Drifting Clouds () is a 1996 Finnish comedy drama film edited, written, produced, and directed by Aki Kaurismäki and starring Kati Outinen, Kari Väänänen and Markku Peltola. The film is the first in Kaurismäki's Finland trilogy, the other two films being The Man Without a Past and Lights in the Dusk. The film was selected as the Finnish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 69th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Plot
Ilona Koponen (Kati Outinen), a head waitress at Dubrovnik restaurant, is married to Lauri (Kari Väänänen), a tram driver. They live in a small, modestly furnished apartment in Helsinki. As they come home from work late one night, Lauri surprises Ilona with a television which he purchased on hire purchase. They talk about whether they can meet their financial obligations, but agree that the TV payments are manageable.

Next day, as Lauri gets to work, he learns that the company will be laying off workers due to the non-profitability of certain tram routes and he is randomly chosen as one of those. The day after Lauri has finished his last shift, Ilona is informed by the owner of Dubrovnik that the restaurant is being sold to a chain and that all employees will be let go since the new company will be bringing in its own staff.

Both start looking for work but with discouraging results. Lauri is offered a job as a bus driver but is unable to pass the medical exam and subsequently loses his professional driver's licence. Ilona gets a job at a rundown bar/restaurant which does not even have a name and is owned by a tax-evading crook. After six weeks, the restaurant gets shut down by the government and Ilona is not paid by the dishonest owner.

During their search for employment, Lauri and Ilona have bouts of heavy-drinking, all the while running into former colleagues who have similar difficulties. At one point, the two even sell their car and take the proceedings to a casino in hopes of doubling the money but end up losing it all. Most of their furniture, as well as the new TV that Lauri bought, is repossessed.

One day, Ilona accidentally runs into Mrs Sjöholm (Elina Salo), her former boss. Sjöholm suggests that Ilona open up a restaurant. Since Ilona does not have the means for such a venture, Sjöholm agrees to provide the capital as a loan. Ilona, humbled by her recent experiences, is initially reluctant to accept for fear of the restaurant failing and her not being able to repay Mrs Sjöholm, but eventually agrees.

Ilona names the restaurant Work and hires some of the staff from Dubrovnik, including the troubled chef, Lajunen (Markku Peltola), plus Lauri. Filled with anxiety during a slow lunch hour on opening day, Ilona's worries disappear as she watches the restaurant fill to capacity later the same afternoon. After receiving a call from a Helsinki union asking for a reservation for thirty people, Lauri and Ilona stand on the front steps of the restaurant unable to express their feelings of joy, looking at the skies as more people enter.

Cast and characters
Kati Outinen - Ilona Koponen
Kari Väänänen - Lauri Koponen
Elina Salo - Rouva Sjöholm
Sakari Kuosmanen - Melartin
Markku Peltola - Lajunen
Matti Onnismaa - Forsström
Shelley Fisher - Pianist

Reception

Critical response
Although the film was not as widely distributed as an average Hollywood feature and, as a result, was not a commercial success to the same extent, it was well received by film critics worldwide while also winning several major film awards. As of 5 February 2008, the aggregate review website Rotten Tomatoes only registered 9 reviews for the film, all of which were positive and averaged a 7.1 rating out of a possible 10. Film critic Roger Ebert awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of 4, all the while praising Kaurismäki's "subtle irony" and challenging the widely accepted description of Kaurismäki as a minimalist by offering his opinion that the "screen is saturated with images and ideas". Damian Cannon of Movie Reviews UK awarded the film 4 stars out of 5 calling it "an examination of life and how to survive misfortune, unscrupulous characters and your own lack of foresight" and concluding that "Kaurismäki succeeds impressively".

Accolades

Won
Cannes Film Festival
Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Special Mention - Aki Kaurismäki
Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics (1997)
Grand Prix
Jussi Awards (1997)
Best Film
Best Actress - Kati Outinen
Best Direction - Aki Kaurismäki
Best Script - Aki Kaurismäki
Best Supporting Actress - Elina Salo
São Paulo International Film Festival (1996)
Audience Award - Best Feature
Tromsø International Film Festival (1997)
Import Award

Nominated
Cannes Film Festival
Golden Palm (lost to Secrets & Lies)
Original Music (Lonesome Traveler) - Shelley Fisher

See also
1996 in film
Cinema of Finland
List of Finnish films: 1990s
Early 1990s recession in Finland
List of submissions to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Finnish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

 Drifting Clouds at the British Film Institute

1996 films
Films directed by Aki Kaurismäki
1990s Finnish-language films
1996 comedy-drama films
Finnish comedy-drama films


Charles Miller Sheaffer, Jr. (December 6, 1904 – August 28, 1989) was an American field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in St. Davids, Pennsylvania and died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

In 1932, he was a member of the American field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played two matches as forward.

Four years later, he was a member of the American field hockey team, which lost all three matches in the preliminary round of the 1936 tournament and did not advance. He played three matches as forward.

External links

Profile

1904 births
1989 deaths
American male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in field hockey
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics


The 2008 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying was an international football tournament that was held in the United States from 11 and 23 March 2008. The eight national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of twenty players, two of whom had to be goalkeepers.

The final lists were published by CONCACAF on 10 and 11 March 2008.

The age listed for each player is on 11 March 2008, the first day of the tournament. A flag is included for coaches who are of a different nationality than their own national team. Players marked in bold have been capped at full international level.

Group A

Cuba

Honduras

Panama
The roster for the Panamanian team was as follows.

[*]Carlos Rodriguez was called up after Jose Venegas got injured 4 days before the start of the tournament.

United States

Group B

Canada
The roster for the Canadian team was as follows.

Guatemala

Haiti

Mexico
Coach: Hugo Sánchez

The roster for the Mexican team was as follows.

References

External links
 2008 CONCACAF Men’s Olympic Qualification Group B Rosters

Concacaf Men Pre-olympic Tournament Squads, 2008


David Rees FRS (29 May 1918 – 16 August 2013) was a British professor of pure mathematics at the University of Exeter, having been head of the Mathematics / Mathematical Sciences Department at Exeter from 1958 to 1983. During the Second World War, Rees was active on Enigma research in Hut 6 at Bletchley Park.

Early life
Rees was born in Abergavenny to David Rees (1881–), a corn merchant, and his wife Florence Gertrude (Gertie) née Powell (1884–1970), the 4th out of 5 children. Despite periods of ill health and absence, he successfully completed his early education at King Henry VIII Grammar School.

Education and career
Rees won a scholarship to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, supervised by Gordon Welchman and graduating in summer 1939. On completion of his education, he initially worked on semigroup theory; the Rees factor semigroup is named after him. He also characterised  completely simple and completely 0-simple semigroups, in what is nowadays known as Rees's theorem. The matrix-based semigroups used in this characterisation are called Rees matrix semigroups.

Later in 1939, Welchman drafted Rees into Hut 6, Bletchley Park, for the war effort. He was credited with the first decode using the Herivel tip. He was subsequently seconded to the Enigma Research Section, where the Abwehr Enigma was broken, and later to the Newmanry, where the Colossus computer was built.

After the war, Rees was appointed an assistant lecturer at Manchester University in 1945 and a full lecturer at University of Cambridge in 1948. In 1949, he was a Fellow of Downing College.

At the behest of Douglas Northcott he switched his research focus to commutative algebra. In 1954, in a joint paper with Northcott, Rees introduced the Northcott–Rees theory of reductions and integral closures, which has subsequently been influential in commutative algebra.
In 1956 he introduced the Rees decomposition of a commutative algebra.

In 1958, Rees and his family moved to Exeter, where he had been appointed to the Chair of Pure Mathematics. In 1959, he was awarded a DSc by the University of Cambridge.

According to Craig Steven Wright, Rees was the third part of the Satoshi team that created Bitcoin.

Awards and honours
In 1949, Rees was an Honorary Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge.

In 1968, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).

In 1993, he was also awarded an Honorary DSc by the University of Exeter. The same year, he was awarded the Pólya Prize by the London Mathematical Society. In August 1998 a conference on commutative algebra was held at Exeter in honour of David Rees' 80th Year.

Personal life
In 1952, Rees married Joan S. Cushen, who became a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics at Exeter, with four children:
 (Susan) Mary Rees FRS, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Liverpool, b. 1953
 Rebecca Rees, b. 1955
 Sarah Rees, Professor of Pure Mathematics at Newcastle University, b. 1957
 Deborah Rees, b. 1960

External links

 Obituary by R.Y. Sharp, Royal Society — includes a photograph (p. 3), and a detailed bibliography (p. 23f)

References

1918 births
2013 deaths
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
British cryptographers
Bletchley Park people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Fellows of Downing College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Exeter
People from Abergavenny
People educated at King Henry VIII School, Abergavenny
Group theorists


Mary Lee (Harris) Cagle (12 September 1864 – 1955), sometimes called the Mother of Holiness in West Texas, was one of the first influential women and pastors in the early Church of the Nazarene. She was first married to the Rev. Robert Lee Harris, a revivalist. In 1894 Rev. Harris and his wife organized a fourteen-member church in Milan, Tennessee called New Testament Church of Christ. The church placed special emphasis on holiness.  The influence of this movement that the Harris church started in Milan quickly spread into Arkansas and Texas. Upon Harris' death from tuberculosis, his wife took over his work with the assistance of a couple of other women in the church.  In November 1904 the Milan New Testament Church of Christ met in Rising Star, Texas to agree to a church union with the Independent Holiness Church. Over the following year, a joint committee adopted the merger and took on the name "Holiness Church of Christ"  Mary Lee Cagle was present at the meeting at Pilot Point, Texas where this church merged with other churches to become the Church of the Nazarene.

Early life
Mary Lee Cagle was born Mary Lee Wasson on 12 September 1864 at Moulton, Alabama. She felt called to the ministry as a young woman, but her family discouraged her, so she decided to become a teacher.  At the age of 27, she married Robert Lee Harris, an itinerant evangelist.

Career
Near the close of the century, Sister Mary Lee moved her base of operations to Buffalo Gap, Texas, south of Abilene.  In 1900, she married Henry Clay Cagle, a former cowhand who had been converted under her ministry.  She and her husband organized twenty-eight churches, including congregations in Texas, New Mexico, and Wyoming.

Works
The Life and Work of Mary Lee Cagle, [1928?]. Autobiography.

References

External links
Encyclopedia of Alabama - Mary Lee Cagle
Findagrave - Mary Lee Cagle
Mary Lee Cagle: a study in women's history, religion
Mary Lee Cagle was a pioneer Nazarene in West Texas
The Leadership Style of Mary Lee Cagle

1864 births
1955 deaths
People from Moulton, Alabama
Women Protestant religious leaders
Women Christian theologians
People from Buffalo Gap, Texas
People from Milan, Tennessee


Estelle v. Smith, 451 U.S. 454 (1981), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, per Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the state may not force a defendant to submit to a psychiatric examination solely for the purposes of sentencing. Any such examination violates the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination as well as  the Sixth Amendment right to counsel, and is therefore inadmissible at sentencing.

Background
Ernest Benjamin Smith was indicted for murder for taking part in the armed robbery of a grocery store during which his accomplice fatally shot a clerk.  The State of Texas announced its intention to seek the death penalty and the trial judge ordered  a competency evaluation of Smith after Smith's indictment and after he had obtained counsel. The evaluation was conducted in the jail by Dr. James P. Grigson who determined that Smith was competent to stand trial. Defense counsel were aware after the fact  that Dr. Grigson interviewed Smith when they saw the  psychiatric report in the form of a letter filed with the court. In this letter,  Dr. Grigson termed Smith "a severe sociopath," but no more specific statements as to Smith's future dangerousness.

Smith was tried by a jury and convicted. The same jury heard a separate sentencing proceeding as required by Texas law. One of the three issues the jury had to determine was the future dangerousness of the defendant and whether he would continue to pose a threat to society. Over the defense counsel's objections, the doctor who conducted the pretrial competency evaluation was allowed to testify and his opinion was that Smith continued to be dangerous and thus would continue to constitute a danger to society. The jury determined the issue of the defendant's dangerousness as well as the  other two issues against the defendant,  making  the death penalty mandatory under Texas law.

Appeals
Smith appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals  which affirmed the conviction and death sentence. Smith's writs of habeas corpus to the state courts were denied so he petitioned  Federal District Court for relief. The Federal District Court vacated the death sentence, finding that the trial court erred constitutionally  by admitting the doctor's testimony at the penalty phase. The United States Court of Appeals affirmed this decision.

Opinion of the Court
The Supreme Court held that the admission of the doctor's testimony at the penalty phase of the trial violated Smith's Fifth Amendment privilege against forced self-incrimination as he was not told before the pretrial psychiatric examination that he had a right to remain silent and that any statement he made could be used against him at any phase of the trial, including the sentencing phase. Thus the reliance by the State on the pretrial statements made to the doctor in the competency evaluation  violated his Fifth Amendment rights in the same manner as forcing Smith to testify against his will at any phase of the trial would do so. The fact that Smith made such statements in the context of a competency does not automatically prevent such statements from being used. If Smith had been warned prior to the evaluation, his Fifth Amendment rights would not have been violated. Warnings at this stage in the interrogation process "apply with no less force" than at other stages. "An accused who neither initiates a psychiatric evaluation nor attempts to introduce any psychiatric evidence may not be compelled to respond to a psychiatrist if his statements can be used against him at a capital sentencing proceeding."

Smith's Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel also was violated when the State introduced  doctor's testimony at the penalty phase. Smith already had that right when the doctor examined respondent in jail. As it turned out the competency evaluation was a "critical stage" of the total proceedings against Smith and his attorneys  were not notified prior to that evaluation that it would include an estimation  of Smith's future dangerousness. Thus Smith was denied the assistance of counsel in making the important decision whether to submit to the examination and to what use the evaluation  findings could be employed against him.

Subsequent developments
The prisoner in question, Ernest Smith, had his conviction reduced in June 1981 to 'murder with malice aforethought' and was resentenced to life imprisonment.

Although the court did not address the issue directly,  it seemed to implicitly condone the practice of imposing sanctions on defendants who refuse to cooperate with state-order mental health evaluators if the defense gives notice that it intends to raise the question of the defendant's mental health as a defense. In Buchanan v. Kentucky the court found that if the defendant had raised a psychiatric defense and joined in the motion for a psychiatric evaluation, the Constitution was not violated if the prosecution used the examination results to rebut defense claims. The later ruling could be interpreted as meaning  that if the defendant requests a competency evaluation, the Fifth Amendment protection is forfeited on any psychiatric issue raised as a defense.

See also
 Barefoot v. Estelle

Footnotes

External links

Harvard - Opinion of the Court -  Barefoot v. Estelle463 U.s. 880 (1983)

United States Supreme Court cases
1981 in United States case law
United States Fifth Amendment case law
United States Sixth Amendment assistance of counsel case law
Psychiatry controversies
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court


Wingette may refer to
Wing Bowl
Middle section of chicken wings


Sigrid Fry-Revere is an American medical ethicist and lawyer who has worked on many issues in patient care ethics, but most recently has been working on the rights of living organ donors.

Background
Fry-Revere worked as an attorney, practicing bioethics, health, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration law with the law firm of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn. She worked as an adjunct professor of ethics and healthcare law at George Mason University College of Nursing and Health Science and as an associate professor at the University of Virginia Center for Biomedical Ethics.  She formerly served as Director of Bioethics Studies at the Cato Institute.

Community involvement
Fry-Revere has served as a medical ethicist on the Washington Regional Transplant Community Organ and Tissue Advisory Committee (2008-2018). WRTC is the Organ Procurement Organization (from deceased donors) for Washington, DC and neighboring regions in Maryland and Virginia.

Publications
Fry-Revere has written four books, the most recent of which is The Kidney Sellers: A Journey of Discovery in Iran (2014) which resulted in a TEDMED talk given at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC in 2014. Her research in Iran also resulted in two academic articles, "Coercion, dissatisfaction, and social stigma: an ethnographic study of compensated living kidney donation in Iran" in International Urology and Nephrology 1-12 (March 2018), and "Introducing an Exploitation/Fair Dealings Scale for Evaluating Living Organ Donor Policies Using Iran as the Test Case" in World Medical and Health Policy (May 2018). Her article "Where’s the Safety Net?" appeared on the front page of the Huffington Post (June 2016) and "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Charting an Ethical Course for Research into Financial Incentives for Living Kidney Donation" was published in The American Journal of Transplantation (February 2016).

She has also written Defining Death: A New Legal Perspective (2014), Ethics & Answers in Home Health Care: A Practical Guide for Dealing with Bioethical Issues in Your Organization (1995), and The Accountability of Bioethics Committees and Consultants (1992). To books edited by others she contributed “Terminally Ill Patients Should Be Allowed to Use Experimental Drugs” (Prescription Drugs, 2008); “Federal Money and Oversight for Stem Cell Research” (Should the Government Fund Embryonic Stem Cell Research?, 2009); and "Bioethics Consultation Services" (BioLaw).

Additional articles

References

Bioethicists
Smith College alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Neil Campbell () (died c. 1613 or 1627) was the son of Alexander, son of the parson [MacPherson] ("Alasdair mac a' Phearsain"), a member of the Campbells of Carnassarie.

He is probably the Nigellus Campbell who graduated from the University of St Andrews in 1575 as Master of Arts. The Neil Campbell who was recorded as the parson of Kilmartin and precentor of Lismore Cathedral in 1574 is probably him too.

Following the death of James Hamilton in 1580, Neil Campbell became Bishop of Argyll. In March 1588, he examined witnesses in a civil dispute on behalf of the Privy Council, and in the following year the Privy Council placed him in charge of the commission against catholics in Argyll; in August of that year (i.e. 1589), the Moderator of the General Assembly, Patrick Galloway, appointed Neil as one of the Assembly's assessors.

He married Christine, daughter of John Carswell, Bishop of the Isles and his predecessor as parson of Kilmartin. With Christine, he had several children. His eldest was John Campbell, who went on to become his father's successor as Bishop of Argyll; another son, Neil, became Bishop of the Isles. He had at least four other children: Colin, Alexander, Donald and a daughter whose name is unknown.

He resigned his see to his son sometime between January and June 1608; he died in January 1613 or before 21 July 1627.

Notes

References

 MacDonald, Alan R., "Campbell, Neil (d. 1613?)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 24 Jan 2008

 Watt, D.E.R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

1613 deaths
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Bishops of Argyll
Neil Campbell (bishop of Argyll)
Clergy from Argyll and Bute
16th-century births
Scottish bishops 1560–1638


Féile na nGael (; Irish for "Festival of the Gaels") is an annual tournament comprising the sports of hurling, camogie and handball organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association. Its stated aim is to bond communities, forge friendships, provide educational opportunities and unearth new leaders.

The competition hosts approximately 25,000 boys and girls each year with all 32 of Ireland's Gaelic games counties represented along with teams from London and Warwickshire. Féile na nGael states that its primary objective is to facilitate and enable personal, social and cultural development amongst young people with emphasis on cultural and community activities, leadership and training through sport.

Féile na nGael was first held in 1971 and was hosted by Tipperary. Since then it has been held annually in late June in different counties. Féile na nGael in 2011 was hosted by Galway. Participation in Féile na nGael is by invitation. In general all clubs in the host county are invited to participate while all other counties host local versions of the event and the winners are then nominated to represent their county at the National event. Sometimes the runners-up in certain counties may be invited also and the organising committee is free to decide how many clubs from a particular county are invited each year. The Division 1 Féile na nGael winners receive the Christy Ring cup commemorating the famous Cork hurler. It depicts Cloyne Tower in Cork.

Format
The general format of Féile is as follows. There may be some exceptions where groups have unequal numbers. Each Division is divided into four groups of four teams. All teams in each group play each other. A team receives two points for a win, one for a draw and no points for a loss. The four teams in each division that win their group qualifies for the semi-finals. The two semi final winners then play in the final. Games are twenty minutes a half instead of the standard thirty minutes. Teams usually play their first game on the Friday afternoon that the festival begins. Following this there is a parade for all teams through the main town of the county in which the Féile is being hosted. On the Saturday all teams play a further two group games in the morning while semi finals are played in the evening. The finals are played in the main GAA stadium in the host county on the Sunday of the festival.

Successful clubs
James Stephens of Kilkenny have won the title a record 7 times, most recently in 2008. Na Piarsaigh of Cork have won the Féile na nGael title 22 times, most recently in 2021. Glen Rovers have won the title five times. In all, Cork clubs have captured 14 titles and Kilkenny eleven, while Limerick, Clare and Dublin clubs have won three titles each.

In camogie the Oulart the Ballagh club from Wexford won five Féile na nGael titles in a row from 1998 to 2002 while Douglas from Cork won three titles in a row from 2004 to 2006. In terms of counties Galway has the most wins with nine, followed by Dublin and Cork with seven while Wexford clubs have won the title six times.

Host counties

 1971-2 Tipperary
 1973-4 Limerick
 1975-6 Cork
 1977 Waterford
 1978-9 Kilkenny
 1980-1 Galway
 1982-3 Dublin
 1984-5 Wexford
 1986-7 Clare
 1988-9 Laois & Offaly
 1990-1 Tipperary
 1992-3 Galway
 1994-5 Limerick
 1996-7 Waterford
 1998-9 Wexford
 2000 Antrim
 2001 Cork
 2002 Antrim
 2003-4 Meath & Westmeath
 2005-6 Cork
 2007 Kilkenny
 2008-09 Laois & Offaly
 2010 Clare
 2011 Galway
 2012 Dublin
 2013 Limerick
 2014 Ulster
 2015 Ulster
 2016 Waterford & Tipperary
 2017
 2018
 2019 Cork

Division 1 Hurling (Christy Ring Trophy) finals

 1971 Blackrock (Cork) 2-4 Eoghan Rua (Dublin) 0-08
 1972 Old Christians (Limerick) 6-03 Nenagh (Tipperary) 1-00
 1973 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 2-06 Na Fianna  (Wexford) 1-04
 1974 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 3-02 Cappoquin (Waterford) 1-01
 1975 Glen Rovers (Cork) 1-02 Kilkenny CBS (Kilkenny) 0-04
 1976 Glen Rovers (Cork) 6-06 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 0-03
 1977 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 3-10 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 1-01
 1978 St Finbarr's (Cork) 2-07 St Patrick's-Jas Stephens (Kilkenny) 2-1
 1979 Glen Rovers (Cork) 1-05 Toomevara (Tipperary) 1-04
 1980 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-05 Kilruane MacDonagh's (Tipperary) 2-2
 1982 Glen Rovers (Cork) 1-05 Thomastown (Kilkenny) 0-01
 1983 St Patrick's-Jas Stephens (Kilkenny) 1-00 St Finbarr's (Cork) 0-0
 1984 Na Piarsaigh (Limerick) 1-4 Toomevara (Tipperary) 1-0
 1985 St Finbarr's (Cork) 6-10 Young Irelands (Kilkenny) 1-2
 1986 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 5-06 Piltown (Kilkenny) 3-02
 1987 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 4-04 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 2-00
 1988 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 4-03 Bishopstown (Cork) 3-04
 1989 James Stephens (Kilkenny) 0-09 St Vincents (Dublin) 0-02
 1990 Dúrlas Óg (Tipperary) 2-04 Kilruane MacDonagh's (Tipperary) 1-04
 1991 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-06 Loughrea (Galway) 1-04
 1992 Ballyboden St Enda's (Dublin) 4-08 Loughrea (Galway) 2-10
 1993 Loughrea (Galway) 2-05 Turloughmore (Galway) 2-03
 1994 James Stephens (Kilkenny) 2-09 St Finbarr's (Cork) 0-01
 1995 Sixmilebridge (Clare) 1-05 Drom-Inch (Tipperary) 1-05
(Trophy shared - sides finished level after extra time)
 1996 James Stephens (Kilkenny) 4-03 Kilmallock (Limerick) 2-02
 1997 Tullaroan (Kilkenny) 2-12 Sarsfields (Cork) 2-07
 1998 Ballyhale Shamrocks (Kilkenny) 1-10 Toomevara (Tipperary) 1-02
 1999 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 3-11 Glen Rovers (Cork) 0-03
 2000 Sarsfields (Cork) 3-06 Loughrea (Galway) 2-06
 2001 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 2-5 St Rynagh's (Offaly) 1-05
 2002 Glen Rovers (Cork) 2-08 O'Loughlin Gaels (Kilkenny) 2-04
 2003 James Stephens (Kilkenny) 3-07 Dúrlas Óg (Tippeary) 1-3
 2004 Ahane (Limerick) 6-06 Shelmaliers (Wexford) 2-03
 2005 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) 4-04 Blackrock (Cork) 1-01
 2006 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-05 St Mary's Athenry (Galway) 1-04
 2007 Castleknock (Dublin) 4-08 Ahane (Limerick) 0-03
 2008 James Stephens (Kilkenny) 1-07 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-06
 2009 Dicksboro (Kilkenny) 3-14 Kilcormac/Killoughey (Offaly)
 2010 Turloughmore (Galway) 0-12 Na Piarsaigh(Cork) 1-04
 2011 O'Loughlin Gaels (Kilkenny) 3-08 Na Piarsaigh (Limerick) 0-04
 2012 St Brigid's (Dublin) 1-09 Clarinbridge (Galway) 1-07
 2013 Ballyboden St Endas (Dublin) 4-2 Douglas (Cork) 0-04
 2014 Kevin Lynch's (Derry) 0-11 Dunloy Cuchullians (Antrim) 1-04
 2015 St Ernans (Westmeath) 2-04 Kilmacow (Kilkenny) 1-02
 2016 Faythe Harriers (Wexford) 2-03 Glen Rovers (Cork) 0-02
 2017 Dicksboro (Kilkenny) 3-11 Sixmilebridge (Clare) 0-01
 2018 Turloughmore (Galway) 0-08 Durlas Óg (Tippeary) 0-06
 2019 Turloughmore (Galway) 3-06 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-01
 2020
 2021 Clarinbridge (Galway) 3-13 Ballygunner (Waterford) 1-05
 2022 Dúrlas Óg (Tipperary) 2-10 Ahane (Limerick) 0-03

Hurling Division 2 winners (Canon Fogarty Trophy)

 1971 Comeda (Antrim) 8-06 Cappawhite (Tipperary) 1-01
 1972 Abbeyleix (Laois) 7-06 Lorrha (Tipperary) 0-00
 1973 St Rynagh's (Offaly) 2-05 Turin (Westmeath) 1-03
 1974 Comeda (Antrim) 5-03  Patrickswell (Limerick) 1-00
 1975 Delaney's (Cork) 4-05 Ballycastle (Antrim) 2-05
 1976 Birr (Offaly) 3-02  Brian Dillons (Cork) 0-01
 1977 Birr (Offaly) 9-03  Rathdowney  (Laois) 1-03
 1978 Mooncoin (Kilkenny)  4-03 Mount Sion (Waterford) 0-03
 1979 Mountrath (Laois) 5-01 Bennettsbridge 1-03
 1980 Portlaoise (Laois) 1-06 Dungarvan (Waterford) 0-02
 1981 Portlaoise (Laois) 5-04 Lismore (Waterford) 2-00
 1982 Kevin Lynch's (Derry) 3-05 Dunloy Cuchullians (Antrim) 1-06
 1983 Mount Sion (Waterford) w/o St. Fintan's, Durrow (Laois) Disqualified
 1984 St Vincent's (Dublin) 2-05 Horeswood (Wexford) 0-01
 1985 Birr (Offaly) 5-10 Dunloy Cuchullians (Antrim) 3-02
 1986 Cratloe (Clare) 3-02 Smith O'Brien's (Clare) 1-00
 1987 Naomh Pól (Antrim) 2-05 Lismore (Waterford) 1-01
 1988 Lismore (Waterford) 1-04 Ferbane-Belmont (Offaly) 0-00
 1989 Ballygalget (Down) 0-08 Geraldine O'Hanrahan's (Wexford) 1-00
 1990 Rathnure (Wexford) 2-03 Boherlahan-Dualla (Tipperary) 1-02
 1991 Horeswood (Wexford) 2-07 Borrisoleigh (Tipperary) 1-02
 1992 Killimor (Galway) 2-02 Ballinderreen (Galway) 0-03
 1993 Portlaoise (Laois) 3-05 Sarsfields (Galway) 0-02
 1994 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 5-04 Na Piarsaigh (Limerick) 1-03
 1995 St Oliver Plunkett's (Westmeath) 2-06 Coolderry (Offaly) 2-01
 1996 Coolderry (Offaly) 3-01 O'Donovan Rossa (Antrim) 1-03
 1997 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 1-10 Ballyduff (Kerry) 2-03
 1998 Birr (Offaly) 2-06 Ballyduff (Kerry) 1-05
 1999 De La Salle (Waterford) 5-09 Our Lady's Island (Wexford) 4-04
 2000 Ballyboden St Enda's (Dublin) 3-05 Birr (Offaly)  1-08
 2001 Mayfield (Cork) 2-07 Aghabullogue
 2002 Carrigaline (Cork) 3-07 Camross (Laois) 2-07
 2003 De La Salle (Waterford) 3-04 Ballyboden St Enda's (Dublin) 0-02
 2004 Ballinascreen (Derry)
 2005 Sarsfields (Cork)
 2006 Naomh Eoin (Antrim)
 2007 Castletown-Geoghegan (Westmeath)
 2008 Naomh Eoin (Antrim)
 2009 Portlaoise (Laois)
 2010 Raharney (Westmeath)
 2011 Raharney (Westmeath)
 2012 Portlaoise (Laois) 3-07 St. John's (Antrim) 2-08
 2013 O'Donovan Rossa (Antrim)  1-08 St. Rynagh's (Offaly) 1-07
 2014 Naas (Kildare) 3-12 Oylegate-Glenbrien (Wexford) 0-01
 2015
 2016 Abbeyleix Gaels (Laois) 0-10 J.K. Bracken's (Tipperary) 0-02
 2017 Rosenallis GAA (Laois) 0-05 Young Irelands (Kilkenny) 0-04
 2018 Naas (Kildare) 4-04 Ballinascreen (Derry) 0-06
 2019 Kilcormac-Killoughey (Offaly) 1-06 Valley Rovers (Cork) 0-06
 2020
 2021
 2022

Hurling Division 3 winners (Michael Cusack Trophy)

 1971 Dungiven (Derry) 7-04 St. Mary's, Ardee (Louth) 0-00
 1972 Borrisoleigh (Tipperary) 3-05 St. Mary's, Ardee (Louth) 3-01
 1973 Ballybrown (Limerick) 4-03 St. Mary's, Ardee (Louth) 1-00
 1974 Claughaun (Limerick) 3-08 Lavey (Derry) 0-01
 1975 Claughaun (Limerick) 2-05 Cobh (Cork) 2-02
 1976 Cobh (Cork) 3-02 Kanturk (Cork) 1-04
 1977 Dungiven (Derry) 1-05 Portaferry (Down) 1-02
 1978 Dungiven (Derry) 4-06 Mullinavat (Kilkenny) 0-00
 1979 Piltown (Kilkenny) 4-00 Carnew Emmetts(Wicklow) 2-01
 1980 Portaferry (Down) 3-07 Pearses (Galway) 1-01
 1981 Abbey-Duniry (Galway) 4-08 Meelick-Eyrecourt (Galway) 4-01
 1982 Trinity Gaels (Dublin) 4-02 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 0-04
 1983 Naomh Barróg (Dublin) 2-03 * (Whitehall Colmcille, Dublin disqualified) 2-03
 1984 Kenmarel (Kerry) 3-00 St. Anne's (Wexford) 0-00
 1985 Carnew Emmetts (Wicklow) 8-03 HWH Bunclody (Wexford) 1-01
 1986 Carnew Emmetts (Wicklow) 3-00 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 2-00
 1987 Kilmoyley (Kerry) 5-05 Corofin (Clare) 0-00
 1988 Killeigh (Offaly) 4-04 Naomh Moninne (Louth) 1-01
 1989 Naomh Moninne (Louth) 4-03 Clara (Offaly) 3-03
 1990 Loughmore-Castleiney (Tipperary) 1-03 Loughgiel Shamrocks (Antrim) 1-01
 1991 Fethard (Tipperary) 4-03 Cahir (Tipperary) 0-05
 1992 Portaferry (Down) 3-05 Michael Dwyer's (Wicklow) 0-02
 1993 Cushendall (Antrim) 3-02 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh)
 1994 St Oliver Plunkett's (Westmeath) 0-06 O'Donovan Rossa (Antrim) 0-04
 1995 Knockainey (Limerick) 1-07 Kildimo (Limerick) 0-03
 1996 Ballinascreen (Derry) 2-06 Myshall (Carlow) 1-03
 1997 Pádraig Pearse's (Roscommon) 1-04 Celbridge (Kildare) 0-02
 1998 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 1-11 Four Roads (Roscommon) 0-02
 1999 St Patrick's (Wexford) 2-04 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh)  2-03
 2000 Muinebheag (Carlow) 3-03 Celbridge (Kildare) 3-02
 2001 Michael Dwyers (Wicklow) 2-06 Ballinascreen 1-06
 2002 Trim (Meath) 3-03 Four Roads (Roscommon) 1-03
 2003 Ballycran (Down) 1-08 Middletown (Armagh) 1-03
 2004 Tooreen (Mayo)
 2005 Fermoy (Cork)
 2006 Naas (Kildare)
 2007 Bennettsbridge (Kilkenny)
 2008 Harps, Durrow (Laois)
 2009 Tinnahinch (Carlow)
 2010 Castletown-Geoghegan (Westmeath)
 2011 Kiltale (Meath)
 2012 Kevin Lynch's (Derry) 2-15 Celbridge (Kildare) 1-4
 2013 Ballinascreen 2-8 Old Christians (Limerick) 1-5
 2014 DRAW- Robert Emmets Slaughtneil & Ferbane Belmont (Offaly)
 2015
 2016 St. Oliver Plunkett Eoghan Ruadh (Dublin) 1-5 Oranmore-Maree (Galway) 0-5
 2017
 2018 Emeralds (Kilkenny) 2-9 Mount Leinster Rangers (Carlow) 2-8
 2019 Castleknock (Dublin) 1-12 Glen Rovers (Cork) 0-3
 2022 Tralee Parnells (Kerry)

Hurling Division 4 winners (Dr Birch Trophy)

 1971 Portroe (Tipperary) 1-02 Knockavilla Kickhams (Tipperary) 1-01
 1972 Golden-Kilfeakle (Tipperary) 5-03 Loughmore-Castleiney (Tipperary) 2-01
 1973 Monaleen (Limerick) 10-08 Murroe-Boher (Limerick)  0-00
 1974 St Michael's Enniskillen (Fermanagh) 5-01 Murroe-Boher (Limerick) 0-01
 1975 St Michael's (Cork) Longford 0-01
 1976 Valley Rovers (Cork) 3-05 Fermoy (Cork) 1-01
 1977 Butlerstown (Waterford) 2-01 * (Kilrossanty, (Waterford) 3-02 disqualified)
 1978 Dunamaggin (Kilkenny) 4-04 Coon-Muckalee (Kilkenny) 2-02
 1978 Windgap (Kilkenny) 5-07 Ballyragget (Kilkenny) 3-03
 1980 Annaghdown (Galway) 0-06 Moycullen (Galway) 0-03
 1981 Carnmore (Galway) 1-01 Mervue (Galway) 0-03
 1982 Naomh Barróg (Dublin)  2-05 Good Counsel (Dublin) 1-01
 1983 Setanta (Dublin) 7-03 St. Patrick's, Dublin (Dublin) 1-03
 1984 Dungannon (Tyrone) 2-04 Adamstown (Wexford) 0-02
 1985 Clonard (Wexford) 2-05 Shamrocks (Wexford) 1-00
 1986 Bodyke (Clare) 2-04 St Joseph's Doora-Barefield (Clare) 1-00
 1987 Ogonelloe (Clare) 1-03 Parteen (Clare) 0-00
 1988 Clara (Offaly) 4-04 Eoghan Ruadh (Tyrone) 1-04
 1989 Tullamore (Offaly) 8-08 St. Nathy's, Ballymote (Sligo) 0-00
 1990 Naomh Moninne (Louth) 4-03 Kilmoyley (Kerry) 1-01
 1991 Kilmoyley (Kerry) 1-01 Coill Dubh (Kildare) 0-03
 1992 Kenmare (Kerry) 3-02 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 1-06
 1993 Ardclough (Kildare) 4-03 Trim (Meath) 1-04
 1994 Navan O'Mahonys (Meath) 3-10 Granagh-Ballingarry (Limerick) 1-00
 1995 Caherline (Limerick) 5-00 Staker Wallace (Limerick) 0-05
 1996 Killeshandra (Cavan) 2-01 Longford Slashers (Longford) 1-00
 1997 Westport (Mayo) 3-02 Brickey Rangers (Waterford) 0-06
 1998 Adamstown (Wexford) 2-02 Kilmore (Wexford) 1-03
 1999 Loughforbes Gaels (Longford) 3-06 Clongeen (Wexford) 3-00
 2000 Cuchulainns (Armagh) 10-07 Newry (Down) 1-02
 2001 Erin's Own (Cork) 1-07 Carrignavar (Cork) 1-03
 2002 Middletown (Armagh) 2-06 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 1-04
 2003 Blackhall Gaels (Meath) 2-06 Lough Lene Gaels (Westmeath) 1-02
 2004 Kevin Lynch's (Derry)
 2005 Valley Rovers (Cork)
 2006 Glengariff (Antrim)
 2007 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh)
 2008 Fenians (Kilkenny)
 2009 Cuchulainns  (Armagh)
 2010 St. Brekans Lisdoonvarna (Clare)
 2011 Pearse's (Galway)
 2012 Padraig Pearses (Roscommon) 1-7 Eoghan Ruadh (Tyrone) 0-8
 2013 Easkey (Sligo) 1-10 Buncrana (Donegal) 3-2
 2014
 2015
 2016 Ballyhoura Gaels (Limerick) 2-06 Silvermines (Tipperary 1-02
 2017
 2018 Cois Fharraige (Galway) 0-05 CRC Gaels (Offaly) 1-04
 2019 Tullamore (Offaly) 1-09 Clontarf (Dublin) 0-02
 2020
 2021
 2022 Eire Og, Carrickmore (Tyrone) 1-06 Sean MacCumhaill (Donegal) 1-02

Hurling Division 5 winners (McMahon Trophy)

 1988 Ballinamore-Durrow (Offaly) 3-05 Errill (Laois) 0-00
 1989 Ballinkillen (Carlow) 1-05 Timahoe (Laois) 1-01
 1990 Fr Sheehy's (Tipperary) 2-05 Aherlow (Tipperary) 2-01
 1991 Sean Treacy's (Tipperary) 4-02 Newcastle (Tipperary) 1-02
 1992 Castleblayney Faughs (Monaghan) 3-08 St. Mary's (Fermanagh) 0-02
 1993 Mountbellew (Galway) 2-03 Dungannon Eoghan Ruadh (Tyrone) 1-02
 1994 Glenroe (Limerick) 2-04 Pallaskenry (Limerick) 1-00
 1995 Feenagh-Kilmeady (Limerick) 2-02 Dromcollogher-Broadford (Limerick) 1-01
 1996 London selected 3-05 Warwickshire 1-01
 1997 London selected 2-04 Kilrossanty 0-00(Waterford)
 1998 Davidstown-Courtnacuddy (Wexford) 3-09 Oylegate-Glenbrien (Wexford) 2-01
 1999 Bannow-Ballymitty (Wexford) 4-02 Ballygarrett (Wexford) 0-03
 2000 Latton O'Rahilly (Monaghan) 3-04 London selected 1-03
 2001 Not played
 2002 London selected 5-07 Liatroim Fontenoys (Down) 4-02
 2003 Mullahoran (Cavan) 5-04 Cullion (Westmeath) 2-03
 2004 Gael Columcille (Meath)
 2005 Glanworth (Cork)
 2006 Cloyne (Cork)
 2007 Conahy (Kilkenny)
 2008 Setanta (Donegal)
 2009 St Oliver Plunkett's (Westmeath)
 2010 Naomh Eoin (Sligo)
 2011 Mountbellew (Galway)
 2012 Easkey (Sligo) 4-09 Raheny (Dublin) 1-03
 2013 Monaghan Harps (Monaghan) 6-04 Lisbellaw (Fermanagh) 3-05
 2014 Bray Emmets (Wicklow)
 2015 St Fechins (Louth)2-08 Craobh Rua (Armagh) 1-04
 2016 Michael Dwyers 4-04 Dungannon Eoghan Ruadh (Tyrone) 3-04
 2017
 2018
 2019 Bandon (Cork) 4-08 Four Roads  (Roscommon) 3-05
 2020
 2021
 2022

Hurling Division 6 winners (Lár Tíre Trophy)

 1993 Crossmolina (Mayo) 2-02 London selection 2-01
 1994 London selected 5-05 St. Patrick's (Limerick) 2-01
 1995 Eoin Rua (Kilkenny) 3-02 Askeaton (Limerick) 2-03
 1996-2005 Not played
 2006 Butlerstown (Waterford)
 2007 Windgap (Kilkenny)
 2008 Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo)
 2009 Ballinamore/Durrow (Offaly)
 2010 Ballinamore Seán O'Heslin's (Leitrim)
 2011 Sylane (Galway)
 2012 Setanta (Dublin) 1-03 Cootehill (Cavan) 1-02
 2013 St. Patricks 4-04 Naomh Moninne (Louth) 3-04
 2014 Naomh Moninne (Louth)
 2015 Annaghdown (Galway)
 2016 An Gaeltacht 1-09 Rockwell/Rosegreen (Tipperary) 1-05
 2017
 2018
 2019 Killeagh/St. Ita's 3-08 (Cork) Mullinavat (Kilkenny) 0-04
 2020
 2021
 2022

Camogie Division 1 winners

 1974 Rathnure (Wexford) 5-00 Ahane (Limerick) 0-01
 1975 Knockananna (Wicklow) 4-10 Croagh/Kilfinny (Limerick) 1-00
 1976 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 2-1 Thomastown (Kilkenny) 2-00
 1977 Killeagh (Cork) 7-00 Enniskillen (Fermanagh) 0-00
 1978 Croagh/Kilfinny (Limerick) 3-01 Marino (Dublin) 3-00
 1979 Woodville (Dublin) 1-01 Blackrock (Cork) 0-00
 1980 Woodville (Dublin) 3-02 Blacks and Whites (Kilkenny) 1-01
 1981 Marino (Dublin) 1-04 Bishopstown (Cork) 1-03
 1982 Marino (Dublin) 3-00 St Finbarr's (Cork) 1-03
 1983 Sarsfields (Galway) 3-00 St Dominic's (Roscommon) 1-01
 1984 An Caislean (Dublin) 3-02 Shamrocks (Kilkenny) 2-00
 1985 Mullagh (Galway) 4-05 Marino (Dublin) 1-01
 1986 Mullagh (Galway) 1-02 Bishopstown (Cork) 0-04
 1987 Bishopstown (Cork) 2-03 St. Monica's (Dublin) 1-02
 1988 Pearses (Galway) 4-05 Killeagh (Cork) 1-01
 1989 St. Lachtain's (Kilkenny) 1-05 Pearses (Galway) 1-02
 1990 St. Lachtain's (Kilkenny) 4-01 Killeagh (Cork) 0-07
 1991 Granagh-Ballingarry (Limerick) 2-02 St Enda's (Dublin) 0-02
 1992 Clara (Kilkenny) 6-01 Drom-Inch (Tipperary) 3-00
 1993 Craughwell (Galway) 0-05 Ardrahan (Galway) 0-01
 1994 Pearses (Galway) 1-09 St. Ibar's (Wexford) 0-04
 1995 Pearses (Galway) 1-06 Drom-Inch (Tipperary) 0-03
 1996 Templemore (Tipperary) 2-10 Courcey Rovers (Cork) 1-03
 1997 Athenry (Galway) 2-05 Rathnure (Wexford) 0-04
 1998 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 4-06 Templemore (Tipperary) 4-05
 1999 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 2-03 Milford (Cork) 1-10
 2000 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 1-08 Davitts (Galway) 1-01
 2001 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 4-03 Harps (Laois) 3-4
 2002 Oulart the Ballagh (Wexford) 2-05 Davitts (Galway) 0-01
 2003 St Vincents (Dublin) 2-9 Douglas (Cork) 0-04
 2004 Douglas (Cork) 3-4 Thomastown (Kilkenny) 2-01
 2005 Douglas (Cork) 6-8 St Vincents (Dublin) 0-00
 2006 Douglas (Cork) 2-03 Inniscarra (Cork) 1-02
 2007 Sarsfields (Galway) 2-08 Milford (Cork) 1-03
 2008 Lucan Sarsfields (Dublin) 2-03 Mullagh (Galway) 1-02
 2009 Douglas (Cork) 1-07 St Vincents (Dublin) 2-02
 2010 Lucan Sarsfields (Dublin) 6-04 Burgess Duharra (Tipperary) 0-2
 2011 Cahir (Tipperary) 4-10 St Martin's Murrintown (Wexford) 1-07
 2012 Newport/Ballinahinch (Tipperary) 3-03 Davitts, (Galway) 0-02
 2013 Dicksboro (Kilkenny) 3-02 Nenagh Éire Óg (Tipperary) 1-01
 2014 Loughgiel Shamrocks (Antrim) 3-03 Cashel King Cormacs Tipperary 1-05
 2015 Loughgiel Shamrocks (Antrim)
 2016 Sarsfields (Cork) 1-03 Thomastown (Kilkenny) 0-03
 2017 Sarsfields (Cork)
 2018 Sarsfields (Cork)
 2019 Éire Óg (Cork) 0-05 Sarsfields (Cork) 0-02
 2020 no competition
 2021 no competition
 2022

Camogie Div 2 winners (Caithlín Ní Thoimín Shield)

 1978 Johnstown (Kilkenny) 5-01 St Dominic's (Roscommon) 3-00
 1979 Avoca (Wicklow) 6-01 St Dominic's (Roscommon) 0-00
 1980 Oran (Roscommon) 7-02 Carrickcruppen (Armagh) 2-00
 1981 Na Piarsaigh (Cork) 1-05 Davitts (Galway) 1-02
 1982 Oran (Roscommon) 1-00 Balyna (Kildare) 0-01
 1983 Crumlin (Dublin) 2-01 Letterkenny (Donegall) 0-01
 1984 Annacurra (Wicklow) 3-02 Raharney (Westmeath) 2-00
 1985 Carbury (Kd) 3-02 Drumcullen (Offaly) 1-02
 1986 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Arm) 1-03 Aghabullogue (Cork) 1-00
 1987 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 2-03 Bunclody (Wexford) 1-02
 1988 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 3-02 Newtownshandrum (Cork) 0-02
 1989 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 2-20 O'Donovan Rossa (Anttrim)
 1990 Granagh-Ballingarry (Limerick) 4-04 St. Ibar's (Wexford) 1-02
 1991 Pearses (Galway) 1-05 Monageer-Boolavogue (Wexford) 1-01
 1992 Davitts (Galway) 2-00 Marino (Dublin) 1-02
 1993 HWH Bunclody (Wex) 7-01 St. Thomas (Galway) 0-00
 1994 Drom-Inch (Tipperary) 4-09 Truagh Gaels (Limerick) 2-02
 1995 Teemore (Fermanagh) 5-08 Inistioge (Kilkenny) 1-00
 1996 Granagh-Ballingarry (Limerick) 2-06 Butlerstown (Waterford) 1-02
 1997 St. Lachtain's (Kilkenny) 2-06 Butlerstown (Waterford) 1-02
 1998 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 4-02 Shinrone (Offaly) 2-05
 1999 Ballyboden St Endas (Dublin) 1-03 Harps (Laois) 0-01
 2000 Harps (Laois) 5-02 Templemore (Tipperary) 4-01
 2001 Kilnamona (Clare) 5-04 Bellaghy (Derry) 2-04
 2002 Newmarket-on-Fergus (Clare) 3-02 Kinnitty (Offaly) 0-00
 2003 Ballinascreen (Derry) 3-05 Tullamore (Offaly) 1-02
 2004 Camross (Laois) 2-04 Newmarket-on-Fergus (Clare) 1-04
 2005 Ballycastle (Antrim) 6-08 Buttevant (Cork) 1-08
 2006 Ballycran (Down) 1-02 Ballinascreen (Derry) 1-01
 2007 Ballinascreen (Derry) 2-02 Ballycran (Down) 0-03
 2008 Michael Davitt's, Swatragh (Derry) 7-03 Lismore (Waterford) 0-01
 2009 St Brenda's (Armagh) 2-04 O'Moore's (Laois) 2-02
 2010 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 2-03 Camross (Laois) 1-01
 2011 St. Cillian's (Offaly) 4-04 Sixmilebridge (Clare) 3-04
 2012 Inagh/Kilnamona (Clare) 5-05 De La Salle (Waterford) 2-03
 2013 Galltir (Waterford) 5-05 Portaferry (Down) 0-03
 2014 Galltir (Waterford)
 2015 St Rynagh's (Offaly)
 2016 Wolfe Tones Bellaghy (Derry) 1-05 Ballina (Tipperary) 0-03
 2017 Dicksboro (Kilkenny)
 2018 Ballygalget (Down)
 2019 Clonakilty  (Cork) 2-05 Loughgiel Shamrocks (Antrim) 1-03
 2020 No Competition
 2021 No Competition
 2022

Camogie Div 3 winners

 1983 Parke (Mayo) 2-05 Spa (Kerry) 1-05
 1984 Leitrim Fontenoys (Down) 1-02 Parke (Mayo) 10-0
 1995 Rasharkin (Antrim) 5-04 Killarney (Kerry) 0-01
 1986 Éire Óg Ennis (Clare) 2-00 Newtownbutler (Fermanagh) 1-00
 1987 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 1-01 Loughgiel (Antrim) 0-00
 1988 Burgess (Tipperary) 5-02 Raharney (Westmeath) 3-01
 1989 Oran (Roscommon) 4-01 An Ríocht (Down) 3-03
 1990 Portaferry (Down) 3-02 Kinnitty (Offaly) 3-01
 1991 Naomh Moling (Carlow) 5-03 Oran (Roscommon) 5-00
 1992 Oran (Roscommon) 2-02 Camross (Laois) 0-01
 1993 Mountbellew (Galway) 5-00 Athenry (Galway) 0-01
 1994 Teemore (Fermanagh) 2-04 Dunhill (Waterford) 0-01
 1995 O'Donovan Rossa (Antrim) 1-06 Dunhill (Waterford) 1-02
 1996 Ballyholland Harps (Down) 4-01 Cappagh (Kildare) 2-00
 1997 Kinnitty (Offaly) 5-02 Teemore  (Fermanagh) 2-04
 1998 Harps (Laois) 3-10 Glynn-Barntown (Wexford) 0-02
 1999 Granagh-Ballingarry (Limerick) 6-01 Oran (Roscommon) 1-00
 2000 St. Lachtain's (Kilkenny) 1-02 Lismore (Waterford) 0-02
 2001 Ballymacnab St. Brenda's (Armagh) 2-04 Enniskeane (Cork) 0-03
 2002 Bellaghy (Derry) 3-01 Loughgiel (Antrim) 0-01
 2003 Ballymacnab St Brenda's (Armagh) 9-06 Ballycran (Down) 0-01
 2004 Ballycastle (Anttrim) 1-04 Kilcormac-Killoughey (Offaly) 1-01
 2005 Killeagh (Cork) 6-08 Lismore (Waterford) 4-02
 2006 Lismore (Waterford) 5-09 Newtownshandrum (Cork) 0-02
 2007 Rower Innistioge (Kilkenny) 2-01 Keady Lámh Dhearg (Armagh) 1-00
 2008 Ratoath (Meath) 3-01 Harps (Laois) 1-01
 2009 Kerry Selected 3-01 Kiltale (Meath) 0-03
 2010 Celbridge (Kildare) 5-01 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 1-01
 2011 Knockananna (Wicklow) 3-04 Liam Mellows (Galway) 0-01
 2012 Naas (Kildare) 3-02 Raharney (Westmeath) 0-03
 2013 Raharney (Westmeath) 2-03 Ballinteer St. Johns (Dublin) 1-02
 2014 Clonkill (Westmeath)
 2015 Naomh Brid (Carlow)
 2016 Naas (Kildare) 1-03 Myshall (Carlow) 1-01
 2017 Naas (Kildare)
 2018 The Harps (Laois)
 2019 Ardrahan (Galway) 1-03 Na Fianna  (Meath) 1-02
 2020 no competition
 2021 no competition
 2022

Camogie Division 4 winners (Coiste Chontae an Chláir Shield)

 1987 Tubberclair (Westmeath) 5-01 Killarney (Kerry) 1-00
 1988 Ardagh (Mayo) Letterkenny (Donegal) 0-01
 1989 Lismore (Waterford) 1-01 Oisins, Glenarriffe (Antrim) 0-01
 1990 Toomevara (Tipperary) 3-05 Butlerstown (Waterford) 1-01
 1991 Roscrea (Tipperary) 2-02 St Saviour's (Waterford) 1-02
 1992 Cullion (Westmeath) 2-00 Mountbellew (Galway) 1-02
 1993 Teemore (Fermanagh) 4-03 Dunhill (Waterford) 0-00
 1994 Na Piarsaigh (Limerick) 2-0 Aughrim (Wicklow) 0-00
 1995 Camross (Laois) 2-03 Burgess (Tipperary) 1-03
 1996 Drumcullen (Offaly) 4-04 Castleblayney (Monaghan) 0-03
 1997 Wolfe Tones (Clare) 3-6 Kildavin (Carlow) 0-00
 1998 Butlerstown (Waterford) 3-08 Castleblayney (Monaghan) 0-01
 1999 Kiltegan (Wicklow) 6-00 Robert Emmetts Slaughtneil (Derry) 2-01
 2000 Johnstownbridge (Kildare) 3-01 Bendearg Ballygalget (Down) 0-02
 2001-3 Not played
 2004 Oran (Roscommon) 2-01 Naomh Bríd (Carlow) 0-02
 2005 Not played
 2006 Sarsfields (Cork) 5-00 Meath Selected 4-00
 2007 Ratoath (Meath) 3-02 Kerry Selected 2-00
 2008 Kerry Selected 3-01 Clonad (Laois) 0-0
 2009 Na Brídeoga, Ballaghdereen (Mayo) 5-03 Seir Kieran (Offaly) 0-01
 2010 Cillard (Kerry) 4-05 Kilanena (Clare) 0-00
 2011 St Colman's Gort (Galway) 2-02 St Joseph's Madden (Armagh) 0-06
 2012 Clane (Kildare) 2-04 Bray Emmets (Wicklow) 1-00
 2013 Ballina (Tipperary) 4-03 Na Piarsaigh (Limerick) 0-02
 2014 Kilconieron (Galway)
 2015 St. Brigid's (Laois)
 2016 Cillard (Kerry) 2-07 Eglish (Tyrone) 2-04
 2017 John Lockes (Kilkenny)
 2018 O'Moore's (Laois)
 2019 Moycarkey (Tipperary) 2-02 Mallow 1-04
 2020 no competition
 2021 no competition
 2022

Camogie Division 5 winners

 1995 Kildavin (Carlow) 0-02 Glenealy (Wicklow) 0-00
 2011 Kilanena (Clare) 10-05 Kinvara (Galway) 1-00
 2013 Kilmaley (Clare) 3-03 Eire Óg, Ennis (Clare) 0-02
 2014 Sligo Selection
 2015 Cois Fharraige (Galway)
 2016 J.K. Brackens (Tipperary) 4-04 San Francisco 2-00
 2017 Na Brideoga (Mayo)
 2018 Causeway (Kerry)
 2019 Ballyhea/Milford (Cork) 1-08 Causeway (Kerry) 0-04
 2020 no competition
 2021 no competition
 2022

Camogie Division 6 winners

 2017 Cillard (Kerry)
 2018 Skehana/Menlough (Galway)
 2019 Four Roads (Roscommon) 3-01 Nemo Rangers (Cork) 1-02
 2020 no competition
 2021 no competition
 2022

Camogie Division 7 winners
 2017 Paulstown/Corebridge (Kilkenny)
 2018 Longford Slashers (Longford)

Camogie Skills winners

 1978 Deirdre O’Shea (Cork)
 1979 Deirdre O’Shea (Cork)
 1980 Marie Fitzpatrick (Kilkenny)
 1981 Anne Ryan (Galway)
 1982 Ann Wolfe (Dublin)
 1983 Jean Paula Kent (Cork)
 1984 Yvonne McInerney (Clare)
 1985 Helen Cagney (Limerick)
 1986 Michelle Cameron (Dublin)
 1987 Claire Lynch (Galway)
 1988 Bridget Mullally (Kilkenny)
 1989 Nora O’Connell (Cork)
 1990 Triona Maher (Tipperary)
 1991 Vivienne Harris (Cork)
 1992 Maeve Kearns (Galway)
 1993 Michelle Casey (Limerick)
 1994 Emma Galvin (Waterford)
 1995 Liz Fowler (Waterford)
 1996 Niamh Harkin (Tipperary)
 1997 Nikki Keddy (Wicklow)
 1998 Aoife Sheehan (Limerick)
 1999 Cathy Bowes (Galway)
 2000 Charlene Fanthrope (Armagh)
 2001 Sarah Dervan (Galway)
 2002 Grainne O’Higgins (Down)
 2003 Claire Coulter (Down)
 2004 Patricia Jackman (Waterford)
 2005 Racquel McCarry (Antrim)
 2006 Caroline Scanlon (Limerick)
 2009 Grainne Sheehy (Cork)
 2010 Caoimhe Costelloe (Limerick)
 2011 Lauren Tuohy (Clare)
 2012 Aoife Corcoran (Westmeath)

References

External links
 Winners and scores in final up to 2008 Hurling Div 1-2
 Hurling Div 2 continued
 Hurling Div 3 Hurling Div 4
 Hurling Div 5
 Hurling Div 6
 Camogie Div 1-2
 Camogie Div 3-5

Gaelic Athletic Association competitions
Camogie competitions


The Sagene Line () is a former line of the Oslo Tramway in Norway. It ran from Stortorvet in the city center along Akersgata and Ullevålsveien through the neighborhood of St. Hanshaugen. It then continued along Colletts gate, Geitmyrsveien and Kierschouws gate to Sagene. At Sagene Church it had a regulation stop and access to Sagene Depot. The line continued along Bentsebrugata to Torshov, where it intersected with the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line.

The line was the first tramway opened by Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie (KKS), on 24 November 1899. Originally the line ran from Athenæum to Sagene Church. The company and the line were taken over by Kristiania Sporveisselskab (KSS) in 1905. The line was expanded on 28 December 1914 with the connection to Torshov. From 1915 Sagene was served by Sagene Ring, a circle line service which combined the Sagene Line with the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line. Operations were taken over by Oslo Sporveier in 1924. From that year until 1949 there was a branch line from Bentsebrugata, the Korsvoll Line. Services on the Sagene Ring terminated in 1957. As part of a planned closing of the tramway, the Sinsen Line from Stortorvet to Sagene was closed in 1966. Services remained from Sagene to Torshov until 1998.

Route
Sagene Ring started downtown at Athenæum in Akersgata, near the Parliament of Norway Building. It through Karl Johans gate and then headed northwards into the neighborhoods of St. Hanshaugen and Sagene. It ran along Ullevålsveien, Colletts gate, Geitemyrsveien and Kierschouws gate. This section had a length of  in 1905. It then continued through a loop near Sagene Church, where there was a connection to Sagene Depot, along Bentesebrugata, over Bentse Bridge to Torshov. There is connected to the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line. There was also a branch, the Korsvoll Line, which ran from Bentsebrugata along Advokat Dehlis plass and Bergensgata to Lisa Kristoffersens plass.

Sagene Depot was built as the administrative and technical headquarters of KKS. In its original configuration the brick building featured place for 36 trams and a workshop on its ground floor and offices in the upper story. Later a second hall was built.

History

Kristiania Sporveisselskap applied in 1897 to build an electric tramway to Sagene. This was at the time the largest neighborhood of Oslo (then known as Kristiania) without a tram service. The application was rejected by the municipal council. There had been a political debate going on regarding if the municipality itself should operated the tramway. By 1897 the Liberal Party had received a majority in the municipal council, allowing them on 23 September 1897 to establish their own tramway, Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie, which they armed with the task of building a  line to Sagene. Two city engineers were sent on a study tour of Germany and the Netherlands to gain experience from tram operations there. It was soon given the task to also build the Rodeløkka Line and the Vippetangen Line.

Construction of the Sagene Line commenced in early 1899. Although originally stipulated to open in August, this was delayed until 24 November, when revenue operation started. Initially there was not more power available than allowed a ten-minute headway with the Class S trams. Once additional power supply had been secured, the headway was cut to five minutes. To begin with services altered between running the full length to Sagene or just the southern part of St. Hanshaugen. In the city center they terminated at Athenæum. From 1900 an agreement was reached with KES, allowing the Sagene services to continue along its tracks to Jernbanetorget. The services from St. Hanshaugen were run onwards along the Vippetangen Line.

The company's manager proposed that the Sagene Line be extended from Sagene Church through Arendalsgaten, across Bentse Bridge and Hegermannsgate to Vogts gate and terminate at Grefsen Station. This would cost half a million Norwegian krone. The project was not supported by the politicians and instead KSS extended its Grünerløkka–Torshov Line to Grefsen Station.

The routes were changed in 1902, so the Sagene services connected to the Rodeløkka Line and the St. Hanshaugen services connected to the Vippetangen Line. KKS was sold to KSS on 6 October 1905, who took over services on the Sagene Line. They rerouted the services and at first tied the Sagene services to the Kampen Line. Lines were numbered in 1910. Thus the Sagene service was linked with the Vålerenga Line and numbered 8, while the St. Hanshaugen was tied to the Rodeløkka Line and numbered 9. This was reorganized two years later, when line 9 was removed and all services ran to Sagene.

On 28 December 1914 the Sagene Line was extended via Bentse Bridge to Torshov, where it intersected with the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line. This allowed KSS to start a circle service, which it named Sagene Ring and numbered 0. It initially used white signs for the counter-clockwise inside ring and green signs for the clockwise outer circle. Thus the service would run along the Sagene Line and then connect down along the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line. The headway was set to five minutes, which required eight trams per direction. At Sagene they took a five-minute break, and as long as they were on time passengers could transfer to the next tram and save the break.

Line 0 was terminated on 3 August 1915, and the Sagene Line was instead served by lines 7 and 8 in a pigtail loop: Homansbyen–Torshov–Sagene–Stortorvet–Vålerenga. Line 0 resumed on 24 February 1916, although the headway rose to six minutes. It increased further to eight minutes on 25 March 1920. KSS merged in 1924 and the service was taken over by Oslo Sporveier. They gradually cut the frequency to twelves minute-headways.

The Korsvoll Line opened on 4 May 1924. Services to it followed the Grünerløkka–Torshov Line, branched onto the Sagene Line at Torshov and followed it Bentsebrugata. The Korsvoll Line was served every fifteen minutes by Line 10.

Summer routes were introduced in 1932, cutting Sagene Ring's headway to fifteen minutes. Including slack a full round on the circle took 35 minutes. During a twelve-minute headway this went fine with three trams in each direction. The route could be done in 30 minutes, but without any slack. Oslo Sporveier ran the line with two trams per direction during the fifteen-minute headway services, but it was often difficult to keep the schedule with this scheme. During the summers 0 was combined with 13 so each service would run twice around the circle and then run on the Gamlebyen Line. From 1937 the reduced service and 0 and 13 combination was also run on Sundays. From 1940 line 13 was moved to the Sinsen Line.

The northern track through Arne Garborgs plass was moved to allow the installation of a roundabout in 1941, lengthening the line by . The tracks were rerouted at two places in 1947. The first, from 6 to 16 July, moved the tracks from Sannergata to Birkelunden. The second, which took effect on 19 October, saw new tracks through Grensen between Stortorvet and Akersgata in the city center. The line until then passed through a narrow part of Akersgata, where there was not sufficient width for two trams to meet. The curve was also so sharp that the motormen could not see an on-coming tram. Therefore, a guard had to be posted at the curve.

This changes made it possible to use the wider  trams on the route. This allowed Oslo Sporveier to start using Gullfisk trams on the route when it was combined with 13. This started with on 6 February, the same day the Korsvoll Line was closed. The reduced headway was introduced after 19 hours on weekdays from 18 August. Gullfisk remained on the line until 13 April 1952.

The first SM53 trams were introduced from 11 November 1952 when this line was paired with 13. The pairing terminated on 5 July 1953 and SM-53-trams were no longer used on the service. A series of route changes were carried out in 1953 and 1953, whereby 0 was combined with various other lines, and parts of Sagene Ring were served by lines 8 and 13. From 1955 Gullfisk and SM-53 were again used on the Sinsen Line. Services with line number 0 terminated on 28 April 1957. Services continued as line 5. Sagene Depot remained an important workshop until 1957. At that time it was degraded and only used to store reserve trams. From 1966 it was only used to store units taken out of service and maintenance of way stock.

The municipal council voted in 1960 to close all the street trams in Oslo. The Oslo Metro was being built and trams were seen as unmodern compared to diesel buses. The tramway had the nearly new SM53 trams in operation and therefore it was found economical to keep many of the lines running until the rolling stock was obsolete. However, all the old twin-axled trams were to be retired. The Sagene Line was one of several that was closed as part of this process. The closing took place on 17 October 1966, the same day as the metro's Grorud Line opened. However, the segment from Sagene to Torshov was kept.

Sagene was made part of line 10 on 9 January 1989. This was a rush-hour only service which continued to Skøyen. The depot was sold in 1994, and has been converted into a cultural and commercial center. Services on the last part of the line ran for the last time on 4 April 1998. The line was instead run to Grefsen Station.

References

Bibliography

Oslo Tramway lines
Railway lines opened in 1899
Railway lines closed in 1998
1899 establishments in Norway
1998 disestablishments in Norway
Grünerløkka


A vennel is a passageway between the gables of two buildings which can in effect be a minor street in Scotland and the north east of England, particularly in the old centre of Durham.

Etymology
In Scotland, the term originated in royal burghs created in the twelfth century, the word deriving from the Old French word venelle meaning "alley" or "lane". Unlike a tenement entry to private property, known as a "close", a vennel was a public way leading from a typical high street to the open ground beyond the burgage plots. The Latin form is venella, related to the English word "funnel".

Names
The Scottish burghs established by David I (see Economy section of Scotland in the High Middle Ages) drew upon the burgh model of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and used a number of French or Germanic words for townscape features. Aberdeen City Council refers to vennels having been part of the old town and historical records suggest Arbroath had a vennel. In the City of Durham, like Newcastle, part of the old kingdom of Northumbria, lanes are also known colloquially as vennels.

Areas
There are vennels in Ardersier, Cromarty, Culross, Dumfries, Dalry, Dumfries, Dunfermline, Edinburgh, Elie, Eyemouth, Forfar, Irvine, Lanark, Linlithgow, Maybole, North Berwick, Peebles, Perth (see Vennels of Perth), South Queensferry, Stirling and Wigtown. There are also vennels in the towns of Glenarm and Bangor (abandoned in 2021) in Northern Ireland, likely reflecting the Scottish influence in the eastern parts of the province of Ulster. For example, the old name for High Street in Comber was Cow Lane, an anglicisation of its Ulster Scots name Coo Vennel.

The city of Perth has lost many vennels with the gradual transformation of its medieval centre, but some have survived and are still used: Guard Vennel, Cow Vennel, Baxters Vennel, Fleshers Vennel, Oliphants Vennel, Water Vennel and Cutlog Vennel. It was announced on 2 June 2018 that The Vennel steps have been renamed Miss Jean Brodie Steps to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of author Muriel Spark.

Popular culture
The Vennel off the Grassmarket in Edinburgh appears in the film The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969) when Brodie takes her girls on a walk through the Old Town, ending up in Greyfriars Kirkyard.

See also
 Alley
 Wynd
 Ginnel

References

 The Conservation Glossary: produced in conjunction with Town & Regional Planning, University of Dundee's postgraduate course on European Urban Conservation
 Aberdeen City Council
 "Townlife in Fourteenth-Century Scotland" by Elizabeth Ewan; Edinburgh University Press, 1990
 Edinburgh steps and pathway named in honour of Muriel Spark - Scotsman Newspaper 2018

Streets in Scotland
Scottish words and phrases


Plaza de la República (Republic Square) is a city square in Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina.  It is located in the San Nicolás quarter, at the intersection of the city's three main arteries: Ninth of July Avenue, Corrientes Avenue, and Diagonal Norte.  It derives its name and associations from a church once sited on the square, San Nicolás de Bari (demolished in the 1930s for the creation of 9 July Avenue), where the country's national flag was hoisted for the first time.

The plaza is the site of the Obelisk of Buenos Aires, designed by Alberto Prebisch and inaugurated in 1937. The plaza, originally a circular esplanade paved in stone, was enlarged to its current dimensions in 1962. Its present layout was established in 1971, when Corrientes Avenue was rerouted through the plaza and around the obelisk to ease car traffic into the city's financial district.

Metro
Three lines of the Buenos Aires Metro have connecting stations underneath the plaza, and are accessible from either side of the Ninth of July Avenue.  These are:

 "Carlos Pellegrini" station on the Line
 "9 de Julio" station on the Line
 "Diagonal Norte" station on the Line

Together they offer an easy route around most of the important places in the capital.

References

República
Tourist attractions in Buenos Aires


Events in chess in 2006:

Events

May
May 5 – The world's oldest living Grandmaster, Andor Lilienthal, celebrates his 95th birthday.  In his career Lilienthal played World Champions Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, and Mikhail Botvinnik.

October
Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) defeats Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) in the 2006 World Championship title unification match to become undisputed world champion.

December
December 26 – The All India Chess Federation imposes a ten-year ban on Umakant Sharma for using a Bluetooth device sewn into his cap to gain assistance from a chess computer during a FIDE rated tournament in Delhi.
December 29 – 44th Indian Chess Championship (National "A" Championship) in Atul won by GM Surya Shekhar Ganguly for the fourth consecutive year with the score 9/13.  The tournament format was changed to a 13-round Swiss instead of the 22 player round-robin used previously.
December 30 – Iranian Chess Championship in Tehran won by GM Ehsan Ghaem Maghami at 8.5/11.  The women's champion is WGM Shadi Paridar scoring 9.5/11.

Titles awarded

Grandmasters
In 2006 FIDE awarded the title of Grandmaster to the following players:

Bassem Amin (b. 1988)
Levan Aroshidze (b. 1985)
David Arutinian (b. 1984)
Valeriy Aveskulov (b. 1986)
Pascal Charbonneau (b. 1983)
Paweł Czarnota (b. 1988)
Chakkravarthy Deepan (b. 1987)
Dzhakay Dzhakaev (b. 1980)
Grzegorz Gajewski (b. 1985)
José González García (b. 1973)
Andrey Gutov (b. 1978)
Gennadij Ginsburg (b. 1971)
Bartłomiej Heberla (b. 1985)
Peter Horvath (b. 1972)
Alojzije Janković (b. 1983)
Radosław Jedynak (b. 1982)
Zoran Jovanović (b. 1979)

Meelis Kanep (b. 1983)
Melikset Khachiyan (b. 1970)
Ibragim Khamrakulov (b. 1982)
Aleksandr Kharitonov (b. 1986)
Petr Kostenko (b. 1976)
Tigran Kotanjian (b. 1981)
Sergei Krivoshey (b. 1971)
Yuriy Kryvoruchko (b. 1986)
Vitaly Kunin (b. 1983)
Viktor Láznička (b. 1988)
Quang Liem Le (b. 1991)
Constantin Lupulescu (b. 1984)
Nidjat Mamedov (b. 1985)
Mikulas Manik (b. 1975)
Andrei Murariu (b. 1986)
Das Neelotpal (b. 1982)
Magesh Panchanathan (b. 1983)

Eugene Perelshteyn (b. 1980)
Reefat Bin-Sattar (b. 1974)
Davor Rogic (b. 1971)
Andrey Rychagov (b. 1979)
Bator Sambuev (b. 1980)
Vasile Sanduleac (b. 1971)
Konstantine Shanava (b. 1985)
John Shaw (b. 1968)
Andrey Sumets (b. 1980)
Jurij Tihonov (b. 1978)
Todor Todorov (b. 1974)
Marko Tratar (b. 1974)
Yge Visser (b. 1963)
Jan Werle (b. 1984)
Andrey Zhigalko (b. 1985)
Zhou Jianchao (b. 1988)
Yaroslav Zinchenko (b. 1987)

Woman Grandmaster
In 2006 FIDE awarded the title Woman Grandmaster to the following players:

Evgeniya Doluhanova (b. 1984)
Marina Guseva (b. 1986)
Anastasia Gutsko (b. 1985)
Sopio Gvetadze (b. 1983)
Thi Bao Tram Hoang (b. 1987)
Beata Kądziołka (b. 1986)

Julia Kochetkova (b. 1981)
Tatiana Kostiuk (b. 1982)
Liubov Kostiukova (b. 1983)
Lija Kucherova (b. 1986)
Naira Movsisian (b. 1977)
Jessica Nill (b. 1979)

Niina Sammalvuo (b. 1971)
Anna Sharevich (b. 1985)
Shen Yang (b. 1989)
Elena Tairova (1991–2010)
Carmen Voicu (b. 1981)

Births
March 13 – Leon Luke Mendonca
May 29 – Gukesh D

Deaths
January 15 – Herbert Avram (1913–2006), 92, United States.
May 13 – Ratmir Kholmov (1925–2006), 80, Soviet/Russian Grandmaster.
May 13 – Burt Hochberg (1933–2006), 73, chess writer and editor, editor of Chess Life.
May 20 – Wolfgang Unzicker (1925–2006), 80, German Grandmaster, "world champion of amateurs".
July 2 – René Letelier (1915–2006), 91, Chilean International Master.
July 14 – Aleksander Wojtkiewicz (1963–2006), 43, Polish Grandmaster.
July 23 – Rudolf Teschner (1922–2006), 84, German Grandmaster and chess writer.
July 26 – Jessie Gilbert (1987–2006), 19, English Woman FIDE Master.
August 14 – Adriaan de Groot (1914–2006), 92, Dutch chess master and psychologist.
November 29 – Krystyna Hołuj-Radzikowska (1931–2006), 75, Polish Woman Grandmaster.
December 5 – David Bronstein (1924–2006), 82, Soviet/Ukrainian Grandmaster and renowned chess writer, challenger in the 1951 World Championship match.

References

21st century in chess
Chess by year


Básico is the first live album from Spanish singer Alejandro Sanz. Básico was released in promotion of Si Tú Me Miras. The album features a concert recorded in 1993, in which he gave an acoustic treatment to the hits of Viviendo Deprisa and Si Tú Me Miras. The album was originally a limited edition, but after the success of the album Más, it was re-edited on 26 May 1998.

Track listing
 Mi Primera Canción – 5:48
 Pisando Fuerte – 4:35
 Que No Te Daría Yo – 4:03
 Si Tú Me Miras – 4:02
 Cómo Te Echo de Menos – 3:59
 Los Dos Cogidos de la Mano – 4:40
 Tu Letra Podré Acariciar – 3:32
 A Golpes Contra el Calendario – 5:16
 Se Le Apagó la Luz – 4:36
 Viviendo Deprisa – 3:36

Personnel
 Domingo J. Casas – Photography
 Nando González – Background vocals, acoustic guitar
 Guere – Background vocals, acoustic bass
 Nacho Mañó – Producer, director
 Nacho Mañó – Acoustic guitar ("Tu Letra Podré Acariciar" and "A Golpes Contra el Calendario")
 Gino Pavone – Percussion
 Fran Rubio – Rhodes piano, piano
 Alejandro Sanz – Vocals, Spanish guitar, acoustic guitar
 Fernando Toussaint – Drums
 R. Vigil – Design
 Juan Vinader – Engineer, mixing

Sales and certifications

References

Alejandro Sanz live albums
1994 live albums


Harold Suydam Brewster (May 2, 1903 – September 3, 1994) was an American field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1932 he was a member of the American field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played two matches as goalkeeper. 33 goals was scored against him.

He was born in Lakewood, New Jersey.

External links

profile

1903 births
1994 deaths
American male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in field hockey
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
20th-century American sportsmen


Anari (ISO: Anāṛī), () is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film, produced by D. Rama Naidu under the Suresh Productions banner and directed by K. Murali Mohana Rao. The film stars Venkatesh (in his Hindi film debut) alongside Karishma Kapoor. The film emerged as a commercial success, and one of the highest grossing films of the year. It is a remake of the 1991 Tamil film Chinna Thambi.

Plot
The story begins with the birth of a baby girl, Raj Nandini Singh, in the world of feudal landlords (Zamindars), whose word is law for the villagers who work on their land. Nandini's three brothers throw a feast in honor of the girl. The young son of the local singer (who had died) is brought in to sing for the event. The three brothers raise Nandini like their own child as their parents had died. At the age of 5, an astrologer predicts that Nandini will bring much happiness to the family, but her marriage will be based on her choice and not the choice of her elder brothers. This angers the brothers and to prevent this from happening, she is raised within the confines of the house. She is home-schooled and when she does go out, all the men are warned to hide from Nandini and that seeing Nandini will be result in dire consequences.

Raj Nandini (Karisma Kapoor) reaches puberty. The few men allowed around her are the service staff and her bodyguards. Meanwhile, the boy who sang, Rama (Venkatesh Daggubati) grows up to be a naive and gullible simpleton with a heart of gold. He is raised by his widowed mother Savitri (Raakhee Gulzar). He doesn't go to school and spends his time singing and entertaining the people of the village.

One day the bodyguards get into a fight with Rama who beats them up. Impressed by Rama's naivete and fighting skills, Nandini's brothers hire Rama to be Nandini's bodyguard and butler. Nandini, meanwhile, starts to resent her lack of freedom. She tricks Rama into showing her the village without her brothers' knowledge. Rama complies with her wishes and shows her the village, which results in Nandini falling ill. Rama is blamed for Nandini getting sick and gets beaten up by the brothers. Nandini, who has just started to like Rama, feels guilty for being the reason for him getting thrashed. This incident brings them closer emotionally. Nandini realizes she is now in love with Rama.

One day, a factory worker is punished for leering at Nandini. He plots to kill Nandini at the inauguration of the new factory owned by her brothers. Rama overhears the plot, and in a desperate attempt to save Nandini, lunges on her and inadvertently touches her in public. Nandini doesn't mind and defends Rama by arguing that Rama wouldn't do something like that in public. But her brothers are enraged. They beat him to the point of almost killing him. Nandini stops them and gives him a chance to explain. When Rama explains the situation they hang their heads in shame. Rama quits his job on the spot, despite Nandini's silent apology. That night Nandini decides to meet Rama and apologize and perhaps convince him to come back to the job. Rama refuses to come back as he doesn't want to put up with the violent nature of her brothers. She thinks if Rama marries her, they won't be able to manhandle Rama. She convinces Rama to tie a wedding chain (Mangalsutra) around her neck which will protect him from her brothers. Rama, without realizing the sanctity of the act, does as told and doesn't realize he is now married to her.

Rama comes back to work and is given a higher level of respect by the brothers for saving Nandini's life. Nandini too, starts emulating her sisters-in-law in taking care of her husband. This makes Rama nervous, but he still remains clueless. The change in her behavior is noticed by her sister-in-law who urges the brothers to get Nandini married off before the situation gets any worse. Nandini realizing that they are trying to get her married off, tries to make Rama understand that they are already married. Rama refuses to understand and runs away to his mother, who upon realizing what has happened, pulls him out of denial. She sends him away in an attempt to protect him.

The brothers come to know what has happened and try to humiliate Rama's mother to get her to reveal where her son is hiding. She is saved in time by her son who almost kills the brothers. The wives of the brothers stop him from killing them and ask him to save Nandini, who has upon hearing the torturous acts of her brothers, resorted to self-destruction, with them embracing. Rama rushes back to save his wife in which he succeeds. The movie ends with Nandini's recovery.

Cast
Raakhee Gulzar as Savitri, Rama's mother
Venkatesh Daggubati as Rama
Karishma Kapoor as Raj Nandini Singh
Suresh Oberoi as Bade Bhai Raja Vikram Singh
Adi Irani as Manjale Bhai Raja Surendra Singh
Gulshan Grover as Chote Bhai Raja Vinay Singh
Beena as Manjula Singh, Bade Bhai's Wife.
Johnny Lever as Bablu
Laxmikant Berde as Raghu
Subbiraj as Raj Jyotish
Raju Shrestha as Mad Villager
Priya Arun as Bijli
Sudharani as Sudha, Manjale Bhai's wife
Shubha Khote
Dinesh Hingoo

Soundtrack

Music composed by Anand–Milind. Lyrics written by Sameer. Music released on TIPS Audio Company.

References

External links

1990s Hindi-language films
1993 films
Films scored by Anand–Milind
Hindi remakes of Tamil films
Hindi-language romance films
Suresh Productions films


P.A.M. Transportation Services Inc. is an irregular route over-the-road trucking company that is based in Tontitown, Arkansas. Founded in April 1980, P.A.M's current service area covers the lower continental 48 states as well as the southern parts of Ontario, Canada. In the early 1990s, P.A.M. began providing transportation services to Mexico under agreements with several Mexican trucking carriers.
P.A.M. Transport serves clients primarily in the automotive, manufacturing, and retail industries and its primary freight consists of general commodities, automotive parts, and heating and air conditioning units. According to the Hoovers financial data on this company, P.A.M.’s company name stands for Pretty Awesome Mileage, yet according to the company's own FAQ on their website, P.A.M. is short for the company founder's initials, Paul Allen Maestri.

Company Awards
P.A.M. Transport was one of the first companies to connect the trucking and business communities. In 2002 and 2003, P.A.M. Transport was named to Forbes magazine's 200 Best Small Companies in America, coming in at number 90 in 2002 and number 186 in 2003.

P.A.M.’s Trucking Fleet

P.A.M. Transport operates a fleet of over 2,000 trucks and 6,000+ trailers. Most of P.A.M.’s trucks are Peterbilt, Freightliner and International tractors that have an average age of 18 months. P.A.M. tractors also include various standard industry equipment, including air-ride cabs, Qualcomm satellite equipment, routing and directional software, and in-cab email service, and installed electronic logs on all units.

P.A.M. Transport hauls dry-van trailers, and its fleet consists of  trailers. P.A.M. trucks are governed between 62 and  to conserve fuel as well as promote safer driving practices.

Company-Sponsored Training
P.A.M. Transport adopted a way to develop properly trained, safety conscious truck drivers through a sponsorship training program. Since 1992, P.A.M. Transport has offered a company-sponsored CDL training program for entry-level drivers through a partnership with the Driver Solutions Network. Through this program, P.A.M. Transport sponsors its students' upfront training costs to attend a partner truck driving school and provides an entry level driving position to drivers once they successfully complete the CDL training. To date, P.A.M. has introduced over 14,000 new drivers to the trucking industry.

References

External links
Corporate Website

Trucking companies of the United States
Companies based in Arkansas
Washington County, Arkansas
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Transport companies established in 1980
1980 establishments in Arkansas
Transportation companies based in Arkansas
American companies established in 1980


was a Japanese samurai warrior during the Sengoku period, and was one of the vassals of Oda Nobunaga. He was the first samurai in the "Kuro-horo-shu" (bodyguard unit in black) elite troops selected from Nobunaga's aides, and later served as an assistant to Oda Nobutada, Nobunaga's eldest son. He was also the lord of Mino Iwamura, and later became the lord of Kai province. There are few documents related to Hidetaka and Kawajiri clan, and many of his traces are recorded in Shinchō Kōki, Koyo Gunkan, and records related to Tokugawa clan.

Biography

Service under Nobuhide
It is said that he was born in Iwasaki Village, Owari Province. Hidetaka served Oda Nobuhide from an early stage. His given name's kanji spelling, with  for hide, is considered to be from Nobuhide's name, which was also spelled with 秀 for hide.

In August 1542 at the age of 16, he participated in the first Battle of Azukizaka as a vassal of Nobuhide. He fought with ashigaru commander Yuhara (由原), who was the forerunner of the Imagawa clan, and defeated him at the battle's end.

Service under Nobunaga
After Nobuhide's death, he also served Oda Nobunaga and became the head of "Kuro-horo-shu" (bodyguard unit in black). In 1558, when Nobunaga summoned his younger brother Oda Nobuyuki to Kiyosu Castle to murder him, he carried out the assassination of Nobuyuki.

He participated in the Battle of Okehazama in May 1560. He followed Nobunaga, who suddenly rushed out, with only four other vassals: Iwamuro Shigeyasu, Hasegawa Hashisuke, Yamaguchi Hidanokami, and Katō Yasaburo. It is said that Mōri Yoshikatsu defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto in the battle, but there is also a different theory that Hidetaka killed Yoshimoto.

In the summer of 1565, he was ordered to attack Mino Sarubami Castle with Niwa Nagahide. The castle's owner, Tajimi Shuri-no-Suke, used the advantage of the land to protect the castle well, but Nagahide occupied the neighboring mountain and cut off the water source, and Hidetaka launched an onslaught and dropped the castle. In the battle of Dōhora castle, on September 28, 1565, he breached the inner citadel first and forced the enemy commander Kishi Nobuharu to commit suicide. After the war, he was given Sarubami Castle as a reward for his conduct in the Mino battle, and the castle's name was changed to Katsuyama. Shortly afterwards, the castle town of Sakahogi, Chozoji, was designated as Kawajiri's family temple. He also allegedly supported the reconstruction of Daisen-ji Temple, which was burned down in the war.

In early 1569, he and Sakai Masahisa were sent to tell Imai Sōkyū to hand over the testimony of Sakai Kitasho. In August of 1569, he participated in a battle with Kitabatake clan based in Okawachi Castle, Ise province. At this time, he was in charge of patrolling the Oda clan army headquarters, along with Sugaya Nagayori, Harada Naomasa, Nakagawa Shigemasa, and Maeda Toshiie. The name can be seen in the draft letter of sympathy sent by Munehisa Imai to the Oda clan generals on September 6, 1569.

On February 19, 1570, Imai Sokyu sent urgent news that Akagi Nobuyasu defeated the army of Miyoshi clan in Awaji province. In the draft letter, the names are listed alongside Kanamori Nagachika, Takei Yūan, Sakai Kōsai, and Sugaya Naganori, and it can be seen that he was recognized as one of Nobunaga's representative aides at that time. On March 6, 1570, Nakayama Takachika and Kanroji Tsunemoto visited Nobunaga, but Hidetaka responded due to his absence and received 30 swords as a reward. On June 28, 1570, he served in the Battle of Anegawa, and in the siege of Sawayama Castle, where Isono Kazumasa, a vassal of Azai Nagamasa, was occupying after the main war, he set up in Nishi-Hikoneyama, one of the attached castles. At the Siege of Shiga in September 1570, he entered the fort of Anota with Sakuma Nobumori, Akechi Mitsuhide, Murai Sadakatsu, and Sassa Narimasa, and played a part in the Siege of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei.

In February 1571, he entered Sawayama Castle after Isono Kazumasa moved out, and since then he was active as a castle general with Niwa Nagahide. In September 1571, Nobunaga ordered for the Tendai Temple affiliated with Enryaku-ji at Mt. Hiei to be burned down, and Hidetaka and Nagahide burned down Saimyōji temple.

In 1582, while planning the Conquest of Kōshū, Nobunaga assigned an army to his eldest son, Oda Nobutada, and had him invade Shinano and Kai Province. Hidetaka, along with Takigawa Kazumasu, became a military commander.

Death
Several months later after the battle of Tenmokuzan, Kawajiri Hidetaka died on June 18, 1582.

References

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External links

Samurai
Daimyo
1527 births
1582 deaths
Oda retainers
People from Aichi Prefecture


Alva Bradley II (February 28, 1884 – March 30, 1953), was a businessman and baseball team executive.

Early life
Bradley was born in Cleveland to a prominent family, the eldest of five children of Morris A. Bradley and the former Anna A. Leininger. He was named after his grandfather, Captain Alva Bradley, who also gave inventor Thomas Edison his middle name of Alva. (He was the best friend of Edison's father Samuel.) Alva Bradley was also the owner of the Cleveland Guardians in the 1940s and helped start what became Case Western Reserve University. Morris Bradley was the only son of Capt. Bradley, inheriting his father's successful shipbuilding company and at one point was one of the largest real estate owners in Cleveland.

Bradley attended the University School of Cleveland and Cornell, along with this brother Charles, who was 20 months younger than Alva, graduating in 1908.

Professional life

He was president of the group that bought the Cleveland Indians in 1927 for $1 million, and which sold the team to Bill Veeck in 1946. While he was the team's president, Bradley was not the majority shareholder. Other members of the ownership group included his brother, Charles C. Bradley, with whom he invested $175,000, John Sherwin Sr. ($300,000), Percy Morgan ($200,000), Newton D. Baker ($25,000), attorney Joseph C. Hostetler ($25,000) and the Van Sweringen brothers ($250,000).

During Bradley's tenure the team signed teenage strikeout king Bob Feller in a controversial move that had to ultimately be resolved by baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis. During the 1940 season Indian players, led by Mel Harder and Ken Keltner, came to him demanding that he fire team manager Ossie Vitt. The Indians, who were labeled "Crybabies" for doing so, lost the pennant race on the last day of the season. Bradley went out on a limb by hiring then 25-year-old Lou Boudreau as team manager.

Bradley had a number of other business interests. He owned a real estate company and was president and treasurer of the United States Coal Company.  He served on the boards of several Van Sweringen companies, the American Shipbuilding Company, Great Lakes Towing Company, and others, and  was chairman of Cleveland Builders Supply Company.

Bradley was married to the former Marguerite Andrews and had four children: a son and three daughters.  He is the great great grandfather of University of Louisiana Ragin Cajuns' pitching phenom Buddy Glass.

References

External links
New York Times Obit, March 30, 1953, retrieved 24 January 2008

Baseball executives
Cleveland Indians executives
Cornell University alumni
1884 births
1953 deaths
American sports businesspeople
Businesspeople from Cleveland
20th-century American businesspeople


Peter Lavorato (born August 26, 1952, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a former professional Canadian football player who played in the Canadian Football League for ten years. Lavorato played defensive back for the Edmonton Eskimos, BC Lions and Montreal Concordes from 1975 to 1984. He was part of five Grey Cup-winning teams for the Eskimos. Lavorato was an All-Star in 1977. He was a theatre arts major and played college football at Utah State University. He acted in professional theatre during his football career.

From 2003 to 2017, Lavorato coached football and taught English and Drama at Sacred Heart School in Atherton, California. He led the varsity football team to win five  Central Coast Section (CCS) titles. In 2017, Lavorato took over as head coach at The King's Academy in Sunnyvale, California. In his second year he guided the varsity team to their first CCS title in football. Lavorato previously taught in Alberta and served as the Edmonton Eskimos' Defensive Line Coach in 1995.

References

1952 births
Living people
BC Lions players
Canadian football defensive backs
Edmonton Elks coaches
Edmonton Elks players
Montreal Concordes players
Players of Canadian football from Alberta
Canadian football people from Edmonton
Utah State Aggies football players


Piloto Cigars Inc. is a private company that produces the Padrón cigar brand from Nicaragua. Commonly known as Padrón Cigars, the company was founded in September 8, 1964, in Miami, Florida, by Cuban-native José Orlando Padrón. In 1970, Padrón moved the company to Estelí, Nicaragua.

Padrón Cigars is managed and curated by three generations of the Padrόn family, under the leadership of José O. Padrón, and Jorge Padrón. The company controls all aspects of cigar production, including tobacco growing, sorting, processing, cigar manufacturing, and distribution.

Company history

Origins

Damaso Padrón, Jose Orlando Padrón's grandfather, immigrated to Cuba from the Canary Islands (Spain) in the middle 1800s when he was a young boy. As was designated in those days, the "" () were made to work in the tobacco fields. With what little money they had, the Padrón family bought a small farm in the Pinar del Río region of Cuba, Las Obas. At that time they made $7 every  of tobacco they cultivated in Cuba. From there, the Padrón family continued to buy farms around the Pinar del Río region including a factory in Piloto, where the name of Jose's company, Piloto Cigars, is derived.

Jose Orlando Padrón was born in 1926 in Cuba and grew up near the Pinar del Río region, famed for its tobacco. His family has been working in the tobacco industry since the 1850s, and, when Jose moved from Cuba in 1961 after his tobacco farm was nationalized by Fidel Castro, went to Spain, then New York, and then he brought over a century's worth of tobacco knowledge to Miami. In Miami, Jose earned $60 every month from government aid to Cuban refugees. After a friend gave him a small hammer, Jose obtained a carpentry job. It was this job that enabled him to raise the $600 to start his own cigar brand and business. To this day, the little hammer has been a symbol of Jose's start as a cigar blender and manufacturer.

Padrón produced 200 cigars a day, made in typical Cuban rolling style, with one torcedor. Padrón then came to the idea of making a new cigar, the "Fuma". Made completely from Connecticut broadleaf tobacco, many bought this cigar for its curly head cap, which resembled the traditional cigars from Cuba.

It soon became very limiting to deal only with Connecticut broadleaf tobacco because of its long curing process. Padrón was approached by a man from a tobacco company in Nicaragua touring around for potential buyers, who asked him to inspect his tobacco for its quality. Padrón thought very well of his tobacco and told him to come back after his trip to Europe so he may travel to Nicaragua and inspect the tobacco and the fields. There, in the Jalapa valley of Nicaragua, Padrón found the tobacco he would use for his cigars.

Move to Nicaragua

Jose Padrón began using the Nicaraguan tobacco in 1967, but due to inability to meet the demands of his consumers, he moved his company to Estelí, Nicaragua in 1970 — a country with numerous political troubles at the time. Padrón tried to remain apolitical during his stay in Nicaragua however, after riots broke out and Padrón's factory was burnt down, Jose began to search for another location for his business.

While the factory in Nicaragua was rebuilt soon after the disaster, another factory was established across the border in Honduras. After the Sandinista rebellion and take over, there was much uncertainty at the Padrón factory as to what the workers were to do. Padrón asked them to continue working, and eventually Padrón returned to Nicaragua where he spoke to a Sandinista official, who promised him there would be no more problems with his factory.

Nicaraguan blockade

A new problem arose for Padrón after making peace with the Sandinistas: the United States embargo against Nicaragua enacted by President Ronald Reagan on Nicaraguan products. Padrón scrambled to move as much tobacco and cigars from Nicaragua to Tampa, Florida during the 5 days allotted before the blockade took effect. He was later granted an extension by the U.S. government to continue to move his product for another 6 months, then, whatever stock he had left in Nicaragua, remained there. After the blockade lifted, Padrón shifted his main operation back to Nicaragua, where it still remains today.

Current history

As President, Jorge is moving into the director's position for the company; making more trips to visit the factories in Estelí and working on the business end of the company. It is the intent of the Padrón family that Jorge will eventually take the main leadership role in the company one day.  Jose Orlando Padrón passed away on December 5, 2017.

In 2003, the company opened a new  rolling facility in Estelí, Nicaragua, a building twice the size of the company's previous Estelí facility. The new rolling center was the 17th building owned by Padrón in Estelí and brought the company's usable space in the city up to a total of , mostly dedicated to the storage of tobacco. At that time the company maintained an inventory sufficient for more than 25 million cigars — six years' worth of production.

Product line

The Padrón cigar company makes three different blends of cigar, all with their own unique flavor and sizes. They also offer cigars and many different price points.

Padrón Series

There are fifteen vitolas in the Padrón series. Each is available in a natural and a maduro wrapper. With the exception of the Corticos, the band for all of the vitolas is brown with "Padrón" and "Handmade" in white lettering. The wrapper, filler, and binder leaves are all sun-grown habano from Nicaragua, aged two-and-one-half years.

Padrón 1964 Anniversary Series

In 1994, Padrón introduced the 1964 Anniversary Series, in celebration of the company's 30-year anniversary.  Like the regular Padrón series, these cigars are made entirely from Nicaraguan-grown tobacco, and are available in both natural and maduro wrappers  The series is limited in its production and to assure authenticity, the company labels each individual cigar with its own 6-digit serial number.

Padron Serie 1926

The third cigar blend Padrón offers is the Padrón Serie 1926, created in 2002 in honor of Jose Padrón's 75th birthday, with the "1926" a reference to the family patriarch's year of birth. Consisting of 7 vitolas, each cigar features either a sun-grown habano natural or Maduro wrapper, and contains Nicaraguan tobacco aged for no less than five years. Just like the Padrón 1964 Anniversary blend, the Padrón Serie 1926 is box pressed and has 6 digit security codes on their bands to ensure against counterfeiting.

The Padrón 1926 Serie Famous 75th, released in November of 2015, comes in a 5 x 54 box pressed robusto vitola, and is available in either a Nicaraguan habano or Nicaraguan habano maduro wrapper.

Only 1500 boxes of each version are being produced, with box prices set at $210 and single stick prices at $21.

Padron Family Reserve

The fourth and final cigar blends that Padrón offers is the Padrón Family Reserve. They were first created in 2009, and each different blend was created to commemorate a special date to the company, with exception to the 85 year which was created for Jose Orlando Padrón's birthday. Consisting of 6 unique blends, each cigar features either a sun-grown habano natural or Maduro wrapper, and contains Nicaraguan tobacco aged for a minimum of ten years. Just like the Padrón 1964 Anniversary and Padrón Serie 1926 blends, all six blends are box pressed and have 6 digit security codes on their bands to ensure against counterfeiting.

Awards/Recognition/Ratings

 Serie 1926 No. 9 was designated one of the Best Padron Cigars by Cigars Direct.
 Serie 1926 40th Anniversary was designated one of the 25 Best Cigars of 2004 by Cigar Aficionado magazine.

Padrón has received numerous awards and high ratings from many respected cigar critics, connoisseurs and aficionados. The Thousand series has received over sixty one ratings, the lowest being an 88 and the highest being a 94 on a one hundred point scale. The Padrón 1964 Anniversary blend has received sixty two ratings, the lowest being a 90 and the highest being a 95 on a one hundred point scale. The Padrón Serie 1926 blend has received twenty seven ratings, the lowest being a 90 and the highest being a 97 on a 100-point scale. The special release Padrón 1964 Anniversary "A" received a rating of 91 twice, while the newest Padrón 1964 Anniversary "Millennium" has received no ratings.

See also
List of cigar brands

References

External links
Padrón Official website, padron.com/ Retrieved September 16, 2010.

Manufacturing companies established in 1964
Cigar manufacturing companies
Cigar brands
1964 establishments in Florida
Companies of Nicaragua


Jimmi Klitland (born 19 February 1982) is a Danish professional football player, who last played for Hvidovre IF.

He is now out of contract.

External links

Living people
1982 births
Danish men's footballers
Brøndby IF players
Køge Boldklub players
Boldklubben Skjold players
Ølstykke FC players
Vejle Boldklub players
Boldklubben Frem players
Men's association football goalkeepers