The Russian Cross, also known as a death cross, is the name of a demographic trend that occurred in Russia and many other countries of the former Warsaw Pact. In Russia, starting in 1988, birth rates among native Russians (as well as most other ethnic groups of the European part of the former Soviet Union) were declining, while from 1991 (when Soviet Union collapsed) the death rates started climbing.

In 1992, the number of deaths exceeded the number of births and continued to do so to a greater or lesser degree until 2013. When this trend is plotted on a line graph starting from the mid-1980s, the lines cross in 1992, hence the name.

Contributing factors

Scientists have tried to connect the causative link between the two trends through the catastrophic growth of alcohol consumption that took place in Russia since the end of the Soviet Union and the subsequent deregulation of the Russian alcohol market.

It has been demonstrated that this is connected with the fact that post-Soviet Russia experiences one of the world's highest prevalences of alcohol-related diseases, contributing to high mortality rates in this region. Reduction in alcohol-related problems in Russia could have strong effects on mortality decline. Andrey Korotayev and Daria Khaltourina have analyzed the plausibility of the application of general principles of alcohol policy to the Russian Federation.

They have shown that alcohol policy approaches could be implemented in the same ways as in other countries. In addition, according to Korotayev, there should be special attention to decreasing distilled spirits consumption, illegal alcohol production, non-beverage alcohol consumption, and enforcement of current governmental regulations.

Other factors explaining the Russian Cross include:

 Dramatically low fertility, especially around 2000, when it bottomed out at just above one child per woman or half of replacement,
 A fall in births during the 1960s, which reduced the number of women of childbearing age in the 1990s,
 A very high birth rate between the end of the Russian Civil War (1920) and the beginning of Russia's involvement in World War II (1941), which produced a large cohort of now elderly people, to die off during the 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s, and
 A sluggish birth rate between 1945 and 1990, which was mostly at about replacement level, especially after the early 1960s.

The Russian Cross is not confined to Russia, as it has also happened in other countries, most commonly with the fall of the Soviet Union (as in Russia): Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine.

See also
 Demographic crisis of Russia
 Demographics of Russia
 Tax on childlessness, Soviet-era tax abolished in 1992
 Abortion in Russia
 1993 Russian constitutional crisis

Notes

Bibliography

Korotayev A., Khaltourina D. Russian Demographic Crisis in Cross-National Perspective.  Russia and Globalization: Identity, Security, and Society in an Era of Change / Ed. by D. W. Blum. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. P. 37-78.
Khaltourina, D. A., & Korotayev, A. V. 'Potential for alcohol policy to decrease the mortality crisis in Russia', Evaluation & the Health Professions, vol. 31, no. 3, Sep 2008. pp. 272–281.
Leon D. A., Chenet L., Shkolnikov V. M., Zakharov S., Shapiro J., Rakhmanova G., Vassin S., McKee M. 1997. Huge Variation in Russian Federation Mortality Rates 1984–1994: Artefact, Alcohol or What? // Lancet 350(9075): 383–388.

External links
Nicholas Eberstadt, Russia’s Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications (NBR Project Report, May 2010)
Russia's Demographic Decline Continues

Demographics of Russia
Ageing by country
Population decline


HMS Shrewsbury was a three-decker 80-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Joseph Allin the elder and launched at Portsmouth Dockyard on the 6th of February, 1695.

Shrewsbury narrowly escaped destruction on the Goodwin Sands during the Great Storm on the 26th of November 1703. She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and was relaunched on the 12th of  August 1713.

The Shrewsbury was part of Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon's fleet and took part against the Spanish in the disastrous defeat expedition to Cartagena de Indias during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

Shrewsbury continued in service until 1749, when she was broken up.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


Ouvrage Col de Brouis is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage consists of one entry block and two artillery blocks facing Italy at an altitude of .  The ouvrage is located about one kilometer north of Monte Grosso. It was placed to control the Col de Brouis and the D 2204 road between the Breil and Sospel.

Description
The Y-shaped ouvrage has its ammunition magazine, barracks and usine near the entry block, with the main gallery diverging before running separately to blocks 2 and 3. Col de Brouis was built by a contractor named Borie starting in November 1931 and completed in October 1934, at a cost of 11.4 million francs. Its commander in 1940 was Captain Charvet.
Block 1 (entry): one machine gun cloche and one machine gun embrasure.
Block 2 (artillery): one machine gun cloche, one observation cloche, one twin machine gun cloche, one paired 47mm anti-tank gun/machine gun embrasure and one machine gun embrasure.
Block 3 (artillery): one machine gun cloche, one observation cloche, one twin machine gun cloche and two 81mm mortar embrasures.

Two observation posts reported to Col de Brouis, including Cime du Bosc.

History
Col de Brouis saw little action in 1940, but was the scene of significant combat between retreating German forces and the Allies in April 1945.

See also
 List of Alpine Line ouvrages

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Col de Brouis (gros ouvrage) at fortiff.be

COLB
Maginot Line
Alpine Line


King Fahd's Fountain (), also known as the Jeddah Fountain, is in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It is the tallest fountain of its type in the world. It is named after King Fahd bin Abdulaziz, the ruler of Saudi Arabia from 1982 until 2005.

Overview
The fountain was donated to the city of Jeddah by King Fahd, hence its name. It was constructed between 1980 and 1983 and was launched in 1985.

Located on the west coast of Saudi Arabia, the fountain jets water to a maximum height of . The second-tallest is the World Cup Fountain in Seoul, South Korea, with a water height of .

King Fahd's Fountain is listed in Guinness World Records as the highest water fountain in the world.

The fountain is visible throughout the vicinity of Jeddah. The water ejected can reach a speed of  and its airborne mass can exceed . The fountain uses saltwater taken from the Red Sea instead of freshwater. Over 500 LED spotlights illuminate the fountain at night.

History
The fountain was initially built between 1980 and 1983, and was inspired by the Geneva Fountain (length 140 meters, pumping speed 124 mph), but the planners were not satisfied with the height. The fountain was then operated in its current form in 1985 to pump sea water at a speed of 233 miles per hour to a height of 312 meters (1024 feet).

Team Red Bull Air Force base jumper Othar Lawrence set a global record by making a historic jump along the fountain.

Design

The base of the fountain is in the form of a large mabkhara, an incense burner which symbolizes Arabian culture. Since the fountain pumps sea water, rust and corrosion were the main concerns of those who built it. Before reaching the pump, the water passes through several filters to purify it from dirt, sand and organic matter. The fountain is lit by 500 high-light LEDs.

See also

 List of things named after Saudi kings

References

External links

1985 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Buildings and structures in Jeddah
Fountains in Saudi Arabia
Tourist attractions in Jeddah


The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Burlington, Vermont, United States, is the former cathedral church of the Catholic Diocese of Burlington. The building is located at 20 Pine Street with grounds bounded by Pearl, St. Paul and Cherry Streets. In 2018, it was announced that the building would no longer serve as a Catholic church. The building is presently vacant, and in June 2019 it was listed for sale by Donahue & Associates.

History

The parish was founded as St. Mary's in 1830. The parish church that was built in 1841 became the pro-cathedral when the diocese was established in 1852.

1867 cathedral
Construction of the first Immaculate Conception Cathedral began in 1862 and continued until 1867. Progress was slowed because of the American Civil War. The Chapel of St. Patrick, which was located behind the cathedral, was completed first. The Gothic Revival cathedral built of locally quarried redstone was designed by prominent Brooklyn, New York architect Patrick Keely. Other local materials used in its construction were marble and slate from around Rutland and limestone from the Isle La Motte. It was the first Catholic church building in New England that was designed, built, and dedicated as a cathedral.

The church was consecrated on December 8, 1867, by Bishop Louis de Goesbriand without a completed tower. It was finished in 1904 under the direction of Bishop John Michaud who also commissioned the statue of Notre Dame de Lourdes that was placed on top of its blunted spire. The statue was composed of vulcanized copper covered with gold leaf and stood  tall. The altar in the cathedral had to be reset in 1936 after vibrations from traffic on the surrounding streets caused it to sink. A major interior renovation was undertaken in 1949 in preparation for the diocesan centennial.

This church served as the diocesan cathedral until it was destroyed by arson on March 13, 1972. While firefighters tried to contain the blaze, the bell tower collapsed shortly after midnight. Timothy Austin confessed to the police that he set the fire. He later pleaded innocent by reason of insanity and was sent for treatment at the state hospital.

1977 cathedral
In 1974, New York City architect Edward Larrabee Barnes was chosen to design a new cathedral on the same property. The project architect was then associate Alistair Bevington (made partner in the 80's). Barnes and Bevington used as inspiration the Billings Memorial Library at the University of Vermont, designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. The modern five-sided sanctuary is composed of low brick walls in bands of green and dark brown covered by a high standing seam copper roof, clerestory, and facade. A large cross caps the gabled roof of the clerestory. Because of a decline in the Catholic population, the seating capacity was set at 450. A rectangular-shaped structure of one and two-stories is connected to the front of the sanctuary by a wide hyphen. It contains a gathering space on the main floor and it is capped with a flat roof. The "Great Cross" stained glass window in the west wall of the sanctuary was designed by glass artist Robert Sowers, and the ten semi-circular windows in the apse were designed by glass artist David Wilson. The interiors and furnishings were designed by architect Toshiki Mori, who worked in the Barnes office at the time. The tabernacle was designed by Bevington and the marble baptismal font, by Mary Barnes.

Vermont landscape architect Dan Kiley was commissioned to plan the park-like setting. He and Barnes collaborated on the entire project. Kiley positioned the building in the center of the block facing Pine Street. The property is planted with 123 uniformly spaced locust trees. They are placed within a grid pattern created by the straight concrete walkways that form geometric lawn panels that mirror the sharp angular form of the cathedral. The trees visually shield the cathedral from its urban setting and create a sense of calm at a busy intersection. A juxtaposition is also created between the building's green and brown brick walls and copper roof with the light green leaves and dark brown trunks of the trees. A free-standing steel bell tower near the corner of Cherry and St. Paul Streets is where the old cathedral was located. The  bell was rescued from the ruins of the destroyed cathedral. It had been acquired by the parish in 1900 after its original bell, from the 1841 church, cracked the previous year. The entire building and landscaping project was completed in March 1977 and dedicated on May 26 of the same year by Bishop John Marshall.

The pipe organ located behind the altar was built by Casavant Frères of Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec in 1980. It features two manuals, three divisions, 16 stops, 16 registers, 20 ranks, and 1,000 pipes. Its manual compass is 56 notes and its pedal compass is 32 notes. The organ has an attached keydesk. It was first used during a recital by Jane Bergeron on August 27, 1980.

Parish decline and closure

Urban renewal affected the parish as the neighborhoods that once surrounded and supported it were removed. In 1999, Saint Joseph Church in Burlington was named the co-cathedral for the diocese. Because of low attendance and finances, the process for merging the two Burlington Catholic cathedrals began in 2017. The number of parishioners at Immaculate Conception had declined to fewer than 100. Sunday Masses were celebrated at St. Joseph, while Immaculate Conception had a weekday Mass at Noon and a monthly Mass in Vietnamese. Parishioners could have requested to have their baptisms, weddings, and funerals held there as well. The title to the Immaculate Conception property transferred to St. Joseph Parish. In April 2018 Immaculate Conception lost its cathedral status, and later in the year Bishop Christopher Coyne issued a decree relegating the building to secular use. On October 11, 2018, the Diocese of Burlington announced that it would sell the property. The last Mass was celebrated in the church on December 8, 2018. The diocese applied for a permit to demolish the church building in December 2021. The permit was issued in early 2023.

See also
List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States

References

External links

Diocese of Burlington Official Site

Immaculate Conception, Burlington
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington
Churches in Burlington, Vermont
Religious organizations established in 1830
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1977
1830 establishments in Vermont
Edward Larrabee Barnes buildings
Modernist architecture in Vermont
Religious buildings and structures in the United States destroyed by arson
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Church fires in the United States


Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation, 362 U.S. 99 (1960), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court that determined that the Federal Power Commission was authorized to take lands owned by the Tuscarora Indian tribe by eminent domain under the Federal Power Act for a hydroelectric power project, upon payment of just compensation.

Background

In 1950 the United States and Canada entered into treaty in respect to the Niagara Falls in order to properly split the use of an obviously huge natural resource. When approving the treaty, the Senate entered into force a provision that stated that no development of the areas was to occur without an Act of Congress. Because of this the Army Corps of Engineers reported to the Congress about the most feasible plans to use all of the waters afforded to it by the 1950 treaty. Also other studies were submitted to the Congress by the Federal Power Commission and Power Authority of New York.

The treaty limited the use of water during the nights and weekends. In order to overcome these times where water would not be as readily available all the plans submitted called for a reservoir to be built that could feed the power plant during these off times. However squabbling in Congress on whether the development should be public or private had delayed plans for several years. But on June 7, 1956, a rock slide destroyed the Schoellkopf Power Station, creating a critical shortage of power in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Faced with this crisis Congress authorized the FPC to issue the Power Authority of New York a license to implement a plan that would utilize all available power that the 1950 treaty afforded the United States.

In light of its new authority via an Act of Congress the Power Authority began its hearing process and notified all interested parties, including the Tuscarora Indian Nation. In the hearing the Tuscarora objected to the Power Authority's plan and stated that "the applicant lacks the authority to acquire them." During the hearings it was stated that Power Authority would need about  of land from a roughly  parcel of land. The land in question was not part of the actual reservation as mandated by treaty, but purchased by the Tuscarora with assistance from the Secretary of War. After the hearings the FPC issued the license and found that the land in question was almost completely undeveloped. On May 5, 1958, the FPC issued its order approving the licensee's revised exhibit, which precisely delineated the location, area, and acreage to be embraced by the reservoir, which included  of the Tuscaroras' lands. On May 16, 1958, the Tuscarora filed a petition at the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.

District Court
The Tuscarora Indian Nation contended that seizure of their lands was a violation under the Federal Power Act. Section 4 of the act declared that reservation land may not be acquired when it would "interfere or be inconsistent with the purpose for which such reservation was created or acquired." The Court of Appeals found that the land in question was indeed part of the Indian Reservation and could not be used and remanded the FPC. The Federal Power Act defined reservations as: "national forests, tribal lands embraced within Indian reservations, military reservations, and other lands and interests in lands owned by the United States, and withdrawn, reserved, or withheld from private appropriation and disposal under the public land laws; also lands and interests in lands acquired and held for any public purpose; but shall not include national monuments or national parks."

Upon this decision the Commission held more hearings, studying both the court's decision and exploring other locations for the reservoir. However the Commission found that other sites would cause significant delay to the project, cause unwanted community disruption, unreasonable expense and would reduce the capacity of the reservoir. This would lead to a violation of Public Law 85-159, which mandated that the commission use all of the possible energy that could be extracted from the falls. The Commission then appealed to the Supreme Court.

Opinion

Majority
Justice Whittaker wrote the opinion for the Court. The question as presented by Whittaker was "... may [the land] be taken for the storage reservoir of a hydroelectric power project, upon the payment of just compensation ...". The court did not argue whether the land was part of the Tuscarora Reservation but whether it was a reservation as defined in the Federal Power Act.

The court found that for the purposes of the law, a reservation was any land owned by the Federal Government of the United States. This would thus exclude Indian Reservations from its definition.

Dissent
Justice Black wrote a dissent. He argued that the definition of reservation was trivial and should not have been analyzed by the court. In his dissent Black wrote of a string of injustices by the United States Government and violations of treaties. He added that this ruling was another broken promise. He finished with:

Great nations, like great men, should keep their word.

Interpretation of the Nonintercourse Act

Although the Court found that the Nonintercourse Act did not bar condemnation under the Federal Power Act, it laid down an expansive interpretation of the Act:

As to the Tuscaroras' contention that [25 U.S.C. § 177] prohibits the taking of any of their lands for the reservoir 'without the express and specific consent of Congress,' one thing is certain. It is certain that if s 177 is applicable to alienations effected by condemnation proceedings under s 21 of the Federal Power Act, the mere 'expressed consent' of Congress would be vain and idle. For s 177 at the very least contemplates the assent of the Indian nation or tribe. And inasmuch as the Tuscarora Indian Nation withholds such consent and refuses to convey to the licensee any of its lands, it follows that the mere consent of Congress, however express and specific, would avail nothing. Therefore, if s 177 is applicable to alienations effected by condemnation under s 21 of the Federal Power Act, the result would be that the Tuscarora lands, however imperative for the project, could not be taken at all.But s 177 is not applicable to the sovereign United States ...

George C. Shattuck, who successfully litigated the Oneida I (1974) decision more than a decade later cited Tuscarora as the "key that helped me see the legal issues in the correct perspective." In his report to his firm, persuading them to take the case on a contingency fee basis, Shattuck repeated several arguments against Indian land claims and concluded:  "Before the Tuscarora case we might have backed away for one or more of the above reasons." Shattuck notes that, "[i]ronically, the state's brief in the Tuscarora case ... gave me my first real understanding of how the Nonintercourse Act worked and how it might be used to press the Oneida claim." Explaining the Oneida I holding, Shattuck states that "[t]he prophesy of the 1960 Tuscarora case became reality in 1974."

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 362

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States energy case law
v. Tuscarora
1960 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
Aboriginal title case law in the United States
Aboriginal title in New York
Tuscarora


Langenhain is a village and a district in the town of Hofheim, Hesse, near Frankfurt, Germany. The village was incorporated into Hofheim in 1972, and it is in the north part of the city. The district currently has a population of around 4,000.

Roman settlers first left behind a series of graves near 500 BC, and the first historical references to the town were in 1309.  Historical landmarks in the town include the Protestant church built in 1748, as well as some half-timbered houses.  The newest and most prominent landmark in the district is the Baha'i House of Worship that was finished in 1964.

References

Villages in Hesse


Ouvrage Monte Grosso is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage consists of one entry block, four artillery blocks and two observation blocks facing Italy.  It was the largest ouvrage in the Alps It is part of the fortifications surrounding Sospel, which protect the approaches to Nice from the north.

Description
Monte Grosso, like L'Agaisen to the southeast, features gun turrets on a commanding height, at 967 meters. Monte Grosso possesses two turrets, one of 75mm and a unique 135mm turret, both retractable.  Monte Grosso was built between November 1931 and June 1935, by a contractor named Borie. The cost was 40.4 million francs, of which 4.6 million francs were for the access road.
Block 1 (entry): one machine gun cloche, one grenade launcher cloche and three machine gun embrasures.
Block 2 (artillery): one machine gun cloche, one twin machine gun embrasure, two 75mm/29cal gun embrasures and two machine gun embrasures.
Block 3 (mortar): one machine gun cloche and four 81mm mortar embrasures.
Block 4 (artillery): one machine gun cloche and one twin 75mm/33cal gun turret.
Block 5 (artillery): one grenade launcher cloche and one twin 135mm howitzer turret.
Block 6 (infantry): one observation cloche, one machine gun cloche and two twin machine gun embrasures.
Block 7 (infantry): one observation cloche, one machine gun cloche and  twin machine gun embrasure.

An additional block near the entrance with a GFM cloche and two 75mm mortars was never built. The galleries extend along the length of the Monte Grosso ridge.

History
On 15 June 1940, as Italian troops advanced into France, Monte Grosso fired on Italian mortar positions.  On the 20th, it received fire from Italian 149mm guns, with a hit on its 75mm turret.  The gun remained in operation

See also
 List of Alpine Line ouvrages

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Monte Grosso (gros ouvrage) at fortiff.be
 Infos, localisation on map , documents and pictures about Monte Grosso  at wikimaginot.eu

MOGR
Maginot Line
Alpine Line


is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by  Miyabi Fujieda. The manga was serialized between the first and last issues of the now-defunct Dengeki Teioh, a special edition version of Dengeki Daioh, from April 26, 2004 until November 26, 2006, and was published by MediaWorks. The series contains twelve chapters released in two bound volumes originally published under MediaWorks Dengeki Comics EX label. The manga has been licensed for English language distribution by Infinity Studios. The first volume in English was published on June 15, 2007, but the series was canceled before volume two was released.

Plot
The series is about Iono, the queen of a small European kingdom with a fetish for black-haired women, who comes to Japan to recruit , which can mean both "lady-in-waiting" and "concubine" in Japanese.

References

External links
Iono-sama Fanatics at Infinity Studios
Iono-sama Fanatics at Miyabi Fujieda's personal website

2004 manga
ASCII Media Works manga
Dengeki Comics
Romantic comedy anime and manga
Seinen manga
Yuri harem anime and manga


Skizoo was a Spanish alternative metal band from Madrid formed in 2005.

History
Sôber split in 2005, and Carlos Escobedo and Alberto Madrid formed Savia and Antonio Bernardini and Jorge Escobedo formed Skizoo. Drummer Daniel Perez, bassist Daniel Criado and singer Morti recorded their debut eponymous album, released in May 2005. Daniel Criado left the group and joined Edu Fernandez, who is also responsible for the choirs on live performances. They recorded a second album, Incerteza, launched on February 19, 2007.

Band members

Final lineup
 Morti - vocals
 Jorge Escobedo - guitars
 Antonio Bernardini - guitars
 Dani Pérez -  drums
 Edu Fernandez -  bass (2005–2010)

Past members
 Daniel Criado - bass (2005)

Discography
Studio albums
 Skizoo (2005)
 2007: "Incerteza (2007)
 3 (2008)
 La Cara Oculta (2008)

External links
 MySpace page

Spanish heavy metal musical groups
Spanish rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2005


Warren Harper ( 1932 – July 24, 1997) was an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Texas Western College—now the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)—from 1963 to 1964, compiling a record of 3–15–2.

Harper graduated from O'Keefe High School in Atlanta, Georgia before moving on to play at Copiah Lincoln Community College. From there, Harper transferred to Austin College where he was chosen to the All-Texas Conference team in 1953 as a quarterback.

Upon graduation, Harper served as an assistant coach for several Texas high schools. He started at Victoria High School, moved to Orange High School, then to Sherman High School, and finally Amarillo High School. In 1961, he was hired back at Sherman as the head coach at a yearly salary of $7,038. The team posted a 7-2-1 record despite being picked to finish dead last in the district. Shortly after the season, Sherman quit to become an assistant at Texas Western.

After one season as the top assistant, Harper was named head coach after Bum Phillips resigned. Harper was never able to achieve much success and after a winless 2nd second season, announced his resignation shortly before the team's final game. He had wanted to announce it after the season, but the information leaked to the press so he informed his team during the pre-game meeting.

Harper was then hired back at Amarillo High School, this time as the head coach with a salary of $9200. In 1967, Harper was named Coach of the Year after his team posted a 10-0 regular season record before losing in the playoffs. In three season at Amarillo, he posted a record of 24-6-1.

He was an assistant at the University of Oklahoma from 1968 to 1982, where he coached linebackers such as Rod Shoate, George Cumby, and Daryl Hunt.

Head coaching record

College

References

1932 births
1997 deaths
Oklahoma Sooners football coaches
Seattle Seahawks scouts
UTEP Miners football coaches
High school football coaches in Texas


Events from the year 1390 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Lord: Richard II

Events
The town of Ballinrobe in County Mayo is founded.
1390 or 1391 – the Book of Ballymote is written.

Births

Deaths


Lac de Louvie is a lake above Fionnay in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.

The Lac de Louvie is paradise for all nature lovers such as trail runners and hikers. It is situated at  above sea level and is a 2 hour walk from Fionnay.

See also
List of mountain lakes of Switzerland

References

External links

Louvie


Ouvrage Champ de Tir, also known as Champ de Tir de l'Agaisen (Agaisen firing range) is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line.  It is located at an altitude of , less than 1 kilometer to the northwest of Ouvrage l'Agaisen. The ouvrage consists of two entry blocks and one infantry block, sited to control the valley of the Nieya and to observe for l'Agaisen.

Description
Block 1 (entry): one machine gun embrasure.
Block 2 (infantry): one machine gun embrasure.
Block 3 (infantry): one Machine gun cloche and one twin machine gun embrasure.

The ouvrage is closed to the public.

See also
 List of Alpine Line ouvrages

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Agaisen (petit ouvrage du champ de tir) at fortiff.be

CHAM
Maginot Line
Alpine Line


Dario Barbosa (21 July 1882 – 25 September 1965) was a Brazilian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920, he won the bronze medal with the Brazilian team in the team 50 metre free pistol competition.

In the 1920 Summer Olympics, he also participated in the following events:

 Team 30 metre military pistol - fourth place
 50 metre free pistol - place unknown

References

External links
Dario Barbosa at databaseOlympics.com

1882 births
1965 deaths
Brazilian male sport shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Olympic shooters for Brazil
Shooters at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Porto Alegre
19th-century Brazilian people
20th-century Brazilian people


HMS Cumberland was a three-decker 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Bursledon on 12 November 1695.

Cumberland was captured by the French in the Battle at the Lizard in 1707. She served in the French navy under her old name, and in 1715 was sold to Genoa. The Genoese sold her to Spain in 1717 and she was renamed Principe de Asturias. She was recaptured by the British at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718, but did not return to service, and was instead sold to Austria in 1720. She was based at Naples and was renamed San Carlos. She served until being broken up in 1733, having by then served under five flags.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships
Captured ships
Ships built on the River Hamble


Kevin Michael Walker (born September 20, 1976) is an American professional baseball coach and former relief pitcher. He is currently the bullpen coach for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the San Diego Padres, San Francisco Giants, and Chicago White Sox. The native of Irving, Texas, was listed as  tall and  during his pitching career; he threw and batted left-handed.

Playing career
Walker attended Grand Prairie High School in Texas. He was drafted by the San Diego Padres in the sixth round of the 1995 MLB draft and made his major league debut on April 14, 2000. On March 31, 2004, Walker was claimed off waivers by the San Francisco Giants. He became a free agent after the season and signed with the Chicago White Sox on November 23, 2004. The White Sox were the final team he appeared in MLB games with.

Walker became a free agent again after the 2005 season and signed with the Texas Rangers on November 6, 2005. He became a free agent after the 2006 season and signed with the Houston Astros for 2007. A free agent yet again after the 2007 season, Walker signed with the Camden Riversharks of the independent Atlantic League on April 7, 2008, his 14th and last year as an active player.

Walker appeared in 122 MLB games during a total of six seasons with a 7–3 record and 4.76 earned run average (ERA). In 102 innings pitched, he gave up 84 hits and 63 bases on balls, with 95 strikeouts.

Post-playing career
After the 2008 season, Walker became a pitching coach in the farm system for the Boston Red Sox. He served with the Lowell Spinners (2009) Greenville Drive (2010), Salem Red Sox (2011–2014), Portland Sea Dogs (2015–2017) and Pawtucket Red Sox (2018–2019). On October 31, 2019, Walker was promoted to assistant pitching coach for the major league Red Sox. On November 20, 2020, he was promoted to bullpen coach.

Personal life
Walker and his family reside in Holtville, California.

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Algodoneros de Guasave players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Arizona League Padres players
Baseball coaches from Texas
Baseball players from Texas
Boston Red Sox coaches
Camden Riversharks players
Charlotte Knights players
Chicago White Sox players
Clinton LumberKings players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Idaho Falls Braves players
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Minor league baseball coaches
Mobile BayBears players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
People from Irving, Texas
Portland Beavers players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
San Francisco Giants players
San Diego Padres players


Brian Ray Douglas Smith (born July 7, 1934) is a Canadian politician and business executive. He served for a decade on Oak Bay municipal council and was mayor of Oak Bay from 1974 to 1979. Smith was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 1979 election to represent the riding of Oak Bay-Gordon Head for the Social Credit Party. He was re-elected in the 1983 and 1986 election.

Life and career
In the Bill Bennett government, he served as Minister of Education and then Minister of Energy, Mines, and Petroleum Resources, and was appointed to the post of Attorney General on May 26, 1983.

In 1986, after Bennett's decision to step down, Smith was a candidate for the leadership of the Social Credit Party. In a field of twelve candidates, he finished second to Bill Vander Zalm, losing on the fourth ballot. When Vander Zalm appointed a new cabinet, Smith was retained as Attorney General.

On June 28, 1988, Smith resigned as Attorney General in dramatic fashion, during a speech to the Legislature. Smith charged that Vander Zalm did not adequately "appreciate the unique independence of the attorney general's ministry", citing the Toigo affair and abortion as instances of interference. He also disapproved of Vander Zalm's planned split of his ministry, believing it would weaken the ministry's independence and allow it to further fall under the control of the premier's office. Smith later told reporters that his resignation should not be seen as a challenge to Vander Zalm's leadership, and he remained a member of caucus. It was the first time an attorney general had resigned over differences from the premier since 1901, when Richard McBride resigned from James Dunsmuir's government; Smith made reference to McBride's resignation in his speech. When the ministry was indeed split a week later, creating the Ministry of Solicitor General, Smith further criticized the move as one that would slow decision-making and hamper the ability to fight crime.

On October 19, 1989, he announced that he was resigning his seat, effective November 15, 1989, and became chairman of CN Rail until 1994. He was the Chairman of BC Hydro from 1996 to 2001.

In 2016, Smith was appointed to the Order of BC as a "long-serving elected official who led social innovations in the arena of sports, education, law and business".

References

1934 births
Living people
Attorneys General of British Columbia
British Columbia municipal councillors
British Columbia Social Credit Party MLAs
Canadian National Railway executives
Canadian King's Counsel
Canadian corporate directors
Lawyers in British Columbia
Mayors of places in British Columbia
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
Members of the Order of British Columbia
Politicians from Victoria, British Columbia


Ouvrage L'Agaisen is a work (gros ouvrage) of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, also known as the Little Maginot Line.  The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two artillery blocks and one observation block above Sospel. Additional blocks were planned but not built. The ouvrage is located at an altitude of  on the Agaisen massif overlooking Sospel from the north. The position fired 1821 shots from Block 3's 75mm gun turret in 1940. It has an unusual 75mm gun turret in Block 3.

The ouvrage was built between 1930 and 1935, and was equipped from 1935 to 1937. L'Agaisen possesses an instruction casemate that was used to allow soldiers to practice attack and defense skills.

Description
Ouvrage l'Agaisen was built between November 1930 and December 1934, beginning with a contractor named Marting and completed by Roussel.  The construction cost was 24.6 million francs, of which 2.7 million francs were for the access road. The underground galleries run parallel with the ridge, the barracks under the summit. Block 4, an observation block, is at the extreme east end of the ridge.
Block 1 (entry): one machine gun cloche, one grenade launcher cloche and two machine gun embrasures.
Block 2 (artillery): one machine gun cloche, one grenade launcher cloche, one twin machine gun cloche, one twin machine gun embrasure, two 75mm/31cal gun embrasures and two 81mm mortar embrasures, firing to the southwest.
Block 3 (artillery): one machine gun cloche, one twin machine gun cloche, one twin 76mm/31cal retractable gun turret and one twin machine gun embrasure. The turret has a 360-degree field of fire from the summit.
Block 4 (observation): one observation cloche, two machine gun embrasures.

A fifth block with four 81mm mortars was never built. Three observation posts were associated with l'Agaisen, including the petit ouvrage Champ de Tir de l'Agaisen.

History
During the Italian invasion of France in June 1940 the 75mm turret fired more than 1800 shots in support of French forces. The heavy machine gun cloche in Block 2 fired on Italian forces in the area of the advanced post at Castes-Ruines. The ouvrage took fire from Italian 305mm artillery without significant damage. A crater caused by an Italian bomb existed until the 1990s.

Some of the fort's armament was removed under the terms of the 25 June 1940 armistice, but the ouvrage was maintained by French forces through the war, albeit in a militarily decommissioned capacity. l"Agaisen was occupied by German forces after their withdrawal from the war in 1943, remaining until the allied invasion of Southern France in 1944. The Germans fired on advancing American forces with the 75mm turret in October, abandoning the position on October 28, 1944, after sabotaging some of the equipment. The American 442nd Infantry Regiment, composed of mostly Japanese-American soldiers, occupied the site in November 1944. During fighting around Authion in April 1945 the 75mm turrets of l'Agaisen and Monte Grosso were used in support of American and French forces in the area. An abundance of French 75mm ammunition, incompatible with American 76mm guns, encouraged the reconditioning and used of the turret guns.

After the war l'Agaisen was reconditioned using equipment from Barbonnet and Castillon. Equipment was upgraded through the 1950s and new mortars were delivered in 1962. Through the 1980s the position was kept under care of the Army with a view to preservation. In 1992 the Groupe Technique Agaisen (GTA) was formed to collaborate on preservation and restoration. L'Agaisen was transferred to the ownership of the town of Sospel in 2007.

L'Agaisen may be visited during open days or by prior arrangement.

See also
 List of Alpine Line ouvrages

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 4 - La fortification alpine. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Mount Agaisen Fortress website in English
 Mont Agaisen website in French (with more detail)
 Ouvrage de l'Agaisen at Les Sentinelles des Alpes
 Agaisen (gros ouvrage) at fortiff.be

LAGA
Maginot Line
Alpine Line
World War II museums in France


Bearno's Pizza is a pizza franchise based in Louisville, Kentucky with about 14 locations in Kentucky and Indiana.

Overview
Bearno's Pizza was established in 1977 and is owned and operated by Bearno's Inc. A subsidiary, Bearno's International LLC, markets the chain to international franchisees. So far, Bearno's International has partnered with U.S. Hospitality International LLC to open two restaurants in Beijing. E. Joseph Steier, Bearno's chairman and CEO, hopes to expand to 40 more locations in China, and possibly Thailand and other Far East nations.

Bearno's Pizza serves Sicilian pizza and their original pizza commonly referred to as Louisville-style Pizza In addition to pizza, Bearno's is known for its stromboli steak sandwich. The company also purveys other food products.

Reception
Bearno's Pizza was listed in Pizza Today magazine's Hot 100 Companies list, published in June 1999.

See also

 List of pizza chains of the United States

References

External links
Bearno's Pizza website

Companies based in Louisville, Kentucky
Pizza chains of the United States
Regional restaurant chains in the United States
Restaurants in Kentucky
Restaurants in Louisville, Kentucky
Restaurants established in 1977
1977 establishments in Kentucky
American companies established in 1977
Privately held companies based in Kentucky


This is a list of area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the Canadian province of Quebec.

References

See also

 Telephone numbers in Canada
 Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium

Quebec
Area codes
Area codes


The politics of Hesse takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Hesse. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the two main parties are the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Governments

The governments and ministers-President (Ministerpräsidenten) of the People's State of Hesse during the time of the Weimar Republic were:
 1919–1928: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Carl Ulrich (SPD) as minister-president
 1928–1933: Center-right government, an SPD–DDP–Zentrum coalition led by Bernhard Adelung (SPD) as minister-president

The governments of the National Socialist era:
 1933: National Socialist government with Ferdinand Werner (NSDAP) and minister-president
 1933–1935: National Socialist government with Philipp Wilhelm Jung (NSDAP) as minister-president
 1935–1945: National Socialist government with Jakob Sprenger (NSDAP) as minister-president

The governments and minister-Presidents of Hesse since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany:
 1945: Military occupation provisional government led by Ludwig Bergsträsser(SPD), appointed by the U.S. Military
 1945–1946: Military occupation provisional government led by Karl Geiler (no party), appointed by the U.S. military
 1946–1950: Theoretically a CDU–SPD grand coalition with Christian Stock (SPD) as minister-president, though U.S. Military Occupation remained through 1949.
 1950–1969: First truly non-military government of the Federal Republic, led by Georg-August Zinn (SPD), whose SPD ruled in coalition with the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights, a party of expelled eastern Germans whose political goal was to retrieve their homelands (heimatlaender); and also with the League of Expellees' successors party the Gesamtdeutsche Partei.
 1969–1976: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP, with Albert Osswald (SPD) as minister-president
 1976–1982: Center-left government of the SPD-FDP continued with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
 1982–1984: Center-left government of the SPD (single party rule) with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
 1984–1987: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Holger Börner (SPD) as minister-president.
 1987–1991: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Walter Wallmann (CDU) as minister-president.
 1991–1999: Center-left government of the SPD–Greens with Hans Eichel (SPD) as minister-president.
 1999–2003: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
 2003–2009: Center-right government of the CDU (single party rule) with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
 2009–2010: Center-right government of the CDU-FDP with Roland Koch (CDU) as minister-president.
 2010–2014: Center-right government of the CDU–FDP with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
 2014–2019: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president.
 2019–2022: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Volker Bouffier (CDU) as minister-president. Bouffier resigned in 2022, thus prematurely ending his third term serving as minister-president.
 2022–present: Center-right government of the CDU–Greens with Boris Rhein (CDU) as minister-president.

Since 1950, the SPD has been in the Hesse government 45 years, the CDU for 28 years; the FDP acted as coalition partners with either CDU or SPD for 21 years (13 with SPD, 8 with CDU).

Elections

The Hesse state election of 2008 for the state government (Landtag of Hesse) saw CDU support collapse, and it was widely assumed that the CDU would not participate in the new government. While outgoing CDU minister-president Roland Koch did lose his majority, the opposing parties were unable to form a coalition. The Greens and FDP rejected jointly sharing power with the CDU or SPD. This meant that the SPD and Greens needed to reach out to the new far-left Left party bloc of Landtag members, something very unpopular with most SPD members.

After two unsuccessful attempts to form a coalition from SPD and Greens with support from The Left, all parties except the SPD agreed to dissolve the parliament and call for early elections in January 2009. These were held, and popular anger at the bungling of the SPD delivered enough seats to form a new CDU-FDP coalition.

See also
 History of Hesse
 Landtag of Hesse
 Rulers of Hesse – the hereditary rulers of the Grand Duchy of Hesse prior to 1919

References


Oblimersen (INN, trade name Genasense; also known as Augmerosen and bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide G3139) is an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide being studied as a possible treatment for several types of cancer, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and breast cancer. It may kill cancer cells by blocking the production of Bcl-2—a protein that makes cancer cells live longer—and by making them more sensitive to chemotherapy.

History
The antisense oligonucleotide drug oblimersen was developed by Genta Incorporated to target Bcl-2. An antisense DNA or RNA strand is non-coding and complementary to the coding strand (which is the template for producing respectively RNA or protein). An antisense drug is a short sequence of RNA which hybridises with and inactivates mRNA, preventing the protein from being formed.

It was shown that the proliferation of human lymphoma cells (with t(14;18) translocation) could be inhibited by antisense RNA targeted at the start codon region of Bcl-2 mRNA. In vitro studies led to the identification of oblimersen, which is complementary to the first 6 codons of Bcl-2 mRNA.

These have shown successful results in Phase I/II trials for lymphoma, and a large Phase III trial was launched in 2004.

By the first quarter 2010, the drug had not received FDA approval due to disappointing results in a melanoma trial. Although its safety and efficacy have not been established for any use, Genta Incorporated still claims on its website that studies are currently under way to examine the potential role of oblimersen in a variety of clinical indications.

References

External links
 Augmerosen entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

Experimental cancer drugs
Antisense RNA
Therapeutic gene modulation


Gilbert Elliott (December 10, 1843 – May 9, 1895) was builder of the ironclad ram CSS Albemarle.

Family
Elliott's parents were Gilbert Elliott (May 20, 1813 – May 20, 1851) and Sarah Ann Grice (June 1, 1819 – April 22, 1891), granddaughter of shipbuilder Charles Grice and Mary Grandy.
He was born at "Milford" estate in Camden County, North Carolina.
After his mother became a widow she moved to Oxford, North Carolina, and became the author of a cookbook, "Mrs. Elliott's Housewife", published in New York in 1870.

Education
Elliott was educated in the local schools of Elizabeth City, North Carolina.  He was a law clerk by 1860.

Military career
He probably enlisted in the Confederate Army on May 16, 1862 at Camp Mangum in North Carolina, the next day he was appointed First Lieutenant and given duty of Regimental Adjutant.

CSS Albemarle
Construction of the Confederate ironclad CSS Albemarle began in 1862 in a former cornfield in Halifax County, North Carolina.

References
Elliott, Robert G., Ironclad of the Roanoke, White Mane Publishing, 1994,

1843 births
1895 deaths
People of North Carolina in the American Civil War
Confederate States Army officers
American shipbuilders
People from Camden County, North Carolina


Justus Pfaue (25 September 1942 – 8 March 2014) was a German author and screenwriter.

Biography
Pfaue was born in Ballenstedt as Norbert Sellmann.  He studied law and forensic psychology. In 1965, he published his first novel, and later specialized in books on youth. He lived in Munich and Positano.

Works

Novels
 1985: Bas-Boris Bode
 1986: Devil's grandmother, or the heaven on earth
 1987: Anna
 1988: Anna Ballerina
 1989: Bravo, Anna
 1989: Laura and Luis

Screenplays
 1979: Timm Thaler (TV series, based on the eponymous novel)
 1980: Merlin (TV series about Merlin)
 1981: Sternensommer (TV series)
 1981: Manni, der Libero (TV series)
 1981: Silas (TV series, based on a novel by Cecil Bødker)
 1982: Jack Holborn (TV series, based on a novel by Leon Garfield)
 1983: Mandara (TV series)
 1983: Nesthäkchen (TV series, besed on the novels by Else Ury)
 1984: Two Black Sheep (TV series)
 1984: Patrik Pacard (TV series)
 1985: Bas-Boris Bode (TV series)
 1985: Oliver Maass (TV series)
 1986: Teufels Großmutter (TV series)
 1986-1991: Die Wicherts von nebenan (TV series)
 1987: Anna (TV series)
 1988:  (film directed by , a follow-up to the TV series)
 1989: Laura und Luis (TV series)
 1993: Clara (TV miniseries)
 1994: Blankenese (TV series)
 2004:  (TV miniseries)
 2009: Hand in Hand (TV series)

Awards and honors
 2005 Golden Romy for Best Screenplay for The Cherry Queen

References

External links

1942 births
2014 deaths
German children's writers
German male writers
Male television writers
German television writers
German screenwriters
German male screenwriters
People from Ballenstedt
Mass media people from Saxony-Anhalt


Jåttåvågen Station () is a railway station located in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The station is located at Jåtten in the city of Stavanger, about  from the main Stavanger Station. It is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail operated by Go-Ahead Norge by up to four hourly trains in each direction. The station is located along the double track section of the Sørland Line, and was opened on 8 January 2009, replacing Jåttå Station. The station is within a minute's walk of Viking Stadion and Jåttå Upper Secondary School. The station is co-located with a Kolumbus bus stop, allowing transfers to and from Line 11.

Facilities
The station is  from Oslo Central Station and  from Stavanger Station. Jåttåvågen Station is universally accessible, unstaffed and equipped with ticket machines. The station has a kiss and ride stop. Viking Stadion, the home ground of Eliteserien side Viking FK, is located one minute's walk from the station. The same is the case for Jåttå Upper Secondary School. The area around the station is being redeveloped in a project called Hinna Park. Aker Solutions is in the process of building a new office building near the station to locate all its Greater Stavanger employees.

Service

The station is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail, operated by Go-Ahead. During regular operating hours on weekday, Go-Ahead operates four trains in each direction each hour. All northbound trains run to Stavanger Station, where they terminate. All four southbound trains operate to at least Sandnes Station, and two more continue to Nærbø Station and one runs to Egersund Station. Travel time to Stavanger is 8 minutes, to Sandnes Sentrum is 8 minutes, to Nærbø is 39 minutes and to Egersund is 57 minutes. NSB operates the line using Class 72 electric multiple units. Transfer to city bus is available  away, which serves Kolumbus' Line 11.

History
The line past Jåttåvågen was built as part of the Jæren Line and opened in 1878. In 2004, after Viking Stadion was completed, Jåttå Station was built. However, it was only served by commuter trains in conjunction with football matches and concerts at the stadium. In 2006 the Norwegian National Rail Administration started rebuilding the track between Stavanger and Sandnes to double track. As part of that, Jåttå was closed and replaced by Jåttåvågen. Construction of the station took a year. In June 2007, the old track past the station was demolished and until November work was done on the western part of the station and the western part of the bridge. From 26 to 28 May 2008, the line past the station was closed while a new bridge was placed over Jåttåvågveien. Originally, the Jåttåvågen Station was intended to be taken into use when the double track from Stavanger to Sandnes opened in late 2009. However, in 2007 the city, Rogaland County Municipality and the National Rail Administration agreed to split the cost of finishing the station in advance, allowing it to open on 6 January 2008. From April to November 2009, the section from Ganddal to Stavanger was closed while the last part of the upgrade was completed. The double track was opened on 16 November 2009 and from 14 December, the 15-minute headway was introduced between Stavanger and Sandnes.

References

Railway stations on the Sørlandet Line
Railway stations in Stavanger
Railway stations opened in 2008
2008 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1870s
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 2000s


Sery () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Čitluk (, pronunciation: Chitluk) is a settlement in Serbia, it's a suburb of the city of Kruševac.

History
Čitluk was founded in the 18th century by immigrants from cities in southern Serbia such as Vranje and Leskovac. In 2002 it had around 3154 inhabitants in 873 households. It got its name after the Turkish word "chiftluk" which means an inheritable spachian (Turkish landowner) settlement. There are several other settlements in Serbia, as well as Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina that bear this name.

Geography

The settlement is situated  west of Kruševac. The river Pepeljuša flows into the Zapadna Morava (West Morava) near here, which is the source of fertile arable soil, used for agricultural production.

Culture and education

The settlement's patron saint is Saint George, after whom the church in the settlement is named. It was built in the late 20th century. There is also a spring of mineral water, decorated into a recreation resort, with a football playground for local trainings and tournaments. The settlement has an elementary (grammar) school - "Sveti Sava" (Saint Sava) where the children from Čitluk go, and are joined by children from surrounding smaller villages such as Koševi, Vučak, Mačkovac and some from Pepeljevac. The best known cultural manifestation is the "Dani konopljare" (Days of the Hemp Field) held on the holiday of Sveta Trojica (The Holy Trinity), which happens fifty days after the Orthodox Easter.

Populated places in Rasina District
Kruševac


Eriogonum reniforme is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name kidney-leaf buckwheat. It is native to the desert southwest of the United States in California, Arizona, and Nevada, and its range may extend into Mexico.

Description
This is an annual herb ranging in maximum height from 5 to 40 centimeters. Its leaves are located at its base and are rounded to spade-shaped, not always kidney-shaped, and are woolly and one or two centimeters long.

The naked reddish inflorescence is dotted with whitish glands. It bears small clusters of flowers which are yellow at first and then become red. They have tepals of different shapes, with the inner ones somewhat elongated.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum reniforme
Eriogonum reniforme - Photo gallery

reniforme
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Nevada
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


HMS Ranelagh was a three-decker 80-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Deptford Dockyard on 25 June 1697. She took part in a number of actions during the War of the Spanish Succession, including the Battle of Vigo in 1702 and the Battle of Vélez-Málaga in 1704.

On 20 August 1723 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt according to the 1719 Establishment at Woolwich. She was renamed HMS Princess Caroline in 1728 (while rebuilding). She was relaunched on 15 March 1731.

Princess Caroline was Admiral Edward Vernon's flagship at the Battle of Cartagena de Indias during his second Spanish Caribbean campaign, in the War of Jenkins' Ear.  George Washington's half-brother, Lawrence Washington, served on Princess Caroline as a captain of the Marines in 1741, and named his estate Mount Vernon in honour of his commander.

The Princess Caroline continued in service until 1764, when she was broken up.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


A paint sealant is a sealant that protects cars from ultraviolet rays and acid rain. Paint sealants protect cars' finishes, and can make cars shiny. There are synthetic sealants and carnauba waxes.

Salt may be a factor that many protective sealants do not defend against, and thus salt water may break down protective layers to get at the metal and corrode it.

Paint sealant works by filling into the pores and irregular surface of the body thereby creating a smooth finish on top. The way it helps is it denies a sticking surface to foreign substance and they come off the car easily without further damaging the car surface

Coatings


Page 44 were an English indie rock band formed in Birmingham, England, in 2004.

History
The band has played on national TV, namely Channel 4's Popworld, where they were interviewed by Alex Zane as well as performing live to over half a million viewers. They made their appearance on the show because the show's viewers voted their song "The Grey Room" as their favorite at the time. They have opened for bands such as Boy Kill Boy, Captain Phoenix, The Standards, & The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus.  BBC said the band might become "tomorrow's superstars".

In 2006, they came in 2nd out of 1,000 bands in the national Emergenza live band competition. In 2007, the band was crowned the best unsigned band in the Midlands. The band won the title of Carling Supports Champions for Birmingham again in October 2007. In 2006, they were crowned Champions of the Midlands Emergenza Live Band competition and went on to finish second in the Emergenza UK National Final. The competition, which was judged by Sony, Universal, Interscope, and NME, took place in London.

Many fans discovered Page 44 after downloading the song "We Know The Way", (improperly credited to +44 on P2P networks such as Kazaa and Limewire.)

When asked about what genre Page 44 falls into, Adam Stanford has said the band's music spans over many genres, from alternative rock to indie, and has described their overall sound as "energetic rock". Page 44 falls into many other subgenres, such as Powerpop.

The current lineup includes Adam Stanford on Guitar and Vocals, Adam "Viggy" Vygus on lead Vocals and Guitar,  Zach Phelps on Bass and backup vocals, & Jay Brown on drums.

The original bassist Paul Bugden left in early 2007, and was replaced by Samuel Wilson. The original drummer, Elliot Vaughan had a falling out with the band and left in 2007. Shortly after, he was replaced by Laurent "Lozz" Gillgrass, who left the band in early 2008, and was replaced by Mark Rabone. In 2009, bassist and backing vocalist Samuel Wilson left the band to attend college, and was replaced by Zach Phelps. Drummer Mark Robone left in 2010 and was replaced by Jay Brown.

Recent news
Their single, "With or Without Your Help", was produced by Joe Gibb (who has produced albums for Funeral for a Friend, Million Dead & Brigade), is available for download on iTunes. Three new songs, from the Mini-EP Crash Factory Sessions, were put up on the band's Myspace in late April 2008. The songs include "No Truth at All", "To Make You Proud", and a re-recording of "Watch Me Fade". On 13 June 2008 they headlined at the Carling Academy in Burmingham. The band's newest single "Answers" came out on 27 July 2009, released digitally on iTunes and other online mediums.

In 2011, Page 44 won the Red Bull Band Jam, winning a chance to tour with The Blackout and We Are The Ocean, as well as earning time in the Red Bull recording studio.

As a result of this, Page 44 also had their EP Leave The Last Man Behind, produced by Red Bull Studios in London, released for free courtesy of Rock Sound Magazine in December 2011.

Page 44 began recording their debut album, All That Changes, Stays the Same in January 2013. The album was crowdfunded through PledgeMusic and is released on 25 March 2013. The band toured areas of England in support of the album in early 2013. They also played on the UK leg of Vans Warped Tour in November 2013.

Discography
Studio albums

All That Changes, Stays the Same (2013)

Extended Plays

With or Without Your Help (2007)

Crash Factory Sessions (2008)
Answers (2009)

Demo releases

A Slice of Fried Gold (2004)

The Grey Room (2005)

References

External links
A review of Page 44's "the Grey Room"
Page 44
Page 44 on Last.FM
Page 44 on Lets Sing It!

Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands
English indie rock groups
English pop rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2004


Sebastião Wolf (5 February 1869 – 15 March 1936) was a Brazilian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the bronze medal with the Brazilian team in the team 50 metre free pistol competition.

In the 1920 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events:

 Team 30 metre military pistol - fourth place
 50 metre free pistol - place unknown

References

External links
Sebastião Wolf at databaseOlympics.com

1869 births
1936 deaths
Brazilian male sport shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Olympic shooters for Brazil
Shooters at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Brazilian people of German descent
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
19th-century Brazilian people
20th-century Brazilian people
Emigrants from the German Empire
Immigrants to Brazil


Jianyang () is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengdu, in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. Situated only 48 kilometers south east of the city center (urban districts) of Chengdu, Jianyang is administratively under the jurisdiction of Chengdu, changed from being a prefecture-level city of Ziyang since May 2016. The preparation work for changing it to "Jianyang District" is already started as of August 2019. The urban center is located on the banks of the Tuo River.

History
Jianyang has a recorded history dating back over two thousand years. It was part of the state of Shu until the third century BC and was incorporated into the Qin Empire following the unification of China under Qin Shihuang.

In the early Mongolian Yuan dynasty, it was named Jianzhou (简州). It adopted the name Jianyang County after 1913 during the Republic of China. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, it was incorporated into the Neijiang Administration Zone. It was divided into communes during the Cultural Revolution. When the communes were abolished, it was re-organized under Chengdu. In 1994, the county was converted into a county-level city. In 2007, the county was given broad autonomy over its budgeting and financial affairs by the State Council as part of a wider experiment. In 2016, the State Council transferred jurisdiction of Jianyang from Ziyang to Chengdu, ostensibly to increase urban integration with the provincial capital.

Administration
Jianyang was administered by the prefecture-level city of Ziyang up until 2016 when it was transferred to Chengdu prefecture due to Jianyang's economic integration as a part of the greater Chengdu metropolitan area. Jianyang is home to commuters who work in Chengdu.

Administratively, Jianyang is subdivided into four subdistricts (), 25 towns, 29 townships, and over 800 villages or equivalents.

In practice, many "villages" are basically urban areas with high-rise residential properties built after 2000.

Demographics
As of 2012, there are just over 1.48 million residents estimated to be living in Jianyang. Of these, the vast majority (some 1.21 million) are rural residents. The natural population growth rate without taking into account net migration figures is 1.19% as of 2012. Over 99% of the population is of Han ethnicity. There are small Yi, Tujia, and Tibetan populations, each numbering no more than a few hundred.

Climate

Transportation
Development of local transport advanced rapidly between 1990 and 2010. Jianyang is served by numerous local freeways, including an expressway that connects it to Chengdu, the Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway, and the Second Ring Expressway of Chengdu, in addition to China National Highways 318, 319, and 321.

Jianyang Railway Station serves the city. Jianyang South Railway Station is a high-speed rail station on the Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway.

As of 2016, the Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, intended to be a new hub servicing southwestern China, is under construction in the Jianyang area.

Economy
The local economy is mainly dependent on agriculture and the production of machinery. There are factories in the region producing metal tools, tractors, and knives. Ruonan Foods headquarters is located in Jianyang. As of 2013 recorded a GDP of 34.48 billion yuan.

The Sichuan Provincial Women's Prison is located in the town of Yangma (), in Jianyang city limits.

Haidilao hot pot restaurant chain was founded in Jianyang but the headquarters has since moved to Beijing.

References

County-level cities in Sichuan
Geography of Chengdu


Thomas Lionel Hill Jr. (born August 31, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player.

A 6'5" shooting guard, Hill played at Duke University from 1989 to 1993, winning two NCAA Championships (1991 and 1992). His teammates at Duke included Grant Hill (no relation), Christian Laettner, and Bobby Hurley. Thomas Hill received Third Team All-ACC honors in 1991,1992, 1993 and was a team captain during his senior season.

He played in 141 career games for Duke, 6th on their all-time list as of March 28, 2010; directly behind Jon Scheyer, and tied with Brian Davis.

After graduating, Hill was drafted by the Indiana Pacers in the 2nd round (#39 pick overall) of the 1993 NBA draft. Hill never played an NBA regular season game but he did play in preseason games where he scored a high of 14. He played in the Australian National Basketball League for one season (appearing in just nine games) for the Perth Wildcats.

Thomas Hill's father, Thomas Sr., won a bronze medal in the 110-meter hurdles at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Hill is perhaps best remembered for his emotional reaction after his Duke teammate Christian Laettner hit a last-second shot to defeat Kentucky in the elite eight of the 1992 NCAA Tournament. After Laettner hit the shot, a CBS camera panned to Hill who appeared to be crying of joy with his hands on top of his head.

After his basketball career Hill proceeded to coach for Avenues: The World School in New York City and currently is the head coach of varsity basketball and varsity tennis.  He later coached at Howard University.

In 2023, Hill was named the Director of Basketball and Head Coach at the St. Andrews Episcopal School in Austin, TX.

Notes

External links
Finnish League profile

1971 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Finland
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 1991 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Dallas County, Texas
Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players
Fargo-Moorhead Fever players
Fort Wayne Fury players
Indiana Pacers draft picks
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
People from Lancaster, Texas
Sportspeople from Ellis County, Texas
Perth Wildcats players
Shooting guards
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople


Richard Scott Smith (January 24, 1912 – April 5, 1980) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Boston Redskins, Chicago Bears, and the Philadelphia Eagles.  He played college football at Ohio State University.

1912 births
Sportspeople from East Chicago, Indiana
Players of American football from Indiana
American football offensive linemen
Boston Redskins players
Chicago Bears players
Philadelphia Eagles players
1980 deaths


North Community High School, or simply Minneapolis North, is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The school has existed for over 120 years in several buildings all located on the city's northside. Minneapolis North once had a predominantly Jewish student body but by 1982, the school and the neighborhood it is located in had become mostly African American. Desegregation efforts, such as magnet school programs, have attempted to attract students from throughout Minneapolis and nearby suburbs. KBEM-FM, established by Minneapolis Public Schools in 1970, is operated partially by North students and has been located at the school since 1985.

History
North has occupied four buildings. The first housed three grades when North opened in 1888. Three years later the first class graduated. The school outgrew the building and a new facility was built at a new site, opening in 1896. On June 18, 1913, a fire burned down most of the school. A new building was built over the destroyed structure and was completed in 1914. Additions were made in 1921, 1923, and 1939.

In 1963 it was determined that if the building was "to be retained as a secondary educational facility over a long period of time by the Minneapolis Public School system, it needs extensive rehabilitation and modernization to meet present day health, safety and educational adequacy.". Instead of improving the building, a new school was built on a new site and funded as part of a 1964 $18 million bond referendum that also funded improvements to other Minneapolis public schools. The new — and current — North opened in 1973. The building was described as "resembling a giant bunker with few windows, double doors that are often locked from outside during the day to keep out unwanted visitors and painted-over graffiti on outside walls."  Another description calls it a "series of brick boxes arranged around a courtyard" that "doesn't allow it to connect well with the community". North used to house adult education classes, a school for teenage mothers and a separate charter school, Dunwoody Academy.  All of these programs have relocated to other buildings.

As the North Side neighborhood has changed, so has North High. During the 1920s and 1930s, the North Side was the center of Minneapolis' Jewish population. In 1936, almost half of the students were Jewish.  The North Side has since transitioned into a  diverse working-class neighborhood. North at one time had high enrollment and was overcrowded with more than 2800 students attending in 1931. Now, students are able to choose which schools they attend, and as a result only about half of the North Side's students attend local schools such as North. The Minneapolis Public Schools Board of Education's decision to close several North Side middle and elementary schools in the early 2000's led to North's enrollment plummeting from 1,143 students in 2004–2005 to 265 students in 2010. On October 11, 2010, Minneapolis Public Schools Superintendent Bernadeia Johnson recommended to the Board of Education the phasing out of North High Community High School beginning in the 2011–2012 school year. However, this decision resulted in backlash from the North Minneapolis community. It was decided that North Community High School would remain open, but change its curriculum standards to focus more on arts and communications. It is now called North Academy of Arts and Communications (NAAC).

Since the 1970s, the school has been known for its strong boys and girls basketball programs. Both teams have enjoyed numerous state tournament appearances and won state championship titles. North offers several college preparatory classes, and owns and operates KBEM-FM. The school has often struggled with graduation rate and state standardized tests.

Students and demographics
964 students attended North during the 2006-2007 school year.  Minority enrollment rose to over 60% in 1991. In 2010,, 3% of students were white, with 69% black. 82% qualified for free or reduced price lunch (an indicator of poverty), 16% had limited English proficiency, and 22% qualified for special education.

Academics
During the 20122013 school year and with its inaugural class of freshman, North Academy of Arts and Communication (NAAC), began as a small college preparatory school.

North's framework is based on the Seven Guiding Principles of the Institute for Student Achievement (ISA):
 College Preparatory Instructional Program
 Dedicated Team of Teachers and Counselor
 Distributed Counseling
 Continuous Professional Development
 Extended School Day and School Year
 Family Involvement
 Continuous Organizational Improvement
The school has an Advanced Placement program that offers several different courses.

North is opened a second academy in the fall of 2016—N-STEM (North Academy of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math)—which is an iteration of the school's successful Summatech program that closed in 2007.

Local politicians criticized North's low academic results in the 2000s.

Radio station

North High School is home to KBEM-FM, a radio station owned by the Minneapolis Public Schools. The station signed on the air in October, 1970, and moved to North in 1983 when the Minneapolis Area Vocational Technical Institute, where the station had been located from its launch (as Vocational High School), closed and the building sold. Students are responsible for much of the station's operation, and 35 hours of airtime a week is devoted to student programming. Approximately 150 students are involved in the radio station's operation, with the majority attending North. Students typically enroll in the program as ninth-graders and are prepared for on-air duties by their junior or senior year.

The station broadcasts traffic reports for the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metro area with data provided by the Minnesota Department of Transportation. From 1989 to 2005, the station was paid approximately $400,000 by the DOT for this service. MnDOT had planned to cancel the contract, but due to public demand the state continued the relationship.

Extracurricular activities
North offers a variety of musical programs. A beginning band, concert band, Jazz ensemble and drum line are offered. Choir, varsity choir, vocal ensembles and a gospel choir are available. Other extracurricular activities include a variety of academic competitions, a chess club, culture-specific clubs including an award-winning Asian Club, debate and mock trial teams, a school newspaper and yearbook, science club and student government. North's Math team competes in the Minnesota State High School Mathematics League. The school has a chapter of National Honor Society.

Sports

North is a member of the Minnesota State High School League. North offers eleven boys' and twelve girls' varsity sports. These include football (boys), wrestling (boys), tennis (boys and girls), basketball (boys and girls), baseball (boys), softball (girls), golf (boys and girls), soccer (boys and girls), volleyball (girls), swimming (boys and girls), gymnastics (girls), badminton (girls), ice hockey (boys and girls), cross country (boys and girls) and track and field (boys and girls). North has Adapted Bowling. Both boys' and girls' teams are called "Polars". All of the sports teams participate, like all public high schools in Minneapolis, in the Minneapolis City Conference. North has won the state title in Boys' Track and Field in 1943 and 1948.

The boys' basketball team was dominant in the 1980s. Coached by Tony Queen, the team won eight of ten Minneapolis City Conference championships and went to the state tournament eight times, winning in 1980 and placing second in 1984 and 1985. In 1988 Queen was suspended from coaching for one year following attempts to recruit basketball players, which is illegal under Minnesota State High School League rules. He lost a battle to be rehired in U.S. District court. Queen was fired in 1990 for having sex with a student in the early 1980s. In the mid-1990s the boys' team had a dominating resurgence. Led by Khalid El-Amin, North tied a state record with three state championships in a row, from 1995 to 1997. The boys' teams have also won championships in 2003, 2016, and 2017.

The girls' team went to the state title game every year except for one from 1997 to 2005. They won in 1998, 1999, and had three straight wins in 2003, 2004 and 2005.

Notable alumni
The Andrews Sisters (1930s), singing group
Tom Barnard (1969), broadcaster
Billy Beal (1898), engineer and photographer
Bob Bjorklund, American football player
Ben Coleman (1970s), NBA player
W. Harry Davis (1942), civil rights activist, amateur boxing coach, civic leader and businessman
George C. Dahlvang (1935), Minnesota state representative
Farrell Dobbs (1925), Trotskyist and trade unionist
Khalid El-Amin (1997), NBA player
William Gallagher (1894), former U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 3rd congressional district
Sid Gillman (1930), professional football coach
Sid Hartman (1939), sports journalist and broadcaster
Tyler Johnson (2016), American football player
Terry Lewis, Morris Day and other members of Flyte Tyme/The Time, musicians
Stan Kowalski (born Bert Smith), professional wrestler
Peter Macon (1990s?), actor (The Orville)
Tamara Moore (1998), WNBA player
Gerald T. Mullin (1919), Minnesota state legislator, businessman, and lawyer
Floyd B. Olson (1909), 22nd Governor of Minnesota
Dave Peterson, teacher and coach of the United States men's national ice hockey team
Wayne Robinson (1948?) NFL football player Philadelphia Eagles (1952-1956) professional football coach (1957-1976)
Rafael Rodriguez (1964) professional welter weight boxer of Minnesota (1970's)  Inducted in Minnesota's boxing Hall Of Fame (2010)
Harrison Salisbury (1908), journalist
Irving S. Shapiro (1924?), former chairman and CEO of DuPont
Cyril A. Stebbins (1898), agricultural educator
Robert Vaughn (1950?), actor
Rohene Ward (2001) Olympic figure skating coach and choreographer. Former US figure skating competitor and Puerto Rico's 2004 champion
Roy Wier (1906?), former U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 3rd congressional district

In popular media
The four-part Showtime docuseries "Boys in Blue" that debuted in 2023 followed the challenges faced by the North football team in the aftermath of protests over the murder of George Floyd. The series included the fatal shooting of North student-athlete Deshaun Hill, Jr. in 2022.

References

External links

 North Community High School

High schools in Minneapolis
Educational institutions established in 1888
Minneapolis Public Schools
Public high schools in Minnesota
Charter schools in Minnesota
1888 establishments in Minnesota


Jianyang may refer to the following places in China:
 Jianyang, Sichuan (), county-level city under the administration of Chengdu, Sichuan
 Jianyang District (), Nanping, Fujian
 Jianyang, Jiangsu (), town in and subdivision of Jianhu County, Jiangsu


The Canadian province of Ontario has a significant number of ghost towns. These are most numerous in the Central Ontario and Northern Ontario regions, although a smaller number of ghost towns can be found throughout the province.

A
Altona
Auld Kirk Scotch Settlement
Aultsville

B
Balaclava, Grey County
Balaclava, Renfrew County (partial)
Ball's Falls
Ballycroy
Balvenie
Biscotasing (partial)
Blairton
Brent (partial)
Brudenell (revived)
Burchell Lake
Burwash
Byng Inlet (partial)

C
Cashmere, Southwest Middlesex, Middlesex County, Ontario
Cook Station, Haldimand County, Ontario
Cooper's Falls (partial)
Corbyville (partial)
Craigmont (partial)
Creighton Mine
Chippaweska
Cordova Mines (partial)

D
Dartmoor
Dawn Mills (revived)
Decker Hollow
Depot Harbour
Dickinson's Landing
Dome & Dome Extension
Donnybrook

E
Edenvale
Elmbank

F
Falkenburg
Farran's Point
Fleetwood
Foymount
Franz
French River

G
Garden Island
Glanmire
Goudreau
Grant

H
Happy Valley
Herron's Mills (revived)
High Falls
Horaceville
Horncastle

I
Indiana

J
Jackfish
Jerome Mine

K
Kennaway
Khartum
Khiva
Kiosk
Kormak (partial)

L
Leeblain
Lieury
Lemieux
Lost Channel
Letterkenny

M
Mafeking
Maguire
Malcolm
Maple Grove
Marlbank (partial)
Mayerville
Maynooth Station
McGaw
Metropolitan
Millbridge
Millbridge Station
Mille Roches
Milnet
Moiles Mills
Monsell
Moulinette
Mount Healey
Mount Horeb
Mulock
Murphy's Corners

N
Nakina
Napier (partial)
Nemegos
Newfoundout, Renfrew County
Nephton
Nicholson
Nickleton
Northwood

O
O'Donnell

P
Pakesley
Parker (partial)
Petworth
Pickerel
Pickle Crow
Point Anne
Ponsonby
Port Talbot

R
Ragged Rapids
Ramsey
Redwater
Reesor

S
Santa Cruz
Seguin Falls
Sellwood
Sheek's Island
Silver Centre
Silver Islet
Sodom
Spence
Spidertown
Spry
Squires Beach
Strathaven
Sulphide (revived)
Swords

T
Tomiko

V
Victoria Mines
Vroomanton (revived)

W
Wales
Wesleyville
Whitfield
Winisk
Woodhill
Woodlands
Worthington (original site)

References

External links
Ontario Ghost Towns
Ghost Towns Ontario
Ontario and Canadian Ghost Town Photos

Ontario
Ghost towns


Sery may refer to the following places in France:
 Sery, Ardennes
 Sery, Yonne
 Séry-lès-Mézières, Aisne
 Séry-Magneval, Oise


Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine. Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. Differential diagnosis include contamination.

If symptoms are present, treatment is generally with antibiotics. Bacteriuria without symptoms generally does not require treatment. Exceptions may include pregnant women, those who have had a recent kidney transplant, young children with significant vesicoureteral reflux, and those undergoing surgery of the urinary tract.

Bacteriuria without symptoms is present in about 3% of otherwise healthy middle aged women. In nursing homes rates are as high as 50% among women and 40% in men. In those with a long term indwelling urinary catheter rates are 100%. Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year and half of all women have at least one infection at some point in their lives. There is an increased risk of asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy due to physiological changes that occur in a pregnant women which promotes unwanted pathogen growth in the urinary tract.

Signs and symptoms

Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria without accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection and is commonly caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. Other potential pathogens are Klebsiella spp., and group B streptococci. It is more common in women, in the elderly, in residents of long-term care facilities, and in people with diabetes, bladder catheters, and spinal cord injuries. People with a long-term Foley catheter always show bacteriuria. Chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in as many as 50% of the population in long-term care.

There is an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death. However, most of these studies were graded as poor quality. Bacteriuria in pregnancy also increases the risk of preeclampsia.

Symptomatic

Symptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria with the accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (such as frequent urination, painful urination, fever, back pain, abdominal pain and blood in the urine) and includes pyelonephritis or cystitis. The most common cause of urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli.

Diagnosis
Testing for bacteriuria is usually performed in people with symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Certain populations that cannot feel or express symptoms of infection are also tested when showing nonspecific symptoms. For example, confusion or other changes in behaviour can be a sign of an infection in the elderly. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is a common routine in many countries, but controversial.
 The gold standard for detecting bacteriuria is a bacterial culture which identifies the concentration of bacterial cells in the urine. The culture is usually combined with subsequent testing using biochemical methods or MALDI-TOF, which allows to identify the  bacterial species, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Urine culture is quantitative and very reliable, but can take at least one day to obtain a result and it is expensive. Miniaturization of bacterial culture within dipstick format, Digital Dipstick, allows bacterial detection, identification and quantification for bacteriuria within 10–12 hours at the point-of-care. Clinicians will often treat symptomatic bacteriuria based on the results of the urine dipstick test while waiting for the culture results.
 Bacteriuria can usually be detected using a urine dipstick test. The nitrite test detects nitrate-reducing bacteria if growing in high numbers in urine. A negative dipstick test does not exclude bacteriuria, as not all bacteria which can colonise the urinary tract are nitrate-reducing. The leukocyte esterase test indirectly detects the presence of leukocytes (white blood cells) in urine which can be associated with a urinary tract infection. In the elderly, the leukocyte esterase test is often positive even in the absence of an infection. The urine dipstick test is readily available and provides fast, but often unreliable results. Some organisms such as chlamydia and Ureaplasma urealyticum will produce a negative leukocyte esterase reaction.
 Microscopy can also be used to detect bacteriuria. It is rarely used in clinical routine since it requires more time and equipment and does not allow reliable identification or quantification of the causal bacterial species.

Bacteriuria is assumed if a single bacterial species is isolated in a concentration greater than 100,000 colony forming units per millilitre of urine in clean-catch midstream urine specimens. In urine samples obtained from women, there is a risk for bacterial contamination from the vaginal flora. Therefore, in research, usually a second specimen is analysed to confirm asymptomatic bacteriuria in women. For urine collected via bladder catheterization in men and women, a single urine specimen with greater than 100,000 colony forming units of a single species per millilitre is considered diagnostic. The threshold for women displaying UTI symptoms can be as low as 100 colony forming units of a single species per millilitre. However, bacteria below a threshold of 10000 colony forming units per millilitre are usually reported as "no growth" by clinical laboratories.

Using special techniques certain non-disease causing bacteria have also been found in the urine of healthy people. These are part of the resident microbiota.

Screening

Although controversial, many countries including the United States recommend a one time screening for bacteriuria during mid pregnancy. The screening method is by urine culture. Screening non-pregnant adults is recommended against by the United States Preventive Task Force.

Treatment
The decision to treat bacteriuria depends on the presence of accompanying symptoms and comorbidities.

Asymptomatic
Asymptomatic bacteriuria generally does not require treatment. Exceptions include those undergoing surgery of the urinary tract, children with vesicoureteral reflux or others with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. In many countries, regional guidelines recommend treatment of pregnant women.

There is no indication to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetics, renal transplant recipients, and in those with spinal cord injuries.

The overuse of antibiotics to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria has many adverse effects such as an increased risk of diarrhea, the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and infection due to Clostridium difficile.

Symptomatic
Symptomatic bacteriuria is synonymous with urinary tract infection and typically treated with antibiotics. Common choices include nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Epidemiology

References

External links

Bacteria and humans
Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for urine
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

nl:Bacteriurie


Siska is a German television series created by Herbert Reinecker and Helmut Ringelmann and broadcast since October 30, 1998 on the network ZDF. In France, the series was broadcast on France 3 and rebroadcast on 13th Street. It is a police drama and follows the adventures of Peter Siska, a police officer of Munich, and later Victor Siska.

Cast
Peter Kremer: Police Officer Peter Siska (Episodes 1–56, 1998–2004)
Matthias Freihof: Police Officer Lorenz Wiegand (Episodes 1–50, 1998–2003)
Robinson Reichel: Police Officer Felix Bender (Episodes 51–56, 2003)
Tobias Nath: Police Officer Gerhard Lessmann (Episodes 57–77, 2005–2007)
Wolfgang Maria Bauer: Police Officer Viktor Siska (Episodes 57–91, 2004–2008)
Werner Schnitzer: Police Officer Jacob Hahne (since 1998–2008)
Dirk Plönissen: Police Officer Robert Dahlberg (since 2007–2008)

References

External links

1998 German television series debuts
2008 German television series endings
German crime television series
1990s German police procedural television series
2000s German police procedural television series
German drama television series
Television shows set in Munich
German-language television shows
ZDF original programming


Mary Todd "Mamie" Lincoln Isham (October 15, 1869 – November 21, 1938) was a granddaughter of Abraham Lincoln, the first daughter of Robert Todd Lincoln and the mother of Lincoln Isham.

Early life
Mamie was born Mary Todd Lincoln to Mary Eunice Harlan and Robert Todd Lincoln at the Robert Lincoln home in Chicago, Illinois. As a child, she was called by the nickname of "Little Mamie". Her father would often bring Mamie to visit his mother, Mary Todd Lincoln. It is believed that Robert addressed Mamie as Mary's "favorite grandchild". On one visit, Mary Lincoln gave her grandchild two very expensive dolls.

Mamie and her siblings were described as "bright, natural, unpretentious children, well liked by the people of the town". Mamie and her sister, Jessie, were piano students in the summer session of Iowa Wesleyan in 1886.

Mamie later became a member of the Mount Pleasant Chapter A of the P.E.O. Sisterhood one month before her birthday, on September 17, 1884. Her sister Jessie was later accepted by the same organization on December 31, 1895, more than 11 years later.

Personal life
Mamie Lincoln became engaged in London and then married Charles Bradford Isham, the son of merchant and banker William Bradley Isham, on September 2, 1891, and bought a place in Manchester, Vermont, known as the 1811 house. In 1892, she had her only child in New York City:

 Lincoln Isham (1892–1971), who married Leahalma Correa (1892–1960), the daughter of the Spaniard Carlos Correa and the Englishwoman Mary Gooding in August 1919.  They did not have any children together.

She lived the rest of her life in New York City including the address 19 East 72nd Street, where she was a choir mother of Grace Church on Broadway. On June 9, 1919, her husband died, leaving her a widow, but she continued to live in New York City for the next 19 years until she became gravely ill herself in 1938. She died in NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital on November 21, 1938, at around 10:05 a.m. at the age of 69.  She is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, New York City.

At the time of her death, Isham was the owner of the Healy Portrait of Lincoln, which had been left to her by her mother.  It was given to the White House collection when she died.

See also
Lincoln family tree

References

External links

1869 births
1938 deaths
Lincoln family
People from Manchester, Vermont
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)


Eriogonum rosense is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name rosy buckwheat. It is native to the mountains of eastern California and its range extends into Nevada.

Description
This is a small perennial herb which forms mats up to about 20 centimeters wide on dry, rocky mountain slopes. It produces clumps of glandular, coarsely woolly leaves, each about a centimeter long and erects inflorescences on naked, woolly stalks. The flower clusters are generally rounded and the flowers are bright yellow to red-streaked orange.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum rosense
Eriogonum rosense - Photo gallery

rosense
Flora of California
Flora of Nevada
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Flora without expected TNC conservation status