The 2008 Missouri Democratic presidential primary took place on Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008, with 72 delegates at stake. The winner in each of Missouri's nine congressional districts was awarded all of that district's delegates, which totaled 47. Another 25 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner, Barack Obama. The 72 delegates represented Missouri at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. Sixteen other unpledged delegates, known as superdelegates, also attended the convention and cast their votes as well.

Polls

Results

Clinton had a large initial lead as the rural precincts began reporting, leading several news groups to call the primary for her. However, Obama rallied from behind as the numbers began to come in from the heavily African American precincts in and around St. Louis to win by just under 12,000 votes. The pledged delegates were evenly split between the two candidates. Geographically, Clinton won 109 of the 115 counties in the state, while Obama carried St. Louis, Kansas City and the areas around the college towns of Columbia and Maryville.

Analysis

Elections in Missouri have historically always been rather close, and the Democratic Primary of 2008 proved no exception to that trend as Barack Obama of neighboring Illinois just barely nipped Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has roots in neighboring Arkansas, by fewer than 12,000 votes. The popular vote was so close, however, that both candidates ended up evenly splitting the state's 72 delegates. According to exit polls, 76 percent of voters in the Missouri Democratic Primary were Caucasians and they opted for Clinton by a margin of 57-39 compared to the 17 percent of African Americans who backed Obama by a margin of 84-15. Regarding age, Obama won younger voters under the age of 40 by a margin of 64-32; Clinton won voters ages 40–49 by a margin of 52-47 and tied Obama among voters 50-64, and she won senior citizens ages 65 and over by a margin of 63-32. Pertaining to socioeconomic class, Clinton won extremely poor voters making less than $15,000 a year by a margin of 52-45 while Obama won voters making $15,000-$30,000 by a margin of 55-42. Clinton won middle class voters making $30,000-$50,000 by a margin of 49-48, while Obama won upper middle class and more affluent voters making over $50,000 by a margin of 54-43. As it relates to educational attainment, Clinton won less educated voters (those who did not graduate high school backed her by a margin of 55-42 compared to those who at least graduated high school who went for her 53-44) while Obama won more educated voters (those who had some college and/or an associate degree backed him 52-45; college graduates went for him 64-30, and those who had a postgraduate degree supported him 67-32). Self-identified Democrats, who made up 73 percent of the total turnout in the Democratic Primary, backed Clinton by a margin of 50-47 compared to the 22 percent of Independents who supported Obama by a margin of 67-30 and self-identified Republicans, who comprised 6 percent of the electorate, who supported Obama by a margin of 75-21. Obama won self-identified liberals by a margin of 58-39 and self-identified conservatives by a margin of 58-38 while Clinton won moderates by a margin of 49-48. Regarding religion, Obama won almost all major denominations – other Christians backed him by a margin of 63-33; other religions supported him by a margin of 61-36; and atheists/agnostics went for him by a margin of 51-46. Ironically, Roman Catholics in Missouri also supported Obama by a margin of 50-46; this religious bloc solidly favored Clinton nationwide. Conversely, Clinton won Protestants by a margin of 55-43, again ironic seeing as how most Protestants favored Obama nationwide.

Obama did best in and around St. Louis, particularly in the urbanized city with a substantial African American community which gave him 71.09 percent of the vote. He also performed extremely well in St. Louis County, taking in 62.78 percent of the vote in the most affluent county in Missouri which contains many of the St. Louis Suburbs. Obama also won Jackson County, which contains Kansas City, with 55.42 percent of the vote; Obama carried Kansas City but lost the rest of Jackson County. Obama also performed strongly in Boone County, which contains Columbia and is home to the University of Missouri-Columbia, the flagship of the Missouri public university system. He also won neighboring Cole County, which contains Jefferson City, as well as Nodaway County in Northwestern Missouri which contains Northwestern Missouri State University in Maryville.

Clinton performed extremely well geographically all throughout the rest of the state, especially in the more rural parts of the state outside of Kansas City and St. Louis. She won the Kansas City Suburbs, including St. Joseph in Buchanan County and some of the St. Louis Exurbs, including St. Charles County. Her best performance in the state was in Southeast Missouri where eight counties gave her over 70 percent of the vote. This area of the state, most of which is a part of the 8th District in the U.S. Congress, is heavily Democratic at the local level as Democrats control all county offices in all but four of the 28 counties in the congressional district. It is also fairly Democratic-leaning at the state level, going handily to Governor Jay Nixon in the Missouri Gubernatorial Election of 2008, and while Southeast Missouri was won by Republicans George W. Bush and John McCain from 2000–2008, the region gave Bill Clinton one of his largest margins of victory in 1992 and 1996. The area has many of the demographics in Clinton's favor – it is predominantly white and made up of working-class individuals who tend to be politically moderate on several issues. She also performed well in Southwest Missouri, the most conservative part of the state, in and around Springfield and Joplin. Northern Missouri also strongly backed Clinton.

Endorsements
Democrats from Missouri's congressional delegation were evenly split, a true testament to the outcome of the primary. U.S. Representative William Lacy Clay Jr. of the 1st District, who is African American, as well as U.S. Representative Russ Carnahan of the 3rd District, endorsed Barack Obama. Both of their districts, which take in most and parts of St. Louis, were won by Obama in the Missouri Democratic Primary. U.S. Representative Emanuel Cleaver of the 5th District, who is African American, as well as U.S. Representative Ike Skelton of the 4th District, endorsed Hillary Rodham Clinton. Cleaver's district went for Obama while Skelton's district was handily won by Clinton.

U.S. Senator Claire McCaskill came out as an early endorser of Barack Obama as well, citing pressure from her younger daughter as the main reason why she decided to endorse him.

County by county results
 Hillary Rodham Clinton's strongest performance in Missouri was Dunklin County, located in the Bootheel of Southeast Missouri. With its close proximity to Arkansas, Dunklin County backed Clinton with 78.44 percent of the vote while Barack Obama only received 18.31 percent. Dunklin County was also Obama's worst performance in Missouri.
Barack Obama's strongest performance in Missouri was St. Louis City. Predominantly urban with a substantial African American population, St. Louis City backed Obama with 71.09 percent of the vote while Hillary Clinton only received 27.25 percent. It was both Clinton and John Edwards's worst performance in Missouri.
Although he didn't carry it, Shelby County in Northeast Missouri was John Edwards's strongest performance in Missouri, as he received 7.57 percent of the vote here. Clinton, however, carried Shelby County with 54.37 percent of the vote.
The closest county in Missouri was Howard County, located just west of Boone County. Clinton won Howard County with 48.37 percent of the vote while Obama received 46.61 percent, a 1.77-percent difference.

See also
 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
 2008 Missouri Republican presidential primary

References

Missouri
Democratic primary
2008
2008 Super Tuesday


Baykalsko or Baikalsko () is a village in Radomir Municipality, Pernik Province, Southwest Bulgaria. Population: 75 (as of January 1, 2007).  It is named after Lake Baikal, Russia.

Until 13 July 1951, Baykalsko was named Chokl'ovo.

Honours
Baykal Point on Brabant Island, Antarctica is named after the village.

References

Villages in Pernik Province


The 2008 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary took place on Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008, with 48 delegates at stake. The winner in each of Connecticut's five congressional districts was awarded all of that district's delegates, totaling 31. Another 17 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner, Barack Obama. The 48 delegates represented Connecticut at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. Twelve other unpledged delegates, known as superdelegates, also attended the convention and cast their votes as well.

Connecticut held a closed primary, meaning only registered Democrats could vote.

Campaign
The Connecticut Legislature voted to move Connecticut's presidential primaries to February 5 in order to increase the state's stature in the presidential nominating process, as many other states also did for the primaries of both parties. Largely due to a close Democratic race, the legislature's dream came true, as both Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama devoted much attention in the state through television advertising, and even campaigned in the state the day before the primary:
Clinton campaigned in New Haven, conducting a round-table discussion at Yale University. She had campaigned in Hartford one week earlier.
Barack Obama held a huge rally at the XL Center (formerly the Hartford Civic Center) in Hartford, attracting over 16,000 people.

Going into Super Tuesday, the state was viewed as a toss-up and was seen as an important bellwether for the overall race on Super Tuesday. The predictions were right as the results gave Obama a narrow victory over Clinton; the second-closest race on Super Tuesday (only in Missouri was the race closer). Connecticut was considered an upset by the media and the Clinton campaign due to Connecticut's close proximity to Clinton's home state of New York.

Polling

Up until late January 2008, New York Senator Hillary Clinton seemed clearly favored to win the Connecticut primary, taking a wide lead over her second closest rival, Illinois Senator Barack Obama, in every poll. However, a poll on January 27, 2008, showed a tie between Clinton and Obama. After that, polls showed a close race. Clinton took a 13 point lead over Obama in one poll, but Obama led by 2 and 4 in 2 more polls. The final poll showed Obama leading Clinton with 48% to 46%.

Results

The turnout of almost 355,000 voters shattered the previous record for a primary election in the state, even topping the bitterly contested 2006 Connecticut Democratic U.S. Senate Primary between Joe Lieberman and Ned Lamont.

Analysis
Barack Obama's narrow win in the Connecticut Democratic Primary can be traced to a number of factors. According to the exit polls, 82 percent of voters in the Connecticut Democratic Primary were Caucasian and they narrowly favored Clinton by a margin of 49-48 compared to the 9 percent of African American voters who backed Obama by a margin of 74-24 and the 6 percent of Hispanic/Latino voters who also backed Obama by a margin of 53-43. Obama won all age groups except senior citizens ages 65 and over who narrowly backed Clinton by a margin of 50-47. Obama also won more affluent voters making over $50,000 while Clinton won less affluent voters making less than $50,000. Obama also won higher-educated voters (college graduates 57-42; postgraduate studies 58-41) while less-educated voters backed Clinton (some college or associate degree 53-43; high school graduates 55-41). While registered Democrats narrowly favored Clinton 50-48, Independents largely favored Obama by a margin of 62-32; he also won all ideological groups. Pertaining to religion, Obama won all major denominations except Roman Catholics who backed Clinton with a 59-39 margin – Obama won Protestants 61-36, other Christians 63-33, Jews 61-38, other religions 65-32, and atheists/agnostics 52-47.

While all counties in Connecticut were extremely close, Obama won six of the state's eight counties – Clinton won New London and Windham counties in Eastern Connecticut.

See also
 2008 Connecticut Republican presidential primary
 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries

References

Connecticut
2008 Connecticut elections
2008
2008 Super Tuesday


Aichkirchen is a village in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany. It is part of the municipality Hemau.

Regensburg (district)


Club San Luis is an Argentine rugby union and field hockey club from the city of Tolosa in La Plata Partido, Buenos Aires Province. The rugby team currently plays in the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. Likewise, the hockey team competes at the tournaments organised by the Buenos Aires Hockey Association (AHBA).

San Luis' main rival is fellow platense club La Plata.

History
In 1960, La Plata's "Colegio San Luis" registered a team with the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires. A year later "Club San Luis" was founded and started playing friendly games, being Horacio Lascano its provisory president. In 1962 San Luis registered with Argentine Rugby Union, having been recommended by Club Pueyrredón and Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club. Ernesto Cóppola was elected as club's first president.

In 1967 the team debuted in "Tercera de Clasificación" (then the third division of Argentine rugby) championship, being the runner-up at the end of the season. Two years later San Luis promoted to the second division.

In 1975 San Luis played its first international match, a friendly game against Uruguayan team Old Christians, which was formed by some survivors of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571. After a European tour, the team promoted to first division that same year. In 1978 the club was relegated again due to a restructuring in the league system.

In 1985 the club bought land close to the school. Thanks to donations from the college alumni, the club would go on to build several rugby fields, as well as a club house. Named La Casona, the club's installation were officially inaugurated in 1986. The main stadium, named Luis María Manes, was inaugurated in 1989.

In 1992 San Luis returned to first division, although a year later the club would be relegated again to second division. Nevertheless, in 1994 San Luis got another promotion to first division. In 1998 the team got its only title to date, the Nacional de Clubes championship, shared with San Cirano after a [draw in the final game. In 2000 San Luis toured over South Africa for the first time

The women's field hockey section was added in 2007, and its stadium opened a year later. To commemorate its 50th. anniversary, in 2011 San Luis changed its traditional home jersey by one in vertical stripes, similar to football team San Lorenzo de Almagro's.

Titles
Nacional de Clubes (1): 1998

References

External links

s
s
S
s


Griselles is the name of two communes in France:
 Griselles, Côte-d'Or
 Griselles, Loiret


Avrainville is the name of three communes in France:
 Avrainville, Meurthe-et-Moselle
 Avrainville, Vosges
 Avrainville, Essonne


CAE Oxford, part of CAE Inc., is an ab initio flight training network. It provides integrated aviation training and resourcing services. Professional airline pilots have been trained at the Oxford Aviation Academy (OAA) flight school since 1961.

OAA operates 125 training aircraft, 64 flight simulators, and 10 training centres, delivering a portfolio of aviation training courses. OAA's 3 ab initio airline pilot training schools have trained more than 26,000 professional pilots over the past 50 years. OAA's seven training centres offer approved airline pilot, cabin crew and maintenance engineer training on a wide range of aircraft types including Boeing, Airbus, Bombardier, BAE Systems, and Embraer.

The Oxford Aviation Academy includes the former Oxford Aviation Training, a commercial pilot training school based at London Oxford Airport in the United Kingdom; Falcon Field in Arizona, United States; the former SAS Flight Academy; the former GECAT and the former BAE Systems Woodford, United Kingdom Training Centre, all of which are majority owned by STAR Capital Partners of London with a minority stake of less than 20% retained by GE Commercial Aviation Services.

The Airline Pilot Programme First Officer course is a full-time, integrated Civil Aviation Authority / European Union Aviation Safety Agency (CAA/EASA) course leading to the award of a 'Frozen' (becoming unfrozen when the candidate has completed 1,500 hours in a multi-pilot environment) airline transport pilot licence (ATPL).

History

The Oxford Flying Club was opened by the mayor of Oxford in 1939. However, restrictions placed on civil aviation during the Second World War curtailed its activities, and the airfield operated as RAF Kidlington for the duration of hostilities. The club reopened in 1947, renamed as the Oxford Aeroplane Club. During the 1950s, it gradually increased its fleet and, by 1960, had become a flying school geared to the training of professional pilots.

In 1961, the flying school's parent company, Oxford Aviation, merged with the Pressed Steel Company to become British Executive Air Services Ltd. (BEAS). Dedicated ground school buildings and student residential accommodation were provided on site, and the first fully integrated Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL) and instrument rating (IR) courses began in May 1962.

In 1963, the BEAS Flying Training Division was renamed Oxford Air Training School. Since then, over twenty thousand trained commercial pilots and aircraft engineers have graduated from the school. Including the first ever Commercial Space Shuttle Pilot's Licence, which was awarded in 1989. The school changed its name to Oxford Aviation Training (OAT) in the 1990s.

On June 19, 2007, OAT's parent company, BBA Aviation, now Signature Aviation, sold OAT to GCAT Flight Academy (formerly General Electric Commercial Aviation Training, part of GE Aviation and SAS Flight Academy, part of Scandinavian Airlines System) for $63 million (£32 million). The deal was backed by GCAT Flight Academy's majority shareholder, STAR Capital Partners, an independent venture capital fund.

In early February 2008, GCAT Flight Academy changed its registered name to Oxford Aviation Academy Ltd. OAT's branding and logo adorning the training centre at Oxford and Goodyear Airports were replaced, with the new logo bearing the title 'Oxford Aviation Academy'. The insignia on the tailplanes of its Piper PA-28 Warrior and Piper PA-34 Seneca aircraft were also replaced with the new logo design. The new logo also appeared at the 8 locations formerly named GCAT Flight Academy, including those in Scandinavia and Hong Kong that GCAT purchased from SAS Flight Academy and the Woodford Training Centre, purchased from BAE Systems. These changes were a result of both GCAT Flight Academy and Oxford Aviation Training being re-branded as Oxford Aviation Academy.

In 2008, OAA acquired General Flying Services, based in Moorabbin Airport, Moorabbin, Victoria, Australia.

In 2020, it was announced that CAE Oxford would close all ground training in early 2021 and move to a new location at CAE Gatwick, ending a legacy of over 50 years.

Fleet

The fleet includes the following:

Gallery

See also
Phoenix Goodyear Airport
British Airways
Pilot licensing and certification
Buckinghamshire New University

References

External links

Official website

Aviation schools in the United Kingdom
Education in Oxfordshire
Educational organizations established in 1961
1961 establishments in England
Kidlington


Bouville is the name of three communes in France:
 Bouville, Eure-et-Loir
 Bouville, Seine-Maritime
 Bouville, Essonne


Chevannes is the name or part of the name of the following communes in France:

Chevannes, Côte-d'Or, in the Côte-d'Or department
Chevannes, Essonne, in the Essonne department
Chevannes, Loiret, in the Loiret department
Chevannes, Yonne, in the Yonne department
Billy-Chevannes, in the Nièvre department
Chevannes-Changy, in the Nièvre department
 see also Chavannes


The cat (Felis silvestris catus), also known as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from other felines, is a small carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal that is often valued by humans for its companionship and its ability to hunt vermin.

Lists of cats include:
 List of individual cats – individual notable cats
 List of cat breeds
 List of experimental cat breeds
 List of fictional cats
 List of fictional cats in animation
 List of fictional cats in comics
 List of fictional cats in film
 List of fictional cats in literature
 List of fictional cats in television


The Mitsubishi 740, also known as MELPS 740, is a series of 8-bit CMOS microcontrollers and microprocessors with an enhanced MOS Technology 6502 compatible core based on the expanded WDC 65C02. The ICs were manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric during the 1980s and 1990s.

The 740 family was primarily intended for single-chip implementations, and included optional RAM and ROM or EPROM on-die. Other additions included a variety of optional timers, input/output lines, and many other features. It was estimated around 600 variations could be ordered.

In 2002, Mitsubishi and Hitachi merged their chip divisions to form Renesas Technology, and then in 2010 with NEC Electronics to produce Renesas Electronics. The 740 family is now properly known as the Renesas 740.

History
In 1984, the first 740-series part, M50740, appeared in the 1984 Mitsubishi Single-Chip Microcontroller Databook, and was manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric.  Further research is needed to determine the exact date the M50740 was announced.

In 1998, it was reported in EDN magazine, that MELPS 740 family had more than 600 different variations.

In 2002, Mitsubishi Electric and Hitachi agreed to merge their chip operations into a new $7 billion semiconductor company to be called Renesas Technology.  The companies said they would both move their respective semiconductor operations to Renesas, including microcomputer, logic, analog, discrete devices, and memory (flash memory, SRAM, etc.) with the exception of DRAMs.  Renesas Technology was established on April 1, 2003, as a joint venture of Hitachi (55%) and Mitsubishi Electric (45%).

In 2009, Renesas Technology and NEC Electronics reached a basic agreement to merge, and on April 1, 2010 the two merged into Renesas Electronics.

Though legacy Mitsubishi parts are no longer manufactured, the 740 instruction set is still alive in newer Renesas microcontroller series, such as 38000/740 series and 7200 series.

Instruction Set
The Mitsubishi 740 family has a processor core that executes a superset of the 6502 instruction set including many of the extensions added in the 65C02. There is a core set of new instructions common across all 740 family members, plus other instructions that exist in specific parts.

The major change in the 740 family compared to the 65C02 is the addition of a new processor status flag, T, in the formerly unused bit 6. When T is set (to 1), the X register acted as a zero page address for the second operand for instructions using zero page addressing. This allowed the program to select a location in the zero page to act as a sort of second accumulator, setting the X register to point to it, and then removing that address from the instruction format. For instance, in the 6502 an ADC addr adds the contents of a zero-page memory location at addr to the value in the accumulator. Using T, this can be reduced to a single byte, ADC. This improves code density and avoids the memory cycle needed to read the address. The value in the T flag is set and cleared using the new SET and CLT instructions.

In most members of the 740 family, addresses  through  of the zero page are set aside as the "Special Function Registers", or SFR. These are used to control various add-ons like built-in I/O ports or timers. Some members of the family also include the "Stack Page Selection Bit" (SPSB) within the SFR. When the SPSB is clear (set to 0), the stack is relocated to the zero page instead of its normal location in page one. As most members of the 740 family have the zero page implemented on-die (instead of in external RAM), using the SPSB allows programs to have a working system entirely in a single chip, with appropriate ROMs. Many members of the 740 family include on-die ROM or EPROM as well, allowing for complete single-chip implementations of small programs like device drivers. Since the stack grows downward from the top of the page,  in this case, this requires the upper portion of page to be left otherwise unused to provide space for the stack.

Common instructions
The following is a list of new instructions and existing instructions with new modes in all 740 family parts. Some of these are from the W65C02, and others apply only to the 740 family.

W65C02 additions
 BBC - Branch Bits Clear - Branches when the contents of the bit specified in the accumulator or memory are clear (0). Known as BBR, Branch on Bit Reset, in Rockwell terminology.
 BBS - Branch Bits Set - Branches when the contents of the bit specified in the accumulator or memory are set (1).
 BRA - Branch Always - Jump to address where offset has been added to the program counter, +127,-128.
 CLB - Clear Bits - Clear the contents of the bit specified in the accumulator or memory to zero (0).
 DEC - Decrement - Decrement the contents of accumulator (6502 was X and Y or memory only).
 INC - Increment - Increment the contents of accumulator or memory by one.
 SEB - Set Bits - Set the specified bit contents of accumulator or memory to one.

740 family additions
 CLT - Clear T Flag - Clear the contents of X-modified arithmetic mode flag to zero.
 COM - Complement - One's complement (1's) of contents of memory and store it into memory.
 RRF - Rotate Right 4 - Rotate the contents of memory to the right by 4 bits.
 SET - Set T flag - Set the contents of X-modified arithmetic mode flag to one.
 TST - Test - Tests whether the contents of a memory location is zero or not.
 LDM - Load Memory - Load memory with immediate value.

Missing instructions
The W65C02 (as opposed to the original 65C02) added several new instructions originally designed by Rockwell Semiconductor. These included instructions to set or clear (which they referred to as "reset", not "clear") single bits in memory, as well as instructions to branch if those bits were set or clear. These were retained in the 740 family.

However, the W65C02 also included the test-and-set/reset instructions, which tested if the bit was set or clear, setting the Z flag appropriately, and then either setting or clearing that bit. These were useful for waiting on certain flags to appear and then resetting them before handling the flag. These instructions were not included in the 740.

Additionally, the original 65C02's STZ single-instruction STore Zero was not retained, but this functionality was partially replaced by LDM.

The W65C02 also added several new instructions for low-power operation. These may or may not be available on all members of the 740 series.

The following instructions are not available in M50740A, M50740ASP, M50741, M50752, M50757, M50758 parts.
 WIT ($C2) - Stops the internal clock until an interrupt is received. Called WAI in W65C02. Widely used by device drivers, which are generally interrupt driven.

The following instructions are not available in M50752, M50757, M50758 parts.
 STP ($42) - Stops the internal clock completely until a RESET is received.

Multiply/Divide instructions
The following instructions are available in M37450 parts.
 MUL ($62) - Multiply 8-bit x 8-bit - Multiplies accumulator with the memory specified by the zero page X addressing mode and stores the high byte of the result on the stack and the low byte in the accumulator.
 DIV ($E2) - Divide 16-bit / 8-bit - Divides by accumulator the 16-bit data that is the contents of  M(zz+x+1) for high byte and the contents of the next address memory for low byte, and stores the quotient in the accumulator and the remainder on the stack as one's complement.

Oscillator instructions
The following instructions are available in M50740A, M50740ASP, M50741, M50752, M50757, M50758 parts.
 SLW ($C2) - Releases the connection between the oscillator output and pin Xoutf.
 FST ($E2) - Connects oscillator output to Xoutf.

Part groups

Parts with external EPROM / ROM
These parts don't have any internal EEPROM or ROM, thus require an external EEPROM or ROM to hold the firmware.
 M37450S
 M50734
 M50740ASP

Parts with external piggyback-EPROM
These parts have pins on the top of the package to allow an EPROM to be plugged into it.  These parts are expensive and primarily used during development purposes.
 M37450PSS, M37450PFS.
 M50740-PGYS, M50742-PGYS, M50743-PGYS, M50745-PGYS, M50752-PGYS, M50753-PGYS.
 M50931-PGYS, M50941-PGYS, M50950-PGYS, M50955-PGYS, M50964-PGYS.

Parts with internal EPROM
These parts have internal EPROM memory.  They are available as either as OTP (one-time programmable) EPROM or Eraseable Window EPROM.
 M37410E, M37450E.
 M50746E, M50747E.
 M50944E, M50957E, M50963E.

Parts with internal Mask-ROM

Commercial temperature:
 M37410M, M37415M, M37450M.
 M50708, M50740, M50740A, M50741, M50742, M50743, M50744, M50745, M50746, M50747, M50747H, M50752, M50753, M50754, M50757, M50758.
 M50930, M50931, M50932, M50940, M50941, M50943, M50944, M50950, M50951, M50954, M50955, M50957, M50959, M50963, M50964.

Extended temperature:
 M50744T, M50747T, M50753T.
 M50930T.

Parts

M50734
The M50734 is a ROM/RAM-less device includes peripherals such as UART, Serial I/O, A/D, Watchdog timer, VCU, 32 parallel I/O ports. A choice of 8 and 16-bit timers to manage real time tasks. Its instruction set is a superset of the 6502 microprocessor.

Incorporated into this particular IC are the following:
 Enhanced 6502 processor
 24 digital I/O
 4 inputs to 8-bit analog-to-digital converters
 Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)
 High-speed interprocessor link
 Power-down SLEEP mode
 Extended memory addressing

The M50734SP/FP and the M50734SP/FP-10 are unique CMOS LSI microprocessor with UART, clocked serial I/O, analog-to-digital converter, VCU, watchdog timer  and 32-bit parallel I/O arranged around the M5040 CPU core. Since the M50734 has multiple internal timers for real-time control, it is ideal for controlling office automation equipment such as printers, typewriters, plotters, copy machines, FAX and handy word processors.  Use of the CMOS process enables low power consumption, making the M50734SP also suitable for applications where battery-powered operation is required.

The difference between the M50734SP and the M50734FP, or between the M50734SP-10 and the M50734FP-10 lies only in the package. The difference between the M50734SP/FP and the M50734SP/FP-10 lies only in the maximum clock frequency.

Other vendors
In the 1990s a clone of the M50959 was manufactured in Russia with the designation KF1869VE1 ().

See also
 Interrupts in 6502 processors
 List of 6502 assemblers
 List of 6502 C compilers
 Megahertz myth

References

Further reading

8-bit processors
 Mitsubishi Single-Chip Microcontroller Databook; 1984; archive.org, M50740 datasheet (first chip of 740-family)
 Mitsubishi Single-Chip 8-Bit Microcontroller Databook; 1989; archive.org, numerous 740-family datasheets
 Renesas 740 Software Manual; 2006; renesas.com, 740-family instruction set
 Renesas 3800 User Manual; 1996; renesas.com
 Renesas 38K2 User Manual; 2003; renesas.com
16-bit processors
 Mitsubishi M37700 Software Manual; 1989; archive.org
 Mitsubishi Single-Chip 16-bit Microcomputer Databook; 1990; archive.org

External links
  Renesas 740 Family
 C38 C Compiler for Mitsubishi 740, Byte Craft, supports 7600, M509xx, M371xx, M374xx, M38xxx.

65xx microprocessors
Mitsubishi Electric products, services and standards
Renesas microcontrollers


The Red Fulani is an African breed of cattle found from Mali across Niger and northern Nigeria to Chad and Cameroon.

Characteristics
They are reddish-brown in colour with long lyre-shaped horns, and of the Sanga type, intermediate between Zebu and humpless cattle, with cervico-thoracic humps, though they appear more Zebu than most Sanga cattle. They are able to withstand heat, ticks, insect bites and scarcity of water and feed. Local names of the breed include Brahaza, Djafoun (Cameroon), Fellata (Chad and Ethiopia), Fogha, Gabassaé, Gadéhé, Hanagamba, Kréda (Chad), Mbororo, Rahaza, Red Fulani, Red Longhorn.

Uses
The breed is used for milk and meat production by nomadic herders in the arid Sahel.

References

Red cattle


Igny may refer to one of the following communes in France:

 Igny, Essonne, in the Essonne department
 Igny, Haute-Saône, in the Haute-Saône department
 Igny-Comblizy, in the Marne department
 Igny Abbey, in the Marne department


Tuscola Airport  is a privately owned public use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) southwest of the central business district of Tuscola, a city in Douglas County, Illinois, United States.

The airport is a major base for crop-dusting aircraft in the area to support farms growing corn, soybeans, and other crops. The airport is home to an Illinois branck of Atlantic Ag Aviation. The airport received an EPA-approved chemical loading site in 2010 after being bought by its current owner.

Facilities and aircraft
Tuscola Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 665 feet (203 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 9/27 with a gravel surface measuring 2,660 by 30 feet (811 x 9 m).

For the 12-month period ending May 31, 2022, the airport had 8,700 aircraft operations, an average of 23 per day, all general aviation. No aircraft were based at the field at the time.

Accidents and incidents

 On October 20, 2008, a Howard Super Sky Raider crashed while taking off from Tuscola Airport. During the takeoff roll, the aircraft started to "angle to the right." The pilot applied hard left rudder pedal, but the airplane continued to turn right and went off the right side of the 30-foot wide runway, and traveled about 35 feet into a cornfield. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain control during the takeoff roll.
 On July 15, 2009, a Beechcraft S35 Bonanza departed the end of the runway while landing at Tuscola Airport. The pilot’s first attempt to land resulted in a go-around because the airplane was too high and fast. During the second landing attempt, the airplane bounced and the pilot did another go-around. The plane was still too fast on the third attempt and touched down 1/3 or 1/2 way down the runway. The pilot applied the brakes, but the airplane went off the end of the runway. The pilot made a sharp left turn to avoid hitting a ditch head-on. The right main landing gear and nose gear collapsed, and the right wing came to rest on the road. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain proper speed and distance during approach, which resulted in landing long and subsequent runway excursion.

References

External links
 Aerial image as of 27 March 1999 from USGS The National Map

Airports in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Douglas County, Illinois


Janvry is the name of two communes in France:
 Janvry, Marne
 Janvry, Essonne


Leroy Walker may refer to:
LeRoy Pope Walker (1817–1884), first Confederate States Secretary of War
LeRoy T. Walker (1918–2012), first black president of the United States Olympic Committee


Unyk.com is a contact management website that allows users to put together an intelligent address book.

Concept

Users complete their personal and professional contact information in their profile on the website. They can then aggregate the contacts from all their messaging services in their address book, and invite these contacts to complete their own profile on the website. When information is edited by a user, that information automatically appears in his contacts’ address books, and vice versa. Contrary to other sites, the user's contacts are not visible to other users.

A UNYK mobile platform, as well as a function to export contacts to major social networking platforms, are planned upgrades.

Company information

The company has been in business since 2005 and has recently announced that it has reached 31 million users and more than a billion managed contacts on the site.
Unyk.com was an independent company that was financed by private capital, until October 2009, when it was bought by the social network Viadeo. They announced in early 2012 that UNYK had been fully integrated into Viadeo. The unyk.com website lands at a parking page as of December 2018.

References

External links
  Unyk.com Web site

Online person databases


Pedro Tudela (born 1962 in Viseu, Portugal) is a Portuguese artist.

As a student, he co-founded the Missionary Group (Grupo Missionário), where he collaborated from 1981 to 1987. In 1992, on the occasion of the exhibition "Mute... life", he founds the collective Multimedia Mute Life Dept. (MLd). Author of and Presenter of the Radio Programmes “Choose a Finger” and “Reduced Atmosphere” on the XFM Radio station, between 1995 and 1996. He co-founded the @c project in 2000 with Miguel Carvalhais. Collaborates with the Group Virose and becomes a member of the Virose – Associação Cultural e Recreativa in 2000. He co-founded of Crónica Media Label. Graduates in Fine Arts [Painting] at ESBAP, Porto, Portugal, 1987. He has regularly exhibited in Portugal and abroad since 1982, and is now a professor at the University of Porto.

References

External links
Home page

1962 births
Living people
Portuguese artists


The Gambling Commission is an executive, non-departmental public body of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for regulating gambling and supervising gaming law in Great Britain. Its remit covers arcades, betting, bingo, casinos, slot machines and lotteries, as well as remote gambling, but not spread betting. Free prize competitions and draws are free of the Commission’s control under the "Gambling Act 2005"

The stated aims of the Commission are to keep crime out of gambling, and to protect the vulnerable. It issues licenses to operators and advises the government on gambling-related issues. It also collaborates with the police over suspected illegal gambling.
The Commission replaced the Gaming Board for Great Britain in 2007. In 2013, it assumed responsibility for regulating the National Lottery.

History
The Gambling Commission was established under the Gambling Act 2005 and assumed full powers in 2007, taking over responsibility from the Gaming Board for Great Britain, in regulating arcades, betting, bingo, casinos, slot machines and lotteries, but not spread betting (regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority). The Commission is a non-departmental public body, sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

It is also responsible for remote gambling which includes betting online, by telephone and other communication devices using the equipment, that offer or advertise services to the residents of Great Britain.

On 1 October 2013 the National Lottery Commission, which regulated the National Lottery, became part of the Gambling Commission.

In October 2020, the Commission published the results of an investigation of BGO, GAN, and NetBet, three UK online gambling operators. The Commission concluded that in the period between September 2018 and March 2020 the operators did not make enough efforts to keep gamblers' safe and prevent money laundering.

In April 2021, Chief Executive Neil McArthur announced that he will step down as CEO of the Commission.

Responsibilities

Aims and objectives
The Commission's stated aims are "to keep crime out of gambling, to ensure that gambling is conducted fairly and openly, and to protect children and vulnerable people". However, critics note its ADR process and default non-disclosure of complaints as often part of "standard procedure" contrasts directly with the validity of this claimed remit.

The Commission released a new 2018/19 business plan with the goals of improving industry standards, consumer protections and public protection from gambling related harm. From December, 2020 through February, 2021, the Commission invited public comment on improving the quality and timeliness of its statistics regarding problem gambling.

Licensing
The Commission issues licenses to gambling operators, can levy fines and revoke licenses, and is tasked with investigating and prosecuting illegal gambling. It is also responsible for advising national and local government on gambling-related issues.

Remote gambling
For remote gambling, the Commission issues licences to those operators whose remote gambling equipment is located in the territory of Great Britain. Whilst, those operators who wish to advertise their services in England, Wales, or Scotland, but are based outside the country, have to obtain a license from the Gambling Commission following the passage of the Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014. The 2014 Act changed the licensing requirements so that any company wishing to advertise gambling and take bets from consumers in England, Wales, or Scotland must hold a license issued by the Gambling Commission. Previously, an operator in one of the whitelisted gambling jurisdictions could advertise their services in Great Britain without requiring a separate license from the Commission. The proposals were opposed by the gambling industry, including the Gibraltar Betting and Gaming Association.

Monitoring and regulation
The list of responsibilities of the Gambling Commission includes work to ensure that licenses act in accordance with the requirements imposed by the Gambling Act 2005 and other related regulations and standards. The Commission has the right to visit its licenses and examine their financial activities. As a result of this examination, specialists from the Gambling Commission can issue recommendations for amendments. Apart from such advice, supplementary license conditions can be set or removed. In some cases, the Commission may take action to correct or avoid certain misconducts.

Apart from reviewing the activities of the licensed operators, the Commission is authorised to take regulatory actions against those licenses who breach the rules in some way. The range of actions that may need to be taken varies from issuing a warning to inflicting a fine on those who violate license conditions. In situations where additional investigation is required, the license can be revoked.

The Intelligence department of the Gambling Commission collects information about the illegal activities related to their field and conducts preliminary investigation to build a picture of the situation and inform senior management. They also collaborate with other UK organisations and the police in cases where suspicious betting or gambling activities are detected.

The list of operators and personal license holders who have had a regulatory sanction imposed on them is published on the site of the Gambling Commission.

Notable actions

In December 2016 the Gambling Commission fined Camelot Group £3 million for failing to verify a fraudulent National Lottery ticket that had been presented in 2009. The Commission found that Camelot had poor fraud prevention controls in place and that it had breached the terms of its license. The case was subsequently investigated by police, who found that a Camelot employee who worked in Camelot's fraud department had conspired with a member of the public to claim a jackpot prize of £2.5 million using a bogus ticket.

In February 2018, the Commission fined British bookmaker William Hill £6.2 million for not protecting players after a series of systematic failures to prevent money laundering.

The Commission issued a £600,000 penalty to LeoVegas in May 2018 for producing misleading adverts to customers as well as several self-exclusion failings. The following month, in June 2018, the Commission fined 32Red £2 million for failing a problem gambler who had deposited £758,000 with 32Red over more than two years. 32Red had failed to check the customer, who had a net income of £2,150 per month, could afford the bets despite several previous regulatory rulings in this area.

On 31 July 2019 the Commission announced that Ladbrokes Coral would pay £5.9m for past failings in anti-money laundering and social responsibility. An investigation found that the companies failed to put in place effective safeguards to prevent consumers suffering gambling harm and against money laundering between November 2014 and October 2017.

Criticisms
The Gambling Commission has come under fire for not preventing the spread of Fixed odds betting terminals on the high street. Their spread is linked to the transfer of responsibility for planning permission for bookmakers moving from the Gambling Commission to local authorities.

In 2014, the UK-regulated online bookmaker Canbet went into receivership, owing millions to customers. The demise of this site raised questions of the ability of the Commission to protect UK customers from rogue traders, although overall responsibility for UK online regulation was only given to the UKGC in November 2014.

In September 2014, UK-regulated online bookmaker BetButler closed down, leaving a message on its website reading "The Board of BetButler Limited has been approached by a third party regulated gaming business to acquire the customer database, including all balances and pending withdrawal requests, of the business. This process will take some days to complete." Concerns were raised about pay out times and their financial state many months before this appeared. Again, the Gambling Commission have been criticised.

Charities
In January 2020 UK Gambling Commission approved three charities for compulsory funding from gambling operators.

See also
 Gaming Control Board
 Problem gambling
 Gambling in the United Kingdom
 History of gambling in the United Kingdom
 Lottery fraud

References

External links
 The Gambling Commission
 Video discussing move to Birmingham in November 2010

Gambling regulators
2005 in British law
Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
Non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
Gambling in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Birmingham, West Midlands
2007 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 2007


The 2008 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary took place on February 5, 2008, also known as Super Tuesday.

Polls

Results

See also
Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008
Tennessee Republican primary, 2008

References

Tennessee
2008 Tennessee elections
2008
2008 Super Tuesday


Méréville is the name of the following communes in France:

 Méréville, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 Méréville, Essonne, in the Essonne department


Lucius Walker (August 3, 1930 – September 7, 2010) was an American Baptist minister who served as executive director of the Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization in the 1960s and was a persistent advocate for ending the United States embargo against Cuba. He made multiple trips to Cuba with supplies provided in violation of the embargo.

Biography

Walker was born on August 3, 1930, in Roselle, New Jersey and was recognized for his preaching skills by the time he was in his teens. He earned his undergraduate degree from Shaw University and then earned a Doctor of Divinity degree from Andover Newton Theological School as part of his "love affair with the teachings of Jesus" and received his ordination in 1958. He later earned a master's degree from the University of Wisconsin, where he majored in social work.

During the 1960s Walker served as executive director of the Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization, where he pushed for greater cooperation between local religious organizations in helping to improve declining neighborhoods, saying in 1969 that "It's a travesty how much churches have said about social justice and how little they have done". Rabbi Marc H. Tanenbaum, who had been the foundation's president, pulled the American Jewish Congress out of the organization in protest against a demand that religious organizations allot $500 million as reparations for slavery. Walker was named associate general secretary of the National Council of Churches in 1973 and returned to the Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization in 1978 after he had been fired for making excessive contributions to community organizers.

In August 1988, Walker was wounded while on a river boat traveling to the Bluefields region on the East coast on Nicaragua that was attacked by Contras.Two people were killed. Walker said he had come "face to face with the terrorism of our own government" and blamed President Ronald Reagan for the deaths. This event led Walker to create Pastors for Peace, to fight what he saw as American imperialism. The organization made aid shipments to Latin America providing tons of much-needed supplies.

As part of Pastors for Peace, Walker made 21 annual missions to Cuba, what he called "friendshipments", by way of Canada and Mexico. During his final trip, in July 2010, Walker brought medical equipment, including EKG machines, incubators and medicines. Despite offers to assist in all of the processes necessary to obtain licenses needed to make the shipments on a legal basis, Walker refused to cooperate in what he saw as an unjust process. Following his death, Granma, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party, stated that "Cubans, in gratitude, have to say that we don't want to think of a world without Lucius Walker".

A resident of Demarest, New Jersey, Walker died at age 80 on September 7, 2010, at his home there of a heart attack. He was survived by three daughters, two sons and three grandchildren. His wife, the former Mary Johnson, died in 2008.

References

1930 births
2010 deaths
Baptist ministers from the United States
African-American Baptist ministers
Andover Newton Theological School alumni
People from Demarest, New Jersey
People from Roselle, New Jersey
Shaw University alumni
 University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Social Work alumni


Ollainville is the name of two communes in France:
 Ollainville, Vosges
 Ollainville, Essonne


Gary Hobson (born 12 November 1972) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. He played in The Football League for four clubs.

Hobson began his career as an apprentice with Hull City, making his league debut during the 1990–91 season. Over the next six years he went on to make nearly 150 league appearances for the Tigers before switching to Brighton & Hove Albion in March 1996 for £60,000.

In January 2000, new Chester City manager Ian Atkins recruited Hobson as the club battled against relegation from The Football League, initially on loan. He played regularly in defence throughout the remainder of the season, but was unable to help Chester avoid being relegated at the end of the season.

Hobson remained in Division Three with York City. He spent three years with the Minstermen, with his final Football League appearance being against Exeter City in April 2003. In the following months, Hobson spent time with non-league clubs Spennymoor United, Ossett Town and North Ferriby United. He has worked for the sports marketing agency HI Sport and Travel, often working abroad in the process.

References

External links

Chester City 'What Happened To…?' article
PFA profile and interview
Hull City career statistics

1972 births
Living people
People from North Ferriby
Footballers from the East Riding of Yorkshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Spennymoor United A.F.C. players
Ossett Town A.F.C. players
North Ferriby United A.F.C. players
English Football League players


Ormoy is the name of four communes in France:
 Ormoy, Eure-et-Loir
 Ormoy, Haute-Saône
 Ormoy, Yonne
 Ormoy, Essonne


Acobamba is a district of the Sihuas Province in the Ancash Region of northern Peru.

References

Districts of the Sihuas Province
Districts of the Ancash Region


Kissy Sell Out (born Thomas Bisdee on 18 June 1984 in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England) is a British/Canadian DJ, producer, graphic designer, label manager of San City High Records and Stepper Man, part-time astrophysicist and science columnist for Sick Chirpse. Kissy Sell Out gained notability in 2006 for his electro music productions and energetic DJ style. In 2009 Mixmag described him as "one of the most exciting, charismatic and entertaining DJs of the decade".

In addition to his DJ work, he has released six albums – Youth, Wild Romance, Introducing Kissy Sell Out, San City High All Stars Vol. 1 & 2, Style from the Westside – and composed official music for the 2012 Olympics ceremonies held in London.

BBC Radio 1
From 2007–2012 he hosted a successful BBC Radio 1 show called the Kissy Klub. The show blended classical music, and computer-voiced fictional characters with an exclusive selection of remixes created specifically for the show called "Kissy Klub Versions".

With this radio show Kissy became an influential force in the developing electro scene. Notable artists such as Diplo, Felix Da Housecat, Hervé, Uffie & Erol Alkan made regular appearances alongside exclusive tracks Kissy supported which kick-started careers for a long list of breakthrough producers and DJs across the globe.

Until 2009, the majority of his musical output as a producer was in remixes for other artists such as Mark Ronson, Calvin Harris, The Human League, Sugababes, Groove Armada and All Saints. It was this early production work that caught the attention of executives at BBC Radio 1.

In July 2007, Kissy Sell Out was signed by BBC Radio 1 to present a monthly instalment of a specialist dance music show called In New DJs We Trust. In October 2008 he permanently took over Eddie Halliwell's Thursday night slot to host his own weekly show called the Kissy Klub. His radio show covered a selection of musical styles and genres with the tracks often seamlessly mixed together. His last show with BBC Radio 1 was in 2012.

In 2019, a new podcast called "Long Live The Kissy Klub" was started to make the Kissy Klub DJ mixes and remixes available to fans of the original show, in high quality re-mastered audio format, for the first time since the show's end.

Background
Kissy spent his teenage years growing up in Colchester, Essex. He began practising DJing and teaching himself music production at the age of 13 when a school friend played him a United Dance CD mixed by DJ Hype. His particular interest became very melodically complex post-modern electronic dance music, often around 128 BPM in tempo.

As Kissy's technical abilities blossomed professionally, his live DJ shows began to focus on putting electro beats over classical pieces of music using Pioneer's CDJ decks. This unique element in his approach to mixing led to producing and recording his second album "Wild Romance" almost entirely using classical instruments – something which began to attract media attention when he was invited to speak at a formal debate at the Cambridge Union against Stephen Fry about the relevance of classical music to the youth of today in May 2011. Kissy also appeared with Stephen Fry on the BBC's Look East news programme and BBC Radio 4's Today Show, and wrote a two-page article published in The Independent newspaper about the subject.

Kissy has been the subject of two questions on the game show The Chase, first in the UK and then on the New Zealand version. The question asked on both occasions was:"Which of these Radio 1 DJs was born Thomas Bisdee? Kissy Sell Out, Kutski, or Mista Jam?"When not working on his own music, much of his time as a music producer has been spent mentoring fresh names in dance music through his label San City High and also by judging DJ competitions such as the Red Bull Thre3style UK tour.

Kissy has often been described by the press as being a staple of the east London electro scene, and most of his records are produced at his studio in the Shoreditch/Brick Lane area.

Inspired by early recordings of underground drum'n'bass events in the UK, Kissy frequently used an air horn during his DJ sets and in June 2007 was pictured on the front cover of DJ Magazine blasting one into the air.

During his final year studying Graphic Design at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London, Kissy worked full-time as a design assistant at a high-fashion magazine called POP Magazine.

Pioneer DJ
Kissy has worked very closely with Pioneer DJ since 2011, consulting as a brand ambassador and beta tester – alongside James Zabeila and Laidback Luke – during the development of two respective iterations of the CDJ-2000 Nexus and DJM-900 Nexus equipment, and several versions of Pioneer DJ's rekordbox software. Kissy has made many YouTube video demonstration videos for the company, using the 2000 NXS and RMX-1000 products, and personally went to the Pioneer DJ Japan headquarters in Kawasaki to contribute to the blue print designs for the DJM-900 NXS II product line in 2015.

Kissy has appeared on four instalments of the YouTube series Pioneer DJ Sounds since 2011, with the viewing figures approaching a million views in some cases.

KSO & Stepper Man
In 2017, Kissy began releasing music and booking shows as "KSO", in addition to starting a new label called Stepper Man.

After 12 years as a professional music producer, the KSO moniker signalled the start of a new chapter in Kissy's career. A KSO debut album, called "Style From The Westside" released in August 2018, featuring collaborations with DJ Q, Darkzy, Wideboys, Sam Supplier, Dread MC, JG, Tengu, Jaikea, Pavv, J69, Hyperactive MC, Beth Macari and The Melody Men. The album is specifically a bass house and bassline club record, with the second single "Dub For Ya Speaker" described by Mixmag as "masterfully combining bassline house with vintage hip-hop and early jungle", featuring the release as their "tune of the month" in the breaks section.

UKF published an interview feature with KSO about the album claiming the release to be "one of the realest bassline albums you'll hear all year", noting that the rapid creation of the album in nine months coincided with Kissy becoming a father.

Health and fitness appearances
In November 2015, Kissy became an ambassador for Decibel Nutrition, alongside JP from Made In Chelsea, Amy Willerton and Rob Edmond. Since then, he has featured in several photo shoots as a fitness model, and appeared on BESTfitTV as a celebrity contender in their extreme fitness challenge.

In summer 2016, Bear Grylls took Kissy on, alongside Mission Survive winner Vogue Williams, to host the main stage at each of his Survival Race events across the UK. The hosts presented awards to the winners, interviewed inspiring figures in the armed forces and challenged the crowd with various fitness activities.

Kissy's run of appearances was cut short, just shy of the last race in London, due to a last minute opportunity to tour Romania for the first time with MC Cobra.

Discography

Albums
Youth (2009)
Introducing Kissy Sell Out (2010 – North American only release)
Wild Romance (2011)
San City High All Stars (2013)
San City High All Stars, Vol. 2 (Mixed by Kissy Sell Out) (2015)
Style from the Westside (2018)

Singles
 "This Is Our Night" feat. Lisa Williams (released 22 August 2016 on San City High Records / Carrillo Music)
 "Always (Together Forever)" feat. Robert Owens (released 7 March 2016 on San City High Records / Carrillo Music)
 "Caught Up" feat. Jamie George (released 2 November 2015 on San City High Records / Lifted House / Carrillo Music)
 "Tell You" feat. Holly Lois (released 26 January 2015 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings / Carrillo Music)
 "Deeper in Love" feat. Angie Brown (released 17 November 2014 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings / Carrillo Music)
 "The Promise" feat. Holly Lois (released May 2014 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings / Carrillo Music)
 "Who Walks Alone" (released 2013 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings)
 "Ready for the World" feat. Hervé & Elliot Chapman (released 2013 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings)
 "Live Wire" feat. Rob Sparx and Jane Thomas (released 2013 on San City High Records / Vicious Bitch Recordings)
 "Early Morning Crew" feat. The Squatters (released 20 November 2012 on What's Your Status?)
 "Turn It On" feat. MC Cobra (released 2011 on San City High Records)
 "Homesick" feat. Oh Snap!! (released 2011 on San City High Records)
 "Wild in the Warehouse / Redrinkulous" (released 4 April 2011 on San City High Records)
 "Joanna" (released 16 August 2010 on San City High Records)
 "Garden Friends" (released 9 April 2010 on Ministry of Sound Australia)
 "Come on Over (This Could Be Love)" feat. Tinashé (released 8 March 2010 on Island Records/San City High Records)
 "This Kiss" (Released 1 June 2009 on San City High Records)
 "Rikkalicious" feat. Hervé (Released 20 October 2008 on Cheap Thrills Records)
 "Her" (Released 23 July 2007 on Lavolta Records)
 "Her / Permanent Record" (Released 9 May 2007 on San City High Records)

Compilations
 Mixmag Presents Kissy Sell Out's Blowout (mixed by Kissy Sell Out) (released 8 September 2013 on Mixmag)
 Kissy Sell Out's Xmas Blowout (mixed by Kissy Sell Out) (released 1 December 2009 on Mixmag)
 Mashed Four (mixed by Kissy Sell Out and The Aston Shuffle) (released 19 April 2008 on Ministry of Sound Australia)

Official remixes

Remix EPs

Kissy Klub Versions
Kissy Klub Versions were unofficial remixes of songs by artists which are played exclusively on Kissy Sell Out's BBC Radio 1 Show. The idea to remix songs for a radio show is down to the BBC's rules on conflict of interest which restrict the amount of air time producers such as Kissy can fill with their own material. Since Kissy's own re-edits of tracks have been a widely talked about feature of his DJ sets since 2006, Kissy felt it was important to continue this feature in his radio show and thus the Kissy Klub Version concept was started.

During the show's life-span, very few other DJs ever obtained copies of the near 1000 long list of exclusive remixes. Efforts were made to release a BBC Kissy Klub Versions CD but failed due to the incredibley complex licensing paperwork it would have involved to clear permissions for a large amount of highly established artists who were unfamiliar with the unusual concept.

As of 2019, the Long Live The Kissy Klub podcast began publishing some of these exclusive remixes for the first time for fans to stream on iTunes and Spotify.

Charity work
In January 2008, Kissy released a four-track EP of bootleg tracks on limited edition CD and digital downloads so he could donate all proceeds to the British Association for Adoption and Fostering The EP contains a blog-house track called "Get Busy Tropicana" as well as "You're on Fire" which was championed by Zane Lowe on BBC Radio .

Kissy also began supporting the Changing Faces charity in 2010 after meeting a severely facially disfigured young girl in a British airport whilst on his way to DJ in Ibiza. In an interview with Thomas H. Green published in Mixmag he talked of how the brief but poignant moment reduced him to tears and made him realise how lucky he was to be a successful DJ.

Support for unsigned artists
Since Kissy himself claims to owe a lot of his early success to the support he received from DJs such as Simian Mobile Disco, Headman, DJ Touché, The Loose Cannons, Eddy Temple Morris and Tommie Sunshine, Kissy has insisted on championing unsigned artists and new independent producers as much as he can on his radio shows, festival appearances and press interviews.

Some of the fresh faces in music Kissy has shown support for include Ronnie Flex, Foamo, Jo Kira, Metal on Metal, Proxy, 16 Bit, Jack Beats, Last Japan, Norrit, AutoErotique, Cold Blank, Bear Cavalry, Kamikaze Cream Cake, Late of the Pier, MC Cobra, Linda's Nephew, Chew Fu and the Palms Out Sounds blog, Haydn Haydn, Cap'nHarry, Figure, Danny Westcott, Frankmusik, Thoko, Mr. Vega, Matt Sayers, Dynasty, Bro Safari, ETC!ETC!, Hoi!, Black Peter Group, Futuristic Retro Champions, and Andy George and Jaymo who were signed to BBC Radio 1 after Kissy picked them to support him on a BBC Introducing edition of Radio 1's Essential Mix.

Kissy is curator of a music festival in the French Alps called Tignesfest.

Awards
 IDJ Player of the Year 2007

References

External links

 Kissy Sell Out's DJ Mix Podcast
 Kissy Sell Out

English DJs
English record producers
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
English radio DJs
1984 births
Living people
Remixers
People from Huntingdon
People from Colchester
Electronic dance music DJs


PK Park is a baseball stadium in the northwest United States, located in Eugene, Oregon. It is the home field of the University of Oregon Ducks of the Pac-12 Conference, and during the summer, the home of the minor league Eugene Emeralds of the Northwest League.  The Ducks' program was revived in 2009 after nearly three decades as a club sport.

PK Park is named after former Oregon athletic director Pat Kilkenny, whose donations helped to fund the stadium. Designed by sport architect DLR Group, PK Park has 3,000 fixed seats in the main seating bowl and a total capacity of 4,000 spectators.  Fan amenities include a video board, landscaped areas for hospitality, a tiered party plaza called "Fowl Territory", a picnic plaza, and eight upper level suites. Located just east of Autzen Stadium, the baseball park was built on the northeast section of the football stadium's parking lot.

The Ducks' home field through 1981 was Howe Field, just south of McArthur Court. The on-campus venue had since been converted to Jane Sanders Stadium, the home of women's softball.

The elevation of the FieldTurf playing field at PK Park is approximately  above sea level. It has an unorthodox alignment, oriented southeast by east (home plate to center field); the recommended alignment of a baseball diamond is east-northeast. The former home venues of Howe Field and Civic Stadium were similar, both aligned southeast.

First seasons
Ground was broken for the facility on August 15, 2008, and the first phase involved construction of the FieldTurf playing field and temporary seating for the 2009 season. In their first game at PK Park on February 27, 2009, the Ducks beat Fresno State, the defending national champions, 1–0 on a walk-off single by senior Andrew Schmidt, witnessed by a sellout crowd of 2,777.

The second phase of the project was the permanent concrete grandstand, built between the 2009 and 2010 seasons. The first game in the completed stadium was on March 2, 2010, a 6–2 win over the Washington Huskies, with 2,609 in attendance.

NCAA tournament
In 2012, the park hosted an NCAA Regional and Super Regional.  Oregon won the Regional, but was defeated by Kent State in three games in the Super Regional.

In 2013, PK Park again hosted an NCAA Regional, as the Ducks entered the 64-team tournament as a #8 national seed. Oregon lost its second and fifth games, both to the Rice Owls, and were eliminated.

In 2021, Pk Park hosted another regional, as the Ducks entered as the #14 national seed. Oregon fell short when they lost to LSU in the regional championship

Attendance
In 2013, the Ducks ranked 34th among Division I baseball programs in attendance, averaging 1,971 per home game.

The park set an Oregon Ducks athletics single-game attendance record of 4,825 on June 11, 2012, in game three of the Super Regional against Kent State; the Golden Flashes defeated the Ducks 3-2. To increase the stadium's capacity for postseason play, two temporary stands were erected beyond the left-center field wall.

The overall attendance record was set in 2017 when 5,097 fans attended a July 4 contest between the Eugene Emeralds and Boise Hawks. The game went on for 20 innings - the longest ever for any professional baseball game to be played on the July 4th Independence Day holiday.

* Spring Football game played on the same day (no home baseball game after 2011 spring game).

Previous venue
In the program's first period as a varsity sport (1936–1981), the Ducks played at Howe Field, which was converted to the women's softball venue in 1987 after the school eliminated baseball as a varsity sport in 1981. The minor league Eugene Emeralds had played at Civic Stadium from 1969 through 2009, and previously at Bethel Park, located at Roosevelt Boulevard and Maple Street (); its outfield is now Lark City Park.

See also
 List of NCAA Division I baseball venues

References

External links
PK Park University of Oregon Athletics
Information on ballpark when proposed

Sports venues in Eugene, Oregon
Minor league baseball venues
College baseball venues in the United States
Oregon Ducks baseball
Baseball venues in Oregon
2009 establishments in Oregon
Sports venues completed in 2009
Northwest League ballparks


The 12th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly represented New Brunswick between December 28, 1837, and December 1, 1842.

The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of New Brunswick John Harvey. William MacBean George Colebrooke became governor in April 1841.

Charles Simonds was chosen as speaker for the house.

History

Members

References
Journal of the House of Assembly of the province of New Brunswick from ... December [1837] to ... March [1838] (1838)

Terms of the New Brunswick Legislature
1840 in Canada
1841 in Canada
1842 in Canada
1837 in Canada
1838 in Canada
1839 in Canada
1837 establishments in New Brunswick
1842 disestablishments in New Brunswick


The  system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers, ridges and coasts of France. The fortifications were named after their architect, Brigadier-General Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières. The fortresses were obsolescent by 1914 but were used during the First World War.

Background

Following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, France found itself seriously weakened and isolated from the rest of Europe, menaced by Germany and stung by the loss of Alsace-Lorraine. At the same time as the departure of the last German troops, France created the Defence Committee (), which was active between 1872 and 1888, whose mission was to reorganize the defence of the French frontiers and coasts. It was necessary to compensate for the lost territories of the north-east; to modernise old fortifications, which had been shown to be wanting in the last war and to create new fortifications proof against modern weaponry using new and more powerful explosives.

The committee was created by a presidential decree on 28 July 1872, with nine members from the Ministry of War and representatives from artillery and military engineering. General Séré de Rivières, commander of engineering for the Second Army Corps of Versailles, was named secretary of the committee in 1873 and on 1 February 1874, he was promoted to Chief of Engineers. Séré de Rivières was re-elected head of the committee several times, with all powers necessary to realize his ideas without opposition. The first works of the new French fortification system were begun in 1874. In 1880, when the work was already quite advanced and after some internal rivalries and political machinations, General Séré de Rivières was removed from the  but the work continued.

1874 fortifications
Since the fortifications executed by Vauban in the 17th century, defensive technology had not evolved during the 19th century. During the Franco-Prussian War, their shortcomings became clear and that the "impregnable citadel" could no longer resist assault. It was necessary to rethink strong points and adapt them to the vast increase in the destructiveness of artillery. Gone were citadels surrounding towns. Forts were to be moved some  outside cities to keep an opponent beyond artillery range of the city centre. Rings of forts were to be built, spaced to allow them to cover the intervals in between. The new forts abandoned the principle of the bastion, which had also been made obsolete by advances in armaments. The outline was a simplified polygon, surrounded by a ditch that was covered by caponiers. The forts, built in masonry and shaped stone, were designed to shelter their garrison against bombardment and artillery was laid out on top of the fort in the open. A feature of the new system involved the construction of two defensive curtains, an outer line of forts, backed by an inner ring or line of  at vital points of terrain or junctions, along with a great number of coastal batteries. Examples of the first sort may be found at Verdun, Toul, Épinal, Belfort in the north-east as well as Paris and Brest.  may be found at Manonviller, (Meurthe-et-Moselle) and Bourlémont (Vosges).

Explosive shell crisis

From 1883 to 1885, a revolution occurred in artillery, with the introduction of new materials and techniques, notably the introduction of breech-loading, rifled artillery and much more powerful explosives, such as picric acid. The developments multiplied the power of artillery against fortifications. Tests against Fort Malmaison, south of Laon, in 1886 indicated that masonry forts had little resistance to the new ammunition and that the artillery on their superstructures was extremely vulnerable. High-strength concrete was more resistant than masonry to explosives. The development of reinforced concrete would make the new fortifications much more resistant to the new explosives. Forts already in use were a large proportion of the system and some of the forts were downgraded and others were covered in concrete which buried vulnerable portions, such as magazines, behind the new material.

New technology

Armour
Advances in the iron and steel industries allowed the new forts to use armour in new ways. In 1875, the Mougin system of laminated armour, using rolled iron, was first used in casemates to provide protection against field guns. Rolled iron gave way to cast iron, providing protection against heavier siege guns. Mougin also devised the Mougin turret, a revolving cast iron turret for  guns. Cast iron was not altogether suitable for protection against explosive shells and it was superseded in 1882. In 1885, steel was substituted for cast iron. Non-retractable or non-eclipsing turrets could avoid direct-fire damage to their gun embrasures only by facing away from the direction of fire. Eclipsing turrets were developed that were retractable, leaving only their top surfaces exposed. Such turrets were expensive and complex, with serious problems of noise and ventilation but were shown to be effective. Casemated artillery was used as much as possible, due to the lower cost. While heavy armament was being armoured, lighter armament and observers were also protected. A range of armoured machine gun and observation positions were developed and were widely installed.

Organization

The Séré de Rivières system involved fortified towns and defensive screens. The towns were intended to furnish locations for eventual counter-attack, while the defensive curtain prevented passage by an attacker. The screen was not continuous and was arranged to channel an attack to a secondary line of fortified towns. Other systems were intended to delay the progress of an attack to build up defensive forces. A typical defended point consisted of a circle of forts around a town about  from the centre. The forts were able to provide mutual support and could fire on one another to suppress attacks. Smaller works were provided to support the infantry in the intervals between forts, which provided shelter to infantry during bombardment and some contained reserve artillery. A supply network of  railways extended behind the lines. Known as the Péchot system; it was first installed at Toul and was generally adopted in 1888.

Forts

Three types of fort were built, stop forts, screening forts and point defence forts; the forts may be further categorized by their state of modernization. Stop forts were intended to be autonomous, capable of functioning if isolated from the rest of the system and assure their own defence. Such forts could fire in all directions. Screening forts were intended to lend mutual support to others of their kind and generally defended on one front. Their artillery focused on specific areas of control.

First generation forts

Prior to modernization, these forts were built entirely of masonry, using large quantities of shaped stone. The forts were provided with a ditch,  wide and bounded by the main wall of the fort on one side and a counterscarp on the opposing side. Moats were unusual features in the   system; most ditches were dry. Some walls were crenelated for defence and many had caponiers at angles to fire along the length of the ditch. Entry was typically by drawbridge. Inside the fort perimeter were multi-story barracks with facades facing interior courtyards. Barracks were typically semi-recessed into the walls and included mess halls, kitchens and cisterns. Powder magazines were buried for protection from artillery, located behind triple-locked double doors and illuminated indirectly from lamp rooms to prevent accidental explosion. The artillery was laid out on top of the ramparts; shelters were provided for ready ammunition. In some cases, artillery was in armoured casemates or Mougin turrets. Special infantry positions were provided for defence of the ditch.

Modernized forts

After the rise of the explosive shell the most important forts were modernised. A covering of concrete was placed over the masonry to protect against the new artillery. In some cases, concrete casemates were built, leaving the stone casemates alone. The most vulnerable locations in the fort were the magazines, which in the modernised forts were dispersed and more deeply buried. Protected paths were created along the ramparts, along with protected sally ports giving on to the ditch and galleries within the counterscarps looking back at the fort. Artillery was removed from the ramparts and placed under shelter of concrete. Fewer new guns was as effective as the former batteries. Eclipsing infantry positions and observation cloches were also provided. The newest forts of this time were given central electrical plants.

Forts after 1885

These forts were built in concrete from the beginning but due to budget cuts were smaller than previous forts.

Wartime improvisation

During the Battle of Verdun the troops, under bombardment and fearing for the concrete fort, excavated new galleries under the fort for shelter and living quarters. Some of these galleries connected neighbouring fortifications, foreshadowing the connected systems of the Maginot Line. The  17 (built in 1917) also foreshadowed this advance.

See also
 Fortification (general)
 List of fortifications
 Ceintures de Lyon
 Douaumont
 Verdun
 Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries

References

Further reading

External links

 Les forts Séré de Rivières
 Index des fortifications Francaises 1874–1914: Inventory of Séré de Rivières system fortifications
 Photographs of abandoned Séré de Rivières forts

Architecture in France