Donald Joseph Gott  (June 3, 1923 – November 9, 1944) was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Gott joined the Army from his birthplace of Arnett, Oklahoma in 1943, and by November 9, 1944 was a first lieutenant serving as a B-17 Flying Fortress pilot in the 729th Bomb Squadron, 452nd Bombardment Group. On that day, during a bombing mission over Saarbrücken, Germany, his plane was severely damaged and several of the crew wounded by enemy fire. Knowing that the most seriously injured crewman needed immediate medical aid, and fearing that he would not receive such aid if he was dropped by parachute into enemy territory, Gott and the co-pilot, William E. Metzger, Jr., decided to try to fly the crippled aircraft back into Allied territory. Once reaching friendly airspace, the two stayed behind with the seriously injured man while the other crewmen parachuted to safety. Gott and his co-pilot attempted a crash landing, but the aircraft exploded before touching down, killing all three on board. For their actions, both Gott and Metzger were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor six months later, on May 16, 1945.

Gott, aged 21 at his death, was buried in Harmon Cemetery, Harmon, Oklahoma.

Awards and decorations

Medal of Honor citation
First Lieutenant Gott's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On a bombing run upon the marshaling yards at Saarbrücken a B-17 aircraft piloted by 1st. Lt. Gott was seriously damaged by antiaircraft fire. Three of the aircraft's engines were damaged beyond control and on fire; dangerous flames from the No. 4 engine were leaping back as far as the tail assembly. Flares in the cockpit were ignited and a fire raged therein, which was further increased by free-flowing fluid from damaged hydraulic lines. The interphone system was rendered useless. In addition to these serious mechanical difficulties the engineer was wounded in the leg and the radio operator's arm was severed below the elbow. Suffering from intense pain, despite the application of a tourniquet, the radio operator fell unconscious. Faced with the imminent explosion of his aircraft, and death to his entire crew, mere seconds before bombs away on the target, 1st. Lt. Gott and his copilot conferred. Something had to be done immediately to save the life of the wounded radio operator. The lack of a static line and the thought that his unconscious body striking the ground in unknown territory would not bring immediate medical attention forced a quick decision. 1st. Lt. Gott and his copilot decided to fly the flaming aircraft to friendly territory and then attempt to crash land. Bombs were released on the target and the crippled aircraft proceeded alone to Allied-controlled territory. When that had been reached, 1st. Lt. Gott had the copilot personally inform all crewmembers to bail out. The copilot chose to remain with 1st. Lt. Gott in order to assist in landing the bomber. With only one normally functioning engine, and with the danger of explosion much greater, the aircraft banked into an open field, and when it was at an altitude of 100 feet it exploded, crashed, exploded again and then disintegrated. All 3 crewmembers were instantly killed. 1st. Lt. Gott's loyalty to his crew, his determination to accomplish the task set forth to him, and his deed of knowingly performing what may have been his last service to his country was an example of valor at its highest.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

External links

1923 births
1944 deaths
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients
People from Ellis County, Oklahoma
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Recipients of the Air Medal
Aviators killed by being shot down


Clarence Moore may refer to:
Clarence Moore (American football) (born 1982), American professional football player
Clarence Moore (baseball) (1908–1992), American baseball player
Clarence Moore (businessman) (1865–1912), American businessman and first class passenger on the RMS Titanic
Clarence Bloomfield Moore (1852–1936), American archaeologist
Clarence C. Moore (1904–1979), engineer, inventor, and minister
Clarence Lemuel Elisha Moore (1876–1931), American mathematics professor


Egbert Benson Brown (October 4, 1816 – February 11, 1902) was a Union general in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War.

Early life and education
Egbert Brown was born in Brownsville, New York, and as a young man sailed on a whaler before settling in Toledo, Ohio, in the early 1840s.  He was a respected grain dealer and built the first steam elevator in town.  After successively working his way to Mayor of Toledo in 1852, he moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1852 and engaged in the railroad business.

Civil War
In August 1861, Brown was commissioned as the lieutenant colonel of the 7th Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment.  He resigned this position in May 1862 to become a brigadier general of the Missouri State Militia (Union). He was appointed as a brigadier general of U.S. volunteers to rank from November 29, 1862.

Brown's duties primarily involved suppressing Confederate guerrillas and opposing raids from Arkansas and the Indian Territory. Among the high points of his career were two victories over Joseph Shelby, at the Second Battle of Springfield (1863) during Marmaduke's first raid, and at Marshall, Missouri, during Shelby's Great Raid of 1863.  Brown was severely wounded in the shoulder at Springfield and lost the use of an arm. He commanded the District of Central Missouri during 1863 and through 1864.

Although successful in many engagements, Brown was criticized by some for lack of vigor. This came to a head during Sterling Price's 1864 raid of Missouri. At the Battle of Westport, Union Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton relieved Brown of command and arrested him for failing to promptly obey an order to attack. Brown then assumed command of the District of Rolla in January 1865 until the end of the war.

Post-war
Brown was the United States pension agent in St. Louis from 1866 to 1868.  He resigned to operate a farm in Illinois.  He died in the home of a granddaughter at West Plains, Missouri, on February 11, 1902, and was buried next to his wife in Cuba, Missouri.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)

References

Sources
 Warner, Ezra, Generals in Blue, Louisiana State University Press, 1964/2002.

External links
 Denny, James M., "The Battle of Marshall"

 photo

1816 births
1902 deaths
People from Brownsville, Brooklyn
Union Army generals
Union militia generals
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Mayors of Toledo, Ohio
Missouri in the American Civil War


Katalin Károlyi is a Hungarian mezzo-soprano, noted for singing in Baroque opera, particularly those directed by William Christie. Károlyi has made a number of recordings with Christie's Les Arts Florissants including Médée and La Descente d'Orphée aux Enfers by Marc-Antoine Charpentier on CD and the DVD recording of Il ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria by Claudio Monteverdi.

References

Living people
Hungarian opera singers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Chobe may refer to:
 Chobe District
 Chobe River
 Chobe National Park


The Xian H-8 bomber () was a Chinese military aircraft and a possible successor to the aging twin-engined Xian H-6 jet bomber. It is referred to as Xian H-7 in some sources. The proposed designs were reported to be an enlarged H-6 with four or six underwing engines, but the project was canceled in 1971 in early development stage.

Development
On 23 March 1970 the No.603 Research Institute was tasked with developing a strategic bomber to be designated H-8, to reduce costs and development time the Xian H-6 airframe was used as a baseline. The first working sample was expected to be completed in 1973, and production was expected to be as early as in 1974.

However, the development of the H-8 paced slowly and came to a halt as major development resource was transferred to Shanghai Y-10. In September 1971, the H-8 project was canceled, whilst the H-6I was continued on as a substitute.

Variants
Xian H-8I – Two powerplant options were studied, using four WS-6J (Type 910) turbofans or six Pratt & Whitney JT-3D turbofans but no aircraft were built.
Xian H-8II – A H-6 with increased wing span, powered by six WS-6J turbofans in evenly spaced nacelles, and possibly a re-designed flight-deck with an extended solid nose. No aircraft were built.

Specifications

See also

References

1970s Chinese bomber aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of China
H-08
Quadjets
High-wing aircraft


Independent Operational Group Narew (Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Narew, SGO Narew) was one of the Polish Army Corps (Operational Groups) that defended Poland during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. It was created on 23 March 1939 and was commanded by general Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski.

Tasks
SGO Narew was to defend the north-eastern frontline near the Lithuanian border, and prevent the German forces from crossing Narew and Biebrza rivers. It was to secure the left flank of Modlin Army.

Operational history
The SGO Narew was defeated in the battle of Zambrów on 6 September, with the 18th Infantry Division being mostly destroyed. The remaining units retreated to Puszcza Białowieska large forest complex, and were later incorporated into Independent Operational Group Polesie.

Organization
The commander of the unit was general Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski. His chief of staff was colonel Stanisław Podkowiński.

It consisted of 2 infantry divisions and 2 cavalry brigades:

 18th Infantry Division ().
 33rd Infantry Division ( - reserve.).
 Podlaska Cavalry Brigade ().
 Suwalska Cavalry Brigade ().
Air Units attached to SGO Narew:
 Polish 151st Fighter Escadrille ()
 Reconnaissance Squadron 51 ()
 Polish 13th Observation Escadrille ()
 Liaison Platoon No. 9 ()

References

 Armie i samodzielne grupy operacyjne Wojska Polskiego 1939  WIEM Encyklopedia

Polesie
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1939


Leonardo Valdés Zurita is a Mexican scholar who currently served as president of the National Electoral Institute (previously Federal Electoral Institute). He grew up in Mexico City. From February 2008 to October 2013, he was the last President of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE).

References
 Ricardo Gomez, Andrea Merloz "Aprueban a Leonardo Valdés Zurita al frente del IFE" Mexico City:El Universal 7 Feb 2008
 Francisco Reséndiz "Amaga titular del IFE con entregar renuncia" El Universal 20 April 2008

Mexican academics
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The British standard ordnance weights and measurements for the artillery were established by the Master General of Ordnance in 1764, and these were not altered until 1919,  when the metric system was additionally introduced.

This system has largely been replaced by defining the weapon in terms of the measurement of the calibre, which is the standard today for most weapon systems in use by the world's armed forces.

The 18th century standards were based on a projectile's weight, which dates back to use of muzzle loaded cannons that fired solid cannonballs. The bore designations are only an approximate relationship to the actual weight of the projectile when it was applied to modern artillery.

The table below lists the metric and Imperial calibres of various British weapons, which utilised the standard after 1919:

Terminology

When used with British standard nomenclature:
 BL is short for "Breech Loading", but generally means not QF, i.e. separate cordite bags rather than a cartridge case.
 ML is short for "Muzzle Loading".
 PR is short for "Pounder", e.g. 20 Pounder can be shortened to "20-PR". pdr is also a common shortening of "pounder", e.g. 17pdr.
 QF is short for "Quick Firing", indicating the weapon is breech-loaded with the propellant in a cartridge case which also made the breech seal, allowing faster loading and firing.

See also
 Pounds as a measure of cannon bore
 Glossary of British ordnance terms

References
Rottman, Gordon L.: Elite 124 - World War II Infantry Anti-Tank Tactics, Osprey publishing,  p. 16
 Collins, A.R. "British Cannonball Sizes" https://www.arc.id.au/Cannonballs.html

Artillery of the United Kingdom
Artillery by caliber


Contentpolis–Ampo () was a Spanish professional road bicycle racing cycling team which had UCI Professional Continental status until it folded in 2009.

Riders
As of February 8, 2008.

References

External links

Defunct cycling teams based in Spain
Cycling teams disestablished in 2009
Cycling teams established in 2008


An emergency care assistant is a type of NHS emergency medical service worker in the United Kingdom, often used to support paramedics in responding to emergency calls.

This frontline staff role was introduced in 2006 as part of the modernisation of NHS emergency ambulances and also to lower costs. By 2011 there were 2000 people working as ECAs in the United Kingdom. The role has varied scope across the country, as it is defined by the local ambulance service policy, although the role primarily involves assisting ambulance clinicians. ECAs are typically trained with emergency driving skills. They may carry out basic diagnostic procedures under the direct supervision of a paramedic. The College of Paramedics does not expect ECAs to be required to make complex clinical decisions.

Implementation
Each regional ambulance service determines its own criteria around what is needed to become an ECA. They are amongst the lowest paid front line staff in the NHS, typically being paid at AfC band 3 or 4.

Ambulance crew unions and a range of healthcare professionals have expressed reservations about having ambulance services employ a large number of ECAs, both before and after the change. Unions representing ambulance workers had fears that the workforce changes could lead to an increase in the risk to patients as well as adding to the workload of paramedics and had written to East Midlands Ambulance Service to ask for the reintroduction of the technician role.

Another issue is the amount of driving an ECA has to do during a 12-hour shift, as driving time regulations do not apply to emergency services. Whilst either of the crew members may drive when responding to an emergency case, the paramedic is more likely to attend a patient during an emergency transport, meaning that the ECA is likely to do more driving.

In December 2014, after a steep rise in the number of paramedics on long term sick leave suffering stress, Yorkshire Ambulance Service said they would be bringing back the technician role.

Career development
There is a route for some ECAs to progress to Technician level. A training programme is run by the East of England Ambulance NHS Trust (EEAST) which aims to help ECAs progress to technician within 1 year of their basic training; by November 2015, most ECAs working for the East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EEAST) have made the transition from ECA to Technician on this programme.

ECAs who wish to progress to become a paramedic will need to complete a University degree, Some employers do provide structured training to support this, with an expectation that it would take at least two and a half years for an ECA to complete this on a part-time basis.

References

External links
www.emergencycareassistant.co.uk

Emergency medical responders
Ambulance services in the United Kingdom


The Novgorod uprising of 1650 () was an uprising in Novgorod, caused by the Russian government's bulk purchasing of grain (traded to Sweden) and the resulting increases in the price of bread.

In mid-March 1650, the revolting craftsmen, some of the Streltsy, and urban poor deposed voyevoda Fyodor Khilkov and ravaged the households of several merchants around Novgorod. The insurgents elected a number of city elders and put a metropolitan clerk named Ivan Zheglov in charge of municipal government. On March 17, Metropolitan Nikon of Novgorod anathemized the new municipal authority from a church ambon, for which he would be beaten up by the crowd on March 19. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich dispatched a noble named Solovtsov to settle the conflict, but the latter was arrested on the spot and kept under guard for several days. The insurgents attempted to establish contact with rebellious Pskov (see Pskov Uprising of 1650), but to no avail. Eventually, the internal struggle for power between the urban poor and well-off citizens, Ivan Zheglov's hesitation and inconsistency, and Metropolitan Nikon's firm stance led to the insurgents' defeat. The government troops under the command of Prince Ivan Nikitich Khovansky approached Novgorod in early April and, after having spent a few days at the city walls, entered the city on April 13 meeting no resistance.

The leaders of the uprising were arrested, five of whom would soon be executed. Over a hundred people were flogged and exiled to the Russian North, Astrakhan, and Terek.

See also
 List of food riots

References

Riots and civil disorder in Russia
History of Veliky Novgorod
Food riots
1650 riots
1650 in Russia


Alberto Rodríguez (born 16 December 1947) is a Uruguayan former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
Uruguayan male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Uruguay
Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)


Passing Strange is a comedy-drama rock musical about a young African American's journey of self-discovery as an artist, while combining strong existentialist and meta-fictional elements (especially self-referential humor). The musical's lyrics and book are by Stew with music and orchestrations by Heidi Rodewald and Stew. It was created in collaboration with director Annie Dorsen.

The musical was developed at the Sundance Institute Theatre Lab in 2004 and 2005, one of the few works to be invited back for a second round of development.  It had productions in Berkeley, California and Off-Broadway before opening on Broadway in 2008, garnering strong reviews and several awards. Spike Lee filmed the musical on Broadway in July 2008, premiering the film in 2009.

Title
Stew had never written a play before Passing Strange. In an interview with Berkeley Rep, where the play premiered, he said he was initially inspired by reading about the Old Globe Theatre, where  Shakespeare productions were originally performed in front of rowdy audiences. A longtime rock musician and performer, he wanted to combine the energy of a rock show with the lively potential of a theater setting.  Stew stated that the title "Passing Strange" comes from Shakespeare's 1603 play Othello, the Moor of Venice. In the play, the title character utters the following lines:
My story being done,
She gave me for my pains a world of sighs;
She swore, in faith 'twas strange, 'twas passing strange;'''Twas pitiful. 'twas wondrous pitiful,
She wish'd she had not heard it, yet she wish'd
That heaven had made her such a man.
—Othello, the Moor of Venice, act 1, scene 3, lines 158–163

Stew commented that the quote reminds him of a rock musician who tries to attract a girl with his on-the-road stories. "Passing" in Early Modern English meant "extremely" (thus, the meaning of "extremely strange" in the above passage). However, in the play's title, it also refers to the history of Black Americans "passing" (that is, "passing as white"), a concept raised multiple times in the play, as well as the passage of time.

Background
The plot itself involves an anonymous protagonist, called the Youth, who travels on a picaresque journey to find "the real", complicated by his need to rebel against his mother and society, "passing" through place to place and from lover to lover. His experiences are shaped by his black, American, and middle-class identity. As a musician, he attempts to express his true self through a number of musical genres, including gospel, punk, blues, jazz, and rock; however, the musical itself is most prominently grounded in rock music.

Stew summarized the story and the music: "It's ... about the costs of being a young artist. It's a 46-year-old guy looking back at the things that he did and the values he had in his 20s, sort of when you're making that decision to really be an artist ... We knew we were going to invent something 'cause we kind of knew this hadn't been done before, the goal being to bring the actual music that one hears in a club to the stage — not through some kind of theatrical musical-theater filter".

The musical was nominated for seven Tony Awards, winning one, for best book. It won three Drama Desk Awards, however, for outstanding musical, music and lyrics (out of seven nominations), among a number of other awards and nominations. The musical was also awarded the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Musical; the Audelco Award for Best Musical, as well as Best Director (Annie Dorsen), Best Musical Director (Rodewald), and Best Performance (Daniel Breaker); and an Obie Award for Best New Theatre Piece, as well as Outstanding Ensemble.

Production history
Passing Strange premiered on October 19, 2006, at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre in Berkeley, California.  It was then produced off-Broadway at The Public Theater in New York City, running from May 14, 2007, through June 3, 2007.  The musical began previews at the Belasco Theatre on Broadway on February 8, 2008, and officially opened on February 28, 2008, with the same cast that starred at the Public Theater. After 165 performances, it closed on July 20, 2008.  Directed by Annie Dorsen, the musical was choreographed by Karole Armitage, with scenic design by David Korins, costume design by Elizabeth Hope Clancy and lighting design by Kevin Adams.

The first regional production opened at The Studio Theatre in Washington, D.C., on July 18, 2010, with a revised script and ran through August. It did not include co-creator Stew as the Narrator, and the cast was expanded from seven to fourteen players. "Passing Strange" played at ACT Theatre in Seattle, WA in June and July, 2014 with LeRoy Bell of "The Voice" in the lead role.

The first production in a high school opened at The Beacon School in New York on May 8, 2014, completely uncensored. Stew would later work with members of the Beacon School cast where they performed numbers from Passing Strange with him at Lincoln Center.

Synopsis

Act I
The Narrator introduces himself as Stew ("Prologue"), openly referring to himself, his collaborator Heidi, and the rest of the band, and occasionally interrupting the plot and interacting directly with the characters throughout the play. The Narrator introduces the African-American male protagonist as "the Youth"—whom the Narrator also refers to as the "hero" or "pilgrim". In a late 1970s South Central Los Angeles middle-class neighborhood, the Youth begins searching for "the real" during his teenaged years, having just briefly turned to Zen Buddhism in defiance of his single mother's conservative Christian faith ("Baptist Fashion Show"). Regardless, he is reluctantly dragged to her church and feels surprisingly moved by the church's gospel band, joyfully equating gospel to rock & roll ("Blues Revelation / Freight Train") and, deciding to explore the spiritual power of music, he joins the church choir ("Edwina Williams"). Here, he meets the pastor's son and choir director, Franklin Jones, who as a marijuana-smoking closeted gay man, exposes the Youth to drugs, New Negro culture, and European philosophy ("Arlington Hill"). The Youth eventually begins playing guitar, deserts Franklin's choir, and forms a punk rock band ("Sole Brother"), which quickly dissolves during a bad LSD trip ("Must've Been High").

The Youth saves money to travel to Europe where he hopes to truly develop as a musical artist, despite his mother and community's disapproval ("Mom Song / Philistines"), culminating in an argument that satirizes the overly dramatic styles of European experimental cinema and which soon merges onstage into the actual journey to Europe ("Merci Beaucoup, M. Godard"). Now in promiscuous Amsterdam, with its easy access to drugs and sex ("Amsterdam"), the Youth experiences his first sense of acceptance when a local squatter, Marianna, unquestioningly accepts him into her apartment ("Keys"). After happily living among Marianna and other free-spirited artists ("We Just Had Sex"), he finds he cannot write songs when he has nothing to complain about. He heads to Berlin, leaving behind an upset Marianna, who tells him not to return ("Paradise").

Act 2
The Youth arrives in West Berlin during a May Day riot ("May Day"), joining some of the performance-artist protesters ("Surface"). His integrity falters when he misrepresents himself as poor to be accepted by the revolutionary artists whom he now lives with, collectively called Nowhaus. Desi, his new girlfriend and the Nowhaus leader, tells him that only love is real ("Damage").

The Youth can never bring himself to be honest about his background ("Identity"), though he basks in a romanticized African-American stereotype amidst his German friends ("The Black One"). Desi finally expresses her feelings that the Youth is concealing his true identity ("Come Down Now"). Meanwhile, he is irritated by his heartsick mother's phone calls and delays visiting her, even with Christmas approaching, when the other Nowhaus members abruptly return home to their families. The Youth pleads with Desi to stay with him during the holidays, but they fight over their differing views on love and she leaves him ("Youth's Unfinished Song").

The Narrator's self-reflections promptly enter into the Youth's story ("Work the Wound"), concluding with the unexpected scene of the Youth at his mother's funeral. With this surprisingly dramatic turns of events, the tone of the play shifts from largely comedic to suddenly heavy-hearted. The Narrator and the Youth confront each other directly and in a serious moment for the first time as the Youth copes with his grief; dealing with the loss of the same mother, it is clear now that the Narrator and Youth represent the same person at two different times in his life ("Passing Phase"). The Youth, after declaring that only art can correct the mistake known as life, resurrects his mother's spirit through his art ("Is It Alright?"). Ultimately, however, only the more mature Narrator remains onstage, professing the need for something beyond "the real" and that this is love ("Love Like That").

Song list

Act 1

"Prologue: We Might Play All Night" — Narrator and the Band
"Baptist Fashion Show" — Narrator, Band and Ensemble
"Blues Revelation; Freight Train":
"Listening is Waiting" † — Heidi (from the Band) and Narrator
"Church Blues Revelation" — Reverend Jones, Narrator and Ensemble
"Music is the Freight Train in which God Travels" — Narrator and Ensemble
"Edwina Williams" — Edwina and Narrator
"Arlington Hill" †; "Everything's Alright" — Narrator; Narrator and Ensemble
"Sole Brother" — Youth, Terry and Sherry
"Must've Been High" † — Narrator
"Mom Song"; "Philistines" — Narrator, Mother and Ensemble; Youth and Ensemble
"Merci Beaucoup, M. Godard" — Narrator and Stewardesses
"Amsterdam" — Band and Ensemble
"Keys":
"Keys #1" — Marianna and Youth
"Keys #2" — Narrator
"It's Alright" — Narrator and Ensemble
"We Just Had Sex" — Youth, Marianna and Renata
"Paradise":
"Paradise/Stoned" ‡ — Youth, Marianna and Ensemble
"Keys (Reprise)" † — Youth and Narrator
"Paradise (Reprise)/Starting to Feel Real" ‡ — Youth, Marianna, Band and Ensemble

Act 2
"May Day":
"Berlin: A Black Hole with Taxis" — Narrator
"May Day (There's a Riot Goin' Down)" † — Narrator, Heidi, Youth, Nowhaus and Ensemble
"Desi" † — Narrator, Youth, Desi and Ensemble
"Are You Ready to Explode?" — Narrator and Ensemble
"Surface":
"What's Inside is Just a Lie" — Mr. Venus
"Are You Ready to Explode? (Reprise)" — Mr. Venus, Youth and Ensemble
"The System Does All Kinds of Damage" † — Narrator, Desi and Youth
"Identity" — Youth
"The Black One" — Narrator and Ensemble
"Come Down Now":
"Listening is Waiting (Reprise)" † — Heidi
"Come Down Now" — Desi and Heidi
"Starting to Feel Real (Reprise)"  — Narrator, Desi, Heidi and Ensemble
"Youth's Unfinished Song" — Youth
"Work the Wound" — Narrator
"Passing Phase" — Youth and Narrator
"Cue Music (Is It Alright?)" † — Narrator and Mother
"Epilogue: Love Like That" — Narrator and Heidi
Encore: "It's Alright" — All

† In the staged performance, this song is heavily interspersed with or broken up by dialogue and/or spoken narration.
‡ The two titles here enclosed within a single pair of quotation marks and separated by a slash refer to two songs that play in counterpoint.

Characters
All actors except those playing the Narrator, Youth, and Mother also play miscellaneous, nameless roles such as church-goers, family members, airplane stewardesses, etc. Major roles are emphasized in boldface.

Passing Strange: The Movie
Director Spike Lee made a permanent record of the Broadway production "for generations and generations to see" by filming the last three performances at the Belasco Theatre. His feature film had its world premiere on January 16 at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and opened at the IFC Center in New York City's West Village on August 21, 2009. It aired on PBS as part of Great Performances.

Critical reaction
Reviews on and off Broadway were positive. Charles Isherwood wrote in The New York Times: "Although it is far richer in wit, feeling and sheer personality than most of what is classified as musical theater in the neighborhood around Times Square these days, its big heart throbs to the sound of electric guitars, searing synthesizer chords, driving drums and lyrics delivered not in a clean croon but a throaty yelp... Passing Strange is bursting at the seams with melodic songs, and it features a handful of theatrical performances to treasure... Call it a rock concert with a story to tell, trimmed with a lot of great jokes. Or call it a sprawling work of performance art, complete with angry rants and scary drag queens... I'll just call it wonderful, and a welcome anomaly on Broadway".  Hilton Als praised the storyline of the musical in The New Yorker: "Passing Strange is a brilliant work about migration — a geographical migration but also its hero’s migration beyond the tenets of “blackness” and toward selfhood. ...Stew, who created Passing Strange, which is an autobiography of sorts, doesn't distract us with exoticism or nostalgia; his story centers on a young black man who discovers his own Americanness while growing up, first, in Los Angeles and, later, in Europe. The Youth (Daniel Breaker) is a rock-and-roll Candide — a wanderer whose innocence is never entirely corrupted".

Spike Lee's documentary of the play also received a positive review by A. O. Scott in The New York Times: "Here’s the strange thing. When I saw Spike Lee’s film adaptation, 'Passing Strange: The Movie,' in effect a video recording of a performance identical to the one I’d witnessed at the Belasco Theater in 2008, I was blown away. Loose ends ceased to dangle; soft spots were smoothed away and slow passages tightened up".  Laremy Legel of Film.com called the film “vibrant and compelling” noting that Lee's decision to shoot it as a play was the right one: “Spike Lee, to his credit, realized the beauty of the musical was right there on stage – no further tinkering was needed. Spike used 14 cameras at once to capture the action like it's never been done before. Amazingly, you never see a camera you weren't meant to see. Intimate shots were gathered in gorgeous high-definition over the course of three shows and seamlessly edited together. It's a technological triumph as well as an artistic one".

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

Passing Strange: The Movie

References

External links
Official web site

 "Drama Desk Nominees Announced; Catered Affair Garners 12 Noms", Playbill, April 28, 2008, Retrieved 5-2-2008
 "Young Frankenstein Tops Outer Critics Circle Awards Nominations", Playbill, April 21, 2008, Retrieved 5-2-2008
 "74th Annual Drama League Award Nominees Announced", Playbill, April 22, 2008, Retrieved 5-2-2008
 "Adding Machine Gets Six Lucille Lortel Noms; Opus, Passing Strange Recognized", Playbill, March 31, 2008, Retrieved 5-2-2008

2006 musicals
Broadway musicals
African-American musicals
All-Black cast Broadway shows
Existentialist plays
Off-Broadway musicals
Original musicals
Rock musicals
Sung-through musicals
Films directed by Spike Lee
Tony Award-winning musicals
Musicals set in Los Angeles
Musicals set in Berlin


Silas Wright Titus (January 18, 1849 – January 7, 1922) was an engineer who discovered and patented deep water pumping technology and discovered early water supplies for New York City and other towns and cities in the United States in the late nineteenth century.  He was known as “The Water Wizard”.

Life and career
Silas Wright Titus was born on January 18, 1849, in Syracuse, New York.  He was the son of Col. Silas Titus of Syracuse and grandson of Thomas McCarthy (Syracuse politician).  He was named for a friend of his father’s, Silas Wright, a US Senator, Governor of New York, and a member of Andrew Jackson’s cabinet.   He was educated in the Syracuse schools and developed an interest in Civil Engineering.  In 1861, at the age of 12, he served as a bugler in the 12th New York Volunteer Infantryduring the American Civil War.  He was discharged from service in 1865.  When he was 20 years old he worked with the engineering force in the construction of the New Orleans, Mobile and Texas Railroad.

About 1884 he moved to Southwestern Texas to begin studying underground water supplies.  He helped to develop and construct 125 groundwater wells in the vicinity of San Angelo, Texas.  He subsequently invented a method for locating and procuring groundwater by means of drilling and pumping. He was granted seven patents on lifting water by air.  He moved back to New York in about 1896.

New York City water supply

In the early 1900s the New York City water supply began to experience severe water shortages.  Up until that time the majority of the city's water came from reservoirs and well north of the city.  Droughts had threatened the supply to the city.  Around 1892 the borough of Brooklyn drilled several wells near the town of Jameco, Long Island.  The city engineers operated the wells for several years.  With the best machinery available they were only able to produce  per day.  The city was about to abandon the wells at Jameco when Titus offered to run the plant.  He was allowed to run the plant under a contract with machinery he invented and patented.  Soon the wells were producing  per day.

According to Titus, the Water Department engineers were jealous and they persuaded the Water Commissioner to "dispense with his services".  Under the City's operation of the wells, production dropped to  per day.  The city engineers concluded that the Jameco wells had exhausted the water supply under Long Island.  One of the head engineers said he "would stake his professional reputation that not a gallon more water could be obtained from the station that was then obtained".  The city was about to abandon the wells again when Titus made another proposal to operate the wells with his own machinery and furnish  per day free of charge.  He requested payment of $40 for each  a day over the first .  The city engineers laughed at him but allowed him to operate the well at Jameco again.  In a short time the "exhausted" wells were producing  per day and later reached  per day.

From 1906 to January 1909 the city regularly paid Titus under the terms of his contract.  However, in 1909 the city began to hold up payments.  When the city continued to hold payments, Titus shut down his water pumps which supplied over 10% of Brooklyn's entire water supply.  On the night of Oct. 28, 1909, twenty men from the water department went out to the pumping station to seize the plant and machinery.  Titus met them there and told them that “somebody was going to get hurt” if they put their hands on any of his property.

Later life

For a period of 15 years he worked locating and installing water plants in dry towns all throughout the U.S. and Canada.  He would install the plants at his own risk and sell them to the towns only after they were fully developed and guaranteed.  He never failed to produce a successful water supply plant.

He died on Saturday January 7, 1922, of arteriosclerosis at the home of his daughter.  He belonged to the church of St. Francis Xavier and is buried in St. John's cemetery in New York.

References

1849 births
1922 deaths
American civil engineers
19th-century American inventors
20th-century American inventors
People from Syracuse, New York
History of New York City
Water infrastructure of New York City
Engineers from New York (state)


Since 1976 the American new wave band Blondie has released 11 studio albums, 4 live albums, 14 compilation albums, 3 remix albums, 3 EPs, and 38 singles. The band has sold an estimated 40 million albums.

Albums

Studio albums

* The band's debut album, Blondie, did not chart in the UK following its original release, but charted in March 1979 after it was re-released by Chrysalis Records.

Live albums

Compilation albums

Remix albums

Box sets

Extended plays

Singles

* "One Way or Another" was not released as a single in the UK, but charted from downloads in 2013 after a cover/mash-up of the song was released by One Direction and reached number one.

Digital downloads

Promotional singles

Billboard Year-End performances

Notes
 A^ "The Tide Is High" charted on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, reaching #3."Rapture" charted on both the R&B Songs and Mainstream Rock charts, reaching #33 and #35 respectively.The 1994 remix of "Rapture" charted on the Hot Dance Singles chart, reaching #35.The 1995 remixes of "Heart of Glass" and "Union City Blue" both charted on the Hot Dance Singles chart, peaking at #11 and #30 respectively."Maria" peaked at #14 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and at #3 on the Hot Dance Singles chart.
 B^ "Heart of Glass" and "Island of Lost Souls" also both reached #1 on the RPM Adult Contemporary chart. "One Way or Another" and "Maria" reached #7 and #28 respectively on the same chart.
 C^ Christmas single made available for free download on Blondie's official website.
 D^ An outtake from the Panic of Girls sessions of 2011, posted on Deborah Harry's website as a free download including cover art and credits.
 E^ In 2012, the band released several tracks for free download via Amazon and on the band's website. "Bride of Infinity", "Dead Air" and "Rock On" were put online on October 10, in order to coincide with the band's performance on YouTube Presents, while "Practice Makes Perfect" was released in November.
 F^ "Kidnapper" is a Japanese-only release; "Heroes" (also released as a B-side to the "Atomic" single) is a German 12-inch maxi-only release; "Heart of Glass '88" is an Australian- and French-only release.
 G^ "Long Time" also reached #19 on the US Adult Alternative Songs chart.
 H^ Though not released as a regular single, "Yuletide Throwdown" was originally recorded in 1981 (originally known as "Christmas Rap") by Debbie Harry and rap artist Fab Five Freddy. A white label test pressing was made by Chris Stein's "Animal Records" label in 1981, and the track was released in 1982 as a free flexidisc with Flexipop magazine in the UK. The blue 7" single played at 33rpm, and included two other festive-themed tracks by The Brattles and Snuky Tate, both of which were also produced by Stein. In 2021, Blondie's song was released digitally and as a limited edition 12" vinyl single by Blondie themselves.

Other appearances

Notes
 A^ Released under the name "Adolph's Dog".
 B^ Recorded and released to promote The New Cars and Blondie's Road Rage Tour.

Video

Video albums

Notes:
† Live at CBGB's 1977 was released as a bonus DVD in the deluxe edition of Blondie 4(0) Ever, which includes Greatest Hits Deluxe Redux and Ghosts of Download, the band's 10th studio album.

Music videos

References

Discographies of American artists
Rock music group discographies
Pop music group discographies
New wave discographies
Discography
Disco discographies


North Cadbury is a village and civil parish  west of Wincanton, by the River Cam, in the Unitary Authority of Somerset, England. It shares its parish council with nearby Yarlington and its civil parish includes the village of Galhampton, which got its name from the settlement of the rent-paying peasants, and the hamlet of Woolston.

History
The name Cadbury means Cada's fort and refers to Cadbury Castle.

The parish was part of the hundred of Catsash.

Feudal barony of North Cadbury
In the Domesday Book of 1086 the manor is recorded as held as part of the extensive fiefdom of Turstin FitzRolf, the supposed standard-bearer to William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The lands held by Turstin were subsequently proved to have been held under the feudal tenure per baroniam, making the holder a feudal baron. The caput of this barony is stated by Professor Ivor Sanders (1960) to have been North Cadbury, although Turstin's central area of operation seems to have been around Caerleon Castle on the English border with Glamorgan, South Wales.

Turstin seems to have been banished in about 1088, possibly having opposed King William II of England in his struggle for the English crown with his elder brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy. The fiefdom then passed to Wynebald de Ballon, newly arrived with his brother Hamelin de Ballon from Maine, France. Wynebald was a close associate of King William Rufus, and probably received Turstin's fiefdom as a reward for services unknown. Wynebald's centre of operation was at Caerleon Castle, on the River Usk, higher up which was founder Abergavenny Castle by his brother Hamelin. Even further up the river Usk was situated the caput of the great Marcher Lordship of Bernard de Newmarch at Brecon. Wynebald de Ballon's 2 sons died without issue and his heir to the barony became his daughter Mabilia, the wife of a certain "Henry de Newmarch". No evidence has survived as to the ancestry of Henry de Newmarch, but circumstantial evidence suggests that he was descended from Bernard de Newmarch, Marcher Lord of Brecon, by a first marriage. Bernard's sole heiress was certainly his only daughter by his last marriage to Sibila. Bernard is said to have had children by a first marriage, as mention of them is made in a charter to the monks of Brecon, in which he speaks of sons and daughters, especially devising the lands of Costinio for the welfare of the soul of his son Philip.

The barony of Wynebald, which can at this stage in its history be termed the "barony of North Cadbury", descended into the family of his son-in-law Henry de Newmarch (d.1198). Henry had 2 sons, Henry (or possibly William) the eldest who died without issue in 1204, and James (d.1216) who according to Wiffen (1883) married Maud, later the wife of Otto FitzWilliam. James had no son but left 2 co-heiresses, Isabel and Hawise, who being heirs of a tenant-in-chief became wards of the king. The king (either King John just before his death in 1216, or more likely the council of his infant son King Henry III (1216–1272)) granted the wardship, which included the marriage also, of Isabel the elder daughter to John Russell (d.1224) of Kingston Russell, Dorset. Russell had been a household knight of Kings Richard I (1189–1199) and of his brother King John (1199–1216) and of the latter's infant son Henry III, the latter whom he also later served as household steward. The wardship of Hawise the younger the king granted to John de Boterel, confirmed to the latter by Henry III in 1218, per the Close Rolls. Russell was by then elderly and already married with a family so he married-off Isabel to his eldest surviving son Ralph Russell, which action raised Ralph to the status of a feudal baron and gave him possession of a moiety of the lands comprising the barony of North Cadbury. John de Boterel was clearly then unmarried and perhaps younger for he exercised his grant by marrying Hawise himself; however he was not to live much longer and following his death without issue Hawise married secondly in about 1230 Nicholas de Moels. The descendants of both daughters retained all or some of the North Cadbury baronial lands they inherited until the 16th century, when the Russell moiety was then held by the Denys family of Siston, Gloucestershire. On the death of Thomas Russell in 1431, the 21-year-old son of Maurice Russell, knight (d.1416) of Dyrham, Gloucestershire, the heirs to the Russell lands became Thomas's elder half-sisters Margaret, whose first husband had been Gilbert Denys, knight (d.1422), upon the issue of which marriage her inheritance had been settled, and Isabel, then wife of Stephen Hatfield, her 4th husband. The de Moels share passed successively by marriage to the Barons Botreaux (1337), (who may by coincidence have been from the same family as Hawise's first husband John de Botrel), Barons Hungerford (1462) and the Barons Hastings in 1468.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Geography
Approximately  west of North Cadbury is Sparkford Wood, an 8.4 hectare (20.7 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which is a broadleaved semi-natural woodland situated on heavy fertile soils dating from at least the 18th century.

Along with the rest of South West England, North Cadbury has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. The annual mean temperature is about  with seasonal and diurnal variations, but due to the modifying effect of the sea, the range is less than in most other parts of the United Kingdom. January is the coldest month with mean minimum temperatures between . July and August are the warmest months in the region with mean daily maxima around . In general, December is the dullest month and June the sunniest. The south west of England enjoys a favoured location, particularly in summer, when the Azores High extends its influence north-eastwards towards the UK.

Cloud often forms inland, especially near hills, and reduces exposure to sunshine. The average annual sunshine totals around 1600 hours. Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. In summer, convection caused by solar surface heating sometimes forms shower clouds and a large proportion of the annual precipitation falls from showers and thunderstorms at this time of year. Average rainfall is around . About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest. The predominant wind direction is from the south west.

Landmarks
Galhampton Manor House dates from 1723 and has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building. The village is also home to their festival 'Party in the Park', which happens every July and is attended by 1,200 people each year.

North Cadbury Court is a country house built around 1580–1610, by Sir Francis Hastings, who inherited the estate from his father in 1544. After his wife died in 1596 Hastings sold the court with the rest of the manor to Matthew Ewens. In 1910 the court was bought by Sir Archibald Langman.

Church of St Michael

The Church of St. Michael the Archangel in North Cadbury dates mostly from 1417, however the tower is from a few years earlier. It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade I listed building.

Sources
Sanders, I. J. English Baronies, A Study of their Origin & Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p. 68, "North Cadbury"
Newmarch, George Frederick & Newmarch, Charles H., The Newmarch Pedigree, Verified by Public Records, Authentic Manuscripts and General and Local Histories, Cirencester, 1868, p. 2. (lacks sources for assertions made)
Wiffen, J. H. Historical Memoirs of the House of Russell from the Time of the Norman Conquest, 1883. vol.1 (Confounds the family of Russell of KR with Russell ancestors of Dukes of Bedford, but otherwise contains excellent biographical research)

References

External links

Website for North Cadbury and Yarlington
Website for North Cadbury
Website for St. Michael's

Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset


The Jolly Waggoner (Roud # 1088) is an English folk-song.

Synopsis
A waggoner looks back on his life. His parents had disapproved of his choice of profession, but has no regrets. He can be cold and wet, but he simply stops at the next inn and  sits with the landlord, drinking. In the summer he hears the birds sing. In the autumn he has lots of work and the money rolls in. What a jolly life!

Lyrics
These lyrics are those used by The Yetties in their adaptation of this song from their 1997 album Folk Music of England.

When first I went a-waggoning, a-waggoning did go
It filled me poor old parents' hearts with sorrow, grief and woe
And many were the hardships that I did undergo

Chorus:
Sing woah, me lads, sing woah
Drive on, my lads, drive on
Who wouldn't be for all the world a jolly waggoner?

It is a cold and stormy night, I'm wet near to me skin
But I'll bear it with contentment until I get to the inn
And there I'll sit a-drinking with the landlord and his kin

Chorus

Now summer is a-coming on, what pleasures we shall see!
The small birds they'll be singing high up on every tree
The blackbirds and the thrushes, a-whistling merrily

Chorus

Now Michaelmas is coming on, what pleasures we shall see!
I'll make the gold to fly, me boys, like chaff before the breeze!
And every lad shall take his lass and sit her on his knee

Chorus

Well things is greatly altered now since wagons here was seen
The world's turned topsy-turvy, lads, and things is run by steam!
And the whole world passes before me just like a morning dream

Chorus (x2)

Commentary
Several websites say "This country song could date back to the time when waggons replaced packhorses". Most versions refer to the arrival of steam
"The world's turned topsy-turvy lads and things, is run by steam"
A date in the early nineteenth century therefore seems much more sensible than the eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century only the rich could afford to travel long distances. Most people would rarely travel more than a few miles from their house. This goes some way to explaining why the waggoner takes so much pleasure in travelling the countryside. The roadbuilding that took place in the late 18th century made travelling in a wheeled vehicle much more pleasurable. Those who were first to transport goods by road would make a quick profit. The waggoner can laugh at his parents for failing to spot this business opportunity.

Historical background
Ralph Vaughan Williams collected it from Edward Rose, landlord of the Bridge public house at Acle, Norfolk on Tuesday 14 April 1908. Alfred Williams collected it from David Sawyer of Ogborne, Upper Thames. Sabine Baring-Gould and Cecil Sharp also collected it. The distribution of the song appears to be confined to England, though an early broadsheet version comes from Dublin. Some sources say it is particularly popular in the west of England, though Kidson found it in Yorkshire, and Robert Bell found in Tyne and Wear.

Cultural relationships
As with most occupational folk songs, it is full of praise for his chosen way of life, and totally upbeat. This would be an ideal song for a traveller using a horse-drawn caravan, but there is no history of any traveller including it in his repertoire.

Standard references
 Roud 1088

Broadsides
J. F. Nugent and Co (Dublin) (1860–1899)

Other printed versions

"Ancient Poems, Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England" ed by Robert Bell (1857)
 Frank Kidson found it in Yorkshire
 "A Garland of Country Songs" by S Baring Gould and H Fleetwood Shepherd (probably collected between 1888 and 1917)
(Sabing Baring-Gould noted it from James Oliver of Launceton)
Alfred Williams "Folk songs of the Upper Thames" song dated c 1914-16
"Twice 44 Sociable Songs" by Geoffrey Shaw (1928)
"The Oxford Song Book" vol 2 (1963)
"Everyman's Book of English Country Songs" ed by Roy Palmer. (1979)

Recordings

There are many pubs called "Jolly Waggoner", for example
- Ardley, Hertfordshire
- Hounslow, Middlesex

References

External references
The Other Pages
mp3

English folk songs
19th-century songs
Year of song unknown


The Great Lakes Depression (, Ikh Nuuruudyn Khotgor), also called the Great Lakes' Hollow, is a large semi-arid depression in Mongolia that covers parts of the Uvs, Khovd, Bayan-Ölgii, Zavkhan and Govi-Altai aimags.  Bounded by the Altai in the West, Khangai in the East and Tannu-Ola Mountains in the North,
it covers the area of over  with elevations from .

Small northern parts of the depression are part of Russia.

The depression is named so because it contains six major Mongolian lakes: saline Uvs Nuur, Khyargas Nuur and Dörgön Nuur; and freshwater Khar-Us Nuur, Khar Nuur and Airag Nuur, as well as a number of smaller ones.  In addition, it includes  of solonchaks and large sandy areas.  Northern parts are dominated by arid steppes, and southern by semideserts or deserts. The major rivers are Khovd River, Zavkhan Gol, and Tesiin Gol.

Ecology
The depression is a major freshwater basin of Mongolia and contains important wetlands of Central Asia. The wetlands are based on the system of interconnected shallow lakes with wide reed belts within a generally desert steppe. The wetlands support a number of rare migrating birds: Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), black stork (Ciconia nigra), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), swan goose (Cygnopsis cygnoides), and bar-headed goose (Anser indicus). Only a few individuals of great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) remain in the Great Lakes Basin in Mongolia. They nest in catchment areas of rivers and lakes that have abundant fish and vegetation.

Although the total number of fish species in the region is low, a large percentage of those that do occur are endemic or near-endemic, especially from the genera Oreoleuciscus (Altai osmans), Thymallus (graylings) and Triplophysa (a stone loach genus).

References

External links
 Birdsview of the Great Lakes Depression computer visualization generated from satellite data, showing (from front to back) Dörgön Nuur, Khar Nuur, Khovd, Khyargas Nuur, and Uvs Nuur, as well as Üüreg Nuur left of Uvs Nuur. The green line on the left is the valley of the Khovd Gol with Khar-Us Nuur and Achit Nuur.

Depressions of Mongolia
Depressions of Russia


Vesa Ranta (born 20 July 1973) is a Finnish drummer. He was one of the original members of the metal bands Sentenced and The Man-Eating Tree. He is also a fine art photographer and was owner of the Nuclear Nightclub live music club and bar in downtown Oulu.

Discography

Studio albums
 Shadows of the Past (1991)
 North from Here (1993)
 Amok (1995)
 Down (1996)
 Frozen (1998)
 Crimson (2000)
 The Cold White Light (2002)
 The Funeral Album (2005)
  Vine (2010)
 Harvest (2011)
 In the Absence of Light (2015)

EPs
 The Trooper (1993)
 Love & Death (1995)

Live album
 Buried Alive (2 discs, 2006)

DVDs
 Buried Alive (2 discs, 2006)

Singles
 Killing Me Killing You (1999)
 No One There (2002)
 Ever-Frost (2005)
 Despair Ridden Hearts (2005)

 Compilation
 Story: A Recollection (1997)

 Demos
 When Death Joins Us... (1990)
 Rotting Ways to Misery (1991)
 Journey to Pohjola (1992)
 Demo 1994 (1994)

 Split albums
 Cronology of Death'' (1991)
 promo split MCD (2005)

References

Finnish drummers
1973 births
Living people
People from Muhos
Fine art photographers
21st-century drummers


The Kozani–Amyntaio railway line is a  (standard gauge)  long railway line of OSE connecting Kozani and Amyntaio in Greece. The line has been closed to passengers since 2010.

Course
The western terminus of the Kozani–Amyntaio railway is the Kozani. The line passes through the eastern side of Ptolemaida, the factories and mines of the Public Electricity Company and ends in the south of the city of Kozani. The line is  long and of normal width.

Stataions
The main stations on the Kozani–Amyntaio railway are:
 Amyntaio railway station
 Ptolemaida railway station
 Kozani railway station

History
Construction of the line for the former Hellenic State Railways started in January 1951 and was completed in 1954, with the inauguration on . It is a branch of the Thessaloniki–Bitola railway, which began operations in 1894. The line served the town of Ptolemaida, and connects to the lignite-fired power plants of Public Power Corporation (ΔΕΗ) at Komanos freight station. Its construction was completed in December 1954. The terminal station is in the southern part of the city of Kozani.

Initially, the line was planned to be part of the Kalambaka-Grevena-Kozani railway line. In 1925, the construction of that line that would connect Kalambaka with Kozani began with awarding the contract to the Belgian company "Société commerciale de Belgique". The crash of 1929, however, led to a serious financial crisis in Greece, with the result that the Belgian company never completed it due to non-payment by the Greek government. After the Second World War, it was decided to connect Kozani to the railway network through Amyntaio and the original plan for a connection with Thessaly was abandoned. Industrial branch lines connect to the PPC power plants of Ptolemais and Agios Dimitrios, normally used by freight trains carrying light fuel oil. Another branch line to the former fertilizer plant of AEVAL is disused. The line is also used by freight trains carrying sugar beats from the Hellenic Sugar Industry factory to Platy.

Renovations were carried out between 2003 and 2007 on 22 January 2007, it was reopened with three trains daily, which departed from Kozani, arriving in Thessaloniki in three hours (instead of four hours before the renovation).

From 1 August 2009, the passenger services were reduced to only one train per day and the passenger services were withdrawn completely in 2010, as part of the reorganization of Trainose, and under the pretext that the line was considered unprofitable, depriving the prefecture of Kozani and the cities of Ptolemaida and Kozani of a rail connection. Indicatively, it was mentioned that the journey from Kozani to Thessaloniki took 3 hours with the IC 60/61 Pavlos Melas, while with the KTEL buses, via Egnatia Odos the journey took 1.5 hours). Infrequent freight trains still use the line to reach the PPC power-generating stations.

Service
In 2007 services resumed after repairs were carried out on the trackbed. In 2009 services were reduced to one train per day. In 2010, services were suspended as part of the reorganization of Trainose, and under the pretext that the line was considered unprofitable, depriving the prefecture of Kozani and the cities of Ptolemaida and Kozani of rail communication. Indicatively, it was mentioned that the journey from Kozani to Thessaloniki lasted 3 hours with the IC 60/61 Pavlos Melas, while with the KTEL buses, via Egnatia Odos it is 1.5 hours).

For the expansion of D.E.H. 's lignite mines, since January 2014, the line has been cut between the AEVAL and Pontokomi areas for a length of approximately . In 2019 the Special Urban Development Study of the Kozani Railway Station was approved. however passenger services have yet to recommence.

See also

 Hellenic Railways Organisation

References

Further reading

Railway lines in Greece
Standard gauge railways in Greece


National Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA;  Da Afġanistan Mīlī Radīo Telvizoon,  Rādīo Telvizoon-e Mīlī-e Afġānestān, branded as ملی (meaning national)) is the public-broadcasting organization of Afghanistan, based in Kabul. This governmental organ has a national television station (Afghanistan National Television) and a radio station (Radio Afghanistan) as well as news media. As of August 16, 2023, Yousef Ahmadi serves as the acting Director General of RTA. His predecessor was Atiqullah Azizi, who held the position since September 2021.

History
Radio Afghanistan started with Radio Kabul in 1925 (1304 by the Afghan calendar), during the era of King Amanullah Khan. Two radio transmitters with the capacity of 400 watts were procured from the German company of Telefunken, one of those has been installed on Koti Londoni near the bridge of Artel  which subsequently started to its operation and the second one had been transferred to Kandahar which on that period the musical programs and news were only being broadcast for few hours. Television broadcasting facilities and studios were constructed in 1976 with grant aid from Japan, and the television broadcasts started on 19 August 1978.

Radio Television Afghanistan has regional sub-stations for all provinces of Afghanistan which operate radio services, and in some provinces, basic television at a provincial level. They broadcast material produced at a provincial level, interspersed with news bulletins distributed by the Kabul-based news desk. These stations are usually closely affiliated with the provincial governors' offices. Broadcast content includes high volumes of government messaging.

Gallery

See also
 Bakhtar News Agency
 Mass media in Afghanistan

References

 Sat Updates

External links

 RTA Dari YouTube channel
 RTA Pashto YouTube channel

Mass media in Afghanistan
Pashto mass media
Pashto-language television stations
Persian-language television stations
Multilingual broadcasters
Television channels and stations established in 1974
Radio stations established in 1925
Publicly funded broadcasters
Soviet foreign aid


Pete Samples is the electronic music project and professional name of Canadian musician Brent Freedman, a Winnipeg and Montreal-based solo artist and a multi-instrumentalist.

Early life
Freedman's mother was a clothing designer. Originally from Winnipeg, he began experimenting  with electronic music, and moved to Montreal, where he studied fine art at Concordia University in Montreal.

Career

Freedman began performing and recording under the name Pete Samples. Samples' first album, An Unsent Letter, was released in 2004, and his second album, Yours Makes Mine, was released in 2007. Yours Makes Mine charted at number 10 for the year of 2007 on the !Earshot National Campus and Community Radio Association electronic charts.

In 2008, Samples released a mini-album, "The Jumper Cables". which appeared on the Electronica Top 50 charts. In 2010, the project's single "Bekonscot" was played regularly on campus and community radio. That year Samples performed at the Halifax Pop Explosion.

Freedman and his wife Robin McMillan moved from Montreal to Vancouver, where he began experimenting with woodworking creating small wooden furniture models in his home studio.

A final album, Bekonscot, for which Freedmanm as Pete Samples, wrote all of the songs, was created by recording and layering in his singing and playing of various instruments. In line with his shift in focus toward designing in wood, the album was packaged with photographs of his wooden furniture models and designs. In 2011 Samples toured with Rich Aucoin, including a performance in Ottawa.

By 2013, Freedman's career as Pete Samples was in hiatus. He and McMillan concentrated on opening a furniture design company called Gamla in Vancouver, specializing in pieces suitable for apartment and condo-sized spaces. They later moved to Bowen Island, where Freedman set up a workshop and studio.

Discography
 Unsent Letters (2004)
 Northern Faction 3 Compilation (2005)
 Fear of a Digital Planet Compilation (2006)
 Yours Makes Mine (2007)
 The Jumper Cables (2008) Limited 200 made
 Bekonscot (2010)

References

External links
 Pete Samples profile at CBC Radio 3
 "Pete Samples - Artistes" Bande à part  (fr)

Canadian electronic music groups
Musical groups from Winnipeg
Musical groups established in 1994
1994 establishments in Manitoba


15 pounder can refer to several British and US weapon systems:

Ordnance BL 15 pounder
Ordnance BLC 15 pounder
Ordnance QF 15 pounder
3-inch gun M1903, also M1898 and M1902 seacoast guns


Early Days is a compilation album of recordings by The Watersons, released in 1994.

These recordings come from New Voices (an anthology) (1965), The Watersons (1966) and A Yorkshire Garland (1966). There is a guitar on tracks 8, 10 and 11. Although it seems totally unremarkable now, at the time these recordings were made, The Watersons looked radical. Their appearance on stage was totally blue-collar and without any kind of showmanship. "Rap Her to Bank" is a previously unreleased track recorded in 1966.

Track listing
All songs Traditional; except where indicated
 "Boston Harbour"
 "Greenland Whale Fisheries"
 "Three Score and Ten"
 "The Broom of Cowdenknowes"
 "King Arthur's Servants"
 "Rap Her to Bank"
 "Dido, Bendigo"
 "The North Country Maid"
 "Brave Woolfe"
 "The Jolly Waggoners"
 "I Am a Rover"
 "Fathom the Bowl"
 "The Thirty-Foot Trailer" (Ewan MacColl)
 "The Holmfrith Anthem"
 "Twanky-Dillo"
 "The White Hare of Howden"
 "All For Me Grog"
 "The Poacher's Fate"
 "The Tour of the Dales"
 "Willy Went to Westerdale"
 "L'Anson's Racehorse"
 "The Ploughboy"
 "The White Cockade"
 "Ye Noble Spectators"
 "Stow Brow"
 "The Wanton Wife of Canongate"
 "The Whitby Lad"

Personnel
 Norma Waterson - vocals
 Mike Waterson - vocals
 Elaine Waterson - vocals
 John Harrison - vocals

References

The Watersons albums
Albums produced by Bill Leader
1994 compilation albums


The Purgatoire River (), also known as the Purgatory and Picketwire River, is in southeastern Colorado, United States. The river originates in the high mountains of the Culebra Range. Several tributaries merge near Weston in Las Animas County and the river flows east-northeastward   to a confluence with the Arkansas River near Las Animas in Bent County, Colorado. The Purgatoire River drains an area of , most of which is in Colorado but a small percentage of the watershed is in New Mexico. The Purgatoire River watershed is lightly populated. Population has been declining since 1920 as former coal mining and agricultural communities have become ghost towns.

Geography

The Purgatoire River rises in the Culebra Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains reaching an elevation of  at Culebra Peak. The river, formed by many upstream tributaries, flows eastwards for about  through the mountains and foothills to Trinidad at an elevation of  where it turns to the northeast and flows across the Great Plains through several canyons it has cut through the bedrock. It empties into the John Martin Reservoir and the Arkansas River near the town of Las Animas at an elevation of . The Purgatoire River watershed has an area of . 96.4% of the watershed is in Colorado and the remainder is in New Mexico. Average annual precipitation ranges from  in the Culebra Range to  near its mouth. Ground cover in the watershed consists of 18.4 percent evergreen forest at higher elevations, 20.0 percent shrub and scrub at medium elevations, and 55.7 percent steppe grassland at lower elevations. The remaining 5.9 percent is mostly under cultivation, developed, or barren rock above timberline.

Most of the water in the Purgatoire originates from melting snow at higher elevations. The flow of the river is highly variable depending upon the season, averaging about 60 cubic feet per second (cfs). Periods of zero water flow have been recorded near Thatcher, Colorado and the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, a large (in area) U.S. army base on the west side of the river.

The Purgatoire River watershed is lightly populated and its population has been declining for almost 100 years. Las Animas County in which most of the watershed is located has seen its population drop by more than 60 percent since 1930. Two towns, Trinidad and Las Animas, are located near the river. Many former coal mining and agricultural communities, now ghost towns, are in the watershed.

History and Etymology

The River with Five Names
The Purgatoire River, also known as Rio de las Ánimas, has had multiple names. It was named by New Mexican Governor Antonio Valverde y Cosío in 1719 during his exploration of the region. Valverde named it "Rio de las Ánimas," meaning "River of the Spirits," as a warning to subsequent explorers of the dangers of crossing the nearby Ratón Pass. Surviving the crossing, they found water and firewood at the river.  Over time, the true meaning of the river's name became lost, and various interpretations emerged. By the end of the 18th-century Spanish traders believed it to be "Rio de las Ánimas en Purgatorio," or "River of the Souls in Purgatory," after a supposed massacre that occurred on its banks. This led to the birth of a legend of the same name that explained its history.  French trappers learned the name and later translated it as "Rivière des âmes au Purgatoire." They related their translation to members of the Stephen H. Long expedition in 1820  who renamed it "Purgatory Creek" by removing all references to souls.  Mexican traders on the old Santa Fe Trail expanded on the legend and named the river "Rio de las Ánimas Perdidas en Purgatorio," or "River of the Souls Lost in Purgatory," believing the souls to have become lost. Mountain Men had difficulty pronouncing the French translation and called it "Picatoire," while Anglophone settlers during the Colorado Gold Rush anglicized it to "Picketwire," despite the river having no relation to any fence.

Depending on the language spoken, the river had five different names - Ánimas, Purgatorio, Purgatoire, Purgatory, and Picketwire - by the end of the 19th century. On December 6, 1911, the US Board on Geographic Names resolved the naming issue by selecting the French translation "Purgatoire" as the official name of the river.

Despite the various misinterpretations and name changes, the Las Animas-Purgatoire River remains an essential symbol of Colorado's history and legends as it is one of the state's oldest continuously named rivers, spanning over 300 years. Ironically, most locals today refer to it simply as "Purgatory" due to the difficulties associated with pronouncing the full name.

Settlement
In 1598 when the Spanish first settled in New Mexico, the Purgatoire River was the home of the Jicarilla Apache. The Southern Utes also frequented the area and after 1700 the Comanche occupied the Great Plains of southeastern Colorado. Several Spanish expeditions passed through the Purgatoire region. In 1821, American traders pioneered a trading route called the Santa Fe Trail to New Mexico. The Mountain Branch of the trail crossed the Purgatoire watershed near Trinidad and went through Raton Pass. In 1841, the south bank of the Purgatoire from the crest of the Sangre de Cristos extending eastward almost to the future site of Trinidad were part of the Maxwell Land Grant awarded to Lucien Maxwell by the New Mexican government. In 1846, New Mexico was conquered by the United States.

The first settlers arrived in the Purgatoire valley in the late 1850s or early 1860s. In the 19th century, 90 percent of the settlers in the Purgatoire watershed were Hispanics.<ref name="Church"> Chapter Seven of Archaeological Landscapes on the High Plains.</ref> Severe winters and drought forced many of the original settlers out of the region in the 1880s and the region was sparsely populated until the 1910s when an era began of large ranches on the Great Plains portion of the Purgatoire watershed.  Coal mining began at Starkville in 1865 and soon became the major economic activity in the hilly and mountainous country west of Trinidad.  By the early 1900s the coal mines in the Purgatoire watershed employed thousands of men, most of them born in southern and eastern Europe. Collectively they were called "Slavs." Labor disputes, unsafe working conditions, and diminishing demand for coal caused most of the mines to shut down after World War I (1914-1918). Most of the former coal mining towns were abandoned.

The population of Las Animas County (in which most of the watershed is located) declined from 38,975 in 1920 to 14,535 in 2020.

PCMS
The Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS), belonging to the U.S. Army, comprises a large land area used for seasonal maneuvers and training exercises. It is located along the western bank of the Purgatoire River.  Plans to expand the base aroused the opposition of local ranchers and citizen groups. On November 25, 2013, the U.S. Army announced that it had abandoned its plan to expand the PCMS.
Near the PCMS is the Purgatoire River track site, one of the largest dinosaur fossil track sites in North America.  The site is located on public land of the Comanche National Grassland, along the Purgatoire River south of La Junta in Otero County.

Cultural references
The river is frequently referred to as the Picketwire River in the film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and once in the film True Grit (2010). This is a folk-etymologizing anglophone phonological approximation of the French pronunciation , developed by English-speaking settlers who later came to the area.

The Purgatoire River is referenced in the 2017 Netflix miniseries Godless. It is also mentioned as the Purgatory in the Pulitzer Prize winning book Lonesome Dove'' by Larry McMurtry, as the place where the renegade Blue Duck goes into hiding.

See also
List of rivers in Colorado
Purgatoire River track site
Comanche National Grassland

References

Rivers of Colorado
Tributaries of the Arkansas River
Rivers of Las Animas County, Colorado
Rivers of Bent County, Colorado


Heime (German), Háma (), or Heimir (Old Norse) was a Germanic figure in Germanic heroic legend who often appears together with his friend Witige. He appears in the Anglo-Saxon poems Beowulf and Widsith, in the Scandinavian Þiðrekssaga and in German epics such as Alpharts Tod.

Origins
Since Wudga is based on a Gothic hero named Vidigoia, it is possible that Hama has a similar origin, and the Anglo-Saxon poem Widsith talks of Hama and Wudga as Gothic warriors fighting against the Huns in the Vistula forests, where the Goths had an early settlement. Later, during the evolution of the legends, the two heroes were connected with both the Gothic kings Ermanaric and Theodoric the Great, and they were increasingly presented as traitors; it is as traitors that they appear in the Þiðrekssaga.

Adventures
According to the Þiðrekssaga, Heime was originally named Studas and named so after his father. However, he was renamed Heime after the fierce dragon he defeated in the forest.  In the Middle High German Dietrich cycle, he is the son of a Madelger or Adelger of Lamparten, and he appears either as a duke or as a giant with several hands or elbows, a trait which also appears in the Swedish version of the Þiðrekssaga. Heime has an excellent weapon named Blutgang and a famous horse called Rispa. When Theodoric is only 12 years old and Heime is 17, Heime leaves his home to challenge Theodoric in a duel. In the fight, Heime's sword, Blutgang, is destroyed and Theodoric's helmet shattered. Heime loses the duel, and swears allegiance to Theodoric. Later, when Theodoric wins the sword Eckesachs, he gives his old sword Nagelring to Heime. Heime is among Theodoric's twelve men who help him fight against Isung.

In the German poems, Heime is bought over by Ermanaric and so abandons Theodoric. This is not mentioned in Þiðrekssaga, but on the other hand it relates that Heime and his comrade Widga (Wudga) fight for Ermanaric. This pairing of Widga and Heime is also mentioned in Widsith. In Alpharts Tod, Witege (Wudga) is rescued from Alphart (Hildebrand's kinsman) by Heime. By dishonourably fighting two against one, Heime and Wudga kill Alphart.

The Þiðrekssaga has Heime spend his last years in a monastery where he calls himself Ludwig. When a giant named Aspilian threatens the monastery, Heime dons his armour again and kills the giant. He fails to return to his life as a monk because Theodoric calls him back and wants his services again. Heime then returns to the monastery in order to demand taxes from the monks, but when he does not receive anything, he kills every monk inside it and burns it down. Heime then has to fight a second giant, but loses and is killed. He is avenged by Theodoric. According to German sources, Heime is buried near Innsbruck at a monastery called Wilten.

King Heimir
In Grípisspá, Helreið Brynhildar and the Völsunga saga there is a Heimir, and although the accounts of this Heimir have nothing in common with the traditions mentioned above, they have been presented as the same character. This Heimir is the king of Hlymdalir, the maternal uncle of Brynhildr and foster-father, or spouse, of Brynhildr's sister Bekkhildr.  He is also the foster-father of Aslaug, Brynhildr's daughter with Sigurd (Sigfried). As the Burgundians wanted to kill the little child, he kept her hidden in a harp and wandered as a minstrel until he arrived in Spangereid in Norway, where he was murdered in his sleep by Áki and Grima, who believed that Heimir kept valuables in the harp.

See also
The Four Sons of Aymon

References

Bibliography
Haymes, Edward R. and Susann T. Samples. Heroic Legends of the North: An Introduction to the Nibelung and Dietrich Cycles. New York: Garland. 1996, p 151.

Dietrich von Bern cycle
Germanic heroic legends
Legendary Norsemen


Patrick Paul van der Eem (born 1973; Curaçao) is a Dutch Antillean  and convicted drug dealer known for his part in the undercover television report about Joran van der Sloot that was produced by Dutch crime reporter Peter R. de Vries. The program set a Dutch television viewing record and renewed attention in the ongoing investigation of the 2005 disappearance of American student Natalee Holloway in Aruba.

Background
Patrick van der Eem is the son of Leon van der Eem, a former operator of nine McDonald's franchises. The younger van der Eem was convicted twice on drug charges and has been blocked from entering the United States because of his criminal record. According to van der Eem in 2008, he had only received traffic tickets since his last drug offense in 1995. In 2003, van der Eem opened a Pirtek franchise which repairs hydraulic hoses. A company spokesperson stated that van der Eem's 7-person organization is the best operated in the Benelux region.

Van der Eem has a visible scar on his left cheek which he says is a "boca grande" inflicted on him by criminals in retaliation for being an informant. However, he had told his CEO Martin Melkert that the scar was the result of a car accident.

Joran van der Sloot undercover video

On February 3, 2008, SBS 6 aired a program produced by de Vries in which one time Dutch suspect Joran van der Sloot discusses his knowledge of the Natalee Holloway case with van der Eem while riding in a car which contained hidden cameras. Van der Sloot is seen in the tape smoking marijuana. Van der Eem later said that he regularly used cocaine in front of van der Sloot over a seven-month period to retain his trust. The broadcast was watched by 7 million viewers in the Netherlands and was the most popular non-sports program in Dutch television history. Van der Eem was paid €25,000 for his work on the undercover report.

In an exclusive interview with ABC News, van der Eem said that he first met van der Sloot in a Dutch casino in Nijmegen. Without introduction, he said, "Hey murderer!" in Papiamento, the language of Aruba, to gain van der Sloot's attention. Van der Eem said that he was "totally convinced Joran is telling the truth" in the recordings. Van der Eem said that ABC paid US$830,000 to secure the rights to broadcast the program in the United States.

Aruban prosecutor Hans Mos said that he took the "very impressive" taped account "very seriously" and that he would reopen the investigation. However, the evidence was deemed insufficient to warrant re-arrest. Although the taped confession appeared damning, van der Sloot argued that he was lying to impress van der Eem, who he believed to be a drug dealer.

Media coverage of van der Eem
Early in March 2008, van der Eem himself was secretly taped after giving an interview for the Aruban television program Un Dia den Bida (One Day in Life) with John Anthony "Poentje" Castro. Van der Eem continued talking candidly, under the assumption that cameras had been turned off. Van der Eem disclosed that he had been a friend of van der Sloot for years, contradicting his statement on the de Vries program that he had just met van der Sloot in 2007. Van der Eem said that he expected to become a millionaire from his involvement in the Holloway case. He said that he knew the person who supposedly disposed of Holloway's body and that van der Sloot had asked him for two thousand euros to buy the man's silence. According to Dutch news service Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau, van der Eem, who had signed a book deal, "was furious" after learning of the taping and "threatened" the interviewer, who sought legal advice. Castro was requested by the Aruban Justice Department to refrain from broadcasting any material that could compromise the Holloway case.
Castro himself was assassinated in front of his own home in December 2010. The police have had no success in linking this cold case to van der Eem.

In December 2008, van der Eem was arrested in Arnhem, Netherlands for attacking his girlfriend with a crowbar and driving erratically while evading police. He claimed to be under the influence of drugs at the time and was sentenced to 30 hours of community service.

Book

Van der Eem collaborated with author Elizabeth E. Byars to write Overboord: hoe ik Joran van der Sloot aan het praten kreeg (Overboard: how I got Joran van der Sloot to talk), an autobiographical non-fiction book that was first published in Dutch on June 25, 2008, by TM, an imprint of FMB uitgevers. The book became a best seller in the Netherlands and was later published in English as an eBook under the title Disposed: One Man's Journey to Uncover the Truth. De Vries wrote the introduction to the book in which van der Eem covers his past as a drug addict and dealer and recounts his experience with van der Sloot with transcripts of the undercover video.

Trivia
In December 2008, van der Eem was briefly arrested after being reported for the abuse of his girlfriend with a crowbar. In August 2009, he was arrested in Aruba for failing to pay his Radisson Hotel bill and threatening the personnel. It was alleged that he had also failed to pay his bill in three other hotels.  It was also reported he was in possession of cocaine.

In June 2011, van der Eem was arrested during a traffic police check on the A12 highway in the Netherlands.

In the 2009 American  television show ‘Homeland Security USA’ S01E05, van der Eem is featured where he is refused entry into the US because of his criminal past.

2013 Sentencing
On May 3, 2013, van der Eem was sentenced by the Arnhem District Court to serve twelve months in prison. The reason for his punishment was his co-perpetration in a ram-raiding in Oosterbeek stealing ski clothing with a value of approximately 30.000 euro as well as handling stolen goods by using a stolen Volkswagen Caddy for a covert transport of the clothes.

See also
Aruba: The Tragic Untold Story of Natalee Holloway and Corruption in Paradise by Dave Holloway
De zaak Natalee Holloway by Joran van der Sloot
Loving Natalee: A Mother's Testament of Hope and Faith by Beth Holloway

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Dutch drug traffickers
20th-century Dutch criminals
21st-century Dutch criminals
Curaçao writers
Curaçao businesspeople


Kevin Hart (born 1979) is an American actor and comedian.

Kevin Hart may also refer to:

Kevin Hart (baseball) (born 1982), American baseball player
Kevin Hart (footballer) (1927–2016), Australian rules footballer
Kevin Hart (poet) (born 1954), Australian poet and critic
Pro Hart (Kevin Charles Hart, 1928–2006), Australian painter


The 2008 Formula 3 Euro Series season was the sixth championship year of Europe's premier Formula Three series. The season was dominated by 21-year-old German Nico Hülkenberg, who won seven of the season's ten feature races amassing 76 of his total of 85 championship points on Saturday afternoons. He won the championship by 35.5 points from early frontrunner Edoardo Mortara as the 2007's rookie cup winner's season somewhat tailed off after the Norisring, scoring just 9.5 points in the final twelve races compared to Hülkenberg's 60. Jules Bianchi's strong finish to the season, including a win in the final race at Hockenheim and coupled with Renger van der Zande's fifth place and Mika Mäki's ninth place, it allowed the 2008 Ultimate Masters winner to finish third in the championship, a point ahead of both van der Zande and Mäki.

Drivers and teams

Driver changes
 Changed Teams
 Yann Clairay: Signature-Plus → SG Formula
 Dani Clos: Signature-Plus → Prema Powerteam
 Tom Dillmann: ASM Formule 3 → SG Formula
 James Jakes: Manor Motorsport → ART Grand Prix
 Franck Mailleux: Manor Motorsport → Signature-Plus

 Entering/Re-Entering Formula 3 Euro Series
 Jules Bianchi: French Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (SG Formula) → ART Grand Prix
 Sam Bird: British Formula 3 Championship (Carlin Motorsport) → Manor Motorsport
 Niall Breen: British Formula 3 Championship (Carlin Motorsport) → Manor Motorsport
 Daniel Campos-Hull: Formula BMW ADAC (Eifelland Racing) →  HBR Motorsport
 Cong Fu Cheng: British Formula 3 Championship National Class (Performance Racing Europe AB) → RC Motorsport
 Stefano Coletti: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Epsilon Euskadi) → Signature-Plus
 Peter Elkmann: Sabbatical →  RC Motorsport
 Rodolfo González: British Formula 3 Championship (T-Sport) → Carlin Motorsport
 Erik Janiš: FIA GT3 European Championship (S-Berg Racing) → Mücke Motorsport
 Brendon Hartley: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Epsilon Red Bull Team) → RC Motorsport
 Charlie Kimball: Formula Renault 3.5 Series (Victory Engineering) → Prema Powerteam
 Jens Klingmann: Formula BMW ADAC (Eifelland Racing) →  RC Motorsport
 Michael Klein: German Formula Three Championship Throphy Class (HS Technik Motorsport) → Jo Zeller Racing
 Jon Lancaster: French Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (SG Formula) → ART Grand Prix
 Mika Mäki: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Epsilon Red Bull Team) → Mücke Motorsport
 Oliver Oakes: Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Motopark Academy) → Carlin Motorsport
 Kazuya Oshima: All-Japan Formula Three Championship (Toyota Team Tom's) → Manor Motorsport
 Nelson Panciatici: French Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (SG Formula) → RC Motorsport
 Richard Philippe: Formula Renault 3.5 Series (Fortec Motorsport) → Carlin Motorsport
 Martin Plowman: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Prema Powerteam) → RC Motorsport
 Stéphane Richelmi: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Thierry Boutsen Racing) → Barazi-Epsilon
 Daniel Ricciardo: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (RP Motorsport) → SG Formula
 Koudai Tsukakoshi: All-Japan Formula Three Championship (Honda Team Real) → Manor Motorsport
 Christian Vietoris: German Formula Three Championship (Josef Kaufmann Racing) → Mücke Motorsport
 Frédéric Vervisch: German Formula Three Championship (JB Motorsport) → RC Motorsport
 Henkie Waldschmidt: Italian Formula Renault Championship & Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (Prema Powerteam) → SG Formula
 Robert Wickens: Atlantic Championship (Red Bull/Team Forsythe) → Signature-Plus

 Leaving Formula 3 Euro Series
 Sergey Afanasyev: HBR Motorsport → International Formula Master (JD Motorsport)
 Cyndie Allemann: Manor Motorsport → Firestone Indy Lights (American Spirit Racing)
 Sébastien Buemi: ASL Mücke Motorsport → GP2 Series (Trust Team Arden)
 Yelmer Buurman: Manor Motorsport → GP2 Series (Trust Team Arden)
 Carlo van Dam: RC Motorsport → All-Japan Formula Three Championship (Petronas Team Tom's)
 Michael Devaney: Ultimate Motorsport → British Formula 3 Championship (Ultimate Motorsport)
 Romain Grosjean: ASM Formule 3 → GP2 Series (ART Grand Prix)
 Esteban Guerrieri: Ultimate Motorsport → Formula Renault 3.5 Series (Ultimate Signature)
 Euan Hankey: HS Technik Motorsport → Sabbatical
 Michael Herck: Bas Leinders Junior Racing Team → GP2 Series (David Price Racing)
 Marco Holzer: AM-Holzer Rennsport → Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (UPS Porsche Junior Team)
 Kamui Kobayashi: ASM Formule 3 → GP2 Series (DAMS)
 Michael Patrizi: Prema Powerteam → V8 Supercars (Ford Rising Stars Racing)
 Edoardo Piscopo: ASL Mücke Motorsport → Italian Formula Three Championship (Team Ghinzani)
 Filip Salaquarda: HBR Motorsport → International Formula Master (Team ISR)
 Tim Sandtler: Jo Zeller Racing → International Formula Master (Team ISR)
 Harald Schlegelmilch: HS Technik Motorsport → International Formula Master (Trident Racing)
 Jonathan Summerton: RC Motorsport →  Atlantic Championship (Newman Wachs Racing)

Calendar

Season standings

Drivers Standings
Points are awarded as follows:

Note: In the second races at the Norisring, the Bugatti Circuit and the October Hockenheim meeting, due to insufficient distance covered, half points were awarded.

† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.

 Pole-winners in bold; race 1 pole-winners earn one point (not awarded at Pau or Brands).
 Drivers achieving fastest lap in italics. No points awarded.

Rookie Cup
Rookie drivers are only eligible for the Rookie Cup title if they have not previously competed in a national or international Formula 3 championship.

Team's standings

Nations Cup

Notes

References

Formula 3 Euro Series seasons
Euro Series
Formula 3 Euro Series


Onanie Bomb Meets the Sex Pistols is a compilation record by the Japanese noise rock band Boredoms, released in 1994 in both Japan and the United States. It combines the band's first album, Osorezan no Stooges Kyo, with its first EP, Anal by Anal. It was rereleased in 2004 by Very Friendly Records in the United Kingdom.

Track listing
"Wipe Out Shock Shoppers" – 0:21
"Boredom, Vs, Sdi" – 3:23
"We Never Sleep" – 2:10
"Bite My Bollocks" – 2:24
"Young Assouls" – 6:03
"Call Me God" – 3:18
"No Core Punk" – 1:11
"Lick'n Cock Boatpeople" – 5:11
"Melt Down Boogie" – 4:50
"Feedbackfuck" – 6:33
"Anal Eater" – 3:17
"God from Anal" – 3:09
"Born to Anal" – 2:42

References

1994 compilation albums
Boredoms albums
Reprise Records compilation albums
Warner Records compilation albums