Y11 may refer to:
 Y11 series, a car series of the Nissan Wingroad
 Gokokuji Station station number
 Harbin Y-11, a high wing twin-engine piston utility aircraft
 LNER Class Y11, a class of petrol powered 0-4-0 locomotives built by Motor Rail & Tram Car Company Limited
 Year Eleven, an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand
 French Republican Calendar/Y11


Peter Zelem (born 13 February 1962, Manchester) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. He played in The Football League for four clubs during the 1980s. He is the uncle of Manchester United and England midfielder Katie Zelem.

Playing career
Zelem began with Blackpool on schoolboy forms but was released and joined Chester as an apprentice. He made his debut in a 1–0 win over Carlisle United in August 1980, one of six first-team appearances he made during the 1980–81 season. His first goal arrived on the opening day of the following season against Bristol Rovers and he became a regular over the next few years. By the start of 1984–85 he was the longest serving player at Chester, but he moved midway through the season to Wolverhampton Wanderers for £12,500. Although this initially gave Zelem the chance to play in the Second Division, the club were rapidly sliding downwards and were in the Fourth Division by the time he linked up with former Chester manager John McGrath at Preston North End in March 1987. He had the distinction of scoring the first goal in the Fourth Division for Wolves, on 23 August 1986, in their 2–1 home defeat to Cambridge United on the opening day of the league season.

He helped Preston to promotion before joining Burnley in the summer of 1987. After an injury hit two years at Turf Moor, Zelem left the club and joined non-league side Winsford United. He then moved on to Ashton United, but injury forced him to retire from playing. Away from football he has worked as a contract cleaner with his twin brother Alan (a former goalkeeper with Macclesfield Town)..

Zelem was the first post-war Football League player to have a surname beginning with a Z, first appearing the season before Romeo Zondervan joined Ipswich Town.

Personal life
His brother Alan was also a professional footballer, a goalkeeper for Macclesfield Town; while his niece is the England Lionesses footballer Katie Zelem.

External links
Burnley career stats

Bibliography

References

1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Manchester
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
English Football League players
Chester City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Winsford United F.C. players
Ashton United F.C. players


Feuerwasser is the debut solo album by German rapper Curse.

Track listing
  "Zehn Rap Gesetze"
  "Was Ist"
  "Wahre Liebe"
  "Leavin' Las Vegas" feat. Der Klan
  "Ladykiller"
  "Entwicklungshilfe"
  "Unter 4 Augen"
  "Séance" feat. The Arsonists, Shabazz the Disciple and Stieber Twins
  "Hassliebe"
  "Kaspaklatsche" feat. Der Klan
  "Weserwasser"
  "Auf Uns Ist Verlass" feat. Tone
  "Licht & Schatten" feat. J-Luv
  "Schlußstrich"

References

2000 albums
German-language albums
Jive Records albums


Events during the year 2009 in  Northern Ireland.

Incumbents
 First Minister - Peter Robinson
 deputy First Minister - Martin McGuiness
 Secretary of State - Shaun Woodward

Events
23 January – The seventh plenary meeting of the North/South Ministerial Council is held at the University of Ulster at Magee, Derry.
27 January – Environment Minister Sammy Wilson grants the National Trust planning permission for a new visitors' centre at the Giant's Causeway.
January - 300 lb car bomb, is abandoned outside Castlewellan. It had been destined for the British Army base at Ballykinler. Óglaigh na hÉireann, claimed responsibility for the attack.
7 March – 2009 Massereene Barracks shooting: British Army soldiers, Patrick Azimkar (21) and Mark Quinsey (23), are shot dead by the Real Irish Republican Army outside Massereene Barracks, Antrim.
9 March – Police Service of Northern Ireland officer, Stephen Paul Carroll (48), is shot dead by the Continuity Irish Republican Army at Lismore Manor, Craigavon, the first PSNI victim since the service's establishment under this name.
17 March – First Minister Peter Robinson and deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness have discussions with US President Barack Obama at the White House in Washington, D.C.
6 May – Belfast International Airport announces a £10million investment in improving facilities at the airport, to be completed by summer 2010.
24 May – Kevin McDaid (49) dies following an assault by loyalists at Somerset Drive, Coleraine.
8 June – Sinn Féin's Bairbre de Brún tops the poll in the European Parliamentary election in Northern Ireland. Jim Nicholson of the Ulster Conservatives and Unionists and Diane Dodds of the DUP are also elected.
1 July – Robin Newton, a Democratic Unionist Party MLA, is sworn is as a Junior Minister in the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister, replacing Jeffrey Donaldson.
12 July – The Orange Order holds three "flagship" parades in Banbridge, Bangor and Larne. For the first time, most shops in Belfast city centre were open.
12 July – In north Belfast a shot is fired at police by republicans during disturbances following Orange Order parades, two police officers are injured in Belfast and water cannon is used and baton rounds fired to disperse rioters.
13–16 August - Belfast Maritime Festival. Belfast is a host port of the Tall Ships Atlantic Challenge.
11 October – Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) announces that its armed struggle is over and that it will pursue its objectives through an exclusively peaceful political struggle.
21 November – Dissident republicans are blamed for leaving a 400 lb car bomb outside the Policing Board's headquarters in Belfast. It only partially exploded.

Arts and literature
16–31 October - 47th Ulster Bank Belfast Festival at Queen's.

Sport
1 February – Rory McIlroy claims his first professional golf tournament win at the Dubai Desert Classic.
4 – 13 April - Junior and Cadet World Fencing Championships 2009, Belfast.
26 July – 2 August - World Dwarf Games 2009, Belfast.
26 September – Kris Meeke from Dungannon wins the Intercontinental Rally Challenge title after victory in the Rallye Sanremo in Italy.
26 November – Rowing coach Bobby Platt from Coleraine is BBC Sports 2009 Unsung Hero for Northern Ireland.
8 December – Kris Meeke is awarded the Autosport Rookie of the Year award.

Football
World Cup 2010 Qualifiers
11 February - San Marino 0-3 Northern Ireland
28 March - Northern Ireland 3-2 Poland
1 April - Northern Ireland 1-0 Slovenia
5 September - Poland 1-1 Northern Ireland
9 September - Northern Ireland 0-2 Slovakia
14 October - Czech Republic 0-0 Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finishing 4th in their group behind the Czech Republic.

GAA
19 July - Tyrone defeat Antrim 1-18 to 0-15 to win the Ulster Senior Football Championship 2009.

Deaths
1 January – John Morrow, Presbyterian minister and peace activist (born 1931)
7 April – Paddy O'Hanlon, barrister and SDLP politician (born 1944)
31 December – John Cushnie, gardener and broadcaster (born 1943)
31 December – Cardinal Cahal Daly, philosopher, theologian and writer (born 1917)
31 December – Helen Lewis, dance teacher and choreographer (born 1916)

See also
2009 in England
2009 in Scotland
2009 in Wales

References


Dolphin Reef is a horseshoe-shaped sea-pen where bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Eilat in the northern-eastern Red Sea near the city of Eilat in southern Israel swim in and out of.  It is a major tourist attraction in this area.

History
The Dolphin Reef opened its doors in 1990. The site is home to Black Sea bottlenose dolphins that are not trained to perform and there are no dolphin shows, but they are able to interact freely with human visitors. The dolphins, known for their curiosity and friendliness, approach the observation posts and floating piers, and swim alongside the people who snorkel and dive there.

The sea-pen covers an area of , and is enclosed with buoyed nets. It is an average of  deep. The eastern side has a steeply sloping wall profile, giving way to a sandy slope. Many species of fish can be found in the area. Angelfish, butterflyfish, cuttlefish, bluespotted and blackspotted stingrays are common.

The Dolphin Reef Dive Center offers individual and group diving tours, as well as special therapy sessions for the disabled and seminars on animal and dolphin behavior.

See also
Tourism in Israel
Wildlife of Israel

References

External links
 www.dolphinreef.co.il (official website)

Reefs of the Red Sea
Reefs of the Indian Ocean
Dolphinariums


Abdelilah Bagui (; born 17 February 1978) is a  Moroccan former footballer.

Bagui played for FC Spartak Moscow and FC Rostov in the Russian Premier League.

Career statistics

International

Statistics accurate as of match played 12 January 2008

References

External links
Profile at kawkabi.com

1978 births
Living people
Moroccan men's footballers
Morocco men's international footballers
Footballers from Fez, Morocco
Maghreb de Fès players
FC Spartak Moscow players
Raja CA players
FC Rostov players
KAC Marrakech players
Chabab Rif Al Hoceima players
Olympic Safi players
Kénitra AC players
Botola players
Russian Premier League players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
Moroccan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Moroccan expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Men's association football goalkeepers


Would Be Kings is a Canadian television mini-series directed by David Wellington, which aired on CTV on January 27 and January 28, 2008.

Plot

Based loosely on Shakespeare's play King Henry IV (part 1), Patrick Lehane (Currie Graham) and Jamie Collins (Ben Bass) are cops. They are also cousins and Patrick is Jamie's boss. Patrick is the "by-the-books" cop while Jamie is the always-breaking-the-rules type of cop who is also dealing with a drug addiction. As their relationship comes to a crossroads, Jamie is forced to clean up his act and Patrick gets involved in questionable police work which leads to dirty money and murder. He also has a wife (Natasha Henstridge) and daughter (Clare Stone) to protect.

Production
The miniseries was filmed in Hamilton, Ontario, in 2006.

Awards

References

External links

2008 films
2008 Canadian television series debuts
CTV Television Network original programming
Television shows based on plays
Films directed by David Wellington
2000s Canadian television miniseries
2008 Canadian television series endings
2000s Canadian crime drama television series
English-language Canadian films


Abdessamad Chahiri (born 17 May 1982) is an international Moroccan footballer who plays for Olympique Khouribga.

He transferred to FAR Rabat from Difaa El Jadida in summer 2008.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Moroccan men's footballers
Morocco men's international footballers
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
Raja CA players
AS FAR (football club) players
Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi players
Olympique Club de Khouribga players
Men's association football defenders


David Owen (1754 – December 10, 1829) was a judge, land owner and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Charlotte County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1796 to 1802.

He was born in Wales, the son of Owen Owen and Anne Davies. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was Senior Wrangler in 1777 and received his M.A. degree in 1780. He was ordained a deacon for the Church of England in 1778, served as a chaplain in the Royal Navy and was ordained to the priesthood in 1787. In 1767, with his uncle William Owen and his two brothers, Owen had been granted land on Passamaquoddy Outer Island (renamed Campobello Island in 1770).

In 1787, some time after the death of his uncle, Owen came to the island to manage the family's interests. He was named justice of the peace and a judge for the Court of General Sessions and the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. Owen lobbied unsuccessfully to have Campobello Island and several nearby islands declared a separate county from Charlotte. He died on Campobello Island in 1829 and was buried in the family vault in Wales.

References

 Smith, Joshua M., Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783–1820 (Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006). .

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1754 births
1829 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Senior Wranglers
Colony of New Brunswick judges
Colony of New Brunswick people
Welsh emigrants to pre-Confederation New Brunswick


Larry Dixon Jr. (born October 23, 1966) is an American professional drag racer in the NHRA. Larry is the son of Larry Dixon Sr., who won Top Fuel Eliminator at the 1970 NHRA Winternationals.

1980s and 1990s
Dixon's NHRA career began when he was a worker for a team owned by Larry Minor that had Gary Beck as driver. Dixon began his long friendship with Don "The Snake" Prudhomme in 1988 while working on Prudhomme's Funny Car. In 1994, he earned his Top Fuel license with 4.76-second pass at Gatornationals at Gainesville, Florida. In 1995, his rookie season, he earned Rookie of the Year honors. That season became third rookie to win $100,000 Budweiser Shootout, the first Top Fuel rookie to win at Indianapolis since Gary Beck in 1972 and set NHRA's elapsed time record at Englishtown.

In 1997 Dixon was the runner-up in Budweiser Shootout from the No. 8 qualifying spot. In 1998, he won Pomona 1, joining his father on the Top Fuel winner’s list at the event.  He qualified #1 at Indianapolis. In 1999 he became the first Top Fueler to go under 4.5 seconds.

2000s
In 2001 Dixon won six events in nine final round appearances, including the Mac Tools U.S. Nationals for the second time in his career. The victories propelled him to finish in the top 10 of the POWERade point standings for his seventh consecutive season. He also won the $100,000 Budweiser Shootout bonus event.

Dixon earned first NHRA POWERade championship in 2002 after leading the points standings all season. He tied the single-season Top Fuel record for victories with nine, and was named Driver of the Year for the second quarter.

Dixon became fifth Top Fuel driver to win consecutive NHRA POWERade Top Fuel championships in 2003. He was only the fourth driver in NHRA history to sweep the Western Swing. That year he moved to fourth on Top Fuel all-time win list and in the process recording his career-best speed (332.75 mph) which stood as national record for 15 events. He won the rain delayed 2002 Budweiser Shootout, which was completed at '03 season-opener

In 2004 he earned two victories in three final round appearances and finished his tenth consecutive NHRA POWERade Series season in the top 10 points. That season he tied legendary "Big Daddy" Don Garlits for third on all-time Top Fuel wins list with 35 career victories. He finished second at the $100,000 Budweiser Shootout after gaining starting spot in bonus event via wild-card selection.

Dixon raced to three victories in seven final rounds in 2005 clocking a career-best elapsed time (4.481s) at Pomona 1 and also posted three No. 1 qualifying positions.  His victory at Englishtown, on Father's Day was his fifth consecutive victory on the day. With victory at Las Vegas 1, Dixon moved ahead of Don Garlits on all-time Top Fuel wins list. He won his third Mac Tools U.S. Nationals that year.  It was his eleventh consecutive POWERade Series Top 10 finish when he finished second in the POWERade point standings.

2006 saw Larry advance to his only final round of the season on Father's Day (Englishtown), but lost on that day after having previously won the event for five consecutive seasons.  He also posted four semifinal appearances and earned his twelfth consecutive POWERade Series Top 10 points finish.  Dixon finished in the runner-up spot at four races in 2006, including the Mac Tools U.S. Nationals.

2008, Phoenix, AZ. Larry tied 2nd on All-Time Wins with Tony Schumacher with 43 wins in NHRA Top Fuel Competition. Then, only three weeks later in Gainesville, FL, Tony took over 2nd place on the All-Time winners table when he won the Gator Nationals. As of May 2009, Schumacher leads the table with 59 wins with Dixon currently on 44.  Joe Amato ranks 2nd on All-Time leader board with 52 victories in NHRA Top Fuel Competition.

In 2009, Dixon left the Prudhomme Racing camp, and went to work as the Top Fuel driver at Al-Anabi Racing, with legendary crew chief Alan Johnson working his pits, as both crew chief, and team owner.  Johnson himself had been crew chief with Dixon's biggest rival, five-time champion Tony Schumacher, and was the crew chief of perhaps one of Dixon's biggest rivals in his career, Alan's brother Blaine Johnson.

In 2010, Dixon won his third Full Throttle Series world championship title. He won a record 12 races in 12 finals, including the prestigious Mac Tools U.S. Nationals for the fourth time. Dixon earned eight No. 1 qualifying positions and in the Countdown playoffs claimed three wins and three of those top-qualifying efforts. His 62 round-wins during the 2010 season tied for fifth best all-time and second-best all-time in Top Fuel.

Sponsor Change

In 2007 Miller Lite choose to leave Don Prudhomme Racing and stay with Penske Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series (then called "NEXTEL Cup"). Larry Dixon then got a sponsorship on February 8, 2007 from SkyTel Wireless.  In 2008, when teammate Tommy Johnson Jr. left to drive for the re-retired Kenny Bernstein in the Monster Energy Drink Dodge Charger, Dixon got the sponsorship of the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Co.

After Leaving the Snake
Dixon bought out the last year of his contract with Snake Racing, in order to sign with Al-Anabi as driver of the Qatar/Al-Anabi-sponsored top fuel dragster. His crew chief is Jason McCulloch, son of Funny Car legend and fellow crew chief Ed "The Ace" McCulloch. Dixon's Funny Car teammate is Del Worsham.
Out of nine final round appearances in 2009, Dixon won five, including winning the Gatornationals in Gainesville, Florida and was runner-up to Tony Schumacher at the Mac Tools U.S. Nationals. Dixon finished 2009 just two points behind NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing Series champion Schumacher.
Dixon would go on to win the 2010 Top Fuel championship, netting twelve event wins, including three during the Countdown to the Championship.

In 108 career final round appearances, Dixon has won 61 (54%). At the end of 2011, Dixon had compiled 637 round wins.

At the end of the 2011 season, Dixon and Al-Anabi racing agreed to mutually separate. The reasons of this mutual decision are private team matters; no further was provided.  Dixon spent much of 2012 on the sidelines before switching to a part-time Australian team, Rapisarda Racing, where he set the fastest official quarter-mile drag race at 4.503 seconds with a 332.18 MPH record in Australia, where ANDRA races the distance at circuits that are possible.  Dixon made starts for Bob Vandergriff in the NHRA for 2014 and 2015, even fighting throat cancer in a battle which he won, finishing fourth in 2015 before losing his ride at the end of 2015.  He returned to Rapisarda for IHRA races in Australia, winning the City of Ipswich Winternationals.

In 2017 Larry Dixon was banned by the NHRA after showing off a two-seater dragster meant to give rides to customers as part of a "drag racing experience." Larry Dixon responded in 2019 by filing a lawsuit against the NHRA, claiming that the sport banned him as part of an effort to control the market on two seater dragster experiences. In 2020 a judge dismissed much of Dixon's lawsuit.

Personal life
Larry lives in Avon, Indiana and is married to Allison Dixon and they have 3 children: Donovan, Alanna, and Darien.

References

Living people
1966 births
Dragster drivers
People from Avon, Indiana
Sportspeople from the Indianapolis metropolitan area
Racing drivers from Indiana


HMS Russell was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Portsmouth Dockyard on 3 June 1692.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Rotherhithe, and was relaunched on 16 March 1709. Instead of mounting her 80 guns on two decks, as she had done as originally built, she now mounted them on three decks, but remained classified as a third rate. On 4 February 1729 she was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment at Deptford, from where she was relaunched on 8 September 1735.

Russell was sunk as a breakwater in 1762.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships
Ships built in Deptford
Ships built in Rotherhithe
Ships built in Portsmouth


The 1958 Polish Speedway season was the 1958 season of motorcycle speedway in Poland.

Individual

Polish Individual Speedway Championship
The 1958 Individual Speedway Polish Championship was held on 31 August at Rybnik.

Team

Team Speedway Polish Championship
The 1958 Team Speedway Polish Championship was the 11th edition of the Team Polish Championship.

First League

Medalists

Second League

Before season, KKS Katowice was dissolved.

Third League

References

Poland Individual
Speedway


Events from the year 2002 in the European Union.

Incumbents
 Commission President — Romano Prodi
 Council Presidency — Spain (January–June), Denmark (July–December)
 Parliament President — Nicole Fontaine (until 15 January), Pat Cox
 High Representative — Javier Solana

Events
1 January -
Spain takes over the Presidency of the European Union.
Euro notes and coins issued are in Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
 15 January - Irish MEP Pat Cox is elected President of the European Parliament.
 28 February - The Euro becomes the sole legal tender in all 12 Eurozone countries.
 31 May -  All 15 member nations of the European Union ratify the Kyoto Protocol, committing to an 8% cut in carbon dioxide emissions between 2008 and 2012 compared to 1990 levels.
 1 July - Denmark takes over the Presidency of the European Union.
 19 October - In a second referendum, the electorate of Ireland votes in favour of ratifying the Treaty of Nice.

References

Years of the 21st century in the European Union
2000s in the European Union


is a train station in the village of Chikuhoku, Higashichikuma District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Nishijō Station is served by the Shinonoi Line and is 37.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shiojiri Station.

Station layout
The station consists of one ground-level island platform and one side platform serving a three tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is a  Kan'i itaku station.

Platforms

History
Nishijō Station opened on 1 November 1900. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 178 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 JR East station information

Railway stations in Nagano Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1900
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Shinonoi Line
Chikuhoku, Nagano


Initial operating capability or initial operational capability (IOC) is the state achieved when a capability is available in its minimum usefully deployable form. The term is often used in government or military procurement.

The United States Department of Defense chooses to use the term initial operational capability when referring to IOC. For a U.S. Department of Defense military acquisition, IOC includes operating the training and maintaining parts of the overall system per DOTMLPF, and is defined as:"In general, attained when some units and/or organizations in the force structure scheduled to receive a system have received it and have the ability to employ and maintain it. The specifics for any particular system IOC are defined in that system’s Capability Development Document (CDD) and Capability Production Document (CPD)."The date at which IOC is achieved often defines the in-service date (ISD) for an associated system. Declaration of an initial operating capability may imply that the capability will be developed in the future, for example by modifications or adjustments to improve the system's performance, deployment of greater numbers of systems (perhaps of different types), or testing and training that permit wider application of the capability. Once the capability is fully developed, full operational capability may be declared.

For example, the capability may be fielded to a limited number of users with plans to roll out to all users incrementally over a period (possibly incorporating changes along the way). The point at which the first users begin using the capability is IOC, with FOC achieved when all intended users (by agreement between the developer and the user) have the capability. This does not preclude additional users from obtaining the capability after FOC.

Alternatively the specifics of the program may cause a contract and acquisition-defined definition that differs from the concept of available in minimally deployable form, for example IOC on a website, which does not have material production or maintenance, may have been defined as when the training mockup is installed rather than when software or content is ready.

Finally, IOC may be an informal voiced usage of opinion on how far the development is, or a casual view that some other event constitutes IOC like when it is first turned on. (Both of these are meaningless to formal program state or contractual actions, but the progress or event are meaningful in other senses.)

References

External links
 UK Ministry of Defence Acquisition Operating Framework
 European Union  IOC definition for INSPIRE data infrastructure

Procurement
Military terminology


Fargoa is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the tribe Chrysallidini within the family Pyramidellidae.

Life habits
The members of Fargoa are ectoparasites on the serpulid polychaete Hydroides.

Species
Species within the genus Fargoa include:
 Fargoa calesi (Bartsch, 1955) = Fargoa bushiana (Bartsch, 1909) - as Odostomia bushiana, type species
 Fargoa bartschi (Winkley, 1909)
 Fargoa buijsei (de Jong & Coomans, 1988)
 Fargoa dianthophila (H. W. Wells & M. J. Wells, 1961)
 Fargoa dux (Dall & Bartsch, 1906)
 Fargoa gaudens Odé, 1993
 Fargoa gibbosa (Bush, 1909)

References

External links
 Fargoa dianthophila - Serpulid odostome
 Fargoa buijsei - Buijse’s Odostome

Pyramidellidae


is a train station in the village of Chikuhoku, Higashichikuma District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Lines
Sakakita Station is served by the Shinonoi Line and is 40.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shiojiri Station.

Station layout
The station consists of one ground-level island platform and one side platform serving a three tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is a  Kan'i itaku station.

Platforms

History
Sakakita Station opened on 3 November 1927. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 136 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
former Sakakita village office
Sakakita Post Office
Sakakita Elementary School

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 JR East station information

Railway stations in Nagano Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1927
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Shinonoi Line
Chikuhoku, Nagano


A chunk is a fragment of information which is used in many multimedia file formats, such as PNG, IFF, MP3 and AVI.

Each chunk contains a header which indicates some parameters (e.g. the type of chunk, comments, size etc.). Following the header is a variable area containing data, which is decoded by the program from the parameters in the header. Chunks may also be fragments of information which are downloaded or managed by P2P programs.

In distributed computing, a chunk is a set of data which is sent to a processor or one of the parts of a computer for processing.

References

See also
 Chunking (computing)

Data unit

ar:كتلة (معلومات)
ca:Chunk
es:Chunk
eo:Chunk


The President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Senior Law Lord, who was the highest ranking among the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the judges who exercised the judicial functions of the House of Lords). The President is not the most senior judge of the judiciary in England and Wales; that position belongs to the Lord Chief Justice. The current President is Robert Reed, since 13 January 2020.

History
From 1900 to 1969, when the Lord Chancellor was not present, a former Lord Chancellor would preside at judicial sittings of the House of Lords. If no former Lord Chancellor was present, the most senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary present would preside, seniority being determined by rank in the peerage. In the years following World War II, it became less common for Lord Chancellors to have time to gain judicial experience in office, making it anomalous for former holders of the office to take precedence. As a result, on 22 May 1969, the rules were changed such that if the Lord Chancellor was not present (as was normally the case), the most senior Law Lord, by appointment as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary rather than peerage, would preside.

In 1984, the system was amended to provide that judges be appointed as Senior and Second Senior Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, rather than taking the roles by seniority. The purpose of the change was to allow an ailing Lord Diplock to step aside from presiding, yet remain a Law Lord.

On 1 October 2009, the judicial functions of the House of Lords were transferred to the new Supreme Court under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. The Senior Law Lord, Nick Phillips, and the Second Senior Law Lord became, respectively, the President and the Deputy President of the new court. The same day, the Queen by warrant established a place for the President of the Supreme Court in the order of precedence, immediately after the Lord Speaker (the Speaker of the House of Lords).

List of Senior Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
 The Lord Reid (1969–1975)
 The Lord Wilberforce (1975–1982)
 The Lord Diplock (1982–1984)
 The Lord Fraser of Tullybelton (1984–1985)
 The Lord Scarman (1985–1986)
 The Lord Keith of Kinkel (1986–1996)
 The Lord Goff of Chieveley (1996–1998)
 The Lord Browne-Wilkinson (1998–2000)
 The Lord Bingham of Cornhill (2000–2008)
 The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers (200830 September 2009)

List of presidents of the Supreme Court

See also
 Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
 Senior President of Tribunals
 Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
 Lord President of the Court of Session

Notes

References

Law lords
Lists of judges in the United Kingdom
Judiciaries of the United Kingdom


Marilyn Patricia Rowe  (born 20 August 1946) is the first graduate of the Australian Ballet School to be appointed its director, in 1999.

Dancing career
Rowe was born in Sydney, New South Wales and became a principal artist with The Australian Ballet in 1969, joining the company at the express wish of the founding artistic director of the Australian Ballet, Dame Peggy van Praagh, after a relatively short time as a student in the Australian Ballet School. Rowe talked about her association with the Australian Ballet and van Praagh,

"I grew up as it were, in the cradle of Australian Ballet – it is my family and I love it warts and all. I have been part of its highs and lows, which at times seemed to be reflected in my own life. I was there through its darkest hours and then helped to pick up the pieces. I have a great passion and loyalty for my company and its school, instilled in me by Peggy. She herself possessed these qualities in abundance."

Rowe had an acclaimed partnership with dancer Kelvin Coe OBE. Marilyn and Kelvin won individual silver medals and the award for the most outstanding couple at the Second International Ballet Competition in Moscow in 1973. Roles were specially created for her include Glen Tetley's Gemini, Ronald Hynd's The Merry Widow and André Prokovsky's Anna Karenina. Rowe also had successful partnerships with Australian Ballet dancers Gary Norman and John Meehan. in 1968 Rowe received her first invitation to Russia from Igor Moiseyev, who choreographed The Last Vision for her and Kelvin Coe. In 1971 Rudolf Nureyev coached Marilyn and Kevin in the leading roles of his production of Don Quixote for their debut in New York.
In 1978 Rowe and Coe became the first Australians to be invited to dance with the Bolshoi, Riga and Vilnius ballet companies.

in 1976 Marilyn was invited by the Australian Prime Minister to participate in The Rights of a Child concert presented at the United Nations General Assembly Hall in New York. in 1977 she performed at the Royal Variety Performance for the Prince of Wales. She was a guest artist with the National Ballet of the Philippines and in 1978 danced the leading role in Swan Lake for Princess Alexandra and Angus Ogilvy.

In 1980 Marilyn was awarded the Order of the British Empire, OBE, for services to dance.

After the Dancers' strike in 1981, at the insistence of the dancers and the Board of The Australian Ballet, Marilyn Rowe was appointed to the position of Ballet Director/Acting Artistic Director and Guest Artist. She then held the position of Deputy Artistic Director and Director of the Dancers Company.

In 1986 she was chosen by Lord Lichfield to be photographed for his collection of Australia's most beautiful women. She is also the recipient of two Green Room Awards and an ADAMS Award for most outstanding dancer.

In 1982 Marilyn was appointed to the Australian Government's Immigration Review Panel; appointed to The Australian Ballet's National Council and the Dance Panel of the Victorian Ministry for the Arts.

In 1990 Marilyn was appointed Artistic Advisor and Specialist Coach to The Australian Ballet School and a member of its Advisory Board. She was appointed a Director of The Australian Ballet Board in 1994.

Marilyn was appointed Director of the Australian Ballet School in 1999, a position she held for 16 years, retiring after the School's 50th Anniversary.

Director, Teacher and the Australian Ballet School
After a career where she danced all the major roles in the company repertoire sh Ballet Director, Deputy Artistic Director and in 1984 Director of the Dancers Company. Rowe continued with the Dancers Company until 1990. She was appointed to the Board of the Australian Ballet in 1994. She has been responsible for  directing many of the leading dancers of the Australian Ballet. In addition she been responsible for bringing into the repertoire a large number of modern and classical ballets. Rowe was appointed Director of the Australian Ballet School in 1999.

In 2003 Marilyn was included in the First Honour Role for Women, which honours her contribution to Victoria and the Nation.
In 2013 she received the Lord mayor's certificate of Commendation presented by the City of Melbourne; in 2014 she was honoured with a plaque, by being included in The Walk of Fame, as part of Melbourne Arts walk.

in 2015 The Australian ballet School's residences was named in her honour and she received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Australian Dance Awards.

Marilyn has been a member of the jury for the Prix de Lausanne, the Youth America Grand Prix, the Asian Pacific International Ballet Competition, the Beijing International Competition for Dance Schools and presently, the Asian Grand Prix International Ballet Competition.

Honours
To mark her contribution to ballet in Australia, Rowe was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1980.
Two Green Room Awards and an Adams Award
The First Victorian Honour Role for Women, which honours her contribution to Victoria and the Nation. 2003
The Lord Mayor's Certificate of Commendation presented by the City of Melbourne for her significant contribution to the arts. 2013
Honoured with a plaque by being included in the Walk of Fame as part of the Melbourne Arts Walk. 2014
The Lifetime Achievement Award at the Australian Dance Awards. 2015
Marilyn Rowe House, the residence of The Australian Ballet School, named in her honour 2015

References

Books

1946 births
Living people
Australian ballerinas
Australian choreographers
Australian women choreographers
Members of the Order of Australia
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Sydney
Australian Ballet School alumni


Clare Stone (born 1992) is a Canadian nurse and former actress.

Career
She has appeared in such films and television works as Would Be Kings, The Jane Show, Breach, Mom at Sixteen, Samantha: An American Girl Holiday, Godsend, Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion, Beautiful Girl, and Mr. Nobody. Stone has also starred in CBC Television's Wild Roses as Charlotte Henry and in the episode "Run to Me" of CTV's Flashpoint series as Sarah Porter. Stone was nominated for a Gemini Award, Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series, in 2008.

Stone has retired from acting and now works as a psychiatric nurse and researcher.

Personal life
Stone married Noah Reid in July 2020, and their first child, a son, was born in late summer 2022.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1992 births
21st-century Canadian actresses


Lutibacterium is a genus of Gram-negative staining bacteria. It includes the hydrocarbon-degrading strain Lutibacterium anuloederans LC8.

References

Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
Bacteria genera


Ramathirtham or Ramatheertam is situated in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh state. It comes under Vidavalur Mandal.

History
Ramathirtham is a Historical Buddhist Remnant site in Nellore District.

Bodipati Dibba
Recent Exploration at a mound towards east of the Ramalingeswara temple yielded  some historical ancient remains. Black and red Polished ware, terracota and brick remnant's were recovered from the site.
This site may contain Buddhist remains as found at Chejarla Temple in Guntur District. Excavations are under progress at this site.

Temple
Ramalingeswara Swamy Temple in Ramathirtham. Lord Siva and Kamakshamma are the presiding deities while Vigneswara and Subramanya Swamy are the also worshipped here.
The architecture is reminiscent of the Pallava style with the temple built of bricks, a Dwaja Stambam, Kalyana Mandapam, Alankara Mandapam and Yajnasala for Nithyyagnam.
The main temple is very small and covered with white granite rock.
Mythologically Ramatheertam holds a lot of respect among the devotees as it was the place where, as per the scriptures, Lord Rama was stated to have stopped for a night halt during his search for Sita. At daybreak, Lord Rama carved out a Shiva Lingam from sand with his hands and offered prayers.

Map
Refer wikimapia link for the above described geographies: http://wikimapia.org/#lat=14.6478641&lon=80.1444832&z=15&l=0&m=b&v=8

References

Buildings and structures in Nellore district
Buddhist sites in Andhra Pradesh


HMS Humber was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Hull on 30 March 1693.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford in 1708. Her guns, previously being mounted on two gundecks, were now mounted on three, though she remained classified as a third rate. On 30 October 1723 Humber was ordered to be taken to pieces and rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment at Portsmouth. She was renamed HMS Princess Amelia, and relaunched on 4 October 1726.

Princess Amelia was broken up in 1752.

Notes

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. .

Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
1690s ships


Palestinians in Iraq are people of Palestinians, most of whom have been residing in Iraq after they were displaced in 1948. Before 2003, there were approximately 34,000 Palestinians thought to be living in Iraq, mainly concentrated in Baghdad. However, since the 2003 Iraq War, the figure lies between 10,000–13,000, although a precise figure has been hard to determine. The situation of Palestinians in Iraq deteriorated after the fall of Saddam Hussein and particularly following the bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in 2006. Since then, with the rise in insecurity throughout Iraq, they have been the target of expulsion, persecution and violence by Shia militants, and the new Iraqi Government with militant groups targeting them for preferential treatment they received under the Ba'ath Party rule. Currently, several hundred Palestinians from Iraq are living in border camps, after being refused entry to neighbouring Jordan and Syria. Others have been resettled to third countries.

History
The 1922 census of Palestine lists 18 Palestinians as living abroad in Iraq (then listed as Mesopotamia): 3 Muslims, 14 Jews, and 1 Christian.

The birth of the Palestinian community in modern Iraq dates back to 1948, when the Iraqi army, which had been fighting in Palestine, returned to Baghdad with a group of Palestinians who had been forced to flee their homes in Haifa and Jaffa. In addition, some Palestinian villagers had been forcibly drafted by the invading Iraqi army, and they and their families were allowed to resettle in Iraq. Following the 1967 war with Israel, a second larger wave of Palestinians sought refuge in Iraq. The third and final wave occurred in 1991 after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, when those Palestinians living in Kuwait fled. Over the years, there were also many Palestinians who came to Iraq in search of work. Prior to 2003, there were approximately 25,000 registered Palestinian refugees living in Iraq.
In December 2010, approximately 10,000 Palestinians remained in Iraq, the majority of whom were living in and around Baghdad.

Under Saddam Hussein

Iraq is not a signatory of the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the protection of refugees. Palestinians were never awarded official status by the Iraqi authorities, but were given a degree of protection and assistance by the Iraqi government, guided by the Casablanca Protocol of the League of Arab States in 1965. During Saddam Hussein's rule, Palestinians received by and large equitable treatment. They were granted residency permits, full access to government services including healthcare and education, and were also permitted to work. The government also issued special travel documents for Palestinian refugees, allowing them to travel freely around Iraq but making it extremely difficult to leave the country. Some political and sectarian entities claim that Palestinians were treated favourably under the Ba'thist regime. The government built special housing complexes, and provided heavily subsidized accommodation for Palestinians. Palestinians were also exempt from military service, and scholarships were also awarded to Palestinian students, enabling them to study at certain universities. During the years of economic sanctions in the 1990s, the Iraqi government froze rent prices, forcing Iraqi landlords to rent their apartments to Palestinians for as little as $1 per month.  This was also a cause of resentment among those Iraqis toward Palestinians.

During the UN Sanctions on Iraq

The Palestinians suffered very much as a result of the UN sanctions on Iraq (1990–2003). Saddam Hussein's Revolution Command Council decided that Palestinians must not be allowed to invest in companies and not be allowed to invest in any kind of entrepreneurial businesses. They had to obtain special permissions to marry Iraqis, and Palestinians who had Iraqi mothers could not inherit their mothers. Palestinians were not allowed to live in areas close to international boundaries and were not allowed to work in security sensitive areas. The Palestinians were also trapped inside Iraq because of the UN sanctions did not allow air travel to and from Iraq and because Iraq's neighbours did not allow the Palestinians to enter their countries.

Palestinians were also only allowed to join the regime-backed Ba'ath Party  and were not allowed to join the traditional Palestinian political organisations.

Persecution in post–war Iraq
After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003, Palestinians in Iraq were subject to discrimination, sectarian violence and ruthless killing by the Iraqi government and various militia groups. Palestinian neighborhoods such as al-Doura, al-Hurriyya and al-Baladiyyat in Baghdad were also bombarded and attacked. A report by the UNHCR in 2007 provided details of the violence and persecution perpetrated against Palestinians in Iraq, which included abductions, attacks, torture by both unknown militia groups and the Iraqi Ministry of the Interior and the deaths of many Palestinian women, men and children.

Governmental policies
Under the newly elected Iraqi government, Palestinians were stripped of their residency permits and made to register at the Ministry of the Interior each month. This has proven extremely dangerous, and the fear of being shot upon entering or leaving the ministry has deterred many Palestinians from obtaining their right to residency in Iraq. In addition, Human Rights Watch reported that Ministry of Interior officials have arbitrarily arrested, beaten, tortured, and in a few cases, forcibly disappeared Palestinian refugees.

Bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque
After the bombing of the Shia Muslim Al-Askari Mosque in the city of Samarra, the circumstances of those Palestinians living in Iraq worsened considerably as they became scapegoats, synonymous with "terrorists" and "insurgents". Human Rights Watch reported that in mid-March, an unknown militia group calling itself the "Judgment Day Brigades" distributed leaflets in Palestinian neighborhoods, accusing the Palestinians of collaborating with the insurgents and stating the following: "We warn that we will eliminate you all if you do not leave this area for good within ten days." Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani issued a fatwa in April 2006, forbidding any attacks on Palestinians. However, the mass killings and death threats put the Palestinian community in a "state of shock" and forced thousands to leave the country, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Palestinians fleeing Iraq

After 2003, the majority of Palestinians were either killed or fled to the neighbouring countries of Syria and Jordan – neither of which is a signatory to the 1951 Geneva Convention, although each country adheres to the 1965 Casablanca Protocol without reservation. Despite the admirable generosity and hospitality of Syria and Jordan towards thousands of Iraqis, and their large and well-integrated populations of Palestinians, both countries have closed their borders to Palestinians coming from Iraq.  As a result, many have been left stranded in squalid conditions within border camps such as Al-Waleed or Al-Karama, both of which are situated in ‘No Man's Land’ near to the borders shared with Syria and Jordan. Others have had no choice but to return to cities of Baghdad and Mosul. In 2007, UNHCR published ‘Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Iraqi Asylum-Seekers’, which stated that many Arab refugees (including Palestinians) “...do not hold valid documentation, limiting their freedom of movement, access to services and putting them at risk of detention and possibly refoulement. As such, in adjudicating the refugee claims of individuals who were previously refugees in Iraq, the current situation in Iraq is such that “effective protection” in the country is generally unavailable.”

Jordan

Jordan has the largest number of refugees relative to total population in the world, and is host to the highest number of Palestinian refugees under the mandate of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA).  The 1952 Jordanian Constitution does forbid the extradition of ‘political refugees...on account of their political beliefs or their defence of liberty'. Furthermore, the government signed a Memorandum of Understanding with UNHCR in 1998, underlining its agreement to the definition of a refugee and the obligation of non-refoulement.  Historically, the Jordanian government has granted full citizenship to the vast majority of Palestinian refugees, while UNRWA administers aid and provides health and education services to those living in refugee camps.  Its policies towards Iraqis have been less clear.  Currently, the government estimates that 450,000 – 500,000 Iraqis live in Jordan, although only 31,000 of these Iraqis are registered with UNHCR. The regime has followed the principles of Arab hospitality and brotherhood by opening its doors to thousands of Iraqis; yet its policies towards them with regard to provision of basic services have been less clear. Moreover, it has preferred to use ‘visitor’ or ‘guest’ when referring to Iraqis, avoiding the socially and politically loaded term ‘refugee’ and the subsequent need to establish more permanent arrangements, services and solutions that would strain Jordanian infrastructure.  The situation for Palestinians from Iraq fleeing to Jordan after 2003 following the invasion of Iraq is yet more difficult. Aside from a few with family connections inside Jordan, the majority of Palestinians were refused entry or free movement inside the country. Thus, many were stranded in No Man's Land between Iraq and Jordan, or detained in Al-Raweished Camp within Jordan.

Al Ruweished Camp

Al Ruweished was located in Eastern Jordan, 60 kilometres from the border with Iraq. Over the years, those living in the camp have included Palestinians from Iraq, Iranian Kurds, Somalis and Sudanese. In December 2003, Angelina Jolie visited the camp by helicopter, and kept a journal of her experiences.  She reported that most of the 500 residents of al-Ruweished were Palestinians, and over 100 of them were under the age of 16.  Living conditions in the camp were extremely difficult, with soaring temperatures during the summer months, and storms during the harsh winters. The UNHCR and local NGOs provided food and assistance to camp residents. However, most children were unable to access education.

Since 2003, more than a thousand people have been resettled to third countries, including 54 Palestinians who were granted asylum in Canada in November 2006, and 107 Palestinians who were accepted by Brazil in 2007. Later, in November that year, the remaining residents (all of whom were Palestinian) were resettled in the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.  There, they were promised rented accommodation, furniture and material aid for up to two years, as moral support from volunteers in the communities, who were to help them with local integration.

Syria
There has been a significant Palestinian presence in Syria since the first arrivals in 1948, as well as several hundred thousand Iraqis in recent years.  According to a Fafo report in 2007, “Palestinian refugees have been better integrated into Syrian society than in Jordan” Unlike Jordan, Palestinians living in Syria have not been granted citizenship. Aside from Syrian nationality and the right to vote, Palestinians are entitled to “...the same civil rights and services as those enjoyed by local citizens, and are more socially integrated than Palestinian refugees in any other host country.” Similar to Jordan, Syria has not signed the 1951 Convention, but is party to the 1965 Casablanca Protocol for the protection of Palestinian refugees.  The 1973 constitution does not allow for the deportation of refugees because of their 'political principles or defence of freedom', although the government does not have a procedure for granting asylum.   The Syrian Ministry of Social Affairs also shares a Memorandum of Understanding with UNHCR, allowing for assistance and cooperation with local organizations to provide aid to refugees.

After such a history of providing shelter and services for Palestinian and Iraqi refugees, it is therefore unclear as to why the Syrian government has refused entry to Palestinians coming from Iraq since 2006.

Al Tanf Camp
Al-Tanf Camp was a makeshift camp located on the Syrian side of the border with Iraq.  It was first opened in 2006, when 389 Iraqi-Palestinians were refused entry by the Syrian authorities. UNHCR representatives envisioned that the camp would be open for a matter of weeks, but weeks turned into years, despite unbearable living standards. Numbers within the camp continued to increase, as those Palestinians from Iraq arriving in Syria using forged documents were discovered by the Syrian authorities.  During the period from March 2006 until the day of its closure in 2010, it hosted over 1,300 Iraqi-Palestinians.

Living conditions in Al-Tanf were extremely grim, with residents exposed to the harsh climate of the desert.  Extreme temperatures, sandstorms, strong winds and devastating were endured by residents, as well as infestations of scorpions and vermin. Outbreaks of fire were also a common occurrence in Al Tanf and other camps, due to the highly flammable canvas tents.  A pregnant woman was killed there in January 2009, when the tent she was staying in caught fire.

Some residents of the camp established an amateur television network called Al Tanf Media Group, to draw attention to their suffering, and to occupy younger residents of the camp and to provide them with opportunities to acquire skills. Using a computer and a small digital camera, they were able to produce short documentaries and organize screenings within the camp.  These films were distributed over the internet, and to delegations from international organizations visiting the camps.

On 1 February 2010, UNHCR closed the camp and moved the last remaining 60 residents to Al Hol camp, where it was said they would live temporarily before being resettled to third countries.

Al Hol Camp
Al Hol remains open to this day, and is located in the north-eastern province of Hassakeh around 55 km from the city of
Deir ez-Zor., close to the border with Iraq. The camp first opened in 1991, to cope with the influx of Iraqi refugees from the Gulf War.  It reopened in 2005 in response to the Palestinians fleeing Iraq. Currently, there are 45 families living in the camp without news of resettlement in the near future. As a result, UNRWA and UNHCR have begun to work with residents of the camp to provide them with more permanent arrangements.  Children of the camp attend school with Syrian children in the nearby village of Al Hol, men grow crops to provide additional food, the UNHCR provides basic education, health and recreational facilities within the camp; and vocational training schemes for women have been established by the International Organization of Migration in partnership with the European Union.

Resettlement
Resettlement continues to evade thousands of Iraqi-Palestinians, living as IDPs in Iraq or refugees in squalid border camps.  However, there has been progress - particularly for those living in the border camps in Iraq, Syria and Jordan. At the end of 2009, 61 residents of Al-Tanf camp were given permission to settle in Italy, and out of the 1,300 Iraqi-Palestinian residents who had been stranded in the camp, more than 1000 were relocated to third countries; including Belgium, Chile, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In 2009, the United States also allowed more than a thousand Iraqi Palestinians from camps inside Iraq to be resettled within its borders.  This was the largest ever Palestinian refugee resettlement in U.S. history. Critics of the State Department decision to resettle this group of Palestinians objected that they were sympathizers of Saddam Hussein. In December 2009, the united efforts of the not for profit company, Australian Society for Palestinian Iraqi Refugees Emergency (ASPIRE), and Amnesty International-Australia led to the Australian government approving 16 families making up 68 people from Al Hol for humanitarian refugee status. They are now living in Melbourne and Perth.

Durable solutions and the current situation
In February 2010, the UNHCR pledged to "continue to advocate a dignified solution for all those Palestinian refugees stranded in camps". However, as of March 2011, a few thousand Iraqi-Palestinians were thought to be living illegally in Damascus without access to services.  Moreover, several hundred Palestinians remained in Al Waleed and Al Hol camps, without immediate hope of resettlement in third countries. In the Summer of 2014 at least 85 Palestinian refugees, mainly from Mosul, took shelter at Khazir IDP camp and later Baharka IDP camp, near Erbil, fleeing the Islamic State in Iraq and Levant during the Northern Iraq Offensive.

Notable people
 Hanan Alattar, opera singer
 Sama Raena Alshaibi, artist and photographer
 Leila Barclay, American journalist and storyteller (Born in Beirut to an Iraqi mother and Palestinian father).
 Raad Ghantous, interior designer
 Raed Jarrar, architect, blogger, and activist
 Bashar Lulua, orchestra conductor
 Sharif Hikmat Nashashibi, co-founder and chairman of Arab Media Watch
 Rakad Salem, politician
 Nada Shabout, art historian
 Jalal Toufic, artist
 Badr Albanaa, Neurophysicist And Professor

See also
 Violence against Palestinians in Iraq

References

External links
 Palestinians in Iraqi No Man's Land Part Two (Alive in Baghdad, July 2007)
 Children under the Sky – Capoeira at Al Tanf (Bidna Capoeira, May 2009) - YouTube
 Witness: Leaving Al-Tanf (Al Jazeera English, 18 March 2010) - YouTube
 News report ‘Palestinians ‘stranded’ in Iraq refugee camp (Al Jazeera English, 20 June 2009), Palestinians 'stranded' in Iraq refugee camp - 20 June 09
 Forgotten Camp: Al-Rawaished Camp (Journeyman Pictures, September 2003) Forgotten Camp - Iraq
 Mustafa Khalili and Romola Garai, Romola Garai Visits Al Tanf (Guardian, 20 March 2009) http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2009/mar/19/syria-refugees-romola-garai

Arabs in Iraq
Demographics of Iraq
Ethnic groups in Iraq

Iraq
Middle Eastern diaspora in Iraq


Ground Zero is a 1987 Australian drama-thriller about a cinematographer who, prompted by curiosity about some old film footage taken by his father, embarks on a quest to find out the truth about British nuclear tests at Maralinga. It stars actors Colin Friels, Jack Thompson and Indigenous activist Burnum Burnum.

Production and cast
Ground Zero was produced in 1986 and released in 1987. IMDb, and the DVD release of the film, both credit Michael Pattinson and Bruce Myles as producers, but only Pattinson is named in other sources. Pattinson went on to direct several other Australian feature films, including Wendy Cracked a Walnut (1990), Secrets (1992), and The Limbic Region (1997). Myles did not go on to other directing, but acted in numerous subsequent Australian films, including The Bank (2001).

Ground Zero was made for , and filmed on location in Coober Pedy and Woomera in South Australia, as well as in Melbourne.

Sound for the film was created by a team including Roger Savage and Gary Wilkins, who had both worked on the Mad Max series of feature movies.

Context of the film
In the 1950s, the British government had conducted a number of nuclear tests at a site called Maralinga in outback South Australia. It was subsequently demonstrated by medical evidence, witness statements and archive documents that during those tests, armed forces personnel and Indigenous Australians were exposed to nuclear fallout that affected their health and reduced their lifespan. This led eventually to a major inquiry, the McClelland Royal Commission, which reported in 1985. The inquiry attracted a lot of publicity, and ultimately a deal was struck with the United Kingdom to fund rehabilitation of the test sites.

Ground Zero was made immediately following this inquiry. While fictional, it explores the idea that the exposure to radiation of Indigenous people and army personnel may have been deliberate, or known about at the time and concealed. The political topicality of the film at the time of its release was reflected in the profile of some of the actors involved: Colin Friels has played a number of roles involving social activism, most notably years later in the Australian television miniseries Bastard Boys; Burnum Burnum was a long-time Indigenous rights activist; while Jack Thompson had previously played a leading role in another film sharply critical of the British military: Breaker Morant.

Reception and legacy
Despite its success at the 1987 AFI Awards, reviews of the film were mixed. Pointing out that the film contained elements of both action thriller and political commentary, reviewers were unsure that it did either with great success. However, Janet Maslin, reviewing the film for the New York Times, wrote of "taut, clever conspiracy-theory thrillers, of which the new Australian film Ground Zero is a prime example".

It was shown on Indigenous television station Imparja 'as a tribute' to Burnum Burnum after his death in 1997.

Cast

Awards and nominations
AFI Awards, 1987
Won: Best Achievement in Cinematography
Won: Best Achievement in Editing
Won: Best Achievement in Production Design
Won: Best Achievement in Sound
Nominated: Best Actor
Nominated: Best Supporting Actor
Nominated: Best Director
Nominated: Best Film
Nominated: Best Original Screenplay

38th Berlin International Film Festival, 1988
Nominated: Golden Berlin Bear

Box office
Ground Zero grossed $178,576 at the box office in Australia.

See also
Cinema of Australia

References

External links

Ground Zero at Oz Movies

1987 films
Australian thriller films
1987 thriller films
Cold War films
Films about nuclear war and weapons

Films directed by Bruce Myles
Films directed by Michael Pattinson
Films scored by Chris Neal (songwriter)
Films set in South Australia
Films set in Melbourne
Films shot in Melbourne
Films shot in South Australia
Australian action adventure films
1987 drama films
1980s English-language films


"Meet on the Ledge" is a song written by British singer-songwriter Richard Thompson and recorded by British folk rock band Fairport Convention in 1968 on Island Records. It was their second single.

Background
The song was taken from the album What We Did on Our Holidays. The band had performed the song on the 1969 launch of From the Roundhouse, a short-lived BBC television youth and arts programme about the London "underground scene". The vocals were performed by Sandy Denny and Iain Matthews.

The song's title came from a large, low-hanging tree limb on which Richard Thompson used to play as a child, and which he and his friends had dubbed "The Ledge".

Reception
Thompson has acknowledged that some people interpret "the ledge" as some sort of code for the afterlife and that it is popular at funerals. In an interview with Mojo magazine in March 2011, Thompson said: "The hardest thing about being a 17-year-old songwriter is that you're embarrassed – you're never going to write a song saying, 'These are my feelings, I love you.' So I was trying to find some semi-veiled language that conveyed something to somebody somehow but which didn't really say anything up front. It's a slightly naïve song, a little obscure. I don't even know what it means ... I had to sing it at my own mother's funeral. It was in her will. That's about the hardest thing I've ever done".

The song has become Fairport Convention's unofficial anthem. At their concerts, including the ongoing Cropredy Festival, it is often performed as the last song and a signal to fans that there will be no more encores.

A 2004 listeners poll for BBC Radio 2 placed the song at number 17 in the station's Sold On Song Top 100 songs.

Cover versions

Thompson re-recorded the song as a bonus track on his solo album Small Town Romance. Fairport Convention re-recorded the song in 1987, releasing it as a track on the album In Real Time: Live '87 and as a single to tie in with the band's 20th anniversary. Of the latter release, band member Ric Sanders quipped at the time "We're going to release it every 20 years until it's a hit". The title has been used for a compilation album by Fairport Convention and a book about them. It is the first track on the 1972 compilation The History of Fairport Convention.

The song was covered by British band Trapeze when they made an appearance on the British TV show Colour Me Pop on BBC2 in 1969.

The song was covered by British folk group Prelude on their 1975 album Owlcreek Incident.

In 2012, American rock band Counting Crows recorded a version of the song for their covers album, Underwater Sunshine (or What We Did on Our Summer Vacation).

In 2017, American rock band Greta Van Fleet recorded a version of the song for their second EP, From the Fires.

In 2022, UK comedy-folk band The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican recorded a version of the song as the hidden track of their eleventh album Rugh & Ryf (itself a parody of Fairport Convention's Liege & Lief)

References

1968 singles
Fairport Convention songs
1968 songs
Island Records singles
British folk rock songs
Song recordings produced by Joe Boyd
Songs written by Richard Thompson (musician)


Robert Siciliano (born May 25, 1968) is an American security analyst, author and media personality. He delivers presentations throughout the United States and Canada on identity theft protection and personal security, including self-defense.

Siciliano has appeared on United States-based television programming such as The Today Show, Anderson Cooper 360°, CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, CNBC, Inside Edition, Tyra Banks Show, Sally Jesse Show, Montel Williams, Maury Povich Show, Gayle King Show and the Howard Stern Show. In addition, he has been quoted in American news print publications such as USA Today, Forbes, Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Times, Chicago Tribune, Boston Globe, and Entrepreneur.
Siciliano serves on the board of directors for the Identity Theft Resource Center, contributes to the Realtor Safety Initiative Team for Realtor Safety Week, and is a regular keynote speaker at security-related events.

Life and career
Robert Siciliano grew up in and around Boston, Massachusetts. Robert earned his certification in Private Investigations from Boston University, as well as his certificate as a Certified Speaking Professional from the NSA (National Speakers Association). For the last 20+ years, Siciliano has been refining his rhetoric, content, message to carry out his  mission of informing the public on the issues and solutions surrounding security issues.

Talk show host Montel Williams was the first to broadcast Siciliano nationally.  Show producers worked with Siciliano to develop scenarios where he would socially engineer his way into resident's homes in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, posing as a utility worker.

After the September 11 attacks, Siciliano provided commentary as a news correspondent in regards to many security issues such as school shootings, workplace violence, privacy issues, child abductions, and travel security.

In September 2009, Siciliano conducted an experiment that tested the ease of buying and deploying a retail ATM and as a result raised a few eyebrows in the ATM industry. He was able to purchase an ATM for $750.00 US on Craigslist.org, then program and deploy the retail ATM without any red tape or paperwork registration.

On 15 April 2013, Siciliano ran the 117th edition of the mass-participation Boston Marathon as a charity runner for Boston Children's Hospital. Roberts experience during the bombing was chronicled by the Boston Globe.

Keynotes

 The Western States Director Education Foundation Symposium
 National Association of Credit Managers
 Massachusetts Association of Realtors
 Industrial Asset Management Council
 Meetings Professionals International
 Louisiana State University
United Bankers Bank
 Tools of the Trade REALTOR Expo
 Parady Financial
 National Association of Realtors
 Michigan Credit Union League
 Global Business Travel Association
 Realtors Triple Play

Books authored
Siciliano is the author of 5 books:

 Siciliano, Robert. The Safety Minute: How To Be Safe In The Streets At Home And Abroad So You Can Save Your Life! 1996. SafetyZone Press. Boston, MA.
 Siciliano, Robert. The Safety Minute: Living On High Alert; How To Take Control Of Your Personal Security And Prevent Fraud. 2003. SafetyZone Press. Boston, MA.
 Siciliano, Robert. 99 Things You Wish You Knew Before Your Identity Was Stolen. 2011. McAfee. Florida, NY.
 Siciliano, Robert. 99 Things You Wish You Knew Before Your Mobile Device Was Hacked. 2012. McAfee. Florida, NY.
Siciliano, Robert. Identity Theft Privacy. 2018. Tross Consulting. Tempe, AZ. .

He has also contributed to the development of five other books, including ones such as  Protect your business against threats internally and externally and Riches In Niches, How to make it big in a small market.

References

External links

Appearances in media

Writers from Boston
American television personalities
American male actors
1968 births
Living people
American male writers


Daniel Worcester Faunce (January 3, 1829 – January 3, 1911) was an American clergyman and the father of William Faunce, born at Plymouth, Massachusetts to Peleg and Olive (Finney) Faunce.

Graduating from Amherst College in 1850, he then studied at the Newton Theological Institution, was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1853, and thereafter held charges from 1853 to 1866 in Somerville, Worcester, and Malden — all in Massachusetts — in Concord, New Hampshire (1866–1875), Lynn, Massachusetts (1875–1881), Washington, D.C. (1881–1889), West Newton, Massachusetts (1889–1893), and Pawtucket, Rhode Island (1894–1899). He was a member of the board of managers of the American Baptist Missionary Union. His works include:
 Words and Works of Jesus (1873)
 Words and Acts of the Apostles (1874)
 The Christian in the World (1875)
 A Young Man's Difficulties with his Bible (1877)
 The Christian Experience (1880)
 Hours with a Sceptic (1889)
 Prayer as a Theory and a Fact (1890)
 Advent and Ascension (1893)
 Shall We Believe in Divine Providence? (1900)
 The Mature Man's Difficulties with his Bible (1908)

Faunce married Mary Parkhurst Perry, August 15, 1853. They had five children. After she died in 1888, he married a second time. He died on January 3, 1911, in Providence, Rhode Island, at the age of 82.

References

Attribution

External links

 Faunce, D. W.

1829 births
1911 deaths
19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
American religious writers
People from Plymouth, Massachusetts


Planomicrobium (formerly Planococcus) is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. It includes the hydrocarbon-degrading strain P. alkanoclasticum MAE2.

References

Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
Bacteria genera


Rashakai is a small town located along the Nowshera-Mardan road, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

Rashakai interchange

The town gained importance in 2007, when an interchange of the M1 Motorway was constructed here. Rashakai interchange serves for Nowshera, Mardan and northern parts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, i.e., Malakand, Swat, Buner, Dir and Chitral.

Rashakai cloth market

Before 2007, the small town of Rashakai was famous for its cloth market (Shireen Kotay). It used to be among the top cloth markets in the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (also in other parts of Pakistan), it still flourishes but at the same time many other cloth markets have emerged.
The famous cloth market is situated on West side of Noshehra-Mardan road and on South side of M1 motorway, this area is called Shireen Kotay that is about 1.5 km from Rashakai towards Noshehra.

Economy

Economic activity focuses on the cloth market, and of lately that of providing fuel to vehicles entering the M1. A few fuel stations provide petrol, diesel and CNG to vehicles as well as maintenance and washing services.
'Agriculture':- Agriculture is also of the Main economic activity of the Town. Transport Business is also one of the Main Source of Income and hotels for the travelers who passes through this village. The Importance of this village is totally Changed after the Construction of Motor Way and Rashakai Inter Change.

Technology City
After the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, the importance of Rashakai is increased and now it is also called Technology City.

Economic Zone
As mentioned before that after the project of CPEC, Rashakai gained so much importance and even now it is called Rashakai Economic Zone. And it will be an economic hub for the rest of nearby locality and sounded cities of KPK.

CPEC City
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) government has decided to construct ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) City’ on Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway near Rashakai.

According to government sources, the city will be constructed on eighty thousand Kanal lands at a cost of over four billion dollars under CPEC and will consist of education and commercial zones, public buildings, apartments, golf course, theme park and sports facilities.

References

External links

Populated places in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


The Orto Botanico di Bergamo "Lorenzo Rota" (1,357 m²) is a botanical garden located at the top of a long stairway from Scaletta di Colle Aperto, Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy. It is open daily during the warmer months.

The garden was established in 1972, and named in honor of physician and botanist Lorenzo Rota. It was at first predominantly an alpine garden, but after 1989 began collaboration with the Museum of Natural Sciences and broadened its collection. In 1993, the garden became an integral part of the museum.

Although smaller than a soccer field, the garden now contains more than 900 species arranged into 23 collections, including:

 Alpine - Abies alba, Achnatherum calamagrostis, Alnus viridis, Carlina acaulis, Corydalis lutea, Dryas octopetala, Hieracium pilosella, Horminum pyrenaicum, Larix decidua, Pinus mugo, Rhamnus alpinus, Rhaponticum scariosum, Rhododendron hirsutum, Rubus idaeus, Picea abies, Potentilla grandiflora, Primula hirsuta, Primula auricula, Ranunculus thora, Saxifraga cotyledon, and Vaccinium myrtillus.
 Lombardy - more than half of the garden's species, including Allium ursinum, Arum italicum, Aruncus dioicus, Asarum europaeum, Betula pendula, Campanula elatinoides, Campanula raineri, Carex pendula, Carpinus betulus, Convallaria majalis, Daphne mezereum, Doronicum pardalianches, Erythronium dens-canis, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Fagus sylvatica, Lathyrus vernus, Leucojum vernum, Omphalodes verna, Osmunda regalis, Pulmonaria officinalis, Ranunculus ficaria, Quercus cerris, Sanguisorba dodecandra, Saxifraga petraea, Saxifraga vandelli, Scilla bifolia, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, and Telekia speciosissima.
 Exotic species - including Amsonia tabernaemontana, Bletia hyacinthina, Brunnera macrophylla, Colocasia antiquorum, Corylopsis spicata, Davidia involucrata, Euonymus alatus, Grevillea rosmarinifolia, Raphiolepis indica, Sarcococca confusa, Staphylea colchica, and Telekia speciosa.

See also
 List of botanical gardens in Italy

References
 Orto Botanico di Bergamo "Lorenzo Rota" (Italian)
 BGCI entry
 Horti description (Italian)
 World Wide Meta Museum article (Italian)
 Rete degli Orti Botanici della Lombardia (Italian)

1972 establishments in Italy
Botanical gardens in Italy
Museums in Bergamo
Gardens in Lombardy


This event was held on Sunday 27 January 2008 as a part of the 2008 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in Treviso, Italy.

Ranking

Two riders, Katie Compton and Birgit Hollmann, abandoned the race.

Notes

External links
 Union Cycliste Internationale

Women's elite race
UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Women's elite race
2008 in cyclo-cross


Greenway Camp (also called Noss) is an Iron Age hill fort in the parish of Kingswear close to Dartmouth in Devon, England. The fort is situated on the south western slope of a promontory on the eastern side of a hill west of the village of Hillhead some 65-80 metres above sea level overlooking Noss Point in the Dart Estuary.

References

Hill forts in Devon


The Dignity Movement (), formerly known as the Arab Liberation Party (), is a Lebanese political party with considerable support in the city of Tripoli (Trablos), North Lebanon. Its membership is mainly Sunni Muslim.

Once led by former Prime Minister Omar Karami, the current head of the party is Faisal Karami, son of Omar Karami.

In the 2018 Lebanese general election, Faisal Karami and Jihad Al-Samad were elected as a members of parliament for Tripoli on the "National Dignity" list. Another candidate from the list, Taha Naji, was narrowly defeated by Dima Jamali of the Future Movement, a result that was invalidated by the Constitutional Council. Jamali regained the seat in a by-election in May 2019.

Karami lost his seat in parliament in the original results of the 2022 Lebanese general election, but in September 2022, the results from the North II electoral district were overturned by the Constitutional Council in November 2022 following a recount, and Karami was returned to parliament, replacing Rami Fanj.

References

Arab nationalism in Lebanon
Arab nationalist political parties
Islamic political parties in Lebanon
Nationalist parties in Lebanon
Political parties in Lebanon
Political parties with year of establishment missing
Anti-Zionism in Lebanon


refers to a family of kabuki actors in Kyoto and Osaka and it is the stage name of a series of Kabuki actors over the course of the history of the form.

The first Sakata Tōjūrō (1646–1709) was the most popular kabuki actor in Kyoto-Osaka during the Genroku era.   He played tachiyaku roles.  He  pioneered the wagoto form of the Kamigata (Kansai) theatre as his counterpart in Edo, Ichikawa Danjūrō I, did the same for the aragoto form.

Sakata Tōjūrō was actor-manager (zagashira) of the Mandayū Theatre in Kyoto; and during this period, the house playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon. Chikamatsu praised the actor's craft, including careful attention to the dramatic requirements of the script and encouraging other actors to study the actual details of a character's circumstances.

Unlike most other kabuki lineages which can be traced back in a more or less unbroken line, whether by blood or by adoption, the name of Sakata Tōjūrō was not held for over 230 years, from the death of Sakata Tōjūrō III in 1774 until the name was taken up, and the lineage restarted, by Nakamura Ganjirô III, who changed his name to Sakata Tōjūrō IV in 2005.

Lineage
Sakata Tōjūrō I (1646–1709) - Originated the wagoto form; innovator of Genroku kabuki.
Sakata Tōjūrō II (1711–1724) - Student of Tōjūrō I.
Sakata Tōjūrō III (1739–1774) - Adopted son of Tōjūrō II.
Sakata Tōjūrō IV (2005–2020) - Formerly Nakamura Ganjirō IV. Took on the name in order to revive the lineage, and as part of a greater effort to maintain Kamigata kabuki.

Notes

References
 Brandon, James R. (2000).  "Sakata Tojuro (1647 - 1709)," in The Cambridge Guide to Theatre  (Martin Banham, ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.	;  OCLC 174890379
 Irwin, Greg. "A Talk With the National Treasure Kabuki Actor, Tojuro Sakata: What's in a Name?" Kawaraban. vol 32. Tokyo: Shinnichiya.
 . (2008). . Tokyo: .
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 58053128

External links
The Line of Sakata Tōjūrō

Kabuki actors


Kinton Knob is a peak that is located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

Geography

Kinton Knob marks the north end of Wills Mountain where it abruptly ends just southwest of the town of Bedford.

The mountain has an array of communication towers on its summit. Limited views are available from the top, especially in the winter season, of Blue Knob to the north and the Allegheny Front to the west.

References

Mountains of Pennsylvania
Mountains of Bedford County, Pennsylvania


Rosa Bassett, MBE, BA (9 August 1871 – 19 December 1925) was an English educationalist and headmistress of Stockwell Secondary School.  After a relocation from Stockwell the school's name was changed to County Secondary School, Streatham.  Located in Welham Road, London, it was later renamed Rosa Bassett School in her memory and honour.

Rosa Bassett was instrumental in the first application of the Dalton Plan of teaching within an English secondary school. She contributed a chapter to Helen Parkhurst's book on the Plan, as well as writing the introduction to a book of Dalton Plan class assignments prepared by the staff within her school.

Early life
Rosa Bassett was born in Deptford, London, the daughter of an engineer's clerk. She was successful academically and graduated as a BA of London University with a First Class Degree in 1902, and gained the Certificat de l'Universite de Rennes in 1905.  In the same year, Miss Bassett became the Senior Mistress at Kingsland Secondary School (later known as Dalston Secondary School) in north London, at which she was seen to be a great success, and in 1906 she was made headmistress of the new Stockwell Secondary School for Girls.

Headmistress of the County Secondary School, Streatham
The school at Stockwell prospered and, in 1913, it transferred to a new site between Streatham and Tooting, becoming the County Secondary School, Streatham. Under Bassett's continued leadership the school was a success, and by 1917 was noted for its academic achievement and encouraging self-reliance and responsibility amongst its pupils.

The First World War saw Bassett's organisational skill put to good use when she was invited to help set up the processes for the recruitment and testing of new female staff at the War Office and later other parts of the Civil Service. Under her leadership (as Chairman of a Committee of headmistresses who devised such plans for government posts), hundreds of candidates were chosen from the applicants, given written examinations, interviewed and appointed. It was her work in this area that led to her receiving the honour of MBE in 1917.

The Order of the British Empire was founded in 1917 to recognise the services of people who had served the country in notable ways. Miss Bassett received the Order on 27 September from King George V and Queen Mary. Girls and staff commemorated the occasion by presenting their headmistress with a plaque.

In 1918 when the Government introduced food rationing, Miss Bassett was asked to be responsible for the distribution of ration cards over a large area of Tooting. She formed a Committee of the Staff and senior girls, who were characteristically given an opportunity to join in this responsible work.

The Dalton Plan
On 27 May 1920 an article on the Dalton Plan by Belle Rennie was published in the Times Educational Supplement, introducing the ideas of Helen Parkhurst to a British audience. Parkhurst's view that education should move away from traditional, rigid, class-based teaching and allow for teaching to be adjusted to the pace of each individual child clearly aligned with those of Bassett, as within a month Bassett had started a small-scale trial using the Plan at the school with a group of pupils who had already completed their university entrance examinations. The results were deemed a success, and the full-scale use of the Plan within the County Secondary School, Streatham was phased-in over the 1920–1921 academic year.

Rosa Bassett's support of the Dalton Plan was considerable, and she wrote about the school's introduction of the Plan for The Times, which was reprinted as a chapter within Parkhurst's book. Bassett supported Parkhust's visit to England in 1921 by opening the school to visitors who wished to see the Plan in practice. A two-volume set of Dalton Plan assignments covering English, Geography, History, Mathematics and Science, prepared by the staff of the school with an introduction by Bassett, was published in 1922.

In 1921 Bassett was given leave of absence from the school so that she could visit America to see the operation of the Dalton Plan there. She also lectured in New York on the experience learned while introducing the Plan in England, donating her fees to the Dalton Association to support further visits of teachers to America.

In 1922, Miss Parkhurst published 'Education on the Dalton Plan' to which Miss Bassett contributed a chapter "A Year's Experiment in an English Secondary School."

Death of Miss Bassett
"In 1924, School Inspectors noted that Miss Bassett was badly overworked.  Miss Bassett had not been in good health for more than a year and was unable to travel round the country as she had done, lecturing on the Dalton Plan.  One cold morning in December 1925, Miss Bassett slipped on the icy road just after leaving home for school and broke her leg. She was taken to the South London hospital for Women.  Her death on Saturday, 19 December, was hastened, but not caused by, her accident.  A Memorial Service was held at St. leonards Church, Streatham at Noon on 23 December with her funeral at Brockley."

On the same day, a correspondent wrote to the Times.  "The untimely death of Miss Rosa Bassett is a severe loss, not only to London Education, but to teachers in all parts of the world, to whom her advice and aid were given without stint.  She will be gratefully remembered by thousands of teachers to whom during the last five years she had elucidated and explained the working of the Dalton Plan, with which hundreds of English schools have since successfully experimented."

In "The Triumph of the Dalton Plan" published by C. W. Kimmins and Belle Rennie in 1932, the authors wrote: "to the labours of Miss Bassett, the Dalton Plan in England owes an incalculable debt.  Her tall and commanding figure became well known on lecture platforms and her general air of balance, judgment and grave kindliness gave to all she said conviction and weight.  No audience could look at or hear Miss Bassett and believe that she could possibly be the victim of an educational freak or fad.  To this fundamental basis of good sense and stability, as well as to the wisdom of what she said, much of her success as a propagandist was due.

To the outside world she gave herself ungrudgingly, in the firm belief that in spreading knowledge of the value of the Dalton Plan, she was definitely aiding the progress of evolution in education.  Her death in 1925 was a great loss, not only to the school which she so ably controlled, but to Dalton enthusiasts in all parts of the globe."

Rosa Bassett's legacy
After Rosa Bassett's career was cut short by her death, the school continued to apply many of the principles of the Plan in the years that followed. The County Secondary School, Streatham was renamed Rosa Bassett School in 1951, in honour of its first headmistress.

On the school badge, the initials R.B.S. replaced S.S.S (which were the initials of first Stockwell and then Streatham Secondary School, & which had also stood for "Steady, Straight, Sincere").  It was at Stockwell that the school motto was adopted.   One of the Board of Education Inspectors, who was keenly interested in the work of the school, translated Miss Bassett's favourite words from St. Paul's letter to the Thessalonians, "Hold fast that which is good" as Honesta Obtinete.

It was always Miss Bassett's way to let the girls speak for themselves, and perhaps, the best indication of what the school meant to her pupils is given in the words of one of them. Sylvia G. Kastell (née Greenfield), who attended RBS 1916–1919, wrote: -

"When I ask myself the question, 'What did school do for me?' I find that three things stand out. First it gave me everlasting belief in the value of freedom, freedom to work alone and freedom to organise things for oneself.  Secondly I learnt the importance of playing one's part in the community, to be a citizen of the world as well as a citizen of the school.  I developed a firm conviction that it is those that put most into school life, who contribute most, who get most fun out of it.  Most important of all, I left school with an absolute belief that I could surmount mountains, provided I really wanted to, and worked hard enough."

In the early years of the twentieth century, many people thought teaching should be reformed, and were influenced by the ideas expressed by writers like Edmond Holmes in his book, "What Is and What Might Be" (1911).  Miss Bassett was one of these educational pioneers, at least fifty years in advance of her time.

It was said of a famous English Headmaster that he was so good with the boys, and so good with the parents, that naturally he had no time for the Staff.  It was because Miss Bassett was so good with the girls and the parents and the Staff that many people considered her a great Headmistress.  A member of the Staff at Streatham, who later had the opportunity to know the English educational world very well once said that, as an Headmistress Miss Bassett was in a class by herself.

References

External links

 Rosa Bassett School – A Tribute Website by Sonia King

English educational theorists
Alumni of the University of London
1871 births
1925 deaths
Women heads of schools in the United Kingdom


Graymalkin is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a member of the Young X-Men and is named after the address of the Xavier Institute. His super-human strength varies on how much light he is exposed to and was discovered after his father buried him alive for finding him sexually experimenting with another boy.

Publication history
Graymalkin first appeared in Marvel Comics' 2008 series Young X-Men #1 during a prophetic vision by X-Men character Blindfold. His first full appearance was in Young X-Men #3. His previously unknown background was explored in X-Men: Manifest Destiny #3. While featured primarily in the ongoing Young X-Men series, Graymalkin has appeared as a background character in various other Marvel X-Men titles, including Secret Invasion: X-Men and Wolverine and Power Pack.

Fictional character biography

Origin
Jonas Graymalkin was the only child born to Charles and Marcia Graymalkin over two centuries ago. His family lived on the land where the Xavier Institute would eventually be built in New York. Jonas was 16 years old when his father caught him in the barn with another boy, experimenting with each other sexually; calling him an abomination, his father beat Jonas unconscious and cursed him and his mother's womb for bearing him. His father was so consumed with disgust, he buried Jonas alive. Completely cut off from light, his mutant powers activated, and he fell into a state of suspended animation where he remained for 200 years.

Divided We Stand
After the events of Messiah Complex, Jonas woke up after what he describes as: Some manner of apocalypse decimated the area, upsetting the very structure of the earth and unsettling me from my confinement. Young X-Men #10 explained that Graymalkin was greeted by Cipher upon his awakening at the destroyed school.

He takes to observing the Young X-Men from the shadows, watching them leave to confront Sunspot's Brotherhood of Mutants. After Blindfold is captured, Graymalkin decides he must rescue her, kill "the Cyclops" and makes unexplained references to Cipher while rambling to himself. He later confronts Cyclops and reveals not only his mutant powers—super-strength when in darkness—but that Cyclops is actually Donald Pierce in disguise. Later, despite her defeating Pierce, Graymalkin is distrusting of Magma who earlier used her powers to solidify an attacking Dust into glass. She later convinces him to trust her by transforming Sooraya back to her normal form. He demonstrates an antiquated understanding of mutant abilities, calling Magma a "witch" and referring to her powers as "witchcraft". Later Magma gives him a uniform which he finds unusual and they go confront Donald Pierce.

Graymalkin is very protective of the Young X-Men, though they were for the most part originally unaware of his existence.

Young X-Men
After the team dealt with Pierce, Beast announced that an analysis of Graymalkin's DNA revealed he is not only a mutant, but a member of Charles Xavier's family—from about 200 years in the past. Beast also discovers that Jonas' powers activated when he was buried alive, which also extended his lifespan. Emma Frost explains some terms used in the X-Men, like "telepathy", to Jonas. She asks Graymalkin if she has permission to look in his mind, though he emphatically refuses. Graymalkin then officially joins the Young X-Men team.

He later talks with Anole, another young gay mutant about his past, with Anole assuring him that he will be safe with the X-Men. Jonas also offers his friendship to teammate Ink, sensing his isolation from the other members of the team. He does so, stating that he too knows what it is like to be ostracized.

Secret Invasion & Utopia
Graymalkin is seen fighting alongside the other X-Men in San Francisco during the Skrull invasion.

When anti-mutant protesters led by Simon Trask march in San Francisco in support of Proposition X, Graymalkin and a number of other mutants are part of a pro-mutant rights mob and attempt to stall their demonstration. When Hellion taunts the protesters, Trask incites a riot and Graymalkin is seen fighting them off alongside Anole and Beast.

Powers and abilities
Graymalkin has a number of abilities that wax and wane with exposure to light. His powers appear to strengthen with a lack of light, and he is weaker with exposure to light, though he is not powerless. Beast discovered Jonas' powers activated when he was buried alive and he went into suspended animation for over 200 years. His primary ability is super-human strength. He possesses night vision allowing him to see clearly in total darkness. Beast lists invulnerability and longevity as additional abilities, this allowing him to survive the pressure and cold extremes of being buried alive.

Other versions

Young X-Men "End of Days"
In a dystopic future depicted in the final two issues of "Young X-Men", an adult Graymalkin is one of only four remaining mutants on "Xaviera", a former mutant safe-haven independent state and utopia. He now speaks with a more current manner and remains on a team of X-Men with Anole, Emma Frost (now calling herself "Diamondheart"), Wolverine, and an incapacitated and greatly aged Ink. Dust suddenly appears, now greatly changed in her appearance and persona with altered powers, and proceeds to confront and easily kill each member. After she injures Anole, Jonas tries to attack Sooraya, but his enhanced strength is useless against her sand form and he is defeated and killed.

Reception
Lyle Masaki of Logo's AfterElton.com expressed interest in the vignette wherein Graymalkin and fellow gay teammate Anole discuss Graymalkin's sexual identity and the consequences of being discovered by his father. Masaki praised the seemingly platonic interaction between the two stating that, "[w]ith the small number of gay superheroes out there, camaraderie between gay characters is as rare as same-sex couples".

See also
LGBT themes in comics
Night Girl

References

Characters created by Marc Guggenheim
Comics characters introduced in 2008
Fictional gay men
Male characters in comics
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman senses
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics LGBT superheroes
Marvel Comics mutants


France is divided into 577 constituencies (circonscriptions) for the election of deputies to the lower legislative House, the National Assembly (539 in Metropolitan France, 27 in the overseas departments and territories, and 11 for French residents overseas). Deputies are elected in a two round system to a term fixed to a maximum of five years.

In 2010, a new set of constituency boundaries was adopted, with the dual purpose of ensuring a more equal number of voters per constituency, and of providing seats in the National Assembly to representatives of French citizens resident outside France. 33 constituencies were abolished, and 33 new ones created. Of the latter, 17 are in metropolitan France, five are in overseas France, while the rest of the world was divided into 11 constituencies for French residents overseas. These new constituencies were contested for the first time in the National Assembly elections of June 2012.

Metropolitan France: 539 constituencies

Overseas: 27 constituencies

Guadeloupe (971) – 4 seats

Martinique (972) – 4 seats

Guiana (973) – 2 seats

Réunion (974) – 7 seats

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (975) – 1 seat

Mayotte (976) – 2 seats

Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin (977) – 1 seat

Wallis and Futuna (986) – 1 seat

French Polynesia (987) – 3 seats

New Caledonia (988) – 2 seats

French Citizens Overseas : 11 seats

See also
Lists of electoral districts by nation

References

Constituencies of the National Assembly of France
France


A pneumatic vehicle may be or refer to:
 Compressed-air vehicle
 Pneumatic tube
 Beach Pneumatic Transit
 London Pneumatic Despatch Company
 Crystal Palace pneumatic railway
 Atmospheric railway