Polly-O is an American brand of cheese products, currently owned by BelGioioso Cheese Inc. The original Polly-O manufacturing company had been established in 1899, operating independently until it was acquired by Kraft Foods Inc. in 1986. Kraft owned it until 2020, when it sold its natural cheese division to Groupe Lactalis. In 2021, Groupe Lactalis entered into a purchase agreement with Belgioioso to sell Polly-O, as a requirement by the US Department of Justice's antitrust review of Lactalis's purchase from Kraft Heinz.

Overview

Polly-O was started by Giuseppe Pollio in Brooklyn in 1899 and bought by Kraft Foods in 1986. Pollio brought his family's traditional cheese-making Italian traditions to America with him. About 100 years ago when Pollio first came to America, he went to Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York and set up his ricotta and mozzarella kettles on the beach after coming through Ellis Island. The Pollio company changed its name to Polly-O in the 1940s to due to the original name's similarity to the polio epidemic.

Polly-O cheese is sold in many US grocery chain stores and is well known for its ricotta, mozzarella, and string cheeses. Most Polly-O cheese is manufactured in Campbell, New York. Polly-O is one of the largest producers of Italian cheeses. This company produces almost one hundred million pounds of cheese each year.  Huffington Post calls the company's string cheese line "a work of art".

References

External links

 New York Times interview with Polly-O vice president Mark Pettie, March 8, 1998

Food and drink companies established in 1899
Snack food manufacturers of the United States
1899 establishments in New York City


Phragmites australis, known as the common reed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is a wetland grass that can grow up to  tall and has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.

Description
Phragmites australis commonly forms extensive stands (known as reed beds), which may be as much as  or more in extent. Where conditions are suitable it can also spread at  or more per year by horizontal runners, which put down roots at regular intervals. It can grow in damp ground, in standing water up to  or so deep, or even as a floating mat. The erect stems grow to  tall, with the tallest plants growing in areas with hot summers and fertile growing conditions.

The leaves are  long and  broad. The flowers are produced in late summer in a dense, dark purple panicle, about  long. Later the numerous long, narrow, sharp pointed spikelets appear greyer due to the growth of long, silky hairs. These eventually help disperse the minute seeds.

Taxonomy
Recent studies have characterized morphological distinctions between the introduced and native stands of Phragmites australis in North America. The Eurasian phenotype can be distinguished from the North American phenotype by its shorter ligules of up to  as opposed to over 1 mm, shorter glumes of under  against over 3.2 mm (although there is some overlap in this character), and in culm characteristics.

 Phragmites australis subsp. americanus – the North American genotype has been described as a distinct species, Phragmites americanus
 Phragmites australis subsp. australis – the Eurasian genotype
 Phragmites australis subsp. berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Saltonst. & Hauber
 Phragmites australis subsp. isiacus (Arcang.) ined.

Ecology
It is a helophyte (aquatic plant), especially common in alkaline habitats, and it also tolerates brackish water, and so is often found at the upper edges of estuaries and on other wetlands (such as grazing marsh) which are occasionally inundated by the sea. A study demonstrated that P. australis has similar greenhouse gas emissions to native Spartina alterniflora. However, other studies have demonstrated that it is associated with larger methane emissions and greater carbon dioxide uptake than native New England salt marsh vegetation that occurs at higher marsh elevations.

Common reed is suppressed where it is grazed regularly by livestock. Under these conditions it either grows as small shoots within the grassland sward, or it disappears altogether. In Europe, common reed is rarely invasive, except in damp grasslands where traditional grazing has been abandoned.

Invasive status
In North America, the status of Phragmites australis is a source of confusion and debate. It is commonly considered a non-native and often invasive species, introduced from Europe in the 1800s. However, there is evidence of the existence of Phragmites as a native plant in North America long before European colonization of the continent. The North American native subspecies, P. a. subsp. americanus (sometimes considered a separate species, P. americanus), is markedly less vigorous than European forms. The expansion of Phragmites in North America is due to the more vigorous, but similar-looking European subsp. australis.

Phragmites australis subsp. australis outcompetes native vegetation and lowers the local plant biodiversity. It forms dense thickets of vegetation that are unsuitable habitat for native fauna. It displaces native plants species such as wild rice, cattails, and native orchids. Phragmites has a high above ground biomass that blocks light to other plants allowing areas to turn into Phragmites monoculture very quickly. Decomposing Phragmites increases the rate of marsh accretion more rapidly than would occur with native marsh vegetation.

Phragmites australis subsp. australis is causing serious problems for many other North American hydrophyte wetland plants, including the native P. australis subsp. americanus. Gallic acid released by phragmites is degraded by ultraviolet light to produce mesoxalic acid, effectively hitting susceptible plants and seedlings with two harmful toxins. Phragmites is so difficult to control that one of the most effective methods of eradicating the plant is to burn it over 2–3 seasons. The roots grow so deep and strong that one burn is not enough. Ongoing research suggests that goats could be effectively used to control the species.

Natural enemies
Since 2017, over 80% of the beds of Phragmites in the Pass a Loutre Wildlife Management Area have been damaged by the invasive roseau cane scale (Nipponaclerda biwakoensis), threatening wildlife habitat throughout the affected regions of the area. While typically considered a noxious weed, in Louisiana the reed beds are considered critical to the stability of the shorelines of wetland areas and waterways of the Mississippi Delta, and the die-off of reed beds is believed to accelerate coastal erosion.

Uses
The entire plant is edible raw or cooked. The young stems can be boiled, or later on be used to make flour. The underground stems can be used but are tough, as can the seeds but they are hard to find.

Stems can be made into eco-friendly drinking straws. Many parts of the plant can be eaten. The young shoots can be consumed raw or cooked. The hardened sap from damaged stems can be eaten fresh or toasted. The stems can be dried, ground, sifted, hydrated, and toasted like marshmallows. The seeds can be crushed, mixed with berries and water, and cooked to make a gruel. The roots can be prepared similar to those of cattails.

Common reed is the primary source of thatch for traditional thatch housing in Europe and beyond. The plant is extensively used in phytodepuration, or natural water treatment systems, since the root hairs are excellent at filtering out impurities in waste water. It also shows excellent potential as a source of biomass.

References

Further reading

Molinieae
Aquatic plants
Edible plants
Halophytes
Flora of Malta
Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles


This is a list of the counties of the United Kingdom. The history of local government in the United Kingdom differs between England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and the subnational divisions within these which have been called counties have varied over time and by purpose. The county has formed the upper tier of local government over much of the United Kingdom at one time or another, and has been used for a variety of other purposes, such as for Lord Lieutenants, land registration and postal delivery. This list is split by constituent country, time period and purpose.

England

Changes between the 1990s and 2009 subdivided the short-lived non-metropolitan counties of Cleveland and Humberside into unitary authorities, but the former county names continue for fire services and police forces (see ). Similarly the short-lived county of Avon provides part of the area and name of Avon and Somerset Police and its area is roughly that of the Avon Fire and Rescue Service.

The historic counties of Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Huntingdonshire and Middlesex are the five defunct ceremonial counties which were historically counties. With their abolition as ceremonial counties, Yorkshire is divided for that purpose into the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire. Cumberland and Westmorland were combined with a former exclave of Lancashire to form Cumbria, Huntingdonshire merged into Cambridgeshire, and the vastly greater part of Middlesex became part of Greater London.

Contemporary reference to the Isle of Ely and nearby Soke of Peterborough has been very rare since the early 20th century and they have scant public resonance. The counties marked in italics below are neither ceremonial nor historic.

The list does not include the 61 county boroughs (1889–1974) or the 18 counties corporate (before 1889), each of which was an administrative county for a single town or city, within a larger "county-at-large".

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

See also
Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom
List of United Kingdom county nicknames
Counties of Ireland
 Alias Data

References

Counties of the United Kingdom


EuroLeague Women 2007–08 Knockout Stage are the main rounds of EuroLeague Women 2007-08, included Eighth-Finals and Quarter-Finals.

Elimination rounds

Eighth-Finals

First leg
February 5, 2008

Second leg
February 8, 2008

Third leg
February 13, 2008

Quarter-finals

First leg

February 26, 2008

Second leg
February 29, 2008

Third leg
March 5, 2008

Knockout
2007–08 in Russian basketball
2007–08 in French basketball
2007–08 in Turkish basketball
2007–08 in Hungarian basketball
2007–08 in Italian basketball
2007–08 in Spanish women's basketball
2007–08 in Czech basketball
2007–08 in Lithuanian basketball
2007–08 in Polish basketball


Themeda is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia, Africa, Australia, and Papuasia. There are about 18 to 26 species, many of which are native to Southeast Asia.

 Species
 Themeda anathera (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - Afghanistan, Himalayas, Tibet
 Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. - Christmas grass - Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, northern Australia
 Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A.Camus - Indochina, southern China, Indian Subcontinent, Malaysia, Indonesia
 Themeda avenacea (F. Muell.) Maiden & Betche - oat kangaroo grass  - Australia
 Themeda caudata (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) A.Camus - Indochina, southern China, Himalayas, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
 Themeda cymbaria Hack. - Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Kerala
 Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack.  - Southeast Asia, Papuasia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu
 Themeda helferi Hack. -  Myanmar, Andaman Islands, Yunnan
 Themeda hookeri (Griseb.) A.Camus - Tibet, Yunnan, eastern Himalayas
 Themeda huttonensis Bor - Assam
 Themeda idjensis Jansen  - Java Timur, Bali
 Themeda intermedia (Hack.) Bor  - Southeast Asia, China, Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, Queensland, Vanuatu
 Themeda laxa (Andersson) A.Camus Indian Subcontinent
 Themeda minor L.Liou - Tibet
 Themeda mooneyi Bor - Odisha
 Themeda novoguineensis (Reeder) Jansen - Papua New Guinea, Lesser Sunda Islands
 Themeda palakkadensis Chorghe, Prasad & Lakshminarasimhan - Kerala
 Themeda pseudotremula Potdar et al. - Maharashtra
 Themeda quadrivalvis- grader grass (L.) Kuntze - Indian Subcontinent,  Myanmar, Andaman Islands; naturalized in Socotra, South Africa, eastern Indochina, Papuasia, Queensland, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, various islands (Indian and Pacific Oceans, West Indies)
 Themeda sabarimalayana Sreek. & V.J.Nair - India
 Themeda saxicola Bor - Odisha
 Themeda strigosa (Ham. ex Hook.f.) A.Camus - India, Bangladesh
 Themeda tremula (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
 Themeda triandra Forssk.- kangaroo grass, red grass, rooigras  - Africa (from Morocco to KwaZulu-Natal), Asia (from  Yemen to Japan to Maluku), Australia, New Guinea
 Themeda trichiata S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang - Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan
 Themeda unica S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang  - Anhui, Zhejiang
 Themeda villosa (Poir.) A.Camus - silky kangaroo grass, Lyon's grass - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea
 Themeda yunnanensis S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang - Yunnan

 Formerly included
See Elymandra, Germainia, Hyparrhenia, Iseilema

References

Andropogoneae
Grasses of Africa
Grasses of Asia
Grasses of Oceania
Poaceae genera


Blue Hawk may refer to:
Blue Hawk Mine, Blue Grouse Mountain, British Columbia, Canada
Blue Hawk (roller coaster), at  Six Flags Over Georgia, Georgia, U.S.
Blue Hawk (video game)
Blue Hawk, brand of Artex Ltd.

See also
Blue hawker, a species of hawker dragonfly


Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), also referred to as Murray's reagent in reference to Robert W. Murray, is a dioxirane derived from acetone and can be considered as a monomer of acetone peroxide. It is a powerful yet selective oxidizing agent which finds use in organic synthesis. It is known only in the form of a dilute solution, usually in acetone, and hence the properties of the pure material are largely unknown.

Synthesis
DMDO is not commercially available because of its instability. DMDO can be prepared as dilute solutions (~0.1 M) by treatment of acetone with potassium peroxymonosulfate , usually in the form of Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4).

The preparation of DMDO is rather inefficient (typical yields < 3%) and typically only yields a relatively dilute solution in acetone (only up to approximately 0.1 M).  This is tolerable as preparation uses inexpensive substances: acetone, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium peroxymonosulfate (commercially known as "oxone").  The solution can be stored at low temperatures and its concentration may be assayed immediately prior to its use.

The more active compound methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane  can be similarly prepared from methyl trifluoromethyl ketone.

Stability
Solutions are stable under refrigeration (−10 to −20 °C) for up to a week. The rate of decomposition will increase upon exposure to light or heavy metals.

Uses
The most common use for DMDO is the oxidation of alkenes to epoxides.  One particular advantage of using DMDO is that the only byproduct of oxidation is acetone, a fairly innocuous and volatile compound. DMDO oxidations are particularly mild, sometimes allowing oxidations which might not otherwise be possible. In fact, DMDO is considered the reagent of choice for epoxidation, and in nearly all circumstances is as good as or better than peroxyacids such as meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA).

Despite its high reactivity, DMDO displays good selectivity for olefins. Typically, electron deficient olefins are oxidized more slowly than electron rich ones.  DMDO will also oxidize several other functional groups.  For example, DMDO will oxidize primary amines to nitro compounds and sulfides to sulfoxides.  In some cases, DMDO will even oxidize unactivated C-H bonds:

DMDO can also be used to convert nitro compounds to carbonyl compounds (Nef reaction).

See also
 Shi epoxidation

References

Reagents for organic chemistry
Organic peroxides
Dioxiranes
Oxidizing agents


HMS Southampton was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Southampton on 10 June 1693.

She underwent a rebuild at Deptford in 1700 as a fourth rate of between 46 and 54 guns. Southampton was hulked in 1728, and continued in this role until 1771, when she was broken up.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


The Football Conference season of 1993–94 was the fifteenth season of the Football Conference, also known as the GM Vauxhall Conference for sponsorship reasons.

Overview
Kidderminster Harriers finished the season as Conference champions, but were unable to gain promotion to the Football League as their stadium failed to meet capacity requirements. As a result, the bottom placed Third Division club Northampton Town avoided relegation to the Conference.

New teams in the league this season
 Halifax Town (relegated from the Football League 1992–93)
 Dover Athletic (promoted 1992–93)
 Southport (promoted 1992–93)

Final  league table

Results

Promotion and relegation

Promoted
 Farnborough Town (from the Southern Premier League)
 Stevenage Borough (from the Isthmian League)

Relegated
 Slough Town (to the Isthmian League)
 Witton Albion (to the Northern Premier League)

Top scorers in order of league goals

References

External links
 1993–94 Conference National Results

National League (English football) seasons
5


Paul Wesley "Doc" Evans (June 20, 1907 – January 10, 1977) was an American jazz cornetist.

Evans was born in Spring Valley, Minnesota. the son of a Methodist minister. He learned piano and drums as a child, and played saxophone in high school. He graduated from Carleton College with a B.A. in English, and played with the Carleton Collegians dance band there. He gave up saxophone in the late 1920s for cornet, and played Dixieland jazz regularly in Minneapolis at that time.

Evans continued to play through the Great Depression, turning down offers to play outside of the Midwest. In 1947, he led the band that played for the opening of Chicago's Jazz, Ltd. club upon being persuaded by clarinetist Bill Reinhardt. He worked in Chicago until 1952, and then embarked on nationwide tours, recording frequently along the way. Evans recorded as a leader for Disc Records in 1947, and for Joco Records, based in Northfield, Minnesota, in 1949-1950. In August, 1953, Evans gave a series of concerts at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These concerts were recorded, and issued on LP by Soma Recording Company, based in Minneapolis. Evans also recorded extensively for Audiophile Records.

He returned to Minneapolis and continued playing jazz up until his last recordings in 1975. He also founded the Bloomington Symphony Orchestra and conducted it until his death, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

In 1999, a yearly Doc Evans Jazz Festival was founded in Minnesota that ran for nine years.

A website, docevans.com is maintained by his son, Allan Evans.

References

1907 births
1977 deaths
American jazz cornetists
20th-century American musicians
People from Spring Valley, Minnesota
Jazz musicians from Minnesota
Tempo Records (US) artists


The 27 Infantry Division (Polish: 27 Dywizja Piechoty), was a unit of the Polish Army in the inter-war period. It was created on 18 October 1920, as a result of reorganization of the Army, from units of the 2nd I.D., 3rd I.D., and 13th I.D. Its headquarters were located in Kowel, with units stationed in other Volhynian towns, such as Lutsk, Sarny and Wlodzimierz Wolynski. Division's first commandant was General Gustaw Kuchinka.

Participation in Polish September Campaign
The Division, under General Juliusz Drapella, was mobilized between 14 and 16 August 1939. In the following days it was transported by rail to the area of Bydgoszcz and Inowrocław, and finally, by 27 August, it was placed southwest of Starogard Gdański, as part of the Pomorze Army.

On 1 September 1939 (see: Polish September Campaign) the Division was ordered to march towards Toruń. The next day it engaged in heavy fights with the advancing Wehrmacht. On the third day of the war, it was cut off from the Pomorze Army after bloody fights around Terespol Pomorski and Świecie.  The Germans managed to destroy the bulk of the unit in a battle waged in forests around Wierzchucin. Remaining parts of the Division managed to reach Bydgoszcz and later Toruń. There, the Division was moved to the rear to reorganize and recuperate.

On 6 September, the Division, renamed into Operational Group of General Drapella and strengthened by reserve units including the 208th Infantry Regiment from Inowrocław and National Defence Battalion Starogard, was ordered to defend Toruń from west. The next day, it began a retreat towards Warsaw, covering the main forces of the Pomorze Army. During the following days, it helped Polish units fighting in the Battle of the Bzura, engaging the Wehrmacht around Solec Kujawski (7–8 September), Włocławek and Brześć Kujawski (9–12 September). Withdrawing towards southeast, it attacked a German outpost near Płock, but without success.

On 16 September, the Group was ordered to march towards Gąbin, but was attacked by the Luftwaffe and German ground forces.  The Group was destroyed. Separate smaller groups of soldiers managed to break to the besieged fortress of Modlin.  Other survivors made it to Warsaw.

Around 19 September, a member of the Division wrapped and buried the Division's flag to prevent its capture by German forces. The flag was discovered in September 1959 and was put on display in the Polish Army Museum.

Recreation in 1944
In early 1944, the Division was recreated as Polish 27th Home Army Infantry Division and it was the biggest partisan unit in Central Europe with 7,300 soldiers.

See also
 Polish army order of battle in 1939
 Polish contribution to World War II
 List of Polish divisions in World War II

References

27th
27th
Military units and formations established in 1920
1920 establishments in Poland
Military units and formations disestablished in 1939


Adoption disclosure refers to the official release of information relating to the legal adoption of a child.  Throughout much of the 20th century, many Western countries had legislation intended to prevent adoptees and adoptive families from knowing the identities of birth parents and vice versa.  After a decline in the social stigma surrounding adoption, many Western countries changed laws to allow for the release of formerly secret birth information, usually with limitations.

History
Though adoption is an ancient practice, the notion of formal laws intended to solidify the adoption by restricting information exchange is comparatively young.  In most Western countries until the 1960s and 1970s, adoption bore with it a certain stigma as it was associated in the popular mind with illegitimacy, orphanhood, and premarital or extramarital sex.  Unmarried pregnant women were often sent elsewhere from the latter stages of pregnancy until birth, with the intent of concealing the pregnancy from family and neighbours.

The passage of legislation which solidified the secrecy of adoption for both parties was regarded as a social good: it attempted to ensure the shame associated with adoption was a one-time event and prevent disputes over the child.  The legislation was also influenced by prevailing psychological beliefs in social determinism: believers in social determinism felt that adoptees' origins and genetics were irrelevant to their future except perhaps for medical purposes.

Many instances of such legislation did allow for "non-identifying information", generalized background information about birth parents collected by adoption workers, which by deliberate design did not identify them.

Responses to secrecy provisions
As many adoptees and birth families were curious about one another, various attempts were made to work around these provisions.  Two common approaches were contributing to passive registries and initiating active searches.

Passive registry
A passive registry or adoption reunion registry is a double-blind list, in which participants may opt to join.  If Alice joins and specifies she is interested in meeting Bob, one of two things may happen.  If Bob has already joined and indicated he wishes to meet Alice, contact between them is arranged.  Otherwise, Alice simply waits on the list until Bob should decide to join. Many adoption reunion registries have been created since the 1950s, from those that are part of adoption search and support group membership services, to internet registries and state sponsored registries. The oldest and largest independent registry is ISRR - the International Soundex Reunion Registry, Inc. founded in 1975.

Active searches
An active search is a conscious effort to find a birth family member or adoptee with whatever knowledge is available.

Types of disclosure
A typical problem with disclosure is balancing the desire for information with the promises, explicit or implicit, that have been made to parties in the past.

Disclosure veto
With a disclosure veto, the government announces that Bob's name will be available to Alice upon her request after a certain date.  If Bob does not want contact from Alice, he may issue a written veto before this date elapses.  If he does not do this, his name will be released upon Alice's request.

Contact veto
With a contact veto, Bob has no means of preventing Alice from learning his name upon her request.  However, he can issue a veto of sorts preventing her from attempting to contact him after she learns his name.

See also
Closed adoption
Adoption Information Disclosure Act
American Adoption Congress AAC
Bastard Nation
Adoption Disclosure Register (Ontario)
International Soundex Reunion Registry ISRR

References

External links
American Adoption Congress
International Soundex Reunion Registry ISRR
State Laws
TRIADOPTION Archives
Adoption Disclosure Laws in 50 states

Adoption reunion
Disclosure


is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, boats, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the  and later the . In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

Motorcycles

Kawasaki's Aircraft Company began the development of a motorcycle engine in 1949. The development was completed in 1952 and mass production started in 1953. The engine was an air-cooled, 148 cc, OHV, four-stroke single cylinder with a maximum power of  at 4,000 rpm. In 1954, the first complete Kawasaki Motorcycle was produced under the name of Meihatsu, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Aircraft. In 1960, Kawasaki completed construction of a factory dedicated exclusively to motorcycle production and bought Meguro Motorcycles.

All-terrain vehicles and utility vehicles

Kawasaki's first ATV was the three-wheeled KLT200, which debuted in 1981. Its first four-wheel ATV, the Bayou 185, was introduced in 1985 and in 1989, its first model with four-wheel-drive, the Bayou 300 4x4. Today, Kawasaki's ATV line-up includes a wide range of recreational and utility ATVs.

Kawasaki's MULE (Multi-Use Light Equipment) utility vehicle combines an ATV with a pick-up truck. The first MULE was produced in 1988. Kawasaki now calls their utility vehicles "side-by-side" vehicles.

Watercraft

In 1973, Kawasaki introduced a limited production of stand-up models as designed by the recognized inventor of jet skis, Clayton Jacobson II. In 1976, Kawasaki then began mass production of the JS400-A.  JS400s came with 400 cc two-stroke engines and hulls based upon the previous limited release models.  It became the harbinger of the success Jet-Skis would see in the market up through the 1990s.
In 1986 Kawasaki broadened the world of Jet Skis by introducing a two-person model with lean-in "sport" style handling and a 650 cc engine, dubbed the Kawasaki X2. Then in 1989, they introduced their first two-passenger "sit-down" model, the Tandem Sport (TS) with a step-through seating area.

In 2003, Kawasaki celebrated the Jet Ski brand by releasing a special 30th anniversary edition of its current stand-up model, the SX-R, which has seen a revival of interest in stand-up jetskiing.  The X-2 has also been updated, based on the SX-R platform and re-released in Japan.  Kawasaki continues to produce three models of sit-downs, including many four-stroke models.
The four stroke engines have come on since the late 1990s; with the help of superchargers and the like the engines can output up to  as seen in the Kawasaki Ultra 300x.

Jet Ski is the brand name of personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki. The name, however, has become a genericized trademark for any type of personal watercraft.

Racing

Kawasaki's traditional racing colour is green. Many Kawasaki racing teams are called Team Green. The "Monster Energy Kawasaki Team Green™" provides a support program developing amateur motocross racers.

Grand Prix, MotoGP
Kawasaki's first title was with Dave Simmonds in 1969 when they won the 125 cc World Championship. Kawasaki dominated the 250 cc and 350 cc grand prix classes from 1978 to 1982 winning four titles in each category.

With the introduction of the four-stroke engines into MotoGP in 2002, Kawasaki decided to take part in the new MotoGP World Championship. Kawasaki entered the championship in 2003 with 250 cc Grand Prix racer Harald Eckl's Team Eckl.

In 2003, the Kawasaki Racing Team was formed after Kawasaki had developed their new 990cc ZX-RR bike throughout 2002 and raced it in the last three races of the 2002 MotoGP season. The racing activities were managed by Harald Eckl's team based in Germany. It was not until 2004 that Kawasaki had two riders - Alex Hofmann and Shinya Nakano, who raced for the entire season. Nakano placed 3rd in Japan that year achieving Kawasaki's first podium finish in MotoGP.

In 2007, Kawasaki split from Harald Eckl because of Eckl's involvement with a competitor's MotoGP activities, which forced Kawasaki to terminate the relationship immediately. Kawasaki formed Kawasaki Motors Racing, a European subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries responsible for managing the racing activities of the MotoGP team and any other motorcycle racing activities Kawasaki may enter in the future. For the first time since Kawasaki returned to the premier class of motorcycle racing, the team became a complete ‘in house’ factory team.

On January 9, 2009, Kawasaki announced it had decided to "... suspend its MotoGP racing activities from 2009 season onward and reallocate management resources more efficiently". The company stated that it will continue racing activities using mass-produced motorcycles as well as supporting general race oriented consumers.

 Grand Prix motorcycle racing

Superbike

Kawasaki's involvement in the World Superbike Championship started in  with the USA-based Team Muzzy Kawasaki, which managed the superbike activities until . Between  and , Kawasaki gave factory backing to the Harald Eckl's team, based in Germany, while Muzzy focused on the AMA Superbike domestic series.
From 2003 to 2008, only privateer teams like Bertocchi and PSG-1 entered the world championship, with small factory support.
In , Kawasaki officially returned to SBK with Paul Bird Motorsport, but after three seasons, in , Kawasaki switched the factory support to the Spanish-based Provec Racing team.

Kawasaki has won several superbike racing championships. They won the rider's Superbike World Championship in  with Scott Russell, two decades later in  with Tom Sykes, and six times consecutively in , , , , , and  with Jonathan Rea. The manufacturer has also claimed nine AMA Superbike Championships with riders such as Reg Pridmore, Eddie Lawson, Wayne Rainey, Scott Russell, and Doug Chandler. During the 1990s, they also dominated the Endurance World Championship.

 Superbike World Championship

 AMA Superbike Championship

 Endurance World Championship

Supertwin
Kawasaki machinery has been pivotal in the development of Supertwin racing. The racing machines are developed from the Kawasaki 650cc parallel twin commuter bike (ER6-n or ER6-f). The machines are then transformed through development into an 85 bhp race bike with top end speeds in excess of 150 mph.

The KMR Kawasaki Racing Team are one of the leading race teams in the category, whose team members include Ryan Farquhar and Jeremy McWilliams.

 Isle of Man TT Supertwin Race

Isle of Man TT
Kawasaki has enjoyed numerous successes at the Isle of Man TT Races. The marque has notched up a total of 34 victories which include 3 victories in the Sidecar TT. Notable achievements include Mick Grant's 1975 outright lap record of , finally beating the previous record set by Mike Hailwood and which had stood since 1967.

Motocross
Riders on Kawasaki motorcycles won races in the British Motocross Championship, Motocross des Nations, AMA Supercross Championship, Sidecarcross and Supermoto.

Championship wins:
 1995 Stefan Everts, FIM Motocross World Championship (250cc)
 29 times the AMA Motocross Championship

See also

 Kawasaki Motors Racing
 List of Kawasaki motorcycles

References

External links

Kawasaki Heavy Industries

Motorcycle manufacturers of Japan
Manufacturing companies based in Kobe
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Motor vehicle engine manufacturers

fr:Kawasaki Heavy Industries#Moto


Kittson may refer to:

 Kittson County, Minnesota, United States
 USS Kittson (APA-123), a Haskell-class attack transport
 Kittson (processor), the codename for the Itanium 9700 processor series by Intel

People with the surname
 Jean Kittson (born 1955), Australian multi-talented performer and writer
 Norman Kittson (1814-1888), American fur trader, steamboat-line operator, and railway entrepreneur

See also

 Kitson (disambiguation)


Amisho Baraka Lewis (born January 10, 1979), better known by his stage name Sho Baraka, is an American Christian hip-hop artist and writer who has recorded both independently and as a founding member of the 116 Clique. He was originally signed to Reach Records until leaving in March 2011. He then co-founded a record label and group known as "High Society" with fellow Christian rappers JR, Swoope, and Suzy Rock. His debut album Turn My Life Up was released in November 2007. His second album Lions and Liars, was released March 2010. His third album Talented Xth was released in January 2013. His fourth album, The Narrative, was released in October 2016.

Biography
Sho Baraka was born Amisho Baraka Lewis in Alberta, Canada on January 10, 1979. Sho was introduced to hip hop at a young age. He was raised in Southern California during the height of gangsta rap which inspired  Sho and some friends from his neighborhood in high school, formed a rap group that began touring with major recording artists. The rap group soon ended and many of Sho's close friends were killed or incarcerated. He decided to follow his father's advice and attend college, getting accepted into Tuskegee University. There he came into contact with Lecrae and Tedashii and eventually the 116 Clique and Reach Records were formed.

While attending Tuskegee, Sho converted to Christianity.

Leaving Reach Records and new website
On April 13, 2011, Rapzilla posted a blog from Sho stating that he planned to leave Reach Records after four years and two albums with the label. Although he is leaving the Reach label, Sho said he would continue to be an artist with Reach booking and continue to do concert dates and events with the label through 2011. He would also be featured on Reach projects released through the year. Sho is now a part of the music & art group High Society with Swoope, J.R., & Suzy Rock. Lewis announced that he would release a new album, Talented Xth, on January 1, 2013.

On June 14, 2016, he signed with Christian hip-hop label, Humble Beast.

Cameos
Sho can be spotted as Trip Lee's fictional boss in the video for Lee's song The Invasion (hero) off the album Between Two Worlds. Sho was in the music video for Lecrae's lead single, "Don't Waste Your Life" from his 2008 album, Rebel, as a former gang member of Lecrae's who escaped arrest years before. Lecrae portrayed a converted Christian, writing to Sho's character about how God had changed his life.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles
 "Word" (featuring Charisse Beaumont)
 "We Can Be More" (featuring J.R.)
 "Maranatha"
 "Their Eyes Were Watching"
 "After the Funeral"
  "Real Ones Winning" (featuring Avila)

Guest appearances
"WLAK" (Swoope featuring Alex Faith & Christon Gray)
"The Church" (Lecrae)
"In Ya Hood (Cypha Remix)" (Tedashii featuring Trip Lee, Lecrae, Thi'sl & Json)
"It's Your World" (Lecrae featuring Redeemed Thought)
"His Love Won't Let You Down" (Dillon Chase featuring Keynon Akers)
"Back Up" (Cam featuring Tedashii)
"Come Close" (Trip Lee featuring FLAME)
"Live Free" (Lecrae featuring Jai)
"Glorious" (DJ Morphiziz)
"Community" (Tedashii featuring Stephen the Levite)
"Eyes Open (Remix)" (DJ Official featuring Trip Lee)
"Chaos" (DJ Official)
"No No No" (R-Swift featuring Jahaziel & Monty G)
"Feel So Alone" (Benjah featuring Conviction & Ms. Lulu)
"Back To School" (S.O.)
"I Love Music" (Trip Lee)
"High" (Lecrae featuring Suzy Rock)
"Fools Gold" (Andy Mineo featuring Sho Baraka and Swoope)
"This is the Life" (Tedashii featuring L2)
"Brilliant Realness" (theBREAX)
"Don't Mean Much" (KB featuring Mitch Parks from After Edmund)
"Power Trip" (Lecrae featuring PRo and Andy Mineo)
"Cynical" (Propaganda featuring Aaron Marsh)

With the 116 Clique
 116 Clique: The Compilation Album (2005)
 116 Clique: The Compilation Album: Special Edition: Chopped & Screwed By DJ Primo (2006)
 13 Letters (2007)
 Amped (2007)
 Man up  (2011)

With High Society
 Circa MMXI: The Collective (2012)

With JAMM as Hello Revolution
 Protest Package 1 EP (2012)

Mixtapes
 Barakaology (2009; free download)
 We Can Be More Remixes mixtape (2010)

Filmography

Videography
2006 – 116 Clique – "116 Clique Video"

See also

References

1979 births
Living people
African-American rappers
African-American Christians
American evangelicals
Canadian emigrants to the United States
African-American poets
West Coast hip hop musicians
Cross Movement Records
American performers of Christian hip hop music
Reach Records artists
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American poets
Tuskegee University alumni
21st-century African-American writers
20th-century African-American people


Louis Archimbaud (November 1705 – 13 May 1789) was a Comtadin composer. He was one of the last representatives of the Baroque style of French organ school.

Archimbaud was born in Carpentras and educated there in the Carpentras Cathedral school. He became an acolyte, then a singer, and finally, in 1727, organist of the cathedral. He occupied this post until his death in 1789. Ten years before he died the church authorities made him an honorary canon.

Neither the composer nor the music were known until the late 1990s, when Joseph Scherpereel discovered seven autograph manuscripts at the Bibliothèque Inguimbertine of Carpentras. Archimbaud's works include a massive Livre d'orgue [de Carpentras], six masses, two Magnificats and four settings of Dixit Dominus. The organ collection contains 408 pieces organized by liturgical function and mode: two volumes of preludes, one volume of elevations, three volumes of offertories and a compilation titled Miscellanea that includes pieces from several volumes and contains indications that at least one more autograph manuscript is still to be found. Most of the works are comparatively brief, occupying no more than a page of music; the offertories average two pages. The style combines simple, songlike melodies, and features that are typical of French Baroque organ music.

See also
French organ school

External links

References
Joseph Scherpereel. Historischer Notenfund in der Provence - Louis Archimbaud: "Livre d'orgue de Carpentras", Journal für die Orgel 03/2000, p. 32.
Joseph Scherpereel. Liner notes to: "Louis Archimbaud - Livre d'orgue de Carpentras" (2000). Marie-Bernadette Dufourcet-Hakim (organ). Wergo ORG 70112.

1705 births
1789 deaths
People from Carpentras
French male classical composers
French Baroque composers
French classical organists
French male organists
18th-century classical composers
18th-century keyboardists
French composers of sacred music
French choral conductors
French male conductors (music)
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians
17th-century male musicians
Male classical organists


GOALS (Growth Opportunities through Athletics, Learning, and Service) is a nonprofit organization based in Anaheim, California, which offers programs to aid low income children in the Anaheim area.  GOALS is currently headquartered in central Anaheim and has community partnerships organized in 12 greater Anaheim communities in the city of Anaheim, the city of Placentia, the city of Huntington Beach, and the city of Fullerton.

Origins

GOALS was originally established in 1994 as an outgrowth of the Walt Disney Company's acquisition of the then named Mighty Ducks of Anaheim professional hockey franchise. Not Since then, this not-for-profit program has expanded into many low-income communities, fielding a combination of educational enrichment, team and fitness-oriented athletics, and community service activities where GOALS youth help others.  While GOALS is by far the worldwide leader in providing ice hockey access for minority children, the program has taken major strides in other sports opportunities such as lacrosse, soccer, tennis and roller hockey.  Currently, the program involves more than 2,000 youth ages six to nineteen each year.  GOALS operates indoor and outdoor facilities and a bus fleet, and provides all necessary equipment, insurance, coaching, teaching, and supplies all at no charge to participating youth.  GOALS organizes activities within designated under served communities and links those areas to central GOALS facilities with a community bus network.  One of the hallmarks of the GOALS program is that youth are required to serve through a "Summer of Service" in an innovative arm of the program called GOALS Cadets. This initiative leads efforts to read storybooks to children in school, clean up parks,  paint out graffiti, through a program called GOALS CityPride, coach disabled young people through GOALS Special Sports, visit veterans at local VA hospitals, and pack food for local food distribution centers that support the poor.

Growth

In 2005, GOALS began a strategic expansion in close partnership with the city of Anaheim, with the opening of GOALS Gardens, an adaptive reuse of the indoor Martin Recreation Center in Anaheim's La Palma Park. This  indoor center was renamed and renovated with an indoor  rink and has become the home for roller hockey, indoor soccer, and some adaptive recreation utilizing ringette hockey as a feature sport.  GOALS expanded a bus fleet to meet increased geographic growth into neighboring cities adjoining Anaheim and ferries hundreds of low income youth daily to and from GOALS facilities.  In 2009, GOALS dropped the "Disney" from its name as a joint decision made by both organizations.  The entertainment corporate giant still provides some support to the community-based organization with the hope that other regional entities will expand their level of support for the betterment of low income children and families.

GOALS operates a host of interrelated community based programs often partnering with regional school districts to do so.  These include the Anaheim Elementary School District, Anaheim Union High School District, Magnolia School District, Placentia Yorba Linda Unified School District and Ocean View School District.  GOALS has long had an effective partnership with multiple civic agencies including the City of Anaheim Community Services Department, Anaheim Police Department, Anaheim  Public Works Department, and many others.

GOALS programs all revolve around (free) opportunities in athletics, learning and service.  GOALS is the largest diversity program for ice hockey in America and also fields programs in lacrosse, soccer, basketball, tennis, Olympic handball, roller hockey, and skating.  GOALS operates major after school enrichment programs in multiple communities, hosts a morning enrichment program for children who are not attending school, and operates a local (free) public school (see GOALS Academy below).

Dreamscape development

In 2010, GOALS opened the  Dreamscape, which features two championship tennis courts, circumferential track for jogging and fitness, a  artificial turf arena for field sports, a small community garden, and a  fitness gym with anaerobic fitness equipment. The McCarthy Construction Company led a group of 37 construction and design firms to create this mufti-million dollar facility as a massive community service project. In the summer of 2017 a major second phase: Dreamscape Too, with a basketball center, volleyball center and synthetic ice skating rink on a nearby  land parcel in north central Anaheim opened and substantial community expansion followed.  Multiple benefactors have stepped forward to support this innovative regional program, most prominently Disneyland, the Orange County Community Foundation through the ACT collaborative, LA 84 Foundation, The Ueberroth Family Foundation, Eisner Foundation, Ben's Asphalt,  the LA Lakers among many others.  The City of Anaheim, Tait & Associates, Berg Electric, McCarthy Construction Company, and RJ Noble have also stepped up on multiple occasions to assist GOALS especially with their landmark facility development to involve more underserved children free of charge.

GOALS has continued to support community needs in creative ways and in 2015 opened the first free public charter school in the City of Anaheim. GOALS Academy was founded by GOALS as a Kindergarten to 6th grade elementary school located in north central Anaheim. More than 230 youngsters attended this school daily, and a well attended after school program has been operated by GOALS daily from the same location.<Anaheim Bulletin, May, 2015>

In 2018 GOALS launched a major development initiative dubbed "A Better Community" or ABC for short. This model community project led to a major physical restoration of a clubhouse and large "common" area within a very deteriorated neighborhood in west Anaheim. Within 1 year this area was transformed with over 35,000 of activity improvements and daily free GOALS programs were installed.  Among these were a recreation rink built by the Anaheim Ducks, small tennis court, tetherball court, amphitheatre, grass picnic and play zone, handball court, the ABC garden and a 1,000 square foot clubhouse.  Hundreds of children and family members have benefited greatly and this initiative stands as an affordable and sustainable. urban model

In mid 2020 GOALS separated the charter school operation into a separate not for profit entity called "Anaheim Academy". GOALS has set a strategic focus on expansion of service projects to support municipal partners and anticipates adoption of further major service projects. In addition GOALS is pursuing efforts to restore and operate a youth mountain camp with a plan to create up to 1,000 free annual camping slots for "at-promise" youngsters. The plan simultaneously involves major service commitments to bolster environmental needs in southern California forests.  The current expectation is that the "Camp GOALS" endeavor will be in development mode throughout 2021 and operating on a phased in basis by the summer of 2022.

External links
 Official site

Charities based in California
Organizations based in Anaheim, California


WHVN is the second studio album by the heavy metal band Will Haven, released on September 14, 1999. In 2021, it was named one of the 20 best metal albums of 1999 by Metal Hammer magazine.

Track listing
All tracks written by Will Haven, except where noted.
 "Fresno" – 5:31
 "If She Could Speak" – 3:08
 "Jaworski" – 2:35
 "Slopez" – 7:09
 "End Summary" – 2:50
 "Subtitles" – 1:11 (Stenman)
 "Genesis 11" – 3:34
 "Dallass Drake" – 4:00
 "Death Do Us Part" – 5:12
 "Muse" – 3:25
 "Miguel Abburido" – 8:45
 "I've Seen My Fate (Appliance Remix)" – 5:41
 "Sign Off" – 4:20

Personnel

Band members

 Grady Avenell – vocals
 Jeff Irwin – guitar and piano
 Mike Martin – bass guitar
 Wayne Morse – drums

Other personnel

Adam Federico – drum circle on "Slopez"
Jeff Jaworski – backing vocals on "Jaworski"
Eric Stenman – production, engineering and programming
Charlie Watts – mastering
Jennifer Woodruff – additional vocals on "Slopez"

References

Will Haven albums
1999 albums
Music for Nations albums


Herbert A. Friedman (1918–2008) was an American Reform rabbi who served as the CEO of the United Jewish Appeal and was the founding president of the Wexner Foundation. He inspired the Wexner Heritage Program seminars, which have now been educating Jewish community leaders for over two decades. He co-founded the foundation in 1985 with Leslie Wexner, chairman of Limited Brands, and served for a decade as president. For more than two decades before that he was executive chairman of the national United Jewish Appeal, where he designed and led the missions to Israel that became the basis for much of the American Jewish community's support for Israel.

Friedman was born to poor immigrant parents in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1918, went to public schools, and was admitted to Yale, graduating in 1938. He worked as a short-order cook and on a factory line during and after college. He studied for the Reform rabbinate in New York and was posted to Denver's Temple Emanuel as assistant rabbi in 1943, but came into conflict with the community and other Reform rabbis over his intense Zionism and relentless advocacy for Nazi victims.

He left to become a U.S. Army chaplain and at the end of World War II and later in collaboration with the Hagana (the nucleus of the Israeli Defense Forces) under David Ben-Gurion, he was deeply involved in rescuing Jewish refugees from displaced persons camps in Europe and in the immigration, legal and otherwise (Aliyah Bet), of many thousands of those Jews to Israel. When he returned to the U.S., in collaboration with the Irish Republican Army and its agents in North America, he ran guns and other weapons to Israel during its war for independence.

He served the United Jewish Appeal (precursor of today's United Jewish Communities/Federations of North America) from 1947 to 1982, including 17 years as CEO and executive vice-chairman. During his tenure as CEO, annual fundraising for Israel and other Jewish causes rose from $50 million to $450 million. These funds helped needy Jews throughout the world in addition to supporting Israel's immigration and social-welfare programs.

Friedman created the UJA Young Leadership Program, which prepared thousands of younger Jews for philanthropic leadership, and designed the now-common donor missions to Israel. The Wexner Heritage Foundation Seminars have gone beyond training for philanthropy to provide Jewish community leaders in mid-career with an intensive two-year education in all aspects of Judaism and Jewish civilization. Alumni have started Jewish schools and synagogues, written books, and served in the U.S. Congress, among other achievements.

In 1997, when a leading Holocaust historian, Deborah Lipstadt, was sued by David Irving for labeling him a Holocaust denier, Friedman raised some $2 million for a successful defense in the British courts; the defense required among other things proving that the Holocaust had happened.

Friedman also fought for causes not explicitly Jewish, as when he repeatedly spoke out, in the face of threats, against Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign to root out alleged communists. He was known as a strong advocate for an increased role for women in Jewish leadership.

His 2001 autobiography, Roots of the Future, was praised by Israeli President Shimon Peres and author Leon Uris. In this book he stated his four core beliefs: in the distinctive identity of the Jewish people and their role in the betterment of all people; in their sacred claim to a homeland in Israel; in Judaism's religious, ethical and literary gifts to humanity; and, paradoxically, in the dispersal of the Jewish people across time and space as an integral part of their creative genius. Friedman died on March 31, 2008, at the age of 89.

References

External links
A. Friedman - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

1918 births
2008 deaths
Religious leaders from New Haven, Connecticut
American Reform rabbis
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army chaplains
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis


Nagle is a surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

 Angela Nagle (born 1971), Irish non-fiction writer and academic
 Browning Nagle (born 1968), American football quarterback
 Courtney Nagle (born 1982) American tennis player
 David R. Nagle (born 1943), member of the US House of Representatives
 Don Nagle (1938–1999), American karate grand master
 Florence Nagle (1894–1988), British feminist, racehorse trainer and dog breeder
 Gary Nagle (born 1974/1975), South African business executive, CEO-designate of Glencore
 Jack Nagle (1917–1991), American college basketball coach
 Jacob Nagle (1761–1841), British sailor
 James Nagle (disambiguation), various people
 John Nagle, author of RFC896, see Nagle's algorithm
 John Nagle (1913–2009), Australian lawyer, soldier and jurist
 Kel Nagle (1920–2015), Australian golfer
 Leda Nagle (born 1951), Brazilian journalist and TV presenter
 Margaret Nagle (born 1969), screenwriter and TV producer
 Mary Kathryn Nagle, Cherokee playwright and lawyer
 Matt Nagle (1979–2007), one of the first people to use a brain-computer interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis
 Nano Nagle (1718–1784), founder of the Presentation Sisters
 Noel Nagle (born 1945), Irish musician, member of The Wolfe Tones
 Ron Nagle (born 1939), American ceramic sculptor
 William Nagle (author) (1947–2002), Australian soldier and author
 William Nagle (American football), American head football coach at Boston College in 1894

Fictional
 Mackey Nagle, a recurring character on Smart Guy

See also
Nagl, a surname
Nagel (surname)


Zealandia is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is one of the smallest communities in the province to be designated as a town.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Zealandia had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Notable people

Aldon Wilkie (1914 - 1992), Major League Pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates

See also

 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 List of towns in Saskatchewan

References

St. Andrews No. 287, Saskatchewan
Towns in Saskatchewan
Division No. 12, Saskatchewan


Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers (17 February 1833 – 9 March 1918) was French naval officer, then departmental administrator.
He was governor of the colony of Cochinchina (1879–1882) and resident-general of Madagascar (1886–1888).
He was a member of the French National Assembly from 1889 to 1902, representing Cochinchina.

Life

Early years (1833–61)
Charles-Marie Le Myre de Vilers was born in Vendôme, Loir-et-Cher, on 17 February 1833.
His parents were Cyprien Le Myre de Vilers, a colonel in the Cavalry, and Claire Hême (1808–1848).
Charles decided on a career in the navy, entered the Naval School in 1849, was a midshipman in 1853 and a Lieutenant in 1855.
He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour on 13 August 1859.

Departmental administration (1861–79)

Le Myre de Vilers left the navy in 1861 and joined the prefectural administration.
On 22 April 1862 he married Isabelle Hennet (born 1841) in Paris.
Their children included Hélène, Jean (1866–1934) and Madeleine (1870–1894).
Le Myre de Vilers was appointed sub-prefect of Joigny on 1 March 1863, then sub-prefect of Bergerac on 30 October 1867.
He was appointed Prefect of Algiers in November 1869.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 Le Myre de Vilers rejoined the navy and served as lieutenant de vaisseau.
He was orderly officer to Admiral de La Roncière(fr), commanding the seamen's corps during the Siege of Paris.
For his conduct during the siege he was awarded the rosette of the Legion of Honour on 26 January 1871.
He left the navy a month later and rejoined the prefectural administration.
On 26 March 1873 he was appointed Prefect of Haute-Vienne.
He was director of civil and financial affairs in Algeria from 1877 to 1879, appointed at the request of General Antoine Chanzy.

Colonial administrator (1879–89)

Cochinchina and Cambodia
On 11 August 1863 Admiral Pierre-Paul de La Grandière signed a Treaty of Friendship, Trade and French Protection with King Norodom of Cambodia.
The French privatized land ownership, collected taxes and put down a rebellion in 1867.
A dispute over the power of King Norodom of Cambodia begin in 1874 when a stream of crates addressed to the king began to arrive in Saigon, sent from France by the businessman Thomas Caraman.
The last crates arrived in 1876 and contained a wonderful gilded screen for the royal throne chamber, but nobody from the palace came to claim the crates.
A trial began in October 1874 with Caraman trying to collect payment from the King.
The French state attorney and the Cambodian grand mandarin both refused to hear the case, since the idea that a king should be tried in court was unprecedented.
In 1877 Caraman returned to France to drum up support, and in March 1878 six senators wrote a letter to the Minister of the Marine and Colonies asking him to ensure Caraman received justice.
The Minister instructed Governor Louis Charles Georges Jules Lafont to resolve the affair.

Le Myre de Vilers was appointed the first civilian governor of Cochinchina on 13 May 1879, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Annam.
He inherited the dispute between Caraman and Norodon.
He tried his best to resolve the problem.
One idea, later abandoned, was to raffle off the gilded screen.
Le Myre de Vilers sent the politician Jules Blancsubé to negotiate with Norodom in Phnom Penh, but he did not succeed.
Eventually the king agreed to buy the screen for 25,000 piasters, half of Caraman's price, as a gesture of friendship to the governor, and on 21 February 1881 22 chests containing the screen were shipped off to Phnom Penh.
In December 1881 Le Myre de Vilers forced Norodom to accept a convention under which Saigon's Conseil Privé could rule over disputes like this.
He wrote,

Le Myre de Vilers tried to define a clear distinction between civil and military responsibilities, to draft a penal code, to create district councils, a Saigon city council and a Council of the colony of Conchinchina.
He also began construction of a road and rail network.
He was hostile to the Tonkin Campaign, which caused his dismissal in May 1882.
He retired in 1883.
In June 1884 his successor Charles Thomson forced Norodom to sign a new agreement and started to consider outright annexation of Cambodia.

Madagascar
Le Myre de Vilers was recalled to the service on 9 March 1886 by Charles de Freycinet, who appointed him Plenipotentiary Minister 1st Class and Resident General in Madagascar, a position newly created by the Franco-Malagasy treaty of 17 December 1885.
He arrived in Antananarivo on 14 May 1886.
His task was to ensure the application of the 17 December 1885 Franco-Malagasy treaty, whose interpretation was disputed.
Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony relied on the Patrimonio-Miot interpretive letter, which Le Myre de Vilers rejected.
He managed to get the Malagasy government to take out a loan from the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris in order to pay the 10 million francs compensation agreed in the treaty.
He could not get agreement on the boundaries of the territory of Diego-Suarez, which the French troops eventually defined unilaterally.

Le Myre de Vilers was active in construction of the Antananarivo-Toamasina telegraph line, completed in 1888.
He maintained good relations with the court of Antananarivo, and had great respect for Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony.
He wrote on 10 June 1886 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs that, "My task is laborious because I have to deal with a man of real value, a man with extreme skill who, on a larger stage, would be considered a genius".
Le Myre de Vilers took leave in France from March to November 1888.
On his return he presented Queen Ranavalona III with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.
In December 1888 he was himself made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

Deputy (1889–1902)
Le Myre de Vilers left his post in Madagascar in July 1889 to run for Deputy of Cochinchina.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as representative of French Cochinchina on 12 December 1889 and was reelected on 20 August 1893 and on 8 May 1898, holding office until 31 May 1902.
Le Myre de Vilers was a member of the committees on the navy and the colonies.
He wrote many reports on aspects such as budgets, organization and development of colonies.
In 1890 he supported creation of a Colonial Office independent of the navy.

Dispute with Siam

The French claimed authority to all land east of the Mekong, and in April 1893 sent French and Annamite troops into Laos to evict Siamese officials and troops from that region.
They met resistance.
Phra Yot, the Siamese Commissioner of Khammouane, had the French Inspector Grosgurin and his escort massacred.
On 20 July 1893 the French parliament issued an ultimatum to Siam (Thailand) demanding that Bangkok relinquish all claims to the east bank of the Mekong, pay indemnity to the victims of Siamese aggression and punish the officers responsible for attacks on French troops.
The deputies also agreed that Jules Develle, the Foreign Minister, should send Le Myre de Vilers to Bangkok to negotiate a treaty to guarantee French rights along the Mekong and to obtain compensation from Siam.
The Siamese responded by agreeing to withdraw their troops, pay the indemnity and punish any individuals who had acted unlawfully, but asked for international arbitration over the territorial claims and a joint commission to investigate the French claims for indemnity.
Develle considered this response "insolent" and "unsatisfactory", imposed a blockade on 26 July 1893 and issued a second ultimatum, which the Siamese accepted rather than lose yet more territory.

Le Myre de Vilers arrived in Bangkok on 16 August 1893.
He openly intended to impose "very harsh" measures on the Siamese and thought it a waste of time to negotiate with them.
At his second meeting with Prince Devawongse Varoprakar, who represented Siam, he asked the prince to sign a copy of the proposed Treaty of Peace and Friendship.
The prince politely refused, since he had not examined the document.
Le Myre de Vilers then told him the French warships in the Gulf of Siam could at any moment make matters quickly change for the worse.
Le Myre de Vilers demanded that Phra Yot be tried before a Franco-Siamese Mixed Court dominated by the French, while the Siamese offered a trial by a court of "competent Siamese authorities in conjunction with the [French] consul."

On 29 September 1893 Le Myre de Vilers handed a draft Treaty and draft Convention to Devewongse and said he would leave for Saigon in four days with or without an agreement.
When examined, the convention was found to include a proposal that Phra Yot be tried by a Mixed Franco-Siamese Court, which the Siamese found completely unacceptable.
At a final meeting on 1 October 1893 Le Myre de Vilers refused to alter the Convention but agreed to append a procès-verbal to address Siamese concerns.
The exhausted Prince finally gave in and signed the Treaty and Convention to avoid the risk of war against superior French forces.

Return to Madagascar

After Le Myre de Vilers left Madagascar the situation deteriorated.
In late June 1894 the French resident general, Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, said the state of affairs in Tananarive was very tense.
On 9 September 1894 French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanotaux ordered Larrouy to return to France "on vacation" and ordered women and children to be evacuated to a coastal point where three gunboats would be waiting.
On 12 September Hanotaux spoke in the Chamber of Deputies about the many ways in which the French were being harassed in Madagascar.
The government was sending Le Myre de Vilers as its plenipoteniary.
He would take a treaty that covered the four main grievances, all of which must be accepted or France would seek a non-negotiated settlement.

Le Myre de Vilers returned to Tananarive on 14 October 1894.
He requested an audience with the prime minister as soon as he arrived in the capital.
When Rainilaiarivony delayed the meeting, Le Myre de Vilers sent a copy of the treaty with a deadline of five days to accept it.
The two men met on 21 October 1884.
Le Myre de Vilers warned the prime minister, "Let your Excellency be under no illusion. The result of any war can be foreseen: it will be a shattering defeat of the Malagasy people."
He said the French government was not satisfied with the Malagasy justice system, which had corrupt officials and made little effort to apprehend criminals, and was considering taking control over internal affairs.
The Malagasy government replied on 24 October 1884, saying the French could handle external relations but other rights under the 1885 treaty were abrogated.
Le Myre de Vilers wrote a personal letter to Rainilairivony in which he advised him to fully accept the French demands.
When it became clear that there would be no reply the remaining French residents prepared to leave for the coast.

Le Myre and the other members of the French mission reached Tamatave on 4 November 1884.
In his last dispatch to Hanotaux he acknowledged that the prime minister would have lost the support of his people if he compromised with the French.
"Of two perils, the prime minister has chosen the more distant, a rupture with France, hoping to profit from a European incident which might turn our attention from Madagascan affairs.
He recommended that a military expedition be launched in the next dry season.
That winter French troops under General Metzinger(fr) occupied the ports of Tamatave and Majunga, and in March 1885 most of the 15,000-strong expeditionary force disembarked unopposed.
The French troops suffered badly from poor sanitation and tropical disease, and it was not until early 1897 that the island had been secured.

Last years

After his return to France Le Myre de Vilers intervened in discussions in the Chamber on the annexation of Madagascar, abolition of slavery there, and the actions of Joseph Gallieni, which he fully supported.
Le Myre de Vilers chose not to run for reelection in 1902.
In his retirement he devoted himself to geography.
He had been a member of the central committee of the Geographical Society since 1896, and was president of the society from 1906 to 1908.
He belonged to various other societies related to the colonies.
Le Myre de Vilers died on 9 March 1918 in Paris.

Publications
Publications by Le Myre de Vilers include, among many others:

References

Sources

1833 births
1918 deaths
People from Vendôme
French nobility
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of Parliament for French Cochinchina
Governors of Cochinchina
Colonial Governors of French Madagascar
Prefects of Haute-Vienne
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour


Bloods & Crips was an American gangsta rap group from Los Angeles County mostly known for their record selling song "Piru Love".

History
The success of N.W.A. had frustrated many in the gang community who saw the group capitalizing on the gang lifestyle. The Bloods & Crips project was originally organized by rappers O.Y.G Redrum 781 and Tweedy Bird Loc. Actual gang members — Crips from Compton, Watts and Long Beach, and Bloods from Inglewood and Los Angeles — auditioned for the group and the best ones were chosen for the album. In 1993, the Bloods & Crips released their debut album entitled Bangin' on Wax for Warlock Records. One year later, the group's second and final studio album, Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues was released. After Bangin' on Wax 2, the Bloods & Crips parted ways, with the Bloods becoming the Damu Ridas and the Crips became the Nationwide Rip Ridaz.

Albums

First
Bangin' on Wax was the first album by Bloods & Crips. The album was released in 1993 under Dangerous Records. Bangin' on Wax was a success, making it to No. 86 on the Billboard 200. Four singles were released "Bangin' on Wax", "Piru Love", "Crip, Crip, Crip" and "Steady Dippin'". The album went on to sell over 500,000 copies, achieving Gold status. Official music videos for "Bangin' on Wax", "Piru Love" and "Steady Dippin'" were made, gaining widespread attention for the group.

On the group's single "Piru Love", the hook is sung by Fo' Clips Eclipse, one of the group's Crip members.

The next single, "Steady Dippin'", was performed by Crip members Do Or Die (a.k.a. A-Love), Miss C-Note (a.k.a. Dannygirl), Sin Loc, and Blue Ragg (a.k.a. The General). They emerged a group called the Underworld Connection. The Underworld Connection was formed in the early 1990s but was put on hold for projects like Tweedy Bird Loc's "187 Ride By" and the controversial album Bangin' On Wax. It was the first time the group reconnected in the late 2000s since the 1990s. Also DJ Battlecat made an appearance in the "Steady Dippin'" music video as the event's DJ for the intro. The song was produced by him along with QLuso and Ronnie Ron.

Second
Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues was the second and last album by the Bloods & Crips. Music videos were made for the album singles "G's & Locs" and "Wish You Were Here". Both videos gained positive reviews. The album was recorded and released in 1994 under Dangerous Records. The album made it to No. 139 on the Billboard 200 and #20 for Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Third

A third album: Bangin’ on Wax Part 3: No Passes was originally recorded in 2004, but not released until 2014. None of the original artists are featured on the album, although it was still distributed through Dangerous Records with the help of Tweedy Bird Loc, following the death of producer Ronnie M. Phillips on November 1, 2003, over a decade prior to release.

Aftermath
Following the end of the project, the two gangs started separate projects, with the Crips releasing albums under the Nationwide Rip Ridaz name, and the bloods under the Damu Ridas.

Nationwide Rip Ridaz

The Nationwide Rip Ridaz released two albums, the self titled ‘Nationwide Rip Ridaz’ in 1995 and ‘Betrayed (Can't Trust Nobody)’ in 1999.

A notable member of the group was Donald “AWOL” Stallworth from Kelly Park, he was killed by law enforcement on June 4, 1997.

Damu Ridas

Damu Ridas released their own self titled album ‘Damu Ridas’ in 1995, followed by ‘How Deep Is Your Hood’ in 1999.

The core members of the Damu Ridas were from two different Blood gangs: the L.A. Denver Lane Bloods and the Crenshaw Mafia Bloods. The two gangs have been close allies for decades and are still allied today.

B-Brazy, Peanut II and Lil' Laniak II were from the Denver Lanes. Tip Toe, Pimp D, Spyder, O.G Mad Eye, Big Hawk and Lil' Hawk were from the Crenshaw Mafia. Of those 9 members, 7 have been confirmed deceased.

B-Brazy was shot and killed in 2003. Peanut II was shot 17 times and died in November 1995 by members of the Crips. Lil' Laniak II was with his daughter when he was killed around 1995 by the 83 Gangsters. Tip Toe was killed by a member of the Neighborhood Piru. Spyder was in the neighborhood of the Rollin' 60 Crips when he was shot and killed in 2000. O.G Mad Eye and his little brother Lil' Mad Eye were both killed before 2001. Big Hawk is deceased and Lil' Hawk is serving a 25 to life prison sentence for murder.

Members
 Tweedy Bird Loc
 Bloody Mary
Battlecat
Domino
 AWOL (Donald Stallworth)
 O.Y.G Redrum 781
 B-Brazy
 Ahmed Younes aka Lefty
Saif Salama aka big s
 Cixx Pac
 Miss C-Note
 Sin Loc
 Bobby Williams (Lil' Hawk)
 Lil' Leak (CK)
 Green Eyez
 Twin Loc (O.G. Cell-E-Cel)
 Big Freeze
 G-Len
 B.G. Scarface
 Peanut II
 Big Mad-Eyez
 Samari Doby (Lil' Stretch)
 Tip-Toe
 Broncoe
 Koolay
 June Dawg
 Batman (Evil Bat)
 G-Spyder
 Blue Ragg
 Do or Die
 Lil’ 8
 Baby Maniak
 Lil' CK Stretch
 Robert W. Lewis III (Producer)
 Gangsta Red
 Gangsta Yank
 Big Stretch
 Baby Stretch
 Big Hawk
 Baby Hawk
 Big Wy (Red Rag)
 Green AK

Discography
 Bangin' on Wax (1993)
 Bangin' on Wax 2... The Saga Continues (1994)
Bangin’ on Wax Part 3: No Passes (2014)

See also
 Crime in Los Angeles
Nationwide Rip Ridaz (album)
Damu Ridas (album)

References

External links
 Warlock Records & Dangerous Records official site.
 Bloods & Crips  at Billboard.

 .

1993 establishments in California
Bloods
Crips
Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Hip hop groups from California
Gangsta rap groups
G-funk groups


Nick Fatool (January 2, 1915 – September 26, 2000) was an American jazz drummer.

Music career
He was born in Millbury, Massachusetts, United States. Fatool first played professionally in Providence, Rhode Island, which he followed with time in Joe Haymes's band in 1937 and Don Beston's in Dallas soon after. In 1939, he played with Bobby Hackett briefly, and then became a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He became one of the most visible drummers of the 1940s, playing with Artie Shaw (1940–41), Alvino Rey (1942–43), Claude Thornhill, Les Brown, and Jan Savitt. In 1943, he moved to Los Angeles and took work as a session musician, recording profusely. Credits include Harry James, Erroll Garner (1946), Louis Armstrong (1949, 1951), Jess Stacy, Tommy Dorsey, Matty Matlock, John Scott Trotter and Glen Gray. He began an association with Bob Crosby, playing with him regularly between 1949 and 1951 and occasionally with Crosby's Bobcats into the 1970s.

Between January 7, 1944 and April 23, 1958, Fatool played on sessions for the following Capitol Records artists: Andy Griffith, Andy Russell, Betty Hutton, Billy May, Jeanne Gayle, Charles LaVere, Dave Barbour, Dave Matthews, Dean Martin, Maggie Jackson, Ella Mae Morse, Frank Sinatra, Freddie Slack, Gordon MacRae, Jack Teagarden, Jerry Colonna, Jesse Price, Jo Stafford, Joe "Fingers" Carr, Johnny Mercer, Johnny Standley, Margaret Whiting, Marvin Ash, Nat King Cole, Paul Weston, Peggy Lee, Pete Kelly, Ray Anthony, Ray Turner, Red Nichols, Robert Mitchum, Tennessee Ernie Ford, The Andrews Sisters, The Dinning Sisters, The Pied Pipers, The Starlighters, The Capitol Jazzmen, and Wingy Manone.

Fatool was an important member of Buddy Cole and his Trio which worked with Bing Crosby from 1954-1960.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Fatool found much work on the Dixieland jazz revival circuit, playing with Pete Fountain from 1962–1965 and the Dukes of Dixieland. His only session as a bandleader was as the head of a septet in 1987, leading Eddie Miller, Johnny Mince, Ernie Carson, and others.

Fatool died in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 85.

Partial discography

As leader
 Nick Fatool's Jazz Band (1987)

As sideman
 For You, for Me, Forever, Artie Shaw (Musicraft, 1946)
 Sweet and Hot, Ella Fitzgerald (Decca, 1953)
 Jam Session: Coast to Coast, Eddie Condon (1953)
 Never Before...Never Again, Joe Venuti (1954)
 A Musical Autobiography, Bing Crosby (Decca, 1954)
 Irving Berlin's White Christmas, Rosemary Clooney (Columbia, 1954)
 Coast Concert, Bobby Hackett (Capitol, 1955)
 Pete Kelly's Blues, Ray Heindorf (1955)
 Mellow Guitar, George Van Eps (1956)
 Hoagy Sings Carmichael, Hoagy Carmichael (Pacific Jazz, 1956)
 Casa Loma in Hi-Fi, Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra (Capitol, 1956)
 Dream Street, Peggy Lee (Decca, 1957)
 And They Called It Dixieland, Matty Matlock (1958)
 Ragtime Classics, Wally Rose (1959)
 South Rampart Street Parade, Pete Fountain (Coral, 1963)
 Standing Room Only, Pete Fountain (Coral, 1965)
 That Man, Robert Mitchum, Sings, Robert Mitchum (1967)
 Portrait of Eddie, Eddie Miller (1971)
 California Doings, Dick Cary (Famous Door, 1981)
 California Session, Bud Freeman (1982)
 The Banjo Kings (1986)
 The Genius of the Electric Guitar, Charlie Christian (1987)
 Starring Fred Astaire, Fred Astaire (Columbia, 1989)
 On the Trail, Frankie Laine (1990)
 1939–1940, Lionel Hampton (Chronological Classics, 1991)
 1938–1939, Ziggy Elman (Chronological Classics 1996)

References

External links

 Nick Fatool recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

Nick Fatool Interview NAMM Oral History Library (1984)
Nick Fatool: The Perfect Jazz Percussionist by Hal Smith

American jazz drummers
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
1915 births
2000 deaths
People from Millbury, Massachusetts
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians


Daniel Jewel is a London-based film producer and director. A graduate of Bristol University and Oxford University he has worked with British film directors such as Stephen Poliakoff, Charles Sturridge and Brian Gilbert. In 2006 he produced the play Allegiance at the Edinburgh Festival, which starred Michael Fassbender as the Irish leader, Michael Collins. The play was directed by Brian Gilbert. In 2007 he produced and directed two films for Channel 4 about the shisha smoking cafes of London's Arabic quarter. In 2008 he directed two documentaries for Al Gore's Current TV. In late 2008 his production company, Third Man Films produced Sidney Turtlebaum starring Derek Jacobi and Rupert Evans which The Times called a "Masterpiece" and was nominated for a British Independent Film Award and short-listed for an Academy Award in 2010.

References

External links

 Actor fights them on the stage over smoking ban, 7 August 2006, The Times
 Third Man Films Ltd on Twitter
 Daniel Jewel at the BBC Film Network

Living people
British film directors
British film producers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Year of birth missing (living people)


Antonio S. Cua (July 23, 1932 – March 27, 2007) was an eminent scholar in Chinese philosophy and comparative philosophy who was professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of America. Cua was primarily interested in Western moral philosophy, moral psychology and Chinese ethics, in particular Confucian ethics. He was the author of many important scholarly works, and  the chief editor of the Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy, the first English-language  encyclopedia on 'Chinese philosophy'.

Early years
Cua was born into a Filipino Chinese family doing commercial business in Manila. He graduated from Far Eastern University in Manila in 1952 and came to the United States for graduate studies in philosophy. He received a master's degree in 1954 and a PhD in 1958, both from the University of California at Berkeley.

Career
From 1958 to 1962, Cua taught at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. He then served as professor of philosophy and chairman of the department at the State University of New York at Oswego from 1962 to 1969.

At The Catholic University of America, he taught philosophy in the School of Philosophy from 1969 to 1995. He retired in 1996 and was professor emeritus until his death. He died in Bethesda, Maryland in 2007.

He was president of several organizations, including the International Society for Chinese Philosophy, the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy and the Association for Asian Studies. He held leadership roles in several other associations.

Works
Cua was the author of numerous scholarly works and the chief editor of the Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. The volume, the first of its kind, contains entries on major schools, thinkers, works and concepts in Chinese philosophy and is considered the most comprehensive scholarly reference book with exact information and original interpretation of Chinese philosophy and its history.

His books include "Reason and Virtue: A Study in the Ethics of Richard Price" (1966, revised 1998), in which he studied Price, an 18th-century moral and political philosopher; "Dimensions of Moral Creativity" (1978), which focused on the role of paradigmatic individuals as the concrete embodiment of moral principles and ideals; and "Ethical Argumentation" (1985), his first attempt to develop a Confucian theory of ethical argumentation and moral epistemology.

In his "Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics" (1998), Cua offered a comprehensive philosophical study of Confucian ethics, its basic insights and its relevance to contemporary Western moral philosophy.

His last work was "Human Nature, Ritual and History: Studies in Xunzi and Chinese Philosophy" (2005), which reflected his authority in studies on Xunzi, one of the greatest Confucian philosophers in ancient China.

"Cua's total body of work on Xunzi is the deepest and richest work in English on this thinker.... Cua is one of the great senior figures in the field, and this book will be a useful reference in courses in Chinese and comparative studies," David Wong, a philosophy professor and department chair at Duke University, said in 2005.

Bibliography

Human Nature, Ritual, And History: Studies In Xunzi And Chinese Philosophy (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy), Antonio S. Cua (Author), Catholic University of America Press (April 2005)
Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy, Antonio S. Cua (Editor), Routledge, 2003.
Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy), Antonio S. Cua (Author), Catholic University of America Press (April 1998)
Ethical Argumentation: A Study in Hsun Tzu's Moral Epistemology, Antonio S. Cua (Author), Univ of Hawaii Pr (May 1985).
Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study in Wang Yang-Ming's Moral Psychology, Antonio S. Cua (Author), Univ of Hawaii Pr (May 1982)
Dimensions of Moral Creativity: Paradigms, Principles, and Ideals,  Antonio S. Cua (Author), Pennsylvania State Univ Pr (June 1979)
Reason and Virtue: A Study in the Ethics of Richard Price., Antonio S. Cua (Author), Ohio University Press, (1966)

References

External links
Publications of Antonio S. Cua. CUA School of Philosophy.

1932 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Maryland
American Confucianists
American philosophy academics
American writers of Chinese descent
Filipino emigrants to the United States
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Ohio University faculty
State University of New York faculty
Catholic University of America School of Philosophy faculty
Filipino Confucianists
Filipino philosophers
Moral psychologists
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Far Eastern University alumni
American people of Chinese descent


Webconverger is a discontinued Linux-based operating system designed solely for accessing Web applications privately and securely. Based on the Debian distro, it is able to boot live from removable media like CD-ROM or USB flash drive but can also be installed to a local hard drive. Webconverger is pre-compiled to run on any x86 hardware. It does not have high system requirements and will also run on older machines.

Webconverger is typically used in Web kiosk and digital signage deployments. It runs the Firefox web browser with a customised window manager dwm and a Firefox add-on also named Webconverger that locks the browser to a simple kiosk operation mode. The browser is locked down with most menus, toolbars, key commands and context menus disabled. Webconverger contains Adobe Flash support and PDF viewing by default. Both wired and wireless networks are supported via DHCP.

Webconverger does binary package updates through git hosted on GitHub.  This is unique to Webconverger as most other distributions use separate package management utilities.
Although being developed in Singapore, it is mainly used commercially in Europe.

Reception
LWN.net reviewed Webconverger 12 in April 2012 with following words:

Softpedia Linux also have a review of Webconverger 35.1:

See also
 Kiosk software

References

External links

Debian-based distributions
Information appliances
Diskless workstations
End-user lockdowns
Content-control software
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Linux distributions


Thunderhawks may refer to:

 Niagara Thunderhawks, a Junior "B" box lacrosse team
 Toronto ThunderHawks, an indoor soccer team

See also

 Thunderhawk (disambiguation)


The Football Conference season of 1994–95 was the sixteenth season of the Football Conference, also known as the Vauxhall Conference for sponsorship reasons.

Overview
Macclesfield Town finished the season as Conference champions, but failed to gain Football League status as their stadium failed to meet the capacity requirements. This meant that the bottom placed Third Division club, Exeter City, avoided relegation to the Conference.

New teams in the league this season
 Farnborough Town (promoted 1993–94)
 Stevenage Borough (promoted 1993–94)

Final  league table

Results

Promotion and relegation

Promoted
 Hednesford Town (from the Southern Premier League)
 Morecambe (from the Northern Premier League)
 Slough Town (from the Isthmian League)

Relegated
 Merthyr Tydfil (to the Southern Premier League)
 Stafford Rangers (to the Northern Premier League)
 Yeovil Town (to the Isthmian League)

Top scorers in order of league goals

References

External links
 1994–95 Conference National Results

National League (English football) seasons
5


Jelle ten Rouwelaar (; born 24 December 1980 in  Joure) is a Dutch retired footballer, who started his professional career in the 1998–99 season playing for FC Emmen. He was the first-choice goalkeeper of NAC Breda for nine years in which he hardly missed a match. In March 2011, he received a call-up for the Netherlands national team, but he did not play.

On 29 April 2016, during the match against Go Ahead Eagles the fans started to applaud his recently deceased mother at the 61st minute in reference to his mother's age. On 19 May 2016, he played his last match during the playoffs of the Dutch professional competitions.

References

External links
 Voetbal International profile

1980 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Emmen players
PSV Eindhoven players
FC Groningen players
FC Twente players
PEC Zwolle players
FC Eindhoven players
FK Austria Wien players
NAC Breda players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Footballers from Friesland
People from Skarsterlân


Skeletal eroding band (SEB) is a disease of corals that appears as a black or dark gray band that slowly advances over corals, leaving a spotted region of dead coral in its wake. It is the most common disease of corals in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and is also found in the Red Sea.

So far one agent has been clearly identified, the ciliate Halofolliculina corallasia. This makes SEB the first coral disease known to be caused by a protozoan.  When H. corallasia divides, the daughter cells move to the leading edge of the dark band and produce a protective shell called a lorica. To do this, they drill into the coral's limestone skeleton, killing coral polyps in the process.

A disease with very similar symptoms has been found in the Caribbean Sea, but has been given a different name as it is caused by a different species in the genus Halofolliculina and occurs in a different type of environment.

Symptoms and history
Skeletal eroding band is visible as a black or dark gray band that slowly advances over corals, leaving a spotted region of dead coral in its wake. The spotted area distinguishes skeletal eroding band from black band disease, which also forms an advancing black band but leaves a completely white dead area behind it.

Skeletal eroding band was first noticed in 1988 near Papua New Guinea and then near Lizard Island in Australia's Great Barrier Reef, but was regarded as a gray variant of black band disease, as were instances off Mauritius in 1990. Surveys in 1994 in and around the Red Sea first identified the condition as a unique disease. It is now considered the commonest disease of corals in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, especially in warmer or more polluted waters.

The spread of the disease across an infected coral has been measured at  in the Red Sea and  around the Great Barrier Reef. Corals of the families Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae are the most vulnerable to infection. A study in 2008 found that the infection spread at about  per day in colonies of Acropora muricata, eventually wiping out 95% of its victims. However, experiments showed that the disease easily spread to already dead and dying areas of corals but did not attack undamaged corals.

Halofolliculina corallasia
So far one agent has been identified, the ciliate protozoan Halofolliculina corallasia. Skeletal eroding band is the first recorded disease of corals that is caused by a protozoan, and thus the first known to be caused by an eukaryote – most are caused by prokaryotic bacteria. For example, black band disease is caused by microbial mats of variable composition, and White pox disease  by the bacterium Serratia marcescens.

H. corallasia is a sessile protozoan that secretes a bottle-like housing called a lorica (Latin for cuirass, flexible body armor), that is anchored to a surface and into which the cells retract when disturbed. When a mature individual cell division divides, it produces a pair of worm-like larvae that settle on undamaged coral just ahead of the black band. There each daughter cell secretes its lorica, at the same spinning to produce the lorica's flask-like shape. This spinning, combined with the chemicals that harden the lorica, crumble the coral skeleton and kill the polyps. The discarded loricae of the "parent" H. corallasia cells remain, leaving the distinctive spotted region in the wake of the living black band.

"Caribbean ciliate infection"
A survey in the Caribbean Sea conducted in 2004 and published in 2006 reported a disease with very similar symptoms, affecting 25 species of coral within 6 families. Although the authors initially suspected H.corallasia, more detailed examination showed that the culprit was another species that was previously unknown and has not yet been formally named, although it is clearly a member of the same genus, Halofolliculina. A follow-up analysis noted that the Caribbean infestations were commonest in oceanic waters, while those in the Indian and Pacific Oceans were more prevalent in coastal waters. Because of these two differences, the authors gave this new manifestation the name "Caribbean ciliate infection". Coral diseases are a relatively new topic of research, and the use of standardized terminology has not yet been fixed.

See also
 Aspergillosis, caused by the fungus Aspergillus sydowii, affects Gorgonian soft corals commonly known as sea fans.
 Black band disease, caused by a microbial consortium dominated by the cyanobacteria Phormidium corallyticum.
 Black necrosing syndrome, or Dark spots disease, probably fungal.
 Brown band disease, or Red band disease, probably caused by protozoa (possibly Helicostoma nonatum) and cyanobacteria.
 Rapid Wasting, possibly caused by a fungus growing on areas damaged by the feeding of the Stoplight parrotfish.
 White band disease, the cause of this disease remains unknown.
 White plague, caused by the bacterium Aurantimonas coralicida.
 White pox disease, caused by the bacterium Serratia marcescens.
 Yellow-band disease, possibly caused by a unidentified species of Vibrio

References

External links

Coral diseases
Coral reefs


Plala (ぷらら) is a major Japanese Internet service provider operated by NTT Plala Inc. It was established in 1995 and focuses on consumer internet services. Its major stockholder is NTT Communications Corp.  The company's name was changed to "NTT Plala" from "Plala" on March 1, 2008.

On May 26, 2022, NTT Docomo announced that it would absorb Plala on July 1, consolidating the businesses of the two companies.

References

2331312

External links
  Official Plala website

Internet service providers of Japan
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
NTT Communications
Telecommunications companies established in 1995
Mobile virtual network operators