The 2000 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation () was held on 14 January 2001. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.

Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 2000 are as follows.

Additional awards

References
 Top ten songs award 2000, Tvcity.tvb.com
 Additional awards 2000, Hong Kong pop music commentary association

Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, 2000


Evergreen Plantation is a plantation located on the west side of the Mississippi River in St. John the Baptist Parish, near Wallace, Louisiana, and along Louisiana Highway 18.  The main house was constructed mostly in 1790, and renovated to its current Greek Revival style in 1832. The plantation's historical commodity crop was sugarcane, cultivated by enslaved African Americans until emancipation.

The plantation operated until about 1930, when the Depression resulted in the owners abandoning the house. The plantation continued to produce sugar cane under the direction of the bank that owned it, and it is still a working sugar cane plantation today. The house was extensively restored during the 1940s, with 300,000 bricks from the demolished Uncle Sam Plantation used in the restoration.

Description

The plantation includes 37 contributing buildings, all but eight of them antebellum, making it one of the most complete plantation complexes in the state and the South.  Of great significance are the 22 slave quarters, arranged in a double row along an allée of oak trees.

Among the outbuildings are a garconnière, where young bachelors of the family or male guests could stay; a pigeonnier for keeping pigeons (a sign of status among the planters); an overseer's cottage; and late
19th-century barns.

National Historic Landmark
Because of its quality and significance, the plantation was included among the first 26 featured sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1992 for its rich architectural legacy.  The house is open for tours every day except Sundays; tour times are at 9:30 am, 11:15 am, 1:00 pm, and 2:45 pm.

Heiress and businesswoman, Matilda Geddings Gray (1885–1971) sponsored the restoration project in the 1940s, and it is now a U.S. National Historic Landmark.

In popular culture
It is a production site of films such as Django Unchained (2012) and Antebellum (2020).

See also
Whitney Plantation Historic District, also located in Wallace
Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
National Register of Historic Places listings in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Plantation complexes in the Southern United States

References

External links

 Louisiana's African American Heritage Trail at LouisianaTravel.com
 Evergreen Plantation Website
 Louisiana Digital Library – Evergreen Plantation

National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Louisiana African American Heritage Trail
Sugar plantations in Louisiana
Historic house museums in Louisiana
Museums in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Houses in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Houses completed in 1832
Plantation houses in Louisiana
National Register of Historic Places in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
1832 establishments in Louisiana


Medalon is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Jennifer Fallon. It is the first in a trilogy titled The Demon Child; the other two are Treason Keep and Harshini.

Summary
Medalon Country is surrounded by Karien, threatening from the north with Fardohnya and Hythria in the south. For hundreds of years the Medalonians co-existed peacefully with the Harshini, a mythical race that is now long gone and the Sisters of the Blade now rule from the Citadel. The Harshini and their demons are thought to be extinct and Medalon has an uneasy peace with the other countries.

R'shiel Tenragan and her half-brother Tarja, children of the current First Sister, find themselves caught up in the political schemes of the Sisters. When their mother's plotting becomes too much the siblings flee and find a world in turmoil.
Meanwhile, Brak, a Harshini outcast, is called to find the demon child, the half-human child of the dead Harshini King, Lorandranek.

References

External links
Jennifer Fallon's official site

Australian fantasy novels
Novels by Jennifer Fallon
HarperCollins books
2000 Australian novels


Elise Paschen (born January 1959) is an American poet and member of the Osage Nation. She is the co-founder and co-editor of Poetry in Motion, a program which places poetry posters in subways and buses across the country.

Career and education
The daughter of renowned prima ballerina Maria Tallchief and Chicago contractor Henry D. Paschen, she was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, where she attended the Francis W. Parker School. Paschen is a member of the Osage Nation.

While an undergraduate at Harvard University, Paschen received the Lloyd McKim Garrison Medal for poetry, and served as Poetry Editor of the Harvard Advocate.  At Oxford University, where she received her M.Phil. and D.Phil. degrees in 20th Century British and American Literature, she co-founded and co-edited Oxford Poetry.

Executive Director of the Poetry Society of America from 1988 until 2001, she has edited numerous anthologies, including the New York Times bestsellers Poetry Speaks. Her books of poetry include, most recently, The Nightlife, as well as Bestiary, Infidelities, winner of the Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize, and Houses: Coasts. Her poems have been published in numerous magazines and anthologies including The New Yorker, Poetry and The Best American Poetry 2018.

Paschen teaches in the MFA Writing Program at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. She lives in Chicago with her husband, Stuart Brainerd, and their two children.

Awards

 Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize, for Infidelities
 Lloyd McKim Garrison Medal for poetry
 Joan Grey Untermyer Poetry Prize
 Richard Selig Poetry Prize
 Frances C. Allen Fellowship

Works
 Houses: Coasts (Sycamore Press, Oxford, 1985)
 Infidelities (Story Line Press, 1996)
 Bestiary (Red Hen Press, 2009)
The Nightlife (Red Hen Press, 2017)

Anthologies featuring her poems
 Reinventing the Enemy’s Language: Contemporary Native Women’s Writings of North America (1997)
 Ravishing DisUnities: Real Ghazals in English (2000)
 The POETRY Anthology, 1912—2002 (2002)
 A Formal Feeling Comes: Poems in Form by Contemporary Women (2007)
 Ghost Fishing: An Eco-Justice Poetry Anthology (University of Georgia Press, 2018)

Editor or co-editor
 Poetry in Motion (1996)
 Poetry Speaks (2001)
 Poetry in Motion from Coast to Coast (2002)
 Poetry Speaks to Children (2005)
 Poetry Speaks Expanded (2007)
 Poetry Speaks Who I Am (2010)

Notes

External links
 Elise Paschen author homepage
 Elise Paschen on NativeWiki.
 Elise Paschen on Twitter.
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/elise-paschen

1959 births
Living people
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century Native Americans
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American women poets
Art Institute of Chicago
Harvard University alumni
Native American poets
Native American women writers
Osage people
Poets from Chicago
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women

Francis W. Parker School (Chicago) alumni
21st-century Native American writers


Charles Seife is an American author, journalist, and professor at New York University. He has written extensively on scientific and mathematical topics.

Career

Seife holds a mathematics degree from Princeton University (1993), an M.S. in mathematics from Yale University and a M.S. in journalism from Columbia University.

Seife wrote for Science magazine and New Scientist before joining the Department of Journalism at New York University where he became a professor.

Books
His first and best-known published book is Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.

Another well-known book from Seife is Proofiness: How You're Being Fooled By the Numbers. Here, Seife focuses on how much propaganda uses numbers worded in such a way that they confuse people and can be misinterpreted.

Other books by Seife are:
Alpha & Omega: The Search for the Beginning and End of the Universe, Penguin Putnam, 2003.
Decoding the Universe, Penguin, 2007.
Sun in a Bottle: The Strange History of Fusion and the Science of Wishful Thinking,  Viking, 2008.
Virtual Unreality: Just Because the Internet Told You, How Do You Know It's True?, Penguin Putnam, 2014.

Other writing

His freelance work has appeared in The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Washington Post, The New York Times, Scientific American, and The Economist, among others.

Throughout his career, Seife has written many book reviews, especially of books which focus on mathematics.

Professional associations
He is a member of PEN, the National Association of Science Writers, and the D.C. Science Writers Association.

Awards
2001 PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction for Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea

References

External links
Article on edge.org
DC Science Writers Association website
Homepage
Leonard Lopate interview with Charles Seife

American science writers
Mathematics writers
Mathematics popularizers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Princeton University alumni
Yale University alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
New York University faculty
American journalism academics


The  Jur River (also Sue River) is a river in western South Sudan, flowing through the Bahr el Ghazal and Equatoria regions. About  long, it flows north and northeast, joining the Bahr el Ghazal River on the western side of the Sudd wetlands. The Jur River (Luo River) is part of the Nile basin, as the Bahr al-Ghazal flows into the White Nile.

The Luo River is a seasonal stream. Its discharge can reach  in September.

The upper course of the Luo River is also called the Sue.

Course

The Jur River's headwaters flow from the Congo-Nile Divide, which separates the Nile and Congo River basins, along South Sudan's border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic. The main tributaries being the Sue River (itself sometimes called the Jur), Busseri River, Wau River, and Numatinna River. The spelling and precise meaning of these river names differ among sources. The tributaries come together near Wau, the capital of the state of Western Bahr el Ghazal.

Below Wau the Jur River bends eastward, entering the swampy Sudd region. Due to the nature of the wetlands it is not always clear whether one river flows into another or merely merges in the general Sudd swamps. Some sources cite the Lol River as a tributary of the Jur while others do not. Some sources say the Jur joins the Bahr al-Arab and the confluence marks the start of the Bahr el Ghazal, but more recent sources say that the Jur joins the Bahr el Ghazal at Lake Ambadi and that the Bahr al-Arab joins the Bahr el Ghazal some distance downriver from Lake Ambadi.

According to author Mamdouh Shahin, the Lol, Jur, Tonj, Bahr al-Arab, and others streams, are all tributaries of the Bahr el Ghazal, but that their channels disappear in the wetlands before reaching any outlet.

History
Among the ethnic groups living in the Jur basin are the Dinka, and Jurchol who call themselves Jo-luo. "Jur" is a Dinka word for "alien" or "non-Dinka".

The Jur River was explored by John Petherick between 1853 and 1865. In 1897–98 the Jur River was carefully surveyed throughout its course by Lieutenant A.H. Dyé and other members of a French mission under Jean-Baptiste Marchand during the Scramble for Africa.

See also
List of rivers of South Sudan

References

Rivers of South Sudan
Nile basin
Bahr el Ghazal
Equatoria


USS Damon M. Cummings (DE-643) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1947. She was scrapped in 1973.

History
Damon M. Cummings was named in honor of Lieutenant Commander Damon M. Cummings (1910–42), who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism on board  during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

Damon M. Cummings was launched on 18 April 1944 by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Francisco, California; sponsored by Mrs. D. M. Cummings; and commissioned on 29 June 1944.

Pacific War
Clearing San Francisco on 8 September 1944 Damon M. Cummings escorted a convoy to Eniwetok and then sailed on to Port Purvis on Florida Island, in the Solomons, arriving on 15 October. She served in the Solomons until 6 November, and on 19 November she arrived at Funafuti, Ellice Islands, from which she patrolled shipping lanes until 2 January 1945.

Returning to Port Purvis on 18 January 1945, Damon M. Cummings continued escort and patrol duty in the Solomons until 9 March. After repairs to her sound gear at Manus Island, she arrived at Leyte on 19 March to rendezvous with an LST group which she screened to the invasion of Okinawa on 1 April. She remained on patrol off Okinawa until 1 May, then escorted convoys from Ulithi, Saipan, and San Pedro Bay. Leyte, to Okinawa until the end of the war.

Damon M. Cummings remained in the Far East after the war, serving on air-sea rescue stations in the Marianas and visiting Tokyo from 3 to 12 October. On 1 November she cleared Saipan for an overhaul at Bremerton, Washington. She returned to the Western Pacific to provide services to the fleet at Qingdao and Shanghai, China, and off Haiphong and Saigon, Indo-China, between 15 February and 16 September 1946.

Decommissioning and fate
Damon M. Cummings was placed out of commission in reserve at Long Beach, California (USA) on 3 February 1947. She was stricken from Naval Vessel Register on 1 March 1972 and sold for scrapping on 18 May 1973.

Awards
Damon M. Cummings received one battle star for World War II service.

References

External links

     navsource.org: USS Damon M. Cummings

Buckley-class destroyer escorts
Ships built in San Francisco
1944 ships


Horace Ronald Phillips (3 June 1921 – 11 January 2007) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Adelaide in the SANFL. He won back to back Magarey Medals in 1948 and 1949, the only other North Adelaide player to achieve this feat is Tommy MacKenzie.

He was born on 3 June 1921 in Peterborough, South Australia to Horace Norman Phillips and Winifred Lena Phillips (née Cosgrove).

Phillips was a very versatile footballer and played in most positions during his 139-game career. His 1948 Magarey Medal win was at centre half back and he won the award the following season when playing at centre half forward. From 1949 to 1952 he topped North Adelaide's goalkicking, with his best tally of 66 goals coming in 1952. He also played interstate football for South Australia, making a total of 10 appearances.

References

External links

1921 births
2007 deaths
North Adelaide Football Club players
Magarey Medal winners
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
South Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Peterborough, South Australia
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Army soldiers


Burji language (alternate names: Bembala, Bambala, Daashi) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by the Burji people who reside in Ethiopia south of Lake Chamo. There are over 49,000 speakers in Ethiopia, and a further 36,900 speakers in Kenya. Burji belongs to the Highland East Cushitic group of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.

The language has the SOV (subject–object–verb) word order common to the Cushitic family. The verb morphology distinguishes passive and middle grammatical voice, as well as causative. Verbal suffixes mark the person, number, and gender of the subject.

The New Testament was published in the Burji language in 1993. A collection of Burji proverbs, translated into English, French, and Swahili, is available on the Web.

Numerals 1-1000
 1. micha
 2. lama
 3. fadiya
 4. foola
 5. umutta
 6. liya
 7. lamala
 8. hiditta
 9. wonfa
 10. tanna
11. Tannaya micha
12. Tannaya lama
13. Tannaya fadiya
14. Tannaya foola
15. Tannaya umutta
16. Tannaya liya
17. Tannaya lamala
18. Tannaya hiditta
19. Tannaya wonfa
20. Lamattann
30. Fadiitann
40. Foolattan
50. Umuttan
60. Liittan
70. Lamalattan
80. Hidittan
90. Wonfattan
100. Ch'ibba.
1,000. Kuma

Notes

References
 Amborn, Hermann, and Alexander Kellner. 1999. "Burji Vocabulary of Cultural Items. An Insight into Burji culture. Based on the field notes of Helmut Straube," Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 58: 5-67.
 Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1982. An Etymological Dictionary of Burji (Kuschitische Sprachstudien 1). Hamburg: Buske.
 Sasse, Hans-Jürgen and Helmut Straube. 1977. "Kultur und Sprache der Burji," Süd-Aethiopien: Ein Abriss, Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika. Ed. Wilhelm J. G. Moehlig, Franz Rottland and Bernd Heine.  Berlin.  Pages 239–266.
 Wedekind, Charlotte. 1985. "Burji verb morphology and morphophonemics," The verb morphophonemics of five highland east Cushitic languages, including Burji.  Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 2. Cologne: Institut für Afrikanistik.  Pages 110–145.
 Wedekind, Klaus. 1980. "Sidamo, Darasa (Gedeo), Burji: phonological differences and likenesses," Journal of Ethiopian Studies 14:131-176.

External links
 World Atlas of Language Structures information on Burji

Languages of Kenya
Languages of Ethiopia
East Cushitic languages
Subject–object–verb languages


Joseph Randall Holzapple (September 7, 1914 – November 14, 1973) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (CINCUSAFE) from 1969 to 1971.

Military career
Holzapple was born in 1914 in Peoria, Illinois, where he graduated from Bradley University in 1938 with a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration. He received an honorary doctor of laws degree from the same university in 1958. He entered aviation cadet training in December 1940 and graduated in August 1941 with a commission as second lieutenant and his pilot wings. Subsequently, he performed various flying duties at Jackson, Mississippi; Patterson Field, Ohio; and Barksdale Field, Louisiana.

He was ordered to the European Theater of Operations in September 1942, where he served as operations officer and then commander of the 319th Bombardment Group, Twelfth Air Force. He flew 91 combat missions in North Africa and Europe with a total of 390 combat hours primarily in B-26 Marauder aircraft. In November 1944 the 319th Group converted to B-25 Mitchell aircraft and used them for approximately two months before the group returned to the United States where it was reequipped with A-26 Invader aircraft. In May 1945 the group moved to Okinawa where it operated until August 1945. During this period, Holzapple flew eight combat missions over Japan and mainland China, totaling 33 combat hours.

Holzapple returned to the United States in February 1946 and was assigned to Headquarters Army Air Forces, Washington, D.C., with duties in the Requirements Division of the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Training and Requirements. He entered the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia, in August 1949 and completed the Joint Operations Course there in January 1950. He returned to Washington, D.C., and was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force for duties with the Air Force Special Weapons Project.

In September 1951 he was assigned to the Air Research and Development Command at Baltimore, Maryland, where he served first as the deputy for strategic air and later as assistant for operational readiness. From August 1954 to August 1955, he attended the National War College at Washington, D.C.

After graduation, Holzapple went overseas to RAF Sculthorpe to become commander of the 47th Bombardment Wing. In October 1956 he was assigned to U.S. Air Forces in Europe with headquarters at Wiesbaden, Germany, as deputy chief of staff for operations, and later became chief of staff.

In July 1958 Holzapple again was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force, this time as deputy director for operational forces with Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. In August 1959 he was assigned to the Air Research and Development Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, as assistant deputy commander for weapons systems management, and in July 1960 he became commander of Wright Air Development Division.

He was reassigned in July 1961 to Headquarters U.S. Air Force as assistant deputy chief of staff for systems and logistics. In May 1964 he became director of the Weapon Systems Evaluation Group, Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense. In September 1966 he returned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force as deputy chief of staff for research and development.

Holzapple became commander in chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, with headquarters at Lindsey Air Station, Wiesbaden, Germany, and commander of the Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force with headquarters at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, in January 1969. He received an honorary doctor of laws degree from the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1970. He retired from the Air Force on September 1, 1971, and died on November 14, 1973.

Awards and decorations
His military decorations included the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster, Air Medal with 18 oak leaf clusters, and Distinguished Unit Citation Emblem with oak leaf cluster. His foreign awards included the Croix de Guerre with etoile d'argent (France), the Croix de Guerre with palm (France), and the Distinguished Flying Cross (Great Britain). He was a command pilot.

References

See also
List of commanders of USAFE

United States Air Force generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
1914 births
1973 deaths
Military personnel from Peoria, Illinois
Bradley University alumni
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army Air Forces officers


The Educational and Training Services form part of the Adjutant General's Corps and have done since 1992 when this Corps of the British Army was formed. Their remit is to continue the general education of soldiers and officers alike, as well as the actual military training of the soldiers of the Army.

History
The Educational and Training Services Branch can trace its history back to 1762 when the First Regiment of Guards (Grenadiers) based at the Tower of London established a Unit School. In 1797 the Royal Artillery opened a Regimental School at Woolwich Station, and in 1812 the British Parliament first provided funding for Army schools. This was the first widespread, state funded education system in the United Kingdom.

Following the establishment of the Regimental School System, all Army Sergeant Schoolmasters were formally trained in The Monitorial System this being the most modern form of instruction at the time. Thus, the Corps of Army Schoolmasters was established in 1845 to provide Education for Soldiers and their families. References exist to Army Schools, now Army Education Centres, being in operation continually since 1898.

In 1992 the Royal Army Educational Corps was disbanded and its Officers transferred into the newly formed Educational and Training Services Branch of the Adjutant General's Corps.

Traditions
Members of the ETS Branch are entitled to wear blue socks with their Number 2 Service Dress (British Army) uniforms; this is a unique part of their uniform, as a variation of socks is not seen in other units which wear infantry pattern service dress. This stems from a Royal Warrant of 1854 which instructed Army Schoolmasters to wear: "a blue frock-coat, heavily braided in black, and worn with gold shoulder-knots, a sword and a crimson silk sash, and a cap with scarlet band, bearing a crown in gold thread".

Organisation
ETS is an all officer, all graduate, branch.  It provides education to Regular and Reserve Army personnel, helping them to meet the challenges of the 21st century by training for certainty and educating for uncertainty. Officers are primarily employed as follows:

Learning and Development Advisors (LDAs - usually in the rank of Major) who specialise in the analysis, design, delivery and assurance of Defence wide training and educational courses.
Training Development Advisors (TDAs - usually in the rank of Captain) in the Army's Capability Directorates, Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command.
Specialist Language Training Managers within the Defence Centre for Languages and Culture  in either Foreign or English Language training. For example, Officer in Command of the Pre-RMAS course for Officer Cadets from foreign militaries attending courses at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

Army Education Centres
The original authority for the establishment of Army Education Centres was granted in 1947 for "up to eighty education centres, wherever a concentration of 1500 men or more had displayed a need". Currently, the below are in operation:

Career pathway
An ETS Officer would usually start their career in one of two roles: Learning Development Officer (LDO) in an Army Education Centre, or an instructor at the Army Foundation College Harrogate (AFC(H)). Later roles include: Army Training Regiment (ATR) LDOs or Platoon Commanders, Army School of Education (ASE) Instructor, or assignments in the wider Army.

Affiliation
The Educational and Training Services Branch is a member of the International Association for Military Pedagogy (IAMP).

Affiliated corps
  - Royal Australian Army Educational Corps
  - Royal New Zealand Educational Corps

Notable alumni
 Quentin Blake (cartoonist) during National Service served in the Royal Army Education Corps.
 "I joined the educational corps and taught enlisted boys at Aldershot": "I tried to teach them English, which in most cases meant punctuation and spelling. In some ways it was like Dotheboys Hall, and they used to run away. Towards the end of my two years, I illustrated what I suppose was my first book, a pamphlet called English on Parade."
Archie Cecil Thomas White VC after serving as a captain in the Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) transferred to the Army Education Corps and reached the rank of Colonel to serve as Command Education Officer Home Forces from November 1940 to August 1943.
Ronald Barnes, 3rd Baron Gorell founder of the Royal Army Education Corps on 15 June 1920.
Leonard Rossiter served as a Sergeant in the Army Education Corps during the Second World War.
Brigadier Edward Keith Bryne Furze was a Military Knight of Windsor from 1955 to 1971, he is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

Richard Foord elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tiverton and Honiton in 2022.

References

External links
ETS Branch on the Army website

Adjutant General's Corps
Military units and formations established in 1992
British Army training


Aceria malherbae is a species of gall mite known as the bindweed gall mite. It is used as an agent of biological pest control on invasive species of bindweed, particularly field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).

This mite is native to central and southern Europe and northern Africa. It was imported from Greece and released in the US state of Texas in 1989. It is now established in Texas and surrounding states, where it has been known to reduce the density of invasive field bindweed. The adult mite is nearly microscopic and looks like a minute yellow maggot with two pairs of legs. The nymph is similar in appearance to the adult. The adult and the nymph both damage the plant, feeding on the leaves during the warmer seasons when the plant is growing, and on stem and root buds when the plant is dormant over the winter. Galls form on damaged plant tissues, causing leaves to warp and curl and stems and roots to grow out stunted if at all.

References

 Coombs, E. M., et al., (2004). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 153.

External links
 Lauriault, L. M., et al. Managing Aceria malherbae gall mites for control of field bindweed. New Mexico State Cooperative Extension

Eriophyidae

Animals described in 1985
Arachnids of Africa
Arachnids of Europe
Arachnids of North America
Galls
Invasive plants biological control agents


Gedeo is a Highland East Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic family spoken in south central Ethiopia. Alternate names for the language include Derasa, Deresa, Darassa, Geddeo, Derasanya, Darasa.  It is spoken by the Gedeo people, who live in the highland area, southwest of Dila and east of Lake Abaya.

The languages has SOV word order.  Verbs are marked for person, number, and gender of subject.  Verbs are marked for voice: active, causative, middle, and passive.

The New Testament was published in the Gedeo language in 1986, using the Ethiopian syllabary.

References

Sources
 Wedekind, Klaus. 1980. "Sidamo, Gedeo (Derasa), Burji: Phonological differences and likenesses," Journal of Ethiopian Studies 14: 131-76.
 Wedekind, Klaus. 1985. "Gedeo (Derasa) verb morphology and morphophonemics," The verb morphophonemics of five highland east Cushitic languages, including Burji.  Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 2. Cologne: Institut für Afrikanistik.  Pages 82–109.

External links
 Introduction to Gedeo dictionary (archived)
 Gedeo dictionary (archived)

East Cushitic languages
Languages of Ethiopia


Expenditures by Canadian corporations on research and development accounted for about 50% of all spending on scientific research and development in Canada in 2007.

In the corporate sector research and development tends to focus on the creation or invention of new products and services or more commonly the incremental improvement of existing products and services. A good example of the former would be the invention of the BlackBerry, by the Waterloo, Ontario-based company, Research in Motion, while an example of the latter would be the development of a new class of aircraft, the regional jet by Bombardier Aerospace of Montreal, Quebec.

It is rare for corporations to undertake what might be considered "pure" scientific research. In almost all cases the corporate bottom line is a paramount consideration and the payoff for such activity is not usually immediately evident. However it is true that there are times when the difference between the two is not at all clear, as was the case for example, with atomic research at Chalk River, Ontario, during World War II and in the post war years, which led to the development of the CANDU power reactor. More recently, research in the field of nanotechnology blurs the distinction as well. Is investigation into the principles of the manipulation of atoms science or engineering?

In 2006 total spending on scientific and industrial research in Canada amounted to C$28.067 billion or about 2 percent of GDP. In 2006 Canadian corporations spent C$14.858 billion on research and development, representing about half of all R&D spending in Canada and about one percent of Canada's GDP.

In 2007 Canadian corporations spent C$15.773 billion on research and development, again representing about half of all R&D expenditures in Canada and an amount equal to about one percent of the GDP.

Below is a list of the largest corporate R&D spenders in Canada ranked by size. Also described are sectorial R&D expenditures for the fiscal year 2006. A section that lists some important government R&D funding agencies is also included.

Largest Canadian corporate research and development spenders

Canada's ICT Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year (in US$ millions)
Nortel Networks Corporation*       1,855.9     Comm/telecom equipment
Bell Canada                            1,436.0     Telecommunications services
ATI Technologies Inc.*                 372.5       Computer equipment
IBM Canada Ltd. (fs)                   283.1       Software and computer services
Ericsson Canada Inc. (fs)              165.9       Comm/telecom equipment
Alcatel Canada Inc. (fs)               160.1       Comm/telecom equipment
Cognos Incorporated*                   106.0       Software & computer services
Telus Corporation                      103.2       Telecommunications services
Research In Motion Limited*            101.2       Comm/telecom equipment
PMC Sierra, Ltd. (fs)                   85.1       Electronic parts and components
Zarlink Semiconductor Inc.*             65.2       Comm/telecom equipment
Open Text Corporation*                   65.1      Software & computer services
 CGI Group Inc.                           64.5      Software & computer services
Geac Computer Corporation Limited*+      57.9      Software & computer services
Hummingbird Ltd.*                        46.4      Software & computer services
Aastra Technologies Limited              43.2      Comm/telecom equipment
Motorola Canada Limited (fs)             42.1      Comm/telecom equipment
Mitel Networks Corporation*              41.4      Comm/telecom equipment
Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007)
Canada's Life Sciences Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year (in US$ Millions)
Apotex Inc.                         151.1
Pfizer Canada Inc. (fs)                 147.5
GlaxoSmithKline Inc. (fs)               111.8
Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. (fs)            96.6
Biovail Corporation*                     88.9
AstraZeneca Canada Inc. (fs)             79.8
Sanofi Pasteur Limited (fs)              76.6
QLT Inc.*                                74.6
MDS Inc.                                 71.8
Sanofi-aventis Canada Inc. (fs)          59.6
Vasogen Inc.                             59.1
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. (fs) 53.6
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (fs)                 50.0
Neurochem Inc.                             41.7
Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007)
Canada's Aerospace Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year (in US$ Millions)
Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (fs)       389.5
Bombardier Inc.*                     175.0
CAE Inc.                                 88.8
Honeywell Canada (fs)                    76.0
MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. 40.4
Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007)
Canada's Energy, Oil and Gas Top Corporate R&D Spenders 2005 Fiscal Year (in US$ Millions)
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited      218.0
Suncor Energy Inc.                       89.1
EnCana Corporation*                      80.0
Ballard Power Systems Inc.*              75.5
Imperial Oil Limited                     56.1
Syncrude Canada Ltd.                     36.6
Source: RESEARCH Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007)

Industrial research and development expenditures by sector

 Canadian Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) by Performing Sectors - 2006 Estimates
 C$ Millions
 Business Enterprises   14,850,    52.4%
 Higher Education   10,890,    38.4%
 Federal Government   2,145,    7.6%
 Provincial Government   345,    1.2%
 Provincial Research Organizations   127,    0.4%
 Total   28,357,    100.0%
 Source: Statistics Canada, Science Statistics September 2006 (2/2007)
 Canadian Industrial Intramural R&D Expenditures, Selected Industries - 2006 Estimates
 C$ Millions
 Machinery   488
 Motor Vehicles and parts   537
 Wholesale Trade   767
 Semiconductor & other electronic components   869
 Aerospace products and parts   912
 Computer system design & related services   1,056
 Scientific research & development services   1,142
 Pharmaceutical & medicine   1,293
 Information & cultural industries   1,518
 Communication Equipment   1,580
 Source: Statistics Canada, Science Statistics September 2006 (2/2007)
 Canadian Industrial Intramural R&D Expenditures in Six Sub-group - 2006 Estimates
 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting       80
 Mining and oil and gas extraction       261
 Utilities       197
 Construction       46
 Manufacturing       8,273
 Communication Equipment   1,580
 Pharmaceutical & medicine   1,293
 Aerospace products and parts   912
 Semiconductor & other electronic components   869
 Motor Vehicles and parts   537
 Machinery   488
 Paper   468
 Navig., measuring, medical & control instruments   345
 Other manufacturing industries   1,781
Services       5,993
 Information and cultural industries   1,518
 Scientific research & development services   1,142
 Computer system design & related services   1,056
 Wholesale Trade   767
 Architectural, engineering and real estates   442
 Health care and social assistance   364
 Finance, insurance and real estate   356
 All other services   348
Total All Industries       14,850
Source: Statistics Canada, Science Statistics August 2006 (2/2007)

Government industrial research and development funding agencies

 Revenue Canada - Ottawa, Ontario
 Scientific Research and Experimental Development Programme,
 Federal government tax advantages for industrial research and development.
National Research Council of Canada - Ottawa, Ontario
 NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP)- Ottawa (Montreal Road Campus), Ontario and NRC-IRAP across Canada,
 Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation - Toronto, Ontario
 Commercialization and Funding Organizations
 Early Researcher Awards
 The Health Technology Exchange
 Innovation Demonstration Fund
 International Strategic Opportunities Program
 Ontario Commercialization Investment Funds
 Ontario Fuel Cell Innovation Programme
 Ontario Research Commercialization Program
 Premiers Discovery Awards
 Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Research and Development Corporation

See also

 Canadian government scientific research organizations
 Canadian university scientific research organizations
 Science and technology in Canada

References

 Canadian government public web site: Innovation in Canada : https://web.archive.org/web/20081108044139/http://innovation.gc.ca/
 Statistics Canada, Domestic spending on research and development (GERD)
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080326180156/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/scte03.htm
 Research Infosource Inc., Canada's Top 100 Corporate R&D List, 2006 (2/2007)

Research and development in Canada


Rickmers may refer to:

People

 Erck Rickmers, a German businessman and politician

Ships

 R. C. Rickmers (1906), a German five-masted steel clipper barque
 Rickmer Rickmers, a museum ship in Hamburg, Germany
SS Claus Rickmers, a cargo ship which was built in 1923 for Rickmers Reederei AG

Other uses

 Rickmers Group, an international provider of services for the maritime industry


Gavin Bradley is a Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature "warm" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations 1. Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.

Early years
Growing up in Ottawa, Bradley began studying classical piano at four. At age 10, he obtained a pre-1900 Nordheimer upright piano. Bradley eventually used a sampler to record each key of this oddly detuned piano at many different volumes, recreating a digital version of it to be used as an organic centerpiece in his recordings and later on in his live shows.  Also studying jazz saxophone from 14, saxophonists Stuart Matthewman of Sade, Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.

In his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units.  Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order, William Orbit and Björk.

Early studio work
In 1991, Bradley relocated to Toronto to study film and music at York University and began a residency at Toronto club Work.  In 1992 he began an apprenticeship in Toronto recording studio Number Nine Sound and later was an assistant engineer at R&B production house TazzDab Productions.  His early production work included remixes for R&B singer Carlos Morgan, Canadian independent artist Jane Siberry and as well as Sony Music artist Esthero.

Collaborations
Through Esthero's manager, Canadian Idol judge Zack Werner, Bradley met and began collaborating with Jon Levine, songwriter and keyboard player for The Philosopher Kings.  Together they worked with EMI artist Dayna Manning and received a Best R&B Recording Juno Award for JackSoul's 'Sleepless' album on BMG Records. In 2007 they collaborated on 'Calling to Say' for EMI artist Serena Ryder, which rose to No. 1 on the Canadian charts.

Bradley's work on Nelly Furtado's third album 'Loose' brought him to the attention of Los Angeles writer-producer Rick Nowels resulting in collaborations on material for Joss Stone, Kylie Minogue, Charlotte Church and Shaznay Lewis of All Saints.  Holly Knight, another Los Angeles writer-producer brought Bradley in to work on material for The Donnas, Alaina Beaton and Joe Elliot of Def Leppard.

In 2009 Bradley began composing music for film and theatre. He was nominated for an Outstanding Sound Design/Composition Dora Award for the Darren Anthony play Secrets of a Black Boy.

Solo singer-songwriter work
In 2006 Bradley released 'Deep Freeze', his first solo album as a singer-songwriter, on Prozzak/Philosopher Kings guitarist James Bryan's label UMI Records.  In Canadian newspaper The National Post interviewer Mike Doherty refers to 'Bradley's trademark piano, which sounds as though it were recorded underwater'2.  In that article, Bradley explains that his breathy vocals and organic piano sound are intentionally set against inhuman, icy beats and sterile analog synthesizer sweeps to accentuate their warmth and humanness by contrast. In 2006 and 2007 Bradley toured the album in Canada with James Bryan's project Sunshine State.  The tracks 'In The Way', 'Games', 'Love Song 1968', 'I Wonder Where You Are' and 'Deep Freeze' enjoyed radio play in Canada and the U.S.

'Daylight Fading Out' followed in 2012 and the 'Sea & Space' EP in 2013, both on Bradley's own Afternoon Tea label.

The dual-album project 'Quiet Life' and 'Violet Life' released digitally on October 14, 2022 features 10 songs presented with the same lead vocal but with a jazz trio and electronic backdrop respectively. The podcast series 'Liner Notes' chronicled the making of the albums.

House music projects
Under the alias Gavo, Bradley has also produced a steady stream of remixes including work for Atlantic Records artist Tori Amos, EMI artist Thomas Dolby and Nelly Furtado.  In 2000 his remix of Furtado's 'I'm Like A Bird' was cited as a Dance Hot Plate in Billboard Magazine.

Bradley also maintains ongoing collaborations with Toronto DJ Dwayne Minard with disco-house project Righteous and electro-funk project White Punks On Dope.  The Righteous single 'Love Is Love' featuring New York singer MJ White on vocals was released on the prestigious UK-based Hed Kandi label.  White Punks On Dope have performed live at various locales around Toronto, including Shane Percy's Candybar party series in 2007. House singles recorded with Toronto DJ Deko-ze have been released on Toronto-based Hi-Bias Records under the moniker Deko-ze'n'Gavo.

Solo discography
Gavin Bradley – "Deep Freeze" (Album 2006)
Gavin Bradley – "Daylight Fading Out (Album 2012)
Gavin Bradley – "Sea & Space" (EP 2013)
Gavin Bradley – "Quiet Life" (Album 2022)
Gavin Bradley – "Violet Life" (Album 2022)
Gavin Bradley – "A Day With Nothing Planned: Outtakes 2002–2012" (Compilation of outtakes & songs for film/TV)
Righteous ft. Gavin Bradley – "In The Way"
Dwayne Minard ft. Gavin Bradley – "Hobbies"
DJ Meme ft. Gavin Bradley – "The Sun Is Coming Out"
DJ Meme ft. Gavin Bradley – "Call For Me"
James Bryan & Gavin Bradley – "Kelly"
Gavin Bradley & James Bryan – "And I Love Her"
Gavin Bradley & James Bryan – "Norwegian Wood"
No-Lab ft. Gavin Bradley – "(I've Got To) Free Myself"

Writing and production discography
All About Maggie – "Paint My Name"
All About Maggie – "Up Close To You"
Amanda Morra – "Rewind"
Amanda Morra – "Whiplash"
Amy Kate – "Leave The Right Way"
Anjulie – "Real Man"
Anjulie – "Today"
Canute Davis – "Traveling"
Cory Stewart – "Do You"
Cory Stewart – "Poison"
Cory Stewart - "Grab the Fire"
Cory Stewart - "Why Do I Even Try"
Cory Stewart - "7 Different Sides"
Dayna Manning – "Anytown"
Deko-ze'n'Gavo – "This Time"
Deko-ze'n'Gavo ft. Camille Douglas – "Explosive"
Deko-ze'n'Gavo – "Like A Fool"
Fritz Helder & The Phantoms – "Greatest Hits" (Full Length CD)
Gavo – "Four-Story House" (EP)
Gavin Bradley ft. Melissa Stylianou – "I Lose You"
Jordan Alexander – "Not That Girl"
Kenneth Thomas ft. Roberta Carter-Harrison & Steven Taetz – "Drive"
Lexi Tellings – "Nirvana"
Mackenta – "Over The Influence EP"
Mackenta – "Dawn"
Mackenta – "No Finesse"
Mackenta – "When The Poison Drained EP"
Parade Of Old Souls – "Little Locked Boxes" (Full Length CD)
Parade Of Old Souls – "Little Locked Remixes" (EP)
Parade Of Old Souls – "Statues" (Full Length CD)
Parade Of Old Souls – "Monuments" (EP)
Righteous – "The DJ Plays"
Righteous – "Soul Clappin'"
Serena Ryder – "Calling To Say (Merry Christmas)" – Canadian A/C Radio No. 1
Simone Denny – "Because Of Love"
Steve Foster – "Sad Love Song"
Tristan Jackson – "Antigravity"
Tristan Jackson – "Save The World Tonight"
White Punks On Dope ft Ricky Franco – "Emergency"
White Punks On Dope ft. Barbi Castelvi – "I'm Done"
White Punks On Dope – "Destination: House"
White Punks On Dope ft Fritz Helder – "Chemicalz"

Production discography
Alaina Beaton – "Normal For A Day"
All About Maggie – "Running Away"
All About Maggie – "Sweetest Heartache"
Aviva Thierry – "Better Not Today"
Brother Love Canal – "A New Level" (EP)
Careless – "Close The Door"
Careless – "Never Far"
Charlotte Church – "Safe In My Arms"
Chrissie Hynde & Michel Bérubé – "Laisse-Moi T'Aimer"
Company Freak – "Get Myself Together"
The Donnas – "Here For The Party"
Dwayne Minard – "Habitat"
Esthero – "Windmills Of My Mind"
Esthero – "Getting Better"
Esthero – "Feelin' Alright"
Jacksoul – "Can't Stop" – Best R&B Juno Award
Jacksoul – "She's Gone"
Jacksoul – "I Miss You"
Joe Elliot – "Wanna Piece"
Joss Stone – "Unbreakable"
Kaci – "I Think I Love You" – UK Top 5
Kurt Stylez – "Car Wash"
Kylie Minogue – "Whenever You Feel Like It"
LeAnn Rimes – "You Are"
LP – "Till It's Over"
L.E.X. ft. Niki Haris – "Give Me The Music"
Micah Barnes – "Domesticated" (EP)
Nelly Furtado – "Special To You"
Nelly Furtado – "Run Away"
Righteous – "Stay Together"
Righteous – "Unknown Pleasures"
Righteous – "Solace"
Righteous – "MHR"
Righteous ft. MJ White – "Love Is Love"
Shaky Knees – "All That You Deserve"
Shaznay Lewis (All Saints) – "OMG"

Vocal production discography
Andy Grammer – "Back Home"
Shawn Hook – "Believe You Now"
Syv De Blare – "Crash"
Syv De Blare – "Wake"

Remix discography
69 Duster – "Candy Girl"
Anne Murray – "Someone Else Today"
Beck – "Mixed Bizness"
Brandy – "Almost Doesn't Count"
Brother Love Canal – "So Far Away"
Carlos Morgan – "Feelin' Alright"
Carlos Morgan – "Get Down To It"
Company Freak – "Andre Leon Talley"
Cory Lee – "Play Dumb"
Dayna Manning – "I'm The Girl"
DVSN – "Hallucinations"
Dwayne Minard – "Butch Queen"
Erasure – "A Little Respect"
Donatella Movement ft. MJ White – "Love Can Be"
Esthero – "Heaven Sent"
Esthero – "Country Livin'"
Esthero – "That Girl"
Jacksoul – "Never Say Goodbye"James Bryan – "Beautiful World"
James Bryan – "I Left My Heart In Brooklyn"
Jane Siberry – "The Taxi Ride"
Jane Siberry – "I Muse Aloud"
Jane Siberry – "Mimi On The Beach"
Jon Levine – "Hot Girls"
Keshia Chanté – "2U"
Mic Boogie – "Everybody's Doin' It"
Mic Boogie – "Good Look"
Nelly Furtado – "Party's Just Begun"
Nelly Furtado – "I'm Like A Bird" – Billboard Dance Hot Plate
Nelly Furtado – "Try"
The Nylons – "Smalltown Boy"
Mackenta – "Issues"
Michelle Blade – "Crying Over You"
Meeka – "Whatcha Gonna Do"
My Dear Heretic – "I'm Not Driving"
Rhea's Obsession – "Waves (Take Me Alive)"
Senor Kasio – "Big Fake Turkey"
Suzanne Nuttall – "Trophy Wife"
Syv de Blare – "Wake"
The Philosopher Kings – Supersex 69"
The Philosopher Kings – "Charms"
Public Enemy – "Public Enemy No. 1"
Thomas Dolby – "She Blinded Me With Science"
Tori Amos – "Horses" – Dance Music Authority citation
Tori Amos – "Putting The Damage On"
Usher – "You Make Me Wanna"

Film and theatre composition
Secrets of a Black Boy (Play) – Outstanding Sound Design/Composition Dora Nomination
How Black Mothers Say I Love You (Play)
Bunny (Short Film)
Last Vestiges (Short Film)
Our Dance Of Revolution (Feature Documentary)

External links
 Gavin Bradley Official Site
 Gavin Bradley on Facebook
 Gavin Bradley at MySpace
 Apathy Is Boring Profile
 Righteous Official Site
 Righteous at MySpace
 White Punks On Dope at MySpace

References
1National Post Interview
2National Post Interview

Canadian rhythm and blues musicians
Canadian record producers
Canadian male songwriters
Canadian pop singers
Canadian male singers
Canadian dance musicians
Living people
Musicians from Ottawa
Singers from Toronto
Remixers
Writers from Ottawa
Writers from Toronto
Year of birth missing (living people)


Dirasha (also known as Ghidole, Diraasha, Dirayta, Gidole, Gardulla, Dhirasha) is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. It is spoken in the Omo region of Ethiopia, in the hills west of Lake Chamo, around the town of Gidole.

A number of speakers also use Oromo or Konso. According to Wondwosen, the "Dirasha" is the name of the people, and the name of the language is given variously as "Dirashitata, Dirayta and Diraytata" (2006:3,4).

The language has a three ejective consonant phonemes and two implosive consonant phonemes, fitting the pattern of the Ethiopian Language Area. It has two tones and five vowels.  Duration (or gemination) is distinctive for both consonants and vowels (Wondwosen 2006:9,10).

Phonology

Phonetic Inventory: Consonant IPA Symbols
Dirayta transcription utilizes symbols that differ from those of the traditional IPA chart. Each ejective may be written two ways.

When /n/ and /ʔ/ occur as /nʔ/, they contract to form ŋ. /n/ and /ʔ/ must occur in that sequence, with no intervening vowels or consonants.

Phonetic Inventory: Vowel IPA Symbols

Low and High Tones
-Dirayta is a 2-tone language.

-Low Tone: Absence of accentual markings

-High Tone: Represented by acute accent diacritic above vowel (í, é, á, ú, ó, ɔ́)

-Mandatory for monosyllabic CVC and disyllabic CVC/CVVC words

-For disyllabic words, only one syllable may contain high tone.

-High tone is (mostly) assigned to the first vowel within the initial syllable. However, high tone may be assigned to the first vowel within the ultimate syllable.

-For trisyllabic words, high tone is (mostly) assigned to the ultimate syllable. However, high tone may be assigned to BOTH initial and ultimate syllables.

References
Wondwosen Tesfaye Abire. 2006. Aspects of Diraytata Morphology and Syntax: A Lexical-Functional Grammar Approach.  University of Trondheim, doctoral thesis.

External links
Klaus Wedekind, "Sociolinguistic Survey Report of the Languages of the Gawwada (Dullay), Diraasha (Gidole), Muusiye (Bussa) Areas" SIL Electronic Survey Reports: SILESR 2002-065 (contains a word-list of Dirasha, with 320 entries)

East Cushitic languages
Languages of Ethiopia


KKUT (93.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Mount Pleasant, Utah and serving the Provo metropolitan area. The station is owned by Mid-Utah Radio and licensed to Sanpete County Broadcasting Co. The format is known as 93.7 The Wolf.

The station has been assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission since March 1, 2016.

The current KKUT signed on October 1, 2013 using the nickname 'Sky FM', and has aired a hot adult contemporary format.

History
The station was previously known as KKWZ, beginning on January 26, 1981. On April 18, 1997, the station changed its call sign to KCYQ, on August 8, 2005 to KLGL, on November 9, 2012 to KUTC, and on March 1, 2016 to the current KKUT.

Originally licensed to serve Richfield, Utah, the station was licensed to serve Mount Pleasant on August 21, 2013.

On September 19, 2016 KKUT changed their format from hot adult contemporary to country, branded as "93.7 The Wolf".

KKUT broadcasts in HD Radio.

References

External links

KUT
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1981
1981 establishments in Utah


The Sub-district II of Żoliborz (of Armia Krajowa) (Polish: Obwód II Żoliborz also named as Obwód Żywiciel) - a territorial organisational unit of the District of Warsaw of Armia Krajowa. It covered the area of Żoliborz in Warsaw, fought in conspiracy during the German occupation of Poland during World War II and openly during the Warsaw Uprising 1944.

Period of conspiracy
The origin of the sub-district goes down to various conspiracy organisations like Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego (Engl.: Association of Polish Scouts), Association of Reservists, Polish Socialist Party.

The oldest conspiracy association was formed in Żoliborz by soldiers of the 21st Infantry Regiment "Children of Warsaw" (Polish 21 Pułk Piechoty "Dzieci Warszawy". The command of it was assumed by major Stefan Obrąbski and after his arrest and deportation to a P.O.W. camp, the command was assumed by officer cadet Stefan Szuba. The first commander of the Sub-district II of Żoliborz was major Stanisław Thun pseudonym Nawrot. After him the command as assumed by major Mieczysław Niedzielski pseudonyms "Żywiciel" or "Wojciechowski" or "Sadowik".

Organisation
The sub-district II of Żoliborz included four regions:

Region I Żoliborz - commanded by captain Marian Kamiński pseudonyms "Żaglowiec" or "Ster" or "Jur";
Region II Marymont - commanded by captain of horse Adam Rzeszotarski pseudonyms "Żmija" or "Junosza" or "Sum";
Region III Bielany - commanded by captain Marian Masternak pseudonym "Zwoliński" (until 1943) - then by major Władysław Nowakowski pseudonyms "Serb" or "Żubr";
Region IV Powązki - commanded by captain Kazimierz Nowacki pseudonym "Szkodnik". The region also included four platoons of the Oddziały Wojskowe Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej (Engl.:  Military Units of the Polish Socialist Party commanded by sec. lieutenant Roman Dąbrowski pseudonym "Stary".
The number of the sub-district in the beginning of 1944 amounted to 2,000 soldiers.

Tasks assigned for an uprising case
Units of the sub-district were assigned the following tasks in case of military uprising:
From the south: to seize the Warsaw Citadel, the Traugutt Fort, the Legions Fort, the Warsaw Gdańsk Station,
From the west: to seize the Institute of Chemistry, the Bem fort, Boernerowo and an anti-aircraft artillery battery in Buraków,
From the north: to seize the complex of the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education (Polish: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Józefa Piłsudskiego, the Bielany airfield and the Gas School in Marymont

Course of combat in the Warsaw Uprising 1944

On 1 August at the hour "W" 60% of soldiers turned up in the place of mobilisation. Because of shortages of weapon and failure to use the factor of surprise, attacks of the insurgent units were forced back. The sub-district's units suffered large losses in people and equipment.

In the evening on 1 August lieutenant-colonel "Żywiciel" made a decision to withdraw the units to the Kampinos Forest and sent a woman liaison officer Ludmiła Bassalik-Chabielska pseudonym "Irena" with a report of the situation and a request of further orders to the commander of the District of Warsaw colonel Antoni Chruściel pseudonym "Monter". The same officer returned to the sub-district's units stationed in Sieraków with the order of immediate return of the units into their abandoned positions in Żoliborz. On  4 August the units reached the center of Żoliborz and joined the course of fights.

Lieutenant-colonel "Żywiciel" reorganised the sub-district II and ordered to re-group the units. He created 6 groups (Polish: zgrupowanie plural: zgrupowania) of the line, with cryptonyms starting from letter "Ż":
 Żaglowiec Group (Sailing-ship Group) (Polish: "Zgrupowanie Żaglowiec"),
 Żbik Group (Wildcat Group) (Polish: "Zgrupowanie Żbik"),
 Żmija Group (Viper Group) (Polish: "Zgrupowanie Żmija"),
 Żniwiarz Group (Harvester Group) (Polish: "Zgrupowanie Żniwiarz").
 Żubr Group (Aurochs Group''') (Polish: "Zgrypowanie Żubr"),
 Żyrafa Group (Giraffe Group) (Polish: "Zgrupowanie Żyrafa").

Carrying on heavy fights and suffering large losses, the units of the sub-district hold out on until the capitulation of Żoliborz on 30 September 1944.

The following persons, among others, fought in the sub-district: Henryk Ligięza, Danuta Przystasz, Jan Strzelecki and Zygmunt Trószyński.

See also
 Military description of the Warsaw Uprising

References
 Struktura Organizacyjna Armii Krajowej'', Marek Ney-Krwawicz w: Mówią wieki nr 9/1986.

Units and formations of the Home Army
Warsaw Uprising


An important biofuel in the United Kingdom is biojet.

Biodiesel is rapidly becoming more common in a number of developed countries and the environmental effects of using biodiesel either as a blend such as B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% petrodiesel) or as a straight fuel stock may be different in various countries.  This is because the allowable amounts of sulphur and other compounds vary from country to country.  Additionally, the average temperature in a country will dictate the amount of biodiesel that can be blended into the fuel supply before the cold filter plugging point (the temperature at which the fluid will block a 45 µm filter) renders the fuel unusable. The national annex of BS EN 14214 specifies a maximum CFPP for B100 biodiesel of -15 °C in the winter (16 November - 15 March inclusive) and -5 °C for the rest of the year. As such, the benefits and disadvantages of biodiesel will vary from those in the United Kingdom.

Environmental benefits

Making and burning biodiesel contributes to atmospheric carbon dioxide to a smaller extent than burning fossil fuels. The calculation of exactly how much carbon dioxide is produced is a complex and inexact process, and is highly dependent on the method by which the biofuel is produced. For example, including the emissions associated with land-use change (LUC) substantially increases the carbon cost of biodiesel. The graph on the right shows the figures calculated by the UK Government for the Renewable transport fuel obligation.

Taxation

In the UK, drivers using SVO/PPO have in the past been prosecuted for failure to pay duty to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs. The rate of taxation on SVO was originally set at a reduced rate of 27.1p per litre, but in late 2005, HMRC started to enforce the full diesel excise rate of 47.2p per litre.

HMRC argued that SVOs/PPOs on the market from small producers did not meet the official definition of "biodiesel" in Section 2AA of The Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 (HODA), and consequently was merely a "fuel substitute" chargeable at the normal diesel rate. Such a policy seemed to contradict the UK Government's commitments to the Kyoto Protocol and to many EU directives and had many consequences, including an attempt to make the increase retroactive, with one organization being presented with a £16,000 back tax bill.  This change in the rate of excise duty effectively removed any commercial incentive to use SVO/PPO, regardless of its desirability on environmental grounds; unless waste vegetable oil can be obtained free of charge, the combined price of SVO/PPO and taxation for its use usually exceeded the price of mineral diesel. HMRC's interpretation is widely challenged by the SVO/PPO industry and the UK pure Plant Oil Association (UKPPOA) was formed to represent the interests of people using vegetable oil as fuel and to lobby parliament.

Following a review in late 2006,  HM Revenue & Customs has announced changes regarding the administration and collection of excise duty of biofuels and other fuel substitutes (Veg Oil). The changes came into effect on 30 June 2007. There is no longer a requirement to register to pay duty on vegetable oil used as road fuel for those who "produce" or use less than 2,500 litres per year. For those producing over this threshold the biodiesel rate now applies. From 1 June 2014 Production or Usage of Any Biofuel (inc SVO, Bio-Diesel etc.), Substitute or Additive is limited to 2500 litres. You must be registered to use or produce greater than 2500 L of Biofuel, Substitutes or Additives. Records must be kept for all production volumes and methodology regardless of quantities produced.

See also
Biodiesel
Biodiesel by region
Vegetable oil economy
Low-carbon economy
Energy crop
Energy law
Energy security
Renewable energy by country

References

External links
 Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources: Assessing Biofuels, United Nations Environment Programme, October 2009

Biofuel in the United Kingdom


The Barrett XM500 is a gas-operated, semi-automatic, anti materiel/sniper rifle currently in development by the Barrett Firearms Company.  It is fed by a 10-round detachable box magazine situated behind the trigger in bullpup configuration.

Based on the design of the Barrett M82/M107, it is intended to be a lighter, more compact alternative. Since the XM500 has a stationary barrel (instead of the recoiling-barrel design of the M82), it will likely have somewhat better accuracy. As with its predecessor, it comes with a removable, adjustable bipod mounted under the barrel, and a top-mounted Picatinny rail for attachment of a scope or other accessory.

See also
List of bullpup firearms
List of sniper rifles
Barrett M95
MACS M3
Dragunov SVU
OSV-96
Gepard GM6 Lynx
Barrett XM109

References

External links

.50 BMG sniper rifles
Barrett firearms
Bullpup rifles
Sniper rifles of the United States
Semi-automatic rifles
Anti-materiel rifles


Mark Ward may refer to:
 Mark Ward (footballer, born 1962), English footballer
 Mark Ward (footballer, born 1982), English footballer
 Mark Ward (Gaelic footballer) (born 1985), football player from Ireland
 Mark Ward (politician) (born 1974), Sinn Féin TD for Dublin Mid-West
 Mark Ward (theologian), American theologian
 Mark Ward, editor of Birds, the magazine of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds


Ani Idrus (25 November 1918 – 9 January 1999) was a prominent reporter and co-founder of the Waspada daily newspaper with her husband Mohamad Said on 1947.
Her career started in 1930 as a writer in the Panji Pustaka magazine, Jakarta. On 25 November 2019, Google celebrated her 101st birthday with a Google Doodle.

List of books
 Buku Tahunan Wanita (1953)
 Menunaikan Ibadah Haji ke Tanah Suci (1974)
 Wanita Dulu Sekarang dan Esok (1980)
 Terbunuhnya Indira Gandhi (1984)
 Sekilas Pengalaman dalam Pers dan Organisasi PWI di Sumatra Utara (1985)
 Doa Utama dalam Islam (1987)

References

External links
 Ensiklopedia Tokoh Indonesia

1918 births
1999 deaths
Indonesian journalists
Indonesian women journalists
20th-century journalists


The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1938 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1938. Republicans gained four districts. Franck R. Havenner, first elected to Congress as a Progressive, was elected for the rest of his House career as a Democrat.

Overview

Delegation composition

Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

District 8

District 9

District 10

District 11

District 12

District 13

District 14

District 15

District 16

District 17

District 18

District 19

District 20

See also
76th United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
1938 United States House of Representatives elections

References
California Elections Page
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present)
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions

1938
California United States House of Representatives
1938 California elections


CIDO-FM, branded as Creston Community Radio, was a community radio station broadcasting with an effective radiated power of 20 watts in the Southern Interior town of Creston, British Columbia, Canada. The non-commercial station, airing on 97.7 FM, was staffed entirely by members and volunteers of the Creston Community Radio Society.

History
The Society was founded in 2001 to provide locally based broadcasting in the Creston Area, after the Creston Valley's only commercial radio station discontinued its local broadcasting. The station branded itself as "977 CIDO, Creston Valley's Community Radio Station" and promoted itself as "A different view on a familiar valley." Also on the FM dial is CBTS-FM at 100.3 MHz (rebroadcasting CBTK-FM Kelowna, BC as part of the CBC Radio One network.

CIDO-FM's broadcast application to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission was approved in February 2005, allowing the society to broadcast as an English-language FM type B community radio station.

The station was one of several new community radio stations launched in the Kootenay region in the 2000s. Others include CJLY-FM in Nelson, CFAD-FM in Salmo, CJHQ-FM in Nakusp and CHLI-FM in Rossland.

The Creston radio scene changed again on August 7, 2015 when commercial radio station CKCV-FM took to the air. CIDO-FM’s licence was due to expire August 31, 2016 but the CRTC received word on August 3, 2016 that the station had closed and would not be seeking to have the licence renewed.

References

External links
 Creston Community Radio

IDO
IDO
Radio stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in British Columbia


Fufeng (扶风县) is a county in Shaanxi, China

Fufeng may also refer to:
Fufeng (region) (扶風), a historical region in modern Shaanxi, China
Fufeng Group (阜丰集团), monosodium glutamate and xanthan gum producer in China
Fufeng, Qimen County (凫峰镇), town in Qimen County, Anhui, China


FM 90.7 was a short term summer station in Whakatane New Zealand which operated between 5 January 1982 and 31 January 1982. This station is notably the very first FM station in New Zealand. FM 90.7 was operated as a summer station by Radio Bay Of Plenty Ltd who also operate a permanent station called One Double X or 1XX.

Station programming
The station only operated during the late afternoon and evenings from 4pm to midnight operating 2 shifts. Each night of the week FM 90.7 would play a different format programme to cater to different audiences.
 Monday: Country
 Tuesday: Album Rock
 Wednesday: Classical Music
 Thursday: Jazz
 Friday: Rock and Soul Music
 Saturday: Top 40 Music
 Sunday: Big Band & Beautiful Music

Outside these broadcast times the station was simply off the air, 1XX continued to operate its usual programme on 1242AM and was not allowed to broadcast its programme on this FM frequency. 1XX did not obtain its own permanent FM licence until 1988. FM 90.7 also made a return to the air during the following summer of 1982/83.

External links
FM 90.7 History
1XX Website

Radio stations in New Zealand
Mass media in Whakatāne
Defunct radio stations in New Zealand
Radio stations established in 1982
Radio stations disestablished in 1983


KLCY (105.5 FM) is a Country formatted radio station licensed to serve Vernal, Utah.  The station is owned by Ashley Communications, Inc.  It airs a country music format. The station is involved in a number of charitable and community projects.

Translators

References

External links
KLCY official website

LCY
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1980


The Medal of Honor Memorial is a monument located in White River State Park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is dedicated in honor of all recipients of the Medal of Honor, the United States military's highest award for valor. The memorial was unveiled May 28, 1999, during Memorial Day weekend. The memorial is part of the Indiana War Memorials Commission.

Design
The Memorial is located on the north bank of the Indiana Central Canal, adjacent to Military Park, and consists of 27 glass panels set in concrete bases. Indiana Limestone in shades of buff, gray, and pink are also a part of the monument. The panels are arranged into 15 walls, each representing an armed conflict in which a Medal of Honor was awarded. The names of the recipients are etched into the glass. At the time of dedication, there were 3,436 Medal of Honor recipients etched into the monument.

The Memorial also contains an elaborate lighting system that illuminates certain panels to correspond with a 30-minute audio tour that is played over a speaker system. The audio tour is made up of stories about the wars, and accounts of living Medal recipients. Many of the stories were recorded by Medal of Honor recipients.

Origin
After reading an article in The New York Times about a June 1998 meeting in upstate New York of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, John Hodowal, chairman of the Indianapolis-based Indianapolis Power & Light (IPALCO), and his wife, Caroline, were inspired to assist in the creation of a memorial to honor these individuals whose courageous acts earned them the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military honor. The site that was chosen was the same area where Indianapolis' first recorded Independence Day celebration was held. Additionally, the site was utilized as a military camp during the U.S. Civil War.

Construction and dedication
Site preparation began in November 1998, and construction of the memorial began in January 1999. 96 living Medal of Honor recipients attended the unveiling and dedication of the monument on May 28, 1999, the last Memorial Day of the millennium.

Designers and sponsor
The designers of the monument were architect landscape artists Eric Fulford and Ann Reed of ROAMworks. IPALCO Enterprises sponsored the monument.

Award
The Memorial received a 2001 Merit Award from the American Society of Landscape Architects.

See also

Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial
 Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial
Texas Medal of Honor Memorial

References

Medal of Honor
Military monuments and memorials in the United States
Monuments and memorials in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Indianapolis
White River State Park
1999 sculptures
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1999
Glass works of art
Concrete sculptures in Indiana
Tourist attractions in Indianapolis
Limestone sculptures in Indiana
1999 establishments in Indiana


Fort De La Boulaye Site, also known as Fort Mississippi, is the site of a fort built by the French in south Louisiana in 1699–1700, to support their claim of the Mississippi River and valley. Native Americans forced the French to vacate the fort by 1707.

The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, as part of the history of French colonization of the area. The state of Louisiana had earlier erected an historical marker, with the following text:
FORT de la BOULAYE  First white settlement in present-day Louisiana, erected by Bienville in 1699 on this spot (then the bank of the Mississippi), prevented Britain's seizure of the Mississippi Valley.

History
In 1698, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, and his brothers, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and Antoine Le Moyne de Châteauguay, participated in an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River. It could be difficult to find among the many competing bayous and waterways.

In 1699, they founded Fort Mississippi on a ridge a little more than one kilometer from the shore of the river, on the east bank, and about twenty kilometers south of the future city of New Orleans.  The fort was completed in 1700. It was built in stockade wood and defended by six guns, in order to protect the region from attacks and incursions by the English and Spanish. The fort was renamed Fort de la Boulaye and was commanded by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.

In 1707, the Caddoan tribe, hostile to the presence of encroaching soldiers, forced them to abandon the fort and to go to the French settlement of Biloxi.  Only the officer Juchereau de St. Denis, friend of the Caddo, was permitted to continue living in the fort. Garrisons of French troops occasionally visited the site. In 1714, Juchereau de St. Denis was assigned to lead a new expedition, with the objective of defending the western boundaries of Louisiana (New France). He established Fort des Natchitoches.

By the middle of the 18th century Fort de la Boulaye was abandoned. Tropical storms eventually destroyed this fort.

In the 20th century archaeologists conducted surveys and located the site of fort; they found remnants of palisade and building logs, burned poles, and evidence of a cannonball. The site has been designated a National Historic Landmark.

See also
Fort de la Balize
National Register of Historic Places listings in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana

References

External links
Fort De La Boulaye Collection at The Historic New Orleans Collection

National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana
Buildings and structures in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
De La Boulaye
De La Boulaye
French-American culture in Louisiana
De La Boulaye
1700 establishments in the French colonial empire
National Register of Historic Places in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana


George Laurenson (5 July 1857 – 19 November 1913) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for  in the South Island.

Early life
The Lyttelton Times parliamentary correspondent described Laurenson as: "a Scotchman by birth, a Shetlander by education, a New Zealander by adoption, a storekeeper by trade, and a yachtsman by preference."

George Laurenson was a partner in Forbes and Co, Ships Chandlers, of Lyttelton. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was educated in the Shetland Islands. Laurenson served on numerous local boards and committees: he was chairman of the Lyttelton Harbour Board and the Canterbury Chamber of Commerce. Laurenson was a member of the Navy League Canterbury.

Member of Parliament

Laurenson represented the Lyttelton electorate in the New Zealand House of Representatives for fourteen years from 1899 to his death in 1913. From 1909 until 1910 he was senior whip of the Liberal Party.

New Liberal Party
Laurenson was the nominal leader or chairman of the New Liberal Party in 1905 though Tommy Taylor was the dominant figure. Like Taylor, Laurenson favoured federation with Australia. Laurenson was one of the few who stood as a New Liberal in the  election and retained his seat. Most, including Taylor were defeated.

Cabinet Minister
On 22 March 1912 he stood in a leadership election against Thomas Mackenzie to decide the successor to Sir Joseph Ward as leader of the Liberal Party, but lost (9 votes to 22). He was subsequently the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour, Customs and Marine in Mackenzie's cabinet. In July the Liberal government was defeated, after the defection of some Liberal members like John A. Millar to Reform.

Local politics
In April 1913, Laurenson stood for mayor of Lyttelton, contesting the election with John Richard Webb, a Lyttelton borough councillor. Webb won; he received 608 votes to Laurenson's 490.

Later life
Laurenson was a Labour movement sympathizer, but never formally joined the Labour Party though he agreed with the Labour Party's stand during the 1913 general strike, and was often known to have appeared at meetings with the leaders of the Federation of Labour (the 'Red Feds'). Laurenson died on 19 November 1913 aged just 56. Laurenson's seat was won by a Labour candidate, James McCombs.

A son of George Laurenson, George Lyttelton Laurenson CBE (1893–1968), was Commissioner of Transport.

Notes

References

|-

1857 births
1913 deaths
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
Independent MPs of New Zealand
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Local politicians in New Zealand
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
Politicians from Edinburgh
People from Shetland
New Liberal Party (New Zealand) MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates
19th-century New Zealand politicians
Lyttelton Harbour Board members
British emigrants to the Colony of New Zealand


Triumph () is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is located on the south bank of the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, its population was 268.

It is the closest town to two National Historic Landmarks: Fort Jackson (down river from the town; though due to a bend in the river to the north east) and (across the river) Fort St. Philip.

The 1960 U.S Census listed Triumph as having a population of 900. Until 2010, the Census did not count Triumph as a separate community, including it as part of the census-designated place (CDP) of Buras-Triumph.

According to tradition, the community was named for its "triumph" over a rival town when they secured a post office.

Like most of Plaquemines Parish, Triumph was severely damaged by the massive storm surge from Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Education
Plaquemines Parish School Board operates the public schools of the parish.

It is served by South Plaquemines High School in Buras. Prior to 2005 Buras Middle School and Buras High School served the community, but Hurricane Katrina damaged the buildings.

References

Census-designated places in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Census-designated places in Louisiana
Louisiana populated places on the Mississippi River
Unincorporated communities in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Census-designated places in New Orleans metropolitan area


The Xi'an Metro, also known as the Xi'an Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system in the city of Xi'an and the neighbouring city of Xianyang, in Shaanxi province, China.

The system has 9 lines in operation. Line 2 opened to the public on September 16, 2011. Line 1 began operation on September 15, 2013. Line 3 began operation after months of delay on November 8, 2016. Line 4 opened on December 26, 2018. Lines 5, 6, 9 opened in December 2020. Line 14 opened in September 2019 and extended in June 2021. Line 16 opened on June 27, 2023.

History
Initial proposals for a subway in Xi'an were created in the 70s which called for the Xi'an City Wall to be demolished to make way for a ring subway line. This was similar to what was done to create Beijing Subway Line 2, but the plan was scrapped due to successful opposition by preservationists and lack of funding for the project.  Later, Xi'an began its planning a multiline metro system in the mid-1980s. The plan was first submitted to the State Council in 1994, with four planned lines and a total length of . In February 2004, the re-drafted plan was submitted to the State Government, which received final approval on September 13, 2006.

The first line, Line 2, began construction along Chang'an Street on 29 September 2006 and was completed in 2011. It runs north–south and passes under such historic sites as the Bell Tower and the Xi'an City Wall. It is  long with  lying underground, approximately  below the surface. It is estimated to have cost 17.9 billion yuan (US$2.24 billion). The route stretches from the Beikezhan to Weiqunan with 20 stops. The travel time is 39 minutes for the entire length, cutting the commute almost in half. Operations began on 28 September 2011.

Four other routes were planned to start construction in 2011 and to be finished by around 2020. When completed, the system will span  and will mainly service the urban and suburban districts of Xi'an and part of Xianyang.

On June 12, 2019, the NDRC approved the Phase III (2018-2024) Construction Plan of Xi'an Metro. The plan includes Line 1 (Phase 3), Line 2 (Phase 2), Line 8, Line 10 (Phase 1), Line 14, Line 15 (Phase 1), Line 16 (Phase 1). The total length of Xi'an Metro will be  in 2024.

Lines in operation

Line 1

The second route, Line 1, was scheduled to start in late 2009 but was brought one year earlier as per Chinese government's response to the Great Recession. Line 1 opened on 15 September 2013. The route runs from east to west. The line is  with 23 stations.

To accelerate the speed of overall economic development between Xi'an and Xianyang cities, the Transportation Department of Xi'an decided to extend Line 1 to promote business travel between the two cities, as well as improve the efficiency of land use alongside Line 1. The preparation phase for the extension Line 1 started with the compilation of a feasibility study on November 4, 2007.

Line 2

Line 2 opened on 16 September 2011. This line is  long with 21 stations.

Line 3

Construction of Xi'an Metro's Line 3 broke ground in May 2011, began public trial testing on September 20, 2016, and was opened at November 8, 2016. The line is currently  long with 26 stations. When Phase 2 (still under planning) opens, the line will be  long and with 31 stations.

Line 4

Construction of test section of Line 4 of Xi'an Metro started in late 2012.

Line 4 started service on December 26, 2018.

Line 5

Line 6

Line 9

Line 14

The 29.31 km western section from Airport West (T1, T2, T3) to  opened on 29 September 2019. The  eastern section from  to Heshao opened on 29 June 2021.

Line 16

Line 16 opened on 27 June 2023.

Future development

On June 12, 2019, the NDRC approved the Phase III (2018-2024) Construction Plan of Xi'an Metro. The plan includes Line 1 (Phase 3), Line 2 (Phase 2), Line 8, Line 10 (Phase 1), Line 14, Line 15 (Phase 1), Line 16 (Phase 1). The total length of Xi'an Metro will be  in 2024.

Accidents
On 30 December 2008, a fire occurred that was extinguished within an hour; all workers evacuated safely. Just 66 hours later, on 2 January, another fire occurred at another station on Line 2.

On 26 May 2009, an individual suffered minor injuries from a fire during infrastructure work on Line 1.

On 2 August 2009, 9:20am, a cave-in at the construction site of Sajinqiao section of Line 1 trapped migrant workers under 10 cubic meters of earth for over three hours, hospitalizing at least two who later died at the hospital.

Network map

See also
 List of rapid transit systems

References

External links

 Official website

Railway lines opened in 2011
2011 establishments in China
Transport in Xi'an


The Kissi people are a West African ethnolinguistic group. They are the fourth largest ethnic group in Guinea, making up 6.2% of the population. Kissi people are also found in Liberia and Sierra Leone. They speak the Kissi language, which belongs to the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family. The Kissi are well known for making baskets and weaving on vertical looms.  In past times they were also famous for their ironworking skills, as the country and its neighbors possess rich deposits of iron. Kissi smiths produced the famous "Kissi penny,"

The Kissi people are also called Assi, Bakoa, Den, Gihi, Gisi, Gissi, Gizi, Kisi, Kisia, Kisie, Kisiye, Kizi, or Kalen

History
According to The Peoples of Africa, Kissi tradition considers that before the seventeenth century they inhabited the Upper Niger region. Supposedly they lived south of the Futa Jallon until the Yalunka people expelled them. After 1600, they migrated westward, expelling the Limbas in their march, but were under constant threat from the Kurankos.

Resistance to French conquest by Kissi Kaba Keita
In Guinea, the Kissi warrior Kissi Kaba Keita managed to unite many Kissi chiefdoms under his reign and resist French conquest for many years. Before French attacks, he had rallied the Kurankos of Morige and the Leles of Yombiro. When the French arrived in 1892, he had to let the relatively autonomous chiefs of the respective areas defend themselves. Due to the French's technological superiority, Kissi Kaba resorted mainly to guerilla tactics, thus delaying their conquest of his kingdom. Still, by 1893 he realized that his resistance would fail and subjected himself to the French, who then recognized him as chief of the northern Kissi territory. However, his relationship with the French gradually worsened, which led to them appointing his rivals in a number of his chiefdoms, and eventually to his execution in Siguiri.

Religion and spiritual beliefs
Although many Kissi have converted to Christianity, most of them continue to practice their traditional ethnic religion. Ancestor worship or praying to deceased relatives is a common practice among the Kissi.  Many carved soapstone figures and heads were produced by the Kissi people in the past prior to colonial contact with the Europeans. It is not clear why they were made; some scholars argue that they form part of ancestor worship while others say they may represent gods to increase agricultural yields. A large number can be seen in the British Museum's collection.

Kissi Surnames

Notable Kissi people
Joseph Boakai, Liberian Politician & Former Vice President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018
Henri Camara, Senegalese footballer
Maxime Camara, Guinean footballer
Benjamin Feindouno, Guinean footballer
Pascal Feindouno, Guinean footballer
Simon Feindouno, Guinean footballer
Kai Abdul Foday, former Sierra Leonean politician
Aly Gilbert Iffono, Guinean author
Tamba Hali, Liberian and former defensive end for the Kansas City Chiefs
Elie Kamano, Guinean musician
Amiral Dakk Kamano, Guinean-reggae musician
François Kamano, Guinean footballer
Mohamed Kamanor, Sierra Leonean footballer
Victor Kantabadouno, Guinean footballer
Kissi Kaba Keita, a warrior who resisted French conquest from 1892 on.
Claude Kory Kondiano, Guinean politician, Former Speaker of the House from 13 January 2014 – 22 April 2020.
Augustine Kortu, Sierra Leonean politician & nbsp;
Sékou Koundouno, Guinean activist
Kai Londo, was a great Kissi warrior from Sierra Leone who conquered a large territory and ruled with wisdom in southern Sierra Leone.
Jean Paul Millimono, Guinean musician
Faya Lansana Millimouno, Guinean politician
Tamba Zacharie Millimouno, Guinean journalist
Tom Nyuma, a retired colonel in the Sierra Leonean Armed Forces, and the current council chairman of Kailahun District
Tamba Borbor-Sawyer, Sierra Leonean politician and a retired officer in the Sierra Leone Police.
Emmanuel Tolno, Guinean footballer
Sia Tolno, Guinean musician
Koumba Aviane Tonguino, Guinean musician
 Samuel Fayiah Tengbeh Ngardu, Foya District - President of Liberia Community Asso. Oklahoma. USA
 George Tengbeh - Foya District and Lofa County Senator

References

External links

For spirits and kings: African art from the Paul and Ruth Tishman collection, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Kissi people
http://www.gateway-africa.com/tribe/Kissi_tribe.html

Ethnic groups in Guinea
Ethnic groups in Liberia
Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone
Female genital mutilation


Phoenix is an unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States.

Phoenix is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River on Louisiana Highway 39, on the opposite side of the River from Myrtle Grove. It is the closest town to Fort De La Boulaye Site, a National Historic Landmark.

Education
Plaquemines Parish School Board operates public schools. Phoenix High School in Phoenix serves grades K-12.

References

Louisiana populated places on the Mississippi River
Unincorporated communities in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in New Orleans metropolitan area


Dr. Jeyasekharan Hospital was founded in Nagercoil in the southernmost district of India. It was established by the late Dr. N. D. Jeyasekharan in 1965. It is  ISO 9001-2015 and ISO 14001:2015 Bureau Veritas certified & NABH Accredited. Presently, the Dr. Jeyasekharan Medical Trust includes Dr. Jeyasekharan Hospital and Nursing Home, the JMT Pharmacy, the School of Nursing & Paramedical Education,Dr. Jeyasekharan College of Nursing , Postgraduate medical education accredited to National Board of Examinations, JMT college of Allied Health Sciences and the Jeyasekharan Educational and Research Charitable Trust.

History
In June 1965, Dr. N.D. Jeyasekharan left the Neyyoor Medical Mission after serving it for nearly nine years. He and his wife Rani started a nursing home with bare necessities. Shortly thereafter, the doctor decided to build a set of rooms with basic amenities, a good theatre and a labour room. Those were times when there were no tar roads, no street lights and no traffic except a few lorries as it was an isolated corner of the town. Fifty patient rooms, an operating theatre, a labour room and a general ward were built.

The Jeyasekharan Nursing Home was opened in a public meeting on 15 November 1967 by Dr. A. Asirvatham. Dr. Asirvatham, Principal and Dean of Madurai Medical College, was a former teacher of Dr. Jeyasekharan at Madras Medical College.

Today, the hospital is recognized by the National Board of Examinations, New Delhi. Medical students from the U.K. and Germany have been coming here for their elective postings.

Dr. N.D. Jeyasekharan took premature retirement, giving way for his sons to carry on the work he started. He died on 30 January 2006.

Departments and units
 Dr. Jeyasekharan Hospital is a multispeciality hospital with the following departments:
Anaesthesia
Bronchoscopy
Cardiology
Dermatology
Dentistry
ENT
Gastroenterology
General Medicine
General surgery
Maxillofacial surgery
Nephrology/Haemodialysis
Neurology
Neuro-surgery
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Oncology
Ophthalmic surgery
Orthopaedics
Paediatrics
Paediatric surgery
Palliative medicine
Plastic surgery
Psychiatry
Pulmonology
Radiology/ sonology
Rheumatology
Urology

The hospital also houses several intensive care and intermediate care units, including a multidisciplinary intensive/intermediary care unit, an intensive/intermediate coronary care unit, a paediatric intensive care unit and stepdown ward, a postoperative ward and a neonatal intensive care unit.

Clinical services

Clinical services include:
Biochemistry lab
Clinical Pathology lab
Microbiology lab
Blood bank
Dietetics
Occupational therapy
Physiotherapy
Pharmacy
Ambulance

References

Dr. Jeyasekharan Hospital & Nursing home
Dr. Jeyasekharan Hospital and medical trust

External links
 http://www.jeyasekharanmedicaltrust.com/
 https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dr-Jeyasekharan-Medical-Trust/

Hospitals in Tamil Nadu
Nursing homes in India
Nagercoil
1965 establishments in Madras State
Hospitals established in 1965


is a railway station in the city of Susono, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).

Lines
Iwanami Station is served by the JR Central Gotemba Line, and is located  45.3 kilometers from the official starting point of the line at .

Station layout
The station has a single island platform connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station was originally located on a switchback, which was eliminated when the line was electrified in 1968, and the platform realigned; a vestigal remnant of the former switchback is retained as a side track to the north of the station. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and a staffed ticket office.

Platforms

History
Iwanami Station began opened on December 8, 1944. Along with its division and privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control and operation of JR Central. The current station building dates from 1989.

Station numbering was introduced to the Gotemba Line in March 2018; Iwanami Station was assigned station number CB13.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 2134 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area
Japan National Route 246
Toyota Motor East Japan Higashi-Fuji plant

See also
 List of Railway Stations in Japan

References

External links

 Official website

Railway stations in Japan opened in 1944
Railway stations in Shizuoka Prefecture
Gotemba Line
Stations of Central Japan Railway Company
Susono, Shizuoka


Derry is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States, located on Louisiana Highway 1.
It is the closest town to Magnolia Plantation, a National Historic Landmark.

References

Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
Populated places in Ark-La-Tex


Li Ai (; born 4 January 1979 in Guangzhou, Guangdong), is a Chinese television personality, singer, actress and model.

In 1999, Li Ai represented her country of China in the Ford Models Supermodel of the World. Upon her return home, she focused on her studies while taking on national modeling jobs.

Li Ai released her first single called "我喜欢我自己这样" ("I like myself this way") in 2002, which scored her several music awards, including the global Chinese Media Pop Award and Oriental Billboard Award. She went on to become the host of the Chinese edition of America's Next Top Model called China's Next Top Model, as well as being a television correspondent for the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2010 Asian Games.

She graduated from Guangzhou University with a management degree. She married her long-time boyfriend Zhang Xu Ning, a broker, on March 19, 2015.

Filmography
 Go Lala Go! (2010)
 Single No More (2011)
 Dear Enemy (2011)
 Breakfast (2012)
 A Chilling Cosplay (2013)
 China Salesman (2017)

References

External links

1979 births
Chinese female models
Hakka people
Living people
Guangzhou University alumni
Actresses from Guangzhou
Musicians from Guangzhou
Singers from Guangdong
21st-century Chinese women singers


Bupyeong also refers to:
 Bupyeong, Incheon, an area of Incheon
 Bupyeong District, a district of Incheon
 Bupyeong-dong, a neighborhood of Incheon
 Bupyeong Station, a subway station located in Bupyeong District
 Bupyeong-dong, Busan, a neighborhood of Busan


The Kaiserbrücke (English: Emperor Bridge), today officially the Nordbrücke (Northern Bridge), is a railway span on the Mainz rail bypass across the Rhine at the north end of Mainz in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Built between 1901 and 1904, it was named for the German Emperor Wilhelm II, who officially opened it on 1 May 1904. It formed an important part of the German railway system, as well as being an important logistical link for war transports (which were closely tied to railway infrastructure).

The bridge was destroyed in 1945 by retreating German troops. To forestall a second Remagen, the Germans by 19 March had blown all Rhine bridges from Ludwigshafen northward.

It was later reopened in 1955 as the Nordbrücke (Northern Bridge), with parts of the surviving foundations and sculptures adorning it incorporated into the new much less grand structure. The neo-roman gate castles were not rebuilt. The former arched trusses were also replaced with box trusses.

See also
 List of bridges in Germany

References

External links
Nordbrücke Mainz / Kaiserbrücke (database entry from the Structurae website)

Bridges completed in 1904
Bridges in Mainz
Transport in Wiesbaden
Bridges over the Rhine
Railway bridges in Germany
Art Nouveau bridges
Art Nouveau architecture in Germany
Bridges in Rhineland-Palatinate
Bridges in Hesse


Icer Air, stylized as ICER AIR, was an urban big-air ski and snowboard event held in 2005 on Fillmore Street in San Francisco and at or near AT&T Park from 2006 through 2008.

History
ICER founders Glen Griffin originally created the Icer Air event with Olympic gold medalist Jonny Moseley to promote ICER, a sports products company that developed a new type of aerosol spray-on ski and snowboard wax.

The first event was originally scheduled for August 2005, but was delayed after neighborhood opposition. After the city granted the necessary permit, on September 29, 2005, over 15,000 people showed up to watch the event, for which several tons of snow were applied to the steep blocks of Fillmore Street between Broadway and Green.

The event was moved across town in 2006 to AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, creating the first stadium big-air ski and snowboard contest to be held in the United States. With the financial backing of Esurance, Icer Air was held annually and expanded to include more events through 2008, after which the sponsor backed out and the event was no longer held.

A  tall,  wide,  long scaffold jump took five days to build, and was covered with 200 tons of man-made snow. Icer Air featured BMX, skate, and wakeboard competitions, as well as bands such as Jurassic 5, Ladytron, Mos Def, and Talib Kweli. The ICER AIR event drew over 25,000 people and generated over 450 million media impressions annually. Athletes participating included skaters Tony Hawk and Pierre-Luc Gagnon, Olympic and X Games gold medal snowboarders Travis Rice and Danny Kass, and X Games gold medal skiers Jon Olsson and Simon Dumont.

A scandal arose in 2008 when athletes and others did not receive promised fees and reimbursements for appearing. The event was forced to downsize then shut down completely after losing its main sponsorship funding during the 2008 financial crisis.

Chronology
 September 29, 2005, San Francisco - Fillmore Street
Winners: C.R. Johnson - ski, J.J. Thomas - snowboard

 November 4, 2006, San Francisco – AT&T Park
Winners: T.J. Schiller - ski, Travis Rice - snowboard

 November 3, 2007, San Francisco – AT&T Park
Winners: Jon Olsson - ski, Travis Rice - snowboard

 October 8, 2008, San Francisco – McCovey Cove

References

External links
 Icer Air Video Site

See also
Air & Style
Dew Action Sports Tour
X Games

Snowboarding competitions
Skiing competitions in the United States
Skateboarding competitions
2005 establishments in California
2008 disestablishments in California
Recurring sporting events established in 2005
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2008


Ronnie Scott's Presents Sarah Vaughan Live, also known as Sassy at Ronnie's, is a 1977 live album by American jazz singer Sarah Vaughan.

Track listing
Introduction by Ronnie Scott
"Here's That Rainy Day"
"Like Someone in Love"
"Feelings"
"I'll Remember April"
"Sophisticated Lady"
"If You Could See Me Now"
"Start Believing Me Now"
"My Funny Valentine"
"A Foggy Day"
"Send In The Clowns"
"Tenderly"

Personnel
Sarah Vaughan – vocals
Carl Schroeder – piano
Jimmy Cobb – drums
Walter Booker – bass

References

Sarah Vaughan live albums
Albums recorded at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club
1977 live albums
Pye Records live albums