Veronika Bayer (born 4 June 1940, Stuttgart – d. 31 January 2008) was a German actress.

Filmography
 1959: Liebe, Luft und lauter Lügen
 1959: Melodie und Rhythmus
 1959:  Twelve Girls and One Man
 1960: Beloved Augustin
 1960: When the Heath Is in Bloom
 1963: Die Legende vom heiligen Trinker (TV film)
 1970: Triumph des Todes oder Das große Massakerspiel (TV film)
 1974: Macbeth (TV film)
 1977: Rückfälle (TV film)
 1979: 30 Liter Super (TV episode of Tatort)
 1993: Die Lok
 2002: Zwischen den Sternen
 2002: Der Narr und seine Frau heute Abend in Pancomedia (TV film)
 2005: Die letzte Saison
 2006: Die Österreichische Methode
 2007: Marie kann zaubern

External links

1940 births
2008 deaths
Actresses from Stuttgart
German film actresses
German television actresses
20th-century German actresses
21st-century German actresses


Christiane Legrand (21 August 1930 – 1 November 2011) was a French soprano.

Biography
Legrand was born in Paris. Her father Raymond Legrand was a conductor and composer renowned for hits such as Irma la douce, and her mother was Marcelle Ter-Mikaëlian (sister of conductor Jacques Hélian), who married Legrand in 1929. Her maternal grandfather was of Armenian descent and considered a member of the bourgeoisie. Legrand studied piano and classical music from the time she was four. Jazz critic and composer André Hodeir discovered her in 1957, and she became the lead singer in the most notable French jazz vocal groups of the 1960s, including Les Double Six.

Legrand was the original lead soprano of The Swingle Singers and was the vocalist who dubbed the part of Madame Emery in Les parapluies de Cherbourg, the music for which was composed by her brother Michel Legrand. She also sang the part of Judith in his Les demoiselles de Rochefort.  Her commercial recordings of music for the concert hall included a recording of Laborinthus II of Luciano Berio.

Legrand sang the lead role on the French Disney recording of the score to the film Mary Poppins (1964) and lent her talents to numerous other film projects.  Legrand was the featured soprano on the track "Fires (Which Burn Brightly)" on the 1973 Procol Harum album Grand Hotel.

Her niece Victoria Legrand is a member of the American indie pop group Beach House. Another niece, Eugénie Angot, is an equestrian.

Discography

Communications '72 (Verve, 1972) (with Stan Getz)
Le Brésil de Christiane Legrand (AMI Records, 1972)

References

External links
 Biography on comufra.com

 Les Swinger Singers J S Bach Partita No 2

1930 births
2011 deaths
French people of Armenian descent
Singers from Paris
20th-century French women singers
Les Double Six members
The Swingle Singers members


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album is an honor presented annually by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. According to the category description guide for the 2012 Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for vocal or instrumental alternative albums containing at least 51 percent newly recorded material. It is awarded to solo artists, duos or groups.

Mexican artists have received this award more than any other nationality, though it has also been presented to artists originating from Colombia, the United States, and Venezuela. The award was first given to Mexican group Café Tacuba for the album Cuatro Caminos at the 5th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony held in 2004. The category is shared as the most wins with Café Tacuba, Natalia Lafourcade, Julieta Venegas and Aterciopelados with two wins each. The Mexican band Kinky with four nominations is the band with most nominations without a win.

Winners and nominees

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year.
 The name of the performer and the nominated album.

References
General

Specific

External links
Official site of the Latin Grammy Awards

Awards established in 2004
Alternative Music Album


David Sean Ferriero (; born December 31, 1945) is an American librarian and library administrator, who served as the 10th Archivist of the United States. He previously served as the Director of the New York Public Library and as the University Librarian and Vice Provost for Library Affairs at Duke University. Prior to his Duke position, he worked for 31 years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology library. Ferriero was the first librarian to serve as Archivist of the United States.

Early life and education
Ferriero was born and raised in Beverly, Massachusetts, and graduated from Beverly High School. He earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in English literature from Northeastern University.

Ferriero's education was interrupted by service in the United States Navy during the Vietnam War. He served as a Navy hospital corpsman assigned to a Marine unit in Danang, Vietnam, and on a hospital ship, the USS Sanctuary, in Vietnamese waters.

Following his military service, he earned a Master of Science degree in library and information science from Simmons College.

Career

MIT Libraries
Ferriero worked at MIT Libraries for 31 years, including as associate director of public services.

Duke University Library
Ferriero was the Rita DiGiallonardo Holloway University Librarian and vice provost for library affairs at Duke University from 1996 through 2004. Ferriero was the first Duke university librarian to address the members of the university's Board of Trustees in person. He was actively involved in the evolution of North Carolina's Triangle Research Libraries Network (TRLN).

New York Public Library
Ferriero was the Andrew W. Mellon Director and Chief Executive of the Research Libraries at the New York Public Library (NYPL) from 2004. In 2007 his role expanded with additional responsibilities as director of New York Public Library's Branch Libraries. He was responsible for the management and operations of NYPL's research libraries since 2005 and the branch libraries since 2007. He presided over a major restructuring, which was accompanied by elimination of some positions and the creation of new ones. Ferriero argued that transformation was imperative as NYPL adapted to the profound cultural and societal developments affecting the future of libraries.

Ferriero prioritized staff recruitment, retention, training, development, and compensation. He also made it a point to try to visit the main reading room every day, assessing the varied needs of NYPL patrons.

Cataloging
Ferriero was the NYPL's Partner Representative in OCLC (Online Computer Library Center), which with its member libraries co-operatively produces and maintains WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog. During Ferriero's tenure, the library stopped using the unique "Billings classification system" for its reference books in the Rose Reading Room (main reading room) (the classification system is named for John Shaw Billings, the former NYPL librarian who devised and introduced it in the nineteenth century).

Google digitization partnership
The NYPL joined the Google Books Library Project during Ferriero's tenure. Google and major international libraries have agreed to making collections of public domain books available for scanning to be offered to the public online, without charge.

National Archives and Records Administration

On July 28, 2009, President Obama nominated Ferriero to be 10th Archivist of the United States.

An early October confirmation hearing was scheduled by a subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. According to the subcommittee chairman, Senator Thomas Carper of Delaware, Ferriero's quick confirmation by the Senate was never in doubt.

Ferriero used the public occasion to express his view that the National Archives was at a "defining moment with regard to our existing electronic records, social media communications, and emerging technologies being used throughout government offices." He also noted "issues of collection security, the future of the Presidential Library system, backlogs in processing, staff job satisfaction, stakeholder relationships, preservation and storage needs."

He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on November 6, 2009; he was sworn into his new office on November 13, 2009.

President Obama appointed Ferriero to simultaneously head the new National Declassification Center, which had "been given four years to go through 400 million pages of federal documents that remain top secret. They date to World War I."

On January 13, 2022, Ferriero announced he would retire effective mid-April 2022 after a twelve-year tenure as Archivist of the United States. He urged President Biden to "not hire another white male" to replace him, and said that he chose to retire at that point so that Biden could be the one to name his replacement. Ferriero's retirement was effective on April 30, 2022, and Deputy Archivist Debra Steidel Wall took over as acting Archivist of the United States.

Relationship with Wikipedia
As part of his tenure at the National Archives, Ferriero took an active interest in working with Wikipedia, of which he has called himself "a huge fan." When questioned about the National Archives' engagement with Wikipedia, his response was that "the Archives is involved with Wikipedia because that's where the people are." Under Ferriero's aegis, the National Archives worked with the Wikimedia Foundation since 2009, having had a Wikipedian in Residence and uploaded thousands of images to Wikimedia Commons. He quoted a blogger in saying: "If Wikipedia is good enough for the Archivist of the United States, maybe it should be good enough for you."

Censorship of archival imagery
In January 2020, Ferriero supported the Archives' decision to censor a photograph containing signs critical of President Trump and references to women's anatomy in an exhibit devoted to the centennial of women's suffrage in the United States. The Washington Post reported that Ferriero "participated in talks regarding the exhibit and supports the decision to edit the photo." The alteration of the image was immediately criticized by historians, with Douglas Brinkley saying "to confuse the public is reprehensible. The head of the Archives has to very quickly fix this damage." Subsequently, the National Archives issued an apology for the decision and promised to restore the original image and review its exhibit policies.

Personal life
Ferriero married Gail Zimmermann, the daughter of MIT Professor Emeritus Henry Zimmermann. Her career in broadcasting has led to her position as Associate General Manager of PBS North Carolina in Durham, North Carolina. Before moving to North Carolina, she worked with WGBH-TV in Boston.

Affiliations
 PLUS Coalition (Picture Licensing Universal System), Board of Directors.
 Association of Research Libraries (ARL).
 Council on Library and Information Resources/Association of American Publishers, Joint Working Group on Scholarly Communication.
 Early English Books Online (EEBO), editorial advisory board.
 Center for Research Libraries.
 Research Libraries Group.
 Research Collections and Preservation Consortium (ReCAP), Board of Directors

References

Further reading
 Kovaleski, Serge F.  "New York Library Officials’ Pay? Shhh." The New York Times. November 19, 2006.
 Riding, Alan.  "France Detects a Cultural Threat in Google" The New York Times. April 11, 2005.
 US Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Governmental Affairs subcommittee hearing, October 1, 2009: Nomination of David S. Ferriero to be Archivist of the United States National Archives and Records Administration

External links

 AOTUS: Collector in Chief, David Ferriero's Blog as Archivist of the United States
 Biography of David Ferriero, by the National Archives and Records Administration
 State of the Archives address, by David S. Ferriero
 "Meet the new Archivist of the United States", video by The Washington Post
 Victim Impact Statement, re: theft of NYPL maps, 2006.

1945 births
Living people
Academic librarians
American archivists
American librarians
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
American people of Italian descent
Duke University faculty
New York Public Library people
Northeastern University alumni
People from Beverly, Massachusetts
Simmons University alumni
United States Navy sailors
American Wikimedians
Obama administration personnel
Trump administration personnel
Biden administration personnel
Beverly High School alumni


This is a list of national airlines currently operating in Turkey.

Scheduled airlines

Charter airlines

Cargo airlines

See also
 List of airlines
 List of defunct airlines of Turkey
 List of airports in Turkey

Turkey
Airlines
Airlines
Turkey
Turkey


Sebastian Albert Freiherr von Sack (1757 – August 1829) was a German explorer and a chamberlain of Prussian nobility. In June 1821 he was honored with the title of Graf (count).

He was born in Eichholz,  Liegnitz, Silesia. In 1805 he travelled to Surinam, where he made observations of the fauna, flora and local customs of the population. On his return journey back to Europe, he visited Washington DC, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, et al. As a result of his travels he published Beschreibung einer Reise nach Surinam und des Aufenthaltes daselbst in den Jahren 1805, 1806, 1807 sowie von Rückkehr des Verfassers nach Europa über Nord-Amerika. In 1810 this treatise was translated into English as "A narrative of a voyage to Surinam; of a residence there during 1805-1807; and of the authors return to Europe by the way of North America".

In 1817 Baron von Sack undertook a scientific mission to Egypt and the Middle East with poet Wilhelm Müller (1794–1827), and in 1820, on an expedition with Austrian consul Georg Christian Gropius (1781–1854), he procured the "Fragment from the tomb of Nikarete" in Athens. This antiquity is now housed in the Antikensammlung in Berlin.

In 1824 he accompanied William Bullock (1773–1849) and Ferdinand Deppe (1794–1861) to Mexico in order to collect natural history specimens for the Berlin Museum. He died in Berlin.

A species of Mexican lizard, Aspidoscelis sackii, is named in his honor.

Notes and references

External links
 The Quarterly Review, A Narrative of a Voyage to Surinam, etc.

Sources
 Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.

German explorers
Counts in Germany
1757 births
1820 deaths
People from Prussian Silesia


Luis Enrique Trujillo Ortiz (born December 27, 1990) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a left back or winger for Cienciano in the Torneo Descentralizado.

Club career

Alianza Lima
Trujillo made his Torneo Descentralizado league debut for Alianza Lima in the last game of the 2007 season on December 16, 2007, at the age of 16. In his debut match, he started from the beginning and scored two goals to help Alianza win 6–0 at home against Deportivo Municipal.

On February 24, 2011, he was declared a free player since Alianza Lima did not pay his salary for three months.

Juan Aurich
On February 27, 2012, Trujillo joined Chiclayo-based club Juan Aurich for the start of the 2012 season. He joined as a free player and signed a two-year contract with the 2011 Descentralizado champions.

International career
Trujillo played for the Peru national football team at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in the Republic of Korea, and has moved up to play for the senior side in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying rounds.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
People from Talara
Peruvian men's footballers
Peru men's international footballers
Club Alianza Lima footballers
Juan Aurich footballers
Sport Huancayo footballers
Ayacucho FC footballers
Cienciano footballers
Peruvian Primera División players
Men's association football fullbacks
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football utility players


This is a list of airlines currently operating in Cambodia.

Scheduled airlines

See also
 List of defunct airlines of Cambodia
 List of airports in Cambodia
 List of airlines

References

Cambodia
Airlines
Airlines
Cambodia


The 2005 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2004–05 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Palavela in Turin, Italy from 25 January through 30, 2005.

The Turin event was the official site-testing competition, or test event, for the 2006 Winter Olympics, which would be held in the same arena. It was the first European Championship to use the IJS which replaced the 6.0 system.

The compulsory dance was the Golden Waltz.

Qualifying
The competition was open to skaters from European ISU member nations who had reached the age of 15 before 1 July 2004. The corresponding competition for non-European skaters was the 2005 Four Continents Championships. National associations selected their entries based on their own criteria. Based on the results of the 2004 European Championships, each country was allowed between one and three entries per discipline.

Medals table

Competition notes
Evgeni Plushenko won his fourth European title, Irina Slutskaya her sixth, Tatiana Totmianina / Maxim Marinin their fourth, and Tatiana Navka / Roman Kostomarov their second. Susanna Pöykiö (silver) became the first Finn to medal in ladies' singles at the European Championships.

Results

Men

Ladies

Pairs
Totmianina / Marinin defended their European title three months after the 2004 Skate America accident.

Ice dancing

References

External links

European Figure Skating Championships, 2005
European Figure Skating Championships, 2005
European Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by Italy
Sports competitions in Turin
European Figure Skating Championships, 2005
European Figure Skating Championships


Book trimming is the stage of the book production process in which the page edges of a book are trimmed so that all pages will stack with perfect edge alignment within the finished book jacket.

The step before book trimming is the binding of the folded printing sheets. Trimming is performed either with a hydraulic book trimmer that is able to cut a whole book in one or two passes or, until the invention of hydraulic book trimmers, with a cutting press (or lying press) and plough.

Cutting principles

Knife cut principle
The book-cutting machine works with three knives and uses the knife-cut principle. The knife-cut principle operates with only one knife per edge which cuts against a rubber surface. This surface supports the cut force. The three-knife-trim is performed in one step. The block is aligned and fixed by the pressure bar. The three knives cut all edges except the spine; new machines need only one step.

Shear cut principle
The shear cut principle works with two knives – upper and bottom knife. The bottom knife is fixed and the upper knife works against the fixed one. Example of the shear cut principle is the cut of the paper web in the web offset machine and this is realized by a circular blade. To cut simple brochures (booklets) is used by a trimmer which works in two steps.

Burst cut
The third principle is the burst cut. This knife does not need a counter-acting tool. The required cut force is generated by the clamping force of the clamped paper.

See also
Book publishing
Bookbinding
Bleed (printing)

References

Print production
Book arts


Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda is a 1973 book by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, with a preface by Richard A. Falk. It offers a critique of United States foreign policy in Indochina.

Contents
Chomsky and Herman offer a critique of United States foreign policy in Indochina, with significant focus on the Vietnam War. They include sections on the My Lai Massacre, Operation Speedy Express, and the Phoenix Program.

Chomsky and Herman introduced a framework in Counter-Revolutionary Violence (CRV) that became a hallmark of their work, which classified bloodbaths (and terrorist activities) in these categories of Washington, D.C., and the media's regard:

 Benign: East Pakistan in 1971, Burundi in 1972;
 Constructive: Indonesia in 1965–1966; France in Vietnam, 1950s; Diem regime in Vietnam, 1950s; the United States in Vietnam, 1960s; the United States in the Philippines, periodically from 1898 to when CRV was printed in 1973; the United States in Cambodia from the Lon Nol coup in 1970 to when CRV was printed in 1973;
 Nefarious: Vietnamese revolutionary, 1950s and 1960s;
 Mythical: North Vietnamese land reform in the 1950s; North Vietnamese in Huế in 1968.

Chomsky and Herman argued that the American treatment of bloodbaths was related to their political utility, regardless of the objective facts of such murders.  Benign bloodbaths were those in which the United States' political establishment had little strategic interest and were often committed by friendly nations (and the United States regularly supplied the regimes committing the murders), constructive bloodbaths had strongly favorable results for American (primarily corporate) interests, nefarious bloodbaths were conducted by official enemies, and mythical bloodbaths either never happened or were minor events inflated into legendary status by government and media exaggeration.

Publishing history
The work was published by Warner Modular Publications, a subsidiary of Warner Communications in 1973. The head of Warner Publishing wanted to stop the publication of the book, and Warner Modular was shut down as a result.

Warner Modular initially agreed to print 20,000 copies of the book. Warner Modular's publisher, Claude McCaleb, had spent his career publishing books for universities, and CRV was planned as part of a series of works that studied American institutions, which McCaleb believed would be timely after the Watergate scandal.  Warner Modular had prepared ads to run in various periodicals that promoted CRV, in anticipation of an upcoming convention of the American Sociological Association in New York City.  According to McCaleb, in an affidavit to Chomsky and Herman quoted in Ben Bagdikian's The Media Monopoly, on August 27, 1973, the chief of book operations at Warner Communications, William Sarnoff, nephew of David Sarnoff, saw the ads come across his desk and called McCaleb's office in Andover, Massachusetts and Sarnoff asked if CRV would be another Pentagon Papers that would embarrass Warner.  McCaleb replied that it was not a document leak, but was an analysis of public material by two established academics. Two hours later, Sarnoff called again and asked McCaleb to fly that night and bring an advance copy of the book to his office in New York City. In the morning McCaleb dropped off the book at Sarnoff's office and then went to the booth at the American Sociological Association's conference, awaiting the advance copies of CRV that were just coming off of the presses. Within a few hours, Sarnoff asked McCaleb to come back to his office. McCaleb is quoted as saying:

Sarnoff immediately launched into a violent verbal attack on me for having published CRV saying, among other things, that it was a pack of lies, a scurrilous attack on respected Americans, undocumented, a publication unworthy of a serious publisher.

McCaleb reminded Sarnoff of the arrangement that they had when McCaleb was hired: he and his staff were given discretion to select what to publish, and that their sales levels would measure their success.  Sarnoff dismissed McCaleb's argument by stating that the arrangement did not cover works that were "worthless and full of lies."  Sarnoff complained that too many of Warner Modular's works were written by left-wing writers.  McCaleb replied that conservative writers were also represented, and that Warner Modular had planned to publish works by Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek.

Sarnoff then canceled the ads for CRV, ordered the destruction of the first printing of CRV, as well as the Warner Modular catalog that listed them, and announced that he would not release one copy of CRV to anybody.  When McCaleb replied that such an outrageous move would shatter Warner Modular's staff and shock the publishing world, Sarnoff replied that he did not "give a damn what I, my staff, the authors, or the academic community thought and ended by saying that we should destroy the entire inventory of CRV".

Warner Publishing decided to shut down Warner Modular before CRV could be published.  The print run was not initially destroyed because of contractual obligations, but the book was passed on to MSS Information Corporation for promotion and distribution after Warner Publishing shut down Warner Modular.  However, MSS engaged in no promotion, as it was not a commercial publishing company and had no distribution facilities.  Only 500 copies of the 20,000-copy printing survived.  Radical America obtained and distributed some copies, because its staff already knew of CRV's existence.  According to Chomsky, the rest were "pulped," not burned.  Despite its suppression in the United States, it was translated into several European languages, had two printings in France by the time that The Washington Connection was printed, and CRV's suppression became a "minor cause celebre" in France.

The work is the foundation of the authors' much expanded two-volume The Political Economy of Human Rights, published in 1979.

See also
 Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media

References

External links

 The full text, at Chomsky.info

1973 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Books about foreign relations of the United States
Books about media bias
Books about politics of the United States
Books about propaganda
Books about terrorism
Vietnam War books
Books by Edward S. Herman
Books by Noam Chomsky
Collaborative non-fiction books
Book censorship in the United States


Liourdis () is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ioannis Liourdis (1800–1899), Greek politician
Giannis Liourdis (born 1979), Greek footballer and coach

Greek-language surnames


Carl C. Taylor is an American softball coach, that is the Volunteer Assistant Coach at  Fairleigh Dickinson. He was the head coach of Drexel until June of 2021. He was the first coach in Rutgers University history to win a national championship when he led the 2006 Rutgers-Camden Softball team to national championship victory in Raleigh, North Carolina, defeating the reigning National Champions, University of St. Thomas.

Biography
After the  2007 season Taylor retired after 12 years as Rutgers-Camden's head softball coach. He was also drafted in the third round of the Major League Baseball draft in 1979 by the Pittsburgh Pirates, but did not play in a Major League game. In January 1981 he was signed by the Dodgers.

Coaching career

Drexel
On June 22, 2015, Taylor was announced as the new head coach of the Drexel softball program.

Head coaching record

College

References

Living people
Rutgers University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)


Ioannis Liourdis (Greek: Ιωάννης Λιούρδης, ca. 1800 in Pyrgos - 1899) was a Greek politician.

He was born in Pyrgos around 1800 and descended from an old family of Pyrgos which had Frankish roots. He was politician and lived in Athens.  He participated in the large farmers' protests against taxes in 1894. The city of Pyrgos honoured him by naming a street after him.  He died in 1899 and is buried in the First Cemetery of Athens.

References
Davos, Vyronas, Ston Pyrgo kai stin Ileia tou 1821-1830 (Στον Πύργο και στην Ηλεία του 1821-1930 = In Pyrgos And In Ilia In 1821-1830), Athens 1996
Davos, Vyronas Ta stafidika tis Ileias (1827-1997) (Τα σταφιδικά της Ηλείας (1827-1997) = The Vineyards Of Ilia (1827-1997)), Athens 19896

1800 births
1899 deaths
People from Pyrgos, Elis
Politicians from Elis
Year of birth uncertain


Olivia America Davidson Washington (June 11, 1854 – May 9, 1889) was an American teacher and educator.

She was born free as Olivia America Davidson in Virginia. After her family moved to the free state of Ohio, she studied in common schools and later college.

Davidson was hired by Booker T. Washington as a teacher and assistant principal of the Tuskegee Institute from 1881. In this role she also did fundraising and gave public speeches, especially about the education of black women. In 1885 she married Washington, the principal and a widower. She was his second wife; they had two sons together and reared his daughter by his first marriage. Olivia Washington died four years later of tuberculosis.

Early life and education
Olivia America Davidson was born free on June 11, 1854, in Mercer County, Virginia, now Mercer County, West Virginia. Her mother was a free woman of color and her father, Elias Davidson, had been freed from slavery. He worked in agriculture. Under the laws of slavery, children took the status of their mother. Olivia had at least two sisters and a brother; all were born free. When Olivia was still a child, her family left western Virginia because of its discriminatory treatment of free blacks.

They moved to Ironton, Ohio, as it was a free state. Some time after her father died, the family moved to Albany, Ohio. Davidson continued to study at common schools. By 1870, she was living with her sister Mary and brother-in-law Noah Elliot in Gallipolis. Her sister, a dressmaker and milliner, relocated with her husband several times before they settled in the larger city of  Columbus, Ohio.

Education career
In 1870, at the age of 16, Davidson began teaching in towns in Ohio, Mississippi, and Arkansas. In 1874, she became a sixth-grade teacher in the new Clay Street School in Memphis, Tennessee (now operated as the Booker T. Washington High School). Her sister Margaret was also a teacher here, and their brother Joseph also lived and worked in the city. Her principal instituted changes recommended by Davidson. While Olivia was in Memphis, her sister Margaret died. In 1878 their brother Joseph was murdered by the Ku Klux Klan, at a time of violence to suppress black voting. Davidson returned to Ohio shortly thereafter.

That year she enrolled as a senior at the Hampton Institute, now Hampton University, in Virginia. She did so well that she was one of the graduation speakers on May 22, 1879. From there, she attended the State Normal School at Framingham, Massachusetts (now Framingham State University), where she studied further to get a teaching degree. Davidson graduated on June 29, 1881, as one of six honor students.

After graduating with a degree in teaching, she taught in the Worcester Public Schools. The city's wealthy elite protested her appointment, and the school committee rescinded it.

Davidson returned to Hampton to recover from a serious illness. She also began teaching a group of Native American men who had been enrolled there as students after being released as prisoners of war from a United States fort in Florida. They were warriors from Plains Tribes who had been captured in the Indian Wars.

Booker T. Washington, the postgraduate speaker at Hampton, contacted Davidson, asking her to help him develop the new Tuskegee Institute. After recovering from her illness, she joined him on August 25, 1881, as a teacher and vice principal. She threw herself into the work despite her precarious health, becoming Washington's partner in building Tuskegee. His first wife, Fannie N. Smith, died in 1884.

On August 11, 1886, in Athens, Ohio, Davidson and Washington married. She served as stepmother to young Portia Washington, the child of Booker T.'s first marriage.

In 1886, Olivia Davidson Washington addressed the Alabama State Teachers' Association on the topic of "How Shall We Make the Women of Our Race Stronger?," advocating that teachers strive to reach black girls as the "hope of the race." During her time at Tuskegee, she also helped raise funds for the school, both locally and through her contacts in the North.

Her first son, Booker T., Jr., was born on May 29, 1887. Their second son, Ernest Davidson Washington, was born February 6, 1889. Two days later, the Washingtons' house at Tuskegee burned down. Olivia Washington suffered exposure to the early morning cold and likely already had contracted tuberculosis (TB). Her health deteriorated and she died three months later of laryngeal TB on May 9, 1889, at Massachusetts General Hospital.

References

Sources
"Olivia Davidson Washington," Notable Black American Women, Book 1. Gale Research, 1992.
Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2008.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC Document Number: K1623000473

1854 births
1889 deaths
19th-century American educators
Tuberculosis deaths in Massachusetts
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
People from Gallipolis, Ohio
African-American educators
African-American women educators
People from Mercer County, West Virginia
Theodore Roosevelt
Booker T. Washington
Educators from West Virginia
Educators from Ohio
People from Albany, Ohio
People from Gallia County, Ohio
19th-century American women educators


The Shoe Shop–Doucette Ten Footer is a historic wooden building at 36 William Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts, in the United States. On April, 1984, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.  The building sits at the back of the Stoneham Historical Society premises.

A ten footer was a small backyard shop structure built in the 18th and 19th centuries in New England to serve as a shoemaker's shop. The name came from the fact that it was usually  by  in area. The ten footers were forerunners of the large shoe factories that developed in New England later in the 19th century.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Stoneham, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts

References

Sources
 Hunter, Ethel A., The Ten-Footers of New England in Parks, Roger, editor, The New England Galaxy: The best of 20 years from Old Sturbridge Village, Chester Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, 1980, pp. 134–139,

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Stoneham, Massachusetts
Shoemaking
Retail buildings in Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Stoneham, Massachusetts


The Buzăiel (also: Buzoel, Buzăul Mic) is a right tributary of the river Buzău in Romania that discharges into the Buzău near Vama Buzăului. It is  long and its basin is .

References

Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Brașov County


Vasa Order of America () is a Swedish-American fraternal, cultural and educational organization.
The organization seeks to benefit its members by sharing Swedish and Scandinavian culture and heritage.

Philosophy
The objects and purposes of this Fraternal Organization are to promote and share Swedish Heritage through cultural events and fellowship. In doing so, they hope to promote social and intellectual interaction among members.

History

Vasa Order of America
Vasa Order of America was established in 1896 in New Haven, Connecticut at the height of Swedish immigration to the United States as a Swedish-American fraternal order. Vasa Order of America emerged from the many Swedish societies that existed as a safety net for early immigrants. Named for the House of Vasa, the historic Royal House of Sweden, it has been noted as one of the largest Swedish-American ethnic or cultural organizations

Vasa National Archives
Located in Bishop Hill, Illinois, for forty years, the Vasa National Archives houses documents of lodges and some artifacts. The purpose as described in the incorporation document is for "Educational, historical and research to preserve and display and make available records, documents, works of art, science, inventions and manufacture by persons of Swedish ancestry and to promote public knowledge of an interest in the history of persons of Scandinavian and particularly Swedish ancestry." The main purpose is to preserve the records of the Vasa Order of America and its members.
 The Vasa National Archives is a 501(c)3 and its parent organization the Vasa Order of America is a 501(c)8.
 The Vasa National Archives term of office is four years.
 The Vasa National Archives president position is held by the outgoing grand lodge grand master (ending a grand lodge four-year term).

Vasa Star
The official publication of the Vasa Order of America is the Vasa Star (Swedish: Vasastjärnan) and as of fall 2013 the publication is included with Nordstjernan a Swedish American publication. Prior to this change, this was a stand-alone publication being produced several times annually.

Organization

The Vasa Order comprises the Grand Lodge, 18 District Lodges, and nearly 200 local lodges. Local lodges in the United States, Canada, and Sweden offer cultural, language, and scholarship programs. The organization owns and operates the Vasa National Archives at Bishop Hill, Illinois, and administers an Old Age Benefit Fund (OAB) for members.

The organization is led by a Grand Master, Vice Grand Master, Grand Secretary, Grand Treasurer and Executive Board Members for the Eastern Region, Midwest Region, Western Region, Canada and Sweden. The Grand Lodge oversees the Grand Lodge Deputies and other Grand Lodge committees. The term of office is four years and the exiting Grand Master assumes the role of president for the Vasa National Archives for a four-year term. The Grand Lodge Convention and Annual Meeting are held once every four years and the Grand Lodge Board meetings are held at their discretion.

The organization maintains and runs the Vasa National Archives whose sole purpose is to preserve the records of the Vasa Order of America and its members.
 The Vasa Order of America and its subordinate lodges are a 501(c)8.
 The Vasa National Archives is a subsidiary organization and is a 501(c)3.
 The Vasa National Archives is supported through the Vasa Order of America members' assessments.

Ritual
The society has had a ritual since its founding. It has been revised several times, for instance in 1915 and 1923. The Order also works three degree which correspond to the Local, District and Grand Lodge levels of the organization.

Grand Lodge
The Grand Lodge officers oversee the organization and its operation.

District Lodges
The District Lodges oversee the Local Lodges and provide leadership and support. The District Lodges hold a convention or annual meeting each year or on designated years. District Lodges can be found on the web site or listed below.

District Lodges Territory
 1-Connecticut
 2-Massachusetts
 3-Rhode Island
 4-New York
 6-New Jersey
 7-Minnesota
 8-Lake Michigan
 9-Pennsylvania
 10-Superior
 12-Golden Gate – San Francisco, CA
 13-Pacific Northwest
 15-Pacific Southwest No. 15 – Southern California (https://www.vasadl15.org)
 17-Iowa-Nebraska
 19-Vasa Orden av Amerika - Sweden
 20-Vasa Orden av Amerika - Sweden
 21-Arizona

Region Districts
Under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, the lodges in these Region Districts are provided the support and leadership through the Grand Lodge.
 Central Region
 248-Facklan - Lee's Summit, MO
 259-Strindberg - Winnipeg, Canada
 716-Carl XVI Gustaf - Dallas, Texas
 743-Carl Widen - Austin, TX
Southeastern Region
 708-Nordic - Alpharetta, GA
 739-Carl Larsson - Raleigh, NC

'Local Lodge'

Each of the local lodges are managed and maintained at the local level with promoting and maintaining membership, providing enrichment activities, events, programs, outreach and scholarships. Some local lodges network with various Swedish and Scandinavian organizations bringing the organization to a different level of professionalism, business associations and friendship and interact with the social media. Lodges may offer their own education scholarships and health and benefit funds.

 Membership
Membership requirements have changed over the years. Originally open to men age 15–50. In 1923 membership was open to men and women of good health who could speak Swedish or had Swedish ancestry. Today membership is open to all people born in a Nordic country, of Nordic ancestry, spouses and widows of Vasa members and anyone else who is "committed to the promotion and advancement of Swedish and Nordic heritage and culture."

Membership in the Vasa Order was at its height in 1929, when the organization had 72,261 members. It has declined since, with 35,000 members in 1979 and the same number in 1994.

Membership Levels
 Active – Local Lod
 Member-At-Large – District Lodge
 Member-At-Large – Grand Lodge

Benefits

Old age benefit
The Old Age Benefit Fund (OAB) is for active members, and maintained through the Grand Lodge.

Hospital benefit
Provided though some of the local lodges, and maintained through the Local Lodge or District Lodge.

Scholarships
Scholarship opportunities are available at the different levels of the organization and you will find scholarship opportunities for higher education, Foreign Exchange (Sweden only), Language camps, Swedish camps and Elder camps. The scholarships offered can be found at the Vasa Order of America website and the District Lodges and Local Lodges. The main qualification for applicants before applying for the scholarship is to be a member for two years at the Grand Lodge level and can be different at the District and Local Lodge levels.
 Grand Lodge: Higher education, language camp
 District Lodge: Higher education, language camp – varies by District
 Local Lodge: varies by lodge

Vasa Star
Included with membership are four issues of the Vasa Star which is included within the Nordstjernan publication. A reduced subscription rate is available for Vasa members to subscribe to all issues of Nordstjernan.

Vasa National Archives
With each Vasa Order membership, the member is automatically a member of the Vasa National Archives located in Bishop Hill, IL.

Social media
The Grand Lodge has several social media pages as well as the Districts and Local Lodges. You are invited to visit their pages and engage with them.

Facebook Pages
Many lodges have their own Facebook page

Programs, clubs and groups

Swedish-American of the Year
Since 1960, The Vasa Order of America has selected a prominent American citizen of Swedish birth or descent to become Swedish-American of the Year. Every year the two Sweden District Lodges of the Vasa Order of America select an American of Swedish descent to be The Swedish-American of the Year. The Swedish-American of the Year is honored during Sweden-America Days in various places in Sweden. A tablet containing the names of all award recipients is kept in the Swedish Emigrant Institute (Swedish: Svenska Emigrantinstitutet)  in Växjö, Småland, Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vasaorden.se/en/index.htm |title=The Swedish-American of the year (Information about the Vasa Order of America) |access-date=2010-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922164321/http://www.vasaorden.se/en/index.htm |archive-date=2008-09-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Clubs and Groups
 Activity Clubs
 Children's Clubs
 Folk Dance Club
 Genealogy Club
 Past District Master Club
 Vasa Choir
 Youth Club

See also
 Fraternity
 Fraternal Benefit Society
 Friendly Society
 Service club
 Social club

References

Further reading
 Anderson, Philip J.; Dag Blanck Swedes in the Twin Cities:Immigrant Life and Minnesota's Urban Frontier (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2001)

External links
 Vasa Order of America Official Website
 Vasa Order of America History
 Vasa Star
 Vasa Orden av America on Facebook

Swedish migration to North America
Swedish-American culture
Ethnic fraternal orders in the United States
Organizations established in 1896


This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as approved on 25 July 1960 by Pope John XXIII's motu proprio Rubricarum instructum and promulgated by the Sacred Congregation of Rites the following day, 26 July 1960, by the decree Novum rubricarum. This 1960 calendar was incorporated into the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, continued use of which Pope Benedict XVI authorized in the circumstances indicated in his 7 July 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum for use as an Traditional Roman Mass.

Novum rubricarum replaced the former classifications of Doubles, Semidoubles, and Simples with I, II, and III class feasts and commemorations. It removed a few feasts, in particular duplications such as the Feast of the Cross (3 May and 14 September), the Chair of Peter (18 January and 22 February), Saint Peter (1 August and 29 June), Saint John the Evangelist (6 May and 27 December), Saint Michael (8 May and 29 September), and Saint Stephen (3 August and 26 December).

This calendar is distinct from the General Roman Calendar of 1954 in that it also incorporates the changes made by Pope Pius XII in 1955, which included the reduction of octaves to three only, those of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost. See General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII.

Changes to the Calendar

New ranking system
Novum rubricarum abolished the traditional ranking of Sundays, ferias, and feast days as doubles (of varying degrees) and simples—the rank of semidouble having already been suppressed by Pius XII in 1955—and introduced a new system of ranking the various liturgical days of the Roman rite. Feasts previously ranked as doubles of the I class were reclassified as feasts of the I class. Feasts previously ranked as doubles of the II class were reclassified as feasts of the II class. Feasts ranked in 1954 as greater doubles, doubles, and semidoubles were reclassified as feasts of the III class. Feasts that had formerly been ranked as simples and had been reduced to commemorations in Pius XII's 1955 revision of the calendar remained commemorations.

The Sundays of Advent, Lent, and Passiontide, and Low Sunday were classified as Sundays of the I class. All other Sundays of the year—excluding those perpetually impeded by feasts of the I class—became Sundays of the II class.

Ash Wednesday, the ferias of Holy Week, the Paschal Triduum, and the days within the octaves of Easter and Pentecost (including the Ember Days of Pentecost) were classified as ferias of the I class. The ferias of Advent from 17 to 23 December inclusive, the days within the octave of Christmas not impeded by the feasts of saints (29–31 December inclusive), as well as the Ember Days of Advent, Lent, and September were ranked as ferias of the II class. The ferias of Advent, excluding 17–23 December, were ranked as ferias of the III class, as were the ferias of Lent and Passiontide. In addition, the ferias of Lent and Passiontide were given precedence over all feasts of the III class, with III-class feasts reduced to commemorations in years in which they fell during Lent or Passiontide. The remaining ferias of the year were classified ferias of the IV class.

The following feasts were reduced to commemorations:
 the previous greater doubles of
 Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel (16 July)
 Our Lady of Ransom (24 September)
 The Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Friday after the I Sunday in Passiontide)
 the previous doubles of
 The Impression of the Sacred Stigmata of St. Francis Confessor (17 September)
 Ss. Eustace and Companions Martyrs (20 September)
 St. Thomas [of Canterbury] Bishop and Martyr (29 December)
 St. Sylvester I Pope and Confessor (31 December)
 the previous simples (up to 1955, semidoubles) of
 St. George Martyr (23 April)
 St. Alexius Confessor (17 July)
 Ss. Cyriacus, Largus, and Smaragdus Martyrs (8 August)

The following days of the II class became liturgical days of the I class:
 Octave Day of the Nativity of the Lord (1 January)
 The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (2 November or 3 November if 2 November falls on Sunday)

The following greater doubles became liturgical days of the II class:
 The Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph (I Sunday after Epiphany)
 The Chair of Saint Peter (22 February)
 The Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 September)

Deletions and additions to the calendar
The following feasts were deleted from the calendar:
 doubles of the II class
 The Finding of the Holy Cross (3 May; considered a duplication of the 14 September feast of the Cross)
 greater doubles
 The Chair of Saint Peter Apostle at Rome (18 January; merged with the 22 February feast of St. Peter's Chair at Antioch)
 St. John Apostle and Evangelist Before the Latin Gate (6 May; considered a duplication of the 27 December feast of St. John)
 The Apparition of St. Michael Archangel (8 May; considered a duplication of the 29 September feast of the Dedication of St. Michael)
 St. Peter Apostle in Chains (1 August; considered a duplication of the 29 June feast of Ss. Peter and Paul)
 simples (up to 1955, semidoubles)
 St. Leo II Pope and Confessor (3 July; removed as a result of the transfer of St. Irenaeus to 3 July)
 St. Anacletus Pope and Martyr (13 July; merged with the 26 April feast of St. Cletus)
 On the Finding of the Body of St. Stephen Protomartyr (3 August; considered a duplication of the 26 December feast of St. Stephen)
The commemoration of St. Vitalis Martyr (28 April) was likewise deleted, due to doubts about the historicity of his martyrdom.

The following feasts were inscribed in the calendar:
 St. Gregory Barbarigo Bishop and Confessor (17 June, III cl.)
 St. Anthony Mary Claret Bishop and Confessor (23 October, III cl.)

Other changes
The following feasts were transferred:
 St. Irenaeus Bishop and Martyr (28 June to 3 July; to make room for celebration of the Vigil of Ss. Peter and Paul)
 St. John Mary Vianney Confessor (9 to 8 August; to be nearer to his natalis)
The commemoration of Ss. Sergius, Bacchus, Marcellus, and Apuleius Martyrs was transferred from 7 to 8 October, due to rubrical changes that restricted the number of commemorations allowed on a II-class feast (in this case, the 7 October feast of the Rosary) to only one.

The following titles were changed:
 The Circumcision of the Lord became the Octave Day of the Nativity (1 January)
 The Octave Day of the Epiphany became the Commemoration of the Baptism of the Lord (13 January, II cl.)
 The Chair of St. Peter Apostle at Antioch became The Chair of St. Peter Apostle (22 February)
 The Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary became Blessed Virgin Mary of the Rosary (7 October)

The new rubrics also restricted the transferral of impeded feast days that occur in a given year on the same day as a liturgical day of higher rank solely to feasts of the I class (formerly doubles of the I class). Under the older rubrics, both doubles of the I class and doubles of the II class (feasts of the II class under the 1960 rubrics) were transferred when impeded.

Post-1960 developments
On 25 March 2020, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith made public the decree Cum sanctissima, dated 22 February 2020, which introduced a number of options for use in contemporary celebration of the Office and Mass according to the 1961 Breviary and 1962 Missal. With regard to the liturgical calendar, the decree grants permission for the celebration of feasts of saints canonized after 26 July 1960, using the dates set forth by the Holy See for the liturgical observance of these saints for the universal Church. The decree also allows the option for the celebration of certain III-class feasts during Lent and Passiontide, which heretofore had been forbidden by the 1960 Code of Rubrics.

January
1: Octave of the Nativity of the Lord, I class.
2: Feria.
3: Feria.
4: Feria.
5: Commemoration of St. Telesphorus Pope and Martyr, Comm.
6: On the Epiphany of the Lord, I class.
7: Feria.
8: Feria.
9: Feria.
10: Feria.
11: Commemoration of St. Hyginus Pope and Martyr, Comm.
12: Feria.
13: On the Commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ, II class.
14: St. Hilary Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Felix Priest and Martyr.
15: St. Paul the First Hermit, Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Maurus Abbot.
16: St. Marcellus I Pope and Martyr, III class.
17: St. Anthony Abbot, III class.
18: Commemoration of St. Prisca Virgin and Martyr, Comm.
19: Commemoration of Ss. Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum Martyrs, Comm., Com. of St. Canute, Martyr.
20: Ss. Fabian Pope and Sebastian Martyrs, III class.
21: St. Agnes, Virgin and Martyr, III class
22: Ss. Vincent and Anastasius Martyrs, III class.
23: St. Raymund of Peñafort Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Emerentiana Virgin and Martyr.
24: St. Timothy Bishop and Martyr, III class.
25: On the Conversion of St. Paul Apostle, III class, Com. of St. Peter Apostle.
26: St. Polycarp Bishop and Martyr, III class.
27: St. John Chrysostom Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
28: St. Peter Nolasco Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Agnes, Virgin and Martyr second.
29: St. Francis de Sales Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
30: St. Martina Virgin and Martyr, III class.
31: St. John Bosco Confessor, III class.

Sunday between the octave of the Nativity of the Lord and the Epiphany, or, with this lacking, 2 January: The most holy Name of Jesus, II class.
I Sunday after Epiphany: The most holy Family of Jesus, Mary, Joseph, II class.

February
1: St. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr, III class.
2: On the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class.
3: Commemoration of St. Blase Bishop and Martyr, Comm.
4: St. Andrew Corsini Bishop and Confessor, III class.
5: St. Agatha Virgin and Martyr, III class.
6: St. Titus Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Dorothy Virgin and Martyr.
7: St. Romuald Abbot, III class.
8: St. John of Matha Confessor, III class.
9: St. Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Apollonia Virgin and Martyr.
10: St. Scholastica Virgin, III class.
11: On the Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary Immaculate, III class.
12: The Seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary Confessors, III class.
13: Feria.
14: Commemoration of St. Valentine Priest and Martyr, Comm.
15: Commemoration of Ss. Faustinus and Jovita Martyrs, Comm.
16: Feria.
17: Feria.
18: Commemoration of St. Simeon Bishop and Martyr, Comm.
19: Feria.
20: Feria.
21: Feria.
22: Chair of St. Peter, II class, Com. of St. Paul.
23: St. Peter Damian Confessor, III class.
24: St. Matthias Apostle, II class.
25: Feria.
26: Feria.
27: St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, III class
28: Feria.

In leap year the month of February is of 29 days, and the feast of St. Matthias is celebrated on the 25th day and the feast of St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows on the 28th day of February, and twice is said Sexto Kalendas, that is on the 24th and 25th; and the dominical letter, which was taken up in the month of January, is changed to the preceding; that, if in January, the dominical letter was A, it is changed to the preceding, which is g, etc.; and the letter f is kept twice, on the 24th and 25th.

March
1: Feria.
2: Feria.
3: Feria.
4: St. Casimir Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Lucius I Pope and Martyr.
5: Feria.
6: Ss. Perpetua and Felicity Martyrs, III class.
7: St. Thomas Aquinas Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class.
8: St. John of God Confessor, III class.
9: St. Frances of Rome Widow, III class.
10: The Forty Holy Martyrs, III class.
11: Feria.
12: St. Gregory I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
13: Feria.
14: Feria.
15: Feria.
16: Feria.
17: St. Patrick Bishop and Confessor, III class.
18 : St.Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
19: St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, and Patron of the Universal Church, I class.
20: Feria.
21: St. Benedict Abbot, III class.
22: Feria.
23: Feria.
24: St. Gabriel the Archangel, III class.
25: Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, I class.
26: Feria.
27: St. John Damascene Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class
28: St. John Capistran Confessor, III class
29: Feria.
30: Feria.
31: Feria.

Friday after the I Sunday in Passiontide: Commemoration of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Comm.

April
1: Feria.
2: St. Francis of Paula Confessor, III class.
3: Feria.
4: St. Isidore Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
5: St. Vincent Ferrer Confessor, III class.
6: Feria.
7: Feria.
8: Feria.
9: Feria.
10: Feria.
11: St. Leo I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
12: Feria.
13: St. Hermenegild Martyr, III class.
14: St. Justin, III class, Com. of Saints Tiburtius, Valerian and Maximus Martyrs.
15: Feria.
16 : Feria.
17: Commemoration of St. Anicetus Pope and Martyr, Comm.
18: Feria.
19: Feria.
20: Feria.
21: St. Anselm Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
22: Ss. Soter and Cajus Popes and Martyrs, III class.
23: Commemoration of St. George Martyr, Comm.
24: St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen Martyr, III class.
25: Greater Litany. - St. Mark Evangelist, II class.
26: Ss. Cletus and Marcellinus Popes and Martyrs, III class.
27: St. Peter Canisius Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class.
28: St. Paul of the Cross Confessor, III class.
29: St. Peter Martyr, III class.
30: St. Catherine of Siena Virgin, III class.

May
1: St. Joseph the Workman, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, I class.
2: St. Athanasius, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
3: Commemoration of Ss. Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus Martyrs, and Juvenal, Bishop and Confessor, Comm.
4: St. Monica Widow, III class.
5: St. Pius V Pope and Confessor, III class.
6: Feria.
7: St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, III class.
8: Feria.
9: St. Gregory Nazianzen Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
10: St. Antoninus Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Gordian and Epimachus.
11: Ss. Philip and James Apostles, II class.
12: Ss. Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla Virgin, and Pancras Martyrs, III class.
13: St. Robert Bellarmine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
14: Commemoration of St. Boniface Martyr, Comm.
15: St. John Baptist de la Salle Confessor, III class.
16: St. Ubald Bishop and Confessor, III class.
17: St. Paschal Baylon Confessor, III class.
18: St. Venantius Martyr, III class.
19: St. Peter Celestine Pope and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Pudentiana Virgin.
20: St. Bernardine of Siena Confessor, III class.
21: Feria.
22: Feria.
23: Feria.
24: Feria.
25: St. Gregory VII Pope and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Urban I Pope and Martyr.
26: St. Philip Neri Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Eleutherius Pope and Martyr.
27: St. Bede the Venerable Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. John I Pope and Martyr.
28: St. Augustine Bishop and Confessor, III class.
29: St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi Virgin, III class.
30: Commemoration of St. Felix I Pope and Martyr, Comm.
31: Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen, II class, Com. of St. Petronilla Virgin.

June
1: St. Angela Merici Virgin, III class.
2: Commemoration of Ss. Marcellinus, Peter, and Erasmus Bishop, Martyrs, Comm.
3: Feria.
4: St. Francis Caracciolo Confessor, III class.
5: St. Boniface Bishop and Martyr, III class.
6: St. Norbert Bishop and Confessor, III class.
7 : Feria.
8: Feria.
9: Commemoration of Ss. Primus and Felician Martyrs, Comm.
10: St. Margaret Queen, Widow, III class.
11: St. Barnabas Apostle, III class.
12: St. John of San Facundo Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius Martyrs.
13: St. Anthony of Padua Confessor, III class.
14: St. Basil the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
15: Commemoration of Ss. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia Martyrs, Comm.
16: Feria.
17: St. Gregory Barbarigo Bishop and Confessor, III class.
18: St. Ephraem Syrus Deacon, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of Ss. Mark and Marcellianus Martyrs.
19: St. Juliana Falconieri Virgin, III class, Com. of Ss. Gervase and Protase Martyrs.
20: Commemoration of St. Silverius Pope and Martyr, Comm.
21: St. Aloysius Gonzaga Confessor, III class.
22: St. Paulinus Bishop and Confessor, III class
23: Vigil, II class.
24: On the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, I class.
25: St. William Abbot, III class.
26: Ss. John and Paul Martyrs, III class.
27: Feria.
28: Vigil, II class.
29: Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, I class.
30: On the Commemoration of St. Paul Apostle, III class, Com. of St. Peter Apostle.

July
1: The Most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, I class.
2: On the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class, Com. of Ss. Processus and Martinian Martyrs.
3: St. Irenaeus Bishop, Martyr, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
4: Feria.
5: St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria Confessor, III class.
6: Feria.
7: Ss. Cyril and Methodius Bishops and Confessors, III class.
8: St. Elizabeth Queen, Widow, III class.
9: Feria.
10: The Seven Holy Brothers Martyrs, and Ss. Rufina and Secunda Virgins and Martyrs, III class.
11: Commemoration of St. Pius I Pope and Martyr, Comm.
12: St. John Gualbert Abbot, III class, Com. of Ss. Nabor and Felix Martyrs.
13: Feria.
14: St. Bonaventure Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
15: St. Henry II Emperor, Confessor, III class.
16: Commemoration of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel, Comm.
17: Commemoration of St. Alexius Confessor, Comm.
18: St. Camillus de Lellis Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Symphorosa and her seven Sons Martyrs.
19: St. Vincent de Paul Confessor, III class.
20: St. Jerome Emiliani Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Margaret Virgin Martyr.
21: St. Lawrence of Brindisi Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Praxedes Virgin.
22: St. Mary Magdalene Penitent, III class.
23: St. Apollinaris Bishop and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Liborius Bishop and Confessor.
24: Commemoration of St. Christina Virgin and Martyr.
25: St. James Apostle, II class, Com. of St. Christopher Martyr.
26: St. Anne Mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class.
27: Commemoration of St. Pantaleon Martyr, Comm.
28: Ss. Nazarius and Celsus Martyrs, Victor I Pope and Martyr, and St. Innocent I Pope and Confessor, III class.
29: St. Martha Virgin, III class, Com. of Ss. Felix, Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice Martyrs.
30: Commemoration of Ss. Abdon and Sennen Martyrs, Comm.
31: St. Ignatius Confessor, III class.

August
1: Commemoration of the Holy Machabees Martyrs, Comm.
2: St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Stephen I Pope and Martyr.
3: Feria.
4: St. Dominic Confessor, III class.
5: On the Dedication of Our Lady of the Snows, III class.
6: On the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ, II class, Com. of Ss. Xystus II Pope, Felicissimus, and Agapitus Martyrs.
7: St. Cajetan Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Donatus Bishop and Martyr.
8: St. John Mary Vianney Confessor and Priest, III class, Com. of Ss. Cyriacus, Largus, and Smaragdus Martyrs.
9: Vigil, III class, Com. of St. Romanus Martyr.
10: St. Laurence Martyr, II class.
11: Commemoration of Ss. Saint Tiburtius and Saint Susanna Virgin, Martyrs, Comm.
12: St. Clare Virgin, III class.
13: Commemoration of Ss. Hippolytus and Cassian Martyrs, Comm.
14: Vigil, II class, Com. of St. Eusebius Confessor.
15: On the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, I class.
16: St. Joachim Father of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, II class.
17: St. Hyacinth of Poland Confessor, III class.
18: Commemoration of St. Agapitus Martyr, Comm.
19: St. John Eudes Confessor, III class.
20: St. Bernard Abbot and Doctor of the Church, III class.
21: St. Jane Frances de Chantal Widow, III class.
22: Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class, Com. of Ss. Timothy and Companions Martyrs.
23: St. Philip Benizi Confessor, III class.
24: St. Bartholomew Apostle, II class.
25: St. Louis King, Confessor, III class.
26: Commemoration of St. Zephyrinus Pope Martyr, Comm.
27: St. Joseph Calasanctius Confessor, III class.
28: St. Augustine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Hermes Martyr.
29: On the Beheading of St. John the Baptist, III class, Com. of St. Sabina Martyr.
30: St. Rose of Lima Virgin, III class, Com. of Ss. Felix and Adauctus Martyrs.
31: St. Raymond Nonnatus Confessor, III class.

September
1: Commemoration of St. Giles Abbot, Comm, Com. of the Holy Twelve Brothers Martyrs.
2: St. Stephen King, Confessor, III class.
3: St. Pius X Pope and Confessor, III class.
4: Feria.
5: St. Laurence Justinian Bishop and Confessor, III class.
6: Feria.
7: Feria.
8: On the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class, Com. of St. Hadrian Martyr.
9: Commemoration of St. Gorgonius Martyr, Comm.
10: St. Nicholas of Tolentino Confessor, III class.
11: Commemoration of Ss. Protus and Hyacinth Martyrs, Comm.
12: The Most Holy Name of Mary, III class.
13: St. John Chrysostom, Bishop and Doctor of the Church
14: On the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, II class.
15: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class, Com. of St. Nicomedes Martyr.
16: St. Cornelius Pope and St. Cyprian Bishop, Martyrs, III class, Com. of Ss. Euphemia Virgin, Lucy and Geminianus Martyrs.
17: Commemoration of the Impression of the sacred Stigmata of St. Francis Confessor, Comm.
18: St. Joseph of Cupertino Confessor, III class.
19: St. Januarius Bishop and Companions Martyrs, III class.
20: Commemoration of St. Eustace and Companions Martyrs, Comm.
21: St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist, II class.
22: St. Thomas of Villanova Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Maurice and Companions Martyrs.
23: St. Linus Pope and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Thecla Virgin and Martyr.
24: Commemoration of Our Lady of Ransom, Comm.
25: Feria.
26: Commemoration of Ss. Cyprian and Justina Virgin, Martyrs, Comm.
27: Ss. Cosmas and Damian Martyrs, III class.
28: St. Wenceslaus Duke, Martyr, III class.
29: On the Dedication of St. Michael Archangel, I class.
30: St. Jerome Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.

October
1: Commemoration of St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor, Comm.
2: The Holy Guardian Angels, III class.
3: St. Teresa of the Child Jesus Virgin, III class.
4: St. Francis of Assisi Confessor, III class.
5: Commemoration of St. Placid and companions Martyrs, Comm.
6: St. Bruno Confessor, III class.
7: Blessed Virgin Mary of the Rosary, II class, Com. of St. Mark Pope and Confessor.
8: St. Bridget Widow, III class, Com. of Ss. Sergius and Bacchus, Marcellus and Apuleius Martyrs.
9: St. John Leonard Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Denis Bishop, Rusticus Priest, and Eleutherius Martyrs.
10: St. Francis Borgia Confessor, III class.
11: The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, II class.
12: Feria.
13: St. Edward King, Confessor, III class.
14: St. Callistus I Pope and Martyr, III class.
15: St. Teresa Virgin, III class.
16: St. Hedwig Widow, III class.
17: St. Margaret Mary Alacoque Virgin, III class.
18: St. Luke Evangelist, II class.
19: St. Peter of Alcantara Confessor, III class.
20: St. John Cantius Confessor, III class.
21: Commemoration of St. Hilarion Abbot, Comm., Com. of St. Ursula and Companions Virgins and Martyrs.
22: Feria.
23: St. Anthony Mary Claret Bishop and Confessor, III class.
24: St. Raphael Archangel, III class.
25: Commemoration of Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria Martyrs, Comm.
26: Commemoration of St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr, Comm.
27: Feria.
28: Ss. Simon and Jude Apostles, II class.
29: Feria.
30: Feria.
31: Feria.

Last Sunday in October: Our Lord Jesus Christ the King, I class.

November
1: All Saints, I class.
2 or, if 2 November is a Sunday, 3 November: On the Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed, I class.
3: Feria.
4: St. Charles Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Vitalis and Agricola Martyrs.
5: Feria.
6: Feria.
7: Feria.
8: Commemoration of the Holy Four Crowned Martyrs, Comm.
9: On the Dedication of the Archbasilica of the most Holy Saviour, II class, Com. of St. Theodore Martyr.
10: St. Andrew Avellino Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Martyrs.
11: St. Martin Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Mennas Martyr.
12: St. Martin I Pope and Martyr, III class.
13: St. Didacus Confessor, III class.
14: St. Josaphat Bishop and Martyr, III class.
15: St. Albert the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
16: St. Gertrude Virgin, III class.
17: St. Gregory Thaumaturgus Bishop and Confessor, III class.
18: On the Dedication of the Basilicas of Ss. Peter and Paul, III class.
19: St. Elizabeth Widow, III class, Com. of St. Pontianus Pope and Martyr.
20: St. Felix of Valois Confessor, III class.
21: On the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, III class.
22: St. Cecilia Virgin and Martyr, III class.
23: St. Clement I Pope and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Felicitas Martyr.
24: St. John of the Cross Confessor and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Chrysogonus Martyr.
25: St. Catherine Virgin and Martyr, III class.
26: St. Sylvester Abbot, III class, Com. of St. Peter of Alexandria Bishop and Martyr.
27: Feria.
28: Feria.
29: Commemoration of St. Saturninus Martyr, Comm.
30: St. Andrew Apostle, II class.

December
1: Feria.
2: St. Bibiana Virgin and Martyr, III class.
3: St. Francis Xavier Confessor, III class.
4: St. Peter Chrysologus Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Barbara Virgin and Martyr.
5: Commemoration of St. Sabbas Abbot, Comm.
6: St. Nicholas Bishop and Confessor, III class.
7: St. Ambrose Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class.
8: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, I class.
9: Feria.
10: Commemoration of St. Melchiades Pope and Martyr, Comm.
11: St. Damasus I Pope and Confessor, III class.
12: Feria.
13: St. Lucy Virgin and Martyr, III class.
14: Feria.
15: Feria.
16: St. Eusebius Bishop and Martyr, III class.
17: Feria.
18: Feria.
19: Feria.
20: Feria.
21: St. Thomas Apostle, II class.
22: Feria.
23: Feria.
24: Vigil, I class.
25: On the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, I class with II class octave. In the second Mass: Commemoration of St. Anastasia Martyr.
26: II day within the octave of the Nativity of the Lord: St. Stephen Protomartyr, II class.
27: III day within the octave of the Nativity of the Lord: St. John Apostle and Evangelist, II class.
28: IV day within the octave of the Nativity of the Lord: The Holy Innocents, II class.
29: Of the V day within the octave of the Nativity of the Lord, II class, Commemoration of St. Thomas Bishop and Martyr.
30: Of the VI day within the Octave of the Nativity, II class.
31: Of the VII day within the Octave of the Nativity, II class, Commemoration of St. Sylvester I Pope and Confessor.

The source for the dates above is the Jan. 1960 edition of Acta Apostolicae Sedis.

Masses for Certain Places (pro Aliquibus Locis)
The 1962 typical edition of the Roman Missal—the edition incorporating the changes made for the 1960 General Calendar—collected many (though not all) Mass propers for feasts approved for celebration in certain places in a supplement placed at the end of the Missal; this supplement also incorporated changes mandated by Pope John XXIII regarding the suppression of some local feasts in his 14 February 1961 instruction De calendariis particularibus. Masses listed in this supplement may nowadays be said anywhere on days of the IV class. Some saints listed below are also in the General Calendar above; these saints have proper Masses in the pro Aliquibus Locis supplement that may be said ad libitum in place of the Masses listed in the main body of the Missal.

 7 December: St. Ambrose Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 3 January: St. Gaspar del Bufalo Confessor; St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Virgin [Transferred to 13 November]
 23 January: St. Ildephonsus Bishop and Confessor
 29 January: St. Francis de Sales Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 21 February: St. Margaret of Cortona Penitent
 15 March: St. Louise de Marillac Widow
 21 March: St. Benedict Abbot [proper Mass]
 16 April: St. Benedict Joseph Labre Confessor
 26 April: Our Lady of Good Counsel
 28 April: St. Peter Chanel Martyr; St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort Confessor
 29 April: St. Joseph Benedict Cottolengo Confessor
 3 May: On the Finding of the Holy Cross
 6 May: St. John Apostle and Evangelist Before the Latin Gate; St. Dominic Savio Confessor
 8 May: Our Lady, Queen of All Saints and Mother of Fair Love; Our Lady, Mediatrix of All Graces; Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of Jesus; On the Apparition of St. Michael Archangel
 15 May: St. Isidore Farmer and Confessor [Observed in some places on 22 March or 25 October]
 16 May: St. John of Nepomuk Martyr
 22 May: St. Rita of Cascia Widow
 23 May: St. John Baptist de Rossi Confessor
 24 May: Our Lady, Help of Christians
 30 May: St. Ferdinand King and Confessor; St. Joan of Arc Virgin
 Saturday after the Ascension: Our Lady, Queen of Apostles
 9 June: Our Lady, Mother of Grace
 13 June: St. Anthony of Padua Confessor and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 16 June: St. John Francis Regis Confessor
 27 June: Our Lady of Perpetual Help; St. Joseph Cafasso Confessor
 4 July: On the Commemoration of All Holy Popes
 6 July: St. Maria Goretti Virgin and Martyr
 9 July: St. Veronica Giuliani Virgin
 19 July: St. Vincent de Paul Confessor [proper Mass]
 21 July: St. Lawrence of Brindisi Confessor and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 Saturday before the IV Sunday in July: Our Lady, Mother of Mercy
 1 August: St. Peter Apostle in Chains
 3 August: On the Finding of the Body of St. Stephen Protomartyr
 8 August: St. John Mary Vianney Confessor [proper Mass]
 11 August: St. Emygdius Bishop and Martyr
 13 August: Our Lady, Refuge of Sinners
 16 August: St. Roch Confessor
 18 August: St. Helena Empress and Widow
 20 August: St. Bernard Abbot and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 28 August: St. Augustine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 Saturday after the feast of St. Augustine: Our Lady of Consolation
 Saturday before the last Sunday in August: Our Lady, Health of the Sick
 4 September: Our Lady, Mother of the Divine Pastor; St. Rose of Viterbo Virgin
 9 September: St. Peter Claver Confessor
 15 September: St. Catherine Fieschi Adorno Widow [Observed in some places on 22 March, the date of her conversion]
 26 September: Ss. Jean, Isaac, and Companions Martyrs
 1 October: St. Gregory Patriarch of Armenia and Martyr
 15 October: St. Teresa Virgin [proper Mass]
 23 October: The Most Holy Redeemer
 4 November: St. Charles Bishop and Confessor [proper Mass]
 5 November: On the Holy Relics
 13 November: St. Stanislaus Kostka Confessor
 Saturday before the III Sunday in November: Our Lady, Mother of Divine Providence
 24 November: St. John of the Cross Confessor and Doctor of the Church [proper Mass]
 26 November: St. Leonard of Port Maurice Confessor
 27 November: Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal

Suppressed Masses
In accordance with De calendariis particularibus (par. 32 & 33), the following local feasts "introduced since the Middle Ages by private devotion in the public worship of the Church" were suppressed, unless "truly special reasons" required their continued observance:
 On the Translation of the House of the Blessed Virgin Mary  (10 December)
 On the Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (18 December)
 On the Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary to St. Joseph (23 January)
 The Flight of Our Lord Jesus Christ into Egypt (17 February)
 The Prayer of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Tuesday after Septuagesima Sunday)
 On the Commemoration of the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Tuesday after Sexagesima Sunday)
 The Holy Crown of Thorns of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Friday after Ash Wednesday)
 The Holy Lance and Nails of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Friday after the I Sunday in Lent)
 The Holy Shroud of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Friday after the II Sunday in Lent)
 The Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Friday after the III Sunday in Lent)
 The Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Friday after the IV Sunday in Lent)
 The Eucharistic Heart of Jesus (Thursday after the [suppressed] octave of Corpus Christi)
 The Humility of the Blessed Virgin Mary (17 July)
 The Purity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (16 October)

In addition, the feast of Saint Philomena (11 August) was removed from all local calendars (save for those of churches named for her and select locations where her cultus was permitted either by indult or tacit approval by the diocesan bishop) due to  doubt regarding the historicity of her existence and martyrdom.

National Calendars
The following are the proper calendars for certain countries to be used in the celebration of the Roman Rite. National feasts and their ranks have been gathered from liturgical ordos published by various sources, including the FSSP, the Latin Mass Society of England and Wales, and Romanitas Press. This list details only those feasts celebrated in all dioceses and archdioceses of the following countries and does not include feasts proper to specific dioceses and archdioceses.

Australia and New Zealand
 3 December: St. Francis Xavier Confessor, Principal Patron of All Missions, I class
 1 February: St. Brigid Virgin, II class, Com. of St. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr
 17 March: St. Patrick Bishop and Confessor, I class
 28 April: St. Peter Aloysius Mary Chanel Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Paul of the Cross Confessor
 24 May: Our Lady, Help of Christians, Principal Patroness of Australia and New Zealand, I class
 9 June: St. Columba Abbot, III class, Com. of Ss. Primus and Felician Martyrs
 11 July: St. Oliver Plunkett Bishop and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Pius I Pope and Martyr
 3 October: St. Teresa Virgin, Principal Patroness of All Missions, I class

Brazil
 12 December: Our Lady of Guadalupe, Principal Patroness of Latin America, I class
 13 February: St. John of Brito Martyr, III class
 3 May: On the Finding of the Holy Cross, II class, Com. of Ss. Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus Martyrs, and Juvenal Bishop and Confessor
 13 June: St. Anthony of Padua Confessor and Doctor, II class
 Thursday after Feast of the Sacred Heart: The Eucharistic Heart of Jesus, III class
 9 July: Our Lady, Queen of Peace, III class
 15 July: Bl. Inácio de Azevedo and Companions Martyrs, III class, Com. of St. Henry II Emperor and Confessor
 16 July: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, III class
 30 August: St. Rose of Lima Virgin, Principal Patroness of Latin America, I class
 1 October: Our Lady, Mediatrix of All Graces, III class, Com. of St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor
 12 October: Our Lady of Aparecida, Principal Patroness of Brazil, I class
 25 October: St. Anthony of St. Anne Galvão Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria Martyrs
 5 November: On All Holy Relics in the Churches of Brazil, III class
 17 November: Ss. Roque Gonzáles and Companion Martyrs, III class, Com. of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus Bishop and Confessor

Canada
 18 February: St. Mary Bernard Soubirous Virgin, III class
 19 March: St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Confessor, Principal Patron of Canada, I class
 26 September: Ss. Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues and Companions Martyrs, Secondary Patrons of Canada, II class, Com. of Ss. Cyprian and Justina Virgin, Martyrs
 13 November: St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Virgin, III class, Com. of St. Didacus Martyr

England and Wales
 29 December: St. Thomas Bishop and Martyr, I class, Com. of the V day within the octave of the Nativity of the Lord
 1 March: St. David Bishop and Confessor, Principal Patron of Wales, I class (Wales only)
 12 March: St. Gregory I Pope, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Apostle to the English, II class (Wales, most dioceses in England)
 23 April: St. George Martyr, Principal Patron of England, I class (England)/II class (Wales)
 4 May: The Holy Martyrs of England and Wales, III class, Com. of St. Monica Widow
 26 May: St. Augustine Bishop and Confessor, II class, Com. of St. Philip Neri Confessor
 II Sunday after Pentecost: External Solemnity of Corpus Christi, II class
 22 June: St. Alban Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Paulinus Bishop and Confessor
 9 July: Ss. John Fisher Bishop and Thomas More Martyrs, I class
 17 July: Our Lady in Porticu, III class (Wales only), Com. of St. Alexius Confessor
 30 July: Bb. Edward Powell, Richard Featherstone and Companions Martyrs, III class (Wales only), Com. of Ss. Abdon and Sennen, Martyrs
 3 August: St. Germanus Bishop and Confessor, III class (Wales only)
 25 September: St. Cadoc Bishop and Martyr, III class (Wales only)
 13 October: St. Edward King and Confessor, II class
 5 November: On All Holy Relics in the Churches of Wales, III class (Wales only)

France
 3 January: St. Genevieve Virgin, III class (I class in the Archdiocese of Paris)
 18 February: St. Mary Bernard Soubirous Virgin, III class
 30 May: St. Joan of Arc Virgin, Secondary Patroness of France, II class
 3 June: St. Clothilde Queen and Widow, III class
 1 October: St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor, III class
 3 October: St. Teresa of the Child Jesus Virgin, Secondary Patroness of France, II class
 9 October: St. Denis Bishop, Rusticus Priest, and Eleutherius Martyrs, III class, Com. of St. John Leonardi Confessor

Korea
 8 December: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Principal Patroness of Korea, I class
 5 July: Bl. Andrew Kim Taegon Priest and Martyr,  I class
 26 September: LXXIX Bb. Martyrs of Korea,  I class
 3 October: St. Teresa of the Child Jesus Virgin, Principal Patroness of All Missions, I class

Philippines
 8 December: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Principal Patroness of the Philippines, I class
 12 December: Our Lady of Guadalupe, Heavenly Patroness of the Philippines, I class
 3rd Sunday of January: Holy Child of Cebu, I class
 5 February: XXVI Holy Martyrs of Japan, III class
 3 May: On the Finding of the Holy Cross, II class
 15 May: St. Isidore Farmer and Confessor, III class
 19 May: St. Pudentiana Virgin, Secondary Patroness of the Philippines, II class
 16 July: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, II class
 17 July: On the Triumph of the Holy Cross, II class
 25 July: St. James Apostle, II class
 30 August: St. Rose of Lima Virgin, Secondary Patroness of the Philippines, II class
 24 September: On the Descent of Our Lady of Mercy, II class
 12 October: Our Lady of the Pillar, II class

Poland
 2 December: St. Peter Chrysologus Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, III class, Com. of St. Bibiana Virgin and Martyr
 4 December: St. Barbara Virgin and Martyr, III class
 15 March: Commemoration of St. Clement Mary Hofbauer Confessor, Comm.
 23 April: St. Wojciech-Adalbert Bishop and Martyr, Principal Patron of Poland, I class
 3 May: Our Lady Queen of Poland, Principal Patroness of Poland, I class
 4 May: St. Florian Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Monica Widow
 8 May: St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Principal Patron of Poland, I class
 16 May: St. Andrew Bobola Priest and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Ubald Bishop and Confessor
 24 May: Our Lady Help of Christians, II class
 30 May: Bl. John Sarkander Priest and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Felix I Pope and Martyr
 2 June: Bb. Sadok and Companions Martyrs, III class, Com. of Ss. Marcellinus, Peter, and Erasmus Bishop, Martyrs
 10 June: Bl. Bogumilus Peter Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Margaret Queen and Widow
 15 June: Bl. Yolanda Widow, III class, Com. of Ss. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia Martyrs
 13 July: Ss. Andrew Zorard and Benedict Confessors, III class
 15 July: St. Bruno of Querfurt Bishop and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Henry II Emperor and Confessor
 18 July: Bl. Szymon of Lipnica Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Camillus de Lellis Confessor, Com. of Symphorosa and her seven Sons Martyrs
 20 July: Bl. Ceslaus Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Jerome Emiliani Confessor, Com. of Margaret Virgin and Martyr
 24 July: Bl. Kinga Virgin, III class, Com. of St. Christina Virgin and Martyr
 26 August: Our Lady of Częstochowa, I class
 1 September: Bl. Bronislava Virgin, III class, Com. of St. Giles Abbot, Com. of the Holy Twelve Brothers Martyrs
 7 September: Bl. Melchior Grodziecki Priest and Martyr, III class
 25 September: Bl. Ladislaus of Gielniów Confessor, III class
 IV Sunday of September: On the Dedication of the proper church, I class
 1 October: Bl. John of Dukla Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor
 9 October: Bl. Wincenty Kadłubek Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. John Leonard Confessor, Com. of Ss. Denis Bishop, Rusticus Priest, and Eleutherius Martyrs
 10 October: St. Francis Borgia Confessor, III class, Com. of Victory of Chocim
 21 October: Bl. Jakub Strzemię Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Hilarion Abbot, Com. of Ss. Ursula and Companions Virgins and Martyrs
 12 November: Ss. Benedict, John, Matthew, Isaac and Krystyn, Protomartyrs of Poland, III class
 13 November: St. Stanislaus Kostka Confessor, Secondary Patron of Poland, II class, Com. of St. Didacus Confessor
 17 November: Bl. Salomea Virgin, III class, Com. of St. Gregory Thaumaturgus Bishop and Confessor
 20 November: St. Martin I Pope and Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Felix of Valois Confessor

Portugal
 8 December: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Principal Patroness of Portugal, I class
 16 January: St. Marcellus I Pope and Martyr, III class, Com. of Ss. Berard, Peter, Accursius and Adjutus Martyrs
 19 January: Commemoration of St. Gonçalo of Amarante Confessor, Com. of Ss. Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum Martyrs
 4 February: St. John of Brito Martyr, III class, Com. of St. Andrew Corsini Bishop and Confessor
 13 February: The Five Wounds of Our Lord Jesus Christ, III class
 18 February: St. Theotonius Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Simeon Bishop and Martyr
 12 May: Bl. Joana Princess of Portugal, Virgin, III class, Com. of Ss. Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla Virgin, and Pancras Martyrs
 13 May: Our Lady of the Rosary of Fátima, II class, Com. of St. Robert Bellarmine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church
 10 June: The Holy Guardian Angel of Portugal, III class, Com. of St. Margaret Queen, Widow
 13 June: St. Anthony of Lisbon Confessor, Patron of Portugal, I class
 20 June: Bb. Sancha and Mafalda Princesses of Portugal and Queen of Leon, Widow, Theresa Princess of Portugal, Virgins, III class, Com. of St. Silverius Pope and Martyr
 15 July:  St. Henry II Emperor, Confessor, III class, Com. of Bl. Inácio de Azevedo and Companions Martyrs
 16 July: Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, III class
 27 October: Bl. Gonçalo of Lagos Confessor, III class
 6 November: St. Nuno of St. Mary Confessor, II class

Scotland
 30 November: St. Andrew Apostle, Principal Patron of Scotland, I class
 14 January: St. Kentigern Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Hilary Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Com. of St. Felix Priest and Martyr
 10 March: St. John Ogilvie Martyr, II class, Com. of the Forty Holy Martyrs
 17 March: St. Patrick Bishop and Confessor, II class
 9 June: St. Columba Abbot, III class, Com. of Ss. Primus and Felician Martyrs
 16 September: St. Ninian Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Cornelius Pope and St. Cyprian Bishop, Martyrs, Com. of Ss. Euphemia Virgin, Lucy and Geminianus Martyrs
 16 November: St. Margaret Queen, Secondary Patroness of Scotland, II class, Com. of St. Gertrude Virgin

Spain
 8 December: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Principal Patroness of Spain, I class
 27 February: St. Leander Bishop and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows
 10 May: St. John of Ávila Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Antoninus Bishop and Confessor, Com. of Ss. Gordian and Epimachus
 14 May: St. John Baptist de La Salle Confessor, III class
 15 May: St. Isidore Farmer and Confessor, III class
 30 May: St. Ferdinand King and Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Felix I Pope and Martyr
 16 July: Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel, I class
 25 July: St. James Apostle, Principal Patron of Spain, I class
 12 October: Our Lady of the Pillar, I class
 15 October: St. Teresa Virgin, III class

United States
 8 December: On the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Principal Patroness of the United States, I class
 12 December: Our Lady of Guadalupe, Patroness of the Americas, III class
 22 January (23 January if 22 January falls on Sunday): Votive Mass for Peace, II class
 II Sunday after Pentecost: External Solemnity of Corpus Christi, II class
 Sunday after 29 June (when 29 June falls on a weekday): External Solemnity of Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, II class
 I Monday of September (Labor Day): External Solemnity of St. Joseph the Workman, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, II class
 9 September: St. Peter Claver Confessor, III class, Com. of St. Gorgonius Martyr
 26 September: Ss. Isaac Jogues, Jean de Brébeuf and Companions Martyrs, III class, Com. of Ss. Cyprian and Justina, Virgin, Martyrs
 II Sunday of October: Votive Mass of the Good Thief, II class in all prisons and reformatories
 25 October: St. Isidore Farmer and Confessor, III class, Com. of Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria Martyrs
 13 November: St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Virgin, III class, Com. of St. Didacus Confessor

Vietnam

 First Sunday of September: Ss. Andrew Trần An Dũng-Lạc and Companions Martyrs, I class

Calendars of traditionalist institutes
The following are the proper adaptions currently in use for all members of traditionalist institutes who make exclusive use of the 1961 Breviary and 1962 Missal.

Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP)
 29 January: St. Francis de Sales, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Co-principal Patron of the ICKSP, I class
 7 March: St. Thomas Aquinas, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Co-principal Patron of the ICKSP, I class
 21 March: St. Benedict, Abbot, Co-principal Patron of the ICKSP, I class

Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (FSSP)
 22 February: Chair of St. Peter, Apostle, Principal Patron of the FSSP, I class, Com. of St. Paul
 7 March: St. Thomas Aquinas, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Secondary Patron of the FSSP, II class
 1 August: St. Peter, Apostle, in Chains, III class, Com. of St. Paul, Com. of the Holy Machabees, Martyrs
 4 November: St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor, Patron of Seminarians, I class in all seminaries of the FSSP

Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX)
 Friday after Passion Sunday: Our Lady of Compassion, I class, Com. of the feria
 3 September: St. Pius X, Pope and Confessor, Principal Patron of the SSPX, I class
 15 September: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, I class

Local Calendars
To fully comply with the calendar requirements outlined in the 1960 Code of Rubrics that governs the 1962 Missal and the 1961 Breviary, a number of local feasts must be inscribed in the calendars of particular churches where the extraordinary form is offered (and of religious orders and societies dedicated to the use of the sacraments in their 1962 forms) in addition to those listed in the General Calendar and in the national calendars section above. These local feasts include, but are not limited to:
Feasts of the principal patrons of the nation, the ecclesiastical or civil region or province, and the diocese (I class)
Anniversary of the dedication of the diocesan cathedral (I class)
Anniversary of the dedication of the particular church (I class)
Feast of the titular saint of the particular church or religious order or congregation (I class)
Feast of the saint-founder of a religious order or congregation (I class)
Feasts of the secondary patrons of the nation, the ecclesiastical or civil region or province, and the diocese (II class)
Feasts of certain saints proper to a particular church or region (e.g., a saint whose body is preserved in a particular church) (II class)
Feast of the beatified founder of a religious order or congregation (II class)
Feasts of certain saints with some particular significance for a particular place, town, city, or region (e.g., a saint who was born in, had prolonged residence in, or died in a given place, town, city, or region) (II or III class or commemoration)
Other proper feasts inscribed in the local calendar of the diocese (III class or commemoration)

See also
Namesdays
Moveable feast
List of saints
General Roman Calendar
Tridentine Calendar
General Roman Calendar of 1954
General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
General Roman Calendar of 1969

Notes

References

Liturgical calendars of the Catholic Church
Tridentine Mass
1960 in Christianity
Canon law history


Ōmana Regional Park is situated south-east of Auckland and just west of Maraetai, in the Franklin area of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is owned and managed by Auckland Council.

Geography

The park is located on a gently contoured knoll, which rises 40 meters above sea level. From the highest point looking inland, visitors can see from Maraetai to the Beachlands settlements. Looking seaward, there are views of the Hauraki Gulf.

The eastern boundary is the Whitford-Maraetai road which is separated from view by a strip of mature native bush. There are 40.81 hectares of park of which about 20 hectares are used to graze sheep and the rest is used for recreational activities. The western boundary is the brackish Te Puru Creek.

Birds

At least twenty-six different types of bird are found in the park. natives include: pied stilt, pūkeko (Porphyrio melanotus),
kererū, tui which appears almost black except for a white tuft under its chin, fantail, grey warbler, red-billed gull, southern black-backed gull (see kelp gull), South Island pied oystercatcher and the closely related variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor), pied shag, kingfisher, and white-faced heron. The white-fronted tern can be found resting on the greywacke outcrops which become visible at low tide.

Geology

The beach and extensive rock platform, form the northern boundary of the park. The whole of Omana Regional Park is underlain at a depth of 30 – 100m by ancient greywacke (a harder basement sedimentary rock). The greywacke belongs to the Waiheke group. The softer more recent sandstone is of the Waitamata group.

The layered sandstones and siltstones (mudstones) are seen in the cliff faces and also form the shore platform around the north
and west sides of the park. These softer, generally yellow-brown rocks are approximately 19-20 million years old and are made up of the Waitamata formation (East Coast Bays facies) of early Miocene (Late Otaian) age. Distortion and faulted dipping, of this once soft strata, can be seen both in the cliffs and in the small ridges of the rock platform extending out from the beach at low tide.

What makes an interesting discovery is that protruding through the softer yellow-brown sedimentary sandstone and mudstone layers, there are ancient (200-million-year-old) tips of greywacke sea stacks from the Jurassic age. They are older and harder (cut or formed from the original 200-million-year-old greywacke about 25 million years ago). They are about 1–2 meters high and are found in the shore platform, about 200 metres east of the park at Omana Beach.

Holocene sands (less than 7000 years old) form the flat area behind Omana Beach and at Te Puru Creek.

Simplified geological overview

200 - 150 million years ago sand eroded from the super-continent Gondwana into a deep trough in the sea floor. These deposits were kilometers thick and compressed, folded and heated became hard greywacke.

150 - 120 million years ago The hard greywacke was uplifted and became the first mountainous backbone of New Zealand. 120 - 70 million years ago the mountain ranges were eroded to a great degree. 35 – 15 million years ago the sea completely covered much of New Zealand. During this long quiet period, sediments were deposited over the old basement rock and gradually metamorphosed into sandstones. 15 – 5 million years ago The greywackes were again uplifted (Late Miocene). This second set of earth movements, known as the Kaikoura Orogeny, elevated large fault-bounded blocks to form the horsts (upfaulted blocks of land) of the Hunua and Coromandel Ranges, and threw down the grabens (down-faulted blocks) of the Firth of Thames and Hauraki Gulf which Omana now overlooks.

Vegetation

Apart from the pohutukawa and grass areas, there is a southern patch of mature tanekaha and a northern patch of pūriri (ripe red berries) and taraire. Other large trees include rewarewa, mapou, kowhai, totara, tree ferns, cabbage trees, and kahikatea. Kanuka can be found on the slopes of the Te Puru creek (the estuarine mangrove salt marsh).

Intertidal ecology

The intertidal ecology is mainly composed of three areas:

Rocky shore platform with small pools at low tide on north and west of the park are occupied by small barnacles, rock oysters, Neptune's necklace (a sea weed) and tube worms.
Sand and mudflats surrounding the shore platform contain cockles, pipi (Paphies australis), crabs and Polychaete worms. Because of the cockle bed out in the sea, the cockle shells wash up high on the beach during storms. The sand can be found underneath.
Mangroves with mud snails (Amphibola crenata), small mussels and barnacles.

History

Ōmana Regional Park has been a traditional home for Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki for generations. The name Ōmana is a shortening of Ōmanawatere ("The Place of Manawatere"), referring to the name of a Ngāi Tai ancestor. According to legend, "This man Manawatere came from Hawaiki, he did not come in a canoe (waka), he glided over the ripples of the waves". The ARC information board beside the pa says he rode on the back of a taniwha.

On the perimeter track, visitors will find a grassed area, overlooking the sea, which was the original site of a Ngai Tai pā. (see Maori Pa). This grassed area has a deep ditch whose internal bank would have once been much higher and topped with a strong palisade of posts. O-Manawatere is a relatively small pā.

The park was part of William Fairburn's Maraetai Mission Station, which operated from 1837 to 1842. It was one of the first European farms in eastern Auckland. The forest covering the park and surrounding area was felled for timber by European settlers who cleared the land for farming during the mid-1840s. Kauri felled in the Maraetai hills behind Omana was hauled by bullock teams down to the sea and then floated to mills in Auckland. The Omana park area was also dug for kauri gum and even prospected for gold and silver. In 1852 following the discovery of gold in Coromandel many searched the hills digging shafts wherever quartz veins could be located.

The area was farmed continuously, since the development of the mission until 1970, when it was purchased by the Auckland Regional Council to be developed into a regional park.

Gallery

References

External links

Auckland Regional Parks - Omana
Gives descriptions of geology of Duder park, Waiheke and Hunua etc

Franklin Local Board Area
Regional parks of the Auckland Region
Tourist attractions in the Auckland Region
Pōhutukawa Coast