Chilhowee Mountain is the name of two non-contiguous low ridges in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The northern section is at the outer edge of the Great Smoky Mountains, stretching between the Little Tennessee River and Chilhowee Dam to the west, and the Little Pigeon River watershed to the east. The southern section is within the outer edge of the Unicoi Mountains in Polk County. While not entirely within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the northernmost mountain's crest is traversed by the westernmost section of the Foothills Parkway.

Background
While the northern ridge is  long, it rarely reaches a width of more than  or . Little River cuts a large gap in the middle of the mountain (near Walland), dividing it into eastern and western sections. The highest point on the western section is  at a knob known as Look Rock. The highest point on the eastern section, known as The Three Sisters, rises to , and is visible from nearby Maryville, Tennessee.

The southern ridge is about  long, and sits entirely within the Cherokee National Forest. The Ocoee River passes along its southern base, along with the Ocoee Scenic Byway, part of U.S. Route 64. The mountain is separated from Oswald Dome to the north by a saddle, although both are technically part of the same ridge. The highest point on this section is . The mountain is accessible from US 64 via a paved forest service road, which contains multiple overlooks. A campground with an artificial lake, operated by the Forest Service, is located atop the mountain. Benton Falls is a waterfall on the eastern escarpment of the mountain, and is accessible via a trail that begins at the campground.

Name
Chilhowee Mountain derives its name from Chilhowee, a Cherokee village in the 18th century. The etymology of the Cherokee name is unclear, and may be derived from the Muscogean name Chalahume, an earlier Creek name for the village. In English it has also been written "Chilhoe".

See also
English Mountain, also on the western edges of the Great Smoky Mountains
Cades Cove, a nearby visitor attraction

Bibliography

References

External links

Ridges of Tennessee
Great Smoky Mountains
Mountains of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Mountains of Blount County, Tennessee
Landforms of Polk County, Tennessee


Powers Music School is a musical institution serving New England for more than 50 years. Powers Music School is a community music center based in Belmont, Massachusetts. The School provides private music lessons, early childhood and group classes, ensembles, orchestra, theory, music therapy, and performance opportunities to over 1000 students throughout Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.

Powers Music in the Community

Powers Music School provides the greater Boston community with access to music education programs, well-known faculty, festivals, performances, and outreach programs. Powers offers instruction and performance opportunities for interested students of all ages. In addition, Powers Music School also runs the summer programs Music on the Hill (MOTH), Suzuki on the Hill, String Traditions, and Kids Crescendo. Music on the Hill (MOTH) offers jazz and classical training to advanced high school students, with an emphasis on chamber music, while Kids Crescendo provides a creative musical environment for younger kids.

Powers Faculty (partial list)
Judith Bedford, Bassoon
Laura Blustein, Cello
Jessica Cooper, Early childhood
James Doran, guitar
Carol Hunt Epple, flute, baroque flute, MOTH**
Susanna Fiore, Family Drum Jam, Keys for Kids, Musikgarten
Sarah Freiberg, cello
Andrew Goodridge, Piano
Vladimir Gurin, Piano
Jane Hershey, Viola da gamba, viol consort
Levon Hovsepian, piano
Faith Hutchison-Williard, flute
Yasuko Ishibashi, piano, Dalcroze Eurhythmics, Pow-Wow
Veda Kogan, piano
Lisle Kulbach, piano, lap harp, recorder
Xue (Shirley) Liu, Piano
Collen McGary-Smith, cello
Tamara Medoyeva, piano
Peter S. Morelli, piano
Dubravka Sajfar Moshfegh, viola, violin
Sam Ou, cello, MOTH**
Jane Parkhouse, Co-Artistic Director for Pow-Wow
Dimitar Petkov, viola, violin, MOTH**
Alfa Radford, organ
Natacha Rist, piano
Kathryn Rosenbach, Piano, piano accompaniment
Jay Rosenberg, Suzuki guitar, recorder
Michael Shea, Piano)
Lucy Joan Sollogub, Guitar, mountain dulcimer
Gary Spellissey, Percussion
David Stevens, Saxophone, Clarinet
Liana Zaretsky, violin, MOTH**

External links
 Powers Music School Official Homepage

Belmont, Massachusetts
Education in Boston
Music schools in Massachusetts


Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution (brand names Prolensa and Bromday, prior formulation brand name Xibrom, which has since been discontinued) by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for short-term, local use. Prolensa and Bromday are the once-daily formulation of bromfenac, while Xibrom was approved for twice-daily administration. In the European Union, the brand name is Yellox. Bromfenac is indicated for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain after cataract surgery.

Medical uses

Bromfenac is indicated for the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation following cataract extraction.

The drug has been shown to reduce macular edema and thickness of the retina (an indicator for inflammation) and improve visual acuity after surgery.

Contraindications

Bromfenac is contraindicated for people with adverse reactions to NSAIDs, such as asthma or rashes.

Side effects

Bromfenac eye drops are generally well tolerated. Comparatively common side effects in clinical studies included abnormal sensations in eye (0.5% of people treated with bromfenac), mild to moderate erosion of the cornea (0.4%), eye pruritus (0.4%), eye pain (0.3%) and redness (0.3%). Serious side effects such as corneal perforation were not reported in studies but only during post-marketing in less than one patient in 1000.

Interactions

No systematic interaction studies have been performed. There are no known cases of interactions with antibiotic eye drops. Blood plasma levels remain very low during bromfenac therapy, so interactions with drugs taken by mouth are unlikely.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

As an NSAID, bromfenac works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. It preferably acts on COX-2 and only has a low affinity for COX-1.

Pharmacokinetics

Bromfenac is well absorbed through the cornea and reaches highest concentrations in the aqueous humour after 150 to 180 minutes, with a biological half-life of 1.4 hours and high drug levels being maintained for at least 12 hours. It is mainly concentrated in the aqueous humour and conjunctiva, and much less in the lens and vitreous body.

Concentrations in the blood plasma are too low to be measured quantitatively. 99.8% of the substance are bound to plasma proteins. The enzyme mainly responsible for metabolization of bromfenac is CYP2C9, and metabolites include the lactam and several conjugated compounds. 82% are excreted via the urine, and 13% via the faeces.

Compared to amfenac, the halogenation of bromfenac's chemical structure (the bromine atom at C4) increases its penetration into ocular tissues, and increases its potency for COX enzyme inhibition.

Chemistry

Along with indomethacin, diclofenac and others, bromfenac belongs to the acetic acid group of NSAIDs. It is used in form of bromfenac sodium · 1.5 H2O (CAS number: ), which is soluble in water, methanol and aqueous bases, insoluble in chloroform and aqueous acids, and melts at  under decomposition.

History

For ophthalmic use, bromfenac has been prescribed more than 20,000,000 times across the world. As an eye drop, it has been available since 2000, starting in Japan where it was sold as Bronuck. It was first FDA approved for use in the United States in 2005, and it was marketed as Xibrom, twice-daily. In October 2010 Bromday received FDA approval as a new, once-daily formulation. More recently, in 2013, Prolensa has also been approved by the FDA. Bromfenac eye drops have been marketed in the European Union since 2011, and are available on worldwide markets with agreements from Bausch & Lomb, Croma-Pharma, and other companies.

Bromfenac was formerly marketed in the United States by Wyeth-Ayerst in an oral formulation called Duract for short-term relief of pain (less than 10 days at a time). It was brought to market in July 1997, and was withdrawn 22 June 1998, following numerous reports of hepatotoxicity in patients who had taken the medication for longer than the recommended 10-day period.

References

External links

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2-Aminobenzophenones
Bromoarenes
Hepatotoxins
Acetic acids
Ophthalmology drugs


Guernica is a localidad in Presidente Perón Partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the administrative centre for the partido. Guernica is situated on the outskirts of the Greater Buenos Aires urban conurbation around 30 km from the autonomous city of Buenos Aires.

Guernica has a theatre called "Anfiteatro Municipal Homero Manzi", named after Homero Manzi.

External links

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1993
Presidente Perón Partido
Cities in Argentina
1993 establishments in Argentina


Environmental Protection UK is a UK environmental non-governmental organisation (NGO) working to improve the quality of the local environment - specialising in the subjects of air quality, noise management and land quality. It was formerly known as the National Society for Clean Air and Environmental Protection (NSCA), changing its name 2007, to reflect ongoing work in fields beyond air quality.

History and early work

The organisation traces its roots back to the foundation of the Coal Smoke Abatement Society (CSAS) set up in 1898, making it one of the oldest environmental NGOs. CSAS was founded by London-based artist Sir William Blake Richmond, who became frustrated by low light levels in the winter caused by coal smoke. In an 1898 letter to the Times calling for action Sir William said that, "the darkness was comparable to a total eclipse of the sun".

Over the following decades the CSAS was instrumental in the introduction of the 1926 Public Health (Smoke Abatement Act) and the  Clean Air Act 1956.  The latter started life as a private members bill promoted by Sir Gerald Nabarro in the aftermath of the Great London Smog of 1952.  This event saw the deaths of between 4,000 and 12,000 people as a direct result of air pollution.  The original Act was updated by the 1968 and 1993 Clean Air Acts. These Acts led to considerable areas of the UK being declared as Smoke Control Areas where the use of solid fuel is either prohibited or only allowed in authorised appliances. With increasing trends for burning solid fuel either as a lifestyle choice or a perceived cheaper and more sustainable form of heating these laws remain very relevant today.

As the menace of coal smoke receded the society changed its name to the National Society for Clean Air, reflecting a broader focus on air pollution from traditional and emerging sources - including a successful campaign to outlaw stubble burning, crown immunity for incinerators, industrial pollution and transport (including lead in petrol, dirty diesels, low emission zones).

During this period membership was drawn from local authorities, industry, consultancy and academia.  Following the Clean Air Acts, NSCA worked closely with specialists and government on developing the concept of Local Air Quality Management and successfully lobbying for its inclusion in the Environment Act 1995.  The original Environment Bill covered the establishment of the Environment Agency, contaminated land, National Parks and waste topics.

Through the work two  of the Society’s Vice-Presidents (Lord Lewis of Newnham and Lord Nathan) an amendment to the Bill was introduced in the House of Lords (where the Bill began its life) to add what is now Part IV of the Act, Air Quality. The Society assisted in the drafting of the legislation through its Air Quality Committee, set up in 1992 to bring together air quality experts - including local authority officers, consultancy and academia.

Recent work

Air quality
Since the Act received its Royal Assent in 1995 the Society, through the Air Quality Committee, has been instrumental in producing supplementary guidance documents to assist local authorities in implementing Local Air Quality Management.  Although Government had produced technical and policy guidance this still left some grey areas because such national guidance inevitably could not deal with every eventuality. Initially the NSCA guidance addressed the processes of assessing air quality problems and the thorny questions surrounding the declaration of Air Quality Management Areas.  A second round of guidance looked at the development of Air Quality Action Plans.  More recent guidance has addressed the thornier problems of incorporating air quality into the local development control planning regime.

Air quality continues to be a major problem in the UK. In 1998, the Government’s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution (COMEAP) estimated that approximately 24,000 deaths per year are advanced due to the effects of “normal” UK concentrations of air pollution. In hot years such as 2003 this figure may have been even larger. EPUK founded and launched the Healthy Air Campaign in 2011 - now being co-ordinated by Client Earth. Air pollution remains a significant health threat - with the UK  facing the threat of fines from the EU for breaching air quality guidelines - so the work of the EPUK air quality committee remains crucial.

Noise

The organisation has a long-standing interest in noise issues - in 1984 publishing 'Noise and Society', prompted by a rise in concern about noise - in particular from traffic, over the preceding 20 years. The NSCA Noise Committee was formed in 1986, in particular in response to increasing concerns about the poor quality of sound insulation in flat conversions - and the committee undertook a survey and reported on the problem. This influenced the development of sound legislation regulation. This marked the beginning of increasing involvement in working in the UK and EU on developing practical and policy solutions both in neighbour noise and environmental (transport) noise.

Neighbourhood noise
NSCA first co-ordinated a 'Noise Awareness Day' in 1997 - engaging around 50 local authorities in raising awareness of neighbourhood noise problems. During the following years the initiative gained increasing support - at its height attracting funding from all the UK government administrations, engaging at least 200 local authority participants and gaining national press coverage. To support the day and annual noise survey was undertaken, to gauge levels of noise complaint and views on effective solutions. During this time it expanded to Noise Action Week - which is still going strong, running in the third week of May. It receives increasing support from housing providers, alongside local authority noise teams, mediation services and schools.

Environmental noise
Transport is a major source of environmental noise - and, like air pollution, has a huge impact on the health of those exposed - second only to air pollution according to the World Health Organisation. EPUK worked closely with European partners lobbying for the reduction of vehicle noise - in particular on ensuring tyre noise was included on the environmental tyre labels to be in introduced in November 2012 - running a Campaign for Better Tyres in the UK 2010 - 2012. EPUK was also influential in the development of the Noise Policy Statement England - Noise Policy Statement England (NPSE)  published in 2010.

The organisation also worked with industry and government in trying to achieve an up-to-date methodology for the prediction of wind turbine noise.

EPUK today

Environmental Protection UK continues to have membership amongst local authorities with a substantial contribution from consultants, academics, private individuals and industry. The organisation has seven divisions in England and a division each in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Environmental Protection UK is national member of the International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Associations (IUAPPA).

In 2023, Environmental Protection UK merged into the Institution of Environmental Sciences, facilitating the creation of the Environmental Policy Implementation Community.

See also
Air pollution in the United Kingdom

References
Environmental Protection UK
BBC on end of EPUK as staffed organisation
Noise Action Week

External links
Environmental Protection UK
EU Air Quality Site
The Air Quality Management Resources Centre at the University of the West of England
The pollution index of the UK Met Office
The Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution
Noise Action Week
Environmental Protection UK archive collection, Wellcome Library finding aid

Air pollution in the United Kingdom
Air pollution organizations
Environmental organisations based in the United Kingdom
1898 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1898


Smethwick West was a railway station on the Great Western Railway between Stourbridge Junction station and Smethwick Junction. It was opened as Smethwick Junction railway station in 1867.

It closed in 1996, being replaced by a new railway station, Smethwick Galton Bridge, around 110 yards (100 metres) to the east, which serves two railway lines.

History
Smethwick Junction railway station was opened by the Great Western Railway in 1867. It was located on the Great Western Railway line running between Smethwick Junction and Stourbridge Junction station. The junction connected the Great Western route to the Stour Valley Line, which is now part of the West Coast route. In 1956 the British Transport Commission renamed the station to Smethwick West.

With the run down of Birmingham Snow Hill, passenger services were diverted to Birmingham New Street from 1967; and Smethwick West became a station on the route between Birmingham New Street, Stourbridge Junction and Worcester Foregate Street.

Reduced levels of local services continued from Snow Hill to Wolverhampton Low Level; with four trains per day from Snow Hill to Langley Green, via Smethwick West, using Class 122 units, nicknamed "bubble cars". These services ended in March 1972; and the Great Western route to Birmingham Snow Hill also closed in 1972. A single freight-only line to Coopers Scrap Yard, on the Great Western line in Handsworth was kept in use.

The route to Snow Hill was restored in 1995.

Closure
Smethwick West was replaced by Smethwick Galton Bridge railway station when the Jewellery line opened to Birmingham Snow Hill. Smethwick West was due to close in 1995 upon the opening of Smethwick Galton Bridge railway station, but an administrative error meant that it was unable to be closed until 1996. For this one-year period, Smethwick West was served by one train per week to satisfy the "not closed" criteria. The platforms and station buildings for Smethwick West are still in situ, and trains continue to pass through the site. The station lies adjacent to Smethwick Junction.

References

Further reading

Disused railway stations in Sandwell
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1867
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1996
Smethwick


Robine is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

 Robine van der Meer (born 1971), Dutch actress and model
 Jean-Marie Robine (born  1960), French demographer and gerontologist

See also
 Robin (name)
 Canal de la Robine located in Aude, France


John Charles Brooke  (27 August 1748 – 3 February 1794) was an English antiquarian who served as Somerset Herald from 1777 until his death.

Early life
Brooke was born at Fieldhead in the parish of Silkstone, Yorkshire in August 1748, the second son of Dr. William Brooke by his wife Alice Mawhood. He was a descendant of the Rev. John Brooke, Rector of High Hoyland, who had himself – in the previous century – been an antiquarian interested in the history of Yorkshire. John Charles Brooke eventually came into possession of some of the historical material collected by Rev. Brooke, and thus his "taste for historical and genealogical research" was "perhaps inherited."

Brooke was sent by his parents to London to be apprenticed to James Kirkby, a chemist at Holborn. However "after discovering a strong turn to heraldic pursuits" he attracted the attention of Edward Howard, the future 9th Duke of Norfolk (the holder of which title is hereditary Earl Marshal in charge of the College of Arms) he secured a placement in the College of Arms in the City of London.

Career
He became Somerset Herald in 1777.

Death
On 3 February 1794 he attended the Haymarket Theatre in Pall Mall, London with Benjamin Pingo, York Herald. Both men were crushed to death in a crowd of well-wishers eager to see the king, at the side door of the theatre. According to Walter Thornbury, "Mr Brooke had died standing, as he was found as if asleep, and with colour still in his cheeks." King George III had attended the theatre that day and was only told of the deaths of both Officers of Arms after he had departed. John Charles Brooke was buried in the Church of St Benet Paul's Wharf, in the City of London, a church closely associated with the College of Arms.

References

English antiquarians
English genealogists
English officers of arms
1748 births
1794 deaths
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London


Carlos Pedro Carvalho Sousa (born 30 June 1985 in Felgueiras, Porto District), known as Pintassilgo, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
People from Felgueiras
Footballers from Porto District
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
F.C. Felgueiras players
Vitória S.C. players
Moreirense F.C. players
Portimonense S.C. players
F.C. Arouca players
S.C. Covilhã players
Varzim S.C. players
F.C. Felgueiras 1932 players
Liga I players
CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu players
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Romania


Orvieto is an Italian wine region located in Umbria and Lazio, centered on the comune of Orvieto. It is primarily known for its white wines made from a blend of mostly Grechetto and Trebbiano, which is sold under the Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) Orvieto and Orvieto Classico. Blended red wine and eight varietal reds are sold under the Rosso Orvietano DOC. The region has been producing wine since the Middle Ages, when Orvieto wine was known as a sweet, golden-yellow wine. Today's white Orvieto is dry, but a semi-sweet style, known as Orvieto Abboccato, and dolce (sweet), are also produced in small quantities.

Geography
The Orvieto zone is in the province of Terni in the south-western corner of Umbria. It extends southward into the Viterbo province of Lazio and north to the border between Terni and the province of Perugia. The Orvieto Classico region is characterised by tufa, limestone and volcanic soil.

History

Viticulture was introduced to the Orvieto region by the early Etruscans, who carved out cellar-like caves from volcanic soil that could house wine production with long, cool fermentation and produced the type of sweet wine that was popular in the ancient world. From the Middle Ages to the mid-20th century, the Orvieto region was known for the sweet dessert wine made with the noble rot, Botrytis cinerea. Unlike most botrytized wine, such as Sauternes, where the grapes are introduced to the Botrytis cinerea fungus while they are on the vine, the grapes of Orvieto were exposed to the fungus after harvest, when they packed into crates and barrels and stored in humid grottoes carved out of the tufa stone. Made primarily from the Trebbiano sub-variety Procanico, which produces smaller berries than the Trebbiano used in Tuscan wines, these sweet wines were deep gold in color, described by the poet Gabriele d'Annunzio as "the sun of Italy in a bottle". While the production of fully botrytized wine is rare, in ideal vintage years some producers will make a sweet muffato from partially botrytized grapes.

Wine

White Orvieto is composed primarily of Grechetto and Trebbiano and a blend of Malvasia, Drupeggio, Verdello and Canaiolo bianco grapes. Grechetto is valued for the fruitiness and weight that it brings to the wine; some of the most highly rated examples of Orvieto have a high concentration of Grechetto. The wine today is radically different from the historical sweet Orvieto, with off-dry and sweet wines accounting for less than five percent of total production. In addition to the traditional grape varieties listed, some Orvieto producers have begun experimenting with non-DOC Vino da Tavola wines made from Riesling and Sauvignon blanc.

According to Joseph Bastianich and David Lynch, the Orvieto wine production tends to be divided into two camps: estates which make traditional neutral and Trebbiano-dominated wines, and estates which take advantage of the liberal DOC blending policy and use as much of other permitted grapes as possible.   Under the Orvieto DOC regulations, wines may contain 40% to 60% Trebbiano Toscano, 15% to 25% Verdello, and up to 20% maximum of Grechetto, Canaiolo bianco (Drupeggio) and/or Malvasia Toscana for the remainder.

Rosso Orvietano
The Rosso Orvietano DOC covers the entire Orvieto zone and is used for the blended red wines made from Aleatico, Barbera, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canaiolo, Cesanese, Ciliegiolo, Colorino, Dolcetto, Merlot, Montepulciano, Pinot nero and Sangiovese. Red varietal wines are also permitted under their DOC as long as they contain at least 70% of Aleatico, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Canaiolo, Ciliegiolo, Merlot, Pinot nero and Sangiovese. The advent of the Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) classification has given Orvieto producers the ability to experiment with non-DOC wines and sell them under one of Umbria's IGT classifications.

References

External links
 Into Wine - Orvieto

Geography of Lazio
Geography of Umbria
Italian DOC
Orvieto
Wine regions of Italy


Rescorla is a small village in mid-Cornwall, near St Austell, in the heart of the Clay Country, Cornwall’s china clay mining district. It belongs to the parish of Treverbyn and is part of a close-knit network of villages that also includes Penwithick, Bugle, Rosevear, Bowling Green, Treverbyn, Roche and Luxulyan.

It is about  from the Eden Project and about  from St Austell.

Methodist Chapel
The existing Primitive Methodist Chapel dates from around 1873 and was central to village life for generations. It was closed in April 2001 after it fell into disuse. The Friends of Rescorla have purchased the building and are now planning its future as the “Rescorla Centre”.  In 2012 the building was reroofed and has had some refurbishments done inside.  It is now awaiting further repairs.

Rescorla Festival
The Rescorla Festival is an annual heritage festival first held in June 2008 showcasing the traditions and customs of the Clay Country. The festival brings together the celebration of folk traditions with study and research into local history and culture through literature and oral history. The cornerstone of the Festival is the revival of a traditional dance known as the Snail Creep.

Snail Creep
Historically, Rescorla along with other Cornish villages including Molinnis, Roche, Withiel and St Wenn, continued a custom called “Snail Creep”. This is a dance unique to this part of Cornwall and involves a long procession of couples following a band, led by two people holding up branches – the eye-stalks of the snail. The dancers form a large circle and then spiral into the middle and back out again. There are references to it in 19th Century antiquarian journals and its origins can be traced back to medieval dance. The Molinnis Fife and Drum Band provided the accompaniment for Rescorla’s Snail Creep celebrations when they were last performed over sixty years ago.

The obvious reason for calling it the “Snail Creep” is that the dance coils in on itself like the markings on a snail shell: whether there is any deeper significance to this is unclear.

Friends of Rescorla
The Friends of Rescorla is a charity formed to establish the village's former Methodist Chapel as a rural centre for cultural and educational activities. With the support of the Cornish Audio Visual Archive (CAVA) and the Institute of Cornish Studies, they envisage the use of this historic building as the hub of the Rescorla Festival and an exhibition, archive, resource and activity centre. The centre will serve as a base for projects on the Clay Country and rural folklore.

See also

 China Clay
 Eden Project

References

External links
 Friends of Rescorla
 China Clay Country Park
 Cornish Audio Visual Archive
 Institute of Cornish Studies
 Pyba
 Eden Project

Villages in Cornwall


Joaquim Rifé Climent (born 4 February 1942 in Barcelona, Catalonia) was a Spanish footballer, captain of the FC Barcelona, who has most worn the Barcelona shirt a total of 548 played matches. He played in the first team for 12 seasons for the club, between 1964 and 1976.
Following his retirement as a player, he became one of the team trainers and at the end of the season 1978–79 he took charge of the team along with Torres. This duo helped the team to attain The Recopa of Basilea.

He ranks nine among players, by number of starts, in the history of Barcelona.

His brother Llorenç was also a footballer.

Trophies
 1 Leagues: 1973–74.
 2 Cups: 1967–68, 1970–71.
 2 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1965–66, 1971 Trophy Play-Off
 1 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1978–79.

References

External links
 Joaquim Rifé at FCBarcelona.com
Rifé Manager
Stats at LFP
Spain footballer stats
Where do Arsenal need Strengthening?

La Liga players
FC Barcelona players
Spanish men's footballers
Spain men's international footballers
FC Barcelona managers
Levante UD managers
1942 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Catalonia men's international footballers
Footballers from Barcelona
Spanish football managers


Puan is a town in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the administrative centre of the Puan Partido.

Main sights
Monasterio Santa Clara
Laguna de Puan
National Barley Beer Festival

External links

Sitio Oficial de la Municipalidad de Puan
National Barley Beer Festival

Populated places in Buenos Aires Province
Populated places established in 1876
1876 establishments in Argentina


Arthur Max (born May 1, 1946) is an American production designer.

Biography
The native New Yorker began his career as a stage lighting designer in the music industry following graduation from New York University in the late 1960s. Those assignments included work at Bill Graham's famous music venue The Fillmore East in New York's East Village, and the historic Woodstock Festival of 1969. During the following decade, he designed concert lighting and festival stages for many rock and jazz artists. He was Pink Floyd's lighting designer during the bands' tours in the US and worldwide in the early-1970s. After studying architecture in England (earning degrees in the early-1980s from the Polytechnic of Central London and the Royal College of Art), Max went on to do several architectural design projects in London including an award-winning lighting design for the stage of St John's Concert Hall, a former 18th Century church in the centre of Smith Square, Westminster, London.

He entered the British film industry as an assistant to several English production designers. First for Stuart Craig on Hugh Hudson's "Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes" and "Cal" (both 1984), then for Ashetton Gorton on Hudson's "Revolution" the following year. He commenced his own production design career in TV commercials for ten years from 1985 to 1995 (for such clients as Pepsi, Nike, Jeep, Coke and Levi's), which led to his ongoing associations with directors Scott and Fincher.

Awards
Max has been nominated for three Academy Awards: once each for his Production Design work on Gladiator (2000), American Gangster (2007), and The Martian (2015). In addition to his Oscar nominations, Max won several other honors for his production design on the film, including the BAFTA, the National Board of Review prize and the Broadcast Film Critics honor. He also collected two "Excellence in Production Design" Awards from the Art Directors Guild, the first for Gladiator and the second for The Martian. He was previously nominated for Black Hawk Down, Robin Hood, American Gangster, Prometheus and Panic Room. After The Martian (film), Max worked on All the Money in the World (2017) Exodus: Gods and Kings, The Counselor, Kingdom of Heaven, Robin Hood, Black Hawk Down, and Body of Lies. His first job as a Production Designer was Fincher's 1995 thriller, Seven. More recently he completed The Last Vermeer  which was based on a true story of art forgery, set in Holland just after World War II , and his last project was the soon to be released The Last Duel . Subsequently he worked on House of Gucci  on location in Italy marking his 15th project with Director Ridley Scott, and is currently preparing "Kitbag" an historical epic about the rise and fall of Napoleon Buonaparte to be filmed in 2022.

Filmography

References

External links

Arthur Max papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

1946 births
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Alumni of the University of Westminster
American art directors
20th-century American Jews
American production designers
Living people
New York University people
Artists from New York City
Best Production Design BAFTA Award winners
21st-century American Jews


Charles Owen Waterhouse  (19 June 1843 – 4 February 1917) was an English entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. He was the eldest son of George Robert Waterhouse.

Waterhouse was an Assistant Keeper at the British Museum (Natural History), London. He wrote the Buprestidae part of Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin's Biologia Centrali-Americana (1889) and very many papers on the worldwide beetle collections of the museum, describing hundreds of new species.

He was President of the Royal Entomological Society from 1907 until 1908, and was appointed ISO in the 1910 Birthday Honours. Waterhouse died in February 1917 at the age of 73.

References

Works
Distant, W.L. 1917. [Waterhouse, C.O.]  The Entomologist 50: 71–72. BHL
Evenhuis, N.L. 1997. Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758–1930). Volume 1 (A-K); Volume 2 (L-Z). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers.
Gahan, C.J. 1917. [Waterhouse, C.O.]  Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1917: cx–cxii. BHL
Musgrave, A. 1932. Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775–1930. Sydney

1843 births
1917 deaths
Companions of the Imperial Service Order
English entomologists


The Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Central and Southern China (中南剿匪) was a counter-guerrilla / counterinsurgency campaign the communists fought against the Nationalist guerrillas that mostly consisted of anti-Communist irregular forces and Nationalist regular troops left behind after the Nationalist government withdrew from mainland China.  The campaign was fought during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era in six Chinese provinces: Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi, and resulted in a Communist victory.

Strategies

Nationalist strategies
Like other attempts by the Nationalists to wage guerrilla and insurgency warfare against the Communists after being driven from power in China, its strategic miscalculations contributed as much, if not more, to their eventual defeat than their opponents' military and political victories.

At the close of World War II, the Nationalist government--weakened by years of war with both the Japanese and Communist guerrillas--came to an agreement with surrendering Japanese forces. The agreement was that the Japanese would not surrender to Communist authorities but to Nationalist generals and, since the Nationalists did not have sufficient troops to garrison the territory formerly occupied by the Japanese--nor the means to get them there even if they had enough--they allowed the Japanese to keep their weapons and, in fact, "police" the areas they formerly occupied, to keep them from falling into the hands of the Communists. This resulted in further alienation from and resentment against the Nationalist government by the local population, which had already blamed the Nationalists for losing large chunks of the country to the Japanese invaders during the war. Half a decade later, when the Nationalists were driven from mainland China, they made the same miscalculation: they enlisted the help of local "guerrilla" fighters--who were mostly bandit gangs--to fight the Communists, and ordered surviving Nationalist troops to join these units. However, the bandits were feared and hated by the local populace they had robbed and terrorized for so long, and the sight of Nationalist troops fighting with these forces instead of against them did not help to win the "hearts and minds" of the general population. In fact, it achieved exactly the opposite effect, strengthening popular support for their Communist enemy.

The second strategic miscalculation made by the Nationalist government was also similar to the one it made immediately after World War II when it attempted to simultaneously solve (a) the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and (b) the problem of exterminating Communists. The warlords allied with Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government were interested solely in keeping the power, riches and influence they had, and when the invading Japanese offered to let them keep their power and privilege in exchange for their collaboration, they immediately defected to the Japanese.  After World War II, these warlords returned to the Nationalist camp for the same reason they defected to the Japanese. Chiang was caught in a bind--as much as he wanted to pay back these warlord generals who had once betrayed him, to do so would have alienated other factions within the Nationalist ranks. Also, these men did have considerable military power, and could still help the Nationalists by holding on to territory that Chiang's government was unable to, and fighting off the Communists. Chiang's idea was that both his warlord and Communist enemies would be weakened by fighting each other.  In addition, Chiang knew that the warlord forces the Nationalist governments had failed to eradicate were not prime candidates for evacuation to Taiwan half a decade later, and using them to fight the Communists appeared to be the only logical alternative.  If the Communists were greatly weakened by fighting the bandits, it would make it easier for the Nationalists to retake China.  If the bandit gangs were defeated, it would make it easier for the Nationalists to eliminate them after they had retaken China. However, just like those warlords, the bandits were also only interested in keeping their own power, and did not put any real effort in fighting the Communists in the way that some of the Nationalists who were still fighting for their "cause".  The eradication of bandits by the Communist government only served to strengthen support for them among the people, since no previous governments, dating back to the Qing Dynasty, had been able to do so.
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The third strategic miscalculation made by the retreating Nationalist government was similar to the second one, but this concerned its own troops which had been left behind. The Nationalist government faced a dilemma: its best, most highly trained and disciplined troops were desperately needed to defend Taiwan, the last Nationalist sanctuary. Its less disciplined, motivated and experienced troops were definitely not suited for that particular task, and were not given top priority for evacuation.  Instead, they were left behind to fight the Communists behind enemy lines. What this did, however, was to alienate and demoralize those very troops, and it was impossible to expect them to fight their Communist enemy with the same motivation and fervor that the more dedicated Nationalist troops did. Compounding the problem was the fact that the bandit gangs these troops were to work with, because of their knowledge of the local terrain and populace, were often rewarded with higher ranks and more pay than the regular Nationalist troops received. As a result, the Nationalist troops--who were now "guerrilla fighters"--lacked the willingness to work together with the bandits they once hunted down, especially when many of these same bandit gangs had killed their fellow soldiers during previous eradication / pacification campaigns. Many loyal Nationalists were enraged by the fact that they now had to take orders from the very bandit leaders they had once fought. For their part, the bandit leaders felt similarly about their former enemies, and often used these troops in particularly dangerous missions in order to minimize casualties to their own men.

The fourth strategic miscalculation made by the retreating nationalist government was financial and economical. These bandits-turned-guerrillas were mostly provided with arms, but due to the Nationalist government's dire financial straits were not given sufficient supplies and money. The bandits-turned-guerrillas went back to their old habits--robbing and looting the population in their local area. This inevitably drove the people to look to the Communists for protection from the very people who were supposed to be "protecting" them. The trickle of financial support provided by the Nationalist government was simply not enough to support such guerrilla and insurgency warfare on a large scale.

Another unexpected but disastrous result of the insufficient financial support was that worked to erode support for the Nationalist government within its own ranks. Wealthy landowners and businessmen were strong supporters of the Nationalist government. Since it was often their properties and businesses that were being confiscated by the Communists and redistributed to the poor, their hatred of the Communist government was enough to cause many of them to stay behind voluntarily to fight behind enemy lines. However, the landowners and businessmen had also long suffered attacks and depredations by the bandits as well as the Communists. Now that they were ordered to fight under the same men who had once robbed, lotted, kidnapped and at times murdered their friends and relatives, what cooperation they extended to their former enemies was in name only. This policy only served to alienate, dispirit and demoralize these formerly ardent supporters of the Nationalist movement.

Another problem for the Nationalists was the strong disagreement among their own leadership on the best ways to continue this war against the Communist enemy. Military leaders advocated a total war, but this conflicted with the interests of another strong faction of the Nationalist government: landowners and businessmen who had joined the bandits to fight the Communists. They had done so because they believed that the Nationalists would be able to retake mainland China within a few years, after which they would be able to regain their lost lands, businesses and other properties that had been confiscated and redistributed to the poor by the Communists.  If the "total war" tactics advocated by the military leaders would be carried out by the Nationalist guerrillas now working with the bandits on the mainland, the businesses and factories owned by these businessmen would be damaged or destroyed. If the Nationalists did manage to retake China, these properties would require millions of dollars to be rebuilt. In addition, the bandit leaders themselves opposed the "total war" tactic, for their own reasons: if these assets were damaged or destroyed, then there would be little for them to rob and loot. As a result, mutual self-interest trumped mutual animosities--these former enemies were united in their opposition to the military's "total war" policy.

Communist Party strategy
In comparison to the Nationalists, the Communist goal was much simpler and more focused: exterminate all bandits, which was much easier to achieve than the conflicting strategic goal of the Nationalists. The Communists also enjoyed another advantage: their command structure was unified so that they could fight much more effectively compared to their Nationalist adversary, which was unified in name only but fought independently, despite their impressive numbers: the Nationalist army totaled more than 1,160,000 men.  Communists were also much better armed than their opponents due to the Nationalists' rapid retreat from the mainland, which left their government with not enough time to train and equip the guerrillas left behind/ As a result, roughly half of the guerrillas were armed with modern weaponry.  Communists mobilized 63 divisions totaling over 41,000 troops and an additional 60,000 militia in the Central and Southern China Military Region to fight local bandits in the regions including western Henan, western Hubei, southern Jiangxi, northeastern Jiangxi, western Hunan, southern Hunan, western Guangdong, northern Guangdong, Pearl River Delta, western Guangxi, southeastern Guangxi and the border region between Hubei, Anhui and Henan.  The campaign in central and southern China actually consisted of several smaller campaigns including Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan, Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Guangxi, Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Western Hunan and Campaign to Suppress Bandits in the Border Region of Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan.

Campaign
The Communists planned their campaign in three stages, with the first lasting from May to November 1949. Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Guangdong Military Districts mobilized available regular and militia forces and launched waves of offensives against bandits; by the end of the year, over 334,600 bandits had been annihilated.  After a brief and dormant period, however, the bandits/guerrillas counterattacked in the spring of 1950. The Communist high command of the Central and Southern Military Region held a conference in March 1950 to discuss the next step and decided it would take three months to eradicate the bandits. Over 40,000 troops were allotted to the Hunan Military District to eradicate bandits in western Hunan, Taifu (太浮) Mountains in Changde and Dragon Mountain in Shaoyang, and by the end of June 1950 over 40,000 bandits had been killed. An equal number were killed in the same period in Pearl River Delta and on the coastal islands in Guangdong. Meanwhile, eight regiments of Guangxi Military District managed to kill over 30,000 bandits in southeastern Guangxi.

In July 1950 the bandits/guerrillas became overly confident due to the outbreak of the Korean War, believing that the Communist regime would collapse because it was not a match for the much more powerful US military. Consequently, they decided to launch a massive offensive. The Communist high command of Central and Southern Military Region held a second conference and decided to reinforce Guangxi and Guangdong, concentrating on western and northern Guangdong. In western Hunan two commands in the north and south would be formed to better coordinate the campaigns aimed at eradicating bandits in the border region of Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces.  By the end of May 1951 over 500,000 bandits had been eradicated. This marked the end of conventional warfare, which the bandits/guerrillas could no longer launch and they also could no longer mass sufficient strength to launch any strikes that posed a real threat to the communist regime.  By the beginning of June 1950 the campaign turned into purely counter-guerrilla warfare.  The Communists improved upon their military success by sending over 30,000 cadres to the countryside to support land reform, and managed to win the support of most of the peasantry there. The Communists further changed their tactics by forming over 3,000 counter-guerrilla teams and fought the bandits/guerrillas with guerrilla warfare, and after a year over 76,000 bandits were further eradicated.

On June 1, 1952, the Communists adjusted their tactics once more due to the progress made earlier, and the concentration turned into counterinsurgency warfare, with the responsibility transferred to local police forces.  However, the Chinese police force at the time, the Public Security Army (Gong An Jun, 公安军) was a branch of the regular army. By April 1953 another 17,000 bandits were eradicated, and in June 1953 all tasks were transferred to police forces when the Communists declared that the campaign ended with the eradication of over 1.16 million bandits in central and southern China.

Outcome
Although sharing the common anti-communist goal, the nationalist guerrilla and insurgency warfare was largely handicapped by the enlistment of bandits, many of whom had fought and killed nationalist troops earlier in the eradication / pacification campaign, and compounded by the additional differences within the nationalist guerrilla, the nationalist guerrilla and insurgency warfare against its communist enemy failed.  For the communists, in addition to the complete eradication of the bandits, another benefit of the campaign was obtaining a valuable source of tough soldiers: most bandits were captured and surrendered with a significant portion of them later joined People's Volunteer Army to fight in the Korean War, and facing the overwhelming superior firepower of UN, their performance was considered “heroic” and “brave” by the communists. However, due to obvious political reasons, their banditry past was carefully left out in the communist propaganda and it was not until in the late 1990s was the truth finally allowed to be publicized.

See also
List of Battles of Chinese Civil War
National Revolutionary Army
History of the People's Liberation Army
Chinese Civil War

References

Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000,  (set)
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987,  (pbk.)
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990,  (set)
Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001,  (set)
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997,  (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volum 3), 7801370937 (Volum 4), and 7801370953 (Volum 5)

Conflicts in 1949
Conflicts in 1950
Conflicts in 1951
Conflicts in 1952
Conflicts in 1953
Battles of the Chinese Civil War
Military history of Shandong
1949 in China
1950 in China
1951 in China
1952 in China
1953 in China
Campaigns to Suppress Bandits


The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1980 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1980. Republicans lost one seat but gained four Democratic-held seats.

Overview

Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:

District 1

District 2

District 3

District 4

District 5

District 6

District 7

District 8

District 9

District 10

District 11

District 12

District 13

District 14

District 15

District 16

District 17th

District 18

District 19

District 20

District 21

District 22

District 23

District 24

District 25

District 26

District 27

District 28

District 29

District 30

District 31

District 32

District 33

District 34

District 35

District 36

District 37

District 38

District 39

District 40

District 41

District 42

District 43

See also
97th United States Congress
Political party strength in California
Political party strength in U.S. states
1980 United States House of Representatives elections

References
California Elections Page
Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives

External links
California Legislative District Maps (1911-Present)
RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions

1980
United States House of Representatives
California


The YJ-91 () is an anti-radiation air-to-surface cruise missile produced by the People's Republic of China. It is a derivative of the Zvezda-Strela Kh-31P anti-radiation variant.

The YJ-91A is the anti-ship variant.

Operators

People's Liberation Army Air Force
People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force

References

Citations

Bibliography

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Anti-ship cruise missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-surface missiles
Anti-radiation missiles of the People's Republic of China
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s


Thomas Wilcher is a high school athletic coach and teacher who was previously a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I track and field national champion in the indoor 55 m hurdles and a three-time NCAA All-American in track and field for the University of Michigan.  Wilcher was also a running back for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 1983–1986.   In his redshirt senior year, he was a member of the Big Ten Conference football champion team as well as a 110 m hurdles Big Ten individual champion. Wilcher was a 9th round selection (226th overall) by the San Diego Chargers in the 1987 NFL Draft.

In high school, Wilcher was a Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) record-setting hurdler and four-time All-American.  As an athlete, he is a ten-time MHSAA track and field champion and a two-time Michigan High School Track and Cross Country Athlete of the Year award winner.  He was also a Junior Olympics champion in the 110 m hurdles and an All-state and All-American tailback in football. He was also an All-City swimmer.

, Wilcher is the head coach for the football team and the boys' track & field team as well as the physical education teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit.  As a boys' track coach, he is a three-time MHSAA team track and field champion, and his school has also twice been the MHSAA runner up.  In his role as a football coach, he is a three-time MHSAA Division 1 champion and a former Detroit Free Press Coach of the Year who has produced five players who have been selected in the NFL draft.

High school

At Detroit Central High School, in track and field, he was a four-time All-American, ten-time MHSAA champion (three-time team, four-time relay, three-time individual) and Michigan High School Track and Cross Country Athlete of the Year award winner in both 1981 and 1982.  He led Detroit Central to three consecutive state MHSAA Class A championships as a team from 1980–1982.  As a sophomore in 1980, he was the anchor of the Class A state champion 4 × 440 yard relay race team.  As a junior in 1981, he won the MHSAA Class A  high hurdles, as well as participated on the 4 × 440 and 4 × 110 MHSAA champions.  As a senior, he won both the low hurdles (300 m) and high hurdles (110 m) as well as participated on the state champion 4 × 100 meter MHSAA champions.  His time of 13.5 in the 110 metre hurdles was the state all class record from 1981–1986 and continues to be tied for the second fastest time in state high school history.  His 1982 time of 13.6 seconds continues to be the fastest 110 meter hurdles time ever run at the MHSAA state championship meet.  Although not officially recognized as a record due to metric conversions from yards to meters, the 1982 time of 41.7 in the 4 × 100 is considered indistinguishable from the official record and is described as a notable performance according to state records.

Nationally, he was the number one ranked scholastic high hurdler as a junior as well as the number one ranked long (low) hurdler as a senior and was undefeated by high school athletes in both years in the respective events.  As a junior, he won the 1981 AAU Junior Olympic Games in the high hurdles (By some accounts he was an AAU Junior champion in 1982).  As a senior, he won the International Prep and Golden West low hurdle races.  He was timed as fast as 13.48 seconds and 13.28 (wind-aided).  In addition to his track accolades, he was an All-state and All-American tailback and All-City swimmer.

Some sources regard his 13.2 time in the 1982 AAU Junior Olympic Men 110 Meter Hurdles Young event a national record as of May 2013. As of 2009, the AAU considered it to be the national record. However, as of 2013, AAU regarded Booker Nunley's July 27, 2008 13.41 time to be the junior Olympic record for the newly named 17-18 division (which was said to be formerly known as the Young division).

College
Wilcher was recruited to the University of Michigan by Thomas E. Moss Sr., the former Deputy Chief of Police for the Detroit Police Department. In 1986, he won the NCAA indoor 55 meter hurdles Championship, and he placed fifth in the NCAA outdoor 110 m hurdles with a time of 13.57, earning both indoor and outdoor track & field All-American honors.  He had also placed third in the outdoor 110m hurdles in 1985 earning All-American honors. In 1987, he was the outdoor Big Ten Conference 110 meter hurdles champion and earned first team All-Big Ten honors.  Wilcher holds numerous Michigan Wolverines records in the high hurdles including both the team indoor 60 meters (converted),  team outdoor 110 meters, and Michigan indoor track building records.  Wilcher's personal best and team record time of 13.52 seconds in the 110 meter hurdles came at the 1985 Penn Relays where he was also the event champion.  He was the Big Ten winter sports athlete of the week in January 1986 for his hurdling performance.

In February 1985, Wilcher was involved in an altercation stemming from an intramural basketball game.  Thomas Wilcher incurred penalties of 72 hours of public service deferred sentence, US$429 court costs and restitution in Ann Arbor District Court.

Wilcher, who wore #27 as a   Wolverine, redshirted as a true freshman in 1982 and played sparingly in his second and third seasons.  He earned varsity letters in football as a redshirt junior and redshirt senior for coach Bo Schembechler.  He totaled  rushing and eight touchdowns as a tailback in the same backfield as Jamie Morris.  However, he never caught a pass.  In his final season, he totaled 397 rushing yards and six touchdowns.  That year, he was a member of the 1986 Big Ten Conference football champions who went on to the 1987 Rose Bowl, but accumulated no statistics in the Rose Bowl.  He accumulated statistics in eleven of the thirteen games played and started twice.  He had also started one game in 1985.  In his best games, he rushed for  and a touchdown on 16 carries in a 34–3 win against the South Carolina Gamecocks football team on September 21, 1985, and he rushed for two touchdowns and  in Morris' absence in a 34–17 win against the Wisconsin Badgers football team on October 4, 1986. His touchdowns were the first two in what became Schembechler's 200th victory. On September 27, 1986, his seven-yard (6 m) touchdown run cemented a homecoming victory against the Florida State Seminoles football team by putting the team up 20–10 with 1:27 remaining.

A ninth round selection, Wilcher was the first member of the San Diego Chargers 1987 draft class to sign with the team. After graduating, Wilcher competed for the University of Chicago Track Club while training for the United States Olympic Trials for the 1988 Summer Olympic Games.  On May 8, 1988, he won the Jesse Owens Classic with a 110-meter high hurdles time of 13.70.  At the Olympic Trials on July 23, 1988, at Indiana University Track and Field Stadium, his second-round heat included Arthur Blake, Jack Pierce, and Greg Foster who placed first, second and third respectively as well as Tony Dees.

Coaching

Michigan State University
In 2021, Wilcher accepted an off-field position on the staff at Michigan State University with the football team.

High School
Wilcher is the former football head coach at Cass Technical High School in Detroit, where entering the 2011 MHSAA semifinals, the team had compiled a 99–56 (.639) record and competed in the MHSAA Class-A playoffs ten times since he became head coach in 1997.  He was the 1998 Detroit Free Press High School Football Coach of the Year, with his Detroit City Class-A runner-up team. At Cass, some of his athletes have included Vernon Gholston, and Marko Cooper, who was 1999 All-USA second team. One of the first star players he coached (as an assistant coach) was future Michigan Wolverines-leading rusher and NFL-athlete Clarence Williams.  In 2007, Joseph Barksdale was the Detroit News' No. 1 Blue Chip Prospect, Parade All-American, U.S. Army All-American Bowl Participant (East Roster), USA Today All-USA High School First Team, The ESPN.com 150, Rivals.com Top 100 for 2007, Scout.com Hot 100 for 2007, and SuperPrep All-American. William Campbell also made the NFL.

The 2010 team went 12–1 and lost 24–21 in the MHSAA Division I semifinals, when they fumbled on the 6-yard line on second-and-4 with less than a minute remaining. The 2011 team won the state Division 1 championship by 49–13 margin against Detroit Catholic Central High School at Ford Field with a freshman quarterback, Jayru Campbell, who also plays basketball and runs track. The 2012 team won the third consecutive district championship and qualified for the state Division I championships. The 2012 team defended their championship by defeating Detroit Catholic Central High School 36–21 at Ford Field in a rematch of the prior year's state championship match. The 2011 and 2012 state champions had a defensive backfield with future Michigan Wolverine and NFL players Jourdan Lewis and Lano Hill. In 2013, Detroit Catholic Central upset Cass Tech in the state semifinals by a 28–0 score. The following year, Saline High School upset Cass Tech  in the 2014 state semifinals 30–15. In 2015, Cass tech reached the 2015 MHSAA Division 1 state final game at Ford Field, but lost to Romeo High School after losing starting quarterback Rodney Hall earlier in the playoffs. In 2016 with Hall at quarterback, Cass Tech went undefeated to win the MHSAA Division 1 state championship over Detroit Catholic again. In 2017, Cass Tech lost to West Bloomfield High School in the MHSAA Division I semifinals.

Wilcher is also the Cass boys' track and field coach. The team won the MHSAA Class A track and field championships in 1994, 1995, and 1996 under Wilcher.  The team was state runner up in the MHSAA Lower Peninsula Division 1 Championships in 2001 and 2002.  Among the track athletes he has trained are NCAA All-American Pierre Vinson, and current Michigan Wolverine, Nick McCampbell.

NFL draftees

Vernon Gholston
Vernon Gholston did not play football at Cass until his sophomore year and did not play on defense (at linebacker) until his senior year. Gholston did not even see himself as a football player when he was in high school, yet he has gone on to become an Ohio State Buckeyes football defensive end, the 2007 Big Ten Conference Defensive lineman of the year and the sixth overall selection in the 2008 NFL Draft.  According to Gholston, "It was between periods and I was going to my next class. . . .He thought I was actually somebody’s father walking down the hall. He asked me whom was I looking for. I was like, 'Nobody. I go here.' He really couldn't believe it. He kind of grabbed me at that point and put me on the team."

A similar, although more indepth, story of the recruitment of Gholston has been told by Wilcher: "He was walking down the hall with a Bible in his hands," Wilcher said. "He was already built like a grown man; he was all cut up (like a bodybuilder). I asked him, 'Can I help you sir?' He looked around to see who I was talking to. I said, 'Are you looking for a student?' He said, 'No, I go here.' He said he was a freshman. I thought he was lying."  When the defensive coordinator kicked Gholston off the team for being too soft, Wilcher went to his house and dragged him back into the program: "I told him I didn't care if he wasn't tough enough, he was going to play football for me," Wilcher said. "I knew that he had desire to play. My only regret is that I didn't put him at running back. I didn't know how fast he was."

Head coaching record

source:

Personal
Wilcher and his wife Crystal have a son, Kishon, and daughters Kaila and Kiersten.  Kishon is a redshirt sophomore cornerback for the Toledo Rockets. Kaila was the 2012 Detroit Public School League champion in the 300 meter dash.

References

African-American players of American football
African-American male track and field athletes
American football running backs
American male hurdlers
Cass Technical High School alumni
High school football coaches in Michigan
Living people
Michigan Wolverines football players
Michigan Wolverines men's track and field athletes
Central High School (Detroit) alumni
Players of American football from Detroit
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century African-American people


John Alexander Brodie (1858 – 1934) was an English civil engineer. He was especially known for his contribution to town planning in Liverpool, notably as one of the engineers who led the design of the Mersey Tunnel under the River Mersey.

Early life
John Alexander Brodie was born in Bridgnorth on 1 June 1858. His father, James Brodie, was a Scottish man from Kettins. Brodie served his apprenticeship in 1875, working in the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board engineering department under Chief Engineer George Fosbery Lyster. In 1879, he won scholarships to study mathematics at Owen's College in Manchester. After graduation, he served a three-year traineeship in the office of Sir Joseph Whitworth.

Civil engineering career
After a short spell working for the Liverpool City Engineer's Department, he set up a private consultancy and spent some time working in Bilbao, Spain. He returned to Britain in 1884.

Brodie was a keen sportsman and played rugby and golf. In 1889 he invented the goal net for use in football matches, and he said that this was the invention of which he was the most proud.

Brodie returned to Liverpool in 1898 as the city engineer suggesting several improvements for the town such as the UK's first ring road, electric trams and the East Lancashire Road, the UK's first intercity highway.

He pioneered a new system of road layout, in which conventional road traffic would run along a dual carriageway with the central reservation being used for a segregated reserved track for trams. This layout formed the basis of Brodie's wide new boulevards such as Queens Drive and adjoining radial roads such as Menlove Avenue. This technique was later used in road building projects in Manchester, for Kingsway and Princess Road.

Brodie was at the fore front of pre-fabricated housing technology, promoting the use of pre-cast reinforced concrete slabs as a means of building houses quickly and cheaply; he presented an example of this technique to the Cheap Cottages Exhibition at Letchworth Garden City. The design attracted attention from across the world and he is known to have influenced Grosvenor Atterbury who used a similar technique to build the houses at Forest Hills Gardens.

Brodie was also interested in town planning and this was recognised in 1912 when he was asked to help select the site of and plan New Delhi. He visited India twice for this purpose and in 1931 was invited to the official opening ceremony by the Viceroy owing to the high regard that Edwin Lutyens, the chief planner had for him.

Brodie served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between 1920 and 1921, becoming the first local authority engineer to receive the accolade. He was also an Associate Professor of Engineering at Liverpool University and vice-president of the Liverpool Self-Propelled Traffic Association which would later become a constituent of the Royal Automobile Club.

Brodie's greatest engineering achievement was the Mersey Tunnel. Brodie worked on this project jointly with engineer Sir Basil Mott and the tunnel was completed in 1934 following nine years in the making. Running from Liverpool city centre under the River Mersey to emerge in Birkenhead, the tunnel was originally conceived with a tramway for Liverpool Corporation Tramways which would run along a lower section beneath the roadway, but this plan was later abandoned. At the time of its construction it was the world's longest underwater road tunnel, a title it held for 24 years, and remains to this day the UK's largest municipal engineering project.

Personal life
Brodie married Aimée Freeland, the daughter of Hugh Freeland from Uddingston, in 1897 in Glasgow. They had two sons and two daughters.

Death and legacy

On 16 November 1934, Brodie died at Aigburth Hall in Liverpool's Aigburth suburb at the age of 76.

After Brodie's death, Liverpool City Council named Brodie Avenue in his honour. His former Liverpool home where he lived from 1858 to 1934, 28 Ullet Road near Sefton Park, is commemorated with an English Heritage blue plaque. There is also a Stonegate pub called The John Brodie on Allerton Road in the Mossley Hill suburb.

References

British civil engineers
1858 births
1934 deaths
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Harbour engineers
English people of Scottish descent
Engineers from Liverpool
People from Bridgnorth


Nagorski or Nagórski (feminine: Nagórska; plural: Nagórscy) is a Polish surname. It may refer to:

 Andrew Nagorski (born 1947), American journalist
 Jan Nagórski (1888–1976), Polish aviator

See also

 Nagurski
 Nagorsky (disambiguation)

Polish-language surnames


Francheville () is a census division (CD) of Quebec, with geographical code 37. It consists of Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality and the territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) of Trois-Rivières (which is a city and also a census subdivision).

It is named after the former Francheville Regional County Municipality, which was abolished in 2002 when its constituent municipalities were reorganized into their current structure.

The division had a population of 143,267 in the Canada 2006 Census.  The 2006 version of Francheville census division differed from the 2001 version in that on January 1, 2002, Saint-Étienne-des-Grès moved from the defunct Francheville Regional County Municipality to Maskinongé Regional County Municipality (thus leaving the census division) and Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel moved from the defunct Le Centre-de-la-Mauricie Regional County Municipality to Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality (thus joining the census division).

References

Census divisions of Quebec


The Mwenezi River, originally known as the Nuanetsi River, is a major tributary of the Limpopo River. The Mwenezi River starts up in south central Zimbabwe and flows south-east along what is known as the Mwenezi River Valley that bisects the district into two sectors. The river is found in both Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In Zimbabwe it has been known as the Nuanetsi or Nuanetzi River in the past, a name it retains in Mozambique.

The river flows through Gonarezhou National Park on its way to joining the mighty Limpopo River. The Mwenezi river is a major tributary and flows north–south. They do not meet in Zimbabwe, but converge to a distance of 20 km downstream into Chicualacuala District, Mozambique. In between is the Sengwe Communal Land in Chiredzi District of Masvingo Province, mostly a flat and undulating area around 300 m in altitude.

Hydrology

The Mwenezi River is a river with an intermittent flow generally restricted to the months when rain takes place (November to April), with most flow recorded between December and February, except where it has been modified by dam operations. The river contributes 6.7% of the mean annual runoff of the Limpopo Basin, making it the third largest tributary to the Limpopo basin.

Its major tributaries are the Dinhe, Manyoshi, Mtedzi, Mhondi, Makugwe, Sosonye, Sovoleli, Malole, Mwele and Mushawe rivers.

Settlements along the river
The towns and settlements below are ordered from the source of the river to its mouth:

 Chegato mission
 Mwenezi village
 Mabalauta Camp, Gonarezhou National Park
 Malipati village

Bridges and crossings

There are four main bridges spanning the Mwenezi River:

 Bridge on main Masvingo - Beitbridge road, near Rutenga, also a rail bridge.
 Bridge on Chegato - Mataga road
 Bridge on Dinhe - Neshuro road
 Bridge near Malipati on road from Chikombedzi

There are also a number of fords.

Development

In addition to a number of small weirs, there is one major dam on the Mwenezi River: Manyuchi Dam in Mwenezi (District), which supplies water to Rutenga and for the irrigation of sugar cane. Water released from the Manyuchi Dam is taken up for these users at Rinette Weir.

Two additional dam sites have been identified between Manyuchi Dam and Mwenezi village, but development is not currently scheduled.

Wildlife

The river supports a diverse range of wildlife, including herons, hippos and Nile crocodiles. A number of people lose their lives to these crocodiles, as well as countless domestic animals like goats, calves and donkeys.

See also
 Mushawe
 Limpopo River
 Manyuchi Dam
 Mwenezi District

References

External links

 Flora of Zimbabwe

Geography of Masvingo Province
Mwenezi (District)
Rivers of Mozambique
International rivers of Africa
Tributaries of the Limpopo River


The 22nd Alabama Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.

Service
The 22nd Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Montgomery, Alabama, November, 1861, and armed by private enterprise. It first served in Mobile, Alabama; from there it was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi, and reached Tennessee in time for the Battle of Shiloh, where it suffered severe loss. It fought at Munfordville, 14 to 16 September 1862; at Perryville, 8 October, and at Murfreesboro, 31 December to 2 January 1863. It took a very brilliant part in the impetuous assault on Rosecrans' army at the Battle of Chickamauga, 20 September, and suffered severely, losing almost two-thirds of its forces, the killed including five color-bearers. It served in the campaign in Georgia, losing heavily in the battles around Atlanta, Georgia, July, 1864, and at Jonesboro, 31 August and 1 September.  It was also distinguished at Franklin, 30 November; at Nashville, 15 and 16 December; at Kinston, North Carolina, 14 March 1865, and at Bentonville, 19 to 21 March. In April it was consolidated with the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-ninth and Fiftieth, under Colonel Toulmin.

Colonel John C. Marrast passed away while still in the military, having achieved great success. At Shiloh, Captain Abner C. Gaines was fatally wounded and Major R. B. Armistead was killed. Lieutenants J. H. and J. N. Smith. Wall fell at Murfreesboro, Lieutenant Colonel John Weedon, Captain James Deas Nott and Lieutenants Waller Mordecai and Renfroe were killed at Chickamauga; Colonel Benjamin R. Hart, Captain Thomas M. Brindley, Lieutenants Leafy and Stackpoole at Atlanta, and Captain Ben. B. Little were killed at Jonesboro. The other field officers were Colonel Zach C. Deas, afterward a noted brigadier-general; Colonel Harry T. Toulmin, later U.S. district judge; Lieutenant Colonels Napoleon D. Rouse and Herbert E. Armistead; Majors Thomas McPrince, Robert D. Armistead and Robert Donnell.

1861

Company D was organized at Dublin, Alabama, and elected officers 17 September 1861 at Montgomery, Alabama.  Company D and her sister companies were formed from men who were recruited from Calhoun, Cherokee, Choctaw, Clarke, Mobile, Montgomery, Pike, Randolph, and Walker counties.  The 22nd Alabama Infantry Regiment was then organized by Major Z. C. Deas and Major Robert B. Armistead in Montgomery, Alabama, on 6 October 1861. On 25 October 1861, Major Deas was elected and commissioned colonel. Colonel Deas spent $28,000 in gold to equip the regiment with 800 Pattern 1853 Enfield rifles.  On 5 November 1861, the 22nd Alabama was ordered to report to General Withers at Mobile, District of Alabama, where it encamped during that winter.

1862

Ordered to west Tennessee in January 1862, Major General Bragg transferred Brigadier General A. H. Gladden (of Louisiana) to Mobile, and created Gladden's Brigade including the 22nd Alabama.  On 1 February 1862 the 22nd Alabama and her brigade were in the Department of Alabama and West Florida, in the Army of Mobile under General Withers.  On 26 February 1862 the brigade (under Gladden) was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi by General Bragg.  The 22nd Alabama was then engaged from 6 to 7 April 1862 in the Battle of Shiloh, where it operated under the 1st Brigade of Brigadier General Adley H. Gladden who was wounded and died on 12 April 1862.  Colonel Deas later assumed command of the 1st Brigade temporarily until wounded himself on 7 Apr.  During this engagement the 22nd Alabama and 1st Brigade were under the 2nd Division (commanded by Brigadier General Jones M. Withers) of the 2nd Corps (commanded by Major General Braxton Bragg) under the Army of Mississippi (commanded by General Albert S. Johnston). The 22nd Alabama suffered heavy losses, and reported 123 men fit for duty after the battle.

During April 1862 the 1st Brigade (with the 19th, 22nd, 25th, 26th/50th, and 39th Regiments) was placed under Brigadier General Franklin Gardner, who ultimately led this brigade into Kentucky.  The 39th Alabama was absorbed at the railhead in Tupelo, Mississippi, south of Corinth.  In May 1862 the brigade was camped a few miles north of Tupelo at the town of Saltillo, Mississippi.  During Jun 1862 the brigade formed the 17th Battalion of Sharpshooters.  On 30 Jun 1862 Gardner's Brigade was in a Reserve Corps of Bragg's Army.  During August 1862 the 1st Brigade (and Army of Mississippi, under Bragg) was loaded into railcars at Saltillo & Tupelo and were transported south by the Mobile and Ohio Railroad to Mobile, changed trains, and transported north to Montgomery, West Point, Atlanta, then Chattanooga.  By 18 to 20 August 1862 Gardner's Brigade was with Major General Leonidas Polk at Chattanooga.  On 28 August 1862 the Army of Mississippi began its march to Kentucky and arrived at Munfordville, Kentucky, on 17 September 1862, where it was engaged in the Battle of Munfordville.

Following the battle the 22nd Alabama accompanied Bragg's Army of Mississippi as it continued its march into Kentucky, reaching Hodgenville and Bardstown in October, where on 4 October 1862 the regiment witnessed the inauguration of the Confederate governor of Kentucky at Frankfort.  Shortly afterward on 8 October 1862 during the Battle of Perryville the 1st Brigade was held in reserve and not involved much in the battle except for some skirmishing.

On 9 October 1862 General Bragg reached Knoxville and renamed his army the Army of Tennessee.  The 22nd Alabama stayed in Knoxville for a couple of weeks, until ordered to Murfreesboro, Tennessee.  During November 1862 Brigadier General Gardner was promoted to major general and transferred to Port Hudson, Louisiana.  Subsequently, on 13 December 1862, Colonel Deas was promoted to brigadier general.  During this period, President Jefferson Davis reviewed the Army of Tennessee at Murfreesboro. Finally on 31 December 1862 Brigadier General Deas formally assumed command of 1st Brigade.

1863

From 31 December to 2 January 1863 the regiment fought fiercely in the Battle of Murfreesboro (also called Stone's River). The 22nd Alabama and the 1st Brigade fought under the 2nd Division (commanded by Major General Jones M. Withers) under Polk's Corps (commanded by Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk) under the Army of Tennessee (commanded by General Braxton Bragg).  The 22nd Alabama suffered 94 casualties. After ferocious, bloody fighting in the Battle of Murfreesboro, ten gallant men from the 22nd Alabama were inscribed into the Confederate Roll of Honor:

 Company A: Sergeant W. D. Sumner
 Company B: Private William Sellers
 Company C: Corporal J. L. Husbands
 Company D: First Sergeant Benjamin Franklin Nelson
 Company E: Sergeant P. A. Minton
 Company F: Corporal N. B. Walker
 Company G: Private J. R. Black
 Company H: Corporal W. R. Larry
 Company I: Private J. J. McVey
 Company K: Private J. N. Eilands

Following the battle, 1st Brigade retreated to Shelbyville, Tennessee, where it was joined later by the rest of the Army of Tennessee.  During the first half 1863 the Army of Tennessee occupied a front in southern Tennessee from Shelbyville to Tullahoma.  The 1st Brigade now commonly referred to as Deas Brigade, and remained under Wither's Division and Polk's Corps.  At the end of July 1863 Deas' Brigade evacuated the Shelbyville and Tullahoma area and pulled back to Chattanooga, Tennessee due to flanking by Union Army, and then during August the Army of Tennessee occupied Chattanooga.

From 6 to 7 September 1863 the Army of Tennessee evacuated Chattanooga and marched southward, where it participated from 18 to 20 September in the Battle of Chickamauga.  During the battle the 22nd was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel John Weedon, assisted by Captain Harry T. Toulmin, under Deas' Brigade (Brigadier General Zachariah C. Deas), under Hindman's Division (Major General Thomas C. Hindman), under the Left Wing (Lieutenant General James Longstreet), under the Army of Tennessee (General Braxton Bragg). On 19 September, Deas' Brigade was placed in a line of battle (Saturday morning) near Lee and Gordon's Mill, on southern end of Confederate line, and formed a line of log breastworks. The 22nd Alabama was in the line of battle which moved to assault Union Major General William Rosecrans at Chickamauga, where it lost 5 color bearers and 175 killed and wounded out of about 400 engaged.

The 22nd Alabama lost lightly in November 1863 at the Battle of Missionary Ridge and wintered at Dalton, Georgia, where weather and sickness claimed 272 men.

1864

The 22nd Alabama under the command of General George D. Johnston of Perry County, participated in the campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, losing gradually by the constant fighting. At Atlanta, from 22 to 28 July, the loss in the regiment was high, as it was at Jonesboro. It moved into Tennessee with General John Bell Hood and suffered severely at Franklin and lightly at Nashville.

1865
The 22nd Alabama was transferred beyond the Edisto and moved into North Carolina, skirmishing with the advance of Union Major General George Thomas' army. The loss at Kinston and Bentonville was light, with Colonel Harry Toulmin leading the brigade. The regiment was consolidated with the 25th Infantry in the field in early 1865 and then it was also consolidated with the 25th, 39th, and 26/50th at Smithfield, 9 April 1865, with H. T. Toulmin as colonel, N. B. Rouse (Butler) as lieutenant colonel, and Robert Donald (Limestone) as major, and then surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina, on 26 April 1865.

Total strength and casualties

Commanders

 Colonel Zachariah Cantey Deas
 Colonel John Calhoun Marrast
 Colonel Benjamin R. Hart
 Colonel Harry Theophilus Toulmin

Field and Staff Officers

Field and staff officers included:
Colonels: Zachariah Cantey Deas (wounded, Shiloh, promoted to BGen), John Calhoun Marrast (died in service, 1863), Benjamin R. Hart (KIA, Atlanta, Jan., 1864), and Harry Theophilus Toulmin
Lieutenant Colonels: John Calhoun Marrast (promoted), John Weedon (KIA, Chickamauga), Benjamin R. Hart (promoted), Harry Theophilus Toulmin (promoted), and E. Herbert Armistead (KIA, Franklin)
Majors: Robert Burbage Armistead (KIA, Shiloh), John Weeden (promoted), Benjamin R. Hart (wounded, Chickamauga, promoted), Thomas McCarroll Prince (wounded, Franklin);
Adjutants: Elias F. Travis (wounded, Shiloh, and transferred), William G. Smith (resigned), J. L. Lockwood (wounded, Jonesboro).

Company commanders
Co. "A" (Walker): John Weedon (promoted to major); Isaac M. Whitney
Co. "B", Frank Lyon Rifles (Clarke): James Deas Nott (KIA, Chickamauga); Joseph R. Cowan (wounded, near Marietta)
Co. "C", Brownrigg Warriors (Choctaw): Abner C. Gaines (KIA, Shiloh); Thomas McCarroll Prince (wounded, Chickamauga; promoted to major); Joseph R. Cowan (wounded near Mobile)
Co. "D" (Cherokee): Stephen R. Hood (resigned, 10 January 62); Edward Herbert Armistead (promoted); T. C. Hagood; Thomas M. Brindley (KIA, near Atlanta, July 64)
Co. "E" (Calhoun): John R. Northcutt (resigned, 13 June 62); Jacob G. Mordecai
Co. "F" (Randolph): O. W. Shepherd (wounded, near Shiloh; resigned, 27 May 62); James B. Martin; Hures Austill
Co. "G" (Randolph): R. G. Roberts (dismissed, 25 June 63); S. H. Pairs (deserted, 27 October 62); Benjamin B. Little (KIA, Jonesboro); William O. Baldwin (KIA, Franklin)
Co. "H", Sam Cooper Rifles (Mobile): Wilton L. Young (promoted to major, 10th Bn.); Harry T. Toulmin (wounded, Shiloh; promoted to major); Simon Franklin Preston
Co. "I" (Pike): Andrew P. Love (wounded, Shiloh; resigned, 1 July 62; transferred to Jeff Davis' Cavalry); Willis C. Wood (wounded, Murfreesboro; resigned, 31 October 64); Willis H. Henderson (wounded, Kinston)
Co. "K" (Montgomery and Pike): Benjamin R. Hart (promoted to major); Hugh W. Henry.

See also
Alabama Civil War Confederate Units
Alabama in the American Civil War

References

Further reading
Clemmer, Gregg. S. Valor in Gray: The Recipients of the Confederate Medal of Honor. Staunton, Virginia,: Hearthside Publishing Company, 1998.

External links
 22nd Regiment, Alabama Infantry – Battle Unit Details, NPS

Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Alabama
1861 establishments in Alabama
Military units and formations established in 1861


Damnation (Ride the Madness) is the 1999 studio solo album of the American deathrock veteran musician Eva O, released on the German label Massacre Records.  The album was announced as the first half of a two album set, but the sequel, to be titled Salvation (Are You Ready to Die?), was not released.  Her 2005 album Damnation/Salvation includes rerecorded versions of songs from this album along with the Salvation (Are You Ready to Die?) songs.

Overview
The album deals with Eva's past in the occult world and spiritual struggles. "Damnation & Damnation II" begins with a sample depicting the four riders of the apocalypse approaching, creating an oppressive, hopeless atmosphere that characterizes the album. Common theme is Eva's struggle against hypocrisy and her existential journey between heaven and hell, a constant subject since her days as companion of now deceased Rozz Williams. The album's overall sound is dominated by her twisted vocals, harsh guitars, industrial beats, and apocalyptic folk guitar parts. Eva O criticizes Christian fundamentalists, stares into the eye of hell and preaches Crowleyan principles, all seeming as a kind of desperate mantra to exorcise her inner demons. The music is dramatic in the electro gothic tradition, laden with synthesizer strings and stately male backing vocals.

Despite the fact Eva O was a Christian at the time of the album's production and release, Massacre Records considered the album too intense for Christian bookshops.

Track listing
"Damnation & Damnation II"
"Damnation (part 2)"
"One By One"
"Blood Lust"
"Panting For Love"
"Beauty of Hell"
"Ride the Madness"
"The Devil"
"Complete Hell"
"Stand Before The Light"

References

Further reading

1999 albums
Eva O albums


Aboubacar Tandia (born 3 October 1983) is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Career
Tandia played for Red Star 93, US Roye, Pau FC, and AS Beauvais Oise.

After trialling with US Sénart-Moissy, he joined the club in October 2011.

References

1983 births
Living people
French sportspeople of Senegalese descent
Men's association football forwards
French men's footballers
Footballers from Paris
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Primeira Liga players
Red Star F.C. players
US Roye-Noyon players
Pau FC players
AS Beauvais Oise players
Villemomble Sports players
Associação Naval 1º de Maio players
US Sénart-Moissy players
FCM Aubervilliers players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal


Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord (Saguenay and its Fjord) is a census division (CD) of Quebec, with geographical code 94.

It consists of the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality and the territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) of Saguenay (which is a city and also a census subdivision).

Prior to February 18, 2002, the separate municipalities that were amalgamated into the current city of Saguenay were all part of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality.  The territory of the pre-2002 Le Fjord-du-Saguenay regional county municipality corresponded exactly to that of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord census division.

References

Census divisions of Quebec


The 1985 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 56th playing of the game, annually played between the All-Stars of the National League and the All-Stars of the American League. The game was played on July 16, 1985, in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota, home of the Minnesota Twins.

Roster
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Starters

National League
NL Batting Order
1. Tony Gwynn, OF, San Diego Padres
2. Tom Herr, 2B, St. Louis Cardinals
3. Steve Garvey, 1B, San Diego Padres
4. Dale Murphy, OF, Atlanta Braves
5. Darryl Strawberry, OF, New York Mets
6. Graig Nettles, 3B, San Diego Padres
7. Terry Kennedy, C, San Diego Padres (in place of Gary Carter)
8. Ozzie Smith, SS, St. Louis Cardinals
9. LaMarr Hoyt, P, San Diego Padres

American League
AL Batting Order
1. Rickey Henderson, OF, New York Yankees
2. Lou Whitaker, 2B, Detroit Tigers
3. George Brett, 3B, Kansas City Royals
4. Eddie Murray, 1B, Baltimore Orioles
5. Cal Ripken Jr., SS, Baltimore Orioles
6. Dave Winfield, OF, New York Yankees
7. Jim Rice, OF, Boston Red Sox
8. Carlton Fisk, C, Chicago White Sox (in place of Lance Parrish)
9. Jack Morris, P, Detroit Tigers

Pitchers

National League
Joaquín Andújar, St. Louis Cardinals (did not attend)
Ron Darling, New York Mets
Scott Garrelts, San Francisco Giants
Rich Gossage, San Diego Padres
Dwight Gooden, New York Mets
LaMarr Hoyt, San Diego Padres (starting pitcher)
Jeff Reardon, Montreal Expos
Nolan Ryan, Houston Astros
Fernando Valenzuela, Los Angeles Dodgers

American League
Bert Blyleven, Cleveland Indians
Willie Hernández, Detroit Tigers
Jay Howell, Oakland Athletics
Jimmy Key, Toronto Blue Jays
Donnie Moore, California Angels
Jack Morris, Detroit Tigers (starting pitcher)
Dan Petry, Detroit Tigers
Dave Stieb, Toronto Blue Jays

Reserves

National League
Tony Peña, C, Pittsburgh Pirates
Ozzie Virgil Jr., C, Philadelphia Phillies
Jack Clark, 1B, St. Louis Cardinals
Pete Rose, 1B, Cincinnati Reds
Ryne Sandberg, 2B, Chicago Cubs
Garry Templeton, SS, San Diego Padres
Tim Wallach, 3B, Montreal Expos
José Cruz, OF, Houston Astros
Pedro Guerrero, OF, Los Angeles Dodgers
Willie McGee, OF, St. Louis Cardinals
Dave Parker, OF, Cincinnati Reds
Tim Raines, OF, Montreal Expos
Glenn Wilson, OF, Philadelphia Phillies

American League
Rich Gedman, C, Boston Red Sox
Ernie Whitt, C, Toronto Blue Jays
Cecil Cooper, 1B, Milwaukee Brewers
Don Mattingly, 1B, New York Yankees
Damaso Garcia, 2B, Toronto Blue Jays
Alan Trammell, SS, Detroit Tigers
Wade Boggs, 3B, Boston Red Sox
Paul Molitor, 3B, Milwaukee Brewers
Harold Baines, OF, Chicago White Sox
Phil Bradley, OF, Seattle Mariners
Tom Brunansky, OF, Minnesota Twins
Gary Ward, OF, Texas Rangers

Umpires

Game summary

The National League won the game 6–1, with the winning pitcher being LaMarr Hoyt of the San Diego Padres and the losing pitcher being Jack Morris of the Detroit Tigers. Hoyt also won the game's MVP award. The National League was managed by the Padres' Dick Williams, while the American League was managed by Sparky Anderson of the Tigers.

Williams was backed by coaches Jim Frey and Bob Lillis and Anderson was aided by coaches Bobby Cox and Dick Howser.

The teams' honorary captains each starred in the 1965 All-Star game, also held in Minnesota -- Harmon Killebrew for the AL, and Sandy Koufax for the NL.  In the game two decades ago, Koufax earned the NL win, and Killebrew hit the AL's second home run.

Attendance was announced as 54,960.

External links
Baseball Almanac
Baseball-Reference.com

Major League Baseball All-Star Game
Baseball competitions in Minneapolis
All-Star Game
Major League Baseball All Star Game
July 1985 sports events in the United States
1980s in Minneapolis