Paul Stuart Appelbaum (born 1951) is an American psychiatrist and a leading expert on legal and ethical issues in medicine and psychiatry.

Appelbaum has been Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Law, and Director, Division of Law, Ethics, and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons since 2006.  \Appelbaum was President of the American Psychiatric Association (2002-2003) and President of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (1995-1996).

Appelbaum is a member of the Standing Committee on Ethics of the World Psychiatric Association, and Chair of the APA's DSM Steering Committee. He was the Fritz Redlich Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences; he was given the Isaac Ray Award of the American Psychiatric Association for "outstanding contributions to forensic psychiatry and the psychiatric aspects of jurisprudence." Appelbaum has been elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, and is a Hastings Center Fellow.

Appelbaum is credited with conceptualizing the idea of the therapeutic misconception in which subjects in medical research studies misunderstand the primary purpose of their contact with the research team as treatment.

Education and early career
Appelbaum is a graduate of Stuyvesant High School, Columbia College and Harvard Medical School.  He completed his residency at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center in Boston.  During his medical residency, Appelbaum studied as a special student at Harvard Law School.   He describes his legal training as of "critical importance to my later career development." He then became assistant professor of psychiatry at the Western Psychiatric Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical School. He credits the special student status he had at the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh while working as a young psychiatric research professor with helping him "move with greater assurance into empirical research on issues in law and psychiatry."

He returned to the Massachusetts Mental Health Center to serve as Executive Officer and as head of the Program in Psychiatry and Law for one year, before becoming the  A. F. Zeleznik Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.  He served for many years as chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and director of the Law and Psychiatry Program at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

Research
According to Appelbaum, his focus has always been on "trying to address the empirical questions that... inform and influence policy-related decisions."

His areas of particular expertise include the logic and practice of informed consent,  the understanding of the influence of law on psychiatry, and the prediction of dangerousness so as to better guide psychiatric practice. His original work with Tom Grisso in the assessment of patient competency has had broad influence for research and better treatment of both civil and criminal patients.

He developed a theory of ethics for forensic psychiatry.

Since moving to Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons in 2006, Appelbaum has focused on the medical, ethical and legal aspects of human genetic research.  He leads the Center for Research on the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic and Behavioral Genetics.

Appelbaum is a frequent media commentator on medical issues.

  The New York Times describes him as "a professor of psychiatry at Columbia who has published widely on medical ethics and the law."

Awards, honors, memberships
Four of Appelbaum's books have received the Manfred Guttmacher Award from the American Psychiatric Association and the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Appelbaum became  President of the American Psychiatric Association in May 2002.  He was President of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, and of the Massachusetts Psychiatric Society.  He has twice chaired the Council on Psychiatry and Law,  and the Commission on Judicial Action for the American Psychiatric Association, and served as a member of the MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Mental Health and the Law and on Mandated Community Treatment. He has received the Isaac Ray Award of the American Psychiatric Association for ‘outstanding contributions to forensic psychiatry and the psychiatric aspects of jurisprudence’.

Personal life
Appelbaum grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the son of a letter carrier and a school teacher. He is married to Diana Muir Appelbaum; they have three adult children, Binyamin Appelbaum; Yoni Appelbaum; and Avigail Appelbaum and belong to Congregation Ramath Orah in Manhattan.

Books
 The Clinical Handbook of Psychiatry and the Law, (3rd ed., 2000) with Thomas G. Gutheil.
 Almost a Revolution: Mental Health Law and the Limits of Change, (1994).
 Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment: A Guide for Physicians and Other Healthcare Professionals, (1998) with Thomas Grisso.
 Divided Staffs, Divided Selves: A Case Approach to Mental Health Ethics, (1987) with Stanley Joel Reiser, Harold J. Bursztajn, and Thomas G. Gutheil.
 Rethinking Risk Assessment, (2001) with John Monahan, Henry J. Steadman, Eric Silver, Pamela Clark Robbins, Edward P. Mulvey, Loren H. Roth, Thomas Grisso, and Steven Banks.

References

External links

American psychiatrists
20th-century American Jews
Living people
Columbia University faculty
Columbia Medical School faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Stuyvesant High School alumni
American medical academics
Harvard Medical School alumni
1951 births
Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association
Hastings Center Fellows
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows
21st-century American Jews
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


James Albert Hargreaves (May 2, 1950 – June 30, 2020) was a Canadian  professional ice hockey defenceman. Hargreaves played junior hockey with the Winnipeg Jets of the Western Canada Hockey League, and was selected in the second round of the 1970 NHL Amateur Draft by the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League. He played 66 games for the Canucks over the next three years, splitting time with their minor league affiliates in the American Hockey League and Western Hockey League. In 1973 he moved to the World Hockey Association (WHA), signing with the professional Winnipeg Jets. After one year in Winnipeg Hargreaves briefly joined the Indianapolis Racers before finishing his career with the San Diego Mariners, finishing with 174 games in the WHA. He retired from hockey in 1976. He died in 2020 at the age of 70.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards
 WCHL All-Star Team – 1970

References

External links

1950 births
2020 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Indianapolis Racers players
Rochester Americans players
San Diego Mariners players
Seattle Totems (WHL) players
Ice hockey people from Winnipeg
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Winnipeg Jets (WHA) players
Winnipeg Jets (WHL) players


In descriptive set theory, the Borel determinacy theorem states that any Gale–Stewart game whose payoff set is a Borel set is determined, meaning that one of the two players will have a winning strategy for the game. A Gale-Stewart game is a possibly infinite two-player game, where both players have perfect information and no randomness is involved.

The theorem is a far reaching generalization of Zermelo's Theorem about the determinacy of finite games. It was proved by Donald A. Martin in 1975, and is applied in descriptive set theory to show that Borel sets in Polish spaces have regularity properties such as the perfect set property and the property of Baire.

The theorem is also known for its metamathematical properties. In 1971, before the theorem was proved, Harvey Friedman showed that any proof of the theorem in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory must make repeated use of the axiom of replacement. Later results showed that stronger determinacy theorems cannot be proven in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, although they are relatively consistent with it, if certain large cardinals are consistent.

Background

Gale–Stewart games

A Gale–Stewart game is a two-player game of perfect information. The game is defined using a set A, and is denoted GA. The two players alternate turns, and each player is aware of all moves before making the next one. On each turn, each player chooses a single element of A to play. The same element may be chosen more than once without restriction. The game can be visualized through the following diagram, in which the moves are made from left to right, with the moves of player I above and the moves of player II below.

The play continues without end, so that a single play of the game determines an infinite sequence  of elements of A. The set of all such sequences is denoted Aω.    The players are aware, from the beginning of the game, of a fixed payoff set (a.k.a. winning set) that will determine who wins.   The payoff set is a subset of Aω. If the infinite sequence created by a play of the game is in the payoff set, then player I wins. Otherwise, player II wins; there are no ties.

This definition initially does not seem to include traditional perfect information games such as chess, since the set of moves available in such games changes every turn. However, this sort of case can be handled by declaring that a player who makes an illegal move loses immediately, so that the Gale-Stewart notion of a game does in fact generalize the concept of a game defined by a game tree.

Winning strategies
A winning strategy for a player is a function that tells the player what move to make from any position in the game, such that if the player follows the function they will surely win.  More specifically, a winning strategy for player I is a function f that takes as input sequences of elements of A of even length and returns an element of A, such that player I will win every play of the form

A winning strategy for player II is a function g that takes odd-length sequences of elements of A and returns elements of A, such that player II will win every play of the form

At most one player can have a winning strategy; if both players had winning strategies, and played the strategies against each other, only one of the two strategies could win that play of the game.   If one of the players has a winning strategy for a particular payoff set, that payoff set is said to be determined.

Topology
For a given set A, whether a subset of Aω will be determined depends to some extent on its topological structure. For the purposes of Gale–Stewart games, the set A is endowed with the discrete topology, and Aω endowed with the resulting product topology, where Aω is viewed as a countably infinite topological product of A with itself.  In particular, when A is the set {0,1}, the topology defined on Aω is exactly the ordinary topology on Cantor space, and when A is the set of natural numbers, it is the ordinary topology on Baire space.

The set Aω can be viewed as the set of paths through a certain tree, which leads to a second characterization of its topology. The tree consists of all finite sequences of elements of A, and the children of a particular node σ of the tree are exactly the sequences that extend σ by one element. Thus if A = { 0, 1 }, the first level of the tree consists of the sequences 〈 0 〉 and 〈 1 〉; the second level consists of the four sequences 〈 0, 0 〉, 〈 0, 1 〉, 〈 1, 0 〉, 〈 1, 1 〉; and so on.  For each of the finite sequences σ in the tree, the set of all elements of Aω that begin with σ is a basic open set in the topology on A. The open sets of Aω are precisely the sets expressible as unions of these basic open sets. The closed sets, as usual, are those whose complement is open.

The Borel sets of Aω are the smallest class of subsets of Aω that includes the open sets and is closed under complement and countable union. That is, the Borel sets are the smallest σ-algebra of subsets of Aω containing all the open sets. The Borel sets are classified in the Borel hierarchy based on how many times the operations of complement and countable union are required to produce them from open sets.

Previous results
Gale and Stewart (1953) proved that if the payoff set is an open or closed subset of Aω then the Gale–Stewart game with that payoff set is always determined. Over the next twenty years, this was extended to slightly higher levels of the Borel hierarchy through ever more complicated proofs.  This led to the question of whether the game must be determined whenever the payoff set is a Borel subset of Aω.  It was known that, using the axiom of choice, it is possible to construct a subset of {0,1}ω that is not determined (Kechris 1995, p. 139).

Harvey Friedman (1971) proved that any proof that all Borel subsets of Cantor space ({0,1}ω ) were determined would require repeated use of the axiom of replacement, an axiom not typically required to prove theorems about "small" objects such as Cantor space.

Borel determinacy
Donald A. Martin (1975) proved that for any set A, all Borel subsets of Aω are determined. Because the original proof was quite complicated, Martin published a shorter proof in 1982 that did not require as much technical machinery. In his review of Martin's paper, Drake describes the second proof as "surprisingly straightforward."

The field of descriptive set theory studies properties of Polish spaces (essentially, complete separable metric spaces). The Borel determinacy theorem has been used to establish many properties of Borel subsets of these spaces. For example, all Borel subsets of Polish spaces have the perfect set property and the property of Baire.

Set-theoretic aspects
The Borel determinacy theorem is of interest for its metamathematical properties as well as its consequences in descriptive set theory.

Determinacy of closed sets of Aω for arbitrary A is equivalent to the axiom of choice over ZF (Kechris 1995, p. 139). When working in  set-theoretical systems where the axiom of choice is not assumed, this can be circumvented by considering generalized strategies known as quasistrategies (Kechris 1995, p. 139) or by only considering games where A is the set of natural numbers, as in the axiom of determinacy.

Zermelo set theory (Z) is Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of replacement. It differs from ZF in that Z does not prove that the power set operation can be iterated uncountably many times beginning with an arbitrary set.  In particular, Vω + ω, a particular countable level of the cumulative hierarchy, is a model of Zermelo set theory.  The axiom of replacement, on the other hand, is only satisfied by Vκ for significantly larger values of κ, such as when κ is a strongly inaccessible cardinal. Friedman's theorem of 1971 showed that there is a model of Zermelo set theory (with the axiom of choice) in which Borel determinacy fails, and thus Zermelo set theory cannot prove the Borel determinacy theorem.

The existence of all beth numbers of countable index is sufficient to prove the Borel determinacy theorem.

Stronger forms of determinacy

Several set-theoretic principles about determinacy stronger than Borel determinacy are studied in descriptive set theory. They are closely related to large cardinal axioms.

The axiom of projective determinacy states that all projective subsets of a Polish space are determined. It is known to be unprovable in ZFC but relatively consistent with it and implied by certain large cardinal axioms. The existence of a measurable cardinal is enough to imply over ZFC that all analytic subsets of Polish spaces are determined.

The axiom of determinacy states that all subsets of all Polish spaces are determined. It is inconsistent with ZFC but in ZF + DC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory plus the axiom of dependent choice) it is equiconsistent with certain large cardinal axioms.

References

 L. Bukovský, reviewer, Mathematical Reviews, .

 S. Sherman, reviewer, Mathematical Reviews, .

 John Burgess, reviewer. Mathematical Reviews, .

F. R. Drake, reviewer, Mathematical Reviews, .

External links
 Borel determinacy and metamathematics. Ross Bryant. Master's thesis, University of North Texas, 2001.
 "Large Cardinals and Determinacy" at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Determinacy
Theorems in the foundations of mathematics


FIVE FOXes Co.,Ltd. (ファイブフォックス) is a company known as the apparel maker for COMME ÇA DU MODE.

It was famous for not having its own homepage, but it was created in August 2007 to accept new employees.

History

1976 - company established, COMME ÇA DU MODE was also created.
1978 - First store was created in Sapporo, Hokkaido
1993 - COMME ÇA ISM created
2000 - COMME ÇA Store created

Main Brands
COMME ÇA DU MODE
COMME ÇA ISM
CCM
COMME ÇA COLLECTION
ARTISAN
PRIGS
PPFM
Three Minutes Happiness

References
Company Information

External links
Official Site
Cafe comme ca

Clothing companies established in 1976
Manufacturing companies established in 1976
Japanese companies established in 1976
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Clothing manufacturers
Shibuya


Brett "the Toaster" Williams (born May 23, 1958 in Norfolk, Virginia) is a former Canadian Football League defensive end who played ten seasons for five different teams, as well as in the now defunct USFL, with Birmingham and Memphis. He was a CFL All-Star three times. He was nicknamed "the Toaster" because he also played offense in short yardage situations, thus he would "burn you on both sides" (of the football). Also after William Perry became famous in late 1985, appliance or kitchen-style nicknames became very popular for athletes such as Gerald McNeil being known as the Ice Cube and NBA player Vinnie Johnson being called the Microwave.

References

1958 births
Living people
BC Lions players
Birmingham Stallions players
Canadian football defensive linemen
Edmonton Elks players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Memphis Showboats players
Montreal Alouettes players
Montreal Concordes players
Players of American football from Norfolk, Virginia
Players of Canadian football from Norfolk, Virginia
Shreveport Pirates players


This is a list of drainage basins in the U.S. State of Colorado.

Colorado encompasses the headwaters of several important rivers. The state is divided into two major hydrographic regions by the Continental Divide of the Americas.  East of the Continental Divide, surface waters flow to the Gulf of Mexico, either via the Rio Grande or via one of several rivers (the South Platte River, the North Platte River, the Republican River, the Arkansas River, the Cimarron River, or the Canadian River) which eventually feed the Mississippi River along the way.  West of the Continental Divide, surface waters flow via the Green River, the upper Colorado River (formerly the Grand River), or the San Juan River into the Colorado River and on to the Gulf of California.

Colorado also has three significant endorheic basins: the San Luis Closed Basin in the San Luis Valley, and the Bear Creek Basin and the White Woman Basin spanning the Colorado-Kansas border north and south of the Arkansas River.

List of major drainage basins

See also

Surface-water hydrology
Bibliography of Colorado
Geography of Colorado
History of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
Outline of Colorado

Notes

References

External links

State of Colorado website
Colorado Division of Natural Resources
Colorado Water Conservation Board
Colorado Division of Water Resources
Colorado Geological Survey
Major Rivers of Colorado
Colorado's Decision Support Systems
Colorado Watersheds
Colorado Hydrologic Units

Colorado geography-related lists
Geography of Colorado
Lists of landforms of Colorado
Rivers of Colorado
Colorado, List of drainage basins in
Colorado, List of drainage basins in


Hirel (; ; Gallo: Hiraèu) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Hirel are called Hirélois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Brailly-Cornehotte is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D56 road, some  northeast of Abbeville.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Little Lucid Moments is the twelfth full-length studio album by the Norwegian band Motorpsycho that was released on March 31, 2008, by Rune Grammofon Records in Scandinavia, the UK, the United States and France and on March 28, 2008, by Stickman Records in Germany and the rest of Europe. It is available on CD and double vinyl. The four songs featured on the album are extremely long, each between 11 and 21 minutes.

This was the first album recorded with new drummer Kenneth Kapstad. It was once again co-produced by long-time collaborateur Helge Sten aka Deathprod.

As with most Motorpsycho albums, the cover art was created by Kim Hiorthøy.

Track listing
 Suite: Little Lucid Moments (21:05)
 Lawned (Consciousness Causes Collapse) (6:10)(Sæther)
 A Hoof to the Head (4:19)(Ryan/Sæther)
 Hallucifuge (Hyperrealistically Speaking...) (9:18)(Kapstad/Ryan/Sæther)
 Sweet Oblivion / Perfect Sense (1:14) (Ryan/Sæther)
 Year Zero (a damage report) (11:26) (Ryan)
 She Left on the Sun Ship (14:25) Featuring Confusion is Kjeks & (I think) I Feel Better Now...(Kapstad/Ryan/Sæther)
 The Alchemyst (12:27) a discourse on transmutation, pennies dropping & the luminiferous aether (Sæther)

Personnel
Bent Sæther: vocals, bass guitar, guitars, keyboards etc.
Hans Magnus Ryan: guitars, vocals, keyboards etc.
Kenneth Kapstad: drums

References

2008 albums
Motorpsycho albums


L'Hermitage (; ; Gallo: L'Ermitaij) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of L'Hermitage are called Hermitageois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


A showboat or show boat, is a boat which serves as a floating theater.

Showboat, Show Boat or Showboats may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment

Music
 Show Boat (1959 cast album), featuring Shirley Bassey and Dora Bryan
 Show Boat (1988 cast album), featuring Karla Burns and Jerry Hadley
 Showboat (Kenny Dorham album), 1960

Novel and adaptations
 Show Boat (novel), by Edna Ferber
Show Boat, a 1927 stage musical by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II based on the Ferber novel
Show Boat (1936 film), adapted by Oscar Hammerstein II and directed by James Whale, based on the stage musical
 Show Boat (1951 film), adapted by John Lee Mahin and directed by George Sidney, based on the stage musical
 Show Boat (1929 film), adapted by Charles Kenyon and directed by Harry A. Pollard, based on the Ferber novel

Radio

 Maxwell House Show Boat, a program broadcast on NBC radio (1933-1935)

Hotels and casinos
 Showboat Atlantic City, a hotel and former casino located in Atlantic City, New Jersey
 Showboat East Chicago, an East Chicago casino currently known as the Ameristar Casino East Chicago
 Showboat Hotel & Casino, a Las Vegas casino later known as the Castaways Hotel and Casino
 Showboat, Inc.,  a United States-based organization in the casino and entertainment industry

Sports
 Memphis Showboats, a former United States Football League team
 Memphis Showboats (2022), a United States Football League team
 South Texas Showboats, a former basketball team in the American Basketball Association

People
 Showboat Fisher (1899–1994), American baseball player
 Robert Hall (basketball) (1927–2014), American basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters nicknamed "Showboat"
 LaMont "ShowBoat" Robinson (born 1961), American basketball player, businessman and founder and owner/player of the Harlem Clowns

Other uses
 Showboat (dragster), an exhibition dragster built in the 1960s
 Showboat, the nickname of American Battleship USS North Carolina (BB-55)
 Showboating, showing off

See also
 Showboaters, a 2011 British reality show

Nicknames


Gerard Rioux (born February 17, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.  He played eight games in the National Hockey League with the Winnipeg Jets during the 1979–80 season, going scoreless.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1959 births
Living people
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Fort Wayne Komets players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Niagara Falls Flyers players
People from Iroquois Falls, Ontario
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Windsor Spitfires players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players


Guipry (; ; Gallo: Gipri) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Guipry-Messac.

Population
Inhabitants of Guipry are called Guipryens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Former communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The Diocese of Vitebsk (, ) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Vitebsk in the Ecclesiastical province of Minsk-Mohilev in Belarus.

History
 13 October 1999: Established as Diocese of Vitebsk  from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Minsk – Mohilev

Leadership
 Bishops of Vitebsk (Roman rite)
 Wladyslaw Blin (Уладзіслаў БЛІН) (since 13 Oct 1999)
 Aleh Butkevich (Алег Буткевіч)  (since 29 Nov 2013)

Churches
 Church of the Divine Providence in Słobódka
 Church of the Corpus Christi in

See also
Roman Catholicism in Belarus

References

Sources
 Official website
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Belarus
Christian organizations established in 1999
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1999 establishments in Belarus


Guipel (; ; Gallo: Gipèu) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Guipel are called Guipellois in French.

References

External links

Official website
Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Associació Esportiva Palma de Mallorca Fútbol Sala is a futsal club based in Palma de Mallorca, city of the autonomous community of Balearic Islands.

The club was founded in 1998 and its stadium is Estadio Son Moix with capacity of 1,000 seaters.

In July 2014, the club was transferred from Manacor to Palma de Mallorca changing the club name to AE Palma Futsal and playing from 2014 to 2015 season in Palau d'Esports Son Moix.

Sponsors
 Fisiomedia – (2007–2013)
 Hospital de Llevant – (2013–2014 )
 Palma Futsal – (2014– )

Current squad

Current technical staff

Season to season

13 seasons in Primera División
9 seasons in Segunda División
1 seasons in Segunda División B
1 seasons in Tercera División

References

External links
Official website
Profile at LNFS.es

Futsal clubs in Spain
Sports clubs and teams in the Balearic Islands
Futsal clubs established in 1998
1998 establishments in Spain
Sport in Palma de Mallorca


Guignen (; ; Gallo: Ginyen) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Viscounts of Guignen
The title of Viscount of Guignen had been the property of the House of Rohan since the 15th century. It was passed through to the Princes of Condé, members of the House of Bourbon by a marriage between Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Condé to Charlotte de Rohan who was created Viscountess in 1745. At her death in 1760, it became one of the subsidiary titles of the Condé's being confiscated during the revolution.

Population
Inhabitants of Guignen are called Guignennais in French.

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Neal Anthony Trotman (born 11 March 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

Football career

Oldham Athletic
Born in Levenshulme, Manchester, England, Trotman started his football career at Burnley and progressed through the club's youth system. He captained the club's youth side to reach the Alliance Cup final but lost. However, the following year, he was released by Burnley at the age of 18 and was soon picked up by Oldham Athletic.

After spending two months on the substitute bench in the first team, Trotman made his professional debut (and Oldham), coming on as a substitute for Stefan Stam in the second half, in a 2–1 win over Cheltenham Town on 4 November 2006. In his second appearance for the side, he scored his first goal for the club in an FA Cup tie against Kettering Town, in a 4–3 win. With his chances limited, he was sent out on loan to Halifax Town for the remainder of the 2006–07 season. By the time he joined Halifax Town on loan, Trotman made two appearances for the side and signed a new deal, keeping him until the end of the season.

Trotman made his Halifax Town debut on 23 January 2007 against York City, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw. He then scored three goals in three matches between 17 February 2007 and 24 February 2007, scoring against Stafford Rangers, Weymouth and Kidderminster Harriers. Trotman became a first team regular for Halifax Town until he suffered a hamstring injury that kept him out for six weeks. It wasn't until on 7 April 2007 when he made his return from injury, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Cambridge United. At the end of the 2006–07 season, Trotman made twelve appearances and scoring two times for the side.

Trotman's chances at the beginning of the 2007–08 season were also limited until injuries hit the Latics' defence. Trotman then found himself in a string of first team matches, impressing the manager and the fans in the process. He was quickly hailed a "hot prospect" by the fans and became a first team regular for the side. Trotman then scored his first goal of the season, coming against Doncaster Rovers in the first round of the FA Cup, which saw both drew 2–2. However, in the first round of the FA Cup replay, he was sent–off for a second bookable offence, which saw Oldham Athletic win 2–1. Trotman then scored his second goal of the season against Leeds United in Oldham's 3–1 win at Elland Road; however, he missed their historic 1–0 win over Everton at Goodison Park due to suspension after accumulating five yellow cards. His good aerial ability matched by his athleticism, strength and sharpness attracted scouts from clubs in higher divisions. With interest growing in Trotman, Oldham faced a tough fight to keep hold of him during the transfer window. On 29 January, it had been confirmed that Plymouth Argyle had made an undisclosed fee; however that bid alerted numerous clubs who were tracking his progress to make a move, among those clubs were Preston North End, Derby County, and Blackburn Rovers.

Preston North End
Trotman signed for Preston North End on 30 January 2008 for a fee of £500,000 (including "sell on" and "after appearances" clauses) on a three-year deal.

After spending three months on the sidelines, he made his Preston North End debut, coming on as a substitute for Sean St Ledger midway through the first half, who suffered an injury, in a 2–2 draw against Plymouth Argyle on 19 April 2008. At the end of the 2007–08 season, Trotman made three appearances for the side.

However, in the 2008–09 season, Trotman suffered a hernia injury that kept him sidelined for the rest of the year. By mid–December, he made his return to training and played in the reserve side for several months before being loaned out. For the next two years, Trotman was put on the transfer list by Preston manager Darren Ferguson after returning from a loan spell at League One side Huddersfield Town.

At the end of the 2010–11 season, he was released by the club upon expiry of his contract. Trotman was ranked number five by local newspaper Lancashire Live as "the most bizarre signings in the history of Preston North End".

Loan spells from Preston North End
In order to get first team football, he signed a one-month loan deal with Colchester United on 19 March 2009 to gain match fitness. Trotman made his Colchester United debut on 21 March 2009, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Leicester City. During the match, he "dominated both boxes in the air, turning in a man-of-the-match display", resulting from praise by Manager Paul Lambert. Trotman went on to make six appearances for Colchester United.

At the start of the 2009–10 season, he made his first start of the Preston North End coming on as a 67-minute substitute and scoring in their 5–1 win over Morecambe in the first round of the League Cup. On 20 August 2009, Trotman joined Southampton on loan until January 2010, having rejected a move to Millwall. His first start for the club came in their 1–1 draw at home to Brentford on 22 August 2009. Since joining the club, Trotman became a first team regular for the side. His first goal for the club came in a 3–1 victory away at Southend United on 9 October 2009. After being sidelined at the start of December, Trotman then scored in a 3–1 victory over Exeter City on Boxing day, 2009. Trotman's last appearance for Southampton came in their 2–1 away defeat at Colchester United on 28 December 2009, after making 18 appearances with 17 of them starts and scoring two goals for the club.

In January 2010, he was then loaned out to League One side Huddersfield Town on loan until the end of the season. On 30 January, he made his debut in the 1–0 win against Yeovil Town at Huish Park, along with two other of Towns new signings on loan striker Nathan Eccleston and Australian left back Dean Heffernan. He scored his first goal for the club in the 2–0 win against Hartlepool United at Victoria Park on 20 February 2010. On 13 March 2010, he scored his first goal at the Galpharm Stadium against Norwich City where Town lost 3–1 in the end. Trotman became a regular in the side, replacing vice captain Nathan Clarke partnering captain Peter Clarke in Towns central defence for the second half of the season. After helping the Terriers reach the play-offs, Trotman played in both legs against Millwall, as they lost 2–0 loss to Millwall in the semi-finals. After making 23 appearances and scoring twice for the side, Huddersfield Town manager Lee Clark, confirmed he wants to bring Trotman back to the club on a permanent basis after returning to his parent club, saying: "Neal did well in his time here, playing a key role in our improved away form in the second half of the season and we're looking at his situation."

On 25 November 2010, Trotman re-joined his previous club, Oldham Athletic on loan until January 2011. It wasn't until on 3 January 2011 when he made his second debut for Oldham Athletic, setting up the club's only goal of the game, in a 1–0 loss against Rochdale. Shortly after, his loan with the club was then extended until the end of the season. Since joining Oldham Athletic, Trotman became a first team regular for the side. Despite this, Trotman went on to make 18 appearances for Oldham Athletic while on loan.

Rochdale
Trotman signed for English League One club Rochdale on 14 July 2011 on a two-year contract. Prior to the move, he received "several other offers" before joining Rochdale.

Trotman made his debut for Rochdale in a 2–0 loss against Sheffield Wednesday in the opening game of the season. Trotman received his a red card after a second booking offence against his former Oldham Athletics (the club started his career) as Rochdale lost 2–0. After the match, Manager Steve Eyre criticised Trotman for his "moments of madness" during the match. He was again at fault against Stevenage on 3 September 2011 when he scored an own goal, in a 4–2 loss. Despite this, he continued to regain his first team place for Rochdale until his departure. At the end of the 2011–12 season, making twelve appearances for the club, local newspaper Manchester Evening News described Trotman time at Rochdale as "big disappointments".

Chesterfield
On 3 November 2011, Trotman joined Chesterfield on a two-month loan deal, with Dean Holden going in the opposite direction. Upon joining the club, he was given a number two shirt for the side.

He made his Chesterfield debut two days later, starting the whole game, in a 2–2 draw against Yeovil Town. The deal became permanent on 3 January 2012, having become a first team regular up until this moment. He was made captain of the side by manager John Sheridan for the rest of the season. It wasn't until on 10 March 2012 when Trotman scored his first goal for the club, in a 2–2 draw against Stevenage. However, he was unavailable to play in the final of the Football League Trophy, having played for Rochdale in the same competition earlier in the season. However, Trotman missed the rest of the 2011–12 season, due to a knee injury, as he made 24 appearances and scoring once for the side.

Ahead of the 2012–13 season, Trotman returned from injury in the club's pre–season. At the start of the season, he continued to retain his first team status under the management of Sheridan. After Sheridan sacking, Paul Cook appointed as a new manager and under his management, Trotman's first team was limited, resulting in him placed on the transfer list, along with Craig Westcarr. Trotman returned to the first team on 12 January 2013 after the club's injury crisis in defence and made an impressive performance in a 3–0 win over Northampton Town. After the match, Trotman was praised by Cook as "absolutely magnificent" and "manful". Since returning to the first team, he was featured in a number of matches for the side. Later in the 2012–13 season, Trotman formed a defensive partner with Liam Cooper. At the end of the 2012–13 season, having made 34 appearances, Trotman was among seven players to be released by Chesterfield following his expiry of the contract.

Plymouth Argyle
After being released by Chesterfield, Trotman went on trial with Scottish Premiership side Partick Thistle. He was offered a contract by them, but a deal was not agreed and he then had a short trial at Dundee United. He played in a friendly against Wigan Athletic, but was not offered terms. Trotman signed a short-term contract with Plymouth Argyle in August. The move, initially until January 2014, reunited him with Sheridan, who previously signed him at Oldham and Chesterfield.

He made his debut in a League Cup game at Birmingham City the next day, playing 120 minutes, as Plymouth Argyle lost 3–2. Since joining the club, Trotman became a first team regular for the side, playing in the centre–back position. It wasn't until on 25 October 2013 when he scored his first goal for the club in a league match at Mansfield Town, which saw Plymouth Argyle won 1–0. His handful of first team football resulted in Trotman signing a contract extension with the club until the end of the season. In a match against York City on 15 February 2014, he was sent–off in early first half, as Plymouth Argyle lost 4–0. After serving a one match suspension, Trotman then scored his second goal for the club, in a 2–1 loss against Bristol Rovers on 8 March 2014. At the end of the 2013–14 season, making forty–eight appearances and scoring two times for the side, Trotman was released by Plymouth Argyle upon expiry of his contract.

Bristol Rovers
On 7 August 2014, Neal agreed to a short-term deal to join Bristol Rovers in the Conference Premier following his release from Plymouth Argyle.

He made his Bristol Rovers debut against Barnet on 12 August 2014, starting a match before coming off at half time, as they lost 2–0. Trotman soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season. However, at the beginning of November, he suffered ankle injury that kept him out for a month. It wasn't until on 2 December 2014 when Trotman returned to the first team from injury, coming on as a substitute in the first half, in a 0–0 draw against Wrexham. He then scored his first goal for the club, in a 2–1 win over Torquay United on 26 December 2014. However, he was soon found himself away from the club, as he was placed on the substitute bench, and later sidelined with a knee injury for the rest of the season. Despite this, his involvement with Bristol Rovers this season saw the club went on to miss out on the Conference Premier league title on the final day by 1 point but earned promotion via the playoffs, triumphing on penalties against Grimsby Town, securing a return to the football league at the first time of asking.

After making 19 appearances and scoring once as the club won promotion, Trotman was released at the end of the 2014–15 season and subsequently retired from football aged 28 due to injury problems.

Career statistics

After football
After injury curtailed his career prematurely, Trotman decided to utilise his negative experiences to guide other professional sportsmen with the ups and downs of elite sport.

Alongside a football agency role, Trotman owns a sports psychotherapy consultancy where he helps sportsmen with overcoming issues such as injuries, discrimination and career progression.

Honours
Chesterfield
Football League Trophy winner: 2012

Bristol Rovers
Conference Premier play-offs: 2015

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
People from Levenshulme
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Burnley F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players


Williamia is a genus of small sea snails or false limpets, marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Siphonariidae, the false (air-breathing) limpets.

Their development is similar to other Siphonariids.

Species
Species within the genus Williamia include:
 Williamia eximia (Nevill in G. & H. Nevill, 1869)
 Williamia gussoni Costa, 1829
 Williamia krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
 Williamia magellanica Dall, 1927
 Williamia peltoides (Carpenter, 1864) - shield false limpet
 Williamia radiata (Pease, 1860)
 Williamia radiata nutata Headley, 1908
 Williamia subspiralis (Carpenter, 1864)

Species brought into synonymy:
 Williamia galapagana Dall : synonym of Williamia peltoides (Carpenter, 1864)
 Williamia gussonii (O. G. Costa, 1829): synonym of Williamia gussoni (Costa O. G., 1829)
 Williamia japonica Habe, 1962: synonym of Williamia radiata (Pease, 1860)
 Williamia kermadecensis (Iredale, 1912): synonym of Williamia radiata (Pease, 1860)
 Williamia nutata (Headley, 1908): synonym of Williamia radiata nutata (Headley, 1908)
 Williamia oblongata (Yokoyama, 1926): synonym of Siphonacmea oblongata (Yokoyama, 1926)
 Williamia polynesica Rehder, 1980: synonym of Williamia radiata (Pease, 1860)
 Williamia radiata Kuroda & Habe, in Habe, 1961: synonym of Williamia radiata (Pease, 1860)
 Williamia tomlini (Robson, 1913): synonym of Aporemodon tomlini Robson, 1913

References

 Discover Life
 Marshall B.A. (1981) The genus Williamia in the western Pacific (Mollusca: Siphonariidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8: 487-492

Siphonariidae


Singing in the Twins Wonderland (Volume 4) is an album by the Hong Kong Cantopop duo Twins. It is the fourth in their series of children's albums, and was released in August 2004.

Track listing
 "Three Blind Mice"
 "Fishes, Fishes Where are You?"
 "Starry Skies"
 "The More We Get Together"
 "Friends"
 "How Much"
 "The Three Little Kittens"
 "I Have Got Six Pence"
 "How Do You Do?"
 "Ring a Ring of Roses"
 "Froggie Froggie"
 "Our School Will Shine"
 "I Had a Little Nut Tree"
 "Table and Chair"
 "To the Circus"
 "When I was a Young Girl"
 "The Train"
 "Everybody Jump"
 "Sunny Day"
 "Goodbye to You"
Source: YesAsia

References

Twins (group) albums
2004 albums


"Footprints in the Sand" is a song recorded by British singer Leona Lewis for her debut studio album Spirit (2007). It was written by Simon Cowell, David Kreuger, Per Magnusson, Richard Page, and produced by Steve Mac. The song was digitally released as Lewis's third single on 9 March 2008 in the United Kingdom. Sony BMG and Syco Music launched it as a double A-side with "Better in Time", and "You Bring Me Down" as the B-side.

It is a R&B and pop song composed with a tempo of sixty beats per minute. It was written in a period of one day at Page's home in Malibu, California, with Cowell giving the idea to base it on the Christian poem "Footprints". The single's music video was filmed by British director Sophie Muller in Johannesburg, South Africa. The video describes social problems within the city, but ends with a message of hope. "Footprints in the Sand" became the official theme of the 2008 version of biennial charity programme Sport Relief, by BBC.

The song received positive reviews from music critics, some of them noting its gospel sounds and Lewis's vocals being compared to American R&B singer Mariah Carey. "Footprints in the Sand" charted as a separate single in Ireland, the United Kingdom and the European Hot 100 Singles, whilst the double A-side appeared in Germany and Switzerland, and was certified gold in the UK by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), in 2008. In the same year, Lewis performed the song for the first time in the UK live on the television programme Dancing on Ice. In 2009, the song was covered by Lucie Jones, a contestant of The X Factor, and by Julia Star from Swiss programme Die grössten Schweizer Talente.

Production and composition
"Footprints in the Sand" was written by Simon Cowell, David Kreuger, Per Magnusson and Richard Page, whilst the production was helmed by Steve Mac. It was recorded in 2007 at Rokstone Studios in London, England. Cowell originally came up with the idea to base a song around the Christian poem "Footprints", and suggested it to Kreuger and Magnusson. They had a scheduled session in Page's home in Malibu, California and finished the song the next day. Cowell secured a songwriting credit for coming up with the idea. In an interview with HitQuarters, Magnusson said they had thought the song would be a good idea for Irish boy band Westlife, but it was offered to British singer Leona Lewis instead. When Cowell mentioned the song concept to Lewis, she agreed that it could be "really quite interesting". Regarding the song, Lewis commented: "Originally it was a poem; it's very inspirational so we put it into a song. I think it is very moving, with a very emotional lyric and I really love to sing this song"; and added that the poem "[is] about standing by someone and being there for people who need your help."

"Footprints in the Sand" was included on Lewis's debut studio album Spirit, which was released in 2007 by Syco and J Records. The song has a duration of 4:09 and was composed using common time in the key of A major with a larghetto tempo of sixty beats per minute; Lewis's vocals spanned from the low note of E3 to the high note of G5. The song follows the sequence of A5–A5/B–Fm7–E in the verses and A–B–Bm–Fm–G–D in the chorus as its chord progression. It incorporates four instruments: keyboard instruments (a piano, an organ and synthesizers), guitar, bass and drums, and includes a choir performance made by The Tuff Session Singers. It incorporates elements of R&B and pop musical genres, and, according to music critics, contains a gospel production performed by a choir and features "crashing drums".

Release and promotion
On 29 January 2008, Lewis announced on her website that "Footprints in the Sand", along with "Better in Time", would be released as a double A-side. The single was launched with the song "You Bring Me Down" as the B-side, and was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 9 March 2008, and a physical release on the following day, with proceeds going to the charity. The song was remixed for the single release ("Single Mix"), which, unlike the original version, begins with Lewis's voice only, and music starts after she performs the first verse—the album version of "Footprints in the Sand" starts with a piano tune before she starts to sing the lyrics—, and lasts at 3:58.

"Footprints in the Sand" became the official song of the charity Sport Relief, a biennial charity organised by Comic Relief and BBC Sport, for their 2008 broadcast. In her performance, Lewis sang the song to the Sports Relief event. Also, there were musicians that played violas, violins, and a piano, and The Tuff Session Singers performed the chorus. Whilst she sang, images of "sadness and desperation" were shown to the public. But, as the Tuff Session Singers began, the third chorus, those images became pictures of "happiness". As part of promotion, Lewis performed the song live on the British television programme Dancing on Ice on 9 March 2008; her song accompanied Torvill and Dean's ice dance routine. In 2013, Lewis added the song to the setlist of her Glassheart Tour.

Music video

The accompanying music video was filmed in Johannesburg, South Africa, and was directed by British director Sophie Muller back-to-back with the video for "Better in Time". It premiered on Lewis official website and BBC Radio 1's website on 27 February 2008. The video begins with the message "Working to change lives across the world, in support of Sport Relief". Then, it intercuts a performance of Lewis in front of a wall and greyscale scenes: an image of a child walking on a landfill site, a funeral, a child lying in the street, and a kid sat in a traffic island. As the first chorus begins, the video continues showing scenes of poverty and AIDS issues in the country. Whilst the second verse goes, pictures of malnourished people appears. As the second chorus and the bridge elapse people crying still coming on the scene. But whereas The Tuff Session Singers start to sing the third chorus, the video begins to show images of kids playing association football and cricket. The video ends with children and people smiling as Lewis sings the outro of the song. It was released on the US iTunes Store on 3 February 2009.

Reception

Critical response
Upon the release of Spirit, "Footprints in the Sand" received generally positive reviews by music critics, with some of them comparing Lewis's performance to other singers such as Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera. In his review of the album, Chris Elwell-Sutton of the Evening Standard commented that the song would be perfect as a "theme to a Disney movie". Whilst reviewing Spirit, Chad Grischow of IGN Music described "Footprints in the Sand", along with "Here I Am", as a "sleeper ballad". Lyndsey Winship, a reviewer from BBC Music, noted that the song "is a piano warbler that brings Leona's voice to the forefront".

A reviewer for South African news site iafrica.com described the song as a "show-stopping [...] lush Mariah-style ballad [...] that utilises Lewis'[s] full vocal range and sounds uncannily like Carey at her best. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine called it "drippy", and added that with "Footprints" Lewis would receive comparisons to Carey. Digital Spy's reviewers gave similar opinions about "Footprints in the Sand". Nick Levine in his review of the album called the song an "histrionic finale" of Spirit, and added that it "seems hellbent on revisiting Mariah Carey's schlock-pop masterwork 'Anytime You Need a Friend'". After it was released as a single Alex Fletcher claimed it has "the sort of ludicrous outro even Mariah Carey might consider over-the-top" and that its lyrics "will have your granny in tears".

Chart performance

"Footprints in the Sand" charted in Europe, reaching position seventy-three on the European Hot 100 Singles. In November 2007, the song debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number sixty-five, staying on the chart for another week. On 15 March 2008, the single re-entered it at number sixty-three. "Footprints in the Sand" claimed its peak position next week at number twenty-five, staying on the chart for eleven weeks. On the Irish Singles Chart the song debuted and peaked at number fifty; whilst on the Swiss Singles Chart, it debuted on 15 November 2009 at thirty-five, and it stayed there three weeks.

The double A-side "Better in Time" and "Footprints in the Sand" debuted at number seventy-four on the UK Singles Chart on 1 March 2008. After selling 40,476 copies it peaked at number two on 22 March 2008, the same week "Footprints in the Sand" debuted in the top forty. It was Lewis's third single to reach the top five in the UK. It was certified as gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 16 January 2009. The single debuted on the German Singles Chart on 16 June 2008 at number five, and reached its peak position, at number two, on 28 July 2008. It also peaked on the European Hot 100 at number eight.

Track listings and formats
CD single (Syco), CD single (RCA) and Swiss CD single
"Better in Time" (Single Mix) – 3:55
"Footprints in the Sand" (Single Mix) – 3:58

German premium single
"Better in Time" (Single Mix) – 3:55
"Footprints in the Sand" (Single Mix) – 3:58
"Bleeding Love" (Moto Blanco Remix Radio Edit) – 3:40
"Better in Time" (Video) – 3:58

Sony single; Swiss maxi single
"Better in Time" (Single Mix) – 3:55
"Footprints in the Sand" (Single Mix) – 3:58
"Bleeding Love" (Moto Blanco Remix Radio Edit) – 3:40

UK Sport Relief CD single
"Better in Time" – 3:55
"Footprints in the Sand" – 4:09
"You Bring Me Down" – 3:54

Credits and personnel

"Footprints in the Sand"
Leona Lewis – vocals
Carmen Reese – background vocals
The Tuff Session Singers – choirs
Steve Mac – arranger, producer, keyboards and synthesizers
Steve Pearce – bass
Dave Arch – piano, organ, strings arranger
John Paricelli – guitars
Chris Laws – recorder, drums, pro–tools editor
Daniel Pursey – recorder
Hayden Bendall – strings recorder
Richard Page – writer
Per Magnusson – writer
David Kreuger – writer
Simon Cowell – writer

"You Bring Me Down"
Leona Lewis – vocals, writer
Salaam Remi – bass, piano, drums, writer
Vincent Henry – saxophone, flute, clarinet
Bruce Purse – trumpet, bass trumpet, flugelhorn
Vlado Meller – master
Manny Marroquin – mixer
Taj Jackson – vocal producer, writer
Gleyder "Gee" Disla – recorder
Franklin "Esoses" Socorro – recorder

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links
 Music video at YouTube
 Lyrics at Leona Lewis Official Website

2000s ballads
2007 songs
2008 singles
Charity singles
Contemporary R&B ballads
Leona Lewis songs
Music videos directed by Sophie Muller
Pop ballads
Songs written by Per Magnusson
Songs written by David Kreuger
Songs written by Richard Page (musician)
Comic Relief singles
Syco Music singles
Song recordings produced by Steve Mac
Christian songs
Songs based on poems


Limehouse Conservation Area is located on the Niagara Escarpment near Limehouse, Ontario and is owned and operated by Credit Valley Conservation. It is within the watershed of the Credit River, being bisected by its tributary, the Black Creek. Redside dace, a provincially threatened species of fish, is found there. The area is known for a system of deep rock fissures and crevices, some of which are accessible from a trail via ladders at the location known as the "Hole in the Wall". Remains of the 19th century lime kilns (first opened in 1840 and ceased operations in 1917) can be found in the area, making it a site of the regional cultural heritage.

References

External links
 Credit Valley Conservation: Limehouse Conservation Area

Niagara Escarpment
Conservation areas in Ontario
Protected areas of the Regional Municipality of Halton
Credit Valley Conservation
Credit River


Bray-lès-Mareuil (, literally Bray near Mareuil; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D3 road, some  south of Abbeville.

Population

See also
Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


This is the discography of the band Traffic.

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums
 Best of Traffic – 1969 US #48, AUS #12
 Heavy Traffic – 1975 US #155
 More Heavy Traffic – 1975 US #193
 Smiling Phases – 1991
 Heaven Is in Your Mind - An Introduction to Traffic – 1998 (part of Island's An Introduction to... series)
 Feelin' Alright: The Very Best of Traffic – 2000 (re-released in 2007 as The Definitive Collection, part of Universal's The Definitive Collection series)
 The Collection – 2002
 20th Century Masters - The Best of Traffic - The Millennium Collection – 2003 (part of Universal's 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection series)
 Traffic Gold – 2005 (part of Universal's Gold series)

Singles

Guest appearances

Notes

References

Discographies of British artists
Rock music group discographies
Discography


La Guerche-de-Bretagne (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

The cellist Louis-Marie Pilet (1815–1877) was born in La Guerche-de-Bretagne.

Population
Inhabitants of La Guerche-de-Bretagne are called Guerchais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Johannes Juliaan Gijsbert "Hans" Jansen (; 17 November 1942 – 5 May 2015) was a Dutch politician, scholar of contemporary Islam and author.

Hans Jansen belonged to the "revisionists" in Islamic Studies, i.e. he fundamentally doubted the historicity of the Islamic traditions on early Islam which were written only 150 to 200 years after Muhammad. Moreover, Jansen doubted the existence of Muhammad as a historical person.

Life and career

Hans Jansen's parents were strict Calvinists. At the age of 17, Jansen began studying theology at the University of Amsterdam, yet changed the subject after one year to Arabic and Semitic languages. In 1966 he spent one year in Cairo in order to learn Arabic. Then he continued his studies at the University of Leiden where he made his Ph.D. in 1974.

Jansen taught at the universities of Groningen, Leiden and Amsterdam, and was director of the Dutch Research Institute in Cairo. Then he became associate professor at the University of Leiden. 2003-2008 he was Houtsma Professor of Modern Islamic Thought at the University of Utrecht.

In 1988 Jansen converted to Catholicism. He later said that he then thought also about a conversion to Islam: Islam has "a very attractive and powerful culture, a high culture, great beauty. An enormous suction effect." Jansen was married twice. His first wife Eefje van Santen was daughter of the communist politician Joop van Santen. With his second wife he had three children. One of his sons is a cabaret performer.

Jansen died of a cerebral infarction at the age of 72.

Political commitment

While busy with his university studies, Jansen was member of a leftist group and left the room in protest when somebody mentioned the word "Israel". The turning point of his opinion about Islam was the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in 1981. Some of his friends experienced the event personally.

Jansen was friend to Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Theo van Gogh. In newspaper articles, interviews and talk shows, he criticized Islam and how politics dealt with Islam. He participated in the international counter-jihad conferences in Brussels in 2007 and in 2012.

In 2008, he advised Geert Wilders about his anti-Islam movie Fitna and in 2010 he was a principal witness in the trial of Geert Wilders.

Jansen was an expert witness on the Koran and Shariah in the trial in Birmingham Magistrates Court (Crown vs Timothy Martin Burton) on 8 April 2014, which came to be known as the Birmingham Taqiyya Trial. Mr Burton was subsequently found guilty of Racially Aggravated Harassment.

In the 2014 European Parliament election, Jansen was elected for Wilders' Party for Freedom as MEP.

Research

Hans Jansen is part of the so-called "revisionist" or historical-critical line of Islamic Studies. He fundamentally doubts the historicity of the Islamic traditions on the beginning of Islam which came into being only 150 to 200 years after the event.

In his main work De Historische Mohammed (not available in English), Jansen discusses chapter by chapter the depictions in the prophet's biography by Ibn Ishaq resp. Ibn Hisham which is an important text for traditional Islam. He shows in detail, why the respective depictions are not credible. Jansen reveals self-contradictions, contradictions to other historical sources, embellishments by later authors, politically or theologically motivated distortions of the depiction, symbolic meanings of allegedly historical names, literary construction of the depiction according e.g. to biblical models, and chronological and calendrical incredibilities. In part, Jansen only sums up what other researchers already had found.

Some examples:

 Although there were leap months at the time of Muhammad which had to be intercalated frequently into the moon calendar and which only later became abandoned (allegedly by Muhammad), not a single of the many most accurately dated events depicted by Ibn Ishaq is in a leap month.
 The most accurate dating of so many events by an author who writes 150 years later is not very credible.
 The depiction of a strong relationship between Muhammad and his wife Aisha is motivated politically resp. theologically: Aisha was the daughter of Caliph Abu Bakr who became Muhammad's successor against the claims of his rival Ali. In order to legitimate this succession against the Shiites who were in favour of Ali, the relationship of Abu Bakr's daughter to Muhammad became emphasized: That Aisha allegedly was the favourite wife of Muhammad, and that the prophet consummated marriage with Aisha allegedly at an astonishingly early age.
 The depiction of slaughtering the Jewish tribe of the Banu Quraiza is motivated politically resp. theologically: As the "treaty of Medina" shows, the Jews were initially part of the Umma and were addressed as "believers"; cf. the research of Prof. Fred Donner. When Islam later separated from Judaism, antisemitic readings of the past came into being. The threefold treason of Muhammad by three Jewish tribes is a literary construction according to biblical models, e.g. the threefold treason of Jesus by the apostle Peter, and thus is historically questionable. There are other traditions about the same event which tell that only the leaders of the tribe had been punished but not each single member of the tribe. The names of the three Jewish tribes do not occur in the "treaty of Medina". Finally, such a mass slaughtering would not have gone unnoticed, even not in Muhammad's time, and especially not considering that the victims were Jews: Jews used to live in international trading networks, and Jews are known to write down their history. Most likely, the slaughtering of the Banu Quraiza never happened.
 The depictions of Ibn Ishaq are generally known to boldly exaggerate the capacities of the prophet. According to Ibn Ishaq Muhammad always kills more enemies as according to other traditions. Even the depiction of the prophet's male potency who allegedly could satisfy all his wives in one night is exaggerated in a questionable way. Of the same category is the depiction of Muhammad as an illiterate person. The revelation of the Quranic text is all the more miraculous and the capacity of the prophet is all the more astonishing if Muhammad was an illiterate person.
 The account of Muhammad's message to the emperor of Byzantium, that he should convert to Islam, retrospectively justifies the Arabic expansion as a religious, Islamic expansion.

Jansen points out that the historically questionable traditions are of great importance for the interpretation of the Quran. The Quran mostly does not reveal the situation for which a revelation was made. The historical context is merely indicated, at best. Many Islamic traditions came into being long after Muhammad on the basis of mere guesses for what situation a Quranic verse had been revealed. By the historically questionable traditions the interpretation of Quran is restricted since then.

In the epilogue, Jansen concluded that Muhammad did not exist as a historical person. Thus, Jansen belongs to a minority within the "revisionist" school which supports this position. The book De Historische Mohammed was reviewed positively e.g. by Prof. Karl-Heinz Ohlig. A respectful but critical review was given e.g. by Stefan Weidner on Qantara.de. The historian Dan Diner highly acclaimed Hans Jansen's Mohammed as a work of enlightenment.

Publications
Books in Dutch:
Inleiding tot de Islam (1987)
De Koran uit het Arabisch Vertaald door Prof. dr. J.H. Kramers (1992) (edited by Asad Jaber & Johannes J.G.Jansen)
Nieuwe Inleiding tot de Islam (1998)
Het Nut van God (2001)
God heeft gezegd: terreur, tolerantie en de onvoltooide modernisering van de islam (2003)
De radicaal-islamitische ideologie: Van Ibn Taymiyya tot Osama ben Laden, Oratie Universiteit van Utrecht, 3 februari 2004
Islam: een hoorcollege over de islamitische godsdienst en cultuur (2005, audio-cd)
De historische Mohammed: de Mekkaanse verhalen (2005)
De historische Mohammed: de verhalen uit Medina (2007)
Bombrieven (2008, correspondence with Abdul-Jabbar van de Ven)
Islam voor varkens, apen, ezels en andere beesten (2008)
Zelf Koran lezen (2008)
Eindstrijd, edited by Jansen & Snel (2009)

Books in English (Many other titles are not yet available in English):
 The Interpretation of the Koran in Modern Egypt (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974)
 The Neglected Duty: The Creed of Sadat’s Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East (New York: Macmillan, 1986)
 The Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism (London: Hurst & Company, 1997)
Columns
 For the Dutch blog GeenStijl.nl

References

External links

His website, partially in English contains a list of publications and a CV.
Interview at religioscope site

1942 births
2015 deaths
Counter-jihad activists
Dutch male bloggers
Dutch political writers
Dutch columnists
Dutch Roman Catholics
Dutch critics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism
Christian scholars of Islam
Islam in the Netherlands
Dutch Islamic studies scholars
University of Amsterdam alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Academic staff of Utrecht University
Linguists from the Netherlands
Reformed Churches Christians from the Netherlands
MEPs for the Netherlands 2014–2019
Party for Freedom MEPs
Writers from Amsterdam


Grand-Fougeray (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in north-western France.

Geography
The river Chère forms most of the commune's southern border.

Population
Inhabitants of Grand-Fougeray are called Fulkériens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Goven (; ; Gallo: Govaen) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Geography
The Meu river flows into the Vilaine in the commune.

Population
Inhabitants of Goven are called Govenais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Grenoble – Le Versoud Aerodrome ()  is an airport located 10 km northeast of Grenoble, in Le Versoud, a commune of the Isère department in the Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The airport had 69,058  aircraft movements in 2009 and 72,493 in 2011.

References

External links
 Aérodrome de Grenoble - Le Versoud

Airports in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Transport in Grenoble
Buildings and structures in Isère


La Gouesnière (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Charles de Gaulle, on a trip to Brittany, stopped in the city on September 11, 1960 before joining Saint-Malo.

La Gouesnière is twinned with Saint-Désert wine village, in the heart of the Burgundy vineyard, quoted in the poem of Aragon, The conscript of the hundred villages, written as an act of intellectual Resistance in a clandestine way in the spring of 1943, during the Second World War.

Population
Inhabitants of La Gouesnière are called Gouesnériens in French.

Economy

Probiomer Manufacturing industries in La Gouesnière: a relanscaping to emulate, ignite creativity, fuel discovery, and enrich lives

The former Probiomer industries factory in the municipality of La Gouesnière carries a story, it tells the avatars of a clan passionate about innovation around a family factory, the enthusiasm and energy of men and women who invented it, carried it and made it work.

The creation of a new socio-cultural space on this site will consist in giving it a second life by dividing it into several spaces, redesigned to measure to accommodate project leaders in various fields of associative and civic life, innovation, culture, solidarity...

The construction program for this new Gouesnerian agora has awakened memories plunging into the rediscovery of archival photos dating back half a century: to the historic site of the Probiomer industries founded by a jeweler-watchmaker from the Bay of Mont -Saint-Michel, Théophile Lognoné (1895-1974).

During the crisis of 1936, his work had received the honorary bonus from the Ministry of Agriculture for developing his research between sea and sea. In particular, his discovery of the properties of living organic calcium to better nourish the earth. This mineral, present in the shelly sand of the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel and the Ponant islands, is still used today to fertilize the soil and improve research in nutrition and health.

Innovating and cooperating for the future of La Gouesnière is also a message that promotes living together and social life in Gouesnière. Also, this new socio-cultural room could also consider a memorial component, guardian of the time of memories ready to transmit and make future generations want to engage from Brittany to the Channel Islands.

Towards a Third Place socio-cultural space?

The historic location of Probiomer industries could become a place for sharing knowledge, working together, economic dynamism, cultural mediation, social animation... A friendly place where intergenerational relations will be favored.

This factory of new innovative and civic initiatives would work in particular thanks to the involvement of local actors and associations who need spaces to carry out their projects.

Also, elected officials and technicians in charge of forecasting could decide to give them the floor and set up an architectural office to collect ideas and needs.

Third-places are open and hybrid spaces whose main purpose is to facilitate meetings between actors with varied backgrounds and projects. Living places, we share and highlight the capacities and talents of each one.

Third places integrate into development projects in their territory, adapting to their environment, in order to bring real added value to the service of users.

Third places can accommodate various components in dedicated spaces:

INNOVATION

... to stimulate creative processes through collective intelligence, experimentation and prototyping (e.g. Fablabs or manufacturing laboratories...).

ECONOMIC LIFE

... with shared and collaborative work desks for entrepreneurs, nomadic workers or companies looking for flexibility. We share tools, we cross experiences, we discuss, we imagine projects. You can also provide training and organize seminars.

CULTURE

... in order to share knowledge, know-how, but also to organize exhibitions, concerts, workshops...

SOCIAL AND SOLIDARITY ACTION

... for listening and caring for people in difficulty. But also, for the animation of meetings around the challenges of society, citizen participation, public actions. Third place of activities, creation and housing (home, artistic residence...), there are many orientations to imagine to revive the nursery of ideas and innovations that must continue to transmit the old Probiomer industries website.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


is a passenger railway station in the city of Midori, Gunma, Japan, operated by the private railway operators Tōbu Railway and the Jōmō Electric Railway.

Lines
Akagi Station is a terminal station of the Tōbu Kiryū Line, and is located 20.3 kilometers from the opposing terminal of the line at . It is also a station for the Jōmō Line and is 19.6 kilometers from the starting point of that line at .

Station layout
Akagi Station has one island platform for the Jōmō Line and one bay platform serving two tracks for the Tōbu Kiryū Line, with both sets of platforms elevated with the station building underneath. Both companies share the same set of ticket barriers.

Platforms

Adjacent stations

History
The station opened on 10 November 1928 as  on the Jōmō Line. The Tōbu Railway station opened on 18 March 1932. The station was renamed Akagi Station on 1 November 1958.

From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on all Tōbu lines, with Akagi Station becoming "TI-57".

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the Tōbu station was used by an average of 1201 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
 Former Ōmama town hall
 Ōmama Post Office
 Ōmama-Minami Elementary School

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 Tobu Railway station information
 Jomo Railway station information

Tobu Kiryu Line
Stations of Jōmō Electric Railway
Stations of Tobu Railway
Railway stations in Gunma Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1928
Midori, Gunma


Mike Walker (born July 5, 1958) is a former Canadian Football League defensive tackle who played ten seasons for two teams. He was a CFL All-Star three times. He was a part of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 1986 Grey Cup winning team.  Since retiring he has been a defensive line coach for the Washington State Cougars, Toronto Argonauts, Edmonton Eskimos and Saskatchewan Roughriders.

He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame as a player in 2021.

References

1958 births
Living people
Canadian football defensive linemen
Edmonton Elks coaches
Edmonton Elks players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Pike High School alumni
Players of Canadian football from Indianapolis
Washington State Cougars football coaches
Washington State Cougars football players
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees


Jocelyn Wang (; Wade-Giles: Wang I-jen) is an actress, former news anchorwoman and TV hostess in Taiwan. She is best known for her role as the lead anchor for TVBS-NEWS in the evening. Since November 2005, she has phased out her involvement in the mass media to focus on a career in show business.

Jocelyn graduated from Tamkang University in Taipei with a bachelor's degree in Economics. She has also attended an ESL program at New York University's American Language Institute.

Dramas

References

External links

Personal Blog
Jocelyn Wang Related Videos on YouTube

1980 births
Living people
Taiwanese female models
Tamkang University alumni
New York University alumni
Taiwanese television news anchors
Women television journalists
Taiwanese women journalists
Taiwanese women television presenters


Pitcher Mountain is a  2,153 feet (656 m) monadnock located in southwest New Hampshire. The mountain is traversed by the 50 mile (80 km) Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway and offers 360 degree views from its open summit. Lower elevations are wooded with species of the northern hardwood forest type; small stands of coniferous red spruce cling to the upper slopes. A fire tower stands on the summit and a beef livestock farm occupies the east shoulder of the mountain. Pitcher Mountain is part of an extensive area of heath barrens and blueberry fields that continue north over Hubbard Hill and Jackson Hill.

The east and north sides of Pitcher Mountain drain into the Beards Brook watershed, then into the Contoocook River, then the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean. The west and south sides drain into Robinson Brook, thence Otter Brook, "The Branch", the Ashuelot River, then the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound.

References

 Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail Guide, fifth edition (1994). Concord, New Hampshire: Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests.
 Delorme Topo 6.0 (2006). Mapping software. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme.

Mountains of Cheshire County, New Hampshire
Mountains of New Hampshire


The Diocese of Belluno-Feltre () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the Veneto, northern Italy, organized in its current form in 1986. From 1197 to 1762, and again from 1818 to 1986, the Diocese of Belluno and the Diocese of Feltre were united under a single bishop, with the name diocese of Belluno e Feltre. The current diocese is a suffragan of the Patriarchate of Venice.

History

Christianity is said to have been first preached there by St. Hermagoras, a disciple of St. Mark and first Bishop of Aquileia, and next by Prosdocimus, first Bishop of Padua. As Francesco Lanzoni points out, there is no actual evidence. Ferdinando Ughelli places the first bishop, Theodorus, in the reign of Emperor Commodus (180–192), and the second, St. Salvator, as succeeding under Pertinax (193). A second Bishop Theodorus is said to have brought from Egypt the remains of St. Giovata (Zotas), patron of the city. A "Passion of S. Zotas", found in a manuscript of the 12th century, claims that Zotas had been executed at Ptolemais (?) in Libya by an official of the Emperor Maximianus (285–305); his body was buried by Bishop Theodorus. Zotas, however, is completely unknown to the ancient  martyrologies of Egypt and Libya. Modern authors of Belluno claim that Bishop Theodore left his diocese and brought the remains of Zotas to Belluno, where, in due course, he was elected bishop. The tales carry no weight.

The first bishop known to history is a certain Laurentius. In 587, he attended the schismatic assembly convened by Severus, Patriarch of Aquileia, in connection with the schism of the Three Chapters.

At the end of the 10th century Belluno was affected by the political disturbances then agitating the Venetian provinces. On 10 September 963, Bishop Joannes II (959) obtained from Emperor Otto I for himself and his successors the title of count and temporal sovereignty over the city and the surrounding territory. He also fortified the city.

The twelfth century was a stormy period for Belluno, in both civil and ecclesiastical respects. In the spring of 1197, Bishop Gerardo de Taccoli joined the united armies of Belluno, Padua and Forogiulio to besiege the Castello of Zumelle. On 20 April, at the battle of Cesana, Bishop Gerardo of Belluno was killed by the soldiers of Treviso. The Patriarch of Aquileia immediately excommunicated the people of Treviso. Belluno was left without a bishop. In the 16th century, Giulio Doglioni published a catalogue of bishops of Belluno from old manuscripts, which contained the notice: "Drudus de Camino Feltren. et Bellun. episcopus, sub quo primum uniti sunt episcopatus Belluni et Feltri." Another ancient catalogue was published by Gianantonio degli Egregii, containing the statement: "Uniti sunt episcopalus Belluni et Feltri. Successit episcopus Drudus episcopo Gerardo."  Bishop Drudus succeeded the murdered Gerardus as bishop of the united dioceses; Drudus died in 1200. The two dioceses continued to be suffragans of the Patriarch of Aquileia.

In 1462, at the request of the Venetian Republic, the two dioceses were separated.

The first Bishop of Belluno following the separation was Ludovico Donato. Bishops Pietro Barozzi, Mose Buffarello, and Bernardo Rossi (1499) rebuilt the cathedral. Luigi Lollin (1595) promoted the love of learning among the clergy and left bequests to provide for a number of priests at the University of Padua. Giulio Berlendis (1655) completed the work of enforcing the Tridentine reforms, and Gianfrancesco Bembo, a member of the Somaschi (1695), was zealous in the cause of popular education.

In 1751, pressured both by Austria and Venice, who were exasperated by the numerous discords in the patriarchate of Aquileia, Pope Benedict XIV was compelled to intervene in the ecclesiastical and political disturbances. In the bull "Injuncta Nobis" of 6 July 1751, the patriarchate of Aquileia was completely suppressed, and in its place the Pope created two separate archdioceses, Udine and Goritza. The dioceses which had been suffragans of Aquileia and were under Venetian political control, Belluno among them, were assigned to the new archdiocese of Udine.

Post-Napoleonic reorganization
In 1818 the diocese of Belluno was again united with that of Feltre. The violent expansionist military policies of the French Revolutionary Republic had brought confusion and dislocation to the Po Valley. Following the redistribution of European territories at the Congress of Vienna, the Papacy faced the difficult task of restoring and restructuring the Church in various territories, according to the wishes of their rulers. Belluno and Venice were under the control of Austria, and therefore a Concordat had to be negotiated with the government of the Emperor Francis. One of the requirements of the Austrian government was the elimination of several metropolitanates and the suppression of a number of bishoprics which were no longer viable due to the bad climate (malaria and cholera) and the impoverishment of the dioceses due to migration and industrialization; it was expected that this would be done to the benefit of the Patriarchate of Venice.

Pope Pius VII, therefore, issued the bull "De Salute Dominici Gregis" on 1 May 1818, embodying the conclusions of arduous negotiations. The metropolitan archbishopric of Udine was abolished and its bishop made suffragan to Venice. The dioceses of Caprularum (Caorle) and Torcella were suppressed and their territories assigned to the Patriarchate of Venice; Belluno and Feltre were united under a single bishop, aeque personaliter, and assigned to Venice;  Padua and Verona became suffragans of Venice.

Chapters and cathedrals
The cathedral of Belluno is dedicated to S. Martin. It is staffed and administered (1847) by a Chapter composed of one dignity, the Dean, and ten Canons, assisted by several chaplains mansionarii and chaplains prebendary.

The co-cathedral at Feltre is dedicated to S. Peter. It had a Chapter which was composed of two dignities (the Dean and the Archdeacon) and twelve Canons. The co-cathedral functions as a parish, and therefore the Canon called the Sacristan has the responsibility of caring for the spiritual needs of the parishioners ("the cure of souls").

Diocesan synods

A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

Bishop Giovanni Battista Valier (1575–1596) presided over a diocesan synod in 1575. He was particularly concerned with liturgical laxness, and with teaching correct doctrine in face of Protestant infiltration from Germany; his predecessor had already introduced the Franciscans and the Inquisition to Belluno.

Bishop Giovanni Delfin (1626–1634) presided over a diocesan synod in the cathedral of Belluno on 27 and 28 April 1629, and had the constitutions of the synod published. On 25–27 October 1639, Bishop Giovanni Tommaso Malloni (1634–1649) held a synod for the diocese of Belluno, and published the decrees of the synod.

Bishop Gianfrancesco Bembo (1694–1720) presided over a diocesan synod on 9–11 July 1703, and published the decrees. BIshop Giacomo Costa (1747–1755) held a synod from 30 August to 1 September 1750.

On 2–4 July 1861, Bishop Giovanni Renier (1855–1871) held a synod for the dioceses of Belluno and Feltre in Belluno. Renier himself was a participant in the provincial council of Venice in 1863.

Bishop Pietro Brollo (1996-2001) presided over the first diocesan synod of the newly reconstituted diocese of Belluno-Feltre.

Reorganization

In a decree of the Second Vatican Council, it was recommended that dioceses be reorganized to take into account modern developments. A project begun on orders from Pope John XXIII, and continued under his successors, was intended  to reduce the number of dioceses in Italy and to rationalize their borders in terms of modern population changes and shortages of clergy. The change was made urgent because of changes made to the Concordat between the Italian State and the Holy See on 18 February 1984, and embodied in a law of 3 June 1985. The change was approved by Pope John Paul II in an audience of 27 September 1986, and by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops of the Papal Curia on 30 September 1986. The dioceses of Belluno and Feltre, which had up to that point shared a single bishop while retaining two diocesan structures, were united into a single diocese. Its name was to be Dioecesis Bellunensis-Feltrensis. The seat of the diocese was to be in Belluno. The former cathedral in Feltre was to have the honorary title of co-cathedral, and its Chapter was to be the Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one episcopal curia, one seminary, one ecclesiastical tribunal; and all the clergy were to be incardinated in the diocese of Belluno-Feltre.

Bishops

Diocese of Belluno

...
Laurentius (attested 589–591)
...
Odelbertus (attested 877)
...
Almo (Aimo) (attested 877–923)
...
Joannes (attested 963–998)
...
Lodovicus (attested 1015–1021)
Albuinus (attested 1027))
Hezemann (attested 1031–1046)
Marius (attested 1049)
Wolfram ( ? )
Reginaldus (attested 1080–1116)
...
Bonifacius (1139-1156)
Otto (1156-1183)
Gerardus de Taccoli (1184–1197)

Diocese of Belluno e Feltre
United: 1197 with Diocese of Feltre

Drudus de Camino (attested, as Bishop of Feltre, 1177–1200)
Anselmus de Braganze (d. 1204)
Torrentinus (1204–1209)
Philippus (1209–1224)
Oddo (1225–1235?)
Eleazar (attested 1235–1239)
Alexander de Foro (attested 1243–1246?)
Tiso (1247-1257)
Adalgerius (1257–1290?)
Jacobus Casali, O.Min. (1291–1298)
Alessandro Novello, O.Min. (1298–1320)
Manfredus Collalto (1320–1321)
Gregorius, O.P. (?) (1323–1326)
Gorzias (1327–1349)
Henricus de Waldeichke (1349–1354)
Jacobus de Brünn (1354–1370)
Antonius de Nastriis (1370–1392)
Alberto di S. Giorgio (1394–1398)
Giovanni Capo di Gallo (1398–1404)
Enrico Scarampi (9 Apr 1404 – 29 Sep 1440)
Thomas (Tomasini) (1440–1446)
Jacobus Zeno (1447–1460)
Francesco Legnamine (de Padua) (18 Apr 1460 – 11 Jan 1462)

Diocese of Belluno
Split: 1462 to reestablish Roman Catholic Diocese of Feltre

Ludovico Donato (Donà) (2 Apr 1462 –1465
Mosè Buffarello (5 Jan 1465 – 1471)
Pietro Barozzi (1471–1487)
Bernardo de' Rossi (1488–1499)
Bartolomeo Trevisan (1499–1509)
Galeso Nichesola (19 Sep 1509 – 2 Aug 1527)
Giovanni Battista Casale (18 Sep 1527 – Sep 1536)
Cardinal Gasparo Contarini (1536–1542)
Giulio Contarini (1542–1575)
Giovanni Battista Valier (1575–1596)
Luigi Lollino (1596–1625)
[ Panfilo Persico (1625 – 14 Dec 1625)]
Giovanni Delfino (1626–1634 Resigned)
Giovanni Tommaso Malloni, C.R.Som. (1634–1649)
Sede vacante (1649–1653)
Giulio Berlendi, C.R.Som. (1653–1694?)
Gianfrancesco Bembo, C.R.S. (1 Mar 1694 – 21 Jul 1720)
Valerio Rota (16 Sep 1720 – 8 Sep 1730)
Gaetano Zuanelli (11 Dec 1730 – 25 Jan 1736)
Domenico Nicola Condulmer (27 Feb 1736 – 14 Mar 1747)
Giacomo Costa, C.R. (29 May 1747 –1755)
Giovanni Battista Sandi (24 May 1756 – 12 Aug 1785)
Sebastiano Alcaini, C.R.S. (26 Sep 1785 –1803)

Diocese of Belluno e Feltre
United: 1 May 1818 with Roman Catholic Diocese of Feltre

Sede vacante (1803–1819)
Luigi Zuppani (23 Aug 1819 Confirmed – 26 Nov 1841 Died)
Antonio Gava (22 Jun 1843 Confirmed – 3 Nov 1852 Resigned)
Vincent Scarpa (7 Apr 1854 Confirmed – 5 May 1854 Died)
Giovanni Renier (17 Dec 1855 Confirmed – 12 Apr 1871 Died)
Salvatore Giovanni Battista Bolognesi, C.O. (27 Oct 1871 – 29 Jan 1899 Died)
Francesco Cherubin (19 Jun 1899 – 3 Jul 1910 Died)
Giuseppe Foschiani (3 Jul 1910 Succeeded – 5 Oct 1913 Died)
Giosuè Cattarossi (1913–1944)
Girolamo Bartolomeo Bortignon, O.F.M. Cap. (9 Sep 1945 –1949)
Gioacchino Muccin (19 May 1949 – 1 Sep 1975 Retired)
Maffeo Giovanni Ducoli (7 Oct 1975 – 2 Feb 1996 Retired)

Diocese of Belluno-Feltre
since 30 September 1986

Pietro Brollo (2 Jan 1996 –2000)
Vincenzo Savio, S.D.B. (9 Dec 2000 – 31 Mar 2004)
Giuseppe Andrich (29 May 2004 – 10 Feb 2016 Retired)
Renato Marangoni (10 Feb 2016 – )

See also
Roman Catholic Diocese of Feltre

Notes and references

Books

Episcopal lists

Studies

Argenta, Giuseppe (1981). I vescovi di Belluno dal 170 al 1204. Belluno: Campedel.
Argenta, G. (1986). I vescovi di Feltre e di Belluno dal 1204 al 1462. Belluno: Campedel 1986.

Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1923). Italia Pontificia Vol. VII:l Venetiae et Histria, Pars I: Provincia Aquileiensis. Berlin: Weidmann, pp. 212–304. (in Latin).
Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 905–906.
Schwartz, Gerhard (1907). Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 43–45; 52–53. (in German)

Belluno
Belluno


Gévezé (; ; Gallo: Jaebevae) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Gévezé are called Gévezéens in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Gennes-sur-Seiche (; ; Gallo: Genn) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Gennes-sur-Seiche are called Gennois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The Group 13 network (, Yiddish: דאָס דרײַצענטל) was a Jewish Nazi collaborationist organization in the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The rise and fall of the Group was likely a proxy for power struggles between various factions in the Nazi German military and bureaucracy, for their own financial benefit.

Background
The group was founded in December 1940 and led by Abraham Gancwajch, the former head of Hashomer Hatzair in Łódź. The Thirteen took its informal name from the address of its main office at 13 Leszno Street in Warsaw. Sanctioned by Sicherheitsdienst (SD), and also known as the Jewish Gestapo, the unit reported directly to the local Gestapo office.

Organizational structure
Group 13 had between 300 and 400 uniformed Jewish officers, distinguished by caps with green bands. Membership in the 13 required payment of several thousand zlotys, issued by the German Nazi-controlled bank. Although it was intended to curtail black market activity, the group actually extorted large sums of money through racketeering and blackmail. Its most important branch was the Office to Combat Usury and Profiteering. It also ran its own prison.

Group 13 vied for control of the Ghetto with the Judenrat, and infiltrated Jewish opposition within the Ghetto.

Dissolution
In July 1941, Group 13 lost its political status to the Judenrat, and the Office to Combat Usury and Profiteering was taken over by the Jupo police force. Subsequently, the remaining members of Group 13 centered on Gancwajch, and concentrated their efforts on setting up their own infirmary and ambulance service (the so-called Emergency Service, or the First Aid Station), which was created in May 1941. The organization's purpose was quickly subverted, and its resources were used predominantly for smuggling and contraband. They ran other illegitimate operations, such as a brothel at the Britannica Hotel, and had near-total control over horse-drawn carriages and all other transportation within the Ghetto.

In April 1942, many former Group 13 members were executed in Operation Reinhard. In mid-1941, shortly before the Office was closed, there was a split in the Group leadership, when Morris Kohn and Zelig Heller broke with Gancwajch and established their own organizations. Kohn and Heller ultimately outlasted the Group. Their demise only came during the mass deportations of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to the Nazi Treblinka extermination camp in the course of Grossaktion Warsaw in July 1942, during which German Nazis murdered approximately 2,000,000 Polish Jews.

Gancwajch and surviving members of the group later re-emerged posing as Jewish underground fighters, though in reality they were hunting for Poles in hiding or supporting other Nazi collaborationists. After closing the Jewish Gestapo, Gancwajch remained in Warsaw, outside the Ghetto, where he continued working for the Nazis. He was rumored to have died in 1943; a hypothesis about his post-war collaboration with the NKVD was never confirmed.

See also
 Żagiew
 Stella Kübler
 Chaim Rumkowski
 Rezső Kasztner
 Jacob Gens
 Ans van Dijk
 Moshe Merin
 Jewish Ghetto Police
 Judenrat
 Collaboration with the Axis Powers

References

Jewish collaboration with Nazi Germany
The Holocaust in Poland
Secret police
Warsaw Ghetto
Organizations established in 1940


Slobodan Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Јанковић; born 23 December 1946) is a retired Serbian football midfielder who played for SFR Yugoslavia.

See also
List of NK Maribor players

References
Profile on Serbian federation site
Just Sport Stats

1946 births
Living people
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Yugoslav men's footballers
Yugoslavia men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Yugoslav First League players
Ligue 1 players
NK Maribor players
Red Star Belgrade footballers
FK Sloga Kraljevo players
RC Lens players
NK Osijek players
Expatriate men's footballers in France


Alewife was a cache coherent multiprocessor developed in the early 1990s by a group led by Anant Agarwal at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was based on a network of up to 512 processing nodes, each of which used the Sparcle computer architecture, which was formed by modifying a Sun Microsystems SPARC CPU to include the APRIL techniques for fast context switches.

The Alewife project was one of two predecessors cited by the creators of the popular Beowulf cluster multiprocessor.

References

External links
MIT Alewife Project

Parallel computing
Cluster computing
SPARC microprocessor architecture


Ruta Leonesa Fútbol Sala was a futsal club based in León, city of the province of León in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

The club was founded in 1983 and her stadium is Estadio Palacio de los Deportes with capacity of 7,000 seaters.

Their main sponsor were Obras y Estructuras RAM.

In August 2010, the club was dissolved due to the economic limitations.

References

External links
Official Website

Sport in León, Spain
Futsal clubs in Castile and León
Futsal clubs established in 1983
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 2010
1983 establishments in Spain
2010 disestablishments in Spain


Giovanni Morandi (12 May 1777 – 23 November 1856) was an Italian organist and composer of the Romantic era.

Life
Morandi was born in Pergola (1777), and died in Senigallia (1856), Italy. He was the most-important Italian composer of organ music in the first half of the 19th century, and was an early mentor of Gioachino Rossini.

Works

Organ music

Sonate per gli organi moderni (I raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (II raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (III raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (IV raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (V raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (VI raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (VII raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (VIII raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (IX raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (X raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (XI raccolta)
Sonate per gli organi moderni (XII raccolta)
Gran Sinfonia con variazioni
Pastorale coll'imitazione del suono de' zampognari
Il santo Natale
6 Sonate
Pastorale
Nuova Pastorale
Sinfonia in pastorale pel SS. Natale
Raccolta di Sinfonie
Suonate per l'accompagnamento d'una Messa solenne
Marcia militare da eseguirsi nelle processioni
Rondo' con imitazione de' campanelli in Fa
Sinfonia per organo
Pastorale
Gran Raccolta di Sonate per organo di una difficoltà progressiva
2 marce
Due Marcie in onore di Pio IX
1ª Raccolta di Sonate libro I
1ª Raccolta di Sonate libro II
Raccolta di quattro Sonate
Raccolta 2ª di dodici Sonate di facile esecuzione. Fasc. 1
Raccolta 2ª di dodici Sonate di facile esecuzione. Fasc. 2
 Due marce
 Raccolta di Divertimenti e Marcie per Banda militare, eseguiti nelle feste popolari in varie città dello Stato Pontificio, ridotte dall’autore per Organo (o Pianoforte) di facilissima esecuzione

Sources

 Giuseppe Radole, Manuale di letteratura organistica. Dal Trecento al Duemila, Pizzicato, 2005.
 Giovanni Morandi, Opere per organo a 4 mani. Edizione critica e Catalogo delle opere a stampa per Organo, a cura di Gabriele Moroni, Bologna, UtOrpheus, 2005 ("Collezione Musicale Marchigiana", 3).
 Giovanni Morandi, Sonate per organo. Prima raccolta (1808), edizione critica a cura di Gabriele Moroni, Ebook, Società Editrice Dante Alighieri, 2012.

External links

 giovannimorandiorgano

1777 births
1856 deaths
19th-century classical composers
People from Pergola, Marche
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian Romantic composers
Composers for pipe organ
19th-century Italian male musicians


The Butterfly Murders   is a 1979 Hong Kong wuxia film directed by Tsui Hark. It has elements of history and a murder mystery. The film is not widely available on tape or DVD in the West (there is a German and a French DVD release), though there was a Hong Kong release.

Plot
Butterflies have apparently become a lethal weapon. Several rivals contend for a mysterious prize, using a variety of unusual weapons.

Cast
Lau Siu-ming as Scholar Fong
Michelle Yim as Green Shadow
Jojo Chan as Madam Shum
Chang Kuo-chu as Master Shum (he wears black knight armor that conceals his identity.)
 as Tien Lung clan leader
Ha Kwong-li as No. 10, Red Flag squad leader
Tsui Siu-ling as Chee
Eddy Ko as Kwok Lik
Tino Wong as Li Kim
Danny Chow as No. 3, White Flag squad leader
Lau Jun-fai as Mr Tsui

References

External links

The Butterfly Murders on Hong Kong Cinemagic

1979 films
Hong Kong New Wave films
Wuxia films
Films directed by Tsui Hark
Hong Kong martial arts films
1979 directorial debut films
1970s Hong Kong films