Richard Allen Lazzara (born December 17, 1945) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.

Education and career

Lazzara was born in Tampa, Florida. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Loyola University New Orleans in 1967. He received a Juris Doctor from the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida in 1970. He was a law clerk for the Hillsborough County Solicitor Office, Hillsborough County, Florida in 1970. He was an assistant county solicitor, Hillsborough County from 1970 to 1972. He was an assistant state attorney of Hillsborough County in 1973. He was in private practice of law in Tampa from 1974 to 1986. He was a Judge of the Hillsborough County Court in 1987. He was a Circuit Judge, 13th Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1988 to 1993. He was an Appellate Judge, Second District Court of Appeal, from 1993 to 1997.

Federal judicial service

Lazzara is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Lazzara was nominated by President Bill Clinton on January 7, 1997, to a seat vacated by John H. Moore II. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 26, 1997, and received commission on September 29, 1997.

References

External links

1945 births
Living people
Judges of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
United States district court judges appointed by Bill Clinton
Lawyers from Tampa, Florida
State attorneys
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni
Loyola University New Orleans alumni


The Grand Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Mesa County, Colorado, primarily in Grand Junction and Palisade.  It is located roughly  southwest of Denver.  The high-desert AVA - with an average elevation of between 4,000 and 5,000 feet above sea level - is defined by the irrigated agricultural area served via canals within the Grand Valley of the Colorado River. The AVA was established in 1991 as the first of two Colorado wine regions. The West Elks AVA is the second federally designated AVA in Colorado.

The AVA encompasses  and contains some of the high-altitude vineyards in the world. The terrain is varied, ranging from alluvial soils along the Colorado River to stony and loamy soils on mesas.  Climate is high desert, subject to swings of temperature and wide diurnal variation. The AVA enjoys the most temperate climate within the state of Colorado, with the USDA cold hardiness zone ranging from 6 to 7. The eastern part of the AVA near the town of Palisade has consistent breezes that provide good air drainage, reducing the risk of frost.  During a typical growing season, the valley is hot, dry and sunny during the day while far cooler at night due to the arid environment.  This makes for ideal fruit-growing conditions.

Colorado's Grand Valley - particularly the eastern stretch - is unofficially considered 'Colorado Wine Country' and is quickly becoming a popular and sought after destination for enotourism because of both the growing interest in wine tourism and the abundance of natural recreational activities and scenery surrounding the area including Colorado National Monument and the Book Cliffs.  There are around two dozen wineries/vineyards in addition to an abundance of cideries, meaderies, and orchards.  Viticulture began in the area in the late 19th century.  State Governor George A. Crawford planted a  vineyard in the Grand Valley in 1890.  To this day, most of Colorado's grape production is from the Grand Valley AVA. Vineyards in the valley are planted at elevations as high as  above sea level.  However, the continental climate somewhat limits the varieties used in grape production and not all varieties produce substantial yields. Grape varieties planted within the AVA vary widely and average yields are relatively low at about 2.5 tons/acre. Wine styles range from dry white and red wines to semi-sweet and dessert wines; and even ice wine.  Due to the abundance of orchards in the area many growers will incorporate other local fruits - such as peaches, plums and cherries - into their sweeter wines.  However, traditional Merlot & Riesling are two of the most popular and easily grown and known grapes in Grand Valley.

In 2018, Wine Enthusiast Magazine named Colorado's Grand Valley AVA one of the 'Top Ten Wine Travel Destinations in the World'.  In September 2019, Palisade hosted its 28th annual Colorado Mountain Winefest which was named the 'Best Wine Fest in the Nation' by USA Today. Over 6,000 attended the sold-out event which showed off several hundred local wines, meads & ciders from several dozen Colorado wineries, meaderies and cideries.

References

External links
 Colorado Wine
  TTB AVA Map

American Viticultural Areas
Colorado River
Colorado wine
Geography of Mesa County, Colorado
1991 establishments in Colorado


Mohla Khurd or Mohlān Khurd is a village of Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan It is located at 32°30'5N 74°4'10E. - 8 km away from the district capital Gujrat also 1.5 km north from river Chenab.
Khurd and Kalan Persian language word which means small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.

References

Populated places in Gujrat District


Ludwig Paul Maria "Luigi" von Kunits (20 July 1870 – 8 October 1931) was a Canadian conductor, composer, violinist, and pedagogue. Born in Austria, he studied at the Vienna Conservatory. He later moved to Canada where he was the founding conductor of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1922.

Early career
During this time, however, he had composed a Violin Concerto and he had been asked to perform it with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. It was so well received that he had no trouble obtaining a position with the Austrian Orchestra as it assistant conductor and concertmaster. It was also at this juncture that he decided to embark on a tour of the United States in 1893, abandoning the career chosen for him by his mother. His parents were heart-broken at his sudden departure.

After playing with the Austrian Orchestra at the Chicago World's Fair, and taking the first prize trophy in an open competition, he decided to remain in the U.S.

In Chicago, he taught violin and composition and led a String Quartet he personally founded. He came to Pittsburgh which had been without a professional symphony orchestra until 1895 when British conductor Frederic Archer took the baton. With Archer at the helm, von Kunits had organized and shaped an ensemble into a respectable orchestra. During the next 14 years, von Kunits was the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra's concertmaster, first violin, and assistant conductor to Frederic Archer (from 1896 to 1898), Victor Herbert (from 1898 to 1904), and finally Emil Pauer (from 1904 to 1910) when the orchestra came into financial difficulties and was dissolved.

Also, it was in the United States that he first became aware of his Serbian roots. At Chicago's Columbian Exposition he witnessed Nikola Tesla's alternating current system running everything mechanical, not to mention the illumination of the entire exposition itself. In Pittsburgh, he saw Serbian steelworkers forming one of the oldest Serbian fraternal organizations (the Serb National Federation) in 1901, and in 1907, merging with Michael I. Pupin's Sloga (Unity).

Marriage and honeymoon

It was in Pittsburgh that he befriended Joseph Henry Gittings, a gifted organist and impresario, and Harriet Jane, his beautiful daughter. After a brief courtship marriage became a foregone conclusion. The honeymoon was in the offing and von Kunits decided to take a trip with his new bride to introduce her to his parents. Last but not least, von Kunits could foresee that he might need some free time to settle some unresolved family affairs in Vienna. On returning for the first time since he left in 1893, he found his father and mother sorely strained by the seven years between them.

After a long honeymoon, they returned to Pittsburgh, where their two daughters were born. As an enthusiastic Greek scholar and a bit of an eccentric he had them duly christened Nausicaa, for the daughter of Alcinous in Homer's Odyssey, and Aglaia, for the youngest of the Three Charities (Graces) in Classical mythology. Aside from the Pittsburgh Symphony, he directed a series of String Quartet concertos, taught at the Pittsburgh Conservatory, and later at his own school.

Performing career
Then in 1910, he made a decision to return to Vienna to give concerts throughout Europe, appearing not only in recitals as a guest artist with orchestras, but also in chamber music concerts. Back from his concert tours, he was widely acclaimed by his peers. Moriz Rosenthal, Louis Rée (1861–1939), Vladimir de Pachmann, Emil Pauer, Fritz Kreisler and Eugène Ysaÿe all came to pay homage to a fine musician as was customary in music circles of the day. Between recitals, he remained active by teaching at the world-famous Patony Conservatory in Vienna. Many of his closest friends from his childhood days came long distances to see him, but it was his father's presence that gave him the deepest pleasure. The start of the First Balkan War in 1912, pitting Serbia and its Balkan allies against the Ottoman Empire, suddenly awakened an intense fervor of patriotism, equally shared by his father.

In 1912, Dr. T. Alexander Davies, a Toronto doctor, who arrived for postgraduate studies at Vienna's Medical School, came with a faculty offer (head of the violin department) from  Colonel Albert Gooderham, president of the newly established Canadian Academy of Music. A more prestigious offer came at the same time, the Philadelphia Orchestra needed a new conductor. Von Kunits, whose first love was conducting, was recovering from a mild heart attack, and so decided in favor of Toronto instead. (The man who accepted the Philadelphia position declined by von Kunits was Leopold Stokowski.)

Back to North America

The von Kunitses sailed to Canada with their newborn son, Astyanax, aptly named in the Classical tradition. His daughters were left at a boarding school to complete their education. But with the outbreak of the First World War, von Kunits got the news that his estate was lost, confiscated by the Austrians who were at war with Serbia. Von Kunits came from a line of Serbian Hussars who fought Ottoman occupiers at the border of Austria and Hungary. When Turks threatened to invade Western Europe, one of Kunich's ancestors rescued a prince of the realm who was badly wounded in battle, and consequently received a patent of nobility for his heroic action.

His daughters soon joined the family fold in Toronto, Ontario. He was at Toronto's Canadian Academy of Music, eagerly awaiting the arrival of his students, when World War I broke out in August 1914. When Canada entered the war, von Kunits found himself in an untenable position even in Toronto.

Internment

Immediately following the outbreak of the First World War, all citizens or former citizens of the Austrian Empire were deemed by the Canadian government as enemy aliens regardless of their ethnic origin. So was the case of Luigi von Kunits although he renounced his allegiance to Austria. Canada, gripped as it was in war fever, engaged in a fiercely hostile attack on anything or anyone Austrian and German. He persistently maintained that he was by descent a Serbian and had severed his ties with Austria for that reason.

Abuse and antagonism were felt by von Kunits throughout the war years. It was a tragic time for him. He had to report in line with all the rest of the aliens once or twice a week. It included not only Austrians, Hungarians, and Germans, but even Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Ruthenians, Rusyns, Rumanians, Italians (from Trieste, then part of the Austrian Empire) and other nationalities who came from territories ruled by the Habsburg monarchy. He was luckier than most, however, many ex-Austrian citizens were sent to concentration camps as "enemy aliens" to perform forced labor in steel mills, forestry, mines, etc. (Recently the Canadian First World War Internment Recognition Fund was created to recognize this sad period in Canadian history.)

"He would arrive at home white and drawn after these sessions. It was not an easy task for a sensitive musician and scholar, man of honor and simple kindness to face this ordeal," so wrote von Kunits' daughter, Mrs. Aglaia Edwards, in Mayfair Magazine. "He never uttered a word of complaint. Stoically he realized he simply had to report and that was the thing to do." But he did not withdraw completely from his concert work, he played at concerts where and when he could. He lived a secluded life in Toronto which was to be his home for the rest of his life. During this period he founded The Canadian Music Journal, taught violin and harmony to his admiring students, instilling the love of chamber music in them all. The war over, von Kunits returned to the concert platform with a recital in Massey Hall. The sorrowful waiting through the long years finally brought fruit. Von Kunits, who renounced his Austrian citizenship at the beginning of the war, finally became a Canadian citizen.

The Toronto Symphony Orchestra
Although Toronto had been a major music centre in Canada until 1917, in 1922 it was still without a professional symphony orchestra. Two young musicians, Louis Gesensway and Abe Fenboque, decided to approach von Kunits to tackle the difficult task of establishing the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. (check 12) The Toronto Star had, about that time, mentioned an attempt by Flora Eaton to get Sergei Rachmaninoff for the podium, but it all came to naught.

The sixty musicians who turned up for the first rehearsal were all from the orchestral pits of the silent-movie houses; the only free time they had for concerts was between matinees and evening shows. Von Kunits was assured that "there were sufficient skilled players, some of whom had played in Frank Welsman's Toronto Orchestra -- an organization founded in 1907 and which had become a casualty of the war in 1918 -- and some of whom, as von Kunits knew, were better musicians than their theatre jobs allowed them to show."

After some reflection, von Kunits accepted. Through the winter, he coached and encouraged some of his more advanced students so that they might be ready. He worked with theatre house musicians. And he spent sleepless nights re-scoring the music for his players and their instruments, keeping in mind their capacities.

By spring, von Kunits had brought the orchestra together, making it coalesce from its disparate elements was not easy. One musician of that time recalled a rehearsal when von Kunits could not get any kind of warmth and color from the cello section, even though the piece was marked appassionata.

"He tapped his music stand, looked solemnly at the whole string section, and said quietly: 'Would all those men under 60 please vibrate.' The difference at the next attempt was more notable."

On April 23, 1923, at five p.m. the New Symphony Orchestra, with von Kunits at the baton, made its debut in Massey Hall. With an initial complement of some sixty players, it soon became the eighty-five member Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1927, offering full-length concerts. After successful tours in Canada and the United States, audiences got bigger. Von Kunits brought the orchestra recognition and wide appeal. The excellence of his string section became the envy of other orchestras. Stokowski invited two of his pupils, Gesensway and Manny Roth, to join the Philadelphia Orchestra. By drawing into it some of the world's finest instrumentalists, Stokowski succeeded in creating the distinctive "Philadelphia sound" which brought his orchestra international acclaim. Other von Kunits's pupils of note were the U.S. composer Charles Wakefield Cadman, long-forgotten violinist and recording pioneer Vera Barstow, Canadian composers and violinists Harry Adaskin, Murray Adaskin, Maurice Solway, Eugene Kash. Indeed, von Kunits shaped a generation of string players, some of whom continued to play with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1980.

After nine years of struggle to win a place for a first-rate orchestra in Canada, von Kunits died on October 8, 1931.

Von Kunits left behind a tradition of dedicated musicianship and a solid framework of two potentially fine orchestras—the Pittsburgh Symphony and the Toronto Symphony—an achievement often overlooked today. Conductor Sir Adrian Boult of the London Philharmonic Orchestra once said of von Kunits that he was "rehearsing a soul without a body."

Many distinguished musicians were his pupils, including Vera Barstow, Murray Adaskin, Arthur Hartmann, Alberto Guerrero, Grace McDonald, and others.

See also
 Music of Canada
 List of Canadian composers

References
Toronto Star, October 9, 1931.
Kallmann, Helmut. Catalogue of Canadian Composers, Ottawa, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1952, p. 140
Academic American Encyclopedia, Princeton, NJ., Arete Publishing Co., 1981, Vol. 15, p. 322
Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1981, p. 509
Edwards, Aglaia Campbell. "He Founded the Toronto Symphony." Mayfair Magazine, October, November issues 1957.
Bridle, Augustus. "Luigi von Kunits, master in music, culture and energy," Luigi von Kunits, brochure (Toronto 1931)
"Musical bibliographies of Canadian composers, no. 5," Toronto Globe, 1 August 1936
Edinborough, Arnold. A Personal History of the Toronto Symphony (Toronto [1971])
Edwards, Aglaia von Kunits Campbell. "Memories of a musician's daughter," TS News, Dec-Jan 1972–3, Jan-Feb 1973
Petrovich, Michael M. "Luigi von Kunits: the man who made Pittsburgh and Toronto musical," Serbs in Ontario: A Socio-Cultural Description, Serbian Heritage Academy, Toronto, 1987, pages 183–190; and The Voice of Canadian Serbs, 27 November 1986

Works
3 Etudes for Violin (Kunits, Luigi von)

Notes

Sources

External links

1870 births
1931 deaths
19th-century Canadian composers
19th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Canadian male musicians
20th-century Canadian composers
20th-century Canadian conductors (music)
Austrian composers
Austrian conductors (music)
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Canada
Austrian male composers
Austrian violinists
Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto
Canadian male composers
Canadian people of Serbian descent
Canadian classical violinists
Male conductors (music)
Canadian male violinists and fiddlers
Serbian composers
Serbian conductors (music)
Serbian violinists
20th-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers


Calvin Eugene Garrett (born July 11, 1956) is an American retired National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball player. He played three seasons with the Houston Rockets (1980–81 to 1982–83) and one with the Los Angeles Lakers (1983–84).  He played in college at Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

References

1956 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Austin Peay Governors men's basketball players
Basketball players from Tennessee
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Montana Golden Nuggets players
Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball players
People from Decatur County, Tennessee
Small forwards
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


Padukone is a coastal village in Byndoor Taluk, Udupi District. It is also a surname from coastal Karnataka in India. Padukone Village surrounded by the Souparnika River. It  is near famous Maravanthe. A portion of Nada Grama and Hadavu Grama is under Padukone Village. In 2016 a bridge was constructed between Maravanthe and Padukone over the Souparnika River. Part of the village is surrounded by the Souparnika River and one has to cross this river in an old wooden boat from Maraswami. Padukone is surrounded by coconut trees, water, and kudru.

Notable people with that surname have included:

 Deepika Padukone, Indian actress, daughter of Prakash
 Prakash Padukone, Indian badminton player, father of Deepika
 Sanchita Padukone, Indian actress
 Guru Dutt, original name: Vasant Kumar Shivshankar Padukone, Indian film director and actor.

References

Surnames of Indian origin
Karnataka society

Byndoor
Byndoor Taluk
Udupi
Karnataka


Clinomics is the study of -omics data along with its associated clinical data. The term -omics generally refers to a study of biology.  As an example, genomics is the study of the entire genome of an organism and was the first -omics term.

As personalized medicine advances, clinomics will be a bridge between basic biological data and its effect on human health.  As an example, there have been studies of the genes expressed in certain cancer tissues as a way of classification of the cancer and the putative best form of treatment.

Already we know that certain genes such as BRCA1 are associated with a higher probability of developing breast cancer.  Clinomics takes the next step by looking at not only the genetics of the patient, but also such data as mRNA, metabolites, and proteins associated with a patient and a disease.

References

Genomics


ACA International  is a trade group located in the United States representing debt collection agencies, creditors, debt buyers, collection attorneys, and debt collection industry service providers. Founded in 1939 as the American Collectors Association, the organization changed its name to ACA International in 2001; it is based in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington, D.C.  ACA International members are located throughout the U.S. and more than 60 countries, representing more than 230,000 industry employees.

Industry overview
Collection agency services to their clients include billing, customer service, insurance verification, training, data clearinghouse services, and debt purchasing.

In 2010, third-party collection agencies recovered $54.8 billion on behalf of creditors, according to an economic impact survey conducted by Ernst & Young.   These agencies help employ more than 300,000 employees with a payroll of $10 billion.  In addition, third-party collection agencies contributed more than $85 million to charitable organizations and volunteered more than 650,000 hours in 2010.

As the trade association representing these businesses, ACA International lobbies for public policy favorable to its members, provides training and credentialing resources, establishes ethical standards and promotes the value of the industry to businesses, policymakers and consumers.

ACA code of conduct
ACA members agree to abide by a code of conduct. The code establishes standards of conduct for the industry. The code requires members to treat consumers with dignity and respect, and to appoint an officer with authority to handle consumer complaints. Under the code, ACA ceased the practice of investigating consumer complaints against members. Now, it instead forwards the complaint to the company with no follow-up or investigation.

References

External links
 ACA website
 Economic Impact of the Third-Party Debt Collections Industry
 Fair Debt Collection Practices Act - United States Federal Trade Commission
 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Collection agencies
Trade associations based in the United States


Santa Fe Snyder Corporation was an independent oil and gas exploration and production company headquartered in Houston, Texas. The company was formed by the 1999 merger of Houston-based Santa Fe Energy Resources and Fort Worth-based Snyder Oil Corporation. Santa Fe Snyder merged with Devon Energy in August 2000. Devon Energy Corp., Oklahoma City, has agreed to acquire Santa Fe Snyder Corp., Houston, for about $3.35 billion in stock and assumed debt, in a deal creating one of the top five US independent oil and gas companies. Devon Chairman Larry Nichols says the combined company will be stronger to compete than either partner would be independently. Santa Fe Snyder was a publicly held company traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol SFS.

Devon Energy Corporation, based in Oklahoma City, has entered into an agreement to purchase Houston-based Santa Fe Snyder Corporation for approximately $3.35 billion in a stock and assumed debt deal. The acquisition will establish the combined company as one of the top five independent oil and gas companies in the US, with Devon Energy Corporation retaining its name and remaining headquartered in Oklahoma City.

Under the terms of the deal, each Santa Fe Snyder common share will be exchanged for 0.22 shares of Devon common stock. This will result in Devon shareholders owning approximately 68% of the combined company, with Santa Fe Snyder shareholders owning the remaining 32%. The agreement includes taking on around $1 billion of debt and liabilities.

The merged entity will hold total proved reserves of around 1.1 billion boe, and is expected to be "stronger and better positioned to compete together than either would be independently," according to Larry Nichols, the current CEO of Devon Energy Corporation. The combined company's larger platform is anticipated to enhance both its drilling and acquisition strategies.

Although the companies expect to achieve cost savings of between $30-35 million per year, it is unclear if these will involve job cuts. The two firms have significant property overlap in core operating regions, such as the Rocky Mountains, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Permian basin.

The majority of the combined company's reserves will be located in North America, with a 58% weighting towards natural gas. Additionally, the company will hold substantial international reserves, including interests in Southeast Asia, South America, and Azerbaijan.

The boards of both companies have approved the merger, which is set to be finalized in the third quarter, subject to regulatory and shareholder approval. Devon's current CEO, Larry Nichols, will serve as president and CEO of the combined company, while James L. Payne, Santa Fe Snyder's CEO, will serve as vice-chairman. Devon's current chairman, James L. Pate, will be board chairman.

History
On January 13, 1999, Snyder Oil Corporation and Santa Fe Energy Resources announced their intention to merge. The merger was completed on May 5, 1999.

Santa Fe Snyder was engaged in the exploration, development, acquisition and production of crude oil and natural gas in the U.S. and certain international areas. Its core U.S. areas were the Gulf of Mexico, the Permian Basin and the Rocky Mountains and its core international areas were Southeast Asia and South America. The company also had oil production and conducted some exploration operations, in West Africa.

As of December 31, 1999, Santa Fe Snyder reported annual revenue of $510.3 million, net proved reserves of 386.3 million barrels of oil equivalents, and 1,408 employees.

Merger with Devon Energy
On May 26, 2000, Santa Fe Snyder and Devon Energy announced their intention to merge. The merger was completed three months later, making Devon Energy one of the top-five U.S.-based independent oil and gas producers in terms of market capitalization, total proved reserves and annual production.

References

External links

Santa Fe Snyder 10k

Companies based in Houston
Defunct oil companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Texas


also known as  was a Japanese samurai lord and senior retainer of the Ōtomo clan throughout the latter Sengoku period. He was the biological father of Tachibana Muneshige.

Biography
As Shigetane was additionally known by the name of 'Takahashi Shōun' during the earlier years of his life, he began his service beneath the Ōtomo of Bungo Province around this same initial time, with Ōtomo Sōrin as their leader and head. Eventually, Shigetane became the respective controller of the Takahashi clan, in which he was additionally regarded as one  "Great Pillars" of power to the Otomo clan along with Kamachi Akimori. Shigetane being granted Iwaya Castle that bordered Chikuzen Province in contribution to his authority and prestige.

The powerful Shimazu had conquered the Ryūzōji at Okitanawate in 1584, and by 1586 had set their aim upon the destruction of the Ōtomo, with whom they had a long, intense rivalry. This action forced Shigetane, who was unprepared, to strengthen his Castle defenses.

However, the forces of Shimazu Yoshihisa arrived and launch Siege of Iwaya Castle earlier than the Shigetane initially anticipated, and therefore Shigetane was desperately placed in a dilemma: on one hand he had no more than 763 men, and as the opposition respectively wielded around 35,000 soldiers, no form of defense could be utterly possible, considering that such a mass of military might was additionally set on solely besieging Iwaya castle, as opposed to splitting and assaulting from a different direction.
And as the circumstances would naturally have it, Shigetane was overwhelmed relatively immediately, but the forces in Iwaya somehow managed to survive for over two weeks before initially seeing that the situation was far beyond any length of salvation, forcing Shigetane to commit suicide there and then, who was consequently praised by the Shimazu for his bravery and conviction, despite being in a situation that entirely contradicted any means of victory.

During the siege of Iwaya Castle, a commanding officer of the Shimazu stopped his attack and said, "Why do you serve the unjust Ōtomo clan that makes light of Buddhism and has faith in Christianity? Your bravery has already been proven, please surrender." To which he answered: "Swearing allegiance and loyalty to your lord and his clan when he is powerful, and betraying the clan when it is weak. Many a man do that, but I owe a debt of gratitude to my lord and his clan, and therefore I cannot do such a thing. A samurai who is ungrateful is worse than animals." It was said that all men in the battlefield, including Shimazu's soldiers admired him.

His son Muneshige later was adopted to the Tachibana clan and succeeded Shigetane's daughter-in-law Tachibana Ginchiyo as the head of the clan.

Notes

References
 Takahashi Shigetane - SamuraiWiki. (Samurai Archives) FWSeal & CEWest, 2005
 Siege of Iwaya - SamuraiWiki. (Samurai Archives) FWSeal & CEWest, 2005

Samurai
Daimyo
1548 births
1586 deaths
Japanese warriors killed in battle


Carl Broemel (born January 30, 1974) is an American rock musician. He currently plays guitar, pedal steel guitar, saxophone and sings back-up vocals for the Louisville, Kentucky band My Morning Jacket. He played guitar in the pop/rock band Old Pike  and in the alternative pop/rock band Silvercrush.

History
Broemel grew up on the northside of Indianapolis, Indiana. The son of a symphony musician, he attended school and graduated from Pike High School.

In 2007 Broemel was listed among Rolling Stone's "20 New Guitar Gods" along with My Morning Jacket frontman Jim James. He has also released two solo albums. In 2010, he released his "Nashville" record All Birds Say. On October 11, 2010, Broemel played as a sit in guitarist with The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. In December 2010 Broemel contributed to Wanda Jackson's album The Party Ain't Over.

In 2019, Broemel accompanied Ray LaMontagne during LaMontagne's Just Passing Through Tour. Broemel played guitar, pedal steel guitar, and sang back-up vocals on the November 9 and 10, 2019 tour dates in Denver, Colorado.

Equipment
 Duesenberg Starplayer TV (black with gold pickguard)

Discography

Solo albums
 Lose What's Left (2004)
 All Birds Say (2010)
 4th of July (2016)
 Wished Out (2018)
 Brokenhearted Jubilee (2019) (EP, with Eric Hopper)

With My Morning Jacket
 Z (2005)
 Evil Urges (2008)
Circuital (2011)
 The Waterfall (2015)
The Waterfall II (2020)
My Morning Jacket (2021)

References

External links

 My Space Page
 Twitter Page

1974 births
Living people
Musicians from Indianapolis
American male guitarists
American rock guitarists
ATO Records artists
My Morning Jacket members
Pike High School alumni
20th-century American guitarists


Claude Onesta, (born 6 February 1957 in Albi, France), is a French handball coach, responsible of France's Men's handball team from 2001 to 2016.

Currently he is holding the position of General Manager of French Men's National Handball Team since 2016 after retiring from coaching career.

With his Russian counterpart Vladimir Maksimov, he has one of the most successful Handball coaching records with titles in major competitions such as The Olympics, The World Championship, and The European Championship. In January 2010, he led his team to a second European title becoming the first men's handball team to simultaneously hold the 3 major titles. It remains a record a year later, in January 2011, at The World Championship in Sweden, and on August 12, 2012,  he led training that won a second consecutive Olympic Title at London. He again led the French team to The European Championship Title in 2014 after a victory against Denmark, the host country. He allowed the French team to win The World Championship Title at Qatar in 2015, by winning the finals against the host country. In total, Claude Onesta has led France to 9 finals, 8 of which were won.

Biography
Claude Onesta was born in 1957 in Albi, to Ginette, a Tarnaise and Augustus, an Italian immigrant ( his father's family emigrated from Italy because of Fascism, at first passing by Brazil). His father was a rugby league (Xlll) player in Albi and Villefranche-de-Rouergue.

Courses with Toulouse Handball
The Toulouse Handball Club has always been the club of Onesta: he began in 1968 at 11 and continued till 1987, when he became coach of the club. Under his leadership, the club made it to the elites in 1995. In the late 1990s, handball was the development of sport behind Toulouse FC and Toulousain Stadium. The head of the talented players were Jerome Fernandez, Christophe Kempe, Bruno Martini and Stephane Plantin,  and Onesta made the most of his team, leading them to 3rd place of the French Championships 1997–1998, and mainly the winner of the France Cup 1998, having the best results of the club. If Onesta and the Toulousains reached the final for the France Cup 1999, the club would not have been able to confirm their best results, especially as the Toulouse sports project was aborted in the 2000s because of the disappearance of the basketball club.

The difficult debut for the French team
Before the Championship Title, he took the place of Daniel Costantini as the head coach of the French team. Under his direction, France received 2 new world medals with bronze in 2003 and 2005, a year which was also the farewell of Jackson Richardson to the team. During the World Cup in Tunisia, Onesta was on the verge of being fired after the very bad start of the French team during the preliminary round, in which they were defeated by Greece and forced to draw  in the match against the Tunisians. On January 29, 2005, The French had to decide to leave or to double, which was necessary against Denmark (32-26), to save the name of their coach,  before winning third place in the tournament with a win (26-25) against the Tunisians, the hosts of the tournament.

At the head of a legendary team
At the 2006 European Championship, he made his mark on French Handball by achieving a goal which his predecessor could not: winning a medal in a European Championship, and this was especially impressive considering that the European Championship was deemed the most difficult competition, and that handball was a sport in which all the best teams were European. This goal was accomplished in the most beautiful of fashions, by beating Spain who held the world title, after eliminating the Olympic Champions, the Croatians, at the semi-finals.

The 2007 World Championship which occurred the next year remains a difficult episode for Onesta and the French, as they were defeated by the German team, largely because of the referees who were biased in favor of the German team, and as a result made many unfair calls. At the end of that match, Onesta declared: “A sense of injustice was present but we are still proud. It was a heroic game. This worldwide game is made for the Germans and the pressure of international authority certainly played. We knew we had won by a 3-4 goal lead.”

For the 2008 European Championship, which took place in Norway, Claude Onesta had to deal with the withdrawal of two key players, Michaël Guigou and Joël Abati, as well as the disturbed preparation of another player, Bertrand Gille, because of a shoulder injury. The French team won all three of its games in the first round, and went on to beat Spain and Germany in the main round, securing its spot in the semi-finals. However, when it came to their match against the Croatian team, led by the brilliant Ivano Balić and Petar Metličić, they weren't as fortunate, and lost the match by a single point, with the final score of 23–24. The French team played against the German team in the match for 3rd place, and they got back at them for their defeat in 2007, beating them with a score of 36–26, and leaving the Europe Championship with a bronze medal.

Onesta led the team to the Olympic Title for the first time in 2008, at Pekin. The French Team, first in its group, faced the Russian Team in the quarter-final, defeating them 27–24. They went on to face the Croatian team once again at the semi-final. The French team took their revenge on the European Handball Champions, defeating them 25–23, largely thanks to a stunning performance by Cedric Burdet, a player who Onesta brought back into handball after he was thought to end his career a few months earlier. At the finals, France faced off against Iceland and defeated them 28–23, winning their first Olympic title ever.

In 2009, Onesta led the French team to the World Championship Title in Croatia, where they defeated the Croatians in their own stadium, the Zagreb Arena, in front of 15,000 spectators. With this victory, the French handball team entered the small circle of teams to  have held both Olympic World Titles,  after Germany (1936-1938), Yugoslavia (1984-1986) and the CIS-Russia (1992-1993). With these titles, Onesta became the first French national coach to have obtained 3 major titles: The European Championship, The Olympic Championship, and The World Championship. He was also the second to have achieved this feat in handball, after Russian coach, Vladimir Maximov.

On the 31st of January, 2010, the French handball team achieved a historic feat. With the defeat of the Croatians 25–21 at the European Championship held in Austria, the French team simultaneously held all three major titles: The European Championship, the World Championship, and The Olympic Championship. During this competition, which began in a rather laborious fashion for the favorites, Claude Onesta somewhat surprised observers by starting matches without Daniel Narcisse, with the left back position being occupied by Jerome Fernandez, and the right-back position being occupied by Sebastien Bosquet, who actually played better as a left back. This tactic had the effect of focusing on the players in the back, and France profited from this decision in the second period.

On the 30th of January 2011, the French team was back at the World Championship final. They went overtime to win against Denmark 37–35, and with this victory they won their 5th consecutive international competition, and added a 4th star on their jersey.

Some believed that the “Experts”, as the French team was called, had finally run out of luck after a poor performance at the Euro 12 ( they placed 11th), but Onesta quieted the naysayers after he led the French team to their second Olympic Title at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, with a victory over Sweden 22-21 during the final in August. Onesta's team was described by many commentators as the best team in history. At the end of the match, Ivano Balic commented : “ It’s the best team of all time!”. Six months later, the Blues were at the World Championship in Spain. They bowed out at the quarter-finals when they lost to the Croats. After 12 seasons of domination and with a record Onesta described as “a surreal 20”, he stated his belief that “in the coming years, alternation, therefore, should predominate. And we will share the podium.”

And yet, on the 26th of January 2014, Onesta once again led the French team to the European Championship Title. The Blues were the underdogs when they faced off against Denmark, considering their recent loss at the World Championship and the fact that Denmark had the luxury of playing in their own stadium, but they dominated the championship, and, in the final, managed to defeat the Danes in a sure victory. Leading 13-4 after 17 minutes and 23–16 at halftime, the Blues demonstrated, silencing the 15,000 fans in red and white. “Public pressure became negative for the Danes.” recounted Onesta at the end of the match, “Some players, like Landin, were thrown off balance.” Onesta's methods were discussed: Notably his tendency to conserve the key players ( Nikola Karabatic, Luc Abalo, Thierry Omeyer...) and integrate the younger players such as Valentin Porte and Luka Karabatic.

For the 2015 World Championship in Qatar, the French team won four of its group matches and drew one, but not in their normal fashion. During the eighth round and the quarter-final, the team got back into their stride, crushing Argentina 33-20 and Slovenia 32–23. In the semifinal, they faced Spain and defeated them 26–22, largely thanks to Thierry Omeyer, who was crowned MVP. The team went on win the Championship, defeating Qatar 25–22 in the final round.

Personal life
His daughter Marina, who is nicknamed “International Hope”, plays in the Women's Toulouse Handball Team.

His cousin Gérard Onesta is a historic leader of the Greens (and now the Europe Ecology Greens) in the south west. He was a European MP from 1999 to 2009 and a four time vice-president of the European Parliament. He also has an older brother, Bruno Onesta, who is a professor of technology at a French High School in Puducherry, India.

References

French male handball players
French handball coaches
National team coaches
1957 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic silver medalists for France
Sportspeople from Albi


Donald Marsh Middlebrooks (born December 31, 1946) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Education and career
Middlebrooks was born in Orlando, Florida. He received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration degree from the University of Florida in 1968. He received a Juris Doctor from the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida in 1972, and had served as student government president during his time in law school.

From 1973 to 1974, Middlebrooks was in private practice in Orlando, and was an assistant general counsel, governmental assistant, and general counsel for Governor Reubin Askew from 1974 to 1977. He returned to private practice for the next twenty years in West Palm Beach, Florida.

U.S. district judge
Middlebrooks serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Nominated by president Bill Clinton on January 7, 1997 to a seat vacated by James W. Kehoe, Middlebrooks was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 23, 1997, and received his commission on May 27, 1997.

Notable cases

 Electronic Frontier Foundation vs. Shipping & Transit (2016): Middlebrooks dismissed the case against patent troll Martin Kelly Jones (Case No.:16-CV-80855-MIDDLEBROOKS/BRANNON).
 Donald J. Trump v. Hillary R. Clinton, et.al (2022): Middlebrooks dismissed the suit brought by Donald Trump against Hillary Clinton, the Democratic National Committee, and 26 others, seeking damages for alleged conduct surrounding the 2016 presidential election. Middlebrooks concluded that "most of Plaintiff’s claims are not only unsupported by any legal authority but plainly foreclosed by binding precedent as set forth by the Supreme Court and the Eleventh Circuit." and that Trump "is not attempting to seek redress for any legal harm; instead, he is seeking to flaunt a two-hundred-page political manifesto outlining his grievances against those that have opposed him, and this Court is not the appropriate forum." Two months after he dismissed the case, Middlebrooks assessed Trump's lawyers $50,000 in penalties, plus $16,000 to cover the legal fees paid by one of the defendants. In a later ruling, he imposed additional sanctions of $937,989.39 on Trump and his lead law firm in the litigation for bringing a lawsuit “in bad faith for an improper purpose” that “needlessly harmed” the defendants, “in order to dishonestly advance a political narrative.”

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
Lawyers from Orlando, Florida
United States district court judges appointed by Bill Clinton
University of Florida alumni
Members of the American Law Institute


Stanley Bennion (9 February 1938 – 5 August 2013) was an English professional footballer. He played in the Football League as a winger for Wrexham and Chester.

Playing career
Bennion progressed through Wrexham's youth setup and signed as a part-time professional with the club in September 1959. He went on to make more than 50 league appearances over the next four years but his opportunities became limited after the signing of Arfon Griffiths in 1962. The following season saw him agree to join Halifax Town, but the move collapsed and Stan joined Chester in time for the 1963–64 season as part of a swap deal with Bill Myerscough.

He made 20 league appearances in his first season with Chester but did not make any more the following season, although he did play in a Welsh Cup tie at Wrexham. He also scored both goals when captain of the Chester side that beat Tranmere Rovers 2–0 to win the Cheshire Bowl.

Bennion then dropped into non-league football, playing for New Brighton until 1970 and then spending four years with Rhyl. He continued to play local football in the Chester area into the 1990s. Outside football he has been employed by Cheshire County Council.

External links

Bibliography

References

1938 births
2013 deaths
Footballers from Chester
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
New Brighton A.F.C. players
Rhyl F.C. players
English Football League players


"Saturday Love" is a song performed by American R&B singers Cherrelle and Alexander O'Neal. The song was written and produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and was released in October 1985. It peaked at No. 2 on the US R&B chart and became a moderate pop hit peaking at No. 26 on the US Hot 100 in the spring of 1986. It reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart, and No. 7 on the Irish Singles Chart. The song appeared on Cherrelle's gold album, High Priority on Tabu Records and included an extended spoken dialogue introduction skit set in a bar.

In 2007, O'Neal re-recorded the song for his album Alex Loves..., released in February 2008.  This version featured the vocals of Bianca Lindgreen, a long-time friend of O'Neal's. Also in 2008, the special edition EP Saturday Love - 2008 Remixes was released, featuring 11 club/house remixes as well as an a cappella version. O'Neal and Cherrelle reunited and performed the song at the 2011 BET Awards and afterwards presented the Best New Artist Award.

The song has been sampled almost 100 times. This includes both samples and interpolations. Popular songs that sample "Saturday Love" include Junior Jack's "My Feelings", 50 Cent's "I Get It In", Spaceghostpurrp's "Friday" and Charli XCX's "How Can I Not Know What I Need Right Now".

Keke Wyatt version

"Saturday Love" was recorded by American R&B singer Keke Wyatt, taken from her third studio album Unbelievable (2011). It features Ruben Studdard and was produced by "J.R." Hutson. The song was released as the album's lead single on May 24, 2011 worldwide.

Track listing
Digital download
"Saturday Love" – 3:59
"Saturday Love" (Misfitz Remix) – 3:26

Charts

Release history

References

External links

1985 songs
1985 singles
Cherrelle songs
Alexander O'Neal songs
Keke Wyatt songs
Male–female vocal duets
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Tabu Records singles


There are two feature films based on the manga and anime series Yu Yu Hakusho by Yoshihiro Togashi. The films were produced by Studio Pierrot and released in Japan theatrically, the first Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie in 1993 and the second Yu Yu Hakusho the Movie: Poltergeist Report in 1994. Before Funimation Entertainment acquired the rights to the anime in 2001, the films were dubbed and released in North America by two other companies. The first by Anime Works and the second by US Manga Corps, both released in 1998. However, the first film and the OVAs (Eizou Hakusho I and II) have since been acquired by Funimation and they produced a new English dub of the film using their original cast from the anime. These were released together as Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie & Eizou Hakusho on December 13, 2011.

Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie

Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie, also known as The Golden Seal, is a 30-minute film that was released theatrically in Japan on July 10, 1993 at the seasonal Toei Anime Fair. The movie was directed by Noriyuki Abe. The movie was English dubbed by Anime Works and Animaze and released on VHS on June 9, 1998 and on a single DVD with Ninku: The Movie on January 30, 2001. Funimation Entertainment later released the film to DVD, along with the Eizou Hakusho OVAs, on December 13, 2011 as Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie & Eizou Hakusho, featuring a new English dub with their original voice cast from the anime.

Like the television series, it features the songs "Smile Bomb" and "Sayonara Bye Bye" by Matsuko Mawatari (Sarah White and Stephanie Nadolny in the FUNimation English version) for its opening and closing credits respectively.

Plot
While vacationing, Koenma is kidnapped by a pair of demons known as Koashura and Garuga, who demand the possession of Lord Enma's coveted "Golden Seal". Botan finds Yusuke Urameshi and Kazuma Kuwabara on their summer vacation as well, and asks for their assistance in Koenma's rescue.

Voice cast

Reception
According to Martin Ouelette of Protoculture Addicts, the movie did little to satisfy fans of the YuYu Hakusho series during its original release due to its short running time. Reviewing the Funimation release, Carl Kimlinger of Anime News Network gave the subtitled version a "B+", the English dub a straight "B", and called the story disposable stating the film is more focused on "having fun with its theatrical budget".

Yu Yu Hakusho the Movie: Poltergeist Report

Yu Yu Hakusho the Movie: Poltergeist Report, known in Japan as , is the second of the films based on the series. The 95 minutes long film was released in theaters in Japan on April 9, 1994. The film was later dubbed into English by Central Park Media and Skypilot Entertainment and was released on VHS on March 3, 1998 and DVD on October 8, 2002. A DVD reprint was later issued by Central Park Media on January 31, 2006. The film was later released on Blu-ray as a part of the Yu Yu Hakusho: 25th Anniversary Box collection on July 27, 2018.

The film features the ending theme "Sayonara wa Iwanai" composed by JILL and sung by Personz.

Plot
The story begins in the Spirit World, where the River Styx is overflowing, due to a tsunami. As this is no ordinary storm, Koenma gives a mysterious item to Botan, and tells her to give it to Yusuke Urameshi, but Botan gets hurt badly and hides it instead. The storm was apparently caused by the forces of the Netherworld, which was banished into cold space ages ago by Lord Enma. To restore balance in the now flooded Spirit World and with Hinegashi's guidance, Yusuke and the others must track down five spots on Earth that contain a large amount of spiritual energy. However, their mission is thwarted when the ruler of the Netherworld, Yakumo and his three demon gods decide to use the same energy to restore their place on Earth. The race begins to save the Spirit World, and now the Human World as well.

Voice cast

Reception
Reviewing the 2002 DVD release, Allen Divers of Anime News Network gave the subtitled version a "B" and the dubbed version a "C". He noted that the film has all the action, drama and comedy that makes the TV series great, but with higher-quality animation and artwork due to a theatrical budget. Divers stated that the dub was well-done and close to the original Japanese, but said it was disappointing that a different English voice cast from the TV series was used. The VHS version was the 31st-best selling video during its release week in North America. It fell to number 37 the following week and rose to number 34 the third week.

References

External links

films
Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie
Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie
Anime films based on manga
Funimation
Medialink
Yu Yu Hakusho the Movie: Poltergeist Report
Yu Yu Hakusho the Movie: Poltergeist Report
Pierrot (company)


Contrast in visual perception is a felt difference in appearance of two or more parts of a field seen simultaneously or successively (hence: brightness contrast, lightness contrast, color contrast, simultaneous contrast, successive contrast, etc.).

Contrast in physics is a quantity intended to correlate with the perceived brightness contrast, usually defined by one of a number of formulae (see below) which involve e.g. the luminances of the stimuli considered, for example: ΔL/L near the luminance threshold (known as Weber contrast), or LH/LL for much higher luminances.

A contrast can also be due to differences of chromaticity specified by colorimetric characteristics (e.g. the color difference ΔE CIE 1976 UCS).

Visual information is always contained in some kind of visual contrast, thus contrast is an essential performance feature of electronic visual displays.

The contrast of electronic visual displays depends on the electrical driving (analog or digital input signal), on the ambient illumination and on the direction of observation (i.e. viewing direction).

Luminance contrast

The "luminance contrast" is the ratio between the higher luminance, LH, and the lower luminance, LL, that define the feature to be detected. This ratio, often called contrast ratio, CR, (actually being a luminance ratio), is often used for high luminances and for specification of the contrast of electronic visual display devices. The luminance contrast (ratio), CR, is a dimensionless number, often indicated by adding ":1" to the value of the quotient (e.g. CR = 900:1).

 with 1 ≤ CR ≤

A "contrast ratio" of CR = 1 means no contrast.

The contrast can also be specified by the contrast modulation (or Michelson contrast), CM, defined as:

 with 0 ≤ CM ≤ 1.

CM = 0 means no contrast.

Another contrast definition is a practical application of Weber contrast, sometimes found in the electronic displays field, K or CW, is:

 with 0 ≤ CW ≤ 1.

CW = 0 means no contrast, while maximum contrast, CWmax equals one, or more commonly described as a percentage like Michelson, 100%.

A modification of Weber by Hwaung/Peli adds a glare offset to the denominator to more accurately model computer displays. Thus the modified Weber is:

This more accurately models the loss of contrast that occurs on darker display luminance due to ambient light conditions.

Color contrast

Two parts of a visual field can be of equal luminance, but their color (chromaticity) is different. Such a color contrast can be described by a distance in a suitable chromaticity system (e.g. CIE 1976 UCS, CIELAB, CIELUV).

A metric for color contrast often used in the electronic displays field is the color difference ΔE*uv or ΔE*ab.

Full-screen contrast

During measurement of the luminance values used for evaluation of the contrast, the active area of the display screen is often completely set to one of the optical states for which the contrast is to be determined, e.g. completely white (R=G=B=100%) and completely black (R=G=B=0%) and the luminance is measured one after the other (time sequential).

This way of proceeding is suitable only when the display device does not exhibit loading effects, which means that the luminance of the test pattern is varying with the size of the test pattern. Such loading effects can be found in CRT-displays and in PDPs. A small test pattern (e.g. 4% window pattern) displayed on these devices can have significantly higher luminance than the corresponding full-screen pattern because the supply current may be limited by special electronic circuits.

Full-swing contrast
Any two test patterns that are not completely identical can be used to evaluate a contrast between them. When one test pattern comprises the completely bright state (full-white, R=G=B=100%) and the other one the completely dark state (full-black, R=G=B=0%) the resulting contrast is called full-swing contrast. This contrast is the highest (maximum) contrast the display can achieve. If no test pattern is specified in a data sheet together with a contrast statement, it will most probably refer to the full-swing contrast.

Static contrast
The standard procedure for contrast evaluation is as follows:
Apply the first test pattern to the electrical interface of the display under test and wait until the optical response has settled to a stable steady state,
Measure the luminance and/or the chromaticity of the first test pattern and record the result,
Apply the second test pattern to the electrical interface of the display under test and wait until the optical response has settled to a stable steady state,
Measure the luminance and/or the chromaticity of the second test pattern and record the result,
Calculate the resulting static contrast for the two test patterns using one of the metrics listed above (CR,CM or K).

When luminance and/or chromaticity are measured before the optical response has settled to a stable steady state, some kind of transient contrast has been measured instead of the static contrast.

Transient contrast

When the image content is changing rapidly, e.g. during the display of video or movie content, the optical state of the display may not reach the intended stable steady state because of slow response and thus the apparent contrast is reduced if compared to the static contrast.

Dynamic contrast

This is a technique for expanding the contrast of LCD-screens.

LCD-screens comprise a backlight unit which is permanently emitting light and an LCD-panel in front of it which modulates transmission of light with respect to intensity and chromaticity. In order to increase the contrast of such LCD-screens the backlight can be (globally) dimmed when the image to be displayed is dark (i.e. not comprising high intensity image data) while the image data is numerically corrected and adapted to the reduced backlight intensity. In such a way the dark regions in dark images can be improved and the contrast between subsequent frames can be substantially increased. Also the contrast within one frame can be expanded intentionally depending on the histogram of the image (some sporadic highlights in an image may be cut or suppressed). There is quite some digital signal processing required for implementation of the dynamic contrast control technique in a way that is pleasing to the human visual system (e.g. no flicker effects must be induced).

The contrast within individual frames (simultaneous contrast) can be increased when the backlight can be locally dimmed. This can be achieved with backlight units that are realized with arrays of LEDs. High-dynamic-range (HDR) LCDs are using that technique in order to realize (static) contrast values in the range of CR > 100.000.

Dark-room contrast

In order to measure the highest contrast possible, the dark state of the display under test must not be corrupted by light from the surroundings, since even small increments ΔL in the denominator of the ratio (LH + ΔL) / (LL + ΔL) effect a considerable reduction of that quotient. This is the reason why most contrast ratios used for advertising purposes are measured under dark-room conditions (illuminance EDR ≤ 1 lx).

All emissive electronic displays (e.g. CRTs, PDPs) theoretically do not emit light in the black state (R=G=B=0%) and thus, under darkroom conditions with no ambient light reflected from the display surface into the light measuring device, the luminance of the black state is zero and thus the contrast becomes infinity.

When these display-screens are used outside a completely dark room, e.g. in the living room (illuminance approx. 100 lx) or in an office situation (illuminance 300 lx minimum), ambient light is reflected from the display surface, adding to the luminance of the dark state and thus reducing the contrast considerably.

A quite novel TV-screen realized with OLED technology is specified with a dark-room contrast ratio CR = 1.000.000 (one million). In a realistic application situation with 100 lx illuminance the contrast ratio goes down to ~350, with 300 lx it is reduced to ~120.

"Ambient contrast"

The contrast that can be experienced or measured in the presence of ambient illumination is shortly called "ambient contrast". A special kind of "ambient contrast" is the contrast under outdoor illumination conditions when the illuminance can be very intense (up to 100.000 lx). The contrast apparent under such conditions is called "daylight contrast".

Since always the dark areas of a display are corrupted by reflected light, reasonable "ambient contrast" values can only be maintained when the display is provided with efficient measures to reduce reflections by anti reflection and/or anti-glare coatings.

Concurrent contrast

When a test pattern is displayed that contains areas with different luminance and/or chromaticity (e.g. a checkerboard pattern), and an observer sees the different areas simultaneously, the apparent contrast is called concurrent contrast (the term simultaneous contrast is already taken for a different effect). Contrast values obtained from two subsequently displayed full-screen patterns may be different from the values evaluated from a checkerboard pattern with the same optical states. That discrepancy may be due to non-ideal properties of the display-screen (e.g. crosstalk, halation, etc.) and/or due to straylight problems in the light measuring device.

Successive contrast

When a contrast is established between two optical states that are perceived or measured one after the other, this contrast is called successive contrast. The contrast between two full-screen patterns (full-screen contrast) always is a successive contrast.

Methods of measurement

 contrast of direct-view displays
 contrast of projection displays

Depending on the nature of the display under test (direct-view or projection) the contrast is evaluated as a quotient of luminance values (direct-view) or as a quotient of illuminance values (projection displays) if the properties of the projection screen is separated from that of the projector. In the latter case, a checkerboard pattern with full-white and full-black rectangles is projected and the illuminance is measured at the center of the rectangles. The standard ANSI IT7.215-1992 defines test-patterns and measurement locations, and a way to obtain the luminous flux from illuminance measurements, it does not define however a quantity named "ANSI lumen".

If the reflective properties of the projection screen (usually depending on direction) are included in the measurement, the luminance reflected from the centers of the rectangles has to be measured for a (set of) specific directions of observation.

Luminance, contrast and chromaticity of LCD-screens is usually varying with the direction of observation (i.e. viewing direction). The variation of electro-optical characteristics with viewing direction can be measured sequentially by mechanical scanning of the viewing cone (gonioscopic approach) or by simultaneous measurements based on conoscopy.

See also
Contrast (vision)
Interferometric visibility

References

External links
 Charles Poynton: Reducing eyestrain from video and computer monitors
 Contrast of Sonys XEL-1 OLED-TV-screen with ambient illumination

Display technology
Liquid crystal displays
Engineering ratios
Television technology


Arina Andreyevna Ushakova (; born 18 December 1989) is a Russian pair skating coach and former competitor. With Sergei Karev, she is the 2005 Golden Spin of Zagreb silver medalist and 2007 Winter Universiade bronze medalist. They placed 5th at the 2008 European Championships.

Personal life
Ushakova was born 18 December 1989 in Perm. She is married to former pair skater Vladislav Zhovnirski, with whom she has a child (born  2016).

Career
Ushakova teamed up with Alexander Popov in 2000. After training under Liudmila Kalinina, they moved to the husband-and-wife team of Valentina and Valeri Tiukov, who coached them in Perm. Ushakova/Popov won four medals on the JGP series – one gold, two silver, and one bronze – and qualified twice for the JGP Final. Their partnership ended in 2005.

Ushakova teamed up with Sergei Karev in 2005, moving from Perm to Moscow in order to train with him. Originally coached by Nina Mozer, the pair switched to Natalia Pavlova ahead of the 2007–08 season. Ushakova/Karev won the bronze medal at the 2008 Russian Nationals and were sent to the 2008 European Championships where they finished 5th. In the long program, they had a fall on a lift but were not injured. They split at the end of the season due to Karev's serious illness. After a tryout with Jerome Blanchard, she decided to retire from competition.

Ushakova works as a coach in Moscow. She has coached Arina Cherniavskaia / Antonio Souza-Kordeyru and Albina Sokur / Roman Pleshkov.

Programs

With Karev

With Popov

Results
JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Karev

With Popov

References

External links

 Tracings.net profile

1989 births
Figure skating coaches
Sportspeople from Perm, Russia
Living people
Russian female pair skaters
Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Universiade bronze medalists for Russia


Gates Airport  is a public use airport in Geauga County, Ohio, United States. It is located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) north of the central business district of Garrettsville, a village in Portage County, Ohio. The airport is privately owned by the Cleveland Parachute Center and managed by Robert Gates.

Facilities and aircraft
Gates Airport covers an area of 146 acres (59 ha) at an elevation of 1,110 feet (338 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 8/26 with a turf and gravel surface measuring 2,800 by 100 feet (853 x 30 m).

For the 12-month period ending September 9, 2010, the airport had 4,200 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 11 per day.

References

External links
 Cleveland Parachute Center
 Aerial image as of April 1994 from USGS The National Map

Airports in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Geauga County, Ohio
Transportation in Geauga County, Ohio


Stade Maurice Boyau is a multi-use stadium in Dax, France.  It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches and is the home stadium of US Dax.

Opened in 1958, it is named for World War I fighter ace and pre-war French international rugby player Maurice Boyau.

The stadium is officially able to hold 7,262 people since the renovation held in 2019. It was previously officially able to hold 16,170 people.

References

External links
Photo of stadium

Maurice Boyau
Sports venues in Landes (department)
Sports venues completed in 1958
US Dax


The 1911 Cleveland Naps season was a season in American major league baseball. It involved the Cleveland Naps attempting to win the American League pennant and finishing in third place (22 games back). They had a record of 80 wins and 73 losses.

The Naps played their home games at League Park II.

Regular season

Addie Joss
Addie Joss, the ace starting pitcher for the Naps, experienced fainting spells while training for the 1911 season. He died of tubercular meningitis on April 14, at his home in Toledo, Ohio, leaving behind his wife and two young children. Joss's funeral took place on April 17 in Toledo, when the Naps were scheduled to play the Detroit Tigers. The players declared their intention to strike if the game that day was not postponed. Though American League president Ban Johnson initially did not agree, he cancelled the game. Several Tigers players attended the funeral as well.

Charles Sommers, the owner of the Naps, began to plan the Addie Joss Benefit Game, which was held at League Park in Cleveland on July 24, a mutual off day for all teams in the American League. An all-star team played against Cleveland, defeating the Naps by a score of 5–3. In total, nine players from the game were later inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Cy Young and Nap Lajoie for Cleveland, Walter Johnson, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Tris Speaker, Sam Crawford, Home Run Baker, and Bobby Wallace for the all-stars. The game raised $12,914 for Joss's widow ($ in current dollar terms); the sum was more than double Joss's annual salary.

Season highlights

In his rookie season, Shoeless Joe Jackson hit .408, which ranked second in the American League. He also finished in the league top 10 in home runs, RBI, runs scored, and stolen bases. Jackson was fourth in the Chalmers MVP Award voting.

Vean Gregg led the starting pitchers of the team in several categories: he had a total of 23 wins and seven losses; he pitched  innings, yet maintained a league-leading 1.80 ERA, while striking out 125 batters.

Young, 44 years old at the time, played part of his final season with the 1911 Cleveland Naps team.

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Awards and honors

League top ten finishers
Vean Gregg
 MLB leader in ERA (1.80)
 #2 in AL in shutouts (5)
 #4 in AL in wins (23)
 #8 in AL in complete games (22)

Shoeless Joe Jackson
 MLB leader in on-base percentage (.468)
 #2 in AL in batting average (.408)
 #2 in AL in slugging percentage (.590)
 #2 in AL in runs scored (126)
 #2 in AL in hits (233)
 #2 in AL in doubles (45)
 #3 in AL in triples (19)
 #4 in AL in home runs (7)
 #6 in AL in stolen bases (41)
 #9 in AL in RBI (83)

Gene Krapp
 #10 in AL in strikeouts (132)

References

External links
1911 Cleveland Naps season at Baseball Reference
Baseball-Almanac
Game log at Baseball-Reference

Cleveland Guardians seasons
Cleveland Naps season
1911 in sports in Ohio


Walton Hall Academy (formerly Walton Hall Community Special School) is a mixed special school of approximately 150 pupils. The school is based in Eccleshall, Staffordshire. It is a Grade II listed building, and part of the Shaw Education Trust.

History
Walton Hall was an Italian style 19th-century country house which was built in 1848 for Henry Killick (d 1874), who was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1862. It was later occupied by James Cadman DSC (1828-1947) a coal mining engineer, and brother of Baron Cadman who was High Sheriff in 1933 and Deputy Lieutenant.

The school has undergone significant renovations since it first opened. It was originally an all-girls school. The Cyril Jones Centre changed into the area for staff and students of Key Stage 4, which was originally in the same area as Key Stage 3. The science laboratory became the new Year 9 classroom in 2017.
In October 2014 the school converted to academy status as part of the Shaw Education Trust. the school was then renamed Walton Hall Academy.

See also
Listed buildings in Eccleshall

References
  Images of England: Walton Hall

Grade II listed buildings in Staffordshire
Special schools in Staffordshire
Academies in Staffordshire
Eccleshall
Staffordshire
Shaw Education Trust
Special secondary schools in England


John Harkness Dixon (23 July 1888 – 1 April 1972) was the 7th Anglican Bishop of Montreal from 1943 to 1960 and then Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada (and thus Archbishop of Montreal) for a further two years.

Born in Iroquois, Ontario he was educated at the University of Toronto before embarking on an ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Fenaghvale, Ontario. This was swiftly followed by elevation to posts in Ottawa, during which time he was appointed a  Canon of the cathedral . After a further 8 years in the Diocese of Toronto he was appointed Dean of Montreal in 1940  before being made bishop in 1943.

References

See also
List of Anglican Bishops of Montreal

1888 births
1972 deaths
University of Toronto alumni
Deans of Montreal
Anglican bishops of Montreal
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Metropolitans of Canada


Jan Ellen Goldstein (born 1946) is an American intellectual historian of Modern Europe. She is the Norman and Edna Freehling Professor of History at the University of Chicago, and co-editor of the Journal of Modern History.

Scholarship
Goldstein obtained her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1978.  Her academic interests include:
French intellectual and cultural history from the 18th through the 20th centuries
History of the human sciences (Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis)
Philosophical conceptions of selfhood and the self
Historical methodology

Her books include Console and Classify, about the birth and development of the French psychiatric profession in the 19th century, which has become a classic in its field. More recently, Goldstein published The Post-Revolutionary Self: Politics and Psyche in France, 1750–1850, which charts the competition among several French schools of philosophical psychology that vied to replace Sensationalism in the late 18th century.

She has also worked as editor on a volume of the University of Chicago's Readings in Western Civilization series, 19th Century Europe: Liberalism and its Critics, a collection of primary source documents used in the History of European Civilization core sequence in the College.

Editorship and other activities
She has served since 1996 as co-editor of the Journal of Modern History, the leading journal of intellectual, cultural and political history of Modern Europe. The post is shared by University of Chicago historian John W. Boyer.

Goldstein was a named a Guggenheim fellow in 1992. In 2010, she was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

She was elected president of the American Historical Association for 2014–2015.

Select publications
Hysteria Complicated by Ecstasy: The Case of Nanette Leroux (Princeton University Press, 2010).
The Post-Revolutionary Self: Politics and Psyche in France, 1750–1850 (Harvard University Press, 2005).
Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. (Cambridge University Press, 1987)  French translation, 1997.  2nd ed. with new afterword (University of Chicago Press, 2001).
"Of Marx and Marksmanship: Reflections on the Linguistic Construction of Class in Some Recent Historical Scholarship," Modern Intellectual History, 2 (2005): 87–107.
"Bringing the Psyche into Scientific Focus: A Political Account," in Theodore Porter and Dorothy Ross, eds., The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 7: The Modern Social Sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 131–153.
"The Case History in Historical Perspective: Nanette Leroux and Emmy von N.," in Muriel Dimen and Adrienne Harris, eds., Storms in Her Head: Freud and the Construction of Hysteria (New York: Other Press, 2001), pp. 143–167.
"The Future of French History in the United States: Unapocalyptic Thoughts for the New Millennium," French Historical Studies 24:2 (Winter 2001): 1–10.
"Mutations of the Self in Old Regime and Post-Revolutionary France: From Ame to Moi to Le Moi," in Lorraine Daston. ed., Biographies of Scientific Objects (University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 86–116.
"Framing Discipline with Law: Problems and Promises of the Liberal State," American Historical Review 98:2 (April  1993): 364–375.
"The Hysteria Diagnosis and the Politics of Anticlericalism in Late Nineteenth-Century France," Journal of Modern History  Vol. 54, No. 2, June 1982.

References

External links
Official Faculty Webpage
Journal of Modern History
Higby Prize listing

1946 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
Intellectual historians
University of Chicago faculty
Columbia University alumni
Historians of Europe
Historians of France
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American women historians
21st-century American women writers
Academic journal editors


The Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway was a railway company formed to link Christchurch and Bournemouth, England, to the London and South Western Railway's Southampton and Dorchester line at Ringwood. The RC&BR opened in 1862 from Christchurch to Ringwood, and was extended to Bournemouth in 1870, sharing in the growing popularity of the town. However the route was circuitous, and the London and South Western Railway opened a shorter route between Brockenhurst and Christchurch via Sway in 1888, making the Ringwood to Christchurch section a branch line.

A feature of the line was that a landowner had the right to stop any train at a private station, a fact that became an embarrassment when express trains started to operate.

The section from Ringwood to Christchurch closed in 1935, but the Christchurch to Bournemouth section remains as part of the South West Main Line.

Origins
The London and South Western Railway (LSWR) reached Southampton in 1840, and independent interests promoted the Southampton and Dorchester Railway to connect Dorchester to London. The line was built, opening in 1847, but its route took it on a northerly alignment from Brockenhurst through Ringwood and Wimborne. The line was leased to, and worked by the LSWR, and later absorbed by it. Bournemouth was not an important settlement at the time, and was left some distance from the line; it had a population in 1851 of only 1,330. There was a branch serving Poole, but that was located on the south side of the Holes Bay inlet.

In the following decade, Bournemouth grew in importance and it became desirable to provide a railway connection. After a failed attempt, local interests promoted the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway, a  line from the northern margin of Christchurch to the Southampton and Dorchester line near Ringwood. As originally designed, the junction there would have faced west, towards Wimborne. The route followed the valley of the River Avon. The engineer was Captain William Moorsom.

Early LSWR opposition having been withdrawn, the railway obtained its authorising Act of Parliament on 8 August 1859, with capital of £45,000. The contractor was Thomas Brassey and the line was quickly constructed; the west facing junction at Ringwood was changed to face towards Southampton, the new line running alongside the double track of the Southampton and Dorchester line for some distance, joining it at Ringwood station. It was a single line, with sharp curves and difficult gradients.

First opening
The line opened on 13 November 1862; it was worked by the LSWR.

There was one intermediate station at Hurn and a private halt at Avon Lodge. The latter was located on the private road to Avon Castle; the site is on Avon Castle Drive near the Junction with Windmill Lane.

Extension to Bournemouth
Connecting Christchurch to the main line network was only a first step, and income from the line was very poor. Undaunted by the poor response to calls on shares, the Company took powers by Act of 13 July 1863 to raise an additional £30,000 and extend the line  to the east side of Holdenhurst Road in Bournemouth; the present-day Bournemouth station is on the west of that road. The location was criticised by a local newspaper as being too far from the town centre.

On 14 March 1870 the line opened throughout, with the LSWR working the entire line for half the gross receipts. There were five trains a day at first, taking about 35 minutes for the journey to and from Ringwood, making intermediate calls at Hurn and Christchurch. This immediately brought considerable passenger traffic to the line and revived its financial state; through carriages between Bournemouth and London were arranged from 1 March 1872, detached at Ringwood from Weymouth Trains, and the little company was able to pay dividends.

With its difficult gradients—there was a 1 in 99 (1%) gradient rising from Christchurch to Bournemouth — and curves, and a  speed limit, the line was now on the main route from London to Bournemouth.

Avon Lodge station
The private station at  was the result of a clause inserted into the Company's authorising Act; Williams says that the 1859 Act had required the Company to keep a "lodge" where the line crossed the road at the entrance to Avon Cottage, and the owner or occupier had a perpetual right to exhibit a red flag by day and a red lamp by night against any 'ordinary train', which was required to stop. When express trains started operating on the line this became objectionable to the Company, and a lawsuit followed; the judgement allowed the Company to refuse to stop express trains.

Evidently Avon Cottage was a considerable property: the census of 1871 calls Avon Cottage an "estate". The third Earl of Malmesbury owned it at the time of the authorisation of the line, but he sold it in 1863 and it was the purchaser's grandson who pressed the issue.

The situation was described in the Railway Magazine:

On the London and South-Western Railway's line, between Ringwood and Christchurch, there is a private station worth notice. It is about a mile and a half from Ringwood, and is on the estate of Avon Castle, which place is now a private residence, tenanted and owned by Colonel Ralph Peacock.

When the line in question was constructed the property here was owned by the late Turner Turner, Esq., and by arrangement with him certain private rights and privileges were allowed to exist by the railway company, which have obtained until to-day, and still continue. The proprietor of Avon Lodge Station has the sole right of using it either for passenger traffic or goods. The "general staff" consists of one man all told—and this man is station-master, signalman, booking-clerk, porter, etc., combined. This station is absolutely a "private" one...

There is one small room on the platform which does duty as booking-hall, waiting-room, and station master's office, besides serving for a luggage bureau, etc. If any passenger, not being a guest or visitor to Avon Castle, however, wishes to alight at this interesting station, Col. Peacock does not usually raise any objection, and such passenger can generally have his wish gratified by informing the guard, who will specially stop the train at the platform.

Sale to the LSWR
On 1 January 1874, the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway was purchased by the LSWR.

Improvements to the route to Bournemouth

As Bournemouth grew in importance the frustration of the route deviating by way of Ringwood, and the slow progress on the route, became objectionable. Doubling the line was considered, but a new direct line from Brockenhurst to Christchurch, and doubling the line from there to Bournemouth, were obviously a better option. The Bournemouth station would be reconstructed west of Holdenhurst Road (actually the present location of Bournemouth station) and a new, spacious central station off Branksome Wood Road would be built. A Poole branch from Broadstone, entering from the west, had opened in 1872, and the new line was to connect with it. In fact the new construction was limited to the new line from Lymington Junction, a little west of Brockenhurst, to the Bournemouth station at Holdenhurst Road, which for the time being was a terminus.

The new Bournemouth station opened on 20 July 1885, and on 30 May 1886 the Christchurch to Bournemouth section was doubled, and a new station at Christchurch was opened, in preparation for the new route: the original station there was immediately east of Bargate and inconveniently aligned for the new route. On 1 July 1886 a Boscombe station was opened. A series of difficulties with the construction process meant that it was not until 5 March 1888 that the new line from Lymington Junction—usually referred to as the Sway line—opened, concurrently with the connecting line from the Bournemouth ("East") station to the West station.

From 1888 until 1935
From 1888 the London to Bournemouth route passed over the new Sway line to Christchurch and thence over the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth line to the site of the original Bournemouth station; from there the trains ran to the West station, which was a terminus. Weymouth and Bournemouth trains divided at Brockenhurst, the Weymouth portion continuing over the original Southampton and Dorchester route, and the Bournemouth portion over the new line. Trains from Bournemouth West towards Dorchester required to reverse direction at Poole Junction, later called Broadstone. It was not until 1893 that a direct route across Holes Bay was constructed. Meanwhile, the original section between Ringwood and Christchurch became a minor rural branch.

Chronology of stations
 Ringwood station was on the Southampton and Dorchester line; it was provided with a covered bay platform for the Christchurch line.
 Avon Lodge has been referred to above, and was open throughout the life of the Ringwood to Christchurch section. A private siding was provided.
 Herne (renamed Hurn on 9 June 1897) The station had a passing loop until 9 August 1929.
 Christchurch; the original station was relocated a little to the west to conform to the alignment of the new Sway line; this change took effect on 30 May 1886, although the Sway line did not open until later.
 Boscombe station opened on 1 July 1886. It was renamed Pokesdown (Boscombe) in 1891, and renamed again simply Pokesdown from 1 June 1897. In 1930 it was relocated a little to the west of the original, which then closed. The new station was provided with quadruple tracks, with platforms on the outer tracks only.
 Boscombe (second) station opened on 1 June 1897. It closed to passengers on 4 October 1967.
 Bournemouth station opened on 14 March 1870. This first Bournemouth station was a simple affair, with a single platform and run-round, and a goods shed and a second siding.

When the Bournemouth West station opened on 15 June 1874, the RC&BR station was renamed "Bournemouth East".

 Bournemouth East (second station). Opened by the LSWR on 20 July 1885, when the original RC&BR station was reduced to goods station status.

The Disused Stations website has photographs and further descriptive material for closed stations; see

Avon Lodge at
and
Hurn at

Closure north of Christchurch
The line between Ringwood and Christchurch declined in use, and the Southern Railway closed it on and from Monday 30 September 1935, the last service train running on the previous Saturday, 28 September. However according to the Southern Railway Magazine a special train of two camping coaches,with passengers, worked between Hurn and Christchurch on Saturday 5 October 1935.

Since 1935
The Christchurch to Bournemouth section remains open as part of the South West Main Line. British Railways electrified it with direct current third rail on 10 July 1967.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Navigable 1930s map showing course of railway
 Route map
 Google map showing route of the Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway

History of Bournemouth
History of Christchurch, Dorset
Pre-grouping British railway companies
Railway companies established in 1859
Railway lines opened in 1862
Railway companies disestablished in 1874
Closed railway lines in South East England
1859 establishments in the United Kingdom
1862 establishments in England
British companies established in 1859
British companies disestablished in 1874


Eric Tinkler (born 30 July 1970) is a South African football coach and former player who manages Cape Town City.

Early and personal life
Tinkler was born in Roodepoort.

Club career
Tinkler played club football for Wits University, União de Tomar,  Vitória, Cagliari, Barnsley, Caldas and Bidvest Wits.

Tinkler moved from Italian club Cagliari to English club Barnsley on 1 July 1997 for a transfer fee of £650,000.

International career
Tinkler earned 45 caps for the South African national team between 1994 and 2001, scoring 1 goal. He was part of the South Africa squad that won the 1996 African Cup of Nations, playing in the final.

Coaching career
Tinkler became head coach of Orlando Pirates in December 2013; in May 2015 it was announced that he would continue in that role for the 2015–16 season. Tinkler left Orlando Pirates to become the first head coach of Cape Town City club on 17 June 2016. On 8 June 2017 he moved to become head coach of SuperSport United. He quit in March 2018.

After a spell with Chippa United, he became manager of Maritzburg United in January 2019. He left the club in November 2020.

He returned as manager of Cape Town City on 24 May 2021.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Cape Town City
Telkom Knockout Final

Supersport United
MTN 8 Cup Final

References

1970 births
Living people
People from Roodepoort
Soccer players from Gauteng
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
South African men's soccer players
South Africa men's international soccer players
South African expatriate men's soccer players
South African expatriate sportspeople in England
South African expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
South African expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Bidvest Wits F.C. players
Cagliari Calcio players
Barnsley F.C. players
Premier League players
Primeira Liga players
Serie A players
1996 African Cup of Nations players
1997 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
White South African people
Caldas S.C. players
Orlando Pirates F.C. managers
Cape Town City F.C. (2016) managers
South African soccer managers
SuperSport United F.C. managers
Men's association football midfielders
English Football League players
Chippa United F.C. managers


Stade du Moulias, officially known as Stade Jacques-Fouroux and also known as Stade Patrice-Brocas (actually the name of the sports complex where the stadium sits), is a multi-use stadium in Auch, France.  It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches and is the home stadium of FC Auch Gers.  The stadium is able to hold 7,000 people.

External links
Stadium information

Moulias
Sports venues in Gers


Līwa ( / ALA-LC: laywah) is a Khaleeji traditional dance of African origin performed in Eastern Arabia (Arab states of the Persian Gulf), mainly within communities of descendants of people from the Swahili Coast (Tanzania and Zanzibar). It is also performed by the African-descended Sheedi community, as well as the Baloch of Makran Coast and Karachi area.

Overview
A large number of male participants arrange themselves into a circle, which is anchored by one or several drum players. A man paces in the middle of the group playing a simple reed instrument called mizmar or surnai, whose plaintive sharp sound reminds the listener of an oboe. The circle claps and dances in place, while individuals join a line which rhythmically paces around the inside of the circle. The Liwa is a more casual dance than the others, and can be performed with great spirit and banter from the young men who usually take part.

The three backing drums for this dance are the shindo, the jabwah, and the jasser. More recently, a fourth drum—known as the Peeper—was added. This drummer plays a dominant role, which gives him plenty of opportunity for a virtuoso performance.

The mizmar has an oboe-like sound and produces a haunting melody, which is lent particular poignancy by the eastern tonic scale to which it is tuned. Like the oboe, it is made in two pieces, with a double reed fitted into the second piece. The best instruments these days are made of African hardwood in Mombassa and Dar Es Salaam. Their cost can be as high as $2,000.

The Liwa begins with a mizmar solo of about six minutes in slow tempo. The drums join in, followed by the ten dancers/singers, and gradually the pace increases to reach a spectacular swirl of activity. The whole dance takes about 25 minutes and both men and women can be involved in a performance.

The singing is always performed in Swahili—the native language of Tanzania and Zanzibar. These were both major trading partners with the Persian Gulf in centuries past, and have lent their language and culture to influence this fascinating dance.

It is especially performed on Eid and other celebrations.

See also
 Fann At-Tanbura
 Fijiri
 Sawt (music)
 Yowlah

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080203142429/http://www.arab.net/uae/ue_music.htm
 http://www.alshindagah.com/may/dances.htm
 Africans in the Persian Gulf
 Video of Liwa in Kuwait
 (en) Poul Rovsing Olsen, "La Musique Africaine dans le Golfe Persique", Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 19, (1967), pp. 28–36
 (fr) Maho Sebiane, « Le statut socio-économique de la pratique musicale aux Émirats arabes unis : la tradition du leiwah à Dubai », Chroniques yéménites, 14, Numéro 14, 2007].
 (fr) Maho Sebiane, "Entre l’Afrique et l’Arabie : les esprits de possession sawahili et leurs frontières", Journal des africanistes, 84-2 | 2014, 48-79.
 (en) Maho Sebiane, Beyond the leiwah of Eastern Arabia Structure of a possession rite in the longue durée, Música em Contexto, Brasília Nº. 1 (2017): 13-44
 (fr) Maho Sebiane "Nuisances et chaos des Vents. Expressions de l’agressivité dans un rite de possession en Arabie orientale", Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie 33, 2020: 113-131
 Liwa and Tanbura from Africa to Bahrain, Part 2, Al Waqt newspaper, 21 Feb 2009

Middle Eastern dances
Arabic music
Bahraini music
Baloch culture
Kuwaiti music
Emirati music
Pakistani music
Omani music
Music of the African diaspora


Sergei Anatolyevich Karev (, born 31 March 1986) is a Russian retired pair skater. With former partner Arina Ushakova, he is the 2005 Golden Spin of Zagreb silver medalist and 2007 Winter Universiade bronze medalist. They placed 5th at the 2008 European Championships.

Career
Early in his pairs career, Karev competed with Daria Kaziutchitz. They placed 9th at the 2005 Russian Championships and 5th at the Russian Junior Championships.

In 2005, Karev teamed up with Arina Ushakova, with whom he trained in Moscow. Originally coached by Nina Mozer, the pair switched to Natalia Pavlova ahead of the 2007–08 season. Ushakova/Karev won the bronze medal at the 2008 Russian Nationals and were sent to the 2008 European Championships where they finished 5th. In the long program, they had a fall on a lift but were not injured. They split at the end of the season.

Programs
(with Ushakova)

Results
JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Ushakova

With Kaziutchitz

References

External links

 Tracings.net profile

Russian male pair skaters
Living people
1986 births
Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Sportspeople from Lipetsk
Universiade bronze medalists for Russia


The News of Cumberland County, previously the Bridgeton Evening News, was a daily newspaper in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. It was published from 1879 until 2012, when it merged with two other papers from the South Jersey area, Today's Sunbeam and the Gloucester County Times, to form the South Jersey Times.

History
The paper was founded as the Bridgeton Evening News in 1879. For most of its existence it focused on news in Bridgeton, New Jersey, but it produced a zoned edition for the neighboring city of Millville named the Millville Evening News as well. The paper was successful during the 20th century, attaining a circulation of over 25,000, the highest of any New Jersey paper south of Camden. In 1989 the paper's owners, the Schofield family, sold it to the American Publishing Company (now the Sun-Times Media Group). The company subsequently sold the Bridgeton Evening Times to MediaNews Group in 1996.

Advance Publications bought MediaNews' New Jersey and Pennsylvania newspapers in 2000. Advance renamed the paper Bridgeton News; the Millville zoned edition became the Millville News. Both editions were merged on November 3, 2008 to form The News of Cumberland County. In 2012 The News was merged with two other Advance Publications papers in the South Jersey area, Today's Sunbeam and the Gloucester County Times, to form the South Jersey Times. News staff were brought over to the new regional publication; its last edition was published on November 3, 2014.

References

External links
Contacts list & general information

Cumberland County, New Jersey
Newspapers published in New Jersey
Newspapers established in 1879
Advance Publications
Publications disestablished in 2012