Cal Nichols  (born April 25, 1942) is a Canadian businessman who spearheaded the group which would later become the Edmonton Investors Group (EIG) which owned the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers.

Biography
Born in Paradise Hill, Saskatchewan, Nichols started his business career in 1962 as a 19 year old when his father cosigned papers for him to take over a rundown St Walburg, Saskatchewan Esso station. He worked hard to win the custom of the local farmers and also became involved in the local community playing sport and being elected as a Councillor at 23. He married Edna, a St Walburg girl and after 7 years in 1969, they moved to Edmonton.

Over the next thirteen years he pursued various business and career opportunities. He was the commission bulk agent for Esso in Edmonton from 1972 through 1981, and served as Chairman of the Esso Agents Prairie Region Advisory Board. During his tenure, this became the largest Esso Agency in Canada. In 1983, anticipating the de-regulation of the crude oil and natural gas markets, Nichols and two associates founded Northridge Canada Inc. which became Canada's largest privately held crude oil and natural gas trading company. Northridge was ultimately sold to TransCanada Pipelines. In 1985, he created Gasland Oil, with its head office in Edmonton. Gasland grew to have over 50 branded petroleum outlets in Western Canada, many with convenience stores and other customer facilities. He sold substantially all of Gasland's petroleum marketing business in 1996 to Husky Energy, but retained Gasland Properties Ltd., he has therefore shifted his focus to developing that company's various holdings.   it owned 16 retail properties in Alberta, including gas stations, liquor stores, and cannabis shops.

In May 2002, he was inducted into the Alberta Business Hall of Fame.  He was awarded the Queens Golden Julnilee Medal   created in 2002 to commemorate the 50th anniversary to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II to the throne and awarded to persons who had made outstanding contributions to both their own community and to Canada.

In 2014, he was named to the Order of Canada which was established in 1967 to acknowledge citizens who have "...outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to the nation."  He was appointed a Member (C.M.)

Nicols summed up his own life view as reciprocity

I believe in being rewarded for superior effort, harder work, ... you should benefit from that, but in the process of benefiting, you should never forget where you came from, and how can I use my good fortune to help those who are less fortunate. I think it’s about living life in balance.

Edmonton Investors Group (EIG)
Nichols had played hockey and was a season-ticket holder of the Oilers hockey team in Edmonton.  The Oilers were owned by Peter Pocklington, whose decisions regarding the team had disillusioned fans including a threat to move the team to the United States. In 1994 in return for taxpayer funds being used to refurbish the home ground Pocklington had agreed that local buyers would be given the right to purchase the team for cnd$100 before he could sell it to an American buyer.  The Oilers were in financial difficulties but could receive league assistance if they could sell 13,000 seasons tickets and 90 percent of corporate boxes. In 1996, Nichols co-chaired the Friends of the Oilers (FOTO) ticket drive campaign and mainly through his efforts the 13,000 season tickets deadline was reached.  In 1997, when the franchise was put up for sale, he  spearheaded the bid from a local ownership group EIG made up of 37/38 investors by co-ordinating raising the $60 million in equity required to purchase the team. His motivation for this was to see the team remain Edmonton remain as a "Major League City."  He started his tenure as chairman of the EIG board in March 2000.

The Oilers became financially successful with Forbes valuing the club at US$146 million.  The success of the Oilers brought a  US$145 million offer from local billionaire Daryl Katz for the franchise, although Nichols subsequently said the team was not for sale. Daryl Katz upped the offer to US$150 million, but was turned down again.

On August 7, Katz made a third offer for the team of US$170 million. Nichols said the attempts to buy the team have caused "collateral damage" and he hoped the outright refusal brings closure to a vocal debate that has divided the group and the wider community since Katz's first offer.  Nichols was quoted as saying "This is not about dollars. This is about Edmonton. An ownership group is best-suited for Edmonton and the Oilers.".

On December 13, 2007, Katz submitted a fourth formal offer to EIG to buy the franchise. The offer was $188 million to the EIG shareholders, plus another $100 million towards the building of a new arena in downtown Edmonton. The offer was accepted and Nichols resigned as chairman of the board of directors for the EIG in December 2007.  and the 34 members of the EIG were paid out . Katz acknowledged the role of Niicols in the Oilers success, "If it wasn’t for Cal, the Oilers wouldn’t be in Edmonton."

Alberta Enterprise Group
In 2007 Nichols banded together with a group of businessmen to form the Alberta Enterprise Group. Their purpose was to connect business leaders with Alberta policymaker and the public for the benefit of all stakeholders. Nichols was chairman and in November 2011 a new chairman and Board were elected and he became Chairman Emeritus, an honorary title. He was thanked for "...his vision and leadership in helping to create this organization."

References

1942 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Saskatchewan
Canadian sports businesspeople
Edmonton Oilers executives
National Hockey League executives


Truman Carol Kimbro (May 27, 1919 – December 19, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II.

Biography
Kimbro was drafted into the Army from Houston, Texas in December 1941, just a few days before the attack on Pearl Harbor. By December 19, 1944, he was serving as a technician fourth grade in Company C, 2nd Engineer Combat Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division. On that day, he was assigned to lead a squad in the mining of a crossroads near Rocherath, Belgium. Finding that the area was covered by enemy forces, he left his men in a protected position and went forward alone. Although wounded on his approach, he continued on his mission and successfully laid mines across the road before being killed by enemy fire. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor five months later, on May 24, 1945.

Kimbro was buried at the Henri-Chapelle American Cemetery in Henri-Chapelle, Belgium. His grave can be located in Plot F Row 6 Grave 28.

Medal of Honor citation
Technician Fourth Grade Kimbro's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On 19 December 1944, as scout, he led a squad assigned to the mission of mining a vital crossroads near Rocherath, Belgium. At the first attempt to reach the objective, he discovered it was occupied by an enemy tank and at least 20 infantrymen. Driven back by withering fire, Technician 4th Grade Kimbro made 2 more attempts to lead his squad to the crossroads but all approaches were covered by intense enemy fire. Although warned by our own infantrymen of the great danger involved, he left his squad in a protected place and, laden with mines, crawled alone toward the crossroads. When nearing his objective he was severely wounded, but he continued to drag himself forward and laid his mines across the road. As he tried to crawl from the objective his body was riddled with rifle and machinegun fire. The mines laid by his act of indomitable courage delayed the advance of enemy armor and prevented the rear of our withdrawing columns from being attacked by the enemy.

Honored in ship naming
The U.S. Army ship USAT Sgt. Truman Kimbro which served in the Pacific Ocean at the end of World War II was named in his honor.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

1944 deaths
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Madisonville, Texas
United States Army non-commissioned officers
1919 births
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor


The Pedreira Paulo Leminski is a 25,000 capacity outdoor concert venue located in Curitiba, Brazil.  It was partly named after Paulo Leminski, a twentieth century Brazilian writer, and because it served as the Municipal Pedreira, or rock quarry. Located in the neighborhood of Abranches, the site is about 103,500 metres long, its stage is around 480m², and it is surrounded by a rock wall thirty meters high. It was first opened in 1990.

The Wire Opera House, which was opened in 1992 for the first Curitiba Theater Festival. Together, the two sites make up the Parque das Pedreiras.

In July 2008, the holding of large events was prohibited in the place by an injunction in a Public Civil Action filed by the Public Ministry of Paraná, based on a request from the residents of the region, who alleged disrespect for the schedule of shows and riots caused by visitors. After a legal dispute between the space's neighbors and the municipal government, which had taken place since 2008, an agreement was reached, which included a renovation with new adaptations and some restrictions for shows and, thus, the quarry was released in September 2013. With the improvements made, at a cost of R$ 17 million, the space was reopened in March 2014.

Events in Pedreira
During the city's three hundredth anniversary celebrations, the Pedreira hosted the tenor José Carreras, who was accompanied by the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra.

Concerts (partial list)

References

Music venues in Brazil
Buildings and structures in Curitiba
Tourist attractions in Curitiba


The Play the King Stakes is a Canadian Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario. A Grade II sprint race, it is open to horses age three and older and is run over a distance of seven furlongs on turf. It currently offers a purse of CAN$200,000.

Inaugurated in 1987 as the Toronto Budweiser Breeders' Cup Handicap, it was competed at a distance of six furlongs on dirt until 1996 when it was shifted to the turf and set at its current distance of seven furlongs. At the same time, the race was renamed in honor of Kinghaven Farms' 1988 Canadian Horse of the Year, Play the King.

The race was run in two divisions in 2000.

Records
Speed  record:
 1:19.77 - Just Rushing (2008) (at current distance of 7 furlongs)
 1:09.20 - Play the King (1987)
 1:09.20 - Apelia (1993)

Most wins:
 2 - Play the King (1987, 1988)
 2 - King Corrie (1991, 1992)
 2 - Soaring Free (2003, 2004)
 2 - Le Cinquieme Essai (2006, 2007)

Most wins by an owner:
 4 - Sam-Son Farm (1997, 1998, 2003, 2004)

Most wins by a jockey:
 3 - Todd Kabel (1995, 2003, 2004)

Most wins by a trainer:
 4 - Sid C. Attard (2008, 2009, 2010, 2016)
 4 - Mark Frostad (1997, 1998, 2003, 2004)

Winners of the Play The King Stakes

See also
 List of Canadian flat horse races

References

 The Play The King Stakes at Pedigree Query

Graded stakes races in Canada
Open mile category horse races
Recurring events established in 1987
Woodbine Racetrack


Aseret () is a community settlement on the coastal plain of south-central Israel. Located near Gedera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gederot Regional Council.

It was founded in 1954 on the ruins of the depopulated Palestinian village of Bashshit. The word "Aseret" means ten, and the community is named after the ten members of Bilu who founded Gedera.
In  its population was .

History

Aseret was founded in 1954 as the municipal center of Gederot Regional Council. It continues to serve this function today. Aseret is the center, both geographically and municipally, of the other six communities in the council: Meishar, Misgav Dov, Kfar Aviv, Kfar Mordechai, Shdema and Gan HaDarom.

Aseret was built on the lands of Bashshit, a Palestinian village depopulated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.  There is an old tomb associated with Seth, the son of Adam in the Hebrew Bible. According to scholars of the Palestine Exploration Fund, the name Bashshit was derived from Beit Shit, meaning the "house of Seth. The tomb lies within a triple-domed mosque located on the side of a hill.

References

Community settlements
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1954
1954 establishments in Israel


Mali Rhys Harries (born 6 July 1976) is a Welsh television actress and presenter who has been in the television industry since 1989. She has appeared in several well-established TV series in Welsh and English, including Hinterland, The Indian Doctor and Pobol y Cwm.

Career
Born in Cardiff, Harries attended Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf and graduated from the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.

She is married to actor Matthew Gravelle. She appeared alongside Gravelle in Baker Boys; each is married to another character in the series. They appear as husband and wife in the S4C drama Un Bore Mercher in 2017, which aired on BBC One in 2018 in an English-language version as Keeping Faith.

In 2010, she was nominated for a BAFTA Cymru award for Best Actress in the Welsh language TV drama, Caerdydd.

Between 2013 and 2016, Harries won critical acclaim as a star in the detective series Y Gwyll (titled Hinterland in English), the first bilingual Welsh-English series to air on the BBC.

In 2014, Harries was voted into the top 10 of the Wales Online "Sexiest Woman in Wales" poll.

Recently Harries has become known for her work with S4C, including the first series of Keeping Faith, her own crime documentary series Y Ditectif and long-running soap Pobol y Cwm.

Personal life
Mali Harries is married to fellow Welsh performer Matthew Gravelle.  The couple have played each other's on-screen significant other in several TV shows.

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio

References

External links

 S4C Caerdydd

1976 births
Living people
Welsh television actresses
Welsh soap opera actresses
Welsh film actresses
Welsh-speaking actors
Actresses from Cardiff


The Royal Commission of Inquiry into the V.K. Lingam Video Clip was formed in late 2007 to investigate into an allegation of illegal intervention into the judicial appointment process of Malaysian judges purportedly occurred in 2002. The formation of the commission was a follow-up to a recommendation by a three-man panel which was tasked to determine the authenticity of a video clip of a telephone conversation that raised the allegation.

The allegation was first made public in September 2007 by former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim who released a low quality video showing lawyer V.K. Lingam allegedly talking to former Chief Judge of Malaya Ahmad Fairuz Abdul Halim about the appointment of the latter into the office of Chief Justice of the Federal Court. Ahmad Fairuz retired as the Chief Justice of the Federal Court in late 2007 after his tenure was not renewed due to objection from the Conference of Rulers.

Proceedings
The Royal Commission began with the purpose of investigating the purported tampering in the appointment of judges following the release of a widely circulated (including on YouTube) eight-minute video clip featuring what appears to be a well-connected senior lawyer, V.K. Lingam, purportedly discussing promotions and factionalism among senior judges over the phone with Ahmad Fairuz Sheikh Abdul Halim, the number 3 judge in the country at the time the clip was recorded on a mobile phone in 2002. Lingam is also seen apparently talking to Fairuz about the latter's own rise within the judiciary. At the time the video was released on 19 September 2007,

Ahmad Fairuz was already the Chief Justice of Malaysia, but his four-year tenure as Chief Justice was due to expire 31 October 2007. His tenure was not extended, and his post was taken over by Abdul Hamid Mohamad. The lawyer is also heard saying that he had discussed the judiciary with tycoon Vincent Tan and another prominent ruling party politician. The conversation suggests that certain top judges are closely connected with the country's top leaders via political intermediaries and business cronies. The minister in the Prime Minister's Department, Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz, has said that the judge implicated in the video clip had called him to deny that he was the one talking to the lawyer.

On 15 January 2008 the Royal Commission began their inquiry of a video that alleges political interference in judicial appointments and the manipulation of high-profile cases. On 17 January 2008 Mahathir was brought before a Royal Commission that look the manipulation of top judicial appointments during his administration, a scandal that has cast doubts about the independence of Malaysia's judiciary. He was made to testify before a government inquiry into a secretly recorded video clip that showed a man believed to be a prominent lawyer, V. K. Lingam, boasting that he could get key judicial appointments made with Mahathir's help.  Throughout the inquiry Mahathir feign ignorance and forgot key timelines. Continuing with the inquiries, former Chief Justice of Malaysia Tun Mohamed Eusoff Chin was called before the Commission whereby he denied he was a close acquaintance of the lawyer V.K. Lingam even though he took a vacation with him to New Zealand.

Lingam was also called before the Royal Commission, where he claim he did not recall the phone conversation he made to Ahmad Fairuz.  He said he might have been drunk at that time and denied he had ever tried to influence judicial appointments. Vincent Tan who was next was questioned about his influence on former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and he denied that he ever discussed judicial appointments with Mahathir. He rebutted Mahathir's claims that he might have consulted with Tan over judicial appointments.

A new revelation appeared showing PKR President Anwar Ibrahim releasing a third video clip purportedly showing Lingam talking about having dinner with and buying an expensive gift for former Chief Justice Tun Mohamed Dzaiddin Abdullah. Anwar said he was disappointed the Royal Commission which focused solely on the fixing of judges and did not allow evidence that court decisions had also been fixed. Anwar also claimed that there was a third video clip that implicated more judges in the judiciary.

Terms of reference
The Commission had a specific scope it had to explore. The scope includes:
 to certify the authenticity of the clip
 to identify the participants of the telephone conversation as well as persons mentioned in the conversation
 to ascertain the truth of the content of the conversation
 to determine whether the participants of the conversation as well as names mentioned committed any wrongdoing
 to recommend action against the participants of the conversation as well as names mentioned.

Membership
The 5-person commission was chaired by former Chief Judge of Malaya Haidar Mohamed Noor. The other four members were former Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak Steve Shim Lip Kiong, former Solicitor-General Zaitun Zawiyah Puteh, historian Khoo Kay Kim and retired Court of Appeal Judge Mahadev Shankar.

Members of the commission were appointed by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.

The Report
The report is available for download and viewing online.

See also
 Courts of Malaysia

References

Malaysian commissions and inquiries
Political scandals in Malaysia


Alan Parker (1944–2020) was an English film director, producer, writer, and actor.

Alan Parker may also refer to:

 Alan Parker (musician) (born 1944), British guitarist for the band Blue Mink
 Alan G. Parker (born 1965), British music biographer (films and books)
 Alan Parker, alter-ego of British comedian Simon Munnery
 Alan Parker (radio show), a 1995 radio show featuring the character
 Alan Parker, Road Warrior, a 1996 radio show featuring the character
 Alan Parker (athlete) (1928–2012), British long-distance runner
 Alan Parker (businessman) (born 1939), British businessman, DFS Galleria
 Alan C. Parker (born 1946), British businessman, chairman of Mothercare, former CEO of Whitbread
 Alan Parker, a character in the Judge Parker comic strip

See also
C. Allen Parker (born 1955), American business executive and attorney
Al Parker (disambiguation)

Parker, Alan


The Boston Government Service Center (BGSC) is a state government complex in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts. The center was designed in the Brutalist style, led by architect Paul Rudolph. It is one of the major components of the Government Center complex in Downtown Boston. The complex is made up of two connected
Brutalist buildings: the Charles F. Hurley Building and the Erich Lindemann Building, as well as a courtyard; sometimes included is the newer, 1998-built, Edward W. Brooke Courthouse.

The Hurley and Lindemann buildings are designated Category Two buildings in Boston, holding major significance for the city. The site is eligible for the state and national registers of historic places, and as a Boston Landmark. Its association with Rudolph and its extreme architectural style make it a possible National Historic Landmark.

Description

Names
The complex is officially known as the Joseph A. Langone, Jr. Memorial Center; it was named for the Massachusetts state senator in 1962. Older references have used the names "Government Service Center" (this name is easily confused with Government Center as a whole), the "State Services Center", or the "State Health, Education and Welfare Services Center". Newer references erroneously use the Lindemann or Hurley names to refer to the entire complex.

Site
The Boston Government Service Center occupies an  site, a superblock at the base of Beacon Hill in Boston. The block sits at the eastern border of the West End neighborhood, adjacent to the Financial District. On the site is two large connected buildings, structurally separate, which snake around a plaza, aligned with the street except with three corners squared off, creating three small streetside plazas around the building. One of these, Merrimac Plaza, today holds a surface parking lot. The southern plaza was partially created to provide a view of the Old West Church to viewers east of the building.

The Brutalist complex comprises two connected parts, the Charles F. Hurley Building (at 19 Staniford St.) and the Erich Lindemann Building (at 25 Staniford St.) The Hurley section houses the Division of Unemployment Assistance, MassHire, and other labor- and workforce-related offices of state government. The Lindemann building houses the Central Office of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health. Also on the site of the service center complex is the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse, completed in 1998. The buildings are all owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Plaza

The building surrounds a large pedestrian plaza, which sits atop a two-level parking garage, largely hidden from public view. The plaza has an irregular and complex design, due to the irregular street pattern in the city. The plaza was originally designed with swirling terraced levels, never constructed.

Original plans called for a three-level plaza, sloping 2.5 feet, which would converge on curved stairs. The concrete plaza would be striated, in three different textures from rough to smooth. The plaza, together with the planned tower, was to resemble in shape, size, and feeling, the piazzas del Campo and San Marco in Italy. The plaza was to be decorated in a similar festive way, with benches, sculptures, and plantings, together with the flags of the 50 US states around the perimeter. The buildings surrounding the plaza were to all be stepped-back, allowing in more light and becoming suggestive of an amphitheater with rows of seats. The plaza itself would be a concave shape, complementing the convex shape of nearby Beacon Hill. Its design as an enclosed, well-defined area was made in reaction to Boston City Hall Plaza and other designs by Modernist architects.

Design

Paul Rudolph was the coordinating architect on the project, and also designed the plaza, garage, and landscaping. Rudolph was a practicing architect at the time, as well as chair of the Yale School of Architecture. Desmond & Lord designed the Lindemann Building with Rudolph, and Shepley Bulfinch Richardson and Abbott designed the Hurley Building. Although Rudolph is primarily listed as the coordinator for the project, the design's strength and consistency across the site, as well as its matching Rudolph's design aesthetic, are all suggestive of Rudolph being the most prominent architect for the entire project.

The structure was designed in contrast to the City Hall a few blocks away, and was inspired by the idea of an amphitheater that would allow citizens to experience civic dramas unfolding. Rudolph viewed the grandiose and monumental quality of the structure as appropriate to the aims of the Great Society. Architectural writers have attributed the buildings to the concept of big government, showing that the state has made a large investment in its residents.

Rudolph designed the complex in the style today known as Brutalism, though Rudolph never used the term. He chose this form in opposition to the era's typical glass-walled International style office buildings, which he considered dull and monotonous. The state service center's concrete walls were solid and monumental, and recalled brick masonry.

The interior and exterior of the building utilize ribbed, bush-hammered concrete (also known as "corduroy concrete"), a form Rudolph developed in his earlier Yale Art and Architecture Building. The exposed concrete uses a special aggregate designed to catch light and shadow. The concrete style is one of the building's key defining features. Other representative elements include its several-story-high columns, placed regularly, which contain elevators, staircases, and bathrooms; and the buildings' stepped terraces and concrete sunshades surrounding the central plaza. The exteriors also make use of monumental colonnades and a "cornice" spanning the length of the buildings, one entire story in height. Several of the building's large projecting elements appear biomorphic, including one described as looking like the face of a frog. Interior spaces considered iconic for the building include its chapel and spiral staircase.

The building borrows elements of rectilinearity from the Yale design with dramatic curved shapes similar to those of his Endo Laboratories building in Garden City, New York. Most of the curves are present in the Lindemann section.

The building's proposed Health, Welfare and Education tower was to have 23 stories and house its namesake three state government departments. The tower was to have a public restaurant at the plaza level, encouraging the plaza's public use. It was originally designed by Rudolph and M.A. Dyer, though it was later redesigned, with its floor area doubled to  and a new height of 33 stories, by Shepley Bullfinch Richardson and Abbot. In 1994, with the site still vacant, the state government designated the site for its new municipal court. The Edward W. Brooke Courthouse was completed there in 1998.

Art

The Hurley building's lobby features two large murals by Italian artist Costantino Nivola. They face each other in the lobby; one is themed for unemployment insurance and its benefits to families and society; the other is on employment service, and how vocational training benefits workers and the economy. The works utilize the fresco sgraffito process; Nivola's largest work with this technique, taking up the height and length of multi-story walls. They provide a humanizing and colorful contrast to the surrounding architecture, with their bright primary colors and anthropomorphic figures. The works give subtle critiques of 20th century economic and social structures. The Nivola murals are important as some of his few remaining works; numerous have been demolished or walled over. The works are threatened by planned renovation of the Hurley Building.

Another work, Upward Bound, is suspended from the ceiling of the Hurley Building's east portico, facing New Chardon St. and the central courtyard. The 30-ft.-wide, 17-ft.-tall sculpture, by Charles Fayette Taylor Sr., was created in 1970 and installed for the building's opening. It is made using cylindrical brass poles welded together and supported by steel struts and cables. The work has an upward movement, symbolizing the benefit of the unemployment office housed there  to support the public with economic and work opportunities.

Lindemann Building

The  Lindemann Building houses the Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center (ELMHC), a psychiatric facility. Registered as a hospital, the facility accepted inpatients until December 2008, when these patients were moved to another facility. During the center's early years, it had a staff of 150 personnel, including 12 psychiatrists, 9 psychologists, 12 social workers, 24 nurses, and numerous support staff members. The mental health center incorporated numerous activity spaces, including a nursery and spaces for family, group, individual, and occupational therapies. Occupational therapy spaces included shops for electrical, plumbing, and woodwork, as well as a cafe, theater, and model apartment, to let patients develop skills for society in training. An area for children included bedrooms, a dining hall, and outdoor play area. A large gymnasium and  swimming pool were built on the first floor, and at one time were open to the public and used by up to 41 community groups.

The Lindemann building also features a small chapel set in its center, set on the top two floors. It has a single large skylight, a large concrete altar, a seating area and balcony, and curved walls of cast concrete. The space was originally open for patients, staff, and visitors, when the surrounding space was used for inpatients. The room has kneelers for Christians, a small alcove potentially for confessions, and an alcove for changing clothes and preparing for services. When the inpatient services were moved out of the building in 2009, the chapel was locked, only occasionally used for services and small patient and staff gatherings.

Hurley Building
The Charles F. Hurley Building has . It was named for Hurley due to his service as Massachusetts governor. Since at least 1973, the building has been likened to the state of Massachusetts in shape, with Cape Cod disproportionately larger. Employees would refer to their offices as located in "Harwich" or the "Hyannis area", or mention repairs need to be made in "Worcester". The architects considered this design resemblance a coincidence, with Rudolph stating that "nothing was further from my mind" in designing the building.

Gallery

History

Site  structures and changes

The site of the Boston Government Service Center was by Bowdoin Square, an area that changed from residential to commercial, as the city grew and as land was reclaimed. Commercial shipping companies made use of much of the present-day Government Center land until  more land was reclaimed, and then restaurants and hotels were built at the site. The area went into a slow and steady decline in the late 19th century to mid-20th century, due to its proximity to the Boston Navy Yard, and business moving south and to Back Bay. The Government Center area lost its expensive theaters, restaurants, and hotels, changing to house tattoo parlors, variety theaters, and penny arcades. By 1917, the city's planning board proposed a civic center there due to its good location,poor state of buildings, and low property values.

Little action took place from 1930, when the site was chosen for a civic center, through to 1949, when it was classified as an urban renewal area. The Housing Act of 1949 made site clearance possible. The site had 91 percent of structures substandard, and with a majority "vermin-infested", and with exposed wiring, obsolete and insufficient plumbing, and other issues. With widespread public support, the city seized and demolished large portions of the West End in the 1960s, displacing a significant portion of the city's working-class families. A master plan for the  site, Government Center, was devised by architects I. M. Pei and Henry N. Cobb.

Houses were cleared for the center site. Some of the displaced residents still live in the West End, as of 2022. The Washington School, a public school, also stood on the site, completed in 1904 and renovated to house the Department of School Buildings in 1935. The school was demolished in 1963 during the urban renewal process.

Construction and operation

The design process began in 1962. Cost estimates in 1964 included $19.7 million for the Hurley building, $7.1 million for the Lindemann building, and $12.2 million for the Health, Welfare and Education tower.

The master plan for the Government Center called for three separate buildings on the site, designed by three separate firms. With an unusual site plan, the firms designed plans for all three buildings with the hope of cooperation among them, though none of the plans satisfied all, or satisfied the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA). Shortly after the Boston City Hall design was unveiled, Paul Rudolph designed a plan for the Government Service Center site which was backed by a member of Shepley Bulfinch Richardson and Abbott and passed the BRA's approval process. The firms then agreed to design the buildings within Rudolph's scheme, with Rudolph as the coordinating architect.

Construction began in 1966 and lasted into 1971. Most of the complex was completed in that year, including most of the serpentine structure, interior courtyard, and plaza. Funding cuts in 1970 led to the cancellation of the tower and swirling terraces at its base. An economic recession, as well as the Vietnam war and political assassinations had affected desires to complete such large-scale government projects. William Grindereng, who worked for Rudolph on the project, said that the Government Center Commission put out bids on the project piece-by-piece, contrary to Rudolph's wishes. The Lindemann and Hurley buildings were approved over the original budget, awarded to Vappi Construction Co. No other companies bid against Vappi for the tower commission, and Vappi's offer was substantially over the budget, so the tower was never built.

In 1999 the remaining space (long fenced-in and overgrown with weeds) was filled with the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse, by Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, in a completely different architectural style. At around the same time the courtyard was landscaped with an elliptical planting, and features such as stairways, an elevator, and a wheelchair access ramp were added. While the additions match the style of the original buildings, they can be distinguished by the different style of ribbed concrete used, which lacks rough exposed aggregate.

Other than the landscaping in the courtyard, the buildings have never undergone significant restoration or renovation and appear weathered and neglected today. The edges of the sweeping, curved exterior stairways are crumbling, exposing the rebar inside. The exterior plaza on the north side, shown in Rudolph's original drawings as full of benches, trees, and people, is now a parking lot with a chain link fence around it.

The buildings offer many benches and sheltered and concealed spots, which are used by the local homeless population to take refuge from the weather and rest or sleep. In 2008, the state attached signs to the exterior discouraging these uses (and damaging the concrete). Officially, the property is closed to the public on evenings and weekends, but this policy is seldom enforced.

In December 2008, the Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center, a psychiatric facility, moved its inpatients to the Solomon Fuller Mental Health Center. The Lindemann building no longer has resident patients, though it serves outpatients with a site director, director of risk management, two supervisors, and 70 employees, as of 2009. The building also holds the Central Office of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health.

In 2013, many of the exterior staircases, terraces, and niches were fenced off because the side walls were not tall enough to meet modern safety codes. Several injuries had been reported from falls through open light wells, prompting the fence. A set of curved and perforated steel panels was installed along the edges of the plaza in 2019, and the fencing was removed. The stylized panels were designed by architect Stephen Moore.

The buildings have been degrading for decades, with concrete crumbling and exposed rebar at several locations. The HVAC systems are obsolete, and the buildings are not well insulated.

Hurley Building alterations

Around 2019, the Massachusetts Division of Capital Asset Management and Maintenance (DCAMM) began to address the Hurley Building's urban design challenges. These include: elements at a monumental scale to be complemented with elements at human scale, activating and enhancing public spaces (the Merrimac Street plaza, the central courtyard, sidewalks, and the ground floor of the building), reworking areas with concealed entrances and dark passages, and improving or removing the site's loading docks. The renovations improving these aspects are intended to complement the existing site's form, fenestration, and materials.

In addition, the Hurley has one of the highest energy use intensities among commercial buildings in Boston, resulting in large energy costs. Proposed improvements include improving air sealing; window, roof, and wall insulation; green roofs; on-site renewable energy generation; new HVAC&R systems; and improving air, water, and lighting quality. Noted deteriorating elements included stained concrete, trash buildups, pigeon roosts, among other signs of neglect.

In 2019, the DCAMM began to seek a developer to remodel the Hurley Building, including the likely addition of retail and restaurant spaces on the ground floor. One of four scenarios presented by DCAMM involved complete demolition of the Hurley Building.

Later that year, preservationists and architects indicated their opposition to demolition of the building and any damage to its murals. The Massachusetts Historical Commission stepped in and emphasized the building's historical importance, supported by Docomomo and the Paul Rudolph Heritage Foundation, which created an online petition among other initiatives. By the end of 2020, DCAMM conceded that it would no longer consider a complete demolition of the Hurley Building. Four redevelopment proposals were submitted by the December 2021 deadline, although the entries and entrants were not revealed. A winning proposal was planned to be approved in March 2022 and announced in June of that year. Leggat McCall Properties was selected, and proposes extensive renovations to the building, including integrating two towers into and above the building, with a total cost above $1 billion.

Impact

In media
The Government Service Center is listed in G. E. Kidder Smith's Source Book of American Architecture: 500 Notable Buildings from the 10th Century to the Present.

The complex is featured in the 2006 film The Departed, where it stands in as a state police headquarters building, and its concrete exterior and main exterior staircase are featured. The Lindemann building also was a filming location for the 2007 feature Gone Baby Gone.

Notable photographs have been taken of the buildings, including a series by Robert Perron published in Werk, a Swiss architecture magazine, in 1972. Perron's photograph of spiral stairs inside one of the buildings was used on the cover of the July 1973 issue of Architectural Record.

Critical reception
During its construction and at its opening, the building received substantial recognition by at least ten architectural magazines or journals around the world, and appeared in numerous books. The site's model and drawings were presented in a 1979 MoMA exhibit, Transformations in Modern Architecture.

The service center complex is today not favored among Boston residents, as part of the government center that "Bostonians most love to hate", as described by architectural historian Timothy Rohan. Rohan describes the complex as a concrete brutalist castle, strange and forbidding, and representative of the alienating 1960s urban design. It was considered one of the ten "ugliest buildings" in Boston, according to Curbed Boston readers c. 2016.

Historians characterize the buildings in innumerous, and often contradictory ways, including: graceful, imaginative, sensuous, exaggerated, rugged, restless, and heroic. Journalists reviewed the Lindemann center's architecture positively at its 1971 opening, though several noted that the design might not be appropriate to a state building, hospital, or mental health facility. In 1972, Ada Louise Huxtable suggested that the cancellation of the tower on-site was part of toning down the dramatic elements of the project.

Michele Koh, writing for Singapore Architect, expressed that Rudolph's work purposefully reflected the state of inmates at the mental health center, and that in making the mental health building "insane", they would sooth those who feel it reflects their state. Koh cited Vincent Scully, who stated that not every individual may be able to meet the building's psychological demands, and psychiatrist Matthew Dumont, who had feared sending a schizophrenic patient to the Lindemann Center.

A 1974 article in the Boston Globe described the complex as a paradise only for photographers studying light and shadows. It described that the Lindemann appears to appease the monumentous taste of Paul Rudolph, not the modest neighborhood psychiatrist Dr. Lindemann. Staff found the main steps of the center challenging to walk on, as each step is sequentially larger as you walk down the stairs.

Landmark designations
The Government Service Center is a Category Two complex in Boston, holding major significance for the city, since at least 1970. While the Government Service Center is not currently listed as a national, state, or local landmark, the Boston Landmarks Commission reported in 1990 that the complex is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, and its exterior and select interiors as a Boston Landmark. A preservation study from 2020 concurrently described that the site is eligible for the national register, as well as the state's historic register.

The 2020 preservation study estimated that the complex will be proposed as a National Historic Landmark for its association with an important architect, and for its extreme departure from prior architectural styles.

Further reading

References

External links

 Hurley and Lindemann official websites

1960s architecture in the United States
1970s architecture in the United States
Brutalist architecture in Massachusetts
Office buildings in Boston
Government buildings in Boston
Government Center, Boston
Government buildings completed in 1971
Paul Rudolph buildings
Unfinished buildings and structures in the United States
West End, Boston


Ouagadougou Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of Ouagadougou () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ouagadougou in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. It was built in the 1930s, by apostolic vicar Joanny Thévenoud from the White Fathers, at the time of French West Africa, and was dedicated on 19 January 1936, after a two-year construction. Behind the cathedral, near the carpark, is an altar dedicated to Mary, Ave Maria, with a statue of the Virgin in a carved stone arch.

References

20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
Buildings and structures in Ouagadougou
Churches in Burkina Faso
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Burkina Faso
Romanesque Revival church buildings
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1936


Emil Clarence Hansen (Hanson) (November 18, 1907 — May 16, 1955) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in seven games in the National Hockey League games for the Detroit Red Wings during the 1932–33 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1929 to 1944, was mainly spent in the American Hockey Association. Emil had five brothers who were also ice hockey players: Julius, Joe, Louis, Emery and Oscar Hanson.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1907 births
1955 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Detroit Olympics (IHL) players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kansas City Greyhounds players
Minneapolis Millers (AHA) players
People from Camrose, Alberta
St. Paul Saints (AHA) players
Tulsa Oilers (AHA) players
Wichita Skyhawks players


The Seiad Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Siskiyou County, California, located adjacent to the Klamath River and close to the border with Oregon.  The wine region was granted AVA status in 1994 despite having only one commercially bonded winery in operation, Seiad Valley Vineyards, which has since ceased operations.  The valley floor is covered in the excavated rock left behind as tailings from gold mining.  The exposed rocks absorb and retain heat from the sun, moderating the effects of a cool, mountain valley climate.  There are approximately  of Riesling being grown inside the geographic boundaries of the AVA.

See also
 California wine

References

American Viticultural Areas
American Viticultural Areas of California
Geography of Siskiyou County, California
1994 establishments in California


Colin John Duncan (born 5 August 1957) is an English former association footballer who as a midfielder. Born in Plymstock, he played for Reading, Oxford United, Gillingham and Aldershot in a twelve-year professional career. He subsequently played non-league football for Fleet Town and Basingstoke Town. After retiring from football, Duncan settled in Thatcham where he became a painter-decorator.

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Gillingham F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Aldershot F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
English Football League players
Fleet Town F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Footballers from Plymouth, Devon


Delhi Herald of Arms Extraordinary was a British officer of arms whose office was created in 1911 for the Delhi Durbar. Though an officer of the crown, Delhi Herald Extraordinary was not a member of the corporation of the College of Arms in London and his duties were more ceremonial than heraldic.

At the time the office was created in 1911, Brigadier-General William Peyton was appointed Delhi Herald of Arms Extraordinary,  while Captain the Hon. Malik Umar Hayat Khan was made Assistant Herald. Later heraldic officers with reference to India were not appointed.

See also
Heraldry
Herald
Osmond Barnes

References

O'Donoghue, Peter, Heralds at the Delhi Durbars in The Coat of Arms (journal of The Heraldry Society), September 2006

External links
The College of Arms
CUHGS Officer of Arms Index

Offices of arms
Indian heraldry


Thomas Joplin (1790?–1847) was an English timber merchant and banker, resident in Newcastle upon Tyne, notable as an early and persistent promoter of the concept of the joint stock bank.

Life
He was born about 1790 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the second son of the timber merchant Thomas Joplin, who died in 1808. He was in business at the family firm in New Road with his elder brother William, as W. and T. Joplin & Co. He studied political economy.

In 1824 the Provincial Bank of Ireland was formed in London, and Joplin became actively concerned in its management. In 1828, shortly after joint-stock banks were permitted 65 miles from London, Joplin left the Provincial Bank of Ireland, and submitted a scheme to his cousin George Fife Angas for the association of a number of provincial banks together under a central management, but with considerable local freedom of action. He proposed to call the new concern the National Provincial Bank of England. The estimated expense of initiating the scheme was £300, which Angas in 1829 engaged to find. The plan was carried out in 1833, when the National Provincial Bank was established; Joplin's name was in the deed of settlement as one of the directors and as the originator of the bank.

Joplin helped to establish banks at Lancaster, Huddersfield, Bradford, Manchester and elsewhere. Some were successful, but he made little money from his efforts. About 1836 a dispute with his fellow-directors led to his leaving the National Provincial Bank.

Joplin died at Böhmischdorf in Silesia, where he had gone for his health, on 12 April 1847.

Works
Joplin published at Newcastle in 1822 An Essay on the General Principles and Present Practices of Banking in England and Scotland; with Observations upon the Justice and Policy of an immediate Alteration in the Charter of the Bank of England, and the Measures to be pursued in order to effect it. This work explained the system of Scottish banking, and suggested the establishment of a joint-stock bank; it went through several editions.

This pamphlet launched a strong attack on the monopoly position of the Bank of England and proposed the setting up of joint stock banks. These ideas were subsequently taken up to a certain extent in the system initiated in 1828. It was followed by many others. In his book Thomas Joplin and Classical Economics (1993), Denis Patrick O'Brien shows that Joplin was ahead of his time in his use of formal models and empirically tested predictions.

Further works by Joplin were:

 Views on the subject of Corn and Currency, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1826.
 Views on the Corn Bill of 1827, and other Measures of Government; together with a further Exposition of certain Principles on Corn and Currency before published, 1828.
 An Analysis and History of the Currency Question; together with an Account of the Origin and Growth of Joint-stock Banking in England, 1832.
 A Letter to the Directors of the National Provincial Bank of England, 1834.
 Case for Parliamentary Inquiry into the circumstances of the [Financial] Panic [of 1825], in a Letter, &c., 1835?

 On our Monetary System …; with an Explanation of the Causes by which the Pressures in the Money Market are produced, and a Plan for their Remedy, 2nd edit. 1840.
 The Cause and Cure of our Commercial Embarrassments, 1841.
 An Essay on the Condition of the National Provincial Bank of England, with a view to its Improvement, 1843.
 Currency Reform: Improvement, not Depreciation, 1844.
 An Examination of Sir Robert Peel's Currency Bill of 1844, 2nd edit., with supplementary observations, 1845.
 Circular to the Directors and Managers of the Joint-stock Banks; containing a brief Explanation of the Advantages that would result from the Government adopting as its own the Circulation of all the Banks of Issue in the Three Kingdoms, 3rd edit. 1845.

Secondary sources

 Blaug, Mark (ed.) (1999) - Who's who in economics (3rd edition).

Notes

Attribution

External links
RBS Heritage Online, Thomas Joplin

English economists
Classical economists
1790 births
1847 deaths
Businesspeople from Newcastle upon Tyne


Ingeborg i Mjärhult ('Ingeborg of Mjärhult') (1665 – 23 July 1749) was a Swedish natural healer, natural philosopher, soothsayer and spiritual visionary.

Life
Ingeborg i Mjärhult belonged to the peasantry of the parish of Virestad in Kronoberg County in Småland. She was born to the farmer Daniel i Uthövdan, and married the farmer Måns Gudmundsson i Mjärhult (d. 1716), with whom she had four children. By marriage, she was customarily called "i Mjärhult", which referred to the farm of her spouse.

Early on, she became active as a natural folk healer. By the time she became a widow in 1716, she had achieved national fame. Her medical activity included a type of religious natural philosophy, which she also shared with the public. Reportedly, she adjusted herself to follow all the church duties the law demanded and was in fact described as quite devout. She was on several occasions questioned by the church and the authorities for superstition, but she always defended herself by stating that she had not harmed anyone, was given great support by the public and enjoyed great popularity. In 1740, the bishop of Växjö questioned her, warned her for superstition and advised the public not to seek her help. Ingeborg responded that she only used bandages prepared with herbs plucked at midsummer moon as she had learned from her mother, and that she did not harm anyone. The public ignored the bishop's order. In fact, the harassment from the church only increased her good reputation.

During her last years, she lived in the cottage of her son Måns Månsson, where she died in 1749, at the age of 84.

Activity
Her view was that the nature spirits of folklore were in fact the fallen angels of Lucifer. She taught that humans consisted of two beings; the human above the earth, who walked with her feet above the earth, and the human of the underworld. These two beings walked adjoining each other, with the soles of their feet against each other, above and below the surface of the earth. She had been inspired to this belief by seeing animals looking down upon their reflection on the surface of the lakes. When someone became ill, she claimed, it was because the underworld part of that person, the antipode, had collided with some of the spirits of the earth.

It was said that she could tell what sickness a person had, simply by handling a piece of that person's clothing. She then revealed exactly what spirit the sick person had disturbed and recommended that he or she apologize and offer milk to the spirit, to a stone or something similar. She specialized in epilepsy. She was very popular and her reputation spread throughout the country.

In 1741, Carl von Linné, who regarded Ingeborg i Mjärhult to be more efficient than many educated doctor, described and her activity, and reported that she was:
...sought from all over the nation and had a more famed name than many a doctor, who studied and practiced all his life. Her theory and practice were as follows: She believed that the entourage of Lucifer had been cast out unto the earth, were some had been given their dwelling in the water and were known as necks, under houses with the name of tomtegubbar, in plants and trees such as fairies, in forests such as Rå. She believed every human had their spirit, who followed them as the shadow followed the body, and that this spirit walks underneath the surface of the earth, as man walks above, so that the feet of the spirit were continuously turned toward the feet of the human, a faith to which she had come to believe after seeing animals, forests and mountains, beside a lake, reflect in the surface of the water. She believed, that human and their spirit were connected such, that when the human over earth were suffering, so did the human under earth, and the other way around, when the human under earth were wounded, so was the human over earth a part. She believed that when people walked and their antipodes under earth happen to disturb the home of an vätt, elf, rå or similar creature below the earth, the human below earth would be wounded, and the human above would subsequently suffer thereby [...] when someone was ill, the patient need not be seen by her, nor did she need to ask their constitution, temperament, pulse, symptoms or diet, but it was enough if she was shown their sock, garter, linen or any textile worn by the patient, by which she could diagnose the illness and recommend a cure. Her pathologie or judgement were often, that the patient had slept in some place, or took from a tree, that was occupied by some spirit, or that the patient had been given the illness by air, water, fire or earth o. s. v. Her cure were: the patient should leave the house on three mornings in silence and fasting, or three Thursday evenings, normally toward north, or to a tree or a plant, beg for forgiveness or sacrifice milk or similar.

See also
 Brita Biörn
 Brigitta Lars Anderssons

References

Sources
 Signum Svenska kulturhistoria Stormaktstiden
 http://www.virestad.nu/Hembygdsforening/Bygdehistoria/sagobygden.htm
 Wilhelmina Stålberg: Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (Notes on Swedish women)
 Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt lexikon öfver Sverige / Andra Bandet. C-F
 Carl von Linné: Nemesis Divina

1665 births
1749 deaths
Prophets
17th-century philosophers
Herbalists
18th-century Swedish farmers
18th-century women farmers
Scandinavian folklore
Cunning folk
18th-century philosophers
Age of Liberty people
18th-century Swedish women
17th-century Swedish farmers
17th-century women farmers


Alinda is a subgenus (of Balea) or genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The name Alinda Adams & Adams, 1855 cannot be used because the older name Plicaphora Hartmann, 1841 has as type * A junior synonym of Alinda's type species Turbo biplicatus Montagu, 1803.

Species
Species in this genus include:
 Alinda atanasovi (Urbański, 1964)
 Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803)
 Alinda elegantissima A. J. Wagner, 1914
 Alinda fallax (Rossmässler, 1836)
 Alinda jugularis (Vest, 1859)
 Alinda nordsiecki (Dedov & Neubert, 2002)
 Alinda pancici (Pavlović, 1912)
 Alinda serbica (Möllendorff, 1873)
 Alinda stabilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1847)
 Alinda viridana (Rossmässler, 1836)
 Alinda vratzatica (I. M. Likharev, 1972)
 Alinda wagneri (A. J. Wagner, 1911)

References

 Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017

External links
 Adams H. & Adams A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls. [Published in parts: Vol. 1: i-xl (1858), 1-256 (1853), 257-484 (1854). Vol. 2: 1-92 (1854), 93-284 (1855), 285-412 (1856), 413-540 (1857), 541-661 (1858). Vol. 3: pl. 1-32 (1853), 33-96 (1855), 97-112 (1856), 113-128 (1857), 129-138 (1858)
 Hartmann, J.D.W. (1840-1844). Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz. Mit Zugabe einiger merkwürdigen exotischen Arten, i-xx, 1-36, pl. 1-2 [30-06-1840; 37-116, pl. 13-36 [1841]; 117-156, pl. 37-60 [1842]; 157-204, pl. 61-72 [1843]; 205-227, pl. 73-84 [1844]. St. Gallen]

Clausiliidae


No Bigger than a Minute is a 2006 documentary film about dwarfs in the media as well as filmmaker Steven Delano's own cathartic effort to deal with his dwarfism, something he ignored for almost forty years. Delano interviews actor Peter Dinklage, director Werner Herzog, and rapper Bushwick Bill as he deals with the question: If genetic engineering can weed out the condition, is that something we would want to do?

No Bigger than a Minute had its television premiere in 2006 as part of PBS's Point of View series.

References

External links
 P.O.V. No Bigger than a Minute - PBS's site dedicated to the film

http://archive.pov.org/nobiggerthanaminute/film-description/

2006 television films
2006 films
POV (TV series) films
Documentary films about the media
Works about dwarfism
2000s American films


Oscar Edward "Ossie, King Oscar" Hansen (December 27, 1909 – February 17, 1998) was a Canadian-born ice hockey centre. He played for the St. Louis Flyers, Minneapolis Millers and St. Paul Saints between 1930 and 1942, as well as eight games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1937–38 season.

Biography
Oscar Hansen (most newspapers spelled the name Hanson) was the most news printed athlete in Minnesota during his time and was the AHA league scoring champion in 1936–37 with 33 Goals in 47 games (62 Points), and again in 1938–39 with 37 goals in 48 games (1938–39 Oscar had 89 Points). Oscar was the best of the six Hansen brothers (who all played for Augsburg College in Minnesota. The Hansen brothers were the first line for the American Olympic Team in 1928.

Oscar Hansen holds a college ice hockey record with three goals in one minute at Augsburg College in Minnesota (USA).

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

References

1909 births
1998 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Minneapolis Millers (AHA) players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Oklahoma City Warriors (ice hockey) players
People from Camrose, Alberta
St. Louis Flyers (AHA) players
St. Paul Saints (AHA) players


The Willow Creek AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the Humboldt and Trinity counties of northern California, near the town of Willow Creek.  Surrounded by the Klamath Mountains, the AVA includes  in the center of the Six Rivers National Forest, and has 6 vineyards, one active winery, Miles Garrett Wines and  in wine grape production.

From the Beginning

Willow Creek has historically had a reputation for being a great growing region. There have been numerous agriculturally related private and commercial enterprises up and
down the river. The most successful of these have been pot and peach orchards with the recent addition of small individual farmsteads producing and marketing fruits and
vegetables at farmers markets and small roadside stands. Wine grapes while undoubtedly grown for personal table wine production really were not a significant part of this small river town economy until the early nineteen hundreds.

Enter the Gambi Family

The Gambis were immigrants coming to the United States in the early Twentieth Century from the Italian region of Tuscany. As the stories go, this industrious farm family first landed on our east coast and worked their way across the nation arriving at the Willow Creek Valley. Upon seeing Willow Creek they immediately fell in love with this small agricultural valley with its abundant water, sloping hillsides, and long days filled with sunshine. This valley reminded them of the Tuscan countryside and to them they were back home.
Thus begins long, industrious family enterprises that includes farms, restaurants, cottages, and, most significant for the history of the Willow Creek AVA, a commercial winery. There is little written record of the actual winery operation, so most of what is written here about the Gambi winery is from interviews and anecdotal information. What is
known is the family bonded the first Willow Creek winery and produced and sold table wines before prohibition, maybe during prohibition, and after its repeal right up till the nineteen seventies when the last of the Gambi family sold out and left the area. The
wines most likely were only marketed locally through direct to consumer sales, the
family restaurant, and local friends.
There are some very interesting structures and artifacts that still chronicle the Gambi
wine era. Pictured below in front of the Winnett Vineyards winery is a wine press and redwood fermentation tank removed from the Gambi winery and given to the Wirmetts by individuals whom had purchased some of the old Gambi property. Mark and Londa Rowly, owners of Coho Cottages and more recently China Creek Cabins, the old Gambi Resort, have discovered a wine cellar below the main building. There is also reported to exist a wine cave and oak casks used by the Gambis for wine storage. Even more
interesting are the remnants of the old vineyards. Some of the old grape vines that would now be approaching 100 years old still live on various lots subdivided from the original vineyard. Most likely they are red Italian varieties with Sangiovese being one of them as that grape is the great wine grape of the Tuscan region.
Although there is no known critic as to the quality of the Gambi wine, local consumers speak of it as being an intense red wine high in alcohol and filled with stone fruit flavors. This commentary on the wine's character would seem to be consistent with the cultural background of the Gambis and certainly similar to the commercial wines being produced in the Willow Creek AVA today.
During this early period of Willow Creek wine grape production there was an additional grower along the river just down river from town. Apparently the property was owned by the Gardner family and Ms. Gardner experimented with the propagation of multiple
varieties of wine grapes. While no wine was commercially produced by the Gardner
family, several hobby wineries and at least two commercial wineries on the coast
produced wine from these grapes.

The vineyard manager/caretaker for the property was a gentleman by the name of David Kenney. He and his family lived on the property, tended the vines, harvested and sold grapes, and made a little wine for their own consumption. David Kenney, would later help Winnett Vineyards establish their vineyard, initially with cuttings from the Gardner ranch, and later with grafted root stock from the Sonoma region. The Gardner property was later purchased by Lane Devries and the vineyards were expanded. Currently the vineyard is managed by Wil Franklin who produces wine under the Sun Valley label.

Willow Creek Wine Production Expands

About the time the Gambi family vineyards and winery was coming to a halt, two school teachers from the coast planted their own vineyards in Willow Creek, Ed Oliviera, a
teacher in the Arcata schools, later to become an administrator for the district, and Dean Williams, teacher/administrator in the McKinleyville district. Ed's vineyard is a small planting of less than an acre close to the town of Salyer, and Dean planted his vineyard north of Willow Creek just off Patterson road. While both Dean and Ed have passed away their vines still produce fruit and their legacy certainly lives on.
The most significant contribution Ed and Dean made to the Willow Creek wine region was establishing the region as a designated American Viticulture Region (AVA). This distinction establishes the unique grape growing conditions of the region and allows wineries making wines from the grapes of the region to put "Willow Creek" as the
designated growing region, as opposed to the more general designation of "California grapes", "North Coast grapes", or "Humboldt County grapes". This specificity provides the consumer with a much more complete understanding of where the grapes making up the wine they are consuming actually came from.

The Beginning of the Willow Creek AVA

The Willow Creek AVA was established in 1983 as one of the first in The United States. It is defined geographically by a section of the Trinity river valley under 1000 feet
elevation and running from just up river from Salyer at Coon Creek, extending a short distance down river from the town of Willow Creek to Kirkham Creek, making it the most northern wine region in California! The Willow Creek AVA is also one of the
smallest with only 6000 acres in its entire boundary.

The AVA distinction was given to Willow Creek based on its unique Micro Climate, soil structure, marine influence, and unique geographic features that affect wine grape
growing. The term for the sum total of all factors influencing wine flavors and character is terroir. So when someone drinks a wine from grapes grown in the Willow Creek AVA they taste the terroir, the uniqueness of Willow Creek. For a more complete description of the Willow Creek AVA see the overview at the end of this article.

Willow Creek AVA in the 90´s

In the late 1990's a new generation of wine growers started arriving in the Willow Creek area. Serious about their craft and dedicated to establishing the Willow Creek AVA as a genuine commercial grape growing region, capable of producing wines that would rival the wines of the great wine regions of the world. What grape variety to plant, what type of trellising, whether to irrigate or dry farm are just a few of the important viticulture questions that are being addressed by the various vineyard owners. Recently the
Humboldt Wine Makers Association located recording thermometers throughout the
AVA and the data they are collecting substantiates the region as a moderately warm wine growing area. These formal and informal observations are resulting in an even better understanding of the Willow Creek AVA grape growing potential.

Physical Description

Willow Creek wine growing region is California's northern most designated American Viticulture Area (AVA). The region lies in a narrow valley formed by the Trinity River and although it is only 25 miles from the Pacific it still enjoys an abundance of sunlight and heat. The AVA was established in the 1970s by two area school teachers with small vineyards located in the Willow Creek Valley, Ed Oliviera and Dean Williams.

Geography: The region is very rugged and mountainous with the cold crystal clear
waters of the Trinity River rushing literally through the middle of the AVA. The valley floor is generally 400 — 500 feet above sea level surrounded by 4000 foot mountains. The AVA which runs from a point a few miles east of the town of Willow Creek and follows the river to a point a few miles southwest of town and is inclusive of the valley floor and surrounding slopes to an elevation of 1000 feet. The Trinity connects to the Klamath River several miles downstream from the AVA where the Klamath continues to the ocean. This long corridor to the cold ocean waters eventually leads to evening
temperature drops of as much as 50 degrees.

Soil: Soils are typically very rocky with little clay content. Rocks, sand and a loose loam cover most of the land. Parent rock is ocean shale piled up from the continuous action of the Pacific plate diving under the North American plate and pushing marine deposits in front of the subduction zone. These soils are all well drained and vines must send their roots deep to avoid summer drought.
Climate: The growing season tends to be hot and dry with daytime temperatures mainly in the 90's reaching the 100's for week long stretches. Afternoon breezes coming up the rivers from the coast begin a dramatic daily cool down dropping temperatures as much as
50 degrees. Rainfall during the winter can be as much as 70 inches and temperatures do fall well below freezing.

Vineyards and Wineries: There are only 6 small commercial vineyards in the AVA
ranging in size from 2 acres to 20; Miles Garrett Vineyard, Dogwood Estates (under new ownership), Sentinel Vineyard, The Dragon Vineyard, Neukom Family Farms Vineyard and Sun Valley Vineyards. Of these 6 vineyards only 1 of them has a winery located in the Willow Creek AVA and that is Miles Garrett Vineyard. A diverse variety of wine grapes are being grown with varied success. Grape varieties grown include: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, and Zinfandel for the reds. The white wine grapes include Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Semillon, and Chenin Blanc.

See also
 California wine
 Miles Garrett Wines

References

American Viticultural Areas
American Viticultural Areas of California
Geography of Humboldt County, California
Geography of Trinity County, California
1983 establishments in California


Odilon Marc Lannelongue (4 December 1840 – 22 December 1911) was a French surgeon who was a native of Castéra-Verduzan.

In 1867 he earned his medical doctorate at Paris, where he was a student of Charles-Pierre Denonvilliers (1808–1872) and Auguste Nélaton (1807–1873). In 1883 he became a professor at the Faculté de Médecine de Paris, and in 1895 became a member of the Academy of Sciences. Later in life he became interested in politics, being chosen as senator from the department of Gers in 1906.

Lannelongue is remembered for his work involving bone diseases, especially osteomyelitis and bone tuberculosis. In 1892 he performed the first craniectomy for craniosynostosis, an operation that involved correction of a sagittal synostosis. He is also credited for introducing a method of treatment for synovial tuberculosis through the use of chloride of zinc injections.

In 1911 he founded the Médaille internationale de chirurgie (Foundation Lannelongue) in memory of his wife, Marie Lannelongue (née Cibiel), who served as a nurse during the Franco-Prussian War. This award is issued every five years by the Académie nationale de chirurgie (National Academy of Surgery). During his medical career, Lannelongue had several famous persons as patients, such as Léon Gambetta, Sarah Bernhardt and Félix Faure.

Associated eponyms
 Lannelongue's foramina: Also known as foramina venarum minimarum, which are foramina of the smallest veins of the heart.
 Lannelongue's ligaments: Also known as sternopericardiac ligaments.

References
 This article is partially based on a translation of an equivalent article at the French Wikipedia.
 Odilon Marc Lannelongue @ Who Named It

External links

1840 births
1911 deaths
People from Gers
Independent Radical politicians
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of Parliament for Gers
French senators of the Third Republic
Senators of Gers
French surgeons
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Commanders of the Legion of Honour


Live From Gdańsk (Koncert w Stoczni) (pol. "Shipyard Concert", referring to Gdańsk Shipyard) is a live album by Jean-Michel Jarre, released in 2005, exclusively in Poland. It contains selected songs performed during Jarre's Space of Freedom concert in Gdańsk, Poland, on 26 August 2005, commemorating twenty-five years of the Solidarity movement.

Jean-Michel Jarre performed together with Polish Baltic Philharmonic and Gdańsk University Choir.

Apart from his own works, the album also features Jarre's electronic-style interpretation of Polish protest song "Mury", written by Jacek Kaczmarski in 1978, to the melody of "L'estaca" by Lluís Llach.

Cover art
Cover art features shipyard cranes in the foreground, then a photograph of Gdańsk Shipyard workers, and wooden tablets of 21 demands of MKS in the background.

Critical reception
Fans complained about the length of the album, which contains only nine out of twenty-four songs performed during the event. In their review, Polish magazine Teraz Rock described this release as "undoubtedly too short".

Track listing (DVD)
Note: Jean-Michel Jarre has a long practice of changing the names of his songs when performing them live (see the list of Jean-Michel Jarre compositions with multiple titles for details). In such case, original name is indicated below the new one.

Solidarność Live
 "Shipyard Overture"
 original title: "Industrial Revolution Overture"
 "Suite for Flute"
 "Oxygene 2"
 "Tribute To Chopin"
 "Aero"
 "Oxygene 4"
 "Souvenir"
 original title: "Souvenir of China"
 "Space of Freedom"
 original title: "March 23"
 "Theremin Memories"
 "Chronologie 2"
 "Mury"
 "Chronologie 6"
 "Oxygene 8"
 "Light My Sky"
 original title: "Tout Est Bleu"
 "Tribute to Jean Paul II"
 original title: "Acropolis"
 "Rendez-Vous 2"
 "Vivaldi: Summer – Presto"
 "Oxygene 12"
 "Rendez-Vous 4"
 "Solidarnosc Tonight"
 original title: "Oxygene 13"
 "Aerology (Remix)"

Track listing (CD)
 "Shipyard Overture" – 4:59
 original title: "Industrial Revolution: Overture"
 "Oxygene 4" – 4:21
 "Mury" – 5:49
 "Space of Freedom" – 5:01
 original title:  "March 23"
 "Oxygene 8" – 4:45
 "Light My Sky" – 4:51
 original title: "Tout Est Bleu"
 "Tribute to John Paul II" – 6:24
 original title: "Akropolis"
 "Rendez-vous 4" – 6:20
 "Aerology Remix" – 5:15

Personnel
 Jean-Michel Jarre – keyboards, mixing desk, laser harp, theremin, vocals
 Francis Rimbert – keyboards, electronic percussions
 Claude Samard – keyboards, guitars, musical coordinator
 Polish Baltic Philharmonic
 Gdańsk University Choir
 Michal Nesterowicz – conductor

Certification and sales

References

Jean-Michel Jarre live albums
2005 live albums


The Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC) is one of several United States Department of Defense (DoD) sponsored Information Analysis Centers (IACs), administered by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). CPIAC is the oldest IAC, having been in continuous operation since 1946 when it was founded as the Rocket Propellant Information Agency as part of the Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory. Currently CPIAC is operated by The Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering. IACs are part of the DoD’s Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) prescribed by DoD Directive 3200.12 and are chartered under DoD Instruction 3200.14-E5.

CPIAC is the U.S. national clearinghouse and technical resource center for data, reports, and analyses related to system and component level technologies for chemical, electrical, and nuclear propulsion for rockets, missiles, and space and gun propulsion systems. CPIAC also provides technical and administrative support to the Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) Interagency Propulsion Committee, the primary technical information exchange platform for the U.S. propulsion industry.

In addition to maintaining the most comprehensive propulsion-related scientific and technical reports collection in the world, CPIAC maintains a number of industry handbooks, manuals, databases, and its signature Propulsion Information Retrieval System (PIRS). This extensive information collection represents the documented national knowledge base in chemical rocket propulsion and is available for dissemination to eligible individuals and organizations.

As a knowledgeable and objective participant in supporting industry research and development, CPIAC assists sponsors in maximizing increasingly limited research and development funding by focusing on key propulsion system technology needs through workshops, symposia, technical assessments, and surveys. CPIAC also performs research in support of its publication of a series of recurrent technology reviews and state-of-the-art reports in selected technical areas.

History of CPIAC

The rapid technological advances of the U.S. rocket industry during World War II, accomplished primarily through the wartime Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) and its cadre of leading scientists, produced a substantial foundation of technical reports and data on solid rockets, propellants, and ballistics. Following deactivation of the OSRD in 1945, several of these early scientists accepted positions at the fledgling Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and were subsequently appointed by Commander (later Admiral) Levering Smith to serve on the post-war Navy Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd) Propellant and Ignition Advisory Group. In April 1946, at the suggestion of Dr. Ralph E. Gibson (later to become the second director of APL), the group recommended the establishment of “a rocket intelligence agency with one main responsibility—that of promoting rapid circulation of technical information to all activities concerned.” Armed with $20,000 in BuOrd funding, APL established the initial Rocket Propellant Information Agency (RPIA) on 3 December 1946 to consolidate, organize, and catalog the inventory of wartime reports.

In 1948, the addition of Army sponsorship and accompanying expansion of agency scope into gun propellants prompted a name change to the Solid Propellant Information Agency (SPIA). SPIA subsequently assumed responsibility for organizing and publishing the proceedings of the Joint Army-Navy and Interagency Solid Propellant Group Meetings, which later evolved into the JANNAF Propulsion Meeting. The previously sporadic industry technical exchange meetings were now formalized and conducted on a regular basis. The Air Force and NASA joined in sponsorship of SPIA in 1951 and 1959, respectively. With the establishment of NASA and increased activity in liquid-fueled rockets, missiles, and space vehicles, the Navy established the companion Liquid Propellant Information Agency (LPIA) at APL in 1958. On December 1, 1962, the SPIA and LPIA combined operations to form the Chemical Propulsion Information Agency. At the same time, CPIAC’s scope was expanded to include airbreathing, electrical, nuclear, and gun propulsion. The Interagency Chemical Rocket Propulsion Group (ICRPG), predecessor of the current JANNAF Interagency Propulsion Committee, was also chartered that year.

In 1964, CPIAC became a DoD Information Analysis Center under the Naval Sea Systems Command. In 1980, the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) assumed administrative oversight of CPIAC, and in 1990, the operation of CPIAC was transferred from APL to The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering. While CPIAC’s core functions have expanded significantly over the years, its founding mission of report collection activities has continued uninterrupted to date, making CPIAC the custodian of the most comprehensive chemical propulsion scientific and technical reports collection in the world.

References

Defense Technical Information Center
Rocketry
1946 establishments in Maryland
Johns Hopkins University


Pooley Sword is a traditional cutler and provider of swords, dirks and lances to the British armed forces and also to many Commonwealth and other overseas defence forces. Following the August 2005 closure of Wilkinson Sword's Acton works, Robert Pooley, who had been commissioning swords from Wilkinson’s since 1964, purchased many of the company's drawings, product records, spares, and much of their tooling, including both heavy and light machinery, some dating back to the late 19th century.

Sheffield workshops
Fundamental processes, including casting and blade manufacture, take place at the Sheffield workshops.  Blanks are cut from hardened and tempered sheet steel, then ground to shape. Fullering of the blade is followed by polishing. Work in precious metals is carried out in Shoreham as well as in Sheffield.

Shoreham workshops
Craftsmen further polish, silk screen, and acid-etch the blades to traditional standards. Chasing and coin-metal plating are performed at this stage. Strike and bend testing are followed by several stages of inspection before the sword is despatched. The process typically requires six to eight weeks.

Historical services
The firm also offers refurbishment services on military and antique swords, dirks and lances of historical or sentimental value.

Swords of Honour
Swords of Honour are awarded by a number of military colleges and academies to the outstanding cadet of his or her class. Having formerly been supplied by Wilkinson Sword, Swords of Honour currently supplied by Pooley Sword include those for:

 The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
 The Duke of Westminster's Sword – Army Reserves
 Royal Air Force College Cranwell
 Britannia Royal Naval College – The Queen's Sword
 Commando Training Centre Royal Marines
 Royal Military College, Duntroon – Australia
 Royal Australian Naval College – HMAS Creswell
 Royal Military College Saint-Jean – Canada
 Royal New Zealand Air Force College
 New Zealand Army College
 Royal New Zealand Navy College
 Christ's Hospital School
 Australian Defence Force Academy

Materials
Materials used in sword production must meet or exceed MOD specification. Blades are made from high carbon steel.  The guards and back plates are made from forged mild steel and hand embellished before nickel-plating.  The guards for the RAF and Royal Navy Swords are cast in brass, chased and then gold-plated.

Grips historically made of shark skin are now made with that of rays, related fish species under less threat. The Brown Leather Service Scabbards are hand stitched pigskin.

Bespoke swords
While ceremonial swords are typically crafted to long-standing MOD or regimental specification, a library of historic design elements, including military drawings, patterns and badges of regiments throughout the Commonwealth is also held. The company services private customers, incorporating family crests, mottos or novel blade designs such as Arabic swords and English Mamelukes. It creates bespoke presentation swords for overseas national and military commemorations.

See also
Sword making
Forging
Wilkinson Sword

External links

87-year-old shares secrets of making UK military swords, YouTube video about Pooley Sword by Forces News, British Forces Broadcasting Service, October 2022.

Swordsmiths
Manufacturing companies established in 2005
British companies established in 2005


Shdema () is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located near Gedera in the coastal plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gederot Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

History
The moshav was founded in 1954 to absorb immigrants to Israel from Iran, on the lands of the depopulated Palestinian village of Bashshit. After the group refused to live there, it was populated by urban residents who chose to live an agricultural cooperative lifestyle and arrived as part of the movement "from city to village."

The word "Shdema", which appears infrequently in the Hebrew Bible, means "field of produce". The original name was "Yefe Nof" ().

Notable residents
Avihu Ben-Nun

References

Iranian-Jewish culture in Israel
Moshavim
Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Populated places established in 1954
1954 establishments in Israel
Agricultural Union


Founded in 1990, the Information Security Group (ISG) is an academic department focusing on Information and Cyber Security within the Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics School (EPMS) at Royal Holloway, University of London. It has around 25 established academic posts, 7 visiting Professors or Fellows and over 90 research students.  The Founder Director of the ISG was Professor Fred Piper, and the current director is Professor Chris Mitchell.  Previous directors include Professors Peter Komisarczuk, Keith Martin, Keith Mayes and Peter Wild.

In 1998 the ISG was awarded a Queen's Anniversary Prize in recognition of its work in the field of information security. It has also been awarded the status of Academic Centre of Excellence in Cyber Security Research (ACE-CSR) and hosts a Centre for Doctoral Training in cyber security.

In 1992, the ISG introduced an MSc in information security, being the first university in the world to offer a postgraduate course in the subject. In 2014 this course received full certification from GCHQ. In 2017 it won the award for the Best Cyber Security Education Programme at SC Awards Europe 2017  and in 2021 it was awarded gold status by the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC).

Research topics addressed by the ISG include: the design and evaluation of cryptographic algorithms, protocols and key management; provable security; smart cards; RFID; electronic commerce; security management; mobile telecommunications security; authentication and identity management; cyber-physical systems; embedded security; Internet of Things (IoT);  and human related aspects of cyber security. The current director of Research is Professor Stephen Wolthusen.

The ISG includes the Smart Card and IoT Security Centre (previously named Smart Card Centre, SCC) that was founded in October 2002 by Royal Holloway, Vodafone and Giesecke & Devrient, for training and research in the field of Smart cards, applications and related technologies: its research topics include RFID, Near Field Communication (NFC), mobile devices, IoT, and general embedded/implementation system security. In 2008, the SCC was commissioned to perform a counter expertise review of the OV-chipkaart by the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. The SCC has received support from a number of industrial partners, such as Orange Labs (UK), the UK Cards Association, Transport for London and ITSO. The current director of the Smart Card and IoT Security Centre is Dr. Konstantinos Markantonakis.

The ISG also includes a Systems Security Research Lab (S2Lab), which was created in 2014, to investigate how to protect systems from software related threats, such as malware and botnets. The research in the lab covers many different Computer Science-related topics, such as operating systems, computer architecture, program analysis, and machine learning. The current Lab Leader is Dr. Lorenzo Cavallaro.

Current and former associated academics include Whitfield Diffie, Kenny Paterson, David Naccache, Michael Walker, Sean Murphy and Igor Muttik.

Royal Holloway's Information Security Group has been mentioned in popular media, most notably in the New York Times bestseller The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown.

References

External links
 Information Security Group website
 Smart Card Centre website
 Systems Security Research Lab website
Royal Holloway, University of London website

Royal Holloway, University of London


Khalid Abdullah Almolhem (; born 1957) is a Saudi Arabian businessman.

Biography
Khalid Abdullah Almolhem completed two degrees from the University of Evansville in Indiana in 1980; one in electrical engineering and the other in engineering management. Almolhem began his career in 1981 as an engineer with the Royal Saudi Air Force; after that he was a team leader in Saudi Industrial Fund from 1983 till 1988.

Business career
Following five years as president of Saudi Telecom Company, Almolhem was appointed as Director General of Saudia, one of the biggest carriers in the Middle East and the flag carrier in Saudi Arabia. Since then, he has carried the airline through the privatisation process and has overseen a significant leap in performance and service quality. He was behind the historic moment when Saudia joined the SkyTeam alliance of airlines, Saudia is the alliance’s first member from the Middle East and will offer access to destinations that were not previously available to SkyTeam customers.
During his tenure at STC, he successfully completed the privatization process of the company, which is the largest IPO in Saudi Arabian history. STC now considered to be as the largest Telecom company in the Middle East and one of the tenth largest Telecom companies in the world.

He joined Saudi British Bank from 1989 to 1997, he held various positions at the bank such as Senior Manager Retail Banking, Area General Manager, Central Province Manager and Executive Director Investment Banking. From 1997 to 1998 he held the Chief Executive Officer position at Al Marai Company, which is one of the largest integrated Dairy and Food Company in the GCC. He Joined Saudi Telecom Company since it was established in 1998, he was the Chief Financial officer till 2001 then became the President till 2006.

He attended numerous training courses, including a full year training course in banking and credit at Chase Manhattan Bank in 1984; Advanced Management Course for Executives at Harvard University; and various training courses in management and marketing from international universities.

 Board Member of the Saudi British Bank from May 1996 till to date
 Board Member of Saudi White Cement Company / Riyadh Cement Company till to date
 Board Member of the National Company for Cooperative Insurance from 2000 to 2003
 Board Member of HSBC Investment Bank since 2004 till 2007
 Board Member of the Aseer Holding Company since 2006 till 2010
 Board Member of King Abdullah Economic City
 Chairman of Saudia Catering
 Chairman of Saudia Cargo
 Chairman of Saudia Ground Handling Services

Arrest

On 4 November 2017, Khalid Abdullah Almolhem was arrested in Saudi Arabia in a "corruption crackdown" conducted by a new royal anti-corruption committee. This was done on authority of Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman.

References

21st-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
Saudia
Living people
1957 births


Poletti is an Italian and Swiss surname.  Holders include (alphabetically):

Alberto José Poletti (born 1946), Argentine retired footballer
Bérengère Poletti (born 1959), French politician
Charles Poletti (1903–2002), American politician
Fabrizio Poletti (born 1943), Italian footballer
Felix Poletti (born 1965), Swiss skeleton racer
Giuliano Poletti (born 1951), Italian politician
Ignacio Poletti (born 1930), Argentine former basketball player
Kurt Poletti (born 1960), Swiss bobsledder
Lee Poletti (born 1948), former Australia lawn bowls international
Lina Poletti (1885–1971), Italian feminist
Luigi Poletti (mathematician) (1864–1967), Italian poet and mathematician
Luigi Poletti (architect) (1792–1869), Italian architect
Roberto Poletti (born 1971), Italian journalist and politician
Syria Poletti (1917–1991), Italo-Argentine writer
Ugo Poletti (1914–1997), Italian cardinal

Surnames
Italian-language surnames


Milton High School is a high school in Milton, northwest Fulton County, Georgia, United States.

History
Milton High School opened in 1921 in Alpharetta, Georgia, providing grades one to eleven for all of Milton County. In the 1950s, an elementary school was built, with Milton High School then providing only grades eight through twelve. In the 1980s, the school became Fulton County's first comprehensive high school. The school was named a School of Excellence in the 1997–98 school year by the Georgia Department of Education, and an outstanding high school the following year by the U.S. News & World Report. A new campus, using the academy model, was opened in Milton in 2005, starting with freshmen only the first year. Milton High School no longer offers grade eight.

Activities
Milton High School competes in Class A, Region 5 of the Georgia High School Association.

State sports championships
Baseball:1955, 2004, 2013
Basketball (boys'): 2010, 2012, 2021
Cheerleading (coed): 2017
Cross Country (boys'): 2017
Football: 2018
Golf (boys'): 2012
Golf (girls'): 2012
Gymnastics: 1990, 1991, 1998, 1999
Lacrosse (boys'): 2010, 2012
Lacrosse (girls'): 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021
Soccer (girls'): 2012
Tennis (boys'): 1985 (tied), 2003
Tennis (girls'): 1980 (three-way tie), 1983 (tie), 1985 (three-way tie)
Wrestling: 1978

State activity championships
Debate: 2001, 2002, 2009
One Act Play: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2021-22

Notable alumni
 Peyton Barber (class of 2013) – National Football League (NFL) running back
 Dylan Cease – Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher
 John Dewberry – Georgia Tech quarterback and Atlanta real estate developer
 Kyle Farnsworth (class of 1994) – Major League Baseball player
 Dexter Fowler (class of 2004) – Major League Baseball player
McKenzie Kurtz – Broadway actress
 Carl Lawson (class of 2013) – New York Jets outside linebacker
 Bryan Nesbitt (class of 1987) – automobile designer
 Daniel Pope (class of 1994) – former punter in the National Football League; played for Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, New York Jets, with his longest NFL punt being 64 yards
 Danyelle Sargent (class of 1995) – Fox News sports reporter
 Bobby Scales (class of 1995) – Major League Baseball player
 Shannon Scott (class of 2011) – Ohio State / Toronto Raptors basketball
 Michael Waldron (class of 2006) – screenwriter and producer known for his work on Rick and Morty, Loki (TV series), Heels (TV series), and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness

References

Public high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1921
Schools in Fulton County, Georgia
1921 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)