Gregoria (Greek: Γρηγορία, fl. 641) was the Byzantine empress as the wife of Constantine III. She participated in the minority regency government of her son, Constans II, in 641–650.

Life
She was a daughter of Niketas, a first cousin of Heraclius who had led an overland invasion of Roman Egypt in 608 in the revolt which elevated Heraclius to the throne.
Niketas fought against the representatives of Phocas in Egypt and seems to have secured control of the province by 610.

On 5 October 610, Heraclius succeeded Phocas as the emperor. Niketas was rewarded with the social rank of patrician and the military position of Comes Excubitorum, commander of the Excubitors. He seems to have remained in control of Egypt and took part in the defense against the invasion of Khosrau II of the Sassanid Empire. Egypt was lost to Khosrau in 618 but Niketas survived. Niketas was then appointed Exarch of the Exarchate of Africa. His term started in 619 and lasted to his death in 628/629.

Her paternal grandfather was Gregorius, brother to Heraclius the Elder. Heraclius had been appointed Exarch of Africa by Maurice and lived to support the revolt of his son. But not to its conclusion. Gregorius seems to have served under the command of his brother but the extent of his role is unknown.

Empress

Gregoria was betrothed to her second cousin Constantine III, only known son of Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia. Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father on 22 January 613.

Their marriage took place in 629/630. The groom was about seventeen years old. Gregoria was likely of equivalent age. She had arrived to Constantinople from the Western Pentapolis in Cyrenaica. Since Cyrenaica was in the territory of her father Niketas, Gregoria is assumed to have been brought up under his supervision instead of that of her father-in-law.  She was the junior Empress with Martina as the senior one.

Gregoria and her husband had at least two sons. Constans II was born on 7 November 630. According to Theophanes, a second son was named Theodosius. He was executed by Constans in 659/660. A genealogical theory also adds a daughter to the list of children. The daughter is given as Manyanh, a purported granddaughter of Heraclius and wife of Yazdgerd III.

Heraclius died on 11 February 641. Constantine III became senior emperor with his paternal half-brother Heraklonas as his co-ruler. Constantine died of tuberculosis between April and May of the same year. A revolt in favor of Constans resulted in the deposition of Heraklonas by September. Her son was a minor until 650, and Gregoria was most likely regent during his minority, but her acts as regent is not mentioned in Byzantine sources.

References

External links
The pages of "Heraclius" dealing with Niketas and Egypt
The page of "The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire", vol. 2 dealing with Heraclius of Edessa

7th-century births
7th-century deaths
Heraclian dynasty
7th-century Byzantine empresses
7th-century women regents
Mothers of Byzantine emperors
Byzantine regents


In general surgery, a Roux-en-Y anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y, is an end-to-side surgical anastomosis of bowel used to reconstruct the gastrointestinal tract.  Typically, it is between stomach and small bowel that is distal (or further down the gastrointestinal tract) from the cut end.

Overview
The name is derived from the surgeon who first described it (César Roux) and the stick-figure representation. Diagrammatically, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis looks a little like the letter Y.

Typically, the two upper limbs of the Y represent (1) the proximal segment of stomach and the distal small bowel it joins with and (2) the blind end that is surgically divided off, and the lower part of the Y is formed by the distal small bowel beyond the anastomosis.

Roux-en-Ys are used in several operations and collectively called Roux operations.

When describing the surgery, the Roux limb is the efferent or antegrade limb that serves as the primary recipient of food after the surgery, while the hepatobiliary or afferent limb that anastomoses with the biliary system serves as the recipient for biliary secretions, which then travel through the excluded small bowel to the distal anastomosis at the mid jejunum to aid digestion. The altered anatomy can contribute to indigestion following surgery. The procedure has also been associated with an increased incidence of iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia develops in up to 45% of people who have had a Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Operations that make use of a Roux-en-Y
 Some gastric bypasses for obesity.
 Multiple failed nissen fundoplication surgeries.
 Roux-en-Y reconstruction following partial or complete gastrectomy for stomach cancer.
 Roux-en-Y hepatico jejuno stomy used to treat (macroscopic) bile duct obstruction which may arise due to:
 a common bile duct tumour or hepatic duct tumour (e.g. resection of cholangiocarcinoma)
 a bile duct injury (e.g. cholecystectomy, iatrogenic, trauma)
 an infection/inflammation (e.g. pancreatic pseudocyst)
 Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy – indications same as Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
 Roux-en-Y pancreas transplant
 Roux-en-Y pancreas reconstruction after blunt abdominal trauma.
 Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy or choledochojejunostomy with gastrojejunostomy as palliation for irresectable pancreatic head cancer.

References

External links
 Anastomoses – thefreedictionary.com.

Digestive system surgery
General surgery
Stomach


César Roux (23 March 1857, in Mont-la-Ville – 21 December 1934, in Lausanne) was a Swiss surgeon, who described the Roux-en-Y procedure.

He studied medicine at the University of Bern, where his influences included Christoph Theodor Aeby and Theodor Langhans. Following graduation in 1880, he remained in Bern as an assistant to Theodor Kocher. In 1887 he became chief of both surgical departments at the cantonal hospital in Lausanne.

In 1885 he was named an associate professor of forensic medicine at the Academy of Lausanne, and when the academy achieved university status in 1890, he was appointed director of the surgical clinic at the faculty of medicine.

In 1926, Roux performed the first successful surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.

References

Swiss surgeons
1857 births
1934 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Lausanne
University of Bern alumni
People from the canton of Vaud


Irinel Popescu (born on 22 April 1953) is a Romanian surgeon, specialized in hepato-pancrato-biliary surgery, and a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy (since November 2013). In 2000, he introduced liver transplantation in Romania and in 2008, he also firstly brought robotic surgery to this country.

Career
Irinel Popescu was born in Filiași, Dolj County, graduated in 1977 the Faculty of Medicine at the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest.

After 1995, he took part in the construction of the Romanian organ transplantation program. In 1999, Popescu became Professor of Surgery at the Carol Davila UMF and Head of the Department of Surgery at the Fundeni Clinical Institute. In 2000, he obtained the certificates of the Ministry of Health of specialization in liver surgery and liver transplantation, oncological surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and medical management of health. Also in 2000, he introduced liver transplantation at the clinical level (the first successful surgeries on an adult, with a whole liver, and a child, with a fragment of a liver) in the Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Fundeni. Currently, the number of transplant surgeries has exceeds 1,000.

He also had important contributions to establishing transplantation programs in the Republican Hospital in Chișinău (2013), the Sfânta Maria Hospital in Bucharest (2013), and the Sfântul Spiridon Hospital in Iași (2016). In 2006, he founded ARCHBPTH (Romanian Association of Hepato-bilio-pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation).

In 2008, Popescu introduced robotic surgery in Romania.

Since 2012, he has been the Head of the Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation – Fundeni Clinical Institute. In 2012, he won a European funded project for the construction of the Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) within the Fundeni Clinical Institute. The center was inaugurated in March 2016 with laboratories of pathology, molecular biology, cell cultures, a  tumor bank, and a laboratory of experimental surgery.

As the coordinator of numerous research projects, he obtained the title of Scientific Researcher first degree (2019) and made important contributions to the genomics of pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma.

Since 2016, he has been a professor in the School of Medicine at Titu Maiorescu University, where he established the Nicolae Cajal Medical Research Institute. In 2020, he was appointed Associated Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Dunărea de Jos University in Galați, Enna extension (Italy), and received the title of Professor Emeritus of Dunărea de Jos University (2020). He was also appointed Visiting Professor at the University of Belgrade (2019) and at the Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Chișinău, Moldova.

Selected Books
 The IASGO Textbook of multidisciplinary management of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Norihiro Kokudo, Irinel Popescu, Jaques Belghiti, Ho-Song Han, Kyoichi Takaori, Dan G. Duda (Editors), Springer Nature, 2022.
 Liver surgery, Irinel Popescu (Editor) (2 vols), University Publishing House "Carol Davila" Bucharest 2004 (Iuliu Hațieganu prize of the Romanian Academy)
Liver Transplantation, Irinel Popescu (editor), Academiei Publishing House, 2011.
Textbook of hepato-bilio-pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation, Irinel Popescu (Editor), Romanian Academy Publishing House 2016,
Textbook of Surgery - (10 volumes), Irinel Popescu (Editor) - Publishing House of the Romanian Academy 2007 - 2009,
Textbook of Surgery 2nd edition (12 volumes), Irinel Popescu, Constantin Ciuce (Editors), Romanian Academy Publishing House, 2011–2013
 The Flying Publisher Guide to Hepatitis C Treatment, Costin Cernescu, Simona Ruta, Liana Gheorghe, Speranța Iacob, Irinel Popescu, Richard Sebastian Wanless, Edition 2011, Flying Publisher & Kamps. .
 Minimally invasive surgery - advanced techniques, C. Dragomirescu, I. Popescu (under the editorship), Celsius Publishing House, Bucharest, 2000, Iuliu Hațieganu prize of the Romanian Academy.

Publised papers
 As of 2023: 526 papers listed on Web of Science, 7,299 citations, h-index 45.

Doctor Honoris Causa
 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (2006)
 Ovidius University, Constanța, Romania (2007)
 Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova (2010)
 Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (2012)
 University Apollonia, Iași, Romania (2018)
 University of Galați, Romania (2019)
 Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania (2023)

Selected administrative appointements
 Director of the Postgraduate Training Institute for Doctors and Pharmacists (1998)
 Secretary of State at the Ministry of Health (1999–2001)
 Medical Director of  Fundeni Clinical Institute (2000–2004)
 Senator – Chairman of the Committee on Education, Youth and Sport (2004–2008)
 President of the National Insurance House (2009)

Selected Awards and honors
 Iuliu Hațieganu Award of the Romanian Academy (2000)
 Award of the Romanian College of Physicians (2001) for achievements in surgery

Selected Medals
 Order of the Crown of Romania, Officer rank (2013)
 Order of the Star of Romania, Grand Cross rank (2013)
 Ordre national du Mérite (France) (2011)
 Order of the Republic (Moldova) (2013)

Bibliography
 Dora Petrila, "Conversations with surgeon Irinel Popescu", Humanitas Publishing House, Bucharest, 2003
 http://www.irinel-popescu.ro Archived April 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
 https://www.romtransplant.ro/en/history-of-transplant/ Archived November 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
 Otovescu Dumitru - Irinel Popescu or the triumph of liver transplantation in Romania, Beladi Publishing House, Craiova, 2014
 Victor Tomulescu, Catalin Copaescu: "Robotic surgery in Romania" in Victor Voicu, Irinel Popescu (coordinators): "Files from the history of Romanian medicine", Romanian Academy Publishing House, Bucharest, 2020
 How many glasses of wine can we drink per day. Professor Irinel Popescu: "I went to a clinic in Germany and there I spoke with a doctor who had a broader and open view of medicine"
 The surgeon is no longer alone - dialogue with Prof. Dr. Irinel POPESCU
 Food that is good to eat daily. Prof. Dr. Irinel Popescu: "Other than that, we have to vary!"
 https://www.utm.ro/facultatea-de-medicina/cadre-didactice/
 University Prof. dr. Irinel Popescu – the father of liver transplantation in Romania, will receive the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of UMF Iasi
 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irinel-Popescu-2
 From 2015, the Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine will operate in Fundeni
 Exclusive - Prof. Dr. Irinel Popescu, "the father of liver transplantation", revelations about his remarkable career
 http://transplant.ro/consiliu/
 https://www.utm.ro/cercetare-stiintifica/institutul-de-cercetari-stiintifice-medicale-nicolae-cajal/personal-de-cercetare/
 https://iasgo.org/index.php/component/content/article/8-general-articles/69-pancreatic-cancer
 Impact of Sustained Virological Response on Metabolic Profile and Kidney Function in Cured HCV Liver Transplant Recipients
 Parenchyma Sparing ALPPS - A New Technical Variant. Case Presentation (with video)
 https://www.utm.ro/en/irinel-popescu/

References

External links
Irinel Popescu: Un virtuoz al bisturiului .
 Site Irinel Popescu
 Irinel Popescu: România ar putea ajunge pe primele locuri în lume privind transplanturile hepatice
 Irinel Popescu: 2013, anul Romaniei la transplant; rata de donare depinde de acceptul familiei
 Chirurgul nu mai este singur. Dialog cu Irinel Popescu
 http://www.chirurgiehbp.ro
 https://www.romtransplant.ro/ro/acasa/
 https://icfundeni.ro/

1953 births
Living people
People from Filiași
Romanian transplant surgeons
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy alumni
Conservative Party (Romania) politicians
Members of the Senate of Romania
Honorary members of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Academic staff of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Officers of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Recipients of the Order of the Republic (Moldova)
Recipients of the Ordre national du Mérite


KHKM (98.7 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Hamilton, Montana, serving the Missoula, Montana area. KHKM airs a Christian country music format.

History
In January 2012, KBQQ and its oldies format moved from 106.7 FM Pinesdale, Montana to 98.7 FM Hamilton, Montana, swapping frequencies with CHR-formatted KXDR. In May 2012, KBQQ changed its call sign to KHKM and changed its format to classic country, branded as "98.7 The Hawk".

On September 14, 2018, KHKM changed its format from classic country to variety hits, branded as "Max 98.7 & 96.9".

On June 14, 2022, it was announced that K245AP would drop its simulcast with KHKM and would be replaced with the "Zoo-FM" branding, which would move from KENR, as KHKM was being sold to Legacy Broadcasting and would change its format to its Today's Christian Country network.

References

External links

Radio stations established in 1998
HKM


Ettenhausen is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1278 as Oetenhusen.

The municipality also contained the village Iltishausen. It had 321 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 395 in 1950 and 941 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Aadorf.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Saint Isidora, or Saint Isidore, was a Christian nun and saint of the 4th century AD. She is considered among the earliest fools for Christ. While very little is known of Isidora's life, she is remembered for her exemplification of the writing of St. Paul that “Whosoever of you believes that he is wise by the measure of this world, may he become a fool, so as to become truly wise.” The story of Isidora effectively highlights the Christian ideal that recognition or glory from man is second to one's actions being seen by God, even if that means one's actions or even one's self remains unknown or misunderstood. This ideal was extremely important to the early Desert Fathers and Mothers who recorded Isidora's story.

Early life
There are few biographical details concerning the life of Saint Isidora. Most of what is known can be found in the Lausiac History (Historia Lausiaca) written in 419-420 by Palladius of Galatia, at the request of Lausus, chamberlain at the court of the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II. While other texts from this time mention the story of St. Isidora, the Lausiac History is the most commonly referenced text about the saint's life.

Isidora's birthdate is unknown, as is her age at the time she joined the Tabenna Monastery in Egypt. Tabenna, or Tabennesi, was the original monastery established by St. Pachomius sometime after 325 AD. Prior to that time, the tradition was for monastics to live alone as hermits or anchorites, each devoted to a Monastic rule they had individually received from God. St. Pachomius believed that groups of monastics living together would be able to better support each other in their devotion to Monastic rules and under the guidance of the Holy Spirit and his elder Palaemon, traveled to Tabennesi to establish his monastery. Subsequently, Pachomius's sister Maria, with his help, established a woman's monastery near her brother's, creating the first full community for women in Egypt.

It is unknown what year St Isidora came to the monastery established by Maria or how old she was at the time, however it is the events at the monastery that provide the few biographical details in existence.

The Monastery at Tabenna
At the time Isidora lived at the monastery, it is believed about four hundred women lived and worked there, devoting themselves to monastic life. As part of the community at the monastery, Isidora remained a type of outsider, known to wander about in the kitchen, focused on doing every type of menial job to be found. She was commonly referred to as "the monastery sponge," referring to the fact that she occupied herself by doing the dirtiest of jobs at the monastery. While it was said that Isidora was tonsured when joining the monastery, she stood apart from the other sisters by wearing a rag (most likely a dish towel from the kitchen) on her head. This type of head covering was in sharp contrast to the standard tonsure or cowls worn by the other sisters.

Madness
By all accounts, Isidora maintained a pattern of erratic behavior for which the other sisters at the monastery considered her "insane" or "demon possessed". In the Lausiac History, Palladius writes that Isidora “feigned madness and possession by a demon”, though no examples of her behavior are provided. However, her behavior was enough to alienate her from the other sisters and due to this perception of “madness” she was treated with derision and open contempt, sometimes being beaten for her behavior.

Palladius writes that Isidora was detested to the point that the other sisters would not eat with her (something that she purportedly preferred). It was noted that none of the four hundred sisters ever saw Isidora “chewing” (eating a formal meal) during the years of her life. Rather Palladius writes “she never sat at table, nor partook of a piece of bread, but wiping up the crumbs from the tables and washing the kitchen pots she was content with what she got in this way”, suggesting that Isidora subsisted mainly on crumbs left behind from the other sisters and the dishwater she used for cleaning. Palladius also writes that despite everything, “never did she insult any one nor grumble nor talk either little or much, although she was cuffed and insulted and cursed and execrated.”

Referenced in all accounts of Isidora, is that her madness or possession was “feigned” or a matter of pretend. Isidora's dedication to her Christianity led her to manifest the words of St. Paul who wrote “Whosoever of you believes that he is wise by the measure of this world, may he become a fool, so as to become truly wise.” The implication being that Isidora's commitment to her faith lead her to outwardly act as an afflicted person (keeping her true intentions to herself), while inwardly her suffering for the sake of being a “fool” became an act of worship.

Meeting St Pitirim
According to Palladius, at this time, living in the desert as a hermit or anchorite was Saint Pitirim (also Piteroum) who was well known and respected. As he was praying one day, an Angel appeared to him and asked, "Why are you proud of yourself for being religious and dwelling in a place like this? Do you want to see a woman who is more religious than you? Go to the monastery of the Tabennesi women and there you will find a woman wearing a crown on her head. She is better than you. For though she spars with so great a crowd, she has never let her heart go away from God. But you sit here and wander in imagination through the different cities."

After the appearance of the Angel, Saint Piteroum (who was said to have “never gone out”) sought permission from the spiritual leaders to visit the Convent. Since Piteroum was a renowned Elder and advanced in age, he was granted leave for the visit.

Upon arriving at the monastery, Piteroum asked to see all of the sisters. As he met each one, he did not see the one to which the Angel had referred as “wearing a crown on her head”. Piteroum asked if this was in fact all of the sisters in the monastery. They replied to him that there was a “sale” or mentally afflicted member of the community still working in the kitchen. Piteroum asked to see her as well. The sisters began to call for her, but Isidora did not answer. It is believed that Isidora's refusal to answer was due to her perceiving what was happening or even by possibly having a revelation. Lacking any response from Isidora, the sisters found and took hold of her, dragging her to Piteroum. When she was brought before Piteroum, he perceived the rag on her forehead (in some accounts he saw a crown appear above her) and he fell at her feet and said “Bless me”. Isidora fell before Piteroum in a like manner and asked “Do you bless me, Master?"

Witnessing this, the other sisters were shocked and said to Piteroum, “Father, do not let her insult you, she is sale”. Piteroum quickly replied to all by saying “You are sale. For she is Mother (Spiritual leader) both of me and you and I pray to be found worthy of her in the day of judgement”.

Having heard this, all of the other sisters fell at the feet of Piteroum and began to confess the ways in which they had mistreated Isidora; One sister claiming she had poured plate rinsings over her, another that she had physically hit her; another that she had applied a plaster over her nose. Eventually all the sisters confessed to abuses of some kind or another against Isidora. Piteroum then prayed with them all and went away.

Flight from monastery
Upon Piteroum's departure, treatment of Isidora changed dramatically within the monastery, as the sisters continued to ask her for forgiveness and began to revere Isidora as blessed. However, after a few days, unable to bear the glory and honor bestowed by the sisters, and burdened by their apologies, Isidora left the monastery.

Later life and death
After leaving the monastery, Isidora essentially disappeared. No stories, records or texts exist that indicate where she might have traveled to, how she lived, or how she died. Most modern scholarship suggests she died no later than the year 365 AD.

Canonization
The date of canonization for Saint Isidora is unknown. Having lived before the Sacred Congregation of Rites founded by Pope Sixtus V in 1588 (now the Congregation for the Causes of Saints), the records of Isidora's Canonization have been lost if ever they existed. During Isidora's life time, the process for canonization fell under Pre-Congregation, where designates for Sainthood could be canonized by a local bishop or primate based on devotion, which is likely what took place with her cause.

The Feast day of Isidora is celebrated by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church on May 1 and may also be on May 10.

References

4th-century births
360s deaths
4th-century Roman women
Late Ancient Christian female saints
4th-century Christian saints


Beaupuy is the name of the following communes in France:

 Beaupuy, Gers
 Beaupuy, Haute-Garonne
 Beaupuy, Lot-et-Garonne
 Beaupuy, Tarn-et-Garonne


Hendrick Stanbury "Taffy" Waye (13 December 1877 – 7 July 1961) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Sturt in the South Australian Football Association (SAFA) during the early 1900s.

Waye played a total of 71 games for Sturt from his debut in 1902 to his last season in 1910. Strong around the ruck and in front of goal, Waye won the Magarey Medal in 1903. He also topped his club's goalkicking five times during his career. At interstate level he represented South Australia regularly, appearing in a total of eight games. He occupies a forward pocket in Sturt's official "Team of the Century".

On 14 August 2011, Waye was selected in the Southern Football League's 125th anniversary team in the forward pocket and second ruck due to his service for the Willunga Football Club.  Waye was the only player selected in both the SFL's Greatest Team and Greatest Exports Team.

Taffy Waye was known to ride 25 miles on horseback from Willunga to Unley to train and play for Sturt in 1903, regularly filling in for Willunga between league games at Sturt.

On 26 July 2015, Taffy Waye was inducted into the Southern Football League Hall of Fame in recognition of his service as a player within that league.

References

External links

 SFL 125 Year Team

1877 births
Magarey Medal winners
Sturt Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Southern Football League (South Australia) players
Australian military personnel of World War I
People from Willunga, South Australia
1961 deaths


Enger Tower is an , five-story stone observation tower atop Enger Hill in Duluth, Minnesota.

Description

Enger Tower stands above Lake Superior, providing panoramic views of the Twin Ports. The landmark is near Skyline Parkway Scenic Byway, a 28-mile byway route with scenic views of Lake Superior.  Each of the tower's levels has windows that are accessible by stairs. A green beacon mounted on top of the tower can be seen for many miles. Originally the second floor contained several balcony sections. The balconies eventually fell into disrepair and were removed. Their former entrances were blocked with metal bars. Enger Tower is often lit up in honor of major events.

History
Enger Tower was built as a tribute to businessman and philanthropist, Bert Enger (1864-1931). Enger was a Norwegian immigrant who first ran an unsuccessful business in Pine City, but later found success in Duluth as a furniture seller. Enger bequeathed a sizable portion of his estate to the city of Duluth. This included the land known as Enger Hill which includes Enger Park and Enger Golf Course.

The tower was first dedicated by Crown Prince Olav and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway on June 15, 1939. Enger Tower and Park were renovated during 2011. The royal couple of Norway, King Harald V, and his wife Queen Sonja, came to re-dedicate the newly renovated tower on October 17, 2011, which his parents had dedicated 72 years before.

Gallery

See also
Leif Erikson (ship)

References

Related Reading
Van Brunt,  Walter   (1921) Duluth and St. Louis County, Minnesota; Their Story and People (American historical society)
Johnson, Nathan (2014) Legendary Locals of Pine City (Arcadia Publishing)

External links
Enger Tower Duluth

Towers in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Duluth, Minnesota
Tourist attractions in Duluth, Minnesota
Observation towers in the United States
Duluth, Minnesota


The West Virginia Wildfire is a women's American football team in the Women's Spring Football League since 2011.  The first women's football team in West Virginia, the Wildfire is based in the city of Belle.

In their inaugural season, the WildKats were known as the West Virginia Wonders and played in the National Women's Football Association.  After that inaugural season, the team was originally set to play in the Women's Football Alliance for 2009 as the West Virginia WildKats, but then they decided to take the next two seasons off to reorganize further.

In 2012, the Wildfire won their first ever championship, winning the WSFL's 8-man division title.
In 2013, the Wildfire beat the Binghamton Tigercats 44–8 to win their second consecutive WSFL 8-man title.

Season-by-season

|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | West Virginia Wonders (NWFA)
|-
|2008 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 4th North Central || --
|-
|2009 || colspan="6" rowspan="2" align="center" | Did Not Play
|-
|2010
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | West Virginia Wildfire (WSFL)
|-
|2011 || 0 || 3 || 1 || -- || --
|-
|2012 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 1st 8-man division || Champions
|-
|2013 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 1st 8-man division || Champions
|-
!Totals || 11 || 13 || 1
|colspan="2"| (including playoffs)

External links
West Virginia Wildfire website

National Women's Football Association teams
Women's Spring Football League teams
Sports in Charleston, West Virginia
American football teams in West Virginia
American football teams established in 2008
2008 establishments in West Virginia
Women's sports in West Virginia


Bédeille is the name of the following communes in France:

 Bédeille, Ariège, in the Ariège department
 Bédeille, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department


Chenggao is an ancient city in present-day Sishui, which is under the jurisdiction of Xingyang City in Henan Province, People's Republic of China.

References
Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 4

Cities in Henan


On the American Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway, locomotive number 525 was the only steam locomotive in SP&S class O-2.  It was originally built for Northern Pacific by the Schenectady Locomotive Works.  Builders number 46878 was built in February 1910.

Background
In the early 1920s the SP&S had experienced an increase in traffic, especially logging traffic off the Portland, Astoria and Pacific and United Railways west of Portland, Oregon.  To help handle this tonnage, several locomotives were leased from the Great Northern Railway and Northern Pacific Railway.  To offset these costs, several of these locomotives were sold by the parent roads to the SP&S.  Number 525 was one of these locomotives.

Operational history
Number 525 was officially bought by the SP&S on November 30, 1925.  It was used on the mainline because it was able to haul heavier eastbound trains upgrade out of Pasco, Washington.  Over time, as newer locomotives were obtained by the SP&S, number 525 was demoted to local or work service, or used on doubleheaded mainline trains.  By late 1942 and early 1943, 525 was assigned to the Vancouver, Washington, yard as a switch locomotive.  Number 525 was finally scrapped in 1947.

Numbering
SP&S number 525 was originally NP number 1698, in class W-1.

Disposition
SP&S Number 525 was dismantled on October 31, 1947.

References

Steam locomotives of the United States
O-2
ALCO locomotives
2-8-2 locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States


Spokane Portland and Seattle Railway's E-1 class was a class of the only three 4-8-4 locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1938. The E-1 class "Northerns" were very similar to the A-2 through the A-5 class "Northerns" on the Northern Pacific Railroad built by Baldwin from 1934–1943.
Visually, the locos are near-identical. The only difference is that the Northern Pacific Railroad 4-8-4s burn coal and the 4-8-4s on the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railroad burn oil (and have a longer, wider range as a result).

Preservation
There is only one survivor and it is the  first of the class built. No. 700, which was restored in 1990 by, and is currently maintained by, the Pacific Railroad Preservation Association. Nos. 701 and 702 were both scrapped after they were retired. Since mid-2012, and also since No. 700 Back-Strikes,  it resides at the Oregon Rail Heritage Center in Portland, Oregon where the public can view it during the center's opening days. No. 700 is taken on special trips once or twice a year. However, as of April 2021, No. 700 is currently out of service while it undergoes its Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) mandated 1,472-day inspection and overhaul.

Roster

References

E-1
4-8-4 locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1938
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States


Bélesta is the name or part of the name of the following communes in France:

 Bélesta, Ariège, in the Ariège department
 Bélesta, Pyrénées-Orientales, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department
 Bélesta-en-Lauragais, in the Haute-Garonne department


The Government of Indianapolis—officially the Consolidated City of Indianapolis and Marion County—is a strong-mayor form of mayor-council government system. Local government is headquartered downtown at the City-County Building.

Since 1970, Indianapolis and Marion County have operated as a consolidated city-county government called Unigov. The executive branch is headed by the mayor who serves as the chief executive and administrative officer for both the city and county. The Indianapolis City-County Council is a unicameral legislative body consisting of 25 members, each elected from a geographic district. The mayor and council members are elected to unlimited four-year terms. The judicial branch consists of the Marion Circuit and Superior Courts. The municipal budget for 2024 is nearly $1.6 billion. The city-county government employs about 8,000 full-time employees.

Marion County contains nine civil townships that function independently from the city-county government under Indiana Code. Each township consists of an elected township trustee, a three-member board, an assessor, and a constable and small claims court judge, all of whom serve four-year terms.

History

Citizens Energy Group is responsible for city water, wastewater, and stormwater systems. These were previously operated by the City's Department of Waterworks through a contract with Veolia. However, the transfer of the water and wastewater systems to Citizens Energy Group was approved by the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission on July 13, 2011. The transfer of the systems to Citizens Energy Group was completed on August 26, 2011. Citizens is a public charitable trust that is operated for the benefit of its customers; it was acquired by the city of Indianapolis in 1933.

Executive branch

City administration
Despite the nature of a unified city-county government, several bureaucratic functions remain separate. For example, Marion County's nine civil townships retained autonomy under Unigov. This resulted in maintaining separate public services, such as independent school districts or fire departments, that would have otherwise been consolidated into single entities.

Office of the Mayor

The Mayor of Indianapolis is the chief executive and administrative officer of both the city and county. The mayor's chief duties include ensuring city-county ordinances are executed and enforced in accordance with applicable state and local law; appointing department heads and one or more deputy mayors, subject to City-County Council approval; and supervising the work of the city-county's departments, special taxing districts, and special service districts. The mayor is directly elected by popular vote for four-year, unlimited terms.

Departments

 Indianapolis Department of Business and Neighborhood Services (BNS)
 Indianapolis Department of Metropolitan Development (DMD)
 Indianapolis Department of Parks and Recreation (Indy Parks)
 Indianapolis Department of Public Works (DPW)
 Indianapolis Fire Department (IFD)
 Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD)

Offices

 Office of Audit and Performance
 Office of Corporation Counsel
 Office of Education Innovation
 Office of Finance and Management (City Controller)
 Office of Minority and Women Business Development
 Office of Public Health and Safety

County administration
Heads of county offices are elected by the citizens of both Indianapolis and Marion County.

Offices

 Marion County Assessor's Office
 Marion County Auditor's Office
 Marion County Clerk's Office
 Marion County Coroner's Office
 Marion County Prosecutor's Office
 Marion County Recorder's Office
 Marion County Sheriff's Office
 Marion County Surveyor's Office
 Marion County Treasurer's Office

Boards and agencies

 Marion County Board of Commissioners
 Marion County Board of Voters Registration
 Marion County Election Board
 Marion County Public Defender Agency
 State of Indiana Division of Family Resources
 Indianapolis–Marion County Forensic Services Agency
 Information Services Agency

Municipal corporations
The city-county contains seven independent municipal corporations established by Indiana Code.

 Capital Improvement Board of Marion County (CIB)
 Health and Hospital Corporation of Marion County (HHC)
 Indianapolis Airport Authority
 Indianapolis–Marion County Building Authority
 Indianapolis–Marion County Public Library
 Indianapolis Public Improvement Bond Bank
 Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation (IndyGo)

Legislative branch

Indianapolis City-County Council serves as the legislative body for both Indianapolis and Marion County. The council is composed of 25 members elected to four-year renewable terms, each representing an electoral district. The council is responsible for reviewing and adopting budgets and appropriations. It can also enact, repeal, or amend ordinances, and make appointments to certain boards and commissions, among other duties.

Prior to the 2015 Indianapolis City-County Council election, the council included four at-large seats, for a total of 29 seats. In 2013, the Indiana General Assembly passed Senate Enrolled Act 621 which, among other changes to city-county government, eliminated the council's four at-large seats. The controversial bill was signed into law by Governor Mike Pence.

Judicial branch
 Marion Circuit Court
 Marion Superior Court

Township government

State government

Federal government

References

External links

 www.indy.gov
 Revised Code of the Consolidated City and County Indianapolis/Marion County, Indiana from Municode


Aawangen is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was probably first recorded in 844 as Oninwanc.

The municipality also contained the villages Bürg, Friedtal, Huzenwil, Moos and Häuslenen. It had 473 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 400 in 1870, 656 in 1960 and 1051 in 1990.

In 1996 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Aadorf.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Guntershausen bei Aadorf is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1282 as Gundolthuser tal.

The municipality also contained the villages Maischhausen, Tänikon and Wittershausen. It had 473 inhabitants in 1850, which increased to 400 in 1870, 656 in 1960, 1051 in 1990 and 1392 in 2008.

In 1996 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Aadorf.

Notable residents
 Caroline Farner

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


The Seal of Louisville is an emblem used as a visual representation for the city of Louisville, Kentucky. Among other reasons, the seal is used to stamp documents to certify their authenticity. The city had four seals from its formation in 1828 to 2003 before its merger with the Jefferson County, Kentucky government and creating a new joint seal, which was designed during a citywide competition by Louisville native and art director William Glenn Hack.

History
The first seal established in 1828 had a steamboat ascending the falls heading to a wharf laden with boxes and bales. It was engraved with the words "City of Louisville" at the top and "Perseverando" at the bottom. Perseverando was said to mean "By Persevering" and was a part of the city motto "Industry and punctuality by persevering." This seal would be used until May 6, 1861, when the city council would approve a new seal. The new seal would be inspired by the emergence of the steam locomotive and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. It entailed a locomotive with the words "Progress" included.

The second seal would remain in place for forty-nine years before the year 1910 when citizens started to feel that the locomotive became an outdated symbol for progress. Consequently, the Louisville Convention and Publicity League held a contest to design a new seal. John T. Bauscher won with the design featuring a lady holding a banner with the word "progress" on it in one hand and the other hand overflowing with cornucopia. A train and steamboat were on the sides of her and a tall building was depicted in the background with the words "The Nation's Thorough-fare" on it. This third seal was enacted on December 21, 1910, by the city council.

On November 25, 1953, a new seal designed by Austrian typographer Victor Hammer was adopted following mayor Charles Farnsley's campaign for a simpler seal. This seal was based on the city's origin of its name by implementing three fleur-de-lis in a triangle in the center representing a century of history for each. They were surrounded by thirteen stars representing the original states of the nation and the year 1778 marking the first settlements of the Louisville area. The fleur-de-lis meaning "Lily Flower" was the symbol of King Louis XVI of France, the namesake for Louisville.

The current seal used represents Louisville and Jefferson County following the merger of the governments on January 6, 2003. The seal reads "Louisville – Jefferson County" in a circle around a single fleur-de-lis with two stars and includes the year 1778 (the year Louisville was founded) on both sides. This seal was designed during a citywide competition by Louisville native and art director William Glenn Hack.

See also
Flag of Louisville, Kentucky
Government of Louisville, Kentucky
Seal of Kentucky

References

1828 establishments in Kentucky
1861 establishments in Kentucky
1910 establishments in Kentucky
1953 establishments in Kentucky
2003 establishments in Kentucky
Government of Louisville, Kentucky
Official seals of places in Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky


Kate Jacobs (born January 11, 1959, in Alexandria, Virginia, United States) is an American singer-songwriter.

Biography
Jacobs wanted to become a ballet dancer. Her father was in the United States Foreign Service, and she moved to Austria when she was eleven.

Her family was a singing one, if not formally musical. Her father sang old Tin Pan Alley songs at home, and her mother sang Russian ballads and American standards. At church, she sang songs of the civil rights era and the folk revival, and some songs such as "Up, Up and Away". She was a fan of Fred Astaire, and her disparate musical tastes included standards written by Cole Porter, Irving Berlin, and Johnny Mercer, as well as country music by artists like Loretta Lynn.

During the early 1980s, Jacobs moved to New York City. She continued to dance, but by 1987, she had started to write songs. In 1992, she recorded her first album, The Calm Comes After Bar/None Records. She followed in 1995, with What About Regret.
In 1999, she released her third album, Hydrangea, to which guests Peter Holsapple, Vicki Peterson and Susan Cowsill added their musical contributions, as did long-time cohorts Dave Schramm and James MacMillan. The key songs on the album are taken from her family's history. "Never Be Afraid" is based on a phrase of her Aunt Katia's in 1938 when the family was emigrating to the US; "A Snowy Street" is based on a journal entry of her doctor grandfather in post-revolutionary Russia; "Eddy Went To Spain" is about an uncle who fought in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade for the republican side in the Spanish Civil War, and "Good Doctor" was based on a journal of Elena, a fourteen-year-old Tuberculosis patient of her great grandfather's, who fell in love with her physician.

After Hydrangea, she became busy with her family life, and did not release another album for six years. In 2004, she released her fourth album, You Call That Dark. After a six-year hiatus while she raised two sons, Jacobs, a Hoboken, New Jersey resident since 1981, released her fifth album Home Game in January 2011 through Small Pond Music.

Discography
 The Calm Comes After (Bar/None, 1993)
 What About Regret (Bar/None, 1995)
 Hydrangea (Bar/None, 1998)
 You Call That Dark (Bar/None, 2004)
 Home Game (2011)

References

External links
  Kate Jacobs' homepage
 [  Kate Jacobs] at Allmusic

1959 births
Living people
American folk musicians
Musicians from Alexandria, Virginia
American women singer-songwriters
American folk singers
Musicians from Hoboken, New Jersey
Musicians from Fairfax County, Virginia
Singer-songwriters from Virginia
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Guitarists from Virginia
Guitarists from New Jersey
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American women singers
20th-century American women guitarists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Bar/None Records artists


The SUNTECH Tower (Suntech @ Penang Cybercity) is a business tower in Penang, Malaysia. The tower is the first tower to have MSC designated status. The tower will feature 22 levels (including ground floor), 240 office units (12th-21st floor) and 40 shoplots (Ground floor/1st floor). The office building is located in the Penang Cybercity in the township of Bayan Baru.

Location
Suntech is located in the heart of Bayan Baru township, a rapidly developing township with many facilities under the Penang Cybercity Phase 1.

External links
 SUNTECH @ Penang Cybercity
 Emerald Capital Group

Office buildings completed in 2008
Office buildings in Penang
Skyscraper office buildings in Malaysia
MSC Malaysia
2008 establishments in Malaysia


is the third album released by the Japanese band The Blue Hearts.

It was named one of the top albums from 1989-1998 in a 2004 issue of the music magazine Band Yarouze.

Track listing
"Train-Train" (TRAIN-TRAIN)
"Merry Go Round" (メリーゴーランド)
"Denkō Sekka" (電光石火 Lightning Speed)
"Missile" (ミサイル)
"Boku no Migite" (僕の右手 My Right Hand)
"Mugon Denwa no Burūzu" (無言電話のブルース Silent Telephone Blues)
"Fūsen Bakudan" (風船爆弾 Fire Balloon)
"Love Letter" (ラブレター)
"Nagaremono" (ながれもの Wanderer)
"Burūzu o Ketobase" (ブルースをけとばせ Kick the Blues)
"Aozora" (青空 Blue Sky)
"Omae o Hanasanai" (お前を離さない I Won't Leave You)

References

The Blue Hearts albums
1988 albums


Rukometni klub "Medveščak" is a handball club from Zagreb, Croatia.

They are one of the more famous branches of the Medveščak sports society, named after the Medveščak neighbourhood of Zagreb. They play in the sports and recreational centre Šalata. Through history club was also known as Prvomajska, Coning Medveščak, Medveščak Osiguranje Zagreb, Medveščak Infosistem, Agram Medveščak and Medveščak NFD.

Accomplishments
National Championship of Yugoslavia: 4
 1953, 1954, 1964, 1966
National Cup of Yugoslavia: 7
 1970, 1978, 1981, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990
 EHF Champions League
 runner-up 1964/65
Limburgse Handbal Dagen: 1
 1993

Notable players
{| cellpadding="12"
| valign="top" |
Josip Milković
Zlatko Žagmeštar
Ivan Uremović
Dado Mervar
Zdravko Miljak
Zdenko Zorko
Zdravko Zovko
Željko Zovko
| valign="top" |
Boris Jarak
Goran Perkovac
Dinko Vuleta
Zlatko Saračević
Irfan Smajlagić
Nenad Kljaić
Mirko Bašić
Dobrivoje Selec
Vlado Šola
| valign="top" |
Tomislav Farkaš
Ivo Glavinić
Zvonimir Bilić
Tonči Valčić
Mario Kelentrić
Dragan Jerković
Patrik Ćavar
Renato Sulić
| valign="top" |
Ivan Čupić
Mate Šunjić
Drago Vukić
Damir Bičanić
Jani Čop
Marko Kopljar
Denis Buntić
Ljubo Vukić
Željko Musa
Ante Kostelić
Mario Obad
Vjenceslav Somić
Tomislav Huljina
Vladimir Ostarčević
Franjo Lelić
Zoran Jeftić
Ivan Knežević
Perica Lelić
Nikola Raič
Vladimir Šujster

Famous coaches

Vlado Stenzel (Štencl)
Josip Milković
Velimir Kljaić
Josip Šojat
Abas Arslanagić
Zlatko Lukić
Pero Janjić
Ante Kostelić
Josip Glavaš
Ivica Obrvan
Mirko Bašić
Vinko Tomljanović
Boris Dvoršek
Damir Štokić
Željko Zovko

External links
Official page

Handball clubs in Croatia
RK Medvescak

Handball clubs established in 1936
1936 establishments in Croatia


Märwil is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 827 as Marinwilare.

The municipality also contained the villages Breite, Ghürst, Himmenreich and Langnau. It had 357 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 274 in 1900. It then increased to 461 in 1950, 579 in 1970 and 622 in 1990.

In 1995 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Affeltrangen.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


Buch bei Märwil is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in 1228 as Buch. From 1819 to 1953 it was named Buch bei Affeltrangen.

The municipality also contained the villages Azenwilen and Bohl. It had 245 inhabitants in 1850, which decreased to 160 in 1900 and 152 in 1910. It then increased to 221 in 1950, but declined again to 140 in 1990.

In 1995 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Affeltrangen.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Thurgau


Bruce Graham Thom  is an Australian geoscientist and educator. He is a founding member of the Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists, Emeritus Professor at the University of Sydney in Australia and founding President of the Australian Coastal Society. Educated at The Scots College in Bellevue Hill, Sydney, Australia  and the University of Sydney, where he served as Professor of Geography and Pro-Vice Chancellor (Research). He is also former Vice Chancellor of the University of New England and former Chair of the Australian State of the Environment Committee. Professor Thom has written widely in the areas of physical geography, coastal management, coastal policy, coastal geology, and geomorphology. He was made a member of the Order of Australia in 2010.

List of honours
Emeritus Professor, University of Sydney
Former Chair, Coasts and Climate Change Council
Former President, The Australian Coastal Society
Former Chair, Australian State of the Environment Committee
Former Chair, Current Member, NSW Coastal Council
Former Vice Chancellor, University of New England
Former Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Sydney
Honorary life member of Surfrider Foundation Australia
Honorary life member of NSW Geographical Society
Honorary member of the Sydney Coastal Councils Group
Fellow, Academy of Technological Science and Engineering (FTSE)
Fellow, Institute of Australian Geographers (FIAG)
Honorary doctorate, University of Wollongong

References

External links
 Australian Coastal Society
 Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists
 Australia State of the Environment 2001 report
 We must adapt for climate change now

Living people
Australian environmentalists
1939 births
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Australian geomorphologists
Members of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Vice-Chancellors of the University of New England (Australia)


Zezikon is a village and former municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. It was first recorded in 827 as Zezinchova.

The municipality also contained the villages Battlehausen, Kaltenbrunnen, Maltbach and Wildern. It had 375 inhabitants in 1860, which decreased to 293 in 1900, 233 in 1950 and 220 in 1970. It then increased again, to 299 in 1990.

In 1995 the municipality was incorporated into the larger, neighboring municipality Affeltrangen.

References

Former municipalities of Thurgau
Villages in Switzerland


ECOS is an Australian environmental magazine which presents articles on sustainability research and issues from across Australia and the Asia Pacific region, published monthly online by CSIRO.

History and profile
ECOS was founded in 1974. The magazine won the Banksia Award for Communication in 2000. Until May June 2011 the magazine was also printed.

References

External links

1974 establishments in Australia
2011 disestablishments in Australia
Bi-monthly magazines published in Australia
CSIRO
Defunct magazines published in Australia
Environmental magazines
Magazines established in 1974
Magazines disestablished in 2011
Online magazines with defunct print editions


Spratt or Sprat may refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media
 "Jack Sprat", a nursery rhyme
 Jack Spratt (fictional detective), a character in novels by Jasper Fforde
 Septimus Spratt, a character in British television series Downton Abbey
 Dylan Spratt, US born Entrepreneur
 Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt, English hydrographer

Places
 Spratt, Michigan, United States
 Spratt, Ohio, United States

Other uses
 Sprat, group of forage fish belonging to the genus Sprattus in the family Clupeidae
 Spratt (surname)
 Spratt Cemetery, near Fort Mill, York County, South Carolina, United States
 Spratt Model 107, an American seaplane
 Spratt Stadium, St. Joseph, Missouri, United States
 Spratt's, an American pet food manufacturer
 Spratt's Complex, a mixed-use development in Poplar, London

See also
 Sea Spurge Remote Area Teams (SPRATS)
 Sproat
 Sprot (surname)


Ordnance BL 14-inch gun on truck, railway were 2 British 14-inch Mk III naval guns mounted on railway carriages, used on the Western Front in 1918. The guns had a very brief service life and were scrapped in 1926, but their railway carriages were re-used for mounting guns in World War II.

Design and development
The guns were built by Armstrongs (Elswick Ordnance Company) and were originally intended to be mounted as a pair in a twin turret on the Japanese battleship Yamashiro but the order was not completed. Hence the breech of the left gun, which became known as "Scene Shifter", opened to the left which was unusual for a British army gun, while that of the right gun, "Boche Buster", opened to the right. Work on mounting them on railway carriages began in 1916 but was not completed until 1918.

The gun was fired from curved sections of track off the main line which allowed it to be pointed in the required direction, and the gun mount could traverse 2° left and right for finer adjustments. To adjust more than 2° the entire gun car was moved forward or backward along its track.

The railway mounting was of the "cradle and rolling recoil" type : the gun was mounted high up in a standard cradle with hydropneumatic buffers which allowed the gun to recoil 34-inches on firing at maximum elevation without striking the ground, and the remaining recoil force was expended by allowing the entire railway car to roll backwards 20–30 feet until stopped by its brakes. The gun car had a winch at the front attached by cable to a strongpoint further ahead, and the winch dragged the gun car back to its firing position. The advantage of this system was that no special track preparation was required and the gun could fire from any position along its curved section of track.

Combat service

The guns arrived with their carriages in France on 26 May 1918, but incomplete, and were not in action until 8 August. The two guns were operated by 471 Siege Battery from May 1918, and were known as "HM Gun Boche Buster", operating near Arras with First Army, and "HM Gun Scene Shifter", operating near Bethune with Fifth Army. They were used for long-range interdiction fire on key German targets such as railway junctions. King George V personally oversaw the firing of the first shell by Boche Buster from near Marœuil, 6 km NW of Arras, on 8 August in a fireplan to hit German reinforcements being sent south to oppose the British Amiens offensive. This shell heavily damaged a railway junction at Douai and became known as "The King's Shot". A total of approximately 235 rounds were fired by the guns during their four months on the Western Front.

14-inch was not a standard British service calibre and hence it was impractical to keep the guns in service after World War I ended. The barrels were declared obsolete in 1926 and scrapped, but several of the rail gun carriages went into storage, without their barrels but still bearing their names. In 1939 the rail gun carriages were removed from storage and recommissioned. Scene Shifter, Gladiator and Piecemaker were fitted with 13.5-inch guns from the Navy reserve stock and Boche-Buster was fitted with an  howitzer barrel No L2 - made in 1919 and stored with its mountings ever since. The three 13.5 inch rail guns went to Dover for channel duties, and the 18 inch rail howitzer joined the 9.2 inch rail guns and 12 inch rail howitzers on inshore railways as part of the super heavy brigades' home defence intended to bombard landing grounds should a German seaborne invasion take place.

See also
 List of railway artillery
 EOC 14-inch 45-calibre naval gun this gun in naval service

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
 14"/50 caliber railway gun US equivalent

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Dale Clarke, British Artillery 1914–1919. Heavy Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2005.
 Jeff Dorman, "The King's Shot" in Battle, December 1975
 General Sir Martin Farndale, "History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Western Front 1914-18". London: Royal Artillery Institution, 1986.
 I.V. Hogg & L.F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914–1918. London: Ian Allan, 1972.
 Harry W Miller, United States Army Ordnance Department, Railway Artillery: A Report on the Characteristics, Scope of Utility, Etc., of Railway Artillery, Volume I. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1921.
 Harry W Miller, United States Army Ordnance Department, Railway Artillery: A Report on the Characteristics, Scope of Utility, Etc., of Railway Artillery, Volume II, pages 155-161. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1921.

External links

 Tony DiGiulian, British 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Marks I and III
 Newsreel showing various artillery including the King visiting Boche Buster at the end

World War I railway artillery of the United Kingdom
356 mm artillery
Elswick Ordnance Company
Railway guns


Lolo Hot Springs (Salish: smtt̓m̓čqi or sntt̓mčqey, "Steam on a Ridge Top" ) is an unincorporated community in Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is centered on a commercial hot springs and contains a hotel and restaurant. Lolo Hot Springs is the westernmost settlement along U.S. Highway 12 in Montana.

The Salish name for the surrounding area is q̓ʷlótqne or čmulši.

The first luge run in North America was built here in 1965.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by and used the springs on June 29, 1806, while traveling east on their return from the mouth of the Columbia River.

References

External links
Home page

Unincorporated communities in Montana
Unincorporated communities in Missoula County, Montana
Hot springs of Montana


Hluboká Castle (; ) is a historic château situated in Hluboká nad Vltavou. It is considered one of the most beautiful castles in the Czech Republic.

Tourism
Hluboká is one of the most famous and most frequently visited castles in the country. As of 2019, it was the 3rd most visited castle with 293,000 visitors.

History

In the second half of the 13th century, a Gothic castle was built at the site. During its history, the castle was rebuilt several times. It was first expanded during the Renaissance period, then rebuilt into a Baroque castle at the order of Adam Franz von Schwarzenberg in the beginning of the 18th century. It reached its current appearance during the 19th century, when Johann Adolf II von Schwarzenberg ordered the reconstruction of the castle in the romantic style of England's Windsor Castle.

The Schwarzenbergs obtained the castle in 1661 when Johann Adolf, Prince of Schwarzenberg bought it from the heirs of Baltasar Marradas. They lived in Hluboká until the end of 1939, when the last owner (Adolph Schwarzenberg) emigrated overseas to escape from the Nazis. The Schwarzenbergs lost all of their Czech property through a special legislative Act, the Lex Schwarzenberg, in 1947.

Hluboká Castle is a National Cultural Monument of the Czech Republic.

Additional information
The original royal castle of Ottokar II from the second half of the 13th century was rebuilt at the end of the 16th century by the Lords of Hradec. It received its present appearance under Count Jan Adam of Schwarzenberg. According to the English Windsor example, architects Franz Beer and F. Deworetzky built a Romantic Neo-Gothic château, surrounded by a  English park here in the years 1841 to 1871.  In 1940, the castle was seized from the last owner, Adolph Schwarzenberg by the Gestapo and confiscated by the government of Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II. The castle is opened to the public. There is a winter garden and riding-hall where the Southern Bohemian gallery exhibitions have been housed since 1956.

In popular culture
The castle has been used in a scene of the movie Shanghai Knights. The castle has also been used as a location for the Eastern Coven in the movie Underworld: Blood Wars. In 2019, K-pop soloist Park Jihoon released his song L.O.V.E. and the music video was filmed in the castle.

References

External links

Official website (in English)
Official website (in Czech)
Town of Hluboká nad Vltavou

České Budějovice District
Castles in the South Bohemian Region
Museums in the South Bohemian Region
Historic house museums in the Czech Republic
National Cultural Monuments of the Czech Republic


Edwin  was a ship that was wrecked near Cape Hawke, New South Wales, Australia in late June 1816.

Edwin was a schooner of 15 tons and owned by John Palmer in Sydney.  It was under the command of Captain R. Matthews when it sailed from Sydney for the Hawkesbury on 10 June 1816.  A violent gale blew the ship off course, destroyed the ships rigging and sails and drove it into a huge surf eighty miles North of Port Stephens.  Here it was driven ashore near Cape Hawke, in late June or early July 1816.  Matthews with his wife, young child and two crew made it to shore but the local aborigines took their clothes and provisions.  Forced to live on shellfish and grass they walked southwards towards Newcastle getting to within fifteen miles before Mrs Matthews  and the child collapsed from exhaustion.  The others made Newcastle and sent out a rescue party who brought in the two exhausted people.

References

Shipwrecks of the Mid North Coast Region
Schooners of Australia
Individual sailing vessels
Maritime incidents in 1816
1816 in Australia
1788–1850 ships of Australia
Merchant ships of Australia


The 1986 Australian Endurance Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Touring Cars as specified in the National Competition Rules of CAMS. The title, which was the sixth Australian Endurance Championship, was contested concurrently with the 1986 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, which was the sixteenth in a sequence of manufacturers championships awarded by CAMS, and the seventh to be contested under the Australian Manufacturers' Championship name.

The Australian Endurance Championship was won by Jim Richards driving a BMW 635 CSi and the Australian Manufacturers' Championship was awarded to Nissan. Although Nissan team driver George Fury won 4 of the 6 rounds, missing the opening round at Amaroo Park, failing to finish at Bathurst and only being awarded half points for winning at Calder Park, along with the consistency of Richards who scored in every round (including winning at Amaroo) saw the Kiwi win his second straight Endurance title in the BMW. However, his wins, along with high placings by teammates Gary Scott and Terry Sheil gave Nissan an easy 27 point win over BMW in the Manufacturers' title with Jim Richards virtually playing a lone hand for the Bavarian marque.

Round 5, The Sun South Pacific 300 at Calder Park in Melbourne, saw the first ever rolling start in Australian touring car racing (though rolling starts had been seen in Series Production during the 1960s and 1970s). The race also doubled as the opening round of the five race South Pacific Touring Car Championship, with the second round being the Group A support race for the 1986 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide. The remaining 3 rounds of the South Pacific series were held in New Zealand with Allan Grice, driving a Commodore in Australia and a Skyline in New Zealand, emerging as champion.

Calendar
The championship was contested over a six-round series.

Class structure
Cars competed in three classes defined according to engine capacity:
 Class A : Up to 2000cc
 Class B : 2001 to 3000cc
 Class C : 3001 to 6000cc

Championship points system
Australian Endurance Championship points were awarded to the drivers of the top twenty placed cars in each round, with the actual allocation dependent on the outright position obtained and the class in which the car was competing.

Two drivers per car were compulsory at both the Sandown and Bathurst rounds.
For races in which two drivers per car were not compulsory but two drivers each drove more than one third distance, points for the position gained were shared equally between the two drivers.
For races in which two drivers per car were not compulsory but two drivers did not both drive more than one third distance each, full points were awarded to the driver who drove the greater distance.
For races in which two drivers were compulsory, full points were awarded to both drivers provided that each had driven more than one third distance.
In all cases points were only awarded to a driver who had driven no more than one car during the event.

Only the highest scoring car of each make earned points (for its manufacturer in each race) and then only the points applicable to the position filled.

Results

Australian Endurance Championship

Australian Manufacturers' Championship

See also
1986 Australian Touring Car season

References

Further reading
 Australia's Greatest Motor Race, 1960 - 1989 (1990)
 Racing Car News, December 1986

Australian Endurance Championship
Australian Manufacturers' Championship
Endurance Championship


Thorne St Margaret is a village in the civil parish of Wellington Without in the Taunton Deane district of Somerset, England. It is situated 3 miles west of Wellington, between the river Tone and the Bristol and Exeter railway. The village of Holywell Lake is nearby, which is one of the Thankful Villages which lost no men in World War I.

The parish of Thorne St Margaret was part of the Milverton Hundred.

The Church of St Margaret serves a parish population of about 50. The church has a 15th-century tower with three bells. The rest of the church was rebuilt in 1865, with a west window, with stained glass, added in 1907. The church is built of hard red sandstone and has a baptismal font dating to Saxon times.
It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

Civil parish
In 1961 the parish had a population of 82. On 1 April 1986 the parish was abolished.

References and external links

External links

Villages in Taunton Deane
Former civil parishes in Somerset


John Murray (1712?–1775) was a British diplomat, notorious rake and friend of Giacomo Casanova.

From 1754 he was British resident in Venice.  He was appointed on 15 November 1765 as British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, arriving at Constantinople on 2 June 1766.  He was given leave to return home, leaving Turkey on 27 January 1775.  He sailed home on 25 May 1775 but died during a stop-over in Venice on 9 August 1775.

References

Bibliography
 Alfred C. Wood, The History of the Levant Company

1710s births
1775 deaths
Ambassadors of Great Britain to the Ottoman Empire
18th-century British civil servants
Ambassadors of Great Britain to the Republic of Venice


was the fourth album released by the Japanese band The Blue Hearts. The album was a big success and was the first album by the band to reach #1 on the Oricon charts.

The band went on the Zen-Nippon East Waste Tour in 1991 to promote the album, leading to the release of the Zen-Nippon East Waste Tour '91 video that same year.

Tracks
"Image" (イメージ)
"Koroshi no License" (殺しのライセンス License to Kill)
"Kubitsuri-dai Kara" (首つり台から From the Hangman's Block)
"Nō Tenki" (脳天気 Carefree)
"Yoru no Naka o" (夜の中を Middle of the Night)
"Kanashii Uwasa" (悲しいうわさ Sad Rumor)
"H Blues" (Hのブルース)
"Yume no Eki" (夢の駅 Dream Station)
"Koi no Game" (恋のゲーム Love Game)
"Speed" (スピード)
"Cutie Pie" (キューティパイ)
"Jōnetsu no Bara" (情熱の薔薇 Rose of Passion)
"Mayonaka no Telephone" (真夜中のテレフォン Midnight Telephone)
"Navigator" (ナビゲーター)

Cover
"Jōnetsu no Bara" was covered by Fujin Rizing!, a fictional ska band from multimedia franchise Argonavis from BanG Dream! and added in the game started on February 19, 2021.

References

1990 albums
The Blue Hearts albums


There are two rivers called Valea Râsului in Romania:
 Valea Râsului, a tributary of the Motru in Gorj County
 Valea Râsului, a tributary of the Râușor (Dâmbovița) in Argeș County


Wheathill may refer to:

Name
Anne Wheathill (fl. 1584), English poet and prayer writer

Places
Wheathill, Shropshire, a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England
Wheathill, Somerset, a hamlet in the parish of Lovington, Somerset, England
Wheathill, County Fermanagh, a place in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland

See also
 Wheat Hill, a mountain in the Catskill Mountains of New York
 Wheatville (disambiguation)


The list of airlines in the Philippines refers to the list of registered airlines from the Philippines. Air transportation in the Philippines goes back to the early days of aviation prior to World War II, during the American colonial period of the Philippines. Currently, the Philippines has several registered airline companies, but they are mostly chartered. There are two main domestic airline groups doing business as Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific, with AirAsia Philippines competing on some international routes. The domestic market is dominated by the Cebu Pacific group which has a 61% market share, followed by the Philippine Airlines group which has 29%, followed by AirAsia, having a 9% share.

This list of airlines enumerates local airlines in the Philippines which have a current air operator's certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority.

Note: Destinations in bold indicate primary hubs, those in italic indicate secondary hubs, while those with regular font indicate focus cities.

Scheduled airlines

Mainline

Regional

Charter airlines

Cargo airlines

See also
Lists of airlines
List of airlines of Asia
List of defunct airlines of the Philippines
List of airports in the Philippines

Philippines
Lists of companies of the Philippines
Philippines transportation-related lists
Philippines


Hirohito (1901–1989) was emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989

Hirohito may also refer to:

Books

 Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2000 biography of Hirohito by American historian Herbert P. Bix

People
 Hirohito Furui (born 1967), Japanese keyboardist, music arranger, and musician
 Hirohito Gotō (born 1969), Japanese director, playwright, and actor
 Hirohito Ōta (born 1970), Japanese freelance writer
 Hirohito Nakamura (born 1974), Japanese footballer

See also
 Emperor Fushimi (1265–1317), Japanese emperor from 1287 to 1298; personal name was Hirohito


The Diocese of Caltanissetta () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Sicily, It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Agrigento.

History

Caltanissetta once belonged to the diocese of Girgenti, but was created an episcopal see by Gregory XVI, in 1844. At that time it was a suffragan of the archdiocese of Monreale. The first bishop was Antonio Stromillo.

The immense cavern of Caltabillotta is famous on account of the legend of a great dragon, driven away by the holy hermit Peregrinus when he chose that spot for a life of penance.

Bishops
Antonino Maria Stromillo, C.R. † (20 Jan 1845 – 7 Jan 1858 Died)
Giovanni Battista Guttadauro di Reburdone † (23 Dec 1858 – 26 Apr 1896 Died)
Ignazio Zuccaro † (22 Jun 1896 – 30 Apr 1906 Resigned)
Ven. Antonio Augusto Intreccialagli, O.C.D. † (22 May 1907 – 16 Mar 1914) Appointed, Coadjutor Archbishop of Monreale
Ven. Giovanni Jacono † (18 Mar 1921 – 21 Aug 1956 Retired)
Francesco Monaco † (2 Oct 1956 – 21 Dec 1973 Retired)
Alfredo Maria Garsia † (21 Dec 1973 – 2 Aug 2003 Retired)
Mario Russotto (2 Aug 2003–present)

References

External links
 Official page

Caltanisseta
Caltanissetta
Caltanissetta
1844 establishments in Italy


In Lebanon, the area codes are, including the leading 0, two, three or four

Dialling
National: xx-xxx-xxx
International: +961-xx-xxx-xxx

Area codes
01 : Beirut and its Metropolitan area
02 : No longer in use (was previously used to call Syria)
030 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
031 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
032 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
033 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
034 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
035 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
036 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
037 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
038 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
039 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (to)
04 : Mount Lebanon, Metn Caza
05 : Mount Lebanon, Baabda Caza + Aley Caza + Chouf Caza
06 : North Lebanon (includes Akkar)
07 : South Lebanon (This includes some towns on the southern part of Mount Lebanon)
070 0 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
070 1 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
070 2 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
070 3 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
070 4 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
070 5 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
070 6 : Mobile operators - MIC (touch)
070 7 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
070 8 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
070 9 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 0 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
071 1 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 2 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 3 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 4 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 5 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
071 6 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
071 7 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
071 8 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
071 9 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
076 0 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
076 1 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
076 3 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
076 4 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
076 5 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa
076 6 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
076 7 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
076 8 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
076 9 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
078 8 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
078 9 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch)
079 1 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
079 2 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
079 3 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
08 : Bekaa and Baalbek-Hermel
081 2 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
081 3 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
081 4 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa)
081 6 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (Touch)
081 7 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (Touch)
09 : Mount Lebanon, Kesrouan Caza + Byblos Caza
10: MMS (119)

References

ITU allocations list
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)

Lebanon
Lebanon communications-related lists


Gábor Harsányi (born 15 June 1945) is a Hungarian actor.

In 2009, he was chosen the "Outstanding Lead Actor" at the Midtown International Theatre Festival in New York.

Roles
Kabarémúzeum (2006) – film
South Park (2000–present) as Chef (Séf bácsi) – voice
Rocko's Modern Life (1997) (Rocko) as Heffer Wolfe (Melák) – voice
Animaniacs (1993–1998) as Dr. Otto Scratchansniff (Dr. Otto Agyalágy) – voice
The Falcons (1970)

References

Other sources

External links

 Színház.hu

1945 births
Living people
Hungarian male film actors
Hungarian male voice actors


The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) is a series of federal policies and guidelines governing land use on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It covers 10 million hectares within Western Oregon and Washington, as well as a small part of Northern California.

History

The NWFP was adopted in 1994 by the Clinton administration as the outcome of a series of studies and hearings that began in 1993; in response to over-harvesting of old growth forests, threatening northern spotted owl populations.

During the development of the NWFP, President Bill Clinton directed 10 federal agencies responsible for forest management, fisheries,
wildlife, tribal relations, and national parks to work together with scientists on a region wide forest plan that would be "scientifically sound, ecologically credible, and legally responsible."

A multi-disciplinary team of scientists known as the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team was assigned the task of identifying management alternatives that would meet the requirements of applicable laws and regulations, including the Endangered Species Act, the National Forest Management Act, the Federal Land Policy Management Act, the Clean Water Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act.

Goals

The plan provided for five major goals:

 Never forget human and economic dimensions of the issues;
 Protect the long-term health of forests, wildlife, and waterways;
 Focus on scientifically sound, ecologically credible, and legally responsible strategies and implementation;
 Produce a predictable and sustainable level of timber sales and nontimber resources; and
 Ensure that federal agencies work together.

The NWFP was originally drafted with the intent of protecting critical habitat for the northern spotted owl, though the plan came to include much broader habitat protection goals. The plan is still in effect today and is intended to last for 100 years. Declining northern spotted owl populations led to the plan's implementation. The owl's main source of habitat is old growth forests which have become scarce the last few decades. Not only has over-harvesting of old growth forests led to declining northern spotted owl populations, but also competition from the barred owl, an invasive species originally native to the Eastern region of North America.

A small percentage of old growth forests still remain in parts of Washington and Oregon state. The plan has shifted emphasis from logging for economic gain to conservation and preservation of aquatic reserves including endangered fish stocks.

Management

The federal lands falling under the purview of the NWFP are predominantly National Forests, but Bureau of Land Management lands, National Parks, National Wildlife Refuges, and military bases are also covered by the Plan. In addition, the US forest service holds a lot of the authority and management decision making processes within the plan area.
The NWFP is highly controversial in that it called for strongly decreased timber yields within National Forests,
Even though the Northwest Forest Plan is implemented to conserve late succession, it is also important that there is a process in the beginning to protect in the early succession of younger trees.

See also

Forest plans
Management of Pacific Northwest riparian forests
Salvage Rider

References

External links
Northwest Forest Plan, Regional Ecosystem Office, August 14, 2007. (Official site)
 The Survey and Manage Program of the Northwest Forest Plan, Bureau of Land Management, April 2006.
 Northwest Forest Plan Historic Overview
The 1930s Survey of Forest Resources in Washington and Oregon

Forestry in the United States
United States federal public land legislation
Protected areas of the United States
United States Forest Service
United States Department of the Interior
Forest Plan
History of California
History of Washington (state)
Land use in Oregon


ChemMedChem is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering medicinal chemistry. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe. In addition to original research in the form of full papers and shorter communications, the journal contains review-type articles (reviews, minireviews, patent reviews, essays, highlights) as well as occasional book reviews and conference reports.

Topics covered include drug design, development and delivery, molecular modeling, combinatorial chemistry, drug target validation, lead generation, ADMET studies, and, as of 2017, nanomedicine (including targeted drug delivery, theranostics, and nanodrugs).

The first volume was published at the beginning of 2006 under the two founding chemical societies, the German Chemical Society and the Italian Chemical Society.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.540.

References

External links

Chemistry Europe academic journals
Medicinal chemistry journals
Academic journals established in 2006
Wiley-VCH academic journals


In Greek mythology, Bisaltes (), son of Helios and Gaia, was the eponymous hero of the Bisaltae and Bisaltia in Thracian Macedonia. Theophane was the daughter of Bisaltes.

Notes

References
 Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
 Stephanus of Byzantium, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt, edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. Online version at the Topos Text Project.

Children of Helios
Thraco-Macedonian mythology


Luther Lee Bohanon (August 9, 1902 – July 18, 2003) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma and the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.

Education and career

Bohanon was born on August 9, 1902, in Fort Smith, Arkansas, to William and Artelia Hickman Bohanon. His family moved to Stigler, Oklahoma, four years later. Another move took the family of 14 children to Kinta, Oklahoma where he completed his elementary education. He completed his high school education at Muskogee, Oklahoma. Bohanon received a Bachelor of Laws in 1927 from the University of Oklahoma College of Law. He was an assistant county attorney for Seminole County, Oklahoma in Seminole, Oklahoma from 1927 to 1928. He entered private practice in Seminole and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 1928 to 1936, then solely in Oklahoma City from 1936 to 1961. Bohanon was partnered with Alfred P. Murrah during his entire law service at the law firm of Murrah & Bohanon, with their two most notable clients being Armand Hammer and Howard Hughes. Bohanon also worked with oilman Robert S. Kerr to elect Leon Phillips as governor. Their friendship continued thereafter. He also became a friend of Kerr's brother, Aubrey. In 1961, when Bohanan was being considered for another appointment, the ABA said that he was unqualified. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, who was not a friend of the Kerrs, had the nomination stalled in the U. S. Senate. Kerr, in turn, stalled certain legislation in the Senate that the Kennedy Administration considered critical. The stalemate was eventually broken and Bohanon received his appointment. He resigned his ABA membership and never rejoined.

Bohanon was the bankruptcy trustee for Selected Investments, where his work uncovered evidence of corruption at the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He also represented the Otoe-Missouria tribe in a case that allowed them to sue for the fair value of their aboriginal lands.  He served in the United States Army Air Corps as a Major in the JAG Corps from 1942 to 1945.

Federal judicial service

After a recommendation by future Oklahoma United States Senator Robert S. Kerr, Bohanon was nominated by President John F. Kennedy on August 18, 1961, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma and the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma vacated by Judge William Robert Wallace. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 30, 1961, and received his commission on August 30, 1961. He served as Chief Judge of the Western District from 1969 to 1972. He assumed senior status on August 2, 1974. His service terminated on July 18, 2003, due to his death.

Notable cases

Bohanon presided over two important civil rights cases: Battle v. Oklahoma which resulted in the State being ordered to implement procedures for the humane treatment of prison inmates; and Dowell v. Oklahoma City Board of Education, requiring the racial desegregation of the Oklahoma City schools.

Personal

Bohanon was active in Democratic Party affairs on the local, state and national levels. He was a member of the Democratic Party's National Convention platform committee in 1940. He was a Mason and a Shriner and a member of the United Methodist Church of Nichols Hills, Oklahoma. He married Marie Swatek in July 1933. They had four children. One son, Richard L. Bohanon, became a United States bankruptcy judge in Oklahoma City. The other children died either in infancy or very early childhood. Both Bohanon's were buried in Fairlawn Cemetery in Oklahoma City.

See also
 List of United States federal judges by longevity of service

Notes

References

Other sources
 "Luther Bohanon", Vertical File, Research Division, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
 "Luther Bohanon", Vertical File, Oklahoma Room, Oklahoma Department of Libraries, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City), 18 April 1999 and 31 October 2001.
 Kenny A. Franks and Paul F. Lambert, The Legacy of Dean Julien C. Monnet: Judge Luther Bohanon and the Desegregation of Oklahoma City's Public Schools (Muskogee, Okla.: Western Heritage Books, 1983).
 Jace Weaver, Then to the Rock Let Me Fly: Luther Bohanon and Judicial Activism (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993).

External links

 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Bohanon, Luther Lee (1902–2003)

1902 births
2003 deaths
American centenarians
Men centenarians
People from Fort Smith, Arkansas
People from Stigler, Oklahoma
People from Seminole, Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma
United States district court judges appointed by John F. Kennedy
20th-century American judges
People from Haskell County, Oklahoma


Maitreyi Pushpa (Hindi: मैत्रेयी पुष्पा; born 30 November 1944), is a Hindi fiction writer.  An eminent writer in Hindi, Maitreyi Pushpa has ten novels and seven short story collections to her credit She also writes prolifically for newspapers on current issues concerning women, and adopts a questioning, daring and challenging stance in her writings. She is best known for her Chak, Alma Kabutari, Jhoola Nat and an autobiographical novel Kasturi Kundal Base.

Early life
Maitreyi Pushpa was born in Sikurra village, Aligarh district. She spent her childhood and early years in Khilli, another village in Bundelkhand near Jhansi. She did her post graduation in Hindi at Bundelkhand College, Jhansi.

Career
Maitreyi Pushpa has authored seven collections of short stories and ten novels besides writing regular column in weekly Rashtriya Sahara.

The Delhi government proposed her name for the post of Delhi Commission for Women (DCW) chairperson on 29 January 2014.

Writing style
One writer refers to her powerful idiomatic language and uninhibited treatment.

Selected works

Story Collections
Chinhaar
Goma hansti hai
Peyaari ka sapna
Lalmaniyaan
Fighter ki Diary
Samagr kahaniyan ab tak
10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan

Novels
Gunaah Begunaah
Kahi Isuri Phaag
Triya hath
Betavaa behti rahi
Idannammam
Chaak
Jhoola Nut
Alma Kabootri
Vision
Aganpaakhi
Farishtey nikle

Autobiographies
Gudiya bheetar gudiya
Kasturi Kundal base
Ye safar tha ki mukaam tha

Drama
Mandakranta

Women discourses
Khuli khidkiyaan
Suno maalik suno
Charcha hamara
Awaaz
Tabdeel Nigahen

Filmography

Telefilm
"Vasumati ki chitthi", based on the story "Faisla"

Teleserial
"Manda har yug main"

Awards and recognition

SAARC Literary Award for outstanding writing (2001)
Vanmaali Samman (2011)

See also
 List of Indian writers
 Mandakranta Sen
 Tapan Kumar Pradhan

References

External links
http://maitreyipushpa.com/
http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/वनमाली-सम्मान-2011-के-लिए-मैत्रेयी-पुष्पा-चयनित-1298445345-2
http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20110208/1684878.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20080719032227/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19991213/maitreyi.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20080516094000/http://www.museindia.com/showcont.asp?id=245
https://archive.today/20130209085009/http://www.womenswriting.com/WomensWriting/AuthorProfileDetail.asp?AuthorID=8
https://web.archive.org/web/20071025041551/http://www.thp.org/snp/2003/essay1.htm

1944 births
Living people
Hindi-language writers
People from Aligarh district
People from Jhansi
Indian women novelists
Indian women short story writers
20th-century Indian novelists
Women writers from Uttar Pradesh
Novelists from Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian short story writers
20th-century Indian women writers


Peter Driscoll (4 February 1942 – 30 October 2005) was a bestselling Irish author of international thrillers in the 1970s who first worked in South Africa then, in his later life, became Chief Radio News subeditor with Raidió Teilifís Éireann. He died of a heart attack.

Published works

The White Lie Assignment (1971), set in Albania.
The Wilby Conspiracy (1972), set in South Africa. The novel has been adapted into an eponymous movie in 1975.
In Connection with Kilshaw (1974), set in Ireland.
The Barboza Credentials (1976), set in Mozambique.
Pangolin (1979), set in Hong Kong.
Heritage (1982), set in Algeria.
Spearhead (1987), set in South Africa.
Secrets of State (1992), set in the United States.
Spoils of War (1994), set in Iraq.

References

1942 births
2005 deaths
British thriller writers
RTÉ Radio
20th-century British novelists


Saraks () (from Sanskrit Śrāvaka) is a community in Jharkhand, Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa. They have been followers of some aspects of Jainism, such as vegetarianism, since ancient times, however, were isolated and separated from the main body of the Jain community in western, northern, and southern India and have been Jain Bengalis ever since. The governments of India and West Bengal both have classified some of the Saraks under Other Backward Classes since 1994 but many of them have been in the General category from the beginning itself.

History

The Saraks are an ancient community in Jharkhand and Bengal. British anthropologist Edward Tuite Dalton noted that according to the Bhumij tradition in Singhbhum district, the Saraks were early settlers in the region. According to Santosh Kumar Kundu, the Saraks arrived from the northwestern region of India, presently in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. In the region between the rivers Barakar and Damodar, two democratic republics, Shikharbhum and Panchakot, flourished. Later they merged and came to be known as Shikharbhum, with the capital at Panchkot. According to Ramesh Chandra Majumder, the Jain scholar Bhadrabahu, the second Louhacharya and the author of Kalpa Sutra may have come from the Sarak community.

The region is called Vajjabhumi in ancient texts because diamonds were once mined in the region. The Tirthankara Mahavira visited this region according to the Kalpa Sūtra.

Separation and rediscovery

The Saraks lost contact with Jains in the rest of India after its conquest by Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji. Contact with the Digambara Bundelkhand Jains was reestablished when the Parwars Manju Chaudhary (1720–1785) was appointed the governor of Cuttack by the Maratha Empire.

Saraks are concentrated in Purulia, Bankura and Burdwan district of West Bengal and Ranchi, Dumka and Giridih districts and Singhbhum region of Jharkhand. The Saraks belonging to most of Jharkhand and West Bengal are Bengali speakers while those living in historical Singhbhum region speak Singhbhumi Odia. Educated Saraks speak fluent English.

In 2009, more than 165 Sarak Jains living in parts of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar visited the ancient Jain pilgrimage center of Shravanabelagola. A special function to welcome the Sarak Jains was organised at Shravanabelagola.

See also
 Śrāvaka (Jainism)
 Jainism in Bengal
 Basudih
 Purulia
 Maji (surname)

Pakbirra, Purulia Temples and Sculptures

References

Indian Jains
Social groups of West Bengal
Jain communities
Vegetarian communities


Benzion Miller (, , 8 December 1947) is a cantor, schochet (kosher slaughterer) and mohel (circumciser), as was his father, Aaron Daniel Miller. He was born in a displaced persons camp in Fernwald, Germany.

Miller's singing career began at the age of five. Miller studied music theory and solfège under Cantor Samuel B. Taube of Montreal. He studied voice production at the Champagne School for Music in Montreal and with Dr. Puggell, cantor Avshalom Zfira, and Allan Bowers. As an interpreter of liturgical music, Benzion Miller sings an operatic repertoire as well as Jewish and Chassidic folk music. He has appeared with the Israeli Philharmonic Orchestra, the Jerusalem Symphony, the Rishon L'Tzion Symphony, the Haifa Symphony and members of the London Symphony. He has also recorded for the Milken Archive, in Barcelona, Spain with the Barcelona National Symphony Orchestra.

Miller was among the first group of cantors to visit and sing in Eastern European countries after World War II. He has appeared before capacity audiences in Romania, Russia, Poland and Hungary, where he sang with the Budapest State Opera Orchestra. Miller has made many recordings of liturgical, Chassidic and Yiddish music.

Miller has held positions in Montreal at Sheves Achim Synagogue on Côte-des-Neiges, then in Toronto at Shaarei Tefillah Synagogue on Bathurst Street, in Canada. In 1981 he became cantor of Temple Beth El of Borough Park in Brooklyn, a pulpit served by Mordechai Hershman, Berele Chagy and Moshe Koussevitzky, and continued as cantor of the synagogue, now Congregation Young Israel Beth El, after its merger with Young Israel of Boro Park.

Miller made an appearance in A Cantor's Tale, a documentary about Jackie Mendelson. Miller and Mendelson are shown greeting each other and briefly engaging in conversation.

Family
Benzion's father, cantor, schochet and mohel Aaron Daniel Miller, was born in the Jewish community of Oświęcim (Yiddish: Oshpitsin, German: Auschwitz) in Poland. Aaron, his father and grandfather were cantors at the Bobover courts. Aaron's wife and children were murdered in Nazi concentration camps. Aaron met Benzion's mother, who was from the Belz hasidic dynasty, after the war in a displaced persons camp in Munich, Germany.

Benzion's son, cantor Shimmy Miller, is his choral director and they often performs duets with each other.

Miller has 5 children, three daughters and two sons.

Discography
 "Cantor Benzion Miller Sings Cantorial Concert Masterpieces" – The Milken Archive of Jewish Music, Naxos (May 18, 2004; International: January 2005)
 "HASC – Jerusalem The Experience" (2004)
 "High Holidays" (1997)
 "Shabbat"(1995)
 "I Believe" ()
 "The Soul Is Yours" "The Two In Harmony"''

See also
 Hazzan
 Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków

External links

 Benzion Miller's profile on the Milken Archive of Jewish Music"
 Video: Interview with Benzion Miller

 About Aaron Miller
 Aaron Miller's profile on the Milken Archive of Jewish Music

References

1946 births
Living people
Hazzans
American tenors
Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)
American expatriates in Canada
Polish expatriates in Germany
American Orthodox Jews
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Polish Orthodox Jews
Musicians from Brooklyn


Tiemann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel F. Tiemann (1805–1899), mayor of New York
Dietlind Tiemann (born 1955), German politician (CDU)
Edmund C. Tiemann (1922–2009), American businessman, politician, and military officer
Ferdinand Tiemann (1848–1899),German chemist and discoverer of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction
Norbert Tiemann (1924–2012), American politician
Marcel Tiemann (born 1974), German racing driver
Neal Tiemann (born 1982), American guitarist
Michael Tiemann, free software programmer
Robert L. Tiemann, American baseball historian and author
Otto Tiemann (1890–1952), German Wehrmacht general

See also
Tiemann's catheter

de:Tiemann


Alexander Kirilow Drenowski (22 July 1879, Ruse – 24 April 1967, Sofia) was a Bulgarian entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

Between 1904 and 1953 Drenowski wrote 77 scientific papers on the butterflies of Bulgaria.His most significant work was on the butterflies of the Bulgarian high mountains Rila, Pirin, Rhodope and Stara Planina.

External links
Lepidopterology Biography, portrait, publication list.

Bulgarian entomologists
1879 births
1967 deaths
Lepidopterists
People from Ruse, Bulgaria
20th-century Bulgarian zoologists