The 1969 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was the tenth running of the Bathurst 500 production car race. It was held on 5 October 1969 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. Cars competed in five classes based on purchase price (Australian dollars) of the vehicle.

The race was won by the newly formed Holden Dealer Team with Colin Bond and Tony Roberts with teammates Peter Brock and Des West finishing third in their Holden Monaro GTS350's, with the team's third car finishing sixth. In between them in second position was defending race winners Bruce McPhee and his single-lap co-driver Barry Mulholland driving a Phase 1 Ford Falcon GTHO. McPhee and Mulholland, who had won in 1968 driving the Holden Monaro GTS327, had originally intended to race a Monaro 350 in 1969 but after receiving no help from Holden, instead decided to race one of the new Falcons.

Peter Brock and Canadian Allan Moffat made their Bathurst débuts in the race. Brock with Harry Firth's Holden Dealer Team, and Moffat driving a works Falcon GTHO with Alan Hamilton. Between them, Brock and Moffat would go on to win 13 of the next 17 Bathurst 500/1000s (until 1987), with Brock winning a record nine times (all for Holden), and Moffat winning four times for Ford.

The Ford Works Team were the favourites to win the race with their new Falcon GTHOs which with their new 5.8-litre (351 cui) V8's proved to have a speed advantage over the 5.7-litre (350 cui) Monaros. However, the decision by Ford Works Team's American manager Al Turner to import special racing tyres for the Falcons proved to be a disaster. During the race numerous tyre failures put the Works cars out of contention. After early tyre failures on the Ian and Leo Geoghegan car, as well as the Fred Gibson and Barry Seton car, Turner called Moffat into the pits for a tyre change. There it was found that Moffat had been far easier on his tyres than either Ian Geoghegan or Seton and that the stop was not necessary. As of 2016, Moffat believes that this decision cost himself and co-driver Alan Hamilton the race win. The day after the race, Ford ran a full page newspaper advert stating "We were a little deflated" referring to the tyre failures.

1969 was also notable for the first lap crash which saw at least one third of the field forced to retire or continue with accident damage. Bill Brown rolled his Falcon GTHO coming through Skyline, all but blocking the track while John French, who qualified 21st, rolled his Alfa Romeo 1750 GTV trying to avoid the carnage that Brown's rollover caused. One driver lucky to escape the carnage was Allan Moffat who had pulled up just out of The Cutting on the first lap with his Falcon stuck in neutral. Once he got going he was able to weave through the bedlam at Skyline and continue on his way. For Brown, it would be the first of three rollovers at Bathurst on the same piece of road (McPhillamy Park - Skyline), with the second in 1971 bringing a lucky escape from death.

Class structure

Class A
The smallest class was for under cars the cost less $1,860. It was made up of Datsun 1000, Hillman Imp, Morris Mini K and Toyota Corolla.

Class B
The $1,861 to $2,250 class was dominated by the Datsun 1600, but also contained Ford Cortina, Hillman Gazelle, Morris 1500, Renault 10 and Volkswagen Type 3.

Class C
The $2,251 to $3,100 class saw a mix of Chrysler Valiant, Fiat 125, Ford Capri, Mazda R100, Morris Cooper S and Renault 16.

Class D
The $3,101 to $4,500 class featured the outright contenders, Ford Falcon GTHO and Holden Monaro, but also contained a single Toyota Corona.

Class E
For cars over $4,500, had a single automatic gearbox version of the Ford Falcon GT but otherwise was all Alfa Romeo with 1750 GTV and a single 1750 Berlina.

Top 10 Qualifiers

Results

Statistics
 Pole Position - #59 Ian Geoghegan - 2:48.9
 Fastest Lap - #61 Moffat/Hamilton & #60 Gibson/Seton - 2:52.1 (lap record)
 Average Speed - 123 km/h
 Race Time - 6:32:25

References

External links
 CAMS Manual reference to Australian titles
 race results

Motorsport in Bathurst, New South Wales
Hardie-Ferodo 500
October 1969 sports events in Australia


was a Japanese kabuki actor in the Kamigata style and was officially designated a Living National Treasure. Unlike most kabuki actors, he performed both male and female roles, and was renowned as both a skilled  (actor of male roles in the  tradition) and  (actor of female roles). He was the fourth in the line of Sakata Tōjūrō, having revived the name after a lapse of over 230 years.

Lineage
Though he bears no direct hereditary connection to the previous lineage of Sakata Tōjūrō which he has revived, Tōjūrō traced his line back several generations within the kabuki world. He is the eldest son of Nakamura Ganjirō II, grandson of Nakamura Ganjirō I, and great-grandson of Nakamura Kanjaku III who was adopted into the kabuki families by Nakamura Utaemon IV.

Tōjūrō's sons Nakamura Ganjirō IV and Nakamura Senjaku III perform as kabuki actors, as do his grandsons Nakamura Kazutarō and Nakamura Toranosuke.

Life and career
He was born on New Year's Eve 1931, the eldest son of actor Nakamura Ganjirō II. He made his first appearance on stage in October 1941, under the name Nakamura Senjaku II, at the Kado-za in Osaka, in the play Komochi Yamanba.

Throughout his career, he has performed primarily in Osaka, performing in both traditional pieces long in the repertoire, and in new kabuki works, primarily by playwright Nobuo Uno. He also frequently took part in revival performances in Tokyo of works by the great bunraku (puppet theatre) playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon. "The Love Suicides at Sonezaki" (Sonezaki Shinjū), one of the playwright's most famous works, was performed for the first time since before World War II at the Shinbashi Enbujō in 1953. The playwright's 250th memorial service was observed with the revival of Horikawa Nami no Tsuzumi in 1973.

In 1982, Senjaku founded the Chikamatsu-za, a traveling troupe devoted to performing and reviving Chikamatsu's works. These tours have taken him to many cities across Japan, as well as England, the US, China, and elsewhere, not only doing performances, but lectures and cultural workshops as well. The tours frequently feature "The Love Suicides at Amijima" (Amijima Shinjū), and sometimes feature the revivals of plays not performed for centuries. The 1998 tour saw the revival of Keisei Mibu Dainenbutsu which had not been performed since 1702.

Senjaku inherited his father's name and became Nakamura Ganjirō III in November 1990, in a shūmei ceremony at the Kabuki-za in Tokyo. Ganjirō was then named a Living National Treasure (人間国宝, ningen kokuhō) in 1994.

He took the name Sakata Tōjūrō in December 2005. He adopted this new name at the Minami-za in Kyoto.  His goal was  reviving the lineage which had died out over 230 years prior, with the death of Sakata Tōjūrō III in 1774. He sought to not only honor the memory of the line of Sakata Tōjūrō before him, who pioneered, developed, and maintained the Kamigata (Kansai) kabuki tradition, but also as part of an effort to revive and maintain that tradition himself. He is thus, like the other Tōjūrō before him, seen as a symbol of the Kamigata tradition, and as the top actor in that tradition.

In addition to performing, Tōjūrō oversaw and participated in a number of cultural programs to help encourage interest in kabuki, and to maintain the Kamigata tradition. He has also performed abroad, his September 2007 tour taking him to Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou. In December of that year, he celebrated his 77th birthday (a special birthday in Japan) with a performance of Musume Dōjōji.

Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Sakata Tōjūrō IV, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 30+ works in 30+ publications in 2 languages and 170+ library holdings .

 近松劇への招待 : 舞台づくりと歌舞伎考 (1989) with Koshirō Uno;
 通し狂言宿無団七時雨の傘 : 三幕六場 (1992) with Shōzō Namiki and Ginsaku Tobe
 一生青春 (1997) with Michiko Toki
 雁治郎芸談 by 中村雁治郎 (2000) Kiyoshi Mizuochi
 恋飛脚大和往来. 封印切 : 一幕 (2000) with Mansaku Tatsuoka
 加賀見山旧錦絵: 通し狂言: 四幕七場 (2004) with Yōtai Yō and Shōichi Yamada
 坂田藤十郎 : 歌舞伎の真髄を生きる (2006)

Honors
 1990 – Medal with Purple Ribbon
 1994 – Living National Treasure
 2003 – Person of Cultural Merit
 2006 – Osaka Culture Prize Cultural Transmission Prize
 2008 – Praemium Imperiale
 2009 – Order of Culture

See also
 Nakamura Kanzaburō

Notes

References

 . (2008). . Tokyo: .
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 58053128

External links
  Kabuki 21, Sakata Tōjūrō IV

1931 births
Kabuki actors
2020 deaths
Male actors from Kyoto
Living National Treasures of Japan
Spouses of Japanese politicians
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Persons of Cultural Merit
Recipients of the Order of Culture
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale


Theodor Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Kaulbach (8 July 1822 – 17 September 1903) was a German painter from Bad Arolsen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont. His father was Christian Kaulbach (1777–1847), a cabinet maker in Arolsen.  He was also the cousin and at one time the student of the painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach, son of Philipp Karl Friedrich v. Kaulbach (1775–1846), goldsmith and amateur painter.

Early years

After a visit to Venice in 1844, he and his uncle parted ways.  He painted independently until 1848, when he executed the painting Adam and Eve beside the body of Abel.  This led to a call to a professorship at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, which he declined.

In 1850 he traveled to Paris, where he produced historical paintings, and supported himself through portraiture.  In 1850, Maximilian II of Bavaria commissioned him to paint the Coronation of Charlemagne for the Museum Maximilianeum.  The picture was completed in 1861.

Establishment as court painter in Hanover

Kaulbach served as the court painter to King George V, whom he repeatedly portrayed, where he was a favorite portrait painter of the local nobility.  While he was the court painter to Hanover, he received a professorship at the Technical University. Among other benefits, the king gave him his own studio and residential building, designed by the architect Christian Heinrich Tramm (1857–60) on Waterloo Street in Hanover.  The house today is part of the Waterloo Beergarden.   In her memoirs, his daughter  described the visitors to the family home, who included  Johannes Brahms, Clara Schumann, Franz Liszt, Joseph Joachim, Ernst von Wildenbruch and Anton Rubinstein.

His numerous portraits, such as those of  Empress Elisabeth, Crown Prince Albrecht, and the Count and Countess Stolberg, are extraordinarily detailed, even luminescent. His best women's portraits enhanced his reputation. Kaulbach received the Gold Medal from the  Berlin Art Academy at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair.

Friedrich Kaulbach's grave may be found at the  in Hanover.

Kaulbach's sons, Friedrich August, Anton and Sigmund (1854-1894) were also painters.

Prominent works
Adam and Eve by Abel's Body (1848, Museum für Bildende Künste, Leipzig)
Elisabeth Nay (1860; Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum)
Coronation of Charlemagne (1861, Maximilaneum, München)
Juliet Capulet’s Wedding Morning (1862–1903; Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum, Hannover)
Blind King George V (c. 1866; Hannover, Niedersachs. Landesmuseum)

References
Isidore Kaulbach, Friedrich Kaulbach.  Memories of my father's home.  Berlin: 1931.
Henning Rischbieter: Hannoversches Lesebuch or: What in Hanover, and Hanover written, printed and read the paper.  Volume 2: 1850-1950.  2nd  Ed Hanover: Schlueter 1991, p. 102-105 (with excerpts from Isidore Kaulbachs memories).
 Hugo Thielen, Hannoverian biographical dictionary.  From its beginnings to the present day.  Hanover: Schlueter 2002, p. 195.

External links

1822 births
1903 deaths
People from Bad Arolsen
People from the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
Court painters
Munich School
Von Kaulbach family


Talleyville is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Talleyville is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 202, Mt. Lebanon Road, and Silverside Road to the north of Wilmington. Its ZIP code is 19803.

The population of the ZCTA for ZIP code 19803 was 21,022 at the 2000 census.  The William Hicklen House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It was a distinct census-designated place for the 1990 U.S. Census.

The Talleys were a prominent family in the Brandywine Hundred.

Education
Talleyville is in the Brandywine School District.

See also
William Talley House (Wilmington, Delaware)
Talleys Corner, Delaware

References

External links

Unincorporated communities in New Castle County, Delaware
Unincorporated communities in Delaware


Dave O'Donnell is an American record producer, engineer and mixer, known for his work with James Taylor, Sheryl Crow, Bettye LaVette, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, John Mayer, Lyle Lovett, Milton Nascimento, Keb' Mo' and Ray Charles.

In 1984, O'Donnell began work at Power Station studios in Manhattan, beginning as a runner and working his way up to engineer. During this period he worked with artists including Eric Clapton, Ian Hunter, Mick Ronson and Chic. He went on to work as a freelance record producer, engineer and mixer. In 2000, O'Donnell began a long-standing relationship with James Taylor and has since worked with him on five studio albums over the last 20 years.

Awards
Grammy nominations
 2015 - Best Engineered Album - James Taylor - Before This World - producer, engineer and mixer.
 2007 - Best Engineered Album - Deborah Cox - Destination Moon - engineer
 2006 - Album of The Year - John Mayer - Continuum - engineer
 2003 - Best Engineered Album - Aaron Neville - Nature Boy - The Standards Album - engineer

Grammy wins
 2020 - Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album - James Taylor - American Standard - producer, engineer, mixer
 2010 - Best Jazz Vocal Album - Kurt Elling - Dedicated To You - mixer

TEC Award wins
 2015 - "Record Production Album" - James Taylor - Before This World - producer, engineer and mixer
 2008 - "TV Sound Production" - One Man Band - producer, engineer, mixer
 2008 - "Surround Sound Production" - One Man Band - producer, engineer, mixer
 2006 - "Record Production Album" - John Mayer - Continuum - engineer
 2006 - "Record Production Single" - John Mayer - Waiting On The World To Change - engineer

Emmy nominations
 2014 - "Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety Series or Special" - The Kennedy Center Honors' Music Tributes - mixer
 2009 - "Outstanding Achievement in Live and Direct to Tape Sound Mixing" - We Are One - The Obama Inaugural Celebration - engineer, mixer

Selected works

2020 - Sheryl Crow - Woman in the White House - mixing engineer, recording
2020 -	Sheryl Crow - In the End - mixing engineer, recording
2020 - Josh Groban Harmony	- Engineer, Mixing
2020 -	Bettye LaVette - Blackbirds - engineer, mixing, recording
2020 - James Taylor - American Standard - producer, engineer, mixer
2019 - Sheryl Crow - Threads - engineer, mixer
2019 - Clark Beckham "I Need" - mixer
2018 - Bettye LaVette - Things Have Changed - engineer, mixer
2016 - Keith Urban - "Gone Tomorrow" - engineer
2015 - Keith Richards - Crosseyed Heart - engineer, mixer
2015 - James Taylor- Before This World - producer, engineer, mixer
2015 - Boz Scaggs - "Rich Woman" - mixer
2014 - Smokey Robinson - "Ain't That Peculiar" - producer, engineer, mixer
2014 - Henry Butler & Steve Bernstein - Vipers Drag - engineer, mixer
2013 - Katy Perry - "Birthday" - engineer
2013 - Heart - "Stairway To Heaven" - mixer
2013 - Ray Charles - "None of Us Are Free" - mixer
2012 - K'naan ft. Keith Richards - K'naan ft. Keith Richards - "Sleep When I Die" - engineer
2012 - Fiorella Mannoia - Sud - mixer
2011 - Kelly Clarkson - "Why Don't You Try" - engineer
2009 - James Taylor - Other Covers - producer, engineer, mixer
2009 - Kurt Elling - Dedicated To You - mixer
2009 - Benny Reid - Escaping Shadows - engineer
2008 - James Taylor  - Covers - engineer
2007 - Eric Clapton & Keith Richards - "Key to The Highway" - mixer
2007 - Kurt Elling - Nightmoves - engineer
2007 - Patti Scialfa - Play It As It Lays - engineer
2007 - James Taylor - One Man Band - producer, engineer, mixer
2006 - John Mayer - Continuum - engineer
2006 - Skye Edwards - "What's Wrong With Me?" - producer, remix
2005 - John Mayer - The Village Sessions - mixer
2005 - Burt Bacharach - At This Time - engineer
2004 - Circo - En el Cielo de Tu Boca  - mixer
2004 - Volume Cero - Estelar - mixer
2003 - Aaron Neville - Nature Boy - engineer
2003 - Kronos Quartet with Astor Piazzola - Five Tango Sensations - mixer
2003 - Lyle Lovett - "G.T.O." - engineer, mixer
2002 - Jimmy Buffett - Far Side of The World - engineer, mixer
2002 - Deep Purple - "Hush" - mixer
2000 - James Taylor - October Road - engineer, mixer
2000 - Lyle Lovett - "What I'd Say?" - engineer, mixer
2000 - Keb' Mo' - The Door - engineer, mixer
1999 - Lyle Lovett - "Summer Wind" - engineer, mixer
1998 - Milton Nascimento - Tambores De Minas - mixer
1997 - Milton Nascimento - Nascimento - engineer, mixer
1992 - Chic - Chic-ism - engineer, mixer
1989 - Tina Turner - Foreign Affair - engineer
1989 - Eric Clapton - Journeyman - engineer
1989 - Ian Hunter & Mick Ronson - Yui Orta

References

Awards and discography references
 Dave O'Donnell Awards
 Dave O'Donnell Discography

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American record producers
Mixing engineers


Govt. High School (GHS) is a public school, located in Bangra Manjeshwar, Kasaragod District, Kerala State of India. This high school is affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board. This High School is listed as one of the SSLC examination centres  by the Kerala Education Board. This school is one of the very few schools in Kerala that teaches in  Kannada Language (the language spoken predominantly in the neighbour state Karnataka) instead of Malayalam Language (the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala).

History
One of the oldest high school in Manjeshwaram providing free education from 5th to 10th Grade. This school was formerly known as Military High School of Manjeshwaram.

See also
Education in India
Kerala State Education Board
Kerala
Manjeshwaram

References

Schools in Kasaragod district
High schools and secondary schools in Kerala


Rajmachi Fort (Killa) is one of the many historical forts in the rugged hills of Sahyadri mountains (Western Ghats). It consists of two twin fortresses Shriwardhan and Manaranjan, with a wide machi (plateau) surrounding the two Balekillas. Udhewadi is a small village of about 60 households (as per 2011 census report) situated on the machi, at the southern foot of Manaranjan Balekilla of Rajmachi Fort.

History
The fort played a strategic role in the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Rajmachi Fort has been declared as a protected monument.

Trekking to Rajmachi
There are two approaches to Fort Rajmachi,
(a) from Lonavala  and
(b) from Kondivde or Kondhane village in Karjat Taluka of Raigad District.
Lonavala – Rajmachi distance is 15 km and it is almost a plain walk, though there are a few ups and downs on this path. It takes about three and a half hour to cover the distance on foot.
From Kondivde or Kondhane village, it is a steep climb up to Rajmachi. An experienced trekker takes about two and a half hour to climb up on this route.
In case a Trekkers’ Group is not familiar with the Trek Route, they should hire a local Route Guide
During the dry season after rains, i.e. from November to May, a strong and sturdy utility vehicle like Tata Sumo, Mahindra Bolero, Qualis, etc. can be taken right up to Udhewdi (Fort Rajmachi). The route is via Khandala, Kune village, Della Adventure Resort, Patel Dam, Phanasrai and Jambhali Phata. The initial section of this route up to Della Adventure Resort is a good road, The further portion of this route is a very rough track and therefore not fit for driving ordinary passenger cars like Maruti 800, Wagon R, Indica, Swift, etc.
Sturdy utility vehicle like Tata Sumo can be hired at Lonavla or Khandala for reaching Rajmachi Fort.

Rajamchi Fort is an easy trek, there are vehicles who leave you till the base village and from there you have to walk around 6 Km, which take around 2 hours depending on the speed. Best part about the Rajmachi trek is for the bike riders as the road are muddy and best for the off riding. There are also beautiful waterfalls on the way.

See also
Shrivardhan Fort

Kataldhar Lonavla Waterfall

References

Lonavala-Khandala
Villages in Pune district
Buildings and structures in Lonavala-Khandala
Forts in Pune district


Eriogonum roseum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name wand buckwheat. It is native to much of western California and the Sierra Nevada foothills, as well as parts of Oregon, and it is widespread and common in several plant communities.

Description
Eriogonum roseum is an erect annual herb reaching maximum heights of well over half a meter (2 feet).  Small oval leaves are located at the base of the plant and the inflorescence is slender and has few erect branches.

Flower clusters are located at nodes evenly spaced along the wandlike branches. The flowers are white or shades of yellow, pink, or both.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum roseum
Eriogonum roseum - UC Photos gallery

roseum
Flora of California
Flora of Oregon
Flora of the Klamath Mountains
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Muñoz Gamero Peninsula () is a peninsula in Chile. It is bordered on the west by the Smyth Channel and is connected to the Patagonia mainland by a narrow isthmus, between Skyring Sound to the south and the Obstrucción estuary to the north. The peninsula consists of several smaller peninsulas jutting from its central land mass. Riesco Island was considered part of this peninsula until 1904. The lake that occupies a significant part of its central portion was discovered in 1945. The peninsula is home to Monte Burney and Gran Campo Nevado.

There have so far been two attempts to settle the peninsula, the first at fin de siècle and a second during the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964–1970). Environmental conditions (high humidity) makes the area unsuitable for sheep and cattle farming.

The peninsula is named after Benjamín Muñoz Gamero (1817–1851).

References

Peninsulas of Chile
Landforms of Magallanes Region


High Voltage Magazine is a magazine that was first published in November 2003.

History
High Voltage Magazine was created in 2003 as an online music publication, founded by Chelsea Schwartz. The first print issue was issued in March 2006. and featured The Shys on the cover. A second print issue was released in March 2007. Printing was suspended after this date to focus on online content; however, on October 1, 2011, a printed format was re-introduced.

High Voltage Magazine hosts monthly events at local clubs in Los Angeles, showcasing new talent.

In April 2012, High Voltage changed its editorial format from a music magazine to a broader lifestyle publication.

In 2017, High Voltage launched monthly tabletop gaming events in Los Angeles County and Orange County.

References

External links
 Official website

Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Online music magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2003


The 28th BRDC International Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race held at Silverstone on 11 April 1976. The 40-lap race was won from pole position by Englishman James Hunt, driving a McLaren-Ford, who also set the fastest lap. Italian Vittorio Brambilla finished second in a March-Ford, with South African Jody Scheckter third in a Tyrrell-Ford.

Qualifying classification

Race classification

References

BRDC International Trophy
BRDC International Trophy
BRDC
BRDC International Trophy


Anna Jean Ayres (July 18, 1920 – December 16, 1988) was an American occupational therapist, educational psychologist and advocate for individuals with special needs. She became known for her work on sensory integration (SI) theory.

Education
Born on a walnut farm in Visalia, California, in 1920, Ayres' parents, Fletcher and Louise (Stamm) Ayres, were both school teachers. Growing up, Ayres claimed to have symptoms similar to the dysfunctions she would later study. Ayres received her B.A. in occupational therapy in 1945, her M.A. in occupational therapy in 1954, and her PhD in educational psychology in 1961, all from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. She began her post-doctoral work in the UCLA Brain Research Institute from 1964 to 1966 under Dr. Arthur Parmelee. She was also a faculty member in the occupational therapy and special education departments at the University of Southern California from 1955 to 1984.

Ayres wrote two books and more than thirty journal articles. In 1975 she standardized tests originally known as the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests and later revised the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests in 1989.

In 1976, Ayres founded a private pediatric practice called the Ayres Clinic in Torrance, California, where she conducted occupational therapy assessment and intervention on children and adults with a variety of disorders, including learning disabilities and autism.

Development of Sensory Integration theory

Sensory Integration Dysfunction

Building on the work of Charles S. Sherrington and others, she began developing the theory and associated intervention techniques of sensory integration in the 1950s by examining the relationship between the brain and behavior. By the 1960s, Ayres recognized and described "hidden disabilities" or "dysfunction in sensory integrative processes" (Ayres, 1963, 1968), which she later referred to as sensory integrative dysfunction. She originated the theory to "explain the relationship between deficits in interpreting sensation from the body and the environment and difficulties with academic or motor learning." Between 1968 and 1989, Ayres used tests of sensory integrative and practical functions with children with and without learning and sensorimotor difficulties. These were originally published as "Southern California Sensory Integration Tests" (SCSIT; 1975) and later revised as "Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; 1989). She published numerous factor analyses of assessment findings that allowed her to identify patterns of sensory integrative dysfunction, which were later confirmed by other researchers and expanded upon (e.g. in the context of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder).

Sensory Integration
"Sensory integration theory is used to explain why individuals behave in particular ways, plan intervention to ameliorate particular difficulties, and predict how behavior will change as a result of intervention" (p. 5). Dr Ayres defined sensory integration as "the organization of sensations for use. Our senses give us information about the physical conditions of our body and the environment around us... The brain must organize all of our sensations if a person is to move and learn and behave in a productive manner" (p. 5).

Ayres published her definition of "sensory integration" in 1972 as the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment (p. 11). In 1979, Ayres published Sensory Integration and the Child, a book to "help parents to recognize sensory integrative problems in their child, understand what is going on, and do something to help their child"

Sensory Integration Therapy
As an intervention approach, Sensory integration therapy is used as "a clinical frame of reference for the assessment and treatment of people who have functional disorders in sensory processing" (p. 325). Ayres considered sensory integration intervention "a specialty of occupational therapy" (Ayres 1979, p. 155). Thus, the assessment and intervention from a sensory integration perspective are most commonly used by occupational therapy practitioners in their treatment of children with difficulties in occupational performance and participation related to sensory integrative or sensory processing dysfunction.

She developed the intervention approach through empirical research. However, the effectiveness of this therapy have come into serious question more recently. Many recent studies have not supported the effectiveness of the therapy, and studies that do support the effectiveness of the therapy have been found to have "serious methodological flaws." Many professionals hold that Ayres created one of the first structures for evidence-based practice in occupational therapy through her theory development (Ayres, 1972), model development (Ayres, 1979–2005), assessment development (Ayres, 1989) and intervention strategies (Ayres, 1972).

Sensory integration theory and practice has been met with resistance within the occupational therapy profession as well as other disciplines. A recent review concluded that SIT is "ineffective and that its theoretical underpinnings and assessment practices are unvalidated." Moreover, the authors warned that SIT techniques exist "outside the bounds of established evidence-based practice" and that SIT is "quite possible a misuse of limited resources." These findings corroborate the findings of other studies and reviews on the effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy.

Awards and recognition
Ayres received numerous honors from the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)--including the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship, the Award of Merit, and a charter membership in the AOTA Academy of Research—and was named in the Roster of Fellows. She has been described by her students and colleagues as "a pioneer in affective neuroscience" (Schneider, 2005), a "developmental theorist" (Knox, 2005), "one of the original perceptual motor theorists" (Smith Roley, 2005), "a pioneer in our understanding of developmental dyspraxia" (Cermak, 2005), and "an astute observer of human behavior and neurological development" (Bauman, 2005).

She was dedicated to the promotion of science-driven intervention strategies leading a better quality of life for people with disabilities and their families. "Her work made major inroads into the understanding of clinical neuroscience, the importance of experience in brain development, the role of tactile defensiveness and sensory modulation disorders as contributors to behavioral disorders, and the impact of sensory registration in autism, among others."

Death
Ayres died from complications of breast cancer on December 16, 1988.

Bibliography

Ayres A. J. (1954). Ontogenetic principles in the development of arm and hand functions. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 8, 95–99, 121.
Ayres A. J. (1958). The visual-motor function. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 12, 130–138, 155.
Ayres A. J. (1961). Development of the body scheme in children. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 15, 99–102, 128.
Ayres A. J. (1963). The development of perceptual-motor abilities: a theoretical basis for treatment of dysfunction. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 27, 221–225.
Ayres A. J. (1965). Patterns of perceptual-motor dysfunction in children: a factor analytic study. Percept. Mot. Skills 20, 335–368.
Ayres A. J. (1966). Interrelation of perception, function, and treatment. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc. 46, 741–744.
Ayres A. J. (1966). Interrelations among perceptual-motor abilities in a group of normal children. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 20, 288–292.
Ayres, A. J. (1968). Sensory integrative processes and neuropsychological learning disability. Learning Disorders, 3, 41–58.

Ayres, A. J. (1971). Characteristics of types of sensory integrative dysfunction. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25, 329–334.
Ayres A. J. (1972). Overview. In Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders, Ayres A. J., editor. , ed. (Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services; ), pp. 1–12.
Ayres A. J. (1972). Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services.
Ayres A. J. (1972). Some general principles of brain function. In Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders, Ayres A. J., editor. , ed. (Los Angeles, CA, Western Psychological Services; ), pp. 13–24
Ayres, A. J. (1972). Types of sensory integrative dysfunction among disabled learners. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26, 13–18.

Ayres A. J. (1975). Sensorimotor foundations of academic ability. In Perceptual and Learning Disabilities in Children, Cruickshank W. M., Hallahan D. P., editors. , eds (Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press; ), pp. 301–358.
Ayres, A. J., & Tickle, L. S. (1980). Hyper-responsivity to touch and vestibular stimuli as a predictor of positive response to sensory integration procedures by autistic children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34, 375–381.
Ayres, A. J. (1989). Sensory integration and praxis tests. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Ayres, A. J. (2004). Sensory integration and praxis tests manual: Updated edition. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
  (posthumous collection of correspondence)

See also
 Occupational therapy
 Sensory processing disorder
 Sensory integration

References

Occupational therapists
American women psychologists
20th-century American psychologists
USC Rossier School of Education alumni
1920 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American women scientists


The Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad  is a short-line railroad that operates freight trains in Western New York and Northwest Pennsylvania, United States. The company is controlled by the Livonia, Avon and Lakeville Railroad, with which it does not connect. It started operations in 2001 on the Southern Tier Extension, a former Erie Railroad line between Hornell, NY and Corry, PA, owned by the public Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Allegany and Steuben Southern Tier Extension Railroad Authority (STERA). Through acquisitions and leases, the line was extended from Corry to Meadville, PA in 2002 and to Oil City, PA in 2006. In 2007, the WNY&P leased and sub-leased portions of the north–south Buffalo Line, a former Pennsylvania Railroad line mostly built by a predecessor of the defunct Western New York and Pennsylvania Railway. The two lines cross at Olean, NY.

Operations
The WNY&P operates a system centered on Olean, where it operates the ex-Erie yard just west of the crossing of its two main lines. The Southern Tier Extension heads east to the Norfolk Southern Railway's (NS's) Southern Tier Line at Hornell and west to NS at Meadville, with a branch continuing to the Oil City area. The WNY&P's segment of the Buffalo Line stretches north to Machias, a junction with the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad (B&P), and south over Keating Summit, PA to Driftwood, PA, which the B&P and NS both serve. Other connections include the B&P at Salamanca, NY and Corry, PA, the New York and Lake Erie Railroad at Waterboro, NY and the Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad at Rouseville, PA. The NYLE connection has been out of service for decades; as it stands, the NYLE stops at a dead end several miles north of the WNY&P track. The NYLE has expressed interest in rehabilitating the line and restoring the connection.

Since 2001, when the WNY&P began operation of the Southern Tier Extension from Corry, PA to Hornell, NY per a sub-lease with Norfolk Southern, local service levels have increased from less than one to several trains per day. NS retains overhead trackage rights and for several years operated daily coal trains over the line from Southwestern Pennsylvania to Upstate New York and New England. WNY&P business on the Buffalo Line includes hauling coal from Emporium, PA (north of Driftwood) to the Samuel A. Carlson Electric Generating Station in Jamestown, NY (west of Olean). By 2012, all coal trains had ceased to run over the WNYP due to the closure or conversion of coal-fired power plants in the Northeastern United States.

History
The New York and Erie Railroad completed its line between Piermont, NY and Dunkirk, NY via Hornell, NY and Salamanca, NY in 1851. The 1852 completion of the Hornell-Buffalo Buffalo and New York City Railroad turned the Hornell-Dunkirk line into a branch. A line extending west from Salamanca was completed by the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad (A&GW) to Jamestown, NY in 1860, Corry, PA in 1861, Meadville, PA in 1862, and into Ohio in 1863, finally reaching Dayton, OH in 1864. The same company opened a branch from Meadville via Franklin, OH to Oil City, PA by 1866. Except for a realignment east of Corry, built by the Columbus and Erie Railroad by 1908, the A&GW eventually became the main line of the Erie Railroad to Chicago. It was retained by Conrail in 1976, though it ceased to be a primary route for through trains, and the portions between Corry and Jamestown and between Olean, NY and Hornell were taken out of service in 1991.

The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) authorized Conrail to abandon part of this line, which it called the Meadville Line, between Corry and Meadville in August, 1994, effective at the end of the month. The on-line municipalities of Corry, Union City, PA, Cambridge Springs, PA, Saegertown, PA, and Meadville filed an offer of financial assistance that month to purchase the line for its net liquidation value of $2.9 million, and the abandonment authority was rescinded. Through the newly created Northwest Pennsylvania Rail Authority they acquired the property on October 31, 1995, after some delay, for operation by the Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad (OCTR), and operations began soon after. But the courts ruled in August 1996 that the ICC had no authority to force the sale, since they had authorized abandonment again in April, 1995, and so the line was to pass back to Conrail, which wanted to keep it from falling into the hands of a competitor. In the midst of talks between Conrail and the two companies that were buying its assets, CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway, the authority reached an agreement with Conrail in June, 1997, allowing it to keep the line.

Norfolk Southern (NS), successor to Conrail's lines in the immediate area, agreed in June, 1998 to place the Corry-Hornell "Southern Tier Extension" back in service, in exchange for certain financial incentives. This June, 1998 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was memorialized in the Surface Transportation Board's record of Decision in July, 1998. The New York Legislature then created the Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, Allegany, and Steuben Southern Tier Extension Railroad Authority (STERA) in June, 2000 in order to acquire the New York portion of the line and lease it back to NS. This was done in February, 2001, and on April 23, the newly created WNY&P, a subsidiary of the Livonia, Avon and Lakeville Railroad, sub-leased the line from Norfolk Southern and began operating the line. Except for a short segment near the Buffalo Line crossing at Olean, which NS did not sub-lease to WNY&P (but for which Norfolk Southern did provide overhead trackage rights to WNY&P), the WNY&P sub-leased the line from Corry, PA to Hornell, NY from Norfolk Southern.

Looking to the west, the WNY&P acquired the Corry-Meadville line from the Northwest Pennsylvania Rail Authority in January, 2002, for $1 and the cancellation of the authority's $1.9 million debt. The authority had borrowed the money in the 1990s from NORPA, then a subsidiary of the Delaware Otsego Corporation, to pay for the acquisition in conjunction with $1 million from the state. (Delaware Otsego financed the purchase to preserve a possible connection between its subsidiary New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway and CSX Transportation in the case of a Norfolk Southern Railway/Conrail merger.) The WNY&P bought NORPA in 2001, allowing it to cancel the debt. At the same time as it acquired the line, the WNY&P replaced OCTR as operator. Thanks to state and federal funding, the WNY&P began repairing the out-of-service parts of the line in August, 2002, and by fall 2003 it had been sufficiently rehabilitated to allow full operations. In its agreement with WNY&P in which it sub-leased operating rights to WNY&P for the portion of the line from Corry, PA to Hornell, NY, NS retained overhead trackage rights for that portion of the line, allowing NS trains to enter or exit that portion of the Southern Tier Extension operated by the WNY&P at either Hornell (Southern Tier Line), Olean (Buffalo Line), Corry (Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad trackage rights), and Meadville (Meadville Line). This provided a bypass around Buffalo, NY for freight including Upstate New York- and New England-bound Monongahela coal.

In December, 2005, the WNY&P expanded further with the lease from NS of the ex-Erie Franklin Secondary and associated lines between Meadville, PA and Rouseville, PA— all just north of Oil City. This connected the WNY&P directly to industries in the Franklin, PA-Oil City, PA area, and indirectly to Titusville, PA via the Oil Creek and Titusville Railroad. By the end of 2006, NS decided to discontinue operations north of Driftwood, Pennsylvania on the Buffalo Line, a line that the Pennsylvania Railroad had acquired through its control of the former Western New York and Pennsylvania Railway and Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. The line north of Machias, NY would be leased to the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad, which then had trackage rights, and the remainder between Machias and Driftwood was to become a WNY&P operation. STERA acquired the line between Machias and the NY-PA state line in February, 2007, appending this portion of the line to the arrangement specified in its June, 1998 MOU with Norfolk Southern. STERA then leased the line between Machias and the state line back to Norfolk Southern, which in turn sub-leased it to WNY&P. Norfolk Southern leased the line from the NY-PA state line to Driftwood, PA directly to WNY&P. On August 4, the WNY&P took over operations between Machias and Driftwood. The sub-lease of the Machias to NY-PA state line portion of the Buffalo Line also included the sub-lease of the small portion of the Southern Tier Extension near the crossing at Olean (the "Olean Rail Yard"), and installed WNY&P as operator of a short branch to Farmers Valley, Pennsylvania. The latter had been built, in part, by the Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Railroad, and acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad after the PSNR ceased operations in 1947.

In 2009, the Buffalo Line was used to film scenes in the 2010 film Unstoppable. Filming took place over three months during the daylight hours while the railroad ran its regular services at night. "It stretched our assets to the limit," said Carl Belke, the railroad's chief operating officer. "We had all hands on deck."

In 2019, the WNY&P purchased eight GE AC6000CW locomotives from Progress Rail Leasing. These locomotives were originally built in the 1990s for CSX and allowed it to sideline aging Alco/MLW six-axled locomotives it had used mainly on trains to Emporium/Driftwood and to Salamanca. The six engines among the eight that were serviceable now comprise its heavy-haul fleet while smaller Alco-design engines handle lighter duties.

References

External links

Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad

New York (state) railroads
Pennsylvania railroads
Railway companies established in 2001
Spin-offs of the Norfolk Southern Railway
Hornell, New York


The Surrey Championship is a cricket organisation in Surrey running 6 divisions for 1st & 2nd XI cricket, 4 for 3rd XI and 4 for 4th XI. Since 2000 it has been a designated ECB Premier League.

History
The competition was founded in 1968 by 17 clubs within Surrey, the idea to create a more competitive form of club cricket, rather than the friendly leagues that had previously been the formats for many clubs. The 17 founder member clubs were: Addiscombe, Banstead, Beddington, Cheam, Dulwich, East Molesey, Epsom, Guildford, Malden Wanderers, Mitcham, Old Emanuel, Old Whitgiftians, Purley, Spencer, Streatham, Sunbury and Sutton. Up until 1977, there were only 1st XI and 2nd XI sections within the organisation. The Eve Group became the first sponsors of the competition in 1982, and kept that role for 19 seasons, until Castle Lager became sponsors in 2001, Travelbag, were the sponsors up until 2016. The current sponsors are AJ Fordham Sports.

1st XI Champions

Performance by season from 2000

References

External links
Surrey Championship - official site
Surrey Championship - Play-Cricket site

English domestic cricket competitions
Cricket in Surrey
ECB Premier Leagues


Jesse B. McCargar (1879-1954) was an American banker and industrialist.

Early life

Jesse B. McCargar was born in Nord, Butte County, California on Aug. 11, 1879. He was the son of Dr. Philander McCargar and Emily Lawson. Dr. Philander McCargar was a dentist in Oakland, CA. He was born in Canada, and migrated with his father, Samuel McCargar, a prosperous rancher, from Rice County, MN to Butte County, CA. in 1861. Philander McCargar met and married his wife, Emily Lawson, on a business trip for his father in Topeka, KS in 1874.   Dr. Philander McCargar graduated from the U. C. Berkeley School of Dentistry in 1888.  Living in Oakland, CA., Philander McCargar was very active in the Prohibition Party.  He ran for mayor of Oakland twice and supported various committees and organizations for the Prohibitionist cause.  Jesse and his brother joined the Spanish–American War in 1898. After the war and his father's death, Jesse went into banking.

In 1905 Jesse married Addie Goodrich (1882-1920). They had 4 children. The youngest was the author, diplomat, and intelligence agent James Goodrich McCargar (1920-2007). After the death of his first wife, Jesse married Phoebe Hunt in 1923.  After his divorce from Phoebe Hunt, he married Helen Baker in 1949.

Career

Jesse McCargar started his banking career early in his life.  He worked for Crocker National Bank for 22 years.  At the time of his retirement in 1927, he was Vice President and Director. He was a past president of the California Bankers Assoc., and was a member of the executive council of the American Bankers Assoc.  He was, at various times in his life, director or on the board of many companies including: American Trust Co., Pabco Products, Inc.,  Moore Dry Dock Company, Pacific Securities Co., Pioneer Kettlemen Co., Honolulu Oil Corp. Pacific Transport Lines, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau Sugar Plantation Co., and others.  He was president of the Dumbarton Bridge Co., which opened the Dumbarton Bridge on the San Francisco bay in 1927. He was also a trustee of the William G. Irwin Charity Foundation and a manager of the Irwin Estate.

Jesse was an active member of the Pacific Union Club, Bohemian Club, the San Francisco Golf Club, and the Live Oak Lodge of Masons.

References

Businesspeople from San Francisco
1879 births
1954 deaths
American bankers
California Prohibitionists
Activists from California


Paul's walk in Elizabethan and early Stuart London was the name given to the central nave of Old St Paul's Cathedral, where people walked up and down in search of the latest news. At the time, St. Paul's was the centre of the London grapevine. "News-mongers", as they were called, gathered there to pass on the latest news and gossip, at a time before the first newspapers. Those who visited the cathedral to keep up with the news were known as "Paul's-walkers".

According to Francis Osborne (1593–1659):

It was the fashion of those times, and did so continue till these . . . for the principal gentry, lords, courtiers, and men of all professions not merely mechanic, to meet in Paul's Church by eleven and walk in the middle aisle till twelve, and after dinner from three to six, during which times some discoursed on business, others of news. Now in regard of the universal there happened little that did not first or last arrive here...And those news-mongers, as they called them, did not only take the boldness to weigh the public but most intrinsic actions of the state, which some courtier or other did betray to this society. Amongst whom divers being very rich had great sums owing them by such as stood next the throne, who by this means were rendered in a manner their pensioners. So as I have found little reason to question the truth of which I heard then, but much to confirm me in it.

Standing on Ludgate Hill in the heart of the City of London, St Paul's Cathedral was well placed to be a hub of news. The cathedral had once been among the greatest in Europe, but a decline set in after the Reformation and by the end of the sixteenth-century, it had lost its steeple and was falling into disrepair. The cathedral and its surrounding St. Paul's Churchyard was a centre of the booksellers' trade, a venue for sellers of pamphlets, proclamations, and books. St Paul's was the place to go to hear the latest news of current affairs, war, religion, parliament and the court. In his play Englishmen for my Money, William Haughton (d. 1605) described Paul's walk as a kind of "open house" filled with a "great store of company that do nothing but go up and down, and go up and down, and make a grumbling together". Infested with beggars and thieves, Paul's walk was also a place to pick up gossip, topical jokes, and even prostitutes. John Earle (1601–1665), in his Microcosmographie (1628), called Paul's walk "the land's epitome . . . the lesser isle of Great Britain . . . the whole world's map . . . nothing liker Babel".

Official attempts to stem the use of St. Paul's for non-religious purposes repeatedly failed. Both Mary I and Elizabeth I issued proclamations against "any of her Majesty's subjects who shall walk up and down, or spend the time in the same, in making any bargain or other profane cause, and make any kind of disturbance . . .  during divine service . . . [on] pain of imprisonment and fine". Scholar Helen Ostovich has called St. Paul's at this time "more like a shopping mall than a cathedral".

The letter writer John Chamberlain (1553–1626) walked to St. Paul's each day to gather news on behalf of his correspondents. His main purpose in his letters was to relate news of events in the capital to his friends, especially those posted on the continent, such as Ralph Winwood and Dudley Carleton, who both spent much of their political careers at the Hague. Chamberlain proved the perfect source for Carleton and others because of his willingness to "walk Paul's" for the news. He was made a member of a commission to refurbish St. Paul's but was cynical about its chances. He wrote that the king was "very earnest to set it forward, and they begin hotly enough" but feared it would prove "as they say, Paul's work".

King James was aware of Paul's walk and referred to it in his poem about a comet, seen in 1618, which was talked of as signalling doom for the monarchy: "And that he may have nothing elce to feare/Let him walke Pauls, and meet the Devills there". Chamberlain reported that the comet "is now the only subject almost of our discourse, and not so much as little children but as they go to school talk in the streets that it foreshows the death of a king or queen or some great war towards".

Ben Jonson (1572–1637) set a pivotal scene of his play Every Man Out of His Humour (1599) in Paul's walk. As Cavalier Shift enters and begins posting up advertisements, Cordatus introduces the scene with the words: "O, marry, this is one for whose better illustration we must desire you to presuppose the stage the middle aisle in Paul's, and that [pointing to the door on which Shift is posting his bills] the west end of it". The west end of the aisle was where advertisements, known as siquisses, were posted; those interested wrote a suggested meeting time and place at the bottom.

According to Ostovich, Jonson conceived the Paul's-walking scene of the play as a "satirical nutshell" of London itself, presenting the walking up and down as "an obsessively competitive dance". This view of Paul's walk as a microcosm had already seen print in the cony-catching pamphlets of Robert Greene (1558–1592), who had depicted city rogues and tricksters preying on those who walked the aisles to gossip, smoke, and see the fashions. The playwright Thomas Dekker (1572–1632), in his "Paul's Steeple's Complaint" in The Dead Term (1608) and his Gull's Horn-book (1609), was another who wrote about Paul's walk. He recorded its use as a venue for fashion, saying of a gallant: "He that would therefore strive to fashion his legs to his silk stockings, and his proud gait to his broad garters, let him whiff down these observations; for, if he once get to walk by the book . . . Paul's may be proud of him".

See also
Paternoster Row

Notes

Bibliography

Bellany, Alastair, and Andrew McRae. Early Stuart Libels: An Edition of Poetry from Manuscript Sources. Early Modern Literary Studies, Text Series I, Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2005 (retrieved 27 January 2008).
Lee, Maurice, Jr., ed. Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain: 1603–1624. Jacobean Letters, by Dudley Carleton.  New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1972. .
McClure, Norman Egbert, ed. Letters, by John Chamberlain. London: Greenwood Press, 1979 edition. .
Notestein, Wallace. Four Worthies: John Chamberlain, Lady Anne Clifford, John Taylor, Oliver Heywood. London: Jonathan Cape, 1956. OCLC 1562848.
Oggins, Robin S. Cathedrals.  New York: Sterling Publishing, 1996. .
Ostovich, Helen, ed. Every Man Out of His Humour, by Ben Jonson. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001. .
Thomson, Elizabeth, ed. The Chamberlain Letters, by John Chamberlain. New York: Capricorn, 1966. OCLC 37697217.

Former buildings and structures in the City of London
Churches in the City of London
Culture in London
St Paul's Cathedral


Lare may refer to:
 Lare (Ethiopian District)
 the Lare dialect of the Gallong language, spoken in Northeast India
 Larré, Morbihan, known in Breton as Lare, a commune in France
 , a village in Gassam Department, Burkina Faso

People with the name
 Aron van Lare (born 2003), Dutch footballer
 Frank E. Van Lare (1900–1971), American businessman and politician
 Jeff LaRe (born 1976), American politician
 Laré Mohamed Diarra, Burkina Faso footballer
 William Bedford Van Lare, Ghanaian jurist and diplomat

See also
 Lares (disambiguation)
 Larre (disambiguation)
 Lair (disambiguation)
 Lari (disambiguation)
 Laer


Benny Wesley Collins (April 1, 1921 – November 20, 2014) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Texas Western College—now the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)—from 1957 to 1961, compiling a record of 18–29–1.

Collins was a star halfback at West Texas State College—now West Texas A&M University in Canyon, Texas. In 1941, he finished second in the nation in scored points with 132, behind Bill Dudley (134) of Virginia. Collins was selected by the Detroit Lions as the 185th overall pick in the 1942 NFL draft.

Collins worked at Texas Western College from 1946 to 1961 and served as the school's athletic director and head football coach during his final five years. Collins is known for hiring renowned college basketball coach Don Haskins in 1961. In an article for the El Paso Times, Haskins is quoted saying, "[Collins] was behind me all the way."

Collins, 93, and his wife, Mary Gene, 86, were killed November 20, 2014, when they were struck by a pickup truck while crossing a busy street in El Paso.

Head coaching record

References

1921 births
2014 deaths
American football halfbacks
UTEP Miners athletic directors
UTEP Miners football coaches
West Texas A&M Buffaloes football players
Road incident deaths in Texas


Eriogonum saxatile is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name hoary buckwheat. It is native to the dry, rocky mountain slopes of California and Nevada, where it is a common plant.

Description
This is a variable perennial which may be a spindly 10 centimeters in height or a bushy 40 centimeters. The rounded or scoop-shaped leaves appear in a mat on the ground, each up to 2 or 3 centimeters wide at maximum, and densely woolly. The stout, woolly inflorescence branches and produces flower clusters at nodes. The flowers are generally red or pale yellow.

Cultivation
Eriogonum saxatile is cultivated as a low-maintenance rock garden plant.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum saxatile
Eriogonum saxatile - Photo gallery

saxatile
Flora of California
Flora of Nevada
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Garden plants of North America
Drought-tolerant plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Peñate is a surname of Spanish origin.

Penate may also refer to:

Jack Peñate (born 1984), British singer-songwriter
Di Penates, household gods in Roman tradition


The Ceylon snakehead (Channa orientalis) is a species of snakehead found in freshwater habitats, typically shaded streams, in southwestern Sri Lanka (although occasionally claimed to occur in other countries, this is misidentifications of relatives, usually C. gachua).

It is evaluated as Vulnerable by the IUCN and some do consider C. orientalis as a threatened species.

Description
C. orientalis has a standard length of up to  and is one of the smallest species in the family, making it a dwarf snakehead. It lacks pelvic fins and this distinguishes it from some of its relatives, including C. gachua, a widespread species that also occurs in Sri Lanka (although the Sri Lankan population possibly should be recognized as a species of its own, C. kelaartii). A few other dwarf snakeheads from the Asian mainland, like C. andrao, also lack pelvic fins, but (in addition to distribution) these can be separated by meristics and colour pattern.

A genetic study published in 2017 revealed that C. orientalis includes two deeply separated lineages.

Behavior

They are predatory fish that feed on plankton, insects, and sometimes small amphibians. They can breathe on land for short periods of time because they have accessory respiratory organs through which they can use atmospheric oxygen to breathe. During wet weather, they can survive on land for more than four days, but if their bodies dry up, they die because it becomes difficult for them to exchange atmospheric oxygen. The Ceylon snakehead is a mouth brooder like many Channa species. The male carries the eggs while the female guards the territory. The male is less active during this period and is often seen close to the surface. The fry remain with the male until they can take care of themselves. Females may catch stray fry and return them to the mouth of the male. The fry are ejected via the gill openings.

References

Ceylon snakehead
Fish described in 1801


Bryaceae is a family of mosses.

Genera
Genera include:

Acidodontium
Anomobryum  (e.g. Anomobryum julaceum)
Brachymenium
Bryum
Imbribryum
Leptostomopsis  (formerly part of Bryum)
Mniobryoides
Ochiobryum
Osculatia
Perssonia
Plagiobryoides Plagiobryum Ptychostomum  (formerly part of Bryum)Rhodobryum  (e.g. Rhodobryum roseum)Roellobryon  (formerly known as Roellia)Rosulabryum''

References

Moss families


The Castlemilk Moorit is a rare breed of domestic sheep (also known as Moorit Shetland, Milledge Sheep, or Castlemilk Shetland) originating in Dumfriesshire in Scotland.

Created as a decorative breed in the 1900s to adorn the parkland of Sir John Buchanan Jardine's estate, it is a mixture of several primitive types: Manx Loaghtan, Shetland, Soay and Wiltshire Horn. The breed's name refers to the Castlemilk Estate on which they were bred, and the Lowland Scots word "moorit" refers to the light tan or reddish-brown colour of their fleeces.

The Castlemilk Moorit is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group of breeds, having a short, triangular tail.  It has horns in both sexes and a fleece that is usually moulted or  (plucked) rather than needing shearing. All Castlemilk Moorits are descended from a single flock of ten ewes and two rams, and the British Rare Breeds  Survival Trust lists the breed as "at risk", having a maximum of 1500 registered animals. An important offshore population of Castlemilk Moorits in the Netherlands (flockbook VSS) and Belgium (flockbook SLE) helps to guarantee the future of the breed.  The main use of this breed is hobby farming.

References

External links
Castlemilk Moorit Sheep Society
Castlemilk Moorit Rasvereniging België
Het Castlemilk Moorit schaap Nederland

Sheep breeds originating in Scotland
Sheep breeds
Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist


Juan Reynoso may refer to:

 Juan Reynoso Guzmán (born 1969), Peruvian footballer
 Juan Reynoso Portillo (1912–2007), Mexican violinist


Badis badis, also known as the blue perch or blue badis, is a small species of Asian freshwater fish in the family Badidae of the order Anabantiformes. It is found in ponds, rivers, ditches and swamps in northern India, eastern Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi and Indus basins. It is sometimes kept as an aquarium fish. It is a small, predatory fish that feeds on tiny invertebrates. Maximum total length is around . It is sexually dimorphic, with males growing larger and being more colorful, especially when excited, compared to females. Adult males have blue fins and may display dark vertical bands on the flanks, while the smaller females display little color. Several similar relatives, now recognized as separate Badis species, have historically been confused with Badis badis. Historically the two genera that now make up the Badidae, Badis and Dario, were placed in the family Nandidae; this is no longer the case.

References

Fish of Pakistan
Badidae
Fish described in 1822


Mariano Armellini (7 February 1852 – 24 February 1896) was an Italian archaeologist and historian. Born in Rome, he was one of the founders of the Pontifical Academy of Martyrs.

He is the author of Gli antichi cimiteri cristiani di Roma e d'Italia (The Ancient Christian Cemeteries of Rome and Italy) and  Le catacombe romane (The Roman Catacombs), but became famous chiefly for Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX (The Churches of Rome from the 4th to the 19th Centuries), a major work in which he recorded many of the city's churches, including those no longer extant.

External links
Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX (on LacusCurtius)

1852 births
1896 deaths
Archaeologists from Rome
Pontifical Academy of Martyrs


Westfield Guitars is a UK based guitar brand, owned by string manufacturer RotoSound. Previously owned by Scotland based P&R Howard Music Ltd. from its inception until their closure in 2013, it produced and sold electric, acoustic, classical and bass guitars, primarily copies of popular Fender and Gibson models. Revived in 2022 by RotoSound, they now focus on low-budget acoustic guitars.

History
Westfield Guitars was established in 1989 from the owner Paul Howard's garage, turning over £19,000 in their first year. The company grew to a turnover of £4.6 million in 2005 and operated out of a warehouse in East Kilbride. They were the largest distributor of musical instruments in Scotland.

Notable players include Danny Jones of McFly and Jason Mraz. Stevie Hay and Charles Boyle of Scottish rock band Felon both played Westfield guitars over the years. Hay worked with Westfield across 15 years and had various custom guitars made, most of which remained in his own collection.

The company went out of business in September 2013.

Upon the brands relaunch under RotoSound, the company offered a veriety of shapes, in both the entry-level "Performer" series, and a slightly more premium "Artist" range.

References

External links
 Official website (archived, 23/02/2009)

Guitar manufacturing companies
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom


Emil Adamič (December 25, 1877 – December 6, 1936) was among the most productive Slovenian composers. He wrote choral and orchestral music, altogether over 1,000 works.

Adamič was born in Dobrova to August Adamič (1843–1915) and Katharina Brus Adamič (1854–1915). He studied at conservatories in Trieste and Ljubljana. During the First World War, he was a prisoner of war in Tashkent. His works include the orchestral pieces Tatarska suita (Tatar Suite, 1918) and Ljubljanski akvareli (Ljubljana Watercolours, 1925) and the choral compositions Vragova nevesta (The Devil's Bride, 1925) and Smrt carja Samuela (The Death of Tsar Samuel, 1934). He also wrote songs that used elements of Slovenian folk music, such as Zimska kmečka pesem (A Farmer's Winter Song, 1903). His influences included Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism.  He died in Ljubljana.

References

External links

1877 births
1936 deaths
20th-century composers
Slovenian composers
Male composers
Slovenian music educators
People from the Municipality of Dobrova-Polhov Gradec
Slovenian male musicians


South Fork is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Arlington No. 79, Saskatchewan, Canada in the Cypress Hills along the course of Swift Current Creek.

History

South Fork began in 1913. By 1923 there were three grain elevators, a lumber yard, cafe, blacksmith, pool hall, feed mill, and general store.

A fire in 1928, the depression, and better roads started South Fork on a decline. South Fork is best known for its sole resident, a bearded man by the name of Nicholas Herlinger.

The last grain elevator closed in 1974 and moved to an area farm.

See also

 List of communities in Saskatchewan
 Hamlets of Saskatchewan
 List of ghost towns in Canada
 Ghost towns in Saskatchewan

References

Arlington No. 79, Saskatchewan
Former villages in Saskatchewan
Unincorporated communities in Saskatchewan
Populated places established in 1913
Ghost towns in Saskatchewan
Division No. 4, Saskatchewan


Mike Malin may refer to:

 Michael C. Malin (born 1950), planetary geologist
 Mike Malin (television personality) (born 1970), Big Brother houseguest and winner


Eriogonum strictum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Blue Mountain buckwheat. It is a common plant of western North America from northern California to British Columbia where it is found along rocky slopes and scrubland. It flowers early in the summer.

Description
A perennial herb, the plant forms leaf mats up to 40 centimeters wide and many branches with erect inflorescences on stems ranging from  in height. The woolly, oval-shaped leaves grow from near the base and are one to four centimeters long. They are usually held vertically on a long petiole and often appear silvery in color due to the dense woolly hairs.

The slender inflorescence stalks are woolly and produce flower clusters at the top. The flowers are cream to pale yellow, and darken to reddish or orange.

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum strictum
Eriogonum strictum - Photo gallery

strictum
Flora of the West Coast of the United States
Flora of British Columbia
Flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Notothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes with the species in this genus often having the common name of rockcod. They are native to the Southern Ocean and other waters around Antarctica.

Taxonomy
Notothenia was first formally described as a genus in 1844 by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer John Richardson when he described N. coriiceps which was later designated as the type species of the genus. Some authorities place this taxon in the subfamily Nototheniinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not include subfamilies in the Nototheniidae. The name of the genus is a compound of notos meaning “south” and thenia which means “coming from”, an allusion to the high southern latitudes these fishes are found at.

Species

Seven recognized species are in this genus:
 Notothenia angustata F. W. Hutton, 1875 (Maori chief)
 Notothenia coriiceps J. Richardson, 1844 (black rockcod)
 Notothenia cyanobrancha J. Richardson, 1844 (blue rockcod)
 Notothenia microlepidota F. W. Hutton, 1875 (black cod)
 Notothenia neglecta Nybelin, 1951 (yellowbelly rockcod)
 Notothenia rossii J. Richardson, 1844 (marbled rockcod)
 Notothenia trigramma Regan, 1913

Characteristics
Notothenia fishes have oblong bodies which are compressed towards the tail with a large head, small eyes and a large mouth. The lower jaw does not protrude and the mouth extends as far back as the middle of the eye. There are moderately sized teeth in the jaws with no large canine-like teeth. There are two lateral lines consisting of tubed scales, one on the upper body and the other on the mid-flank. Most of the scales on the body are smooth while much of the head is naked. The pectoral fins are notably larger than the pelvic fins while the caudal fin may be rounded, truncate one emarginate. They vary in maximum total length from  in the blue rockcod to  in the marbled rockcod.

Distribution and habitat
Notothenia rockcods are found in the Southern Ocean where there are four species with two species in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and a single species in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The young fish are pelagic and the adults are benthic.

Biology
Notothenia rockcods have some adaptations that allow them to thrive in such inhospitable habitat, like antifreeze proteins in their blood and ample fat to insulate them against heat loss and to offset their lack of a swim bladder. They are benthic predators feeding on invertebrates and smaller fishes, although algae are consumed in large quantities too. The pelagic fingerlings allow the wide dispersal of the species around the Southern Ocean.

Fisheries
Notothenia rockcods are targeted by some fisheries, with N. rossi being an important commercially fished species.

References

Nototheniidae
Perciformes genera
Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)


Jörg Peter (born 23 October 1955 in Dresden) is a German former long-distance runner. He held the German record over the marathon distance from 1988 till 2015.

Biography
Peter won bronze at the 3000 m run at the 1978 European Indoor Championships. In 1980 he competed for the DDR at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow in the men's 10,000-meter run and finished in 6th place.

In February 1988, he won the Tokyo International Men's Marathon with a 2:08:47, which remained the German Record until 25 October 2015, when Arne Gabius improved the time by 14 seconds. Peter started until 1990 for the SC unit Dresden.  He was East German champion in 5000-meter run in the years 1976, 1977, 1978 and 1980, in the 10,000-meter run in 1977 and in 1985 by his marathon victory at the Leipzig Marathon.

In 1990 and 1991 he won the Hamburg Marathon.

Achievements

External links

1955 births
Living people
German male long-distance runners
East German male marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for East Germany
Athletes from Dresden
20th-century German people


Miroslav Miletić (; (22 August 1925 – 3 January 2018) was a Croatian composer and a violin and viola player and teacher.

Education
Born in Sisak, Croatia, Miletić graduated violin from the Zagreb Academy of Music in 1953, in the class of Stjepan Šulek and I. Pinkava, and chamber music in the class of Antonio Janigro.  He studied composition privately, and his understanding of music was further deepened through studies in different European centers such as Salzburg, Austria and Hilversum, the Netherlands, where he studied conducting with Lovro von Matačić and Willem van Otterloo, respectively. He continued mastering his studies in Prague; viola with Ladislav Černý, and composition with Pavel Bořkovec.

Miletić collaborated also with Karlheinz Stockhausen on electronic music and continued his studies of contemporary chamber music in Darmstadt in Germany.

Viola player and a music teacher

As time went by, viola was more and more becoming his primary instrument. Miletić performed as a soloist with Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, Radio Bratislava Symphonic Orchestra, and since 1946 he was an active violist of the Zagreb Radio Symphony and the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra. In the 1950s he accepted a full-time position as a viola and violin teacher (as well as the String Department Chair for many years) at the "Pavao Markovac Music School" in Zagreb, Croatia. Even then, due to his excellent sight-reading abilities, he would jump in whenever the Symphony or Philharmonic needed support. However, as a violist, Miletić has found his full expression in chamber music.

In 1982 he retired from his teaching position. He currently resides and composes in Zagreb, Croatia.

Founder, artistic director, and active member of "Pro Arte Zagreb" Quartet

He was not only the founder and an active member of the "Pro Arte Zagreb" String Quartet, but also the artistic director and manager. The quartet performed at more than 2000 concerts, and published records and CDs under his professional guidance. The majority of concerts were held outside Croatia (then Yugoslavia), namely in Europe, Africa, former Soviet Union, and USA. The quartet was invited to two All-State tours throughout the major cities in the US, in 1969 and again in 1972 where they performed in a different city every two days.

The quartet has played a significant role in the Croatian music circles through well-thought-out repertoire choices pointing towards modern music, in particular Croatian music, as well as introducing this music to the audiences around the world.

Croatian Composer

As composer, Miletić has a unique expression that reflects his respect and devotion for Croatian national folklore. From the experience of a reproductive artist he writes symphonic music, operas, concertos for different instruments, chamber music, piano works, as well as film and children music. His special interests and skills are devoted to viola, violin and guitar compositions.

His international success as a composer started in 1958 with the first performance of his "Concerto for Viola and Orchestra" in Hilversum, Nederlands. His compositions for the guitar, the violin, and the viola and chamber music have been published by many international publishers (Schott, Berben, Barenreiter, Meckverlag, Pizzicatto and Edition-Pax). One of his LPs was released in the USA.

Awards and acknowledgements

Miletić won many international awards and acknowledgments. Among them the "Gaudeamus Foundation Award" (Netherlands, 1959) for the Concerto For Viola and Orchestra, the "Golden Lion" in Venice (1960) for music for the film Piko, two gold medals in the Viotti International Music Competition, Vercelli (1967) - for Diptych for Cello and Piano, and Suite In Modo Antico for Flute and Piano. He is also the recipient of numerous domestic awards and prizes.

Every year, in his home town of Sisak, Croatia there is a two-day concert celebration in his honor entitled "The Music Days of Miroslav Miletić". He has been exclusively featured at concerts throughout the world (Paris, Tokyo, Trieste, Vienna, Zagreb, Sisak).

His "Ples za Violinu Solo" (1958) is the most performed classical composition in the history of Croatian music. The musical score for this piece can be found at the university libraries all over the world. http://www.worldcat.org/title/ples-za-violinu-solo/oclc/18252047

Miletić is a member of the international juries at the guitar competitions in Switzerland and Italy, an active member of Croatian Composers' Society, and one of the founders of the Croatian Section of the European Viola Society.

Reviews

"His knowledge of the modern music trends and a partial use of the avant-garde music experiences in many a composition never eliminated his fascination with simplicity, even naivety, we could say, of the melodic elements and rhythmics of original folklore provenance. This is particularly audible in his famous compositions Danza per violino solo, Folklore Cassations, Croatian Suite for the guitar, in string quartets (e.g. Second Quartet, called Dalmatian), Sonata for Viola and Piano, Sonatina for Violin and Guitar, Mladen’s Poems and finally, in the striking example of the so called “new simplicity” or “new romanticism”, his Concerto for the Piano from 1987, called Style Exercises.

In all these works, Miletic protects the uniqueness of his musical expression, showing that his interesting composer’s profile was formed by the essential creator’s curiosity versus the experience of the New as well as equally essential need of the artist to look for and recognize his traditional roots. In this way, the interspace between these two extremes becomes the real “space for playing” for Miletic’s imagination where he creates, sometimes with surprising simplicity, approaching in his best works, the authenticity and sincerity of expression of our masters of the naive painting.

In his letter to Miletic, the English writer Alan Sillitoe found his music “full of life, grace and energy” adding also that it is “pure, clear and full of interest, as well as comprehensible to the heart”."

- (Review by Bosiljka Peric-Kempf, 10/2001 "The Music Days of Miroslav Miletic" program brochure)

Major works

This opus is far from being complete. The daughter of prof. Miletić, Jasmina Balogh Miletić is working together with the MIC - Muzički Informativni Centar Koncertne Direkcije (The Music Information Centre of The Zagreb Concert Management) on completing the works. If you have any questions or requests, please contact Jasmina Balogh Miletić via email or MIC via their website: http://mic.hr.

Orchestral compositions
Symphonic Suite with Children's Toys (1965)
Folklore Cassations for Strings (1967)
Symphony for Wind Instruments (1980)

Concert works
Concertos for:
 viola and chamber orchestra (1958)
 flute and strings (1971)
 guitar and large symphony orchestra (1977)
 clarinet and large symphony orchestra (1978)
 horn and strings (1980)
 violin and chamber orchestra (Promenade Concerto, 1986)
 piano and strings or piano and wings (Style Exercises, 1987)
 harpsichord and strings (1992)
 two violas and symphony orchestra (1993)
 saxophone and symphony orchestra (1999)
Concerto Grosso for viola and string orchestra (2005); Cantus Publishing
Epitaf za Pepina (Epitaph for Pepin) for viola and string orchestra (2008)

Chamber music
String Quartets
I (1951)
II (The Dalmatian, 1954)
III (1960)
IV (Dance Scenes, 1962)
V (1968)
Proportions for Six Instruments (1962)
Piano Trio (1966)
The Pastoral Trio (flute, clarinet and guitar, 1969)
Four Folklore Designs (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, 1969)
8 Minutes for Henry (flute, violin, trumpet and percussion, 1972)
Hommage a Lackovic (oboe, clarinet and bassoon, 1979)
The Istrian Diptych (clarinet and string quartet, 1987)

For viola
 À Naruhito & Masako: Uspavanka (Komoriuta / 子守唄 / Lullaby) for viola and piano (2001)
 Fantazija na teme B. Brittena (Fantasia on Themes by Benjamin Britten) for viola and piano (1993)
 Iz kajdanke A. Dobronića: prisjecánje na dječje zborove (From the Music Manuscript of Antun Dobronić: Reflections on Children's Choruses) for viola and piano (1997)
 Kroateska (Croatesque) for viola solo (2001)
 Lament for viola and electronic sounds (1963)
 Male skladbe (Miniatures) for viola and piano
 Monodia for viola solo (1990)
 Monolog (Monologue) for viola and piano (1965)
 Rapsodija (Rhapsodie) for viola and piano (1955)
 Sonata for viola and piano (1981)

For guitar
Suite from Medjimurje (1974)
Kroatiche Suite, Two Dodecaphonic Etudes (1976)
Consort Trio (3 guitars, 1984)
Burdon Suita (4 guitars, 1994)

For accordion
Concert Suite (1991)
Istrian Sequence (1993)

For various ensembles
Hvar Litany for organ (1972)
Istarski način (In the Istrian Style), Trio for flute, clarinet and viola (1983)
Suita for viola d'amore and harpsichord (1994)
Sonatina for violin and guitar (1981)
Three Popular Songs from Dalmatia for voice and guitar (1981)
Centone for flute and guitar (1998)

Music for stage
The Wife of Hasan-Aga (music drama, 1964)
A Court Case (one-act comic opera, 1985)
The Turks at Sisak (a play with music, 1988)
Karolina Suhodolska (opera, 1996)

See also
List of symphony orchestras in Europe

Notes

External links

Croatian Composers Society webpage
Miroslav Miletić

To find the musical scores housed in international university libraries visit:
 http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMiletić%2C+Miroslav%2C&qt=hot_author

1925 births
People from Sisak
2018 deaths
Croatian composers
Croatian music educators
Croatian violinists


The Curtiss JN-6H (Model 1F) was an American biplane trainer aircraft built by Curtiss for the United States Army Air Service during World War I.

Design and development
Developed from the one-off JN-5H advanced trainer, the 6H had a superior aileron operation mechanism. It was used in a variety of roles, with stick and rudder in either one seat or both: JN-6HB single-control bomber trainer (154 built), JN-6HG-1 dual-control gunnery trainer (560 built), JN-6HG-2 single-control gunnery trainer (90 built), JN-6HO single-control observation trainer (106 built),and JN-6HP single-control pursuit trainer (125 built), a total of 1,035; five went to the Navy.

The airframe did not differ substantially from the JN-4H (Model 1E), and used the same 150 hp (112 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8A ("Hisso") V8, which weighed 408 lb (185 kg).

Some of the aircraft were modernized as the Curtiss JNH and later to the Curtiss JNS (JN Standard) with either a 180 hp (134 kW) Wright-Hispano E (as JNS-E) or 150 hp (112 kW) Wright-Hispano I engine (as JNS-I).

Variants
JN-6H
Bomber training variant
JN-6HB
Single-control bomber trainer, 154 built
JN-6HG-1
dual-control gunnery trainer, one dorsal guns, 560 built.
JN-6HG-2
single-control gunnery trainer, two dorsal guns, 90 built
JN-6HO
single-control observation trainer, 106 built
JN-6HP
Pursuit training version, 125 built.

Operators

United States Army Air Service
United States Navy

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. .
Donald, David, ed. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Prospero Books, 1997. .
Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. "JN-4 and JN-6, Curtiss". Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare, Volume 14. London: Phoebus Publishing, 1978.

1910s United States military trainer aircraft
JN-6H
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918


L'Âme de la France ("The Soul of France") is the name given by the French sculptor Carlo Sarrabezolles to three identical monumental statues that he executed in three different materials during the interwar period, the first in plaster in 1921, the second in stone in 1922, and the last in bronze in 1930. 3.2 metres tall, they represent a female warrior with naked breasts raising her arms toward the sky.

Overview
Executed from the first of the three models, the newest sculpture is currently located on a pedestal at the entrance to Hell-Bourg on the Heights of the island of Réunion, an overseas département of France in the Indian Ocean. It was presented by the deputy Lucien Gasparin to the commune of Salazie in 1931 and since then has gone through island history in unusual fashion.

At first erected in the little village centre before the town hall, it was quickly dynamited off its pedestal by the priest, then successively kept in pieces behind a hair salon, repaired by welding, and at last moved several kilometres to the place where it still stands. There, it was once again torn off its pedestal by a tropical cyclone, then abandoned, face down on the ground, for twenty years before finally being found by chance during construction work in 1968. It was then put back in place, rehabilitated as a memorial to World War I dead, celebrated in magnificent public ceremonies, registered in the general inventory of historic monuments, and finally classified as such in 2004.

Technical and symbolic characteristics
Like the two other examples, in plaster and stone, L'Âme de la France in bronze is a statue 3.20 m high. It depicts a helmeted female warrior stretching her two arms toward the sky, her right hand ending in a delicate little spray of flowers and, by contrast, her left fist forcefully gripping a shield slipped onto her forearm.

This singular V-shaped pose is not random. According to Le Quotidien de La Réunion, "this woman symbolises 'the victory of a France grateful to her dead'", in this case the soldiers who fell during World War I, in which the people of Réunion participated, notably led by the aviator Roland Garros. Thus, the figure visually depicts the country's gratitude toward the poilus through what the Mérimée Database of historic monuments called a "secular allegory", and the statue can thus be used as a war memorial, as is the case on Réunion.

Nevertheless, the subject of L'Âme de la France has its own individual characteristics that contrast strongly with its martial attributes. First, she was "lovingly fashioned down to the smallest details, from the folds of her dress to her splendid braids", two long pigtails that "slide down her back". In addition and even more importantly, she represents a young half-nude woman, her belly and her breasts bared "to the open air", the slender body and the head turned to the right in a position that is ultimately very sensual.

Origins

L'Âme de la France is the work of Charles Sarrabezolles, often called Carlo Sarrabezolles. It was the first monumental work of this French sculptor born in Toulouse on 27 December 1888 and who attended that city's école des Beaux-Arts from 1904 to 1907, and its Parisian counterpart until 1914. In that year he was mobilised for service in World War I, in which he fought and was taken captive. Thus until 1918 he was unable to practice his art due to the conflict that would inspire his statues.

In 1921, he made a first model in plaster, now stored in the Historial de la Grande Guerre in Péronne, Somme, which won the silver medal at the Salon des Artistes Français. That year, he also made at least one 55 cm miniature in green polished bronze and gold, now found in a private collection. The following year, he created a copy in monumental stone, earning him the national prize; he donated this sculpture to the Musée du Luxembourg in Paris but it is now stored at the Musée Sainte-Croix in Poitiers. Finally, in 1930 he cast the bronze sculpture now found in Hell-Bourg, Réunion.

This last sculpture ended up in Réunion only due to the intervention of a leading political figure, Lucien Gasparin, who was literally "the incarnation of Réunion in the National Assembly from 1906 to 1942": it was this deputy, born in 1868, who signed the public order at a cost of thirty million francs on 11 July 1931. Soon after, in the little village centre of Salazie, a commune on the Heights of the island situated in the eponymous cirque, the statue was placed in front of the town hall.

Setup of the bronze statue on Réunion and wrecking

The bronze statue's placement before Salazie town hall also situated it right in front of the nearby church, pastored by a conservative young priest born in 1902, Father Gabriel Bourasseau. Having been active in Young Christian Workers, he passed through the novitiate in Orly and on Madagascar, whence he was sent to Réunion at the end of two years. He had already worked as a vicar at Champ-Borne and on the Plaine des Cafres before arriving at Salazie, where he rebuilt the old wooden church into an enlarged stone parish church.

Describing the monument to the dead as "shocking", the priest began to mobilise the faithful in favour of its destruction, and launched "a politico-religious battle" nevertheless attributed by some to a maneuver taken up by Lucien Gasparin, a profoundly anti-clerical descendant of affranchi freed slaves. In an attempt to defuse the situation, inhabitants proposed covering the statue's naked breasts with clothing, but mayor Didier Fontaine rejected this solution.

However, several years later, the Third Republic fell to Nazi Germany during the Second World War, and Father Bourasseau took advantage of the change in political regime to obtain from Vichy the right to take down the statue. A first attempt involving parishioners pulling the statue with ropes failed to take it down. They finally resorted to dynamite which succeeded in bringing it down, breaking its arms in the process. The debris was kept in a hangar behind a hairdresser's shop in Salazie.

Removal and fall into oblivion

The upheavals of the Second World War and the conversion of Réunion into a département saw the return to favour of the bronze L’Âme de la France; as a result, its arms were welded back on. However, it was moved out of Salazie centre toward Hell-Bourg, at the entrance of which it was set up and is still found today, in a little garden decorated with several fanjans (tree ferns). It was placed facing a large kiosk and the town hall annex of the period, which has since been dismantled and rebuilt behind the statue.

The young woman's back precisely faces the cliff that separates the cirque from the plateau that opens onto the Bélouve Forest, which dramatizes its placement, served by a high pedestal and a cast-iron décor. Moreover, today it faces a commemorative plaque dedicated to the poet Auguste Lacaussade situated on the other side of the lane that passes through Hell-Bourg and thus sits at the heart of a space devoted to public representation and commemoration.

Although this new site allowed the controversy to die down, the statue was not well-sheltered. Soon after its relocation, it was ripped off its pedestal by a devastating tropical cyclone known locally as the cyclone of 1948. Thrown to the ground a second time, it lay abandoned, face-down, for twenty years until the place was refurbished: in 1968, communal workers rediscovered it intact under grasses and construction debris.

Rehabilitation and listing

Upright once more, the bronze L’Âme de la France was rehabilitated as a war memorial and thus survived its backer Gasparin (d. 1948), its detractor Fr. Bourasseau (d. 1957) and its creator Sarrabezolles, who died in 1967 not without having executed other statues with their arms raised, such as Le Génie de la mer in 1935. The parishioners appropriated the sculpture for themselves by assimilating the female personage it depicts with Joan of Arc, the patron saint of France, and on 14 July 1974, according to Le Quotidien de La Réunion, "Hell-Bourg finally rendered it a homage worthy of this name, with flowers, trumpets, joy and serenity".

The bronze L’Âme de la France and its pedestal were inscribed on the general list of Monuments historiques on 22 October 1998 by arrêté (administrative act). Then, on 5 May 2004, the war monument ensemble was classified, again by arrêté. This national recognition has helped promote the image of Hell-Bourg as a picturesque village of great interest to the cultural heritage, a view supported by the nearby presence of buildings such as the Maison Folio, likewise classified.

As of 2007, the statue is an object of particular attention for one of the heads of the Salazie ecomuseum, Marc Pesseau, "its lover and above all the guardian of its history". According to him, several shadowy areas remain to be filled in the statue's history, but he is passionate in his research. Moreover, he notes that the institution over which he presides is working to renovate the pedestal, funds for which the French state must eventually decide to appropriate through the Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles.

References

Outdoor sculptures in France
Culture of Réunion
World War I memorials in France
Monuments and memorials in France
Bronze sculptures in France
1921 sculptures

1922 sculptures

1930 sculptures
Monuments historiques of France
Plaster sculptures
Stone sculptures in France
Statues in France
Sculptures of women in France


William Gregory Strother (born January 8, 1982) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins.  He played college football at the University of New Mexico.

References

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Evansville, Indiana
American football linebackers
Washington Redskins players
Miami Dolphins players


Anatoly Nikolayevich Alexandrov () (, Moscow – April 16, 1982, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian composer of works for piano and for other instruments, and pianist. His initial works had a mystical element, but he downplayed this to better fit socialist realism. He led a somewhat retiring life, but received several honors.

Alexandrov was the son of a Professor of Tomsk State University. He attended the Moscow Conservatory (which he left in 1915), where he was a pupil of Nikolai Zhilyayev, Sergei Taneyev and Sergei Vasilenko (theory), Alexander Ilyinsky (composition) and Konstantin Igumnov (pianoforte). His early music revealed the influence of Nikolai Medtner and Alexander Scriabin. He was appointed Professor at the Moscow Conservatory in 1923. Viktor Belyaev, Alexandrov's first biographer, wrote in 1926: "If Myaskovsky is a thinker, and Feinberg a psychologist, then Alexandrov is, before anything else, a poet." Alexandrov was also a strong proponent of Stanchinsky and edited much of his compositions for publication.

Works

For orchestra
Symphony No. 1 in C, Op. 92 (1965)
Symphony No. 2 in B-flat, Op. 109 (1977/78)
Piano Concerto, Op. 102 (1974)
Overture on Russian folksongs, Op. 29 (1915, rev. 1930)
Overture on two Russian folksongs, Op. 65 (1948)
Stage and Film music

Vocal music
Two Worlds, opera (1916)
The Forty-first, opera, Op. 41 (1933–35, unfinished)
Béla, opera, Op. 51 (1940–45)
Die wilde Bara, opera, Op. 82 (1954–57)
Lewscha, r opera, Op. 103 (1975)
 many songs for voice and piano

Chamber music
String Quartet No. 1 in G, Op. 7(1914, rev. 1921)
String Quartet No. 2 in C-sharp minor, Op. 54 (1942)
String Quartet No. 3, Op. 55 (1942)
String Quartet No. 4 in C major, Op. 80 (1953)
Cello Sonata in G major, Op. 112 (1981/82)

Piano sonatas
Sonata No. 1 in F-sharp minor, Op. 4. "Märchensonate" (1914)
Sonata No. 2 in D minor, Op. 12 (1918)
Sonata No. 3 in F-sharp minor, Op. 18 (1920, rev. 1956 und 1967)
Sonata No. 4 in C, Op. 19 (1922, rev. 1954)
Sonata No. 5 in G-sharp minor, Op. 22 (1923, rev. 1938)
Sonata No. 6 in G, Op. 26 (1925)
Sonata No. 7 in D, Op. 42 (1932)
Sonata No. 8 in B-flat, Op. 50 (1939–44)
Sonata No. 9 in C minor, Op. 61 (1945)
Sonata No. 10 in F, Op. 72 (1951)
Sonata No. 11 in C, Op. 81 "Sonate-Fantasie" (1955)
Sonata No. 12 in B minor, Op. 87 (1962)
Sonata No. 13 in F-sharp minor, Op. 90 "Märchensonate" (1964)
Sonata No. 14 in E, Op. 97 (1971)

Other piano works
6 Preludes, Op. 1 (revised by the composer, 1961)
2 Pieces, Op. 3 (revised by the composer, 1919)
"Obsession passée", 4 Fragments, Op. 6 (1911–17)
Poem, op. 9 (1915)
4 Preludes, Op. 10 (1916)
Two Fragments from the Music to the Drama by M. Maeterlinck "Ariana and Blue-Beard", op. 16a
Visions, 5 pieces, op. 21 (1919-1923)
Three Pieces, op. 27 (1927)
3 Etudes, Op. 31
Little Suite No. 1, Op. 33 (1929)
"Eight Pieces after themes from Songs of the People of the USSR", Op. 46 (1937)
4 Narratives, Op. 48 (1939)
Ballad, Op. 49 (1939)
Suite Fantasia after opera "Bela", three pieces, op. 51b
Echoes of the Theatre, six pieces, op. 60
Four Miniature Pictures, op. 66 (1937)
Bashkirian Melodies, 9 pieces, op. 73 (1950)
Four Pieces, op. 75 (1951)
Russian Folk Melodies, volume 2, 10 pieces, op. 76 (1951)
Little Suite No. 2, Op. 78 (1952)
"Romantic Episodes", 10 pieces, Op. 88 (1962)
Elegy and Waltz, Op. 89 (1964)
Four Pieces from Incidental Music for Films, op. 92 (1967)
Pages From A Diary, Book 1, ten pieces, op. 94 (1967)
Pages From A Diary, Book 2, ten pieces, op. 95 (1967-1968)
Three Fugues, op. 100 (1973)
Little Suite No. 3, Op. 102 (1973)
"My Soul -- Elysium of Visions", 5 pieces, Op. 110 (1979)
"Visions", 2 pieces, Op. 111 (1979, unfinished)

Instrumental music
Suite for Wind Quartet (Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon)

References

1888 births
1982 deaths
20th-century pianists
20th-century Russian male musicians
Composers from Moscow
People's Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the USSR
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Male pianists
Composers from the Russian Empire
Composers for piano
Russian military personnel of World War I
Music educators from the Russian Empire
Opera composers from the Russian Empire
Pianists from the Russian Empire
Soviet composers
Soviet film score composers
Soviet male composers
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet music educators
Soviet opera composers
Soviet pianists
Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery
Moscow Conservatory alumni
Russian film score composers
Film score composers from the Russian Empire