Robert Dean Smith (born 2 May 1956 in Kansas) is an American operatic tenor.

Smith studied at Pittsburg State University (Kansas) with Margaret Thuenemann, at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City with Daniel Ferro, and with Professor Janice Harper in Europe.  Like many dramatic tenors, he began his career as a baritone and sang for several years in German opera houses.  He sings a variety of opera and concert repertoire, in different languages and styles.

From 2007 to 2008 he performed Lohengrin and Die Meistersinger in Dresden; Die Frau ohne Schatten at the Lyric Opera of Chicago with Deborah Voigt and Christine Brewer; Tristan und Isolde at the Madrid Teatro Real and the Bayreuth Festival; Tannhäuser at the Berlin Staatsoper; Der fliegende Holländer at the Bavarian State Opera (Bayerische Staatsoper) in Munich and the Vienna State Opera; Ariadne auf Naxos at the Royal Opera, London at Covent Garden; and Fidelio in Tokyo.

On March 22, 2008, Smith made his Metropolitan Opera debut as the lead role in Tristan und Isolde — which was broadcast in the Met's Live in HD series in cinemas in the US, and also aired live on NPR and other radio stations in the US and abroad, as part of the live Metropolitan Opera International Radio Network season. Smith was brought in to replace an ailing Ben Heppner. A January 2015 incident involving his portrayal of Tristan at the Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse in the Wagner opera is widely reported including The New York Times. A 210 kg fake rock was descending toward the recently dead Tristan, when Smith noticed it was not stopping caused him to roll away quickly provoking laughter from the audience.  There was a murder investigation into   “l’affaire du rocher”.

Discography

 Mahler – Das Lied von der Erde. Vladimir Jurowski, Sarah Connolly, Robert Dean Smith, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin. PENTATONE PTC 5186760 (2020)
 Wagner – Die Walküre. Tomasz Konieczny, Iris Vermillion, Robert Dean Smith, Timo Riihonen, Petra Lang, Marek Janowski, Nicole Piccolomini, Kismara Pessatti, Anja Fidelia Ulrich, Fionnuala McCarthy, Heike Wessels, Carola Höhn, Wilke te Brummelstroete, Renate Spingler, Melanie Diener, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin. PENTATONE PTC 5186407 (2013)
 Wagner – Tannhäuser. Albert Dohmen, Robert Dean Smith, Christian Gerhaher, Peter Sonn, Wilhelm Schwinghammer, Michael McCown, Martin Snel, Nina Stemme, Marina Prudenskaya, Bianca Reim, Marek Janowski, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, Rundfunkchor Berlin. PENTATONE PTC 5186405 (2013)
 Wagner – Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Albert Dohmen, Georg Zeppenfeld, Michael Smallwood, Sebastian Noack, Dietrich Henschel, Tuomas Pursio, Jörg Schörner, Thomas Ebenstein, Thorsten Scharnke, Tobias Berndt, Hans-Peter Scheidegger, Lee Hyung-Wook, Robert Dean Smith, Peter Sonn, Edith Haller, Michelle Breedt, Matti Salminen, Marek Janowski, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, Rundfunkchor Berlin. PENTATONE PTC 5186402 (2011)
 Wagner – Der fliegende Holländer. Matti Salminen, Ricarda Merbeth, Robert Dean Smith, Silvia Hablowetz, Steve Davislim, Albert Dohmen, Marek Janowski. PENTATONE PTC 5186400 (2011)

References

External links

American operatic tenors
Heldentenors
Living people
1956 births
Singers from Kansas
Pittsburg State University alumni
Juilliard School alumni


Sten Fredrik Lundbo (born 18 November 1940 in Bergen) is a Norwegian diplomat and was Ambassador to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, France 1995 - 2000 and to the Republic of Poland 2000 - 2005.

Education
Lundbo graduated with an MA in international economics from the Norwegian School of Economics in 1967.

Career and assignments
Sten Fredrik Lundbo worked as a diplomat for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the period 1967 - 2005. Lundbo's first postings were to the Embassies in Bangkok (1969–72) and Paris (1972–75). He was Director at the Ministry of Foreign Ministry 1989-1995. For the last ten years of his career he was an ambassador, firstly to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg (1995 - 2000) and thereafter in Warsaw (2000 - 2005).

Lundbo also served as Counsellor (1986 - 1986) and Minister Counsellor/Deputy Permanent Representative (1986–89) at Norwegian Delegation to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva

International assignments
Member of the UN Group of Governmental Experts on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development 1978-1981.
Chairman of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 1992-1993. At the annual meeting in Oslo in July 1992, chaired by Sten Lundbo, it was agreed to expand the scope of the MTCR to include nonproliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for all weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical and biological weapons).
Chairman of the Working Group on Guidelines 1993-1995 that led to the establishment i 1996 of the Wassenaar Arrangement Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-use Goods and Technologies
Chairman of the Council of Europe's rapporteur group for cooperation with the EU from 1996 to 2000.
Member of the Governing Council of the Council of Europe Development Bank in Paris 1995-2000.

Awards
 1996 appointed Knight of the 1st class of St. Olav
 2000 appointed commander of Royal Norwegian Order of Merit

Sten Lundbo is also awarded the following foreign orders:

1973 The Thai Order of the White Elephant
1975 The French Order of Merit (France).
1994 Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland
1995 In November 1995 Lundbo received  a Certificate of Appreciation, signed by the 63rd United States Secretary of State, Mr. Warren Christopher for his «contributions and leadership in advancing international cooperation to control the spread of armaments and sensitive dual-use goods and technologies».
1996 Commander Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
2003 Commander with star of Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland

References

1940 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Norway to France
Ambassadors of Norway to Poland


Fabrice Philipot (24 September 1965 – 17 June 2020) was a French road bicycle racer. His greatest achievements include winning the young rider classification in the 1989 Tour de France where he placed 24th overall, and finishing second at the 1989 Liège–Bastogne–Liège. In the 1990 Tour de France he was the highest placed rider on his  team finishing in 14th overall, which also made him the highest placing Frenchman that year. He rode in support of Miguel Induráin during the 1991 Tour de France on a very strong Team Banesto who had five riders placed in the top 25 including their leader in the maillot jaune. Philipot placed 24th overall. He rode in support of Indurain during his 2nd Tour victory in 1992 but did not finish. He helped Indurain to victory at the 1992 and 1993 Giro d'Italia. He then rode for
Team Chazal in his homeland before retirement. He died on 17 June 2020 at the age of 54.

References

External links

1965 births
2020 deaths
People from Montbard
French male cyclists
Sportspeople from Côte-d'Or
Cyclists from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté


Sofia Maria Ekwall, (1826–1897), was a Swedish woman judged for two murders and for the murder of her father. The murder was one of the most known in the 19th century in Sweden, and Ekwall was one of the infamous female murderers in Swedish history before Anna Månsdotter.

Background
Sofia Maria was the eldest daughter of Per Ludvig Ekwall, son of the statesman Christopher Retzius Ekwall, a wealthy man described as an honest but depressive person. In 1844, Per Ekwall had moved with his wife Hedvig Christina and six children to the manor Attarp in Småland, south of the city Linköping in Östergötland.

The murders
On Wednesday 28 May 1845, estate owner Ekwall became ill. The day after, he seemed to have recovered, but eight days later, his health deteriorated, and he was confined to bed. Suddenly, the maid Maja Stina Forsberg and one of the younger daughters of the family also became ill. Maja Stina Forsberg died the same night.

A doctor was called, discovered that the illness had been caused by poisoning, and administered antidote to Ekwall and the child. A post mortem was made of the body of Forsberg, and the result confirmed that she had been poisoned. The condition of Ekwall then improved, and he made good recovery. After having a cup of oat soup, however, he became ill again, and the same night, he died. The child, however, recovered completely.

The first arrests
The widow of Ekwall, Hedvig Christina, now pointed out the maid Hedda Thorman as her husband’s killer. She claimed that Thorman had given birth to a child in secret and killed it with the help of Maja Stina Forsberg, after which Thorman had killed Forsberg to preserve her secret. The question then remained, how Ekwall and his little daughter had consumed the poison.

Hedda Thorman was questioned, but it did not seem likely that she was guilty of the murder of Ekwall. She was, however, arrested and remanded in custody because of the separate accusation of having murdered the child she had allegedly given birth to. In connection to this, the eighteen-year-old Vilhem Ekwall, son of the dead Per Ekwall, was arrested and remanded in custody as he was suspected of being the father of Thorman’s alleged child. He was also now seen as a likely suspect for the murder of his father.

The second arrests
It was then established that Ekwall had been poisoned by the soup he had consumed. This had been prepared by Hedvig Christina Ekwall herself. Maja Stina Forsberg had scraped and eaten the leftovers from the pot, and the little daughter had then eaten from her father's plate.

The police also discovered that the eldest daughter, Sofia Maria, had sent for arsenic from the apothecary, with the intention of removing stains from her silk-dress. Vilhelm Ekwall was then released from jail.

The everyday life of the Ekwall family was investigated. It was discovered that Per Ekwall had been an alcoholic and a domestic tyrant. He had refused to give his daughter Sofia Maria permission to marry her fiancé, which was now thought to be the motive for her to poison him. Maja Stina Forsberg and the child were believed to have been poisoned by mistake. Sofia Maria was then arrested for the murder of her father.

After having spent some time in jail, Sofia Maria made a confession. She said that she had prepared a sandwich with poison in the presence of her mother and, with her consent, given it to Maja Stina Forsberg. But she denied that her mother had taken an active part in the murders.

Hedvig Christina Ekwall was taken in for questioning, and more and more incriminating circumstances became attributed to her, but no matter how many new statements were laid before her, she refused to admit anything. She was allowed to remain free to take care of her children.

Sofia Maria then changed her mind and started to point out her mother as an active accomplice in the murders; she now claimed that she and her mother had murdered her father together. Hedvig Christina Ekwall sternly denied her daughter's accusations, and reproached Sofia Maria for trying to put the blame on her own mother.

Sofia Maria Ekwall continued her confession and said that her mother had poisoned the soup, which made her father ill and killed Forsberg, and that she had poisoned the oat soup which had killed her father in his sick-bed after he had begun to recover from the first poisoning.

Trial and verdict
Hedvig Christina Ekwall refused to admit anything; no matter how many accusations, statements and incriminating circumstances were put before her, she was stern in her denial, and as there was no physical proof, she was released.

Hedda Thorman, who, during her time in prison had first admitted and then retracted her confession of having given birth to, and killed, an infant in secret, was also freed; the authorities now suspected that it was Sofia Maria who had done this.

Sofia Maria Ekwall was judged guilty of murder of her father and of Maja Stina Forsberg, and was sentenced to death. After having asked the King of Sweden for mercy, however, her sentence was changed to twenty eight days on bread and water, followed by life imprisonment. She was finally released from prison in 1876. Hedvig Christina Ekwall remained on Attarp mansion until 1849.

References
The manor Attarp: JBGF.se  website.
Sofia Maria Ekwall: Project Runeberg  website.

Literature
Wilhelmina Stålberg, Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (Notes on Swedish women)

1826 births
1897 deaths
Swedish female murderers
Swedish people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Sweden
Swedish prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Sweden
Recipients of Swedish royal pardons
19th-century Swedish criminals
Patricides
Poisoners
19th-century murders in Sweden
1845 murders in Europe


Giulio Lopes, (Poá, SP) is a Brazilian actor.

Biography
Born in Poá, São Paulo, Giulio Lopes made his first exhibition as an actor in the 1982 theater O Apocalipse ou o Capeta de Caruaru, by Aldomar Conrado, with "Caentrenós" group of amateur theater.

From then forth, the young man, that was a tradesman and started the administration course, decided to change the route of the career and study theater. In 1986, he received a scholarship in the Institute of Science and Art, and, in the next year, he was approved in the School of Theatrical Performance of the University of São Paulo.

Already in that epoch he participated in some publicist movies. However, it was only in the beginning of the 1990s that Giulio began to participate in telenovelas and miniseries of Rede Bandeirantes and Rede Globo.

Between 1990 and 1997, the actor dedicated himself to his company Capital Cenográfica, specialized in scenography.
Because the job withdrew him from the stages, Lopes decided to close the business and return to his career of an actor. He recaptured his career by participating in the 2001 theater Laços Eternos, of Zibia Gasparetto. He also acted as Berrão, character of the text of Plinio Marcos Homens de Papel, and integrated in the cast of O Enigma Blavatsky, of José Rubens Siqueira.

It was during the presentations of Homens de Papel that Giulio received an invitation to participate in the feature film Contra Todos, with the screenplay nd direction of Roberto Moreira. His actuation in the film gave him two prizes of best actor: in the 8th Cine PE and in the 14th FestNatal.

In 2005, he participated in other 3 films: Antônia (Tata Amaral), Querô (Carlos Cortez), and Os Doze Trabalhos (Ricardo Elias), with casting forecast to 2006.

In 2008, he participated in the film Meu Nome Não É Johnny (father of Estrella).

Works in Telenovelas
 Desejo Proibido
 Tempo Final
 Malhação
 A Grande Família
 Cristal – Régis
 Sandy & Junior
 Da Cor do Pecado
 Um Anjo Caiu do Céu
 Vila Madalena
 Por Amor
 Torre de Babel
 Andando nas Nuvens
 Suave Veneno – Waldecir

In filmography
 2008 – Verônica
 2008 – Meu Nome Não É Johnny 2008 – A Encarnação do Demônio 2007 – Casa em Ruínas 2007 – Duas Opções 2007 – Não Por Acaso 2007 – Querô – Delegado
 2007 – Os Doze Trabalhos – Officer
 2007 – Antônia – Antenor
 2003 – Contra Todos – Teodoro
 2002 – Viver no Carnaval In Theater
 2007 – O Inimigo do Povo 2003 – O Enigma Blavatsky 2002 – Homens de Papel 2001 – Laços Eternos 1982 – O Apocalipse ou o Capeta de Caruaru''

External links

 Official Website

References

Brazilian male actors
1959 births
Living people


Dr. Alan Jay Smith (born April, 1949) is a computer scientist and researcher in the field of development and applications of caching strategies and the measurement and analysis of computer storage systems with many important contributions to the field. He currently is professor emeritus at the EECS faculty of the University of California, Berkeley.

Selected awards
 1988: IEEE Fellow
 2001: ACM Fellow for "his highly cited paper on cache memories, for his contributions to performance measurement, and for his leadership in professional society activities"
 2003: A. A. Michelson Award by the Computer Measurement Group
 2006: Harry H. Goode Memorial Award by the IEEE Computer Society for "leadership in the measurement and evaluation of cache and memory system performance"
 2008: IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award for "contributions to the performance analysis of computer storage systems, including improvements to disk caches, prefetching and data placement"

References

External links

American computer scientists
Cache (computing)
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Living people
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
1951 births


8776 Campestris, provisional designation , is a stony background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Dutch astronomer couple  Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory, and Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named for the tawny pipit (Anthus campestris), a shorebird.

Orbit and classification

Campestris is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,612 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.

Survey designation

The survey designation "T-3" stands for the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio of astronomers are credited with the discovery of several thousand minor planets.

Naming

This minor planet is named for the passerine bird Anthus campestris, or tawny pipit. It is on the Dutch Red List of birds endangered in the Netherlands. It is also on the European Red List of Birds as of 2015. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999 ().

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

In 2012, two rotational lightcurves of Campestris were obtained from photometric observations taken at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of  and  hours with a brightness variation of 0.35 and 0.38 magnitude, respectively ().

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Campestris measures 10.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.058. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a higher albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 7.5 kilometers.

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

008776
2287
Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten
Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld
Discoveries by Tom Gehrels
Named minor planets
19771016


Mrs. Tutti Frutti is a 1921 Austrian silent film directed by Michael Curtiz.

Cast
 Lucy Doraine
 Alfons Fryland
 Josef König
 Oskar Sachs
 Armin Springer

See also
 Michael Curtiz filmography

References

External links

Films directed by Michael Curtiz
1921 films
Austrian black-and-white films
Austrian silent feature films


Sayed Mohammad Jaffar Shah (December 1911 – 21 March 1937) was an Indian field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics.

Early life and education
He was born in Shergarh, District Montgomery, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan). Jaffar received his education at the Aitchison College, Lahore and at the Government College, Lahore.

Playing career
In 1932 he was a member of the All India team that represented the country in field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics. The team won the gold medal. He played two matches as forward.

Four years later in 1936, he was again the member of the All India field hockey team. The team again won the gold medal for field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He played five matches as forward.

Death & memory
He died as a result of a shooting accident near Lahore on banks of river Ravi, in 1937.

A hockey pavilion was constructed at the Aitchison College Lahore in 1939 as a tribute to the memory of Jaffar and his services to field hockey in India.

Jaffar Memorial hockey tournament is organised annually by Ali Institute of Education in Lahore.

Grave and epitaph

The inscription in Urdu language on the gravestone reads:
"Syed Mohammad Jaffar Shah Kirmani son of Syed Nawazish Hussain Shah Kirmani"
"Date of Birth: December 1911. Date of Death: March 1937"

"(Late) Syed Mohammad Jaffar was one of the greatest players of (field) hockey, who was selected for 1928 for United India (All India) Olympics (field) hockey team but he could not participate in that global event due to his youthful age. In 1932, All India (field) hockey team participated in Los Angeles (USA) Olympics. He was considered one of the best players in the world on 'left-out'  position although he was one of the youngest. He participated once again in the 1936 global tournament as vice-captain. Out of magnanimity of his heart, he decided not to be a candidate for the captaincy in favour of Dhyan Chand, although initially, he was being considered as captain of this victorious team because of his professionalism and skill level. He was not only a brilliant sportsman and a great representative (plus an asset) of the country, he was also a figure of exemplary mannerism and conduct.

On a fateful evening in 1938, while on an hunting expedition on river Ravi near Lakho Dehar, he accidentally gave his life away to the river. He saddened his huge fan following and opted to respond to the call of the God."

"Gravestone laid down by Syed Javed Hassan son of (Late) Syed Mohammad Hassan"

An Urdu verse is also inscribed on the tombstone:
 وہی جواں ہے قبیلے کی آنکھ کا تارا شباب جس کا ہو بے داغ ضرب ہو کاری

References

External links

 Olympic profile
 Newsletter including a brief biography of Sayed Jaffar Shah
 How Alumni of Syed Mohammad Jafar's alma mater upheld his memory
 Reopening Jaffar Memorial Pavilion And New Memorial Ground Opening Ceremony

1911 births
1937 deaths
Field hockey players from Punjab, India
Olympic field hockey players for India
Field hockey players at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Indian male field hockey players
Olympic gold medalists for India
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Aitchison College alumni
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Deaths by firearm in India
Firearm accident victims
Accidental deaths in India


Fachtna Murphy (born 26 June 1947) is a former Irish Garda who served as Garda Commissioner from 2007 to 2010.

Prior to his appointment he was the Deputy Commissioner with responsibility for operational policing strategies in the Garda Síochána. He grew up in Timoleague, County Cork. He joined the Garda Síochána in 1967 and holds a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) Degree in Police Management and a Diploma in Management and Industrial Relations, and has also studied policing methods overseas at both the FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia, and at the Police College, Bramshill.

References

Garda Commissioners
Living people
People from Timoleague
1952 births
Police officers from County Cork


The  was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final days of World War II.

History
The Japanese 58th Army was formed on April 7, 1945, under the Japanese 17th Area Army as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in Jejudo (Saishuto) island during Operation Downfall.  The Japanese 58th Army consisted mostly of poorly trained reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia. It was demobilized at the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, without having seen combat.

List of Commanders

Commanding officer

Chief of Staff

References

External links

58
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Trevor Phillips (18 September 1952 – 11 November 2020) was an English professional footballer who played in The Football League for four clubs between 1969 and 1984.

Phillips was raised in the Oakwell area of Barnsley and attended Grove Street School. he went on to play for the Yorkshire Old Boys League, the youth English international team, and four football league clubs.

Playing career
Phillips began his career as an apprentice with Rotherham United, where he turned professional and made his debut during the 1969–70 season. Over the next decade Phillips made more than 300 Football League appearances for the Millers, scoring 80 goals.

In June 1979, Phillips moved to fellow Football League Division Three side Hull City, but the following March he joined Chester for a club record £55,000. Phillips made his debut in a 1–0 defeat at Plymouth Argyle on 15 March 1980, alongside Ian Rush, and went on to be a regular in the side before joining Stockport County on loan in March 1982. He finished as the club's joint highest scorer in 1980–81 with seven goals.

Phillips returned to Chester to play for the club in their final game of the season but then made a permanent switch to Edgeley Park in the summer of 1982. However, he was back at Chester for the start of the 1983–84 season on a non–contract basis. He was released by the club in February 1984, shortly after the arrival of new manager John McGrath. Along with Trevor Storton, Phillips joined non-league side Oswestry Town. He spent two years with Oswestry before finishing playing.

After leaving professional football, Phillips began working as a painter and decorator while living in Tarvin near Chester.

He died in November 2020, aged 68.

Career honours

Rotherham United

Football League Division Four promotion as third place team: 1974–75.

References

External links

1952 births
2020 deaths
Footballers from Rotherham
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
English Football League players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Oswestry Town F.C. players


Giovanni Vincenzo Bolgeni (22 January 1733 in Bergamo, Italy – 3 May 1811 in Rome, Italy) was a Jesuit theologian and controversialist.

Life

He entered the Society of Jesus on 31 October 1747, taught theology and philosophy in Macerata, and was a member of the Society when it was suppressed by Clement XIV. Henceforth he devoted himself to theological argument, and in recognition of his signal services against Jansenism and Josephinism, Pius IV appointed him Theologian-Penitentiary, an office of which he was deprived by Pius VII on account of the Jacobin principles he tolerated and advocated during the occupation of Rome by Napoleon I.

Works

Of Bolgeni's theological writings, the best known was Della carità o amor di Dio (Rome, 1788). In it he endeavored to refute the Dominican de Rubeis by arguing that the theological virtue of charity consists in loving God as he is good to us and not as he is absolute goodness. This position won for him criticism from Teofilo Cristiani, fictitious author of Lettera theologica-critica sull' amor di Dio (1791) that he held purely servile fear a sufficient motive for attrition, and from his former Jesuit comrades Mazzarelli (1790–91), Regono (1791), Cortes (1790–93), Chantre y Herrera (1790–92) and Gentilini (1803). He did not attempt to answer the searching criticism of his doctrine contained in Palestrina's Idea genuina della carità o amor di Dio (1800).

In addition to his original work he contributed to the controversy, Schiarimenti in confermazione e difesa della sua dissertazione (Rome, 1788, Foligno, 1790), and Apologia dell' amor di Dio detto di concupiscenza (Foligno, 1792). As Theologian-Penitentiary he edited a novel defense of probabilism under the caption Il posesso, principio fondamentale per decidere i casi morali. The second part of this work, Dissertazione seconda fra le morali sopra gli atti umani (Cremona, 1816; Orvieto, 1853), together with a treatise on usury, published under his name but probably not written by him, appeared after his death. The defense of probabilism aroused a storm of controversy, and among the noted anti-probabilists who engaged in the discussion may be mentioned the Bishop of Assisi (1798), Cajetan Maria de Fulgore (1798), Canon John Trinch of the Cathedral of Trivoli (1850), and Montbach (1857). Of these Trinch added to his Il Bolgenismo Confuto a "digression on the necessity of confessing all mortal sins, whether certain or doubtful, just as they are in conscience."

Attacks on Jansenism, Josephinism, and Jacobinism
Not long after the suppression of the Society of Jesus he entered the lists with the Society's traditional enemy, Jansenism, by publishing Esame della vera idea della Santa Sede (Macerata, 1785; Foligno, 1791), a work undertaken in criticism of the Jansenistic doctrines contained in La Vera Idea della Santa Sede by Pietro Tamburini, a professor of the University of Paris. Several replies to the criticisms of Tamburini and to the censures of the Archpriest Guadagnini were published in rapid succession. In 1787, he wrote Stato de' bambini morti senza battesimo, and in it attacked the doctrine of Guadagnini that infants dying without Baptism are doomed to the torments of Hell. This controversy over, he devoted his pen to defending the juridical powers of the hierarchy, cataloging the errors of the day, and combating the principles of Josephinism in Austria and of the Revolution in France.

His publications at this period were: Fatti dommatici ossia dell' infallibilità della chiesa nel decidere sulla dottrina buona, o cattiva de' libri (Brescia, 1788); Specchio istorico da servive di preservatio contra gli errori correnti (1789); L'episcopato ossia della potesta di govenare la Chiesa (1789). These literary labors led to his appointment by Pius VI as Theologian-Penitentiary and in this capacity his issued a defense of L'episcopato (Rome, 1791) and Dissertazione sulla giurisdizione ecclesiastica (Rome, 1791), a refutation of George Sicard's contention that the powers of orders and jurisdiction were identical. About the same time he renewed his attacks on Guadagnini and Tamburini, refuting what he saw as the former's state-deifying proclivities in L'Economia della Fede Cristiana (Brescia, 1790) and the latter's anti-ecclesiasticism in Problema si i Giansenisti siano Giacobini (Rome, 1794). L'Economia della Fede Cristiana was incorporated by Jacques Paul Migne in his Démonstrations Evangéliques, vol. XVIII.

After Napoleon I seized Rome, Bolgeni favored the anti-regal oath of allegiance imposed by the conqueror.  He defended this change of front, but was obliged to make a retraction in the presence of the cardinals assembled at Vienna for the election of a pope. His writings during this stage of his career were:

 Parere sui giuramento civico (Rome, 1798);
 Sentimenti de' professori della universita del Collegio Romano sopra il giuramento prescritto dalla Republica Romana (Rome, an. VII);
 Sentimenti sul giuramento civico (Rome, an. VII)
 Metamorfosi del dott Gio. Marchetti, da penitenziere mutato in penitente (1800)
 Parere . . . sull' alienazione de' beni ecclesiastici;
 Sciarimenti to confirm the preceding.

After his death a work was edited, believed by some to be from his pen, Dei limiti delle due potesta ecclesiatica e secolare (Florence, 1849), and it was put on the index donec corrigatur. It is most probably unauthentic.

References

 cites:
Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator, III, 530;
Augustin de Backer, Bibl. des escriv. de la c. de J. II, 70;
Sommervogel, Bibl. de la c. de J., I, 1611;

External links
Giovanni Vincenzo Bolgeni in the Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University

1733 births
1811 deaths
18th-century Italian Jesuits
18th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
Clergy from Bergamo


Stephen Gugel Doig (born March 28, 1960) is a former professional American football player who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions (1982–1984) and the New England Patriots ( 1986–1987)
He was a 3rd round selection (69th overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions out of the University of New Hampshire. While attending North Reading High School, he was also a hockey player.

Doig was the ECAC Player of the Year and Yankee Conference Player of the Year.  He was the Defensive Captain in the Blue–Gray Bowl. He played in nine games for the Detroit Lions in 1982 and in nine games in 1983.  Steve had 17 solo tackles and 2 assists in sixteen games for the Detroit Lions in 1984. He did not play professional football in 1985.

Doig was signed as a free agent by the New England Patriots in 1986 and played in five games, recorded 1 solo tackle and recovered a fumble by Andra Franklin on his kickoff return in the Patriots' 34-27 win over the Miami Dolphins on December 22, 1986.
He played in one regular season game for the New England Patriots in the 1987 season and in their playoff game on January 4, 1987. He wore uniform # 59 for the New England Patriots.

References

1960 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Melrose, Massachusetts
Players of American football from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
American football linebackers
New Hampshire Wildcats football players
Detroit Lions players
New England Patriots players


Madeline in London is a children's picture book by Ludwig Bemelmans. It features popular children's character Madeline. It was published in the August 1961 issue of Holiday Magazine, complete with Bemelmans's drawings. It was first published in book form by Viking Press in 1961.

Plot
Madeline and her class, accompanied by Miss Clavel, journey to London to visit their friend Pepito, the son of the Spanish Ambassador. Pepito used to be the neighbor of Madeline and the other students but had to move to London and is sad. The visit by his friends is a special surprise.

Ludwig Bemelmans,
Publisher: Viking Juvenile
   Edition: Hardcover; 1961-10-06

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110604122600/http://isbndb.com/d/book/madeline_in_london_a02.html

Notes

1961 children's books
American picture books
Children's fiction books
London in fiction
Children's books set in London


Thunderbird Field was a military airfield in Glendale, Arizona, used for contract primary flight training of Allied pilots during World War II. Created in part by actor James Stewart, the field became part of the United States Army Air Forces training establishment just prior to American entry into the war and was re-designated Thunderbird Field #1 after establishment of Thunderbird Field#2 at nearby Scottsdale, on 22 June 1942. Thunderbird # 1 is located southeast of the intersection of West Greenway Road & North 59th Avenue in Glendale, Arizona.

After the conclusion of World War II, the property was sold as surplus for educational purposes, eventually becoming Thunderbird School of Global Management, a post-graduate business school. In November 2018 the property was transferred to Arizona Christian University. ACU now operates its undergraduate liberal arts university on the site.

Television producer Gerry Anderson names Thunderbird Field as the inspiration for the naming of the television show Thunderbirds as his brother, Lionel, was once stationed there.

History
Thunderbird Field began in 1939 as a collaborative project by Hollywood agent and producer Leland Hayward, former Air Service pilot John H. "Jack" Connelly, and Life magazine photographer John Swope, founders of Southwest Airways. Backed by investors who included James Stewart, singer-actor Hoagy Carmichael, Cary Grant, Henry Fonda, Robert Taylor, and Margaret Sullavan, construction of the pilot training facility near Glendale, Arizona, began on 2 January 1941, and was completed in three months.

The site,  from central Phoenix, was laid out by artist Millard Sheets to resemble (from the air) an etching of a mythical Ancestral Puebloan Thunderbird. The control tower formed the feathered tail of the bird, the administration buildings and barracks its body, the hangars its wings, and the gardens its head. The installation was situated on the southeast corner of what is now West Greenway Road and North 59th Avenue. To the southeast, adjacent to its single-story sage, cream, and terra cotta-colored buildings of Spanish Colonial rancheria design, was a square  ramp area. Across West Greenway Road to the south was the airfield itself with three  runways.

Contractor Del Webb Construction built a hexagonal barracks, administrative building, mess hall and four hangars on the site, plus twin swimming pools. The US Army Air Forces signed a contract with Southwest Airways to provide instructors and facilities for a primary training school for its aviation cadets in March 1941, beginning with a class of 59 candidates. Eventually 10,000 pilots from 30 nations trained at the field before it was deactivated in June 1945.

A 1942 Hollywood movie in Technicolor, Thunder Birds (directed by William Wellman), was filmed on location at the field in the spring of 1942. Aerial shots clearly show the original Thunderbird design.

Four unpaved satellite airfields were operated by Thunderbird Field between 1942 and 1944:

 Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-1 (33.64N 112.10W), northeast of West Bell Road and North 19th Avenue;
 Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-2 (33.65N 112.24W), in Sun City northwest of West Union Hills Road and North 83rd Avenue;
 Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-3 (33.58N 112.10W), at West Peoria Avenue and North 19th Avenue;
 Thunderbird #1 Auxiliary Airfield A-4, at West Pinnacle Peak Road and North 43rd Avenue.

Southwest Airways expanded the training complex with the building of two other airfields, Falcon Field at Mesa in September 1941, and Thunderbird Field#2 in Scottsdale in June 1942.

After World War II
Following the end of World War II, Thunderbird Field was declared surplus by the War Assets Administration in 1946. That same year, Thunderbird was purchased for $1 from the federal government by Lt. General Barton K. Yount, retired commander of the Army Air Forces Training Command. He established the American Institute for Foreign Trade and became its first president.

Classes began on the site within a few months, but the airfield at Thunderbird may have continued in operation alongside the new school for some time. Thunderbird Field was apparently closed (permanently) at some point within the next year.

Thunderbird Field inspired the name of Thunderbirds, a British mid-1960s television show that used marionettes. The eldest brother of Gerry Anderson, the creator of the show had been stationed at the base and wrote about his experience there.

Historical structures
Today the location of the school is known currently as Arizona Christian University. The campus still contains many original airfield buildings, including the airfield control tower (which has been restored), barracks, and one large airplane hangar.

See also

 Arizona World War II Army Airfields
 37th Flying Training Wing (World War II)
 List of historic properties in Glendale, Arizona

References

 Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas
 Nalty, Bernard C. (1997). "Reaction to the War in Europe", Winged Shield, Winged Sword:A History of the United States Air Force, Air University Press, USAF Washington, D.C. , pp. 177–178.
 Orson Falk, Thunder Birds, Random House (1942).
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC

External links
 Arizona Memory Project – period photographs –  including photos of key founders Connelly, Hayward and Swope
 Thunderbird Field – period photographs

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Arizona
Transportation in Glendale, Arizona
USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
Buildings and structures in Glendale, Arizona
Airports in Maricopa County, Arizona
History of Maricopa County, Arizona
Military installations closed in 1946


Edrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Bill Edrich (1916–1986), English cricketer, Middlesex and England batsman
 Brian Edrich (1922–2009), English cricketer, Kent and Glamorgan batsman
 Eric Edrich (1914–1993), English cricketer, Lancashire wicket-keeper
 Geoff Edrich (1918–2004), English cricketer, Lancashire batsman
 John Edrich (1937–2020), English cricketer, Surrey and England batsman
 Justin Edrich (born 1961), English cricketer, Suffolk batsman


TAP2 is a gene in humans that encodes the protein Antigen peptide transporter 2.

Function

The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.  ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes.  ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White).  This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily.  Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance.  This gene is located 7 kb telomeric to gene family member ABCB2 (TAP1).  The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antigen presentation.  This protein forms a heterodimer with ABCB2 in order to transport peptides from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum.  Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, schizophrenia, and celiac disease.  Alternative splicing of this gene produces two products which differ in peptide selectivity and level of restoration of surface expression of MHC class I molecules.

See also
 ATP-binding cassette transporter

References

Further reading

External links

ATP-binding cassette transporters


Alfons Fryland (1 May 1888 – 29 November 1953) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in 47 films between 1921 and 1933. He was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria) and died in Graz, Austria.

Selected filmography

 Labyrinth des Grauens (1921)
 The Eternal Struggle (1921)
 Kean (1921)
 Frau Dorothys Bekenntnis (1921)
 Herzogin Satanella (1921)
 Mrs. Tutti Frutti (1921)
 The Marriage of Princess Demidoff (1922)
 Prashna's Secret (1922)
 Lucrezia Borgia (1922)
 Between Evening and Morning (1923)
 Carousel (1923)
 Daisy (1923)
 The Chain Clinks (1923)
 Victim of Love (1923)
 Quo Vadis (1924)
 Arabella (1924)
 By Order of Pompadour (1924)
 The Creature (1924)
 Women You Rarely Greet (1925)
 The Island of Dreams (1925)
 The Woman without Money (1925)
 I Love You (1925)
 Fire of Love (1925)
 Hidden Fires (1925)
 The Ones Down There (1926)
 She Is the Only One (1926)
 Fedora (1926)
 I Liked Kissing Women (1926)
 The Son of Hannibal (1926)
 A Serious Case (1927)
 Make Up (1927)
 Charlotte Somewhat Crazy (1928)
 The Fate of the House of Habsburg (1928)
 The Chaste Coquette (1929)
 Roses Bloom on the Moorland (1929)
 Once at Midnight (1929)
 Ship in Distress (1929)
 A Storm Over Zakopane (1931)
 The Night of Decision (1931)

References

External links

Photographs of Alfons Fryland

1888 births
1953 deaths
Austrian male film actors
Austrian male silent film actors
Male actors from Vienna
20th-century Austrian male actors


Carlyle Carrol Tapsell (July 24, 1909 – September 6, 1975) was an Indian field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1932 he was a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal. He played two matches as back. Four years later he was again a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal. He played four matches as back. He was born in Adra, India. He studied in St. George's College, Mussoorie, India, which produced six Olympic hockey player (Earnest and William Goodsir-Cullen, George Marthins, Michael Gateley, Lionel Emmett, and Tapsell).

External links

 Carlyle Tapsell at databaseOlympics
 Carlyle Tapsell at Sports Reference

1909 births
1975 deaths
People from Purulia district
Field hockey players from West Bengal
Olympic field hockey players for India
Field hockey players at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Indian male field hockey players
Olympic gold medalists for India
Anglo-Indian people
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Indian emigrants to Australia
Australian people of Anglo-Indian descent


Enrique Martínez Heredia (born 27 January 1953 in Huesa) is a Spanish former road bicycle racer. He won the young rider classification in the 1976 Tour de France. As an amateur he won the Tour de l'Avenir. He also won the Volta a Catalunya in 1976 and the Spanish National Road Race Championship in 1978.

External links

1953 births
Spanish male cyclists
Living people
Spanish Vuelta a España stage winners
Sportspeople from the Province of Jaén (Spain)
Cyclists from Andalusia

Vuelta a Asturias winners


The  was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final days of World War II.

History
The Japanese 57th Army was formed on April 8, 1945, under the Japanese 16th Area Army as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in southern Kyūshū during Operation Downfall.  The Japanese 57th Army was based in Takarabe town, Kagoshima Prefecture. It consisted mostly of poorly trained reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia.

Although the Japanese were able to raise large numbers of new soldiers, equipping them was more difficult.  By August, the Japanese Army had the equivalent of 65 divisions in the homeland but only enough equipment for 40 and only enough ammunition for 30.

The Japanese did not formally decide to stake everything on the outcome of the Battle of Kyūshū, but they concentrated their assets to such a degree that there would be little left in reserve. By one estimate, the forces in Kyūshū had 40% of all the remaining ammunition in the Home Islands.

In addition, the Japanese had organized the Patriotic Citizens Fighting Corps—which included all healthy men aged 15–60 and women 17–40—to perform combat support, and ultimately combat jobs.  Weapons, training, and uniforms were generally lacking: some men were armed with nothing better than muzzle-loading muskets, longbows, or bamboo spears; nevertheless, they were expected to make do with what they had.

The 57th Army was demobilized at the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, without having seen combat.

List of Commanders

Notes

References

External links

57
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Highway 25 is a rural highway in southern Israel. It begins northwest of Nahal Oz at the border with the Gaza Strip, and it passes through Netivot, Beersheba and Dimona. It continues southeast toward Arava Junction, where it meets Highway 90. Its length is estimated by the Israeli Department of Transportation as  and 780 meters.

Junctions & Interchanges

Hazardous road
Highway 25 was declared as a red road by the Israeli police in 2015.

References

See also

 List of highways in Israel

25


The Panhard M3 VTT (French: Véhicule de Transport de Troupes) is an amphibious armoured personnel carrier. Developed as a private venture for the export market, the M3 was built with the same mechanical and chassis components as the Panhard AML range of light armoured cars. The two vehicle types share a 95% interchangeability of automotive parts. The M3 is an extremely versatile design which can be configured for a wide variety of auxiliary battlefield roles. The most popular variants of the base personnel carrier included an armoured ambulance, a mobile command post, and an internal security vehicle. It could also be fitted with a wide variety of turrets and armament, ranging from a single general-purpose machine gun to medium calibre autocannon.

The M3's relatively light weight and the location of its air and exhaust outlets on the hull roof made it possible to design it as an amphibious vehicle. The M3 is propelled at a modest speed of 4 km/h through water by all four wheels. Although never adopted by the French Army, the M3 series was procured in vast quantities by foreign armies and security forces, especially in Africa and the Middle East. By the time production ceased in 1986, it was the most common wheeled APC produced by any Western nation in the world.

Development history
The Panhard M3 was the result of a 1959 design study requested by the Direction des Etudes et Fabrications d'Armement (DEFA) for an amphibious APC based on the same chassis as the Panhard AML. However, the design proposal was not adopted by the French Army. In 1967, design work on a single prototype began anyway, with the objective of export sales. While the amphibious APC programme was underway, the concept was simply known as the Véhicule Transport de Troupes, or VTT.

The first VTT prototype was completed in August 1969 and incorporated a very simple boxlike hull with vertical sides, a flat roofline, and a single 7.5mm AA-52 machine gun in a Creusot-Loire CAFL-38S turret. External access to the hull was through two large entry doors on each side and twin doors at the rear of the troop compartment. The AML chassis and drive train underwent some detail modifications but the overall design remained basically unchanged despite the addition of the new hull. The same Panhard four-cylinder engine type developing 97hp was retained from the AML; however, due to the much heavier hull this left it somewhat underpowered for its weight class. The engine was also relocated from the rear of the chassis to the centre, directly behind the driver's position, to accommodate the rear troop compartment. The wheelbase of the prototype was also increased from 2.5 to 2.7m and the track from 1.6 to 2m.

One major criticism of the early VTT was that there was no provision for the embarked troops to fire their personal weapons from inside the vehicle, necessitating a minor redesign of the hull. The new hull had sloped rather than perfectly vertical sides angled for ballistic ricochet; the upper part of each hull side was also provided with three roof hatches. The hatch covers could be lifted for observation and to fire personal weapons at external targets. The two large doors at the rear of the troop compartment were also provided with firing ports. It was this version of the VTT which was approved for serial production as the Panhard M3 in April 1971. At the time, the two largest foreign clients for Panhard military vehicles were Saudi Arabia and Iraq, both of which had invested heavily in the AML series and were persuaded to purchase large numbers of M3s to complement their preexisting fleet. The first production M3s were manufactured for the Royal Saudi Army, which ordered 150. Another 60 were ordered by Iraq shortly afterwards. By 1972, more export orders had been placed by the national armies of Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Lebanon, and Zaire. The United Arab Emirates Army went on to become the single largest operator of the M3, ordering 198 in 1978. The Iraqi Army was a close second, with 156 in service. The last production vehicles were completed for Iraq and Algeria and delivered by 1985. At this time, 1,180 M3s had been produced. The vehicle type was in service in 26 nations worldwide.

The M3 design had remained identical in over two decades of serial production, and Panhard recognized that its basic technology had become quite dated by the 1980s. In 1983 the firm began work on a modernised derivative of the M3 known as the Panhard Buffalo. The Buffalo had an increased wheelbase and could be fitted with either a diesel or petrol engine. Its hull was fitted with external stowage boxes that gave it somewhat bulkier appearance than its predecessor; these boxes were also designed to detach during a land mine explosion, and thereby preserve the integrity of the hull. The internal layout of the new vehicle was identical to the M3 and parts compatibility was retained with the M3 and AML. The Panhard Buffalo did not enjoy the same export success as the M3 and serial production was only carried out on an as-needed basis. A very small number was purchased by Colombia and several Francophone African states.

Description

The Panhard M3 was built on the drive train and chassis of the Panhard AML, albeit with a few detail modifications such as a longer wheelbase and wider track. Nearly all of its mechanical components are interchangeable with those found on the AML. The vehicle is fully amphibious and can enter water with minimal preparation. It is propelled and steered in water by its wheels, but was designed for crossing lakes and small rivers rather than deploying at sea. The M3 lacks specialised night vision equipment and is not normally fitted with an NBC overpressure system, although this was offered as an option by Panhard.

The hull of the M3 is of all-welded steel construction varying in thickness from 8mm to 12mm. The hull has a horizontal roofline and a pointed, tapering front with a well-sloped glacis plate, similar to that of the AML. Both hull sides are vertical to a point before sloping inwards to accommodate additional crew hatches. The bottom of the hull structure is welded to a shallow vee to partly deflect the explosive force of a land mine.

The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and provided with a single hatch cover in the glacis plate opening to the right. The hatch cover is fitted with three integral periscopes for driving when it is closed. The engine and transmission are housed in a compartment directly to the driver's rear. Air is drawn through intakes in the hull roof, with the exhaust pipes running on either side of the roofline. All the interior space to the rear of the engine and transmission is the troop compartment. Aside from the driver, the M3 can carry eleven passengers. Two are seated in the centre of the hull, three on either side of the hull facing outwards, and another three facing the rear. There are three hatches on either side of the hull which lift upwards for observation or engaging targets in the surrounding terrain with personal weapons. There are also two auxiliary hatches in the roofline, one directly to the driver's rear and another at the very rear of the troop compartment. The infantry section debarks from two entry doors on either side of the hull or from two entry doors at the rear of the hull. If needed, the troop compartment can be reconfigured to carry up to a tonne of cargo.

The M3 is powered by a four-cylinder, air-cooled Panhard 4HD petrol engine inherited from the AML. This engine has a diminutive 2-litre displacement and a compression ratio of 7:1, enabling it to run on low octane fuel. It had a reliable reputation and was rated for a mileage of 26,000 kilometres before needing major overhaul. However, the engine was also regarded as somewhat underpowered for the M3 design and unsuitable for propelling the APC at higher speeds off-road.

Variants
 M3 VTT: Standard production model. This was normally armed with a single general-purpose machine gun mounted externally in front of the commander's hatch. Different gun shields were fitted to the machine gun depending on the type specified, although the most common choices were the FN MAG, the Rheinmetall MG3, the AA-52, and the Browning M1919. Twin machine gun mounts could also be fitted.
M3 VAT: Repair and recovery variant. This carried a generator, inspection lamps, tow bars, cables, and welding equipment. The number of passengers was reduced to three.
M3 VDA: Air defence variant armed with twin Hispano-Suiza 820 SL 20mm autocannon in a one-man turret. The weapons have a maximum elevation of +85° and a depression of -5°, and a cyclic rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute or up to 1,000 rounds per minute if the vehicle is stabilised by four hydraulic jacks. There are 650 stowed rounds of 20mm ammunition on board. The turret is fully powered and can be traversed 360° in three seconds, or elevated to maximum elevation in two seconds. It is also provided with an ESD RA-20 Doppler radar with the capacity to track four incoming targets simultaneously at a range of 8 km. This was the heaviest M3 variant to ever reach production, and weighs over 7 tonnes.
M3 VLA: Engineering variant fitted with a 2.2m-wide bulldozer blade for clearing obstacles. This can carry five passengers but most of the troop compartment has been reconfigured for internal stowage.
M3 VPC: Mobile command post variant with mapboards and extra radio equipment. The troop compartment has been reconfigured for the placement of teletype sets and short-range as well as long-range communications equipment. The VPC had four batteries instead of the usual two and six antenna mounts.
M3 VTS: Armoured ambulance variant reconfigured to carry four stretchers in the troop compartment. It has an unusually large one-piece rear door rather than the smaller twin rear doors on the VTT.
M3 Toucan: Air defence variant armed with a M963 dual-feed or M621 single-feed 20mm autocannon and a co-axial machine gun in a cupola mount. The autocannon has an elevation of +50° and a depression of -13°.
M3 VTM: Mortar tractor variant. This was a modified VTT with the crew compartment reconfigured for ammunition stowage and a hitch for towing a heavy mortar.
M3 VPM: Mortar carrier variant with a turreted 81mm gun-mortar. This was a VTT with an extensively modified roofline that eliminated most of the crew hatches and added a large turret ring, necessary to accommodate the size of the mortar turret. The VPM was the most heavily armed variant of the M3 ever proposed. It had a crew of four and could carry 60 mortar projectiles in its hull.
M3 VTT 60 B: Mortar carrier variant with a turreted 60mm gun-mortar. This was a VTT modified to carry the same Brandt Mle CM60A1 gun-mortar as the Panhard AML-60, albeit in a smaller turret which eliminated the co-axial machine guns. Rather, a single machine gun was mounted externally over the rearmost roof hatch.
M3 VTT TH: Tank destroyer variant armed with a mount for four HOT anti-tank guided missiles. The missile mount has a maximum elevation of +22° and a depression of -10°. Ten additional missiles are stowed inside the hull. The VTT TH has a crew of three. Like the M3 VTS, the VTT TH has a single one-piece rear door rather than the smaller twin doors normally found on the standard VTT.
M3 Internal Security: Internal security variant. This had a slightly revised crew compartment able to accommodate ten passengers, as well as twin grenade launchers mounted externally at the rearmost hatch for firing riot control agents.
Bosbok: M3 VTT produced in South Africa under licence. The Bosbok was almost completely identical to the baseline VTT, but was powered by a South African six-cylinder, liquid-cooled engine. Only 3 were ever produced, as the South African military shelved the programme to refocus on the development of the Ratel infantry fighting vehicle.

Upgrades
A number of defence contractors offer extensive overhauls of the M3 chassis and hull to extend the vehicle's service life and improve its utility on modern battlefields. One particularly ambitious rebuild was proposed by Saymar, an Israeli firm, for the M3 VTT as well as the VLA and VPC variants. This entailed the replacement of the elderly Model 4HD petrol engine with a more fuel-efficient Toyota 2LT diesel engine. Other upgrades included a modified electrical system with a new voltage regulator and starter, the installation of an air conditioning unit, the replacement of the M3's drum brakes with new disc brakes, powered steering, and a new intercom and telecommunications system. The VLA rebuild includes the addition of a 2-tonne recovery crane to the base vehicle, while the VPC rebuild incorporates new mapboards and increased interior lighting.

Another M3 modernisation programme is being marketed by a subsidiary of the Saudi Military Industries Corporation. As part of the Saudi rebuild, the Model 4HD petrol engine is replaced by a new four-cylinder, liquid-cooled diesel turbocharged engine developing 102 hp (75 kW). Other upgrades include power steering, vacuum brakes, and the replacement of the Panhard electromagnetic clutch with a more conventional hydraulic pressure plate clutch.

Combat history

Middle East
At least 60 M3 VTTs were delivered to the Lebanese Army in 1970-73  and saw considerable action during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), with some being loaned to the Internal Security Forces (ISF) in 1976. Following the collapse of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in January that year, a significant number of these vehicles fell into the hands of the competing militias, notably the Lebanese Arab Army (LAA), the Army of Free Lebanon (AFL), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Al-Mourabitoun, Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF), and the Tigers Militia. A few M3 VTTs were again captured by the Lebanese Forces (LF) militia from the Lebanese Army during the Elimination War in 1990, and remained in service with the LF Military Police corps until the end of the Civil War in October that year.

Ireland  purchased a number of vehicles in the early 1970s in the context of the internal security problems arising from the paramilitary activity in Northern Ireland.  The vehicles were not well suited to the role, having a very distinct sound signature whilst the twin FN MAGs in the Creusot-Loire TL.21.80 turret were not capable of accurate fire. A small number were deployed with the Irish UN forces in Lebanon but were regarded as underpowered and lacking manoeuvrability and were eventually replaced with Finnish SISU XA-180 APCs.

List of operators

Current operators
: 246
: 55; 50 operational.
: 110
: 11 donated by Abu Dhabi.
: 13
: 9
: 15
: 9
: 58
: 7
: 244; 44 operational in 2012.
: 18
: 12
: 30; 15 operational.
: 10 M3VTT; all modernized in Israel in 2010.
: 12
: 54
: 32
: 18

: 5; captured from Morocco during the Western Sahara War.
: 150; all modernized by the Military Industries Corporation.
: 16
: 16
: 5

Former operators
: 8; inherited from Portugal.
: 44
: 37 - use by Malaysian Royal Armoured Corps
: Between 6 and 8 purchased from France in 1970; all abandoned in Angola after the Alvor Agreement.
: 23
 National Liberation Front of Angola: 1
: Denoted as the Bosbok. At least 3 were built under licence.

See also
Panhard AML
Panhard VCR
List of AFVs

Notes

References

Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Armoured personnel carriers of France
M3
Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s
Armoured personnel carriers of the Cold War
Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles
Amphibious armoured personnel carriers


is a closing pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in Nippon Professional Baseball. His uniform number is 29.

External links

1980 births
Japanese baseball coaches
Japanese baseball players
Living people
Nippon Professional Baseball coaches
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Saitama Seibu Lions players
Seibu Lions players
Baseball people from Saitama Prefecture
Tokyo Yakult Swallows players


Madeline's Christmas is an illustrated children's picture book by Ludwig Bemelmans. It features Bemelman's popular children's character Madeline. It was first published in 1956 as a special book insert to McCalls Magazine, but it wasn't issued independently until 1985.

Plot
The day before Christmas, eleven girls and Miss Clavel catch a cold, except Madeline. Madeline has to take care of the sick and clean the house all by herself. Thanks to the sudden appearance of a mysterious carpet merchant, she is helped and everyone's colds are cured. In fact, the carpet merchant is a magician. And he casts a spell and turns the carpet into a flying vehicle. The girls can go home by that and live at their parents' house for the Christmas holidays. The story ends with everyone returning to the house at the start of the new year.

In the 1990 television version of this story, an old lady named Madame Marie replaces the magician.
And instead of the girls going home, their parents are visited to school and spend Christmas togerther.

Details
 Madeline's Christmas by Ludwig Bemelmans. Publisher: New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Viking Kestrel, 1985.

Trivia
Bemelmans is known to have spent a large amount of time before completing a single picture book.
Once he had completed a prototype, he published it in magazines to gauge the reaction of readers. Based on the results, he repeatedly improved his work.Only when he was satisfied with the final product did he publish it as an official picture book.
This work, too, was still in the prototyping stage, the story was to be revised to focus on the wizard who appears in the work, but Bemelmans died without completing it.
Therefore, the story as it appeared in the magazine was published as a picture book.

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082335/http://isbndb.com/d/book/madelines_christmas.html

1956 children's books
1985 children's books
American picture books
Children's fiction books
Christmas children's books
Children's books set in Paris
Works originally published in McCall's
Children's books about magic


Henderson is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for Hipolito Yrigoyen Partido.

The economy of the town and locality is dominated by agriculture and farming.

People from Henderson
Claudio Caniggia, former footballer
Antonio Piergüidi, current footballer
Alejandro Ávila, musician

Radio and TV
FM Bangkok 91.9 MHz. - LRI 968
FM Amanecer 92.5 MHz. - LRI 970
FM Color 96.7
FM Luz de mi ciudad 100.1
TL2 - Canal 2 Cablevisión

External links

 Henderson Weather Station

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province


Class E 499.1 electric locomotives were constructed and built by Škoda Works in Plzeň for use in Czechoslovakia by the ČSD. They were also used outside Czechoslovakia in Poland as class EP05 and in the Soviet Union as ЧС3 (ChS3). In North Korea, licence built copies were used (100 series).

After the fall of the iron curtain and consequent upheavals in railway operations they remain in use with a number of railways. Still in the 1980s ČSD locomotives were renumbered to the class 141. After dividing Czechoslovakia in 1993 all locos of this class have remained in Czech republic.

History
The locomotive was produced in the years 1957-1960 in three types. 20E1, the prototype, different from serial production, 30E1 and 30E2. 61 engines were built in those series.

The prototype (E499.101) came into service on February 29, 1959. Most of locomotives stationed in Prague, but some of them were sent to Ústí nad Labem and Česká Třebová. Currently the whole series is being systematically withdrawn with last units used in Prague, Olomouc and Ústí nad Labem.

Technical data
Class E499.1 electric locomotives are used to pull both passenger and freight trains. They have driving cabs on either end of the box. This engine was not suited for multiple steering and shunting purposes. On a straight, horizontal track it could pull 600 t. passenger trains with the speed of up to 120 km/h and 1000 t. freight trains with the speed of 80 km/h.

Service in other countries

Poland

EU05
In need of modern electric locomotives for passenger trains, and unable to get timely delivery of EU06 locomotives from England, Poland bought 30 locomotives Type 44E from its southern neighbours. In 1961 it was the most modern locomotive running on Polish rail tracks. EU05 locomotives pulled fast passenger trains and were based in Warszawa Odolany and later in Warszawa Olszynka Grochowska depots. Those locomotives serviced chiefly connections from Warsaw to Poznań and Katowice.

EP05

In 1969 PKP started testing several changes to enable EU05 locomotives to achieve speeds up to 160 km/h. It appeared to be possible thanks to changing the transmission and as a result by 1977 almost all locomotives had been rebuilt to EP05 class, except for locomotives 09, 12 and 19 which had been scrapped earlier. To distinguish the new series from its predecessor, the color scheme was changed from two-tone green to orange.

Present day
There are two units of EU05/EP05 left in service, which are in fact EP05-22 engine repainted in 2003. It serves as an exhibit in Kraków. And EP05-23 which was obtained by PKP Intercity  and repainted into orange livery in 2017. EP05-23 is in planned service as an active exhibit

Soviet Union and Russia

ЧС3 (ChS3)

In 1960 and 1961 87 units of similar type 29E were built for the Soviet Union railways. They were suited to run on the broad gauge rails and received ЧС3 (ChS3) designation. Several units of this locomotive are still in use within Russian Railways pulling mostly passenger trains. In Russia ЧС3 are very often used in pairs.

North Korea
After buying a number of Czechoslovak-built Škoda Type 22E2 type locomotives to expand its electric locomotive fleet, the Korean State Railway of North Korea obtained a licence, including technology transfer, to produce the Type 30E2. Several of Type 30E2 were built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works to gain experience with the design in preparation for the production of the Red Flag 1 class, whose design was based on that of the Type 30E2.

Although the total number of  North Korean-built Type 30E2, which were numbered in the 100 series, is unknown, at least one (number 114) is still operational.

Nicknames
 Czech in Polish - from nation of origin
 Piątka (Eng. The Five) in Poland - from locos number
 Bobina in the Czech Republic - from wheel arrangement Bo'Bo'

See also
 List of České dráhy locomotive classes

References

 Technical data and history of EU05 locomotives , URL accessed on June 7, 2007.
 History of EU05 and EP05 series , URL accessed on June 7, 2007.

3000 V DC locomotives
Škoda locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Electric locomotives of Czechoslovakia
Electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Railway locomotives introduced in 1957
Polish State Railways electric locomotives
Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe


The list of shipwrecks in 1891 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1891.

January

2 January

8 January

9 January

11 January

Unknown date

February

3 February

5 February

6 February

7 February

18 February

19 February

20 February

March

1 March

9 March

13 March

15 March

17 March

19 March

20 March

April

2 April

6 April

15 April

19 April

23 April

28 April

May

2 May

3 May

17 May

21 May

June

4 June

16 June

July

18 July

Unknown date

August

27 August

Unknown date

September

5 September

6 September

7 September

13 September

Unknown date

October

1 October

3 October

10 October

13 October

Unknown date

November

9 November

11 November

15 November

22 November

December

4 December

5 December

8 December

10 December

18 December

23 December

29 December

Unknown date

References

1891


Graveney is a village in Swale, Kent.

Graveney may also refer to:

People
David Graveney (born 1953), Gloucestershire, Somerset and Durham cricketer
Ken Graveney (1924-2015), Gloucestershire cricketer
Tom Graveney (1927-2015), Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and England cricketer

Other
Graveney School
River Graveney, a tributary of the River Wandle


Founder
Linji Yixuan

A
Ankokuji Ekei
Sōgen Asahina
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

B
Bassui Tokushō
George Bowman

C
Sherry Chayat
Chō Tsuratatsu
Chūgan Engetsu
Leonard Cohen

D
Watazumi Doso
Ji Gong
Ogino Dokuon
 Doshin Hannya Michael Nelson

E
Kanzan Egen
Eisai
Hakuin Ekaku
Enni Ben’en

F
Mary Farkas
Keido Fukushima

G
Jakushitsu Genko

H
Hōjō Tokimune
Shodo Harada
Hakuin Ekaku
Thich Nhat Hanh
Hsing Yun
Hsin Pei
Hsin Ping
Hsin Ting

I
Issan Ichinei
Ikkyu
Imagawa Yoshimoto
Imakita Kosen
Kazuo Inamori
Ingen
Ishin Sūden
Itō Jakuchū

J
Ito Jakuchu
Jakushitsu Genkō
Kaisen Joki
Josetsu
Jun Po Denis Kelly

K
Imakita Kosen
Kurt Kankan Spellmeyer
Keian Genju
Kūshu Enshin

L
John Daido Loori

M
Genjo Marinello
Soko Morinaga
Myokyo-ni
Taizan Maezumi
Mujū
Musō Soseki
Meido Moore

N
Kyudo Nakagawa
Soen Nakagawa
Walter Nowick
Eshin Nishimura

O
Ogino Dokuon
Omori Sogen
Enkyo Pat O'Hara

P
Puhua
L.Rōen Prowe

Q

R
Ingen Ryuki

S
Kyozan Joshu Sasaki
Sengai
Nyogen Senzaki
Oda Sesso
Soyen Shaku
Eido Tai Shimano
Denko Sommer
Kokan Shiren
Mugaku Sogen
Sokei-an
Muso Soseki
Ishin Suden
Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki
Sakugen Shūryō
Sasaki Gensō
Sessai Choro
Sesshū Tōyō
Sesson Yūbai
Sheng-yen
Zenkei Shibayama
Sōiku Shigematsu
Kokan Shiren
Shōtetsu
Shunoku Sōen
Gidō Shūshin
Harada Daiun Sogaku
Kobori Nanrei Sohaku
Kurt Kankan Spellmeyer
Maurine Stuart
D. T. Suzuki

T
Takuan Sōhō
Genki Takabayashi
Bassui Tokushō
Sesshu Toyo
Fumio Toyoda
Shinkichi Takahashi
Tesshin Hozan

U

V

W
Watazumi Doso

X

Y
Sobin Yamada
Gempo Yamamoto
Bankei Yōtaku
Sesson Yubai
Mumon Yamada
William Nyogen Yeo
Yishan Yining

Z
Dahui Zonggao
Gotō Zuigan

Rinzai


The Landlord and Tenant Law Amendment Act, Ireland, 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 154) or the Landlord and Tenant Law Amendment (Ireland) Act 1860, better known as Deasy's Act, was an Act of Parliament preceding the agrarian unrest in Ireland in the 1880s, the "Land War".

The Act was named after its promoter Rickard Deasy, the Attorney-General for Ireland in the Liberal Party government of Lord Palmerston.

Deasy's Act amended the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1826. The 1860 Act was itself amended by the Irish Land Acts.

The Act made contract law the basis for tenancies and abolished any feudal rents paid by services to a landlord, or by payments in kind.

Section 4
Section 4 remains the most important part of Deasy's act still in force. It provides that all leases of over twelve months must be evidenced in writing in order to be enforced.

Continuing effect
The Law Reform Commission in 2003 stated the act "continues as the foundation of the law of landlord and tenant in Ireland". In 2011 the Minister for Justice published a draft scheme of a bill to modernise landlord and tenant law, however the bill was never introduced to the Oireachtas.

References

External links

 Landlord and Tenant Law Amendment Act, Ireland 1860 Irish Statute Book; text of Act as in force c.1910

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1860
1860 in British law
Acts of Parliament
Landlord–tenant law
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Ireland


Iosco Township may refer to:

 Iosco Township, Michigan
 Iosco Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
 Iosco Township, Stutsman County, North Dakota, in Stutsman County, North Dakota

Township name disambiguation pages


Theatre Calgary is theatre company in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, established as a professional company in 1968. The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged since its inception as Musicians and Actors Club (MAC) from 1964 to 1968, and Theatre Calgary from 1968 onwards.

1964–1965
Light Up the Sky – by Moss Hart
A Taste of Honey – by Shelagh Delaney
Two for the Seesaw by William Gibson
Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mama's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad – by Arthur Kopit
The American Dream by Edward Albee
The Sandbox – by Edward Albee
In White America – by Martin Duberman
Luther – by John Osborne

1965–1966
A Thousand Clowns – by Herb Gardner
The Feiffer Revue
Cat On a Hot Tin Roof – by Tennessee Williams
Present Laughter – by Noël Coward
A View from the Bridge – by Arthur Miller
The Private Ear and The Public Eye – by Peter Shaffer
Of Mice and Men – by John Steinbeck
Mary, Mary – by Jean Kerr
The Knack – by Ann Jellicoe
The Hostage – by Brendan Behan

1966–1967
Under the Yum-Yum Tree – by Lawrence Roman
The Firebugs – by Max Frisch
The Caretaker – by Harold Pinter
Major Barbara – by George Bernard Shaw
Breath of Spring – by Peter Coke
The Miracle Worker – by William Gibson
You Can't Take It with You – by George S. Kaufman
A Streetcar Named Desire – by Tennessee Williams

1967–1968
Wild Rose
Luv by Murray Schisgal
The Glass Menagerie – by Tennessee Williams
Charley's Aunt – by Brandon Thomas
Dial M For Murder – by Frederick Knott
The Killing of Sister George – by Robert Aldrich
Barefoot in the Park – by Neil Simon

1968–1969
The Odd Couple – by Neil Simon
The Alchemist – by Ben Jonson
Gaslight – by Patrick Hamilton
Irma La Douce – music by Marguerite Monnot, lyrics and book by Alexandre Breffort
Private Lives – by Noël Coward
The Three Desks
Black Comedy & The White Liars – by Peter Shaffer

1969–1970
Star Spangled Girl – by Neil Simon
Loot – by Joe Orton
Great Expectations – by Charles Dickens
You Two Stay Here, The Rest of You Come with Me – by Christopher Newton, music by Allen Laing
The Importance of Being Earnest – by Oscar Wilde
Long Day's Journey Into Night – by Eugene O'Neill
Bell, Book and Candle – by John Van Druten

1970–1971
The Entertainer – by John Osborne
The Birthday Party – by Harold Pinter
Dracula – by Hamilton Deane
Trip
The Taming of the Shrew – by William Shakespeare
The Father – by August Strindberg
The Knack – by Ann Jellicoe

1971–1972
Plaza Suite – by Neil Simon
The Rainmaker – by N. Richard Nash
The Guardsman – by Ferenc Molnár
The Hostage – by Brendan Behan
Romeo and Juliet – by William Shakespeare
The House on Chestnut Street – by James W. Nichol
Arms and the Man – by George Bernard Shaw

1972–1973
Butterflies Are Free – by Leonard Gershe
The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds – by Paul Zindel
Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris – by Jacques Brel
Wait Until Dark – by Frederick Knott
The Devil's Disciple – by George Bernard Shaw
Leaving Home – by David French
Bus Stop – by William Inge

1973–1974
How the Other Half Loves – by Alan Ayckbourn
Walsh – by Sharon Pollock
Oh! What A Lovely War – by Joan Littlewood
Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris – by Jacques Brel
The Fantasticks – music by Harvey Schmidt, lyrics by Tom Jones
Play It Again, Sam – by Woody Allen
The Seagull – by Anton Chekhov
Prisoner of Second Avenue – by Neil Simon

1974–1975
6 RMS Riv VU – by Bob Randall
The Rivals – by Richard Brinsley Sheridan
The Threepenny Opera – by Bertolt Brecht
A Flea in Her Ear – by Georges Feydeau
Who Killed Santa Claus? – by Christian Jaque
Sudden Death Overtime
Relatively Speaking – by Alan Ayckbourn

1975–1976
Tonight at Calgary Theatre Hall
My Fat Friend – by Charles Laurence
Back to Beulah – by W. O. Mitchell
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead – by Tom Stoppard
Chemin de Fer – by Georges Feydeau
Absurd Person Singular – by Alan Ayckbourn

1976–1977
The Sunshine Boys – by Neil Simon
The Glass Menagerie – by Tennessee Williams
Time and Time Again – by Alan Acykbourn
Hedda Gabler – by Henrik Ibsen
Festival – book and lyrics by Stephen Downs and Randall Martin, music by Stephen Downs
Equus – by Peter Shaffer
A Thousand Clowns – by Herb Gardner

1977–1978
That Championship Season – by Jason Miller
Sleuth – by Anthony Shaffer
The Condemned of Altona – by Jean-Paul Sartre
The Playboy of the Western World – by J.M. Synge
Streamers – by David Rabe
The Importance of Being Earnest – by Oscar Wilde
Hosanna – by Michel Tremblay
Boiler Room Suite – by Rex Deverell
Travesties – by Tom Stoppard

1978–1979
Same Time, Next Year – by Bernard Slade
The Mary Shelley Play
Mandragola – by Niccolò Machiavelli
One Night Stand – by Carol Bolt
Under Milk Wood – by Dylan Thomas
The Black Bonspiel of Wullie MacCrimmon – by W. O. Mitchell
Midtown Acres
Antigone – by Jean Anouilh
Paper Wheat – by 25th Street House Theatre
The Miners Forty Niners

1979–1980
Eight to the Bar
Of Mice and Men – by John Steinbeck
Thark – by Ben Travers
The Words of My Roaring – by Robert Kroetsch
Mirandolina – by Bohuslav Martinů
Birds – by Aristophanes
Black Bonspiel of Wullie MacCrimmon – by W.O. Mitchell
Sexual Perversity in Chicago – by David Mamet
White Whore and the Bit Player – by Tom Eyen
Rainbow
Rock and more
Blitzkrieg
Perfect Relationships
Out at Sea – by Nicholas Bethell, Slawomir Mrozek
The Man With the Flower in His Mouth – by Luigi Pirandello
Spider Rabbit – by Michael McClure

1980–1981
Jitters – by David French
Betrayal – by Harold Pinter
Automatic Pilot – by Erika Ritter
The Tempest – by William Shakespeare
Happy End – lyrics by Bertolt Brecht, music by Kurt Weill
The Kite – by W.O. Mitchell
Maggie and Pierre – by Linda Griffiths
Solange / The Beard
Joggers – by Geraldine Aron
Unseen
Years of Sorrow, Years of Shame
Yanks 3 / Detroit 0, Top of the Seventh – by Johnathan Reynolds

1981–1982
Mrs. Warren's Profession – by George Bernard Shaw
Blood Relations – by Sharon Pollock
The Sea Horse – by Edward J. Moore
For Those in Peril at Sea – W.O. Mitchell
Farther West – by John Murrell
On Golden Pond – by Ernest Thompson
The Elephant Man – by Bernard Pomerance
Cold Comfort – by Jim Garrard
President Wilson in Paris – by Ron Blair
The Immigrant – by Mark Harelik, Sarah Knapp, Steven M. Alper
Bullshot Crummond – by Ronald E. House, Diz White, Alan Shearman

1982–1983
Mass Appeal – by Bill C. Davis
A Moon for the Misbegotten – by Eugene O'Neill
Rexy! – by Allan Stratton
Whiskey Six Rebellion – by Sharon Pollock
Let's Get a Divorce – based on Divorcons by Victorien Sardou and Émile de Najac
Talley's Folly – by Lanford Wilson
Emlyn Williams as Charles Dickens – by Emlyn Williams

1983–1984
What the Butler Saw – by Joe Orton
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Old Times – by Harold Pinter
I'm Getting My Act Together and Taking It on the Road
Doc – by Sharon Pollock
The Dining Room – by A.R. Gurney Jr.

1984–1985
A Streetcar Named Desire – by Tennessee Williams
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Cold Storage – by Ronald Ribman
Whodunnit – Anthony Shaffer
Quartermaine's Terms – by Simon Gray
Filthy Rich – by George F. Walker
Cloud 9 – by Caryl Churchill
Forever Yours, Marie-Lou – by Michel Tremblay

1985–1986
Twelfth Night – by William Shakespeare
K2 – by Patrick Meyers
Alice on Stage
Uncle Vanya – by Anton Chekhov
Criminals in Love – by George F. Walker
Country Hearts – by Ted Johns and John Roby
Intimate Admiration – by Rick Epp

1986–1987
Brighton Beach Memoirs – by Neil Simon
The Play's the Thing – by Ferenc Molnár
Salt-Water Moon – by David French
And When I Wake - by James W. Nichol
Golden Girls
The Normal Heart – by Larry Kramer
Souvenirs
True West – by Sam Shepard

1987–1988
Pal Joey – music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Lorenz Hart, book by John O’Hara
Summer – by Jane Martin
Walsh – by Sharon Pollock
You Never Can Tell – by George Bernard Shaw
Making Brownies Like We Used To – by John Palmer
The Real Thing – by Tom Stoppard
Beauty and the Beast – by Warren Graves

1988–1989
Broadway Bound – by Neil Simon
Terra Nova – by Ted Talley
The Black Bonspiel of Wullie MacCrimmon – by W. O. Mitchell
The Glass Menagerie – by Tennessee Williams
The Innocents – by William Archibald
Fire – by Paul Ledoux and David Young

1989–1990
Blithe Spirit – by Noël Coward
Toronto, Mississippi – by Joan MacLeod
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Driving Miss Daisy – by Alfred Uhry
Bordertown Cafe – by Kelly Rebar
Summer and Smoke – by Tennessee Williams

1990–1991
Tartuffe – by Molière
Amigo's Blue Guitar – by Joan MacLeod
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Letters from Wingfield Farm – by Dan Needles
My Children, My Africa – by Athol Fugard
The Woman in Black – by Susan Hill
Amadeus – by Peter Shaffer

1991–1992
A Midsummer Night's Dream – by William Shakespeare
The Sum of Us – by David Stevens
Wingfield's Progress – by Dan Needles
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Les Liaisons Dangereuses – by Christopher Hampton
The Motor Trade
Fences – by August Wilson
Gypsy – music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Arthur Laurents

1992–1993
Much Ado About Nothing – by William Shakespeare
The Kite – by W.O. Mitchell
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
La Bête – by David Hirson
Arsenic and Old Lace – by Joseph Kesselring
Wingfield's Folly – by Dan Needles
Evita – music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Tim Rice

1993–1994
Dancing at Lughnasa – by Brian Friel
Tru – by Jay Presson Allen
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Henceforward... – by Alan Ayckbourn
Hamlet – by William Shakespeare
Wrong for Each Other – by Norm Foster
Anne of Green Gables – by Lucy Maud Montgomery

1994–1995
Forever Plaid – by Stuart Ross
Charley's Aunt – by Brandon Thomas
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Transit of Venus – by Maureen Hunter
Waiting for Godot – by Samuel Beckett
If We Are Women – by Joanna McClelland Glass
Into the Woods – music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by James Lapine, based on The Uses of Enchantment by Bruno Bettelheim
Forever Plaid – by Stuart Ross

1995–1996
Waiting for the Parade – by John Murrell
The Importance of Being Earnest – by Oscar Wilde
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Cyrano de Bergerac – by Edmond Rostand
Atlantis – by Maureen Hunter
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A Love Story – by James W. Nichol
Little Shop of Horrors – by Howard Ashman and Alan Menken

1996–1997
Tons of Money – by Alan Ayckbourn
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Stephen and Mister Wilde  – by Jim Bartley
Piaf  – by Pam Gems
The Heiress – by Ruth Goetz and Augustus Goetz

1997–1998
The Cocktail Hour – by A. R. Gurney
An Inspector Calls – by J.B. Priestley
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
A Delicate Balance – by Edward Albee
Memoir
Song and Dance  – music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Don Black, additional lyrics by Richard Maltby, Jr.

1998–1999
Private Lives – by Noël Coward
All My Sons – by Arthur Miller
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
The Fox – by Allan Miller
Candida – by George Bernard Shaw
The Fantasticks – music by Harvey Schmidt, lyrics by Tom Jones

1999–2000
Wingfield Unbound – by Dan Needles
The Glass Menagerie – by Tennessee Williams
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Gaslight by Patrick Hamilton
A Fitting Confusion – by Georges Feydeau
Holiday – by Philip Barry
Berlin to Broadway with Kurt Weill music by Kurt Weill, Lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, Bertolt Brecht, Ira Gershwin, Michael Feingold, Ogden Nash, Maxwell Anderson, Marc Blitzstein, Jacques Deval, Paul Green, Langston Hughes, George Tabori, Arnold Weinstein

2000–2001
Rough Crossing
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof – by Tennessee Williams
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Camelot – by Alan Lerner and Frederick Loewe
Dangerous Corner – by J.B. Priestley
The Sisters Rosensweig – by Wendy Wasserstein

2001–2002
Cabaret – book by Joe Masteroff, lyrics by Fred Ebb, music by John Kander
Romeo and Juliet – by William Shakespeare
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
True West – by Sam Shepard
Death of a Salesman – by Arthur Miller
Wingfield on Ice – by Dan Needles

2002–2003
A Streetcar Named Desire – by Tennessee Williams
Dracula – by Hamilton Deane
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Evita – music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Tim Rice
The Philadelphia Story – by Phillip Barry
Copenhagen – by Michael Frayn

2003–2004
Hay Fever – by Noël Coward
The Diary of Anne Frank – by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Fire – by Paul Ledoux and David Young
Crimes of the Heart – by Beth Henley
Counsellor-At-Law – by Elmer Rice

2004–2005
Of the Fields, Lately – by David French
Sherlock Holmes – by Arthur Conan Doyle
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Macbeth – by William Shakespeare
West Side Story – book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
Humble Boy – by Charlotte Jones

2005–2006
The Miracle Worker – by William Gibson
Wingfield's Inferno – by Dan Needles
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Saint Joan – by George Bernard Shaw
Trying – by Joanna Glass
Guys and Dolls – music and lyrics by Frank Loesser, book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows

2006–2007
Of Mice and Men – by John Steinbeck
Glorious! – by Peter Quilter
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
The Retreat from Moscow – by William Nicholson
The Cripple of Inishmaan – by Martin McDonagh
The Overcoat – by Morris Panych and Wendy Gorling

2007–2008
The Wars – by Timothy Findley
Vigil – by Morris Panych
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
Our Town – by Thornton Wilder
Enchanted April – by Matthew Barber
Beauty and the Beast – music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, book by Linda Woolverton

2008–2009
A Raisin in the Sun – by Lorraine Hansberry
Skydive – by Kevin Kerr
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Jerry Patch
Frankenstein – written, composed and directed by Jonathan Christenson, adapted from the novel by Mary Shelley
Doubt: A Parable – by John Patrick Shanley
An Ideal Husband – by Oscar Wilde
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels – book by Jeffrey Lane, music & lyrics by David Yazbek

2009–2010
Jake and the Kid – adapted by Conni Massing, based on the short stories by W.O. Mitchell
7 Stories – by Morris Panych
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens
  Electric Company Theatre and The Virtual Stage's production of No Exit
Beyond Eden – by Bruce Ruddell, music by Bruce Ruddell and Bill Henderson
Betrayal – by Harold Pinter
The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee – music and lyrics by William Finn, book by Rachel Sheinkin

2010–2011
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest – by Dale Wasserman
Lost - A Memoir – by Cathy Ostlere and Dennis Garnhum
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Jeremy Patch
Billy Bishop Goes to War – by John MacLachlan Gray and Eric Peterson
The Drowsy Chaperone – by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison
Much Ado About Nothing  – by William Shakespeare
Mom's the Word For Crying Out Loud – by Jill Daum, Linda A. Carson, Alison Kelly, Barbara Pollard, Robin Nichols and Deborah Williams

2011–2012
Tosca Cafe – by Carey Perloff and Val Caniparoli
To Kill a Mockingbird  – adapted by Christopher Sergel, based on the novel by Harper Lee
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Dennis Garnhum
Ubuntu: The Cape Town Project– by Theatrefront
Enron – by Lucy Prebble
Shirley Valentine – by Willy Russell
Cats (musical) – by Andrew Lloyd Webber

2012–2013
Next to Normal – by Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt
Pride and Prejudice – by Jane Austen
A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Dennis Garnhum
The Kite Runner  – by Khaled Hosseini, adapted by Matthew Spangler
God of Carnage –  by Yasmina Reza, translated by Christoper Hampton
 Anne of Green Gables – The Musical – by Lucy Maud Montgomery, Music and Lyrics by Donald Harron, Norman Campbell, Elaine Campbell and Mavor Moore

2013-2014
 Romeo and Juliet – by William Shakespeare
 Kim's Convienience – by Ins Choi
 The Great Gatsby  – adapted by Simon Levy, based on the novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald
 A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens adapted by Dennis Garnhum
 Boom – written and performed by Rick Miller
 Major Barbara – by George Bernard Shaw
 The Mountaintop – by Katori Hall
 Disney's and Cameron Mackintosh's Mary Poppins – music and lyrics by Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman and George Stiles, book by Julian Fellowes, based on the book series by P.L. Travers

2014-2015
 The Comedy of Errors – by William Shakespeare
 One Man, Two Guvnors  – by Richard Bean
 Liberation Days  – by David van Belle
 A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens adapted by Dennis Garnhum
 Chelsea Hotel – conceived by Tracey Power
 The Philadelphia Story – by Philip Barry
 King Lear – by William Shakespeare
 Dear Johnny Deere – by Ken Cameron

2015-2016
 The Tempest – by William Shakespeare
 The Shoplifters – by Morris Panych, Canadian premiere
 The Crucible  – by Arthur Miller
 A Christmas Carol  – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Dennis Garnhum
 Spin – written and performed by evalyn parry
 The Little Prince - The Musical  – based on the book by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, adapted by Nicholas Lloyd Webber and James D. Reid, a world premiere production with Lamplighter Drama, London, UK.
 Bad Jews  – by Joshua Harmon
 The Light in the Piazza  – book by Craig Lucas, music and lyrics by Adam Guettel, based on the novel by Elizabeth Spencer, produced by arrangement with Turner Entertainment Co., owner of the original motion picture Light in the Piazza. The Light in the Piazza was presented through special arrangement with R&H Theatricals

2016-2017
 Hamlet  – by William Shakespeare
 'Da Kink in My Hair – by Trey Anthony
 Boom – written and performed by Rick Miller
 A Christmas Carol – by Charles Dickens, adapted by Dennis Garnhum
 Songs of Resilience – by the Queer Songbook Orchestra and Special Guests
 The Audience  – by Peter Morgan
 Skylight – by David Hare
 A Thousand Splendid Suns – based on the novel by Khaled Hosseini, adapted by Ursula Rani Sarma, original music written and performed by David Coulter, a world premiere production with American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.), San Francisco
 Crazy for You - The New Gershwin Musical – music and lyrics by George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin, book by Ken Ludwig, A co-production with The Citadel Theatre, Edmonton

2017-2018
Blow Wind High Water - by Sharon Pollock
Sisters: The Belles Soeurs Musical - based on the play by Michel Tremblay, book and lyrics by René Richard Cyr, music by Daniel Belanger
Twelfth Night - by William Shakespeare
The Humans - by Stephen Karam
The Secret Garden - book and lyrics by Marsha Norman, music by Lucy Simon
As You Like It - by William Shakespeare
A Christmas Carol - by Charles Dickens, adapted by Dennis Garnhum
Onegin - by Amiel Gladstone and Veda Hille

2022-2023 season

 Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill - by Lanie Robertson
 The Importance of Being Earnest - by Oscar Wilde
 Little Women - by Kate Hamill, adapted from the novel by Louisa May Alcott
 Little Red Warrior and His Lawyer - by Kevin Loring
 Forgiveness - by Mark Sakamoto, stage adaptation by Hiro Kanagawa
 Jimmy Buffett's Escape to Margaritaville - Music & Lyrics by Jimmy Buffett, Book by Greg Garcia & Mike O'Malley

External links
Official site
Canadian theatre company production histories
Theatre in Calgary
Theatre companies in Alberta


Good and Evil () is a 1921 Austrian film directed by Michael Curtiz.

Cast
 Lucy Doraine
 Anton Tiller
 Alfons Fryland
 Magda Nagy
 Ralph Ostermann

External links

Films directed by Michael Curtiz
1921 films
Austrian black-and-white films
Austrian silent feature films


The first HMS Valorous was a sixth-rate  sloop of the Royal Navy.  She was rated as "18 guns" but carried twenty (or twenty-two) 24-pounder carronades.

She was built in Hull as one of a class of three (the others being Dauntless and Combatant) and launched in 1804.  Designed by John Staniforth MP, they were flush-decked, shallow draught and (for their dimensions) heavily armed.  Rated as a sloop, she had a design based on the Danish Praam (English 'Pram'), allowing the combination of heavy armament with a draught of only 11 feet.  Her design may well have been influenced by the flush-decked, shallow draught vessels of Napoleon's invasion fleet, although Valorous and her sisters were significantly larger.

Valorous entered service in 1805, with the anti-invasion flotillas stationed in The Downs.  In the spring of 1807 she and her sisters were ordered to the Baltic where their characteristics would be of value as convoy escorts and particularly in support of operations ashore.  She became an Army depot ship in 1810 (possibly 1816?) and was sold on 7 May 1817.

Citations

References

Sloops of the Royal Navy
1804 ships


The  was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

History
The Japanese 31st Army was formed on February 18, 1944 under the Imperial General Headquarters as a garrison force to contest landings by Allied forces in the Japanese South Seas Mandate island-by-island, and to inflict such losses in a war of attrition that it would deter an American invasion of the Japanese home islands. The South Seas Mandate was divided into three sections (Northern Mariana Islands, southern Mariana Islands, and Truk). The 80,000 man Japanese 31st Army was initially headquartered on Truk.

After Operation Hailstone, the Japanese garrison on Truk was isolated as American forces continued their advance towards Japan by invading other Pacific islands.  Cut off, the Japanese forces on Truk and other central Pacific islands ran low on food and faced starvation before Japan surrendered in August 1945. (Stewart, 1986)

The garrisons in the Marianas were largely annihilated at the Battle of Saipan and Battle of Guam.

Structure
Thirty-First Army
Southern Marianas Force
29th Infantry Division
48th Independent Infantry Brigade
Northern Marianas Force
43rd Infantry Division
47th Independent Infantry Brigade
Truk Garrison Force
52nd Infantry Division
50th Independent Infantry Brigade
51st Independent Infantry Brigade
52nd Independent Infantry Brigade

List of commanders

Commanding officer

Chief of Staff

References

31
Military units and formations established in 1944
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945