Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara (1390–1450), also known as Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, was a Galician writer and poet, considered the last poet of the Galician school.

Born in Padrón, he was born to a hidalgo family. He may have served as a page to Juan II of Castile, and may have attended the Council of Florence in 1434 as secretary to the cardinal Juan de Cervantes, a respected jurist and a friend of Pero Tafur.

He was exiled for reasons not completely known, but may have been connected with an illicit romance at court; Rodríguez's indiscreet revelations to a talkative friend apparently led to a romantic breach of some kind with a noble lady. James Fitzmaurice-Kelly writes that "the conjectures that make Rodríguez the lover of Juan II's wife, Isabel, or of Enrique IV's wife, Juana, are destroyed by chronology.  None the less it is certain that the writer was concerned in some mysterious, dangerous love-affair which led to his exile, and some believe, to his profession as a Franciscan friar.” He became a Franciscan at Jerusalem in 1441 and gave up many of his profitable and numerous benefices. He returned to Spain and entered into the Franciscan monastery of San Antonio de Herbón, situated in a village near Padrón. He died at San Antonio de Herbón. A probably apocryphal tale of Rodríguez's life, by an anonymous writer of the 16th century, states that the poet went to France, became the lover of the French queen, and was killed near Calais after trying to escape to England.

Works

His works include a sentimental, semi-chivalresque romance called Siervo libre de amor (1439), the moralistic treatise Cadira de Honor (1440), and another sentimental romance called Triunfo de las donas (1445), the latter of which includes 40 feminist arguments meant to counter the misogyny of the work known as the Corbacho, by Alfonso Martinez de Toledo. Rodríguez's work presents arguments for the superiority of women to men.

Some additional romances are attributed to him; these include Conde Arnaldos and Rosa florida. Also attributed to him is the Bursario, a partial translation of Ovid's Heroides.

Rodríguez is best known for his poems. He is represented in the Cancionero de Baena by a single cántica. Of the seventeen of his surviving songs, sixteen are erotically-themed, like those written by his countryman Macías. One, however, the "Flama del divino Rayo", concerns his spiritual conversion.

Notable family members

Gonzalo de la Cámara -  a knight had his coat of arms displayed in Andalusian in the city of Baeza in 1227. King Ferdinand III of Castile had ordered by Royal Decree, ordered that the coat of arms of the knights who were with him in the battle, be displayed in the city, one of them belonging to Don Gonzalo de la Cámara.
Gómez Ruiz de la Cámara - in 1393 was given the title Knight of the Chambers by King Henry III of Castile. The king married him to an English lady in waiting of Queen consort Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster.
Alfonso Ruiz de la Cámara -  a Spanish nobleman, was knighted Order of the Golden Spur (Spanish: Caballero de Espuelas Doradas)  15 of August,1487 by Ferdinand II of Aragón, king of Castile, Naples and Navarre. He was given a record of nobility, confirmation of Caballero de Espuelas Doradas, and a letter of privileges by the Queen Joanna of Castile on 23 April, 1506.
 Gómez Fernández de la Cámara - King John II of Castile gave Gómez Fernández de la Cámara the titles of Secretary and Royal Scribe and Royal Notary of the Court by Royal Decree the 9 of March, 1453.
 Juan de la Cámara (1525-1602) - Spanish Conquistador and hidalgo was born in Alcala de Henares Spain. He arrived in New Spain current day Mexico from Spain in 1539, joining the Spanish Conquest of Yucatán in 1541, and was one of the founders of Bacalar and Mérida, both in the Yucatán Peninsula.

See also
Spanish poetry

References

Sources
Obras Ed. Antonio Paz y Meliá. Madrid, 1884.
Obras, ed. de César Hernández Alonso. Madrid: Ed. Nacional, 1982.
Siervo libre de amor; edición introducción y notas de Antonio Prieto. Madrid: Castalia, 1976.
Vicente Beltrán Pepió, "Los Gozos de amor de Juan Rodríguez del Padrón: edición crítica" en Studia in honoren Germán Orduna, 2001.

External links
 Edición el línea del Siervo libre de Amor
 Obras del autor en la Biblioteca Virtual Cervantes
 Portal consagrado a Juan Rodríguez del Padrón

1390 births
1450 deaths
People from the Province of A Coruña
Galician poets
Spanish Franciscans
15th-century Spanish writers
15th-century Spanish poets


Ouvrage Métrich located in the village of Kœnigsmacker in Moselle, comprises part of the Elzange portion of the Fortified Sector of Thionville of the Maginot Line. A gros ouvrage, it is the third largest of the Line, after  Hackenberg and Hochwald. It lies between petit ouvrage Sentzich and gros ouvrage Billig, facing Germany. Located to the east of the Moselle, it cooperated with Ouvrage Galgenberg to control the river valley.

Design and construction
Métrich was approved for construction by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in November 1930 and became operational by 1935, at a cost of 127 million francs. The contractor was Construction Générale.

Description
Métrich is a typical large Maginot gros ouvrage with separate ammunition and personnel entry blocks. It has a particularly heavy artillery component, with seven 75 mm guns, two 135 mm guns and four 81 mm mortars, making it the third most heavily armed unit in the Maginot Line.  More than  of underground galleries connect the entries to the farthest blocks 4 and 5, at an average depth of . An "M1" magazine, arranged with a horseshoe-shaped perimeter gallery connected by cross galleries between the legs, is located close to the ammunition entrance, while the underground barracks and utility areas are just inside the personnel entry. The gallery system was served by a narrow gauge (60 cm) railway that continued out the ammunition entry and connected to a regional military railway system for the movement of materiel along the front a few kilometres to the rear. Several "stations" along the gallery system, located in wider sections of the gallery, permitted trains to pass or be stored. Several 60 cm wagons, which had remained at Métrich, were recovered in 1983 and were moved to the Maginot museum at Ouvrage Schoenenbourg.

Ouvrage Métrich comprises two entries and ten combat blocks:
Ammunition entry: at-grade, one machine gun/37 mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC37), one machine gun embrasure (JM), and two automatic rifle cloches (GFM).
Personnel entry: gently descending from the entry, one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure, and two GFM cloches.
Block 1: Artillery block flanking to the north with three 75 mm gun embrasures and two GFM cloches.
Block 3: Infantry block flanking to the north with one machine gun turret, one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure and one GFM cloche
Block 4: Infantry block with one machine gun turret
Block 5: Artillery block with one 81 mm mortar turret and two GFM cloches
Block 7: Observation block with one GFM cloche and one VDP periscope cloche.
Block 8: Mixed block with one 75 mm gun turret, one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure and two GFM cloches
Block 10: Artillery block with one 75 mm gun terret and one grenade launcher turret (LG).
Block 11: Artillery block with one 135 mm gun turret, one grenade launcher turret and one GFM cloche.
Block 14: Observation block with two GFM cloches and one periscope cloche (VDP).
Block 15: Artillery block with two 81 mm mortar embrasures and two GFM cloches.

Due to the depth of the main galleries under the height of the Métrich Hill, blocks 8 and 11 are linked by a gallery at an intermediate level, containing an "M2" magazine. An intermediate level under Block 7 contains the command post.

Casemates and shelters
Métrich was associated with a number of smaller fortifications. These included:
Casemate  de Koenigsmacker Nord: one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure, one GFM cloche
Casemate de Koenigsmacker Sud: one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure, one GFM cloche
Casemate de Métrich Nord: one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure, one GFM cloche
Casemate de Métrich Sud: one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure, one GFM cloche
Abri du Krekelbusch: buried infantry shelter for two sections, with one GFM cloche
Abri Sud de Métrich: buried infantry shelter for one section, with two GFM cloches
Abri du Nonnenberg: buried infantry shelter for one section, with two GFM cloches
Abri du Nord-du-Bichel: surface infantry shelter for one section, with two GFM cloches
Casemate du Bois-de-Koenigsmacker: one JM/AC37 embrasure, one JM embrasure, two GFM cloches
Abri du Sud-du-Bichel: surface infantry shelter for one section, with two GFM cloches, in the process of restoration.

None of these are connected to the ouvrage or to each other. All were built by CORF.

Manning
The ouvrage was manned by 795 men and 26 officers under the command of Commandant Lauga. The Casernement d'Elzange provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Bois-Karre and other ouvrages in the area.

History

See Fortified Sector of Thionville for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Thionville sector of the Maginot Line.
The principal mission of the ouvrage was to cover the east side of the Moselle Valley. In 1940 German forces largely bypassed the Moselle, enveloping Thionville from the rear.  Métrich and other ouvrages in the Thionville sector therefore surrendered after the Second Armistice at Compiègne of 22 June. During the Occupation support areas of the ouvrage were transformed by German occupiers into offices and manufacturing facilities. Some of the combat blocks were used by the Germans for testing of explosives. In 1944 Métrich was held by the  74th Volksgrenadier Regiment of the 19th Volksgrenadier Division. Métrich was attacked on 10 November 1944 by the U.S. 90th Infantry Division advancing around the north side of Thionville. After an initial retreat, German resistance was strong. A second, cautious assault was launched on the 11th, and when the ouvrage had been surrounded the main force bypassed the position, leaving a holding force to clear the German defences, where resistance ended on the 12th.

Following the war, the Maginot Line was viewed as a means of slowing an advance by Warsaw Pact forces and most of the north-eastern positions were renovated and rearmed.  The renovations did not include the command post or the barracks.   However, the program was abandoned, and after a period of routine maintenance, Métrich's status was lowered to inactive reserve, and finally abandoned.

Current condition
Métrich has been stripped of all materials by salvagers and vandals. The ouvrage is in a state of advanced dilapidation, primarily because the soil is composed of gypsum, causing the destruction of the floors and walls of the galleries.  Magazine M1 was used for the cultivation of mushrooms in 1986-87. The entries and blocks with embrasures have been covered with rubble by the Army.

The Abri du Sud-du-Bichel is under restoration by the Association mémoire des intervalles de la Ligne Maginot.

 See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

 Notes

 References

 Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E. , Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Bichel-Sud, showing restoration work on the abri''
 Métrich at fortiff.be
 Ouvrage de Métrich at wikimaginot.eu
Gros ouvrage de Metrich at lignemaginot.com
 Gros ouvrage de Métrich at mablehome.com
 L'ouvrage de Métrich at alsacemaginot.com

METR
Maginot Line


ETA's 2006 "permanent ceasefire" was the period spanning between 24 March and 30 December 2006 during which, following an ETA communiqué, the Spanish government, led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero on one side, and the militant group on the other, engaged in talks as a means to agree on a formula to voluntarily disband the latter. It was terminated as a result of the 2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing.

Background and declaration

At the time of ETA's declaration, the most recent to date of its killings had been committed on 30 May 2003, whereas its last proven assassination attempt occurred on 17 February 2005. ETA had been briefly blamed for the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, but it soon became clear that the attack was the work of radical Islamists. For the next two years, there had been some conjecture whether ETA was refraining from their previous level of violence out of weakness, out of a change of heart or tactics, or because the 11 March attacks had undercut support for violent political tactics.

On 22 March 2006 ETA sent a DVD message to the Basque Network Euskal Irrati-Telebista and the journals Gara and Berria with a communiqué from the organization announcing what it called a "permanent ceasefire" that was broadcast over Spanish TV. According to the spokeswoman for the organisation, the "ceasefire" would begin on Friday 24 March. In their communiqué, they stated that the French and Spanish governments should cooperate and respond positively to this new situation. On 23 March, Gara published an extended version of the communiqué. The calculated ambiguity of the term "permanent" (which was a novelty when compared to previous "ceasefire" declarations) was widely discussed by most observers, even though it was mostly regarded as a positive sign of ETA's will to quit its violent activities.

Reactions to the declaration

Most political parties welcomed the news of a ceasefire on the part of ETA. The government (under the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) administration) displayed an optimistic and hopeful response to the announcement, although in official statements president Zapatero called for "prudence".

PP: The People's Party (headed by Mariano Rajoy) showed pessimism with regards to this announcement and claimed that it was only a pause for ETA, probably in the same fashion as the previous truce (declared by ETA in 1998, under president Aznar's administration). Rajoy called on the government to continue "fighting terrorism" and reject negotiations.

Basque Government: Juan José Ibarretxe called for the establishment of a negotiation table "without exclusions" (i.e. involving all the concerned political sectors, i.e., Batasuna, which is currently illegal).

Batasuna's position evolved from a cautious optimism into increasingly serious warnings against what they considered "a lack of resolve on the part of the Spanish government" and what they believed was "a will not to solve the conflict but to erode the Nationalist Left". The harshest of such warnings was issued on 5 December 2005, when they gave a press conference denouncing "continued repression" (in reference to the detentions of ETA members by the police) and warning that the peace process could "hardly continue in such conditions". After the Barajas bombing, Batasuna remained the only political party that considered that the "ceasefire" was still viable. An ETA communiqué released soon after the Barajas bombings stated the terrorist group's apparent will to continue negotiations. Five months later, on 5 June 2007, ETA released a statement affirming it considered the "ceasefire" to be over, warning attacks would be resumed at midnight that same day.

The 2006–2007 ETA "ceasefire" was a period of heightened political tension in Spain. The strategic interests of the concerned political parties and the mutual recriminations between Spanish politicians of acting with hidden agendas were often at the forefront of the discussions.

Negotiations and incidents during the "ceasefire"

On 23 September 2006 masked and armed ETA members took part in a political act in Aritxulegi (Gipuzkoa) and declared that the organization will "keep taking up arms" until achieving "independence and socialism in the Basque country". The militant claimed that "the fight is not a thing of the past. It is the present and the future". The statement was regarded by some as intended to put pressure on the talks with the Spanish government, which were announced on 17 September, and by some other analysts as a declaration of ETA's ultimate intentions, making clear that the organization will not disarm until every single one of their goals have been completely achieved. Spanish president José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero stressed in the Spanish Parliament that the Spanish Government would still keep its offer for talks despite the militant's statement.

In June, Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero announced that his government would begin negotiations with the ETA.

On 24 October 2006 a suspected ETA cell stole some 300 handguns, ammunition and spare parts in France.

On 4 November 2006 Gara newspaper published excerpts of ETA's bulletin Zutabe no.111, in which the organization pondered that "if the Spanish government doesn't fulfill its compromises and there are no visible steps, the peace process will be broken". ETA also announced that they would "make a renewed effort towards the negotiations with the Spanish government". ETA "laments that in the time elapsed since the March declaration of ceasefire (…) precious time has been wasted". They demanded from Spanish president, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero "to give a positive answer" to two central issues: (1) "to the specific demand of the fulfilment of the commitments he adopted on leaving aside repression and ceasing attacks" and (2) "he will have to commit clearly to respect the will for an [independence] process in Euskal Herria, that is: the will of Basque citizens".

On 14 November, the Socialist Party admitted that the peace process was fraught with problems. Batasuna's staunch refusal to condemn terrorism did not help. Also, the hunger strike of ETA activist Iñaki de Juana Chaos led to Kale Borroka actions by some youths liked to the abertzale left. On 14 December, Batasuna's Pernando Barrena said that the peace process was "going nowhere". He accused the Socialist Party of making excessive demands to Batasuna.

End of "ceasefire"

On 30 December 2006, at 9:00 in the morning, after three confusing warning calls, ETA detonated a van bomb in a parking building at the Madrid Barajas international airport. The explosion caused the collapse of the building and killed two Ecuadorian immigrants who were napping inside their cars in the parking building. At 6:00 P.M., José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero released a statement informing that the "peace process" had been discontinued.

In November 2006 ETA warned the Spanish government that the so-called "peace process" was "in crisis." The concessions sought by ETA and its political supporters (which included the relocation of ETA inmates from jails all over Spain to penitentiaries located in the Basque region and the halting of arrests and trials of ETA suspects) had not been attended.
It was reported that, before the attack, ETA reminded Rodríguez Zapatero about the 2004 Madrid train bombings (as a way to pressure the government with the possibility of an attack before upcoming elections), even though the source also states that ETA 'had nothing to do' with the attack itself.

On 4–5 January 2007, the Ertzaintza found a cache of 350 pounds of explosives in Atxondo (Biscay). Out of these, 220 pounds were ready for immediate use (only lacking a detonator).

On 9 January 2007, newspaper Gara published a letter on behalf of ETA, claiming responsibility for the 30 December 2006 bomb at Barajas airport in Madrid. ETA also claimed that the ceasefire was still in place despite the bombing. ETA extended their solidarity to the "collateral damage" (the two Ecuadorian immigrants killed by the explosion), assuring that the "objective of this armed action was not to cause victims" and blamed the government for the dead, in view of the alleged lack of diligence evacuating the building. They also accused the Government and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of creating obstacles for a democratic process.

Formal ending, subsequent ETA attacks and reactions

Despite the fact that all political parties and analysts in Spain -including those in the Basque country- and abroad considered the "ceasefire" ended with the Barajas bombing (accordingly, the negotiation tables were not resumed ever since that date) it was only weeks after, on 5 June 2007, that ETA released a communiqué through the Berria newspaper's web site formally announcing the end of the "permanent ceasefire" by midnight. ETA also announced that it would "act in all fronts in defence of Euskal Herria".

On 21 June 2007, Spanish police found 130 kg (285 pounds) of explosives in a car parked in the town of Ayamonte, near the Southern Portuguese border.  The cache was suspected to belong to ETA, stoking fears that attacks would be imminent after the group announced the end of the "permanent ceasefire" on 5 June 2007.

On 9 October 2007, ETA members placed a bomb under the car of the bodyguard of a PSE-EE (Socialist Party of the Basque Country) council member of Galdakao. The bodyguard, Juan Carlos Domingo Galíndez, was seriously injured.

On 1 December 2007, members of ETA shot dead two Spanish civil guards in Southern France. They are the first fatalities blamed on ETA in nearly a year. The two unarmed plainsclothes civil guard officers were in Capbreton, France, to meet with French police about joint operations against ETA, which traditionally uses France as a base for its attacks in Spain. The civil guards entered a cafe for their breakfast where three ETA suspects were by chance. The suspects recognized them and ambushed them on the parking, fleeing then in a car, later leaving it to commandeer a second car.

At the beginning of 2008, ETA said that it would base its calls for independence on the Kosovo status.

On 21 February 2008, two former ETA leaders, José Luis Álvarez Santacristina (previously responsible for ETA's political positions) and Kepa Pikabea (previously responsible for ETA's armed actions) both serving jail sentences at that time, released a joint note to the press stating that "ETA did not take into account the opinion of the majority of ETA inmates at the time of breaking the most recent truce" and that the "armed struggle is useless and an obstacle" for Basque nationalism. Days before the note was released, they had both been expelled from the ETA inmates collective.

References

External links

William A. Douglass, The unknown mediator in the Basque peace process of 2006

Basque politics
2006 in Spain
ETA (separatist group)
Ceasefires
2006 documents


The Diocese of Elbląg () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese located in the city of Elbląg in Poland. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Warmia.

History
The diocese was established on March 25, 1992, as the Diocese of Elbląg from the Diocese of Chelmno, Diocese of Gdańsk and Diocese of Warmia. According to the Catholic Church statistics, 28.4% of the population went to church once a week in 2013 which was the lowest rank ever since 1980.

Leadership
Bishops of Elbląg
 Bishop Jacek Jezierski (since 2014.06.08)
Bishop Jan Styrna (2003.08.02 – 2014.05.10)
Bishop Andrzej Śliwiński (1992.03.25 – 2003.08.02)

Special churches
 Former Cathedrals:
 Konkatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela w Kwidzynie, Kwidzyn
 Konkatedra św. Wojciecha, Prabuty

See also
Roman Catholicism in Poland

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
Roman Catholic Diocese of Elbląg
Christian organizations established in 1992
Roman Catholic Diocese of Elbląg
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century


Henrik Norrthon (born 23 November 1979) is a Swedish Director. He also studied cinematography at the London Film School.

His film Fjorton suger (Fourteen Sucks) was released in Swedish cinemas in 2004 and was screened internationally at Film Festivals like Berlin Film Festival, Hollywood Film Festival, Seattle International Film Festival. It won the Main Golden Slipper for Best Feature on Zlin international film festival 2005. His film Utan titel (I love Johan) won the 1km Film Award at the Stockholm Film Festival. In 2008, he will be releasing his new film, British drama Taximan, starring Branko Tomovic, Christina Noland and Marija Karan.

Filmography
Taximan
Fjorton suger
Utan titel (I love Johan)

External links

 Norrthon Film Norrthon Film

Living people
1979 births


The Archdiocese of Warmia (, ) is a Latin Church Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland.

The archbishop has his Cathedral archiepiscopal see: Bazylika Archikatedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP i św. Andrzeja Apostoła, in the town of Frombork, and a co-cathedral Bazylika Konkatedralna św. Jakuba Apostoła, in the city of Olsztyn. Both are minor basilicas, and the archdiocese has six more : Bazylika Najświętszego Zbawiciela i Wszystkich Świętych, in Dobre Miasto; Bazylika Narodzenia NMP, in Gietrzwałd; Bazylika Nawiedzenia NMP, in Matki Jedności; Bazylika Sanktuarium Matki Pokoju, in Stoczek Klasztorny; Bazylika św. Jerzego, in Kętrzyn and Bazylika św. Katarzyny, in Braniewo.

The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Andrew in Frombork is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

The current archbishop is Józef Górzyński, who was appointed by the Pope in 2016.

History
Founded as a diocese in the region of Warmia on 29 July 1243, it was one of the four bishoprics of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The first bishop Heinrich von Strateich never actually took his office. His successor Anselm of Meissen, officiating between 1250 and 1274, became the first bishop active in Warmia. In 1253, after Albert Suerbeer finally achieved his long disputed investiture with the newly elevated Archbishopric of Riga, Warmia - like a number of other Baltic dioceses - became Riga's suffragan. Warmia's first bishops were appointed by Polish and Teutonic Knights' officials and were mostly Germans, however, unlike the other Prussian bishoprics (Culm (Chełmno), Pomesania, and Samland (Sambia)), Warmia's diocesan chapter, established in 1260, maintained independence. Its members were not simultaneously members of the Teutonic Order, as was the case in the other Prussian chapters since the 1280s. Thus the chapter could repel influencing by outside powers.

In 1356 the Golden Bull of Emperor Charles IV designated the bishop as Prince-Bishop of Warmia, a rank not awarded to the other Prussian bishops with their dependent chapters. By the double function of prince-bishops they officiated as spiritual leader in the diocese and as secular prince in the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, a semi-independent state comprising about a third of the actual diocesan territory, first as part of Teutonic Prussia.

In February 1440 the nobility of Warmia and the town of Braniewo co-founded the Prussian Confederation, which opposed Teutonic rule, and most towns of Warmia joined the organization in May 1440. In February 1454, the organization asked Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon to incorporate the region to the Kingdom of Poland, to which the king agreed and signed the act of incorporation in Kraków on 6 March 1454, and the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) broke out. During the war Warmia was partly recaptured by the Teutonic Knights, however, in 1464 Bishop Paweł Legendorf vel Mgowski sided with Poland and the Prince-Bishopric came again under the overlordship of the Polish King. In the peace treaty of 1466 the Teutonic Knights renounced any claims to the prince-bishopric, and recognized it as part of Poland. It administratively remained a prince-bishopric with several privileges, part of the larger provinces of Royal Prussia and Greater Poland Province. When King Casimir IV attempted to reduce the prince-episcopal autonomy this caused the War of the Priests.

Prince-Bishop Lucas Watzenrode, officiating between 1489 and 1512, aimed at Warmia's exemption from Riga in order to establish a Warmian metropolis, comprising the dioceses within Teutonic Prussia, part of Poland as a fief since 1466, as suffragans. The plans failed, but Watzenrode reclaimed the exemption after ca. 1492. In the Second Treaty of Piotrków Trybunalski (December 7, 1512) Warmia conceded to King Alexander Jagiellon a limited right to propose four candidates to the chapter for the election, who however had to be residents of the province of Royal Prussia.

Under Watzenrode's successors changing suffraganship from Riga to Gniezno did not materialise. The diocese de jure remained a suffragan of Riga until its dissolution in 1566. Thereafter Warmia was an exempt diocese.

In 1569, Warmia was united more directly with the Kingdom of Poland within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In this period the chapter mostly elected bishops of Polish nationality. The faithful in the northern part of the diocese were by large majority ethnic Germans, while in the south the large majority were ethnic Poles. Following King Sigismund III's Prussian regency contract (1605) with Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg, and his Prussian enfeoffment contract (1611) with John Sigismund of Brandenburg these two rulers guaranteed free practice of Catholic religion in all of prevailingly Lutheran Ducal Prussia, a vassal duchy of Poland. In practice, however, the ducal government obstructed Catholic exercise in many ways.

But based on these contracts the prince-bishops gradually extended their de facto competence beyond the territory of their proper prince-bishopric of secular rule. As a result, the see regained jurisdiction in the two thirds of its diocesan territory outside its secular prince-bishopric and beyond into the diocesan areas of the dissolved former neighbour dioceses such as Sambia and Pomesania, and Warmia became the diocese competent for all of Ducal Prussia. This development was recognised by the Holy See in 1617 by de jure extending Warmia's jurisdiction over Sambia's former diocesan territory. After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Warmia was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, forming part of its newly formed province of East Prussia in the following year.

By the bull De salute animum (July 16, 1820) the Catholic Church in Prussia was reorganised. However, the diocesan territory was not adapted to the new provincial borders established in 1815. Since most inhabitants of East Prussia had become Lutherans, the diocesan territories of the former bishoprics of Pomesania (partially) and Samland with its few remaining Catholics were part of the Diocese of Ermland (Warmia), thus territorially comprising all of the Prussian province of East Prussia except the southwestern corner (main part of Pomesania diocese around Marienwerder (Kwidzyn), which had become the Deanery of Pomesania within Culm (Chełmno) diocese). In 1901, the total population in the area of the diocese was about 2,000,000, among them 327,567 Catholics.

On 28 October 1925 the Holy See - by the Bull Vixdum Poloniae unitas - seceded the Pomesania deanery from the Diocese of Chełmno and assigned it to Ermland, while Memelland was dissected from the diocese, so that it territorially comprised all the Prussian province of East Prussia in its altered borders of 1922. In 1930 the diocesan exemption ended and Ermland, then led by Bishop Maximilian Kaller, became part of the Eastern German Ecclesiastical Province under the newly elevated Archdiocese of Breslau (Wrocław).

Following the defeat of Germany in World War II, Warmia became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Bishop Kaller resigned from jurisdiction in the Polish-held diocesan area, retaining the title bishop, and was expelled by communist authorities in mid-August 1945. Pope Pius XII then appointed him the "Bishop of the Expellees". The diocese was then claimed by the Polish Catholic Church, supported by the communist state. August Hlond had appointed Teodor Bensch as Apostolic Administrator superseding the still existing capitular canons, who otherwise could have elected a new bishop candidate. The Holy See, however, regarded the post-war territorial changes not yet contractually confirmed. So the see with its traditional cathedral in Frombork remained vacant after Kaller's death.

In 1972 - in response to West Germany's change in Ostpolitik with the Treaty of Warsaw - the Holy See re-established a new Polish Diocese appointing Józef Drzazga, who was then a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Warsaw. Drzazga relocated the actual see to Olsztyn.

On 25 March 1992 Warmia was elevated to a metropolitan archdiocese and given two new suffragans, the Diocese of Ełk and the Diocese of Elbląg. The Diocese of Ełk comprised territory taken from the dioceses of Warmia and Łomża. The Diocese of Elbląg comprised territory taken from Warmia and the former dioceses of Chełmno (now Diocese of Pelplin) and Gdańsk (now Archdiocese of Gdańsk).

Today the see comprises an area of 12,000 km² with 694,000 Catholics, 33 deans, 260 church districts, 422 diocese priests, 124 order priests, and 244 order nuns.

Ordinaries

The following is a list of the bishops and archbishops since the episcopal see was re-established in 1972. For earlier bishops and prince-bishops, see List of bishops of Warmia.
TO ELABORATE

See also
 List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
 Duchy of Warmia

References

Sources and external links
 Official Website
 GCatholic, with Google map
 Archdiocese of Warmia at Catholic-Hierarchy
 Memorial website, listing names of the dead

Warmia
1243 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1240s
Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 13th century


James Carpenter may refer to:

James Carpenter (actor) (fl. 1980s–2010s), Shakespearean actor in the San Francisco Bay Area
James Carpenter (architect) (born 1949), American light artist and designer
James Carpenter (astronomer) (1840–1899), British astronomer
James Carpenter (American football) (born 1989), American football offensive lineman
James Carpenter (cricketer) (born 1975), former English cricketer
James Carpenter (fencer) (born 1962), American fencer
James C. Carpenter, American engineer; covered-bridge builder
James Edward Carpenter (1841–1901), United States Army officer
James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter Jr. (1867–1932), American architect
James Henry Carpenter (1846–1898), American engineer and industrialist
James Madison Carpenter (1888–1983), American Methodist minister and musicologist
James R. Carpenter (1867–1943), member of the Wyoming Senate
Jimmy Carpenter, American electric blues saxophonist, singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer


Shudder may refer to:
Shivering
Shudder (album), a 2008 album by American band Bayside
Shudder (streaming service) a subscription-based horror streaming service


Leptauchenia is an extinct goat-like genus of terrestrial herbivore belonging to the oreodont family Merycoidodontidae, and the type genus of the tribe Leptaucheniini. The genus was  endemic to North America during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (33.9—16.3 mya) and lived for approximately .

Morphology

Because the eyes and nostrils were placed high on the head, it was long assumed that Leptauchenia was an aquatic, or semi-aquatic animal. However, because their fossils have never been found in floodplain deposits or river channels, and their abundance in fossil sand dunes, Donald Prothero suggests that they were desert-dwelling animals. According to Prothero's interpretation, the high-placed eyes and nostrils served to filter out sand while burrowing, or while digging themselves free of sand dunes.

Fossil distribution
Skeletons of Leptauchenia have been found by the thousands and in greater numbers than the related genus Sespia, it is often quoted as being the most numerous mammal in North America during the Late Oligocene.  It had high-crowned, hypsodont teeth which were used to chew gritty vegetation.

Species
L. brevifacies (syn. Pithecistes decedens)
L. decora (type species) (syn. Hadroleptauchenia primitiva, Leptauchenia harveyi, Pithecistes breviceps, Pithecistes facies, Pithecistes tanneri, Pseudocyclopidius frankforteri)
L. eiselyi
L. major (syn. Brachymeryx feliceps, Cyclopidius emydinus, Cyclopidius incisivus, Cyclopidius lullianus, Cyclopidius simus, Hadroleptauchenia extrema, Hadroleptauchenia shanafeltae, L. densa, L. margeryae, L. martini, L. parasimus, Pithecistes altageringensis, Pithecistes copei)
L. orellaensis

References

Oreodonts
Oligocene even-toed ungulates
Oligocene genus extinctions
White River Fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1856
Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera


A mononuclidic element or monotopic element is one of the 21 chemical elements that is found naturally on Earth essentially as a single nuclide (which may, or may not, be a stable nuclide). This single nuclide will have a characteristic atomic mass. Thus, the element's natural isotopic abundance is dominated by one isotope that is either stable or very long-lived. There are 19 elements in the first category (which are both monoisotopic and mononuclidic), and 2 (bismuth and protactinium) in the second category (mononuclidic but not monoisotopic, since they have zero, not one, stable nuclides). A list of the 21 mononuclidic elements is given at the end of this article.

Of the 26 monoisotopic elements that, by definition, have only one stable isotope, seven are not considered mononuclidic, due to the presence of a significant fraction of a very long-lived (primordial) radioisotope. These elements are vanadium, rubidium, indium, lanthanum, europium, lutetium, and rhenium.

Use in metrology
Many units of measurement were historically, or are still, defined with reference to the properties of specific substances that, in many cases, occurred in nature as mixes of multiple isotopes, for example:

Since samples taken from different natural sources can have subtly different isotopic ratios, the relevant properties can differ between samples. If the definition simply refers to a substance without addressing the isotopic composition, this can lead to some level of ambiguity in the definition and variation in practical realizations of the unit by different laboratories, as was observed with the kelvin before 2007. If the definition refers only to one isotope (as that of the dalton does) or to a specific isotope ratio, e.g. Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, this removes a source of ambiguity and variation, but adds layers of technical difficulty (preparing samples of a desired isotopic ratio) and uncertainty (regarding how much an actual reference sample differs from the nominal ratio). The use of mononuclidic elements as reference material sidesteps these issues and notably the only substance referenced in the most recent iteration of the SI is caesium, a mononuclidic element.

Mononuclidic elements are also of scientific importance because their atomic weights can be measured to high accuracy, since there is minimal uncertainty associated with the isotopic abundances present in a given sample. Another way of stating this, is that, for these elements, the standard atomic weight and atomic mass are the same.

In practice, only 11 of the mononuclidic elements are used in standard atomic weight metrology. These are aluminium, bismuth, caesium, cobalt, gold, manganese, phosphorus, scandium, sodium, terbium, and thorium.

In nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), the three most sensitive stable nuclei are hydrogen-1 (1H), fluorine-19 (19F) and phosphorus-31 (31P). Fluorine and phosphorus are monoisotopic, with hydrogen nearly so. 1H NMR, 19F NMR and 31P NMR allow for identification and study of compounds containing these elements.

Contamination by unstable trace isotopes
Trace concentrations of unstable isotopes of some mononuclidic elements are found in natural samples. For example, beryllium-10 (10Be), with a half-life of 1.4 million years, is produced by cosmic rays in the Earth's upper atmosphere; iodine-129 (129I), with a half-life of 15.7 million years, is produced by various cosmogenic and nuclear mechanisms; caesium-137 (137Cs), with a half-life of 30 years, is generated by nuclear fission. Such isotopes are used in a variety of analytical and forensic applications.

List of the 21 mononuclidic elements

Isotopic mass data from Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions ed. J. S. Coursey, D. J. Schwab and R. A. Dragoset, National Institute of Standards and Technology (2005).

See also
 Primordial element
 Table of nuclides sorted by half-life
 Table of nuclides
 Isotope geochemistry
 Radionuclide
 List of elements by stability of isotopes

Notes

References

Isotopes
Sets of chemical elements
Metrology


Duke Sumner Stroud (born April 14, 1938) is an American actor who has appeared on screen since the 1970s. He was married to Linda Moss and they had one son, Jason.

Early life
Stroud was born in San Diego, California on April 14, 1938. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley.

Career
His first credited role came in 1973 when he appeared in as Jameson in an episode of Mission: Impossible. He has also appeared in TV serials including The Dukes of Hazzard, Voyagers!, The A-Team, The Outlaws, Hill Street Blues, Law & Order and Human Desires.

He also appeared in several films which include The Long Riders, Zoot Suit, Top Gun and most recently Beautiful Dreamer.  He also played Vince McKinnon on NBC's daytime soap opera Another World.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1938 births
Living people
American male television actors
American male film actors
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from San Diego
University of California, Berkeley alumni


The Newburgh Raid was a successful raid by Confederate partisans on Newburgh, Indiana, on July 18, 1862, making it the first town in a northern state to be captured during the American Civil War. Confederate colonel Adam Rankin Johnson led the raid by using a force of only about 35 men he had recruited from nearby Henderson, Kentucky. They confiscated supplies and ammunition without a shot being fired by tricking Newburgh's defenders into thinking the town was surrounded by cannons. In reality, the so-called cannons were an assemblage of a stove pipe, a charred log, and wagon wheels, forever giving the Confederate commander the nickname of Adam "Stovepipe" Johnson.

The raid convinced the federal government to supply Indiana with a permanent force of regular Union Army soldiers to counter future raids and proved to be a significant boost for Union recruiting in Indiana.

Background

Using the language of the 1862 Confederate Partisan Ranger Act, Johnson pictured himself in a book he wrote later in life as part of a military force operating in an irregular manner under the authority of such superiors as General Nathan Bedford Forrest and General John C. Breckinridge. Yet at the time of the raid, Johnson's own account suggests he had no formal appointment as an officer, wore no uniform, and commanded a hastily assembled body of civilians—more guerrillas than soldiers. Union authorities certainly viewed him as little or nothing more than a brigand, and later rejected the authority of the paroles he had issued to his eighty prisoners.

However, Johnson was not without some experience and authority. Prior to the raid he served as a scout for Gen. Forrest, just missing the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862, in south-central Tennessee, rejoining Forrest at the Confederate base of operations in Corinth, Mississippi. Johnson was ordered by Forrest to go to Henderson, Kentucky, to give a secret message to Mr. D. R. Burbank, a former employer of Johnson's. Just before launching the raid, Johnson's partisans camped at the Soaper Farm in Henderson. With thirty-five men by Johnson's later count (other counts say 32), formed by combining three-man guards for Breckinridge with recruits from Kentucky, Johnson formed a group of partisan rangers that would engage in guerrilla warfare.

Raid

Johnson and his men crossed the Ohio River on 18 July 1862. Johnson and two subordinates, Felix Akin and Frank A. Owen, shared one boat and the rest of the force crossed via a flatboat. Prior to crossing, Johnson strategically placed two "Quaker Guns", actually made of stovepipes, charred logs, and the axles and wheels from a broken wagon, on hills that had a view of Newburgh, and vice versa. Johnson was unable to find enough firearms for all of his force, but was able to acquire enough horses for each man to receive a mount. Johnson allowed each of his men to decline to join him on the raid, but to a man they all wanted to accompany him.

In Newburgh the local Indiana Legion was commanded by Union Bethell, who had previously enjoyed limited success in raising and training a local company of that state militia. Accordingly, he stored the weapons provided for them in his own unguarded riverfront warehouse, a tobacco warehouse that also held 75 loose sabers and 130 pistol/holster sets. The only defenders available for Newburgh were eighty soldiers convalescing at a makeshift hospital that was the Exchange Hotel. This hospital was itself a tempting prize for Johnson because it had medical supplies, commissary items, and arms for 200 soldiers that were meant for two future companies of the Indiana Legion; all of which Johnson's forces needed. When Johnson opened the door to the hotel, he was immediately aimed at by Union rifles, but quickly informed the Union soldiers that they were surrounded and had no hope for success.

When the raiders struck, Bethell was lunching and arrived on the scene in civilian attire. When he arrived at the hotel he refrained from more than verbal protests after Johnson pointed out two cannons placed across the river — cannons that were actually the fake dummies made from a blackened log and the piece of stovepipe that gave Johnson his subsequent nickname. Johnson said to Bethel he would "shell this town to the ground" if resistance was made.

Fifteen miles away in Evansville, Indiana, five companies of the Indiana Legion were being raised, but would not be available to defend Newburgh until after the Confederates withdrew. Through chance rather than Confederate action, the telegraph line from Newburgh to Evansville was not in operation. Word of Johnson's incursion thus took extra hours to reach state and federal military authorities. After securing the items he desired, Johnson paroled the captured Union officers and soldiers, and returned to the Kentucky soil. Newburgh had become the first town in a Northern state to be captured.

Aftermath and consequences

When the nearby companies of Union soldiers finally learned of the raid, it set in motion several frantic days of Union responses. Lieutenant Colonel John Watson Foster, on leave from the 25th Indiana Infantry Regiment, took command in Evansville. He called for volunteers, including local convalescent Union soldiers, assembled a small riverboat flotilla, sailed up the Ohio River to the mouth of the Green River and engaged in skirmishing with a small number of Confederate guerrillas.

Finding few defenders, Foster then proceeded to Newburgh. Half a dozen local residents who were perceived as friendly to the rebels were arrested. One, Andrew Huston, was later tried and acquitted by a federal court jury in Indianapolis on charges of treason and assisting the rebels. Two other Newburgh residents who had assisted the raiders were slain by members of an angry local crowd before order was restored. An additional six residents were imprisoned in Indianapolis and four others left the town for good.

The total surprise and the bloodless success of the raid was a shock to many Hoosier leaders and Governor Oliver P. Morton soon took a visible hand. First in Indianapolis and then in Evansville, he issued repeated calls for volunteers and urged vigorous military responses. Within three days, state and federal military officers sent approximately a thousand regulars and volunteers to the scene, occupied Henderson, Kentucky, and sent probes into that city's countryside. One of the probes, led by Captain Bethell, recovered a portion of the stolen arms at a nearby farm.

The occupation of Henderson proved to be a long term consequence of the raid; Newburgh would not again be threatened. Occurring during a call for large numbers of new volunteers, the raid also proved to be a significant boost for Union recruiting in Indiana. The July volunteers were formed into a short-lived thirty day unit, the 76th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Volunteers of longer service would become parts of the 65th Indiana Infantry Regiment and 78th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Several thousand more Indiana volunteers joined the army in the following days and weeks. Disappointed with the performance of his militia, Morton returned to Indianapolis and devoted much time to improving militia equipment and training, and extending the telegraph network along the exposed Ohio River.

The Newburgh Raid also enabled Johnson to raise and arm a number of youthful recruits for what became his 10th Kentucky cavalry (CSA). After the raid, Braxton Bragg had Johnson promoted to colonel. Johnson would forever be nicknamed "Stovepipe" for his success in this raid. He returned to Indiana a year later as a brigade commander in Morgan's Raid in 1863.

Historian and former Union officer Edmund L. Starling said of the raid: "[Adam] Johnson performed perhaps the most reckless, and yet most successful, military masterstroke achieved by any commander of high or low authority, in either army during the war." Johnson recounted the events many times, and eventually published the account in his memoir, Partisan Rangers of the Confederacy. Filled with enthusiasm, southern chivalry, and name-dropping — although often sparse on corroboration — his memoir has assured that many commentators place the Newburgh raid in the context of Confederate movements in Kentucky in the summer of 1862.

The Newburgh Museum began staging a re-enactment of the raid in 2016. In the past, the event was occasionally commemorated by the reenactors Cobb's Key Battery at Henderson's Sunset Park.

See also

Hines' Raid
Morgan's Raid
List of battles fought in Indiana

References

Cavalry raids of the American Civil War
Battles and conflicts without fatalities
Warrick County, Indiana
1862 in Indiana
Military operations of the American Civil War in Indiana
July 1862 events


The following is the final results of the 1997 World Wrestling Championships. Men's Freestyle competition were held in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Men's Greco-Roman competition were held in Wrocław, Poland and Women's competition were held in Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Medal table

Team ranking

Medal summary

Men's freestyle

Men's Greco-Roman

Women's freestyle

Participating nations

Men's freestyle
220 competitors from 45 nations participated.

 (5)
 (5)
 (6)
 (8)
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 (6)
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 (2)
 (8)
 (1)
 (3)
 (2)
 (7)
 (7)
 (2)
 (5)
 (5)
 (8)
 (1)
 (3)
 (8)
 (8)
 (7)
 (2)
 (1)
 (5)
 (2)
 (1)
 (8)
 (1)
 (2)
 (6)
 (3)
 (8)
 (4)
 (2)
 (8)
 (3)
 (1)
 (8)
 (8)
 (8)
 (7)
 (8)

Men's Greco-Roman
227 competitors from 47 nations participated.

 (5)
 (2)
 (4)
 (7)
 (6)
 (6)
 (2)
 (2)
 (6)
 (8)
 (1)
 (6)
 (7)
 (6)
 (8)
 (8)
 (8)
 (7)
 (3)
 (3)
 (1)
 (8)
 (5)
 (3)
 (3)
 (1)
 (4)
 (2)
 (2)
 (1)
 (2)
 (8)
 (2)
 (6)
 (8)
 (4)
 (8)
 (2)
 (8)
 (2)
 (1)
 (8)
 (8)
 (8)
 (4)
 (8)
 (5)

Women's freestyle
92 competitors from 21 nations participated.

 (5)
 (4)
 (3)
 (5)
 (5)
 (6)
 (2)
 (6)
 (5)
 (3)
 (5)
 (6)
 (4)
 (4)
 (6)
 (2)
 (1)
 (3)
 (6)
 (6)
 (5)

References

Complete results from Women's World Wrestling Championships
Final Freestyle World Championships release

External links
UWW Database

World Wrestling Championships
W
W
W
W
W
W
W


The BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust is a United States oil and natural gas royalty trust based in New York, New York.  With a market capitalization of US$155 million in early 2020, and an average trading volume of 322,000 shares, BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust is the largest conventional oil and gas trust in the United States.  Its assets are in the huge Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, the largest oil field in North America, and at the end of 2006 the trust claimed to have proved reserves of 85.1 million barrels of crude oil. As of the end of 2018, the trust claimed to have proved reserves of 15.77 million barrels of crude oil.

Standard Oil Company and BP Exploration, both now branches of British Petroleum, set up the trust on February 28, 1989.  They distribute royalties on a portion of the oil produced from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, typically 16.4246% of the first 90,000 barrels of net daily production.  In their 2018 annual report, the trust estimated it would continue to make royalty payouts through the year 2022.

Royalty trusts typically pay enormous dividends by Wall Street standards, making them popular with investors, particularly during times when the price of oil is high, or other market sectors are performing poorly.  Investing advice firm Motley Fool listed the trust in the top four dividend payers of the decade from 1997 to 2007, giving a total return on investment during that time of 1,369%.  In early 2008, the trust's quarterly dividend per share was $3.05, which equated to an annual payout of approximately 16%.  It pays its dividend quarterly, unlike many of the royalty trusts, which pay monthly.  Unanticipated oilfield mishaps can occasionally cause volatility of the stock price, as happened in August 2006, when BP needed to shut down its operations at Prudhoe Bay to replace  of corroded lines. The BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust sued BP over its poor maintenance practices and reached a settlement of $29,469,081. The shutdown only affected one dividend payment, which was subsequently made up for with the settlement.

References

External links

 Profile of BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust at Yahoo! Finance
 Annual Report 10-K on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

1989 establishments in New York City
BP subsidiaries
Companies based in New York City
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Energy companies of the United States
Royalty trusts
Energy in Alaska


This compilation album is part of "The Number One Project", a music based charity event in Liverpool, to mark its status as European Capital of Culture for 2008. The city delivered 56 number one singles for the UK charts. On this album 21 of these songs are covered by other Liverpudlian artists. The proceeds from this project will be distributed among local Charities.

Atomic Kitten's cover of "Anyone Who Had a Heart" was released as a digital single, and reached no. 77 on the UK Singles Chart. The Atomic Kitten song "Whole Again", covered here by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), was originally co-written by OMD members Andy McCluskey and Stuart Kershaw (along with Jem Godfrey and Bill Padley).

Track listing
 "Anyone Who Had a Heart" - Atomic Kitten – 3:15
 "Needles and Pins" - The Farm – 3:35
 "Woman" - Ian McNabb – 3:52
 "You Spin Me Right Round" - Thea Gilmore & Mike Cave – 3:50
 "Don't Throw Your Love Away" - Elvis Costello feat. Amsterdam – 2:56
 "3 Shirts on a Line" - The Scaffold – 3:54
 "Whole Again" - Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark – 3:29
 "Relax" - Anthony Hannah – 4:28
 "She Loves You" - Sonia – 2:46
 "From Me to You" - Eton Road – 2:45
 "Starry Eyed" - China Crisis – 2:57
 "Eleanor Rigby" - The Real Thing – 4:58
 "You're My World" - Kush feat. Natasha Hamilton – 3:21
 "My Sweet Lord" - Garry Christian and Desa Basshead – (Bassheads) 4:23
 "A Hard Day's Night" - Sonny J – 3:31
 "Day Tripper" - Shack – 4:16
 "You'll Never Walk Alone" - Thomas Lang – 3:03
 "The Power Of Love" - Frankie Goes To Hollywood's Brian Nash feat. Connie Lush – 4:57
 "Paperback Writer" - Digsy & The Sums – 3:09
 "Hey Jude" - The Real People – 5:11
 "Imagine" - The Talk Abouts feat. Liz McClarnon – 2:58

External links
The Number One Project

2008 compilation albums
Charity albums
EMI Records compilation albums
Music in Liverpool


Brian Sheehan is an American actor who has appeared on screen since 1980. His screen debut came when he appeared in the TV serial Reunion. He has appeared in films including Teen Wolf, Top Gun, Total Force and Recoil. Sheehan has also appeared on TV, in series including The Greatest American Hero, Knots Landing, and L.A. Law.

Filmography

Film

Television

External links

American male actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


This is a list of railway stations within the West Midlands, a metropolitan county in central England which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry and Wolverhampton.  It includes all railway stations in the West Midlands that currently have regular timetabled train services, as well as certain stations outside the county which are within the area supported by Transport for West Midlands (TfWM), formerly known as Centro. Transport within the West Midlands is subsidised by TfWM, who since 2006 have used the brand name Network West Midlands to demonstrate the 'joined-up' nature of the regions bus and rail networks.

The West Midlands rail network is divided into five zones, centred on Birmingham city centre. This is mainly for the purpose of defining season ticket boundaries. For example, a ticket valid in zones 1 and 2 can be used for travel between any station in those zones, but cannot be used to travel to zone 3 or beyond.  The outside boundary is formed by the railway stations at Wolverhampton, Bloxwich North, Blake Street, Coventry, Dorridge, Earlswood, Longbridge, Stourbridge Junction and Stourbridge Town, inclusively.

Stations

The following table lists the name of each station, along with the year it first opened, the metropolitan district in which the station lies, and the zone in which it is situated. West Midlands Metro tram stops are not listed, except for locations which have an interchange with rail services. The table also shows the train operators who currently serve each station, and the final two columns give information on the number of passengers using each station in recent years, as collated by the Office of Rail and Road, a Government body. The figures are based on ticket sales, and are given to the nearest 100.

See also

 List of closed railway stations in the West Midlands
 List of railway stations in Merseyside
 List of railway stations in Manchester
 List of railway stations in Wales
 List of railway stations in Worcestershire
 List of closed railway stations in Britain
 List of closed railway stations in London
 List of London Underground stations
 List of London railway stations

Footnotes

 Wythall is in Worcestershire, and Earlswood lies on the border between the West Midlands and Warwickshire, however they are within zone 5 of the Network West Midlands area.
 Transport for West Midlands (TfWM) is the operating arm of the West Midlands Passenger Transport Authority (WMPTA) which sets policies and budgets for the executive. The WMPTA is a political body, made up of a number of councillors appointed from the seven West Midlands metropolitan borough councils.

 Birmingham Snow Hill was closed to passengers from 1972 to 1987.
 Coseley was closed in 1902, and rebuilt approximately 400 metres away from its original site.
 Two years previously, in 1850, a station was built nearby by the South Staffordshire line. When the Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway built their station, they became known as Dudley Port Low Level, and Dudley Port High Level respectively. When the earlier station was closed to passengers in 1964, the High Level suffix was dropped from the surviving station.
 Five Ways was closed to passengers from 1944 to 1978.
 Hampton-in-Arden was closed in 1884, and rebuilt approximately 400 metres away from its original site.
 The present Longbridge is the second station to bear the name – the original stood some distance away on the now-closed branch to Halesowen from 1915 to 1964.
 Stourbridge Town was closed to passengers from 1915 to 1919.
 Built by the London & North Western Railway, the station is the only survivor of the three stations that once served the town. Both Sutton Town and Sutton Park stations were opened in 1879 by the Midland Railway, and closed in 1924 and 1965 respectively.
 The Hawthorns was closed to passengers from 1968 to 1995.
 Two years earlier, in 1847, a temporary station had been built at Bridgeman Place.
 In 1854 a second station was opened at Wolverhampton by the Great Western Railway. This became known as Wolverhampton Low Level, whilst the earlier London & North Western Railway station became known as Wolverhampton High Level. Wolverhampton Low Level was closed to passengers in 1972 and fully in 1981. The High Level station (now known as just Wolverhampton) remains open.

References

External links
 Centro
 National Rail Enquiries

West Midlands
Railway stations in the West Midlands (county)
Railway stations


The Diocese of Ełk () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Ełk in the Ecclesiastical province of Warmia in Poland.

History
 March 25, 1992: Established as Diocese of Ełk from the Diocese of Łomża and Diocese of Warmia

Special churches
 Cathedral:  Katedra św. Wojciecha, Ełk (St. Wojciech Cathedral)
 Co-Cathedral:  Konkatedra NMP Matki Kościoła, Gołdap (Our Lady Mother of Church Concathedral)
 Co-Cathedral:  Konkatedra św. Aleksandra, Suwałki (St. Alexander Concathedral)
 Minor Basilica:  Bazylika Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego, Augustów (Most Holy Heart of Jesus Basilica)

Bishops

 Bishops of Ełk (Roman rite)
 Bishop Wojciech Ziemba (1992.03.25 – 2000.11.16), appointed Archbishop of Białystok
 Bishop Edward Eugeniusz Samsel (2000.11.16 – 2003.01.17)
 Bishop Jerzy Mazur, S.V.D. (since 2003.04.17)

Auxiliary bishops
Romuald Kamiński (2005-2017), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Warszawa-Praga
Adrian Józef Galbas, S.A.C. (2020-2022) appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Katowice
Dariusz Zalewski (since 2022.10.29)

See also
Roman Catholicism in Poland

Sources
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
 Diocese website

Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
Christian organizations established in 1992
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century


The Meteor was a named passenger train operated by the  St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (a.k.a. SLSF or "the Frisco").  It ran overnight between Oklahoma City and St. Louis via Tulsa and was later extended to Lawton, Oklahoma on July 18, 1955.  The name was shared with a branch line Meteor running between Monett, Missouri, and Paris, Texas. Later this line was truncated to terminate at Fort Smith, Arkansas.

The Meteor was inaugurated between St. Louis and Tulsa in 1902. One engineer who joined the Frisco in 1917 recalled that the Meteor was already a well-known train at that time.  Initially the trains were pulled by Frisco-class 1300 locomotives, being high-wheeled Baldwin engines with 2-8-0 wheel arrangements.  During the late 1930s and into the early years of World War II, Frisco-class 1500 Baldwin engines with 4-8-2 wheel arrangements took over the job.

Frisco-class 4500 locomotives, and specifically locomotives No. 4500, 4501 and 4502, being three of twenty-five Northern class Baldwin 4-8-4s built for Frisco during World War II, were later designated for use on the Meteor.  These locomotives were delivered in a distinctive zephyr blue, white and gray paint scheme with "Meteor" spelled out across the tender in bold red lettering. These three passenger engines also saw service pulling the Texas Special. In 1948, Frisco 4501 still in its Meteor livery pulled President Harry S. Truman's whistle stop tour train through his home state of Missouri.

When the Meteor was converted to use diesel locomotives, No. 4500 was re-painted into Frisco's standard black with gold striping and lettering and assigned to passenger trains such as the Will Rogers.  The cosmetically-restored No. 4500, back in its Meteor paint scheme, now resides at the Route 66 Historical Village at 3770 Southwest Blvd. in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  Engine No. 4501, also in the Meteor paint scheme, resides at the Museum of the American Railroad, in Frisco, Texas.

The streamlined, diesel equipped Meteor began westbound operations on May 14, 1948, with its first eastbound train departing Oklahoma City on May 15.  At the end of its maiden trip the president of the Frisco, while giving an interview in his private railcar attached to the train, pointed to a glass filled nearly to the brim with water. "Not a drop spilled between St. Louis and Tulsa," he said proudly.  Frisco purchased the EMD E7 locomotives and Pullman cars for the Meteor at the same time as they purchased ones for the Texas Special, so the two trains shared a distinctive look; bright red with corrugated stainless-steel side panels. Frisco bought sets of named cars for each train.

The last day of Meteor service was September 17, 1965. While its itinerary was on an overnight schedule, it was followed by a day train on the same route, the Oklahoman.

Named cars
Named trains frequently had named cars; the Frisco named Meteor cars after cities and rivers.  Not all cars may have been named, but the ones that were bore their names prominently on their side panels.

Models of the Meteor
Hallmark Models, Inc., a model train manufacturer has produced brass E7 diesels and corrugated passenger cars in red and silver without lettering, so that modelers can customize them for either a Meteor or Texas Special train.

References

External links

 1948 timetable

Passenger trains of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway
Named passenger trains of the United States
Night trains of the United States
Passenger rail transportation in Missouri
Passenger rail transportation in Oklahoma


The 535th Airlift Squadron is part of the 15th Wing at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii.  It operates C-17 Globemaster III aircraft providing airlift in the Pacific theater.

The squadron was first established during World War II as the 535th Fighter Squadron.  It served as a Replacement Training Unit for Republic P-47 Thunderbolt pilots until it was disbanded in a major reorganization of the Army Air Forces in 1944 designed to streamline training organizations. In 1949, the squadron was reactivated in the Air Force Reserve and served as a corollary unit of the active duty 27th Fighter Group and later, as the 535th Fighter-Escort Squadron of the 12th Fighter-Escort Group until it was ordered to active service in 1951.  Its personnel were used to man active duty units and the squadron was inactivated. The squadron was redesignated in 1952 as the 535th Troop Carrier Squadron, and activated at Atterbury Air Force Base to replace elements of the 923d Reserve Training Wing.  The following year the squadron was inactivated and replaced at Atterbury by the 71st Troop Carrier Squadron.

The unit was activated again in Viet Nam as a C-7 Caribou squadron assigned to the 483d Tactical Airlift Wing and the squadron was awarded three Presidential Unit Citations for its actions during the war. The unit was designated the 535th Airlift Squadron and activated in its current role in 2005.

Mission
The 535th operates eight Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft.  The squadron executes airlift and airdrop missions to support United States Pacific Command and United States Transportation Command.  The 204th Airlift Squadron of the Hawaii Air National Guard is an associate unit of the 535th, flying the same planes.

History

World War II

The squadron was first established as the 535th Fighter Squadron and was activated in November 1943 at Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia. as one of the four original squadrons of the 87th Fighter Group. The squadron began operations with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts as a Replacement Training Unit (RTU).  RTUs were oversized units which trained aircrews prior to their deployment to combat theaters and assignment to an operational group. In January 1944, group headquarters and the squadron moved to Camp Springs Army Air Field, Maryland and the group's remaining squadrons transferred to Millville Army Air Field, New Jersey.

However, the Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving less well adapted to the training mission.  Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. while the groups and squadrons acting as RTUs were disbanded or inactivated. This resulted in the squadron being disbanded in the spring of 1944 and being replaced by the 112th AAF Base Unit (Fighter), which assumed its mission, personnel, and equipment.

Air Force Reserves

The squadron was reactivated in 1949 in the Air Force Reserve at Bergstrom Air Force Base as a corollary unit to Strategic Air Command's 27th Fighter Group. With no aircraft assigned, reservists of the unit flew the North American F-82 Twin Mustangs, and later, the Republic F-84 Thunderjets of the 27th.  When most of the 27th group deployed to Korea for the Korean War, the group became affiliated with the 12th Fighter-Escort Group.  The group was called to active service in May 1951.  After its personnel were used to man other units, the group was inactivated in June.

In 1952 the squadron was redesignated as the 535th Troop Carrier Squadron, became part of the newly constituted 87th Troop Carrier Wing under the wing base organization system, and was activated at Atterbury Air Force Base.  The 87th wing replaced the 923d Reserve Training Wing at Atterbury when reserve flying operations resumed there. The squadron operated Curtiss C-46 Commandos to train reservists.  In February 1953 the 434th Troop Carrier Group was released from active duty and activated in the reserves, and its 71st Troop Carrier Squadron assumed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 535th.

Vietnam War

The squadron was activated in 1967, and took over the DeHavilland Canada C-7A Caribou aircraft operated by the 57th Aviation Company  (U.S. Army) and its tactical airlift mission in South Vietnam.  It operated from several locations in addition to its primary base at Vung Tau Air Base. The 535th airlifted routine cargo and passengers, provided support for Army special forces and radio relay for ground units, airdropped troops and cargo, performed emergency resupply and medical evacuation, and flew other combat airlift missions.  It earned a Navy Presidential Unit Citation, as well as an Air Force Presidential Unit Citation for airlift support of Khe Sanh and other forward bases from January to May 1968.  It earned a second Air Force Presidential Unit Citation for action between April and June 1970 when it participated in the aerial resupply of Dak Seang Special Forces Camp, evacuation of over 2000 refugees from Cambodia, and transportation of the Presidential Southeast Asia Investigation Team to various remote locations in South Vietnam. The squadron flew its last combat mission the day it was inactivated.

Modern era
The squadron was reactivated in 2005 as the 535th Airlift Squadron at Hickam Air Force Base to provide strategic and tactical airlift in the Pacific. It became the first unit located outside the Continental United States to fly the C-17 conducting strategic and tactical airlift. It conducts night vision goggle, low-level, air refueling and austere-airfield operations from within the world's largest area of responsibility. The squadron has provided support for and operated in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. Additionally, the squadron has provided emergency humanitarian relief to Haiti, Pakistan, Samoa, Kwajalein, Indonesia and Japan.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 535th Fighter Squadron (Single Engine) on 24 September 1943
 Activated on 1 November 1943
 Disbanded on 10 April 1944
 Redesignated 535th Fighter Squadron, Twin Engine on 16 May 1949
 Activated in the reserve on 27 June 1949
 Redesignated 535th Fighter-Escort Squadron on 16 March 1950
 Ordered into active service on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 25 June 1951
 Redesignated 535th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 26 May 1952
 Activated in the reserve on 15 June 1952
 Inactivated on 1 February 1953
 Redesignated 535th Troop Carrier Squadron  and activated on 12 October 1966 (not organized)
 Organized on 1 January 1967
 Redesignated 535th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 August 1967
 Inactivated on 24 January 1972
 Redesignated 535th Airlift Squadron on 1 April 2005
 Activated on 18 April 2005

Commanders
Capt George G. Dewey, 6 October 1943; Maj George V. Williams, 3–10 Apr 1944; Lt Col Leo J. Ehmann, 1 January 1967; Lt Col Edwin B. Owens, 4 January 1967; Lt Col Joseph Faulkner, 15 December 1967; Lt Col Harry F. Hunter, 21 June 1968; Lt Col Richard D. Kimball, 12 April 1969; Lt Col Clem B. Myers, 1 November 1969; Lt Col John J. Hanley, 13 November 1969; Lt Col John D. Pennekamp, 18 July 1970; Lt Col Thomas D. Moyle, 3 October 1970; Lt Col Rupert S. Richardson, 31 December 1970; Lt Col Dean S. Downing, 12 September 1971; Lt Col James S. Knox, 8 Dec 1971 – 24 Jan 1972; Lt Col Chris Davis 2005–2006; Lt Col Scott Shapiro 2006–2008; Lt Col Casey Eaton 2008–2009; Lt Col Andy Leshikar 2009–2011; Lt Col Pat Winstead 2011–2013; Lt Col Gregg Johnson 2013–2015; Lt Col Scott Raleigh 2015–2017; Lt Col Chad Cisewski 2017–2019; Lt Col Joshua Holaday 2019–2021; Lt Col Paul Tucker 2021-Present

Assignments
 87th Fighter Group: 1 November 1943 – 10 April 1944
 87th Fighter Group (later 87th Fighter-Escort Group): 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951
 87th Troop Carrier Group: 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953
 Pacific Air Forces: 12 October 1966 (not organized)
 483d Troop Carrier Wing (later 483d Tactical Airlift Wing): 1 January 1967 – 24 January 1972
 15th Operations Group 18 April 2005 – present

Stations
 Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia, 1 November 1943
 Camp Springs Army Air Field, Maryland, 21 January 1944 – 10 April 1944
 Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas, 27 June 1949 – 25 June 1951
 Atterbury Air Force Base, Indiana, 15 June 1952 – 1 February 1953
 Vung Tau Airfield, South Vietnam, 1 January 1967
 Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam, 21 January 1970 – 24 January 1972
 Hickam Air Force Base (later Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam), Hawaii, 18 April 2005 – present

Aircraft
 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (1943–1944)
 Douglas A-24 Banshee (1943–1944)
 North American F-82 Twin Mustang (1949–1950)
 North American T-6 Texan (1950)
 Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star (1950)
 Republic F-84 Thunderjet (1950–1951)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1952–1953)
 de Havilland Canada C-7 Caribou (1967–1972)
 Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (2005–present)

Awards and campaigns

References
 Notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Military units and formations in Hawaii
Airlift squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1943


The Falmouth Quay Punt was a type of working sailing vessel in the port of Falmouth, Cornwall in the 19th and early 20th century. They would be hired by merchant ships anchored in Carrick Roads – to carry stores, mail and passengers. Falmouth, with a good deep water harbour situated near the Western entrance to the English Channel, was a popular port for merchant sailing ships to call "for orders". Before the days of radio, captains would often not know which port their cargo would be destined for before they arrived in the country, and needed to collect instructions before continuing.

The Falmouth Quay Punt got its name from operating from Falmouth's Custom House Quay, where shipping agent's had their offices. The term "punt" was commonly used around the British coast for a smaller version of the local working craft, often an open boat, propelled by oar and/or sail.

Functions
Ships coming to anchor in the Carrick Roads would employ a Falmouth Quay Punt to be a runabout while they were in port. Traditionally, the first punt to come in contact with a ship as it came into the channel would get the job of looking after her while she was in port, so the punts would often range far to the west in the hope of finding a ship and getting custom.

Typical jobs while in port would include running fresh provisions or mail out to the ship, and taking passengers ashore.

Characteristics
The early Falmouth Quay Punts were clinker built open boats, about 18 ft. in length, rigged with a standing lug on the mainmast and a jib-headed mizzen. With large numbers of ships coming in to Carrick Roads, there was not much need to seek business outside the confines of the harbour.

With the coming of steam, the newer punts were of a very different design. They were gaff-rigged yawls, carvel built and deep-keeled, with substantial deadrise. They had short, stumpy mainmasts and did not set a top-sail – this was so that their rig did not foul the yards and braces of square-rigged vessels as they came alongside. They were half-decked, with an open well aft. Length increased to between 20 and 30 ft as the type continued to evolve through the 1870s. These were the craft that would prospect for new arrivals outside the harbour, and so needed better sea-keeping abilities than the earlier types. The handy arrangement of the rig allowed the Quay Punt to be operated single-handed with ease.

End of an era
The arrival of the radio, and engines, together spelt the end of an era for these seaworthy craft shortly after the end of the First World War. Many were turned into yachts, and a few survive to this day. Chas Peters, the wife of Maurice Griffiths, the well-known yachting author, owned the working boat Juanita for a number of years, and she features in one of Maurice Griffiths' books.

Survivors
Curlew is perhaps the best-known Quay Punt surviving today. Tim and Pauline Carr circumnavigated the world in the 28-foot engineless boat, from the Arctic to the Antarctic Peninsula and explored with her around the remote Antarctic island of South Georgia, before donating her to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. The even smaller Quay Punt Teal - originally built as Little Pal for the writer Percy Woodcock, and also operated without an engine, recently undertook a long voyage to the Baltic Sea.

See also

Falmouth work boat

Notes

References

External links
National Maritime Museum Cornwall - Falmouth Quay Punts
Quay Punt Curlew
Quay Punt Teal

Falmouth, Cornwall
Boats


Fred Talley (born November 6, 1980) is an American football running back. He played collegiately for the Arkansas Razorbacks from 1999-2002.

Career

College
Fred Talley was a tailback in Longview, Texas, where he played for Robert Bero, former coach of the Longview High School Lobos, leading his high school team to a state runner-up finish and a #3 national ranking as a junior.

Originally signed by the University of Arkansas as a defensive back, Talley was later moved to running back where he had a very productive career. As a sophomore in 2000, Talley rushed 768 yards and five touchdowns despite playing in only eight games, helping the Razorbacks reach the Las Vegas Bowl.  He was named Second Team All-SEC by the coaches in 2001 after running for 774 yards and four touchdowns. The Razorbacks later faced the Oklahoma Sooners in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing 10-3.

Talley rushed for 1119 yards as a senior in 2002, averaging 5.7 yards per carry. Half of Talley's season total was gained during a three-game stretch against Auburn (241 yards), Kentucky (182 yards), and Ole Miss (136 yards). Talley's rushing yardage against Auburn is the third-highest in school history, behind Darren McFadden and Dickey Morton. In the Razorbacks 2002 season finale, Talley rushed for 118 yards and a touchdown against LSU. Arkansas won the game, nicknamed the "Miracle on Markham," by a score of 21-20, propelling them to the SEC Championship Game, which they lost to the University of Georgia 30-3. Talley was also voted First Team All-SEC by the coaches and Second Team by the Associated Press in 2002.

For his career, Talley ran for 2661 yards (5.3 avg.) and eleven touchdowns. He rushed for 100 yards or more in a game eleven times, including two 200-yard games.

Professional career
Talley was not selected in the 2003 NFL Draft, but was signed as a free agent by the Atlanta Falcons. Talley was released during training camp. Talley also had free agent contracts with the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos in 2004 and the Montreal Alouettes for the 2005 season, but was released in the pre-season each time.

References

1980 births
Living people
Players of American football from Longview, Texas
African-American players of American football
American football running backs
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


"Where the Lost Ones Go" is a single from Norwegian singer Sissel's All Good Things album, released in 2001 (See 2001 in music). It is a duet with Espen Lind, written by Lind and Magnus Rostadmo. It also appeared on Espen Lind's This Is Pop Music album.

Track listing

 "Where the Lost Ones Go"
 "One Day"
 "He's a Lot"
 "Where the Lost Ones Go" (Instrumental)

Chart positions
The single spent five weeks on the Netherlands charts.

Sarah Brightman version

"I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)" is a duet by Sarah Brightman and Chris Thompson; Written by Espen Lind, Magnus Rostadmo and Amund Bjorklund. The single was released on July 16, 2007 (See 2007 in music). The song was used as the official theme song for the Japanese version of the tenth Pokémon film The Rise of Darkrai. It was also used in her Symphony concert DVD.

The album version of the song, featuring Paul Stanley of KISS in place of Thompson, can be found on Symphony. "I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)" is the second duet between Brightman and Thompson; the first being "How Can Heaven Love Me" which featured on Brightman's album Fly.

The Polish edition of the album features the song as a duet with Andrzej Lampert; again the song is the same, but with new male vocal. It was the first time that Brightman agreed to record a bonus track with a local artist.

There is also a Russian version recorded with Sergey Penkin.

Track listing
 "I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)" (Movie version) - 4:34
 "I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)" (Movie version) (Instrumental) - 4:34

Charts

Other covers
Garðar Thór Cortes covered the song on the UK version of his album, Cortes, featuring Katherine Jenkins.

References

2001 singles
2007 singles
2001 songs
Sissel Kyrkjebø songs
Sarah Brightman songs
Songs written by Espen Lind
Universal Records singles


Bystrany may refer to:

Bystrany (Slovakia), a Slovakian municipality
Bystřany, a town in the Czech Republic


Ouvrage Sentzich is part of the Fortified Sector of Thionville of the Maginot Line.
The petit ouvrage for infantry is located to the south of gros ouvrage Galgenberg, on the edge of the main road to Luxembourg near the village of Sentzich. Gros ouvrage Métrich is to the east. As a small work, it was not considered for use after World War II and was abandoned. It is secured and is not open to the public.

Design and construction
The Sentzich site was approved by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in February 1930 and construction by contractor Verdun-Fortifications started the same year. The construction cost was 7.5 million francs.

Description
The single infantry block possessed two firing chambers and one machine gun turret. The north chamber was equipped for a machine gun/37 mm anti-tank gun combination (JM/AC37), and was surmounted by an automatic rifle cloche (GFM).  The south firing chamber was equipped similarly.  The usine was equipped with two Baudouin motors, of  each.

Casemates and shelters
The Blockhaus de Sentzich is immediately to the south of the main ouvrage on the other side of the Sentzich village. The blockhouse was armed with a JM/AC47 embrasure.

Manning
The ouvrage was manned by 66 men of the 168th Fortress Infantry Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Legrand. The Casernement de Cattenom provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Sentzich and other ouvrages in the area.

History
See Fortified Sector of Thionville for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Thionville sector of the Maginot Line.
Sentzich, closely associated with Galgenberg, did not see significant action in  the Battle of France in 1940, nor in the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. The Germans largely bypassed the area, advancing along the valley of the Meuse and Saar rivers, threatening the rear of the Thionville sector. An order to fortress troops by sector commander Colonel Jean-Patrice O'Sullivan to prepare for withdrawal on 17 June was reversed by O'Sullivan. The garrison therefore remained in place. Following negotiations, the positions on the left bank of the Moselle finally surrendered to the Germans on 30 June 1940. While a number of the larger ouvrages in the Thionville sector were renovated immediately after World War II for duty in the Cold War, Sentzich  was not rearmed. It remained secured, owing to its position next to Galgenberg, which was used as a communications facility.

Current condition
The ouvrage is owned and maintained by the commune of Cattenom. It is not presently accessible to the public.

See also
 List of all works on Maginot Line
 Siegfried Line
 Atlantic Wall
 Czechoslovak border fortifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.

External links
 Official site
 Ouvrage de Sentzich
 Sentzich at fortiff.be
 L'ouvrage de Sentzich at alsacemaginot.com
 Petit ouvrage de Sentzich at lignemaginot.com

SENT
Maginot Line


The Diocese of Łomża () is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Łomża in the Ecclesiastical province of Białystok in Poland.

History

On March 25, 1798, it was established as Diocese of Sejny/Augustów, from the Diocese of Wigry. Its territory had formerly belonged to the Diocese of Vilna, but after the first partition of Poland it fell to Prussia. Pope Pius VI carved out the new diocese and established its see at the Camaldolese monastery of Wigry, in a village about ten miles east of Suwałki. The monastery had been founded under the patronage of King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1418, and the Church of Our Lady, which became the cathedral, became the parish church of Wigry.

The first bishop of the diocese was the preacher Michael Francis Karpowicz (b. 1744; d. 1805). His successor was John Clement Gołaszewski (b. 1748; d. 1820), who enlarged the Wigry cathedral. After the Congress of Vienna this territory passed to the Russian Partition, and in 1818 the Church throughout the Congress Poland was reorganized. By a Bull of Pius VII Warsaw was made the metropolitan see and the see of Wigry was changed to Augustów, a town founded in 1561 by King Sigismund II Augustus. The new cathedral and chapter there were inaugurated on December 8, 1819.

The next bishop, Ignatius Czyzewski, did not remain at Augustów, but changed his place of residence in 1823 to Sejny, a town founded in 1522 by Sigismund I of Poland, and which is about twenty miles east of Suwałki. The succeeding bishop, Nicholas John Manugiewicz, established the diocesan seminary in 1830, and for many years resided sometimes at Augustowo and then at Sejny. His successor was Stanislaus Choromanski, afterwards Archbishop of Warsaw. The next bishop, Straszyński, made the old Dominican church at Sejny his cathedral and entered it as bishop, 4 February 1837. He was in frequent collision with the Russian authorities, and on his death in 1847 the see was kept vacant by the Russian Government until 1863. Constantine Lubieński was then made bishop, and on his death in exile in 1869 at Nizhny Novgorod was succeeded by Bishop Wierzbowski. His successors were Anthony Baranowski, and Anthony Karaś.

On October 28, 1925, the diocese was renamed as the diocese of Łomża.

Leadership
 Bishops of Łomża (Roman rite)
 Bishop Janusz Stepnowski (since 2011.11.11)
 Bishop Stanisław Stefanek, S. Chr. (1996.10.26 – 2011.11.11)
 Archbishop Juliusz Paetz (1982.12.20 – 1996.04.11)
 Bishop Mikołaj Sasinowski (1970.03.19 – 1982.09.06)
 Bishop Czesław Falkowski (1949.02.24 – 1969.08.25)
 Bishop Stanisław Kostka Łukomski (1926.06.24 – 1948.10.28)
 Archbishop Romuald Jałbrzykowski (1925.12.14 – 1926.06.24)
 Bishop Antoni Karaś (1910.04.07 – 1926.04.05)
 Bishops of Sejny (Roman rite)
 Bishop Antoni Baranowski (1897.07.21 – 1902.11.26)
 Bishop Piotr Paweł Wierzbowski (1872.02.23 – 1893.07.01)
 Bishop Konstanty Ireneusz Łubieński (1863.12.20 - 1869.06.16)
 Bishop Paweł Straszyński (1836.11.21 – 1847.07.21)
 Bishop Mikołaj Jan Manugiewicz (1825.12.19 – 1834.06.25)
 Bishop Ignacy Stanisław Czyżewski (1820.05.29 – 1823.12.11)
 Bishop Jan Klemens Gołaszewski (1818.06.30 – 1820.03.08)

See also
List of bishops of Łomża
Roman Catholicism in Poland

Notes

References
 GCatholic.org
 Catholic Hierarchy
  Diocese website

Dioceses
Roman Catholic dioceses in Poland
Religious organizations established in 1798


Dharmacon Inc., now known as Dharmacon, was founded in 1995 by Stephen Scaringe as Dharmacon Research to develop and commercialize a new technology for RNA oligonucleotide synthesis.  Originally, the company's focus was to develop 2'-ACE RNA technology as the standard for RNA synthesis and to advance RNA oligo-dependent applications and technologies.

When RNA interference (RNAi) emerged in the late 1990s, Dharmacon was poised to provide RNAi-related products to the multitude of academic and industry researchers. Dharmacon has become an important resource for those investigating the mechanisms of siRNA (small interfering RNA)-induced gene knockdown and applying the specificity and potency of RNAi to human biotherapeutics. Dharmacon's expertise in bioinformatics, RNA biology, and synthesis chemistry has allowed it to develop a complete line of products for the RNAi researcher.

History
In November 2002, Dharmacon Research, Inc. officially changed its name to Dharmacon, Inc., as it had advanced beyond research and development and into whole solutions for RNA oligo-dependent applications and technologies. In March 2004, Dharmacon became a wholly owned subsidiary of Fisher Scientific International, Inc.  In November 2006, Fisher Scientific International, Inc. merged with Thermo Electron Corporation to become Thermo Fisher Scientific.

In April 2013, Thermo Fisher Scientific reached an agreement to buy Life Technologies Corporation.  The acquisition of Life Technologies Corporation received conditional approval from the European Commission in November 2013.  The conditional requirement was the divestment of Thermo Fisher Scientific's cell culture (sera and media), magnetic beads and Dharmacon gene modulation businesses for antitrust reasons.

In early January 2014, GE Healthcare reached an agreement with Thermo Fisher Scientific to acquire the cell culture, magnetic bead and Dharmacon gene modulation businesses for US$1.05 billion.  The acquisition of Dharmacon is viewed as complementary to GE Healthcare's drug discovery research technologies.

In the fall of 2014, GE Healthcare announced it had reached a licensing agreement with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard granting access to CRISPR-Cas9 intellectual property.  Under the agreement, GE Healthcare is able to incorporate the patented technologies, and develop and launch additional complementary gene editing reagents. Then, in October 2014, GE Healthcare Dharmacon launched its first CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering products under the “Edit-R” brand. In July 2015, GE Healthcare Dharmacon launched synthetic crRNA and lentiviral sgRNA pre-designed with a functionally validated algorithm against entire human, mouse and rat genomes.

In July 2017, UK firm Horizon Discovery reached an agreement to acquire Dharmacon from GE Healthcare for a total consideration of $85 million. The acquisition is expected to complement Horizon's portfolio of gene editing products and engineered cell lines.

References

Research support companies
Companies based in Colorado
Biotechnology companies established in 1995
Biotechnology companies of the United States
1995 establishments in Colorado


The following article presents a summary of the 1934 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 33rd season of competitive football in the country.

Campeonato Paulista

Final Standings

Palestra Itália-SP declared as the Campeonato Paulista champions.

State championship champions

Other competition champions

(1)Two different Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais editions were contested in 1934. The professional competition was organized by the FBF (Federação Brasileira de Futebol) while the amateur competition was organized by the CBD (Confederação Brasileira de Desportos). São Paulo won the professional competition while Bahia won the amateur one.

Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1934.

References

 Brazilian competitions at RSSSF
 1934 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF

Seasons in Brazilian football
Brazil


RPC-1 and RPC-2 are designations applied to firmware for DVD drives. Older DVD drives use RPC-1 firmware, which allows DVDs from any region to play. Newer drives use RPC-2 firmware, which enforces DVD region coding at the hardware level. See DVD region code#Computer DVD drives for further information.

Some RPC-2 drives can be converted to RPC-1 with the same features as before by using alternative firmware on the drive, or on some drives by setting a secret flag in the drive's EEPROM.
Computer storage media
DVD


Abraham Paz Cruz (born 29 June 1979) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender, currently manager of St Joseph's in the Gibraltar National League.

Playing career
Born in El Puerto de Santa María, Province of Cádiz, Paz began his career his professional with the reserves of local club Cádiz CF, his stint then also being punctuated by a loan to hometown's Racing Club Portuense. He was definitely reinstated in the first team in 2000, going on to represent them in all three major divisions (including 22 games and one goal in 2005–06's La Liga).

Paz joined Hércules CF of the Segunda División in the summer of 2008. He contributed 31 matches and two goals in his second season, as the Alicante side returned to the top division after a 13-year absence.

On 12 December 2010, during a 4–1 home win against Málaga CF, Paz became the first Spanish scorer for Hércules in 2010–11, as the campaign ended in immediate relegation. From 2011 to 2013 he competed in the second tier, representing FC Cartagena and CE Sabadell FC and suffering relegation with the former.

On 16 July 2013, aged 34, Paz moved abroad for the very first time, signing a two-year contract with Israeli club Bnei Sakhnin FC– he had just been banned from playing in his country while investigations were carried out to determine whether or not he was involved in match fixing when he represented Hércules. During his spell in the Holy Land, he was also loaned to fellow Premier League team Maccabi Haifa FC; ultimately, he was acquitted of any wrongdoing.

In January 2019, Paz joined St Joseph's F.C. of the Gibraltar Premier Division on a short-team deal.

Coaching career
Shortly after retiring, Paz became assistant manager at Atlético Sanluqueño CF. He had his first head coach job on 8 June 2022, being appointed at former side St Joseph's.

Career statistics

Honours
Cádiz
Segunda División: 2004–05

References

External links

Stats and bio at Cadistas1910

1979 births
Living people
People from El Puerto de Santa María
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from the Province of Cádiz
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Cádiz CF Mirandilla players
Cádiz CF players
Racing Club Portuense players
Hércules CF players
FC Cartagena footballers
CE Sabadell FC footballers
Israeli Premier League players
Bnei Sakhnin F.C. players
Maccabi Haifa F.C. players
Gibraltar Premier Division players
St Joseph's F.C. players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Expatriate men's footballers in Gibraltar
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Gibraltar
Spanish football managers
Spanish expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Gibraltar