North Leominster station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Leominster, Massachusetts. It serves the Fitchburg Line. It is located at 34 Nashua Street, east of Main Street. The station, which is accessible, has two side platforms to serve the line's two tracks (the outbound platform is only able to be reached by crossing the tracks from the inbound platform). There is a small freight yard adjacent to the parking lot and mainline tracks on the south end of the inbound platform. A garage opened in 2014 to nearly triple parking capacity at the station, which serves as a park-and-ride stop for Route 2 and I-190, to a total of 436 spaces.

History

Early history

The Fitchburg Railroad opened through North Leominster in 1845. Leominster – later North Leominster – was opened by 1858. It was just north of the Main Street crossing, near the modern station location.

Trains ran to North Leominster for over a century under the Fitchburg Railroad and the Boston and Maine Railroad until the latter cut all service on the line past West Concord on January 18, 1965 due to insufficient subsidies from the newly formed Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The station building was reused as a foreign car agency by 1968, but later demolished.

Service restoration

On January 13, 1980, the MBTA restored service on 37 miles of the Fitchburg Line from West Concord to Gardner, including the stop at North Leominster. Short asphalt platforms were built behind a strip mall at the location of the former depot, with pedestrian access from Main Street but only 30 parking spaces.

In July 2003, the MBTA Board approved spending $950,000 in MBTA funds for a $3 million new station. On October 4, 2004, the new station was opened about  southeast of the old station. It was built with short high-level platforms for handicapped accessibility, and a 150-space parking lot was built off Nashua Street adjacent to the station. The former station platforms are still extant.

However, the lot quickly proved to be too small, as North Leominster serves park-and-ride commuters from as far as Orange and Athol. (Fitchburg, the other major park-and-ride on the outer end of the Fitchburg Line, does not have convenient access to Route 2 and I-190 as North Leominster does.)

Garage

Beginning in 2007, the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority and Montachusett Regional Planning Commission began planning for an expansion of parking capacity. Construction began in March 2012 on a three-story garage which will provide 340 parking spaces. The $7.7 million project, which was funded by the FTA through earmarks and formula funding, includes a covered busway and charging stations for electric cars. Originally to be completed in August 2013, the garage was delayed due to high summer heat which prevented pouring concrete. The garage was dedicated on November 1, 2013, but it was not yet completed. After five months of delays caused by the contractor's financial problems, the garage opened on May 20, 2014.

Construction of full-length high-level accessible platforms was considered as part of the project, but the platforms would have cost an additional $18 million and created clearance issues with passing Pan Am freight trains. The freight trains, which are slightly wider than standard passenger cars, frequently impact the mini-high platforms and would cause severe damage to full-length platforms.

On September 11, 2023, flash floods in Leominster washed out an embankment at the former North Leominster station site. Service between Shirley and Wachusett was replaced with buses until September 19.

Other stations

Besides the Fitchburg Line station, Leominster also once had two other train stations. The Fitchburg and Worcester Railroad opened in 1850 between the eponymous cities, with a station stop in Leominster Center as well as West Leominster (at Hamilton Avenue). Through service from Worcester to Fitchburg ended in 1926, and the last passenger service through Leominster Center ended in 1931. The line is now used for freight service from the south but is abandoned north of Mechanic Street in downtown Leominster. The 1878 Leominster Center station still stands at 24 Columbia Street.

References

External links

MBTA – North Leominster

MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Former Boston and Maine Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1845
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1980
Buildings and structures in Leominster, Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States closed in 1965


Skilgate is a village and civil parish  east of Dulverton and  west of Wiveliscombe in the Somerset West and Taunton district of Somerset, England. It has a population of 96.

The parish, which covers an area of 866 ha, straddles the boundary of the Exmoor National Park lying on the southern edge of the Brendon Hills, and is close to the border with Devon.

History

In the Domesday Book the village was recorded as Scheligate, possibly meaning 'the opening on the boundary'. At that time it was held by Robert de Gatemore under Roger Arundel along with another manor in the parish known as Milton. They passed in the 20th century to the Ferguson Davie baronets.

The parish of Skillgate was part of the Williton and Freemanners Hundred.

Governance

The Parish Meeting has responsibility for local issues, there being no Parish Council.

The village falls within the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton, which was established on 1 April 2019. It was previously in the district of West Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and part of Dulverton Rural District before that. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and  fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Bridgwater and West Somerset county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Prior to Brexit in 2020, it was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament.

Religious sites

The Church of St John has a 14th-century tower, but the rest of the church was rebuilt in 1872. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

References

Civil parishes in Somerset
Villages in West Somerset


Itteville () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Itteville's twin town has been Newick in the United Kingdom since 1988. The distance between both towns is .

Origin of the town name
The original name of the commune comes from the Latin Ittae Villa meaning "Itte farm" referring to Itta of Nivelles, spouse of Pépin de Landen who built a farm. The commune was created in 1793 under the name of Itterville. The current orthography was introduced in 1801 in the law bulletin.

Geographical situation
The Juine forms the commune's northwestern and northern borders, then flows into the Essonne, which forms the commune's eastern border.
Itteville is  south of Paris Notre Dame, point zero on French roads,  south west of Évry,  north east of Étampes,  north of La Ferté-Alais,  south east of Arpajon,  south east of Montlhéry,  south west of Corbeil-Essonnes,  north west of Milly-la-Forêt,  south east of Palaiseau and  east of Dourdan

Population
Inhabitants of Itteville are known as Ittevillois in French.

See also
 Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association
 website

Communes of Essonne


Janville-sur-Juine (, literally Janville on Juine) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Janville-sur-Juine are known as Janvillois.

Geography
The village lies on the right bank of the river Juine, which forms all of the commune's northern border.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


The Columbus Horizon is a defunct basketball team from Columbus, Ohio that played for five seasons in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) from 1989 to 1994.

History
Plans to bring professional basketball to Columbus were unveiled in September 1988 and the Horizon began playing in November 1989 at the Ohio Expo Center Coliseum, where the franchise had a five-year lease. Owner Eli Jacobson had previously owned the Pensacola Tornados and was able attract Pensacola veterans Gary Youmans and Tim Sise to Columbus as coach and General Manager respectively. Jacobsen was also a member of the league's Expansion and Rules Committees. Jacobsen told the press conference that the Horizon would become involved in the Central Ohio community and said the economic impact on Columbus would be to the tune $3–$4 million generated back into the city each year. CBA Commissioner Jay Ramsdell said Columbus had all the elements to be a winning CBA franchise. Despite the team bearing the name Columbus, team officials said they wanted the franchise to become a hometown favorite throughout the entire Central Ohio area. The Houston Rockets agreed to be the club's NBA affiliate.

Death of Jay Ramsdell

Jay Ramsdell was on his way from the CBA league office in Denver, Colorado to Columbus for the 1989 College Player Draft when his United Airlines Flight 232 plane crashed in Sioux City, Iowa on July 19, 1989. A close friend of Eli Jacobsen, he was instrumental in laying the groundwork which eventually led to the granting of a CBA franchise for Columbus.

The first season (1989–1990)

The Horizon was placed in the four-team National Conference Eastern Division by the CBA. Veteran CBA coach Gary Youmans was put in charge. Youmans, who previously coached the Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets and was general manager of the Tampa Bay Thrillers, was an Ashland College graduate. Tim Sise, who had worked with Youmans as part of the Pensacola Tornados franchise, was appointed General Manager.

In preparing for their inaugural season, the Horizon looked to secure the services of a local college hoops star by making them their first round draft pick.

Jay Burson, who at that time was the leading scorer in Ohio high school history, had suffered a fractured cervical vertebra in a collision with an
Iowa player while playing for Ohio State. Despite being drafted by the Horizon, Burson signed a three-year contract with the Houston Rockets of the NBA saying he would not play for Columbus. However, after being released by Houston and clearing waivers in October 1989, he decided to sign with the Horizon.
Burson wasn't signed just to sell tickets, Horizon coach Gary Youmans said. "We want Jay as a player, not as a drawing card. He might attract some fans but we want him so we can win ballgames."
In 34 games with the Horizon in the 1989-90 season, Burson averaged 13.6 points a game.

Also among the team's first signings was another local college product Eric Newsome, a 5-foot-8 guard from Toledo, who was, at that time, second on Miami University's career scoring list.

The new team's first game came at home to Santa Barbara on November 14, 1989. Columbus lost 123-113 in what was both their and Santa Barabara's CBA debut.
The remainder of the season proved difficult for the fledgling franchise.

In January 1990, the Horizon were forced to change coaches after Gary Youmans resigned due to ill health. He was replaced by Bill Klucas, a former newspaper sports editor turned basketball coach. Klucas was unable to change the fortunes of the new team, which finished fourth out of four teams in its division with a record of 18 wins and 38 defeats.

Later seasons (1990–93)
The Horizon spent just four more years in the CBA, finishing in last place in three of those seasons. In 1990-91 the Horizon finished bottom of the National Conference Eastern Division with a 23-33 record. In both 1991 and 1992, Horizon players won the CBA Long Distance Shootout. Barry Stevens won in 91 and Duane Washington a year later.

Vince Chickerella, winner of more than 400 games in a lengthy career at Linden McKinley, DeSales and Hilliard high schools in Central Ohio, was named as the new head coach in April 1991. Chickerella was chosen from a field of more than 100 applicants, which included seven NBA assistants, several CBA head coaches and many NCAA Division I assistants. In his first season, the Horizon, now a member of the American Conference Eastern Division, won just 18 times in a 56-game season and again finished dead last.
The Horizon had selected Kermit Holmes of Oklahoma as its first round draft pick in 1991.
Chickerella resigned in January 1992 and was replaced by Fred Bryan, a former coach and general manager of the Pensacola Tornados.

Before the 92-93 season began, however, former Michigan All-American Cazzie Russell, who had coached for seven seasons in the CBA, was signed as coach. The team moved downtown to Battelle Hall and improved slightly to lift itself off the foot of the division, but still finished 92-93 with a losing record of 21-35. Their record was only marginally better than the 20-36 Fort Wayne Fury. In 1993 Mitchell Butler from UCLA was selected as Columbus' first round draft pick, but the 6' 5" shooting guard instead chose to sign undrafted with the Washington Bullets of the NBA. The Horizon slumped back into last place by the 1993–94 season, again managing just 18 wins.

Twice in the franchise's history did a player score 50 or more points in a single game. Steve Harris scored 54 against the LaCrosse Catbirds on January 7, 1990 while Kevin Williams scored 50 in a home game against the Pensacola Tornados just weeks later on February 28, 1990. Ricky Calloway, who helped Indiana win the national championship in 1987, was suspended by the Horizon because he failed two CBA drug tests.

Demise (1993–94)
Facing weak business support and the lowest average attendance per game in the entire CBA, the Horizon announced in March 1994 that it would leave town. The Horizon had averaged 2,600 fans in its first two seasons, 2,900 in its third season but had dropped to 1,700 by 1993-94. It was also reported that the franchise had lost $2.5 million in Columbus and had a debt of about $1 million. The franchise departed Columbus and moved to Shreveport, Louisiana for the 1994-95 season.

Season-by-season record

TV and radio coverage
In their first season of play, the Horizon had a number of their games on television throughout the Central Ohio area. The games featured play-by-play commentary by Mike Gleason a former letterman and graduate of Central Michigan University. Joining Gleason to handle color commentary was Columbus-born former NBA and ABA player Larry Jones. All games, both home and away, were carried on radio on WCOL AM with play-by-play duties handled by veteran broadcaster Bob Fitzgerald.  Home games were televised live on WCLS-TV 62, whose studios were also located in the Ohio Center, two floors below Battelle Hall. The WCLS-TV coverage, was led by play-by-play man Mike Raymond and former Horizon and Ohio State standout Ron Stokes. In December of 1992, Raymond left WCLS-TV and their Horizon coverage. The team made history when Raymond's replacement, Rob Havener became the youngest play-by-play man in league history. Havener, who replaced Raymond as WCLS Sports Director was three weeks shy of his 20th birthday when he made his Horizon debut. He did two games with Stokes before Stokes left WCLS. Stokes was replaced by Terry Brown who teamed with Havener on the Horizon telecasts for the remainder of the 1992-93 season.

All-time roster

George Ackles
Paul Afeaki
Alex Austin
Scott Bailey
Mark Baker
Louis Banks
Dondi Bell
Fred Benjamin
David Blackwell
James Bradley
Darron Brittman
Jamaal Brown
T. Tony Brown
Luther Burks
Jay Burson
David Butler
Demetrius Calip
Ricky Calloway
Ron Cavenall
Chris Childs
Johnny Clark
Reggie Cross
John Devereaux
Byron Dinkins
LeRon Ellis
Tony Farmer
Lewis Geter
Mike Goodson
Jens-Uwe Gordon
Michael Graham
Orlando Graham
Ken Green
Kerry Hammonds
Jerome Harmon
Leonard Harris
Steve Harris
Jerome Henderson
Darren Henrie
Richard Hollis
Kermit Holmes
Patrick Holt
Ed Horton
Byron Irvin
Chris Jent
Adonis Jordan
Tony Karasek
Jeff King
Jim Lampley
Clifford Lett
Ralph Lewis
Ed Lover
Brian Martin
Vada Martin
Grady Mateen
Shawn McDaniel
John McIntyre
Jared Miller
Dwight Moody
Tracy Moore
Perry Moss
Eric Mudd
Craig Neal
Martin Nessley
Eric Newsome
Alan Ogg
Jeremy Price
Kelvin Ransey
Omar Roland
Ronald Rutland
Tom Schafer
Michael Sims
McKinley Singleton
Andre Spencer
John Spencer
Ron Spivey
Greg Spurling
Kevin Spurling
Barry Stevens
Marvin Stevens
Ron Stokes
Justus Thigpen
Charles Thomas
Sedric Toney
Keith Tower
Sean Tyson
Kelvin Upshaw
Mark Wade
Duane Washington
Kennard Winchester
Joe Wylie

Sources

Past coaches

Gary Youmans
Bill Klucas
Vincent Chickerella
Fred Bryan
Cazzie Russell

See also
 Continental Basketball Association
 Continental Basketball Association franchise history
 List of Continental Basketball Association Champions
 List of Continental Basketball Association MVPs and notable alumni

Footnotes

References
CBA Museum
History of the CBA
US Basket

Defunct basketball teams in the United States
Continental Basketball Association teams
Sports clubs and teams in Columbus, Ohio
Basketball teams in Ohio
1989 establishments in Ohio
1994 disestablishments in Ohio
Basketball in Columbus, Ohio


Darin Lewis (born 28 April 1976) is a Trinidadian soccer player who plays for WASA FC.

Youth
The son of former Trinidad and Tobago national football captain Steve Pierre, Lewis attended Mercer County Community College where he was part of Mercer's 1997 and 1998 JUCO soccer championship teams.  In 1999, he transferred to the University of Connecticut where he played on the men's soccer team in 1999 and 2000.  In 2000, the Huskies won the NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship and Lewis was a Second Team All American.

Professional
In June 2001, he signed with the Portland Timbers of the USL A-League.  On 1 April 2002, he joined the MetroStars as one of three allowed foreign players.  He played three games, one start before going down injured.  A week later, a multi-player trade brought in two more foreign players and the MetroStars released Lewis.

References

External links
 Player profile at MetroFanatic.com
 MLS: Darin Lewis

1976 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago men's footballers
UConn Huskies men's soccer players
USL First Division players
Portland Timbers (2001–2010) players
Virginia Beach Mariners players
New York Red Bulls players
Major League Soccer players
People from Tunapuna–Piarco
MCCC Vikings men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards


Janvry () is a commune in the Essonne department and Île-de-France region of north-central France.

The inhabitants of Janvry are known in French as les Janvryssois.

See also
Château de Janvry
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Chateau de Janvry
Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


The Chicken Chronicles is a 1977 American teen stoner comedy film set in 1969 and starring Steve Guttenberg.

Plot
David Kessler is a high school student who will go to any lengths to impress a pretty cheerleader and lose his virginity, while juggling his job at a chicken restaurant and trying not to get thrown out of Beverly Hills High School — a fate that could get him sent to the Vietnam War.

Cast
Phil Silvers as Max Ober
Ed Lauter as Vice Principal Nastase
Steve Guttenberg as David Kessler
Lisa Reeves as Margaret Shaffer
Gino Baffa as Charlie Kessler
Meridith Baer as Tracy Vogel
Branscombe Richmond as Mark
Jon Gries as Tom
Raven De La Croix as Mrs. Worth

Production
The film was based on a novel by Paul Diamond, the 23-year-old son of screenwriter I.A.L. Diamond. "It's a very funny very dirty book," said Diamond senior.

Film rights were sold to Paramount before publication. A screenplay was done by Ned Wynn in 1975 with Paul Monash the producer. The film was not made. However two years later Paul Diamond was working on a script for Avco Embassy.

It was the first lead role for Steve Guttenberg. "Some actors get embarrassed about their early work," Guttenberg said, "but we all don't start out as 'artistes.' Nobody is going to confuse "Chicken" with 'Citizen Kane' but I learned a lot. They took a chance with me. I didn't get rich on it but it was a start."

References

External links

1977 films
1970s sex comedy films
American high school films
American teen comedy films
Embassy Pictures films
1970s English-language films
Films about virginity
Films scored by Ken Lauber
Films set in 1969
Films set in Beverly Hills, California
Teen sex comedy films
1977 comedy films
Films directed by Frank Simon
1970s American films


There is no area code in Kuwait. As of 17 October 2008, telephone numbers in Kuwait consist of eight digits (with the exception of '800'-style numbers, which are made up of seven digits). From 17 October 2008 a single digit prefix was added to all fixed and mobile numbers as per the Ministry of Communication's new numbering plan:

 Number 1 was added before all commercial 6 digit numbers (e.g. 800000, 899999, etc.)
 Number 2 was added before all landline numbers
 Number 41 was allocated for Virgin Mobile numbers (year 2022)
 Number 5 was added before all STC numbers
 Number 6 was added before all Ooredoo Telecom - Formerly Wataniya Telecom numbers
 Number 9 was added before all Zain numbers
 All the three digit lines remained the same without any additional number e.g. 121, 107, 113, 112, etc.

On June 15, 2013 the Kuwait's Ministry of Communications (MoC) has announced the launch of mobile number portability (MNP), a service that allows mobile users to change their service provider without the need to change their mobile number.

Here are the starting codes of landlines sorted by each area or city:

References

ITU allocation list
Kuwait listing
Kuwait Mobile Number Database

Kuwait
Telecommunications in Kuwait
Kuwait communications-related lists


Baltona (full: Baltona Foreign Trade Company Spółka Akcyjna, former Baltona - zaopatrywanie statków) is a Polish company acting mainly on a duty-free market in Poland and abroad.

History
Baltona was established on 3 September 1946, as a private company. Its principal activity was supplying ships in Polish and foreign ports.

On 29 December 1949, Baltona was nationalized for the symbolic price of 1 Polish złoty. On 1 January 1951, the enterprise subordinated to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Trade. Its business consisted of supplying Polish ships, planes, diplomatic posts, airports, seaports, border crossings, and even scientific expeditions.

In 1957, Baltona joined the International Ship Suppliers Association (ISSA) and began exchanging information among ship chandlers.

In 1960, Baltona extended its operations to airport facilities by an agreement with LOT Polish Airlines to supply company's planes with goods intended for retail sale and consumption by crews and passengers.

The company grew and became a large export-import company during the 1970s and 1980s. During the time of the People's Republic of Poland, it was one of the few companies offering Western goods to Polish consumers for foreign currency. At the height of its popularity during the mid-1980s, Baltona operated nearly 250 stores and had over 2,000 employees. In 1984 it was transformed into a joint stock company ( or S.A.).

In 2013, Baltona took over Chacalli de Decke, a Belgium-based duty-free company. It has since further developed operations in the food and beverages sector.

References

History of the company

External links
Baltona, home page

Hard currency shops in socialist countries
Retail companies established in 1946
1946 establishments in Poland
Government-owned companies of Poland
Companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Retail companies of Poland


Gulf Coast State College is a public college in Panama City, Florida. It is part of the Florida College System and offers the Associate of Arts degree, Associate of Science degree, certificates, and as of 2011, bachelor's degrees.

History
The institution was founded in 1957 by the Florida Legislature. On January 13, 2011, the college was renamed Gulf Coast State College. The school had previously been named Gulf Coast Community College as well as Gulf Coast Junior College.

In 1966, Rosenwald Junior College was merged with Gulf Coast Junior College.

Campus
The main college campus is in Panama City, Florida, with other campuses in Southport, Port St. Joe, and at Tyndall Air Force Base.

Organization and administration
The college is a member institution of the Florida College System. Its president is John Holdnak, Ed.D. President Holdnak is its sixth, having assumed that position in June, 2014.  A District Board of Trustees oversees the administration of the college.

Academics
Gulf Coast State College offers associate and bachelor's degrees.

Student life

Athletics
Gulf Coast State College Athletic teams are nicknamed the Commodores and participate in men's basketball, men's baseball, women's basketball, women's softball, and women's volleyball. The school's athletic teams compete in the Panhandle Conference of the Florida State College Activities Association, a body of the National Junior College Athletic Association Region 8.

Notable people

Daniel Davidson - Former Major League Baseball pitcher
Tony Dawson - Former NBA player
Vontrell Jamison - Former NFL player
Smoke Laval - College baseball coach of Louisiana–Monroe, LSU, and North Florida
Frank Menechino - Former Major League Baseball infielder for the Oakland Athletics and the Toronto Blue Jays
Michael Papajohn - American actor, stuntman, and college baseball player
Jimmy Patronis - Chief Financial Officer of Florida, State Fire Marshal, and member of the Florida Cabinet.
Don Sutton - Former Major League Baseball player and television sportscaster.  Holds the Los Angeles Dodgers all time wins record (233), and held the Dodgers strikeout record (2696) for 42 years.
Terrance Gore - MLB player who won three World Series rings: the 2015 World Series with the Kansas City Royals, the 2020 World Series with the Los Angeles Dodgers, and the 2021 World Series with the Atlanta Braves.
Matt Foster - Current MLB player for the Chicago White Sox

References

External links

Education in Bay County, Florida
Universities and colleges established in 1957
Florida College System
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
1957 establishments in Florida
Buildings and structures in Panama City, Florida


Joan Baker (born October 14, 1960) is an American voice-over artist, actress, and author. She is also the co-founder and vice president of the Society of Voice Arts and Sciences, a professional organization for voice-over artists. Baker's 2005 book, Secrets of Voice-Over Success, chronicles the careers of a number of America's top voice actors with the intent of providing career guidance to aspiring and existing voice-over professionals. Her credits include shows such as Saturday Night Live and Guiding Light, and she has done voice-overs for the anime film MD Geist and for the Grand Theft Auto series. Baker has also won multiple TellyAwards and Promax Awards for her work.

Career
Baker began acting in local theater at the age of 10. After participating in the Marin County Shakespeare Festival for two years, she attracted the attention of the Brebner Agency, a talent agency in San Francisco. Shortly after signing with Brebner, Baker was cast in a local children's TV show called Whatchamacallit in 1972. She had also started to study dance and appeared in dance shows and joined the theater company at the Belrose Performing Arts Center.

In 1980, Baker received a scholarship to study dance at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City. She also continued to study acting and auditioned on Broadway. While struggling to make ends meet as an actor, Baker created a stage act in which she portrayed Josephine Baker. She created her portrayal in collaboration with one of Josephine's sons, Jean-Claude, who owned the Chez Josephine restaurant in New York's theater district. Baker's act was based out of Chez Josephine, but she also performed as Josephine Baker at nightclubs throughout the city. As she was contemplating stepping away from the act after for performing it for four years, Baker saw an ad in Backstage that made her decide to learn more about voice acting in order to diversify her skillset. After taking four lessons, she created a demo reel and sent it to several talent agents. She received immediate interest and ultimately signed with Don Buchwald and Associates. She began booking auditions and jobs steadily as a voice-over artist, including a documentary about the creation of the William J. Clinton Presidential Library that is part of the library's permanent display and a promotion campaign for the Muhammad Ali Center.

After about three years with the agency, a conversation that Baker overheard by chance led her to seek out a booking at ABC on her own initiative. She was soon hired to do voice-over for a women's health campaign at ABC News where Rudy Gaskins was a producer. Not only was the spot that Gaskins directed Baker on successful, but Baker and Gaskins began dating and eventually married about four years later. Baker's and Gaskins' careers became closely intertwined, as they were as much partners in business as they were in marriage. They began teaching voice-over, and in 2000, Baker and Gaskins co-founded Push Creative, an advertising agency most notable for the Emmy Award-winning NBC teaser campaign for the 2000 Summer Olympics.

In 2005, Baker published Secrets to Voice-over Success, a book in which she discussed her own experiences in the voice-over industry and interviewed a number of other voice-over professionals. Baker's idea for the book was born from a project for a class she was taking shortly after her father died from Alzheimer's disease in 2003. The goal of the project was to create something that impacted one's community. Baker chose the voice-over community as her focus, though she had also become determined to contribute to the cause of fighting Alzheimer's. She decided early on to contribute all of her book's royalties to the Alzheimer's Association, and two of the questions that she asked everyone she interviewed for the book were inspired directly by how her father losing his ability to speak had impacted her perspective on how people communicate. Baker and her contributors conducted a number of signing events to promote the book. The events were so well-attended that they were often held in hotel conference spaces, and the people attending were often seeking additional insight into how to start or advance their own voice acting careers. Recognizing a need within the voice-over community, Baker and Gaskins organized a first-of-its-kind conference for the industry in 2006 that, after a few different name changes, became the That's Voiceover! Career Expo.

In 2013, Baker and Gaskins co-founded the Society of Voice Arts and Sciences (SOVAS) as an outgrowth of the professional community that had been built around the career expo. The same year, the Voice Arts Awards were introduced as the capstone event for the expo. In her capacity as vice president of SOVAS, Baker has advocated for diversity and inclusion in the voice-over industry. Baker continues to perform as a voice-over artist as well as providing coaching and giving educational lectures about the art of voice-over as well as the industry itself. She is also the first voice-over artist to have an endorsement agreement with Neumann Mics. In 2022, Baker accepted a position as an adjunct professor at the Hartt Theatre Division at the University of Hartford and is developing the school's first voice acting curriculum.

Bibliography
 —Secrets of Voice-over Success. Sentient Publications

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Western Kentucky University faculty
Actresses from San Francisco


St. John Chrysostom Church could refer to:

St. John Chrysostom Church (Delafield, Wisconsin).
St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
St. John Chrysostom's Church (Bronx, New York)
St. John Chrysostom Church, Novokuznetsk


La Forêt-le-Roi () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of La Forêt-le-Roi are known as Forestains.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Babcock & Wilcox was a U.S. soccer team which had its origins as the Babcock & Wilcox company team of Bayonne, New Jersey.  It spent five seasons in the National Association Football League and finished as runner-up in the 1918 American Cup.

History
They were members of the New Jersey State Amateur Foot Ball League for the 1912-13 season. In 1914, they took part in the National Challenge Cup when Brooklyn Celtic eliminated them 5-0 in the second round.  In 1915, Babcock & Wilcox joined the professional National Association Football League.  While it regularly went deep in cup competitions, it never finished higher than third in league play.  After finishing at the bottom of the standings in the 1918-1919 season, the team withdrew from the NAFBL.  After a year out of the league, Babcock & Wilcox returned for the 1920-1921 season.  However, the NAFBL folded at the end of the season when several teams joined the newly established American Soccer League.  Babcock & Wilcox continued to play in New Jersey leagues until at least 1932 when it won its fifth New Jersey State Cup.  In its early years, Andrew Brown, future president of the United States Football Association, worked for the Babcock & Wilcox company, helping to manage the team.

Year-by-year

Honors
American Cup
 Runner Up (1): 1918

New Jersey State Challenge Cup
Winner (5): 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1932

References

External links
 National Association Football League standings

Defunct soccer clubs in New Jersey
National Association Football League teams
Bayonne, New Jersey
Sports in Hudson County, New Jersey
Works soccer clubs in the United States


The Fitchburg Intermodal Transportation Center is a regional rail and bus station located in downtown Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It is a stop on the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line and a hub for Montachusett Regional Transit Authority local and intercity bus routes.

History

The Fitchburg Railroad was completed westward to Fitchburg on March 5, 1845. The Vermont and Massachusetts Railroad (V&M) soon extended the line west of Fitchburg, reaching Baldwinville in September 1847 and Greenfield on January 20, 1850. The Cheshire Railroad opened in stages from South Ashburnham beginning in 1847; Fitchburg was the first major station to the east of the junction. The Fitchburg and Worcester Railroad (F&W) opened in 1850, giving Fitchburg connections to Framingham and Worcester.

Schedules allowed commuting from Fitchburg starting in 1864; after 1880, it was the outer terminal of commuter service on the line. Fitchburg Union Station, a brick structure with a five-story clock tower, was constructed in 1877. By 1900, the Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) had acquired the Fitchburg, the V&M, and the Cheshire; the New Haven Railroad owned the F&W. Fitchburg was a major station for B&M intercity trains - including the Green Mountain Flyer and Mount Royal on the Cheshire Branch, and Minuteman on the Boston–Troy mainline. A short branch line ran from the station to the Cushing Flour and Grain mill on Cushing Street. It was electrified in 1890 using the first US-built electric locomotive and was used until 1947.

Fitchburg–Worcester passenger service ended around 1926, followed by Fitchburg–Framingham service in 1931, though the line remained in use by freight. B&M passenger service on the Fitchburg Route was never as heavy as the other three mainlines, and it mostly escaped significant cuts until the 1950s. Cheshire Branch service was cut back to Fitchburg on May 18, 1958, as part of major service cuts that day. All service west of Fitchburg ended on April 23, 1960. No longer needed, Union Station was demolished in 1962 and replaced by a small brick building.

MBTA era

The newly formed MBTA began subsidizing B&M commuter service on January 18, 1965. The Fitchburg Line was cut back to West Concord - the outer limit of the MBTA funding district. Fitchburg reopened on January 13, 1980 as part of an extension of the line from South Acton to Gardner. Fitchburg was the outer terminus of Fitchburg Line service from the closure of Gardner in early 1987 to the opening of Wachusett station in September 2016.

The still-extant 1980 station - a short stretch of bare asphalt with a bus shelter - was replaced by the Fitchburg Intermodal Transportation Center on May 15, 2000. The new facility added a handicapped-accessible platform, waiting rooms, bus bays, and a larger parking lot. In June 2005, most of the surface parking was replaced with a 400-space parking garage.

References

External links

MBTA – Fitchburg

Former Boston and Maine Railroad stations
MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1980
Buildings and structures in Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Former Old Colony Railroad stations
Railway stations in the United States closed in 1965


La Forêt-Sainte-Croix () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France which is in northern France.

Inhabitants of La Forêt-Sainte-Croix are known as Sylvaniens.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Eleven Questions (2007) is international collaboration of Robert Rich and Markus Reuter which was conceived, composed and recorded in person in one intense week at Rich’s Soundscape studio in California. Rich then completed, mixed and mastered the work over the subsequent two months.

Track listing
”Reminder” – 3:27
”Reductive” – 4:27
”Recall” – 2:24
”Retention” – 6:34
”Remote” – 4:16
”Reluctant” – 3:27
”Redemption” – 6:41
”Relative” – 3:27
”Reception” – 3:04
”Refuge” – 5:53
”Refuse” – 3:43
”Rebirth” – 3:26
”Remainder” – 2:12

Personnel
Markus Reuter – touch guitar, acoustic guitar, piano
Robert Rich – sound design, piano, flutes, lap steel guitar
SiRenée – voices
Recorded at Soundscape Studio, Mountain View, California
Mixed and mastered by Robert Rich
Composed by Markus Reuter and Robert Rich
Photography by Brad Cole
Design by John Bergin
Special thanks to Metasonix, Haroun Serang, Bernhard Wöstheinrich, Dixie, Synthesis Technology and many others

Robert Rich (musician) albums
2007 albums
Collaborative albums
Ambient albums


La Norville () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of La Norville are known as Norvillois.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association
http://www.lanorville91.fr/

Communes of Essonne


is a Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He currently races in the All Japan Road Race JSB1000 Championship aboard a Honda CBR1000RR. For 2009 he made his debut in the MotoGP class, with the Scot Racing Honda team but was subsequently dropped by the team after just seven rounds of the 2009 season due to financial issues. Until that point, he had spent his entire career with Honda.

Career

Early career
Born in Saitama, Saitama, Takahashi developed his talents through an HRC Racing Scholarship, a program which has supported many young Japanese riders and aims to help them into the top level of competition. He made a wild card appearance in the 125cc World Championship in Japan in 2001. Between 2002 and 2004 he made four wild card appearances in his home country in the 250cc World Championship, finishing in the top five in all four. He won the MFJ All Japan Road Race GP250 Championship in 2004, having previously finished runner-up in the MFJ All Japan Road Race GP125 Championship in 2001.

250cc World Championship

He became a full-time 250cc World Championship rider in 2005, finishing eleventh overall on a Honda. For 2006 and beyond Honda did not develop their 250cc two-stroke racing machine, but Takahashi was still able to take two wins and sixth overall. He came eleventh overall without a podium in 2007 as the team began to struggle, but in 2008 he took three podium finishes, and qualified eighth and finished sixth in his home race. In his final 250cc appearance at Valencia he qualified tenth, but rode well, finishing second. He ended up in fifth place in the final standings: his best performance since starting to compete in the World Championship.

MotoGP World Championship
For the 2009 season he was handed a MotoGP spot for Team Scot Honda, thus replacing his former 250cc team-mate Andrea Dovizioso who headed for HRC's official Repsol Honda outfit. After the JiR Team Scot team split, JiR attempted to remain in the class with Ben Spies, but Honda opted to support Team Scot instead. Takahashi struggled early in the season, with a best finish of twelfth at the Circuit de Catalunya. He crashed on the first lap there, and also had an early collision with Nicky Hayden on his home round.

On 1 July 2009 it was announced that the Scot Honda team would be terminating Takahashi's contract with immediate effect due to financial constraints. He was replaced by Hungarian rider Gábor Talmácsi. It marked the first time since 1991 that no Japanese rider was competing in the premier category.

Moto2 World Championship
Takahashi has dropped down into the new Moto2 class for 2010, partnering Raffaele de Rosa at Tech 3. He took his first victory in the class at Barcelona, after a ride-through penalty for Andrea Iannone. He finished the season 12th overall, for 2011 he signed to ride for Gresini Racing aboard a Moriwaki, he took 2 podium finishes and finished 11th overall. For 2012 he joined NGM Mobile Forward Racing and rode a Suter for the first six rounds and a FTR for the remainder of the championship, the season was a disaster as Takahashi only failed to score points until the final round of the season at Valencia. He remained in Moto2 for 2013 and joined IDEMITSU Honda Team Asia, ran by Tadayuki Okada and rode a Moriwaki once again. Takahashi was dropped in favour of Azlan Shah Kamaruzaman for the Misano round onwards after failing to score a point in the opening 11 rounds.

Career statistics

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

By season

By class

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saitama (city)
Japanese motorcycle racers
125cc World Championship riders
250cc World Championship riders
MotoGP World Championship riders
Moto2 World Championship riders


Puckington is a village and civil parish, situated  south-east of Taunton and  west of Yeovil in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England. The parish includes the hamlet of South Bradon.

History

The name of the village means the settlement of Puca's people.

Before the Norman Conquest the manor was held under Muchelney Abbey but after 1066 was taken over by Roger de Courcelles. It was subsequently held by a succession of families until the execution of the Duke of Suffolk in 1553 when it reverted to the Crown, and sold to the Portmans of Orchard Portman.

Puckington was part of the hundred of Abdick and Bulstone.

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Langport Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Religious sites

The Church of St Andrew dates from the 13th century and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

References

External links

Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset


Lardy () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The village lies on the left bank of the river Juine, which forms all of the commune's southern border.

Population
Inhabitants of Lardy are known as Larziacois in French.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Leudeville () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Leudeville are known as Leudevillois.

See also
 Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Le Coudray-Montceaux () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Le Coudray-Montceaux are known as Coudraysiens.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Skerton Community High School was a secondary school in Skerton, Lancaster, England.

Foundation
Skerton Community High School was built by the Corporation of Lancaster in the early years of the 1930s, the foundation stone being laid on 21 September 1932 and the building itself completed by 1934, the year that the school opened. Originally, it was a provider of education to both boys and girls, who were segregated; the boys being educated in the northern wing, while the girls were educated in the Southern wing. The latter presided over by a headmistress and the former, by a headmaster.

Architecture
The school was built in an E-shape, the majority of the classrooms being on the one corridor. The style is Art Deco, with clean-cut lines and architectural relief being provided through the geometric shapes.

The original facade of the building still exists, though with some notable exceptions; it appears that alterations were later made to the original architectural design, (the assembly hall, for example, was originally planned as being in the central position, but it was later decided to build the hall towards the rear). A hand-drawn set of plans, beautifully finished with watercolours, can be seen in the main entrance, just by reception.

What is now the main corridor was once an open verandah, with doors lining the inner walls of the classroom which could be opened out onto the verandah to release pupils from their lessons and let in fresh air during hot weather. The verandah has since disappeared, to be replaced by a closed corridor which runs the length of the building.

There were originally two quadrangles, the northern one being for the boys and the southern one for the girls. These have been encroached upon in subsequent years; the northern quadrangle being halved in size by the construction of a new sports hall in the early 1990s. The southern quadrangle has remained more or less intact.

Place in modern Lancaster
In 2003 the school was placed in 'special measures' having failed an OFSTED inspection.

In 2007, Skerton was named as the highest-achieving, non-selective state school in Lancaster.

In June 2007, it was revealed that the school was to be closed, as part of a state modernisation programme. The proposal was to create an Academy out of three existing schools; Central Lancaster High School, Skerton Community High and Hornby. The proposal collapsed and it was decided to keep Skerton High open.

However, in July 2013 Lancashire County Council announced it was consulting on the possible closure of the school due to low pupil numbers and an inadequate Ofsted inspection. The school formally closed in August 2014.

References

External links
  School website.
 - Newspaper article on Skerton's survival.
 - BBC League tables

Educational institutions established in 1934
Schools in Lancaster, Lancashire
1934 establishments in England
Defunct schools in Lancashire
Educational institutions disestablished in 2014
2014 disestablishments in England


This is a list of Clerks Assistant of the House of Commons of Canada.

The current Clerks Assistant are:
 Marie-Andrée Lajoie (2003–present)
 Eric Janse (2005–present)
 André Gagnon (2005–present)

Past Clerks Assistant are:

 Alfred Patrick 1867–1873
 Eugène Urgele Piché 1873–1879
 Sir John George Bourinot 1879–1880
 Jean Phillippe Leprohon 1880–1882
 François Fortunat Rouleau 1882–1897
 Jean-Baptiste René Laplante 1897–1916
 Arthur Beauchesne 1916–1924
 Thomas Munro Fraser 1925–1942
 Charles Walter Boyce 1942–1945
 Roy Theodore Graham 1945–1949
 J. T. Dun (Acting) 1949–1949
 Edward Russell Hopkins 1949–1952
 Thomas R. Montgomery 1952–1964
 Alistair Fraser 1966–1967
 J. Gordon Dubroy 1968–1974
 Marcel R. Pelletier 1969–1982
 C. Beverly Koester 1975–1979
 Robert Marleau 1983–1987
 Phillip Alan Charles Landry 1983–1996
 Mary Ann Griffith 1984–1987
 Camille Montpetit 1995–1997
 William C. Corbett 1997–1999
 Audrey Elizabeth O'Brien 1997–2000
 Marc Bosc 2000–2005
 André Gagnon (Acting) 2005–2005

References
 Officers and Officials of Parliament

Clerks assist
Lists of Canadian civil servants
House of Commons of Canada
Ceremonial officers in Canada


Le Plessis-Pâté () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Le Plessis-Pâté are known as Plesséiens.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website
Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Le Val-Saint-Germain () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Le Val-Saint-Germain are known as Val-Saint-Germinois.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Rhythm & Drums is the first studio album by German dance duo Cosmic Gate. It was released on February 19, 2001, in Germany. The song "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" appeared in the video game DDRMAX Dance Dance Revolution 6thMix.

Track listing
"Open the Gate" (feat. Natascha Niemann) – 2:54
"Exploration of Space" [Extended Mix] (feat. Thomas Friebe) – 8:15
"Fire Wire" [Club Mix] – 8:13
"The Drums" [Video Mix] (feat. Natascha Niemann) – 3:36
"Melt to the Ocean" [Midnight Remix] - 7:57
"Lost In Music" – 3:44
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow" [Video Mix] – 3:42
"The Rhythm" – 7:53
"Wicked" – 7:13
"Mental Atmosphere" [Video Mix] (feat. Natascha Niemann) – 3:07
"Running (Out of Time)" (feat. Thomas Friebe) – 6:43
"Fire Wire" [DJ Scot Project Remix] – 9:56

Charts

References

External links

 Rhythm & Drums at Amazon.com

Cosmic Gate albums
2001 debut albums


Les Granges-le-Roi () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Les Granges-le-Roi are known as Grangeois.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Land use (IAURIF)
Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Ohn is a Burmese name, used by people from Myanmar. Notable people with the name include:

 Daw Ohn (1913–2003), Burmese professor in Pali
 Ohn Gyaw (born 1932), Burmese Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 1998
 Ohn Kyaing (born 1944), Burmese politician and former political prisoner
 Ohn Kyaw Myint (born 1977), Burmese army officer
 Ohn Maung (1913–1947), Burmese Deputy Minister of Transport from 1946 to 1947
 Ohn Myint (1918–2010), Burmese journalist
 Ohn Myint (politician) ( 2010–2016), Burmese Minister for Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development from 2011 to 2016
 Ohn Pe (c. 1917–2008), Burmese businessman
 Ohn Than (born 1946), Burmese democracy activist
 Maung Maung Ohn ( 2014–2016), Burmese Chief Minister of Rakhine State, Myanmar from 2014 to 2016
 Shwe Ohn (1923–2010), Burmese politician

See also
 John (disambiguation)
 Ohm (disambiguation)


Les Molières () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Les Molières are known as Molièrois.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Alexandre "Alex" Welter (born 30 June 1953) is a Brazilian sailor and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in the Tornado Class at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, alongside Lars Sigurd Bjorkstrom.

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Brazilian male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Brazil
Olympic medalists in sailing
Olympic gold medalists for Brazil
Sailors at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Tornado
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Brazilian people of German descent


College of advanced technology may refer to:

 One of the colleges of advanced technology in the United Kingdom.
 Technical University of Denmark, named Den Polytekniske Læreanstalt (College of Advanced Technology) until 1933.


No More Sleep is the second studio album by hard trance duo Cosmic Gate. It was released on July 8, 2002 in Germany.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

Cosmic Gate albums
2002 albums


Linas ( or ) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

The famous motor racing circuit Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry (often abbreviated as "Montlhéry") is located across the communes of Linas, Bruyères-le-Châtel and Ollainville.

Population

Inhabitants of Linas are known as Linois in French.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Esquire Shoe Polish was the best selling shoe polish brand in America from the 1940s to the 1960s.

During the Great Depression, Sam and Albert Abrams, chemists and entrepreneurs from Brooklyn, took over an ailing boot polish maker, the Knomark Manufacturing Company of Williamsburg, Brooklyn. In 1938 they purchased the Esquire brand. After a saturation advertising campaign in 1944, the company became the best selling shoe polish manufacturer in the US. A 1951 advertising campaign featured the singer and television star Kate Smith. In the late 1950s, they sold the Esquire brand and the 1914-built Esquire Building on 330 Wythe Avenue in Brooklyn. In 1957, Revlon acquired the Esquire brand which made annual sales of 15 million dollars. Revlon sold the Esquire shoe polish brand and other Esquire product brands in 1969. The Sara Lee company purchased the Esquire brand in 1987, which discontinued it in favor of their Kiwi brand. In 1994, Papercraft Corp. of Pittsburgh purchased the Esquire brand from Sara Lee. In 2010, Griffin Brands acquired the brand. It still exists in the form of shine polish today.

The Esquire Building was acquired in 1984 and converted to condominiums by Stephanie Eisenberg in 2000.

References

Revlon brands
Shoe polish
Manufacturing companies established in 1938
1938 establishments in New York City
Products introduced in 1938


The 96th Airlift Squadron is part of the 934th Airlift Wing at Minneapolis-St Paul Joint Air Reserve Station, Minnesota. It operates Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission worldwide.  The unit has supported the conflicts of World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War and has helped prove the concept of a reliable and ready airlift reserve fleet of the United States Air Force.

Mission
Fly Lockheed C-130H Hercules cargo aircraft, both airdropping and air landing cargo and people.

History

World War II
The squadron was activated in July 1943 as an I Troop Carrier Command Douglas C-47 Skytrain Squadron. After training in the United States, at various bases, it was sent to Baer Field, Indiana for final equipping with aircraft, personnel, and other equipment. It was then deployed to IX Troop Carrier Command in February 1944 during the build-up prior to the invasion of France.

During the D-Day Invasion, the squadron dropped paratroops of the 101st Airborne Division in Normandy, subsequently flying numerous missions to bring in reinforcements and needed supplies. During the airborne attack on The Netherlands (Operation Market Garden, September 1944), the squadron dropped paratroops, towed gliders, and flew resupply missions. Later participated in the invasion of southern France in August 1944. The squadron supported the 101st Airborne Division in the Battle of the Bulge by towing gliders full of supplies near Bastogne on 27 December 1944. In addition, its units participated in the air assault across the Rhine River in early 1945 (Operation Varsity) and later flew numerous freight missions to carry gasoline, food, medicine, and other supplies to allied ground forces during the Western Allied invasion of Germany in April 1945 near Wesel. The squadron also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals. It transported displaced persons from Germany to France and Belgium after V-E Day. Remained in Europe during the summer of 1945, inactivating as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe, October 1945.

Reserve operations and mobilization for the Korean War
Reactivated in the reserve as a Curtiss C-46 Commando troop carrier squadron in Minneapolis, Minnesota during 1947. Was federalized as a result of the Korean War in 1951, squadron personnel and aircraft being sent to active-duty units as fillers, inactivated as an administrative unit a few days later.

Reactivation in the reserve
Reactivated after the Korean War as a reserve fighter-bomber squadron in 1952 initially equipped with North American F-51 Mustangs, later upgraded to Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star jet aircraft. Redesignated back to a troop carrier squadron in 1957. Carried out theater transport operations and supported Air Force and Army units with troop carrier missions. Was activated during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, carried Army units to South Florida in preparation of a possible invasion of Cuba. Returned Army personnel to home stations after the situation was normalized and returned to reserve service.

The squadron flew airlift missions worldwide, including to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and to Southwest Asia during the Gulf War. It has also participated in training exercises, some involving the dropping or landing of airborne troops, and flew numerous humanitarian airlift missions.

Campaigns and decorations
 Campaigns: World War II: Normandy; Northern France; Rome-Arno; Southern France; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe.
 Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citation: France, [6–7] Jun 1944. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 1 Oct 1988 – 30 Sep 1990; 1 Jul 1994 – 30 Jun 1996; 30 Sep 1998 – 1 Oct 2000. Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 14 Feb-11 Mar 1968.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 96th Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 May 1943
 Activated on 1 July 1943
 Inactivated on 18 October 1945
 Activated in the reserve on 6 March 1947
 Redesignated 96th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 27 June 1949
 Ordered to Active Service on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 4 May 1951
 Redesignated 96th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 26 May 1952
 Activated in the Reserve on 15 June 1952
 Redesignated 96th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 8 September 1957
 Ordered to active service on 28 October 1962
 Relieved from active service on 28 November 1962
 Redesignated 96th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1967
 Redesignated 96th Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992

Assignments
 440th Troop Carrier Group, 1 Jul 1943 – 18 Oct 1945
 Second Air Force, 6 March 1947
 440th Troop Carrier Group, 3 Sep 1947 – 4 May 1951
 440th Fighter-Bomber Group (later 440th Troop Carrier Group), 15 June 1952
 440th Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
 934th Troop Carrier Group (later 934 Tactical Airlift Group 934 Airlift Group), 11 February 1963
 934th Operations Group, 1 Aug 1992 – present

Stations

 Baer Field, Indiana, 1 July 1943
 Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 9 July 1943
 Alliance Army Air Field, Nebraska, 7 September 1943
 Pope Field, North Carolina, 4 January 1944
 Baer Field, Indiana, 14–21 February 1944
 RAF Bottesford (AAF-481), England, 8 March 1944
 RAF Exeter (AAF-463), England, 26 April 1944 (operated from Ombrone Airfield, Italy, 18 July-24 August 1944)

 Reims/Champagne Airfield (A-62), France, 13 September 1944
 Le Mans Airfield (A-35), France, 28 September 1944
 Orleans/Bricy Airfield (A-50), 4 November 1944 – 18 October 1945
 Scott Field (later Scott Air Force Base), Illinois, 6 March 1947
 Wold-Chamberlain Field, Minnesota, 27 June 1949 – 4 May 1951
 Fort Snelling, Minnesota, 15 June 1952
 Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport (later Minneapolis-St Paul International Airport - Air Reserve Station), Minnesota, 8 January 1953 – present

Aircraft

 Douglas C-47 Skytrain (1943–1945)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1947–1951)
 North American P-51 Mustang (1952–1955)

 Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star (1955–1957)
 C-119 Flying Boxcar (1957–1970)
 Lockheed C-130 Hercules (1970 – present)

References

 Notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Military units and formations in Minnesota
096
Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport


Tommy Allen is a former Ireland men's field hockey international goalkeeper. Allen represented Ireland as both an outdoor and indoor player. He represented Ireland at the 1978 Men's Hockey World Cup. He played club field hockey for Monkstown and represented Leinster at interprovincial level.

Domestic teams

Monkstown
Allen joined Monkstown as a 14 year-old in 1960. Following a number of seasons playing as a goalkeeper for the third and second teams, he became a regular first team member in 1968. He helped Monkstown win two Leinster league titles and two Mills Cup finals. He also helped the club reach two Irish Senior Cup finals in 1970 and 1972. He continued playing for Monkstown until 1987. He subsequently served the club as a team manager. Allen is also an honorary life member at Monkstown.

Leinster
Between 1973 and 1983, Allen represented Leinster at interprovincial level. He was a member of four Leinster Regiment Interprovincial Cup winning teams.

Ireland international
Between 1974 and 1981 Allen made 28 senior appearances for Ireland, making his debut against Wales in 1969. He also represented Ireland at under-23 level. He made his senior international debut against Wales in 1974. He subsequently represented Ireland at the 1978 Men's Hockey World Cup. Allen retired after the 1981 Men's Intercontinental Cup tournament. However he continued to play for the Ireland indoor field hockey team, making 60 appearances. His Ireland team mates included Jimmy Kirkwood.

Honours
Ireland
Men's Intercontinental Cup
Runners Up: 1977
Monkstown
Irish Senior Cup
Runners Up: 1970, 1972: 2
Leinster Division One
Winners: 1976, 1982: 2
Mills Cup
Winners: 1974, 1979: 2
Leinster
Leinster Regiment Interprovincial Cup
Winners:  : 4

References

1946 births
Living people
Irish male field hockey players
Ireland international men's field hockey players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Monkstown Hockey Club players
Male field hockey goalkeepers
Field hockey players from County Dublin
1978 Men's Hockey World Cup players


The Sergeants-at-Arms of the House of Commons of Canada is a senior officer for the legislative body appointed by Governor General-in-Council through letter patent under the Great Seal of Canada. The Sergeant-at Arms assists the Clerk of the House of Commons as head of parliamentary precinct services, performing certain administrative and ceremonial functions, and maintaining order and security in the parliamentary buildings.

Ceremonial functions performed by the sergeant-at-arms includes administering the Canadian oath of allegiance to newly elected members of the House of Commons. Additionally it is the sergeant-at-arms’ responsibility to bring the ceremonial mace into the legislative chambers before the Speaker of the House of Commons enters the chambers. The sergeant-at-arms occupies a bar in the chambers until proceedings are completed, after which he removes the ceremonial mace from the chambers.

Ten individuals have been appointed to the position since Canadian Confederation in 1867. All previous appointees previously held positions in the Canadian military or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; although there is no requirement that requires appointees to be drawn from these services. The current Sergeant-at-Arms is Pat McDonell, who was formally appointed to the position in July 2019.

List of sergeant-at-arms

Notes

References

Sergeants-at-Arms


Earth Mover is the third studio album by Hard trance duo Cosmic Gate. It was released on September 18, 2006 in Germany.

Track listing
A Mile In My Shoes (Featuring Sir Adrian) – 7:18
I Feel Wonderful (AM 2 PM Edit) (Featuring Jan Johnston) – 4:38
Element Of Life – 5:59
Should've Known (Featuring Tiff Lacey) – 7:24
Analog Feel – 6:15
A Day That Fades (Featuring Roxanne Emery) – 6:10
Bilingual (Break Beat Edit) – 4:09
Guess Who? (Featuring Wippenberg)– 6:38
Race Car Driver (Paddock Club Edit) (Featuring Alexander Perls) – 6:27
Consciousness – 6:57
Earth Mover – 6:00
This Is The Party (Featuring Jan Johnston) – 6:26
Ultra Curve – 3:53

References

External links

2006 albums
Cosmic Gate albums
Black Hole Recordings albums


Marcos Soares (born February 16, 1961) is a Brazilian sailor and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in the 470 Class with Eduardo Penido at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

1980 Olympics
The gold medal in the 470 class was quite a surprise. With an additional Brazilian victory in the Tornado class by Alexandre Welter and Lars Björkström, a fourth place in the Finn class, a sixth in the Soling class, and eight in the Flying Dutchman, Brazil was best sailing nation at the 1980 Olympics.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Brazilian male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1980 Summer Olympics – 470
Olympic sailors for Brazil
Olympic gold medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics


The Meguma terrane, also known as Megumia, is a terrane exposed in southern Nova Scotia, that became joined to the present North American landmass as part of the Appalachian orogeny.

The exposed part of the Meguma terrane, the Meguma Group, is largely composed of   thick Cambrian to Ordovician turbidites that have been interpreted as submarine fan deposits.  The Meguma terrane is joined to the Avalon terrane along the Minas Fault Zone, which runs east–west from Chedabucto Bay to Cobequid Bay and the Minas Basin. The Meguma Group is intruded by numerous Devonian and Carboniferous plutons.

The extent of the formation is unclear; some geologists believe that a magnetic anomaly along the coast of Cape Cod may represent a suture between the Meguma and Avalon terranes in that region.  Unlike the Avalon terrane, the Meguma terrane has not been definitely associated with a territory on the other side of the Atlantic.  It may be represented in either the Galicia-Tras-Os-Montes Zone in Spain and Portugal; the West African Craton in Morocco; or the Amazonian Craton.  Meguma was, nevertheless, part of Gondwana during the Cambrian, and possibly formed a single peri-Gondwanan fragment together with Avalon.  Meguma then became shortened during the Acadian orogeny but Avalon somehow escaped those Acadian deformations.

Geologically this area is of interest not only to students of geological history, but because metamorphism produced gold deposits which were mined extensively (up to ) in the latter half of the 19th century, and which remain potentially exploitable today during periods of higher gold prices.

See also

References
 Notes

 Sources

Geography of Nova Scotia
Natural history of North America
Plate tectonics
Terranes


James Armstrong Chadwin QC (7 June 1930 – 16 January 2006) was a prominent British barrister, whose cases included defending Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper".

Chadwin was born in Glasgow and educated at the High School of Glasgow, Glasgow University (where he read modern languages and met the woman he was to marry) and Jesus College, Oxford.  Whilst at Oxford, he was active as an actor and director in university theatre and also joined the Oxford University Air Squadron. He then spent six years in the Royal Air Force as an education officer at RAF Sandwich, his eyesight not being good enough to enable him to be a pilot.

He was then called to the bar by Gray's Inn in 1958 and joined chambers in Newcastle upon Tyne where his contemporaries included Peter Taylor, later Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Chadwin practised mainly in the field of criminal law and became a Queen's Counsel in 1976. He also became a Recorder in the same year, presiding over some trials at the Old Bailey. He was later appointed a Bencher of Gray's Inn and, in 1988, Leader of the Northern Circuit.

Chadwin represented Peter Sutcliffe in 1981. Sutcliffe had admitted killing 13 women and attempting to kill seven others. Four psychiatrists reported on Sutcliffe and diagnosed paranoid schizophrenia, and Sir Michael Havers QC, the Attorney-General, was prepared to accept a plea of guilty to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. However, the trial judge, Mr Justice Boreham, refused to accept this plea and so Sutcliffe was tried for murder. Chadwin's attempts to secure a manslaughter verdict failed, although the jury returned a majority verdict of 10:2 reflecting doubts that two jurors had.

Apart from Sutcliffe, his clients included Anthony Arkwright, who committed four murders and mutilated his victims' corpses. He also represented Donna Anthony, who was convicted of killing her two children. The prosecution relied on evidence from Professor Sir Roy Meadow, whose evidence was later discredited. Chadwin appeared unsuccessfully for Donna Anthony on her first appeal, but illness prevented him representing her on her second, successful, appeal. Amongst his civil cases, Miller v. Jackson was a Court of Appeal decision on whether a cricket club was liable in nuisance and negligence to neighbouring residents when sixes were hit by players into their garden. Chadwin represented the neighbours and obtained an award of damages, although the injunction that had been granted at trial against the cricket club was overturned on appeal.

Chadwin, who was married with four children, died in 2006. His obituary in The Times described him in this way:

References

1930 births
2006 deaths
Lawyers from Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Royal Air Force officers
Members of Gray's Inn
British barristers
Peter Sutcliffe


Eduardo Henrique Gomes Penido (born January 23, 1960) is a Brazilian sailor and Olympic champion. He won one gold medal in the 470 Class with Marcos Soares at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Penido is the current chairman of the Rio de Janeiro Sailing Federation (Federação de Vela do Estado do Rio de Janeiro).

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Brazilian male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1980 Summer Olympics – 470
Olympic sailors for Brazil
Olympic gold medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics


Edmund Melson Clarke, Jr. (July 27, 1945 – December 22, 2020) was an American computer scientist and academic noted for developing model checking, a method for formally verifying hardware and software designs. He was the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Clarke, along with E. Allen Emerson and Joseph Sifakis, received the 2007 ACM Turing Award.

Biography
Born in Newport News, Virginia, Clarke received a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in 1967, an M.A. degree in mathematics from Duke University, Durham NC, in 1968, and a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Cornell University, Ithaca NY in 1976. After receiving his Ph.D., he taught in the Department of Computer Science  at Duke University, for two years. In 1978, he moved to Harvard University, Cambridge, MA where he was an assistant professor of Computer Science in the Division of Applied Sciences. He left Harvard in 1982 to join the faculty in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. He was appointed Full Professor in 1989. In 1995, he became the first recipient of the FORE Systems Professorship, an endowed chair in the Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science.  He became a University Professor in 2008 and became an emeritus professor in 2015.

He died from COVID-19 in December 2020, at age 75, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania.

Work
Clarke's interests included software and hardware verification and automatic theorem proving. In his Ph.D. thesis he proved that certain programming language control structures did not have good Hoare-style proof systems. In 1981 he and his Ph.D. student E. Allen Emerson first proposed the use of model checking as a verification technique for finite-state concurrent systems. His research group pioneered the use of model checking for hardware verification. Symbolic model checking using binary decision diagrams was also developed by his group. This important technique was the subject of Kenneth McMillan's Ph.D. thesis, which received an ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award. In addition, his research group developed the first parallel resolution theorem prover (Parthenon) and the first theorem prover to be based on a symbolic computation system (Analytica).  In 2009, he led the creation of the Computational Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems (CMACS) center, funded by the National Science Foundation.  This center has a team of researchers, spanning multiple universities, applying abstract interpretation and model checking to biological and embedded systems.

Professional recognition
Clarke was a fellow of the ACM and the IEEE.  He received a Technical Excellence Award from the Semiconductor Research Corporation in 1995 and an Allen Newell Award for Excellence in Research from the Carnegie Mellon Computer Science Department in 1999.  He was a co-winner along with Randal Bryant, E. Allen Emerson, and Kenneth McMillan of the ACM Paris Kanellakis Award in 1999 for the development of symbolic model checking.  In 2004 he received the IEEE Computer Society Harry H. Goode Memorial Award for significant and pioneering contributions to formal verification of hardware and software systems, and for the profound impact these contributions have had on the electronics industry.  He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2005 for contributions to the formal verification of hardware and software correctness.  He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011.  He received the Herbrand Award in 2008 in "recognition of his role in the invention of model checking and his sustained leadership in the area for more than two decades." In 2012, he received an honorary doctorate from TU Wien for his outstanding contributions to the field of informatics. He received the 2014 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from the Franklin Institute for "his leading role in the conception and development of techniques for automatically verifying the correctness of a broad array of computer systems, including those found in transportation, communications, and medicine."  He was a member of Sigma Xi and Phi Beta Kappa.

See also
 List of pioneers in computer science

References

External links

 Home page at Carnegie Mellon University
 Online biography from home page
 Turing Award announcement
 Model Checking book
 CMACS home page

1945 births
2020 deaths
People from Newport News, Virginia
American computer scientists
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
University of Virginia alumni
Duke University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Duke University faculty
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Turing Award laureates
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Formal methods people
Scientists from Virginia
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania
The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science laureates


The National Indian Education Association (NIEA) is the only national nonprofit exclusive to education issues for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian people of the United States.

History
In March 1969, Sparlin Norwood, Cherokee, a teacher at Central Junior High School in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, organized a National Conference of Indian teachers at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in Oregon, as part of his National Education Association position.

In 1969, Rosemary Christensen organized a National Conference on Indian education as part of her work at the Upper Midwest Regional Educational Laboratory (UMREL) located in Minneapolis. The planning committee members were primarily from the greater Minneapolis area but the participants came from different parts of the country and agreed that such a conference should be held again. At the conclusion of this first conference Christensen was asked by the Minnesota group to discuss the idea of national organization of Indian educators while at the Convocation of American Indian Scholars, held at Princeton University, March 1970.

Jeannette Henry Costo and Rupert Costo, with a Ford Foundation grant, helped plan the First Convocation of American Indian Scholars. This brought together a mix of Indian educators that were actively involved in the education of Native students in elementary, secondary schools, and university programs. Sparlin Norwood, William Demmert, and Rosemary Christensen attended this conference. The mix of Indian educators found a common interest and formed a discussion group to consider future activity that would bring them together periodically to address national Indian education issues and to learn from each other. The leading organizers of this discussion group included Sparlin Norwood, Hershal (Ace) Shamant, Marigold Linton, Rosemary Christensen, John Winchester, Liz Whiteman, Dillon Platero, and William Demmert and Ned Hatathli, who would all become members of the first "National Indian Education Association" Board of Directors. There were other participants that participated as observers and discussants including George Scott, Carl Downing, Sam Billison, Lee Antell and several others.

This group decided on being an independent organization, and chose "National Indian Education Association" (NIEA) as the name under which it would be incorporated. Rosemary Christensen was assisted by Gordon J. Amundson to file papers for incorporation. The officers, the board members, and other organizational requirements were carried out at the 1970 National Indian Education Association Conference.

The NIEA was incorporated on August 21, 1970 (File number 1646) in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The original signatures of the incorporation papers were Rosemary Christensen, Elgie Raymond, and Will Antell.

External links

 NIEA Facebook Fan Page

Native American rights organizations
Educational charities based in the United States
Organizations established in 1970
1970 establishments in Minnesota


The Roman Catholic Diocese of Djibouti () is the Latin sole diocese in the country of Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.

It is exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

It has its Cathedral episcopal see, the Our Lady of the Good Shepherd Cathedral, Djibouti (; dedicated to Our Lady of the Good Shepherd), in the national capital Djibouti City.

Statistics
As per 2014, it pastorally served 5,000 Catholics (0.6% of 850,000 total) on 23,200 km² in 5 parishes and a mission with 4 diocesan priests and 29 lay religious (1 brother, 28 sisters).

History

 Established on 28 April 1914, as Apostolic Prefecture of Djibouti, on the colonial territory of French Somaliland, canonically split off from the vast Apostolic Vicariate of Galla (based in Ethiopia, from which also sprang the Apostolic Prefecture of Benadir, for British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland, which became the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mogadiscio covering all modern Somalia)
 Promoted on 14 September 1955, as Diocese of Djibouti.

Ordinaries
(all Roman rite and so far members of missionary Latin congregations)

 Apostolic Prefects of Djibouti
 Friar Pasquale da Luchon, OFMCap (1914 – death 1923)
 Fr. Marcelliano da La Guerche, OFMCap (22 October 1937 – death 1945)
 Fr. Henri-Bernardin Hoffmann, OFMCap (28 September 1945  – 14 September 1955 see below)

Exempt Bishops of Djibouti
 Henri-Bernardin Hoffmann, OFMCap (see above 14 September 1955 – death 21 March 1979)
 Michel-Joseph-Gérard Gagnon, MAfr (28 March 1980 – retired 3 July 1987); later Bishop of Laghouat (Algeria, another former French colony) (4 February 1991 – death 1 June 2004)
 Georges Perron, OFMCap (21 November 1992 – retired 13 March 2001), previously Apostolic Administrator of the Apostolic Vicariate of Harar (Ethiopia) (1982 – resigned 21 November 1992)
 Giorgio Bertin, OFM (13 March 2001 – ), also Apostolic Administrator of Roman Catholic Diocese of Mogadiscio (Somalia) (1990– ...)

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Djibouti

Sources and external links
 GCatholic.org, with Google satellite photo
 Catholic Hierarchy

Roman Catholic dioceses in Djibouti
Christian organizations established in 1914
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century


Dan Bunten's Modem Wars is a real-time tactics game developed by Ozark Softscape and published by Electronic Arts in 1988 for the Commodore 64. A version for IBM PC compatibles was released in 1989.

Modem Wars is played over a modem connection between two machines (via telephone or null modem serial connection), with both players controlling a group of robotic units trying to eliminate the opponent's command center. Features such as fog of war, varied unit types, terrain, and formations, all now standards in the genre, are included.

The game has a replay feature, referred to as a "game film". A separate utility allows replays to be uploaded to bulletin board systems for sharing.

Gameplay

Each player is presented with a map of which they control the lower half. Across the center is a line, below which they can set up their units. Each unit which crosses this line gains a point. If the ComCen crosses it, many additional points are scored. A second line is three quarters of the way up the screen; crossing it with units gives additional points. Crossing it with the ComCen is one way to win the game.

The map is made up of multiple types of terrain. Most of the space is clear, but there are also woods, which slow movement and reduce visibility, and hills, which slow movement and allow units atop them to have a small range and damage bonus, while those climbing have a small damage penalty.

Optionally, a Recycler space can be made available, which will regenerate destroyed units. A recycled unit must be moved off the Recycler for another unit to appear, and it can be blocked by enemy units. There are three options: None, Half, and Full; Half will recycle only half the units you've lost.

The bulk of the player's army consists of Grunts, which have respectable capabilities. There is a modest contingent of Riders, which are faster than Grunts, but which have less firepower and armor. In total, there are just enough Grunts and Riders to stretch all the way across the width of the screen. Next is a small contingent of Boomers, which are artillery pieces. They have longer range and do significant damage to other units except other Boomers. Each of the three Spies is a fast, rugged unit with extended range sensors, but no weapons, which are useful for finding enemy units, especially the ComCen. Spies are also very useful for blocking the enemy Recycler, if present. Lastly is the Command Center, aka the Quarterback, aka the ComCen. The ComCen is the player's seat in the battle. It has a limited number of missiles for self-defense, heavy armor, and a radar screen which is capable of spotting enemy spies. If it uses its missiles, it becomes visible on the main map and enemy radar screen for several seconds. The ComCen also carries a small number of drones, which are frequently used against a discovered enemy ComCen. The drones are remotely piloted bombs (similar in concept to a cruise missile) and had limited fuel before they would explode. A player losing on points could in effect, throw a "Hail Mary" by piloting remaining drones to the enemy ComCen to knock it out. Destroying the enemy ComCen is another way to win.

Units can be collected into groups for easier management.

Units also have two special modes of operation. First is Digging In. A dug-in unit deals additional damage at longer range and takes less damage from enemy fire, but can't move. It takes a few seconds to dig in or out, though units can start the game dug in. The second mode is Shadow mode, which reduces the distance at which other units can see it; however, while in this mode, it cannot see or shoot. The ComCen cannot use either of these modes.

There are three ways to win the game: getting the player's ComCen across the opposing goal line, 3/4 of the way across the screen; knocking out the enemy ComCen; and having the highest score when time runs out.

Points are scored by sending units across the middle and the goal lines.

Development
The game was developed under the title Sport of War. Computer Gaming World noted this was the easiest way to understand the game, saying: "You play the game as a wargame, but you accumulate points as if it were a sports game". The name was changed to Modem Wars to call attention to how the game is intended to be played against other humans via modem. The computer AI opponent is referred to as a "solo trainer", and CGW recommended against buying the game for those planning to only play against the computer.

Modem Wars uses 4-byte packets for each "move", deltas to determine game states, and storage of those deltas to allow for after-game replays.

Reception

In Computer Gaming World'''s review from February 1989, Daniel Hockman noted designer Danielle Bunten Berry's intentions for the game:

In a 1992 survey of science fiction games, Computer Gaming World gave the title three of five stars. A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game two-plus stars out of five, stating that "it may have been ahead of its time". The magazine in 1996 ranked it sixth on a list of the most innovative computer games.

In 2004, Scott Sharkey of 1up.com  compared Modem Wars to the Sega Genesis real-time strategy game Herzog Zwei'', saying it was perhaps "the closest predecessor".

References

External links

Modem Wars at Gamebase 64

1988 video games
Commodore 64 games
Danielle Bunten Berry games
DOS games
Electronic Arts games
Ozark Softscape games
Real-time strategy video games
Real-time tactics video games
Video games developed in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games


Ernest Allen Emerson II (born June 2, 1954), better known as E. Allen Emerson, is an American computer scientist and winner of the 2007 Turing Award. He is Professor and Regents Chair Emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin, United States.

Emerson is recognized together with Edmund M. Clarke and Joseph Sifakis for the invention and
development of model checking, a technique used in formal verification of software and hardware.
His contributions to temporal logic and modal logic include the introduction of computation tree logic (CTL) and its extension CTL*, which are used in the verification of concurrent systems.
He is also recognized along with others for developing symbolic model checking to address combinatorial explosion that arises in many model checking algorithms.

Early life and education

Emerson was born in Dallas, Texas. His early experiences with computing included exposure to BASIC, Fortran, and ALGOL 60 on the Dartmouth Time Sharing System and Burroughs large systems computers.
He went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin in 1976 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in applied mathematics at Harvard University in 1981.

Career

In the early 1980s, Emerson and his PhD advisor, Edmund M. Clarke, developed techniques for verifying a finite-state system against a formal specification. They coined the term model checking for the concept, which was independently studied by Joseph Sifakis in Europe. This sense of the word model matches the usage from model theory in mathematical logic: the system is called a model of the specification.

Emerson's work on model checking included early and influential temporal logics for describing specifications, and techniques for reducing state space explosion.

Awards

In 2007, Emerson, Clarke, and Sifakis won the Turing award. The citation reads:

In addition to the Turing award, Emerson received the 1998 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award,
together with Randal Bryant, Clarke, and Kenneth L. McMillan for the development of symbolic model checking. The citation reads:

See also
 List of pioneers in computer science

References

External links
 E. Allen Emerson homepage at the University of Texas at Austin

Living people
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
American computer scientists
Turing Award laureates
Formal methods people
1954 births


Joseph Sifakis (Greek: Ιωσήφ Σηφάκης) is a Greek-French computer scientist. He received the 2007 Turing Award, along with Edmund M. Clarke and E. Allen Emerson, for his work on model checking.

Biography
Joseph Sifakis was born in Heraklion, Crete in 1946 and lives in France. He studied Electrical Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens and Computer Science at the University of Grenoble under a French scholarship. He received his engineering doctorate in 1974 from the University of Grenoble, where he also received a state doctorate in 1979.

He is currently Research Director Emeritus for the Centre national de la recherche scientifique at VERIMAG laboratory near Grenoble, of which he is the founder. Sifakis has been a leading figure in the fields of Model Checking and Embedded Systems. He founded with Edmund M. Clarke and Amir Pnueli the CAV conference, organized for the first time in Grenoble in 1989. He has been the coordinator of the ARTIST European Network of Excellence for research on Embedded Systems (2004–2012).

Sifakis held the INRIA-Schneider endowed industrial chair (2008–2011) and has been a full professor and the Director of the «Rigorous System Design Laboratory » at the School of Computer and Communication Sciences of EPFL (2011–2016). He has been visiting professor at Tsinghua University (2011–2012) and is currently a visiting professor at SUSTech.

Sifakis has been the President of the Greek National Council for Research and Technology (2014–2016).

Work
Sifakis worked on system verification and the application of formal methods to system design. In his state doctorate he studied the principles of the algorithmic verification method known later as model checking. In 1982, this technique was applied in Jean-Pierre Queille's PhD to develop the CESAR verification tool.

Sifakis was the director of VERIMAG for fourteen years. Established initially as a mixed industrial laboratory between CNRS and Verilog SA., VERIMAG has collaborated with Airbus and Schneider Electric to develop methods and tools for the development of safety critical systems, in particular the SCADE synchronous programming environment based on the Lustre Language. Sifakis has worked on the verification of timed and hybrid systems with Thomas Henzinger and the synthesis of timed systems with Amir Pnueli and Oded Maler. He has participated to the development of verification tools including the IF toolset,  Kronos, CADP, and  TGV and has developed theory for coping with state explosion using abstraction techniques.

Over the past twenty years, his work has focused on rigorous component-based design using the BIP component framework and more recently the design of trustworthy autonomous systems, self-driving cars in particular.

Awards

 Turing Award, 2007
 Leonardo da Vinci Medal, 2012
 Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit, France, 2008
 Commander of the Legion of Honor, France, 2011
Member of the French Academy of Sciences, 2010
Member of Academia Europaea, 2008
Member of the French Academy of Engineering, 2008
Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2015
Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 2017
Foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019

References

External links

Personal homepage
Turing Award announcement
List of publications: https://dblp.org/pid/s/JosephSifakis.html

1946 births
Living people
Scientists from Heraklion
Turing Award laureates
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Grenoble Alpes University alumni
National Technical University of Athens alumni


Torna Fort, also known as Prachanda gad, is a large fort located in Pune district, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is historically significant because it was the first fort captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1646, at the age of 16. The hill has an elevation of  above sea level, making it the highest hill-fort in the district. The name derives from Prachanda (Marathi for huge or massive) and gad (Marathi for fort).

History

This fort is believed to have been constructed by the Shiva Panth in the 13th century. A Menghai Devi temple, also referred to as the Tornaji temple, is situated near the entrance of the fort. Malik Ahmed, a Bahamani ruler, captured this fort during the reign of Alauddin Khilji during the late 1470s.

In 1646, Shivaji captured this fort at the age of sixteen , thus making it one of the first forts that would become one of the forts of the Maratha empire.
Shivaji renamed the fort ' 'Prachandagad' ' as Torna, and constructed several monuments and towers within it.

In the 18th century, the Mughal empire briefly gained control of this fort after the assassination of Shivaji's son Sambhaji raje. Aurangzeb, the then Mughal emperor, renamed this fort Futulgaib in recognition of the difficult defense the Mughals had to overcome to capture this fort. It was restored to the Maratha confederacy by the Treaty of Purandar.

Location
The fort is about 50 km via Pabe ghat southwest of Pune in the Western Ghats of the Sahyadri mountain ranges at the base village Velhe. One can go from Pune via Satara road and take right at Nasarapur village. This distance is near about 65 km. It is the highest fort in Pune district.

Tourism
The Torna Fort is a popular destination for trekkers specially after the south-west monsoon, from September to December. Staying at fort isn't allowed as per orders of District Collector, everyone is asked to leave the fort after 5:00pm. The Raigad, Lingana, Rajgad, Purandar fort, Sinhagad are seen from Torna.

Gallery

References

Forts in Pune district