"A Day in the Death" is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Torchwood, which was broadcast on BBC Three on 27 February 2008.

The episode follows the dismissal and later readmission of the recently undead medical officer Owen Harper (Burn Gorman) to the alien-hunting team Torchwood.

Plot
Jack relieves Owen of his duties at Torchwood so Owen's state after being killed and resurrected three days ago can be examined. Martha assumes his position as Torchwood's medical officer, and Owen is given Ianto's job of making coffee. Martha concludes that Owen is 100% human yet will not age. The team discus a series of energy spikes coming from the estate of Henry Parker, a reclusive collector of alien artifacts. They devise a plan to find out the origin of the energy spikes, excluding Owen from the task.

Owen goes home. Toshiko arrives to keep him company, but Owen becomes angry when she offers to help. After insulting Toshiko, Owen intentionally breaks his finger (which cannot heal) to show her how "broken" he is, before attempting suicide. He fails to drown since he has no need for breath. At the Hub, the team realise that heat sensors on the Parker estate make it impossible for them to get inside. When Owen points out that he has no body heat, Jack agrees to take him on the mission.

After successfully entering the house, Owen reaches Parker, an old man linked up to many ventilators and medical machines after having three heart attacks. Parker says is being kept alive by a glowing object he calls the Pulse. Owen explains that it isn't keeping him alive; hope is doing the job. Owen promises to help Parker face his fear of death, but Parker suffers another heart attack. Unable to draw breath himself, Owen cannot perform CPR, and Parker dies. The energy from the Pulse is not as dangerous as originally thought; it was an alien species sending a reply to messages NASA sent into space in the 1970s, which appears as a beautiful light.

After Torchwood says farewell to Martha, Owen promises to tell Toshiko whenever he's feeling bad. Owen walks on a footpath, looks up and spots a woman called Maggie Hopley, who is ready to jump off a roof on the anniversary of her husband's death. Asking Maggie if she is ready to jump and revealing his undead state, Owen tells the story of his day to her as a frame story throughout the episode. He later takes the Pulse out of his backpack and shows it to Maggie as a way of showing her it does get better.

Continuity
One of Henry Parker's purchases was a Dogon Eye, an item last seen in "Random Shoes". The official website states that he has recently purchased a Cyberman arm and chest unit.
In the opening scene, archive footage of Louise Delamere as Diane Holmes, Owen's first series love interest, is shown. Also in the opening montage, clips from episodes such as "Everything Changes", "Ghost Machine", "Out of Time" and "Meat" can be glimpsed.
This is the second episode in which Owen is relieved of his duties. He was previously dismissed by Jack after he opened the rift in "End of Days".

Outside references
 Owen says that Torchwood filed Henry Parker as "Mostly Harmless," a reference to the book by the same name by Douglas Adams, who used to write for Doctor Who. "Mostly Harmless" was the revised entry for planet Earth in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, also written by Adams. The original entry for Earth was "harmless".
 Owen criticises Ianto for liking The Adventures of Tintin. Owen thinks Tintin is weird, and reckons "he was shagging the dog" (his pet Snowy). Later in the episode, Owen is given a Tintin T-shirt. Doctor Who writer Steven Moffat co-wrote the 2011 film The Adventures of Tintin.

Production

Cast notes
Richard Briers previously played the Chief Caretaker and the voice of Kroagnon in the 1987 Seventh Doctor serial Paradise Towers.

Music
The song playing in Owen's apartment is "Atlas" by Battles.

References

References

External links

Torchwood episodes
2008 British television episodes
Doctor Who crossovers
Television episodes about death


The Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran () was established in 1988. It is one of the four academies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The other three are: Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Iranian Academy of the Arts and Academy of Persian Language and Literature.

Organization
The academy consists of the president of the country as the director of the academy, a general body, the president of the academy (currently Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli), a scientific council, and the secretary of the academy.

The academy has six scientific departments including: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Department of Engineering Sciences, Department of Humanities, Department of Islamic Studies, and Department of Veterinary Sciences.

Objectives
Among the major objectives of the Academy of Sciences of Iran are the attainment of scientific and cultural independence, promotion of science and technology, encouragement of the spirit of research, access to the latest scientific findings and innovations through teamwork, and absorbing, encouraging and supporting eminent researchers and scholars. In order to fulfil these objectives, the academy has a range of duties including survey and analysis of the status of science, technology, education and research at the national scale; studies on experiences of other countries on the development of science, technology and its application with respect to the available facilities and potential of the country; and material and spiritual support of scholars to create scientific works among, and other duties.

Members
The Academy has three types of members including Fellows, Associates and Honorary members. All members are elected by secret ballot and need the majority of votes. In 1990, the Supreme Cultural Revolution Council selected the first fifteen fellows of the Academy. There are requirements for any of these membership types, for example fellow members have to be full professors with outstanding publications and Iranian citizenship.

See also
 Science and technology in Iran
 Higher Education in Iran
 Mostafa Mohaghegh Damad, a member of the Academy

References

External links

Organisations based in Tehran
Organizations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Iran
Cultural organisations based in Iran


Veyrières (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Bar () is a commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Barois or Baroises.

Geography

Bar is located some 40 km north-east of Brive-la-Gaillarde and 8 km north of Tulle. Access to the commune is by the D53 road which branches from the D1120 west of the commune and passes through the narrow neck of the commune before continuing north as the D32 to Orliac-de-Bar. The D53 also continues south from the village through the heart of the commune to Gimel-les-Cascades. The D23 comes from Tulle in the south and passes through the commune and the village continuing north-east to join the D26 near Corrèze. The D173 comes from Le Lonzac in the north down the western arm of the commune and passes south to join the D53 in the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Cousin Haut and Cousin Bas in the western arm of the commune. The commune is mixed forest and farmland with forests predominant.

The Corrèze river flows from the north-east of the commune forming part of the north-eastern border then continuing west then south through the commune to form part of the southern border before continuing south-west to eventually join the Vézère west of Brive-la-Gaillarde. The Vimbelle river forms the eastern border of the western arm of the commune flowing south to also form the south-western border of the commune before it joins the Corrèze on the southern border of the commune. The Menaude river flows from the north through the commune to join the Vimbelle on the western border. The Ruisseau du Passadour forms the western border of the eastern arm of the commune as it flows south to join the Menaude.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Demography
In 2017 the commune had 308 inhabitants.

Sites and monuments
The Chapel de Lacour contains a Statuette of the Virgin and child (16th century) which is registered as an historical object.
2 Capitals and a fragment of Column in the Place de l'Eglise (11th century) are registered as an historical object.
A Keystone in the Place de l'Eglise (15th century) is registered as an historical object.

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

External links
Bar on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Bar on the 1750 Cassini Map

Communes of Corrèze


Ubaldo Giraldi (1692–1775), also known by the Latin name Ubaldus A Sancto Cajetano, was an Italian canonist.

Life
Giraldi was a member of the Piarists (Clerici regulares Scholarum piarum), was twice assistant general-councillor of his congregation, was provincial superior of the Roman province, rector of the Piarist college at Rome, and Apostolic examiner for the Roman clergy.

Works
He published an edition, with additions (Rome, 1757), of the Institutiones Canonicæ of Remy Maschat, also a Piarist. The Expositio juris pontificii of Giraldi (Rome, 1769; re-edited, 1829–1830) is not a treatise on canon law. The author merely reproduces the principal texts of the Decretals and of the Council of Trent, adding thereto such papal documents as interpret or modify their meaning, with a brief commentary of his own. His last work, on which his reputation is chiefly based, was a new edition with notes and additions of Barbosa's great work on parish priests, Animadversiones et additamenta ex posterioribus summorum pontificum constitutionibus et sacrarum congregationum decretis desumpta, ad Aug. Barbosa, de Officio et Potestate parochi (Rome, 1773, new ed., 1831).

References
 That entry was written by A. Van Hove. cites:
Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechtes (Stuttgart, 1875–1880), III, 534-535
Hurter, Nomenclator.

Canon law jurists
Piarists
1692 births
1775 deaths
18th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
18th-century jurists
18th-century Italian jurists
18th-century writers in Latin
18th-century Italian male writers


Beaumont (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Corrèze communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Corrèze (; ) is a commune in the central French department of Corrèze.

Geography
Corrèze is situated in the Massif Central in south-central France, within the regional nature park of Millevaches en Limousin. It borders on Vitrac-sur-Montane to the northeast, Saint-Priest-de-Gimel to the southeast, Bar to the southwest, and Meyrignac-l'Église to the northwest. A little further to the southwest, about 20 kilometers from Corrèze, lies Tulle, the prefecture of the department. The Corrèze (river) flows through the town, which is where it gets its name.

History
The first known mention of Corrèze dates from the ninth century A.D.. Later, it became a stop along the pilgrimage to Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, or Santiago de Compostella, and a town formed around the church. It was burnt down by the English during the Hundred Years War, but rebuilt later in the fifteenth century. The 1789 French Revolution did not have any notable effects on the town itself; the First World War, however, claimed over one hundred lives. With the onset of rural exodus and urbanization, the town has never reestablished its former population.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


The English county of Cumbria is located in North West England and has a population of 496,200 (making it the 41st most populous county of England's 48 counties). Cumbria has an area of 6,768 km², making the county England's third largest county, and with only 73 inhabitants per km², it is the country's second least densely populated county. People from Cumbria are known as Cumbrians and they speak a variety of the Cumbrian dialect to the north, whilst a Lancashire accent is more prominent in the south (namely Furness, which was once part of Lancashire). Along with Lancashire to the south, Cumbria is bordered with Scotland to the north, the Irish Sea to the west, Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east and North Yorkshire to the south-east.

Settlements

Carlisle is the largest and only city in the county, whilst Barrow-in-Furness (the largest town) is twice as large as the second largest town (Kendal).

The twenty most populous settlements in Cumbria are listed below.

Population and area
Cumbria as a whole is the second least densely populated county in England with only 73 people per square kilometre. Despite it being the third largest in area (6,768 km²), about a third of the county is taken up by the Lake District National Park. Below is a table listing each district by population density.

Ethnic groups
Below is a table noting the percentage change for each respective ethnic group between 2004 and 2005 compared with England as a whole. This table does not reflect how many people of each group reside in each district; large percentage increases in such places as Copeland and Eden often mean that a community could have just increased from 30 to 37.

Black
People of Sub-Saharan descent (i.e. Black Britons) are one of the county's smallest ethnic groups, with around 0.4% of Cumbria's population suiting this term (around 2,000 people) - England average is around 2.9%. Cumbria's black community is increasing by around 20% per annum (See above), making them one of the county's fastest growing ethnic groups. The vast majority of Cumbria's Afro-Caribbean community reside in the largest towns, and Black Africans now make up a larger percentage than Black Caribbeans. The percentage of Black people for each of the county's six districts is as follows: South Lakeland 0.6%, Allerdale 0.3%, Barrow-in-Furness 0.3%, Carlisle 0.3%, Copeland 0.3%, Eden 0.3%.

Chinese
At the time of the 2001 Census, Chinese made up the largest ethnic minority group in Cumbria, however over the following decade a number of South Asian (including Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis), Eastern European and Black groups overtook the community in terms of size. Despite this there is still a 1,100 strong Chinese community in the county (roughly 0.2% of Cumbria's population) - England average is around 0.8%. Unlike the South Asian groups, the Chinese are very widely dispersed across the county. The percentage of Chinese people for each of Cumbria's six districts is as follows: Allerdale 0.2%, Barrow-in-Furness 0.2%, Carlisle 0.2%, Copeland 0.2%, Eden 0.2%, South Lakeland 0.2%.

Immigrant White
2.2% of Cumbria's population (10,700) comes under the Other White category - England average is around 4.7%, meaning white people with ancestry outside of the UK. A large portion of these are people originating from the Republic of Ireland (around 0.5%), as people originating from Northern Ireland (of which there are more) come under the term White British. Whitehaven has been noted to have historically had a population of Irish migrants. Southern Europeans have a strong presence along Cumbria's Western Coast, with the towns of Whitehaven and Workington having significant Italian and Spanish communities. Carlisle to the north is estimated to be home to over 1,600 Poles, as well as countless other Eastern European immigrants. Barrow-in-Furness is home to hundreds of Germans, white Canadians, Poles, and people from the former Yugoslavia, as well as the UK's most significant Kosovar community. Kendal being in a prime location has recently attracted many Eastern European immigrants, as well as many migrants of any race being attracted to work in the Lake District. The percentage of Other White people for each of the county's six districts is as follows: Carlisle 2.8%, South Lakeland 2.6%, Eden 2.3%, Barrow-in-Furness 1.9%, Allerdale 1.8%, Copeland 1.3%.

White British group
White British people constitute for the largest ethnic group by far in the county at 95.1% (or 470,900 people) - England average is 82.8%. The largest percentage of White British people are in the rural regions of the county, and to some extent the districts of Carlisle and Eden to the North. Every district of Cumbria has a faster than nationwide average of ethnic minority growth. In some cases the larger towns are seeing a greater increase in immigrants than the UK's largest cities. The percentage of White British people for each of the county's six districts is as follows: Copeland 96.3%, Barrow-in-Furness 95.9%, Allerdale 95.7%, Eden 95.3%, Carlisle 94.4%, South Lakeland 93.7%. According to the 2001 UK Census, 16,628 people were born in Scotland, representing 3.4% of the county's population, 3,471 were born in Wales and 2,289 in Northern Ireland.

Multiracial
People belonging to two or more races Multiracial make up 0.7% of the county's population (some 3,300 people) - England average is around 1.9% Mixed Race. The spread of people of mixed race in Cumbria is more or less equal. The percentage of Mixed Race people for each of the county's six districts is as follows: Allerdale 0.7%, Barrow-in-Furness 0.7%, Carlisle 0.7%, Copeland 0.7%, South Lakeland 0.7%, Eden 0.6%.

South Asian
The South Asian community in Cumbria has increased dramatically since 2001, and now stand at 1.1% of the population (around 5,600) - England average is around 6.0%, the largest sub groups of this are Indians and Pakistanis, with Bangladeshis and Other South Asians. The percentage of South Asian people for each of Cumbria's six districts is as follows: South Lakeland 1.5%, Allerdale 1.2%, Carlisle 1.1%, Copeland 1.0%, Eden 0.9%, Barrow-in-Furness 0.8%.

Religion

The information below is based on 2001 UK Census findings.

No Religion
The second largest group are those who categorise themselves as having "no religion". This group makes up 10.4% of the population of Cumbria (slightly higher at 11.0% in Carlisle, but lower than the 14.6% national average). The next largest group are those who, for whatever reason, opted not to state their religious affiliation, making up 6.9% of the population of Cumbria (7.8% in Carlisle and 7.7% nationally).

Buddhism
Cumbria is likely to be the only county in the United Kingdom where Buddhists constitute the second largest religion, where most areas of the country have Islam as the second largest religion. Some 810 Buddhists resided in Cumbria in 2001 (0.2% of the county's population). The largest buddhist centres and temples can be found in Ulverston and Carlisle, where hundreds of Buddhists live in the Kadampa Buddhist Temple and Uma Buddhist Centre respectively.

Christianity

Christianity is by far the largest religion in Cumbria, with 400,578 Cumbrians identifying themselves as Christians in the 2001 UK Census. This represents 80.7% of the county's population. However, like with the majority of the rest of the UK, Cumbria's Christian population has thought to have decreased dramatically since 2001, with recent surveys showing that only 53% of the country's population described themselves as Christian. For the Church of England (Anglican), most of Cumbria is in the Anglican Diocese of Carlisle. For Roman Catholics, Cumbria forms part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lancaster. There are over 130 churches located across Cumbria with the only cathedral being Carlisle Cathedral.

Islam
Islam, unlike in most areas of the UK, is not the second most common religion in Cumbria. In 2001, 747 people followed the religion (almost 0.2% of Cumbria's population), with the largest concentration of Muslims being found in Carlisle, Barrow and Kendal. The  designated mosque in Cumbria is the Great Border City Masjid in Carlisle (www.carlislemasjid.org), which is predominantly run and used by the city's first and second generations of British Bangladeshi community, also used by British Pakistanis, Turkish, Arabs and others. There are, however, rented-out buildings and prayer rooms in Keswick. Penrith and Whitehaven also have mosques.

List of districts

By population
 Carlisle - 108,274
 South Lakeland - 104,321
 Allerdale - 97,213
 Barrow-in-Furness - 67,099
 Copeland - 68,689
 Eden - 52,779

By area
 Eden - 2,142.36 km²
 Allerdale - 1,241.58 km²
 South Lakeland - 1,533.62 km²
 Carlisle - 1,039.30 km²
 Copeland - 731.74 km²
 Barrow-in-Furness - 77.96 km²

By population density
 Barrow-in-Furness - 861 / km²
 Carlisle - 104 / km²
 Copeland - 94 / km²
 Allerdale - 78 / km²
 South Lakeland - 68 / km²
 Eden - 25 / km²

See also

Demographics of the United Kingdom
Demographics of Barrow-in-Furness

References

Cumbria
Cumbria


Manuel González Zeledón (24 December 1864 – 29 May 1936) was a Costa Rican writer. Writing under the nom-de-plume "Magón", he also worked to promote culture and literature in the country.

While his literary output was not prolific, he is remembered for works that serve to cast light on the people and culture of Costa Rica.

Born in San José, he began his writing career on the newspaper La Patria, which at the time was edited by the writer Aquileo J. Echeverría. Later, in conjunction with other writers, he founded the newspaper El País, opposing clerical interference in the government of the country.

In 1932 he was appointed ambassador to the United States, and made his last return to Costa Rica on May 16th, 1936. The ambassador returned to his native country, ill, and died on May 29th, 1936. He was 71 years old.

See also
Magón National Prize for Culture, Costa Rica's highest cultural award, named in his honour.

References

1864 births
1936 deaths
Costa Rican male writers
Costa Rican diplomats
Ambassadors of Costa Rica to the United States
Writers from San José, Costa Rica


Paul Ichiro Terasaki (, September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist in the field of human organ transplant technology, and professor emeritus of surgery at UCLA School of Medicine.

He spent three high school years during World War II interned with his family and other Japanese Americans in the Gila River War Relocation Center. Later he earned his bachelor's, master's, and doctorate in zoology all from UCLA and was appointed to the medical school faculty.

In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test, a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients that required only 1 microliter each of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The test was adopted as the international standard for tissue typing. He has focused on study of the humoral theory of transplant rejection, which states that antibodies cause allograft rejection.  He and his corporation, One Lambda, have played a central role in the development of tissue typing and transplantation surgery.

Terasaki established UCLA's HLA laboratory, and also established the UCLA Kidney Transplant Registry, the largest in the world. In 1999, he retired from UCLA, but within a year resumed his academic pursuits with the creation of the Terasaki Foundation, a research center dedicated to cancer immunotherapy and the study of humoral immunity and transplantation.

On May 13, 2010, UCLA announced the naming of the new life science building for Terasaki, who has given $50 million to the Division of Life Sciences in the UCLA College of Letters and Science, which is the largest ever given to the UCLA College. The structure is known as the Terasaki Life Sciences Building. He was awarded the 2011 UCLA Edward A. Dickson Alumnus of the Year award on April 13, 2012, and the UCLA medal on June 15, 2012.

Paul Terasaki was married to artist Hisako Terasaki; they had four children.

He died on January 25, 2016, after a long illness.

Publications
Terasaki PI, McClelland JD. Microdroplet assay of human serum cytotoxins. Nature 1964; 204: 998–1000.
Terasaki PI. Resolution by HLA testing of 1000 paternity cases not excluded by ABO testing. J Family Law 1977; 16: 543–557.
Scholsstein L, Terasaki PI, Bluestone R, Pearson CM. High association of an HLA antigen, w27, with ankylosing spondylitis.  N Engl J Med 1973; 228: 704–706.
Collins GM, Bravo-Shugarman M, Terasaki PI. Kidney preservation for transportation. Initial perfusion and 30 hour ice storage. Lancet 1969; ii: 1219.
Takemoto SK, Terasaki PI, Gjertson DW, Cecka JM. Twelve years’ experience with national sharing of HLA matched cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1078–1084.
Terasaki PI, Marchioro TL, Starzl TE. Serotyping of human lymphocyte antigens. Preliminary trials on long-term kidney homograft survivors. Nat Acad Sci Monograph 1965; 83–96.
Terasaki PI, ed. History of HLA. Ten Recollections. Los Angeles: UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory; 1990.
Patel R, Terasaki PI. Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med 1969; 280: 735–739.
Nishikawa K, Terasaki PI. Annual trends and triple therapy – 1991–2000. In: Cecka, JM, Terasaki, PI, eds. Clinical Transplants 2001.  Los Angeles: UCLA Immunogenetics Center; 2002, pp. 247–270.
Terasaki PI. Red cell crossmatching for heart transplants (letter). N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1748.
Mickey MR, Kreisler M, Albert ED, Tanaka N, Terasaki PI. Analysis of HLA incompatibility in human renal transplants. Tissue Antigens 1971; 2: 57–67.
Terasaki PI, Cecka JM, Gjertson DW, Takemoto S. High survival rates of kidney transplants from spousal and living unrelated donors. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 333–336.
Terasaki PI, Mickey MR, Kreisler M. Presensitization and kidney transplant failures. Postgrad Med 1970; 47: 89–100.
Opelz G, Sengar DPS, Mickey MR, Terasaki PI. Effect of blood transfusions on subsequent kidney transplants. Transplant Proc 1973; 4: 253–259.
Terasaki PI, Cho YW, Cecka JM. Editorial: Strategy for eliminating the kidney shortage. In: Cecka, M, Terasaki, PI, eds. Clinical Transplants 1997. Los Angeles: UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory; 1998, pp. 265–267.
Mckenna RM, Takemoto SK, Terasaki PI. Anti-HLA antibodies after solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 69:319–326.
Lee PC, Terasaki PI, Takemoto SK et al. All chronic rejection failures of kidney transplants were preceded by the development of HLA antibodies. Transplantation 2002; 74: 1192–1194.
Terasaki PI. Antibody response to homografts. I. Preliminary studies of the time of appearance of lymphoagglutinins upon homografting. Am Surg 1959; 11: 896–899.
Terasaki PI. The humoral theory of transplantation. Am J Transpl 2003; 3: 665–673.
Terasaki PI, Cai J. Humoral theory of transplantation: further evidence. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005；17(5):541-5.
Cai J, Terasaki PI. Humoral theory of transplantation: mechanism, prevention, and treatment. Hum Immunol. 2005；66(4):334-42.
Terasaki PI, Cai J. Human leukocyte antigen antibodies and chronic rejection: from association to causation. Transplantation. 2008;86(3):377-83
Cho YW, Terasaki PI, Cecka JM, Gjertson DW. Transplantation of kidneys from donors whose heart has stopped beating. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 221–225.

References

External links
 See also its links to oral history video clips.
Starzl TE. The Puzzle People – Memoirs of a Transplant Surgeon. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1992.
Feucht HE, Schneeberger H, Hillebrand G et al. Capillary deposition of C4d complement fragment and early renal graft loss. Kidney Int 1993; 43: 1333–1338.
El-Awar N, Terasaki P, Lazda V, Nikaein A, Manning C, Arnold AN. Almost all patients who are waiting for a regraft of a kidney transplant have anti-HLA antibodies. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:2531–2532.
Halloran PF. Call for revolution: a new approach to describing allograft deterioration. Am J Transpl 2002; 2: 195–200.

1929 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Methodists
American academics of Japanese descent
American transplant surgeons
American United Methodists
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA faculty
Japanese-American internees
Physicians from Los Angeles
Philanthropists from California
University of California, Los Angeles alumni


Grandsaigne (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department of central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Sand burr is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

Cenchrus, a grass
Xanthium, a broad-leaved plant

See also
Sand bur


Juillac may refer to the following communes in France:

Juillac, Corrèze
Juillac, Gers
Juillac, Gironde
Juillac-le-Coq, in the department of Charente


Juillac (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southern France. From 1790 to 2015, the municipality was the capital of the canton of Juillac.

Geography

Location
In the western part of the Department of Corrèze, on the edge of the Brive basin and the country of Uzerche, the municipality of Juillac extends over 33.14 km2. It is watered by the Roseix and its tributary the Tournerie stream which, both, take their source there.

The minimum altitude, 154 metres, lies at the extreme south, where the Roseix leaves the commune and enters on that of Rosiers-de-Juillac. The maximum elevation with 410 or 415 metres is located in the extreme north-west, at the place called lieu-dit les Bichets, on the edge of Saint-Cyr-les-Champagnes. A mark at the post office building indicates 300 meters. The town is hilly.

The village of Juillac, at the intersection of the departmental roads (RD) 39, 71 and 901, lies, in great circle distances, 21 km north of Terrasson-Lavilledieu, 22 km southwest of Uzerche and 24 km north-west of Brive-la-Gaillarde.

The communal territory is also served by RD 4, 52, 52nd, 71E1 and 114.

Population

Local culture and heritage

Places and monuments
 Church of Saint-Germain.
 Manoir des Miracles.
 Remains of an ancient castle.

Cultural heritage
Juillac has a freshly renovated media library in the Grande Rue and several Association loi de 1901, one of which aims to highlight the naturalist Jeanne Villepreux-Power.

Still on the main street, a gallery allows regular exhibitions of artists highlighting in these lands of the lower Limousin (e.g. Daniel Cochin, Marijke Munne, Hervé Treuil and Guy Sermadiras).

Natural heritage
In the north-west of the village, the municipality conceals a natural zone of 304 hectares of a Zone Naturelle d'Intérêt Ecologique, Faunistique et Floristique (ZNIEFF), type 2 in the heart of the Forest of Montcheyrol, a refuge of many animal species.

Notable people
 Patrick Boutot says Patrick Sébastien: Although born in Brive-la-Gaillarde in 1953, he spent part of his childhood in Juillac. A plaque recalling this moment of his life was installed on the facade of the house where he lived, near the church.
 Alain Penaud, former opening half of the XV de France, was born in Juillac in 1969.
 Jean Malaval, born on 25 July 1911 in Chabrignac and died on 9 July 2003 in Tours. Lived all his childhood in Juillac and was the holder of several world records for track cycling before war. He held the Veld'hiv time record. A painter after the war, he was congratulated by the President of the Republic, Mr. Réné Coty, for his first prize at the exhibition of the autumn Salon of the city of Paris. He exhibited in Paris, London, Dallas... [Ref. Required]
 Jeanne Villepreux-Power, known as Lady Power, a French naturalist, was born in Juillac in 1794, and died there in 1871, after having lived in Sicily for a long time. She is the inventor of aquariums.
 Bernard Marque, mathematician, historian and Félibre, born in Juillac in 1866, died in Juillac in 1936.
 François Gouyon, French parliamentarian (1875-1966), born and died in Juillac.
 Adhémar Péchadre (1862-1925), born in Juillac, French MP between 1906 and 1919 in the Marne department
 André Monteil (1915-1998), born in Juillac, associate professor, minister of the government of Pierre Mendès France.
 Jean-Baptiste Chavoix, born in Juillac on 4 October 1739 and died in Juillac on 18 September 1818, was a member of the Constituent Assembly for the Third State, seneschalty of Limoges.
 Michel Mallevergne (1804-1877) was a politician born in Juillac.
 Pierre Jean François Chaffary, born in Villemoustaussou on 17 May 1872 and died in Juillac on 22 August 1950, Brigadier General in 1931.

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Rushton is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire. It is about  north-east of Rothwell and  north-west of Kettering. The parish covers  and is situated on both sides of the River Ise. It contains the sites of three deserted settlements, details of which are set out below.

The village's name means 'farm/settlement which is rushy'.

At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 452 people, increasing slightly to 461 at the 2011 Census.   The village has a primary school a pub opposite the village cricket pitch, a health retreat, bed and breakfast and hotel.

There is a bus service that runs through the village linking Rushton to neighbouring towns. It goes hourly and the bus stop is opposite the pub, the Thornhill arms.

Buildings

The village is home to Rushton Triangular Lodge which is in the former grounds of Rushton Hall, which is  west of the village; the hall is currently a hotel.

All Saints' Church is of Norman origin but mostly 14th-century with 19th-century restorations in 1853 and 1869 by Edmund Francis Law. There is a monument to Sir Thomas Tresham (died 8 March 1559) of Rushton Hall.

Other notable buildings in the village include a Manor House east of the church, Manor Farm House (17th-century) and the Georgian Old Rectory.

Deserted settlements

The location, history and remaining physical evidence of three deserted settlements within the parish have been systematically documented.

Barford - This lay near Barford Lodge and is listed in the Domesday Book with seven recorded inhabitants. In 1516, George Boyvil enclosed 86 acres of arable land at Barford and it was reported that "almost the whole village" was destroyed. The chapel that formerly served this village was no longer in existence in the early 18th century.

Glendon - This was immediately east of Glendon Hall, with a recorded population of fourteen in the Domesday Book. In 1327, there were ten tenants on the manor. In 1514, Robert Malory enclosed 494 acres of arable land as well as pasture. At that time, nine out of the twelve houses were destroyed.

Rushton St Peter - The site of this settlement is in the area of Rushton Hall. It was listed along with Rushton All Saints in the Domesday Book with a combined recorded population of 45. In the 1524 Subsidy Returns, only ten people paid tax at St Peter's parish, compared to 28 in All Saints. In the early 18th century, it was recorded that the only buildings in St Peter's parish were the hall, the church and four or five shepherd's lodges. The two Rushton parishes were united in 1780 and a faculty was granted in 1799 for the demolition of St Peter's church.

References

External links

 East Northamptonshire Council website
 Rushton Triangular Lodge details
 360 degree views of the lodge

Villages in Northamptonshire
Civil parishes in Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire


Cyril Edgar Ayling (October 1910 – 13 November 1993) was a cricketer who played for Argentina and was a member of the South American cricket team that toured England in 1932. He represented Argentina in three first-class matches against Sir Theodore Brinckman's XI in 1937-38, but also played in non-first-class representational matches for Argentina from 1930 to 1959. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Ayling was a middle-to-lower order right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast medium bowler. On the tour of England in 1932, his batting was not very successful in the six first-class matches, and his highest score was only 34. His bowling was better and he took 19 wickets in first-class games, with a best of five for 48 as he and his brother, Dennet Ayling, bowled the South American team to victory over Sir Julien Cahn's side at Nottingham. Outside the first-class games, he scored an unbeaten 95 and took five for 72 against MCC at Lord's; his innings averted the follow-on and his victims included Test player Eddie Dawson and former England captain Pelham Warner.

Against Brinckman's XI in 1937-38, Ayling played alongside Dennet and a third brother, Cecil Ayling. His highest score in three matches came in a rearguard action in the last of the three games, in which all three brothers reached 50 – in Cyril's case, exactly 50. His best bowling, four for 95, also came in this match.

Cyril Ayling continued to play high-level Argentinian cricket past his 50th birthday.

References
 Cyril Ayling at www.cricketarchive.com contains details of first-class and other matches, complete career statistics and scorecards
 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, 1933 edition, page 508-520, reports on the South American tour to England in 1932.

Notes

1910 births
1993 deaths
Argentine cricketers
South Americans cricketers
Cricketers from Buenos Aires
Argentine people of British descent


Lascaux (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in south-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia in 1951. They were the first election to feature political parties, as the Democratic Party and the Muslim Congress Party had been founded earlier in the year.

Results
There were only three elected seats in the Legislative Council at the time.

References

Gambia
Parliamentary elections in the Gambia
Parliamentary
Gambia Colony and Protectorate


is a 1987 action game by Konami for the Family Computer Disk System. It was only released in Japan.

External links
 Game info from Atari HQ

Konami games
1987 video games
Famicom Disk System games
Famicom Disk System-only games
Japan-exclusive video games
Video games based on Hindu mythology
Video games scored by Kiyohiro Sada
Video games set in India
Video games developed in Japan


Mercœur may refer to the following places in France:

Mercœur, Corrèze, a commune in the department of Corrèze
Mercœur, Haute-Loire, a commune in the department of Haute-Loire

Or to the
Duke of Mercœur


Mercœur (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Geography
The Maronne river forms part of the commune's northern boundary.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Emidio Taliani (19 April 1838 – 24 August 1907) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Nuncio to Austria from 1896 to 1903, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1903.

Biography
Emidio Taliani was born in Montegallo, and studied at the University of Rome, from where he obtained his doctorates in theology and in canon and civil law. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 October 1861, and later served as secretary to Cardinal Carlo Sacconi.

After being raised to the rank of Privy Chamberlain supernumerary, Taliani became auditor (16 May 1869) and chargé d'affaires (1870) of the nunciature to Germany. He was made a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness in 1871, and was sent to the nunciature to France, where he served as auditor from 1875 to 1879. Taliani then entered the service of the Roman Curia upon being named a referendary prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature on 17 March 1880. In 1885, he was made protonotary apostolic participant (16 March) and auditor of the Roman Rota (18 May). He later became vicar of the Archpriest of the Lateran Basilica, Cardinal Francesco Satolli, in 1889.

On 22 June 1896, Taliani was appointed Titular Archbishop of Sebastea by Pope Leo XIII, receiving his episcopal consecration on the following 29 June from Cardinal Lucido Parocchi. He was named Nuncio to Austria on 24 July the same year. As Nuncio, he served as both the Pope's representative or ambassador to that country. Taliani was made a

Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary (1903)
Commander 2nd Class of the Order of Albert (Saxony, 1870)
Commander of the Royal Order of Francis I (Naples)
Commander of the Order of Charles III (Spain)
Légion d'honneur (France)

Pope Leo XIII created him a cardinal in the consistory of 22 June 1903, whereupon he ceased to serve as Nuncio. Later that year, Taliani participated in the papal conclave which selected Leo's successor, Pope Pius X. The latter created Taliani as Cardinal-Priest of San Bernardo alle Terme (the pope's former title) since Leo XIII was unable to confer the title before his death.

Cardinal Taliani died in his native Montegallo, at the age of 69. After lying in state in the Cathedral of Ascoli, his body was buried in his family's tomb at the cemetery of Ascoli.

References

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

1838 births
1907 deaths
20th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII
Apostolic Nuncios to Austria
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
People from the Province of Ascoli Piceno


Naves (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in central France.

Geography
Naves's territory is crossed by the rivers Corrèze, Solane, Vigne, Vimbelle, and Céronne.

History
Situated on the crossroad of two importants Roman ways, Naves of Latin Navea (fertile valley), was established in Gallo-Roman period, in this time the village included temples, theater and many other monuments.

Naves is now growing, thanks to the arrival in 2002 of the A89 linking Lyon to Bordeaux. Since 2000, the people pouring into the town which knows a growth rate of 13% over the past ten years. They are mostly active youth mostly working in Tulle.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Lemovices


Evaristo Isasi Colmán (born 26 November 1955) is a former football striker from Paraguay. Isasi was characterized by his phenomenal pace, dribbling and scoring abilities.

Career
He started his career in the youth divisions of his hometown team Club General Artigas of Mariano Roque Alonso. He had brief stints at clubs like Atlético Juventud in 1973 and General Caballero ZC in 1974 before joining Olimpia Asunción where he would spend most of his career and win national and international championships.

Honours

Club
 Olimpia
 Paraguayan Primera División: 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1985, 1988
 Copa Libertadores: 1979
 Intercontinental Cup: 1979
 Copa Interamericana: 1979

National team
 Paraguay
 Copa América: 1979

References
Comunidad decana

1955 births
Living people
Footballers from Asunción
Paraguayan men's footballers
Paraguay men's international footballers
Copa América-winning players
1979 Copa América players
1986 FIFA World Cup players
General Caballero Sport Club footballers
Club Olimpia footballers
Men's association football forwards
Copa Libertadores-winning players


Hinari Access to Research for Health Programme was set up by the World Health Organization and major publishers to enable developing countries to access collections of biomedical and health literature. There are up to 15,000 e-journals and up to 60,000 online books available to health institutions in more than 10 countries. Hinari is part of Research4Life, the collective name for five programs - Hinari (focusing on health), AGORA (focusing on agriculture), OARE (focusing on environment), ARDI (focusing on applied science and technology) and GOALI (focusing on law and justice). Together, Research4Life provides lower income countries with free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online.

The Hinari programme, and the other programmes, were reviewed for the second time in 2010 and the publishers involved have committed to continuing with it until at least 2025. Hinari has received the high honor of the Medical Library Association's 2015 Louise Darling Medal for Collection Development in the Health Sciences.

History
In response to a call by the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and to a statement issued by Gro Harlem Brundtland the then Director General World Health Organization, Hinari was launched in July 2001 with a statement of intent from six major publishers: Blackwell Publishing, Elsevier, the Harcourt, Wolters Kluwer, Springer Science+Business Media, and John Wiley & Sons.  The Hinari name began as an acronym of Health Inter-Network Access to Research Initiative. The use of the full name was later abandoned.  The program opened for use in January 2002 with around 1,500 journals from the initial six publishers. , there are almost 200 publisher partners providing their online publications through Hinari. 3,750 journal titles were accessible via Hinari in 2007. Critiques of Hinari argue that the low-cost model is still too high for many institutions and journals with top impact factors are not included in some countries.

Access
Institutions eligible to access the information are: national universities, professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry), research institutes, teaching hospitals and healthcare centers, government offices, national medical libraries and local non-governmental organizations.

Criteria for countries
The country lists are based on four factors: Total GNI (World Bank figures), GNI per capita (World Bank figures), United Nations Least Developed Country (LDCs) List and Human Development Index (HDI). In 2007 users and members of eligible institutions in 113 countries had access. In 2019, the number of eligible countries, areas and territories stood at more than 120. Some large, emerging countries including India and China are excluded by the program because their total GNI exceeds US$1 trillion.

Related initiatives
TEEAL (The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library)
AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture)
OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment)
ARDI (Access to Research for Development and Innovation)
GOALI (Global Online Access to Legal Information)

References

External links

Research4Life Partnership
institution/country list 2019, as classified by Research4Life

World Health Organization
Academic publishing
International medical and health organizations


Neuvic may refer to the following places in France:

Neuvic, Corrèze, a commune in the department of Corrèze
Neuvic, Dordogne, a commune in the department of Dordogne
Neuvic-Entier, a commune in the department of Haute-Vienne


Neuvic (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Geography
The Triouzoune forms the commune's eastern boundary, then flows into the Dordogne, which forms part of the commune's southern boundary.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze
Limousin


Dianna Fuller Morgan currently serves on the board of directors of Chesapeake Utilities Inc., Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation and Hersha Hospitality Trust. She previously served on the boards of CNL Hotels and Resorts, CNL Bankshares and CNL Healthcare Properties. In addition, she previously served as chair of the board of directors of Orlando Health. Morgan also served as past chair of the national board for the Children's Miracle Network and as chair of the board for the University of Florida Board of Trustees. Morgan retired in 2001 from a long career with the Walt Disney World where she served as Senior Vice President of Public Affairs and Human Resources.

Education
 Dianna Morgan attended the University of Florida, and graduated from Rollins College with a degree in Organizational Communication.

References

External links
Morgan is named Chairman of the UF BOT
Morgan's Official Bio
Morgan shrugs off Machen's endorsement of McCain

Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Florida alumni
Living people
Rollins College alumni


Neuville (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Magon or Magón may refer to:

People

The Flores Magón family of Mexico
Jesús Flores Magón (1871–1930), Mexican politician and journalist, secretary of the interior in 1912
Ricardo Flores Magón (1874–1922), Mexican anarchist of the Revolutionary period
Enrique Flores Magón (1877–1954), Mexican anarchist of the Revolutionary period

The Magonid dynasty of Ancient Carthage
Mago I of Carthage or Magon, 6th century BCE
Mago II of Carthage or Magon, 4th century BCE
Mago III of Carthage or Magon, 4th century BCE

Other people
Mago (general), a Carthaginian general
Magon Barca, the brother of Hannibal Barca
Charles René Magon de Médine (1763–1805), French admiral
Manuel González Zeledón (1864–1936), Costa Rican writer who published under the nom-de-plume "Magón"
Jymn Magon (born 1949), U.S. television/film writer
Magon (musician), (born 1985), an Israeli musician
Rup Magon, Indian-Canadian musician

Places

Named for Ricardo Flores Magón
Metro Ricardo Flores Magón, a station of the Mexico City Metro
Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón, city in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico
Ricardo Flores Magón, Chiapas, in the municipality of Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, Mexico
Ricardo Flores Magón, Chihuahua, a city in the area code for Chihuahua, Mexico
Ricardo Flores Magón, Durango, in the Canatlán Municipality, Mexico

Other places
Cair Magon (Latin: Magnae), the Sub-Roman citadel at Kenchester, Herefordshire, England
Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, Mexico, named for Enrique Flores Magón

Other uses
Several Tunisian wines named after Mago, the Carthaginian agricultural writer
Magón National Prize for Culture (named for Manuel González Zeledón), given by the government of Costa Rica
Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (CIPO-RFM)

See also
Mago (disambiguation)
Magonism, an anarchist school of thought based on the ideas of Ricardo Flores Magón


P.T.O. (Pacific Theater of Operations), released as  in Japan, is a console strategy video game released by Koei. It was originally released for the PC-9801 in 1989 and had been ported to various platforms, such as the X68000, FM Towns, PC-8801 (1990), MSX2 (1991), Sega Genesis and the Super NES (all three in 1992). Players could assume one side of the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II, acting as naval commander, organizing fleets, building new ships, appropriating supplies and fuel, and even engaging in diplomacy with other countries. The player can choose one of several World War Two battles to simulate, or could control the entire Pacific campaign well before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

A sequel, P.T.O. II, was released by Koei in 1993. Teitoku no Ketsudan III was never released outside Japan, but a P.T.O. IV was released for the PlayStation 2 in the US and Europe.

Gameplay

Scenarios
Players must choose one of nine scenarios when starting a game. The first scenario (Negotiations Breakdown) is a long-term campaign, where the player must win the war from mid-1941 before the war is declared. Victory can only be obtained by controlling all ports or eliminating all enemy ships. The other scenarios begin in the midst of a certain major Pacific conflict, where the goal is to capture or defend a certain port or sink or protect a number of enemy ships. If a scenario's goal is achieved, the player can continue with the full campaign.

Naval powers
The player has the option of playing as one of the two major World War II Pacific maritime powers: the United States for the Allies, or Japan for the Axis. Other countries begin as allies of the two nations as they were at whatever point in the war gameplay begins; over time, non-allied nations can be convinced to ally with your side after significant gifts and diplomacy. Nations can also break alliances with poor diplomacy, which can lead to the departure of ships loaned from their navy. For instance, if the United Kingdom breaks off from the Allied forces, the US will lose all British ships from their fleet, such as the Hermes.

Other countries will behave as they did historically; for example, Italy will cease being a member of the Axis in 1943, due to Allied invasion. The countries available as allies are:
 Germany
 Italy
 England
 France
 Holland
 China
 Australia
 Thailand
 India
 Sweden
 Switzerland
 USSR
 Brazil

Territory
Each power starts out with control over a number of Pacific bases depending on when the scenario begins. The focus of the long-term campaign is to capture enemy territories while defending one's own, reducing the number of ports under enemy control to zero. Territories produce fuel and materials for the power that controls them; fuel refers to both oil for ships, and supplies for soldiers. Materials refer to all ores and metals and can be used for base repair, ship repair, and construction of new warships. Money is used to fund construction of aircraft and transports, and fund improvement in technologies. Capturing territories thus increases the resources available to a player while denying their use to the enemy.

Each power has one home port, to which newly manufactured ships and aircraft are stationed upon completion. During the turn, aircraft, fuel, and materials can be assigned to any base; however, depending on the safety and distance of the trade route, some resources may not arrive. Certain ports are capable of 'Urgent Repair', meaning they can affect some small repairs to ships docked there.  As not all ports have this capability, control of these key regions is crucial in order to maintain the fighting capabilities of one's fleet at sea with less turnaround time for ship repair when ships are damaged in combat.

Ships
P.T.O. faithfully recreates many of the actual battleships available in the Pacific during the war, and displays a ship icon relative to that ships. Ships are given several attributes: Fortitude, Speed, Anti-air capability, and Anti-ship capability. Ships can also be fitted with radar (search and gunnery), rockets or scouts, and marines for a land invasion. Ships are also given an overall 'Luck' rating from 1 to 99; ships that survived many conflicts in history, like the Enterprise, have a Luck rating of 99.

There are several types of warship available: dreadnought battleships, battleships, cruisers, fleet aircraft carriers, light carriers, destroyers, and submarines. Each power starts out with a certain number of ships of each type, and a number of ships under construction, usually launching around their historical commission date. Additional ships can be constructed, but only to replace ships previously lost in battle, either by the player or prior to the scenario's start date. Ship construction can be scheduled for 6–24 months out; the closer the launch date, the more industrial power will be expended during construction. Materials are consumed as well, dependent on the type of hull being built, and the ship ratings are chosen during design. The ship class chosen during construction is cosmetic only; it does not affect actual ship limitations or attributes like the actual hull type does.

Ships are organized into fleets, which can comprise up to 16 ships. Up to 16 fleets can be arranged from inactive ships at the home port. Only one fleet from each side can engage in a battle at any one time, so fleets must attack an enemy in succession rather than at once.  Fleets have a rating for Morale and Fatigue, between 0 and 99; morale goes up after victories or during shore leave, and down during defeats or when a flagship is lost. It can also be raised by an emergency banquet at sea. Fatigue goes up after every battle, and when the crew is infected by the plague.

Ships also have individual levels of crew experience; this value starts high for the Japanese, and low for the US. Experience levels gradually increase through combat, or by conducting training drills.

Another type of ship that can be constructed is transports. These are used for carrying additional fuel to extend fleet range, and for transporting resources from territories to home ports.

Additional, non-controlled shipping fleets are constantly active in the game, though not displayed on the tactical maps. Transport fleets supplying bases can be protected by unlisted destroyers and cruisers, but will not engage an enemy fleet.

Aircraft
The following types of aircraft are immediately available: fighters, bombers, and scouts. Later in the game, when technology levels have advanced, jet fighters and long-range bombers become available. Aircraft carriers can be fitted to allow jets once the technology levels are sufficient; the modified carrier will only carry jet fighters and not normal fighters. Long-range bombers can only be launched from land bases.

Aircraft can be deployed to bases or to aircraft carriers, although some ship types allow scouts to be launched via catapult. Aircraft placed at bases take a defensive role against attacking fleet(s) or aircraft and are used to scout for enemy fleets during the day. After enemy fleets are found, the land-based aircraft will then sortie to attack.

Commanders
Each naval fleet begins with a certain number of fictional fleet commanders, depending on the scenario chosen. These commanders can be placed in command of any of the 16 fleets the player arranges. The player creates the commanders with a set of rolled scores in certain attributes – Air command ability, Sea command ability, Bravery, and overall War ability. Scores range from 01 to 99, and the total between the four scores is 102. Air and Sea abilities affect the actual combat performance of ships and planes under that commander's control. Bravery affects the commander's decision making when the fleet is under AI control. War is an overall rating, which is useful when it comes to convincing the Army and other military officials to agree with your submissions for objectives, budgeting, and industrial production.

Soundtrack

The music was composed by longtime anime musician Hiroshi Miyagawa, who wrote a completely orchestral score. The soundtrack was recorded with the Tokyo City Philharmonic Orchestra featuring soprano voice of Kazuko Kawashima among July 18-August 4, 1989. An album CD titled Teitoku no Ketsudan was published by KOEI Sound Ware and distributed by Polydor K.K. on September 5. The disc covers a total duration of 41:01 with 8 tracks, the first half dedicated to the orchestral suite in four movements.

This soundtrack has the honor of being the first in-game orchestral score for a video game in history, a milestone achieved in April 1990 when it was released on CD-ROM for FM Towns. In fact, the previous version released for PC-88 already used the Teitoku no Ketsudan album synchronized with the game taking advantage of Sound Ware system made up by KOEI.

Track listing

Reception
Computer Gaming World in 1993 approved of the Genesis version of P.T.O. as suitable for "the core group of strategy wargamers who normally do not play videogames". While criticizing the "inadequate" documentation, it reported that the game's randomized campaigns provided "200-300 hours of play time—more than can be had from any other comparatively priced cartridge". The magazine favorably concluded that "P.T.O. establishes a new trend in video gaming".

References

External links
GameSpot P.T.O. page
MobyGames P.T.O. page
IGN Game Guide and Walkthrough
Koei P.T.O. and other games Community Forum

1989 video games
Koei games
Koei Tecmo franchises
Video games set in China
FM Towns games
MSX2 games
NEC PC-8801 games
NEC PC-9801 games
Sega Genesis games
X68000 games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Video games developed in Japan
World War II video games
Video games set in the Soviet Union
Video games set in Japan
Video games set in the 1940s
Video games set in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Naval video games


Noailles (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Geography

Location
The commune, part of the urban area of Brive-la-Gaillarde, is located in the lower south of the Correze department, south of the Brive Basin, north of Causse de Martel. The location of the A20 autoroute nearby gives direct access to Brive 8 km away, via the Exit 52 interchange.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Roy Clifford Chapman (18 March 1934 – 21 March 1983) was an English professional football player and manager. He was the father of former Arsenal and Leeds United striker Lee Chapman.

An inside-forward, he started his career at Aston Villa in 1952, before he moved on to Lincoln City five years later to find first team football. In 1961 he was sold to Mansfield Town, where he remained for the next four years, before he returned to Lincoln as the club's player-manager in 1965. He gave up his management duties the following year, before moving on to Port Vale in 1967. In all he scored 200 goals in 415 games in the Football League.

In 1969, he joined Stafford Rangers via Chester. He was also given the management job at Rangers, and held this position until 1975, at which point he was made manager of Stockport County. His reign at Stockport was brief, and he became a coach before returning to Stafford for a second spell as manager in 1977, before he left for a second time in 1980. As Stafford manager he led the club to a Northern Premier League, FA Trophy, and Staffordshire Senior Cup treble in 1972; as well as another Staffs Cup victory in 1973 and another FA Trophy success in 1979.

Playing career
Chapman began his professional playing career with Aston Villa in February 1952, having initially joined the club from Kynocks Works as an amateur three months earlier. He made 19 appearances for the "Villans" in the First Division. He spent 1955 to 1957 in the Royal Air Force. Finding his first team opportunities limited at Villa Park, manager Eric Houghton allowed him to leave for Bill Anderson's Lincoln City in November 1957. The "Imps" narrowly avoided relegation out of the Second Division in 1957–58, finishing one place and one point above relegated Notts County. He finished as the club's top scorer in 1958–59 with 15 goals, as Lincoln avoided relegation despite achieving a lower points tally than in the previous campaign. They rose up the table to 13th in 1959–60, but were relegated in last place in 1960–61, despite Chapman becoming top-scorer again with 16 goals. He then departed Sincil Bank on a £7,000 move to Mansfield Town.

The "Stags" finished 14th in the Fourth Division in 1961–62 under Raich Carter's stewardship, before Chapman and strike partner Ken Wagstaff fired the club to promotion in 1962–63. Mansfield took to life in the Third Division well under new boss Tommy Cummings, and posted a seventh-place finish in 1963–64, before missing out on promotion in 1964–65 due to their inferior goal average.

Chapman left Field Mill and returned to Lincoln as player-manager in March 1965, who were by now seeking re-election to the Fourth Division. In August 1965 he came on as a substitute, replacing Bunny Larkin; this was the first substitution in the club's history. Lincoln finished 22nd in 1965–66, and once again had to apply for re-election. In October 1966 he reverted to solely a playing capacity as Ron Gray was appointed as manager. He scored 21 goals in 1966–67 to become the club's top-scorer, but despite his scoring efforts the "Imps" still finished bottom of the Football League.

In June 1967, he joined Port Vale in a playing capacity, on a wage of £35 a week. He was ever-present in the 1967–68 season, finishing as the club's top scorer with 25 goals in 49 games; he was also the division's joint top-scorer, along with Halifax Town's Les Massie. In the summer manager Stanley Matthews resigned, and Gordon Lee took charge at Vale Park. Despite suffering from sciatica, Chapman scored 12 goals in 34 games in the next season to once again become the top marksman.

His final playing club in the Football League was Ken Roberts's Chester, who he joined in May 1969. He struck five goals in four pre-season friendly matches, and then followed it up with two goals on his league debut at Scunthorpe United to take his career tally to 200. However just one more league goal followed in his next eight league games and Chapman moved on to Southern League Premier Division side Nuneaton Borough for a fee of £1,500, as part of manager Dudley Kernick's £10,000 spending spree. He scored 27 minutes into his first game for the club, a friendly with a Crystal Palace XI. He left Nuneaton at the end of the 1969–70 season to join Stafford Rangers as player-manager.

Style of play
A two footed player, he was aggressive and had ball control skills, but lacked pace.

Managerial career
Chapman steered Stafford Rangers to a treble of the FA Trophy, Northern Premier League and Staffordshire Senior Cup in 1972. Rangers topped the league with 71 points, and beat Barnet 3–0 at Wembley in the Trophy final. This was followed up by him leading Rangers to the FA Cup fourth round three years later. He then returned to professional circles with a short spell as Stockport County manager, where he signed George Best on a short-term deal. His reign at Stockport was short and he returned to Port Vale as a coach in August 1976, before being sacked in May 1977 and returning to Stafford.

In his second spell in charge of Rangers he led them to another FA Trophy triumph (this time a 2–0 victory over Kettering Town) before standing down in 1980.

Later life and death
After leaving Rangers he took up the position as manager of Walsall Sports Company.

He died in Stoke-on-Trent, three days after his 49th birthday. He had suffered a fatal heart attack, when playing in a five-a-side tournament.

Career statistics

Playing statistics
Source:

A.  The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the League Cup, Football League Trophy, English Football League play-offs, Full Members' Cup, Southern League Cup, Birmingham Senior Cup, Midland Floodlit Cup, President's Cup and Camkin Cup.

Managerial statistics
Source:

Honours

As a player
Mansfield Town
Football League Fourth Division fourth-place promotion: 1962–63

As a manager
Stafford Rangers
Northern Premier League: 1971–72
FA Trophy: 1972, 1979
Staffordshire Senior Cup: 1972, 1973

References

1934 births
1983 deaths
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
English Football League players
Northern Premier League players
Men's association football player-managers
English football managers
Lincoln City F.C. managers
Stafford Rangers F.C. managers
Stockport County F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Northern Premier League managers
Association football coaches
Port Vale F.C. non-playing staff


Saint Gaudiosus (died c. 540) was the Bishop of Tarazona (Turiasso), Spain.

Life
The information concerning the life of this bishop is scant, and rests on comparatively late sources. On the occasion of the translation of his remains in 1573, a sketch of his life was discovered in the grave, written on parchment; apart from the Breviary lessons of the Cathedral of Tarazona, this document contains the only extant written details concerning the life of Gaudiosus.

His father, Guntha, was a military official (spatharius) at the court of the Visigothic King Theodoric the Great from 510 to 525. The education of the boy was entrusted to St. Victorianus, abbot of a monastery near Burgos (Oca), who trained him for the service of the Church.

Later (c. 530) he was appointed Bishop of Tarazona. Nothing more is known of his activities. Even the year of his death has not been exactly determined. After his death he was venerated as a saint. According to the manuscript life found in his grave he died on 29 October, but the Church of Tarazona celebrates his feast on 3 November. He was first entombed in the church of St. Martin (dedicated later to St. Victorianus), attached to the monastery where he had spent his youthful years.

In 1573 his remains were disinterred and translated to the cathedral of Tarazona.

See also
 Gaudiosus of Naples
 Tarazona, the capital of this Aragonese comarca
 Tarazona y el Moncayo, the Aragonese comarca
 Roman sites in Spain category
 Tarazona Cathedral
 Moncayo Massif Redirected from Moncayo)
 el Moncayo (mountain range, sierra, mountain chain; and the peak, the summit). Sistema Ibérico (Iberian System)
 Mountain ranges of the Sistema Ibérico, template
 Two-thousanders of Spain category, ie. both at the Moncayo article
 Moncayo (disambiguation)

References
 cites:
 Acta SS., I, Nov., 664-65
 De la Fuente, La Santa Iglesia de Tarazona en sus Estados Antiguos y Modernos (Madrid, 1865).

Medieval Spanish saints
6th-century bishops in the Visigothic Kingdom
540 deaths
6th-century Christian saints
Bishops of Tarazona
People from Cinco Villas, Aragon
Year of birth unknown


Peyrelevade (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Demographics

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Pierrefitte (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Emanuele Paternò, 9th Marquess of Sessa was an Italian chemist and is credited with the discovery of the Paternò–Büchi reaction.

Biography
He was born in Palermo in 1847 as the Marquess of Sessa, in a branch of the House of Paternò. He studied at the University of Palermo with Stanislao Cannizzaro.

Scientific career
In 1871 he became a lecturer at the University of Torino, but returned to Palermo the following year as Cannizzaro's successor.
In 1892 he became a professor at the University of Rome. His main area of research was photochemistry, and discovered the Paternò–Büchi reaction in 1909. The reaction was improved by George Büchi, its other namesake, in 1954.

Political career
Paternò was politically active. He served as the Mayor of Palermo (1890–1892), and in 1890 he was appointed by King Victor Emmanuel III a member of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. He was later elected vice president (1904-1919) of the Italian upper house.

References

1847 births
1935 deaths
Italian chemists
University of Palermo alumni
Mayors of Palermo
Scientists from Palermo


The Hand-Held Maneuvering Unit (HHMU), also known as the maneuvering gun, or informally as "the zip gun", was the first astronaut propulsion unit. It was first used by astronaut Ed White during the first American "spacewalk" (extra-vehicular activity, EVA), on Gemini 4, June 3, 1965. Different models of HHMU were present on Gemini 4, 8, 10, and 11, but were only used on Gemini 4 and 10. It was also used aboard Skylab.

Utility and design
Astronauts described the gun as easier to use than other methods of maneuvering during space-walking. It provided an impulse to send the space-walker away from and back to the spacecraft, and was the easiest way for them to control their motions in the microgravity environment. The device received its propellant from tanks on the device and used pressurized oxygen to control and propel the astronaut via conservation of momentum.

History

Gemini 4
Ed White enjoyed using the gun and found it useful, but quickly ran out of propellant, forcing him to pull on his tether to continue maneuvers. However, fellow crewman James McDivitt recalled the gun as being "hopeless" and "utterly useless" as it required precise aim through the user's center of mass in order to translate in a straight line without inducing unwanted rotation.

Gemini 8
The device carried on Gemini 8 (March 16–17, 1966) received its Freon 14 propellant from a tank to be carried on the astronaut's back. Astronaut David Scott never got a chance to use it, because the mission had to be terminated before his EVA due to a critical thruster problem.

Gemini 10
The Gemini 10 device used by Michael Collins received its nitrogen gas propellant from inside the spacecraft, through a hose bundled with the astronaut's umbilical connector. Collins successfully used it to move back and forth between the Gemini and the Agena Target Vehicle.

Gemini 11
Richard Gordon did not get to use his HHMU on Gemini 11, because his EVA had to be cut short when he became fatigued.

References

External links
 Suited for spacewalking - NASA

Spaceflight technology
Project Gemini
Extravehicular activity
1965 in spaceflight
1965 introductions
1965 in technology
Projects established in 1965


Excitation function ( yield curve) is a term used in nuclear physics to describe a graphical plot of the yield of a radionuclide or reaction channel as a function of the bombarding projectile energy or the calculated excitation energy of the compound nucleus. The yield is the measured intensity of a particular transition.

The excitation function typically resembles a Gaussian bell curve and is mathematically described by a Breit–Wigner function, owing to the resonant nature of the production of the compound nucleus. The energy value at the maximum yield on the excitation curve corresponds to the energy of the resonance. The energy interval between 25% and 75% of the maximum yield on the excitation curve are equivalent to the resonance width.

A nuclear reaction should be described by a complete study of the exit channel (1n,2n,3n etc.) excitation functions in order to allow a determination of the optimum energy to be used to maximize the yield.

See also

 Resonant reaction

References

Nuclear physics


Pradines may refer to:

Maurice Pradines, a French philosopher
places in France:
Pradines, Corrèze, a commune in the department of Corrèze
Pradines, Loire, a commune in the department of Loire
Pradines, Lot, a commune in the department of Lot


Pradines (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Collection Gold is a compilation album by Cock Robin, issued by the European branch of Sony Music in 1990. It contained 14 tracks, including several remixes and songs which were not available on Cock Robin's official studio albums. It was released on the CBS label, one of the last releases before CBS changed into Sony Music/Columbia. Its catalogue number is 467626 2.

The album
Collection Gold was released by the CBS Special Marketing label, as part of a French series of midprice compilation CDs from CBS artists.
The midprice CD was issued in France in 1990, but the album was also available in other countries. Although other (and more complete) compilations by Cock Robin have been released, this became a fan favourite for its inclusion of rare remixes, live tracks and b-sides, which are not available on any other album.

The album was re-issued internationally in 1998 by Sony Music, with a new cover and its slightly changed title Gold Collection.

Both versions are currently out of print, but other compilation albums by Cock Robin remain available.

Track listing

 "The Promise You Made" (1985 12" Extended Version)
 "Thought You Were on My Side" (1985 12" Extended Version)
 "Have You Any Sympathy?" (B-Side 'The Promise You Made')
 "Peace on Earth" (B-Side of 'Thought You Were On My Side' and 'When Your Heart is Weak')
 "Because It Keeps on Working"
 "Blood of a Saint" (B-Side of 'The Biggest Fool of All')
 "When Your Heart Is Weak" (12" Dance Mix) (According to the track listing this is a 'dance remix', but it's simply the album version)
 "The Biggest Fool of All" (Dance Remix)
 "El Norte" (Reinforced Dance Mix)
 "We've Changed" (B-Side of 'Worlds Apart', 'Straighter Line', & 'Manzanar')
 "Open Book" (Demo from 1983, also a B-Side of 'Just Around the Corner')
 "Don't Think Twice, It's Alright" (Live)
 "For Dear Life" (B-Side of 'El Norte')
 "Just Around the Corner" (Single Mix)

Cock Robin (band) compilation albums
1990 compilation albums
CBS Records compilation albums


Paul Zeeuwts (b. Anderlecht 9 May 1948, d. Brussels 17 March 2009) was President of the Flemish Institute for the promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology from 1991 until his death in 2009. He was Chief of staff for the Belgian science policy from May 1988 until July 1991.

Sources
 IWT
 Meer geld voor knappe koppen
 IWT-directievoorzitter Paul Zeeuwts plots overleden
 IWT-directievoorzitter Paul Zeeuwts plots overleden

1948 births
2009 deaths
Flemish scientists
People from Anderlecht


Saillac may refer to the following places in France:

Saillac, Corrèze, a commune in the department of Corrèze
Saillac, Lot, a commune in the department of Lot


Saillac (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf may refer to the following places in France:

Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf, Corrèze, a commune in the department of Corrèze
Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf, Creuse, a commune in the department of Creuse


In cribbage, the probability and maximum and minimum score of each type of hand can be computed.

Distinct hands
 There are 12,994,800 possible hands in Cribbage: 52 choose 4 for the hand, and any one of the 48 left as the starter card.

Another, and perhaps more intuitive way of looking at it, is to say that there are 52 choose 5 different 5-card hands, and any one of those 5 could be the turn-up, or starter card. Therefore, the calculation becomes:

 1,009,008 (approximately 7.8%) of these score zero points, or 1,022,208 if the hand is the crib, as the starter must be the same suit as the crib's four cards for a flush.
 Not accounting for suit, there are 14,715 unique hands.

Maximum scores
 The highest score for one hand is 29: 555J in hand with the starter 5 of the same suit as the Jack (8 points for four J-5 combinations, 8 points for four 5-5-5 combinations, 12 points for pairs of 5s and one for the nob).  There is also the “Dealer’s 30”, (28 for 5-5-5-5 in the hand and a Jack as the starter. The dealer would take 2 for cutting the Jack…to make 30.)
 The second highest score is 28 (hand and starter together comprise any ten-point card plus all four 5s, apart from the 29-point hand above).
 The third highest score is 24 (A7777, 33339, 36666, 44447, 44556, 44566, 45566, 67788 or 77889); 24 is the maximum score for any card combination without a 2 or a ten-card, except for the above examples with four 5s.
 The maximum score for any hand containing a 2 is 20; either 22229 or 26778 if the latter is a four-card flush.
 The highest score as a dealer from the hand and crib is 53. The starter must be a 5, the hand must be J555, with the Jack suit matching the starter (score 29), and the crib must be 4466 (score 24), or vice versa.
 The highest number of points possible (excluding pegging points) in one round is 77. The dealer must score 53, the opponent must then have the other 4466 making another 24 point hand for a total of 77.
 The highest number of points from a hand that has a potential to be a "19 hand" is 15. It is a crib hand of one suit, 46J and another ten card, with a 5 of that suit cut up. The points are 15 for 6, a run for 9, nobs for 10, and a flush for 15. Any of the following cards in an unlike suit yields a "19 hand"; 2,3,7,8,and an unpaired ten card.
 The most points that can be pegged by playing one card is 15, by completing a double pair royal on the last card and making the count 15: 12 for double pair royal (four-of-a-kind), 2 for the 15, and 1 for the last card. This can happen in two ways in a two-player game. The non-dealer must have two ten-value cards and two 2s, and the dealer must have one ten-value card and 722, in which case the play must go: 10-10-10-go; 7-2-2-2-2. For example:

Alternatively, the players can each have two deuces, with one also holding A-4 and the other two aces. Then play might go 4-A-A-A-2-2-2-2.
The maximum number of points that can be scored in a single deal by the dealer in a two player game is 78 (pegging + hand + crib):Non-dealer is dealt 3 3 4 4 5 J and Dealer is dealt 3 3 4 4 5 5. Non-dealer discards J 5 to the crib (as ill-advised as this may be). Dealer discards 5 5 to the crib. Note that the J is suited to the remaining 5. The remaining 5 is cut.Play is 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 go. The dealer scores 29 total peg points.The dealer's hand is 3 3 4 4 5 = 20The dealer's crib is J(nobs) 5 5 5 5 = 29The total score for the dealer is 29 + 20 + 29 = 78.Note that the correct play for both players is to keep 3 3 4 5 worth 10 points and discarding J 4 and 4 5 to the crib respectively, meaning in reality, this hand would never take place. A more realistic hand would be both players being dealt 3 3 4 4 J J with both discarding J J and a 5 cut. In this case, with pegging as described above, the total score would be 20 (hand) + 21 (crib) + 29 (pegging) = 70 points.
The maximum number of points that can be scored in a single deal by the non-dealer in a two player game is 48 (pegging + hand), with the following example :Non-dealer is dealt 5 5 4 4 crib crib and Dealer is dealt 4 4 5 9 crib crib. Cut card is a 6. Play is 5 5 5 4 4 4 4, with the Non-dealer pegging 24. The Non-dealer scores 24 in the hand for a total of 48 points.
The maximum number of points that can be scored with a four-card flush is 21, which is achieved with a hand of 5 5 10 J Q or 5 5 J Q K: a pair, six fifteens, a three-card sequence, and the flush. A five-card flush of 5 10 J Q K scores 18 if the Jack is not the starter.

Minimum scores
 The dealer in two-player, 6-card cribbage will always peg at least one point during the play (the pegging round), unless the opponent wins the game before the pegging is finished. If non-dealer is able to play at each turn then dealer must score at least one for "last"; if not, then dealer scores at least one for "go".
 While 19 is generally recognized as "the impossible hand", meaning that there is no combination of 5 cards that will produce a score of 19 points, scores of 25, 26, 27, and greater than 29 are also impossible in-hand point totals. Sometimes if a player scores 0 points in their hand they will claim they have a "19-point hand."

Minimum while holding a 5
If a player holds a 5 in their hand, that player is guaranteed at least two points, as shown below:

A 0-point hand must have five distinct cards without forming a run or a fifteen combination. If such a hand includes a 5, it cannot hold a 10 or a face card. It also cannot include both an A and a 9; both a 2 and an 8; both a 3 and a 7; or both a 4 and a 6. Since four more cards are needed, exactly one must be taken from each of those sets. Let us run through the possible choices:
If the hand includes a 9, it cannot hold a 6, so it must hold a 4. Having both a 4 and a 9, it cannot hold a 2, so it must hold an 8. Holding both a 4 and an 8, it cannot hold a 3, so it must hold a 7. But now the hand includes a 7-8 fifteen, which is a contradiction.
Therefore, the hand must include an A.
 If the hand includes a 7, it now cannot contain an 8, as that would form a 7-8 fifteen. However it cannot hold a 2, as that would form a 7-5-2-A fifteen. This is a contradiction.
 Therefore, the hand must include a 3. Either a 2 or a 4 would complete a run, so the hand must therefore include a 6 and an 8. But this now forms an 8-6-A fifteen, which is a contradiction.

Therefore, every set of five cards including a 5 has a pair, a run, or a fifteen, and thus at least two points.

Interestingly, a hand with two 5s also can score at least two points; an example is 2 5 5 7 9, which would be most likely a crib hand, and would not score a flush because of the pair, although said hand can be a non-crib four-card flush if either 5 is the starter. A hand with three 5s scores at least eight points; a hand with all four 5s scores 20 points and is improved only with a 10, J, Q, or K (scoring 28 except for the 29 hand previously described.)

It is also true that holding both a 2 and a 3, or an A and a 4 (pairs of cards adding up to five) also guarantees a non-zero score:

If a hand includes both a 2 and a 3 and is to score 0 points, it cannot have a face card, an A, a 4, or a 5. This requires three cards from the 6, 7, 8, and 9, and any such selection will include a fifteen.
If a hand includes both an A and a 4 and is to score 0 points, it cannot have a face card or a 5. It also cannot have both a 2 and a 3; both a 6 and a 9; or both a 7 and an 8. If the hand includes a 2, it cannot have a 9 (9-4-2 fifteen). Thus it must have a 6. It then cannot have an 8 (8-4-2-A fifteen) or a 7 (7-6-2 fifteen). If, however, the hand includes a 3, it cannot include an 8 (8-4-3 fifteen) or a 7 (7-4-3-A fifteen). These are all contradictions, so every hand containing both an A and a 4 scores at least two points.

Odds
 The table below assumes the card(s) discarded to the crib are randomly chosen.  Given this assumption, the odds of getting a 28 hand in a two-player game are about 1 in 170984, and a perfect 29 hand 1 in 3,248,700.

 However, if we assume that the player will always keep J555 if those cards are included in the hand, the odds of getting a perfect 29 hand starting with a six-card hand are 1 in 216,580, while the odds after discarding from a five-card hand are 1 in 649,740.

Scoring Breakdown, assuming random discard(s) to the crib

 Mean = 4.7692
 Standard deviation = 3.1254
 Skewness = 0.9039
 Excess kurtosis = 1.4599

Note that these statistics do not reflect frequency of occurrence in 5 or 6-card play. For 6-card play the mean for non-dealer is 7.8580 with standard deviation 3.7996, and for dealer is 7.7981 and 3.9082 respectively.  The means are higher because the player can choose those four cards that maximize their point holdings.  For 5-card play the mean is about 5.4.

Slightly different scoring rules apply in the crib - only 5-point flushes are counted, in other words you need to flush all cards including the turn-up and not just the cards in the crib. Because of this, a slightly different distribution is observed:

Scoring Breakdown (crib/box hands only)

 Mean = 4.7348

As above, these statistics do not reflect the true distributions in 5 or 6 card play, since both the dealer and non-dealer will discard tactically in order to maximise or minimise the possible score in the crib/box.

Card combinations
 A hand of four aces (AAAA) is the only combination of cards wherein no flip card will add points to its score.
 There are 71 distinct combinations of card values that add to 15:

Hand plus Crib statistics
If both the hand and the crib are considered as a sum (and both are drawn at random, rather than formed with strategy as is realistic in an actual game setting) there are 2,317,817,502,000 (2.3 trillion) 9-card combinations.

 As stated above, the highest score a dealer can get with both hand and crib considered is 53.
 The only point total between 0 and 53 that is not possible is 51.

Scoring Breakdown

 Mean: 9.50397
 Median: 9
 Mode: 8

See also

Cribbage (rules)

References

Cribbage
Gambling mathematics


Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf (; ) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


Imaginotions; Truthless Tales is a collection of nineteen children's fantasy stories by Tudor Jenks. It was first published in hardcover by The Century Co. in 1894; the first British edition was published by T. Fisher Unwin in 1900. Illustrators included Reginald B. Birch, W. H. Drake, E. B. Bensell, Dan Beard, and Oliver Herford. The stories had previously been published in St. Nicholas Magazine between 1883 and 1894.

The collection was the author's second published book. The stories are typical of Jenks' early work, many being told in the first person and with an air of gentle irony.

Contents

External links
 Internet Archive e-text of the collection

1894 short story collections
American short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Children's short story collections
American children's books
American fantasy
Works originally published in children's magazines
1890s children's books
The Century Company books


The Camp Bird Mine is a famous and highly productive old gold mine located between Ouray and Telluride, Colorado.  The mine is within the Sneffels-Red Mountain-Telluride mining district in the San Juan Mountains.

It was discovered by Thomas F. Walsh in 1896, and is (or was) owned by the Federal Resources Corp. The mine produced about 1.5 million troy ounces of gold, and 4 million troy ounces of silver, from 1896 to 1990. At 2009 prices, Camp Bird's production would be worth over US$1.5 billion. Walsh sold the property for US$5.2 million in 1902. Walsh's daughter, Evalyn Walsh McLean, later purchased the Hope Diamond. Walsh died in 1909. His daughter Evalyn Walsh McLean devotes several chapters to the mine in her autobiography "Father Struck It Rich".

Camp Bird is named after the "Camp Birds", probably Gray Jays, that ate many a miner's lunch. Western Colorado native David Lavender related his experiences working at the Camp Bird Mine in the 1930s in his classic memoir One Man's West.

C.W. McCall sang "Way out in Colorado, in the Camp Bird Mine, down deep in the darkness, on level nine..."  The song moved the mine's founding to 1892 to make the rhyme work and added a ghost.

The Camp Bird Mine filed for a permit to resume mining in late 2007, but remains inactive as of August 2008. In 2012, the mine received permits to rehabilitate existing mine workings.

In August 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of Colorado signed an Administrative Order on Consent with Caldera Mineral Resources, which purchased the property out of bankruptcy. The Order specifies on-site erosion control "to prevent the downstream migration of contaminated soil", with work to be accomplished in two phases. Phase 1, the EPA’s Time-Critical Removal Action, was started in August 2017, and was scheduled for completion in October 2018.

See also
Yankee Boy Basin

Notes

External links
Ghosttowns.com: Camp Bird ghost town — with photo gallery.

Gold mines in Colorado
Colorado Mining Boom
Buildings and structures in Ouray County, Colorado
San Juan Mountains (Colorado)
1896 establishments in Colorado


Saint-Paul (; Limousin: Sent Pau) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Corrèze department

References

Communes of Corrèze


The Economy of Sound is the fifth studio album by American post-grunge band Seven Mary Three.  It was released on , 2001, on Mammoth Records.  The album peaked at #178 on the Billboard 200 on June 23, 2001.

The album's Billboard-charting singles were "Wait" (#7 on Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks and #21 on Hot Modern Rock Tracks) and "Sleepwalking" (#39 on Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks).

Critical reception
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music wrote that the album "jettisoned the vestiges of the band's grunge sound in favour of crowd pleasing hard rock."

Track listing
All songs written by Jason Ross, except where noted.

Album credits
 Jason Ross – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 Thomas Juliano – lead guitar, backing vocals
 Casey Daniel – bass
 Giti Khalsa - drums
 Kevin McKendree – keyboards
 Eric Gardner – percussion

Production
Producers: Jason Ross, Tom Morris, and Neal Avron
Engineering: Tom Morris with Matt Martone
Mixing: Neal Avron, except Tracks 1 and 2 mixed by Chris Lord-Alge
Mastering: Bob Ludwig
Art Direction: Lane Wurster
Graphic Design: Chris Eselgroth
Photography: Christian Lantry

References

2001 albums
Seven Mary Three albums
Albums produced by Neal Avron
Albums recorded at Morrisound Recording