The canton of Cancale is a former canton of France, located in the arrondissement of Saint-Malo, in the Ille-et-Vilaine département, Brittany région. It had 16,254 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.

Composition
The canton comprised the following communes:
 Cancale ;
 La Fresnais ;
 Hirel ;
 Saint-Benoît-des-Ondes ;
 Saint-Coulomb ;
 Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes.

Election results

Between 2011 and 2015, the canton of Cancale was represented in the general council of Ille-et-Vilaine department by DVG councillor Maurice Jannin, Mayor of Cancale.

2004

References

Former cantons of Ille-et-Vilaine
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


The Allende meteorite is the largest carbonaceous chondrite ever found on Earth. The fireball was witnessed at 01:05 on February 8, 1969, falling over the Mexican state of Chihuahua. After it broke up in the atmosphere, an extensive search for pieces was conducted and over 2 tonnes (2.2 tons) were recovered. The availability of large quantities of samples of the scientifically important chondrite class has enabled numerous investigations by many scientists; it is often described as "the best-studied meteorite in history." The Allende meteorite has abundant, large calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAI), which  are among the oldest objects formed in the Solar System.

Carbonaceous chondrites compose about 4 percent of all meteorites observed to fall from space. Prior to 1969, the carbonaceous chondrite class was known from a small number of uncommon meteorites such as Orgueil, which fell in France in 1864. Meteorites similar to Allende were known, but many were small and poorly studied.

Fall
The original stone is believed to have been approximately the size of an automobile traveling towards the Earth at more than 10 miles (16 km) per second. The fall occurred in the early morning hours of February 8, 1969. At 01:05 a huge, brilliant fireball approached from the southwest and lit the sky and ground for hundreds of miles. It exploded and broke up to produce thousands of fusion crusted pieces. This is typical of falls of large stones through the atmosphere and is due to the sudden braking effect of air resistance. The fall took place in northern Mexico, near the village of Pueblito de Allende in the state of Chihuahua. Allende stones became one of the most widely distributed meteorites and provided a large amount of material to study, far more than all of the previously known carbonaceous chondrite falls combined.

Strewnfield
Stones were scattered over a huge area – one of the largest meteorite strewnfields known. This strewnfield measures approximately 8 by 50 kilometers. The region is desert, mostly flat, with sparse to moderate low vegetation. Hundreds of meteorite fragments were collected shortly after the fall. Approximately 2 or 3 tonnes of specimens were collected over a period of more than 25 years. Some sources guess that an even larger amount was recovered (estimates as high as 5 tonnes can be found), but there is no way to make an accurate estimate. Even today, over 50 years later, specimens are still occasionally found. Fusion crusted individual Allende specimens ranged from  to .

Study

Allende is often called "the best-studied meteorite in history." There are several reasons for this: Allende fell in early 1969, just months before the Apollo program was to return the first Moon rocks. This was a time of great excitement and energy among planetary scientists. The field was attracting many new workers and laboratories were being improved. As a result, the scientific community was immediately ready to study the new meteorite. A number of museums launched expeditions to Mexico to collect samples, including the Smithsonian Institution and together they collected hundreds of kilograms of material with CAIs. The CAIs are billions of years old, and help to determine the age of the Solar System. The CAIs had very unusual isotopic compositions, with many being distinct from the Earth, Moon and other meteorites for a wide variety of isotopes. These "isotope anomalies" contain evidence for processes that occurred in other stars before the Solar System formed.

Allende contains chondrules and CAIs that are estimated to be 4.567 billion years old, the oldest known solids to have formed in the Solar System (other carbonaceous chondrites also contain these, and presolar grains are older). The CAIs are 30 million years older than the Earth and 193 (± 6) million years older than the oldest rock known on Earth, thus, the Allende meteorite  has revealed information about conditions prevailing during the early formation of the Solar System. Carbonaceous chondrites, including Allende, are the most primitive meteorites, and contain the most primitive known matter. They have undergone the least mixing and remelting since the early stages of Solar System formation. Because of this, their age is frequently taken as the age of the Solar System.

Structure

The meteorite was formed from nebular dust and gas during the early formation of the Solar System. It is a "stony" meteorite, as opposed to an "iron," or "stony iron," the other two general classes of meteorite. Most Allende stones are covered, in part or in whole, by a black, shiny crust created as the stone descended at great speed through the atmosphere as it was falling towards the earth from space, causing the exterior of the stone to become very hot, melting it, and forming a glassy "fusion crust."

When an Allende stone is sawed into two pieces and the surface is polished, the structure in the interior can be examined. This reveals a dark matrix embedded throughout with mm-sized, lighter-colored chondrules, tiny stony spherules found only in meteorites and not in earth rock (thus it is a chondritic meteorite). Also seen are white inclusions, up to several cm in size, ranging in shape from spherical to highly irregular or "amoeboidal." These are known as calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions or "CAIs", so named because they are dominantly composed of calcium- and aluminum-rich silicate and oxide minerals. Like many chondrites, Allende is a breccia, and contains many dark-colored clasts or "dark inclusions" which have a chondritic structure that is distinct from the rest of the meteorite.  Unlike many other chondrites, Allende is almost completely lacking in Fe–Ni metal.

Composition

The matrix and the chondrules consist of many different minerals, predominantly olivine and pyroxene. Allende is classified as a CV3 carbonaceous chondrite: the chemical composition, which is rich in refractory elements like calcium, aluminum, and titanium, and poor in relatively volatile elements like sodium and potassium, places it in the CV group, and the lack of secondary heating effects is consistent with petrologic type 3 (see meteorites classification). Like most carbonaceous chondrites and all CV chondrites, Allende is enriched in the oxygen isotope O-16 relative to the less abundant isotopes, O-17 and O-18.  In June 2012, researchers announced the discovery of another inclusion dubbed panguite, a hitherto unknown type of titanium dioxide mineral.

There was found to be a small amount of carbon (including graphite and diamond), and many organic compounds, including amino acids, some not known on Earth. Iron, mostly combined, makes up about 24% of the meteorite. Detailed study in 2020 have even identified iron and lithium-containing protein of extraterrestrial origin, first such discovery in meteorite.

Subsequent research
Close examination of the chondrules in 1971, by a team from Case Western Reserve University, revealed tiny black markings, up to 10 trillion per square centimeter, which were absent from the matrix and interpreted as  evidence of radiation damage. Similar structures have turned up in lunar basalts but not in their terrestrial equivalent which would have been screened from cosmic radiation by the Earth's atmosphere and geomagnetic field. The meteorite was estimated to have been around two tons of solid rock and dust. Thus it appears that the irradiation of the chondrules happened after they had solidified but before the cold accretion of matter that took place during the early stages of formation of the Solar System, when the parent meteorite came together.

A 1977 analysis at California Institute of Technology of isotopes of the elements calcium, barium and neodymium in the meteorite indicated that those elements came from some source outside the early clouds of gas and dust that formed the Solar System. This supports the theory that shockwaves from a supernova – the explosion of an aging massive star – triggered, or contributed to, the formation of the Solar System. As further evidence, the Caltech group said the meteorite contained Aluminum-26, a short-lived rare isotope of aluminum. This acts as a "clock" on the meteorite, dating the explosion of the supernova to within less than 2 million years before the Solar System was formed. Subsequent studies have found isotopic ratios of krypton, xenon, nitrogen and some other elements whose forms are also unknown in the Solar System. The conclusion, from many studies with similar findings, is that there were a lot of substances in the presolar disc that were introduced as fine "dust" from nearby stars, including novas, supernovas, and red giants. These specks persist to this day in meteorites like Allende, and are known as presolar grains.

See also
Glossary of meteoritics

Notes

a.  The number of specimens and total weight can never be known with certainty. Clarke et al. (1971) reported that "At least two tons of meteoritic stones have been recovered." Hundreds more have been found since it was published.

References

External links
 Allende Meteorite at the Smithsonian Institution

Meteorites found in Mexico
1969 in Mexico
1969 in science
February 1969 events in Mexico
Geological type localities


Alterswilen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1248 as Alterswilaer.

The municipality also contained the village Bommen. It had 129 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 186 in 1920. After a decline to 134 in 1970 it was back on 182 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Bertram Stevens may refer to:
Bertram Stevens (politician) (1889–1973), Australian politician
Bertram Stevens (critic) (1872–1922), Australian literary critic and editor
Bert L. Stevens (1905–1964), American film and TV actor, brother of Barbara Stanwyck, whose birth name was Malcolm Byron Stevens


Altishausen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1159 as Altinshusin.

The municipality had 120 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 155 in 1950. After a decline to 111 in 1970 it rose to 161 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Dotnacht is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 824 as Tottinheiche.

The municipality also contained the village Engelswilen, Aufhäusern, Altshof and others. It had 327 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 281 in 1900. After an increase to 303 in 1950 it declined again, to 244 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

 Former municipalities of Thurgau
 Villages in Thurgau


This article is about the particular significance of the year 1771 to Wales and its people.

Incumbents
Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey - Sir Nicholas Bayly, 2nd Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire and Monmouthshire – Thomas Morgan of Rhiwpera (until 15 May) Charles Morgan of Dderw (from 23 December)
Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire - Thomas Wynn
Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Wilmot Vaughan, 1st Earl of Lisburne
Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – George Rice
Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire - Richard Myddelton
Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire - Sir Roger Mostyn, 5th Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth (until 21 April)
Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire - William Vaughan
Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis
Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – Sir William Owen, 4th Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Edward Harley, 4th Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer

Bishop of Bangor – John Ewer
Bishop of Llandaff – Shute Barrington
Bishop of St Asaph – Jonathan Shipley
Bishop of St Davids – Charles Moss

Events
4 February - First meeting of the Cymdeithas y Gwyneddigion is held; Owen Jones is its president.
21 December - Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet, marries, as his second wife, Charlotte Grenville.

Arts and literature

New books
Henry Evans - Cynghorion Tad i'w Fab (translated from English)
David Williams - The Philosopher, in Three Conversations

Music
Elis Roberts - Tair Rhan Oes Dyn
Peter Williams (1722-1796) - Hymns on Various Subjects (includes "Prayer for Strength", the first English translation of the hymn "Cwm Rhondda")

Births
14 May - Robert Owen, socialist businessman, founder of the cooperative movement (died 1858)
27 July - Simon Yorke, politician (died 1858)
date unknown - Hannibal Evans Lloyd, English-born translator of Welsh parentage (died 1847)

Deaths
21 April - Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth, Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan, 39
15 May - Thomas Morgan (of Rhiwpera), politician, 43
9 June - Richard Trevor, former bishop of St David's, 63
17 November - Lewis Hopkin, poet, 63
date unknown - Alban Thomas, physician

References

Wales
Wales
1771 in Europe
1770s in Wales


The Humor is a left tributary of the river Moldova in Romania. It discharges into the Moldova in Gura Humorului. Its length is  and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Suceava County


Ellighausen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1331 as Adlikusen.

The municipality also contained the village Bächi, Geboltschhusen and Neumühle. It had 179 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 150 in 1900, 136 in 1950 and 96 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


The Keeline Building is an office and retail building located in downtown Omaha, Nebraska at 319 South 17th Street. The mixed-use building was completed in 1911 just before construction of the neighboring Douglas County Courthouse was completed, the seven-story Keeline was designed by locally renowned architect John Latenser, Sr. The Building was part of a historic redevelopment in 2023 revitalizing the building into premium modern office with its original historic charm. The Keeline is built in the Georgian Revival style, said to represent "the prosperous commercial development in Omaha during this period." In 2010 the building was sold to KMC Properties LLC, of Council Bluffs, Iowa.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Omaha, Nebraska
Office buildings in Omaha, Nebraska
Office buildings completed in 1911
John Latenser Sr. buildings
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
1911 establishments in Nebraska


Sylvie Simmons is a London-born, California-based music journalist, named as a "principal player" in Paul Gorman's book on the history of the rock music press In Their Own Write (Sanctuary Publishing, 2001). A widely regarded writer and rock historian since the late 1970s, she is one of the few women to be included among the predominantly male rock elite.
Simmons is the author of a number of books, including biography and cult fiction. Simmons is also a singer-songwriter, ukulele player and recording artist.

Biography

1977–1984
In 1977 Simmons decamped to Los Angeles and became US correspondent for Sounds, one of the four major UK rock music weeklies of the period. She wrote interviews, reviews and a weekly column, 'Hollywood Highs'.
One of her earliest assignments was being sent on the road with Black Sabbath. During her first years in L.A, among the hundreds of artists she interviewed were AC/DC, Rod Stewart, The Clash, Sex Pistols, Bruce Springsteen, Stevie Nicks, Muddy Waters, Steely Dan, Blondie, Frank Zappa, Tom Petty, Beach Boys, Van Halen, Kiss, and Michael Jackson.

During the '80s, when Los Angeles witnessed an upsurge in heavy metal, hair metal and glam rock, Simmons wrote what are regarded as the definitive features on the movement, being the first journalist to bring then-unknown acts like Mötley Crüe and Guns N' Roses to international attention. (She would go on to co-author the first book on Mötley Crüe with rock writer Malcolm Dome, Lüde, Crüde and Rüde, 1994, out of print).

In 1981 when Sounds editor Geoff Barton founded the UK heavy metal magazine Kerrang!, he asked Simmons to be its L.A correspondent. She did so, under the pseudonym (and blonde wig) of Laura Canyon, while continuing to write under her own name for Sounds.

During her LA period Simmons wrote a weekly music column for the Knight-Ridder newspaper syndicate; a monthly column for the Japanese magazine Music Life; and interviews/articles for a number of European publications. She was a regular contributor to the US rock magazine Creem and co-hosted the syndicated US rock radio show "London Wavelength".

1984–1993
In 1984 Simmons moved back to North London continuing to write for Sounds and Kerrang! along with other UK magazines and newspapers - Q, The Times, the Radio Times and The Guardian.  She wrote for US, European and Japanese magazines, this time as a UK correspondent, including Creem, Creem Metal, Rockin F; Metal Hammer.  Among the artists she interviewed during this period were Joni Mitchell; Cyndi Lauper; Kate Bush; Warren Zevon; Little Richard; Boy George; Mick Jagger; Sting; George Michael; Jimmy Page; Robert Plant; Elton John.

In 1990 Simmons moved to France.  She continued to write about music, making frequent trips to London and L.A. to do interviews.

Simmons started writing rock-related short fiction.  These would later be published as Too Weird For Ziggy, (Black Cat, ) a collection of interlinked short stories about the weirdness of celebrity.  Grove/Atlantic resurrected its Black Cat imprint (previously home to William S. Burroughs and Henry Miller) to publish Simmons' first collection of fiction.  The book bore testimonials from Sharon Osbourne, Marianne Faithfull, Slash of Guns N' Roses, Lemmy of Motörhead and Tori Amos, and was widely praised.

During her years in France, Simmons started investigating French pop music and was particularly taken with Serge Gainsbourg.  This too would result in a book - the highly lauded Serge Gainsbourg: A Fistful of Gitanes (Helter Skelter Publishing, 2001 ). J. G. Ballard chose it as his book of the year.  It was published in the UK in 2001 and translated from the English original into ten languages.  In 2015 an expanded digital edition of Serge Gainsbourg: A Fistful of Gitanes was released, in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese.

In the Summer of 1993, Simmons was contacted by the editors of Q about a new magazine they were designing, with the focus on classic rock artists.  MOJO magazine was launched in October 1993.  Simmons wrote for the first issue and has written for MOJO, as Contributing Editor, ever since.

1994–2004
Simmons moved back to London and continued to write. Her  Interviews during this period included Tom Waits; Neil Young; Johnny Cash; Leonard Cohen; Brian Wilson; Peter Gabriel; David Byrne; PJ Harvey; Keith Richards; Kate Bush; and Bo Diddley.

In 1997 Simmons inaugurated MOJO's influential "Americana" column to give more exposure to the new wave of independent roots music by artists.  She has written the Americana column ever since.

Subsequently, she compiled and wrote liner notes for the compilation album The Rough Guide to Americana, on the World Music Network, in 2001 and the follow-up album released in 2016.

Simmons' essay, "States of Mind", on Country music, Americana and America's myth of itself, was published in the book 1000 Songs To Change Your Life (Random House, 2008, ), an anthology that also featured essays by Bjork, David Byrne, Ennio Morricone, Linda Thompson and Tom Waits.

During this period she made a number of appearances on radio, TV and DVDs. talking about music, including Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile (director David Leaf, 2004).

Simmons contributed essays and writings to a number of books during this period, including The Virgin Story of Rock ’N Roll (1995),  Girls Will Be Boys: Women Report on Rock  (1997), Kiss: Modern Icons (1997), The MOJO Collection: Ultimate Music Companion (2000), and Let Fury Have the Hour: the Punk Rock Politics of Joe Strummer  (2004).

In 2001 Simmons's biography of Neil Young was published: Neil Young- Reflections in Broken Glass (MOJO Books/Canongate, ).

Simmons compiled and/or  curated a number of liner notes for artists ranging from David Bowie to Leonard Cohen to the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Perhaps the best known is "Unearthed", the widely regarded hardback book she wrote, at the request of Johnny Cash and Rick Rubin, Cash's producer. It was to be released in conjunction with a CD box set to celebrate Cash and Rubin's decade of working together. (American Recordings, 2003). "Unearthed" turned out to be Cash's first posthumous release, and their interviews – conducted over a one-week period at Cash's home less than six weeks before he died – the last major interviews he would give.

2004–present
In 2004 Simmons moved to San Francisco, California. She continued to write and publish interviews, articles, reviews, for MOJO, The Guardian, various European publications, and during her early years in Frisco, her local newspaper, the San Francisco Chronicle.

Her interviews during this period included Joan Baez; the Eagles; Marianne Faithfull; Jackson Browne; Kris Kristofferson; Willie Nelson; Crosby Stills & Nash; Neil Diamond; Rosanne Cash; Glen Campbell.

Her liner notes now included Americana and country artists, including Linda Ronstadt, Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson.

Her liner notes for the CD/DVD Leonard Cohen: Live at the Isle of Wight (Sony) won her an ASCAP Deems-Taylor Award.

She appeared on a number of radio shows and music-related TV shows including The Seven Ages of Rock (BBC Two, 2007; VH1 2008).

In 2010 Simmons was featured in the movie The Mighty Uke: The Amazing Comeback of a Musical Underdog, talking about the upsurge of interest in the ukulele. Simmons had played piano, recorder, clarinet, and guitar at various times in her life, but when she moved to San Francisco she left her instruments in storage in England. So she acquired a ukulele. It was given its first public airing at the end of a documentary that the BBC made on Simmons in 2011, called The Rock Chick

Leonard Cohen
From 2009 to 2012, Simmons was writing a major biography of Leonard Cohen. With Cohen's blessing, Simmons interviewed more than a hundred people for the book, including Cohen himself.  I'm Your Man: The Life of Leonard Cohen was published in September 2012 by Ecco/Harper Collins in the US, McClelland & Stewart in Canada and Jonathan Cape/Random House in the UK.

A New York Times best-seller, the book received extremely favourable reviews.  The New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin described it as "The definitive Cohen portrait, fearless and smart. The major, soul-searching biography that Cohen deserves." The LA Times called it "A new gold standard of biographies." NPR critic Michael Scaub named it the best biography of the year.

I'm Your Man: The Life of Leonard Cohen was also an international best-seller, and No 1 on the Canadian national book charts.

In September 2012, Simmons began an unconventional book tour. Traveling across America and then the world with her book and a ukulele, she talked about Leonard Cohen, read from the book and performed his songs – often accompanied by different guest musicians in each town. Her performances were not only in bookstores, libraries and literary festivals, but in rock music nightclubs, record stores, churches, synagogues, and at museums and music festivals.

The tour continued for more than a year, with shows performed in the US, UK, Germany, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Although the tour officially ended with the release of the paperback edition of the book in September 2013, she continues to play Leonard Cohen shows at special events.  She has made numerous appearances as a keynote speaker at universities, museums and other institutions, talking about Cohen and writing his biography.

The book itself has been published in more than 20 languages: Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, French-Canadian, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish,  Portuguese, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish, Taiwanese, with more translations underway.

In March 2014 the audiobook edition won an Audiofile Earphones Award.  In 2017 a French-language version of the audiobook was released.

In 2017, a year after Cohen passed away, Simmons wrote another chapter for her book, picking up where the original book stopped  - a conversation with Leonard on the balcony of his L.A home -  and telling the story of his life and work from 2012 up to his end.  The new updated edition was published in the UK and Canada and Spain and in the more recent translated editions.

In 2017, Simmons was invited to the Museum of Contemporary Art in Montreal be keynote speaker and a panelist at a major exhibition dedicated to Leonard Cohen Une Breche en Toute Chose/A Crack in Everything.  She was interviewed onstage by Eleanor Wachtel for the prestigious CBC cultural radio program Writers & Company.  Simmons wrote an essay on Cohen for the exhibition's catalog, the hardback book Leonard Cohen: A Crack In Everything

In 2018 the Leonard Cohen exhibition went on tour, making its first stop at the Jewish Museum of New York, and Simmons did an event there.  Later the same year, when the exhibition moved to Copenhagen, Denmark, Simmons was the keynote speaker and hosted a Masterclass in writing biography.

Music
When she was in her fifties, Simmons came out as a singer-songwriter. In interviews she said that performing Leonard Cohen songs on her book tour cured her of the stage fright that put a stop to her being a singer in her youth, and had led to her decision to write about music instead.  She started featuring her own songs in concerts, continuing to accompany herself on a ukulele.

She recorded her debut album, Sylvie, at Wavelab Studio in Tucson, AZ,  produced by Howe Gelb of Giant Sand.  Gelb had been an early supporter of her songs and encouraged her to make a record.  The record label Light In The Attic Records asked to release it, making Simmons the first artist to release their debut on the label.

The album Sylvie was released in November 2014 and earned universally good reviews. The Guardian called it "one of the most beautiful low-key albums of the year" and the Times called it "Poetic, Guileless, reminiscent of a female Leonard Cohen."

In 2015, following a concert in Santiago, Chile, Simmons and two Chilean musicians Matias Cena and Diego Alorda recorded Algo En Algo, a pop-up record of six songs they played at the show and released it for free.

In 2018 Simmons' songs, "Hard Act To Follow", appeared in the Hollywood movie based on the Nick Hornby book "Juliet, Naked."

Simmons' second album Blue on Blue was released August 14, 2020 on Compass Records.  Howe Gelb once again handled production duties and various members of Giant Sand contribute. This too was greeted with universally good reviews such as this one:- AllMusic Review by Mark Deming

Books and journalism
In 2015, Simmons began a collaboration with Debbie Harry, co-writing Harry's memoir Face It.  The book was published in 2019 and was a New York Times bestseller.

Simmons was a featured essayist in the anthology Faith: Essays from Believers, Agnostics, and Essayists (Simon and Schuster, 2015).

Her articles on rock and interviews were featured in anthologies on Joni Mitchell; Lou Reed; Leonard Cohen; Steely Dan; Fleetwood Mac; and Tom Waits.

BibliographyBooks by Sylvie Simmons

2012 I'm Your Man: The Life of Leonard Cohen. (Ecco, US; Jonathan Cape, UK; McClelland & Stewart, Canada) 2018
Updated edition (Vinage, UK; McClelland, Canada)
Translations: Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, French-Canadian, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish,  Portuguese, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish, Taiwanese.

2004 Too Weird for Ziggy. (Black Cat/Grove, US; Grove Atlantic, UK).
Translations: Russian.

2003 Johnny Cash: Unearthed (American Recordings)

2001 Serge Gainsbourg: A Fistful of Gitanes.. (Helter Skelter UK;  2002 Da Capo, US. Updated digital edition 2015)
Translations: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Dutch, Italian, French, German, Dutch.

2001 Neil Young: Reflections in Broken Glass. Biography (UK and US (MOJO/Canongate)
 Books co-written by Sylvie Simmons2019 Face It  by Debbie Harry and Sylvie Simmons (Dey St, US)

1994 Lüde Crüde and Rüde:- The Story of Mötley Crüe - by Sylvie Simmons and Malcolm Dome (Castle Communications)
 Anthologies: featuring essays or articles by Sylvie Simmons'''

Joni on Joni: Interviews with Joni Mitchell (2019) - essay/interview

My Week Beats Your Year: Encounters with Lou Reed (2019)

Leonard Cohen: A Crack in Everything (2018)

Major Dudes: A Steely Dan Companion (2018)

Visions from the Tower of Song: Essays (2017)

Fleetwood Mac on Fleetwood Mac (2016)

Faith: Essays from Believers, Agnostics and Atheists (2015)

Tom Waits on Tom Waits: Interviews and Encounters (2011)

1000 Songs to Change Your Life (2008)

Creem: America's Only Rock 'N Roll Magazine (2007)

London Noir (2006)

Let Fury Have the Hour: the Punk Rock Politics of Joe Strummer  (2004)

The MOJO Collection: Ultimate Music Companion (2000)

Kiss: Modern Icons (1997)

Girls Will Be Boys: Women Report on Rock (1997)

The Virgin Story of Rock n Roll (1995)

Notes

References
Paul Gorman, In Their Own Write: Adventures in the Rock Press'', Sanctuary Publishing, 2001.

External links

English music journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Writers from London
English women journalists
English women non-fiction writers
20th-century English women writers
English women singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
Women writers about music
Light in the Attic Records artists


Hugelshofen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1176 as Hugolteshouen.

The municipality had 442 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 360 in 1900, 359 in 1950 and 325 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


João Paulo de Castro Silva Bessa (born Porto, 25 April 1947) is a Portuguese architect, journalist and a former rugby union player and coach. He also played football and tennis.

Career
Bessa begun his Architecture studies at the Escola Superior de Belas-Artes do Porto (ESBAP) and finished it at the Escola Superior de Belas-Artes de Lisboa (ESBAL) in 1973. He first played at CDUP (1965/66-1967/68) but moved then to CDUL (1968/69-1980/81) in Lisbon. He had 5 caps for Portugal, from 1969 to 1974.

After ending his playing career, he became a coach. He was the National Team coach from 1983 to 1986 and from 1994 to 1999. He almost achieved the qualification for the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals, but was eliminated by Uruguay at the repechage.

João Paulo Bessa also has been a sports journalist for many Portuguese newspapers.

External links
João Paulo Bessa International Statistics
João Paulo Bessa Data
João Paulo Bessa Rugby Blog

1947 births
Living people
Portuguese rugby union players
Portuguese rugby union coaches
Portuguese architects
Portuguese journalists
Portuguese male journalists
Sportspeople from Porto


Winifred Freedman (born July 23, 1957) is an American actress and singer primarily known for her roles in television shows.

Life and career
Born in Granite City, Illinois, Freedman attended Granite City High School, graduating in 1975. She graduated with a degree in theater from Northwestern University in 1979. During her time at the university, Freedman was "Winnie the Wildcat", the team's co-ed mascot of the late 1970s. She was elected homecoming queen in 1978.

Freedman is perhaps best known for playing Annette Mastorelli, Chachi Arcola's cousin and bass guitar-playing bandmate, in Joanie Loves Chachi (1982–83), the short-lived spin-off of Happy Days.  After Joanie Loves Chachi ended, she was a regular on the equally short-lived syndicated soap opera, Rituals (1984–85), as Patty DuPont, a plain-Jane (but very hard working) boarding school student who later became the personal assistant to Taylor Chapin (Jo Ann Pflug; Tina Louise) and would go on to marry a man named Bernhard Kraus (Cameron Smith). Between 1986 and 1989, she appeared in six episodes of Mr. Belvedere as Kevin's classmate, Wendy.

Freedman has landed roles in a number of films throughout her career, starting with The Last American Virgin in 1982. Her other film credits include My Man Adam (1985), Reform School Girls (1986), You Can't Hurry Love (1988), The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (1988), Hero and the Terror (1988), The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989), The Shrink Is In (2001) and Evolution (2001).

Since 2001, Freedman's television appearances have become more sporadic, guest-starring in shows like JAG (2004), Desperate Housewives (2006), Without a Trace (2008), Major Crimes (2013) and Young Sheldon (2019).

Freedman has also starred in plays, such as Design for Living in 1982 and Found a Peanut in 1986, the latter in which she played an eight-year-old girl. Eugene Kenneth Hanson of The Desert Sun wrote that she "underplays her part in a very expert way." She and others in the cast of Annie Evans' Ghost Stories in 1989 were noted to "lack the presence and originality to fire up the show." Her work as Delightful in Dearly Departed was noticed by T.H. McCulloh in the Los Angeles Times.

She is married to Scott Harlan.

She is on the Granite City School District's Wall of Fame.

Partial filmography
Film
The Last American Virgin (1982) – Millie
My Man Adam (1985) – Amanda
Crossroads (1986) – Nurse #4
Reform School Girls (1986) – Terri
Ratboy (1986) – Girlfriend
You Can't Hurry Love (1988) – Sample Videotape #2
Hero and the Terror (1988) – Gina
The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (1988) – Stephanie
CHUD II: Bud the CHUD (1989) – Ticket Taker
The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989) – Bad Singer
Limit Up (1989) – Pit Recorder
The Shrink Is In (2001) – Mrs. Dopalla
Evolution (2001) – Debbi
Television
Happy Days (1982) – Annette Mastorelli; 1 episode
Joanie Loves Chachi (1982–83) – Anette Mastorelli; 17 episodes
Rituals (1984–85) – Patty DuPont; unknown episodes
The Ellen Burstyn Show (1986) – Carrie; 2 episodes
Mr. Belvedere (1986–89) – Wendy; 6 episodes
Revenge of the Nerds III: The Next Generation (1992) – Operator; TV movie

References

External links

Living people
Actresses from Illinois
American soap opera actresses
American television actresses
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
People from Granite City, Illinois
1957 births
21st-century American women


Bearpen Mountain is a mountain located in the Catskill Mountains of New York.
The mountain's highest peak is in Greene County, but its northwest subpeak at  is the highest point in Delaware County at 3,520 ft.
Bearpen Mountain is flanked to the north by Roundtop, and to the southeast by Vly Mountain.

The northeast side of Bearpen Mountain drains into Little West Kill, thence into Schoharie Creek, the Mohawk River, the Hudson River, and into New York Bay.
The west side of Bearpen drains into Batavia Kill, thence into the East Branch of the Delaware River, and into Delaware Bay.
The south side of Bearpen drains into Vly Creek, thence into Bush Kill, Dry Brook, and the East Branch of the Delaware.

Bearpen Mountain is well known for its trail system with miles of motorized and hiking trails.

The mountain was host to a ski area in the late 1950s and 1960s, originally called Princeton Ski Bowl. Taking advantage of the mountain ridge's northeast exposure and high snowfall, the ski area operated until a land dispute forced its closure. Skiing at Bearpen was an "upside-down" affair, as skiers had to access the summit via a rough auto road. Remains of the lodge and early rope tow ski lifts are still visible in the forest around the mountain top. The mountain is still a popular location for backcountry skiing. From the summit to the valley below skiers can tally around 2100 vertical feet of glades and backcountry trails.

See also
 List of mountains in New York
 New York County High Points

Notes

External links
 Bearpen Mountain Hiking Information Catskill 3500 Club
 Bearpen Mountain Hike Hiker's information

Mountains of Greene County, New York
Catskill High Peaks
Mountains of Delaware County, New York
Mountains of New York (state)


The following article presents a summary of the 1948 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 47th season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

São Paulo declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Brazilian clubs in international competitions

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1948.

External links
 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1948 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

References

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


Lippoldswilen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 1303 as Lupoltwile.

The municipality also contained the village Unterstöcken as well as six other hamlets. It had 153 inhabitants in 1850, which remained stable with 154 in 1900, but then decreased to 138 in 1950 and 97 in 1990.

In 1996, the municipality was merged with other neighboring municipalities including Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen, to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


Rachel Wayne "Rac" Slider (born December 23, 1933, at Simms, Texas) is a retired infielder and manager in American minor league baseball who also spent four seasons (1987–1990) as a Major League Baseball coach with the Boston Red Sox. In his playing days, Slider stood  tall, weighed , batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Slider graduated from James Bowie High School in Simms in 1951, and signed his first professional baseball contract in 1954. During an 11-year playing career (1954–1956; 1958–1964; 1966) he never reached the Major League level, although he spent four seasons in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. In his finest year in the PCL, with the 1961 Hawaii Islanders, Slider batted .300 with 154 hits, 75 runs scored, and a career-high seven home runs. In 1962, the Kansas City Athletics sold Slider's contract to the Red Sox, and he spent the remainder of his career in the Boston organization.

He managed Bosox farm clubs for 21 consecutive seasons, from 1965 through 1985, beginning with the Harlan Red Sox and Covington Red Sox in the Rookie-level Appalachian League. His next assignment, in 1967–1968 as skipper of the Class A Waterloo Hawks, saw the professional debut of eventual Hall of Fame catcher Carlton Fisk.  Slider spent nine seasons at the helm of the Red Sox' Winter Haven affiliate in the Class A Florida State League. He won pennants in 1970 (in the Class A Western Carolinas League) and 1979 (in the Florida State League). In 1983, his New Britain Red Sox won the Double-A Eastern League playoffs behind first-year pitcher Roger Clemens.

In all, Slider spent three seasons in Double-A and reached the highest minor league level as the pilot of the 1985 Pawtucket Red Sox of the Triple-A International League. Overall, his managerial record was 1,275–1,405 (.476) in 2,680 games.

Slider was promoted to the MLB Red Sox' coaching staff after the 1986 season. He served under John McNamara as Boston's bullpen coach, and under Joe Morgan as the Red Sox' third-base coach, from 1987 to 1990. He was a minor league infield instructor with the Red Sox in 1986 and from 1991 to 1994.

References
Boston Red Sox Media Guides, 1992-1994 inclusive.
Howe News Bureau, Boston Red Sox 1983 Organization Book.

External links
Minor league playing and managing record, from Baseball Reference
Retrosheet coach's page

1933 births
Living people
Alexandria Aces players
Baseball coaches from Texas
Baseball players from Texas
Boston Red Sox coaches
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Hawaii Islanders players
Little Rock Travelers players
Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Pampa Oilers players
Pawtucket Red Sox managers
Sportspeople from Bowie County, Texas
Portland Beavers players
Seattle Rainiers players
Shreveport Sports players
Winston-Salem Red Sox players


The Helmert transformation (named after Friedrich Robert Helmert, 1843–1917) is a geometric transformation method within a three-dimensional space.
It is frequently used in geodesy to produce datum transformations between datums.
The Helmert transformation is also called a seven-parameter transformation and is a similarity transformation.

Definition
It can be expressed as:

where

  is the transformed vector
  is the initial vector

The parameters are:

  – translation vector. Contains the three translations along the coordinate axes
  – scale factor, which is unitless; if it is given in ppm, it must be divided by 1,000,000 and added to 1.
  – rotation matrix. Consists of three axes (small rotations around each of the three coordinate axes) , , . The rotation matrix is an orthogonal matrix. The angles are given in either degrees or radians.

Variations
A special case is the two-dimensional Helmert transformation. Here, only four parameters are needed (two translations, one scaling, one rotation). These can be determined from two known points; if more points are available then checks can be made.

Sometimes it is sufficient to use the five parameter transformation, composed of three translations, only one rotation about the Z-axis, and one change of scale.

Restrictions
The Helmert transformation only uses one scale factor, so it is not suitable for:
 The manipulation of measured drawings and photographs
 The comparison of paper deformations while scanning old plans and maps.
In these cases, a more general affine transformation is preferable.

Application

The Helmert transformation is used, among other things, in geodesy to transform the coordinates of the point from one coordinate system into another. Using it, it becomes possible to convert regional surveying points into the WGS84 locations used by GPS.

For example, starting with the Gauss–Krüger coordinate,  and , plus the height, , are converted into 3D values in steps:
 Undo the map projection: calculation of the ellipsoidal latitude, longitude and height (, , )
 Convert from geodetic coordinates to geocentric coordinates: Calculation of ,  and  relative to the reference ellipsoid of surveying
 7-parameter transformation (where ,  and  almost always change by a few hundred metres at most, and distances by a few mm per km).
 Because of this, terrestrially measured positions can be compared with GPS data; these can then be brought into the surveying as new points – transformed in the opposite order.

The third step consists of the application of a rotation matrix, multiplication with the
scale factor  (with a value near 1) and the addition of the three translations, , , .

The coordinates of a reference system B are derived from reference system A by the following formula (position vector transformation convention and very small rotation angles simplification):

or for each single parameter of the coordinate:

For the reverse transformation, each element is multiplied by −1.

The seven parameters are determined for each region with three or more "identical points" of both systems. To bring them into agreement, the small inconsistencies (usually only a few cm) are adjusted using the method of least squares – that is, eliminated in a statistically plausible manner.

Standard parameters
Note: the rotation angles given in the table are in arcseconds and must be converted to radians before use in the calculation.

These are standard parameter sets for the 7-parameter transformation (or data transformation) between two datums. For a transformation in the opposite direction, inverse transformation parameters should be calculated or inverse transformation should be applied (as described in paper "On geodetic transformations"). The translations , ,  are sometimes described as , , , or , , . The rotations rx, ry, and rz are sometimes also described as ,  and .  In the United Kingdom the prime interest is the transformation between the OSGB36 datum used by the Ordnance survey for Grid References on its Landranger and Explorer maps to the WGS84 implementation used by GPS technology. The Gauss–Krüger coordinate system used in Germany normally refers to the Bessel ellipsoid.  A further datum of interest was ED50 (European Datum 1950) based on the Hayford ellipsoid. ED50 was part of the fundamentals of the NATO coordinates up to the 1980s, and many national coordinate systems of Gauss–Krüger are defined by ED50.

The earth does not have a perfect ellipsoidal shape, but is described as a geoid. Instead, the geoid of the earth is described by many ellipsoids. Depending upon the actual location, the "locally best aligned ellipsoid" has been used for surveying and mapping purposes. The standard parameter set gives an accuracy of about  for an OSGB36/WGS84 transformation. This is not precise enough for surveying, and the Ordnance Survey supplements these results by using a lookup table of further translations in order to reach  accuracy.

Estimating the parameters
If the transformation parameters are unknown, they can be calculated with reference points (that is, points whose coordinates are known before and after the transformation. Since a total of seven parameters (three translations, one scale, three rotations) have to be determined, at least two points and one coordinate of a third point (for example, the Z-coordinate) must be known. This gives a system with seven equations and seven unknowns, which can be solved.

For transformations between conformal map projections near an arbitrary point, the Helmert transformation parameters can be calculated exactly from the Jacobian matrix of the transformation function.

In practice, it is best to use more points. Through this correspondence, more accuracy is obtained, and a statistical assessment of the results becomes possible. In this case, the calculation is adjusted with the Gaussian least squares method.

A numerical value for the accuracy of the transformation parameters is obtained by calculating the values at the reference points, and weighting the results relative to the centroid of the points.

While the method is mathematically rigorous, it is entirely dependent on the accuracy of the parameters that are used. In practice, these parameters are computed from the inclusion of at least three known points in the networks. However the accuracy of these will affect the following transformation parameters, as these points will contain observation errors. Therefore, a "real-world" transformation will only be a best estimate and should contain a statistical measure of its quality.

See also
 Geographic coordinate conversion
 Procrustes analysis
 Surveying

References

External links
 Helmert transform in PROJ coordinate transformation software
 Computing Helmert Transformations

Geodesy
Transformation (function)


Zoologische Verhandelingen was a Dutch  scientific journal covering research in zoology. It was published between 1948 and 2002 by the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden. All issues are available online.

References

Zoology journals
Academic journals established in 1948
Publications disestablished in 2002
Defunct journals
Multilingual journals


Glasinfryn is a small village in Gwynedd, Wales. It is situated between the village of Tregarth and the city of Bangor, Gwynedd, and in the community of Pentir. The village is residential in nature but with many outlying farms.

It is noted for having two bridges: one carries the old Bethesda to Bangor railway trackbed on an attractive Victorian architecture viaduct; the other is a concrete flyover built in the 1980s carrying the A55.

It is credited as the start of the A4244 road, but in reality the road lies approximately  south of the village. "Infryn" means turf, therefore the name of the village means literally "blue/green turf".

References

External links

www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Glasinfryn and surrounding area

Villages in Gwynedd
Pentir


Neuwilen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

The municipality also contained the village Schwaderloh.

In 1996 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen and Siegershausen to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.

About 250 people live in Neuwilen.  The only public buildings are the primary school building and the kindergarten building.

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


Günther Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Pancke  (1 May 1899 – 17 August 1973) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served as Higher SS and Police Leader of Denmark.

History
Pancke was born in Gnesen (Gniezno), Province of Posen, German Empire (today part of Poland). He served during the First World War as frontline officer with the rank of Leutnant. Between 1920 and 1927 he stayed in South America. He joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1930, and the SS on 1 June 1931.

Pancke was appointed as Verbindungsoffizier between the Führerhauptquartier and the SS-Totenkopfverbänden and Einsatzgruppen des SD in 1939. After that he served as Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer "Mitte". From October 1943 until the end of the war he was appointed as the SS- und Polizeiführer "Dänemark" and was promoted to Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei on 20 April 1944, and General der Waffen-SS on 21 March 1945.

During his role in Denmark, he became incensed by the refusal of the Danish police to combat resistance forces or to protect factories from sabotage.  He ordered the entire national police force, amounting to approximately 10,000 officers, to be arrested and sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp. Approximately 1,700 were arrested, with the balance eluding capture.

In 1948, Pancke was found guilty of war crimes by a Danish court and sentenced to 20 years in prison. However, he was released early in 1953. Pancke died on 17 August 1973 in Hamburg.

References

Sources and external links

 Interrogation of Pancke, Günther, in pdf format in Nuremberg.pdf

1899 births
1973 deaths
People from Gniezno
People from the Province of Posen
Prussian Army personnel
German Army personnel of World War I
Nazis convicted of war crimes
SS and Police Leaders
German people imprisoned abroad
Prisoners and detainees of Denmark
German police officers convicted of crimes
Waffen-SS personnel
SS-Obergruppenführer
20th-century Freikorps personnel


5160 Camoes, provisional designation , is an asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 23 December 1979, by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne and Brazilian astronomer Edgar Netto at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. It was later named for Portuguese poet Luís de Camões.

Orbit and classification

Camoes orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,359 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc starts in 1979, as no precoveries were taken and no identifications were made prior to its discovery.

Physical characteristics

Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.3 and assuming a generic albedo over the range of 0.05 to 0.25, Camoes measures between 6 and 12 kilometers in diameter.

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Camoes measures 6.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.259. As of 2016, the asteroid's composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown.

Naming

This minor planet was named after Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet, Luís de Camões (1524–1580). His epic Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads), a fantastical interpretation of the Portuguese voyages of discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, shows an extraordinary knowledge of astronomy. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 February 1993 ().

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

005160
Discoveries by Henri Debehogne
Discoveries by Edgar Rangel Netto
Named minor planets
19791223


Schwaderloh is a village in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

In 1499, it was the site of the Battle of Schwaderloh as a part of the Swabian War.

Schwaderloh is located in the former municipality Neuwilen. In 1996, Neuwilen municipality merged with its neighbors to form a new and larger municipality, Kemmental.

Villages in Switzerland


Simien or Semien may mean:

People
Wayne Simien, an American professional basketball player
Terrance Simien, a U.S. zydeco musician, accordionist and songwriter
Tracy Simien, a former NFL football player

Places
Kingdom of Simien, a Jewish kingdom said to have been located in the north-western part of Ethiopia
Simien Mountains, Ethiopia
Semien Mountains National Park

See also
Simian, "pertaining to apes"
Simian (disambiguation)
Simion, a Romanian name


The 2008 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships took place in Treviso, Italy on the weekend of January 26 and January 27, 2008. As 2007, four events were scheduled.

Medal table

Medal summary

External links

UCI website

Uci Cyclo-cross World Championships, 2008
Cyclo-cross
UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
International cycle races hosted by Italy
January 2008 sports events in Europe


The Metropolitan Hotel  is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Chely Wright. It was her first album for the Dualtone label, after a failed deal with the Vivaton! label. This album produced four singles, of which two were Top 40 hits on the country music charts: the number 40 "Back of the Bottom Drawer" and "The Bumper of My SUV" at number 35. The third and fourth singles ("The River" and a cover of Chuck Berry's "You Never Can Tell", respectively), both failed to chart. Wright left Dualtone after the release of this album.

Track listing

Personnel
As listed in liner notes:

 Steve Brewster – drums
 Tom Bukovac – electric guitar
 Jimmy Carter – bass guitar
 Eric Darken – percussion
 Chip Davis – background vocals
 Stuart Duncan – mandolin
 Shannon Forrest – drums
 Vince Gill – background vocals
 Tony Harrell – keyboards
 Aubrey Haynie – fiddle
 Mark Hill – bass guitar
 Sean Hurley – bass guitar
 Travis Javis – piano
 Jeff King – electric guitar
 Chris McHugh – drums
 Greg Morrow – drums
 Gordon Mote – piano, keyboards
 James T. Olsen – electric guitar
 Russ Pahl – steel guitar
 Billy Panda – acoustic guitar
 Scotty Sanders – steel guitar
 Bryan Sutton – acoustic guitar
 Michael Hart Thompson – electric guitar
 Emily West – background vocals
 John Willis – acoustic guitar
 Chely Wright – lead vocals
 Jonathan Yudkin – mandolin

Strings on "Back of the Bottom Drawer" and "The River" performed by the Nashville String Machine, conducted and arranged by Steve W. Maldin. Strings on "Between a Mother and a Child" performed and arranged by Jonathan Yudkin.

Chart performance

References

2005 albums
Dualtone Records albums
Chely Wright albums


Jan Willem Pieneman (; 4 November 1779 – 8 April 1853) was a painter from the Northern Netherlands.

Biography
Jan Willem Pieneman was born on 4 November 1779 in Abcoude in the Dutch Republic (present-day Netherlands).

Initially, he worked as a salesman, but also took courses at the Amsterdam Stadstekenacademie. In 1805 he was appointed as drawing instructor at the artillery and engineering training centre in Amersfoort. He was particularly noted for his paintings depicting events from the history of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

His fame was established by a painting he did at the Villa Welgelegen, depicting the heroic acts of the Prince of Orange at the Battle of Quatre Bras, followed by a painting of the Battle of Waterloo. The latter found favor with the Duke of Wellington, who invited him to England, on several occasions, to do portraits.

In 1820 he was appointed as first director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten) in Amsterdam, a position he held until his death. He also served as an assistant director at the "Koninklijk Kabinet" (now the Mauritshuis). From 1844 to 1847 he was director of the Rijksmuseum which at that time was still housed in the Trippenhuis.

He played an important role as mentor and tutor to a group of young artists, one of whom was Jozef Israëls. Other pupils included: Christina Alida Blijdenstein, Jacob Bruggink, Gijsbertus Craeyvanger, Reinier Craeyvanger, Johannes Hinderikus Egenberger, Petrus Franciscus Greive, Lambertus Johannes Hansen, Louis Meijer, his son Nicolaas Pieneman, Jan Jacob Spohler and Willem Steelink.

Pieneman died on 8 April 1853 in Amsterdam.

Works
Include:

References

External links

Jan Willem Pieneman on Artnet

1779 births
1853 deaths
19th-century Dutch painters
Dutch male painters
Directors of museums in Amsterdam
People from Abcoude
Dutch portrait painters
19th-century Dutch male artists


Jamie Lynn Szantyr (born June 2, 1981) is an American color commentator and retired professional wrestler, She is best known for her time with  NWA and  Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Velvet Sky. She is a former two-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion and is a former TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion as part of The Beautiful People (with Madison Rayne and Angelina Love, with the group defending the title under the Freebird rule).

Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (2003–2007)

Szantyr was trained by Jason Knight at the House of Pain Pro Wrestling Dojo in New Britain, Connecticut. After completing her training, she began working as a valet and wrestler on the independent circuit using the ring names Miss Talia, Talia Doll, and Talia Madison. On the independent circuit, she formed a tag team known as T&A with April Hunter.

Talia made her debut for World Xtreme Wrestling (WXW) on March 3, 2004, where she defeated Alere Little Feather. She won her first championship in professional wrestling, the WXW Women's Championship, after winning a battle royal on May 29, 2004. Talia went on to successfully defend her title against April Hunter, Cindy Rogers, Psycho and Ariel. On August 28, Talia teamed up with Alicia in a winning effort defeating Cindy Rogers and Mercedes Martinez in a tag team match, and defeated Becky Bayless in a bra and panties match on September 9. Talia continued her undefeated streak, successfully defending her title against Alere Little Feather, Luscious Lily, Cindy Rogers, Officer Mercy, and against Feather and Alicia in a triple threat match. On November 27, Talia teamed up with April Hunter in a winning effort defeating The Moonshiners (Lulu and Trinity H. Campbell). On December 11, Talia successfully defended her title against Krissy Vaine. The following week, Talia teamed up with The Moonshiners (Lulu and Trinity H. Campbell) defeating Alicia, Cindy Rogers and Mercedes Martinez in a six-woman tag team match. Talia's winning streak ended after she was defeated by Martinez on April 25, 2005. On July 8 at the WXW Spotsfest event, Talia lost the championship to Martinez. On September 12 at the WXW Tour, Talia unsuccessfully challenged Martinez for the title in a rematch. At the WXW 4th Annual Women's Elite 8 event, Talia unsuccessfully challenged Martinez again, this time in a triple threat match also involving Krissy Vaine.

Szantyr made a few appearances in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in 2005 and 2006. On the February 24, 2005 episode of WWE SmackDown!, she appeared as an extra during the JBL "Celebration of Excellence" party. She was then defeated by Victoria on July 11 in a match taped for WWE Heat. On January 2, 2006, she and Trinity were planted in the front row of the audience to be selected to dance with The Heart Throbs after their match in another Heat segment. She also auditioned for the 2007 Diva Search, but did not make the final eight. As Talia Madison, she held Defiant Pro Wrestling Women's title, which she won on April 8, 2006, after defeating Alere Little Feather and Nikki Roxx in a triple threat match.

Later that year, she debuted in MXW Pro Wrestling and defeated Alere Little Feather at Brass City Battle. She also wrestled in Women's Extreme Wrestling (WEW), where she mainly worked in tag team matches. She found championship success here as half of The Simple Girls/The Madison Sisters with her (kayfabe) sister Nikki Madison, and as the "T" half of the T&A tag team with April Hunter, defeating Team Blondage's Amber O'Neal and Lollipop to win the titles on WEW's April 6, 2006 pay-per-view. She also held the WEW World Women's title, defeating Angel Orsini on May 5, 2007.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

The Beautiful People (2007–2011)

When Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) announced the creation of their women's division in 2007, Szantyr, using her Talia Madison ring name, was announced as one of the ten wrestlers in a 10-woman gauntlet match to crown the first TNA Knockouts Champion at the Bound for Glory pay-per-view. Before the show, she made non-wrestling appearances on the October 5 episode of TNA Today and the October 11 episode of Impact!, standing at ringside for the debut match of Amazing Kong along with the other gauntlet match participants. In the weeks following the gauntlet match, her ring name was changed to Velvet Sky.

At the December Turning Point pay-per-view, Sky and Angelina Love formed an alliance and were dubbed Velvet Love Entertainment, later renamed The Beautiful People. After defeating ODB and Roxxi Laveaux early in the show, Love and Sky assisted Gail Kim in her match against Awesome Kong. They assisted Kim again after another match against Kong on the December 6 episode of Impact!, and at the Final Resolution pay-per-view, helping to stop a post-match brawl.

On the March 13 episode of Impact!, Sky and Love attacked Roxxi Laveaux and later that night Gail Kim, thus becoming villainous characters for the first time. At Lockdown, Sky and Love participated in the first ever Queen of the Cage match, which was won by Laveaux, when she pinned Love inside the cage. Sky and Love participated in the Make Over Battle Royal-Ladder Match at Sacrifice, which was won by Gail Kim. Around this time, Sky and Love added another factor to their gimmicks, placing brown paper bags over their opponents heads after defeating them. Soon after, Moose joined The Beautiful People, but she was quickly removed from the stable and the TNA roster after suffering an injury on the independent circuit. On the July 17 episode of Impact!, Sky won a Knockouts battle royal to become the number one contender to the TNA Knockouts Championship, but lost the title match the next week, as well as two more title matches immediately following, to then-champion Taylor Wilde.

The Beautiful People began associating themselves with Cute Kip, who become known as their "fashionist". At Bound for Glory IV, The Beautiful People and Cute Kip were defeated by ODB, Rhaka Khan, and Rhino. In March 2009, the team gained a new member in Madison Rayne, while Kip was "fired" from the stable twice in the following month before finally becoming a road agent for the company. Sky was in Love's corner when she defeated Kong and Wilde to win the TNA Knockouts Championship at Lockdown. Sky was also in Love's corner at Slammiversary, where she helped her defeat Tara by spraying hairspray in her eyes. At Hard Justice, Sky, along with Love, competed in a tag match against ODB and Cody Deaner in a losing effort when Deaner pinned Sky, resulting in Love losing the Knockouts Championship to ODB. After the loss, Madison Rayne was kicked out of The Beautiful People, with the pair vowing revenge in the upcoming tournament for the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship. The last of the four quarter final matches pitted The Beautiful People against Rayne and a mystery partner, who was later revealed to be the returning Roxxi. Regardless, The Beautiful People won the match and advanced to the semi-finals.

After the match was taped, Love was released from her TNA contract due to work visa issues. On the last episode of Impact! taped before her release, Love and Sky advanced to the finals of the tag team tournament by defeating Tara and Christy Hemme after interference from Madison Rayne. Afterwards, Rayne apologized to both Sky and Love, and was then welcomed back into the Beautiful People. At No Surrender, Sky and Rayne were defeated in the finals of the tournament by Sarita and Taylor Wilde. On October 1, Love's replacement Lacey Von Erich made her debut and joined the Beautiful People. Love would return to the company on the January 14, 2010, episode of Impact!, but instead of re-joining the Beautiful People, she attacked them, thus turning Love face.

On the March 8 episode of Impact!, Sky and Rayne defeated the teams of Love and Tara and Sarita and Taylor Wilde in a three-way match to win the vacant TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship, after interference from Daffney. The three members of the Beautiful People defended the titles under the Freebird rule. On the April 5 episode of Impact!, Sky was one of the four winners of the very first LockBox Showdown Elimination Tag Match. The box she opened contained a contract for Sky to challenge anyone of her choosing at any time, regardless of the stipulation. Sky then announced that she would be using her contract to face the new Knockouts Champion Angelina Love in a Leather and Lace match the following week. With Sky and Madison Rayne scheduled to receive a shot at the Knockouts Championship at Lockdown, the Beautiful People turned the Leather and Lace match into a three-on-one beat down, in order to soften Love up for the pay-per-view the following Sunday. At the pay-per-view, Rayne and Sky defeated Love and Tara, and Rayne became the new Knockouts Champion. Sky faced Love once again on the June 24 episode of Impact, and won by disqualification after receiving a DDT onto a steel chair, just like Von Erich the previous week.

In the summer of 2010, Sky began showing signs of a face turn, when Rayne began talking down to her and Von Erich, declaring that she did not need either of them, and then recruited a mystery woman hiding behind a motorcycle helmet to help her in her feud with Angelina Love. On the July 22 episode of Impact!, Sky refused to go along with Rayne, the mystery woman and Sarita, when they all finished assaulting Love and Taylor Wilde.

On the August 5 episode of Impact!, Sky and Von Erich lost the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship to Hamada and Taylor Wilde, when Rayne's and the mystery woman's interference backfired. The following week, Sky cemented her face turn by attacking the mystery woman during Rayne's title match with Angelina Love, and in doing so caused a distraction, which cost Rayne the Knockouts Championship. On the August 19 episode of Impact!, Sky reunited with Angelina Love, accompanying her to the ring and helping her successfully defend the Knockouts Championship against Rayne. After the match, Sky and Love were beaten down by Rayne and the mystery woman.

Rayne's mysterious ally was finally unmasked as Tara on the September 2 episode of Impact!, when the two of them defeated Sky and Love in their first match together in a year. At No Surrender, Sky defeated Rayne in a singles match. Lacey Von Erich would join Sky and Love, after being saved by them from Rayne and Tara on the September 16 episode of Impact!. Von Erich, however, would leave the promotion two months later on November 11.

In October, Sky entered a feud with Sarita, who would score back–to–back pinfall victories over her on the October 28 and the November 4 episodes of Impact!, first in a six-Knockout tag team match and then in a singles match. On the December 9 episode of Impact! Sky and Love defeated Sarita and Daffney in the first round match of a tournament for the vacant Knockouts Tag Team Championship, but Sky was still unable to pin Sarita. Two weeks later, Sarita attacked Sky prior to her and Love's tournament final match. As a result, Winter, who had been stalking Love for the past months, took Sky's place in the match and teamed with Love to defeat Madison Rayne and Tara to win the Knockouts Tag Team Championship. The following week, Sarita defeated Sky in a Strap match. On the January 27 episode of Impact!, Sky brawled with Winter, claiming she was trying to break up the Beautiful People. Sarita pinned Sky once again on the February 17 episode of Impact! in a tag team match, where she teamed with Rosita. After the match, Sky challenged Sarita to a one–on–one match, where she agreed to put her career on the line. On the March 3 episode of Impact!, Sky was finally able to defeat Sarita in a singles match, salvaging her career in the process. On March 13 at Victory Road, Sky inadvertently cost Love and Winter the Knockouts Tag Team Championship in a match against Sarita and Rosita. On the March 24 episode of Impact!, Winter, seemingly having control over Love's actions, prevented her from saving Sky from a beat down at the hands of Sarita and Rosita. On the April 7 episode of Impact!, Love, still under Winter's influence, turned heel on Sky during a Knockouts Tag Team Championship match against Sarita and Rosita, and left her to be pinned by the champions, effectively ending the Beautiful People.

TNA Knockout Championship pursuits (2011–2012)
On the April 28 episode of Impact!, Angelina Love defeated Sky by submission in a singles match, no-selling all of her opponent's offense during the match. On the May 5 episode of Impact!, Sky pinned Winter in a two–on–three handicap match, where she teamed with Kurt Angle to face Winter, Love and Jeff Jarrett, announcing her intention of becoming the TNA Knockouts Champion in the process.

On the May 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky defeated Love and Winter in a two–on–one handicap match, but was afterwards attacked by the returning ODB, who claimed that she had gotten fired from TNA the previous June because of Sky. Sky and ODB faced each other in a singles match on the June 9 episode of Impact Wrestling, with Sky emerging victorious.

The following week, Sky and Ms. Tessmacher failed in their attempt to win the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship from Rosita and Sarita due to interference from ODB. Afterwards, Sky was beaten down by ODB and her new tag team partner, Jacqueline. On the June 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky and Tessmacher were defeated by Jacqueline and ODB in a tag team match. The feud seemingly ended on the July 7 episode of Impact Wrestling, when Sky defeated ODB and Jacqueline in a two–on–one handicap match, forcing both of them out of TNA as per stipulation of the match. On the July 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Knockouts Champion Mickie James awarded Sky a shot at her title, but before the match could take place, James was attacked by Angelina Love and Winter. When Sky tried to make the save, she was attacked by the returning ODB and Jacqueline, who were then in turn attacked by the also returning Traci Brooks.

On the September 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky defeated Angelina Love to qualify for a four-way Knockouts Championship match at Bound for Glory. On October 16 at Bound for Glory, Sky won the Knockouts Championship for the first time by defeating previous champion Winter, Madison Rayne and Mickie James in a four-way match, when Traci Brooks replaced original special guest referee Karen Jarrett, and counted the deciding pinfall. On the October 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky came to the ring and thanked the fans for supporting her. During her speech, she was attacked by the returning Gail Kim. On November 13 at Turning Point, Sky lost the Knockouts Championship to Gail Kim, ending her reign at 28 days. On the January 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky and Mickie James were defeated by Tara in a three-way number one contenders match for the Knockouts Championship. On the April 5 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky defeated Angelina Love, Madison Rayne, Mickie James, Tara and Winter in a six-way match to become the number one contender to Gail Kim's Knockouts Championship. On April 15 at Lockdown, Sky unsuccessfully challenged Kim for the title in a steel cage match. Sky received a rematch for the championship on the May 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, but was again defeated by Kim in a three-way match, which also included Brooke Tessmacher.

The following month, Sky and Mickie James ignited a feud, with James slowly turning villainous due to her jealousy of Sky. However, after weeks of inactivity, on July 24, it was reported by numerous wrestling sites that Szantyr was close to leaving TNA, after failing to come to terms on a new contract with the promotion. Two days later, Szantyr confirmed her departure from TNA, however, she was still listed as an active member of the roster on the company's website.

Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (2011)
On June 18, 2011, Sky made her debut for Mexican promotion Lucha Libre AAA World Wide at Triplemanía XIX, where she teamed with Angelina Love, Mickie James and Sexy Star to defeat Cynthia Moreno, Faby Apache, Lolita and Mari Apache in an eight-woman tag team match. On September 8, AAA announced that Sky would return to the promotion on October 9 at Héroes Inmortales. At the pay-per-view, Sky teamed with Jennifer Blake and Sexy Star to defeat Cynthia Moreno, Faby Apache and Mari Apache in a six-woman tag team "Glow in the Dark" match.

Return to the independent circuit (2012)
From June 30 to July 2, 2012, Sky took part in World Wrestling Council's (WWC) Anniversario weekend in Puerto Rico. On the first two nights, she was defeated in singles matches by Melina and, on the final night, she and Xix Savant defeated Melina and Davey Richards in a mixed tag team match.

Velvet made her debut for Bad Boys of Wrestling Federation (BBWF) on September 8 at the BBWF Caribbean Wrestling Bash Aruba The Legend Tour, where she competed against Angelina Love in a winning effort. The following night on the BBWF Caribbean Wrestling Bash Aruba The Legend Tour, Sky competed against Angelina Love in a losing effort.

Following her departure from TNA, Sky reunited with Angelina Love as the Beautiful People on September 22, 2012, at a Northeast Wrestling event, where they were defeated by Madison Rayne and Rosita. Sky made her debut for Family Wrestling Entertainment (FWE) on October 4, 2012, at the Back 2 Brooklyn internet pay-per-view, where she teamed up with Angelina Love to defeat the FWE Women's Champion Maria Kanellis and Katrina Lea in a tag team match. Sky made her debut for Maryland Championship Wrestling (MCW) on October 27 at MCW Monster Mash event, where she teamed up with Angelina Love in a winning effort defeating Jessie Kaye and Niya in a tag-team match.

Return to TNA

Knockouts Champion (2012–2013)
On the December 6 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky made her return during an in-ring segment between Mickie James and Knockouts Champion Tara, where she vowed to become champion again. The following week, Sky won her return match by defeating Madison Rayne. On January 13, 2013, at Genesis, Sky won a five-woman gauntlet match by last eliminating Gail Kim, to become the number one contender to the Knockouts Championship. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky again defeated Kim in a rematch to reaffirm her status as number one contender. The following week, Sky unsuccessfully challenged Tara for the championship after Tara's boyfriend Jessie interfered on her behalf. On the January 31 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky teamed up with James Storm and defeated Tara and Jessie in a mixed tag team match, after Sky pinned Tara.

On the February 21 episode of Impact Wrestling in London, England, Sky defeated Tara, Miss Tessmacher and Gail Kim in a fatal four-way elimination match, by last eliminating Kim to win the Knockouts Championship for the second time. Sky made her first successful title defense on the February 28 episode of Impact Wrestling, defeating Tara. On March 10 at Lockdown, Sky defeated Gail Kim to retain the championship. On the March 28 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky saved Taryn Terrell from an attack from Gail Kim and Tara. The following week, Sky teamed up with Terrell in a losing effort to Kim and Tara, after the special guest referee Joey Ryan made a fast count on Terrell. After the match, Terrell gave Ryan a low blow when Sky distracted him. TNA then announced that Sky had suffered a knee injury during the match. Despite the injury, Sky successfully defended the Knockouts Championship against Mickie James on the April 25 episode of Impact Wrestling. On the May 23 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky lost the championship to James, ending her reign at 117 days. In the following weeks, Sky would demand a rematch,  but James would reply by avoiding her and later attacking Sky, as well as taking advantage of her injured leg, turning James villainous in the process. Sky and James eventually their rematch on the June 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, where James won by submitting Sky. Sky returned on the July 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, saying that she had made the mistake of letting James know she was injured, and that she would never make that mistake again, and Sky then sat ringside during James' title match with Gail Kim. Sky was supposed to team with ODB in a Knockouts hardcore tornado tag team match against Gail Kim and Mickie James at Hardcore Justice, however, Sky was not medically cleared to compete because of her knee injury, and the match was altered to a Knockouts triple threat hardcore match.

Relationship with Chris Sabin (2013–2014)
In mid–September 2013, Sky entered a romantic storyline with newly turned heel Chris Sabin (her real life boyfriend at the time), despite being a face herself. Sky would eventually help Sabin win the X Division Championship from his rival Austin Aries, and helped him successfully defend it multiple times on Impact Wrestling. On the January 30, 2014 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky reunited with her former Beautiful People partner Madison Rayne in a tag team match against Gail Kim and Lei'D Tapa, which they would win when Sky pinned Kim. After the match, Sky ended her relationship with Sabin. On the February 6 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky was confronted by Sabin and challenged to a match which took place the following week, but the match never started after Alpha Female attacked Sky and aligned herself with Sabin. This would lead to tag team matches between Sky and Alpha Female, where Rayne and Sky were defeated by Female and Tapa on the February 27 episode of Impact Wrestling. After the match, they were attacked by Tapa, Gail, and Female until ODB came to their aid. This led to a six–woman tag team match, where Sky, Rayne and ODB defeated Female, Tapa and Kim, when Sky pinned Female.

The Beautiful People reunion (2014–2016)
On the March 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky was called out by the returning Angelina Love, who wanted to reunite The Beautiful People, and a week later on Impact Wrestling, Sky accepted Love's offer, while Madison Rayne would decline. On the March 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky turned heel by attacking Rayne during her match with Love, allowing Love to get the win. The Beautiful People made their in–ring return as a team the following week on Impact Wrestling, defeating Rayne and Brittany, after Love pinned Brittany. On the April 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky unsuccessfully competed in a street fight against Rayne. On the May 1 episode of Impact Wrestling, The Beautiful People celebrated Love's record setting TNA Knockouts Championship win at Sacrifice. The celebration was interrupted by Gail Kim, which allowed Rayne and Brittany to strip Sky and Love of their evening gowns. This led to the Beautiful People defeating Rayne and Brittany in a tag team elimination evening gown match the following week. Sky was defeated by Kim on the May 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, after Kim issued a challenge for any member of The Beautiful People to wrestle her. The following week, Love issued an open challenge for her Knockouts Championship, which was accepted by Brittany, who was unsuccessful in her attempt. After the match, The Beautiful People humiliated Brittany by smearing lipstick on her face and placing a paper bag over her head, resulting in Kim coming to Brittany's aid and attacking Sky and Love. Sky would then aid Love in numerous title defenses against Rayne, Kim and Brittany. The Beautiful People interrupted the return celebration of Taryn Terrell, which lead to a tag team match June 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, where Sky and Love lost to Terrell and Gail Kim. On the June 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, Love lost the Knockouts Championship to Kim, despite interference from Sky. On the July 24 episode of Impact Wrestling, The Beautiful People would interrupt a championship match between Kim and Terrell, which led to Sky unsuccessfully challenging Kim for the title in a four-way match also involving Love and Terrell on the August 14 episode of Impact Wrestling. The feud between The Beautiful People and Gail Kim ended on the August 20 Impact Wrestling: Hardcore Justice special episode, where, despite Sky's interference, Kim defeated Love in a Last Knockout Standing match. At Bound for Glory, Sky faced Havok for the Knockouts Championship, but she was unsuccessful.

During this time, Love and Sky formed an alliance with The BroMans (Robbie E and Jessie Godderz). On the January 23 episode of Impact Wrestling during the Feast or Fired match, Sky grabbed a briefcase for Robbie E, and because Sky had retrieved the briefcase, she was forced by Robbie to open it, revealing a "fired" slip. Later, it was revealed that Sky's contract had legitimately expired, and TNA had opted not to renew it.

On the May 8, episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky made her return to TNA, emerging from the audience to attack Angelina Love, thus, turning face in the process and ending her association with The Beautiful People. On the May 29, 2015, episode of Impact Wrestling, Love brought out her own personal security team and provoked Sky, who was sitting in the audience; Sky jumped the barricade and attacked Love, but was removed from the arena by Love's security team. On the June 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky defeated Love to secure her spot on the roster.

Sky made her in-ring return on the July 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, defeating Madison Rayne. On the August 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky received a Knockouts Championship match against Brooke, but she was attacked by The Dollhouse (Jade and Marti Bell) during the match. Sky was later attacked by Rebel, who joined The Dollhouse. On the following week's episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky fought The Dollhouse again, only to be assisted by Angelina Love and Madison Rayne, thus reuniting The Beautiful People. On April 22, 2016, Sky left the company for the third time, with her being written off the Impact Wrestling series by being told that she was being put in a match against new Knockout roster member Sienna, with her job in TNA on the line if she were to lose the match, which she did by pinfall.

Return to independent circuit and retirement (2016–2017)
Sky returned to the independent circuit in a six-person tag team match as she teamed with So Over (Jimmy Preston and Mark Shurman) and defeated Jake Manning, Kamaitachi and Sumie Sakai. At MCW Autumn Armageddon Tour 2016, Sky would team with Bully Ray and Drolix to defeat Damian Martinez, Ken Dixon and Kennadi Brink in a No Disqualification six-person tag team match.

On July 6, 2016, Szantyr announced her retirement to focus on going back to college. She would later state that she was retired from in-ring action, but not from professional wrestling as a whole, as she would still do appearances.

Ring of Honor Wrestling (2019–2020)
On April 6, 2019, at ROH G1 Supercard, Velvet Sky officially reunited with Angelina Love and formed a new heel stable with Mandy Leon as The Allure by attacking Kelly Klein, Jenny Rose, and Stella Grey. During Masters of the Craft (2019) on April 14, 2019, during the match between Nick Lendl and Amy Rose, The Allure was seen with selfie sticks and phones out as they walked down the ramp to where the bell ringer was and kicked her out. After the match Mandy Leon was seen confronting Amy Rose followed by Sky spraying hairspray in her eyes. In October 2020, her profile was removed from the ROH website.

National Wrestling Alliance (2021–2023)
On March 23, 2021, Sky made her NWA debut as the show's new color commentator, working beside Joe Galli and Tim Storm.

On September 8, 2023, Sky announced she was departing from the NWA on good terms, expressing an interest to continue doing commentary and not active in-ring roles.

Second return to Impact Wrestling (2023)
On September 14 at Impact 1000, Sky along with Angelina Love made a return to TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling, after a seven-year absence, confronting the Gail Kim and the Knockouts.

Other media
She was featured on MTV's Made alongside A.J. Styles, Taylor Wilde, and Angelina Love. On January 24, 2009, she appeared as a soccerette on British television program Soccer AM, along with Angelina Love. In November 2010 she was a contestant on an all TNA week of Family Feud, teaming with Angelina Love, Christy Hemme, Lacey Von Erich and Tara against Jay Lethal, Matt Morgan, Mick Foley, Mr. Anderson and Rob Van Dam. In June 2012, she was featured in Montgomery Gentry's music video for their song "So Called Life". She has also made a cameo appearance in an episode of Impractical Jokers.

Personal life
Szantyr has Polish and Italian heritage in her family. In high school, Szantyr competed in cheerleading, softball, cross-country, football, and track.
She was previously engaged to Bully Ray.

Championships and accomplishments

Defiant Pro Wrestling
DPW Women's Championship (1 time)
Georgia Wrestling Alliance
GWA Ladies Championship (1 time)
Models Mania
Woman of the Year (2013)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 11 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2013
Pro Wrestling Insider
Female Hottie of the Year (2009)
TNT Pro Wrestling
TNT Women's Championship (1 time)
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Lacey Von Erich and Madison Rayne
TNA Women's Knockout Championship (2 times)
Feast or Fired (2015 – Pink Slip)
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA Women's Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ariel
Women's Extreme Wrestling
WEW World Championship (1 time)
WEW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with April Hunter (1) and Tiffany Madison (1)
World Xtreme Wrestling
WXW Women's Championship (1 time)

Notes

References

External links

 TNA Official Website – Velvet Sky Profile

 Slam! Sports profile

1981 births
21st-century American sportswomen
21st-century female professional wrestlers
American female professional wrestlers
American people of Polish descent
American professional wrestlers of Italian descent
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Connecticut
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Sportspeople from New Britain, Connecticut
Sportspeople from Waterbury, Connecticut
WWE Diva Search contestants
TNA/Impact Knockouts World Champions
TNA/Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Champions


Speed index (sometimes speed rating) is a system of  rating the performance of Quarter Horse racehorses. The American Quarter Horse Association (or the AQHA) has used two systems over the history of Quarter Horse racing to evaluate racing performances. The original system used a letter grade, starting at D, then C, B, A and the highest AA. Later AAA was tacked on the top, and later still AAAT (for TOP AAA) was made the top speed. Eventually, this system became too cumbersome, and a new system was introduced: the Speed Index system, which used a number system, with 100 being roughly equivalent to the old AAAT. This change occurred in 1969.

The actual calculation of the speed index starts with taking the three fastest winning times at a particular distance for the past three years at a given track. These times are averaged together, which is then the 100 speed index for that distance at that track. If the average doesn't meet the minimum standard time given by the AQHA for that distance, then the minimum standard time is used instead of the specific track average. To calculate a specific speed index for a specific horse  in a specific race, the time the horse finished in is compared to the averaged speed for the distance the race was, and points are added or subtracted based on whether the time was faster or slower than the average. The number of points subtracted or added varies according to the distance of the race, and is based on a chart put out by the AQHA.

The AQHA's award Race Register of Merit is awarded to any horse that achieves a Speed Index of 80 or higher during an approved AQHA race.

See also

 Beyer Speed Figure, a similar rating in North American Thoroughbred racing
 Timeform, an English company that publishes a similar rating for Thoroughbreds throughout the world

Notes

References

 AQHA Racing Frequently Asked Questions accessed on January 19, 2008

Horse racing in the United States


The Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (ELAW) is a public interest, nonprofit, environmental organization that helps communities protect the environment and public health through law. ELAW helps partners strengthen and enforce laws to protect themselves and their communities from toxic pollution and environmental degradation.  ELAW provides legal and scientific tools and support that local advocates need to challenge environmental abuses.

History
ELAW was founded in 1989 by lawyers from Australia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Peru, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and the United States.  The founders were gathered at the University of Oregon's Public Interest Environmental Law Conference.  ELAW's U.S. office is in Eugene, Oregon.

Grants
ELAW has received grants from the MacArthur Foundation and the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation for projects in conservation and sustainable development.

See also

Biodiversity
Earth Science
Ecology
Global warming
Natural environment
Recycling
Sustainability

References

External links

Environmental organizations based in the United States
Legal organizations based in the United States


The Leone, Florentine, and Carpathia Apartment Buildings are located at 832 and 834 South 24 Street and 907-911 South 25 Street in Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Built in 1909, the buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Omaha, Nebraska
Apartment buildings in Omaha, Nebraska
Residential buildings completed in 1909
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska