Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are  seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Austral storm petrels have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in all oceans, although only  Wilson's storm petrels are found in the Northern Hemisphere. They are almost all strictly pelagic, coming to land only when breeding. In the case of most petrel species, little is known of their behaviour and distribution at sea, where they can be hard to find and harder to identify. They are colonial nesters, displaying strong philopatry to their natal colonies and nesting sites. Most species nest in crevices or burrows, and all but one species attend the breeding colonies nocturnally. Pairs form long-term monogamous bonds and share incubation and chick-feeding duties. Like many species of seabirds, nesting is highly protracted with incubation taking up to 50 days and fledging another 70 days after that.

The family contains just ten species which are assigned to five different genera. Several species are threatened by human activities. The New Zealand storm petrel, was presumed extinct until rediscovered in 2003. The principal threats to storm petrels are introduced species, particularly mammals, in their breeding colonies; many storm petrels habitually nest on isolated mammal-free islands and are unable to cope with predators such as rats and feral cats.

Taxonomy
The family Oceanitidae was introduced in 1881 by the English zoologist William Alexander Forbes. Two subfamilies of storm petrel were traditionally recognized. The Oceanitinae, or austral storm-petrels, were mostly found in southern waters (though Wilson's storm petrel regularly migrates into the Northern Hemisphere); the ten species are placed in five genera. The Hydrobatinae, or northern storm petrels, were formerly placed in two genera Hydrobates and Oceanodroma. They are largely restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, although a few visit or breed a short distance beyond the Equator.

Cytochrome b DNA sequence analysis suggests that the family was paraphyletic and more accurately treated as distinct families. The same study found that the austral storm petrels are basal within the Procellariiformes. The first split was the subfamily Oceanitidae, with the Hydrobatidae splitting from the rest of the order at a later date. Few fossil species have been found, with the earliest being from the Upper Miocene.

Morphology and flight
Austral storm petrels are the smallest of all the seabirds, ranging in size from 15–26 cm in length. Two body shapes  occur in the family; the austral storm petrels have short wings, square tails, elongated skulls, and long legs. The legs of all storm petrels are proportionally longer than those of other Procellariiformes, but they are very weak and unable to support the bird's weight for more than a few steps.

The plumage of the Oceanitidae is dark with white underparts (with the exception of Wilson's storm petrel)   Onley and Scofield (2007) state that much published information is incorrect, and that photographs in the major seabird books and websites are frequently incorrectly ascribed as to species. They also consider that several national bird lists include species which have been incorrectly identified or have been accepted on inadequate evidence.

Storm petrels use a variety of techniques to aid flight. Most species  occasionally feed by surface pattering, holding and moving their feet on the water's surface while holding steady above the water. They remain stationary by hovering with rapid fluttering or using the wind to anchor themselves in place. This method of feeding flight is most commonly used by austral storm petrels. The white-faced storm petrel possesses a unique variation on pattering, holding its wings motionless and at an angle into the wind, it pushes itself off the water's surface in a succession of bounding jumps. Storm petrels also use dynamic soaring and slope soaring to travel over the ocean surface, although this method is used less by this family compared to the northern storm petrels. Slope soaring is more straightforward and favoured by the Oceanitidae, the storm petrel turns to the wind, gaining height, from where it can then glide back down to the sea.

Diet
The diet of many storm petrels species is poorly known owing to difficulties in researching; overall the family is thought to concentrate on crustaceans. Small fish, oil droplets and molluscs are also taken by many species. Some species are known to be rather more specialised; the grey-backed storm petrel is known to concentrate on the larvae of goose barnacles.

Almost all species forage in the pelagic zone, except for Elliot's storm petrels, which are coastal feeders in the Galapagos Islands. Although storm petrels are capable of swimming well and often form rafts on the water's surface, they do not feed on the water. Instead, feeding usually takes place on the wing, with birds hovering above or "walking" on the surface (see morphology) and snatching small morsels. Rarely, prey is obtained by making shallow dives under the surface.

Like many types of seabirds, storm petrels associate with other species of seabird and marine mammal species to help obtain food. They may benefit from the actions of diving predators such as seals and penguins, which push prey up towards the surface while hunting, allowing the surface-feeding storm petrels to reach them.

Distribution and movements

The austral storm petrels typically breed found in the Southern Hemisphere, in contrast to the northern storm-petrel in the Northern Hemisphere.

Several species of storm petrels undertake migrations after the breeding season. The most widely travelled migrant is Wilson's storm petrel, which after breeding in Antarctica and the subantarctic islands, regularly crosses the equator to the waters of the north Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.  Some species, such as the grey-backed storm petrel, are thought to be essentially sedentary and do not undertake any migrations away from their breeding islands.

Breeding
Storm petrels nest colonially, for the most part on islands, although a few species breed on the mainland, particularly Antarctica. Nesting sites are attended at night to avoid predators. Storm petrels display high levels of philopatry, returning to their natal colonies to breed. In one instance, a band-rumped storm petrel was caught as an adult 2 m from its natal burrow. Storm petrels nest either in burrows dug into soil or sand, or in small crevices in rocks and scree. Competition for nesting sites is intense in colonies where storm petrels compete with other burrowing petrels, with shearwaters having been recorded killing storm petrels  to occupy their burrows. Colonies can be extremely large and dense; 840,000 pairs of white-faced storm petrel nest on South East Island in the Chatham Islands in densities between 1.18 and 0.47 burrows/m2.

Storm petrels are monogamous and form long-term pair bonds that last a number of years.  As with the other Procellariiformes, a single egg is laid by a pair in a breeding season; if the egg fails, then usually no attempt is made to lay again (although it happens rarely). Both sexes incubate in shifts of up to six days. The egg hatches after 40 or 50 days; the young is brooded continuously for another 7 days or so before being left alone in the nest during the day and fed by regurgitation at night. Meals fed to the chick weigh around 10–20% of the parent's body weight, and consist of both prey items and stomach oil. Stomach oil is an energy-rich (its calorific value is around 9.6 kcal/g) oil created by partly digested prey in a part of the fore gut known as the proventriculus. By partly converting prey items into stomach oil, storm petrels can maximise the amount of energy chicks receive during feed, an advantage for small seabirds that can only make a single visit to the chick during a 24-hour period (at night). The average age at which chicks fledge depends on the species, taking between 50 and 70 days. The time taken to hatch and raise the young is long for the bird's size, but is typical of seabirds, which in general are K-selected, living much longer, delaying breeding for longer, and investing more effort into fewer young. The young leave their burrow at about 62 days. They are independent almost at once and quickly disperse into the ocean. They return to their original colony after 2  or 3 years, but do not breed until at least 4 years old. Storm petrels have been recorded living as long as 30 years.

Threats and conservation

Several species of austral storm petrels are threatened by human activities. The New Zealand storm petrel is listed as critically endangered, and was also considered extinct for many years, but was sighted again in 2003, though the population is likely to be very small. Storm petrels face the same threats as other seabirds; in particular, they are threatened by introduced species.

Species
The family contains ten species:

References

External links

Storm petrel videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Seabirds


Ray Evans (1915–2007) was an American songwriter.

Ray Evans may also refer to:

 Ray Evans (Australian businessman) (1939–2014), Australian business leader and campaigner against climate change mitigation efforts
 Ray Evans (halfback) (1922–1999), American football halfback
 Ray Evans (offensive lineman) (1924–2008), American football lineman
 Ray Evans (cartoonist) (1887–1954), American editorial cartoonist
 Ray Evans (footballer, born 1927) (1927–2010), English footballerfor Mansfield Town
 Ray Evans (footballer, born 1929) (1929–2005), English footballer for Crewe Alexandra
 Ray Evans (footballer, born 1933) (1933–2009), English footballer
 Ray Evans (footballer, born 1949), English footballer
 Ray Evans (rugby league) (1930–2017), rugby league footballer of the 1950s
 Ray Evans Seneca Theater, Salamanca, New York

See also
 Raymond Evans (disambiguation)


Pierrotage is a half-timbered timber framing technique in which stone infill is used between posts. It was used in France and by French settlers in  French Canada and Upper Louisiana.

See also
Bousillage
French architecture
French colonization of the Americas
New France
Poteaux-en-terre
Poteaux-sur-solle
Ste. Genevieve, Missouri
Vernacular architecture

References

Timber framing
New France
French colonial architecture
French-Canadian culture in the United States
French-American culture in Missouri
Missouri culture
Vernacular architecture


The Financial Health Network, formerly known as the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI), is a nonprofit financial services consultancy headquartered in Chicago, specializing in serving unbanked and underbanked consumers.

An affiliate of ShoreBank Corporation, CFSI grew out of a research project conducted in 2002 by a division of ShoreBank on behalf of the Ford Foundation to examine the gap between supply and demand of financial services for low-income consumers as well as potential strategies to close it.  The project, authored by Ellen Seidman and Jennifer Tescher showed that millions of Americans are faced with an inadequate supply of well-designed, reasonably-priced financial products and services to both meet short-term needs and provide opportunities for longer-term wealth creation.

Work
CFSI serves the industry in three primary ways: as an educator, conducting research and disseminating it widely; as a broker, connecting people and organizations within the industry; and as an investor, funding both for-profits and nonprofits.  It has partnered with tax preparation firms to help underbanked consumers file their taxes.  It regularly provides research grants for financial services researchers.  It has researched mobile-banking in connection to the underbanked.  It is the sponsor of the annual Underbanked Financial Services Forum, the leading event in this industry.

An April 2013 press release indicated that the Center's Financial Capability Innovation Fund II (FCIF II) would be distributing $2.5 million in grants to eight non-profit organizations, with the goal of supporting efforts to "help consumers improve their credit scores, increase their savings, and avoid unnecessary transaction fees."

See also
 ShoreBank
 Political and Economic Research Council—a Chapel Hill, NC-based think tank dealing in the same issue area

References

External links
 CFSI website

Financial services companies of the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Chicago


Ghulam Mohammed (1903 – 17 March 1968) was an Indian film score composer, who is notable for Hindi musical films such as Shair (1949), Pardes (1950), Mirza Ghalib (1954), Shama (1961) and Pakeezah (1972).

He received National Film Award for Best Music Direction (then called State Awards for Films) for Mirza Ghalib (1954). The shooting of his last film, Pakeezah, was held up for many years due to marital and personal problems between the film producer Kamal Amrohi and the lead actress Meena Kumari, and was finally released only after Ghulam Mohammed's death.

Early life and career
Ghulam Mohammed was born in Bikaner, Rajasthan, into a family of musicians. His father, Nabi Baksh, was an accomplished tabla player.

He started his career as a child actor at age six with the Punjab-based New Albert Theatrical Company and worked at the local Albert Theatre in Bikaner. He eventually signed on as a contract artiste for 25 rupees a month, but before he could take up the appointment, the theatre closed due to financial difficulties.

In 1924, he came to Bombay, where after a struggle of eight years, in 1932 he got the chance of playing tabla in Saroj Movietone's Productions' "Raja Bharthari".

In music composition, he first became an assistant, to music director, Naushad in Kardar Productions, and worked with him and the veteran film composer Anil Biswas, for over 12 years, before composing independently, in the film 'Tiger Queen' (1947). He continued working independently and composed for several more films, and eventually won the 1955 National Film Award for Best Music Direction for his Mirza Ghalib (1954).

He died on March 17, 1968, years before Pakeezah (1972) was released. In fact, his mentor and close friend veteran film composer Naushad stepped in, after his death, to finish the film composing work in film Pakeezah. "The music by the late Ghulam Mohammed was also a benchmark score. Arriving bang in the midst of the peak era of R. D. Burman and Kishore Kumar, it brought back classic melody of the timeless kind and won a Gold Disc from Saregama, which was then called HMV, for outstanding sales." He was also nominated for Best Music Director for film Pakeezah (1972) at the Filmfare Awards. "In 1972, Pran refused to accept his Filmfare award for the Best Supporting Actor in Be-Imaan because he felt music composer Ghulam Mohammed deserved a Filmfare award for his songs in Pakeezah." Many consider his score to be one of the greatest in Indian Cinema.

In 1997, he was honoured, in the 'Keep Alive' music show series in Mumbai, that honours all-time film music composers of India.

An extensive audio - visual programme on Ghulam Mohammed was presented by Mumbai- based music troupe MUSICOLOR in 2010 where music lovers cherished the composer's composed film songs.

"One commonly-heard story is that when Shankar–Jaikishan were composing their maiden venture Barsaat (1949), they insisted on having Ghulam Mohammed play the dholak for the film song 'Barsaat Mein Ham Se Mile Tum Sajjan'".

Filmography

 Baanke Sipahi (1937)
 Sanjog as a music Asstist with Naushad
 Mera Khwab (1943)
 Doli (1947)
 Tiger Queen (1947)
 Elaan'' as a music Assistant with Naushad
 Grihasthi (1948)
 Kaajal (1948)
 Pagdi (1948)
 Parayee Aag (1948)
 Dil Ki Basti (1949)
 Paras (1949)
 Shair (1949)
 Hanste Aansoo (1950)
 Maang (1950)
 Pardes (1950)
 Bikhre Moti (1951)
 Naazneen (1951)
 Ajeeb Ladki (1952)
 Amber (1952)
 Sheesha (1952)
 Dil-E-Nadaan (1953)
 Gauhar (1953)
 Hazaar Raaten (1953)
 Laila Majnu (1953)
 Rail Ka Dibba (1953)
 Guzaara (1954)
 Mirza Ghalib (1954)
 Hoor-e-Arab (1955)
 Kundan (1955)
 Sitara (1955)
 Pak Daaman (1957)
 Maalik (1958)
 Do Gunde (1959)
 Shama (1961)
 Pakeezah (1972)

Awards and recognition
 1955: National Film Award for Best Music Direction: Mirza Ghalib (1954)
HMV Saregama Gold Disc Award in 1972

References

External links

Songs of Ghulam Mohammed

1903 births
1968 deaths
20th-century Indian Muslims
People from Bikaner
Hindi film score composers
20th-century Indian composers
Musicians from Rajasthan
National Film Award (India) winners


Elvis' Gold Records Volume 5 is the final album in the RCA Golden/Gold Records series by American singer and musician Elvis Presley (which began in 1958), and the only volume in the series to be issued posthumously. The album was released by RCA Records in March 1984 on both LP and compact disc. The album is a compilation of hit singles released between 1968 and 1977. It is the only one of the series not to make the Billboard album chart, "bubbling under" at #207 for two weeks. It was certified
Gold on 7/15/1999 by the RIAA.

Content
Gold Records Volume 5 comprises nine Top 40 A-sides along with one b-side, "For the Heart" from 1976. Released more than sixteen years since the previous installment in the series, it covers a span of almost ten years. The first side of the album focused on Elvis' late 1960s comeback-era recordings: "If I Can Dream" was taken from his comeback special, three singles from the American studios sessions "Suspicious Minds", "Kentucky Rain", and "In The Ghetto", and "Clean Up Your Own Backyard" was a soundtrack recording from The Trouble with Girls.  The second side contained Elvis' late period singles including "Burning Love" and "Moody Blue". RCA apparently  did not base the track  selection solely on commercial factors, as two top ten hit singles from this time period, "Don't Cry Daddy" from 1969 and "The Wonder of You" from 1970, were omitted.

Originally recorded at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, RCA Studio C in Hollywood, Western Recorders in Burbank, California, Stax Studio and in The Jungle Room in Memphis, Tennessee. Original recordings produced by Felton Jarvis, Chips Moman, Bones Howe and Billy Strange.

Reissues
RCA reissued the album on July 15, 1997, and added six bonus tracks taken from a three-year span from 1967 to 1970, including three additional Top 40 singles.  The original album sequence was largely left intact, though "If I Can Dream" was moved to the end of the disc.  RCA's selection of bonus tracks is somewhat puzzling as it features several of  Elvis' pre-comeback recordings, rather than 1970s hits; "Always On My Mind", "Promised Land", "Steamroller Blues", "Separate Ways", "Hurt", "T-R-O-U-B-L-E", "I Really Don't Want To Know", and "Until It's Time for You to Go" were among Elvis' top forty hits during the decade. Top 10 hit “The Wonder of You” and “Don’t Cry Daddy” were still not included on the reissued expanded version.

Only "Memories" which was featured on Elvis' comeback special and "You Don't Have To Say You Love Me", a top twenty single in 1970 are consistent with the selection from the original album.  Three of the bonus tracks are from soundtrack recordings. "Big Boss Man" and "Guitar Man" were originally released as top 40 singles and as bonus songs on the Clambake album. "Edge of Reality" is from Live a Little, Love a Little (it was also the B-side to "If I Can Dream").  The remaining track, "U.S. Male" was a 1968 single.

Track listing
''Chart positions taken from the Billboard singles chart

Original release

Personnel

 Elvis Presley – lead vocals
 Scotty Moore – guitar
 Chip Young – guitar
 James Burton – guitar
 John Wilkinson – guitar
 Charlie Hodge – guitar, backing vocals
 Jerry Reed – guitar
 Mike Deasy – guitar
 Tommy Tedesco – guitar
 Harold Bradley – guitar, six-string bass
 Gerry McGee – guitar
 Morton Marker – guitar
 Joseph Gibbons – guitar
 Neil Levang – guitar
 Charles Britz – guitar
 Al Casey – guitar
 Dennis Linde – guitar
 Billy Sanford – guitar
 Reggie Young – guitar
 Ed Kollis – harmonica
 Charlie McCoy – guitar, organ, harmonica
 Pete Drake – steel guitar
 Floyd Cramer – piano
 Glen D. Hardin – piano
 Don Randi – piano
 David Briggs – piano
 Bobby Wood – piano
 Bobby Emmons – organ
 Bob Moore – bass
 Larry Knechtel – bass
 Charles Berghofer – bass
 Max Bennett – bass
 Norbert Putnam – bass
 Emory Gordy – bass

 Jerry Scheff – bass
 Tommy Cogbill – bass
 Mike Leech – bass
 D. J. Fontana – drums
 Buddy Harman – drums
 Hal Blaine – drums
 Gary Coleman – drums
 Frank Carlson – drums
 John Guerin – drums
 Jerry Carrigan – drums
 Ronnie Tutt – drums
 Gene Chrisman – drums
 Boots Randolph – saxophone
 The Jordanaires – backing vocals
 J.D. Sumner and the Stamps – backing vocals
 Millie Kirkham – backing vocals
 The Blossoms – backing vocals
 B.J. Baker – backing vocals
 Sally Stevens – backing vocals
 Bob Tebow – backing vocals
 John Bahler – backing vocals
 Dolores Edgin – backing vocals
 June Page – backing vocals
 Kathy Westmoreland – backing vocals
 Joe Babcock – backing vocals
 Dolores Edgin – backing vocals
 Mary Greene – backing vocals
 Ginger Holladay – backing vocals
 Mary Holladay – backing vocals
 June Page – backing vocals
 Susan Pilkington – backing vocals
 Sandy Posey – backing vocals
 Donna Thatcher – backing vocals
 Hurschel Wiginton – backing vocals

References

External links

Elvis Presley compilation albums
1984 greatest hits albums
RCA Records compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously


"Parece Sincera" is the first single from El Roockie's 2007 album Semblante Urbano.

Chart positions

References

2007 singles
2007 songs


Pan (1895–1915) was a Berlin-based German arts magazine, published by the PAN co-operative of artists, poets and critics.  Focused on literature, theatre and music, the magazine published more than 20 issues "without reference to commercial, moral, personal or polemical questions, appreciating only the purely aesthetic viewpoint.” The magazine's mission was democratic in its commitment to Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesized artwork"), and providing support to young artists of all kinds. To that end, the magazine sold tiered subscriptions: standard and luxury, and quickly "became the most expensive German art magazine of its era.  Its artists-first commitment also led to its becoming one of the best representations of pan-European art in the early days of Abstract and Expressionist art.

History

Co-founded by Richard Dehmel and published from 1895 to 1900 in Berlin by Otto Julius Bierbaum and Julius Meier-Graefe, the group only ended up publishing three issues.

In 1910, the magazine was revived by Berlin gallery owner and art dealer Paul Cassirer who went on to publish contributors like Frank Wedekind, Georg Heym, Ernst Barlach and Franz Marc with his Pan-Presse imprint. Cassirer's avant-garde taste in print reflected his gallery work. He was the first to exhibit Manet, Cezanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin in Germany, and he championed the work of the Impressionists' German counterparts, also showing Lovis Corinth, Max Liebermann and Lesser Ury.

This group, along with Barlach, Kandinsky, and Beckmann eventually made up the core of the Berlin Secession, artists who rejected traditional art styles then advanced by both academia and officials, and created the foundation of Modernism.

In 1912, Alfred Kerr took over the publication of the magazine, and it appeared only sporadically until its demise in 1915.

An influential arbiter of culture, Pan printed stories and poems, in the emerging Symbolist and Naturalist movements, by authors such as Otto Julius Bierbaum, Max Dauthendey, Richard Dehmel and Arno Holz. It also played an important role in the development of German Art Nouveau, by cultivating a stable of both well-known and unknown artists, including Franz von Stuck, Félix Vallotton, and Thomas Theodor Heine.

See also
 Bauhaus
 Gesamtkunstwerk
 List of magazines in Germany
 Jugend magazine
 Secession (art)
 Simplicissimus (magazine)

References

External links

Digital Versions
 Pan at University Library Heidelberg
 Pan at Princeton's Blue Mountain Project

1895 establishments in Germany
1915 establishments in Germany
Pan
Defunct literary magazines published in Germany
German-language magazines
Magazines established in 1895
Magazines disestablished in 1915
Magazines published in Berlin
Visual arts magazines published in Germany


Wang You (; 7 June 1910 – 6 May 1997), also known as Yu Wang, was a Chinese biochemist. He was a pioneer of antibiotics and biochemistry studies in China.

Life
Wang was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He first studied applied chemistry at Zhejiang University. He went to Nanjing and graduated from the Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Nanking in 1931. He obtained his PhD from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1937.

Between November 1952 and July 1984, chronologically, Wang was the deputy director, acting director, director (later the honorary director 1984–1997) of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry is the most prestigious institute for organic chemistry research in China).

Wang participated and played an important role in the artificial synthesis of cattle insulin. He also made contributions to modern Chinese biochemical industries.

Membership
 Member, Chinese Academy of Science (1955 election)
 Foreign member, French Academy of Sciences (1984)
 Foreign member, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1988)
 Honorary member, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1986)

References

External links
 Wang's profile, the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science

1910 births
1997 deaths
Biologists from Zhejiang
Chemists from Zhejiang
Chinese biochemists
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Hangzhou
Zhejiang University alumni


The  Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 49th season in the National Football League (NFL). The season ended when the Cowboys were blown out by the Philadelphia Eagles 44–6 in week 17, their worst loss since the 1985 Chicago Bears came to Texas Stadium and beat the Cowboys 44–0. It was the last season the Cowboys played at Texas Stadium; they moved to Cowboys Stadium in 2009. Despite entering the last month of the season four games above .500, they failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2005, losing three of their last four games and finishing with a 9–7 record.

Offseason

Signings
 Re-signed long snapper L. P. Ladouceur to a five-year contract extension.
 Re-signed pro-bowl left offensive tackle Flozell Adams.
 Signed veteran linebacker Zach Thomas to one-year, $3 million deal.
 Placed the franchise tag on pro-bowl free safety Ken Hamlin.
 Traded for Ex-Titan defensive back Adam "Pacman" Jones.

Departures
 Released Wide Receiver Terry Glenn
 Released fullback Oliver Hoyte who has signed with the Kansas City Chiefs.
 Cornerback Jacques Reeves joined the Houston Texans.
 Running back Julius Jones signed a four-year deal with the Seattle Seahawks.
 Safety Keith Davis signed with the Miami Dolphins, but re-signed with the Cowboys after his subsequent release from Miami.
 Defensive tackle Jason Ferguson, linebacker Akin Ayodele and tight end Anthony Fasano traded to the Miami Dolphins.

Free agents heading into the 2008 season
 Cornerback Nate Jones

Training camp

The Cowboys arrived in Oxnard, California for training camp on July 24. HBO and NFL Films filmed the Cowboys for the fourth season of Hard Knocks which premiered on August 6. The Cowboys began camp with all but three players: Felix Jones, Mike Jenkins, and Terry Glenn. Jones and Jenkins both signed contracts the next day, and flew out to California to report.
 Soon afterward, Terry Glenn was released to waivers. Owner Jerry Jones explained that, "I think at the end of the day, it had more to do with where we are right now, the managing of how he got to the field, the aspect of concentrating on the what ifs and how it might've impacted how we give our young players a chance, and how we evaluate that position." The main story lines in camp have revolved around the new addition of Adam "Pacman" Jones, and the injury to Terence Newman. Jones was proving daily in camp that he is still worthy of being named one of the top cornerbacks in the league, but was not fully reinstated to the NFL until August 28. Newman injured his groin on July 28, and is expected to be out for three weeks.
The Cowboys cut the roster from 80 to 75 immediately after training camp, then waived more players following the final pre-season game to drop the roster count to league limit of 53, one of which was 6th-round draft pick Eric Walden. Walden was picked up on waivers by the Kansas City Chiefs. The following players made it through waivers to land spots on the practice squad: Danny Amendola, Alonzo Coleman, Tearrius George, Rodney Hannah, Mike Jefferson, Marcus Dixon and Julius Crosslin. Then, in a surprising turn of events, Dallas CB Evan Ogelsby was released to make room on the roster for Special Teams Ace Keith Davis who returned to the Cowboys after being cut from the Dolphins.

2008 draft class

Notes
 The Cowboys traded their 2007 first-round (No. 22 overall) selection to the Cleveland Browns for 2007 second-round (No. 36 overall) and 2008 first-round (No. 22 overall) selections.
 The Cowboys traded their first, (No. 28 overall) fifth (No. 163 overall) and seventh-round (No. 235 overall) selections for the Seattle Seahawks' first-round (No. 25 overall) selection in order to move up in the first-round and select Mike Jenkins.
 The Cowboys traded their third-round (No. 92 overall) selection to the Detroit Lions for 2008 and 2009 fourth-round (Nos. 111 and 101 overall) selections.
 The Cowboys traded linebacker Akin Ayodele and tight end Anthony Fasano to the Miami Dolphins in exchange for a fourth-round (No. 100 overall) selection.
 The Cowboys traded their fourth-round (No. 100 overall) selection to the Oakland Raiders in exchange for fourth (No. 104 overall) and seventh-round (No. 213 overall) selections.
 The Cowboys traded their fourth-round (No. 104 overall) selection to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for fourth (No. 122 overall) and fifth-round (No. 155 overall) selections.
 The Cowboys traded their 2008 fourth-round (No. 111 overall) selection to the Browns in exchange for a 2009 third-round (No. 69 overall) selection.
 The Cowboys traded their original fourth-round (No. 126 overall) selection to the Tennessee Titans for cornerback Adam Jones. The Cowboys were to receive a conditional 2009 fourth-round selection if Jones is not reinstated, or a conditional 2009 fifth-round selection if Jones is reinstated but gets suspended again (the Cowboys received the Titans' 2009 fifth-round selection, No. 166 overall).
 The Cowboys traded their fifth (No. 155 overall) and seventh-round (No. 213 overall) selections to the Jacksonville Jaguars in exchange for a fifth-round (No. 143 overall) selection.
 The Cowboys traded defensive tackle Jason Ferguson and their 2008 sixth-round (No. 195 overall) selection to the Dolphins in exchange for 2008 and 2009 sixth-round (Nos. 167 and 197 overall) selections.

Preseason schedule

Schedule

Standings

Regular season summary
The team was coming from a 13-3 season in 2007 and there were great expectations for a Super Bowl run. During the offseason, the Cowboys signed the controversial talents of Pacman Jones and Tank Johnson. They also were the subject of the 2008 Hard Knocks TV Series.

The team began the season with 3 straight wins but lost the week-4 game at home against the Washington Redskins 24-26. Tony Romo injured the pinkie finger in his right hand in a 24-30 loss to the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth game. The Cowboys under his replacement Brad Johnson, went 1–2 the next three games, losing to the St. Louis Rams, beating the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and losing to the New York Giants. Romo would return to play wearing a splint under the heavy bandage on his right hand in November after the bye week.

The team had a 24–33 loss in Week 16 against the Baltimore Ravens and the final game at Texas Stadium before it was demolished. In what became a de facto playoff game in the 17th week of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles on December 28, Romo and the Cowboys failed to compete in a 44–6 loss. The team finished with a 9–7 record, missing the postseason for the first time in franchise history after starting the season with a 3-0 record.

Game summaries

Week 1: at Cleveland Browns

The Cowboys began their 2008 campaign on the road against the Cleveland Browns.  In the first quarter, Dallas got the first shot as RB Marion Barber got a 1-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, the Browns would respond with QB Derek Anderson completing a 2-yard TD pass to TE Kellen Winslow.  Afterwards, the Cowboys responded with QB Tony Romo completing a 35-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens, along with another 1-yard TD run from Barber.  In the third quarter, Dallas pulled away with rookie RB Felix Jones getting an 11-yard TD run, which was his first carry in the NFL.  In the fourth quarter, Cleveland's only response would be kicker Phil Dawson's 34-yard field goal.

Week 2: vs. Philadelphia Eagles

Coming off their commanding road win over the Browns, the Cowboys played their Week 2 home opener under the MNF spotlight.  In the last MNF game at Texas Stadium, Dallas would duel with their NFC East foe, the Philadelphia Eagles.  In the first quarter, the Cowboys trailed early as Eagles kicker David Akers got a 34-yard field goal.  Dallas would answer in their first possession with QB Tony Romo completing a 72-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens.  Philadelphia replied with Akers kicking a 44-yard field goal, yet the 'Boys immediately added to their lead with rookie RB Felix Jones returning a kickoff 98 yards for a touchdown. The Eagles would take the lead with QB Donovan McNabb completing a 6-yard TD pass to RB Brian Westbrook, along with LB Chris Gocong recovering a Romo fumble in the Cowboys' endzone for a touchdown.  Dallas immediately responded with Romo and Owens hooking up with each other again on a 4-yard TD pass.

On Philadelphia's next drive, the referees made two suspect decisions. The first was a non-call on a very obvious facemask on Brian Westbrook that would have given the Eagles a first down. The next call in question was a 40-yard passing interference penalty on Anthony Henry. Replays showed that it was Greg Lewis who grabbed Henry's jersey and pulled him down, not the other way around. With that decision, the Eagles were awarded a first down on the 1-yard line. Westbrook immediately ran it in for a 1-yard TD. On their next possession, Akers' hit a 22-yard field goal. To make the game the highest scoring half ever on MNF, the Cowboys ended the half with kicker Nick Folk getting a 51-yard field goal, bringing the total points for both teams to 54.

In the third quarter, the 'Boys regained the lead with Romo's 17-yard TD pass to RB Marion Barber. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles once again took the lead with Westbrook's 1-yard TD run.  Afterwards, the Cowboys rallied with Folk nailing a 47-yard field goal and Barber getting a 1-yard TD run. The Eagles had a chance for a game-winning drive, but Dallas' defense stiffened for the victory, sacking the very elusive McNabb twice.

In a game that had 9 lead changes, it also set different point records, including most first half points in MNF history (54) and most combined points in the rivalry's history (78).

Also, Terrell Owens (3 receptions for 89 yards and 2 touchdowns) reached 132 career touchdown catches, placing him 2nd on the NFL's all-time touchdown receptions list (behind only Jerry Rice's record of 197).

Week 3: at Green Bay Packers

Coming off the MNF divisional home win over the Eagles, the Cowboys flew to Lambeau Field for a Week 3 Sunday Night duel with the Green Bay Packers. Dallas had never won in Lambeau Field heading into the game, going 0–5 (although Green Bay did play several home games in Milwaukee where the Cowboys won a few times against the Packers).

In the first quarter, Dallas got the first shot as kicker Nick Folk got a 25-yard field goal.  The Packers responded with kicker Mason Crosby getting a 36-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Green Bay took the lead with Crosby kicking a 38-yard field goal.  The 'Boys replied with rookie RB Felix Jones getting a 60-yard TD run, becoming the first player in franchise history to have a touchdown in each of his first three games with Dallas.  In the third quarter, the Packers tried to rally as Crosby got a 33-yard field goal, yet the Cowboys responded with RB Marion Barber getting a 2-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, Dallas managed to put the game out of reach as QB Tony Romo completed a 52-yard TD pass to WR Miles Austin.  Green Bay tried to rally as QB Aaron Rodgers got a 1-yard TD run, yet the Big D's defense held.

With the win, not only did the Cowboys get a second-straight 3–0 start for the first time since 1976–77, but they also picked up their first-ever win at Lambeau Field.

Week 4: vs. Washington Redskins

Coming off their Sunday night road win over the Packers, the Cowboys went home for a Week 4 NFC East showdown with the Washington Redskins.  In the first quarter, the 'Boys shot first as QB Tony Romo completed a 21-yard TD pass to TE Jason Witten.  In the second quarter, the Redskins took the lead as QB Jason Campbell completed a 3-yard TD pass to WR James Thrash and a 2-yard TD pass to WR Antwaan Randle El, along with kicker Shaun Suisham getting a 20-yard field goal.  Dallas closed out the half with kicker Nick Folk getting a 36-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Cowboys tied the game with Romo completing a 10-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens.  Washington would respond with Suisham kicking a 33-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the Redskins increased their lead with Suisham nailing a 33-yard and a 29-yard field goal.  The 'Boys tried to rally as Romo completed an 11-yard TD pass to WR Miles Austin.  However, Dallas' onside kick attempt failed, preserving the Redskins' win.

Week 5: vs. Cincinnati Bengals

Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Redskins, the Cowboys stayed at home for a Week 5 interconference duel with the Cincinnati Bengals.  In the first quarter, the Cowboys shot first as kicker Nick Folk got a 30-yard field goal, along with rookie RB Felix Jones getting a 33-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, Dallas increased its lead with QB Tony Romo completing a 4-yard TD pass to TE Jason Witten.  The Bengals closed out the half as kicker Shayne Graham got a 41-yard and a 31-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Cincinnati crept closer as QB Carson Palmer completed an 18-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh. In the fourth quarter, the Bengals got within one point as Graham kicked a 40-yard field goal, yet the Cowboys responded with Romo completing a 57-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens. The Bengals tried to come back as Palmer completed a 10-yard TD pass to Houshmandzadeh (with a failed two-point conversion), but Dallas pulled away as Romo completed a 15-yard TD pass to WR Patrick Crayton.

Week 6: at Arizona Cardinals

Coming off their home win over the Bengals, the Cowboys flew to the University of Phoenix Stadium for a Week 6 showdown with the Arizona Cardinals.  In the first quarter, Dallas immediately trailed as Cardinals RB J.J. Arrington returned the game's opening kickoff 93 yards for a touchdown.  In the second quarter, the 'Boys responded with QB Tony Romo completing a 55-yard TD pass to WR Patrick Crayton.  In the third quarter, the Cowboys took the lead as Romo completed a 14-yard TD pass to WR Miles Austin.  Arizona would tie the game with QB Kurt Warner completing a 2-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald.  In the fourth quarter, the Cardinals took the lead as Warner completed an 11-yard TD pass to WR Steve Breaston, along with kicker Neil Rackers getting a 41-yard field goal.  Afterwards, the 'Boys tied the game with Romo completing a 70-yard TD pass to RB Marion Barber, along with kicker Nick Folk nailing a 52-yard field goal.  However, in overtime, Arizona emerged as WR Sean Morey blocked a punt attempt, allowing LB Monty Beisel to return it 3 yards for the game-ending touchdown.

In the week following the game Tony Romo was listed as questionable with a broken right pinkie finger. In addition, Matt McBriar and Sam Hurd were placed in injured reserve, and Felix Jones was listed as out for 2–3 weeks with a hamstring injury.  Furthermore, Adam (Pacman) Jones was suspended by the NFL for a minimum of 4 weeks after an altercation with his bodyguard.

The Cowboys traded for WR Roy Williams with the Detroit Lions, in exchange for their first, third, and sixth-round picks.

Week 7: at St. Louis Rams

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Cardinals, and missing several key starters, the Cowboys flew to the Edward Jones Dome for a Week 7 duel with the St. Louis Rams.  With Tony Romo recovering from his injured pinkie, he was demoted to back-up for the game, allowing veteran QB Brad Johnson to get the start.

In the first quarter, the 'Boys shot first as RB Marion Barber got a 1-yard TD run.  The Rams would go on to score 34 unanswered points with QB Marc Bulger completing a 42-yard TD pass to WR Donnie Avery, along with RB Steven Jackson getting an 8-yard and a 1-yard TD run.  In the second quarter, St. Louis increased their lead as kicker Josh Brown got a 52-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, Dallas continued to struggle as Jackson got a 56-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, the Rams ended their domination with Brown nailing a 35-yard field goal.  Afterwards, the 'Boys got their only response as Johnson completed a 34-yard TD pass to rookie TE Martellus Bennett.

Week 8: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Rams, the Cowboys went home for a Week 8 duel with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.  With QB Tony Romo still nursing an injured pinkie, QB Brad Johnson got the start against the team that he helped win Super Bowl XXXVII.

In the first quarter, Dallas trailed early as Buccaneers kicker Matt Bryant got a pair of 36-yard field goals.  In the second quarter, the 'Boys took the lead as kicker Nick Folk got a 38-yard field goal, along with Johnson completing a 2-yard TD pass to WR Roy Williams.  In the third quarter, Dallas increased its lead with Folk making a 45-yard field goal.  Tampa Bay responded with Bryant nailing a 41-yard field goal.  Afterward, the Big D's defense held on for the victory.

Week 9: at New York Giants

Coming off their home win over the Buccaneers, the Cowboys flew to Giants Stadium for a Week 9 NFC East duel with the New York Giants.  With QB Tony Romo nursing an injured pinkie, QB Brad Johnson once again got the start.

In the first quarter, the 'Boys trailed early as Giants QB Eli Manning completed a 13-yard TD pass to TE Kevin Boss and a 5-yard TD pass to WR Steve Smith.  In the second quarter, Dallas responded with rookie CB Mike Jenkins returning an interception 23 yards for a touchdown.  New York would answer with Manning completing an 11-yard TD pass to WR Amani Toomer.  After the half, Johnson (5/11 for 71 yards and 2 interceptions) was benched for QB Brooks Bollinger.

In the third quarter, the Giants increased their lead as RB Brandon Jacobs got a 12-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, the 'Boys tried to rally as Bollinger completed an 8-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens.  However, New York pulled away as RB Derrick Ward got a 17-yard TD run.

With the loss, the Cowboys entered their bye week 5–4.

Week 11: at Washington Redskins

Coming off their bye week, the Cowboys flew to Fedex Field for a Week 11 NFC East rematch with the Washington Redskins on Sunday Night Football.

In the first quarter, the 'Boys trailed early as Redskins QB Jason Campbell completed a 2-yard TD pass to FB Mike Sellers.  In the second quarter, Dallas responded with RB Marion Barber getting a 2-yard TD run.  Washington would close out the half with kicker Shaun Suisham getting a 41-yard field goal.  After a scoreless third quarter, the Cowboys took a fourth quarter lead as QB Tony Romo completed a 25-yard TD pass to rookie TE Martellus Bennett.  Afterwards, Dallas' defense kept the Redskins' offense from making any kind of a comeback.

With the win, the Cowboys improved to 6–4.

Week 12: vs. San Francisco 49ers

Coming off their divisional road win over the Redskins, the Cowboys went home, donned their throwback uniforms, and played a Week 12 game with the San Francisco 49ers. In the first quarter, Dallas trailed early as 49ers kicker Joe Nedney made a 23-yard and a 22-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Cowboys took a lead as QB Tony Romo completed a 75-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens, LB Carlos Polk blocked an Andy Lee punt into the back of the 49ers' endzone for a safety, kicker Nick Folk making a 48-yard and a 41-yard field goal, and Romo throwing a 45-yard pass to T.O., Then completing a 1-yard TD pass to TE Martellus Bennett.

In the third quarter, the Cowboys increased their lead as Romo completed a 10-yard TD pass to WR Patrick Crayton.  San Francisco answered with Nedney getting a 35-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, the 'Boys replied with Folk getting a 47-yard field goal.  The 49ers would try to stay in pace as QB Shaun Hill completed an 18-yard TD pass to WR Isaac Bruce, yet Dallas pulled away as Folk nailed a 42-yard field goal.  The 49ers tried to come back as Hill completed a 9-yard TD pass to RB DeShaun Foster, yet Dallas's defense held from there on out.

With the win, the Cowboys improved to 7–4.

Terrell Owens, having gone through 14-straight games without having a 100-yard receiving day, snapped his futility streak by having 7 catches for 213 yards and a touchdown.  His 213 receiving yards would be his 2nd-highest single game total in his career. Tony Romo finished with another 300 yard game giving him 13 300 yard games.

Week 13: vs. Seattle Seahawks

The Cowboys opened the game with a 5-play 71-yard drive that ended on a touchdown reception by rookie tight end Martellus Bennett. This effort marked the first time the Cowboys scored on their first drive since the last St. Louis game, and the sixth time to do so all season. On the ensuing drive, the Dallas defense forced a Seahawk fumble that was recovered by cornerback Anthony Henry. Dallas was able to drive deep into Seattle territory, and eventually gave the ball to running back Marion Barber for a 1-yard touchdown run. Following the Dallas drive, the Seahawks had to settle for a 44-yard field goal.

Once the second quarter began, the Cowboys successfully used their passing game to move to the endzone; tight end Jason Witten scored the touchdown on a 7-yard catch. The touchdown followed by the extra point extended Dallas' lead to 21–3. On the next drive, the Cowboys defense limited the Seahawks offense to a punt. Starting a fresh drive at the Cowboy 20, quarterback Tony Romo threw a 38-yard strike to Roy E. Williams. Three consecutive incompletions by Romo led the Cowboys to send in kicker Nick Folk to hit a 41-yard field goal through the uprights. After an unsuccessful offensive drive by the Seahawks, the Dallas offense returned to the field, though were forced to their first three-and-out. Once Seattle got the ball back, quarterback Matt Hasselbeck found two of his receivers who both combined for a gain of 47 yards. The Seahawks, however, lost nine of those yards on two quarterback sacks. They had to settle again for another field goal to cut Dallas' lead to 24–6. Both of the team's offenses each had one three-and-out during the 1:31 left in the half. The Cowboys got the ball back, though did not have much time to engineer a successful drive. Romo kneeled to end the half. Overall, Dallas' four scoring drives in the first half consisted of 26 plays, 17 of which occurred on a first down; just three came on third down.

Once the third quarter commenced, the Seahawks took the time to move the ball deep into the Dallas red zone. They were stopped on third down at the Dallas 7, and elected to go for their third field goal. This drive took 5:23, the longest drive thus far in the game. On Dallas' next possession, cornerback Marcus Trufant intercepted an endzone pass that was intended for wideout Terrell Owens. The Seahawks offense was unable to capitalize on the turnover, as they were unable to convert for the first down. Dallas followed with an unsuccessful drive that ended on their second punt of the game. The Seahawks faced their second three-and-out of the quarter on their ensuing possession; their punt led Dallas to field their offense at the Dallas 44. After two plays, Romo threw to Owens for a 33-yard gain. Owens scored a touchdown off a 19-yard catch on the next play, extending the Cowboys' lead to 31–9. Seattle failed again to produce a score during the two minutes left in the third quarter.

Dallas had the ball in possession once the fourth quarter began. The Cowboys gave the ball to rookie running back Tashard Choice to drain the clock. Choice contributed a total of 62 rushing yards to the drive, including long gain of 27. Despite Choice's help, Dallas had to score a field goal to complete the 6-minute drive. Trailing 34–9, the Seahawks still aimed to score a touchdown. Their effort was cut short when Cowboys cornerback Terrence Newman compiled an interception at the Dallas 2 on the Seahawks' third play of the drive. With 7:51 remaining in the game, Dallas was not able to convert for the first down and punted the ball, which the Seahawks retrieved at their 43. During the final six minutes of the game, the Seahawks pulled another three-and-out. Dallas then continued to run out the clock but had to give the ball back to Seattle. The Seahawks still had a chance to score in the final two minutes, but fell short again. The Cowboys won 34–9.

Linebacker DeMarcus Ware finished with 4 tackles and 3 sacks, which earned him the NFL on Fox's 2008 Galloping Gobbler Award.

The Jonas Brothers performed during halftime (one of the members, Nick Jonas, was born in Dallas), while Demi Lovato (also a Dallas native) performed the national anthem.

Week 14: at Pittsburgh Steelers

This was the Cowboys and Steelers' 30th all time meeting.

In a defensive battle, neither team managed to score in the 1st quarter. In the second quarter, the only scores were a 44-yard field goal by Nick Folk for Dallas and a 24-yard field by Jeff Reed for Pittsburgh. The teams went into halftime tied at 3.

In the 3rd, Tony Romo found Terrell Owens for a 12-yard touchdown pass that broke the tie. Then, a 33-yard field goal by Nick Folk sent the Cowboys into the 4th quarter with a 13–3 lead. Midway through the 4th, Jeff Reed connected on a 41-yard field goal to cut the Cowboys' lead to 13–6. Then, Ben Roethlisberger and Tight End Heath Miller hooked up for a 6-yard Steelers touchdown that tied the game at 13. On the ensuing Dallas possession, Tony Romo was intercepted by Deshea Townsend who returned it 25 yards for a touchdown, and Pittsburgh led 20–13. After the kickoff, the Cowboys failed to convert on a 4th-and-10 and the Steelers got the ball back. They were then able to run the clock out and seal the victory.

With the Cowboys falling to 8–5, the New York Giants clinched the NFC East (despite losing to the Eagles).

Week 15: vs. New York Giants

In battle for field position the first points came in the second quarter with Tony Romo connecting with Patrick Crayton on a 34-yard touchdown pass.  New York answered with a 34-yard field goal from John Carney.

As New York tried to get a drive going they contended with the a Dallas defence that leads the league in sacks.  Quarterback Eli Manning was brought down eight times during the game.  In the fourth quarter Dallas extended its small lead with a 1-yard touchdown pass to full back Deon Anderson.  After a mistake by the Dallas offensive line the Giants scored a safety.  Later John Carney nailed a 47-yard field goal to make the score 14–8 for Dallas.  With 2:24 left on the clock Dallas sealed the win with a 38-yard touchdown run by Tashard Choice.  The two-point conversion failed.

With the win, Dallas improved to 9–5. This would be the last Cowboys win at Texas Stadium and for the 2008 NFL Season.

Week 16: vs. Baltimore Ravens

Coming off their win over the Giants, the Cowboys stayed at home for a Week 16 interconference battle with the Baltimore Ravens, in what would be the final game at Texas Stadium.

In the first quarter, Dallas struck first as rookie running back Tashard Choice got a 2-yard touchdown run.  The Ravens would respond with a 26-yard field goal from kicker Matt Stover.  Baltimore would take the lead in the second quarter as Stover got a 29-yard and a 37-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as quarterback Joe Flacco completed a 13-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Derrick Mason.  The Cowboys answered in the fourth quarter as kicker Nick Folk got a 35-yard field goal, but Baltimore answered right back with Stover's 35-yard field goal.  Dallas tried to rally as quarterback Tony Romo completed a 7-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Terrell Owens, but the Ravens struck right back as running back Willis McGahee got a 77-yard touchdown run.  The Cowboys tried to come back as Romo completed a 21-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jason Witten, but the Ravens pulled away with fullback Le'Ron McClain's 82-yard touchdown run (the longest TD run that the Cowboys would ever give up during their tenure at Texas Stadium).

With the loss, Dallas fell to 9–6 on the season and 0–3 all-time against the Ravens. For a while they lost their chances of controlling the NFC Wild Card spot, but got it back the next day with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers losing 41–24 to the San Diego Chargers.

Week 17: at. Philadelphia Eagles

Hoping to recover from their home loss to the Ravens, the Cowboys closed out their regular season at Lincoln Financial Field in a crucial Week 17 NFC East rematch with the Philadelphia Eagles, with a playoff berth on the line.  Dallas trailed early in the first quarter as Eagles David Akers got a 40-yard field goal.  Dallas would respond with kicker Nick Folk getting a 37-yard field goal.  However, in the second quarter, Philadelphia would take a huge lead as quarterback Donovan McNabb would get a 1-yard touchdown run and complete a 4-yard touchdown pass to running back Correll Buckhalter, along with a 1-yard touchdown pass to tight end Brent Celek.  Afterwards, the Eagles would close out the half with a 50-yard field goal from Akers.

In the third quarter, the Cowboys' playoff hopes continued to fade as defensive end Chris Clemons returned a fumble 73 yards for a touchdown, while cornerback Joselio Hanson returned another fumble 96 yards for a touchdown.  Philadelphia would close out the period with Akers' 41-yard field goal.

With the loss, the Cowboys finished 9–7, ensuring they would be 0–9 in Week 17 games since 2000. Also with the loss, the Cowboys were eliminated from playoff contention.

Statistics
Through Week 5

Passing

Rushing

Receiving

Kicking

Punting

Rosters

Opening training camp roster

Week one roster

Final roster

See also
 2008 AFC East standings
 2008 AFC North standings
 2008 AFC South standings
 2008 AFC West standings
 2008 NFC North standings
 2008 NFC South standings
 2008 NFC West standings

References

External links

 2008 Dallas Cowboys
 Pro Football Hall of Fame
 Dallas Cowboys Official Site

Dallas
Dallas Cowboys seasons
Dallas


Dipodium punctatum, commonly known as the blotched hyacinth-orchid, is a leafless orchid that is a native to eastern and south-eastern continental Australia. In summer it produces a tall flowering stem with up to sixty pale to bright pink flowers with heavy red blotches. A widespread and common species it is often confused with D. roseum and some authorities regard it as a synonym of D. squamatum.

Description
Dipodium punctatum is a leafless, tuberous, perennial, mycoheterotrophic herb. Between five and sixty pale to bright pink flowers with heavy red blotches and  wide are borne on a green to blackish, hyacinth-like flowering stem  tall. The sepals and petals are linear to elliptic or lance-shaped,  long,  wide and free from each other with their tips sometimes slightly curved backwards. The labellum is  long,  wide and has three lobes. The centre lobe has a band of pink to mauve hairs, the band narrow near the base but widening towards the tip of the lobe. Flowering occurs from November to March.

This orchid is often confused with D. roseum but has a narrower band of labellum hairs, darker blotches and less recurved sepals and petals.

Taxonomy and naming
This orchid was first formally described in 1804 by English botanist James Edward Smith in the journal Exotic Botany. Smith gave it the name Dendrobium punctatum. In 1810, Scottish botanist Robert Brown placed the species in his newly described genus Dipodium, publishing the change in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The specific epithet (punctatum) is derived from the Latin word punctum meaning "little hole", "dot" or "point".

The  World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) records this species as a synonym of Dipodium squamatum.

Distribution and habitat
The blotched hyacinth orchid is common in woodland and forest along the coast and ranges of New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland. It is also widespread in Victoria especially in the east of the state. There are a few records of the species from the far south-east corner of South Australia.

Dipodium punctatum does not occur in Tasmania. Plants in that state previously classified as D. punctatum are currently referred to D. roseum, which was described in 1991.

In South Australia, D. punctatum is listed as endangered. Populations currently included within D. roseum and D. campanulatum were originally part of a wider circumscription of D. punctatum in South Australia.

References

 Dipodium punctatum Ecology of Cumberland Plain Woodland, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
 Dipodium punctatum ABC

External links

Herbarium specimen of Dendrobium punctatum (The Linnean Society of London)
 Youtube video of D. punctatum

Orchids of New South Wales
Orchids of the Australian Capital Territory
Orchids of Queensland
Orchids of South Australia
Orchids of Victoria (state)
Endemic orchids of Australia
punctatum
Plants described in 1804


Herman Clark Stadium Paul Galvan Field is a 12,000-capacity multi-use stadium in Fort Worth, Texas. The stadium is mostly used for High school football where it hosts teams from the Fort Worth Independent School District but is also used for track & field contests and soccer matches. The playing surface is artificial turf and there is no video scoreboard. Built in 1970 adjacent to Tarrant County College-South Campus, the stadium is named for Herman E. Clark, a longtime Fort Worth ISD athletic director. The field is named for Paul Galvan.

In February 2021, the parking lots of the stadium were used to stage a drive-through COVID-19 vaccination site.

References

External links
 Information at Texas Bob - Football stadiums

Sports venues completed in 1970
American football venues in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Athletics (track and field) venues in Texas
Soccer venues in Texas
High school football venues in Texas
Sports venues in Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth Independent School District


Arno Hermann Oscar Alfred Holz (26 April 1863 – October 1929) was a German naturalist poet and dramatist. He is best known for his poetry collection Phantasus (1898). He was nominated for a Nobel prize in literature nine times.

Life and Works
Holz was born in Rastenburg, East Prussia (now Kętrzyn, Poland), the son of pharmacist Hermann Holz and Franziska née Werner. The family moved to Berlin in 1875. After his schooling, Holz worked in 1881 as a journalist but chose a living as a freelance writer. He was beset with financial difficulties for much of his life. He established contacts with the Berlin naturalist club Durch where he met famed writer Gerhart Hauptmann. In 1885 his poetry collection, Buch der Zeit (book of time) won the Schiller Prize. Around this time, Holz was fascinated by Darwinism.

From 1888 onward Holz lived and worked together with translator and writer Johannes Schlaf. Together they developed a theory of "consistent naturalism" in their programmatic text, Art: its Nature and its Laws, wherein they aimed to provide art an exact description and incorporated colloquial elements. They tried, in their description, to eliminate subjectivity from art, to the extent it was scientifically possible, summarized in Holz's formula,

Art = Nature − x

where x is the materials needed to produce art. Ideally, art is to be as close to nature as possible, and it is the artist's responsibility to minimize x in this formula. Holz and Schlaf attempted to apply the theoretical postulate of "consistent naturalism" in their joint works, Papa Hamlet and Die Familie Selicke, plays published under the pseudonym Bjarne P. Holmsen (premiered 1890 in Berlin and Madeburg). The demand that art should be an accurate reproduction of reality lead to new experimental modes of expression – for example, the "second by second style" () in which social deprivation is described in exact minute detail in real time. Reception of Papa Hamlet was quite varied. Most critics deplored it, but others, including Theodor Fontane, found it contained high artistic value.

Schlaf and Holz quarreled over revenue from the two plays, which was relatively modest, causing a break in their relations. Holz claimed he could have done more and had contributed more artistically to both works. Holz went on to experiment with unrhymed styles breaking traditional rules of form. He claimed works should be determined by "inner rhythm" and free from regular rhyme and versification. He laid down these principles in his writing, Revolution in Poetry (1899).

In 1893 he married Emilie Wittenberg with whom he had three sons.

In 1896 Holz commenced work on a dramatic cycle, Berlin inspired by Zola's series of novels, Rougon-Macquart. His work, Change in Dramatic Time, originally drawn from twenty five separate pieces, remains unfinished in three works: the comedy Socialaristokraten ("Social Aristocrats," 1896) and the tragedies Eclipse (1908) and Ignorabimus (1913). These late dramas failed with contemporary theater audiences; the book editions, in spite of numerous revisions, found few buyers.

In 1898 Holz published his masterpiece, the poetry volume Phantasus, a work in which he displayed his linguistic virtuosity. The work describes the milieu of slighted hungry poets of Holz's own Wedding neighborhood in Berlin. Holz had worked on the poems throughout his creative life, often amending, casting aside, and revisiting his varied texts. A typographical feature of the poetry is that all the lines are centered on an axis giving both a right and left ragged edge (common in the modern day of computers but rare at the time). For example, the following (practically untranslatable) passage about St. George's Church in Rastenburg, from "Childhood paradise"

...
landfernhin schauenden, landfernhin lugenden, landfernhin
sichtbaren
Burgbelfriedtürme
der massig, der mächtig, der
wuchtig
der
sturmtrotzig, ehrwürdig, bollwerkkühn,
letztzufluchtstark
stolzen,
feldsteinuntermauerten, ziegelstumpfbraunrötlichen,
berghügelkrönenden,
strebepfeilerigen, sternkreuzgewölbigen,
buntfensterigen
Sankt
Georgenkirche.
[... / looking out remotely on the country, peeping out on the country, remotely from the country / visible / castle belfry towers / of massive, of mighty, of / powerful / of / storm defying, venerable, boldly bulwarked / the last refuge / proud / underpinned by fieldstones, dull reddish brown bricked / mountain hill crowning / buttressed, starry cross-vaulted / colorfully windowed / Saint / George's Church]

In 1903, he wrote Songs on an old Lute inspired by the poetry of the Baroque era. This volume was later expanded as Dafnis and published by Reinhard Piper, and one of Holz's few financial successes. The poems incorporated in the volume's, design, subject, and layout celebrations of Baroque eating and erotic events. Holz also received recognition for his tragicomedy Traumulus (1904), the first of five he created with his friend Oskar Jerschke. The work was produced on many stages upon its publication and in 1935 it became the basis of a film produced by Carl Froelich starring Emil Jannings in the title role.

Between 1910 and 1929 Holz lived in the Schöneberg district of Berlin. He divorced and remarried in 1926, and is buried in an honored grave at the Friedhof Heerstrasse. Several monuments have been erected in his honor.

Notes

References

 Phantasus edited by Donatella Casarini ed Enzo Minarelli, Udine, Campanotto Editore, 2008.[Italian Translation]
 Phantasus / Fantazus translated and edited by Krzysztof D. Szatrawski, Kętrzyn, Stowarzyszenie im. Arno Holza dla Porozumienia Polsko-Niemieckiego, 2013 [bilingual edition with Polish translation]
 L'Altro Phantasus di Arno Holz by Enzo Minarelli, Donatella Casarini translation, with a DVD including a videopoem and an oral performance, Udine, Campanotto Editore, 2015 [Italian translation]
 Neun Liebesgedichte / Dziewięć wierszy miłosnych, translated and edited by Krzysztof D. Szatrawski, Kętrzyn, Stowarzyszenie im. Arno Holza dla Porozumienia Polsko-Niemieckiego, 2017 [bilingual edition with Polish translation]

External links

1863 births
1929 deaths
People from Kętrzyn
Writers from the Province of Prussia
German poets
German male poets
German male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century German dramatists and playwrights
19th-century German male writers
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
German-language poets


Londres is a small tourist town in the Belén Department of Catamarca Province, Argentina.  It is situated at  above sea level alongside the Ruta Nacional 40. It is at the foot of Shincal mountains, near the Quimivil river and is traditionally divided into two parts "Arriba" (Spanish for Upper) and "Abajo" (for Lower), divided by the "Hondo" River.

History and naming
Londres was founded in 1558 and named Londres de la Nueva Inglaterra (Spanish for London of the New England) in honor of the fact that  Philip II, King of Spain at time of its founding, was married to Mary Tudor (Mary I of England).

Tourism

The Church of the Immaculate Conception, National Historical Monument is in Londres.

The ruins of the Shincal de Quimivil are located  from Londres. These are 30 hectares where reconstructions of parts of an urban settlement inhabited by the indigenous population of the area in the 15th and 16th centuries.

This city, known as "The birthplace of the nut" is home to the provincial nut festival, celebrated every year in January.

Population

The 2001 census records a population of 2,134 inhabitants (INDEC 2001) which represents an increase of 15.7% over the 1,844 inhabitants recorded in the previous census (INDEC 1991)

References

External links
 Argentina Interior Ministry
 catamarcaguia.com.ar

Populated places in Catamarca Province
Populated places established in 1558


Luzia may refer to:

People
 Luzia Bezerra (born 1968), Angolan handball player
 Luzia Ebnöther (born 1971), Swiss curler
 Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel (1926–2011), Dutch architect
 Luzia Premoli (born 1955), Brazilian nun
 Luzia Simão (born 1992), Angolan basketball player
 Luzia Inglês Van-Dúnem (born 1948), Angolan politician
 Luzia von Wyl (born 1985), Swiss jazz pianist and composer
 Luzia Zberg (born 1970), Swiss cyclist

Other uses
 Luzia Woman, the skeletal remains of a prehistoric woman found in a cave in Brazil
 Luzia (Cirque du Soleil), a circus show by Cirque du Soleil
 Luzia (album)
 Luzia, a supporter of the 19th-century Liberal Party of Brazil

See also
 Santa Luzia (disambiguation)
 Lutzia
 Lusia (disambiguation)
 Lucia (disambiguation)
 Lucy (disambiguation)


Manchester Local School District may refer to:

Manchester Local School District (Adams County), Adams County, Ohio
Manchester Local School District (Summit County), Ohio


Robert Stayner Holford (1808–1892), of Westonbirt, in the village of Weston Birt, Gloucestershire, MP for East Gloucestershire, was a wealthy landowner, gardening and landscaping enthusiast, and an art collector.  With his vast wealth, he rebuilt Westonbirt House from the Georgian mansion erected only decades earlier by his father, and founded the Westonbirt Arboretum after succeeding his uncle and father between 1838 and 1839. His London home was Dorchester House.

Holford served as MP for East Gloucestershire from 1854 when he was elected in a by-election on 19 December on the death of the member Sir Michael Hicks Beach, 8th Baronet (d. 22 November 1854), and continued in that office for eighteen years. He was re-elected in 1857 with Sir Christopher William Codrington and again in 1859 with Codrington (who died 1864 forcing another by-election). He was re-elected in 1864 with the new member Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, 9th Bt. (son of the previous MP).  In 1872, he vacated the seat.

Family
Holford was the son of George Peter Holford (d. 1839), himself the second son of Peter Holford (d. 1804) who made an immense fortune by supplying London with fresh water through a canal, the New River. The Holfords had been seated at Westonbirt since 1666 when a Holford married the heiress Sarah Crew.  Robert inherited the fortune of his uncle and namesake Robert Holford (d. 1838) of over one million pounds and in 1839 he inherited Westonbirt House from his father.

Holford married Mary Anne Lindsay, a daughter of Lt. General Sir James Lindsay of Balcarres (himself grandson of James Lindsay, 5th Earl of Balcarres) by his second wife Anne Trotter, daughter of Sir Coutts Trotter, 1st Baronet. (Mary Anne's sister Margaret had married their second cousin Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford). Holford and his wife had the following children
 Sir George Lindsay Holford (1860–1926) who married Susannah West Menzies (1865–1943), daughter of Arthur Wilson of Tranby Croft, widow of John Graham Menzies (1861–1911), mother of Major-General Sir Stewart Menzies.
 Margaret Holford (d. 9 February 1908) who married on 17 June 1876 Albert Parker, 3rd Earl of Morley, and had three sons and one daughter. The two elder sons succeeded to the earldom as 4th and 5th Earls, and a third son was father of the 6th and most recent Earl of Morley. These collateral successions necessitated death duties and also meant sale of the family estates, including Westonbirt House and eventually Saltram House.
 Edmund Robert Parker, 4th Earl of Morley (19 April 1877 – 10 October 1951) who inherited Westonbirt from his maternal uncle and sold the house shortly thereafter. He died unmarried, and was succeeded by his next brother.
 Montagu Brownlow Parker, 5th Earl of Morley (13 October 1878 – 28 April 1962), who succeeded his older brother in 1951 and also died unmarried, being succeeded by his nephew.
 Hon. John Holford Parker (22 June 1886 – 27 February 1955), married the Hon. Marjory Katherine Elizabeth Alexandra St Aubyn, daughter of the Baron St Levan. Their eldest son,  John St Aubyn Parker (b. 29 May 1923), became the 6th Earl of Morley, and has  one son.
 Alice Holford (d. 22 September 1944) who married on 9 June 1877 Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1851–1917), and had five children, one of whom died in early childhood.
  Lady Victoria Mary Sybil Grey (9 June 1878 – 3 February 1907) married Arthur Morton Grenfell in 1901, and left children
 5th Earl Grey (15 December 1879 – 2 April 1963), who had two daughters by his wife Lady Mabel Laura Georgiana Palmer. The elder daughter Mary (1907–2002) married the 1st Baron Howick of Glendale.
 Lady Sybil Grey (15 July 1882 – 4 June 1966) O.B.E. married Lambert William Middleton (1877–1941) of Lowood House, Melrose, Scotland, nephew of Sir Arthur Middleton, 7th Baronet, and Frederick Edmund Meredith. She was invested as an Officer, Order of the British Empire in 1918, having served as the Commandant of the Dorchester House Hospital for Officers. She was well known for her work with the Red Cross in Russia during World War I, and for her work with tuberculosis sufferers (founding the Lady Grey Society). She was an amateur photographer and filmmaker of note, and recorded village life at Darnick and St. Boswells  . After her husband died she sold Lowood House and moved to Burley, Hampshire. They were the parents of a son and a daughter.
 Evelyn Grey, married L.E. Jones
 Evelyn Holford (1856–1943) who married the art collector, banker, and art patron Robert Henry Benson (1850–1929), and had children.  Their daughter Margaret Winifred Benson married 1915 Major General Sir Hereward Wake, 13th Bt. and had children, including the present baronet.  The eldest son Guy Holford Benson (1888–1975) married 1921 Lady Violet Elcho (1888–1971), widow of Lord Elcho, and 2nd daughter of the 8th Duke of Rutland, and had three sons. Another son Constantine Evelyn Benson, a financier, married Lady Morvyth Lilian Ward, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Dudley, and had children including Lady Tompkins (d. 2003).

Notes

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Christopher Stocks. "Gardens: Log On", The Independent on Sunday, 22 May 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
'Westonbirt with Lasborough: Introduction', A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 11: Bisley and Longtree Hundreds (1976), pp. 283–285. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=19152. Date accessed: 4 February 2008.

External links

High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
1808 births
1892 deaths
British art collectors


The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in Manhasset, Nassau County, New York, United States, on Long Island, constitute the research arm of Northwell Health. Feinstein is home to 50 research labs, 2,500 clinical research studies, and 5,000 professional and support staff. Feinstein scientists conduct research in molecular medicine, genetics, cancer, brain research, mental health, autoimmunity and bioelectronic medicine, among others. Feinstein is the laboratory and faculty home of the Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine. Students without an MD degree may earn a PhD in molecular medicine via the Zucker School of Medicine, as part of the medical school's MD/PhD or PhD programs.

The Feinstein Institutes acquired assets from the closing of the Picower Institute for Medical Research, founded in 1991 by Anthony Cerami and funded by Jeffry Picower. In 2001 the institute's funding was withdrawn and it closed; in 2002 it was acquired by The Institute for Medical Research at North Shore-LIJ.  In 2005 board member Leonard Feinstein, co-founder of Bed Bath & Beyond, made a $25 million gift that led to its renaming The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research. In 2016, Feinstein and his wife, Susan, committed another $25 million.

In 2019, Feinstein comprised 5 institutes:
 Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, led by Yousef Al-Abed, PhD.
 Institute of Molecular Medicine, led by Betty Diamond, MD.
 Institute of Cancer Research, led by Richard R. Barakat, MD.
 Institute of Health Innovations & Outcomes Research, led by Thomas McGinn, MD, MPH.
 Institute of Behavioral Science, led by John Kane, MD.

Feinstein publishes two open-access, international peer-reviewed medical journals in partnership with BioMed Central, part of Springer Nature: Molecular Medicine and Bioelectronic Medicine.

The Feinstein Institutes bestow two major academic awards: the Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine, starting in 2013, and the Ross Prize in Molecular Medicine.

Support services and cores

Feinstein has the standard support services and scientific cores to support basic research. Support includes:
 Animal Welfare Office - IACUC & IBC
 Biostatistics Unit
 Center for Comparative Physiology
 Center for Research Informatics & Innovation
 Environmental Health & Safety Office
 Human Research Protection Program
 Office of Clinical Research
 Office of Intellectual Assets Management
 Office of Research Compliance
 Office of Research Policy & Training

The cores include:
 Flow Cytometry Core
 Microscopy Core
 Molecular Biology Core Facility
 Nursing Core
 Quantitative PCR Core Facility

Multimillion dollar fine
In 2016, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research agreed to pay the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights (OCR), $3.9 million to settle potential violations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) privacy and security rules and to undertake a substantial corrective action plan to bring its operations into compliance.

References

External links

Manhasset, New York
Medical research institutes in New York (state)
Non-profit organizations based in New York (state)


Michael Dawson  is a businessman and former politician from County Dublin in Ireland. He is the founder and CEO of Gift Voucher Shop.

Career
Dawson served briefly as a senator in 1989, when he was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 18th Seanad to fill a vacancy after the 1989 general election.

In 2002, he founded he Gift Voucher Shop (GVS), an international company that created the Multi-Retailer Gift Card.

Dawson was one of finalists in the 2007 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year programme. In 2010, he was named 'Fingal Business Person of the Year' at the Business Excellence Awards 2010.

In November 2018, Dawson sold his share of the Gift Voucher Shop to Fintech Blackhawk Network when the company purchased the One4all gift voucher business.

Personal life
He lives in Malahide, County Dublin. Dawson was married to Pauline and together they had three sons. Pauline died in 2014 from cancer.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Businesspeople from County Dublin
Irish chief executives
Members of the 18th Seanad
Politicians from County Dublin
Fianna Fáil senators
Nominated members of Seanad Éireann


The Clark Thread Company Historic District, located at 900 Passaic Avenue, East Newark, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, is a large mill complex.  Begun in 1875, it was a major manufacturing site of the Clark Thread Company, the world's leading manufacturer of sewing thread, until 1935.  The complex was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1978 for this association.  It now functions as an industrial park housing a diversity of businesses.

Description and history
The former Clark Thread Company facilities lie overlooking the Passaic River in East Newark, covering an area of about  bounded by Passaic, Grant, and Central Avenues, and a railroad right-of-way that parallels Johnston Avenue.  There are 35 buildings on the site, built between 1875 and 1910.  Most are of brick construction, the most prominent ones being large four-story mills with rows of segmented-arch windows.

The Clark Company was founded in 1864 by George and William Clark, the sons of Scottish thread manufacturer James Clark, who acted as agents for their father's firm.  First located in nearby Newark, the Clark firm expanded into East Newark in 1875.  The company became famous for its thread, which was specifically developed to work well with then-new sewing machines.  It was the largest threadmaker in the nation by 1873, and doubled in size by William Clark's death in 1897, when it merged with competitor J&P Coats.  Coats and its successors continued to operate on this site until the 1930s, when they began moving production to the American South.  The site is now used by a variety of industrial companies.

In 1888, Scientific American recognized Clark Thread Works to have the highest chimney in the United States at 335 ft.

See also
Conant Thread-Coats & Clark Mill Complex District, a former Coats & Clark mill complex in Rhode Island
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County, New Jersey

References

External links

Clark Thread Company Historic District, East Newark, NJ. Photo Essay. Retrieved 8 April 2017.

National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey
Historic districts in Hudson County, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
East Newark, New Jersey


Guidance Recordings was a house music record label based in Chicago, Illinois.

The record label was founded in Summer of 1986 by Ivan Pavlovich, Rob Kouchoukos, Sid Stary and Kelly McNeer.

The label has released a great number of compilation albums in the subgenre of deep house, with the strains of soulful electronic music, nu-jazz, funk, Afro-Caribbean, Latin, electro, synth-punk, Electronic Rock, West Coast Hip Hop. Garage, Acoustic, Drum and Bass, and broken beat rhythms. One of their most illustrious and memorable productions was the Hi-Fidelity House Imprint series, which lasted for five volumes, featuring homegrown artists such as Nuspirit Helsinki, and guest appearances like tracks from Dubtribe Sound System.

Artists
 A:xus
 Alpine Stars
 Bent
 Boo Williams
 Common Nature
 Deep Sensation
 Flunk
 Fresh & Low
 Grey
 Groove Corporation
 Glenn Underground
 Kasio
 Nuspirit Helsinki
 The Dolphins
 Paul Hunter Of the Red Hook Project
 Projekt:p.m. Also known as Artek606 of 606 Entertainment Music
 Soul Brother Six Combo
 Troublemakers
 The Dining Rooms
 Caia

See also
 List of record labels
 List of electronic music record labels

External links
 Guidance Recordings website
 Discogs: Guidance Recordings

American independent record labels
Electronic music record labels
House music record labels
Record labels established in 1996


Hunters View is a housing project in the Hunters Point neighborhood in San Francisco.

History
The site, built in 1957 and intended to be temporary, was rated in 2007 by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development with a score of 26 out of 100, ranking it as one of the worst housing developments in the United States, with problems such as boarded-up units, lack of smoke detectors, mold, broken appliances, holes in walls, bullet holes in walls, sewage flowing through the street because of a broken pipe, and burnt out garbage cans, and was the site of a housing fire in 1997 that killed 6 people. The City paid off a $12 million lawsuit to the fire victims' families in April 2009.

It has been the site of many crimes, which contributed to the homicide rate in San Francisco in the past, and in 2008 it received gunshot sensors due to the amount of crime in the area.

Reconstruction
There are currently plans to overhaul the complex, which won't break ground until 2009, as the development is compared to some residents as a third-world country.

Starting in 2007, a multi-phase rebuilding of this complex has been ongoing. In 2016, the second of four phases was completed and provides 80 "public housing" units, and 27 "affordable" units (for households making 55 percent of median income or less) for a total cost of $84 million for the 107 units. (An average cost of $785,000 per unit)

The complete cost of all phases is projected to be $450 million for a total of 700 units (an average cost of $643,000 per unit).

References

Residential buildings in San Francisco
Public housing in the United States


Achemez Gochiyayev (born 1970 in Karachayevsk) is a Russian citizen who was accused of organizing the Russian apartment bombings, a series of terrorist acts in 1999 that killed 307 people and led the country into the Second Chechen War. The five bombings took place during two weeks between September 4 and September 16, 1999, in Moscow, and the southern towns of Buynaksk and Volgodonsk. Gochiyayev has not been arrested or convicted and ostensibly remains a fugitive; he has not been seen since early March 2002.

Biography
Gochiyayev is an ethnic Karachay, born in the city of Karachayevsk in the North Caucasus. After finishing high school, he served in the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces. He had been living in Moscow for more than ten years. He ran a small construction company, Kapstroy 2000 in Moscow and got married in 1996. According to independent investigator Mikhail Trepashkin, Gochiyayev was an ordinary "russified Karachai" who lived in Moscow, and the information that he was an adherent of the Wahhabis came solely from a fabricated FSB investigation.

Alleged involvement in bombings
Gochiyayev rented premises at four locations in Moscow where bombs were found. He, Tatyana Koroleva and Alexander Karmishin were founders of the company that received shipments of the explosives, RDX, used in the bombings. When the two first bombs went off claiming more than 200 lives, he called the police to warn about two remaining bombs (at Borisovskie Prudy and Kapotnya). Those bombs were found at the addresses he had given, and were deactivated, preventing a large number of further casualties. Gochiyayev claimed that he was framed by an old acquaintance, an FSB officer who asked him to rent basements "as storage facilities" at four locations where bombs were later found.

According to the FSB, Gochiyayev received $500,000 from warlord Ibn Al-Khattab to carry out the attacks. The FSB released a picture showing the two together, claiming that it proved that the two had close links. The pictures appeared in response to a statement by Alexander Litvinenko that he has a letter from Gochiyayev denying any ties with Khattab. According to Litvinenko, a British forensic analyst was unable to determine if the man in the photo was Gochiyayev. Alexander Litvinenko was later murdered in London with polonium.

An independent public commission to investigate the bombings, chaired by Duma deputy Sergei Kovalyov, started its work in February 2002. On March 5, Sergei Yushenkov and Duma member Yuli Rybakov flew to London where they met Alexander Litvinenko and Mikhail Trepashkin. After this meeting, Trepashkin began working with the commission. According to Trepashkin, the person who actually rented the premises was FSB officer Vladimir Romanovich. Trepashkin located Mark Blumenfeld, the owner of the Guryanov Street basement warehouse in Moscow where the explosives were stored. Blumenfeld stated that the composite sketch of the man who had rented his basement was later replaced with a different sketch (of Gochiyaev) by FSB personnel. Blumenfeld said he was forced by FSB interrogators to testify against Gochiyaev. Trepashkin was unable to present his evidence in court because he was arrested a week before the trial, charged with illegal arms possession and divulging state secrets. He was convicted by a military closed court and sentenced to four years in prison. Romanovich was subsequently killed in a hit-and-run incident in Cyprus. Gochiyayev escaped to Georgia and later probably to Turkey, according to news reports. The last time author Yuri Felshtinsky and Litvinenko saw Gochiyayev was in 2002 to obtain his written statement, in which he admitted having helped to "rent these premises on Guryanov Street, Kashirka, Borisovskie Prudy and Kopotnya".

In 2010 a writer, Yulia Latynina, speculated that Gochiyayev might have been hiding in Turkey.

See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

Sources
Yuri Felshtinsky, Alexander Litvinenko, and Geoffrey Andrews. "Blowing up Russia: Terror from Within". Gibson Square Books, London, 2007.  (freely available as a PDF file).
Alex Goldfarb, with Marina Litvinenko Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, The Free Press, 2007,
ACHIMEZ GOCHIYAYEV: RUSSIA’S TERRORIST ENIGMA RETURNS By Andrew Mc Gregor
 Четыре туза  Computer translation
 Террористы всегда платили наличными  Computer translation
 Взрывы в Москве  Computer translation

1970 births
Fugitives wanted by Russia
Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges
1999 Russian apartment bombings
Possibly living people


This is a list of airlines of Europe.

European Union

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Albania

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Georgia

Iceland

Moldova

Montenegro

North Macedonia

Norway

Russia

Serbia

Switzerland

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Notes
Microstates
 has no airports
 has no airports
 - List of airlines of Monaco
 has no airports
 has no airports

Dependencies and other territories
 - List of airlines of Portugal
 has no active airlines
 has only 1 airline, Atlantic Airways
 has no active airlines
 has only 2 airlines, Aurigny and Blue Islands
 - List of airlines of Greenland
 has no active airlines
 has no active airlines
 - List of airlines of Svalbard

States with limited recognition
 has no active airlines
 - List of airlines of Kosovo
 has no active airlines
 has no active airlines
 has no active airlines

See also
 List of airlines
 List of defunct airlines of Europe
 List of largest airlines in Europe

Due to the size of the list it has been broken down into:


Hydroproject (, Gidroproekt) is a Russian hydrotechnical design firm. Based in Moscow, it has a number of branches around the country. Its main activities are design of dams, hydroelectric stations, canals, sluices, etc.

Hydroproject and its predecessor institutions have designed most of the hydroelectric dams and irrigation and navigation canals that have been built in the Soviet Union and Russia since the 1930s. They have designed a number of high-profile projects abroad as well, from India to Egypt to Canada. The institute, under Sergey Zhuk's leadership, also researched the Northern river reversal's potential. It has also been involved in realising nuclear power plants in the Soviet Union between 1969 and 1986.

History
Hydroproject traces its history to the design departments of the Moscow Canal Construction Project (the 1930s), and the Hydroelectrostroy Trust (Трест “Гидроэлектрострой”), which was formed on October 9, 1930, to coordinate the construction of hydroelectric dams in the USSR during its first five-year plan. The first director of the Hydroelectroproject Trust, the successor of the Hydroelectrostroy Trust, between 1932 and 1936, was Vissarion Chichinadze, who was executed during the Great Purge. The two organizations, after changing their names a number of times, were finally merged in 1962. Until 1950, they were within the ambit of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs; later, under the Ministry of Energy.

Some of the institute's regional branches, notably the one in Saint Petersburg, known as Lenhydroproject, have an even longer history. In the 1990s, the institute operated as a subsidiary of RAO UES, Russia's national electricity company. In 2010 it became part of the RusHydro group.

Major projects

In the USSR
Dams:
 Most of the hydro dams on the Volga and Kama; see Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station for a list.
 Angara River dams: Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station, Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, Ust-Ilimsk Hydroelectric Power Station.
 Yenisei River dams: Krasnoyarsk Dam, Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
 Inguri Dam, Georgia
 Nurek Dam, Tajikistan
 Rogun Dam, Tajikistan
 Toktogul Dam, Kyrgyzstan
 Pļaviņas Hydroelectric Power Station, Latvia
 Riga Hydroelectric Power Plant, Latvia
 Kruonis PSP, Lithuania

Canals:
 Moscow Canal
 Volga–Don Canal
 Volga–Baltic Waterway

Outside the USSR
Dams:
 Capanda Dam, Angola
 Paraná Medio, Argentina (proposed)
 Jenpeg Dam, the first stage of Nelson River Hydroelectric Project in Manitoba, Canada
 Sanmenxia Dam, China
 Aswan Dam, Egypt
 Melka Wakena Dam, Ethiopia
 Tehri Dam, India
 Al-Bagdadi Dam, Iraq
 Haditha Dam, Iraq
 Dukan Dam, Iraq
 Limón Dam, Peru
 Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station and Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station on the Danube, Romania–Serbia
 Tabqa Dam (a.k.a. Euphrates Dam), Syria
 Tishrin Dam, Syria
 Yali Falls Dam, Vietnam
 Hòa Bình Dam, Vietnam
 Sơn La Dam, Vietnam
 Lai Châu Dam, Vietnam

References

External links
 Official website (in Russian)

Hydroelectricity in Russia
Engineering companies of Russia
Electric power companies of Russia
Russian brands
Companies based in Moscow
Companies of the Soviet Union
RusHydro


Twist with Steve Alaimo is a studio album recorded by Steve Alaimo and released in 1961. The name of the album and several of the songs capitalize on the dance craze of the Twist although others are covers of songs previously made popular by other artists.

Track listing

Side 1
 "The Twist" (Hank Ballard)
 "Let's Go, Let's Go, Let's Go" (Hank Ballard)
 "Good Good Lovin'" (Harold Brown, Albert Shubert)
 "I've Got It!" (Steve Alaimo, Maynard)
 "Do the Mashed Potatoes" (Dessie Rozier)
 "Lucille" (Richard Wayne Penniman)

Side 2
 "Boppin' the Blues" (Carl Perkins, Curly Griffin)
 "The Hoochie Coochie Coo" (Hank Ballard, Billie Myles)
 "Let's Twist Again" (Kal Mann, Dave Appell)
 "Do the Hully Gully" (Steve Alaimo, Jesse Stone)
 "This Little Girl's Gone Rockin'" (Bobby Darin, Mann Curtis)
 "Twist All Night" (Steve Alaimo, Jesse Stone)

References

1961 debut albums
Steve Alaimo albums
Albums produced by Leonard Chess
Checker Records albums


Niccolò Marini (20 August 1843 – 27 July 1923) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as secretary of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches from 1917 to 1922, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1916.

Biography

Marini was born in Rome, and was a relative of Pietro Cardinal Marini. He studied at the Collegio Capranica; the Pontifical Gregorian University, from where he obtained his doctorates in philosophy, in theology, and in canon and civil law; and the Royal University of Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood on 26 June 1866, and then did pastoral work in Rome.

Founder of the Catholic daily Il buon senso, he also worked with Catholic Action in creating the women's club Gaetana Agnesi. He was later named vicar general of Cardinal Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano. He became an official of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation in 1878, and a Privy Chamberlain de numero participante on 20 July 1881. On 27 March 1882, he acted as ablegatus in delivering the red galero to the newly created cardinal Joaquín Lluch y Garriga. After being appointed a canon of the chapter of the Lateran Basilica, Marini was an attaché in the nunciature to Spain from 1882 to 1889. He was then named a canon of St. Peter's Basilica on 11 July 1889, Substitute (or deputy) of the Secretariat of Briefs on 18 March 1892, and both Domestic Prelate of His Holiness and Protonotary apostolic ad instar participantium two days later.

Marini was highly active in pursuing greater unity between the Eastern Christianity and the Western Church. It was this pursuit that took him on travels to the Holy Land, Egypt, Greece, and North Africa. Within the Roman Curia, he was made a consultor to the Sacred Congregation of Studies (10 October 1902), Pontifical Biblical Commission (1911), Commission for the Codification of Canon Law (9 March 1912), and to the liturgical section of the Sacred Congregation of Rites (26 March 1914). He was appointed Secretary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on 20 October 1908. As Secretary, Marini served as the second-highest official of the dicastery, under Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli. He was highly decorated as well, having been made Commander of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain), of the Order of the Crown of Prussia, and of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, and an Officer of the Légion d'honneur.

Pope Benedict XV created him Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica in the consistory of 4 December 1916. Marini, who never became a bishop, was named to the Commission of Historical Studies on 4 January 1917. He was made Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches on 29 November 1917, essentially serving as head of that congregation as the Pope was the nominal Prefect at that time. Cardinal Marini resigned his post because of his advanced age and poor health in 1922. During that same year, he participated in the papal conclave that selected Pope Pius XI, although he was suffering from acute influenza; The Times of London erroneously reported Marini's death.

Marini recovered from his illness.  One of his last appointments was as Protector and Visitor of all the Oriental Institutes of Rome on 28 July 1922.

Cardinal Marini died in Rome. He is buried in the Campo Verano cemetery.

References

External links
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-Hierarchy

1843 births
1923 deaths
20th-century Italian cardinals
Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
Almo Collegio Capranica alumni
Pontifical Biblical Commission


Events from the year 1711 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Monarch: Anne

Events
 Conclusion of Islandmagee witch trial: Eight women from Islandmagee are convicted in the last known witch trial in Ireland.
 December 15 – Penal Laws (Ireland): the Occasional Conformity Act ("An Act for preserving the Protestant Religion"), passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, bars Roman Catholics from public office.

Births

Deaths

References

Years of the 18th century in Ireland
Ireland
1710s in Ireland