Ge Xuan (164–244), courtesy name Xiaoxian, was a Chinese Taoist practitioner who lived during the eastern Han dynasty (25–220) and Three Kingdoms periods (220–280). He was the ancestor of Ge Hong and a resident of Danyang Commandery in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Ge Xuan's paternal grandnephew, Ge Hong, gave him the title "Ge Xuan Gong", which translates as "Immortal Lord" or "Transcendent Duke". Ge Hong wrote extensively about his great-uncle, and said that some alchemical texts from his Baopuzi originally came from him. Ge Xuan was described by his descendant, Ge Chaofu, as the first recipient of the Lingbao sacred scriptures. He is remembered as a member of the Chinese Ge family and a prominent figure in the early development of Taoism.

Early life
Ge Xuan was associated with a number of Taoist traditions. He belonged to a prominent family, and was considered intelligent. During his early childhood, Ge Xuan was an inquisitive student and read the Confucian classics and commentaries and other philosophical and historical records. Fascinated by the philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi, he learned about how the Dao worked in daily life. At age 16, Ge Xuan was well known north of the Yangtze River.

Ge Xuan's parents died when he was 16 years old, beginning his obsession with studying the Dao and how life works. He lived in isolation, in mountains and forests. His secluded environment allowed Ge Xuan to discipline himself mentally, spiritually, and physically. The Dao requires discipline of its followers, since it focuses on achieving longevity or even immortality. Ge Xuan visited Lingyue Mountain, Chicheng Mountain, and Luofu Mountain. He visited noteworthy people, ate Ganoderma lucidum (a type of mushroom), setose thistle (Cirsium setosum), and practiced self-cultivation.

When he encountered the legendary Zuo Ci, Ge Xuan obtained mythological scriptures such as the Immortals' Book of Liquefied Gold of the Nine Elixirs. When he received this book, Ge Xuan began fasting and followed the commandments laid down by the Ultimate. His subservience enabled him to meander through mountains and over seas, and his ling () helped him conduct exorcisms and heal the sick. Ge Xuan became a healer, offering magical potions which he hoped would confer immortality. Zuo Ci descended to Tiantai Mountain and gave him the Numinous Treasure (36 volumes).

Career
Ge Xuan's grandnephew Ge Hong, an alchemist who wrote the Baopuzi, wrote a biography of Ge Xuan in the Biographies of Divine Immortals (Shenxian Zhuan). In his biography, Ge Hong wrote that Ge Xuan was summoned to the court of Eastern Wu ruler Sun Quan. A flotilla of boats capsized, and a number of people died. Many people thought that Ge Xuan was one of the casualties, but he returned a few days later and apologized for his absence. He said that he had been detained by the water deity, Wu Zixu, remaining submerged by holding his breath with his mastery of embryonic breathing ( ) and his ability to manipulate wind, rain, and rivers.

Many Mahayana Buddhists consider Ge Xuan a founder of Daoism with Zhang Daoling. Ge Hong wrote that Ge Xuan was part of the lineage of alchemical textsincluding Scripture of Great Clarity (Taiqing Jing), Scripture of the Nine Elixirs (Jiudan Jing), and Scripture of the Golden Fluid (Jinye Jing)which he transmitted to Ge Hong; Ge Xuan, however, did not concoct any elixirs himself. According to Ge Chaofu, Ge Hong's grandnephew, Ge Xuan received the Lingbao scriptures from the deities. Ge Xuan's descendants gave him the title of "Transcendent Duke of the Left of the Great Ultimate" () because of his beliefs. He remained an important figure in Daoism until the Middle Ages, receiving posthumous titles from emperors.

Retirement

Ge Xuan became a master of esoterica, excelling at breathing exercises. These exercises were dependent on a diet which avoided grains and alcohol. A number of legends are part of Ge Xuan's hagiography, the most common of which concern his supernatural gifts. Bilocation was one; during his parties, he would reportedly often talk with some of his guests and welcome (or send others off) at the same time. Ge Xuan also reportedly had the gift of telekinesis. He could point at an object and make it move (or disappear), and cause unseen objects to appear; at one party, drinking cups arrived and filled themselves with liquor. He could also reportedly hover three or four feet above the ground and walk in the air.

In later life, one of Ge Xuan's responsibilities was to entertain the emperor. When he tired of this, he told his disciple Zhang Gong that he would leave the mortal world at noon on August 11. Ge Xuan prepared for his transcendence by wearing his finest clothing and lying down on his bed. After some time, Zhang Gong saw that his master's face still had color but he was no longer breathing. Over the next three days and nights, he carried out the after-death rituals. At midnight on the third night, a wind blew through Ge Xuan's room and extinguished the candles. When they were relit his body was gone, leaving only his clothes with the waistband still tied. The next day, it was learned that the wind had only blown through Ge Xuan's room.

Literary works

Classic of Purity

Ge Xuan reportedly compiled the Classic of Purity (Qingjing Jing), in which he wrote, "The Inner Spirit of people loves purity, but the mind of people is often rebellious". People cannot achieve purity because their minds are not clear and their desires are unrestrained. Ge Xuan wrote that desires make individuals selfish and dishonest; the mind creates illusions, which cause suffering.

Other texts
Ge Xuan reportedly received texts from Zuo Yuanfang, who received them from a divine man who came to him while he was practicing purification of thought ( ) on Mount Tianzhu. He passed the Book of The Nine Elixirs to his great-nephew, Ge Hong. The Lingbao account for Ge Xuan endured in an anonymous preface written during the Six Dynasties to the Heshang Gong-annotated version of the Dao De Jing; the "Preface and Secret Instructions" are attributed to him. According to the Biography of Transcendent Duke Ge of the Great Ultimate, written by Zhu Chuo in 1377, nearly all early Dao literature may be traced to Ge Xuan.

Ge Xuan was recognized as the Supreme Immortal when his scripts were passed to Ge Hong. Although Ge Hong began composing the Classic of the Sacred Jewel (Lingbao Jing) around 379 CE, he said that they had been first revealed to Ge Xuan. Ge Xuan is known as "the Perfect Sovereign and Protector", in correspondence with the Dao, and the "Immortal Elder Ge of the Supreme Ultimate".

See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Sheng, Jiang. "Ge Xuan (Immortal Elder Ge)." Taoist Culture and Information Centre. Retrieved 25 Oct. 2008. http://eng.taoism.org.hk/general-daoism/eminent-philosophers-accomplished-daoists/pg1-4-9.htm
 Xuan, Ge. "The Classic of Purity." The Classic of Purity. Retrieved 23 Oct. 2008 http://www.theosophical.ca/ClassicPurity.htm

External links

164 births
244 deaths
Chinese religious leaders
Eastern Wu Taoists


Boussières-en-Cambrésis is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Population

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)


Morbecque () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Communes of Nord (French department)
French Flanders


Marquette-en-Ostrevant is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Marquetteenostrevant


John Robson is a British canoe sailor.

Robson became the 2008 World Champion in the asymmetric kite fleet event by finishing in front of German Tobias Kunz and fellow Brit Peter McLaren.

Career highlights

 2008
 Port Phillip Bay,  1st, World Championships Canoe Sailing, Asymmetric Kite Fleet

External links
 International Canoe Worlds at Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

Living people
British male sailors (sport)
British male canoeists
Year of birth missing (living people)


The following is a summary of Dublin county football team's 2008 season.

O'Byrne Cup
2008 O'Byrne Cup

National Football League

2008 National Football League results

Leinster Senior Football Championship

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 2008

See also
 2008 Dublin county hurling team season

References

Season Dublin
Dublin county football team seasons


Moustier-en-Fagne () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Moustierenfagne


Hugo Mantel (4 May 1907 – 11 February 1942) was a German footballer.

He played for teams like Dresdner SC and Eintracht Frankfurt. He also played 5 times for Germany between 1927 and 1933. In 1934 he moved to Internazionale Milano then named Ambrosiana-Inter but failed to get a permission to play for he was a foreigner.

Personal life
Mantel was born on 4 May 1907 in the Bövinghausen district of Dortmund. Serving as a Gefreiter (private) in the Wehrmacht, he died in Berdychiv during World War II on 11 February 1942 at the age of 34.

Honours
Dresdner SC
 Central German championship: 1926
Eintracht Frankfurt
 German Championship: Runner-up 1932
 Southern German Championship: 1929–30, 1931–32; runner-up 1930–31
 Bezirksliga Main-Hessen: 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32; runner-up: 1932–33
 Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen: 1937–38; runner-up: 1936–37

References

External links
 Hugo Mantel at eintracht-archiv.de

1907 births
1942 deaths
Footballers from Dortmund
German men's footballers
Germany men's international footballers
Dresdner SC players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Inter Milan players
German Army personnel killed in World War II
Men's association football midfielders
German Army soldiers of World War II
Military personnel from Dortmund


Wandignies-Hamage () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

Heraldry

Population

See also
Communes of the Nord department

References

Wandignieshamage


The EFDA Nations Cup, was a Country vs Country competition for Formula Opel cars between 1990 and 1998. It had always been Dan Partel's dream to stage a race that pitted drivers in equal cars racing for their country. The Formula Opel/Vauxhall one make racing series offered the best opportunity for such an event.

The 1996 EFDA Nations Cup (Nations Cup VII), was held at Donington Park, England (2/3 November 1996).

Final positions

References

External links
 Fastlines International
 Driver Database

EFDA Nations Cup
EFDA Nations Cup
EFDA Nations Cup seasons
1996 in English sport


Marcus Anthony Smith (born January 11, 1985) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round of the 2008 NFL Draft. Smith was released by Baltimore during final cuts on September 3, 2011. He played college football at New Mexico.

Early years
Smith prepped at Morse High School in San Diego.

College career
Smith played college football at the University of New Mexico and graduated in 2008.  He was first-team Mountain West Conference for 2007.

Statistics
Source:

Professional career

Baltimore Ravens
Marcus Smith was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round (106th overall) of the 2008 NFL Draft. He signed a three-year contract with the team on July 18.

Smith played in only 6 games in 2008, he did not have any receptions but had six tackles on special teams as a gunner.

Smith missed all of the 2009 season after he tore his ACL in a preseason game.

Smith returned in 2010 and notched 21 special teams tackles.

Marcus Smith was released by Baltimore during final cuts on September 3, 2011.

New Orleans VooDoo
On March 26, 2015, Smith was assigned to the New Orleans VooDoo of the Arena Football League. He was placed on reassignment on June 10, 2015.

References

External links
Baltimore Ravens bio
New Mexico Lobos bio

1985 births
Living people
Players of American football from San Diego
American football wide receivers
New Mexico Lobos football players
Baltimore Ravens players
Kentucky Drillers players
New Mexico Stars players
New Orleans VooDoo players


Okno Magazine ( "Окно", literally "Window") was one of the Russia's leading literary magazines,  founded in 1923 in Paris by Mikhail Tsetlin, the Russian émigré writer. Three paper-based issues were published in 1923 and in 1924. In 2007 Okno was re-established as a web-only magazine of poetry in Russian. It published Russian poetry, including prose poems and visual texts, translations of poetry from other languages into Russian, as well as literary heritage and essays/articles on poetry. Since autumn 2010 Okno was also publishing fiction, e.g. novellas, short stories and fragments of novels. The magazine was edited by Anatoly Kudryavitsky, a distant relative of Mikhail Tsetlin, and had some well-established poets, e.g. Konstantin Kedrov, Sergey Biryukov and Elena Katsuba, on the editorial board. Dmitri Bavilsky, the prominent Russian novelist and critic, joined the editorial team as the fiction editor in summer 2010. As per the magazine website, it stopped publication in 2014.

References

External links
 Okno Magazine

Magazines established in 1923
Magazines disestablished in 1924
Magazines established in 2007
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Magazines published in Paris
Online magazines with defunct print editions
Russian-language magazines
Poetry magazines published in France
Russian literature websites


Corydalis ambigua is a tuberous early flowering east Asian flowering plant species in the poppy family Papaveraceae. Its exact native range is obscure due to taxonomic confusion. It is one of the sources of the drug tetrahydropalmatine.

Chemistry

Corydalis ambigua contains a variety of alkaloids including corynoline, acetylcorynoline, d-corydalin,  dl-tetrahydropalmatine,  protopine,  tetrahydrocoptisine,  dl-tetrahydrocoptisine, d-corybulbine and allocryptopine.

Chemical derivatives of  present in Corydalis ambigua have been studied as potential ways to increase pain tolerance and for treating drug addiction. Further, they may represent a category of neurotransmitter stabilizers which have potential use in broad range of psychotic and neurological disorders.

Use
Cordyalis ambigua is part of the traditional Ainu cuisine:

See also
Chinese herbology

References

Further reading

ambigua
Medicinal plants of Asia


Steven James "Steve" McGavin (born 24 January 1969) is an English former professional footballer. He works as head of recruitment at Norwich City after leaving Ipswich Town's academy.

Playing career
Born in North Walsham, McGavin played non-League football for Sudbury Town in his late teens and early 20s, before being signed by Colchester United for £10,000 in July 1992. After scoring 17 goals in 58 games, he was signed by Birmingham City for £150,000 in January 1994. However, after 23 matches and only two goals, he was sold to Wycombe Wanderers for £175,000 in March 1995.

In January 1999 he was released by Wycombe, and in February signed for Southend United on a free transfer, but failed to score in eleven appearances. He signed for Northampton Town in August that year, but did not make a first team appearance. In October he returned to Colchester, where he made 75 appearances over two seasons.

After being released by Colchester in July 2001, he returned to non-League football and signed for Dagenham & Redbridge. He later moved on to Harwich & Parkeston (where he was player-manager), Stanway Rovers, Clacton Town, and Bury Town. McGavin also played amateur football for Real Benalmadena in Andalucia, Spain.

Coaching career
McGavin was briefly player-manager of Harwich & Parkeston in the 2002-03 season. After retirement, McGavin worked within Colchester United's commercial department. Additionally, he shortly coached at youth level: training the U12's at Marbella Paraiso CF.

In August 2012, McGavin was appointed Head of Academy Recruitment at Ipswich Town. He joined Norwich City in 2017, and later Aston Villa in similar roles.

Personal life
McGavin's youngest son, Brett McGavin, is also a footballer.

Honours
Colchester United
 Football Conference: 1991–92
 FA Trophy: 1991–92

Individual
 Non-League Player of the Year: 1991-92

References

External links
 Steve McGavin at Colchester United Archive Database

1969 births
Living people
People from North Walsham
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Sudbury Town F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Harwich & Parkeston F.C. players
Stanway Rovers F.C. players
F.C. Clacton players
Bury Town F.C. players
Footballers from Norfolk


Kerwin Peixoto Chiclayo (born 21 February 1988 in San Juan de Lurigancho) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a defender for Chavelines Juniors.

Club career

International career
He has represented Peru at the U-17 and U-20 levels. Peixoto made his full international debut on November 19, 2009 in a friendly match against Honduras, which ended in a 2-1 win in favor of Peru.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Lima
Men's association football defenders
Peruvian men's footballers
Club Alianza Lima footballers
Alianza Atlético footballers
Cobresol footballers
Sport Boys footballers
Cienciano footballers
Peruvian people of Portuguese descent
Peru men's international footballers


Elmer Kenneth Strong (April 21, 1906 – October 5, 1979) was an American professional football  player who was a halfback and fullback. He also played minor league baseball. Considered one of the greatest all-around players in the early decades of the game, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and was named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team.

A native of West Haven, Connecticut, Strong played college baseball and football for the NYU Violets. In football, he led the country in scoring with 162 points in 1928, gained over 3,000 yards from scrimmage, and was a consensus first-team selection on the 1928 College Football All-America Team.

Strong played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Staten Island Stapletons (1929–1932) and New York Giants (1933–1935, 1939, 1944–1947), and in the second American Football League (AFL) for the New York Yankees (1936–1937). He led the NFL in scoring in 1934 and was selected as a first-team All-Pro in 1930, 1931, 1933, and 1934. He also played minor league baseball from 1929 to 1931, but his baseball career was cut short by a wrist injury.

Early years
Strong was born in the Savin Rock section of West Haven, Connecticut, in 1906. His father Elmer F. Strong was a Connecticut native who worked as an egg and dairy inspector. Strong attended West Haven High School where he was a star baseball and football player.

New York University
Strong next attended New York University (NYU) where he played baseball and football. In baseball, he was NYU's center fielder for three years and drew attention for his fielding and power hitting. He played summer baseball for the Hyannis town team of Barnstable, Massachusetts in the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was part of a "parade of sluggers" that powered the Hyannis lineup.

As a halfback for the 1928 NYU Violets football team, he led the country in scoring with 162 points, tallied some 3,000 total yards from scrimmage, and was a consensus pick on the 1928 College Football All-America Team.

Strong gained widespread fame when he led NYU to a 27–13 upset victory over undefeated Carnegie Tech. He threw two long touchdown passes, rushed for two touchdowns, and kicked three extra points, leading Grantland Rice to write:

This attack was led by a runaway buffalo, using the speed of a deer, and his name was Ken Strong. He ran all over a big, powerful team, smashed its line, ran its ends, kicked 50 and 55 yards, threw passes and tackled all over the lot.  Today he was George Gipp, Red Grange and Chris Cagle rolled into one human form and there was nothing Carnegie Tech had that could stop his march.

Carnegie Tech coach Walter Steffen said of Strong's performance: "This is the first time in my career that one man was good enough to run over and completely wreck an exceptionally good team. I can tell you he is better than Heston or Thorpe."

Professional sports

Football

Strong played 16 seasons of professional football from 1929 to 1940 and 1944 to 1947. He earned a reputation as a triple-threat man and a versatile athlete who played on offense and defense and in the kicking game. The Pro Football Hall of Fame's biography of Strong states: "Strong could do everything – run, block, pass, catch passes, punt, placekick, and play defense with the very best."

Staten Island Stapletons
Unable to reach terms with the New York Giants, Strong signed instead with the Staten Island Stapletons. He played for the Stapletons for four years from 1929 to 1932.  While statistics are not available for the 1929 NFL season, Strong was regarded as one of the best backs in the NFL.  He started all 10 games at halfback for the 1929 Stapletons. In his first NFL game, he threw a long forward pass to set up the Stapleton's first touchdown and scored all of the team's 12 points on two short touchdown runs.  He also had a 70-yard run in a scoreless tie with the Orange Tornadoes on November 3, 1929. Two days later, Strong had a 50-yard touchdown run against the Providence Steam Roller. At the end of the 1929 season, Strong was selected by Collyer's Eye and the Green Bay Press-Gazette as a second-team All-Pro.

In 1930, Strong appeared in all 12 games for the Stapletons and scored 53 points on two rushing touchdowns, five receiving touchdowns, one field goal, and eight extra points. His point total ranked third in the NFL in 1930, trailing only Jack McBride (56 points) and Verne Lewellen (54 points).  On September 28, 1930, he caught two touchdown passes, threw a 40-yard pass that set up a third touchdown, and kicked three extra points in a 21–0 victory over the Frankford Yellow Jackets. In December 1930, he led the Stapletons to a 16–7 victory over the New York Giants for the pro football championship of New York City; Strong accounted for all 16 Stapleton points, running 98 yards for a touchdown, passing for a second touchdown, and kicking a field goal and an extra point. He was selected as a first-team player on the 1930 All-Pro Team by Collyer's Eye and the Green Bay Press-Gazette.

In 1931, Strong appeared in all 11 games for the Stapletons and scored 53 points on six rushing touchdowns, one punt return for a touchdown, two field goals, and five extra points. His 53 points ranked fourth in the NFL, trailing only Johnny Blood (84 points), Ernie Nevers (66 points), and Dutch Clark (60 points). On November 22, 1931, Strong scored all 16 points in a 16–7 victory over Cleveland; he had two rushing touchdowns, including a 50-yard run and kicked a field goal and an extra point. At the end of the 1931 season, Strong was selected as an All-Pro for the second year in a row, receiving first-team honors from the United Press (UP) and Collyer's Eye.

Strong's output dropped off in 1932 as he moved to the fullback position.  He appeared in 11 games and ranked sixth in the NFL with 375 rushing yards, but scored only 15 points on two touchdowns and three extra points. At the end of the 1932 season, the Stapletons team folded.

New York Giants
In 1933, Strong signed with the New York Giants. The 1932 Giants had compiled a 4–6–2 record, but the 1933 Giants, with Strong at fullback and Harry Newman at quarterback, improved to 11–3 and advanced to the 1933 NFL Championship Game. Strong led the NFL with 64 points in 1933; his points were scored on three rushing touchdowns, two receiving touchdowns, a touchdown on an interception return, five field goals, and 13 extra points. On November 26, 1933, he became the first known player in NFL history to score on a fair catch kick. The 30-yard kick was made at the Polo Grounds in a win against the Green Bay Packers. After the 1933 season, Strong received first-team All-Pro honors from the United Press, Collyer's Eye, and the Green Bay Press-Gazette.

In 1934, Strong again played in every game for the Giants as a fullback. He rushed for 431 yards and scored 56 points (six rushing touchdowns, four field goals, and eight extra points) in the regular season.  His greatest fame derives from his role in the Giants' comeback victory over the Chicago Bears in the 1934 NFL Championship Game; Strong scored 17 points for the Giants on a 38-yard field goal, two fourth-quarter touchdowns on runs of 42 and 8 yards, and two extra points. Strong received first-team All-Pro honors in 1934 from the NFL and others.

In 1935, Strong helped lead the Giants to their third consecutive NFL Championship Game. In a 10–7 victory over the Brooklyn Dodgers, he was only able to play a few minutes due to injury, but he still managed to score all of the Giants' points on a 24-yard touchdown run and a 24-yard field goal. Slowed by injury in 1935, he was described as "a celebrated invalid" who "hobbled" from the bench to kick a field goal for the Giants in a 3–0 victory over the Bears on November 17.  In the 1935 NFL Championship Game, a 26–7 loss to the Detroit Lions, Strong scored all of the Giants' points on a long touchdown catch and run and the extra point.

New York Yankees
In August 1936, Strong signed with the New York Yankees of the newly formed second American Football League. Strong's departure from the NFL was the new league's first raid on the NFL. Strong later recalled that Giants owner Jack Mara wanted Strong to accept a pay cut from $6,000 to $3,200; the Yankees agreed to pay him $5,000.

During the 1936 season, Strong earned a reputation as "the best blocker in the game." He also: kicked a field goal and two extra points in a 17–6 victory over Brooklyn on October 14; scored a touchdown and kicked the extra point in a 7–6 victory over Pittsburgh on October 21; and kicked three field goals in a 15–7 win over Cleveland on November 23.

Strong returned to the Yankees in 1937.  However, he left the team after three games to assist Mal Stevens in coaching the NYU Violets football team.

Jersey City Giants
In 1938, Strong was a player and head coach for the Jersey City Giants, the New York Giants' farm team in the American Association. He was barred from playing in the NFL because of his decision to jump to the American Football League in 1936. Tim Mara, owner of the Giants, reportedly negotiated a deal with Strong to play for Jersey City in exchange for which Mara would seek Strong's reinstatement in 1939. He kicked 13 field goals, scored 51 points, and was named to the all-league team. He led the Giants to a 7–1 record and the league championship, scoring 10 points in Jersey City's championship game victory over the Union City Rams.

Return to the New York Giants
Strong returned to the New York Giants in 1939. He appeared in nine games and scored 19 points on four field goals and seven extra points. Strong is also believed to be the second player (after Mose Kelsch) to have devoted an entire season to placekicking; his 1939 season with the Giants had him playing very little outside of kicks.

In the summer of 1940, Strong became ill with stomach ulcers, underwent emergency surgery, and was hospitalized for four weeks. He said that he intended to return to playing when his health permitted. He played for the Jersey City Giants while recuperating in the fall of 1940, led Jersey City to another league championship, then announced his retirement as a player in November 1940.

He came out of retirement in 1942 to play for the Long Island Clippers, scoring 12 points in four games.

In 1944, with talent in the NFL depleted by wartime military service, Strong returned for a third stint with the New York Giants. He appeared in all 10 games for the 1944 Giants, including six as a starter. In his first three games with the Giants in 1944, Strong at age 38 accounted for 22 of the team's 48 points. He helped lead the team to the 1944 NFL Championship Game, scoring 41 points on six field goals and 23 extra points.

After the war ended, Strong remained with the Giants for another three years as the team's place-kicker and remained one of the league's leading scorers with 41 points in 1945, 44 points in 1946, and 30 points in 1947. His 32 extra points in 1946 ranked second in the league. In April 1948, at age 41, Strong announced his retirement as a player.

Overview and honors

In 12 seasons in the NFL, Strong received first-team All-Pro honors four times (1930, 1931, 1933, and 1934) and scored 520 career points (including 36 points in the post-season) on 38 touchdowns, 39 field goals, and 175 extra points.

In October 1937, Red Cagle, a member of the College Football Hall of Fame, rated Strong at the greatest all-around football player. Cagle said: "Strong ... can do everything. He's a great punter, place kicker, pass thrower, and how he could carry his 198 pounds! I played with and against Strong, and he always stood out. He is tops when the chips are down ... Ken is also a brilliant blocker, so I guess that makes him the class."

Walter Steffen, also a member of the College Football Hall of Fame, said: "I'll tell you he is easily the greatest football player I ever saw – and I've been around over twenty-five years ... I can tell you honestly that since 1905 I've never seen a football player in his class for all-around stuff."

In 1939, Grantland Rice rated Strong and Jim Thorpe as the greatest players in football history. In Strong's favor, Rice cited Strong's "unusual speed", the "driving force in his legs", and his stamina.

Harry Grayson wrote: "An amazing runner, blocker, passer, kicker, and defensive man, Strong was, in the opinion of many who saw him, the greatest football player of them all." Grayson later called Strong "a runaway buffalo with the speed of an antelope."

Strong received numerous honors for his football career, including the following:
 In 1950, he was one of the 25 charter inductees into the Helms Athletic Foundation's Professional Football Hall of Fame.
 In 1957, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
 In 1967, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
 Prior to 1968, Strong's jersey number (No. 50) was retired by the New York Giants. He was among the first four Giants (along with Mel Hein, Y. A. Tittle and Al Blozis) to be so honored.
 In 1969, he was named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team.
 In 1971, he was inducted into the NYU Athletics Hall of Fame.
 In 2010, he was one of the 22 players included in the New York Giants Ring of Honor at MetLife Stadium.

Baseball
Strong also played professional baseball for several years. He was signed by the New York Yankees before graduating from NYU and spent the summer of 1929 with the New Haven Profs of the Eastern League. He was an outfielder for New Haven, appearing in 104 games and compiling a .283 batting average with 21 home runs and 43 extra-base hits.

Strong began the 1930 season with New Haven.  In mid-May, he joined the Hazleton Mountaineers of the New York–Pennsylvania League, appearing in 117 games and compiling a .373 batting average with 41 home runs (a league record), and 88 extra-base hits.  On June 8 in a game at home vs. Wilkes-Barre, Strong played left field and hit four home runs.

In 1931, Strong moved up to AA ball with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League. He appeared in 118 games with Toronto and compiled a .340 batting average with 53 extra-base hits.

In January 1932, the Detroit Tigers purchased rights to Strong. He was considered a tremendous major league prospect, but a wrist injury sustained late in the 1931 season when he ran into the outfield fence proved to be a fracture. Strong underwent surgery, but the Detroit surgeon removed the wrong bone. Strong never recovered the full use of his right wrist. In July 1933, Strong won a $75,000 jury verdict in a lawsuit against the surgeon who removed the wrong bone. The verdict was later reversed on appeal.

Family, later years, and honors
In December 1929, Strong married Amelie Hunneman, a New York actress known by the stage name Rella Harrison. The marriage was "stormy", short-lived, and ended in divorce.

In December 1931, Strong married Mabel Anderson of Long Island. Strong and his second wife remained married for nearly 48 years and had a son, Kenneth Robert Strong, born in approximately 1932.

After retiring from football, Strong lived with his wife and son in Bayside, Queens, and worked as a liquor salesman. From 1962 to 1965, he was an assistant coach for the New York Giants, working with the team's kickers.

Strong had a history of heart problems and died of a heart attack in 1979 at age 73.

Television
On February 19, 1957 Strong made an appearance on the game show To Tell the Truth. He was contestant number 3 claiming to be Tommy Loughran, a former boxer.

See also
 List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders

References

External links

1906 births
1979 deaths
American football fullbacks
American football halfbacks
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The Chopin University of Music (, UMFC) is a musical conservatorium and academy located in central Warsaw, Poland. It is the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe.

History

Named for the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin (whose birth name was Fryderyk Chopin and who studied there from 1826 to 1829), the University dates from the Music School for singers and theatre actors that was founded in 1810 by Wojciech Bogusławski. In 1820 it was transformed by Chopin's subsequent teacher, Józef Elsner, into a more general school of music, the Institute of Music and Declamation; it was then affiliated with the University of Warsaw and, together with the University, was dissolved by Russian imperial authorities during the repressions that followed the November 1830 Uprising. In 1861 it was revived as Warsaw's Institute of Music.

After Poland regained independence in 1918, the Institute was taken over by the Polish state and became known as the Warsaw Conservatory. The institution's old main building was destroyed during World War II, in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war, in 1946, the school was recreated as the Higher State School of Music. In 1979 the school assumed the name: Fryderyk Chopin Music Academy. In 2008 the school once again changed its name to the Chopin University of Music.

Buildings

The main building, at ulica Okólnik 2 in Central Warsaw, was constructed between 1960 and 1966. It contains 62 sound-proof classrooms; a concert hall (486 seats), the Szymanowski Lecture Theater (adapted for film projection; 155 seats), the Melcer Chamber Music Hall (196 seats and a Walcker organ sampled by Piotr Grabowski), the Moniuszko Opera Hall (53 seats), a rhythmics room, three music-recording and sound-track studios, a tuner's studio, a library and reading room, rector's offices, deans' offices, management offices, guest rooms, the GAMA cafeteria, and doctor's and dentist's clinics. There is also a music book shop and antiquarian book shop.

The University also has its own dormitory, Dziekanka, at 58/60 Krakowskie Przedmieście. The latter has its own 150-seat concert hall.

Structure
The University is divided into the following departments:

 Department of Symphony and Orchestra Conducting
 Department of Composition and Theory of Music
 Department of Instrumental Studies
 Department of Vocal and Acting Studies
 Department of Choir Conducting and Choir Studies, Music Education and Rhythmics
 Department of Sound Engineering
 Department of Church Music
 Department of Dance
 Department of Jazz and Stage Music
 Department of Instrumental and Educational Studies, Music Education and Vocal Studies in Białystok

Directors and rectors

 Wojciech Bogusławski (1810–1814)
 Ludwik Osiński (1814−1816)
 Józef Elsner (1816–1830)
 Apolinary Kątski (1861−1879)
 Aleksander Zarzycki (1879−1888)
 Rudolf Strobl (1888−1891)
 Gustaw Roguski (1891−1903)
 Emil Młynarski (1903−1907)
 Stanisław Barcewicz (1910−1918)
 Emil Młynarski (1919−1922)
 Henryk Melcer-Szczawiński (1922−1927)
 Karol Szymanowski (1927−1929)
 Zbigniew Drzewiecki (1929−1930)
 Karol Szymanowski (1930–1931)
 Zbigniew Drzewiecki (1931–1932)
 Eugeniusz Morawski-Dąbrowa (1932−1939)
 Kazimierz Sikorski (1940−1944)
 Stanisław Kazuro (1945−1951)
 Stanisław Szpinalski (1951−1957)
 Kazimierz Sikorski (1957−1966)
 Teodor Zalewski (1966−1969)
 Tadeusz Paciorkiewicz (1969−1971)
 Regina Smendzianka (1972−1973)
 Tadeusz Wroński (1973−1975)
 Tadeusz Maklakiewicz (1975−1978)
 Bogusław Madey (1978−1981)
 Andrzej Rakowski (1981−1987)
 Kazimierz Gierżod (1987−1993)
 Andrzej Chorosiński (1993−1999)
 Ryszard Zimak (1999−2005)
 Stanisław Moryto (2005−2012)
 Ryszard Zimak (2012−2016)
 Klaudiusz Baran (from 2016)

Doctors honoris causa

 Igor Bełza
 Nadia Boulanger
 Plácido Domingo
 Jan Ekier
 Joachim Grubich
 Andrzej Jasiński
 Witold Lutosławski
 Andrzej Panufnik
 Arvo Pärt
 Krzysztof Penderecki
 Jean-Pierre Rampal
 Mstislav Rostropovich
 Arthur Rubinstein
 Witold Rudziński
 Jerzy Semkow
 Kazimierz Sikorski
 Stefan Śledziński
 Regina Smendzianka
 Stefan Sutkowski
 Tadeusz Wroński

Notable professors

 Tadeusz Baird
 Henryk Czyż
 Zbigniew Drzewiecki
 Irena Dubiska
 Paweł Łukaszewski
 Witold Maliszewski
 Aleksander Michałowski
 Stanisław Moniuszko
 Witold Rudziński
 Ada Sari
 Tadeusz Szeligowski
 Karol Szymanowski
 Józef Turczyński
 Kazimierz Wiłkomirski
 Stanisław Wisłocki
 Władysław Żeleński

Notable students

 Kari Amirian
 Grażyna Bacewicz
 Thomas Böttger
 Elisabeth Chojnacka
 Frédéric Chopin
 Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
 Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński
 Marian Filar
 Grzegorz Fitelberg
 Mieczysław Karłowicz
 Stefan Kisielewski
 Paweł Klecki
 Tomasz Konieczny
 Hilary Koprowski
 Bernard Ładysz
 Wanda Landowska
 Jerzy Lefeld
 Maciej Łukaszczyk
 Witold Lutosławski
 Jan Maklakiewicz
 Maciej Małecki
 Zygmunt Noskowski
 Jakub Józef Orliński
 Ignacy Jan Paderewski
 Andrzej Panufnik
 Olha Pasichnyk
 Piotr Perkowski
 Sergiusz Pinkwart
 Hania Rani
 Ludomir Różycki
 Sanah
 Antoni Szalowski
 Stanisław Szpinalski
 Adam Sztaba
 Tomasz Szukalski
 Alexandre Tansman
 Piotr Tomaszewski
 Zbigniew Turski
 Eugenia Umińska
 Moshe Vilenski
 Małgorzata Walewska
 Mieczysław Weinberg
 Kazimierz Wiłkomirski
 Roger Woodward

Competitions
The University organizes the following music competitions:
 the Tadeusz Wronski International Solo Violin Competition (Międzynarodowy Konkurs T. Wrońskiego na Skrzypce Solo)
 an International Organ Competition (Międzynarodowy Konkurs Organowy)
 the Wanda Landowska Harpsichord Competition (Międzynarodowy Konkurs Klawesynowy im. W. Landowskiej)
 the Witold Lutoslawski International Cello Competition (Międzynarodowy Konkurs Wiolonczelowy im. W. Lutosławskiego)

Orchestras
The University has two orchestras: a symphony orchestra, and the Chopin University Orchestra, as well as a choir.

Notes
a  Since at that time the Warsaw Conservatory was affiliated with  Warsaw University's Art Department, Chopin is also counted among the University's alumni.

Citations

References
  Home page
  Akademia Muzyczna w Warszawie, Encyklopedia WIEM

University of Music
Buildings and structures completed in 1966
Educational institutions established in 1810
Music schools in Poland
Universities and colleges in Warsaw

1810 establishments in Poland


AgDay is a syndicated daily half-hour television program presented in magazine format focusing on agriculture news, agribusiness, and country living.  It generally airs in early morning timeslots on stations throughout the country and also airs weekday mornings on the digital cable and satellite channel RFD-TV. It is taped at WNDU studios in South Bend, Indiana. It is hosted and produced by Clinton Griffiths.

Clinton Griffiths has been the news anchor of AgDay TV since 2010. He also serves as editor of Farm Journal, the premiere publication for U.S. agriculture. Clinton grew up in Southern New Mexico as a 10 year 4-H member, chapter FFA President and Star State Farmer. He was recently named the prestigious NAFB Farm Broadcaster of the Year.

Background
AgDay debuted on August 16, 1982. Hosted by Wayne Jenkins (WTHI-AM/FM/TV) and Bob Jenkins (ESPN), the half hour ag-report featured a national news segment, "The Helming Report" (a market segment), "Money Matters" with Jim Wilson, CPA (a financial segment), and the morning "AccuWeather Forecast Farm Weather Report" with meteorologists Terry Kelley, and Mike Nelson. The show was taped in the studios of WTHI-TV in Terre Haute, Indiana, and broadcast from the uplink facilities at WISH-TV, Indianapolis, Indiana, via video tape.  In the show's early years, the show had a Space Age theme, using fonts, logos and graphics associated with space age and/or science fiction themes, to reflect the show's emphasis on its satellite distribution and futuristic focus.  AgDay would move away from these themes in the late 1980s.

The original anchor team Wayne and Bob Jenkins, were not related. Wayne a long time farm director and weatherman for WTHI-TV, would later give the weather reports as the show evolved. Bob Jenkins was the farm director for Indianapolis radio station WIRE, and was a broadcaster on the fledgling cable network ESPN, while also working for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network. The anchor team was supported by reporters Jayne Dula, Ralph Seely, Bill Pemble (USDA) and Craig Maurer (Washington, D.C., bureau chief); producer Al Dowbnia; director Jay Strasser; coordinating producer Jim Berry; field producer Heidi Gutman; additional meteorological support from Valarie Jones and Barbara Robertson; production manager Rod Garvin; production assistants Shawn Terrell, Don Green and Kevin Badeaux; camera operators Bob Baskerville and Lucie Horst; graphics Lonnie Bailey; audio Bart Pearson and John Matthews; and secretarial support by Lynn Shanks and Julie Mounts. It was originally the property of Creative Farm Media and Creative Media Productions, and was controlled by executive producers Gerald Badeaux and Neal Nussbaum.

In December 1982 the show moved its office and production to Indianapolis, producing and up-linking AgDay from the studios of WFYI TV. From their new offices at Keystone at the Crossing, it launched into covering the agriculture around the world, traveling to Canada, Rome, Brussels, Paris, and Hong Kong to bring US viewers international developments in key farm issues of the day. It also relied on a network of stringer reporters and videographers to gather news from across the US. As Bob Jenkins slowly moved away from farm broadcasting to concentrate on motor-sports coverage for ESPN and to anchor "Speedweek", reporter Brian Baxter replaced him as the co-anchor, with Bob Jenkins appearing from time to time as his ESPN schedule would allow. Jayne Dula also departed and was replaced with Kathy Shew and Lisa Jackson.

AgDay changed production facilities several more times as the staff evolved. Jim Berry, Shawn Terrell and later Brian Baxter would serve as the show's producer. AgDay's production moved to Nova Production Studios, then to WPDS (later becoming WXIN), and eventually back to WFYI Television. A bankruptcy eventually forced the split and sale of assets.  This put the program back under the control of Neal Nussbaum, who decided to re-locate the production to WLFI-TV in Lafayette, Indiana.  At that point, the remaining Ag Day staff, including anchors Wayne Jenkins and Brian Baxter, remained at WFYI to create and produce a new syndicated program called the "Morning Ag Report".  Following the stint at WLFI-TV, with Garth Clark anchoring the show, the "AgDay" production was again moved, this time to South Bend's WNDU with entirely new staff and on air-talent, with one key exception: former production assistant Don Green returned after leaving the show at the time of its initial move to Indianapolis, to produce the new-look show, featuring Al Pell. AgDay has been based at WNDU ever since, with their weather department providing the forecasts seen on the show. Mike Hoffman served as the show's chief meteorologist beginning in 2001; in 2021, following a transition period, Hoffman retired and was succeeded by Matt Engelbrecht, who left shortly thereafter as Matt Yarosweick took over as full time meteorologist in early 2022.

Publisher Farm Journal Media acquired AgDay in 1998, merging production with its own weekly farm newsmagazine U.S. Farm Report under its ownership.

The show is distributed on RFD TV and through a network of broadcast stations.

Format
The first segment consists of daily news information related to farm policy as well as producer and consumer news, usually including a brief teaser of weather.

The second segment is devoted to agribusiness, and contains market news as well as a market discussion between Griffiths and a professional involved in agriculture marketing and trading.  Tuesday's shows also contain a cotton report from the National Cotton Council.

A weather forecast occupies the middle segment, led by meteorologist Matt Yarosweick. The report focuses on drought conditions as well as precipitation estimates, and also includes daily temperatures and a look at the jet stream for the week ahead.  Monday's weather also includes a 30-day outlook for temperatures and precipitation.  The segment concludes with daily forecasts for three random small towns each day.

The fourth segment is "In The Country".  This features a report often from either colleges of agriculture or government agencies on programs or events and human interest stories occurring throughout farm country.

The final segment varies from day-to-day.  Monday, Wednesday, and Friday's shows contain "Ag For Your Health", a report on a health breakthrough or results of a study.  This report is often produced from the Ohio State University hospital system.  Tuesday's show contains "Ag on the Net", a visual tour of a website related to farming, nutrition, health, etc.  Thursday's show contains a garden report, often "Gardening In the Zone" produced at Iowa State University.

On selected holidays such as Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day, special AgDay programs will air, highlighting features and holiday-related stories from farm country.  The Thanksgiving special is known as "Harvest of Thanks", and the Christmas special is titled "Christmas in the Country."

AgDay is the sister program of U.S. Farm Report, a weekly farm program also produced at WNDU.   Pell and Hoffman also appear in this show along with host Tyne Morgan, who in turn reports for AgDay.

AgDay episodes are available free of charge via the Internet, through their own website on demand and by way of the live video streams of select affiliates.

External links
Official website

Agriculture in the United States
Environmental television
1982 American television series debuts
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
RFD-TV original programming


The following is a list of the mapped bedrock units in Pennsylvania. The rocks are listed in stratigraphic order.

Note: Some of the Formations are laterally equivalent in age. They are listed in order from West to East in this case.

References

See also
Geology of Pennsylvania


Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 1 in C major, K. 279 / 189d (1774), is a piano sonata in three movements. It was written down, except for the first part of the opening movement, during the visit Mozart paid to Munich for the production of La finta giardiniera from late 1774 to the beginning of the following March. It is the first of his 18 piano sonatas. A typical performance of the sonata takes about 14 minutes.

Movements
The sonata is in 3 movements:

I. Allegro

The first movement, marked Allegro, is structured in sonata form; the exposition opens with a turning figure for the left hand, which forms the basis for much of this movement. After a repeat of the opening 2 bars, an Alberti bass is introduced for the left hand, whilst the right hand plays the melody based on the opening turning figure. The opening section uses chromatic appogiaturas for colour. An imperfect cadence leads towards the dominant (G major) in preparation for the 2nd subject, as expected. The second subject focuses on rapid scales and leads to a perfect cadence in G major, ready for the development section. The exposition is repeated, which is standard for sonata form. The development begins in G minor uses the opening theme to follow a series of ascending arpeggios in several keys before moving towards G major and then back to the tonic, C major, for the recapitulation. The recapitulation follows a similar structure to the exposition, although the imperfect cadence that led to the dominant previously now leads to the final 10 bars of the exposition, this time in the tonic key. The first movement ends with a perfect cadence and a three bar elaboration on the tonic with an inverted c major chord.

II. Andante

The Andante is full of expressive shading, the result of Mozart's harmonic freedom. This movement is based in F major, the subdominant of the whole work's tonal home and is structured in sonata form. By the end of the exposition, Mozart has modulated to the dominant, C major and begins the development in this key. The work then quickly makes temporary transitions through G and D minor, in order to move back to the tonic for the recapitulation, which follows the exposition closely.

III. Allegro

The Allegro is in  time, and is based in C major. This features an unusually active part for the left hand, another extended development section, and a surprising close: Mozart rounds the sonata off with two firm chords, which he marks Coda.

References

External links

  (Alte Mozart-Ausgabe version)

Piano Sonata 01
Compositions in C major
1774 compositions


Sanga cattle is the collective name for indigenous cattle of sub-Saharan Africa. They are sometimes identified as a subspecies with the scientific name Bos taurus africanus. Their history of domestication and their origins in relation to taurine cattle, zebu cattle, and native African varieties of the ancestral aurochs are a matter of debate.

Origins and classification

Near Eastern Introduction of Domesticated Cattle Into Africa

The timeline for their history is the subject of extensive debate. A combination of genetic studies with archaeological research, including cultural history, has clarified the question of the complex origin of African cattle in recent years. Thus African cattle descend firstly from an aurochs domesticated in the Near East. After their introduction to Egypt, about eight thousand years ago, they spread all over the Sahara which was then still green, up to West Africa. The north African pastoralists interbred their domestic cattle with wild African Aurochs of various regional races, both in the paternal and maternal lines over a long time, which is reflected in the genetic distinctness of African cattle from both European / near Eastern and from Indian Zebu cattle. Hereby special adaptations to the African climate and conditions were introduced, that characterise African cattle - both those deriving solely from Aurochs and the Sanga cattle with their Zebu admixture. Morphological features of early African cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns, are depicted on murals of Ancient Egypt. Some authors date the first Sanga cattle, which originated through by crossing in of Zebu bulls in northeast and east Africa, from 1600 BCE onward. They are distinguished by having small cervicothoracic humps, that are typical for (wild) Aurochs, instead of the high thoracic humps which characterize the Zebu.

Rather than the domesticating of cattle happening in the region of the Tadrart Acacus, it is considered more likely that domesticated cattle were introduced to the region. Cattle are thought to not have entered Africa independently, but rather, are thought to have been brought into Africa by cattle pastoralists. By the end of the 8th millennium BP, domesticated cattle are thought to have been brought into the Central Sahara. The Central Sahara (e.g., Tin Hanakaten, Tin Torha, Uan Muhuggiag, Uan Tabu) was a major intermediary area for the distribution of domesticated animals from the Eastern Sahara to the Western Sahara.

Based on cattle remains near the Nile dated to 9000 BP and cattle remains near Nabta Playa and Bir Kiseiba reliably dated to 7750 BP, domesticated cattle may have appeared earlier, near the Nile, and then expanded to the western region of the Sahara. Though undomesticated aurochs are shown, via archaeological evidence and rock art, to have dwelled in Northeast Africa, aurochs are thought to have been independently domesticated in India and the Near East. After aurochs were domesticated in the Near East, cattle pastoralists may have migrated, along with domesticated aurochs, through the Nile Valley and, by 8000 BP, through Wadi Howar, into the Central Sahara.

The mitochondrial divergence of undomesticated Indian cattle, European cattle, and African cattle (Bos  primigenius) from one another in 25,000 BP is viewed as evidence supporting the conclusion that cattle may have been domesticated in Northeast Africa, particularly, the eastern region of the Sahara, between 10,000 BP and 8000 BP. Cattle (Bos) remains may date as early as 9000 BP in Bir Kiseiba and Nabta Playa. While the mitochondrial divergence between Eurasian and African cattle in 25,000 BP can be viewed as supportive evidence for cattle being independently domesticated in Africa, introgression from undomesticated African cattle in Eurasian cattle may provide an alternative interpretation of this evidence.

Independent Domestication of African Cattle In Africa

These cattle originated in East Africa, probably the western shores of Lake Victoria, and have spread down the river Nile (i.e. northwards), with depictions on Ancient Egyptian murals. Sanga are an intermediate type, probably formed by hybridizing the indigenous humpless cattle with Zebu cattle. However, archaeological evidence indicates this cattle type was domesticated independently in Africa, and bloodlines of taurine and zebu cattle were introduced only within the last few hundred years.

The time and location for when and where cattle were domesticated in Africa remains to be resolved.

Osypińska (2021) indicates that an "archaeozoological discovery made at Affad turned out to be of great importance for the entire history of cattle on the African continent. A large skull fragment and a nearly complete horn core of an auroch, a wild ancestor of domestic cattle, were discovered at sites dating back 50,000 years and associated with the MSA. These are the oldest remains of the auroch in Sudan, and they also mark the southernmost range of this species in the world. Based on the cattle (Bos) remains found at Affad and Letti, Osypiński (2022) indicates that it is "justified to raise again the issue of the origin of cattle in Northeast Africa. The idea of domestic cattle in Africa coming from the Fertile Crescent exclusively is now seen as having serious shortcomings."

Indian humped cattle (Bos indicus) and North African/Middle Eastern taurine cattle (Bos taurus) are commonly assumed to have admixed with one another, resulting in Sanga cattle as their offspring. Rather than accept the common assumption, admixture with taurine and humped cattle is viewed as having likely occurred within the last few hundred years, and Sanga cattle are viewed as having originated from among African cattle within Africa. Regarding possible origin scenarios for Sub-Saharan African Sanga cattle, domesticated taurine cattle were introduced into North Africa, admixed with undomesticated African cattle (Bos primigenius opisthonomous), resulting in offspring (the oldest being the Egyptian/Sudanese longhorn, some to all of which are viewed as Sanga cattle), or more likely, domesticated African cattle originated in Africa (including Egyptian longhorn), and became regionally diversified (e.g., taurine cattle in North Africa, zebu cattle in East Africa).

The managing of Barbary sheep may be viewed as parallel evidence for the domestication of amid the early period of the Holocene. Near Nabta Playa, in the Western Desert, between 11th millennium cal BP and 10th millennium cal BP, semi-sedentary African hunter-gatherers may have independently domesticated African cattle as a form of reliable food source and as a short-term adaptation to the dry period of the Green Sahara, which resulted in a limited availability of edible flora. African Bos primigenius fossils, which have been dated between 11th millennium cal BP and 10th millennium cal BP, have been found at Bir Kiseiba and Nabta Playa.

In the Western Desert, at the E-75-6 archaeological site, amid 10th millennium cal BP and 9th millennium cal BP, African pastoralists may have managed North African cattle (Bos primigenius) and continually used the watering basin and well and as water source. In the northern region of Sudan, at El Barga, cattle fossils found in a human burial serve as supportive evidence for cattle being in the area.

While this does not negate that it is possible for cattle from the Near East to have migrated into Africa, a greater number of African cattle in the same area share the T1 mitochondrial haplogroup and atypical haplotypes than in other areas, which provides support for Africans independently domesticating African cattle. Based on a small sample size (SNPs from sequences of whole genomes), African cattle split early from European cattle (Taurine). African cattle, bearing the Y2 haplogroup, form a sub-group within the overall group of taurine cattle. As a Near Eastern origin of African cattle requires a conceptual bottleneck to sustain the view, the diverseness of the Y2 haplogroup and T1 haplogroup do not support the view of a bottleneck having occurred, and thus, does not support a Near Eastern origin for African cattle. Altogether, these forms of genetic evidence provide the strongest support for Africans independently domesticating African cattle.

Breeds of Sanga cattle

Pure Sanga cattle

Sanga cattle (Bos taurus africanus x Bos indicus)
 Anugak
 Raya Azebo
 Abigar
 Afrikaner
 Aliab Dinka
 Ankole (Original African type)
 Drakensberger cattle
 Nguni
 Red Fulani
 Tuli
 Tswana
 White Fulani cattle
 Borgou
 Keteku
 Méré cattle
 Ghana Sanga
 Diali
 Biu
 Humpless Shorthorns

Zenga cattle

Zenga = (Zebu x Sanga)
 Afar cattle
 Arado (of Ethiopia)
 Fogera (of Ethiopia)
 Horro (of Ethiopia)
 Jiddu (southern Somalia)
 Alur, also called Nioka (Nyoka) or
Blukwa cattle (Democratic Republic of Congo);
 Nganda (Uganda)
 Sukuma (Tanzania)
 Tete (Mozambique)

Composite cattle breeds

(Bos taurus africanus x Bos indicus X Bos taurus europaeus)

 Ankole-Watusi (Modern American breed) developed by crossing in of European cattle.
 Bonsmara (A breed developed in the 1940s in South Africa by using five-eighths Afrikaner or 62,5% African Bos Taurus)
 Rana and Renitelo of Madagascar
  Mpwapwa of Tanzania

Pure African taurus cattle

(Bos taurus taurus × Bos primigenius africanus)
 N'dama
 Kuri cattle
 Lagune or Dahomey cattle
 Ghana shorthorn and Ghana dwarf shorthorn
 Baoule cattle
 Somba cattle
 Kapsiki cattle
 Namchi cattle
 Bakosi cattle
 Muturu cattle
 Forest or Dwarf Muturu (Liberian Dwarf Muturu, Ghanaian Dwarf Muturu, Nigerian Dwarf Muturu)
 Savanna Muturu
 Humpless Shorthorns

Trypanotolerance in Sanga cattle

Trypanosomiasis poses a considerable constraint on livestock agricultural development in Tsetse fly infested areas of sub Saharan Africa, especially in west and central Africa. International research conducted by ILRI in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya has shown that the N'Dama is the most resistant breed. In Nigeria, research has shown that N'Dama is up to 2-3x (or 25%) more resistant than Nguni cattle. And F1 N'Dama x Nguni 16.5% better than pure Nguni. While in Kenya research conducted by KALRO has shown a similarity with crossbreeding N'Dama x Boran cattle.

References

Cattle
Cattle breeds originating in Cameroon
Cattle breeds originating in Ethiopia
Cattle breeds originating in Kenya
Cattle breeds originating in Nigeria
Cattle breeds originating in South Africa
Cattle breeds originating in Zimbabwe


Hans-Jürgen Kurrat (born 7 July 1944 in Dortmund) is a retired German football striker.

His brother, Dieter, was also a former footballer.

References

External links
Hans-Jürgen Kurrat at worldfootball.net

1944 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Borussia Dortmund players
Rot-Weiss Essen players
Arminia Bielefeld players
Footballers from Dortmund
FC Viktoria Köln players
FC Gütersloh players
Bundesliga players
Hammer SpVg players
Men's association football forwards
West German men's footballers


Caveolin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae, small invaginations of the plasma membrane, and is involved in essential cellular functions, including signal transduction, lipid metabolism, cellular growth control and apoptosis. This protein may function as a tumor suppressor.  The CAV1 and CAV2 genes are located next to each other on chromosome 7 and express colocalizing proteins that form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex, which can be disrupted by Src-mediated phosphorylation of tyrosine 19 on caveolin-2. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. By using alternative initiation codons in the same reading frame, two isoforms (alpha and beta) are encoded by one transcript.

Interactions
Caveolin 2 has been shown to interact with Caveolin 1 and RAS p21 protein activator 1.

References

Further reading


Eleanor Henrietta Hull also known as Eibhlín Ní Choill (15 January 1860 – 13 January 1935) was a writer, journalist and scholar of Old Irish.

Life and family
Hull was born on 15 January 1860 in Manchester, England. Her father, Edward Hull, was from County Antrim, and her mother, Catherine Henrietta Hull (née Cooke), was from Cheltenham. Hull had 3 sisters and 2 brothers. Hull's paternal grandfather, John Dawson Hull, was a Protestant minister and a poet. Whilst in Manchester, the family lives at 147 York Street, Cheetham. The family moved to Dublin while Hull was a child. She was likely educated at home before attending Alexandra College, Dublin from 1877 to 1882. She attended courses on electricity, power and light during the summer of 1879 at the Royal College of Science, Dublin.

She died at her home, 3 Camp View, Wimbledon Common on 13 January 1935. Her funeral took place at the chapel of Wimbledon cemetery, Gap Road.

Career
In her early thirties, Hull moved to London where she met Standish Hayes O'Grady. O'Grady taught Hull Irish and encouraged her to take up Celtic studies. She went on to study under Holger Pedersen, Kuno Meyer, and Robin Flower. She became a member of both the Gaelic League and Irish Literary Society, going on to be elected president of the Irish Literary Society on 29 March 1915.

On 26 April 1898 she was a co-founder of the Irish Texts Society for the publication of early manuscripts. Douglas Hyde was President, Frederick York Powell was Chairman, and Norma Borthwick and Hull were the secretaries. Hull was honorary secretary for nearly thirty years. She sat on the council of The Folklore Society, served as secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, and was a member of the Viking Club. In 1931 she was awarded a D.Litt. honoris causa by the National University of Ireland.

With Lionel Johnson, Hull was the editor of The Irish Home Reading Magazine. Her first publication in this magazine was in May 1894, "The fate of the Children of Lir". She published books from 1898 to 1929, though her treatment of Irish sources was criticised by Séamus Ó Duilearga. Her work was also published in a number of literary newspapers and journals, such as Celtic Review, Literary World, Folklore Journal, The Saga Book of the Viking Club and The New Ireland Review. She served as editor to the Lives of the Celtic Saints series, and regularly wrote reviews for The Times.

She wrote the English versification for the Irish hymn "Rop tú mo baile" in 1912, known as the hymn Be Thou My Vision. Hull also played the organ. Sgéalta Thomáis Uí Chathasaigh, a special volume from the Irish Texts Society, was dedicated to Hull.

Published works

Her published works include:

 , 2 volumes

References

Further reading

External links

1860 births
1935 deaths
Anglican poets
Celtic studies scholars
British writers
Irish Anglicans
Irish folklorists
Irish women folklorists
Irish journalists
English journalists
Irish women journalists
English women journalists
People educated at Alexandra College
British women hymnwriters


Werner Heilig (20 October 1921 – 29 January 1987) was a German footballer.

He played for Eintracht Frankfurt from 1939 to 1957.

Honours
 Oberliga Süd: 1952–53; runners-up 1953–54

References

 Werner Heilig at eintracht-archiv.de

1921 births
1987 deaths
German men's footballers
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Men's association football midfielders
Place of birth missing


The following is a list of '''infantry equipment of the People's Liberation Army of China'.

Pistols
 QSZ-11 - 5.8×21mm compact pistol
 QSZ-92 - 9 mm and 5.8 mm pistol (in service-main)
 QSZ-193 - 9 mm compact pistol
 QX-04 - modular designed pistol
 QSW-06 - 5.8 mm silenced pistol, replacing the Type 67 silenced pistol (in service)
 Type 84 - 7.62 mm small pistol for security and police forces (in service)
 Type 77 - 7.62 mm pistol for People's Armed Police and People's Police (in service)
 Type 67 - 7.62 mm silenced pistol
 Type 64 - 7.62 mm semi-automatic pistol, first firearm to be indigenously developed by the People's Republic of China. Withdrawn from army but in service with the People's Armed Police and People's Police (retired from service)

Submachine guns
 QCQ-171 - 9 mm submachine gun
 CF-05 - 9 mm submachine gun
 QCW-05 - 5.8 mm suppressed submachine gun
 Type 82 - 9 mm submachine gun (Chinese copy of Polish PM-63 RAK)
 Type 85 - 7.62 mm simplified and suppressed Type 79 submachine gun
 Type 79 - 7.62 mm submachine gun (in service with airborne and special forces troops)
 Type 64 - 7.62 mm suppressed low flash submachine gun

Rifles

 QBZ-191 - 5.8 mm assault rifle
 QBZ-95 - 5.8 mm bullpup assault rifle
 QTS-11 - 5.8 mm assault rifle with integrated airburst grenade launcher (in limited service)
 QBZ-03 - 5.8 mm assault rifle
 Type 86 - 7.62 mm bullpup assault rifle (not in service)
 Type 87 - 5.8 mm assault rifle, using similar design to the Type 81 (not in service)
 Type 81 - 7.62 mm assault rifle (in service with reserves and militia)
 Type 63 - 7.62 mm assault rifle
 Type 56- 7.62 mm assault rifle, Chinese derivative of the AK-47 (phased out)

Machine guns

 QJB-191 - 5.8 mm light support weapon (LSW)
 QJS-161 - 5.8 mm light machine gun (LMG)
 QJY-201 - 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun (GPMG)
 QJZ-171 - 12.7 mm lightweight heavy machine gun (HMG)
 QBB-95 - 5.8 mm light support weapon (LSW)
 QJY-88 - 5.8 mm light machine gun, replacing Type 67 general-purpose machine gun
 Type 80 - 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun (derivative of the Soviet PKM)
 Type 67 - 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, replacing the Type 53 (SG43) and Type 57 (SGM) 7.62 mm general-purpose machine guns

Sniper rifles

 QBU-191 - 5.8×42mm selective fire designated marksman rifle (DMR)
 QBU-203 - 7.62×51mm bolt action sniper rifle
 QBU-202 - 8.6×70mm bolt action sniper rifle
 QBU-201 - 12.7×108mm bolt action anti-materiel sniper rifle
 QBU-10 - 12.7×108mm semi-automatic anti-materiel sniper rifle
 AMR-2 - 12.7×108mm bolt action anti-materiel sniper rifle
 W-03
 JS 7.62 - 7.62×54mmR sniper rifle (in limited service)
 QBU-88 - 5.8×42mm bullpup designated marksman rifle (in service)
 CS/LR4 - 7.62×51mm sniper rifle (in service)
 CS/LR3 - 5.8×42mm sniper rifle (in service)
 Type 85 - 7.62×54mmR sniper rifle updated from the Type 79 (in limited service)
 Type 79 - 7.62×54mmR sniper rifle, derivative of Soviet Dragunov (in service)

Shoulder-launched weapons
 FN-6 - MANPADS
 HN-5 - MANPADS
 HJ-12 - shoulder-launched anti-tank missile system
 DZJ-08 - multi-purpose recoilless gun specialized for combat in urban area and confined space, replacing PF-89 and Type 69 RPG
 PF-98 - 120 mm anti-tank rocket launcher
 PF-97 - 80 mm fuel air explosive rocket launcher
 PF-89 - 80 mm lightweight anti-tank rocket launcher, replacing the Type 69-1 RPG
 FHJ-84 - 2 × 62 mm rocket launcher
 Type 79
 Type 69 RPG - 40 mm RPG launcher, derivative of RPG-7

Automatic grenade launchers
 QLU-11 - 35x32 mm semi-automatic grenade sniper
 LG-1
 LG-2
 LG-3
 QLT-89
 QLB-06 - improved variant of QLZ-87
 QLZ-04 - automatic grenade launcher for squad fire support. Can be mounted on the tripod or vehicles.
 QLZ-87 - standard fire support grenade launcher of PLAGF for individual usage.

Grenades
 35 mm grenade - 35 mm Chinese grenades
 Type 90 - 40 mm
 Type 69 - 40 mm

Hand grenades
 Type 18
 FSL02 smoke grenade. The grenade weights 750 grams, and has a length of 140mm with a diameter of 65mm. Duration is 2 minutes at 2-5m/s wind speed. The body has pale green color with white or black band indicating the color of smoke (white/black). The smoke grenade went in service in 1995, replacing FSL01 smoke grande that has been in service since 1963.
 WY-91
 Type 86
 Type 82-2
 Type 79
 Type 77-1
 Type 59, derivative of the Soviet RGD-5

Mortars
 Type 86 - 120 mm
 Type 89 - 100 mm
 Type 80 - 100 mm
 W-99 - 82 mm
 Type 87 - 82 mm
 Type 84 - 82 mm
 Type 90 - 60 mm
 Type 93 - 60 mm

Flamethrowers
 Type 74
 Type 58

Infantry operated anti-aircraft guns
 QJG-02 - 14.5 mm  heavy machine gun
 QJZ-89 - 12.7 mm lightweight heavy machine gun
 QJC-88 - 12.7 mm vehicle-mounted machine gun
 Type 77/Type 85 - 12.7 mm emplacement machine gun
 Type 85 - 23 mm double barrel air defense cannon
 Type 80 - 23 mm double barrel air defense cannon
 Type 74 - 37 mm double barrel air defense cannon
 Type 72 - 85 mm air defense cannon
 Type 71 - 30 mm air defense cannon
 Type 59 - 57 mm air defense cannon
 Type 58 - 2 X 14.5 mm
 Type 54 - 12.7 mm

See also
 People's Liberation Army
 People's Liberation Army Ground Force

References

Weapons of the People's Republic of China
People's Liberation Army


Alakamisy may refer to either to the following towns in central Madagascar:

  Alakamisy, Antananarivo - a village in  Analamanga, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy, Antsirabe II - a village in Antsirabe II District,  Vakinankaratra, Madagascar
 Alakamisy, Fianarantsoa  - a village in Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy Marososona in Vakinankaratra, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy Anativato in Vakinankaratra, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy Itenina - a village in Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy Ambohimaha - a village in  Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar.
 Alakamisy Ambohimahazo a village in  Amoron'i Mania Region, Madagascar.

*


The Saint Francis School District is a public school district in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  The district serves the city of St. Francis, Wisconsin. As of the 2015–16 school year, the district had approximately 1190 enrolled students. The district administrator is Blake Peuse.

Schools
St. Francis High School, 4225 S. Lake Drive
Deer Creek Intermediate School, 3680 S. Kinnickinnic Ave.
Willow Glen Primary School, 2600 E. Bolivar Ave.

Mergers

Deer Creek Elementary School was formed as a result of the merger of Thompson and Faircrest Schools in 1992. In 2005, Willow Glen Elementary School was converted into a primary school serving students in kindergarten through third grade, with an intermediate school at the Deer Creek site serving fourth through eighth grades.

External links
St. Francis School District

School districts in Wisconsin
Education in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin


Yervant Harry Babasin, Jr. (19 March 1921 – 21 May 1988) was an American jazz bassist. His nickname was "The Bear".

Biography
Babasin was born in Dallas, Texas to an American mother and an Armenian father. He attended North Texas State University, one of many noted jazz alumni from the school. Among them were Jimmy Giuffre, with whom Babasin played in Bill Ware's orchestra around 1940, and Herb Ellis, who played with Babasin in the Charlie Fisk Orchestra starting in 1942. Fisk actually fired his rhythm section after hearing Ellis and Babasin play, and after he was admitted, Babasin quit school to go on tour with Fisk. He also toured in the 1940s with Jimmy Joy, Bob Strong, Billie Rogers, Gene Krupa, Charlie Barnet, Boyd Raeburn, Benny Goodman, Woody Herman, Frank DeVol, and Jerry Gray. He also appeared in A Song Is Born, one of many jazz stars to play roles in the film. On the set of the film, he met Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida, and the two began jamming together; along with Roy Harte and Bud Shank, their quartet was an early experiment blending Brazilian music and jazz. Their 1954 10" discs are predecessors to the bossa nova explosion of the late 1950s and early 1960s.
In 1947, he recorded the first cello solos known in jazz music, with the Dodo Marmarosa Trio. In order to do so, he tuned his strings in fourths. In later cello ensembles he added a bass player. He and Oscar Pettiford did a session together with two cellos. In the mid-1950s, he put together his own ensemble, Harry Babasin & the Jazzpickers, who played regularly at the Purple Onion in Hollywood; this ensemble released three albums. One recording of note was made in 1952 at the Tradewinds nightclub in Inglewood. It features Charlie Parker, Chet Baker, Sonny Criss, Al Haig, Larance Marable, and Harry, in one of Bird's few West Coast appearances.

His career cooled in the 1960s, returning to work with Charlie Barnet and supporting Bob Hope on USO tours. In the 1970s he and Harte initiated the Los Angeles Theaseum, a jazz archive and preservation society. Some of the recordings preserved through this effort were released on the Jazz Chronicles label.

Babasin's last tour was given in 1985 with John Banister on piano. Babasin died of emphysema in Los Angeles three years later, having participated in possibly as many as 1,500 recordings.

Discography
 1954: Jazz in Hollywood (Nocturne)
 1957: Harry Babasin and the Jazz Pickers (Mode)
 1957: Command Performance (EmArcy)
 1957: For Moderns Only (EmArcy)

With Laurindo Almeida
Laurindo Almeida Quartet Featuring Bud Shank (Pacific Jazz, 1953–54)

With Barney Kessel
Easy Like (Contemporary, 1953)

With Charlie Parker and Chet Baker
 Inglewood Jam (Jazz Chronicles, Fresh Sound, 1952)

With Pete Rugolo
Introducing Pete Rugolo (Columbia, 1954)
Adventures in Rhythm (Columbia, 1954)
Rugolomania (Columbia, 1955)
New Sounds by Pete Rugolo (Harmony, 1954–55, [1957])
With Bud Shank
Bud Shank - Shorty Rogers - Bill Perkins (Pacific Jazz, 1955)

See also
 Nocturne Records, co-founded by Babasin in 1954

References

[ Harry Babasin] at Allmusic
[ Harry Babasin & the Jazzpickers], Allmusic
 Harry Babasin bio with pictures

1921 births
1988 deaths
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
American jazz cellists
American male jazz musicians
American people of Armenian descent
University of North Texas College of Music alumni
20th-century American musicians
Jazz musicians from Texas
20th-century double-bassists
20th-century American male musicians
Earle Spencer Orchestra members
20th-century cellists


Alakamisy is a rurale commune in central Madagascar. It is situated in the Region Analamanga, in the Anjozorobe district.
It has a population of in 4,234 in 2018.

Nearby villages include Tsarasaotra, Anjozorobe (2.1 miles),  Ambohitratampona (1.0 nm), Antranomay (2.2 nm), Mandotohana (4.8 nm), Analalava, Anjozorobe (1.4 nm), Ankaifotsy (1.4 nm) and Vodivato (3.0 nm).

Rivers
The commune is crossed by the Mananara river (Nord) and is bordered in its East by the Sokafana.

References

Populated places in Analamanga


Automatic system recovery is a device or process that detects a computer failure and attempts recovery. The device may make use of a Watchdog timer. This may also refer to a Microsoft recovery technology by the same name.

External links
HP ProLiant, Blade - Automatic Server Recovery (ASR) archivied from original on archive.org
How does ASR (Automatic System Recovery) detect server hang?

Embedded systems


Bittersweet Symphony is the seventh album by Jade Valerie formerly of the band Sweetbox, and the second under her new stage name, Jade Valerie. It was released March 5, 2008 by Universal (Japan).

The album contained many ballad influences, and only two tracks contained famous classical pieces. The album also saw a departure from the widely varied sounds Jade has become known for, this time opting for many of the tracks to showcase a typical pop, dance, or ballad sound. It also, for the first time, featured a mainly piano-oriented track, as well as a guest writer for track, "We Can Run".

Track listing
All songs written by "Jade Valerie" Villalon and Robert "Geo" Rosan, except "We Can Run", co-written by Shoko Hase. Sample credits are in parentheses below.

 "Unbreakable" (based on Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven)
 "Like a Bird"
 "Out in the Sea" (samples "The Flower Duet" by Lakmé)
 "Razorman"
 "Living by Numbers"
 "The Last"
 "We Can Run"
 "Stuck with You"
 "Lucky Lady"
 "Piece of Love"
 "Always Mine"
 "Undone"
 "No, You Don't"
 "Empty Pages"

Singles
 Unbreakable

Chart positions
 Oricon International Charts - #13
 Oricon Charts - #59

References

External links
 Jade Valerie Official Site
 Jade Valerie Official Myspace

Jade Valerie albums
2008 albums


Longpont-sur-Orge (, literally Longpont on Orge) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

From 1954 to 1962, the villa in Longpont-sur-Orge owned by William and Noma Copley served as a social hub and a central gathering place in the postwar era for a community of Surrealists to reunite after their dispersal during the war. Among the artists who frequented the villa located at 27, rue du Docteur Darier were Man Ray, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp, Roland Penrose, Lee Miller, and British architect Maxwell Fry.

Brico Dépôt, a subsidiary of Kingfisher plc, has its head office in Longpont-sur-Orge.

Population
Inhabitants of Longpont-sur-Orge are known as Longipontains in French.

Education
The commune has the following primary school groups, or Groups of preschools (maternelles) and elementary schools: Groupe scolaire de Lormoy, Groupe scolaire des Échassons, Groupe scolaire Jean Ferrat (primary only). Two nearby secondary schools, Collège Jean Moulin (junior high school) and Lycée Léonard de Vinci are in nearby Saint-Michel-sur-Orge.

See also

Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Maisse () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Maisse are known as Maissois.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Marolles-en-Beauce (, literally Marolles in Beauce) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is 55 kilometres from the southwest end of Paris.

Inhabitants of Marolles-en-Beauce are known as Marollais.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Marolles-en-Hurepoix (, literally Marolles in Hurepoix) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Marolles-en-Hurepoix are known as Marollais in French.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website
Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Pistola is the last album by Willy DeVille, released on Mardi Gras day 2008 as a nod to DeVille's musical roots in New Orleans. The album was recorded in Los Angeles with Brian Ray, Lon Price, The Valentine Brothers, and other musicians who had played with DeVille for years. For this album, DeVille borrowed bassist Davey Faragher and drummer Pete Thomas from Elvis Costello's backup band, the Imposters (DeVille's band Mink DeVille toured with Elvis Costello in 1978). John Philip Shenale produced the album, his fourth production effort for Willy DeVille.

Said DeVille about his choice of titles for the album: "I wanted (the album) to sound like those old cowboy movies ... Pis–to–la: the sound has that feel of the western, and something hot too. An exciting sound, just like what I hope the music will be for people."

Reviews

NME said about Pistola, "DeVille's louche fusion of rock 'n' roll, Tex-Mex and country styles has matured with age, and his most recent work is among the finest of his recording career."

Spin said that the album "sees (Willy DeVille) continue his successful partnership with producer John Philip Shenale. The new album finds him once again creating his unique mixture of rock, soul, R&B, blues and Cajun with articulate lyrics and Willy's distinctive vocal style."

Independent Music said about the album:
(Willy DeVille) ... has never been more artistically potent than on Pistola, confronting the demons of his past with an impressive lyrical honesty and unexpectedly diverse musical imagination. DeVille’s beloved New Orleans provides the touchstone for most of the album: the ex-addiction anthem "Been There Done That," for instance, is couched in infectious clavinet funk, while "You Got The World In Your Hands" sounds like Tom Waits covering Dr John's "Gris-Gris." Elsewhere, there are echoes of the Stones, Springsteen and "Spanish Harlem"—all this, and a great version of Paul Siebel's classic "Louise" too. Who would have thought it?

Leap in the Dark praised the album's bold originality: "Pistola is not the type of album you'd expect from as established a performer as Willy DeVille. Most people at his stage in their careers wouldn't be taking the risk of including pieces as unconventional as 'Mountains of Manhattan' and 'Stars that Speak,' but Willy has always marched to the beat of his own drummer. It's that willingness to take risks that keeps his music fresh and alive, and the ten songs on Pistola are no exception."

Andrew Carver said, "DeVille ... is one of those rare artists who seem to have dragged their prime years across the decades, and Pistola is another triumph of experience."

Other information
Critic Thom Jurek said about the song "The Stars that Speak,"This track succeeds in summing up DeVille’s entire mythology and professional persona in lyric form; it is read in his trademark smooth-whiskey-meets-cigarette-smoke voice. It reveals, just under the surface, not only the promise of dim lights, perfume, mystery, and sweat-stained sheets, but a figure whose most prominent feature is the outline of a human heart, cracked and broken over and again, who remains resolute in the notion that love prevails."

Track listing
Unless otherwise noted, all songs by Willy DeVille.
   "So So Real" – 4:16
 Willy DeVille on lead vocals, Josh Sklair on acoustic and electric guitars, Pete Thomas on drums and percussion, Davey Faragher on bass and background vocals, John Philip Shenale on piano and synth
   "Been There Done That" – 4:09
 Willy DeVille on lead vocals and background vocals; Josh Sklair on electric guitars; Pete Thomas on drums and percussion; Davey Faragher on bass; John Philip Shenale on clavinet, synths, and percussion; Lee Thornburg on trumpet;  Andrew Lippman on trombone
   "When I Get Home" – 3:21
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal; Brian Ray on acoustic guitar, twelve-string guitar, and strumstick; John Philip Shenale on Chamberlin and orchestra bell; Davey Faragher on background vocals
   "Louise" (Paul Siebel) – 3:54
 Willy DeVille on lead vocals, Brian Ray on acoustic and electric guitars, Pete Thomas on drums, Davey Faragher on bass and background vocals, John Philip Shenale on piano, Chris Lawrence on pedal steel guitar
   "The Band Played On" – 4:42
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal, Brian Ray on acoustic and electric guitars, Pete Thomas on drums,  Davey Faragher on bass, John Philip Shenale on piano and percussion, Lon Price on clarinet, Lee Thornburg on trumpet,  Andrew Lippman on trombone, Billy Valentine on background vocals, John Valentine on background vocals, Charles Valentino on background vocals
   "You Got the World in Your Hands" – 4:04
 Willy DeVille on lead vocals and background vocals; Josh Sklair on electric guitars; Pete Thomas on drums and percussion; Davey Faragher on bass; John Philip Shenale on Wurly, synths, and percussion; Amanda Dumas on background vocals; Marta Woodhull on background vocals
   "I Remember the First Time" – 4:08
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal; Josh Sklair on acoustic and electric guitars; Pete Thomas on drums and percussion; Davey Faragher on bass; John Philip Shenale on piano, synths, and percussion; Billy Valentine on background vocals; John Valentine on background vocals; Charles Valentino on background vocals
   "Stars that Speak" – 5:19
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal and slide guitar; John Philip Shenale on piano, Chamberlin, synths, and percussion
   "I'm Gonna Do Something the Devil Never Did" – 5:45
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal; Brian Ray on electric guitars; Pete Thomas on drums and percussion; Davey Faragher on bass; John Philip Shenale on fortepiano, synths, and percussion; Billy Valentine on background vocals; John Valentine on background vocals; Charles Valentino on background vocals
   "The Mountains of Manhattan" – 3:42
 Willy DeVille on lead vocal and wooden flute, Pete Thomas on percussion, John Philip Shenale on percussion

Personnel
 Willy DeVille – wooden flute, slide guitar, vocals
 Amanda Dumas – background vocals
 Davey Faragher – bass, background vocals
 Chris Lawrence – pedal steel guitar
 Andrew Lippman – trombone
 Lon Price – clarinet, saxophone
 Brian Ray – guitar, strumstick, twelve-string guitar
 John Philip Shenale – Chamberlin, clavinet, fortepiano, orchestra bell, percussion, piano, synthesizer, Wurlitzer
 Josh Sklair – guitar
 Pete Thomas – drums, percussion
 Lee Thornburg – trumpet
 The Valentine Brothers – background vocals
 Billy Valentine
 Charles Valentine
 Charles Valentino – background vocals
 Marta Woodhull – background vocals

Production
 John Carter – engineering, mixing
 William Coupon – photography
 Willy DeVille – producer
 Stuart Green – design
 Ron McMaster – mastering (Capitol Records, Hollywood)
 John Philip Shenale – arrangements, producer, engineering, mixing

References

2008 albums
Willy DeVille albums


Mauchamps () is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

Inhabitants of Mauchamps are known as Campusiens.

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Mayors of Essonne Association

Communes of Essonne


Zhou Weiqi (; born 1 October 1986) is a Chinese chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2008.

Career
Born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, Zhou has competed twice (2000, 2002) in the Chinese national team in the World Youth U16 Chess Olympiad with playing record of 19 games (+11, =3, −5).

In the 2008 Aeroflot Open (A2 group), he came second with a performance rating of 2703. In May 2008, he came joint first on points (8/11) and second on tie-break at the 2nd Philippine International Open in Subic Bay Freeport Zone.

At the 79th FIDE congress, held on 16–26 November 2008 in Dresden, Germany, his application for the grandmaster title was approved, making him the 26th grandmaster of China.

He gained his three norms required for the title at:
 2007 February Aeroflot Open Tournament A2 in Moscow; score 5.5/9
 2007 June China Men's Individual Championship in Chongqing; score 6.5/11
 2007 November 2 PGMA Cup Open in Manila; score 7.0/9

He qualified for the Chess World Cup 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk (20 November – 15 December) by coming equal first at the 8th Asian Continental Chess Championship (2009). He knocked out Emil Sutovsky in the first round to reach round two, where he lost to Gata Kamsky and thus was eliminated from the competition.

He came joint first on 7/9 points (+5=4–0; 2704 performance) and second on tiebreak at the 17th Chigorin Memorial, held from 14 to 25 October 2009 at Holiday Inn Moskovskie Vorota hotel in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

In 2010 Zhou Weiqi won the 7th IGB Dato' Arthur Tan Malaysia Open in Kuala Lumpur. In 2015 he won the Premier section of the Doeberl Cup in Canberra, Australia.

China Chess League
Zhou Weiqi plays for the Jiangsu chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).

References

External links

Zhou Weiqi chess games at 365Chess.com
Zhou Weiqi  at New In Chess
Zhou Wei Qi – National Youth Chess Championship first-place

1986 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess players from Jiangsu
Sportspeople from Changzhou


Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 2 in F major, K 280 / 189e, (1774) is a piano sonata in three movements. The work was written down along with other piano sonatas during the visit Mozart paid to Munich for the production of La finta giardiniera from late 1774 to the beginning of the following March. A typical performance of the sonata takes about 14 minutes.

Allegro assai

The first movement of the sonata is in sonata form, and consists of three themes of new material, a development, in which the themes from the exposition are varied and combined, and a recapitulation, in which the exposition is repeated and varied.
The sonata begins with the first theme of the exposition, which itself begins with a forte arpeggiated chord, followed by three thirds. The theme next contains a series of falling quarter notes over block chords and Alberti bass, rapid sixteenth notes, and falling fifths. The second theme consists of legato triplets in the right hand over octaves in the left. The theme is somewhat chromatic, with frequent accidentals. The third theme is mostly quarter and eighth notes with an irregular accompaniment. The exposition ends with a C major chord. The development and recapitulation follow, varying and combining these themes before restating them, as is normal in sonata form.

Adagio

The second movement of the sonata is an adagio in F minor. It is the only piano sonata by Mozart with a slow movement in a minor key. While not marked as such, the movement is a siciliana, which Mozart would later revisit in the slow movement of his A major piano concerto (K.488). The mood of this movement is mournful and tragic, with the opening somewhat resembling a funeral march. Estonian composer Arvo Pärt's 1992 (rev. 2005) piece Mozart's Adagio reimagined the music from this movement in a work for violin, cello and piano.

Presto

The sonata ends with a presto (sonata form) in F major. It is relatively short for a presto, taking between two and three minutes to play.

References

Sources

External links

  (Alte Mozart-Ausgabe version)
Recording played by Harvard Fellow Seda Röder

Piano Sonata 02
Compositions in F major
1774 compositions


Strand7 is a  Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software product developed by the company with the same name.

History

The Strand computer software was first developed by a group of academics from the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales. Further to this early research work, an independent company called G+D Computing was established in 1988 to develop an FEA program that could be used commercially for industrial applications. Between 1988 and 1996 the company researched, developed and marketed a series of DOS and Unix based FEA programs, most notably its STRAND6 program. In 1996 the company commenced work on a completely new software development specifically for the Windows platform. This product was first released in 2000 and was named Strand7. In 2005 the company also changed its name to Strand7 to better reflect its primary focus.

Application

Some high-profile applications of Strand7 include the optimisation of the "Water Cube" Beijing National Aquatics Center for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the "Runner" sculpture that was placed on top of Sydney Tower during the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the Terminal 2E roof, Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Analysis Capabilities

Strand7 is most commonly used for the construction and mechanical engineering sectors, but also has seen use in other areas of engineering including aeronautical, marine and mining.

Strand7 includes the following solvers:
 Linear static
 Natural frequency
 Buckling
 Nonlinear static
 Linear and nonlinear transient dynamic
 Spectral and harmonic response
 Linear and nonlinear steady-state heat transfer
 Linear and nonlinear transient heat transfer

References

External links
The Strand7 website

Finite element software


Méréville is a former commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Le Mérévillois. It contains the Château de Méréville, with its famous 1786 landscape park.

Inhabitants of Méréville are known as Mérévillois.

Geography

The river Juine flows northward through the eastern part of the commune and crosses the village.

See also

 Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

 Official website

Former communes of Essonne
Populated places disestablished in 2019


The Altus AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the Arkansas River Valley in Arkansas near the town of Altus in Franklin County.  The wine region is entirely contained within the Arkansas Mountain AVA, which is in turn contained within the larger multi-state Ozark Mountain AVA.  The Altus region is a plateau above the Arkansas River to the south and below the Boston Mountains to the north.  The soil is gravel and loam, with a high acidity.  Five wineries in the area produce nearly  of wine per year.

References

External links
  TTB AVA Map

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αE-catenin, also known as Catenin alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNA1 gene. αE-catenin is highly expressed in cardiac muscle and localizes to adherens junctions at intercalated disc structures where it functions to mediate the anchorage of actin filaments to the sarcolemma. αE-catenin also plays a role in tumor metastasis and skin cell function.

Structure
Human αE-catenin protein is 100.0 kDa and 906 amino acids. Catenins (α,β,and γ (also known as plakoglobin)) were originally identified in complex with E-cadherin, an epithelial cell adhesion protein. αE-catenin is highly expressed in cardiac muscle and is homologous to the protein vinculin; however, aside from vinculin, αE-catenin has no homology to established actin-binding proteins. The N-terminus of αE-catenin binds β-catenin or γ-catenin/plakoglobin, and the C-terminus binds actin directly or indirectly via vinculin or α-actinin.

Function
Though αE-catenin exhibits substantial expression in cardiac muscle, αE-catenin is most well known for role in metastasizing tumor cells. αE-catenin also plays a role in epithelial tissue, both at adherens junctions and in signaling pathways.

In cardiomyocytes, αE-catenin is present in cell to cell regions known as adherens junctions which lie within intercalated discs; these junctions anchor the actin cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma and provide strong cell adhesion.

Functional αE-catenin is required for normal embryonic development, as a mutation eliminating the C-terminal 1/3 of the protein resulting in a complete loss-of-function phenotype showed disruption of the trophoblast epithelium and arrested development at the blastocyst stage.

αE-catenin specifically, not β- or γ-catenin, binds F-actin and organizes and tethers the filaments at regions of cell-cell contact. Studies show that full-length αE-catenin binds and bundles F-actin in a superior fashion relative to individual N-terminal or C-terminal domains.

αE-catenin, along with β-catenin and plakoglobin form distinct complexes with N-cadherin that are involved in forming cell-cell contacts and differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Catenin-N-cadherin complexes are apparently necessary for and precede the first cell to cell contact, precursory to gap junction formation. The anchorage of cadherin-catenin complexes to actin filaments by αE-catenin is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.

Functional insights into αE-catenin function have come from studies employing transgenesis. Mice harboring a cardiac-specific deletion of αE-catenin exhibited abnormalities in cardiac dimensions and function, representative of dilated cardiomyopathy. This was further characterized by disorganization of intercalated disc structures and mitochondria, as well as compensatory increases in β-catenin and decreases in localization of cadherin and vinculin at intercalated discs. Knockout mice also exhibited high susceptibility to death following stress.

Clinical significance

Interactions

αE-catenin has been shown to interact with:

 APC,
 Beta-catenin,
 CDH1,
 CDH2,
 CDH3
 Plakoglobin,  and
 VE-cadherin.

See also
 Alpha-catenin

References

Further reading