanto region, mainly Saitama Prefecture and Chiba Prefecture.

Kazakhstan

Kuwait
 Carrefour
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Lulu Supermarket
 The Sultan Center
 Monoprix
 Saveco
 City Centre

Laos
 Big C

Lebanon
 Carrefour
 Monoprix
 Spinneys
 The Sultan Center
 noknok

Malaysia

Mongolia

Northern Cyprus

Pakistan
 CSD Pakistan
 Carrefour Pakistan
 Imtiaz Super Market
 Metro Cash and Carry Pakistan
 Spar Pakistan
 Utility Stores Corporation
 AL FATAH Stores

Philippines

Qatar
 Carrefour
 Carrefour Market
 Lulu Supermarket
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Mega Mart Supermarket
 Spinneys

Russia

Saudi Arabia
 Panda
 Carrefour
 HyperPanda
 Abdullah Al-Othaim Markets
 Tamimi
 Danube
 Al-Sadhan Supermarket
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Lulu Supermarket
 Nesto Hypermarket
 BinDawood

Singapore
 Cold Storage (DFI Group)
 Giant (DFI Group)
 Jasons Market Place (DFI Group)
 NTUC Fairprice
 Prime Supermarket
 Sheng Siong

South Korea

National chains
 Costco
 E-mart
 Lotte Mart
 Homeplus
 GS THE FRESH, Owner by GS Group
 NongHyup Hanaro Mart, Owner by NongHyup and Regional NongHyup

Regional chains
 MEGA MART, Owner by Nongshim
 TopMart, TopMart is South Korea Regional SuperMarket Chains. Owner by SEOWON DISTRIBUTION Co.,Ltd.
 TRIAL, TRIAL is Japan Supermarket Chain Group. South Korea Store Owner by TRIAL Korea Co.,Ltd.
 IGA, South Korea Store Owner by IGA Korea
 Segyero Mart

Sri Lanka
 Arpico Super Centre
 Cargills PLC (Food City)
 Keells Super (Jaykay Marketing Services)
 Laugfs Supermarkets
 Spar
 Glomark (softlogic Holdings)
Star United

Taiwan
 A.mart
 c!ty'super
 Carrefour
 Costco
 Jasons Market Place
 PXmart
 RT-Mart
 Wellcome

Thailand

Turkey
BIM
Carrefour
Dia
Metro
Migros Türk - 1447 stores
Real
Kipa
A101 - 9000 stores

United Arab Emirates
 Auchan
 Carrefour
 Géant
 HyperPanda
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Nesto
 Spinneys
 Arwani Store
 Talal Market
 Viva

Uzbekistan
 Auchan
 Kipa
 Makro Supermarket
 SPAR

Vietnam
 ÆON
 Big C
 Lotte Mart
 VinMart

References

Asia

Supermarket chains


Ouvrage Grand-Hohékirkel is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located near Bitche in the French département of Moselle.  Grand-Hohékirkel is adjoined by gros ouvrage Otterbiel to the west and petit ouvrage Lembach at some distance to the east, and faces the German frontier. It was part of the Fortified Sector of the Vosges.

Grand-Hohékirkel comprises two separate entrance blocks for ammunition and personnel, three infantry blocks, one artillery block and one observation block. Grand-Hohékirkel saw no significant action in the Battle of France, and limited action during the 1944/45 Lorraine Campaign. It was renovated for use during the Cold War. Grand-Hohékirkel is now unused, on restricted military land.

Design and construction
The site was surveyed by the Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Grand-Hohékirkel was approved for construction in August 1931. The petit ouvrage is a typical gros ouvrage of the smaller sort, with separate personnel and munitions entries a few hundred meters to the rear of the combat blocks, which are sited on an eminence controlling the terrain to the north. A second phase of construction, planned but not carried out, envisioned the addition of an 81mm mortar turret and an additional 75mm gun turret.

Description
Grand-Hohékirkel comprises two entrance blocks, three infantry blocks, one artillery block and an observation block. The munitions and personnel entries are located to the rear of the compactly arranged combat blocks.  A small barracks and usine or service area are located near the personnel entry. Grand-Hohékirkel lacks a main "M1" magazine, usually provided in a gros ouvrage. From the junction of the entry galleries a gallery runs at an average depth of  to the combat blocks.
Block 1: Infantry block with one retractable twin machine gun turret and one automatic rifle cloche (GFM).
Block 2: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, two twin machine gun cloches, one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).
Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one twin machine gun cloche, one twin machine gun embrasure and one JM/AC 47 embrasure.
Block 4: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one observation cloche (VDP), one grenade launcher cloche (LG) and one 75mm gun embrasure.
Block 5: Observation block with one GFM cloche and one GFM/observation cloche.
Personnel entry: Shaft-style entry block with one GFM cloche and one JM/AC47 embrasure.
Munitions entry: Direct entry block with two GFM cloches and one JM/AC47 embrasure.

Casemates and shelters
A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Grand-Hohékirkel, including

 Abri du Dépôt: Subsurface abri-caverne with two GFM cloches
 Abri de Wolfschlachen: Subsurface abri-caverne with two GFM cloches.

Additionally, the space between Grand-Hohékirkel and Lembach, its neighbor to the east, is filled by more than forty casemates and blockhouses along the river Schwartzbach and across the ridge to the Sauer river.

Manning
The 1939 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Commandant Fabre comprised 179 men and 7 officers of the 154th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 168th Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 5th Army. The nearby Casernement de Neunhoffen provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Grand-Hohékirkel and other positions in the area.

History
See Fortified Sector of the Vosges for a broader discussion of the Vosges sector of the Maginot Line.

1940
Grand-Hohékirkel saw relatively little action in 1940 compared to its neighbors, and surrendered to the Germans with the rest of the Bitche fortifications on 30 June 1940. Its chief action was artillery support of the line of casemates to the east of Grand-Hohékirkel which were attacked by the German 215th Infantry Division on 19 June 1940, breaking the French line.

1944 and 1945
At the end of November 1944 the U.S. Seventh Army under General Alexander Patch had reached the Vosges region. Grand-Hohékirkel was occupied by elements of the German 25th Panzer Grenadier Division. Otterbiel and Grand-Hohékirkel were to be the next positions to be attacked by the U.S. 100th Infantry Division, but the planned operation was disrupted by the Battle of the Bulge. The Seventh Army withdrew to cover areas vacated by the U.S. Third Army, which moved to confront the German offensive.

The 100th returned in March 1945 attacked the area on a broad front. Grand-Hohékirkel was lightly defended, and the Americans, backed up by heavy artillery, were able to capture Grand-Hohékirkel and the Ensemble de Bitche with few casualties.

Cold War
Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany.  Funds were allocated for restoration of the gros ouvrages, but work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament, with work completed by 1953. By 1953, Grand-Hohékirkel had been designated part of the Mòle de Bitche, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after  France developed a nuclear deterrent.  The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Grand-Hohékirkel was not manned or maintained after the early 1970s.

Present condition
Grand-Hohékirkel is on military land and is not accessible to the public.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
L'ouvrage du Grand-Hohékirkel at alsacemaginot.com
Ouvrage du Grand Hohékirkel at lignemaginot.com
Grand Hohékirkel (gros ouvrage du) at fortiff.be

Maginot Line
GRAN
GRAN


This is a list of supermarket chains in Africa.

Algeria

Angola
 Intermarket
 AngoMart
 AngoMart Mais
 Fresmart
 Nossa Casa
 Bompreço
 Continente
 Kero
 Maxi
 Megamart
 Nosso Super Supermarkets
 OK
 Shoprite
 Usave

Benin
 Super U
 Attidza
 CBND
 Erevan Hypermarché
 l'Étoile
 Mayfair
 Megamart
 Starlight
 Unidis
 Yamaya Supermarché

Botswana
 Checkers
 Choppies Supermarkets
 Friendly (OK franchise)
 Megamart
 OK Foods Supermarket
 OK Grocer
 OK Minimark
 OK Value
 Pick 'n Pay
 Shoppers
 Shoprite
 Spar
 USave
 Woolworths

Burkina Faso
 Marina Market
Le Bon Samaritain
Scimas
La surface
Les Bons amis

Burundi
 Au Bon Prix
 Boucherie Nouvelle
 Idéal
 T-2000 Supermarkets (Chinese)

Cameroon

 Eco Marché
 Ecoprix
 Le Bon Point
 Leader Price
 Super U
 Carrefour
 Casino

Canary Islands
 Tu Alteza
 DinoSol

Cape Verde
 Calu e Angela
 Leader Price

Central African Republic
 Dias Freres
 Groupe Kamach
 Kanko

Chad
 Alimentation Générale
 Alimentation La Tchadienne
 La Gastronomie
 Modern Market

Comoros
 Carrefour Webstore

Congo
Casino Supermarché
Good Market
Guenin
La Cité
Metraco
Regal Congo
Score

Cote d'Ivoire
 Super U
 Carrefour
 Casino
 Civadis
 Leader Price
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Prosuma
 Sococé

Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Kin Marché
 City Market
 Extra Food
 Hyper Psaro
 Megastore
 Supermarché First
 Jambo Mart

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea
 AJM Supermarkets
 EGTC Supermarkets
 Martinez Hermanos
 Sogech

Eritrea
 Wikianos Supermarket

Ethiopia
 Shoa Shopping Center
 Abadir Supermarkets
 Alle Supermarkets
 Fantu Supermarkets
 Leonardo Supermarkets
 Novis Supermarkets
 Savemore Supermarkets

Gabon
 Casino Supermarkets
 Géant Casino-Mbolo
 Prix Import
 San Gel
 Score
 SuperGros
 Viga Supermarkets

The Gambia
 Maroun's Supermarkets
 Safeway Supermarkets
 St. Mary's Food and Wine Supermarkets

Ghana
 A&C Shopping
 Kwatsons
 Lulu Hypermarket
 Melcom Stores
 Palace
Shoprite (South Africa)
 Woolworths
 Tesbury Ghana

Guinea
 RS GROUPE
 Babex
 Hyper Bobo
 Leader Price

Kenya

Lesotho
OK
Pick 'n Pay
Shoprite
 USave

Liberia
 Exclusive Supermarkets
 Monoprix Supermarkets
 Stop 'n' Shop Supermarkets

Libya
 Monoprix
 Price Club

Madagascar
 Cap 3000
 Supermaki owned by Score.
 Leader Price
 Jumbo Score Supermarkets
 Super U

Malawi
Pick n Pay Stores
Shoprite
SPAR
Chipiku
Superior Food Market
 Usave

Mali
 ALS
 Le Mini Prix
 Seme Sugu

Mauritania
 Eco Marché
 Generale Alimentaire
 Le Bon Choix
 Salam

Mauritius
 Super U (Système U) and U Express
 Intermart Hyper (Partner of Intermarché-France).
 Jumbo (hypermarkets)
 Winner's supermarkets
 King Savers
 Lolo
Food Lover's Market
 Dreamprice http://www.dreamprice.mu/
 Savemart
 GSR supermarket (Store 2000, Popo Supermarket, etc., ...)  http://www.gsrextraa.com/nos-supermarches
 Way supermarket (Londonway)

Former
 Pick 'n Pay operated 3 supermarkets in Mauritius between 2010 and 2014.
 Spar (all 5 Spar supermarkets replaced by Jumbo and Jumbo Express in 2019)
 Monoprix
 Smart
 Escale
 Shoprite Hyper (operated in Mauritius since 2002 but closed and were replaced by Winner's in 2020)

Morocco

Mayotte
Hypermarché Cora
 Score
 Shopi (Carrefour)
 Sodicash
 Sodifram
 HyperDiscount
 SuperDiscount

Mozambique
 KK Supermarkets
 Lulu Hypermarkets
 Pick 'n Pay Stores
 Royal Group Supermarkets
 Shoprite
 SPAR
 Taurus Supermarkets
 Woolworths

Namibia
 Foodzone
 Checkers
 Hypersave
 Devland Metro Cash & Carry
 Sentra
 OK Grocer
Shoprite
SPAR
 Woermann Brock
 Woermann Supermarkets
 Usave

Niger
 Haddad Supermarkets
 Marina Market
 Minimarket Azar

Nigeria

Marketsquare Supermarkets

Réunion
 Carrefour
 Casino Supermarché
 Champion
 Cora
 Géant
 Leader Price
 Marché U
 Score
 Super U
 Superette BRP
 A

Rwanda
 Foreign owned supermarket chains
 T-2000 Supermarkets (Chinese)

 Locally owned supermarket chains
 Crystal Mini Market
 Simba Supermarkets
 BIG Supermarket (Be Indangamirwa Generation Supermarket)
 SAWA City Supermarket
 my250 Supermarket
 Ndoli Super Market
 Mr Price Group

São Tomé and Príncipe
 Grande Mundo

Senegal
 Auchan
 Belle Viande
 Casino Supermarkets
 Dia
 Diop
 Eden's
 La Casa Italiana
 Score Supermarkets
 Societe Commerciale Dame Ndiaye
 Carrefour
 Super U

Seychelles
 Grocers Supermarkets Pty Ltd, Orion Mall, Mahe
 Kannus Supermarkets
 Seychelles Trading Corporation (STC)

Sierra Leone
 Monoprix

Somalia
 Al Osmani
 Carwada Bilan
 Daarasalaam
 Dool
 Father
 Midnimo
 Mama Taslim Grocery Store

South Africa

South Sudan
 JIT Mart - Juba Town (Mega) Branch and Yei Road Branch. Biggest Supermarket Chain in South Sudan
 Uchumi Supermarkets - In development
 Phoenicia Supermarket
 VAMP Supermarket
 Amen Supermarket
 AFRI General Trading Ltd (AFRI Shopping Centre)

Eswatini
OK
Shoprite
Pick 'n Pay
SPAR
Easy Buy

Tanzania
 Sifamart Supermarkets
 Shoppers Supermarkets
 Shrijees Supermarkets
 TSN Supermarket
 Village Supermarkets
 Viva Marche Supermarket
 SPAR
 Mr Price
 Woolworths
 SafeWay Food Stores, Mikocheni/Mbweni
 Shoprite

Togo
 Agroboss
 Assan's
 Champion
 CitiMart
 Cora
 De La Paix
 Eco Shop
 Global Mart
 King Cash
 Supermarche du Pont
 Leader Price
 Ramco

Tunisia
 Auchan (opening soon)
 Cady Supermarchés
 Carrefour
 Carrefour Market
 Champion
 Magasin Général
 Monoprix (Monoprix)
 Promogro
 Aziza

Uganda

Zambia

Pick 'n Pay
Shoprite
SPAR
Choppies
Food lovers Market
Mass Stores
Melisa supermarkets
Cheers
24seven
Jumbo
Home essential
Zambeef
Zmart

Zimbabwe
 Choppies
 OK
Pick 'n Pay
SPAR
 TM
 Mfs
 ING-CO
 Greens
 Food Lovers Market
 Fortwell
 Gain

Notes


This is a list of supermarket chains in North America.

Canada

Greenland
Brugseni (7 stores)
Pisiffik (11 supermarket stores)
Spar (11 supermarket stores)
Pilersuisoq (64 stores)

Honduras
 PriceSmart (Wholesale Club)
 Walmart

Mexico

United States and territories

References

North America
Supermarkets


General elections were held in Sierra Leone on 17 March 1967. They were won by the opposition All People's Congress, marking the first time that a ruling party had lost an election in sub-Saharan Africa (excluding white-ruled South Africa and Southern Rhodesia). However, the APC was overthrown in a military coup hours after taking power. The party was later restored to office after a counter-coup the following year and established a long-standing dictatorship.

Background
Although the Sierra Leone People's Party had won the previous elections in 1962, it had become increasingly unpopular, in part due to Albert Margai's unsuccessful attempts to convert the country into a one-party state, accusations of corruption, and an attempt to prevent opposition parties running against him and three other SLPP candidates.

There was also an ethnic dimension to the elections; the SLPP tended to be supported by the Mende, Sherbro and Fula, whilst the APC was more popular amongst the Temne, Susu, Loko, Mandinka and Creoles. Antagonism towards the SLPP had grown due to the Margai's promotion of several Mendes to prominent positions with the country's civil service and the fact that the group were beginning to dominate the country's army.

Results

Aftermath
Governor-General Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston swore in APC leader Siaka Stevens as the country's new Prime Minister on 21 March. Hours later, Stevens was overthrown in a coup led by David Lansana. The army put both Stevens and Boston under house arrest on the grounds that any change of government should have awaited the election of the tribal representatives to the House of Representatives. Lansana was then removed from power on 23 March by a group led Andrew Juxon-Smith which named themselves the National Reformation Council. They suspended the constitution and placed Margai under arrest.

On 18 April 1968 a "sergeants' revolt" was carried out by the Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement led by John Amadu Bangura. NRC members were imprisoned, and other army and police officers deposed. Stevens was allowed to assume the office of Prime Minister under the restored constitution.

References

Elections in Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
1967 in Sierra Leone
Annulled elections
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results


Ouvrage Lembach is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line.  Lembach is adjoined by petit ouvrage Grand Hohekirkel at some distance to its west and gros ouvrage Four-à-Chaux immediately to its east. It faces the German frontier, and was part of the Fortified Sector of the Vosges. During the Battle of France in 1940, the German 215th Infantry Division broke through the line of smaller fortifications to the west of Lembach, but did not directly attack. After aerial bombardments, Lembach surrendered with the rest of the Maginot fortifications according to the terms of the Second Armistice at Compiègne. After the war Lembach was renovated for further use, but was abandoned by the 1970s.

Design and construction
The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Lembach was approved for construction in July 1931. The petit ouvrage was to be expanded in a second phase of construction, planned but not carried out, envisioned the addition of an 81mm mortar turret and new, separate munitions and personnel entries.

Description
Lembach comprises an entry block, two infantry blocks and one observation block. A small entry block exists near Block 1, with underground barracks and service areas along the gallery that links the combat blocks.
Block 1: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one twin machine gun cloche and one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).
Block 2: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one twin machine gun cloche and one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47).
Block 3: Infantry block with one GFM cloche, two twin machine gun cloches and one observation colche (VDP).
Entry: Entry block with two automatic rifle embrasures.

Casemates and shelters
A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Lembach, including

 Casemate de Lembach: Casemate in close proximity to Lembach's entrance, but not connected. Single block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one twin machine gun embrasure  and a GFM cloche.

Additionally, the space between Lembach and Grand-Hohékirkel, its neighbor to the west, is filled by more than forty casemates and blockhouses along the river Schwartzbach and across the ridge to the Sauer river.

Manning
The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Drouin comprised 58 men and 4 officers of the 165th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 5th Army. The nearby Casernement de Lembach provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Lembach and other positions in the area.

History

See Fortified Sector of the Vosges for a broader discussion of the Vosges sector of the Maginot Line.

1940
On 19 June 1940, the German 215th Infantry Division attacked in the area immediately to the west of Lembach, between the river Schwartzbach and Lembach. Later in the day, Lembach and other ouvrages were bombed by Stukas with no significant effect.  The next day an attack was repelled with artillery support from Hochwald. The German advance continued into the Vosges region, but did not directly attack Lembach. Lembach, Four-à-Chaux and Hochwald formally surrendered on 1 July 1940.

1944-1945
Lembach saw little action during the Lorraine Campaign, where most action took place around Hochwald and Schoenenbourg.

Cold War
In  the 1950s interest in  the Maginot Line was renewed. In 1951, Lembach, Four-à-Chaux, Hochwald and Schoenenbourg were designated the Môle de Haguenau, a point of resistance against a potential invasion by forces of the Warsaw Pact. Lembach was repaired and put in a state of readiness in 1951-52. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after  France developed a nuclear deterrent.  The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Lembach was not manned or maintained after the early 1970s

Present condition
Lembach is privately owned and reported to be in poor condition.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 L'ouvrage de Lembach at alsacemaginot.com
 Petit ouvrage de Lembach at lignemaginot.com
 Lembach (petit ouvrage de) at fortiff.be

Maginot Line
LEMB
LEMB


This is a list of supermarket chains in South America.

Argentina
 La Anónima
 Carrefour
 Coto
 Dia %
 Disco-Jumbo-Vea (Cencosud)
 La Genovesa
 Comodín
 Supermercado Dar
 Buenos Días
 Vital
 Maxiconsumo
 Diarco
 Libertad
 Emilio Luque
 Kilbel
 Alvear
 Becerra
 Supermercados La Proveeduría
 Changomás (owned by Walmart Argentina)
 Supermercados Llaneza
 Walmart
 Makro

Bolivia
 EMAPA (State-owned)
 Hipermaxi
 Fidalga
 IC Norte
 Multicenter
 Ketal
 Tía

Brazil

Chile
 Jumbo (owned by Cencosud)
 Santa Isabel (owned by Cencosud)
 Líder (owned by Walmart-Chile)
 Superbodega Acuenta (owned by Walmart-Chile)
 Tottus (owned by Falabella)
 Unimarc (owned by SMU S.A.)

Colombia
 Alkosto (cash & carry)
 Almacenes la 14
 Almacenes Éxito owned by Groupe Casino
 Almacenes Ley (brand of Almacenes Exito)
 Bodegas Surtimax (cash & carry, brand of Almacenes Exito)
 Cafam (rebranded to Almacenes Exito in 2010)
 Carulla (brand of Almacenes Exito)
 Pomona (brand of Almacenes Exito)
 SuperLEY (rebranded to Almacenes Ley in 2003)
 Vivero (rebranded to Almacenes Exito in 2007)
 Almacenes Olímpica
 SAO (hypermarkets to Olimpica)
 Ara (from 2013, brand to Jeronimo Martins)
 Jumbo
 Metro
 Carrefour
 Colsubsidio
 Cooratiendas
 Consumo
 D1 (first discounter supermarket in Colombia)
 Euro supermercado
 Makro (cash & carry)
 Super Inter
 Surtifruver de la Sabana (fruits and vegetables)
 Tía (closed in 2017)
 Yep (gone into liquidation)

Ecuador

 Mi Comisariato / HYPER market
 Supermaxi / Megamaxi
 Tía

Paraguay
 Stock owned by Grupo Vierci
 Super Seis owned by Grupo Vierci
 Diefer
 La Bomba
 Salemma
 Gran Via
 Real

Peru
 Grupo Falabella
 Tottus
 Precio Uno
 Tottus Vecino
 SHV Holdings N.V.
 Makro
 Supermercados Peruanos
 Mass
 Economax
 Market San Jorge
 Plaza Vea
 Vivanda
 Cencosud
 Metro
 Wong

Uruguay

 Disco owned by Groupe Casino
  owned by Groupe Casino
 Tienda Inglesa
 El Dorado

Venezuela
 Abasto Bicentenario
 Automercados Plaza's
 Central Madeirense
 Líder
 Makro
 Mikro
 Mercal
 San Diego
 Supermercado La Franco Italiana
 Unicasa
 Excelsior Gama

References

South America

South America-related lists


The Johnstown Jets were a professional ice hockey team from Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The Jets were founded in the Eastern Amateur Hockey League for the 1950–51 season, playing at the newly constructed Cambria County War Memorial Arena. The Jets won consecutive EHL championships in 1951–52 and 1952–53.

When the EAHL suspended operations in 1953, the Jets transferred to the International Hockey League, where they played two seasons. Johnstown were Turner Cup finalists in 1953–54, losing four games to two, to the Cincinnati Mohawks.

In 1955, the Jets joined the Eastern Hockey League (a league founded from the EAHL), and won three consecutive EHL championships in 1959–60, 1960–61 and 1961–62. Johnstown remained in the league until its demise in 1973.

The Jets then joined the new North American Hockey League in 1973. Dick Roberge coached  Johnstown to the Lockhart Cup championship 1974–75, defeating the Broome Dusters. That season's playoff run included the Carlson brothers, Jeff, Jack and Steve, who became the basis for the Hanson Brothers in the movie Slap Shot. Jeff and Steve Carlson portrayed their fictional selves in the movie, while former Jet Dave Hanson portrayed Jack. The Jets played four seasons total in the NAHL before the league folded in 1977. The team itself folded in the offseason, when the Johnstown flood of 1977 damaged the arena's ice making equipment.

Johnstown was later represented by the Johnstown Wings (later Red Wings) from 1978 to 1980. The Red Wings folded after two seasons, but hockey returned to Johnstown in 1988 with the Johnstown Chiefs, which named itself after the Jets' fictional counterpart from Slap Shot.

Season-by-season results

NHL alumni

List of Johnstown Jets who played in the National Hockey League, 46 in total.

League All-Stars
The following players were named to the league's respective All-Star team, announced at the end of the season.

Most All-Star appearances

References

 EHL standings and statistics
 IHL standings and statistics
 NAHL standings and statistics

External links
 Johnstown Jets - www.officialgamepuck.com
 Old-time hockey indeed - Jets history
 How the Johnstown Jets were turned into the Charlestown Chiefs

Calgary Cowboys minor league affiliates
Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pennsylvania
Eastern Hockey League teams
Houston Aeros minor league affiliates
Ice hockey clubs established in 1950
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 1977
Ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania
International Hockey League (1945–2001) teams
Kansas City Scouts minor league affiliates
Minnesota Fighting Saints minor league affiliates
North American Hockey League (1973–1977) teams
Pittsburgh Penguins minor league affiliates
St. Louis Blues minor league affiliates
Washington Capitals minor league affiliates


This is a list of supermarket chains in Oceania.

Australia

Coles Group

Coles Supermarkets
Coles Express
Coles Local

Metcash Trading

IGA
Supa IGA
IGA X-Press/Local Grocer IGA
Foodland IGA
Supa Valu IGA
Eziway Food Stores (Western Australia only)  1 store in Shelley.

Progressive Trading Pty Ltd

Progressive Supa IGA (Western Australia only) consists of: Shoalwater Supa IGA, Girrawheen Supa IGA, Waterford Supa IGA, Vale IGA. Progressive Supa IGA consisted of 15 stores 12 "Progressive Stores" and 3 "Supa IGA Stores" The last Progressive Supa IGA (Spearwood Progressive Supa IGA) closed in February 2019. Leda Supa IGA was demolished in 2018 while High Wycombe Supa IGA was sold to Pham Group IGA. Progressive Supa IGA parent company "Progressive Trading Pty Ltd" is a joint venture between "BMS Bendigo Retail Group Vic" and "Metcash"

Woolworths Group
Woolworths Metro
Woolworths Supermarkets

Supermarkets West Pty Ltd

 Supermarkets West Pty Ltd opened its First Farmer Jack's Family Supermarket in 1987. Each of the stores are Independently owned and Operated by local Franchisees. FoodWorks Supermarkets are also locally owned and operated and Supermarkets West use the name under Licence from Australian United Retailers Limited.
 Farmer Jack's Family Supermarkets (Western Australia only) 11 stores owned by Fred Fairthorne after he closed  2 supermarkets 1 in Ocean Reef  and 1 at Lakeside Joondalup shopping centre.
 Farmer Jacks Supermarkets (Western Australia only) has 2 Independent stores located in Moora and Forrestfield.
 FoodWorks - Used under Licence in (Western Australia only) has 2 Stores in Perth Metropolitan Area, Greenwood and Kenwick. This chain has many regional Area Stores.

Aldi Australia
 German Retailer - stores located in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

Costco Wholesale
American Warehouse Style Hypermarket with Food Court.
2 Stores in Located in Western Australia
 Perth Airport
 Casuarina

1 Store located in South Australia
 Kilburn

Stores also located in
 Victoria
 New South Wales
 Queensland
 ACT

Independent retailers
 Bernadi's – fresh Format supermarket chain with 5 stores in Central West NSW
 Champions IGA (Victoria only)
 Drakes Supermarkets (South Australia and Queensland)
 Farmer Jack's Supermarkets (11 locations in WA)
 Festival City (South Australia, only) – food wholesaler
 Fishers (Victoria and Mount Gambier only)
 Foodary, Ampol (Australian petrol stations)
 Foodland IGA Supermarkets (South Australia, NT and Broken Hill)
 Freshplus
 Fresh & Save Australia – Food Warehouses (Queensland, Operated and owned) found only in QLD
 Fresh Provisions (Western Australia only)
 Friendly Grocer (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia)
 Galati and Sons (Western Australia Only) – 1 Store in Fremantle
 Gaganis Brothers (South Australia)
 Harris Farm Markets (New South Wales, QLD)
 KSM Khurasan Supermarket & Blair Athol IGA, (South Australia)
 LaManna Supermarket (Essendon, Victoria)
 Macro Wholefoods (New South Wales and Victoria only)
 Maloneys Grocer (New South Wales only)
 Metropolitan Fresh (South Australia)
 Miracle Supermarkets (New South Wales only)
 MKS Spices 'N Things – Asian supermarket (South Asian, South East Asian and East Asian) (Victoria only)
 NQR Owned and operated by Tradeorigins Pty Ltd (Victoria, South Australia and online)
 Omega Foods, (South Australia)
 Outback Stores (First Nations-owned and backed buying group of 52 grocery stores in outback Aboriginal communities)
 Ritchie's (IGA Supermarkets in NSW, Victoria and ACT)
 Romeo's (IGA, Foodland and Food Hall Supermarkets in South Australia and NSW only)
 Seaton Supreme Foods (South Australia only)
 Spudshed (Western Australia only)
 Supabarn (Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales)
 The Reject Shop (Across Australia,  some grocery goods)
 The Green Grocer (New South Wales only)
 Tong Li Asian Supermarket (New South Wales only)
 Tony & Marks (South Australia)
 Valuemart (Queensland only)
 Le Max Group Supermarkets – operates Leo's Fine Food & Wine, Maxi Food's (Victoria)
 Leo's Fine Food & Wine (inner suburban Melbourne only)
 Maxi Foods (outer suburban Melbourne and regional Victoria* only)
 FoodWorks (Australia)
 SPAR Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Queensland)
 5 Star (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory and Queensland)
 DeDe's Discount Supermarket  (Victoria Only)
 X Convienance (S.A and W.A.)

Former supermarket chains
 Brisbane Cash & Carry B.C.C (Australia) – acquired by Woolworths Australia
Bi-Lo Supermarkets (Australia)
Franklin's Supermarkets (Australia)
4 Square Supermarkets (Australia)

Foodland Associated Limited Group
Action Supermarkets (Queensland, Northern NSW, Western Australia only) 49 stores sold to and rebranded as Woolworths, remaining stores rebranded as IGA in 2006.
Action Food Barns
Advantage Supermarkets
Dewsons Supermarkets
Dewsons Express Supermarkets
Supa Valu Supermarkets
Foodland Supermarkets (Western Australia Only) – same name as the stores in South Australia and Northern Territory but not financially related.
Rules Supermarkets
Cheap Foods Supermarkets
BI-Lo Supermarkets (Western Australia only)

Woolworths Limited
Food For Less chain of supermarkets located in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland. The last store was at Beresfield, NSW, now re-branded Woolworths.
Flemings (New South Wales,1 store was in existence and was located in Jannali, Sydney) This Store Closed in 2020 and moved up the Street and into a Former IGA Store where it trades as Woolworths Metro.

Coles Supermarket Group (at various times Coles Myer, Coles Group & Wesfarmers)
Newmart (Western Australia only) Re-branded as Coles in 2003. Some stores sold to FAL and rebranded as Action.
BI-LO was a supermarket chain established in 1979 in South Australia. It was bought by Coles Myer in 1987 and later expanded nationally. Coles started converting stores from late 2006. It withdrew from Victoria in 2009, and from NSW in 2016. The last store, located at Loganholme, Queensland, closed 30 June 2017. Most BI-LO stores were re-branded as Coles.
Crittendens
Pick 'n Pay Hypermarket (Queensland only) consisted of two stores at Aspley and Sunnybank Hills. Pick 'n Pay Hypermarkets were re-branded to other store names within the Wesfarmers Group.

Other former supermarkets
AUR - re-branded as FoodWorks in 2003.
Franklins - sold to Metcash in 2010
Franklins Big Fresh (Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria only) - all stores closed or sold off in 2001
Big Save Supermarket (Western Australia only)
BBC Supermarket
Betta Value (Western Australia only) - consisted of one store located at Charthouse  (Waikiki) and was renamed IGA
Bi-Lo Supermarkets (Rebranded as Coles Supermarkets)
Budget Rite Foodmarkets
Buy Rite - taken over by AUR in the 1990s, re-branded as FoodWorks in 2003.
Cannon Supermarkets (ACT?) - taken over by Woolworths Limited, stores re-branded as Woolworths
Charlie Carters (Western Australia only)
 Clancy's (Western Australia only) - re-branded as IGA in 2006.
Dickens Foodmarkets
Giants supermarket (Queensland)
Super Q store (Queensland)
Festival Supermarkets - rebranded as IGA in 2000.
Foodland Supermarkets (Western Australia only) - re-branded as Eziway Food store
Foodland Supermarket (South Australia only) - re-branded Foodland IGA
Food Master
Four Square WA (Western Australia only - re-branded as Eziway in 2004
Fresco Supermarkets (New South Wales only) - all but one store were taken over and rebranded as Franklins in 2002.
Goodfellows
Harry Heaths (Victoria metro Melbourne only) - Heidelberg, Forest Hill, Nunawading, Chirnside Park, Epping Plaza, Balwyn. Became part of SSW
Half Case - became Payless
Jack the Slasher Supermarkets (Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales) - renamed Food For Less in the early 1980s
Jewel Supermarkets - re-branded as IGA in 2000
John Cade "(Western Australia only)" - 21 stores, sold to Tom The Cheap Grocer in 1970s
MityMart
Nancarrows (Victoria only) - Woolworths sold this division to Davids Holdings, many re-branded as Foodtown and Welcome Mart
Payless Supermarkets
Permewans
Rainbow Supermarkets
Rite-Price (South Australia, low discount store's)
Riteway
Rockingham Factory Outlet (Western Australia only) - consisted of one store within the City of Rockingham at United Cinemas complex
Purity(Tasmania only) - re-branded as Woolworths in 2002
Roelf Vos (Tasmania only) - re-branded as Woolworths in 2002
Safeway Supermarkets - re-branded as Woolworths between 1985 and 2017)
Saveway
Shoeys (New South Wales only) - re-branded as BI-LO in 1987
SSW (mainly in Victoria) - SSW stood for "Self Service Wholesalers", but stores were always branded as SSW.
Stammers Supermarket (Western Australia only) A Family owned supermarket chain consisting of 3 Supermarkets 1. FREMANTLE - Corner of Wray Avenue and Hampton Road - now Ellen's Health Medical Centre 2. PALMYRA - Now trading as WoolWorths Supermarket 2. Winthrop - Now trading as SUPA IGA
Supa Valu (Western Australia)
Super-Rite
Super K Mart - converted to Coles supermarkets and K-Mart discount department stores in the early 1990s
Top Valu (Western Australia only) - consisted of one store in Maylands and was rebadged as IGA
Tuckerbag (AURL, FoodWorks)

New Zealand

Current

Supermarket retailing in New Zealand is a duopoly:

Costco Wholesale  - Westgate Auckland (Membership only Access)
Woolworths NZ (formerly Progressive Enterprises)
Countdown
FreshChoice
SuperValue
Foodstuffs
Four Square
New World
Pak'n'Save
Pak'n'Save Mini
 Raeward Fresh

Former
Progressive Enterprises
3 Guys – rebranded as Countdown
Big Fresh – rebranded as Woolworths or Countdown
Foodtown – rebranded as Countdown
Price Chopper – rebranded as Woolworths or Countdown
Woolworths – rebranded as Countdown
Write Price – rebranded as Pak'nSave Mini
The Warehouse – shut down their supermarket sections but continues to sell some food items

Papua New Guinea
 Waterfront Food World
 Boroko Food World
 RH Hyper-Mart
 Tango
 Stop & Shop
 JMart
 Stop N Shop – supermarket chain belonging to CPL Group who also own chemist and hardware outlets.
 TST Supermarkets
 San Kam Ap (Stores) 1980s
 Burns Philp

References

External links

Oceania

Lists of companies of New Zealand
Lists of companies of Australia
Companies of Oceania


Mirosław Okoński (born 8 December 1958 in Koszalin) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

Club career
Okoński started his football career in 1969, in the second division of the Polish league with the team of his hometown, Gwardia Koszalin, which he played to until 1977. He then moved to the first division and Lech Poznań. In 1980 he was transferred to Legia Warsaw with which he won the Polish Cup in 1980 and 1981, while from 1982 to 1986 he returned to Lech Poznań. During his career in Poland he was the top scorer once, in 1983, and twice the runner-up in the league. In 1983 and 1984 he won back-to-back championships with Lech Poznan. In 1982 and 1984 he also won the Polish Cup. In 1986, he was transferred for around DM 700,000 to German side, Hamburger SV. He played there for the next two years and won the DFB-Pokal in 1987 and in the same year they finished second in the league. They played in the 1987 DFB-Supercup losing  2–1 from Bayern Munich with Okoński scoring the only goal for his club. During his stay there, he was named Best Foreign Player in Bundesliga.

It was the summer of 1988, he moved to the Greek league to play for AEK Athens in a transfer of 220 million drachmas. Anderlecht, Paris Saint-Germain, Monaco and Olympiacos were also very interested in the footballer, with the latter ending up with Lajos Détári instead. In his first season at the club, he won the league being the team's top scorer and essentially their leader. He scored with a direct free kick against Panathinaikos and gave his team the victory in the away derby. In May 7, 1989 in an away match against Olympiacos at the Olympic Stadium, he combined 2 times with Karagiozopoulos, assisting him in one of the most important goals in AEK's history. The following season was also very good winning the Greek Super Cup on penalties against Panathinaikos. On the contrary in his last season at AEK, affected both by the bad state of the club and by the rupture of his relations with the then coach Dušan Bajević, he did not performed as expected and left before the end of the season.

In 1991 he was transferred to Korinthos, who had just been promoted to the first division and played for six months, before he leaves the team and thecountry, at 33 years old. In 1992, at the end of his career, he returned to his homeland playing a few games initially with Lech Poznan, later champions, and ending the season with Olimpia Poznań. The following year he returned to Germany and played with SC Concordia von 1907, while in 1994 with FTSV Raspo Elmshorn in the 5th division of the German Championship. He returned to his country in 1995 and joined Lipno Stęszew and a year later his first team Gwardia Koszalin. In the last years of his career and post-retirement he has faced problems related to alcohol and gambling abuse.

International career
From 1977 to 1987, Okoński played 29 times and scored 2 goals for the Poland national team, without participating in any major international tournament.

After football
He currently lives in Poland and has occasionally worked as a player manager and as a newspaper columnist.

Honours

Legia Warsaw
Polish Cup: 1979–80, 1980–81

Lech Poznań
Ekstraklasa: 1982–83, 1983–84, 1992–93
Polish Cup: 1981–82, 1983–84
Polish Super Cup: 1992

Hamburger SV
DFB-Pokal: 1986–87

AEK Athens
Alpha Ethniki: 1988–89
Greek League Cup: 1990
Greek Super Cup: 1989

Individual
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1986–87
Ekstraklasa top scorer: 1982–83
Lech Poznań All-time XI

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Koszalin
Footballers from West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Men's association football forwards
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Lech Poznań players
Legia Warsaw players
Hamburger SV players
AEK Athens F.C. players
P.A.S. Korinthos players
Olimpia Poznań players
Gwardia Koszalin players
Polish expatriate sportspeople in West Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in West Germany
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Ekstraklasa players
Bundesliga players
Super League Greece players


David Peter Beddall (born 27 November 1948) is a former Australian politician.

Beddall was born in Manchester, England and was employed by the Commonwealth Bank and was a self-employed commercial finance consultant before he entered parliament.  He was elected as Australian Labor Party member in the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Fadden at the 1983 election, and then for the seat of Rankin at the 1984 election.

In April 1990, he was appointed Minister for Small Business and Customs in the Hawke ministry (Minister for Small Business, Construction and Customs from December 1991).  In March 1993, he was appointed junior Communications Minister (serving concurrently with senior Communications Minister Bob Collins) in the second Keating Ministry.  As Communications Minister, Beddall launched SBS television and Triple J radio across different parts of Australia, and took the early steps in Telstra's Future Mode of Operation digital transformation.

In December 1993, he and Collins left the Communications portfolio, which was taken by Michael Lee, and Beddall replaced Lee as Minister For Resources. Beddall lost that portfolio with the defeat of the Keating government at the 1996 election, in which he was one of only two Labor MPs returned from Queensland.  He retired from parliament at the 1998 election.

Notes

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Fadden
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Rankin
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1948 births
Living people
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia


Philip Burger (born 28 August 1980 in Pretoria, South Africa) is a rugby union player.

He is a Springbok Rugby Sevens player, and represented South Africa at the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games. He was the top try scorer at the IRB Sevens tournament in George, South Africa in 2006. He is the son of 3-times capped Bok, Thys Burger.

Burger played Currie Cup rugby for the Free State Cheetahs from 2005 to 2007. In 2006 he was the top try scorer in the Currie Cup competition. Burger won the Currie Cup with the Cheetahs in 2005 and in 2006 (when the Cheetahs shared it with the Bulls).
He played Super 14 Rugby for the Cheetahs in 2007. He is in the current squad for the French Club USA Perpignan, in the Heineken Cup and Top 14, and was part of the title winning squad in 2008/09.

Notes

External links

itsrugby.co.uk Profile

1980 births
Living people
Afrikaner people
South African rugby union players
Rugby union fullbacks
Cheetahs (rugby union) players
Free State Cheetahs players
Griffons (rugby union) players
USA Perpignan players
Rugby union players from Pretoria
South Africa international rugby sevens players
Male rugby sevens players
Rugby sevens players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for South Africa


John Hilton (born 25 June 1947) is a retired table tennis player best known for winning the singles event at the Table Tennis European Championships in 1980 despite being a relatively unknown amateur player. His use of a revolutionary combination bat with different rubbers on either side, coupled with his defensive play, led to one of sport's greatest upsets. At the time of his victory John trained at the Manchester YMCA, where he was only ranked at number 4, despite being ranked at number 1 in Europe and number 5 in the world. His odds of winning the tournament were rated at 1,000–1.

Ultimately, the table tennis authorities had to change the rules because of Hilton, so that either side of a bat had different coloured rubbers. This gave the opposing player the chance to spot which rubber their opponent was using. Hilton used a bat which had black rubber (one side antispin, the other side very spinny) on both sides, meaning that opponents generally had no clue which rubber he was using when he 'twiddled' his bat in mid-rally, especially when his sleight of hand was coupled with him squeaking the soles of his shoes on the floor at the moment of bat on ball impact to mask the slight difference in sound between the antispin and spinny surfaces.

Hilton still plays table tennis in the Bolton league, which his team won in the 2012–13 season. John has won many Veteran titles and to date, is the only British player to have won the gold medal in the Men's Singles event at the Table Tennis European Championships.

See also
 List of England players at the World Team Table Tennis Championships

References

External links
 "Howard Table Tennis Centre hosts summer training camp"
 "Cooke King of Nottingham Open Butterfly Grand Prix"
 "John Hilton vs. Liang Geliang - Over 40 Singles - 1990 US Open Table Tennis Championships"

1947 births
English male table tennis players
Living people


The 2001 Honda Indy 300 was a Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) motor race held on 28 October 2001, at the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit, in Surfers Paradise, Queensland, before 110,187 people. It was the 20th and penultimate round of the 2001 CART season, the 11th iteration of the Honda Indy 300 and the last race of 2001 to be held outside the United States. Cristiano da Matta of the Newman-Haas Racing team won the 65-lap race from third. Michael Andretti finished second for Team Motorola and Forsythe Racing's Alex Tagliani took third.

Roberto Moreno won the second pole position of his career by recording the fastest lap in qualifying but de Ferran passed him on lap one. De Ferran pulled away from the rest of the field and retained the lead until the first round of pit stops. Moreno retook first by staying on the track for a lap longer than de Ferran. He lost the lead when he retired with a gear selection problem on lap 54. Da Matta assumed the lead and remained there for the remainder of the race to achieve his second victory of the season and the fourth of his career. Andretti drew closer to da Matta, but he was instructed to manage his fuel usage and took second place. There were two cautions and eight lead changes among five drivers during the race.

The result won Ferran his second consecutive CART Drivers' Championship as Kenny Bräck could not match his points total this late in the season. Hélio Castroneves maintained third despite not scoring any points but was now tied with Andretti as Da Matta overtook Dario Franchitti for fifth. Honda had already won the Manufacturers' Championship at the preceding Honda Grand Prix of Monterey as Toyota passed Ford Cosworth for second. Reynard still led the Constructors' Championship but Lola lowered the advantage by two points with one race left in the season.

Background

The Honda Indy 300 was confirmed as part of CART's 2001 schedule for the series in August 2000. It was the 11th consecutive year the race was held as part of the series, and the seventh (and last) round of 2001 to be held outside the United States. The 2001 Honda Indy 300 was the 20th and penultimate race scheduled for 2001 by CART. It was held on 28 October 2001, at the  12-turn Surfers Paradise Street Circuit, Queensland. The Australian press anticipated that 300,000 people would visit the track during the weekend. After organisers of the race voiced concerns over the possibility that it would be cancelled if the Government of the United States barred air travel to Australia had the invasion of Afghanistan deteriorated, CART executives stated that the round would proceed as scheduled but with increased security. The chairman of the race Geoff Jones stated, "CART's outlook has been business as usual, they won't be bowing to terrorism."

Entering the race from Laguna Seca two weeks earlier, Team Penske driver Gil de Ferran led the Drivers' Championship with 179 points, 26 ahead of Kenny Brack of Team Rahal in second. With 141 points, Hélio Castroneves in the second Penske car was third, with Team Motorola's Michael Andretti placed fourth with 125 points and Dario Franchitti of Team Green fifth with 105 points. There were 44 points available for the final two rounds of the season, which meant de Ferran could win his second successive championship if he was 23 or more points ahead of Bräck leaving Australia. Honda had already won the Manufacturers' Championship at the Honda Grand Prix of Monterey as it had an unassailable lead of 316 points. Ford Cosworth and Toyota were equal on points with 266 apiece in second place. With 345 points, Reynard led the Constructors' Championship with an unchallenged advantage of 51 points over Lola.

De Ferran began his charge to the Drivers' Championship lead at the Grand Prix of Chicago in July. He achieved consecutive wins at the Rockingham 500 and the Grand Prix of Houston in the second half of the season to claim the points lead. Although he had not completed a single lap of the Surfers Paradise circuit in 1999 and 2000, de Ferran said he was aware that the race would be of a significant performance to the title battle noting, "The situation is looking relatively good for Marlboro Team Penske, but it's not decided by any means. Heading into Australia last year, we were also in a good position but didn't get through the first corner. Hopefully, we'll be more successful this year." Bräck commented he had not conceded the championship despite having won all four of his races on oval tracks in 2001.This thing is not over 'til it's over. Sure I'd like to be leading, but I have been in enough championship races to know that we can still pull it off. Actually, we were further behind Gil last year going into Surfers Paradise than we are this year (32 points versus 26 points). So nothing is out of the question. But I would like to score a win and go to California with a strong shot at the championship."

There was one change of driver going into the round. 1997 Atlantic Champion Alex Barron replaced Max Wilson in the No. 25 Arciero-Blair Racing car for the final two races of the season. Team owner Larry Blair made the change based on Barron's performance in the final two rounds of the 2000 season at Surfers Paradise and Fontana and because his experience and input were required to help the team advance. Barron said in a press release that he was looking forward to competing for Arciero-Blair Racing. "Last year, I was in contention to win both events – then we had a mechanical problem. 2001 has been a long year not racing a Champ Car. But I have kept myself in shape by working out, testing the 2002 Atlantic chassis and testing for Firestone at the new tracks in Germany and England. It will be good to be back in CART competition and to race for this new team."

Practice and qualifying
There were three practice sessions preceding Sunday's race. The first practice session on Friday lasted 105 minutes, the second practice running for 90 minutes was held in the afternoon, and the final session took place on Saturday morning lasting 75 minutes. A rain shower on Thursday night made the track slightly wet. Most drivers began on dry slick tyres with a few using wet-weather tyres as they optimised the set-up of their cars. Light drizzle returned to the area 41 minutes into practice, which later turned to a deluge and flooded the track. Jimmy Vasser set the fastest lap of the session with a time of 1 minute, 36.911 seconds, almost one tenth of a second faster than Castroneves in second. Adrián Fernández, Roberto Moreno, Christian Fittipaldi, Cristiano da Matta, Patrick Carpentier, Bryan Herta, Memo Gidley and Michel Jourdain Jr. filled positions three to ten. Carpentier braked too late for the third corner and slid onto a run-off area but avoided striking the wall and reversed onto the track. The first red flag was waved for two minutes as Scott Dixon lost traction at the rear of his vehicle and went broadside into the turn one chicane. Dixon made minor contact with the barrier and stalled his car, requiring assistance from course officials. Carpentier spun for a second time at turn seven and briefly went airborne after driving over a kerb, breaking a front suspension wishbone. Da Matta ran deep at the turn fourteen hairpin and stalled, stopping the session for four minutes as course officials restarted his car.

The rain eased during the interval between the end of the first practice session and the start of the second session and it appeared that efforts to dry the track would commence. However, heavy rain returned to the area 15 minutes before second practice commenced and yellow flags were necessitated when it began, leading CART and track officials to try to stem the amount of running water on the track by sweeping it to the gutters and using a jet dryer to push it off the groove. The track was made drive-able as a consequence of the officials' work. The green flag was waved by series starter Jim Swintal 50 minutes after the session began to signal the start of practice at racing speeds. Five drivers elected to venture onto the track while the rest of the field stayed in the pit lane to be conservative. Casey Mears was fastest with a 1-minute, 57.751 seconds lap on his fourth try, more than 20 seconds slower than Vasser's first practice session lap. Tony Kanaan checked the functionality of his gearbox and was second-quickest, and Fittipaldi completed the lap-setting drivers.

The rain continued until 02:00 Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10:00) and the track was entirely dry with sunny skies before the start of the third practice session. Shinji Nakano and Kanaan went onto the run-off areas at turns eight and nine before the first red flag came for the latter when he slid entering turn two and collided heavily with the left-hand tyre barrier with his car's left-front corner and broke the suspension. A second red flag was necessitated when Tora Takagi slid through the left-hand turn four and glanced the right-hand barrier with his vehicle's right-front corner. Carpentier triggered the third stoppage after stalling in the centre of the circuit between turns four and five and his car was extricated by course officials. The final red flag was needed with 15 minutes left when Herta ran out of fuel and stalled leaving the fourth turn. Paul Tracy spun onto the turn three run-off area but avoid stalling his engine and continued without vehicle damage. De Ferran led the third practice session with a late lap time of 1 minute, 33.511 seconds, followed by Moreno, Franchitti, Castroneves, da Matta, Alex Tagliani, Max Papis, Oriol Servià, Vasser and Nakano.

Saturday afternoon's 75-minute qualifying session saw cars were divided into two groups of thirteen: group one had drivers ranked 13th through 26th in the points standings and those in 1st to 12th with the fastest non-top-12 drivers from the previous road course race in group two. Both groups were allowed half an hour of on-track time with a 15-minute interval between the two groups recording their fastest lap times to determine the event's starting order. Vasser was the first driver to record a benchmark lap when the first of five red flags was necessitated for Takagi who slid straight across the turn eight left-hander and into the right-hand tyre wall, damaging his car's right-front corner. The second came five minutes after the session restarted when Maurício Gugelmin lost traction in his car on the run into the eighth corner and made broad contact with a retaining wall with his car's right-hand side. Gugelmin was transported to hospital for a fractured bone in his right wrist. Barron went airborne when he rode the kerbs at the turn seven chicane and over-corrected en route to hitting the right-hand barrier. His car trailed fire with a broken oil line and the third red flag was consequently waved. The fourth stoppage was caused by Vasser who lost control of his car on the turn five kerbing and slid broadside into the left-hand wall, breaking his car's left-rear suspension and gearbox. Papis caused the final stoppage when he slid into the turn eleven tyre wall, removing his car's front-left wheel.

In his 100th CART start, Moreno took his second career pole position with a time of 1 minute, 32.095 seconds which he set on the session's final lap. He was joined on the grid's front row by de Ferran whose best time was 0.311 seconds slower and had the pole until Moreno's lap as de Ferran served an eight-minute penalty. Da Matta used his best tyres early on but it left him third since the maximum amount of tyre grip was lost due to the session's disruptions. Tracy took fourth on his final timed lap while Franchitti over-drove and locked his brakes for fifth. Andretti talked to his chief engineer Eddie Jones about changing his car setup during the interval between third practice and qualifying. He was cautious because he did not want to make an error and had not set a fast enough lap en route to sixth. Tagliani was on a new set of tyres towards qualifying's end when his engine lost around  due to a wedged butterfly engine valve leaving him seventh. Dixon was the highest-placed rookie in eighth and Carpentier qualified ninth. Vasser took tenth and Castroneves eleventh with Serviá 12th. Bräck qualified 13th after changing his car's front wheel and front-left suspension wishbone due to damage from an accident on his first lap. Behind them the rest of the field lined up as Papis, Fittipaldi, Jourdain, the Fernández Racing duo of Fernández and Nakano, Kanaan, Takagi, Bruno Junqueira, Herta, Gidley, Mears, Gugelmin and Barron.

Qualifying classification

Warm-up
The cars took to the track in dry, warm and clear weather at 10:00 local time for a half-hour warm-up session. Gugelmin was cleared to partake in the event by CART director of medical affairs Steve Olvey following fitness tests. Although he glanced the turn two left-hand barrier and punctured his front-left tyre five minutes in, Jourdain lapped fastest at 1 minute, 34.934 seconds. The Brazilian pair of Castroneves and Moreno were second and third. Serviá, da Matta, Carpentier, Vasser, Dixon, Bräck and Tracy made up positions four to ten. Carpentier ended the session two minutes early when he slid onto a run-off area at the third turn and stalled his engine.

Race
The weather at the start were dry and sunny, with an ambient temperature from  and the track temperature between . Approximately 110,187 people were in attendance. Starter Jim Swintal waved the green flag at 13:57 local time to signal begin the race. De Ferran accelerated faster than Moreno off the line and was ahead of him into the first corner. On the lap, the first caution was displayed when Mears tried to overtake Gidley on the right but braked too late and locked his tyres to avoid striking the rear of Herta's car. He spun on the outside at the turn one chicane and damaged the right-front corner of his car in an impact with a wall. Mears retired due to the damage to his car. He was transported to Allamanda Private Hospital for a precautionary x-ray and treatment to a swollen right index finger. Racing resumed at the start of the third lap as de Ferran led Moreno. On that lap, da Matta out-braked Tracy to pass on the left for fourth at turn three. De Ferran and Moreno began pulling away from the rest of the field, increasing their lead over da Matta to 3.473 seconds by the start of lap ten. Da Matta in turn drew clear from Tracy and Franchitti as Tagliani could not match the Team Green cars' pace. He was 12 seconds behind by lap 12.

In the meantime, 11th-placed Serviá informed his race engineer Phil Howard of a mechanical failure and stopped his car between turns five and six with a gearbox failure on lap eleven. Five laps later, Castroneves tried to pass Carpentier at turn five but locked his tyres and narrowly avoided hitting the rear of his car. He braked hard to pull back in line to protect eleventh from Bräck. Green flag pit stops began on lap 20 when Junqeuira entered the pit lane. Franchitti did the same on the next lap when a fuel pressure problem caused his engine to misfire forcing him to make his first stop three laps early. He glanced the turn eight barrier on lap 22 but continued without sustaining major car damage. De Ferran made his pit stop from first on the lap and gave the lead back to Moreno. He led lap 23 before entering the pit lane and relinquishing the lead to Dixon. The extra lap Moreno spent on the circuit put him ahead of de Ferran. On lap 24, the second caution was shown for an incident at turn four. Franchitti sought to recover lost ground when he glanced the turn four left wall and spun under heavy acceleration leaving the corner. He could not reverse out of the area and his car overheated. Franchitti's car was extricated by course officials to allow him to continue driving.

CART chief steward Chris Kneifel barred entry to the pit lane to all racers until the pace car picked up the race leader. Third-placed Carpentier was caught out by this and was sent to the rear of the pack. Takagi did the same but avoided a penalty because he drove through pit road. Moreno retook first place when Dixon made his pit stop for fuel and tyres on the 25th lap. Two laps later, the pace car was withdrawn and Moreno retained the lead with de Ferran second and da Matta third. Moreno began pulling away from the rest of the field. A frustrated Bräck attempted to pass Castroneves on the right but was forced onto the inside of the first chicane. This manoeuvre did not lose or gain any time for Bräck who overtook Castroneves soon after. Franchitti became the third retirement with an engine failure on lap 36. He pulled off onto the turn three run-off area so he could leave his car. On the 40th lap, Castroneves was in seventh when he spun onto the turn eight outside run-off area after brake locking. CART safety officials moved Castroneves' vehicle behind the wall, so his engine could be restarted. He fell to 22nd and a lap behind Moreno. De Ferran lowered Moreno's lead to 4.6 seconds by lap 46. Moreno slowed greatly on the backstraight leaving turn four after losing the use of second gear after feeling a vibration.

The second round of green flag pit stops began on the same lap when de Ferran and Tracy entered the pit lane. On lap 47, Moreno lost the lead to da Matta who overtook him on the left of turn five. Andretti and Tagliani made their pit stops from fourth and fifth on lap 48, exiting in sixth and eighth respectively. Da Matta and Moreno entered the pit lane the lap after and returned to the track in fourth and sixth respectively. Vasser led the next two laps until he made his pit stop and Dixon took over the position for one lap. After the pit stops ended on the 52nd lap, da Matta regained the lead by 6.3 seconds over Andretti. On lap 53, Moreno began to slow because his gearbox lost oil pressure and he was instructed to retire for safety reasons on the next lap. Tagliani overtook de Ferran for second leaving turn four on lap 54 as the Penske experienced brake fade. Tracy passed de Ferran for fifth on the 55th lap. Team Penske owner Roger Penske suggested that de Ferran fall behind Bräck; de Ferran was hesitant to do so as he felt he was faster than Bräck despite his braking problems. Two laps later, Junqueira struck the right-hand barrier going into turn three and, onto a nearby run-off area and retired due to car damage. He was unhurt. By this point, Andretti reduced da Matta's lead to 4.6 seconds, but his team radioed Andretti that he needed to conserve fuel to finish.

With two laps to go, Dixon slowed with a gearbox problem exiting turn three and fell from eighth to fifteenth. On the final lap, Tracy's car had a sudden rear bay fire ino turn eight and he stopped on the start/finish straight. Tracy exited his vehicle, and CART safety officials quickly extinguished the fire. Unchallenged in the final five laps, da Matta crossed the start/finish line after 65 laps to claim his second victory of the season and the third of his career. Andretti followed 5.786 seconds later in second with Tagliani third. De Ferran finished fourth to win the CART Drivers' Champion for the second successive year as Bräck could not catch his points total with one race remaining. Bräck, Vasser, Jourdain, Fittipaldi, Papis and Gidley rounded out the top ten. Carpentier, Nakano, Barron and Tracy filled positions eleven to fourteen. Although Dixon came 15th and scored no points, he won the Rookie of the Year award. The final finishers were Takagi, Kanaan, Herta, Fernández and Castroneves. There were eight lead changes among five different drivers. Moreno led the most laps of any other driver, with 24. Da Matta led twice for a total of 16 laps.

Post-race

Da Matta earned $100,000 for winning the race. He said, "I think my performance is related to the number of people at the races. There were a lot of people in Mexico as well as here today. I think I'm the kind of guy that likes to show off. It's awesome to win in front of a bunch of people. You can feel the excitement. I'm still looking for my big win of the season in the United States though. I'll go back to Fontana for my last chance to do it this season. The team really needed the win and we hope to carry the momentum to the end of the year." Andretti congratulated de Ferran on his championship victory but had mixed feelings over finishing second, "It was a pretty good day. It was a pretty quiet day, but we got pretty lucky before that first yellow. A lot of guys got caught when they closed the pits, but that helped us a little bit." Third-placed Tagliani spoke of his satisfaction with his performance, "I worked real hard for this one, and my crew did its usual outstanding job. Over the last eight qualifying sessions, I’ve been able to be in the fast group and that has enabled me to start closer to the front. Plus, we’ve had a very competitive car for practically every race. If we start next season the way we’re ending this year, we should be in for a great season."

After finishing the race, de Ferran began celebrating his second consecutive CART Drivers' Championship, earning him $1 million. During the celebration, team owner Roger Penske commended de Ferran's perseverance, "Gil did a super job. He came from behind in the points and was fast and consistent when he needed to be. Gil had a lot of pressure on him. It's nice that the championship didn't go down to the wire." De Ferran stated he was "living in a dream" and saw his CART success as comparable to winning the Formula One World Championship, "Certainly, my career was all geared toward going F1, but I can't complain because any driver wants to drive for an operation such as Penske or (F1 front-runners) Williams, Ferrari and McLaren. In a way, I see the Penske organization in a similar light. Penske has not operated in F1 since , but it's a great racing group." Bräck said he was disappointed to lose the championship and put it down to his lack of road course success. Nevertheless, he praised de Ferran and vowed to return to contention in the 2002 season, "We came up short and that's not good, but there are still have a lot of good things from this season that will carry through for me. We'll have to try to win it next year.

The result of the race won de Ferran the Drivers' Championship with 191 points. Bräck was second with 28 less points; Castroneves maintained third position, but Andretti's second-place finish tied him with Castroneves on points. Da Matta overtook Franchitti for fifth with 120 points. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Toyota passed Ford Cosworth for second as leaders Honda led by 34 points. Reynard still led the Manufacturers' Championship with an unchallenged lead of 49 points over Lola with one race remaining in the season.

Race classification

 —Includes one bonus point for leading the most laps.
 —Includes one bonus point for being the fastest qualifier.

Standings after the race

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for the drivers' standings.

References

Honda Indy 300
Honda Indy 300
Gold Coast Indy 300
October 2001 sports events in Australia


Army Council may refer to:
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 IRA Army Council, of the Provisional Irish Republican Army
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