St Philip's Church is in the village of Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Knutsford.  The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as "large, ambitious, and unmistakably prosperous-looking".

History

St Philip's was designed by the Manchester architect J. S. Crowther, and was his first independent work.  It originated in 1851–52 when the nave, the south aisle and the chancel were built.  In 1856–57 the north aisle, a further bay on the west of the church, and a steeple to the south of the church, were added.  A vestry was added in 1903 to a design by F. P. Oakley.

Architecture

Exterior
The church is built in hammer-dressed sandstone rubble with ashlar dressings.  The slate roof is in bands of three colours.  Its architectural style is Decorated.  The plan of the church consists of a six-bay nave with north and south aisles, each under its own ridge, a three-bay chancel, a hexagonal vestry, and a southwest tower with a spire.  The tower is in four stages with angle buttresses and the spire has three levels of lucarnes.

Interior
In the north wall of the chancel is a sedilia, and in the south wall is a piscina.  The carved reredos of 1903 depicts the Last Supper.  The choir stalls, pulpit and organ screen, all dated 1907, are panelled.  These were designed by Percy Worthington.  In the south aisle is a stained glass window made by Morris & Co. dating from 1873.  These include figures designed by Edward Burne-Jones and Ford Madox Brown.  Elsewhere are windows dating from 1933 to 1935 by Powells.  The three-manual organ was built by Wadsworth of Manchester and was rebuilt in 1962 by Jardine and Company, also of Manchester.

See also

List of works by J. S. Crowther
Listed buildings in Alderley Edge
Alderley Edge Methodist Church

References

External links

Photograph from Carl's Cam

Alderley Edge, St Philip's Church
Alderley Edge, St Philip's Church
Gothic Revival church buildings in England
Alderley Edge, St Philip's Church
Churches completed in 1853
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Churches completed in 1903
Alderley Edge, St Philip's Church


This is a list of compositions by British composer Howard Skempton. As of February 2008 there exists no complete catalogue of Skempton's work; for this reason the list may be incomplete. Compositions are arranged chronologically by year of composition, but within each year they are not necessarily listed in the order they were composed.

List of works by genre

Orchestral works
 May Pole (open score) (1971)
 Chorales (1980)
 Chorales 2 (1987)
 Lento (1990)
 The Light Fantastic, for chamber orchestra (1991)
 Concerto for Hurdy-Gurdy and Percussion (1994)
 Ballade, for saxophone quartet and string orchestra (1997)
 Concerto for Oboe, Accordion and Strings (1997)
 Concertante, for solo violin and strings (1998)
 Prelude (1999)
 Sarabande (2002)
 Only the Sound Remains for viola and chamber ensemble (2010)
 Piano Concerto

Chamber music
 African Melody, for cello (1969)
 North Wind, for soprano saxophone (1970)
 Prelude, for horn (1971)
 Bends, for cello (1973)
 Surface Tension, for flute, cello and piano (1975)
 Surface Tension 2, for flute, cello and piano (1975)
 Prelude, for flute and string trio (1975)
 Impromptu, for 2 baritone horns (1976)
 Autumn Waltz, for 2 baritone horns (1976)
 Hornplay, for 2 baritone homs (1976)
 Children's Dance, for accordion and piano (1977)
 Tuba da caccia, for tuba (1978)
 Intermezzo, for viola and horn (1978)
 Melody for a First Christmas, for flute (1979)
 Melody, for horn (1979)
 Scherzo, for 2 horns (1979)
 Trio, for 3 horns (1979)
 Breather, for cello (1981)
 Prelude, for violin (1982)
 Call, for clarinet (1983)
 Wedding Tune, for violin and autoharp (1983)
 Lullaby, for clarinet and cello (1983)
 A Card for Lucy, for clarinet (1984)
 May Air, for bassoon (1984)
 Fanfare and Caprice, for guitar (1984)
 Lyric, for cello and piano (1984)
 Bagatelle, for flute (1985)
 Alone and Together, for clarinet, bassoon and piano
 Song without Words, for horn and accordion (1985)
 Pineapple Melody, for horn, accordion and double bass (1985)
 Two Interludes, for accordion and vibraphone (1986)
 Finding Home, for clarinet, cello, glockenspiel and piano (1986)
 Two Preludes, for string orchestra (1986)
 Suite for Strings, for string orchestra or string quintet (1986)
 Solo and duet, for violin and piano (1987)
 Aria, for string quartet (1987)
 Lament and Farewell, for oboe, cello and piano (1988)
 Prelude 2, for violin (1989)
 Axis 90, for flute and piano (1990)
 Half Moon, for flute and accordion (1990)
 The Beauty of the Morning, for peking, aaron and gendèr (gamelan) (1990)
 Moto perpetuo, for viola (1993)
 Three Pieces, for oboe (1993)
 Gemini Dances, for flute, clarinet, violin, cello, percussion, and piano (1994)
 Nature's Fire, for organ (1994)
 Chamber Concerto, for chamber orchestra (1995)
 Spadesbourne Suite, for violin, viola, cello, double bass, and piano (1995)
 Lullaby, for clarinet and cello (1995)
 Winter Sunrise, for string trio (1996)
 Clarinet Quintet, for clarinet and string quartet (1997)
 Six Figures, for cello (1998)
 Five Preludes, for guitar (1999)
 Delicate, ballet for 2 cellos and percussion (1996)
 Suite from Delicate, for 2 cellos and percussion (1999)
 Five Nocturnes, for solo guitar, 2 clarinets, viola, cello, double bass (2000)
 Par la bande, for lute (2000)
 Garland, for oboe and string trio (2000)
 Rest and Recreation, for 2 euphoniums and 2 tubas (2000)
 Reminiscence, for guitar (2001)
 Catch, for string quartet (2001)
 Horizons, for oboe and harp (2001)
 Beguine, for guitar (2002)
 Off Limits, for tenor saxophone (2002)
 Three Pieces for Guitar, for guitar (2003)
 Eternity's Sunrise, for flute, clarinet in A, harp and string quartet (2003)
 Gleams and Fragments, for oboe, clarinet, viola and harp (2003)
 Random Girl, for oboe and vibraphone (2003)
 Tendrils, for string quartet (2004)
 Ben Somewhen, for flute, clarinet, harp, violin, viola, 2 cellos and double bass (2005)
 In Tandem, for piano and vibraphone (2010)

Works for percussion
 Drum No. 1 (open score) (1969)
 Equal Measures, for 2 drums (1974)
 Drum Canon, for 2 drums (1974)
 Two Drum Trios (1975)
 Duet, for piano and woodblocks (1976)
 Drum Canon 2, for 2 drums (1976)
 Acacia, for 2 drums (1976)
 Break, for 2 drums (1980)
 Fabric, for 2 drums (1980)
 Preamble, for 2 drums (1980)
 Agreement, for 2 drums (1985)
 Shiftwork, for percussion quartet (1994)
 Slip-stream, for glockenspiel, vibraphone, and 3 suspended cymbals (2002)

Works for piano solo
 A Humming Song (1967)
 Snowpiece (1968)
 September Song (1968)
 Piano Piece 1969 (1969)
 Waltz (1970)
 Two Highland Dances (1970)
 First Prelude (1971)
 One for Molly (1972)
 Quavers (1972)
 Simple Piano Piece (1972)
 Intermezzo (1973)
 Sweet Chariot (1973)
 Riding the Thermals (1973)
 Eirenicon (1973)
 Rumba (1973)
 Slow Waltz (1973), three hands
 One for Martha (1974)
 Quavers 2 (1974)
 senza licenza (1974)
 Invention (1974)
 Tender Melody (1974)
 Second Gentle Melody (1975)
 Colonnade (1975)
 Quavers 3 (1975)
 passing fancy (1975)
 Chorale (1976)
 Surface Tension 3 (1976)
 June '77 (1977)
 Eirenicon 2 (1977)
 Saltaire Melody (1977)
 Eirenicon 3 (1978)
 Postlude (1978)
 Memento (1978)
 Friday's Child (1979)
 Air (1979)
 Trace (1980), right hand
 Campanella (1981)
 Outline (1981), three hands
 Campanella 2 (1982)
 Well, Well, Cornelius (1982)
 Seascape (1982)
 Campanella 3 (1982)
 Beginner (1983)
 Quavers 5 (1984)
 The Durham Strike (1985)
 Piano Piece for Trevor Clarke (1985)
 Campanella 4 (1985)
 Eirenicon 4 (1985)
 The Mold Riots (1986)
 Resolution (1986)
 Toccata (1987)
 Pendulum 2 (1988)
 Study (1988)
 Even Tenor (1988)
 una barcarola eccentrica (1989)
 Images (1989), 20 pieces
 No Great Shakes (1989), piano duet
 after-image (1990)
 after-image 2 (1990)
 after-image 3 (1990)
 Maestoso (1990)
 A Perugia (1991)
 A Roma (1992)
 Of Late (1992)
 Swedish Caprice (1993)
 Ring in the Valiant (1993)
 Plain Sailing (1993), piano duet
 3 Nocturnes (1995)
 Cantilena (1995)
 Album Leaf (1995)
 Horham (1994)
 Lyric Study (1995)
 Familiar (1995)
 Decision Time (1995)
 Guitar Caprice (1984/95)
 Starlight (1996)
 Memorial Prelude (1996)
 Zwischenspiel (1996)
 Monogram (1997)
 Penumbra (1997)
 Bolt from the Blue (1997)
 Gestalt (1997)
 Leamington Spa (1997)
 Arpeggio (1997)
 Octaves (1998)
 Goldsmiths (1997)
 Ecossaise (1998)
 Two Pinter Poems (1998)
 Rameau Variation (1999)
 Scorrevole (1999)
 Reflections 1-11 (1999–2002)
 Eighteen Golden Bars for Julian (2000)
 Shadows (2000)
 Liebeslied (2001)
 Resister (2002)
 Acacia (2003)
 Stroking the keys (2003)
 Lull (2003)
 Potter's Bar (2003)
 The Flicker of your Smile (2004)
 For Catherine (2004)
 Sphinx (2004)
 Little Barcarolle (2004)
 Mickey Finn (2005)
 A Beached Whale of a Time (2007)
 Notti stellate a Vagli (2008)
 Lullaby for Emilian (2009)
 Force to be reckoned with (2010)
 Gralsstimmung (2010)
 Aside (2013)
 Homage to Hanns Eisler (2014)
 Oculus (2014)
 Spring Song (2015; toy piano)
 Solitary Highland Song (2017)
 24 Preludes and Fugues (2019)

Works for accordion solo
 Gentle Melody (1974)
 Deeply Shaded (1975)
 Summer Waltz (1975)
 Ada's Dance (1975)
 One for the Road (1976)
 Merry-go-round (1978)
 Pendulum (1978)
 Summer Sketches (1978)
 Suite (1982)
 Breathing Space (1983)
 Twin Set and Pearls (1984)
 Cakes and Ale (1984)
 Second Suite (1985)
 Third Suite (1985)
 Small Change (1985)
 Home and Abroad (1985)
 Something of an Occasion (1986)
 Axis (1986)
 Axis 2 (1986)
 Crane's Waltz (1991)
 Parsons' Waltz (1991)
 Adjö
 Hornpipe
 Hurdy–Gurdy
 Romance

Vocal works

Choral works
 Song at the Year's Turning, for four-part mixed chorus (1980)
 From Waterloo Bridge, for mixed chorus and 2 pianos (1986)
 Five Poems of Mary Webb, for three-part SSA female chorus (1989)
 Rose-berries, for three-part female chorus (1990)
 Roundels of the Year, for SATB chorus with divisions (1992)
 To Bethlem did they go, for SATB chorus (1995)
 We who with songs, for SATB chorus and organ (1995)
 Two Poems of Edward Thomas, for SATB chorus (1996)
 Two Pewits
 Sowing
 The Flight of Song, for SATB mixed ability voices (1996)
 He wishes for the cloths of Heaven, for SATB chorus (1999)
 The Voice of the Spirits, for SATB chorus (1999)
 Murallennium ('Spring all the Graces'), for SATB chorus and symphonic wind band (2000)
 The Song of Songs, for TTBB chorus (2000)
 The Bridge of Fire, for SATB chorus (2001)
 Four by the Clock, for SATB chorus (2001)
 Ostende nobis, Domine, for SATB chorus (2001)
 Rise up, my love, for SATB chorus (2002)
 Magnificat & Nunc Dimitis - The Edinburgh Service, for upper voices and organ (2003)
 Music, for SATB chorus (2003)
 That Music Always Round Me for SATB chorus and orchestra (2003)
 Four New Poems, for SA chorus and chamber ensemble or piano (2004)
 It was a star, for SATB chorus (2004)
 Into this world, this day did come, for SSA chorus (2006)
 The Wells Service, for SATB, unaccompanied (2011)

Solo voices
 Not-very-long Song, for voice and accordion (1972)
 Heart Sounds, for 2 voices (1974)
 Embers 2, for 2 voices (1974)
 Alice is One, for voice and piano (1982)
 Tree Sequence, for voice, piano and woodblocks (1976, 1981–1982):
 From the Palm Trees
 Willow
 Laburnum
 Mountain Ash
 Duet (see the 1976 Duet for piano and woodblocks)
 Second Tree Sequence, for voice and piano (1983):
 Tree, leafless
 Under the Elder
 Aspen Trees
 Pigs could Fly, for voice and piano (1983)
 The Gipsy Wife's Song, for mezzo-soprano soloist, flute, oboe, vibraphone and piano (1983)
 Two Voices, for male voices (1986)
 Close the coalhouse door, for voice? (1986)
 Ever Greener, for voice (1986)
 Three Poems of D. H. Lawrence, for soprano soloist and clarinet (1989)
 How Slow the Wind, for soprano soloist, 2 clarinets, viola, cello and bass (1989)
 The Maldive Shark, for baritone soloist and piano (1990)
 Colomen, for soprano soloist, clarinet and piano (1990)
 The Witches' Wood, for soprano soloist, flute, clarinet, violin, cello and piano (1990)
 Into my heart an air that kills, for soprano soloist, string quartet and piano (1996)
 Hot Noon in Malabar, for soprano soloist and piano trio (1997)
 Lamentations, for bass soloist and theorbo (2001)
 Emerson Songs, soprano soloist and baritone soloist (2003)
 And There was War in Heaven, for five solo voices ATTBB (2006)
 The Moon is Flashing, for tenor soloist and orchestra (2007)
 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, for horn, piano, 5 strings and baritone soloist (2015)

Tape music
 Indian Summer (1969)
 Drum No. 3 (1971)

Works with unspecified instrumentation
 Lament (open score) (1972)
 Air Melody (open score) (1978)
 Highland Melody (open score) (1982)
 Recessional (open score) (1983)
 Christmas Melody (open score) (1983)

References
 Catalogue of works by Howard Skempton at the Oxford University Press website
 Parsons, Michael. 1987. "Howard Skempton: Chorales, Landscapes and Melodies". Contact, issue 30:16–29. Includes a selective worklist up to 1986.
 Potter, Keith. 1991. "Howard Skempton: Some Clues for a Post-Experimental 'Movement'". The Musical Times 132, no 1777 (March): 126–130. Includes a selective worklist from 1987 to 1990.

Skempton, Howard


National Cycle Route 77 runs from Dundee to Pitlochry via Perth.  It is often known as The Salmon Run cycle route.

Route

Dundee to Perth

From Dundee, the route passes through Invergowrie before running alongside the A90 until Longforgan. It then uses minor roads to Errol, before following the C484 to St Madoes.

Here, the route crosses the A90 into Glencarse then up the challenging Kinnoull Hill. The route reaches the eastern edge of Perth towards the foot of the hill, with the town centre reached via Smeaton's Bridge.

Perth to Dunkeld
This section passes through the villages of Almondbank and Bankfoot, and enters Dunkeld through Birnam.

Dunkeld to Pitlochry

On this section of the route, the River Tay is followed more closely, and is crossed a couple of times. At Pitlochry the route meets NCR 7.

Transport in Dundee


Ferroexpreso Pampeano S.A. (abbreviated FEPSA) is an Argentine private railway company that operates freight services over a   network that comprises broad gauge Sarmiento Railway and the Rosario and Puerto Belgrano section of Roca Railway.

FEPSA is currently owned by Sociedad Comercial del Plata (SCP), and Techint, two of the largest companies in Argentina. FEPSA's operating fleet includes 52 diesel locomotives and 2,106 wagons.

History
After the entire Argentine rail network was privatised in the early 1990s, the Government of Argentina granted a concession to the company to operate freight services within provinces of Buenos Aires and La Pampa but with branches extending into neighbouring Córdoba, San Luis and Santa Fe provinces. The former Rosario and Puerto Belgrano Railway section is the most heavily used branch. Ferroexpreso Pampeano started operations in November 1991.

In 2014, Ferroexpreso Pampeano carried 350,000 tonnes of foodstuffs and 3,500,009 tonnes of freight in total.

Gallery

See also
Rail transport in Argentina
Domingo Sarmiento Railway
Railway privatisation in Argentina

References

External links

Railway companies of Argentina
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Argentina
Railway companies established in 1991
1991 establishments in Argentina
Techint
Rail transport in Buenos Aires Province
Transport in La Pampa Province


National Cycle Network (NCN) Route 76 is a Sustrans National Route that runs from Berwick-upon-Tweed to Kirkcaldy. The route is  in length and is fully open and signed in both directions. Between Dunbar and Kirkcaldy the route is known as the Round the Forth.

Route

Berwick-upon-Tweed to Dunbar
The southern trailhead is at a junction with NCN Route 1 on the outskirts of Berwick-upon-Tweed. After  the route crosses the English-Scottish border and climbs Ayton Hill before descending through Ayton before meeting the coast at Eyemouth. From here the route climbs to its highpoint before descending to Cockburnspath where it passes under the A1. From Bilsdean the route uses a cycle path adjacent to the A1. At Torness Nuclear Power Station the route becomes traffic free to the outskirts of Dunbar before rejoining the roads through the town.

Dunbar to Musselburgh
From Dunbar Route 76 is known as the Round the Forth Cycle Route for the rest of its length to Kirkaldy. From here to Haddington the route is predominantly on quite roads via East Linton and the ruins of Hailes Castle. The route is traffic free along the  Haddington to Longniddry railway path after which it uses a mixture of roads and paths along the shore of the Firth of Forth to reach Musselburgh and a junction with Route 1.

Edinburgh
There is a gap in Route 76 between Musselburgh and Cramond Bridge. Route 1 is used as the east to west link through Edinburgh.

Cramond Bridge to Stirling
Leaving Route 1 at Cramond Bridge, 76 is traffic free when returns to the banks of the Forth via the parklands of Dalmeny Estate, before passing under the Forth Bridges at South Queensferry where it returns the roads. Continuing to trace the south bank of the Forth the route becomes traffic free again as it passes through the deer park at Abercorn. It climbs away from the bank of the firth on the roads through Bo'ness to follow the line of the Antonine Wall before descending into Grangemouth.

The section between Cramond Bridge and Bo'ness is part of The John Muir Way.

On leaving Grangemouth the route crosses the Forth and Clyde Canal adjacent to The Helix and its Kelpies. It passes through open countryside as far as the city of Stirling.

Stirling to Inverkeithing
This section of the route follows the northern bank of the Firth of Forth. Tullibody Old Bridge and Cambus Iron Bridge, each a Category A listed building and scheduled monument, are on the route. After Alloa 76 passes Clackmannan, Kincardine and passes close to the site of the closed Longannet power station. A combination of river bank paths and roads takes the route east. At the north end of the Forth Bridges NCN 76 passes under the M90 and joins NCN Route 1 to pass through Inverkeithing.

Inverkeithing to Kirkcaldy
Route 76 leaves Route 1 in Inverkiething to follow the north bank of the Forth to Aberdour, Burntisland and Kinghorn. It then climbs inland before turning back towards the coast for a descent into Kirkcaldy. This section was originally part of National Cycle Network route 1 and was signed accordingly.

There are long term plans to extend the route to St Andrews.

References

External links

  Route 76 on the Sustrans website.
 Route 76 on OpenStreetMap.

Transport in Edinburgh
National Cycle Routes


The Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop, also known as The Doodle, was a diner in New Haven, Connecticut that catered to the Yale University community for 58 years before closing on January 28, 2008. The narrow restaurant, with only 12 stools arranged opposite a counter that ran the length of shop, was a favorite among students, faculty, and employees of the university. Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Henry Winkler are said to have been regulars during their times at Yale. The Doodle was known for its cheap but excellent food, especially the fried donut—an old fashioned donut cut down the middle, buttered, fried on the grill, and then re-buttered before serving. Other unique items popular with students included; the Bacon Egg and Cheese "No Break," The Doodle Dandy, and a variety of grilled muffins.

History
Lew  Beckwith Sr. opened the Doodle on the corner of Elm and York Streets on April 15, 1950, selling hamburgers for 20¢ each, cheeseburgers for 25¢, and "pigs in a blanket" (hot dogs stuffed with American cheese and wrapped in bacon) for 30¢. Breakfast of two eggs, toast, juice, and coffee cost just 50¢. As the shop had no space for a deep fryer, French fries were not on the menu. The restaurant was named after the tune Lew's father had sung to him as a boy.

Other than the prices, the menu and the diner itself changed little in the intervening years. It closed with its original cash register still in use (which only could ring-up up to $2.00), and there was still a cigarette machine in the corner. It hadn't actually been stocked in years, but it was installed on November 22, 1963, the day of the Kennedy assassination, so the Doodle kept it.

Ownership of the Doodle passed from Lew Beckwith to his son, Lew Beckwith Jr., and finally to grandson Rick Beckwith in 2000.

Closing of the restaurant
In 2008, citing economic considerations, Beckwith decided to close the Doodle. The New York Times quoted alumnus Jonathan Zittrain, a professor at Oxford University, as saying, "It’s one of the few dynastic successions that I had hoped would never end". Vice president of the University, Bruce Alexander, said, "If they had been in one of [Yale's] properties, we would have made every effort to keep the business going so future generations of Yale students could enjoy the same pigs in blankets we did".

Soon after the news got out, alumni and students began a movement to reopen the business. A group of alumni began soliciting donations online through Facebook groups, and owner Rick Beckwith solicited donations via a website, which offered various Doodle-branded merchandise for sale.

Controversy over donated money and merchandise orders
The restaurant has remained closed since January 2008, but the Doodle website has continued advertising Doodle-related merchandise for sale and soliciting donations.

In August 2008, articles appeared in the Yale Daily News and the New Haven Register, reporting that Yale alumni and members of the community who had ordered Doodle merchandise via Rick Beckwith's web site were unhappy that the merchandise they paid for was not delivered.

Doodle Challenge
The Doodle Challenge was an eating contest to see how many burgers could be eaten in 2.5 hours. The Challenge was not a scheduled event; rather, a person might walk into the Doodle at any time and attempt the Challenge. If a new record was set, the burgers were free, and the eater's name was added to a plaque above the door. The Challenge started in 1989 when Ed Anderson, a Yale University undergraduate, ate 10 burgers. The last Yale student to hold the record was John Bockstoce with 26 burgers.  As of July 2006, the title was held by Tim "Eater X" Janus, an internationally ranked competitive eater, who ate 34 burgers on May 25, 2006.

References

External links
 Yankee Doodle’s Done,  Melissa Bailey, New Haven Independent, January 29, 2008.
 After 57 years, the Doodle closes, Bharat Ayyar, Yale Daily News, January 30, 2008.
 Screw Darfur-Save the Doodle, Alexis Fitts, New Haven Advocate, Feb 7, 2008.
 Youtube video: Fife and drum corp playing Yankee Doodle Dandy in front of the Doodle.
 In New Haven, A Dandy Rescue,  ADRIAN BRUNE, Hartford Courant, March 19, 2008.
 EatFeats.com: Doodle Challenge

Restaurants in Connecticut
Competitive eating
1950 establishments in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in New Haven, Connecticut
Economy of New Haven, Connecticut
Restaurants established in 1950


Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR) is a human gene that codes for the transmembrane receptor FcαRI, also known as CD89 (Cluster of Differentiation 89). FcαRI binds the heavy-chain constant region of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. FcαRI is present on the cell surface of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, though it is notably absent from intestinal macrophages and does not appear on mast cells. FcαRI plays a role in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses depending on the state of IgA bound. Inside-out signaling primes FcαRI in order for it to bind its ligand, while outside-in signaling caused by ligand binding depends on FcαRI association with the Fc receptor gamma chain (FcR γ-chain).

Though FcαRI is part of the Fc receptor immunoglobulin superfamily, the protein's primary structure is similar to receptors in the leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC), and the FCAR gene appears amidst LRC genes on chromosome 19. This contrasts with the location of other members of the Fc receptor immunoglobulin superfamily, which are encoded on chromosome 1. Additionally, though there are equivalents to FCAR in several species, there is no such homolog in mice.

Structure
The FcαRI α-chain consists of two extracellular domains, EC1 and EC2, at a right angle to each other, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain. However, this chain alone cannot perform signaling in response to IgA binding, and FcαRI must associate with a dimeric form of FcR g-chain, the ends of which contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The FcR γ-chain is responsible for relaying the signal to the inside of the cell.

Two FCAR alleles differing by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) code for two FcαRI molecules that differ in their ability to signal for IL-6 and TNF-α production and release. The SNP results in either serine or glycine as the 248th residue of the amino acid sequence, a position in the intracellular domain of FcαRI. Compared to FcαRI with Ser248, FcαRI molecules with Gly248 are better able to signal for the release of IL-6, even independently from FcR γ-chain association.

Alternative splicing of the transcript from this gene produces ten mRNA variants encoding different isoforms.

Inside-Out Signaling
FcαRI must first be primed by a process called inside-out signaling in order to bind with increased ability to IgA. Priming occurs when cytokines signaling the presence of an infection bind their receptors on FcαRI-expressing cells, activating the kinase PI3K. PI3K then activates p38 and PKC, which together with PP2A lead to the dephosphorylation of the Serine 263 residue (Ser263) on the intracellular domain of the FcαRI α-chain. The priming of FcαRI to be able to bind IgA does not depend on FcαRI association with the FcR γ-chain, but does depend on cytoskeleton organization.

Once primed, FcαRI can bind IgA. The FcαRI EC1 domain binds the hinge between the IgA-Fc regions Ca2 and Ca3 regions.

Function

Signaling and the resulting cellular response caused by FcαRI binding IgA varies depending on the state of the IgA molecules. A pro-inflammatory response is signaled when IgA molecules in an immune complex bind to multiple FcαRI, resulting in the activation of Src family kinases and the phosphorylation of the FcR γ-chain ITAMs by Lyn. Syk, a tyrosine kinase, subsequently docks at the phosphorylated ITAMs and initiates PI3K and PLC-γ signaling. The ensuing signaling cascades lead to pro-inflammatory responses such as release of cytokines, phagocytosis, respiratory bursts, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, production of reactive oxygen species, and antigen presentation.

Despite signaling via ITAMs, which typically initiate activation cascades, FcαRI may either act as an activating or inhibitory receptor. Inhibitory ITAM signaling (ITAMi) results in anti-inflammatory responses. When FcαRI monovalently binds monomeric, non-antigen bound IgA, the form most common in serum, the resulting signals result in inactivation of other activating receptors such as FcγR and FcεRI. The binding of the monomeric serum IgA causes Lyn to only partly phosphorylate the FcR γ-chain ITAMs. Consequently, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is recruited by Syk to the FcR γ-chain. A tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1 coordinates the anti-inflammatory response, preventing other receptors from signaling for pro-inflammatory responses by not allowing these receptors to become phosphorylated. This ITAMi signaling supports homeostasis in the absence of pathogens.

The anti-inflammatory role of monomeric IgA-FcαRI binding may have implications for treatment of allergic asthma, as shown by targeting FcαRI in transgenic mice models with anti-FcαRI Fab antibodies, which mimic the binding of monomeric IgA. This FcαRI targeting led to decreased infiltration of airway tissue by inflammatory leukocytes.

The secreted form of IgA (sIgA), a homodimer secreted across epithelial linings such as the gut epithelium, is sterically hindered in its binding to FcαRI. This is because some of sIgA's FcαRI binding site is obscured by a section of the cleaved polymeric Ig receptor that aided sIgA's secretion into the gut lumen. However, the precursor to sIgA, dimeric IgA (dIgA), binds to FcαRI with approximately the same affinity as monomeric IgA. Secreted IgA plays an important role in preventing immune response to commensal gut microbes, and accordingly intestinal macrophages do not express FcαRI. However, during invasion of mucosal tissue by pathogenic bacteria, neutrophils responding to the infection will bind and phagocytose dIgA-opsonized bacteria via FcαRI.

FcαRI is also an important Fc receptor for neutrophil killing of tumor cells. When FcαRI-expressing neutrophils come into contact with IgA-opsonized tumor cells, the neutrophils not only perform antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but also release the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β which cause increased neutrophil migration to the site.

Interactions

FCAR has been shown to interact with FCGR1A.

See also
 Cluster of differentiation

References

Further reading

External links

Clusters of differentiation
Fc receptors


A family liaison officer (FLO; often pronounced as a word) in the United Kingdom is a police officer, either uniformed or Criminal Investigation Department (CID), trained to provide liaison between the police and families who have been victims of crime. Every territorial police force has a pool of trained FLOs. The FLO is assigned to the family by the senior investigating officer (SIO). FLOs are usually assigned in any situation where a point of contact between the family and the police is deemed essential, such as a murder investigation or a case of a missing child. British police forces have 1999 also assigned FLOs to assist families who have lost relatives in terrorist attacks or major disasters.

The FLO is key to gathering data that will assist in the identification and/or repatriation of relatives. They also keep the family updated on the progress of the investigation. FLOs need excellent communication skills, as they are often the person who reports investigative advances in the case. Sometimes, the FLO will give a statement to the media if the family do not wish to.

The key drivers for police family liaison in the United Kingdom have come from the public inquiries into the death of Stephen Lawrence (report published in February 1999) and the Marchioness disaster on the River Thames (report published in 2001).

Non-police FLOs

Some private, fee-paying schools have FLOs, although the position differs from the one in the police. The British Armed Forces also have Royal Military Police-trained FLOs for families of deceased personnel. In the United States Family Liaison Officers are utilized by the National Park Service to support ongoing rescues, recoveries and investigations.

Training

Students applying to be a trained FLO will continue day-to-day police work in their parent department and will only be brought in as a FLO and taken off normal duties when the need arises. Students initially undertake a five-day training module. Course content includes talks from surviving victims or their families, team building exercises, and studying of computer presentations. Upon completion of the first module, FLOs train further in three subjects, which may include major crime and road death. The course is made up of a total of seven days' training, divided into two modules held on consecutive weeks.

Further reading
In 2011 Blackstones Practical Policing series released the first book about Police Family Liaison. Police Family Liaison- Duncan McGarry MBE and Kevin Smith

References

 Waldren, Michael J. (2007). Armed Police, The Police Use of Firearms since 1945. England: Sutton, 224. .

External links

Police positions in the United Kingdom


Edwin Clarence Riegel (June 18, 1879 – 1953), generally known as E.C. Riegel, was an American author, consumer advocate and independent scholar who campaigned against restrictions on free markets that harmed consumers and promoted an alternative monetary theory and an early private enterprise currency alternative.

Best selling libertarian author Harry Browne, in the introduction to his 1974 book You Can Profit from a Monetary Crisis described Riegel's book The New Approach to Freedom as “The best explanation of the free market I've seen." Author David Boyle, devotes a chapter of his book The Money Changers: Currency Reform from Aristotle to e-cash to E.C. Riegel. Riegel is referenced on alternative currency, commercial barter and investment strategy sites.

Life and work
Riegel was born in Cannelton, Indiana and left home in 1894 at age 15 with a vision of social justice for the common person. Self-educated, without academic degrees or distinctions, when speaking for groups he labeled himself a "non-academic student of money and credit." He supported himself working intermittently in sales at upscale department stores. He was married in 1905 to Blanche Ellis Beach; the marriage lasted seven years.

Riegel associated and corresponded with libertarians, individualist anarchists, mutualists and diverse progressives such as Laurance Labadie, anarcho-capitalist Spencer Heath and libertarian and free thinker Charles T. Sprading.

Riegel established the Consumer Guild of America in 1928 to campaign against restrictive consumer credit practices. After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and during the Great Depression he published articles and books exposing big business, trade associations, the Better Business Bureau and “blue sky law” manipulation of investment markets which impoverished small investors.

He began to question whether it was the government-controlled monetary system which was the problem. He prepared questions about the nature of money and sent them to a list of eighteen “world authorities” on the meaning of money he had solicited from famed economist Irving Fisher. Six replied, but shared no consensus on the subject, as he illustrated in his 1936 book Irving Fisher's World Authorities on The Meaning of Money.

Over the next few years in consultation with friends and students, Riegel constructed his own theory of money. In the 1940s he established The Valun Institute for Monetary Research to promote his monetary theories. In 1944 Harbinger press published his most successful book Private Enterprise Money.

After Riegel's death, Spencer H. MacCallum, who had met Riegel through his grandfather Spencer Heath, obtained all Riegel's papers, which now reside with the Heather Foundation, of which MacCallum was director. In 1976 the Heather Foundation edited and published Riegel's book, The New Approach to Freedom (formerly published as a pamphlet) and in 1978 his Flight from Inflation: The Monetary Alternative, augmenting both with material from his unpublished papers.

Riegel's monetary theories
Riegel's monetary theory differentiated between the "objective view of money" as an "entity having some kind of an independent existence," especially fiat money issued by government. He contrasted this with the "subjective" idea of money, that "money can spring only from trade—that trade creates money, and not vice versa." This is a similar concept to credit money.

Spencer MacCallum writes that E.C. Riegel thought "that a simple and dependable means of exchange would do more to enhance the dignity and well being of the common man than any political reform." He notes that: "Riegel conceived of money as simply number accountancy among private traders. ... Riegel came down on the side of a rigorously free-market fiat system; for a mature exchange system as he conceived it would depend on no intrinsic value at all, nor would it require or tolerate any government participation. In that sense, the fully evolved exchange system would be a natural system operating entirely as a spontaneous, free-market process with no political mandates imposed."

In the "Money Freedom Declaration” issued by Riegel and supporters of the ideas expressed in Private Enterprise Money, Riegel described "The Valun Private Enterprise Money System":

 By private initiative and without intervention of government or banks, private enterprisers (employers, employees and self-employers) in any state will organize a Valun Exchange to operate a money system of, for and by the people. Such Valun Exchange will unite with every other Valun Exchange in any other state or nation making a universal money system with a single money unit, called the valun (pronounced vallen).

 The money will spring from the mutual credit of all of the members of the Valun Exchanges in this way: It will be agreed that each member will have a credit on the Valun Exchange based upon prospective income, against which he or she can draw checks in payment of purchases from other members - in other words, will have the over-draft privilege.

 When currency bills or coins are desired the members may draw the desired cash. No notes are to be signed and no interest is to be paid. The Valun Exchange will be a nonprofit, non-stock organization. No capital will be invested and the membership fee will be nominal. The Exchange will pay its expenses out of a small charge for each check cleared. All members of Valun Exchanges will use valuns when trading with each other and will continue to use dollars when trading with non-members.

 As the valun system demonstrates its superiority, more persons and corporations will join it and thus more and more trading will be done with valuns and less with dollars, pounds, francs and the scores of other political money units. By this evolutionary process a universal money system will be established under the control of the people. Banks will not participate and governments will be empowered only to receive valuns and pay them out but not to create them.

 The valun private enterprise money system is designed to break the present money control against the people and (a) raise wages and, salaries to the highest possible level, (b) maintain constant employment, (c) maintain a steady price level and prevent inflation and deflation, (d) abolish bureaucracy and centralization of government, (e) defeat fascism and communism, (f) assure real freedom, prosperity and democracy, (g) preserve peace.

Riegel's “Money Freedom Declaration” and Private Enterprise Money were endorsed by several progressive thinkers of the time including James Peter Warbasse, an early leader of the cooperative movement in America; libertarian author Charles Sprading; civil liberties attorney Thorwald Siegfried; and Wing Anderson, author of War's End about the banking system and war.

Endorser Lawrence Labadie wrote that the book "brings out a fact that has not been seen clearly before, namely, that totalitarianism and war would be practically impossible unless the state had control of the money system." Economist John Lossing Buck, husband of Pearl Buck, stated that it explains "the meaning and function of money better than any other treatise on the subject that has come to my attention." Spencer Heath opined that it "is the best expose to date of how a political and coercive money system is bound to destroy free enterprise-to corrupt free citizens into subjects and slaves."

Bibliography
 The Yellow Book of the Macy controversy and the credit question, The Riegel Corporation of New York, 1927
 Barnum & Bunk: An Exposure of R.H. Macy & Company, The Riegel Corporation of New York, 1928
 Main Street Follies, The Riegel Corporation of New York, 1928
 The Three Laws of Vending, New York, Consumer Guild of America, Inc., 1928
 The Credit Question, New York, Consumer Publications Inc., 1929
 Roosevelt Revalued, New York, Consumers Guild of America, Inc., 1934
 The Valun Monographs, New York, Consumers Guild of America, Inc., 1935
 Irving Fisher's World Authorities on The Meaning of Money, New York, Consumer's Guild of America, Inc., 1936
 Planned prosperity: An outline of the guild system, New York, Consumers Guild of America, Inc.,1938
 The Fifth Column in America, New York, Consumers Guild of America, Inc., 1941
 Dollar Doomsday, New York: Inflation Counselors, 1941
 Private Enterprise Money: A non-political money system, New York: Harbinger House, 1944
 The New Approach to Freedom, New York: Valun Institute for Monetary Research, 1949; expanded new edition published by the Heather Foundation, San Pedro, CA,1976
 Flight from Inflation: The Monetary Alternative, Los Angeles, CA, The Heather Foundation, 1978

See also
 Alternative currency
 Credit money
 Digital cash
 Electronic money
 Flex dollar
 Free banking
 Local currency
 Local Exchange Trading Systems
 Money
 Private bank
 Private currency
 Time-based currency

References

1879 births
1953 deaths
American economics writers
American male non-fiction writers
Libertarian economists
Monetary economists
Monetary reformers
People from Cannelton, Indiana


Princess Josefa de Godoy di Bassano y Crowe, de Tudó y O'Donovan (October 8, 1834 – August 12, 1882), dei principi Godoy di Bassano, was a Spanish-Irish aristocrat. She was the 2nd Vizcondesa (Viscountess) de Rocafuerte (by rehabilitation of April 24, 1871) and 2??th Noble Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa.

Family and early life
Josefa was born in Paris, the second daughter and third child of Manuel de Godoy di Bassano, 2nd Prince Godoy di Bassano, and Dona María Carolina Crowe y O'Donovan O'Neill. Her father was the son of Manuel de Godoy and Josefa de Tudó, born illegitimately while his father was still married to María Teresa de Borbón. Her maternal grandparents were Lawrence Crowe, of St Stephen's Green House, and Lucinda O'Donovan O'Neill, both from Dublin, Ireland.

Marriages
Josefa married twice. Her first husband was don Juan de Lara y Irigoyen, ... y ... (Vigo, May 17, 1808 – Madrid, October 4, 1869), whom she married in Montserrat, Barcelona, on December 18, 1856. He was Lieutenant-General of the Army, Minister of War, Captain-General of Valencia and Castilla la Nueva, Life Senator of the Realm, Grand Crosses of the Order of Charles III and the Order of St. Hermenegild. The marriage was childless.

She married secondly don Hermogenes García de Samaniego y del Castillo, Díez de Tejada y Centeno, in Madrid on October 29, 1873. Her second husband was Colonel of General Staff, Commander of the Order of Charles III (brother of the 1st Marqués de la Granja de Samaniego with a Coat of Arms of de Samaniego in Spain, previously a title of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, don Manuel García de Samaniego y del Castillo, Díez de Tejada y Centeno, Colonel of the Army, Knight of the Order of Santiago). This second marriage too was childless.

She died in Valladolid.

References
 Affonso, Domingos de Araújo and Valdez, Rui Dique Travassos, Livro de Oiro da Nobreza (3 volumes), Volume 1, p. 491-98, Lisbon, 1938.
 Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles, various (periodical publication).

1834 births
1882 deaths
Josefa 02
19th-century Italian nobility
19th-century Spanish nobility


National Cycle Route 78 runs from Campbeltown to Inverness. It was officially launched as the Caledonia Way in 2016 as part of the wider redevelopment of Scotland's cycle network.
It runs from the Kintyre peninsula to the Great Glen and the route varies from on road to traffic-free forest trails and canal paths.

Route

Campbeltown to Oban

From Campbeltown, the route follows the sea front northwards, then turns north along George Street and turns right onto the B842 (High Street), which it follows north up the east coast of Kintyre, passing Carradale and Claonaig (where it meets the NCR73), before crossing the peninsula on the B8001, joining the A83 trunk road just south of Kennacraig.

The route follows the A83 to the head of West Loch Tarbert, where it turns left about 2 km before Tarbert onto a short unclassified road, before turning left onto the B8024, which it follows around the west coast of Kintyre, crossing again to the east coast to meet the A83 about 5 km south of Ardrishaig, where it leaves the A83.

North of Lochgilphead, the route is off-road, taking the towpath of the Crinan canal towards Crinan on the west coast, before tracing the West coast of Loch Awe until Kilchrenan. The route then follows the B845 to Taynuilt.

Taynuilt to Oban section runs on minor roads through Glen Lonan, passing Fearnoch.

Oban to Fort William
A large proportion of the route from Oban to Ballachulish follows the route of the Ballachulish branch of the Callander and Oban Railway, while the last section from Corran to Fort William uses two ferries to follow the east coast of Ardgour.

From Oban the route follows minor roads to South Connel, where it crosses Connel Bridge and follows Observer Corps Post Road past Oban Airport.  It then follows the old railway bed until just north of Benderloch, where it runs on a dedicated cycleway alongside the A828 to Barcaldine.  In Barcaldine it runs on minor roads through the back of the village, and emerges to run alongside the A828 again, before rising slightly to follow the old railway bed again, this time on the inland side of the main road.  At Creagan, it rejoins the A828 to cross a bridge, and then rejoins the railway bed shortly thereafter.

Across the Appin peninsula the main route continues to follow the old railway line, but an alternative route follows the coast of the peninsula on minor roads past the Lismore ferry at Port Appin.  After the routes rejoin, they follow the railway bed past Castle Stalker.  At the foot of Glen Sallachan, the route rejoins the A828 as far as Duror.  It follows minor roads and a dedicated path through Duror to Kentallen, from where it follows the old railway bed as far as the Ballachulish Bridge.  From here it is possible to reach Ballachulish and Glencoe Village.

The NCN78 itself crosses the bridge and follows alongside the A82 through Onich to Corran, where it cross the Corran Ferry to Ardgour.  Here it follows the A861 northwards along the west shore of Loch Linnhe as far as Camusnagaul, from where a passenger / cyclist ferry connects to Fort William.

Fort William to Inverness

Between Fort William and Inverness NCR 78 generally follows the Great Glen.

In Fort William the route runs along the seafront by the A82 until the start of the Great Glen Way, which it follows across the River Nevis as it enters the mouth of the River Lochy.  It follows Wades Road and Locheil Road through Inverlochy, and then runs alongside the Mallaig railway line and crosses a pedestrian bridge over the River Lochy beside the railway.  Turning left onto Kilmallie Road, it passes Lochyside and then turns to run along the head of Loch Linnhe to the sea lock of the Caledonian Canal.  From there it follows the canal towpath to Banavie, continues along the south-east side of the canal past Neptune's Staircase and onwards to Gairlochy.

At Gairlochy it crosses the canal and follows the B8005 along the north west shore of Loch Lochy through Bunarkaig to Clunes, where it leaves the B8005 onto a minor road, and then a track which follows close to the shore of Loch Lochy for 12 km. It skirts the head of the loch and crosses the canal, following the towpath for 2.5 km to North Laggan, where it cross the A82 and follows an old railway bed on the south east shore of Loch Oich for 7 km.  It then crosses the A82 again, and follows the canal towpath for 8 km to Fort Augustus.

The route leaves Fort Augustus on Glendoe Road, and then climbs to over 300m, following one of General Wade's military roads (the B862) past Whitebridge, and thence by the B852 down to Foyers on the south east shore of Loch Ness.  From there it follows the B852 for 19 km to the north end of Loch Ness, where it follows a minor road, the B852 again, and another minor road to enter the outskirts of Inverness at Lochardil Woods.  From there it follows Holm Road, Dores Road, Island Bank Road and Haugh Road along the River Ness into Inverness town centre.

References

Cycleways in Scotland


The 2008 Super League Grand Final was the 11th official Grand Final and conclusive and championship-deciding match of the Super League XIII season. Held on Saturday 4 October 2008, at Old Trafford, Manchester, the match was between League Leaders St. Helens and defending champions from 2007 Leeds Rhinos.

Background

Route to the Final

St Helens

Leeds Rhinos

Match details

The coin to see who kicked off was tossed by 12-year-old, James Baxter who won the opportunity through a competition through the leagues sponsor Engage.

2009 World Club Challenge

The Rhinos' win in the grand final earned them the right to play against the 2008 NRL season premiers, the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles on 1 March 2009 in the World Club Challenge.

References

External links
BBC Match Report
Independent Match Report

St Helens R.F.C. matches
Leeds Rhinos matches
Super League Grand Finals
Grand final


This page presents the results of the men's and women's volleyball tournament of the 1995 Pan American Games, which was held in the Polideportivo from 12 March to 18 March 1995 in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Medal summary

Medal table

Events

Men's indoor tournament

Teams

Group A

Group B

Preliminary round

Final round

Final ranking

Individual awards

Women's indoor tournament

Preliminary round robin

Final round

Final ranking

Individual awards

References

Events at the 1995 Pan American Games
1995
Pan American Games


New York F.C. may refer to:
New York Field Club (founded 1916), two early 20th-century American soccer clubs
New York City Football Club (founded 2013), an American soccer club
F.C. New York (2011–2012), an American soccer club

See also
Brooklyn F.C. (New York), an American soccer club based in Brooklyn, New York


Jorge Melício (Lobito, 20 March 1957) is a Portuguese sculptor. He was born in Angola in 1957 and has lived in Lisbon since he was seven years of age.

Biography
He went to Escola de Artes Decorativas António Arroio ("António Arroio School of Decorative Arts") and Escola Superior de Belas-Artes de Lisboa ("University of Arts of Lisbon").

Artworks

In the 1970s he made clay and stone sculptures in the Freguesia of Pêro Pinheiro.

His works are held in numerous museums and private collections. He has a painting in the A Brasileira, Chiado. His public sculptures are found around Portugal. Examples are the "Família" in Fernando Pessoa Garden, near the Lisbon city hall, and the recent ceramic monument dedicated  to the life and work of Queen Saint Elizabeth of Portugal, at the headquarters of the Caixa Geral de Depósitos bank in the same city. The administration of the Lisbon metropolitan railway selected him to decorate one of its stations.

Prizes

Bronze Medal from the Diogo Gonçalves Museum (Portimão)
Prize: Design ICS Para Embalagens (Milan)
Silver Medal  (Castelo Branco)

See also

Hyperrealism, a genre of painting and sculpture
Bronze sculpture, the use of bronze for artistic representations
Bronzing, a process by which an object is coated in bronze

References
Interview with Jorge Melício on 28-10-2007, channel RTP Africa
Rui Unas' interview with Jorge Melício in the show "Cabaret da Coxa" , channel Sic Radical

External links
The Official Page of the Artist
Erotic Feelings – Melício's hyperrealistic drawings on people and their senses
Melício at Garden Gulbenkian (Portuguese)
Mother with Child, a fictional study of Melicio's sculpture

Portuguese sculptors
Male sculptors
Portuguese artists
Living people
1957 births


National Cycle Route 74 is a mostly complete (other than a few metres) route between Gretna and Glasgow.

Route

Route 74 begins, branching off from Route 7, a couple of kilometers west of Gretna. (National Route 7 connects Carlisle to Gretna - around 14km north as the crow flies.)

For much of its length National Route 74 follows the main transport corridor north of Gretna - sharing the general area with the main motorway and West Coast Main Line. North of Abington the railway chooses a different route (via Carstairs Junction), and then north of Lesmahagow and Blackwood the number of urban settlements increases.

From the Hamilton area onward the route is navigating the Greater Glasgow conurbation - marking out a quieter route north-south, touching on Motherwell, and passing through Bothwell and Uddingston, where it ends (joining National Route 75).

Travel into central Glasgow can be achieved on National Route 75. If you turn the other way it'll take you to Edinburgh, although that's a longer trip).

One of the interesting features of this route is the re-purposed south-bound lane of the former dual carriageway B7078 (which was the A74)

The one remaining incomplete section lies just north of Lesmahagow, comprising two road roundabouts and a flyover over the M74. It is possible to negotiate the area on foot, or by cycling on the road to join the next stage of the route.

External links
 Sustrans NCR 74 Overview map of route.
 Sustrans Connect2 in Hamilton Forms part of NCR 74.
 List of National Cycle Network Routes

National Cycle Routes
Transport in South Lanarkshire


Tillotama Shome is an Indian actress. Known for her work in several independent film productions. In 2021, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics) for portraying a praiseworthy role of a house maid in  the film Sir at the 66th Filmfare Awards.

Early life
Shome was born in Kolkata to Anupam and Baisakhi Shome. Shome grew up all over India since her father was with the Indian Air Force.

Career
Shome went to Delhi's Lady Shri Ram College and joined Arvind Gaur's Asmita theatre group. She moved to New York in the autumn of 2004 for a master's program in educational theatre at New York University, where she remained until visiting Mumbai on holiday in February 2008. Thereafter, she took up residence in Mumbai and after completing some outstanding projects in New York, she returned to India in May 2008. In New York, she also taught theatre to murder convicts at a high security US prison.

She made her film debut as Alice in Mira Nair's feature film Monsoon Wedding, and played Deepa in Shadows of Time (Schatten der Zeit), directed by Florian Gallenberger. She played a nun in the Australian film The Waiting City by Claire McCarthy. Italo Spinelli's Gangor, based on Mahashweta Devi's novel, had her play a social worker. She also worked in Qaushiq Mukherjee's Tasher Desh. She played Mrs. Ahmadi in the Hindi political thriller film Shanghai directed by Dibakar Banerjee. About her performance in Shanghai Rediff wrote "Shome created one of this year's most heartbreaking performances in a Hindi film".

Her other roles have included Lara in Little Box of Sweets (directed by Meneka Das), Jaya in Long After (short film, directed by Afia Nathaniel) and Miraal in Butterfly (directed by Tanuj Chopra).

Her performance as a girl who is raised as a boy in Qissa  won her the best actress title in the New Horizons Competition of the seventh Abu Dhabi Film Festival (ADFF). She shared the title with Norwegian actress Julia Wildschutt.

Personal life
Shome is married to Kunal Ross, the nephew of Jaya Bachchan, thus making her the niece-in-law of Jaya and Amitabh Bachchan.

Filmography

Achievements

 Tillotama Shome won Best Actor Award at UK Asian Film Festival for her film Raahgir - The Wayfarers which was released in 2019.

References

External links

Indian film actresses
Living people
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development alumni
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Kolkata
Filmfare Awards winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
1970s births


The Blaen y Cwm quarry was a slate quarry located east of Blaenau Ffestiniog in Wales. It was first worked in some time between 1813 and 1818 and sporadically after that until 1914. The quarry was connected to the Ffestiniog Railway at  via the Rhiwbach Tramway.

History
Blaen y Cwm and the nearby Cwt y Bugail quarry are both situated on Blaen y Cwm farm, an area of around  in Penmachno which was owned until the 1860s by the Wynne family of Peniarth. The Wynne family attempted to sell the farm in 1813 by auction, and the sale document mentioned that veins of slate ran through the property. The farm did not sell, but quarrying probably began shortly afterwards and the first indication of quarrying activity on the Blaen y Cwm site is a map from 1818 that shows a modest quarry there. These early workings continued for some years on a small scale, for the farm was again offered for auction in 1826, when it was noted that a 'valuable slate quarry has been opened', but again a sale did not occur. Thomas Roberts, who lived at Betws-y-Coed but later moved to Penmachno, was the first person known to have worked the quarry, creating one of the upper levels, which was probably the quarry site later known as Gregory's Twll, close to the route of the tramway branch which later served Bwlch y Slaters quarry.

After a period when there is no evidence that any activity took place, with part of the quarry being abandoned in 1834, the quarry was leased for 21 years to Captain Adam Gregory in 1838. Gregory originally came from Tal-y-cafn, but by 1838 was living in Worksop, north Nottinghamshire, and he also held the lease for Cwt y Bugail as well as a number of other Welsh mines and quarries. Despite spending considerable sums of money on developing the site, Gregory's operations were not a financial success and in 1849 he surrendered the lease to Blaen y Cwm, after he fell behind with the rent payments.

In 1853, brothers Thomas and James Swinton Spooner, both sons of the Ffestiniog Railway's engineer James Spooner, leased the mineral rights of Blaen y Cwm for two years. The renewed the lease in 1855 but surrendered it in 1857. The Spooner family planned to extend the Ffestiniog Railway to the nearby Rhiwfachnoquarry, with branches to serve the local cluster of quarries at Blaen y Cwm, Cwt y Bugail and Rhiwbach. Despite a bill being put before Parliament in 1854, the scheme was dropped. The quarry does not appear to have been worked at all during this period.

In 1861 a new takenote for Blaen y Cwm was granted by Wynne to Hugh Beaver Roberts of Bangor. Roberts was a solicitor, although he was also involved in many slate quarrying enterprises throughout the region, including the construction and ownership of the Croesor Tramway serving quarries to the west of Blaenau Ffestiniog, and was chairman of the George Hotel Company in Bangor. The takenote allowed him to extract minerals for three years. Roberts then sold half of the rights to an engineer from Bangor called Joseph Haywood, another engineer from London called Robert Lecky, and a London-based sharebroker called John Taylor. For the half share, he received £2,500 together with shares in a company proposed to run Cwt y Bugail quarry nominally worth another £2,500. In 1866, Wynne granted two leases to Roberts and his associates, backdated to when the takenote ran out in 1864, and lasting for 42 years. One covered the northern half of the area, on which the Cwt y Bugail quarry developed, and the other covered Ffridd Nant, some  on which the existing and future development of Blaen y Cwm quarry took place. In a series of dubious transactions, the Ffidd Nant lease was sold on for £3,000 within a month, to Edwin Dixon and Richard Morris Griffith, a slate merchant and bank manager, both of whom resided in Bangor. After failing to sell the lease for £15,000 almost immediately, and for £7,000 a year later, Dixon and Griffith finally sold it for £6,000 to William Henry Gatty of Market Harborough in 1869. Gatty had married a rich lady, and it was her money that financed the venture.

He began to work the quarry under the title the Blaenycwm Slate Company, employing a mining engineer from Penrhyn quarry as his manager, who was replaced by a slate inspector from the same quarry shortly afterwards. The new manager was William Griffiths, and he developed a third site during the four years that he was employed there. No legal documents have been found for the period after 1869, and so the history becomes a little sketchy. The Rhiwbach Tramway had been built by the Ffestiniog Railway in 1861, funded by the owners of the Rhiwbach quarry, and passed around the western and southern edges of Blaen y Cwm. However, access to the tramway was not straight forward, as the workings were located some  below the level of the tracks. An incline from the main mill site up to the tramway was constructed some time after 1871 and before 1876, as the Ffestiniog Railway has traffic receipts from 1876. The incline was  long, rising at a gradient of 22 degrees, raising the wagons by . The top half followed the ground surface, but lower down, stone was used to construct the embankment on which it ran. Whereas many quarries used gravity inclines, Blaen y Cwm required a powered incline, as the loaded wagons passed uphill. A haulage engine was installed at the bottom of the slope, which was an unusual arrangement, although it was also employed at the nearby Rhiwbach incline, which was considerably larger.

Production continued on a relatively small scale through the 1870s, with Griffiths still the manager until at least 1876, but Gatty was joined by Edwin Dixon, who had sold the lease to Gatty, and another man called Wright in a partnership. The quarry was briefly known as Pen-y-ffridd, although trade directories from 1879 and 1883 mentioned the Blaen y Cwm Slate Quarry Co. The quarry was abandoned by 1888, after many of the assets had been removed. In 1889 the quarry was surveyed by E.P. Jones the manager of Diffwys quarry, with a view to selling it, and William Lewis of Tan-y-Grisiau Foundry subsequently bought it. He carried out some work in 1889 and 1890, but the quarry was idle again from 1891 to 1897.

Another attempt to work Blaen y Cwm started in 1898 under the ownership of George Watson, who lived at Llanrwst, but soon afterwards moved to Plas Meini, Ffestiniog. He employed 16 men in that year, and in 1899 formed the new Blaenycwm Slate Quarry Co. Ltd., the first limited company to own the quarry. 487 tons of slates were shipped in 1900 and 398 tons in 1901, but any success was short lived, as the company was voluntarily wound up in 1903. The final attempt to make a success of the quarry began in 1904 with a new company, the Blaen-y-Cwm Slate Quarry Co. This worked on a limited scale until 1906, followed by a hiatus until revived in 1910. The quarry finally closed on , when the last load of slate was sent out. Apart from some surface extraction of "rustic slates" by a local man called George Budski in the 1960s, Blaen y Cwm did not operate again.

Transport
Until the early 1820s the output of Blaen y Cwm was, like that of Rhiwbach quarry, taken northwards down Cwm Machno and the Conwy Valley, to be loaded onto boats at Trefriw, sometimes into sea-going ships, and at others into river craft, to be taken to Conwy where it was transhipped. It was some  from Rhiwbach to the quay at Trefriw, with another  down the river to Conwy, and the Blaen y Cwm slates followed a track north-eastwards and then south-eastwards from the quarry to just below Rhiwbach. The slates may have been transported by packhorse, although the roads were wide enough for carts to have been used.

In about 1820, changes to the local road system led to the route following the Roman Sarn Helen falling into disrepair, and the route following Cwm Teigl via Bwlch Carreg y Fran being re-established. A new road heading south from Blaen y Cwm replaced the former northern route. Shortly afterwards, William Madocks decided to move his harbour eastwards from the unsuitable Ynys Cyngar to a new site to be known as Portmadoc, now Porthmadog, at the western end of his Traeth Mawr embankment enclosing the estuary of the Afon Glaslyn. From about 1825, the southern route over the mountain to Ffestiniog and on to Porthmadog became more attractive, although it involved an ascent of about  from the quarry site before heading downhill to a quay of the Afon Dwyryd, from where river craft took the produce to Porthmadog. It was around  by road from the quarry to the quay on the Dwyryd below Maentwrog. When a fresh attempt to extract slate from the old workings to the east of Gregory's Twll was made, a well-engineered road was constructed from there to the Bwlch in 1825, blasted into the rocks on one side, and supported by a retaining wall on the other.

From 1869 the quarry used the Rhiwbach Tramway to connect with the Ffestiniog Railway at Blaenau Ffestiniog. Initially the slate was carried by hand or wheelbarrow uphill to the tramway. An incline was constructed between 1872 and 1876 that allowed a less manually intensive direct connection between the internal quarry tramways and the Rhiwbach Tramway above. The incline was unusual in that the haulage engine was located at the bottom. A second incline, in line with the first, continued eastwards falling around  at an angle of 10 degrees, to serve the Nelw Williams quarry. It was some  long, and was probably built in the 1880s. Because none of the Ordnance Survey maps of the period show it with track in position, it is not clear when it was in use, nor how it was powered.

The internal quarry tramways were laid in very light rail suitable for hand working of single wagons. They were laid to a nominal  narrow gauge throughout, matching the gauge of the Rhiwbach Tramway. There is no evidence that locomotives were ever used within the quarry. One curiosity is that some Thomas Hughes rail sleepers have been found on the site. The system was invented by Hughes around 1845, and consisted of circular bars with elbows at both ends, which fitted into holes in the cast iron sleepers. Hughes worked at Penrhyn quarry, and these are the only known use of this system in the Ffestiniog region.

Geology
Blaen y Cwm quarry is located on a vein of slate which is known as the Back Vein in Blaenau Ffestiniog and at Cwt y Bugail quarry. At both places, the vein could be worked reasonably profitably, because the slate was of good quality, but at Blaen y Cwm, the vein is very close to the igneous instrusion that forms the mountain Manod Mawr. The workings at Blaen y Cwm covered a large area, as the search for good rock continued, but there were only a few thin veins where the slate was good enough to produce finished slates, and most of the rock found was cracked, distorted and discoloured, with large and small faults, making it only suitable for the rubbish tips.

Description

Bibliography

References

External links

1 ft 11½ in gauge railways in Wales
Ffestiniog Railway
Slate mines in Conwy County Borough
Industrial railways in Wales
Bro Machno
Railway inclines in Wales


The Amateur Gourmet, or Adam Roberts, is an American food and humor writer.

Roberts, born in 1979, started The Amateur Gourmet while a frustrated law student in Atlanta in 2004. Roberts moved to New York in 2005, and published a book based on his blog in 2007.

The blog depends largely on Roberts' own public persona: the Boston Globe describes him as "skinny and nebbishy, with a nasally musical theater voice that would fit perfectly on NPR's This American Life", and combines irreverent accounts of Roberts' own cooking attempts with foodie essays and restaurant reviews.  There are also short videos intended to be humorous, such as "Great Moments in Musical Theater Featuring Eggs". Roberts' roommates, friends, and romantic interests were regular characters from early on, but his eccentric family has been featured most prominently, including his celebrity-photographing parents from Boca Raton, Florida.

Openly gay, Roberts is the husband of screenwriter and film director Craig Johnson.

References

External links
 amateurgourmet.com

1979 births
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American Internet celebrities
Living people
American gay writers
21st-century pseudonymous writers
21st-century American LGBT people


Ingleside is an unincorporated community in northern Franklin County, North Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 401, and North Carolina Highway 39, north of Louisburg, at an elevation of 394 feet (120 m).

The Locust Grove and Monreath are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

Unincorporated communities in Franklin County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina


"Give Me That" is the first single by American rapper Webbie from his 2005 album Savage Life. The song features Bun B and was also used on Lil Boosie and Webbie's 2004 Album Gangsta Musik.

The single reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks and number 29 on the Hot 100.

Sales and certifications
The single has been certified Gold by the RIAA for selling over 500,000 copies.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2005 debut singles
Webbie songs
Bun B songs
2004 songs
Asylum Records singles
Songs written by Snoop Dogg
Songs written by Chad Hugo
Songs written by Pharrell Williams
Songs written by Webbie
Songs written by Bun B


Robin Sadler (born March 31, 1955) is a Canadian and Austrian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was drafted in the first round, ninth overall, of the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft by the Montreal Canadiens; in addition, he was drafted in the second round, 18th overall, of the 1975 WHA Amateur Draft by the Michigan Stags. However, Sadler never played in either the National Hockey League or the World Hockey Association despite signing with both leagues (the Montreal Canadiens and the Edmonton Oilers respectively). Unhappy with the demands of professional hockey in North America, Sadler established a successful career in Europe instead, eventually representing Austria internationally.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards
 WCHL All-Star Team – 1975

External links

1975 NHL Amateur Draft -- Robin Sadler

1955 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Edmonton Oil Kings (WCHL) players
Frölunda HC players
Ice hockey players at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Innsbrucker EV players
Living people
Michigan Stags draft picks
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Nova Scotia Voyageurs players
Olympic ice hockey players for Austria
Ice hockey people from Vancouver
Wiener EV players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Austria
Naturalised citizens of Austria
Austrian ice hockey defencemen
Naturalised sports competitors


The White Horseman is a 1921 American silent Western film serial directed by Albert Russell. The serial consisted of eighteen episodes and is now considered lost although some print clippings are known to have survived.

Cast
 Art Acord as Wayne Allen / The White Horseman
 Eva Forrestor as Jean Ramsey (as Iva Forrester)
 Duke R. Lee as John Ramsey / Sam Ramsey / The Mummy Man
 Beatrice Dominguez as Zona
 Hank Bell as The White Spider
 Tote Du Crow as Cuevas
 Marie Tropic as Onava

Chapters
 Cave of Despair
 The Spider's Web
 The Mummy Man
 The Death Trap
 Trails of Treachery
 Furnace of Fear
 Brink of Eternity
 Pit of Evil
 The Opal Bracelet
 In the Enemy's Hands
 A Race with Death
 The Bridge of Fear
 The Hill of Horror
 A Jest of Fate
 A Conquest of Courage
 Fire of Fury
 The Wings of Destiny
 The Avenging Conscience

See also
 List of film serials
 List of film serials by studio

References

External links

1921 films
1921 lost films
1921 Western (genre) films
American silent serial films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Albert Russell
Lost American Western (genre) films
Silent American Western (genre) films
Universal Pictures film serials
1920s American films


The Cara cara navel orange, or red-fleshed navel orange, is an early-to-midseason navel orange noted for its pinkish-to-reddish-orange flesh.

It is believed to have developed as a spontaneous bud mutation on a "standard" Washington navel orange tree. A botanical sport discovered at the Hacienda Caracara  in Valencia, Venezuela in 1976, the cara cara appears to be of such uncertain parentage as to occasionally warrant the distinction of a mutation, with only the tree on which it was found—the Washington navel—being an accepted progenitor.  Cara caras did not enter the U.S consumer produce market until the late 1980s and were carried only by specialty markets for many years thereafter.

Characteristics

This medium-sized navel is seedless, sweet and low in acid - characterized by little to no pith and easy, clean separation from the rind.

Unlike in true blood oranges, where the main pigmentation is due to anthocyanins, pigmentation in Cara cara oranges is due to carotenoids, such as lycopene.

Season
From the major growing regions, South American Cara caras are ready for market starting in August, whereas Venezuelan fruits arrive in October and California fruits make their seasonal debut in late November and are available through April.

References

Citrus
Orange cultivars


The Patients' Charter is an official document by the government or an organization that enlists various Patients' Rights and Responsibility along with the Code of Practice, followed by a medical personnel.

The Patient's Charter was first started out as a United Kingdom government official document, which sets out a number of Patient's rights for National Health Service patients inspiring other nations to publish their patients' charter as well. It was originally introduced in 1991, under the then Conservative government, and was revised in 1995 and 1997. The charter set out rights in service areas including general practice, hospital treatment, community treatment, ambulance, dental, optical, pharmaceutical and maternity care.

Various stakeholders have criticised the charter for reasons widely ranging from not offering sufficient support to transgender patients  to increasing attacks on hospital staff. The Patient's Charter was supplemented by the NHS Plan 2000 and subsequently replaced by the NHS Constitution for England in 2013.

United Kingdom

Scotland
The Patient Rights (Scotland) Act 2011 was passed by the Scottish Parliament on 24 February 2011, and received Royal Assent on 31 March 2011. The charter was first published in October 2012.

India
Under the direction of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India's National Human Rights Commission drafted a Charter of Patients' Rights in 2018 which can be found at NABH website here.

References

Government of the United Kingdom
Programmes of the Government of the United Kingdom


Bertha of Cornouaille ( 1125–56), also known as Bertha of Brittany (), was the Duchess of Brittany between 1148 until her death and Dowager Countess of Richmond. Bertha was the elder daughter of Conan III of Brittany by Maude, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England. She was the last member of the Breton house of Cornouaille to reign over Brittany.

Life
Bertha was the daughter of Duke Conan III of Brittany. She married the son of Stephen of Treguier, Alan the Black, and she lived in England with Alan until his death in 1146. Alan would eventually become Earl of Richmond. On his deathbed, Conan III renounced Bertha's brother Hoel as heir and designated Bertha as his heiress, Duchess of Brittany.

Family
In her first marriage, by 1138, Bertha was married to Alan the Black.

Bertha and Alan had three children:
Conan IV, b. 1138, their son and heir, as Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond
 Constance, who married Alan III, Viscount of Rohan
 Enoguen, abbess of St. Sulpice

Bertha married her second husband, Odo, Viscount of Porhoet, in about 1148. Bertha and Odo had three children:
 Geoffroy
 Adelaide (died in 1220), Abbess of Fontevrault, mistress of Henry II, King of England
 Alix

Succession
Bertha died between 1158 and 1164, and with her death the ducal throne passed to her son Conan.

Notes

References

References

12th-century deaths
12th-century dukes of Brittany
12th-century women rulers
12th-century Breton women
Duchesses of Brittany
Date of birth unknown
Date of death unknown
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
Dukes of Brittany
Porhoët family


Walter James "Corky" Devlin (December 21, 1931 – April 28, 1995) was an American professional basketball player. He played three seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with two different teams: two seasons with the Fort Wayne Pistons (1955–56 and 1956–57) and one with the Minneapolis Lakers (1957–58). He played in 210 games, averaging 7.1 points, 2.1 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game.

Career statistics

NBA
Source

Regular season

Playoffs

References

External links

1931 births
1995 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Newark, New Jersey
Central High School (Newark, New Jersey) alumni
Fort Wayne Pistons players
George Washington Revolutionaries men's basketball players
Minneapolis Lakers players
Philadelphia Warriors draft picks
Shooting guards


Arab Unity School is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The school educates about 3000 in Kindergarten to Grade 13, to the IGCSE curriculum and for A levels. The school's director and founder was Zainab Taher until she died in Mumbai on Monday, 2 May 2022. Arab Unity was founded in 1974.

Academic standards
In 2002, this became the first school to in the Middle East to obtain the 'Fellowship Centre' status from Cambridge International Examinations.

The school pioneered the introduction of ICT skills tests into the school curriculum.

KHDA inspection report
The Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA), an educational quality assurance authority in Dubai, has published the following the inspection ratings for Arab Unity School.

The 2009 rating of "Unsatisfactory" was an all-time low for the school. The main reason given for the rating was poor management and a very poor standard of teaching and a dirty environment. In 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 the school received the rating of "Acceptable".

Sport
Arab Unity specializes in cricket, basketball, and football. In 2006, the school won the under-18 Pepsi inter-school cricket championship. Student Adil Khalil won the cricket 'Best All-rounder' award at under-15 inter-school level for 2008–09. Arab Unity School also won the inter-school cricket championship in 2015.

Notes

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024404/http://archive.gulfnews.com/nation/Education/10300574.html
 http://www.gulfnews.com/nation/Education/10300570.html

External links

 Official site

Schools in Dubai
International schools in the United Arab Emirates
Cambridge schools in the United Arab Emirates