The Christmas Sessions is the first Christmas album by American Christian rock band MercyMe. The album, produced by Brown Bannister, was released on September 27, 2005. The band, who greatly enjoy Christmas, had previously recorded Christmas songs and enjoyed the process so much that they wanted to produce a full-length album. After releasing a studio album in early 2004, they decided to take time off; they realized they could record a Christmas album over that period and began work in December 2004. The band, aiming to produce a rock-oriented album, recruited Bannister, a noted rock producer, to produce it. In addition to one original song, "Joseph's Lullaby", the album consists of covers of both modern and traditional Christmas songs that the band members had listened to when growing up.

Upon its release, The Christmas Sessions received positive reviews from critics. Praise was offered for the album's production qualities, as well as the change in direction for MercyMe and the band's take on the traditional songs. Minor criticism was directed at lead vocalist Bart Millard's vocals, as well as at individual songs. The album reached a peak of number three on the Billboard Christian Albums chart, number ten on the Holiday Albums chart, and number sixty-four on the Billboard 200; it has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Multiple songs from the album appeared on record charts, including "Joseph's Lullaby", which peaked at number one on the Christian Songs chart; "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" and "Little Drummer Boy" also appeared in the top ten on the chart, peaking at numbers nine and ten, respectively, and "Silent Night" reached a peak of number six on the Adult Contemporary chart.

Background and recording
According to Bart Millard, the lead vocalist for MercyMe, the band enjoys the Christmas season greatly and had recorded songs for compilation albums like WOW Christmas: Green and had liked the process of taking older Christmas songs and altering them; Millard said that the band "had so much fun doing it that we found ourselves wishing we had a Christmas record of our own". After the band released their third studio album Undone in early 2004, they decided to take some time off, and realized they could record a Christmas album over that period. Although MercyMe had started as a rock band, they become associated with the adult contemporary genre after their single "I Can Only Imagine" became successful. In creating The Christmas Sessions, the band incorporated more elements from rock music and other genres; Millard described it as "the most 'rock' album we've done" and noted they did not concern themselves with the album's direction, saying "we didn’t have to worry about which direction we went. We just made the record we wanted to make".

MercyMe began recording the album over Christmas 2004, and put the "finishing touches" on it over the following summer. The band brought in rock producer Brown Bannister, who had previously recorded albums for artists like Amy Grant and Steven Curtis Chapman, to produce both The Christmas Sessions and their next studio album, which would also utilize a rock sound. In selecting songs for The Christmas Sessions the band wanted to cover Christmas songs they had grown up with, but they did write and record one original song, "Joseph's Lullaby". Millard had initially written it as "Mary's Lullaby" but changed the lyrics and key upon suggestion from Bannister's wife, who noted that, being male, it was odd for him to be singing from the perspective of Mary as opposed to Joseph.

Composition
The Christmas Sessions has been described as a rock and pop rock album; influences from country and jazz were also noted. "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear" has been described as being a stadium rock song incorporating musical elements similar to rock bands U2 and Coldplay; "I Heard the Bells On Christmas Day", a power ballad, was also described as being similar to U2 in sound. "Gloria" is a reinterpretation of "Angels We Have Heard on High", modifying the melody of the song's chorus. "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" utilizes a "multilayered arrangement... that sounds as if it were tailored for a Super Bowl halftime show". The song, along with "Little Drummer Boy", begins with a rock-oriented opening before transitioning into a power ballad form.

"Winter Wonderland/White Christmas" is a medley of the two songs, described as being similar to a mix of a Dixieland band with the Beatles. "Christmas Time Is Here" uses brass instruments in its arrangement, similar to that of Chicago-area bands. "Silent Night", which features Amy Grant singing background vocals, has been described as having a country or country pop arrangement. "Away" is an instrumental piece with a simple arrangement. "Joseph's Lullaby", the album's only original song, has been described as "emo-influenced", portraying both the night of Jesus' birth as well as the night after it. The ballad's arrangement features piano  and string instruments.

Critical reception

The Christmas Sessions received positive reviews from music critics. Rick Anderson of Allmusic gave the album 3.5 out of 5 stars, praising the album's overall rock tone. Anderson offered a small amount of criticism concerning Millard's vocal delivery, saying he "can be a bit mannered", as well as criticizing the country sound of "Silent Night" as "ill-advised", but he praised the band's version of "I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day". Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today, who gave the album 4.5 out of 5 stars, praised the album's diverse sound. Although he described the band's influences on some songs as being "a little too obvious", Breimeier stated that "MercyMe is clearly improving as a band". Daniel Cunningham of Cross Rhythms awarded the album 8 out of 10 squares, stating that the album exceeded his expectations. He described the album as being "fresh-sounding" and felt the album's mix of older and newer Christmas songs would give it a wide appeal. Jesus Freak Hideout's Spencer Priest gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, praising the album as "outstanding" and feeling that the use of instruments like the trombone, trumpet, and mandolin in some songs made them stand out in comparison to other renditions. Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times praised the album as a whole, calling it "one of the year's most enjoyable holiday CDs". He also felt the band's musical changes to the traditional songs showed their care for them.

Commercial performance
The Christmas Sessions was released on September 27, 2005. It debuted at number 47 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and number 175 on the Billboard 200. The album reached a peak of number three on the Christian Albums chart  and number 64 on the Billboard 200,  and also debuted and peaked at number ten on the Holiday Albums chart. The Christmas Sessions ranked as the twenty-third best-selling Christian album of 2006. It has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), signifying the equivalent of 500,000 albums sold.

The album spawned a number of charting songs. Three songs ("Joseph's Lullaby", "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen", and "Little Drummer Boy") charted inside the top ten of the Billboard Christian Songs chart, peaking at number one, nine, and ten, respectively."It Came Upon a Midnight Clear", "Gloria", "O Holy Night", "Silent Night", and "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" also appeared on the chart. "Silent Night" peaked at number six on the Adult Contemporary chart, with "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree", "Joseph's Lullaby", and "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" also charting on that format.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits taken from Allmusic

MercyMe
 Bart Millard – lead vocals, backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Jim Bryson – keyboards (1-10, 12), acoustic piano (11), synthesizer (11), Hammond B3 organ (11)
 Barry Graul – guitars, backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Mike Scheuchzer – guitars
 Nathan Cochran – bass
 Robby Shaffer – drums

Additional musicians
 Blair Masters – acoustic piano (12), keyboard programming (12)
 Paul Franklin – steel guitar (1-10, 12)
 Eric Darken – percussion (1-10, 12)
 Barry Green – trombone (1-10, 12)
 Mike Haynes – trumpet (1-10, 12)
 Carl Marsh – string arrangements (1-10, 12), choir arrangements (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 The London Session Orchestra – strings (1-10, 12)
 Philadelphia Boys Choir and Chorale – choir (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Drew Cline – backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Travis Cottrell – backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Michael Mellett – backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Mark Nicholas – backing vocals (1-6, 8, 9, 10, 12)
 Amy Grant – backing vocals (7)

Production and Technical
 Brown Bannister – producer (1-10, 12)
 Pete Kipley – producer (11)
Traci Sterling Bishir - Production assistant
 Steve Bishir – recording (1-10, 12)
 Aaron Sternke – assistant engineer, digital editing
 F. Reid Shippen – mixing at Sound Stage Studios (Nashville, Tennessee).
 Lee Bridges – mix assistant
 Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York).
 Traci Sterling Bishir – production assistant
 David Edmonson – photography
 Luke Edmonson – photography
 Shatrine Krake – art direction, design

Charts

References

2005 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
MercyMe albums
INO Records albums
Epic Records albums
Pop rock Christmas albums


Translation is the transfer of a bishop from one episcopal see to another. The word is from the Latin , meaning "carry across" (another religious meaning of the term is the translation of relics).

This can be:
From one diocesan bishopric to another bishopric which is perceived as more important (or the bishop prefers as his or her see)
From suffragan bishop status to diocesan bishop
From coadjutor bishop to diocesan bishop
From one country's episcopate to another
From diocesan bishop to archbishop

References

Anglicanism
Episcopacy in the Catholic Church
Christian terminology


Anne Heitmann (born in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a poet and writer.

Biography
She moved after her marriage to Frankfurt. Today she lives in Hochheim am Main. Since 1980, Heitmann's poetry and prose have appeared in a number of magazines and anthologies. Her interest in political concerns have been long-standing; she was active in local politics for almost two decades. This interest has manifested itself in some of her writings, for in addition to short stories, poems, and contributions to entertainment sections in newspapers she has written socio-political pieces the provide critical commentaries on the age we live in. Heitmann has published three collections of poetry: Morgen vielleicht kann ich lächeln (Maybe I can laugh tomorrow), ...auch wenn ich leise bin (...also if I am quiet), and Stolpersteine (Stumbling Blocks). The focus in her poetry is on age, loss, memories, reflections, and politics.

Sources

German women poets
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Writers from Münster


Note: "Abecedar" is also the name of the primer (1st grade school book) in Romanian.

The Abecedar was a school book first published in Athens, Greece in 1925. The book became the subject of controversy with Bulgaria and Serbia when cited by Greece as proof it had fulfilled its international obligations towards its Slavic-speaking minority, because it had been printed in the Latin alphabet rather than the Cyrillic used by the Slavic languages of the southern Balkans. The book was initially published for the Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia in the Lerin dialect, and today it is published in Standard Macedonian, Standard Greek and Standard English.

First printing and controversy
Following the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913, the southern part of the so-called historic region of Macedonia was annexed to the Kingdom of Greece, with Bulgarians making up a debated portion of the overall population at the time, with estimates ranging from 10% to a 30% plurality. Under the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, Greece opened schools for minority-language children, and in September 1924 Greece agreed to a protocol with Bulgaria to place its Slavic-speaking minority under the protection of the League of Nations as Bulgarians. However, the Greek parliament refused to ratify the protocol due to objections from Serbia, considering the Slavic speakers to be Serbs rather than Bulgarians, and from Greeks who considered the Slavic speakers to be Slavicized Greeks rather than ethnic Slavs. Vasilis Dendramis, the Greek representative in the League of the Nations, stated that the Macedonian Slav language was neither Bulgarian, nor Serbian, but an independent language.

The Greek government went ahead with the publication in May 1925 of the Abecedar, described by contemporary Greek writers as a primer for "the children of Slav speakers in Greece ... printed in the Latin script and compiled in the Macedonian dialect." The book was commissioned by the Department for the Education of Foreign-Speakers in the Greek Ministry of Education. It was submitted by the Greek government to the League of Nations to support its assertion that it fulfilled obligations towards the Slavic-speaking minority.

The book's publication sparked controversy in Greek Macedonia, along with Bulgaria and Serbia. The Bulgarians and Serbs objected to the book being printed in Latin alphabet, despite the Bulgarian and Serbian languages being written predominately in the Cyrillic alphabet. The Bulgarian representative to the League of Nations criticized it as "incomprehensible." Although some books reached villages in Greek Macedonia, it was never used in their schools. In one village, threats by local police led to residents throwing their copies into a lake. In January 1926, the region of Florina saw extensive protests by Greek and pro-Greek Slavic speakers campaigning against the primer's publication, demanding the government change their policies on minority education.

Professor Loring Danforth argues the Abecedar was printed in the Latin alphabet "precisely to ensure  that it would be rejected by all parties concerned" so "it would not contribute to the development of ties between the Slavic-speaking people of northern Greece and either Serbia or Bulgaria."  Macedonian historians argue it demonstrated a separate Macedonian language and people existed in northern Greece in 1925, and the Greek government recognized it as such. Bulgarian authors indicate that this textbook was printed in order to mislead the international organizations that the educational rights of the Bulgarians in Greece are respected – in the moment when the Council of the League of Nations treated the question about protection of the Bulgarian minority in Greece.

According to Victor Roudometof, the incident led to significant change in the Greek government's stance toward Slavic-speaking citizens.  Henceforth, they were deemed to be neither Serbs nor Bulgarians, and their difference was regarded as solely linguistic, not ethnic or political.

The first scientific review of Abecedar was made in 1925 by professor Lyubomir Miletich who treated this schoolbook as an attempt to create a new, Latin, alphabet for Bulgarians in Greek Macedonia.

Second and third editions
The Abecedar has been republished twice. A 1993 edition was published by the Macedonian Information Center in Perth, Western Australia. In 2006, an edition was published in Thessaloníki on the initiative of the ethnic Macedonian political party Rainbow. In conformity with its political platform Rainbow argues that the Abecedar is one of a number of "official Greek documents which long before 1945 defined 'Macedonian' as something different from 'Greek.'"

Main characteristics of the Abecedar
The first edition Abecedar was based on the Bitola-Florina dialect, and the vocabulary is mainly extracted from that dialect. The main characteristic of the Abecedar is that the text uses the Latin alphabet, differing from the Macedonian alphabet which used the Cyrillic alphabet and was standardized nearly two decades later, with standardization being based on the same dialect.

The alphabet used in the Abecedar consists of 27 individual letters. Two of the letters are unique in that they correspond to phonemes not represented in the modern Macedonian alphabet: Îî (for the schwa - Bulgarian ъ) and Üü (indicating palatalization of the preceding consonant). The alphabet uses the digraphs gj, kj, nj, lj and dz to represent the sounds , , , an  cluster, and , respectively, corresponding to the Macedonian letters Ѓ, Ќ, Њ, Љ and Ѕ.

The alphabet used in the Abecedar with IPA equivalents:

The book also includes a section about grammar. All the material is supported by corresponding texts extracted and inspired by the daily life of the people for better understanding and learning. In the second edition of the book, besides the old version, the new version of the book used explanations and texts written in the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet.

Examples from the second edition of the book
Našata kukja je visoka ("Our house is tall"; contemporary Macedonian: našata kuḱa e visoka, нашата куќа е висока);
Gjorče et edno arno dete ("Gjorče is one good child"; contemporary Macedonian: Ǵorče e edno arno dete, Ѓорче е едно арно дете);
Moite brakja set vo čusdžina  ("My brothers are abroad"; contemporary Macedonian: moite braḱa se vo tuǵina, моите браќа се во туѓина).

Gallery

See also
Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia
Macedonian Latin alphabet
Macedonian language
Bulgarian dialects

Footnotes

References
Ιάκωβος Δ. Μιχαηλίδης, "Minority Rights and Educational Problems in Greek Interwar Macedonia: The Case of the Primer Abecedar", Journal of Modern Greek Studies 14.2 (1996) 329-343

External links
Official website of the Rainbow Party
Rainbow Party Press Releases
 Abecedar - 1925 edition.

1925 children's books
Alphabet books
Modern history of Greek Macedonia
Macedonian language
Books about North Macedonia


The Cajun Catahoulas were a Junior A Tier III ice hockey team, based in Carencro, Louisiana, which is located just outside Lafayette. Initially announced in May 2005 as a Junior B team, the Catahoulas were promoted to Junior A Tier III in August 2007. The team competed in the Midwest division of the Western States Hockey League (WSHL) beginning in 2005–06 season. The Catahoula name was chosen as the Catahoula Leopard Dog is the state dog of Louisiana. For the 2008–09 season the Cajun Catahoulas moved their team and operations to North Richland Hills, Texas to become the Texas Renegades.

Season-by-season records

References

External links
 Cajun Catahoulas official website

Ice hockey teams in Louisiana
Lafayette Parish, Louisiana
Sports clubs and teams in Lafayette, Louisiana
2005 establishments in Louisiana
2008 disestablishments in Louisiana
Ice hockey clubs established in 2005
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2008


Nehanda Isoke Abiodun (born Cheri Laverne Dalton; 29 June 1950 – 30 January 2019) was an African American hip hop activist, black revolutionary, and fugitive who was living in Cuba. Abiodun was wanted by the FBI in connection of the 1981 robbery of a Brink's truck that resulted in the killing of a Brink's guard and two New York police officers. The United States federal government also charged Abiodun in connection with Assata Shakur's escape from prison, along with Susan Rosenberg.

Abiodun was active in the New African independence struggle in the U.S. and considered herself a citizen of the Republic of New Afrika.

Early life and education
Born Cheri Dalton in New York City in 1950, she began her activist work with her parents as a child. At the age of ten, she was a tenant organizer. Dalton graduated from Columbia University in New York in 1972.

Career
After leaving Columbia, Abiodun worked in a methadone clinic in Harlem and then at the Lincoln Detox Center, an experimental rehabilitation facility in the South Bronx. She later worked with the National Black Human Rights Coalition, and later to help heal drug addicts at the Lincoln Detox Center Black Acupuncture Association of North America with Mutulu Shakur.

Legal issues
Dalton was among those linked by U.S. authorities to Assata Shakur's 1979 escape from prison. She was also wanted for a string of robberies, including the robbing of a Brink's armored car in New York in 1981.

Life on the run
In 1978, Abiodun stopped using Dalton as her name. She also went by, at various times, Cheri Cotton, Betty Carter, Betty W. Carter, Elizabeth Carter, Laverne Dalton, Laverne Cheri Dalton, and "Flame".

She lived in Havana, Cuba since about 1990. She was a rap music activist there. She gave advice about African-American history, poetry, and world politics to up-and-coming Cuban hip-hop artists such as Yosmel Sarrias and Maigel Entenza Jaramillo of Anónimo Consejo.

She stated "rap music is...the voice of protest...[with which] we can educate and organize around the world. It puts a whole different light on the word globalization...Wherever you go...in the world, from New Zealand to Timbuktu, there are rappers. Wherever you go! And once you step out of the U.S., a large part of that global community of hip hoppers are progressive. Seriously, because most of it comes from the indigenous people of that particular place".

References

1950 births
2019 deaths
Activists from New York (state)
African-American activists
American defectors
American exiles
American expatriates in Cuba
American robbers
Columbia University alumni
Criminals from Manhattan
Fugitives wanted by the United States
20th-century African-American artists
21st-century African-American people


Guillermo León Valencia Airport ()  is an airport serving Popayán, the capital city of the Cauca Department in Colombia. It took the name of former President of Colombia Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz.

Airlines and destinations

See also
Transport in Colombia
List of airports in Colombia

References

External links
OurAirports - Popayán
FallingRain - Guillermo León Valencia Airport

Airports in Colombia
Buildings and structures in Cauca Department
Popayán


Jean-Daniel Gross (born 26 April 1966) is a Swiss football manager and former player. In his playing career, which ended in 2003, he played for clubs including Young Boys and Zug 94.

References

Football Lineups profile

1966 births
Living people
Swiss men's footballers
FC Fribourg players
BSC Young Boys players
FC Bulle players
SC Kriens players
Swiss Super League players
Men's association football defenders
Swiss football managers
FC Luzern managers
SC Kriens managers
Sportspeople from Fribourg


The Fredrick C. Hobdy Assembly Center  is a 7,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Grambling, Louisiana. It is home to the Grambling State University Tigers basketball team, along with Memorial Gymnasium. The arena also hosts concerts and events. It is named after former Tiger head basketball coach, Fred Hobdy.

The arena opened in 2007 and was first used as the location of funeral services for former Grambling State football coach, Eddie Robinson.

See also
 List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
 List of music venues

References

External links
Hobdy Assembly Center Ribbon Cutting

Grambling State Tigers men's basketball
Grambling State Tigers women's basketball
Basketball venues in Louisiana
College basketball venues in the United States
Sports venues in Grambling, Louisiana
Sports venues in Louisiana
Indoor arenas in Louisiana
Music venues in Louisiana


Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections, studies, polls, etc. become non-representative because the participants disproportionately possess certain traits which affect the outcome. These traits mean the sample is systematically different from the target population, potentially resulting in biased estimates.

For instance, a study found that those who refused to answer a survey on AIDS tended to be "older, attend church more often, are less likely to believe in the confidentiality of surveys, and have lower sexual self disclosure." It may occur due to several factors as outlined in Deming (1990).

Non-response bias can be a problem in longitudinal research due to attrition during the study.

Example
If one selects a sample of 1000 managers in a field and polls them about their workload, the managers with a high workload may not answer the survey because they do not have enough time to answer it, and/or those with a low workload may decline to respond for fear that their supervisors or colleagues will perceive them as surplus employees (either immediately, if the survey is non-anonymous, or in the future, should their anonymity be compromised). Therefore, non-response bias may make the measured value for the workload too low, too high, or, if the effects of the above biases happen to offset each other, "right for the wrong reasons."  For a simple example of this effect, consider a survey that includes, "Agree or disagree: I have enough time in my day to complete a survey."

In the 1936 U.S. presidential election, The Literary Digest mailed out 10 million questionnaires, of which 2.4 million were returned.  Based on these, they predicted that Republican Alf Landon would win with 370 of 531 electoral votes, whereas he only got eight.   Research published in 1976 and 1988 concluded that non-response bias was the primary source of this error, although their sampling frame was also quite different from the vast majority of voters.
Non responders have been shown to be associated with younger patients, poorer communities and those who are less satisfied and subsequently could be a source of bias.

Test
There are different ways to test for non-response bias. A common technique involves comparing the first and fourth quartiles of responses for differences in demographics and key constructs. In e-mail surveys some values are already known from all potential participants (e.g. age, branch of the firm, ...) and can be compared to the values that prevail in the subgroup of those who answered. If there is no significant difference this is an indicator that there might be no non-response bias.

In e-mail surveys those who didn't answer can also systematically be phoned and a small number of survey questions can be asked. If their answers don't differ significantly from those who answered the survey, there might be no non-response bias.  This technique is sometimes called non-response follow-up.

Generally speaking, the lower the response rate, the greater the likelihood of a non-response bias in play.

Related terminology
Self-selection bias is a type of bias in which individuals voluntarily select themselves into a group, thereby potentially biasing the response of that group.
Response bias is not the opposite of non-response bias, but instead relates to a possible tendency of respondents to give inaccurate or untruthful answers for various reasons.

See also
Selection bias

References

Further reading
 Special issue of Public Opinion Quarterly (Volume 70, Issue 5) about "Nonresponse Bias in Household Surveys": http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/70/5.toc

Survey methodology
Social research
Experimental bias


Sonic's Rendezvous Band is a 2006 release box set by Sonic's Rendezvous Band under the UK label Easy Action. The remaining band members contributed to the box as well as Fred "Sonic" Smith's estate. The Box includes three previously unreleased live shows, the previous release Sweet Nothing in its entirety, several tracks from the City Slang release, a collection of basement tapes and other live material, as well as the studio recorded single "City Slang" and its intended b-side "Electrophonic Tonic".

Controversy

David Fricke, Senior Editor of Rolling Stone, stated in the review of this box set that it "comes with its own controversy" over whether it was approved by all involved. Record label Easy Action asserts on its Web site that the release was approved by the surviving band members and by Fred Smith's wife and children. The release is also advertised in Scott Morgan's website. Fricke added: "I'm not taking sides. I just want as much of the best of this band as I can get, in good faith and quality. Right now, this is what I have. And I am playing it. Loud".

However, the band's ex-road manager's website  states that it wasn't approved at all, neither by band members nor by the heirs of Fred Smith. The statements, made by Freddie Brooks, disregard the box set as a "fraudulent release" (sic). Brooks said his own website would be re-launched in October 2006, with re-issues of two previously-available CDs and a new three-disc box set, but this has failed to materialise.
 Royalties have been paid to the artists & estates since the boxed set was issued. A personal spat between co producer the late Robert Matheu and said Brooks created unwanted drama and false accusations.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Fred "Sonic" Smith; except where indicated

Disc 1 - Ann Arbor, 1975
"Promised Land" (Chuck Berry)
"Earthy (Scott Morgan)
It's Alright"
"Mystically Yours" (Morgan)
Keep on Hustlin’" (Morgan)
"Space Age Blues" (W.R Cooke)
"Do it Again"
"Hearts"
"I Believe to My Soul" (Ray Charles, Allan Learner)
"Let the Kids Dance" (Bo Diddley)
"Chungo of the Asphalt Jungle" (W.R Cooke)
"Goin’ Bye"
"Roberta" (Al Smith, John Vincent)

Disc 2 - Lamphere High School, Madison Heights, 1976
"Dangerous" (Morgan)
"Asteroid B612" (Morgan)
"Hard Stoppin’"
"Irish Girl" (Morgan)
"Like a Rolling Stone" (Bob Dylan)
"Succeed" (Morgan)
"Cool Breeze" (Morgan)
"Song L"
"Slow Down (Take a Look)" (Morgan)

Disc 3 - Masonic Auditorium, Detroit, 1978
"Electrophonic Tonic" (Morgan)
"Sweet Nothin’"
"Asteroid B-612" (Morgan)
"Gone with the Dogs"
"Love and Learn" (Morgan)
"Song L"
"City Slang"

Disc 4 - Second Chance, Ann Arbour, 1978
"Dangerous" (Morgan)
"Getting There" (Morgan)
"Do it Again"
"Hearts"
"Love & Learn" (Morgan)
"Heart of Stone" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards)
"Sweet Nothin’"
"Asteroid B-612" (Morgan)
"Song L"
"City Slang"

Disc 5 - Basement Tapes + Live Rarities
"Succeed (Morgan) Morgan's Basement '76
"Highjackin' Love" (Tony Hester, Richard "Popcorn" Wylie) Morgan's Basement '76
"Mystically Yours" (Morgan) Morgan's Basement '76
"Take A Look" (Morgan) Morgan's Basement '76
"Electrophonic Tonic" (Morgan) Morgan's Basement '76
"So Sincerely Yours"
"Dangerous" (Morgan)
"Earthy" (Morgan)
"Hearts (aka Detroit Tango)"
"Step By Step" (with Lenny Kaye)
"Party Lights" (Claudine Clark)
"Flight 505" (Jagger, Richards)
"Thrill" (Morgan)
"Goin Bye"
"Gone With The Dogs"

Disc 6 - The Best Stuff You Havent Heard
"Sweet Little Sixteen" (Chuck Berry)
"Clock With No Hands" (F. "Leadbelly" Smith)
"You're So Great"
"Sweet Nothin’"  Executive Ballroom, Sterling Heights 1978 Jan
"Song L"  Executive Ballroom, Sterling Heights 1978 Jan
"Love & Learn" (Morgan) Executive Ballroom, Sterling Heights 1978 Jan
"It's Alright"
"Empty Heart" (Nanker, Phelge) Live at the Second Chance in 1977
"American Boy"
"Sweet Nothin’" (Instrumental) Rehearsal
"Electrophonic Tonic" (Morgan) Studio
"City Slang"  Studio

External links
 - Official band website
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080127102230/http://www.easyaction.co.uk/sonics-rendezvous-band/srb/

Sonic's Rendezvous Band albums
2006 compilation albums


Emil Votoček (5 October 1872 – 11 October 1950) was a Czech chemist, composer and music theorist.
He is noted for his chemistry textbooks and multilingual dictionaries in both chemistry and music.

Chemistry career
Votoček studied at the Czech Institute of Technology later in Mulhouse and received his PhD with Bernhard Tollens at the University of Göttingen for his chemistry of sugar.

In 1895 he returned to the Czech Institute of Technology where he became lecturer and professor in 1907. His academic career ended with the closure of the institute by the Nazis in 1939.  He held six honorary doctorates and was an honorary member of various corporations and societies.

Music career
His chemistry career kept him from doing anything about his interest in music until the age of thirty.  Then he studied music with František Špilka for six years.  But his other work again intervened, for a further 25 years.  From his early 60s through to his mid 70s, he wrote about 60 works, including five orchestral works, much chamber music, piano sonatas and pieces, and songs.  He also compiled a Czech dictionary of French and Italian musical terms.

Selected publications
 O derivatech karbazolu (1896)
 Kondensace methylfurola s floroglucinem (1897)
 O stanovení methylovaných pentos (1897)
 Ueber das Verhalten der Hydrazine zu dem photographischen Lichtbilde (1899)
 Cvičení v chemii organické (Exercises in Organic Chemistry) (1899–1901)
 Chemie anorganická (Inorganic Chemistry) (1902)
 O antipodii rhodeosy a fukosy (1904)
 O konfiguraci rhodeosy (1907)
 Chemie organická (Organic Chemistry) (1927)
 Česko-francouzská konversace a fraseologie (1938)
 Chemický slovník (Chemistry Dictionary), Czech-German-French-English-Italian-Latin (1941)
 Hudební slovník cizích výrazů a rčení (Music Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases) (1946)

Selected compositions
Votoček wrote approximately 70 music compositions.
 Fantasie for viola and piano (1943)
 Od svítání do soumraku (From Dawn to Dusk) for orchestra
 Suita for viola and piano
 Téma s variacemi pro klavír a soprán (Theme and Variations) for piano and soprano (1934); final variation with soprano solo; words by Jaroslav Vrchlický
 Tři ballatine (3 Ballatines) for viola and piano (published 1945)

References

1872 births
1950 deaths
People from Hostinné
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czech chemists
Czech composers
Czech male composers
Academic staff of Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
Chemists from Austria-Hungary


The fourth World Chess Championship was held in Havana from 1 January to 28 February 1892. Defending champion William Steinitz narrowly defeated challenger Mikhail Chigorin.

This was Steinitz' fourth successive world championship match victory, and his second against Chigorin. He had previously defeated Johannes Zukertort in 1886, Chigorin in 1889 and Isidor Gunsberg in 1891.

Match
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The match was to last twenty games; the first player to score 10½ points or win ten games would be the champion. In the event of a 10–10 tie after 20 games the players would continue until one of them had won ten games. If it reached a score of nine wins each, the match would end in a draw and the defending champion Steinitz would retain the title. After twenty games the score was 10–10 with each player having eight wins, so the players continued until one had won ten games.  Game 21 was drawn, but Steinitz won games 22 and 23 to win the match and retain the title.

Decisive mistakes

With the match tied at 8-8 after 21 games, Steinitz won the match after blunders by Chigorin in the next two games.

In game 22 Chigorin blundered on move 9 losing a pawn and ultimately the game (see diagram). Playing black, Chigorin adopted the variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined later known as the Tartakower Defense.  9. cxd5 Nxd5 An elementary error that loses a pawn. 10. Nxd5 Bxd5 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. Rxc7 Qd6 13. Rc3 Bxa2? When making his 9th move Chigorin may have expected this  capture would regain the pawn, but after 14. e4 the bishop was trapped. Play continued 14... Qb4 15. Qa1 Bb3 16. Nd2 Bc2 17. Rc4 Qd6 18. Rxc2 Qxd4. Down a piece for a pawn, Chigorin's position was lost, though he played on until resigning after White's 49th move.

As White in game 23, Chigorin was behind eight wins to nine and played the aggressive King's Gambit. Steinitz defended poorly and was in a hopeless endgame (see diagram).  A piece up, Chigorin should have won after 32.Rxb7 (32...Rxd5? 33.Nf4 forks the black rooks).  Instead the game and match ended suddenly when Chigorin blundered with 32. Bb4 Rxh2+ White resigns, as Black will mate on the next move (33.Kg1 Rdg2#). By missing a mate in 2, this is regarded as one of the worst ever blunders in World Championship play.

References

External links
1892 Steinitz - Chigorin Title Match at www.mark-weeks.com
Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship Rematch (1892) - All games and details at Chessgames.com

1892
1892 in chess
1892 in Cuba
Chess in Cuba
Sport in Havana
19th century in Havana


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Ogle County, Illinois.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ogle County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 28 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois

References

External links
Ogle County Listings at nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com

Ogle County, Illinois
Ogle


Zhang Shan (; born March 23, 1968) is a Chinese sports shooter and Olympic champion.

Career
Zhang Shan was born in the city of Nanchong in Sichuan province in Southwest China. She began shooting skeet at age 16. In 1989, she joined the Chinese national skeet team. She won the gold medal in the Olympic Skeet Shooting event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. This event had been mixed, open to both men and women, since it was introduced to the olympics in 1968. Zhang Shan's 1992 gold was the first medal won by a woman in this mixed event. The International Shooting Union consequently barred women from the 1996 Atlanta games. For the 2000 Sydney games, the International Olympic committee allowed women again, but only in segregated competition. Zhang participated in the 2000 Olympic women's skeet placing 8th. She had won the title at seventh National Game in 1993. Zhang won the title at Lonato World Shooting Championship in 2005.

She won a gold medal with the Chinese team in the women's skeet (team event) at the 2007 World Shotgun Championships in Nicosia. She took part in the 2010 ISSF World Shooting Championships in Munich, where she placed 15th in individual skeet. Her later achievements includes a silver medal in 2017 at the 13th Chinese National Games, at the age of 49, 25 years after her Olympic gold medal.

Olympic results

Records

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Olympic gold medalists for China
Olympic shooters for China
People from Nanchong
Shooters at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Sichuan University alumni
Asian Games medalists in shooting
Olympic medalists in shooting
Sport shooters from Sichuan
Shooters at the 1990 Asian Games
Shooters at the 2010 Asian Games
Chinese female sport shooters
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
21st-century Chinese women


Crystal Mountain Resort was a day-use ski area near West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. It operated two chairlifts and one surface lift: a GMD Mueller double chair, a Poma triple chair, and a Doppelmayr T-bar. The ski area had 30 designated groomed runs and the resort also featured many different tree trails and some glades. Despite the smaller size of the resort, which was considerably smaller than neighbouring resorts such as Big White Ski Resort and Silver Star Mountain Resort, the mountain was a good size and a popular destination for both experienced and first-time skiers, snowboarders and snowshoers. Despite the lower elevation, the area receives heavy snowfall each year with many powder days throughout the winter season. It was long known as Last Mountain Ski Resort but changed its name to Crystal Mountain Resort in 1992. Crystal Mountain Resort offered lessons for skiing and snowboarding and also offered rentals for snowshoeing. It has not been in operation since 2014 due to a lift malfunction of the red double chair.

The ski resort was originally opened on December 9, 1967 by Pat and Allan McLeod under the name of Last Mountain Ski Resort. Mount Last rises to the highest elevation above the resort area and was named in 1967 after Herbert and Charlotte Last, an English couple who had owned the land now occupied by the
resort since 1909 and ran the general store and post office in Westbank, British Columbia. In the first year of operation, the resort sold 150 family ski passes. In the early days, there was a teahouse at the top of the main lift {{proper name|the Blue doublechair}. It was open during the summer for the first three years. A ski school club was created for young skiers. The resort later was passed to John Barley and in 1992 it was sold to the Tschanz family from Lenzerheide, Switzerland, and the company name was changed to Crystal Mountain Resorts Ltd. The name was changed to Crystal Mountain Resort to remind people of the snow, something bright and fun. The operation consisted of 70 seasonal jobs. The resort offered night skiing from the beginning until the early 2000s, when the resort switched to day operations only. At the 30th anniversary of the resort, in 1997, there was a discussion started regarding the development of the resort with a year-round expansion, based on its location as the closest hill to Kelowna and as the closest Okanagan ski resort to Vancouver.

Crystal Mountain Resort is located in the Okanagan region of British Columbia with the nearest large city being Kelowna. The ski resort itself is located north of Glenrosa, on the mountains above Westbank, West of Kelowna. The ski area base is located at the upper terminus of the Glenrosa Road, which runs from Highway 97 up the mountain to the ski resort area. The Glenrosa interchange was rebuilt in the late 1990s and provides easy access from the nearby Coquihalla Connector, or Highway 97c, connecting Vancouver and the Lower Mainland through West Kelowna to Kelowna.

The site of Crystal Mountain Resort is approximately 9 kilometres west of the City of West Kelowna (which provided an existing infrastructure and an existing capable workforce).

The top elevation is 1,440 m (4,724 ft) with a vertical drop of 212 m (700 ft) coming to a base elevation of 1,228 m (4,024 ft).  The runs are composed of the following levels of difficulty: 30% Novice, 50% Intermediate and 20% Advanced.

References

External links
 Official site
 https://web.archive.org/web/20161227130258/http://www.safetyauthority.ca/news/media-releases/bc-safety-authority-releases-incident-investigation-report-crystal-mountain
 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/crystal-mountain-ski-resort-chairlift-accident-blamed-on-rope-tension-1.3133170

Ski areas and resorts in the Okanagan


The Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters, also known as the Television Code, was a set of ethical standards adopted by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) of the United States for television programming from 1952 to 1983. The code was created to self-regulate the industry in hopes of avoiding a proposed government Advisory Board and satisfying parental concerns over violence and other matters. Prior to the Television Code, the 1935 NAB Code of Ethics for radio was applied to television but fewer than half of television stations subscribed to it; when the Television Code was first issued, two-thirds of stations became subscribers.

Content
The code was first issued on December 6, 1951, and amended multiple times, especially in the wake of the 1950s quiz show scandals, Congressional hearings into violence (1952, 1954), and concern over the possible blurring of fact and fiction in early docudrama.

The code prohibited the use of profanity, the negative portrayal of family life, irreverence for God and religion, illicit sex, drunkenness and biochemical addiction, presentation of cruelty, detailed techniques of crime, the use of horror for its own sake, and the negative portrayal of law enforcement officials, among others.  The code regulated how performers should dress and move to be within the "bounds of decency".  Further, news reporting was to be "factual, fair and without bias" and commentary and analysis should be "clearly defined as such". Broadcasters were to make time available for religious broadcasting and were discouraged from charging religious bodies for access. Most importantly, it limited the commercial minutes per hour.

In 1973, responding to concerns raised by Action for Children's Television, the NAB revised the code to limit commercial time in children's programming to twelve minutes per hour. Additionally, the hosts of children's television programs were prohibited from appearing in commercials aimed at children. This became Section XIV "Time Standards for Non-Program Material".

Enforcement
The Television Code rules were interpreted, monitored, and enforced by the code authority director, who was appointed by the President of the NAB. The Code Authority interpreted the code by providing advice, publishing guidelines and amendments to clarify code provisions, and issuing rulings on specific programs or commercials, although most cases were resolved through negotiation rather than rulings. The main concern of code staff was commercials, not program content. The Code Authority had three offices in New York, Hollywood, and Washington D.C. and published a monthly newsletter, Code News.

The Television Code provided for suspension and expulsion of subscribers as determined by the NAB Television Code Review Board whose members were subscribers to the code and appointed by the NAB president. The board checked compliance through a system of biannual monitoring backed up by complaint letters coming mostly from competing stations. Appeals of the review board's decisions could be taken to the NAB Television board of directors. Compliance with the code was indicated by the "Seal of Good Practice", displayed during closing credits on most United States television programs, and on some US TV station sign-on and sign-offs from 1952 to the mid-1980s.

Elimination
In 1976, the code's program standards were suspended after a Los Angeles federal judge ruled that the Family Viewing Hour violated the First Amendment. In 1979, the Carter Justice Department challenged the code's Section XIV time standards limiting advertising on children's programming, alleging that they "represented an unlawful effort to restrict supply of commercial availabilities and hence drive up prices for these spots." They then brought an antitrust action against the NAB. After a summary judgment was handed down against the NAB in 1982 partially striking down Section XIV, the NAB and the Reagan Justice Department entered into a consent decree abolishing the time standards and the industry-wide limitations on the number and length of commercials. Under further threats of legal action by the Justice Department on the grounds the code violated the First Amendment and Fairness Doctrine, the NAB decided to eliminate the remainder of the Television Code as well as the Radio Code in 1983.

Legacy
The code paved the way for the development of the Broadcast Standards and Practices (BS&P) departments of the terrestrial broadcast networks (NBC, CBS, ABC) and most cable networks. After the Television Code's demise and with the burden of self-regulation now falling to networks, the BS&P offices were forced to produce their own written codes which integrated some of the code's concepts, recommendations, and rules.

In October 1990, the NAB board of directors issued a brief "Statement of Principles of Radio and Television Broadcasters" that encourages broadcasters to "exercise responsible and careful judgment in the selection of material for broadcast.”

A scholarly discussion titled "Self-Regulation and the Media" by Angela J. Campbell (1999) examines media self-regulation and concludes that "Applying these five factors to digital television public interest responsibilities and privacy on the Internet, it concludes that self-regulation is not likely to be successful in these contexts."

See also
Comics Code Authority
Motion Picture Production Code
National Association of Broadcasters

Notes

References
 Eric Engel & Dee Pridgen, "The History of the National Association of Broadcasters and the Development of the Television Code", Federal Trade Commission Memo, February 9, 1981.
 Harvey C. Jassem. "An Examination of Self Regulation of Broadcasting", Communications and the Law 5, no. 2 (Spr 1983).
 Val E. Limburg. "The decline of broadcast ethics: U.S. v. NAB”, Journal of Mass Media Ethics 4, no. 2 (1989): 214–31.
 Vincent LoBrutto. “The Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters”, in TV in the USA: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. 3 vols. Santa Barbara, Cal.: Greenwood, 2018, pp. 1:29–30.
 National Association of Broadcasters. Legal Guide to Broadcast Law and Regulation, 3rd edn. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Broadcasters, 1988.
 National Association of Broadcasters. The Television Code, 22nd edn. Washington, D.C.: Code Authority, National Association of Broadcasters, 1981.
 Dee Pridgen & Eric Engel. "Advertising and Marketing on Cable Television: Whither the Public Interest?", Catholic University Law Review 31, no. 2 (Winter 1982): 227–271.

External links
Text of the Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters
The Television Code – Fifth Edition, March 1959 Complete with Interpretations and Amendments. Courtesy of J. Alan Wall's TV-signoffs.com
1970s Television Code PSA – video available for download at the Internet Archive

1951 documents
1951 establishments in the United States
1951 in American television
1983 disestablishments in the United States
Censorship of broadcasting in the United States
National Association of Broadcasters
Codes of conduct


The Ulster Cup was an annual football competition held by the Irish Football League for senior clubs.

History
Beginning in 1949, it was held on fifty-one occasions until being suspended after the 1998/99 season and discontinued after a one-off re-appearance in 2002/03.  The last three editions were only open to First Division sides.  From the mid-1980s to the early-1990s the competition was known as the Lombard Ulster Cup due to a sponsorship deal with the Lombard & Ulster Bank. It had previously been sponsored by Morans.

Format
The format of the Ulster Cup varied from season to season. It often employed a league format, with each club playing each other once and the winner declared as the team with the most points; and sometimes a group basis, with the winners decided by a play-off.

The format over the years was as follows:

Finals results
Winners of the Ulster Cup by season.

Key:

Performance by club

Senior

First Division only

Notes

References

External links
 Ulster Cup Archive at the Irish Football Club Project
Irish League Archive - Ulster Cup

Defunct association football cup competitions in Northern Ireland


Earl Greenburg (January 6, 1947 – February 1, 2008) was an American TV producer and former head of NBC Daytime.

Early life and career
Born in Philadelphia, he moved to Los Angeles in 1977, where he was working as VP of the compliance and practices department at NBC when Brandon Tartikoff picked him as VP for daytime programming in 1981. He then worked as an independent TV producer for programs including The Regis Philbin Show, World's Wildest Police Videos and World's Scariest Police Chases. After he left, he served as president of Home Shopping Network (HSN) in Florida and later founded Transactional Marketing Partners (TMP). For his work with HSN, he became known as "The Prince of Infomercials".

Death
On February 1, 2008, he died from melanoma. He was survived by his life partner David Peet, his son Ari, daughters Meredith and Kathryn, four grandchildren and two brothers.

In 2001, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to Greenburg and in 2007, an additional star, was dedicated to Greenburg and his life partner, David Peet.

References

1947 births
2008 deaths

Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Businesspeople from Palm Springs, California
NBC Daytime executives
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from melanoma
20th-century American businesspeople


Love Is Not Sex is the debut album of American-born musician Tony Dawson-Harrison, AKA "Captain Hollywood". Dawson-Harrison was exposed to eurodance music during his military service in 80's West Germany. It was released on March 8, 1993.

The album peaked at No. 9 on the German Albums Chart and has sold around nearly 7 million copies worldwide as of 2018.

Track listing

Charts

Production
Design [Cover] – Design Hoch Drei
Guitar – DiKo Kociemba
Management – Susanne Foecker
Other [Hair] – Joe Barber
Photography – Esser & Strauß
Producer, Recorded By, Mastered By – Cyborg, DMP GmbH
Recorded at DMP Studios
Publishing – Edition "DMP" / "Get Into Magic" / ICM / Warner Chappell
Marketing – Intercord Ton GmbH, Licensee

References

External links
 http://www.pandora.com/captain-hollywood-project/love-is-not-sex

1993 debut albums
Captain Hollywood Project albums


AFI's 10 Top 10 honors the ten greatest American films in ten classic film genres. Presented by the American Film Institute (AFI), the lists were unveiled on a television special broadcast by CBS on June 17, 2008. In the special, various actors and directors, among them Clint Eastwood, Quentin Tarantino, Kirk Douglas, Harrison Ford, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Roman Polanski, and Jane Fonda, discussed their admiration for and personal contributions to the films cited.

The entire list of 500 nominated films is available on the American Film Institute website.

To date, this is the final program in AFI's countdown specials.

Animation
AFI defines "animation" as a genre where the film's images are primarily created by computer or hand and the characters are voiced by actors. Nine of the films are Disney properties, including two collaborative works with Pixar, with the only non-Disney selection being DreamWorks Animation's Shrek.

Courtroom drama
AFI defines "courtroom drama" as a genre of film in which a system of justice plays a critical role in the film's narrative.

Epic
AFI defines "epic" as a genre of large-scale films set in a cinematic interpretation of the past.

Fantasy
AFI defines "fantasy" as a genre in which live-action characters inhabit imagined settings and/or experience situations that transcend the rules of the natural world.

Gangster
AFI defines the "gangster film" as a genre that centers on organized crime or maverick criminals in a modern setting.

Mystery
AFI defines "mystery" as a genre that revolves around the solution of a crime. Four of the films were directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

Romantic comedy
AFI defines "romantic comedy" as a genre in which the development of a romance leads to comic situations.

Science fiction
AFI defines "science fiction" as a genre that marries a scientific or technological premise with imaginative speculation.

Sports
AFI defines "sports" as a genre of films with protagonists who play athletics or other games of competition.

Western
AFI defines "western" as a genre of films set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, and the demise of the new frontier. Actor John Wayne has lead roles in three of the ten films.

References

External links
 AFI's 10 Top 10
 Official playlist on YouTube
 AFI's 10 Top 10 at Filmsite

AFI 100 Years... series
CBS original programming
Cinema of the United States


Accolay () is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged with Cravant into the new commune of Deux Rivières. The population of Accolay was 448 inhabitants as of January 1, 2019.

The commune is bordered by the Cure River and the Nivernais Canal, just beside it. The canal junction was built in the 19th century to transport wood by timber rafting from the Morvan forests to Paris.

Accolay is one of the most ancient locations of the Yonne department, first mentioned in a document by the Bishop of Auxerre, Saint Aunaire, in the 6th century under the name Accolacus. The name is from the Gaulish patronym Accola with the suffix acus, which was applied to settlements along Roman .

The Saint-Nizier church has a chancel and a Romanesque apsel separated by a classic nave. The first church on this site was built in the 11th century, and the present building dates from the 18th century. The church possesses three statues dating from 1695, classified as national monuments.

The village was noted as a producer of pottery and ceramics that became renowned between 1945 and 1983.

The commune boasts, amongst others, a library, an elementary school, a children's nursery, a recreation centre, a municipal camping ground and a post office.

Population

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

External references
 Official Site of the commune (in French)
 Official Site of Accolay's Potters
 Website of the area tourist office

Former communes of Yonne


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Winnebago County, Illinois.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Winnebago County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 42 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  Another 2 properties were once listed but have been removed.

Current listings

|}

Former listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois

References

Winnebago County


Aigremont () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Aillant-sur-Tholon () is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Montholon. Aillant-sur-Tholon is twinned with Studley in Warwickshire.

Population

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Former communes of Yonne


Alfonso López Pumarejo Airport ()  is a domestic airport serving the city of Valledupar, Colombia, and also serving as a small Colombian Air Force and Colombian Police air base. The airport is operated by Aerocivil. Three commercial passenger airlines as well as two cargo airlines serve the airport, the passenger airlines being LATAM Colombia, EasyFly and Avianca.

Airlines and destinations

See also
Transport in Colombia
List of airports in Colombia

References

External links
Valledupar Airport at OurAirports

Valledupar Airport at FallingRain

Airports in Colombia
Valledupar
Buildings and structures in Cesar Department


Aisy-sur-Armançon (, literally Aisy on Armançon) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


The Sommelet reaction is an organic reaction in which a benzyl halide is converted to an aldehyde by action of hexamine and water. It is named after the French chemist Marcel Sommelet, who first reported the reaction in 1913.

One example, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde is prepared by the reaction of hexamine with 2-chloromethylthiophene.  The reaction is formally an oxidation of the carbon.

Reaction mechanism and scope
The benzyl halide 1 reacts with hexamine to a quaternary ammonium salt 3, each time just alkylating one nitrogen atom. Then the benzylammonium undergoes an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis process.

Depending on the hydrolysis conditions, the hexamine unit might instead break apart, leaving a benzyl amine (the Delépine reaction).

The reaction can also be applied to the oxidation of benzylic amines.  In this way, m-xylylenediamine can be converted to  isophthalaldehyde.

References

Organic reactions
Name reactions


Ancy-le-Franc () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Château d'Ancy-le-Franc
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Angely is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Ancy-le-Libre () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Andryes () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, in the natural region of Forterre.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Appoigny () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

This village with all its flowers is well known for its architectural heritage but also for its hotels and restaurants. The Saint Pierre Collegial - a classified Historic Building - dates back to the 13th century. It has a tower of the 16th century and a magnificent Jube dating from 1606.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Annoux () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne

vi:Annéot


Annéot () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Annay-sur-Serein (, literally Annay on Serein) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Annay-la-Côte () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Arces-Dilo () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Sights
The commune of Arces Dilo was formed in 1977 by the union of the former communes of Arces and Dilo.

Arces
 The eighteenth-century church of Saint-Michel, with a Tuscan vault and a tower in the style of Soufflot. The patron saints of the church are St. Ebbon and St. Michel.
 The Cross of St. Ebbon
 The Well of St. Ebbon, formerly believed to be able to cure fevers

Dilo
(Deilocus "a place dedicated to God")

Dilo owes originates from a Premonstratensian abbey (the Abbaye Notre-Dame de Dilo) founded in 1132 and enriched by many generous donations. The monks there developed iron and steel works. During his exile in France to Pontigny, Thomas Becket (called St. Thomas of Canterbury) stayed at Dilo, where he consecrated the church in 1168.

The Chapel of Saint-Cartault, blessed and dedicated to worship in 1692, in the oldest parish church.

Personalities
 Odo of Villemaur
 Aelis Comtesse de Nevers (widow of the Comte de Joigny Renard IV). Buried in the abbey church of Dilo, his tomb is now in the church of Joigny.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Manuel Hermida Losada (27 November 1924 – 17 September 2005), more commonly known as Hermidita, was a Spanish former footballer who used to play for Celta de Vigo in the 1940s.

References

1924 births
2005 deaths
RC Celta de Vigo players
Córdoba CF players
La Liga players
Men's association football forwards
Spanish men's footballers


The White movement in Transbaikal was a period of the confrontation between the Soviets and the Whites over dominance in Transbaikal from December 1917 to November 1920.

Initial stages
The first regular military formation of the Whites was the Special Manchurian Detachment (SMD) made up of 9 officers, 35 Cossacks and 40 Buryats on December 12, 1917, by Grigory Semyonov. By August, 1918 the SMD had a considerable force and its strength grew because of the Japanese military assistance. The Japanese were interested in gaining Transbaikal and its resources and especially they supported Grigory Semyonov as a result of confrontation with British-supported Admiral Kolchak.

The Special Manchurian Detachment and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps launched the first massive offensive in order to conquer Chita in the spring of 1918 but were repelled. Finally, Chita was taken on 25 August 1918. It was the beginning of the Siberian Intervention of the Japanese and Chita became the headquarters of the Japanese 5th Division for more than two years.

New reality in Transbaikal

The first action of the newly formed White government was to "encourage" Baikal Cossacks to join the White Army of Grigory Semyonov. Baikal Cossacks were drafted in the newly formed military formations among them even the Jewish regiment was created in order to raise all possible resources. All in all, Ataman Semyonov managed to make up 20,000 strong army as of May 1920.

After taking Chita and expelling the Soviets in the summer of 1918, the future Ataman Semyonov and his advisers started forming new governmental institutions. On August 25, 1918, the Provisional Oblast Government was initiated in Chita by the former members of the Chita Town Duma, the Transbaikalian Oblast Zemstvo, and the Chita Uezd Board.  The Provisional Oblast Government included many Jews of various political affiliations.

The Government announced itself under jurisdiction of the Provisional Siberian Government located in Omsk and immediately annulled all Soviet acts related to confiscations.

On September 14, 1918, Grigory Semyonov arrived at Chita and together with the Japanese he started his rising to autocracy. He became the Commander-in-Chief of the Separate Eastern Siberian Army, pronounced the Ataman of the Baikal Cossacks, and finally on July 9, 1919, Admiral Kolchak's Government appointed him as the Head of all Governmental Institutions of Transbaikal.

Although he became an autocratic ruler of Transbaikalia, Ataman Semyonov kept all representative bodies such as Oblast and Uezd Assemblies and Boards, Town Dumas, and trade unions. In addition, Ataman Semyonov let political activities of various parties even the Bolsheviks if they didn't attempt to break current laws.

From the first months of his rule over Transbaikal, Grigory Semyonov had chosen terror as an oppressive means against the displeased. It didn't bring expected results but the start of the massive resistance partisan movement. Ataman Semyonov tried to be more liberal to different social strata but it was impossible to pacify all conflicting groups.

Together with the Japanese he launched a series of military operations against the partisan resistance movements of Baikal Cossacks and local peasants. One of the notable operations against the partisans was the Battle of Bogdat in the autumn of 1919 in which Grigory Semyonov was close to put an end to the Eastern Transbaikalian Front. The actions of the Japanese and Semyonov's troops were brutal to the partisans and locals. As a result, many locals joined the partisans and they became a considerable force of about 30,000 of the Amur Front. The latter had played a significant role of putting the end to Ataman Semyonov's regime in Transbaikal in the autumn of 1920.

After Admiral Kolchak's defeat, Ataman Semyonov formed the Russia Eastern Outskirts Government headed by the Member of the Constitutional Democratic Party, S. A. Taskin.

End of Ataman Semyonov's regime in Transbaikal

After the defeat of Admiral Kolchak's armies in the Ural and Western Siberia, the Great Siberian Ice march of the rest of Vladimir Kappel's 30,000 strong army started in January 1920 heading for Chita. General Vladimir Kappel died of deep frostbite on January 25, 1920, and his body was briefly buried in Chita.
In February 1920 the Russia Eastern Outskirts Forces were formed and on April 27, 1920, as Far Eastern Army, headed by the Commander-in-Chief of all military formations of the Russia Eastern Outskirts, Ataman Grigory Semyonov.
The Army included the following units:
1st Transbaikalian Corps Lieutenant-General Grigory Semyonov (March 10 to July 23, 1920); Lieutenant-General Georgy Matsievsky (since July 1920)
2nd Separate Rifle Corps Lieutenant-General Grigory Verzhbitsky (February to August 23, 1920); Major-General Innokenty Smolin (since August 23, 1920)
3rd Separate Rifle Corps Major-General Viktorin Molchanov (since February 22, 1920)
In  addition, all Cossack units were not included into the Far Eastern Army. On August 1, 1920, the Asian Cavalry Division headed by Roman von Ungern-Sternberg was re-formed into a partisan detachment but Ungern-Sternberg's troops left the front for Mongolia.

After the signing the Gongota Agreement of 1920 between the Far Eastern Republic and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps, Ataman Semyonov was left without any support. He even tried to negotiate with the Soviets and Ataman Semenyov formed the Transbaikalian People's Assembly in order to save his government but in vain. The Japanese troops left Transbaikal on October 19, 1920, and Grigory Semyonov's troops retreated from Chita on October 22. The Far Eastern Army left its supply base at Dauria railway station for Mongolia, where it was engaged into a series of confrontations with the Reds and Chinese troops. Then the Army moved to Manchuria and fought in the Russian Far East until November 1922, when it was finally evacuated to China. Most of refugees settled down near Hailar.

See also
Siberian Intervention
Russian Civil War
White movement
Anti-communism
Russia Eastern Outskirts

References
the Encyclopedia of Trasbaikalia
the same

White movement
History of Zabaykalsky Krai


Asnières-sous-Bois () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
 Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Armeau () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Argenteuil-sur-Armançon (, literally Argenteuil on Armançon) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Argentenay () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Arcy-sur-Cure (, literally Arcy on Cure) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

The caves of Arcy-sur-Cure, just south of the commune, hold the second-oldest cave paintings known, after those of Chauvet Cave. Archeological remains at the Grotte du Renne were taken to provide evidence that Neanderthals had modern human behavior, but this is now doubted.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne
Neanderthal sites


Asquins () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department
Parc naturel régional du Morvan

References

Communes of Yonne
World Heritage Sites in France


Juan Jorge Giha Yarur (born 23 April 1955) is a Chilean-born Peruvian sports shooter and Olympic medalist. A six-time Olympian, he won a silver medal in Skeet Shooting at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, second after gold-winner Zhang Shan.

Biography
Born in Santiago, Chile, he is the son of Juan Giha Ali and Nelly Yarur, and brother of José Luis, Nicolas, Nelly Cecilia and Nathalie. He went to Inmaculado Corazon School up to third grade and then attended Santa Maria High School where he finished his studies. He then attended the Universidad de Lima where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering. In 1982, he married Joyce Abusada. In 1989, they had a son who they named Juan Ricardo. In the years to come, he would prepare himself for his conquest in 1992, where he obtained the Silver medal in the Barcelona, Spain 1992 Olympic Games.

Further in his career, after several triumphs like 27 consecutive national championships wins, Panamerican games, twice South American Championships, and other remarkable triumphs, in 1997, he accomplished a record-winning achievement. During the second half of the year, he would win several shooting events. Starting with the Bolivarian Games in Arequipa, Peru with  Skeet record, one week after wins South American competition in Santiago Chile named Eulogio Pasten Leiva, a well known competition and following this events He  achieves one of His most coveted trophies, Bronze medal in world Championship held in Lima Peru on end of October 1997, after breath taking shootoff that lasted thirty minutes, against Tamaz Imainsvilli from Georgia and Joe Buffa from USA . In this competition, renowned shooters like Al-Rashidi from Kuwait and Ennio Falco from Italy would attain the first and second places.

Currently, he coaches several shooters from around the world. He has travelled to India, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico to coach several professional shooters. Currently Juan is developing a special program with young shooters from Chile looking towards the next Olympic Games held in 2012.

Olympic results

References

1955 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santiago
Peruvian male sport shooters
Peruvian people of Palestinian descent
Skeet shooters
Shooters at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic shooters for Peru
Olympic silver medalists for Peru
Olympic medalists in shooting
Chilean emigrants to Peru

Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
20th-century Peruvian people
21st-century Peruvian people


Bellechaume () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Beauvoir () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Beine () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Beaumont () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bassou () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bazarnes () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. It lies 165 km away from the capital city of France, Paris. It is also 17 km away from Auxerre.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Baon is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Arthonnay () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Blannay () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Blacy () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


The BFW M.20 (also known as the Messerschmitt M.20 after the designer's surname) was a German single-engine, high-wing monoplane ten-seat passenger transport aircraft, developed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Deutsche Luft Hansa used it throughout the 1930s on a variety of routes.

Design and development
The M 20 was designed by Willy Messerschmitt at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, primarily for use with Luft Hansa which had ordered two in advance of the first flight. It was a development of the BFW M.18d eight-seater, equipped with a single 375 kW (500 hp) upright inline water-cooled BMW VIa engine. It had a high, cantilever wing based around a robust D-section box formed from a single dural spar and dural skin, forward to the leading edge. The fuselage was all-metal, with a mostly dural frame, covered with metal sheeting providing rectangular cross-section accommodation, with four square windows each side, for eight passengers. The single-axle main undercarriage was strutted vertically to the wing.

The aircraft made its maiden flight on 26 February 1928, but was lost when pilot Hans Hackmack bailed out at low altitude and was killed, after the surface stripped from part of the wing. A second M.20 was flown on 3 August 1928, and became the first of two M.20a series to fly with Luft Hansa.

Encouraged by their performance, Luft Hansa ordered 12 more, enlarged, M.20b aircraft. These carried ten passengers in a fuselage with five windows each side. It had dihedral on the wing and a more rounded vertical tail.

Operational history

The Luft Hansa M.20s entered service in 1929 on routes that went from Switzerland via Germany to the Netherlands and from Stuttgart via Marseille to Barcelona. From the mid-1930s, they were operating German internal and holiday routes. Two were still flying such routes in 1942.

One former Luft Hansa airframe went to Brazil in 1937, flying with Varig as PP-VAK, until it crashed on 7 March 1948, the only M.20 to survive the war

The Messerschmitt-Milch relationship
Hans Hackmack, who died in the first flight of the M 20, was a close friend of Erhard Milch, the head of Luft Hansa and the German civil aviation authorities. Milch was upset by the lack of response from Messerschmitt and this led to a lifelong hatred towards him. Milch eventually cancelled all contracts with Messerschmitt and forced BFW into bankruptcy in 1931. However, the German rearmament programs and Messerschmitt's friendship with Hugo Junkers prevented a stagnation of the careers of himself and BFW, which was started again in 1933. Milch still prevented Messerschmitt's takeover of BFW until 1938, hence the designation "Bf" of early Messerschmitt designs.

Variants
M.20a
 The first two eight-seater aircraft for Luft Hansa.
M.20b
 Twelve ten-seaters built for Luft Hansa.
M.20b-2
 Upgraded with a 480 kW (640 hp) BMW VIu engine.

Operators

Luft Hansa

Varig

Specifications (M.20b)

See also

References

1920s German airliners
M 20


Bierry-les-Belles-Fontaines () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Beugnon () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bessy-sur-Cure (, literally Bessy on Cure) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Béru () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Bernouil () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


Béon () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


The 37th Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised during the First World War. The divisional symbol was a gold horseshoe, open end up.

History
Formed as part of the Sixth New Army (K6) - the last of wave of such divisions organised under Lord Kitchener - the division was established at Andover, Hampshire as the "44th Division" in mid-March 1915. Despite the success in raising the 10th Irish Division, delays in recruitment in southern Ireland saw the 44th Division take the place of the 16th (Irish) Division in the Second New Army. The 44th thus was redesignated as the "37th Division." This included a renumbering of its constituent brigades from the 131st, 132nd, and 133rd to the 110th, 111th, and 112th.

The division's three infantry brigades were composed of the following battalions; the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Leicestershire Regiment in the 110th Brigade, the 10th and 13th Royal Fusiliers, 13th King's Royal Rifle Corps, and 13th Rifle Brigade in the 111th Brigade, and the 11th Warwick, 6th Bedford, 8th East Lancashire, and 10th North Lancashire Regiments in the 112th Brigade. The 9th North Staffordshire Regiment provided the divisional pioneer battalion. The divisional artillery had been raised for the original 31st and 32nd Divisions, which were broken up before being completed. The 37th Division's field ambulances (48th, 49th, and 50th) joined from the 16th Irish Division by June 1915.

As a result of pushing for a rapid deployment, using unallocated battalions from the first three waves of New Army battalions alongside groups of K6 officers and men, the division was diverse in experience and training within the New Army. By 12 April 1915, the division marshalled on Salisbury Plain and its newly appointed commander, Major-General Count Edward Gleichen headquartered at Andover. Gleichen's experience included commanding the 15th Brigade in the regular 5th Division during the opening British Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.) campaign of 1914.

The division's unusual composition—the majority of higher-numbered New Army divisions were created from weakly officered Pals battalions and lacked any cadre of experienced soldiers—meant that its training at Cholderton in Hampshire proceeded rapidly, and the 37th Division moved to Saint-Omer in France in July 1915, months earlier than other divisions of the fourth and fifth New Armies. The division was to remain on the Western Front for the rest of the war.

The 37th Division, forming part of VII Corps of the Third Army, played no part in the diversionary Attack on the Gommecourt Salient staged by VII Corps on 1 July 1916, during the first day on the Somme (1 July 1916) which began the Battle of the Somme (1 July – 18 November). The perceived poor performance of some New Army divisions in the fighting and the many losses suffered by the 34th Division, led to changes in the organisation of the 37th Division in the first half of July. The 110th Brigade was posted to the 21st Division and the 63rd Brigade received in return. The 111th and 112th Brigades were loaned to the 34th Division from 6 July to 22 August, to replace the 102nd (Tyneside Scottish) and 103rd (Tyneside Irish) Brigades. While under command of the 34th Division, the brigades took part in the Battle of Bazentin Ridge and the Battle of Pozières.

The division took part in the Battle of the Ancre, the final stage of the Battle of the Somme, under the command of V Corps in the Fifth Army in November 1916. By this time Count Gleichen had left the division and his replacement, Major-General Scrase-Dickens, had fallen sick. Major-General H. Bruce-Williams (a Royal Engineer officer) had taken over and successfully commanded the division for the rest of the war. By the year 1917, the division's brigades were rejoined as they wintered in the Artois sector.

The division participated in the first three phases of the 1917 Battle of Arras, capturing the village of Monchy-le-Preux during the First Battle of the Scarpe; a monument to the division stands at Monchy. The 37th Division fought in the Third Battle of Ypres, under the command of IX Corps of the Second Army, taking part in the Battle of the Menin Road Ridge, Battle of Polygon Wood, Battle of Broodseinde, Battle of Poelcappelle, the First Battle of Passchendaele and the Second Battle of Passchendaele from September to November 1917.

The division took little part in the fighting begun by the German Spring Offensive in March 1918, but did take part in the first counter-offensive, the April 1918 Battle of the Ancre, which included the world's first tank versus tank combat at Villers-Bretonneux. At this time the division was under the command of Third Army's IV Corps, and remained part of this formation for the rest of the war. The division took part in the Hundred Days Offensive, fighting in the Battle of Amiens, the 1918 Second Battle of the Somme, the Battle of the Hindenburg Line, the Battle of the Selle and the Battle of the Sambre. The war came to an end on 11 November 1918.

Demobilization began on Boxing Day 1918 and the division had ceased to exist on 25 March 1919. During its active service on the Western Front the division had suffered some 29,969 casualties, killed, wounded and missing.

Immediately following the war, the division compiled a souvenir publication in the form of a trench magazine entitled The Golden Horseshoe (1919). It featured poetry, prose, art, cartoons, and brief accounts of the division's service.

Order of battle
The following units served with the division:

110th Brigade The Leicester TigersThis brigade was exchanged with the 21st Division's, 63rd Brigade on 8 July 1916
6th (Service) Battalion, Leicestershire Regiment
7th (Service) Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment
8th (Service) Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment
9th (Service) Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment
110th Machine Gun Company (joined 4 March 1916, moved to 37th Battalion M.G.C. February 1918)
110th Trench Mortar Battery (formed on 13 June 1916)

111th Brigade

This brigade was attached to 34th Division between 6 July and 22 August 1916
10th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers
13th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (moved to 112th Brigade 4 February 1918)
13th (Service) Battalion, King’s Royal Rifle Corps
13th (Service) Battalion, Rifle Brigade
111th Machine Gun Company (joined 4 March 1916, moved to 37th Battalion M.G.C. 4 March 1918)
111th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 2 July 1916)

112th Brigade

This brigade was attached to 34th Division between 6 July and 22 August 1916
11th (Service) Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment (disbanded 7 February 1918)
6th (Service) Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment (left 21 May 1918)
8th (Service) Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment (disbanded 4 February 1918)
10th (Service) Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment (disbanded 4 February 1918)
112th Machine Gun Company (joined 4 March 1916, moved to 37th Battalion M.G.C. 4 March 1918)
112th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 1 July 1916)
13th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (joined from 111th Brigade 4 February 1918)
1st Battalion, Essex Regiment (joined 4 February 1918)
1/1st (T.F.) Battalion, Hertfordshire Regiment (joined 11 May 1918)

63rd Brigade

This brigade joined from 21st Division in exchange for 110th Brigade on 8 July 1916
8th (Service) Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment
8th (Service) Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry
4th (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment
10th (Service) Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment (disbanded 4 February 1918)
63rd Machine Gun Company (moved to 37th Battalion M.G.C. 4 March 1918)
63rd Trench Mortar Battery

Divisional Troops
9th (Service) Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment Divisional Pioneer Battalion (was attached to 34th Division with 111th and 112th Brigades in 1916)
16th Motor Machine Gun Battery (joined 26 July 1915, left 9 May 1916)
247th Machine Gun Company (joined 19 July 1917, moved to 37th Battalion M.G.C. 4 March 1918)
37th Battalion M.G.C. (formed 4 March 1918)
Divisional Mounted Troops
RHQ and B Sqn, Yorkshire Dragoons (left May 1916)
37th Divisional Cyclist Company, Army Cyclist Corps (left 12 May 1916)
37th Divisional Train A.S.C.
288th, 289th, 290th and 291st Companies.
28th Mobile Veterinary Section A.V.C.
234th Divisional Employment Company (joined 16 June 1917)

Divisional Artillery
CXXIII Brigade, R.F.A.
CXXIV Brigade, R.F.A.
CXXV Brigade, R.F.A. (broken up 31 August 1916)
CXVI (Howitzer) Brigade, R.F.A. (broken up January 1917)
37th Heavy Battery R.G.A. (raised with the Division but was broken up at home)
37th Divisional Ammunition Column R.F.A.
V.37 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery, R.F.A. (formed 25 May 1916, left 6 February 1918)
X.37, Y.37 and Z.37 Medium Mortar Batteries, R.F.A. (formed May 1916 with 4 x 6-inch weapons each; on 6 February 1918, Z.37 battery broken up, X.37 and Y.37 reorganised to have 6 x 6-inch weapons each)

Royal Engineers
152nd Field Company, R.E.
153rd Field Company, R.E.
154th Field Company R.E.
37th Divisional Signals Company R.E.S.S. (raised as 40th Divisional Signals Company, joined 17 June 1915)

Royal Army Medical Corps
48th Field Ambulance
49th Field Ambulance
50th Field Ambulance
37th Sanitary Section(left 20 April 1917'')

General officer commanding
 Major-General Lord Edward Gleichen (6 April 1915 – 22 October 1916)
 Major-General S. W. Scrase-Dickens (22 October – 9 November 1916 [invalided])
 Major-General Hugh Bruce-Williams (9 November 1916 – 25 March 1919)

Battle insignia
The practice of wearing battalion specific insignia (often called battle patches) in the B.E.F. began in mid 1915 with the arrival of units of Kitchener's Armies and was widespread after the Somme Battles of 1916. The patches shown were worn by the division during 1917 and 1918. There was an overall division scheme for the battle patches, colours for each brigade and shapes for each battalion. This division also identified the companies within each battalion with an oblong coloured red for A company, dark blue for B Coy, purple for C Coy and green for D Coy,  which could be worn above or below the battalion patch, as shown below. The patches were worn on both sleeves.

In late 1917 or early 1918 the division sign of a yellow horseshoe was added above the other patches (except for the machine gun companies witch wore it below the battle patch).

See also

 List of British divisions in World War I

References

Bibliography

External links

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War I
Kitchener's Army divisions
Military units and formations established in 1915
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
1915 establishments in the United Kingdom


La Belliole () is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

Geography
The river Lunain flows through the eastern part of the commune.

See also
Communes of the Yonne department

References

Communes of Yonne


The Public Order and Security Act (POSA) is a piece of legislation introduced in Zimbabwe in 2002 by a ZANU-PF dominated parliament. The act was amended in 2007. Jonathan Moyo is reported as having been one of the chief architects of the act, an accusation that he denies, citing the fact he has never held office in the relevant ministry (law and order legislations come from the Ministry of Home Affairs). The other co accused in the crafting of the law is Emmerson Mnangagwa.

Many regard POSA as an act that helped Robert Mugabe consolidate his power. The law gave untold powers to the police, the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP). It is still under debate in the new term of rule and it is inarguably an unfair plot against human rights.

POSA has since been applied against demonstrations by the government. On August 1, 2018 the law was invoked, resulting in the army fatally shooting protesters against alleged rigging of the Zimbabwean general election, 2018.

References

Law of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean legislation
2002 in Zimbabwe
2002 in law


The 2008 Central Asia energy crisis was an energy shortage in Central Asia, which, combined with the severe weather of the 2007-08 winter  (the coldest since 1969) and high prices for food and fuel, caused considerable hardship for many. The abnormally cold weather pushed demand up for electricity, exacerbating the crisis. The situation was most dire in Tajikistan.  An international appeal was made by the United Nations, NGOs, and the Red Cross and Red Crescent for around US$25 million to assist the government. At the time, The UN warned that millions face starvation during the 2008-09 winter.

World Bank debt and price hikes

At the beginning of January 2008, officials announced an electricity price hike of 20 percent to allow the "government [to] repay its debt to the World Bank." According to an official at Barqi Tojik, a national power company, limits will become stricter, and the price for electricity is expected to rise until 2010.

In April 2008, Pradeep Mitra, World Bank chief economist for Europe and Central Asia, issued an uncharacteristic statement, urging the worse-hit countries to spend more on social assistance and "top up" their social programs.

Nonetheless, Mitra focus remained centred "on inflation management," suggesting that the affected countries "especially refrain from imposing controls on trade" (measures recently undertaken by many countries to protect their populations from food price inflation and keep food available domestically), arguing that "it could work against the food supply in the longer term."

Power shortages

Starting on January 13, 2008, many villages received only one to three hours of electricity per day, and the capital Dushanbe cut power to residential areas overnight. On January 26, 2008, Dushanbe cut power to places of entertainment (including restaurants, shops, pharmacies, markets, and public bathhouses), causing many to close until spring. There were only few visible lights in the city which were from the owners of generators, factories, or people who had illegally tapped the power lines. The restriction was set to end February 10, however it was subsequently extended. There were only few exemptions to the restrictions which included government offices, hospitals, and certain industrial cities, such as Tursunzoda, which had a large aluminium plant. Because of inoperable central heating systems in Dushanbe and other cities, residents in apartment blocks had no means other than electricity to heat their homes.

Harsh winter

The situation was exacerbated by the cold winter, with temperatures reaching -20 degrees Celsius. Dushanbe residents reported wearing several jackets and overcoats to sleep and all family members sleeping under a single blanket to share warmth. The UN's World Food Programme also declared the food situation as being in emergency shortage, in both cities and rural areas.

Allegations of media suppression

As of mid-January 2008, the state-run media did not discuss the problem. Subsequently, throughout the month of February, there emerged numerous Western media reports of children dying in maternity wards of hospitals during blackouts. The Tajik government maintains that the blackouts were not responsible for any deaths. The Tajik government has appealed for international aid. Meanwhile, aid workers and diplomats urged the government to declare a state of emergency. The handling of the crisis has raised questions about the competence of the political leadership.

Famine warning

On March 3, 2008, it was reported that the crisis in Tajikistan has eased: "From now on (at least till the next winter) Dushanbe is not going to have problems with electricity and the tough schedule introduced in the beginning of this winter was abandoned on March 1, 2008 in Dushanbe by the decision of Barqi Tojik."  The Christian Science Monitor, neweurasia, and other media observers predicted that a nascent hunger crisis will erupt into a full famine as a consequence of the energy shortages, which subsequently happened. UN experts announced on 10 October that almost one-third of Tajikistan's 6.7 million inhabitants did not have enough to eat for the winter of 2008–09.

Kyrgyzstan

In Kyrgyzstan, also rich in hydroelectric resources, the cold weather had made demand 10% higher than in the winter of 2006/2007, which depleted the main Toktogul reservoir for hydroelectric power.

Uzbekistan
Beginning in late December 2007, the unusually harsh weather had frozen the gas supply to numerous homes and businesses across Uzbekistan. As a result, there had been numerous demonstrations and protests against the government, in favor of an insured uninterrupted supply of gas and electricity. The government response was varied, and in Karakalpakstan, they met protesters and promised to rectify the situation, while the local government head of Hazarasp responded to a complaint by one woman by cutting off gas altogether to all the houses on her street.

Some in Uzbekistan were able to turn to "traditional methods" for heating, and it was reported that some villages which had no trees left because villagers have cut them down to heat their homes and cook food. This had an expected negative effect on the economy, because the leaves are essential to the local silk industry, and the fruit grown on these trees are the main source of income for many villagers.

Turkmenistan
In some provinces of Turkmenistan, villagers were burning saxaul plants, a traditional Turkmen way to heat homes, since in the cities, the central heating pipes have been neglected and failed to produce adequate heat.

See also
 2008 Bulgarian Energy Crisis
 Energy crisis
 2000s commodities boom
 Global storm activity of 2008
 Global storm activity of 2007

References

Asia, Central
History of Central Asia
Energy in Tajikistan
Energy in Uzbekistan
Central Asia Energy Crisis, 2008
Central Asia Energy Crisis, 2008
Economy of Central Asia
Energy in Central Asia
Energy in Turkmenistan
Energy in Kyrgyzstan