Eutrochium maculatum,  the spotted joe-pyeweed, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread through much of the United States and Canada. It is the only species of the genus Eutrochium  found west of the Great Plains.

This herbaceous perennial sometimes grows as high as . Stems are sometimes completely purple, sometimes green with purple spots. One plant can produce numerous rose-purple flower heads in late summer, each head with  8-22 disc flowers but no ray flowers. The specific name maculatum, meaning spotted, refers to the purple spots on the stem.

Spotted joe-pyeweed thrives in marshes, rich fens and swamps. It also does well in man-made moist expanses such as ditches, seepage areas and wet fields. Above all else the plant flourishes in the non-shaded environments that are also abundant in wetlands.

It is a larval host to the Clymene moth, the eupatorium borer moth, the ruby tiger moth, and the three-lined flower moth. The plant also attracts butterflies and honeybees.

Varieties
The following varieties are known:
Eutrochium maculatum var. bruneri (A. Gray) E. E. Lamont - western Canada (British Columbia to Saskatchewan), western USA (Minnesota west to Idaho, south to Arizona + New Mexico)
Eutrochium maculatum var. foliosum (Fernald) E. E. Lamont - eastern Canada (Newfoundland to Ontario), northern USA (Maine to Minnesota)
Eutrochium maculatum var. maculatum - eastern Canada (Newfoundland to Ontario), eastern USA (Maine to Minnesota, south to northern Georgia)

Cultivars
The following cultivars are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (listed under the synonym Eupatorium maculatum):-
(Atropurpureum Group) 'Orchard Dene'
(Atropurpureum Group) 'Purple Bush'
(Atropurpureum Group) 'Riesenschirm'

References

maculatum
Flora of Canada
Flora of the United States
Flora of Ontario
Butterfly food plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Mark Paul Binstein (March 31, 1934 – March 9, 2007) was an American basketball general manager and coach.

Binstein replaced Marty Blake as general manager of the Pittsburgh Condors of the American Basketball Association during the 1970–1971 season.  Binstein initiated transactions that brought players Rich Johnson and Arvesta Kelly to the team for that season.  Binstein also attempted to bring future Hall of Fame player Connie Hawkins, who once played for the Pittsburgh franchise, back to the team.  (Hawkins at the time was playing for the Phoenix Suns of the NBA.)  The Condors finished the 1970–1971 season with 36 wins and 48 losses.

Following that season Binstein presided over a complete revamping of the Condors' logo, image and merchandising.  Binstein also sought to add All-American Howard Porter to the Condors' roster and the team entered litigation with the NBA's Chicago Bulls over Porter's status.  (Porter ended up with the Bulls.)

Ten games into the 1971–1972 season Binstein fired Condors head coach Jack McMahon and named himself head coach of the team while also continuing as general manager.  The Condors traded away Stew Johnson (to the Carolina Cougars) and Jimmy O'Brien (to the Kentucky Colonels) and finished the season with 25 wins and 59 losses.

External links

RememberTheABA.com page on Pittsburgh Condors, including Binstein's involvement with the franchise
Basketball-Reference.com page on Mark Binstein's coaching record

1934 births
2007 deaths
American Basketball Association executives
Pittsburgh Condors coaches
Pittsburgh Condors executives


Drumahoe () is a village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies to the east of Derry. It is home to Institute F.C., an NIFL Championship football club. The busy A6 road from Belfast to Derry passes through the townland. It is situated within Derry and Strabane district.

Demography
On Census Day 29 April 2001 the resident population of Drumahoe was 1,367. Of these:

 26.8% were under 16 years old and 11.2% were aged 60 and above
 50.0% of the population were male and 50.0% were female
 11.2% were from a Roman Catholic background and 85.7% were from a Protestant background
 3.5% of those aged 16–74 were unemployed

See also

List of villages in Northern Ireland

References

Derry (city)
Townlands of County Londonderry
Derry and Strabane district


James Harold "Hal" Seley (April 19, 1906 – September 22, 1994) was an American businessman.

In 1947, when owner Dan Reeves relocated his National Football League Cleveland Rams to Los Angeles, Seley acquired an interest in the team.

In 1957, he established Seley Ranches, a citrus farm in Southern California's Anza-Borrego Valley. Best known for its "Seley Reds" brand of grapefruit, the business remains in family hands.

Thoroughbred horse racing
Hal Seley and his wife owned a stable of Thoroughbred racehorses. Among their successes, their colt Trackmaster won the 1955 California Derby and the 1956 Santa Anita Maturity. They had two horses compete in the Kentucky Derby. Duplicator, who won the California Breeders' Champion Stakes,  finished eighth in the 1949 Derby and Trackmaster's son, Field Master, finished thirteenth in the 1967 edition.

References
 Seley Ranches
 St. Louis Rams history

1906 births
1994 deaths
American orchardists
American racehorse owners and breeders
Los Angeles Rams owners
20th-century American businesspeople


Surgery is the third full-length album by American psychedelic rock band the Warlocks. It was released by major label Mute in 2005, and was produced by Tom Rothrock.

The album also marks the first time the US and UK releases have featured identical track listings.

Content

Surgery has been remarked on by critics for having a more refined sound to 2002's Phoenix, a sound described by band leader Bobby Hecksher as "space age doo-wop". The average track length is notably shorter to previous releases, and the album is lyrically darker to the drug-centric Phoenix and Rise and Fall.

According to the liner notes, the album is dedicated to the memory of fellow Los Angeles-based musician Elliott Smith and to Bomp! Records founder Greg Shaw.

Reception

Surgery has been generally well-received by critics. Drowned in Sound wrote: "'Surgery' isn't the unlistenable, depression-fest it's  lyrical content threatens it to be. Instead, it's heartfelt message combined with the monstrous sound behind it make it one of the most curiously uplifting records of the year."

Track listing

"Come Save Us" – 4:43
"It's Just Like Surgery" – 4:06
"Gypsy Nightmare" – 4:20
"Angels in Heaven, Angels in Hell" – 4:15
"We Need Starpower" – 4:26
"Thursday's Radiation" – 7:44
"Evil Eyes Again" – 3:32
"The Tangent" – 5:01
"Above Earth" – 4:20
"Bleed Without You Babe" – 4:24
"Suicide Note" – 12:12

References

External links

2005 albums
The Warlocks albums
Albums produced by Tom Rothrock
Mute Records albums


A La Vieille Russie is a New York City-based antique store specializing in European and American antique jewelry, Imperial Russian works of art, 18th-century European gold snuff boxes, and objets d’art. Founded in Kiev in 1851, A La Vieille Russie later relocated to Paris around 1920 and to New York thereafter. From 1961 to 2017, the store was located at 781 Fifth Avenue, near the southeast entrance of Central Park.

In November 2017, A La Vieille Russie moved to a new showroom at 745 Fifth Avenue, on the fourth floor. Featured are items by Carl Fabergé that were created for members of the Romanov court in Russia and for other wealthy patrons in turn-of-the-century Europe. A La Vieille Russie has bought and sold many of the Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs.

History

A La Vieille Russie, a family business since its founding in Kiev in 1851, left the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and was re-established in Paris around 1920 by Jacques Zolotnitsky, the grandson of the founder, with his nephew Léon Grinberg. The shop became a focal point for Russian émigré aristocracy and intellectual activity, attracting a range of royal and artistic clients. These included Queen Marie of Romania, Grand Duchesses Xenia and Olga (sisters of Tsar Nicholas II), the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, King Farouk, Salvador Dali, and Marlene Dietrich.

Alexander Schaffer brought the firm to America, with his first shop in New York’s Rockefeller Center. The gallery relocated to Fifth Avenue and 60th Street in 1941. In America, A La Vieille Russie quickly established itself as a leader in the market for Fabergé and Russian Imperial treasures. It helped form all of the major American Fabergé collections, such as the Forbes Magazine Collection, many of which are now in museums such as the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the Cleveland Museum of Art. The gallery also specializes in European and American antique jewelry, 18th-century European gold snuff boxes, and antique Russian decorative arts, including silver, enamel, and porcelain, as well as Russian paintings, icons, and furniture.

In 1961, A La Vieille Russie moved down the block to 59th Street and remained there for 56 years. In fall 2017, A La Vieille Russie moved to a showroom one block south at 745 Fifth Avenue.

Still a multi-generational family business, under the direction of brothers, Messrs. Paul and Peter L. Schaffer, and Paul's son, Dr. Mark A. Schaffer, A La Vieille Russie continues to deal in fine art and antiques.

The gallery exhibits annually at TEFAF Maastricht in the Netherlands, TEFAF NY Fall, and New York's Winter Show. A La Vieille Russie is a member of the National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America (NAADAA) and the Art and Antique Dealers League of America.

A La Vieille Russie also makes regular appearances on Antiques Roadshow.

Jewelry from A La Vieille Russie's collection has made various red carpet appearances, most recently at the 2021 Met Gala. Theater producer Jordan Roth wore an amethyst  Boivin necklace, and Bee Carrozzini, daughter of Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, wore a Victorian rock crystal necklace.

Key exhibitions at A La Vieille Russie
Fabergé. 1949.
Antique Automatons. 1950.
Russian Icons. 1962.
The Art of the Goldsmith and the Jeweler. 1968.
Fabergé. 1983.
An Imperial Fascination: Porcelain. Dining with the Czars. Peterhof. 1991.
Alexandre Iacovleff – Paintings and Drawings. 1993.
Golden Years of Fabergé. Drawings and Objects from the Wigström Workshop. 2000.
Mechanical Wonders: The Sandoz Collection. 2011.

References

External links

CINOA (Confédération Internationale des Négociants en Oeuvres d'Art, or International Confederation of Traders in Works of Art)
Masterpiece Fair London
TEFAF Maastricht – The World's Leading Art and Antiques Fair
International Fine Art and Antique Dealers Show
Winter Antiques Show
The National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America
The Art and Antique Dealers League of America
Antiques Roadshow

1851 establishments in the Russian Empire
Art museums and galleries in Manhattan
Art galleries established in 1851
Fifth Avenue


Cannon Mountain Ski Area is a state-owned ski resort located on Cannon Mountain in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States. Cannon is located within Franconia Notch State Park and offers 10 lifts servicing  of skiing (168 with snowmaking). Cannon has  of trails and a north-northeast exposure and has the only aerial tram in New Hampshire. Cannon has the most vertical of any ski area in New Hampshire, , and is the seventh largest in New England. US Olympic skier Bode Miller grew up skiing at Cannon.

History

Cannon Mountain was the site of the first passenger aerial tramway in North America. From its construction in 1938 to its 1980 retirement, the first tram carried 6,581,338 passengers up the  route to near the summit of Cannon Mountain. On May 24, 1980, the Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway II was dedicated. Alexander Bright, a skier involved in developing the sport in the area, conceived the idea of building a tramway in New Hampshire during his trip to Europe as a member of the US Olympic Ski Team in 1933. In Europe, Bright had seen passenger-carrying tramways and recognized that building one in New Hampshire could foster the growth of skiing and summer tourism in the White Mountains. Bright persuaded L.R. Batemen of the American Steel and Wire Company to conduct a preliminary survey to locate a suitable site for a tramway and to estimate construction costs. In November 1933, the first physical survey of Franconia Notch was made by Batemen, E.J. Lloyd and Roland Peabody of Franconia, who was called in as an advisor because of his knowledge of the area and his enthusiasm for recreation development in the White Mountains. Bright's idea appealed to an increasing numbers of people and groups associate with winter sports, and Peabody, through his enthusiasm, aroused the support of the New Hampshire legislature.

In the spring of 1934, after estimating construction costs, completing research on operating costs and potential income, and examining seven promising sites for a tramway, a committee appointed by Governor John G. Winant unanimously recommended Cannon Mountain.

Environmental concerns were a principal reason for selecting the Cannon site. At Cannon, it was possible to build a tramway with only minor cutting of forests and without marring the scenic beauty of the Notch. In addition, the area was already a major route for tourists in the White Mountains.

Legislation was drafted and passed in 1935, but the project hit a snag when federal financing, a provision of the legislation, proved unavailable. In June 1937, a bill was passed by the New Hampshire legislature and signed into law by Governor Francis P. Murphy authorizing a $250,000 bond issue to finance erection of the tramway. Later Roland E. Peabody was named Managing Director of the Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway.

In August, American Steel Wire Company was awarded the construction contract and the project rapidly took shape. As the contractor began construction of the tramway, a 200-man CCC camp began work on a parking area and developing the Coppermine, Tucker Brook, Kinsman and Cannon ski trails. Old logging roads on the mountain had been used for skiing since 1929, and the famous Richard Taft Race Course had been developed in 1931-1932.

To build the final passenger tramway it was first necessary to construct a freight tramway to carry materials. Carrying cement and materials by backpack, four dozen men completed the formidable task in December. Construction of the tramway continued through the winter, with almost all the work, pouring 32 carloads of cement, assembling 232 tons of steel and four miles (6 km) of cable, done by hand. It was considered an outstanding engineering feat of the period. On June 28, 1938, after nine months of construction and one year after the passage of legislation, North America’s first aerial tramway was dedicated.

The opening attracted newspapermen, photographers, newsreel cameramen and syndicated writers from across the nation. Later Lowell Thomas made evening news broadcasts from both the valley and mountain stations. The tramway quickly became a major tourist attraction, carrying 163,000 passengers in its first year.

As its proponents had predicted, the tramway proved not only a sound financial investment for the state, but also confirmed the viability of skiing as an industry in New Hampshire. Cannon Mountain, with the highest vertical drop of any ski mountain in the state, became the pinnacle of Eastern skiing. The success of the state's venture attracted the interest and investment of the private sector, and the ski industry in New Hampshire grew and prospered.

In early 1965, Commissioner George Gilman of the Department of Resources and Economic Development recognized the need to begin planning for the replacement of the original tramway. Although still in prime operating condition, thanks to a diligent maintenance program, the cost of custom-made replacement parts and the tramway's limited passenger capacity made replacement desirable and economically practical. The replacement project was authorized by the New Hampshire legislature in 1977 after a study by consulting engineer Robert Heron proved the project feasible.

In July 1978, a contract for the replacement project was awarded to Nuova Agudio. Preliminary construction begun in July 1978, with the lower terminal completed in April 1979. During the summer of 1979, helicopters were briefly used to airlift some major components. Unlike the original construction project in 1937, there was no need to erect a freight tramway since the existing tramway could be used as the work-horse for moving materials up the mountain. Even as construction proceeded heavy summer passenger traffic was maintained. Construction continued through the cold but nearly snowless winter of 1979-1980. In February 1980, the tramway successfully passed a series of stringent operational tests conducted by Nuova Agudio and was approved for passenger traffic by the State of New Hampshire. Cannon Mountain Aerial Tramway II ascends the famous slopes of Cannon Mountain for . Its two cabins, each with a capacity for 80 passengers and one attendant, travel at a speed of  per minute, with an hourly passenger capacity of 1,540, or 770 in each direction, more than three times the capacity of the original tramway.

Until 1984, the north-northwestern face of Cannon was operated under the name Mittersill Ski Area (Cannon Mountain Ski Area occupies the north-northeastern face). The trails are often skied by those that know the area as a result of their ease of accessibility (only a short hike is required from Taft Slalom to find them). However, in the late 1990s/early 2000s (decade), the state of New Hampshire unveiled plans to purchase the north-northwestern face and use the already-cut trails as an expansion to the current ski area. The purchase was completed in 2008. A $2.6 million Doppelmayr double chairlift was ordered, to be installed for the 2010-2011 ski season.

Trails and Lifts
Beginner and First-timer - 21%
The Tuckerbrook Quad Chair serves beginner trails (Bear Paw, Deer Run, Fleitmanm and Coyote Crossing) that are segregated from the upper mountain. The bottom half of Cannon has four long runs suitable for beginners (Lower Cannon, Parkway, Gremlin and Turnpike). This area is most easily accessed via the Eagle Triple Chair, from the Peabody Base Area. The Brookside learning area, a beginner skiing area, is segregated from the rest of the mountain. It is serviced by its own triple chairlift as well as two surface lifts. Its location allows novices to progress to the nearby short beginner trails off the Tuckerbrook quad chair.

Intermediate - 47%

Although touted as an expert's mountain, the ski area offers slopes for lower ski levels. From the summit, Vista Way, Tramway and Upper Cannon descend through the forest. These feed into a collection of intermediate runs, including Middle Cannon and Middle Ravine. An alternate route, Cannonball Express Quad, is also available. The Tram Cutback is an intermediate return route to the tram from Gary's, considered the easiest of the Front Five.

Expert and Advanced - 32%
Expert trails include DJ's Tramline, a narrow trail that descends via a series of cliff steps. The trail is rarely open because of the amount of snow required to cover the boulders and cliffs scattered throughout the trail. DJ's Tramline has been included in Vermont Sports Magazine's "Gnarly 10 Toughest Trails in the East". There are no double Black Diamonds on Cannon Mountain, only Black Diamonds, although the color/shape nomenclature for trail rating is always relative to the other trails on the mountain. The Tramline, for example, could earn double black diamond at another mountain, and the same thing is possible in the reverse. It is therefore recommended that skiers take careful note of the mountain's average challenge, and to proceed with caution when attempting a new run labeled as "advanced" or "experts only". Besides the Tramline, Avalanche is the steepest run, measuring at a 31 degree vertical pitch. Trails such as Paulie's Folly and Hard Scrabble also have a high vertical pitch. The Mittersill area consists of some of New Hampshire's only sidecountry skiing. Many glades and mogul runs can be found here. One of the longest glades in the east is Kinsman Glade, on skier's right of the tramline. The Front Five trails are accessed via Paulie's Extension or Lower Cannon. Three of them, Avalanche, Paulie's Folly and Zoomer, are marked black. The other two, Rocket and Gary's, have less pitch and no bumps. From the summit, trails include Cannonball, Skylight or Upper Ravine.

Cannon has 8 lifts, with 2 surface lifts in the Tuckerbrook family area.

Awards
In its 2013 issue, SKI Magazine named Cannon #1 in New Hampshire for value, challenge, lifts/lift service, and overall satisfaction. In the same issue, Cannon was listed in the Top 10 in the East for value, access, challenge, character, lifts/lift service, and overall satisfaction.

Rentals and ski school
Brookside Learning Center offers all-day and part-day youth programs, plus childcare for ages six months and older. Seasonal programs are available. Cannon offers a full-service PSIA Ski and Snowboard School. Slopeside ski shops are located at Peabody Base Lodge and Tram Base; a ski/snowboard rental and service shop is at Peabody Base Lodge. A slopeside High Performance Tuning Center is located at the Peabody Base Lodge. All rental skis are "shaped" skis; all rental snowboards feature "step in" bindings.

References

External links
 Official website

Buildings and structures in Grafton County, New Hampshire
Ski areas and resorts in New Hampshire
Civilian Conservation Corps in New Hampshire
Tourist attractions in Grafton County, New Hampshire
Franconia, New Hampshire


Welcombe Hotel occupies a 19th-century former country mansion house near Stratford upon Avon, Warwickshire, which was previously known as Welcombe House. It is a Grade II* listed building.

History
Some of the lands at Welcombe, which are recorded as part of the manor of Old Stratford as far back as 1182 AD.

The estate ultimately came into the possession of the Clopton family, into which one of William's three daughters, Martha, had married. Various conveyances of the lands took place in the 18th century and at one point — between 1760 and 1768 — they were divided into three parts. The estate had been acquired by John Lloyd of Snitterfield by 1777 and it later passed to his oldest son, George, who lived there until dying at the age of 63 in 1831. Both of John Lloyd's sons, George and John Gamaliel Lloyd, served as High Sheriff of Warwickshire, in 1806 and 1832, respectively. George having died unmarried, John Gamaliel inherited the estate on the death of his brother. In turn, the new owner died unmarried in 1837.

Construction
By 1842, the estate was in the hands of Mark Philips, a Manchester businessman and member of parliament. Philips was High Sheriff in 1851. In about 1866 he commissioned Thomas Newby to build a new mansion house in a Neo-Jacobean style to designs by architect Henry Clutton. This project was completed in 1869. Philips died in 1873, leaving the estate of almost  to his brother, Robert Needham Philips. In 1876 he erected a  sandstone obelisk at a cost of £7,000. The structure, which is now Grade II listed, stands on high ground and is visible for many miles around. On Robert's death in 1890, the property was inherited by Caroline, his daughter, who married Sir George Otto Trevelyan. Their third son, eminent Cambridge historian, George Macaulay Trevelyan, was born at Welcombe House in 1876 and later described it:

Hotel
George Otto Trevelyan died in 1928, aged 90, and the house was bought by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. The railway company significantly altered and extended the buildings and opened them as a hotel on 1 July 1931. The company briefly used a Ro-railer to transport people from the station to the hotel, but it was soon phased out as being bumpy and uncomfortable.

Bought and operated from the 1990s by Menzies Hotels Group, it was converted it into a spa and golf club occupying an estate of . After Menzies were bankrupted in summer 2012, the hotel was one of 12 sold to Topland Group. It was operated by Bespoke Hotels before being acquired by Conquer Dawn in 2021 with Michels & Taylor taking over operations of the hotel.

References
Notes

Citations

Grade II* listed buildings in Warwickshire
London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Henry Clutton buildings


"The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" is a song by the English synthpop group The Human League. It was originally recorded for the band's 1981 album Dare, but was remixed, remastered and released as a dance EP single in 2008. It reached number two in the official UK Dance Chart in February 2008.

Background
The song is the opening track on the Human League's Dare album, recorded at Genetic Studios in the summer of 1981. It was produced by Martin Rushent. The song is a tribute to the simple pleasures in life which are then juxtaposed against a greater ambition. Philip Oakey namechecks some of his and Philip Adrian Wright's favourite things, an eclectic list from ice cream to Norman Wisdom and the names of the band members of Ramones. Wright called the song a metaphor for the band's ambition in 1981.  Backing vocals are performed by Susan Ann Sulley and Joanne Catherall (then 18-year-old schoolgirls) who today, together with Oakey, are now the only remaining band members from the original Dare line up.

Since the recording of Dare, the Human League have frequently played the song live. It was the opening track of performances on the Dare '07 tour.

The first remix of the song appeared on the band's 1982 remix album Love and Dancing, which contained remixes of various tracks from the band's Dare period. In August 2003, a mash-up of the instrumentation of "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" and the lyrics to SOS Band's "The Finest" was released as a single under the title "Finest Dreams". Produced by Richard X, the song featured American singer Kelis on vocals. The song reached #8 on UK charts. It appears on Richard X's album Richard X Presents His X-Factor Vol. 1

In 2007, Martin Rushent's newly resurrected Genetic Recordings label released a limited edition EP of the song containing the 'More of Mix' and 'Justus Köncke Vocal Mix Edit'. Concurrently Hooj Choons issued a remix of the song by DJ/producer Tommy Bisdee aka 'Kissy Sell Out'. Realising that the song had commercial selling power, Hooj Choons then released a full commercial version on 21 January 2008.

Separate to the Hooj release, a version of the song remixed by British big beat group Groove Armada, appeared on their compilation album Late Night Tales: Groove Armada, released 12 March 2008 by Azuli Records.

Although an officially released Human League single more than a quarter of a century after its first appearance on Dare, the band themselves did not initiate its release and have had nothing to do with the record's promotion. The track became popular with DJs and in clubs, gaining its own momentum through radio play on UK national BBC Radio One. After release it reached number two on the UK Dance Chart and number 17 on the UK Indie Chart in February 2008.  It was the first return to the charts for the Human League in six years.

Track listing

 "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (original dub), mixed by Martin Rushent A
 "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (Justus Kohncke dub), mixed by Justus Köncke A
 "The Things That Dreams Are Made Of" (Richard Stone mix), mixed by Richard Stone B

Use in film and television
In the 1982 BBC2 comedy The Young Ones, the song is featured in the episode "Interesting".
The song is played in an early scene in the 1989 film Longtime Companion, which dealt with the 1980s AIDS epidemic. The scene is set in early July 1981, which presents an anachronism as the song was not released (on the Dare album) until October 1981, and even later than that in the US where the film is set.
In 2010, the song was featured in The Kevin Bishop Show Series 2, Episode 5.
Frequent use during the 1980s in the BBC2 series Ski Sunday as incidental music.

References

External links
 http://www.the-black-hit-of-space.dk/things_that_dreams_are_made_of.htm
 http://www.hooj.com/

2008 singles
The Human League songs
Songs written by Philip Oakey
1981 songs
Song recordings produced by Martin Rushent
Songs written by Philip Adrian Wright


The Max Holste MH.52 was a 1940s French-built two-seat touring or training monoplane designed and constructed by Avions Max Holste.

Development and construction
Developed in the mid-1940s, the MH.52 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with twin fins and rudders and a fixed tricycle landing gear. It had a cockpit with side-by-side seating for the pilot and trainee or passenger. The canopy was framed with forward-opening transparent sliding doors. The prototype first flew on 21 August 1945. The aircraft was powered by a variety of inline engines developing between 95 and 150 hp (71 to 112 kW).

A development of the MH.52 was the sole MH.53 Cadet which had a fixed tailwheel landing gear and a lower powered 135 hp (101 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 engine.

Operational history

A total of 13 production aircraft were built by the end of the 1940s. Most were flown by aero clubs and private pilots in France, but three examples were delivered to Egypt.

Survivors

Two MH.52s survived in the 2000s. No.4 is awaiting restoration to fly at an airfield near Paris.  No.11 is privately stored by a group located at an airfield near Bergerac.

Variants
Source: The Aircraft of the World.
MH.52M
initial model with tricycle landing gear powered by a Renault 4P engine of . Later changed to a Potez 4D engine of  (2 built)
MH.52G
MH.52M with de Havilland Gipsy Major 1 engine of  (6 built)
MH.52R
MH.52G with Renault 4P-01 engine of  (4 built)
MH.53
Tailwheel landing gear version of the MH.52G powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major 10 engine. (1 built)

Specifications (MH.52)

See also

Notes

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 2435/6

1940s French civil utility aircraft
1940s French civil trainer aircraft
Max Holste aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Twin-tail aircraft


The 1994 New York gubernatorial election was an election for the state governorship held on November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic Governor Mario Cuomo ran for a fourth term, but was defeated by Republican George Pataki in an upset victory. Pataki had previously been described by the New York Daily News as "a little-known Republican state senator." The conservative New York Post attributed the result to how voters "had grown tired of the 12-year incumbent Cuomo and his liberalism."

Pataki's victory was one of the most notable of the 1994 "Republican Revolution" midterm elections, which also ousted Governors in Alabama, New Mexico, and Texas. This is the last time a Governor of New York lost re-election. This would be the last gubernatorial race until 2022 that was decided by a single-digit margin.

Democratic primary

Candidates
 Mario Cuomo, incumbent Governor
 Lenora Fulani, activist and perennial candidate

Withdrawn
 Roy Innis, National Chairman of CORE and candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1993

Campaign
Only two candidates announced their intention to challenge incumbent Governor Mario Cuomo in the Democratic primary: Lenora Fulani, who had been the 1990 gubernatorial nominee of the New Alliance Party and its 1988 and 1992 presidential nominee; and Roy Innis, the National Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality. Ultimately, Innis did not submit petitions. Fulani, however, submitted petitions and made it onto the Democratic primary ballot. Fulani's bid was generally considered a losing effort with no hope of keeping the nomination away from Cuomo. Cuomo refused to debate her, Fulani made it plain that she wished to draw African-American voters away from the Democratic Party, and no elected officials endorsed Fulani except Adam Clayton Powell IV. Fulani was also far outstripped when it came to fundraising. On September 13, 1994, Cuomo handily defeated Fulani.

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
 Evan G. Galbraith, former Ambassador to France
 Herbert London, college professor, Conservative candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1989 and Conservative nominee for governor in 1990
 George Pataki, State Senator
 Richard M. Rosenbaum, former Chairman of the Republican Party of New York

Withdrawn
 J. Patrick Barrett, businessman
 Bill Green, former U.S. Representative (Withdrew – July 31, 1994 – Endorsed Richard Rosenbaum)

Declined
 Al D'Amato, U.S. Senator

Campaign
Initially, most expected U.S. Senator Al D'Amato to be the Republican and Conservative nominee for governor in 1994. D'Amato began what looked like the beginnings of a campaign in September 1993 when he attacked Cuomo's record as governor, claiming that New York had become "the taxasaurus and spendasaurus capital of the nation." However, less than a month later, D'Amato decided not to run; he, correctly, predicted that his party might take control of the U.S. Senate in the 1994 elections, which would make him chairman of the Senate Banking Committee.

After considering other potential candidates, D'Amato—in conjunction with State GOP Chairman William Powers—endorsed the candidacy of State Senator George Pataki. Pataki was perceived as a candidate who could garner the support of the party's moderate and conservative factions. Lewis Lehrman, the 1982 gubernatorial nominee who narrowly lost to Cuomo, publicly flirted with a run, but ultimately didn't mount a candidacy.

Former gubernatorial candidate Herbert London declared his candidacy on October 5, 1993. Running on a platform of tax cuts, reductions in state Medicaid and welfare payments and social conservatism, London was critical of both Cuomo and D'Amato. However, London's social conservatism and poor fundraising caused many party leaders to believe that he had no chance of defeating Cuomo.

On January 4, 1994, Evan Galbraith, a businessman from Manhattan and former ambassador to France under the Reagan Administration, decided to explore a potential gubernatorial bid. (Galbraith had also previously been a candidate for governor in 1990, but a court declared him eligible due to residency issues.) He quickly received endorsements from several notable figures, among them Henry Kissinger and William F. Buckley, Jr. Galbraith was considered by some as an alternative to London, holding similar positions but able to appeal to a larger base of voters. Galbraith formally declared his candidacy on April 29; by this time, however, most conservatives had coalesced around either London or Pataki.

Pataki formally declared his candidacy on March 14, but had been actively preparing for a campaign since the previous fall with the support of D'Amato and Powers. Senate Majority Leader Ralph Marino refused to support his nomination, angry over Pataki's association with Change – New York which had worked to prevent Marino's reelection. There was also concern over Pataki's position on the abortion issue, with organizations on both sides of the issue not being satisfied with his "middle-ground" approach.

Former U.S. Representative Bill Green declared his candidacy on March 18, hoping to become the moderate alternative to Pataki and London. Green claimed that he was conservative on fiscal issues while "sensibly compassionate" on social issues. His bid was badly damaged when Michael Long, Chairman of the Conservative Party, indicated that he did not believe that Green could receive Conservative support.

Former State Party Chairman Richard Rosenbaum declared his candidacy on March 23. His platform was very similar to that of Bill Green but went even further, supporting Medicaid-financed abortions and tighter restrictions on guns. He also managed to create a much larger campaign chest of about $1.2 million. Rosenbaum decided against trying for an automatic ballot spot through the convention process; a Republican of the Rockefeller mold, he did not believe he could attain the required 25% of the vote. Instead, Rosenbaum opted to petition his way onto the ballot.

J. Patrick Barrett, a businessman from Syracuse who was expected to join the race, dropped out on May 20 when he came to the conclusion that he could not obtain the necessary support at the state convention.

At the Republican convention, Pataki won the overwhelming support of the delegates present. Herbert London, the runner-up, fell short of the 25% showing that he needed to obtain a place on the party's primary ballot.

Primary
London, Galbraith and Green were all initially determined to petition to be on the primary ballot on September 13, but efforts were made to dissuade them from doing so.  In return for his support for Pataki, London was nominated for the position of Comptroller. This move allowed Pataki to secure much of London's support within both the Republican and Conservative parties. On May 31, Green withdrew from the race and endorsed Rosenbaum.

On September 13, Pataki defeated Rosenbaum in the Republican primary by a margin of 75.6–24.4%. Rosenbaum endorsed Pataki the next day.

Results

Conservative primary

Independence Party
Independence candidate:
 Richard M. Rosenbaum, former Chairman of the Republican Party of New York (Initial Nominee – Withdrew September 14 – Endorsed George Pataki)
 Tom Golisano, businessman (Nominated – Added to Ballot September 28)

Libertarian Party
The original Libertarian candidate was New York City radio personality Howard Stern, who announced his candidacy for governor on his nationally syndicated radio show on March 22, 1994. Stern ran on a platform of reinstating the death penalty, letting road crews work only at night, staggering highway tolls to prevent traffic jams, and vowing to resign from office as soon as these goals were accomplished. Stern won the party's nomination by a two-thirds majority on the first ballot at their state convention on April 23, 1994.

Stern refused to file the financial disclosures required by law of any party seeking to hold public office. He filed suit against the state of New York, arguing that the applicable law violated his right to privacy and freedom of association. When the court denied his petition for an injunction, Stern called a press conference on August 4, 1994 and withdrew from the race. Robert L. Schulz, a political activist from Queensbury, New York, replaced Stern on the statewide ballot. Stern's running mate, Stan Dworkin of Westchester County, remained on the slate as candidate for lieutenant governor.

General campaign
Though early on in the election Cuomo led by as much as ten points, Pataki was eventually able to tie him due to his difficulty in defending his record. Pataki promised to cut income taxes by 25 percent which appealed to voters in an economic downturn.

One key issue in the election was capital punishment. Cuomo had long been a staunch opponent of the death penalty while Pataki supported it. In the 1980s and early 1990s most New Yorkers supported capital punishment due to high crime rates. Republican ads pointed to the case of Arthur Shawcross, a multiple murderer convicted of manslaughter who was paroled by New York in 1987 and committed additional murders while on release (during the time Cuomo was governor). This revelation caused a significant loss of support for Cuomo.

Polling

Results
While the race was very close overall, Pataki won by running up huge margins outside of New York City. Cuomo won only one county outside of the Five Boroughs, Albany County, while also failing to sweep the Five Boroughs unlike in his previous three successful runs, losing Staten Island.

New York City Results

Rest of State Results

References

Gubernatorial
New York
1994


Pascal "Pommes" Hens (born 26 March 1980) is a former German team handball player and former World Champion. He received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the German national team. He is World Champion from 2007, and European champion from 2004.
The last team he played for was HBW Balingen-Weilstetten. He won the EHF Cup Winner's Cup in 2007 and the EHF Champions League in 2013 with HSV Hamburg. He represented his native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.

References

External links
"Pascal Hens", n°16 on Time’s list of "100 Olympic Athletes To Watch"
 official Website

1980 births
Living people
People from Daun, Germany
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
German male handball players
Olympic handball players for Germany
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Sportspeople from Hamburg
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Expatriate handball players
German expatriate sportspeople in Denmark


Henton may refer to:

Henton (surname)
Henton, Oxfordshire in Chinnor civil parish, Oxfordshire, England
Henton in Wookey civil parish, Somerset, England


Robert David "Bob" Webster (born October 25, 1938) is a retired American diver who won the 10 m platform event at every competition he entered between 1960 and 1964, including the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and 1963 Pan American Games. He later became a diving coach at the University of Minnesota, Princeton University, and the University of Alabama. He was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1970 and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1989.

Competitive diving
Born in Berkeley, California, Webster won his first collegiate diving title for Santa Ana Junior College, a school that did not have a pool. While at Santa Ana, Webster trained off a board in Olympic champion Sammy Lee's backyard sand pit. In 1957, Webster led the Santa Ana Dons to second and third-place finishes at the conference and state swimming and diving competitions. Sammy Lee was Webster's swimming coach at Santa Ana. Lee said, "Diving-wise, he was the greatest competitor I've ever coached. He really held up under competition, as both of his Olympic medals were by narrow margins. I told him early on that he could be an Olympic champion and Bob finally said, 'If you're serious, I'm serious.' I wrote to the University of Michigan and told them I had the next Olympic champion right here at Santa Ana College. They offered him a scholarship. The rest is history."

Webster then transferred to the University of Michigan where he was coached by Dick Kimball and Bruce Harlan. He won the gold medal in the 1960 Olympics with a score of 165.56 on September 2, 1960. His 1960 score on the platform was an Olympic record that remained unbroken when the scoring system was changed in 1972. At the 1960 Olympics, only his coaches gave Webster much of a chance against Gary Tobian of the U.S. and Britain's Brian Phelps. But Webster saved his most difficult dives, and took the lead from Tobian with a near perfect 2½ somersault on his second to last dive. The margin of victory between Webster and silver medalist Tobian was less than one-third of a point—the narrowest in Olympic history.

He won the gold medal again in the 1964 Olympics with a score of 148.58 on October 18, 1964. He was only the second diver to win the platform event in consecutive Olympic games, after his coach Sammy Lee accomplished the feat in 1948 and 1952. In 1964, he won the gold by another narrow margin over Italy's Klaus Dibiasi.

Webster won every tower diving competition he entered from 1960 to 1964, including a gold medal in the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, Brazil and the U.S. National AAU championships from 1960 to 1964. He was the first U.S. diver to win the platform event in the history of the Pan American Games. He also won the U.S. National AAU championship in the 1-meter springboard in 1962 and the Big Ten Conference championship in the 3-meter springboard in 1960.

Diving coach
After retiring from competitive diving, Webster became the diving coach at the University of Minnesota. Webster was diving coach at Princeton from 1966 to 1975. He was also the coach for the U.S. diving team at the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia. He later became the diving coach at the University of Alabama where he was named SEC Coach of the Year in 1981.

Awards and honors
Webster was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1970, and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1989.

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 Diving at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform
 Diving at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform
 University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor

References

1938 births
Living people
Sportspeople from California
American diving coaches
American male divers
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in diving
Divers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Divers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Minnesota Golden Gophers diving coaches
Michigan Wolverines men's divers
Princeton Tigers diving coaches
Alabama Crimson Tide diving coaches
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in diving
Divers at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Bob Webster


Admiral Cowan may refer to

Michael L. Cowan (born 1944), U.S. Navy admiral and Surgeon General of the United States Navy
Walter Cowan, Admiral Sir Walter Henry Cowan, 1st Baronet
EML Admiral Cowan (M313), an Estonian minehunter named after him


Michigan United Railways (MUR) was an interurban which owned and leased numerous lines in the state of Michigan during the early twentieth century.

Corporate history
The company incorporated in Kalamazoo on March 31, 1906, with the intention of owning a line from Kalamazoo connecting eastwards to Battle Creek, Jackson, Lansing and St. Johns. On May 1 of that year the MUR consolidated the Lansing & Suburban Traction, Lansing City Electric, Michigan Traction Extension and Michigan Traction. The company also leased Jackson and Battle Creek Traction and the Lansing & Jackson. Taken together, these moves gave the company two intercity lines; one running from Kalamazoo to Jackson and other from Lansing to St. Johns, and the local streetcar operations in Kalamazoo, Battle Creek and Lansing. In May 1907 it acquired control of Jackson Consolidated Traction as well, which gave it Jackson's streetcar operations and several suburban lines.

On January 22, 1910, the MUR created the Lansing & Northeastern to construct a line east from Lansing to Owosso; it leased this line beginning in 1912. In 1911 the MUR bought the Owosso & Corunna Electric, which operated lines in and around Owosso. Between 1911 and 1916 the MUR leased the Kalamazoo, Lake Shore and Chicago, an unelectrified interurban which connected the Lake Michigan port of South Haven. On April 1, 1912, the MUR leased all its lines to Michigan United Traction, and arrangement which lasted until January 1, 1916, when all lines were re-leased to the Michigan Railway. That company dissolved in 1921 and the MUR again held its lines directly. In 1923 the MUR transferred all its owned lines, and some of its leases, to the Michigan Electric. The Michigan United Railways Company dissolved in 1924.

Operations
During its lifetime the Michigan United operated a number of different lines, most of which it acquired through the acquisition of other companies rather than new construction.

Southern Division
In its initial round of consolidations and leases the Michigan United had acquired the Michigan Traction Company and the Jackson & Battle Creek Traction Company. Between 1901 and 1903 these two companies had built a  line between Kalamazoo and Jackson (via Battle Creek). The line was almost entirely new construction, except for in Jackson, Battle Creek and Kalamazoo, where it shared track with local streetcar operations. There was additional street-running in Parma, Albion, Marshall, Augusta and Galesburg. There were two branch lines as well: one which split at Gull Lake Junction and ran north to Yorkville, providing service to the Gull Lake community, and one which ran north from Jackson to Grass Lake. The Gull Lake branch had been built by Michigan Traction in 1901, and was abandoned under Michigan United Traction in 1916. The Grass Lake branch was built by Jackson & Suburban Traction in 1901; by 1929 Michigan Electric had abandoned all of it save a short segment out to Michigan Center, which it sold to Jackson Transportation. Michigan Electric abandoned the main line in its entirety on November 11, 1928.

Through an arrangement with the Detroit United Railway (DUR) Michigan United cars ran east from Jackson into Detroit, allowing through car service between Kalamazoo and Detroit.

Northern Division
The main line of the Northern Division, which ran from Jackson to Lansing, was constructed in 1909, and was a rare instance of the Michigan United building a line itself rather than acquiring an existing company. The line was  in length, and connected the Southern Division with the Lansing–St. Johns line. As was customary it ran over local streetcar lines in both Lansing and Jackson, but there was additional street-running in Leslie as well. The Lansing–St. Johns line was constructed in 1902 by the Lansing, St. Johns & St. Louis. It ran over streetcar lines in Lansing before turning north and running through DeWitt to St. Johns, for a total length of . Another branch line ran to Owosso; this was built in 1910 by the Lansing & Northeastern, a wholly owned subsidiary of Michigan United. The line ran northeast along the Grand Trunk Western's Chicago–Port Huron line before turning north at Morrice and entering Owosso, for a total length of . Michigan Electric abandoned all three lines in May 1929.

Northeastern Division
The Northeastern Division operated several lines and branches in the Tri-Cities and Flint. The main line, which ran from Bay City to Flint, was built in stages between 1904 and 1914. The initial segment, Saginaw to Bridgeport, was built in 1904 by the Detroit, Flint & Saginaw. The same year the company built a branch line to Frankenmuth ("little Bavaria"). In 1908 the Saginaw & Flint, successor to the DF&S, branched off west of Frankenmuth and completed the line to Flint. Finally, in 1911, the S&F built north from Saginaw to Bay City, finishing the main line for a total length of . Ownership passed to Michigan Railroad in 1919, and that company abandoned the Frankenmuth branch in 1922 and the main line in 1929. The Michigan United owned a separate Saginaw–Bay City line which had come down to it from the Saginaw–Bay City. This  line ran along the left bank of the Saginaw River through Zilwaukee. Michigan Railroad sold the Saginaw–Zilwaukee section to Saginaw Transit in 1922 and then abandoned the rest.

Western Division
The main line of the Western Division was the last major addition to Michigan United's network: a newly built  line running north from Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids. This line opened in 1915 and was abandoned in 1929. At Montieth Junction the main crossed the "Battle Creek branch," a  line connecting southeast to Battle Creek originally built by the Michigan & Ohio. This line had been taken over by the Michigan & Chicago, another interurban, and electrified. The Michigan Railway took over operations in 1914; its successor, Michigan Railroad, abandoned all but a small stretch in 1928. The remainder, Battle Creek–Hooper, was sold to the Michigan Central in 1930. Another branch owned by the Michigan & Chicago, which continued from Montieth west to Allegan, was also abandoned in 1928.

Other
In 1911 the Michigan United leased the Kalamazoo, Lake Shore and Chicago, a Kalamazoo–South Haven line. Although intended as another interurban, its owners lacked the capital for electrification. The MUR hoped to use the line to tap into the lucrative Lake Michigan traffic, but this never happened and the MUR allowed the lease to lapse in 1916.

Between 1916 and 1924 the Michigan United (through the Michigan Railway) leased the Grand Rapids, Holland & Chicago, which connected Grand Rapids with the Lake Michigan communities of Holland and Saugatuck.

Equipment

Much of the Michigan United's network used an electrified third rail to power the locomotives. Cars carried a "shoe" which rode on top of the third rail. This proved a problem during Michigan's notoriously harsh winters, when ice build-up on the tracks inhibited conductivity. To meet this challenge W. Silvius, the Michigan United equipment superintendent in Albion, developed a "pneumatic sleet shoe." The design was similar to a standard shoe, but included four steel cutters on the front to cut the sleet, while a system of air hoses allowed the motorman to lower as needed.

Notes

References

Interurban railways in Michigan
Defunct Michigan railroads
Railway companies disestablished in 1924
Railway companies established in 1906
1906 establishments in Michigan


Sanjar-Shah was the amir of central Khurasan from 1185 or 1186 until 1187. His short reign was ended by a Khwarezmid invasion and resulted in the takeover of Nishapur by Khwarezm.

Sanjar-Shah succeeded his father Toghan-Shah after the latter's death in either 1185 or 1186, although his atabeg Mengli Beg held actual power. In 1186 the Khwarezmshah Tekish, having been informed on the instability in Khurasan, led an army south in 1186 and laid siege to Shadyakh, where Sanjar-Shah and Mengli Beg were residing (Shadyakh was a suburb of Nishapur, which had been Sanjar-Shah's father's capital, but which had been heavily damaged by Ghuzz raids). A second siege by Tekish's army in 1187 ended with the capture of Shadyakh and both Sanjar-Shah and his atabeg. Mengli Beg was executed, while Sanjar-Shah was carried off to Khwarezm; the government of Nishapur was given over to Tekish's son Malik-Shah. Despite this, Sanjar-Shah continued to collude with anti-Khwarezmid elements in Nishapur; in retaliation the shah ordered his blinding.

Notes

References
Bosworth, C.E. "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)." The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Edited by J.A. Boyle. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Amirs of Nishapur


Thomas Parker Sanborn (; February 24, 1865 - March 2, 1889) was an American poet. The eldest son of abolitionist, social scientist, and memorialist of American transcendentalism  Franklin Benjamin Sanborn, Thomas became a close friend of philosopher George Santayana and was a food model for the protagonist in Santayana's only novel, The Last Puritan. With five college friends, Thomas founded The Harvard Monthly.

Early life

Thomas Parker Sanborn was born to Franklin Benjamin Sanborn and Louisa Sanborn, née Leavitt, on February 24, 1865, in Concord, Massachusetts in a cottage on the grounds of The Old Manse, within gunshot of the famous battleground. He was named "Thomas" for Henry David Thoreau's friend, Thomas Cholmondeley and "Parker" for Theodore Parker. His schooling began in Springfield but was seriously undertaken only after his family returned to Concord in 1872, where Tom studied in the primary schools and was taught Latin and Greek by his father, who had been charged with educating children of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Amos Bronson Alcott, Horace Mann, John Brown and others of prominence.

His brother Victor Channing Sanborn would later write, "He was a sensitive and original child, much noticed by his elders, especially by Mr. Emerson and Ellery Channing,-- going to walk with the latter and with his father, as soon as he was able to keep up with older persons, in the wood-roads and pastures of Concord,-- their custom on Sunday afternoons for many years."

During the winter of 1880–1881, Thomas was a student at  Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, following in the foot-steps of his father, also an alumnus.

Harvard years

In 1882, Sanborn began college life at Harvard University, where, in addition to required course-work, he became an editor of Harvard's literary journal, the Harvard Advocate and the humor magazine, the Harvard Lampoon. Sanborn was elected president of the Lampoon following Ernest Thayer, who would subsequently achieve fame with his Lampoon-esque poem, "Casey at the Bat".

"Thayer's Harvard Lampoon staff was talented and privileged. Future philosopher George Santayana was an editor who focused on illustrations, and William Randolph Hearst, the inspiration for Citizen Kane, was a business editor. Thayer was neither the most accomplished nor prolific poet of his peer group; most of his contributions were brief 'insider' prose pieces. The Lampoon's premier poet, Thomas Parker Sanborn, succeeded Thayer as editor (president) in 1886."

In the fall of 1885, Sanborn and five of his literary cohorts, Harvard seniors William Woodward Baldwin,  Alanson B. Houghton, George Santayana, William Morton Fullerton, and George Rice Carpenter founded The Harvard Monthly. Dedicated to defending Arnoldian humanism and aestheticism from the encroaching forces of scientific materialism, the Monthly sought to introduce its readers to the European culture that American society needed to emulate, and for the next decade served as a springboard for Santayana's contribution to the Arnoldian movement. The Monthly would come to be described as "proof... of the undergraduate cultivation of creative, critical and persuasive letters that still distinguishes the university...from most others in America." This "proof" would also lie in the fact of the Monthly's many graduates who went on to make significant contributions to the world.

Sanborn became a close friend of philosopher and fellow poet Santayana, with whom he graduated in the class of 1886. Freshmen were seated alphabetically, so the two found each other side-by-side in several classes in addition to sharing in the editorship of Harvard literary magazines and membership in several social groups, which included Art Club, Chess Club, the OK Society and the Everett Atheneum. In December 1885, they shared the stage in the Hasty Pudding Theatrical, Robin Hood, followed by the production Papillonetta the following spring. Sanborn's interest in history led him to win the Bowdoin Prize for a dissertation on The Rights and Duties of a Biographer in his junior year. As a graduating senior, he was selected to write the class ode and presented it as part of the festivities on Class Day.

Class Ode
(Harvard Class of 1886)

I.
Dear Mother, we leave thee to join the race
Where no man may weaken or yield,
And we look once again at thy beautiful face
And the word that is wrought on they shield.

Thou has taught us to strive, thou hast taught us to dare
In the years that forever have flown!
Farewell to three Mother, whose bountiful care
In the fulness of youth we have known.

II.
There is hope in our hearts, there is light in our eyes
As we dream of the goal set before;
Though we linger, unwilling to break the old ties,
That shall bind us, alas, nevermore.

The ties may be severed, they'll ne'er be forgot,
Our hearts are forever the same.
From our thought, from our love, we will banish thee not:
Dear Mother, we'll win in thy name.

Illness and death

Upon graduation, Sanborn began living in Springfield, Massachusetts, where he had already begun work on the staff of the Republican, becoming the paper's "literary and dramatic sub-editor." His health, described by some as "precarious", declined in the spring of 1888; ultimately, he chose to return to Concord in the fall, where he continued to contribute to The Republican each week. Although his physical health improved, his depression increased. Suffering from hallucinations, Thomas Sanborn committed suicide on March 2, 1889. According to an account in the March 4, 1889 Boston Journal, Thomas slit his throat with a razor in the bathroom of the family home in Concord. He was found alive by his father, who broke down the bathroom door. A doctor was summoned but Thomas could not be saved. He was twenty-four years old.

In a March 6, 1889 obituary Franklin B. Sanborn provided The Republican it is stated that "[Tom's] passage from one mansion in the father's house to another was swift and we trust merciful." Thomas Sanborn locked himself in the bathroom at 3:30; the doctor pronounced him dead at 4:13.

After a private service in the family's home, attended by members of the Emerson, Leavitt and Hoar families and college friends that included George Santayana, Thomas Parker Sanborn was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery not far from Thoreau and Emerson. His brother Victor Channing Sanborn later documented that the stone marking Tom's grave was carved of Pentelic marble in Athens, "with emblems of aspiration and genius, recall[ing]his memory with a line of Greek verse copied from an antique tomb in Thebes."

The Concord community reached out to the grieving parents of Thomas Sanborn, who took up residence in the Emerson home and rented out their own from June to September.

"In Mother's room last night," Ellen Emerson wrote her sister Edith on November 20, 1890, "she spoke of her will, and of leaving something for the boy. I asked, 'Which one?' She said, 'The youngest, I suppose.' Then, after a while, she said, 'Do you think that beautiful boy that I fell so much in love with would like his share?' Just before she fell asleep she said, 'Do you think Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn will be pleased that the wonderful child has his rights?' "

Legacy

Remembered by his contemporaries as a tragic figure who held much literary promise, Thomas Parker Sanborn came to be linked with a group of other 1890s Harvard poets who died young, including Hugh McCulloch, Philip Henry Savage, Trumbull Stickney and George Cabot Lodge. Santayana published two obituaries for Sanborn, the first of which appeared in the Harvard Monthly Volume eight, Number One, March 1889. "The rare facility and delicacy of Mr. Sanborn's verses," Santayana wrote, "and his general literary aptitude, marked him out among his class-mates. His witty conversation, and much more the inward seriousness and idealism of his nature endeared him to those that knew him well. He was too sensitive and retiring to like general society, or to speak out his thoughts: he was more at ease with his pen. Mr. Sanborn had not only great felicity of style in his light verses, but he could put into them what is far more rare in the work of very young men,-- a true love of whatever is charming, beautiful and ideal. Yet with this idealism was joined a genuine and pathetic modesty. He was afraid he was wrong, he longed for recognition and external encouragement. This premature death is a calamity not to Mr. Sanborn's family and intimate friends alone. The class of '86 and Harvard College lose a man whose life would have been devoted to letters, and whose genuine and versatile talent would hardly have failed to leave some mark in the world."

In his 1943 memoirs, Santayana remembered Sanborn as "a poet of lyric and modest flights...His poems showed genuine feeling, not naturally in harmony with the over-intellectualized transcendentalism of Concord, Massachusetts, where his father was a conspicuous member of the Emersonian circle."

The protagonist in Santayana's novel The Last Puritan is said to be based in part on his college friend, Tom Sanborn.

I was born a moral aristocrat, able to obey only the voice of God, which means that of my own heart.... We will lie low, and dip under, until the flood has passed and wasted itself over our heads. We are not wanted. In the world to-day we are a belated phenomenon, like April snow. Perhaps it is time for us to die. If we resist, and try to cling to the fringes, as I have done so far, we are shaken off rudely, or allowed to hang on neglected and disowned. If we attempt to live apart, as my father did, we wither early into amiable ghosts.... We will not accept anything cheaper or cruder than our own conscience. We have dedicated ourselves to the truth, to living in the presence of the noblest things we can conceive. If we can't live so, we won't live at all.

Writings

Sanborn was an editor and regular contributor to the literary journals Harvard Monthly and Harvard Advocate and the humor magazine, the Harvard Lampoon. While on the staff of the Springfield Republican, his poetry and dramatic reviews were included without attribution. He also contributed to the magazines Puck and Life. In his biography of Henry Thoreau, Franklin Benjamin Sanborn included a portion of the poem "Endymion" by his son Thomas, who was seventeen at the time of its writing. The title of the poem refers to the myth of Endymion, a mortal who was so beautiful that the goddess of the moon fell in love with him and asked that he be given eternal youth; and so he was made to sleep a deathless sleep forever.  Frank Sanborn placed the poem at the conclusion of the chapter of his book wherein Thoreau dies, suggesting the beautiful Henry Thoreau is immortal.  From Endymion by Thomas Parker Sanborn:

Also written when Thomas was seventeen, the poem Concord River was printed for the first time in The Springfield Republican three days after his death.  In an article detailing the events of his funeral, Frank Sanborn stated Tom read the poem for Ralph Waldo Emerson. The following is an excerpt.

See also

 Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
 Victor Channing Sanborn
 The Harvard Monthly

Citations

External links

The Significance of Being Frank:the Life and Times of Franklin Benjamin Sanborn by Tom Foran Clark

Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States
1865 births
1889 deaths
Writers from Concord, Massachusetts
The Harvard Lampoon alumni
Suicides in Massachusetts
19th-century American poets
American male poets
19th-century male writers
Harvard Advocate alumni
Hasty Pudding alumni
1880s suicides


Mark Dragunski (born 22 December 1970) is a former German team handball player and currently a coach. He received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the German national team. He is European champion from 2004.

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
German male handball players
Olympic handball players for Germany
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in handball
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics


The 1990 New York gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Democratic Governor Mario Cuomo won a third term in office, making him the first Democrat elected to three terms as Governor of New York since Herbert H. Lehman.

Though the Republican Party and Conservative Party had run the same candidate through fusion voting  since 1974, the parties diverged in 1990. The Republican Party nominated Pierre "Pete" Rinfret, a former presidential advisor who became a millionaire in the financial sector. The Conservative Party nominated Herbert London, the dean of NYU Gallatin. While Rinfret was a relative moderate who supported abortion rights, London was known as a staunch social and fiscal conservative.

Cuomo won with an absolute majority of the vote, meaning that Rinfret and London's combined performance would not have been enough for a unified right flank to win. Had London received just 38,334 more votes, the Conservative Party would have secured Line B on all ballots in New York through the 1994 New York gubernatorial election. Additionally, the party would have been entitled to take over privileges designated for the two major parties, including authority over state and county Boards of Elections.

This election remains the best performance of the Conservative Party, both in terms of number of votes and percentage, for a gubernatorial election.

Democratic primary
Cuomo waited until June 1990 to officially announce his intention to run for a third term as governor, just 24 hours before the Democratic Party nominating convention. At the time, his approval rating hovered around 60% statewide, and his popularity meant that it was assumed that he would win reelection.

Candidates
Nominee
Mario Cuomo, incumbent Governor
Political commentators noted that Lieutenant Governor Stan Lundine was active on the 1990 campaign trail in a way he had not been four years prior. This was interpreted as an effort to boost his name recognition in order to run for governor in an open field in 1994. However, Cuomo's decision to run for a fourth term in 1994 prevented this from occurring.

Republican primary
In early 1990, Rudy Giuliani and J. Patrick Barrett, Chair of the New York State Republican Party, were considered among the possible contenders for the Republican nomination for governor.

Ultimately, Pierre Rinfret was chosen "by acclamation" as the Republican nominee for governor at the New York State Republican Convention held on May 30, 1990, in Rye Brook, New York.

Candidates
Nominee

 Pierre A. Rinfret, economist

Legacy
Since this election, the closest a minor party has come to taking over Line B with a candidate of its own was in 2002, when Tom Golisano, running on the Independence Party line, received 14.28% of the vote behind Carl McCall's 31.50% on the Democratic line, a difference of 17.22%.

The closest a single candidate has been on two different lines using fusion voting since the 1990 election was in 2006. In that election, John Faso received 23.54% on the Republican line and 3.59% on the Conservative line, a difference of 19.95%.

Results

References

1990
Gubernatorial
New York


Johannes Baptist Katschthaler (29 May 1832—27 February 1914) was an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Salzburg from 1900 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1903.

Biography
Johannes Katschthaler was born in Hippach, in the Austrian Tirol, and studied at the seminary in Salzburg. He was ordained to the priesthood on 31 July 1855, and became vicar of Rossen in 1857. After being made vicar of St. Johann, he began teaching at the Salzburg seminary. Katschthaler furthered his studies at the University of Salzburg, from where he obtained his doctorate in theology, and later joined the Theological Faculty at the same university on 1 May 1862. He began teaching ecclesiastical history at University of Innsbruck in 1874, and became a canon of the cathedral chapter of Salzburg in 1880. He was promoted to rector of seminary of Salzburg in 1882.

On 4 June 1891 Katschthaler was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Salzburg and Titular Bishop of Cybistra by Pope Leo XIII, receiving his episcopal consecration on the following July 12 from Archbishop Johannes Evangelist Haller. After becoming dean of the metropolitan chapter of Salzburg in 1892, he was later elected the seventy-fourth Archbishop of Salzburg by the cathedral chapter on 10 May 1900, being confirmed by Pope Leo on the following 17 December. In virtue of his new position, Katschthaler also held the title of Primas Germaniae.

Leo XIII created him Cardinal Priest of San Tommaso in Parione in the consistory of 22 June 1903. However, as a privilege of his see, Katschthaler was already allowed to wear the scarlet robes traditionally reserved for cardinals even before his elevation to cardinal. During his tenure, he participated in the papal conclave of 1903, which elected Pope Pius X, and promoted the Theological Faculty of Salzburg to form a separate University. In 1911, he was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan.

He died in Salzburg, at age 81. He is buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Salzburg.

References

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Dictionary of African Christian Biography

1832 births
1914 deaths
20th-century Austrian cardinals
Roman Catholic archbishops of Salzburg
Burials at Salzburg Cathedral
University of Salzburg alumni
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII


, also known as  was the fourth son to the reputed Mōri Motonari throughout the latter Sengoku Period of Feudal Japan. He has the same biological mother with Amano Motomasa and Kobayakawa Hidekane.

Family
Father: Mōri Motonari (1497–1571)
Mother: Nomi no Ōkata (?-1601)
Brothers:
 Mōri Takamoto (1523–1563)
 Kikkawa Motoharu (1530–1586)
 Kobayakawa Takakage (1533–1597)
 Kobayakawa Hidekane (1567–1601)
Son: Mōri Hidemoto (1579–1650)

Samurai
1551 births
1597 deaths


The 1986 New York gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Incumbent Democratic governor Mario Cuomo defeated Republican Andrew O'Rourke, the County Executive of Westchester County in a landslide. Cuomo carried all but 5 counties.

Republican nomination

Candidates
 Andrew P. O'Rourke, Westchester County Executive

Declined
James L. Emery, nominee for Lieutenant Governor in 1982
Rudy Giuliani, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York
Roy M. Goodman, State Senator from Manhattan
Henry Kissinger, former U.S. Secretary of State
Lewis Lehrman, banker and nominee for Governor in 1982

Lewis Lehrman, the 1982 Republican nominee for Governor, decided early on not to mount another candidacy versus Cuomo. Lehrman's decision to forgo a candidacy was seen as a blow to state Republican leaders, given his strong performance in 1982 and wide fundraising capacity. Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger considered running for Governor and was deemed an "able" challenger, and decision to ultimately pass on a candidacy also led to a leadership vacuum.

In the end, O'Rourke secured the Republican nomination, and was praised as an "extremely credible candidate" by White House official Bill Lacy. His running mate was E. Michael Kavanagh, who served as District Attorney of Ulster County.

Results

References

1986
Gubernatorial
New York


Tarapatie "Tara" Oedayraj Singh Varma (born August 29, 1948) is a former Dutch politician and former member of the House of Representatives for the GreenLeft party.

Life before politics
Although Tarapatie "Tara" Oedayraj (Udairaj) Singh Varma was born in British Guiana, she attended vocational education in the neighboring Dutch Surinam, which was a colony of the Netherlands at the time, studying teaching and law, without graduating. She then moved to Amsterdam, in the continental part of the Netherlands. In Amsterdam she became active for the Communist Party of the Netherlands. Between 1982 and 1994 she was member of the Amsterdam municipal council for the CPN, between 1986 and 1990 for the Left Accord, a common list of the Pacifist Socialist Party and the Political Party of Radicals, and between 1990 and 1994 for GreenLeft, which was formed by a merger of CPN, PSP, PPR, and the small Evangelical People's Party.

Singh Varma was very active in civil society. She was a member various boards of associations and foundations for migrants, women and other social groups. She founded and led an Amsterdam information point. She had a column in the women's weekly Furore, and was a member of the radio panel of the VARA radio show Punch. She also was treasurer of the Grenada Committee.

Political life
After the 1994 election, Singh Varma became a member of the House of Representatives. She succeeded Ina Brouwer, who had stepped down after the poor election results. She was the first female member of the House of Representatives who was not born in the Netherlands. When she entered parliament questions were raised about her integrity. There were questions surrounding fundraising efforts for the Grenada Foundation in which Singh Varma was involved. A committee led by former minister Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta came to the conclusion that Singh Varma had not embezzled money, but that her actions as treasurer had been neglectful. In parliament Singh Varma spoke on home affairs, health, and welfare. She paid particular attention to the position of migrant women. While in parliament she took many positions outside of parliament in boards of foundations and associations for migrants, women and other social groups. She chaired the Surinam Women's Council and was member of the board of the Volunteer Centre in Amsterdam, the migrant women centre Zami, and the prostitutes' trade union the Red Thread. In 1996 she claimed to be intimidated and attacked by far right groups. No proof of this was ever found.

In 1997 she was put on the ninth place on the GreenLeft list for the 1998 election. The committee for candidacy stated that she "did not excel in parliamentary work," but because of the unexpectedly good election result for the GreenLeft she was re-elected. She also got a large number of preference votes. In 1998 she was a member of the parliamentary inquiry committee on the airplane crash in the Bijlmermeer. This position got her national fame.

Singh Varma Affair
In 2000 Singh Varma claimed that she was less able to perform her work as Member of Parliament. Twice she appeared in the House of Representatives in a wheelchair. She claimed to suffer from an incurable form of cancer and announced that she would leave the House of Representatives to prepare for the end of her life.

In June 2001 the TROS television show Opgelicht?! (in English Conned?!) discovered that Singh Varma did not suffer from cancer. Moreover, according to this program, Singh Varma had not fulfilled financial promises to the Indian development organization Ninash Foundation, which had put the organization into financial problems.

First Singh Varma denied both claims and sued the journalists. In August 2001 she claimed that she had not suffered from cancer and instead suffered from post traumatic stress disorder after self-fabricated far right threats and her commitment to the victims of the plane crash in the Bijlmermeer. In 2002 she publicly apologized for her actions. She denied lying on purpose about her diseases and stated that she suffered from delusions and medical condition called pseudologia fantastica. Paul Rosenmöller, political leader of the GreenLeft at the time writes that he felt "cheated and angry" because of her revelations.

Life after politics
After leaving parliament Singh Varma became editor of the People's Newspaper Suriname around 2005. Later she worked in a Surinam deli.

References and footnotes

External links
profile on parlement.com Dutch language

1948 births
Living people
Dutch communists
Dutch people of Indian descent
Dutch people of Guyanese descent
Dutch people of Surinamese descent
GroenLinks politicians
Guyanese emigrants to the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Political scandals
20th-century Dutch women politicians
20th-century Dutch politicians


The 1982 New York gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1982, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Incumbent Democratic Governor Hugh Carey chose not to run for a third term, which resulted in an open race. Democratic nominee Mario Cuomo, the Lieutenant Governor of New York, narrowly defeated Republican Lewis Lehrman, a banker who ran as a conservative.

Both candidates had been considered unlikely victors of their respective parties' primaries. Cuomo had unexpectedly defeated Ed Koch, the Mayor of New York City, to win the Democratic nomination. Cuomo was considered a political liberal who worked to revitalize the New Deal coalition. Entering the race as a political novice, Lehrman reportedly spent $7 million to boost his profile through advertising, beginning as early as January 1981. Lehrman ran a law and order campaign, referring to criminals as "savages", and on fiscal policy pledged cuts to the state income tax.

Cuomo ultimately won what was described as "a classic left vs. right battle" by a 50.9 to 47.5 percent margin, buoyed by voters in New York City. Cuomo would go on to serve three terms in office before ultimately losing reelection in 1994.

Democratic primary

Candidates
 Mario Cuomo, Lieutenant Governor of New York and former Secretary of New York State
 Ed Koch, Mayor of New York City since 1978

Declined
 Robert Abrams, New York State Attorney General
 Carol Bellamy, New York City Council President
 Hugh Carey, incumbent Governor of New York since 1975

The Democratic primary shaped up as a rematch of the 1977 New York City mayoral election between Mario Cuomo and Ed Koch. Koch won a Democratic primary runoff narrowly over Cuomo and then defeated Cuomo, running on the Liberal Party of New York ticket, again in the general election. In the meantime, Cuomo had been elected Lieutenant Governor in 1978 and Koch had been re-elected to a second term as Mayor in 1981.

Governor Hugh Carey announced he would not stand for re-election to a third term on January 15, amid low approval ratings and nascent challenges from within his own party, including by Lieutenant Governor Mario Cuomo. After Carey announced he would not run, New York City Mayor Ed Koch entered the race. His decision in turn discouraged Robert Abrams and Carol Bellamy from running.

Campaign
Koch's status as the early front-runner was quickly derailed by the publication of an interview he had given to Playboy in late 1981, in which he exalted life in New York City and denigrated suburban and rural lifestyles in comparison. On a trip to Albany following the article's publication, Koch was booed loudly. He described the interview as "foolish" and apologized to upstate voters.

Both candidates emphasized their respective records. Cuomo differentiated himself by his opposition to the death penalty, and attempted to link Koch to Republican politicians and President Ronald Reagan. Nevertheless, at the June party convention in Albany, Koch received the party's endorsement with 61% of the vote.

Despite an early pledge of neutrality, Governor Carey endorsed Koch late in the campaign. Cuomo criticized Carey's decision to endorse Koch, and called Carey "a good Governor and a lousy politician.''

Results
Cuomo's victory was considered a "stunning upset" by the New York Times that relied on "an unusual coalition of liberal Democrats, labor, minorities and upstaters." Koch ran strongly in Jewish communities, while Cuomo won black, liberal, and Italian communities by a similar margin. A key to Cuomo's victory was his strong showing in New York City itself; though Koch won the city and its four suburban counties (Rockland, Westchester, Suffolk, and Nassau) as expected, Cuomo kept the margin close and won half of the city's Assembly districts. That, combined with large victories in nearly every upstate county, allowed Cuomo to win.

Koch endorsed Cuomo immediately, declaring "what's important to all of us is that we keep a Democrat in Albany."

Republican primary

Candidates
 Paul J. Curran, former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York
 Lewis Lehrman, investment banker and former president of Rite Aid

Declined
 Edward Regan, New York State Comptroller (ran for re-election)

Campaign
Lehrman spent heavily to raise his profile as a political novice. He spent over a year campaigning before the primary and spent a record $7 million, more than half of which was his own money. He began running television advertisements in January 1981. Curran spent less than $500 thousand. The Harvard Crimson summarized Lehrman's unexpected rise to victory:"Lehrman saturated the airwaves and took the Republican primary in a romp, reportedly spending more than $6 million of his own money for that initial race alone."Lehrman was also boosted by the endorsement of the Conservative Party, which was said to "strongly influence" the primary as it had in 1978, giving Lehrman a "head start" against the field. After he received the endorsement and it became evident the Conservative Party would stick by it, Edward Regan declined to run. Regan was widely seen as the leading candidate for the nomination. Regan's decision may also have been influenced by his reliance on Wall Street funding, which was largely devoted to Koch.

Lehrman utilized harsh rhetoric on the issue of crime, referring to criminals as "savages" and criticizing the Court of Appeals for deference to defendants. He pledged "systematic" cuts to the state income tax and raised the possibility of a sales tax reduction.

Results

General election

Candidates
 Jane Benedict (Unity)
 Robert J. Bohner (Right to Life)
 Mario Cuomo, Lieutenant Governor of New York (Democratic, Liberal)
 Lewis Lehrman, investment banker (Conservative, Republican, Statewide Independent)
 John H. Northrup (Libertarian)
 Nancy Ross (New Alliance)
 Diane Wang (Socialist Workers)

Results

References

1982
Gubernatorial
New York


The 1978 New York gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1978 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. It was the first reelection of a Democratic governor in New York since 1938.

Democratic primary

Candidates
Jeremiah B. Bloom, State Senator from Queens
Hugh L. Carey, incumbent Governor since 1975
Mary Anne Krupsak, Lieutenant Governor

Results

Results

1978
Gubernatorial
New York
November 1978 events in the United States