The Group is the best-known novel of American writer Mary McCarthy. It made New York Times Best Seller list in 1963 and remained there for almost two years. In 1966, United Artists released a film adaptation of the novel directed by Sidney Lumet.

The novel touched on controversial topics for its time, such as free love, contraception, abortion, lesbianism, and mental illness. It was banned in Australia, Italy, and Ireland.

Plot
The book describes the lives of eight female friends after their graduation in 1933 from Vassar College, beginning with the marriage of one of them, Kay Strong, and ending with her funeral in 1940. Each character struggles with different issues, including sexism in the work place, child-rearing, financial difficulties, family crises, and sexual relationships. Nearly all the women's issues involve the men in their lives: fathers; employers; lovers; or husbands. As highly educated women from affluent backgrounds, they must strive for autonomy and independence in a time when a woman's role is still largely restricted to marriage and childbirth. The plot is influenced by the political and economic atmosphere of the time. Over the course of the book, the reader is exposed to the women's views on contraception, love, sex, socialism, and psychoanalysis.

Characters
Kay Strong: Marries Harald Petersen, who is involved in theater management and stage directing. Kay calls him a "Yale man", even though he did only graduate work there; this mildly offends the analytical Lakey. Harald writes plays that are not produced and is frequently unemployed. Kay has "a ruthless hatred of poor people", and is frustrated by their financial situation. She supports them by working at Macy's and cares greatly about her material surroundings. Her husband has multiple extramarital affairs. Their fights and his drinking escalate; finally he hits her until she threatens him with a bread knife. The next morning, he commits her to a psychiatric hospital, where Polly is working as a nurse. Kay is released from the hospital; she divorces Harald. Her death at the end of the book is mysterious; no one knows whether she fell from the window on the twentieth floor of the Vassar Club, while airplane spotting, or whether she jumped. Her friends reunite at the end of the novel at her funeral, where they shun Harald.

Mary Prothero, "Pokey": The wealthiest of the Group. Described as a "fat, cheerful New York society girl", "very rich and lazy". Pokey says she made it through Vassar only with the help of Priss, a Phi Beta Kappa. Pokey's father gives her a plane so she is able to commute to Cornell Agricultural School; her mother, upon learning that Harald was arrested at a labor demonstration, is devastated that a "jailbird" once dined at the Prothero home. Pokey eventually marries. Her family has an earnest, eccentric, and observant butler named Hatton, who comes to Kay's funeral.

Dottie Renfrew: From a Boston family, she plans to be a welfare worker after Vassar. She goes home from Kay's wedding with Dick Brown, a poor artist, and she encourages him to take her virginity. Afterwards, he treats her abruptly and warns her not to fall in love with him. He tells her that "things" (i.e., sex) can be a lot better between them if she would go see a "lady doctor" (so that he wouldn't have to use withdrawal, which he did use in this instance, or condoms, in order to prevent a pregnancy). He explains that he prefers diaphragms for upper-class women, such as Dottie, or condoms for lower-class women. She is fitted for a diaphragm by a female Manhattan gynecologist who is willing to fit unmarried as well as married women (birth control then being illegal in Massachusetts, Dottie's home state, and many other states). Dick has not called her or returned her calls. She returns to Dick's apartment, but he is not there. She waits for him for hours in Washington Square Park; eventually she discards her birth-control kit under a park bench and returns to Boston. Dottie eventually marries Brook Latham from Arizona. Before her wedding, she admits to her perceptive mother that she has slept with Dick and is still in love with him. Her mother suggests that she postpone her wedding, and to see Dick and explore her feelings for him, and in any case to obtain birth control, but Dottie rejects those ideas and marries Brook on schedule, and soon thereafter is pregnant with her husband's child.

Elinor Eastlake, "Lakey”: From Lake Forest, Illinois. She is the most beautiful and, after Pokey, the wealthiest of the group; she is cool and aristocratic, a "dark beauty", with pale skin, black hair, and large green eyes. She spends most of the book in Europe, where she goes to study art history and get a doctorate. At the end of the book, she returns to America, having fled the war in Europe. The Group assembles at the pier to greet her arrival, where they find Lakey accompanied by the Baroness, who, it transpires, is her lesbian lover. The group notes that the Baroness is not terribly bright; they are conflicted over Lakey's sexual orientation.

Polly Andrews: Her family suffers financial losses due to the Depression. She is pretty, with "almost flaxen hair", "milk-white skin” and "big blue eyes". She lives in a building where most of her neighbors are socialists, and she works as a technician in a local hospital. She has an affair with Gus LeRoy, a married publisher, who is going through psychoanalysis at the request of his wife. Polly does not understand why he needs analysis, and after reading Freud, she decides that she herself needs analysis. Gus eventually leaves Polly and goes back to his wife. Polly's father, who has just gotten divorced from Polly's mother and suffers from bipolar disorder, comes to live with Polly. Her father converts to Trotskyism. In the manic phase of his disorder, he overspends their budget, forcing Polly to sell her blood at the hospital. Polly marries Dr. Jim Ridgeley, a psychiatrist, who offers her financial and moral support.

Priss Hartshorn: An idealistic believer in the FDR program, she marries Dr. Sloan Crockett, a pediatrician. She has a job with the National Recovery Administration. She gives birth to Stephen, whom she has difficulty breast-feeding and potty-training. Under the hospital regimen, she sleeps apart from her son, whom she hears crying most of the nights. Her husband wishes her to feed Stephen her breast milk rather than formula, a somewhat radical notion at the time. Priss, pressured at the hospital to allow them to bottle feed the baby, also feels pressured by her husband, thinking, "Sloan…was enamored of his own theories, which he wanted to enforce, like Prohibition, regardless of the human factor".

Helena Davison: "A short, sandy haired girl with an appealing snub nose", Helena was "regarded as the droll member of the group", because of her sense of humor. Her mother has her "tutored in every conceivable subject", including athletics, musical instruments, outdoor activities and crafts. Despite her Vassar education, she gets a job as a teacher at an experimental school in Cleveland, Ohio, teaching "finger-painting". She catches Kay's husband kissing another woman, Norine, a Vassar girl who was involved in left politics and not in The Group. She decides not to tell Kay, but agrees to go to Norine's house to talk. Norine's husband is impotent and Norine has had several affairs. Norine asks Helena how she should fix her life, and Helena makes several suggestions, including scrubbing the floor, painting the sitting room a different color, and buying "some real food". By the end of the novel, Helena moves to New York to pursue an art career. She is the only character who remains single.

Libby MacAusland: A "tall, pretty blonde", who majored in English and is determined to break into the New York publishing industry. Gus LeRoy, the publisher, hires her to read book manuscripts. For $5 apiece, she reads the manuscripts and writes a summary and opinion. Libby can read Italian, so Gus gives her an Italian manuscript to summarize. However, the book is mostly in a dialect, which she can't understand and she writes an inaccurate report. Gus fires her: "Publishing's a man's business…. Marry a publisher, Miss MacAusland, and be his hostess." He later gets her a job as a literary agent's assistant and then an agent herself, becoming wealthy in the process and living well. A Norwegian baron and ski jumper, Nils Aslund, tries to seduce her by reading Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love". Libby tries to fend him off by quoting Sir Walter Raleigh's "The Shepherdess Replies". Nils replies by ripping her clothes off and attempting to rape her; he desists when she tells him she is a virgin.

Norine Schmittlapp: She is Vassar '33, but not a member of The Group. Talking to Helena, she says, "You people were the aesthetes. We were the politicals." Norine is interested in psychoanalysis, socialism, and anthropology. She has a dog named Nietzsche. While married to Putnam Blake, she has an affair with Harald, Kay's husband. Norine's husband, Put, suffers from impotency; according to Norine, he is only aroused by "fallen women". Norine helps Harald put Kay in the psychiatric ward by convincing Kay that she needs a rest. She spreads the rumor that Kay was mentally disturbed, saying to Priss, "A lot of basic things were the matter. Sex. Competitiveness with men. An underlying Lesbian drive that was too firmly repressed. Thwarted social strivings." Norine later divorces Put, and marries Freddy Rogers, a wealthy banker who has suffered from anti-Jewish discrimination. She has a son, Ichabod. Priss is horrified by her choice of name and her careless manner of raising Ichabod. Norine tells Priss that her husband expects her to be a dutiful housewife, but Norine says "Our Vassar education made it tough for me to accept my womanly role". Norine believes that because of her education, she is "crippled for life".

Background
In some aspects the novel is autobiographical in a satirical tone. Mary McCarthy studied literature at Vassar College and graduated in 1933, which is the class year of her group of eight characters. McCarthy's classmates from Vassar accused her of basing The Group characters on them and their experiences. Her first husband, Harald Johnsrud, shares the first name of the husband of the character Kay; the unusual (Nordic) spelling of the name is discussed several times in the novel. In parts of the book where McCarthy discusses sex, such as when Dottie loses her virginity, the author claims to come from her memories with past lovers, as an observer. McCarthy was also a supporter of Leon Trotsky, a political position shared by another of the characters in the novel, Polly Andrews.

Mary McCarthy adopted the title of "lady-writer" mostly given by male critics. Although her works are supposedly written for women, they are commended by feminists. McCarthy denied being a feminist or writing for the "second-wave of feminism" as she believed in equality and freedom of rights but did not view it as a gender issue.

Reception
The novel stayed on the New York Times best-seller list for almost two years. It was banned in Australia, Italy, and Ireland for being offensive to public morals. The novel was reviewed critically and intensely for its vivid detail, length, and number of characters. At the time of its release, men questioned McCarthy's ability to be a professional writer. Notably, Norman Mailer for The New York Review of Books wrote "her book fails as a novel by being good but not nearly good enough...she is simply not a good enough woman to write a major novel."

When an editor suggested to Candace Bushnell that she write "the modern-day version of The Group", she wrote Sex and the City, a collection of revealing essays that became the popular TV series and film. As Bushnell summarizes: "The Group reminds us that not much has really changed".

Radio
In 2001, The Group was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It was adapted by Moya O'Shea, produced/Directed by Tracey Neale, and starred Gayle Hunnicutt, Rebecca Front, Teresa Gallagher, Joanna Weir, Tara Ward, Laurel Lefkow, Lorelei King, Moya O'Shea, Mark Caven, Henry Goodman, and William Hope.

Popular culture references
The book appears in a season three episode of the television series Mad Men titled "The Color Blue" (2009, S03E10). It is also referred to in the pilot episode of the series American Dreams, during a scene in which one member of a woman's book group suggests The Group as a title that might make her contemporaries re-evaluate their lives as housewives. The suggestion is quickly dismissed by the group's leader, ("Oh! That sounds so...depressing"), who rules in favor of Book of the Month Club's The Shoes of the Fisherman. In the following episode of American Dreams, one of the main characters, Helen Pryor, reads the book and she says that "her whole world is falling apart" because of it.

It is also mentioned in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 short "The Home Economics Story" (where Joel Robinson referring to the group of college students from said short as "The Group") as well as the episode featuring the film "The Sinister Urge" (where Mike Nelson refers to a group of young women as "Mary McCarthy's The Group").

In the film The Sterile Cuckoo (1969), the character of Pookie Adams (Liza Minnelli) can be seen clutching a copy of The Group when she departs the bus after her first encounter with love interest Jerry Payne. Mentioned in A Right to Die (1964) by Rex Stout: Nero Wolfe "had read two chapters and ditched it."

In a season 1 episode of Gilmore Girls titled "Rory's Dance" (2000, S01E09), Rory is seen reading a copy of the book as she stands in line to buy tickets to a dance.

In Season 1 Episode 1 of The Bob Newhart Show titled "Fly the Unfriendly Skies" The book can be seen behind Suzanne Pleshette when she is sitting on the couch crying.

References

External links

Fiction set in the 1930s
1960s LGBT novels
1963 American novels
American LGBT novels
American novels adapted into films
Feminist literature
Fictional Vassar College alumni
Novels by Mary McCarthy
Vassar College
Novels with lesbian themes
Novels adapted into radio programs
Harcourt (publisher) books


Briel-sur-Barse (, literally Briel on Barse) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Geography
The Barse flows through the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Brienne-la-Vieille () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

The commune is bordered to the north by Brienne-le-Château in southern Champagne, and is traversed by the river Aube. It lies to the north of Lake Amance in the Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient, one of the regional natural parks of France.

Population

Administration
Previous mayors:
  Benoit Cerf, elected 2001, re-elected 2008.

See also
 Communes of the Aube department
 Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Brillecourt () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Bucey-en-Othe () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

Sights and monuments
 Château de Bucey-en-Othe: 16th century castle listed since 2005 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Buxières-sur-Arce () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


John A. Savage (14 December 1929 - January 2009) was an English football goalkeeper who played for Hull City, Halifax Town, Manchester City, Walsall and Wigan Athletic.

Savage was signed by Manchester City in November 1953, where he deputised for Bert Trautmann. He was at the club  for more than a year before making his debut, a 2–0 defeat to Newcastle United on 27 December 1954. He also played in the next game against Burnley, but once Trautmann recovered from injury Savage returned to the reserves. His next chance came in April 1956, when he again replaced Trautmann for two matches. Trautmann broke his neck in the 1956 FA Cup Final, giving Savage the opportunity of an extended run in the first team during the 1956–57 season.

He was transferred to Walsall in January 1958 for £4,000. In one of his early games for Walsall, an away match at Swindon, he was sent off. He made 51 appearances for Walsall, moving to non-league Wigan in 1959. He spent one season at the club, appearing four times for the club in the Lancashire Combination.

References

1929 births
English men's footballers
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
2009 deaths
Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Bromley


Celles-sur-Ource (, literally Celles on Ource) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Geography
The village lies in the northwestern part of the commune, on the left bank of the Ource, which flows northwest through the middle of the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chacenay is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

Sights
 The Château de Chacenay is a castle begun in the 13th century.

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Chaise () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chalette-sur-Voire (, literally Chalette on Voire) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chamoy () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Champignol-lez-Mondeville () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sixt-sur-Aff (, literally Sixt on Aff; ; Gallo: Sitz) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Sixt-sur-Aff are called Sixtins in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Official website Sixt-sur-Aff

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Champigny-sur-Aube (, literally Champigny on Aube) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Champ-sur-Barse (, literally Champ on Barse) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Geography
The Barse flows through the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
List of medieval bridges in France
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Channes () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Servon-sur-Vilaine (; , Gallo: Servon) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Servon-sur-Vilaine are called Servonnais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


La Chapelle-Saint-Luc () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France, right next to Troyes.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

External links

 Chaource tourism website

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chapelle-Vallon () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Charmont-sous-Barbuise () is a commune in the Aube department, north central France.

Château de Charmont-sous-Barbuise
The château of Charmont-sous-Barbuise was originally a fortified manor house, mentioned in 1233. In 1539 it was described as "the motte of the Coulaverdey manor, which once had a castle, surrounded by a trench, is presently fallen into ruin". It was rebuilt in 1550, and the last château was constructed by Joseph-Aimé Hennequin in 1725. The site was registered as a Monument historique in 1988.

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Sens-de-Bretagne (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Sens-de-Bretagne are called Senonais in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Charmoy () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Charny-le-Bachot () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chaserey is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Selle-Guerchaise (; ; Gallo: La Cèll-Gèrcheizz) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of La Selle-Guerchaise are called Sellais in French.

See also
 Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Châtres () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chauchigny () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chaudrey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Selle-en-Luitré (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of La Selle-en-Luitré are called Sellois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Chauffour-lès-Bailly () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chaumesnil () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chavanges () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Le Chêne () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chennegy () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


La Selle-en-Coglès (, pronounced as La Selle-en-Cogles; ) is a former commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Portes du Coglais.

Population
Inhabitants of La Selle-en-Coglès are called Cellois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Former communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


The Phare du Cap Leucate is a lighthouse situated on the , located in the south-eastern part of the  in the French Department Aude on the territory of the commune of Leucate. It was constructed in 1950 and illuminated in 1951.
It is an automatic but guarded lighthouse; visits are not permitted. The tower is 19.4 m high.

See also

 List of lighthouses in France

Sources and references

External links

 one more photo of the lighthouse Phare du Cap Leucate
 a serie of photos of the lighthouse Phare du Cap Leucate

Buildings and structures in Aude
Lighthouses completed in 1950
Lighthouses in France


The Nasserist Unionists Movement – NUM or Nasserite Unification Movement ( | Al-Harakat Al-Tawhidiya Al-Nassiriya) is a minor Lebanese political party headed by Samir Sabbagh. It was founded in 1982 out from a splinter faction of the INM/Al-Mourabitoun, originally under the label Movement of Unionist Nasserites – MUN (Arabic: حركة الوحدويين الناصريين | Harakat al-Wihdawiyin al-Nasiriyin).  The NUM aims to unify all Lebanese Nasserite parties under one leadership and is currently a member of the pro-Syrian March 8 Alliance.

See also
Al-Mourabitoun
Lebanese Civil War
United Nasserite Organization
Popular Nasserist Organization

References
Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990, Fayard, Paris 2005.  (in French) –
Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
 Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.  –

1982 establishments in Lebanon
Arab nationalism in Lebanon
Arab nationalist militant groups
Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
March 8 Alliance
Nasserist political parties
Nationalist parties in Lebanon
Political parties established in 1982
Socialist parties in Lebanon


Le Sel-de-Bretagne (, literally The Salt of Brittany; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Le Sel-de-Bretagne are called Sellois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Chervey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Chessy-les-Prés () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Clérey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cristian Dumitru Popescu (born 1964) is a Romanian-American mathematician at the University of California, San Diego. His research interests are in algebraic number theory, and in particular, in special values of L-functions.

Education and career
The son of historian Dumitru Micu Popescu and biologist Rodica Jerișteanu,
Popescu was born in 1964 in Novaci, Gorj County. After completing his undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Bucharest, he obtained his Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 1996, with thesis "On a refined Stark conjecture for function fields" written under the direction of Karl Rubin. He became a professor at Johns Hopkins University, after which he moved to his current position as a professor at UC San Diego.

Research contributions
Popescu formulated and proved function field versions of the Gras conjectures and Rubin's integral refinement of the abelian Stark conjectures. He has also made important contributions to the Stark conjectures over number fields, formulating an alternative to Rubin's refinement, known as Popescu's conjecture. Although slightly weaker than Rubin's conjecture, it has the advantage that it can presently be shown to remain true under raising the base field or lowering the top field of the extension. Popescu and Cornelius Greither formulated equivariant versions of Iwasawa's main conjecture over function fields and number fields, proving unconditionally the function field version and conditionally the number field version.  These conjectures have important implications for the Brumer–Stark conjecture, the Coates-Sinnott conjecture and Gross' conjecture on special values of L-functions.

Recognition
Popescu was awarded the Simion Stoilow Prize by the Romanian Academy in 2002.  In 2015-2016, he was a Simons Fellow at Harvard University. He was elected to the 2021 class of fellows of the American Mathematical Society "for contributions to number theory and arithmetic geometry".  He is an honorary member of the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy.

References

External links

 Home page

1964 births
People from Gorj County
Living people
20th-century Romanian mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century Romanian mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Romanian emigrants to the United States
University of Bucharest alumni
Ohio State University alumni
Johns Hopkins University faculty
University of California, San Diego faculty
Number theorists
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society


Coclois () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Colombé-la-Fosse () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Colombé-le-Sec () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cormost is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

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Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Courcelles-sur-Voire (, literally Courcelles on Voire) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Courceroy () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Coursan-en-Othe () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Courtaoult is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Courtenot () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Saulnières (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population
Inhabitants of Saulnières are called Saulniérois in French.

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine


Courteranges () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Geography
The Barse flows through the commune.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
List of medieval bridges in France
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Courteron () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Coussegrey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Couvignon () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Crancey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Creney-près-Troyes (, literally 'Creney near Troyes') is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Crésantignes () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Paul Ringer (born 28 January 1948) is an English-born former Welsh dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer. He played representative level rugby union for Wales and at club level for Ebbw Vale RFC, Llanelli RFC and Leicester, as a flanker. Having turned professional, he played representative level rugby league for Wales and at club level for Cardiff City (Bridgend) Blue Dragons, as a .

International honours
Paul Ringer was born in Leeds. He earned his first rugby union cap for Wales against New Zealand, at Cardiff, in 1978 and was capped on total of 8 occasions. His final game was two years later in 1980, again at Cardiff against New Zealand. An abrasive and uncompromising forward, in a notorious international match between Wales and England at Twickenham in 1980 he was sent off for a challenge on English outside half John Horton controversially deemed as late by the referee. This controversy proved costly for Ringer as he was not selected for that summer's British Lions tour to South Africa.

Paul Ringer won caps for Wales (RL) while at Cardiff City (Bridgend) Blue Dragons 1981...1982 2-caps.

Note
Before the start of the 1984/85 season, Cardiff City Blue Dragons relocated from Ninian Park in Cardiff, to Coychurch Road Ground in Bridgend, and were renamed Bridgend Blue Dragons.

Family history
Paul Ringer is the father of rugby union footballer of the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s; Jamie Ringer, and rugby union footballer; Joel Bennett Ringer.

References

1948 births
Living people
Cardiff City Blue Dragons players
Dual-code rugby internationals
Ebbw Vale RFC players
English people of Welsh descent
English rugby league players
English rugby union players
Leicester Tigers players
Llanelli RFC players
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Leeds
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union players from Leeds
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh rugby league players


Sullavan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Margaret Sullavan (1909–1960), American actress, wife of Henry Fonda, William Wyler, and Leland Hayward

See also
 Sullivan (disambiguation)


Sains () is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Population

Inhabitants of Sains are called sainsois in French.

Geography

 The Église Saint-Pierre is in the Gothic revival style; it was mainly built between 1861 and 1868 by Jean-Gabriel Frangeul to the designs of . The tower and spire are the work of Alfred-Louis Frangeul (his son), 1893-1894.
 The Étang du Bourg, a mesotrophic pond

See also
Communes of the Ille-et-Vilaine department

References

External links

Mayors of Ille-et-Vilaine Association

Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area.

Population may also refer to:

Statistical population, a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment
Stellar population, categorized groups of stars within the Milky Way
 Population (album), by The Most Serene Republic, 2007
 Population (journal), published by Institut national d'études démographiques

See also

 People (disambiguation)
 World population
 List of continents and continental subregions by population
 List of countries and dependencies by population
 Demography, the statistical study of human populations

Population


Eugen-Cristian Popescu (born 12 August 1962) is a retired Romanian high jumper.

He finished seventh at the 1983 European Indoor Championships and at the 1986 European Championships, eighth at the 1987 European Indoor Championships and eleventh at the 1994 European Indoor Championships. He became national champion in 1983, 1987-1990, 1993, 1994, 1998 and 1999. He also competed at the 1983 World Championships as well as the World Indoor Championships in 1987 and 1995 without reaching the final round.

His personal best jump was 2.32 metres, achieved in August 1988 in Piteşti. This ranks him second among Romanian high jumpers, only behind Sorin Matei.

References

1962 births
Living people
Romanian male high jumpers
Place of birth missing (living people)


Ó Ceallacháin, anglicised Callihan, is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Seán Óg Ó Ceallacháin (1923–2013), journalist, author and broadcaster
Bill Callihan (1916–1986), American football player
Mike Callihan (b. 1947), Lieutenant Governor of Colorado
Ryan Callahan, American hockey player
Shane Callahan (b. 1995), American journeyman plumber

See also
Callahan (disambiguation)
Callaghan (disambiguation)

References

Surnames
Irish families
Surnames of Irish origin
Irish-language surnames


Morris Henry St John Maddocks (28 April 1928 – 19 January 2008) was a bishop in the Church of England.

He was a leading proponent of healing ministry and an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Chichester from 1987. He died on 19 January 2008.

Morris served in parishes in London and York before being consecrated as a bishop and founding the Acorn Christian Healing Trust, now the Acorn Christian Healing Foundation, with his wife, Anne. He was the author of The Christian Healing Ministry, published in 1981.

Life
Morris Henry St John Maddocks was born in 1928, the son of a West Yorkshire priest. He was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, and gained an MA at Trinity College, Cambridge.

A keen sportsman, his military service was in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, Royal Signals and Royal Army Service Corps. Rugby and cricket were his great interests.

He trained for the ordained ministry at Chichester Theological College in 1952, then was ordained a deacon in 1954 and priest in 1955, serving curacies at St Peter's Church, Ealing and in Uxbridge up to 1958.

He married Anne Sheail at Chichester Cathedral, where she was the assistant organist, on 22 September 1955. Anne was such a support in her husband's work that some priests would pray for "Morris and Anne, our Bishop."

He then moved to York, where he was Vicar of Weaverthorpe, Helperthorpe, and Luttons Ambo. From 1961 to 1971 he was Vicar of St Martin-on-the-Hill, Scarborough. During this time he served as chaplain to the Black and White Minstrels and made many other visits to the Futurist Theatre. Nine members of the cast of the Black and White Minstrels were confirmed at the church and George Mitchell, who looked after the Minstrels, went to have tea at the vicarage. Around that time, Songs of Praise was broadcast live from St Martin's.

In 1972, Morris was appointed the suffragan Bishop of Selby, where he remained until 1983. He was known during this time for, among other things, ministering in the Selby coalfields.

His experience in the church began when five laypeople visited him at St Martin's, Scarborough, in 1963 and together they prayed for the healing of the sick. His key understanding of Christian healing was, "Jesus Christ meeting you at the point of your deepest need."

His first book, The Christian Healing Ministry, was published in 1981. Others followed, including Journey into Wholeness (1986), Questions about Healing (1988), A Healing House of Prayer (1987), and The Vision of Dorothy Kerin (1991).

Morris and Anne found themselves overwhelmed with requests to preach about Christian healing after the publication of The Christian Healing Ministry, and the Archbishop of York sent Morris on sabbatical, but on their return to work, he was given an unpaid appointment as special adviser on health and healing to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Archbishop of York from 1983 to 1995.

In 1983, Morris was appointed as assistant bishop to the Bishop of Bath and Wells, a post he held up to 1987.

It was around this time that the couple were offered a building – Whitehill Chase in Bordon, Hampshire – plus annual funding for the work of Christian healing. This saw the genesis of the Acorn Christian Healing Foundation. The foundation, co-founded by Morris, is still based there.

After his retirement, the couple returned to Chichester, living in the cathedral's close and attending cathedral worship every day. Morris was invited to be an honorary assistant bishop in 1987. He was also a canon and prebendary of the cathedral (Bracklesham) from 1992 to 2003.

Anne died in October 2006 after a marriage of 51 years. The couple had no children. Bishop Morris continued to live in Canon Lane, and died in Southampton Hospital after complications following major heart surgery.

In paying tribute to his life and work, Bishop John William Hind, Bishop of Chichester commented:

The Dean of Chichester, the Very Revd Nicholas Frayling, added:

Morris's funeral took place at Chichester Cathedral on 1 February 2008.

References

External links

1928 births
2008 deaths
People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Alumni of Chichester Theological College
20th-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Selby
Duke of Wellington's Regiment soldiers
Royal Corps of Signals soldiers
Royal Army Service Corps soldiers
20th-century British Army personnel


Crespy-le-Neuf is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Les Croûtes () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Constantin Militaru (born 17 February 1963) is a retired Romanian high jumper.

He competed at the 1983 World Championships without reaching the final round. He became national champion in 1985 and 1992.

His personal best jump was 2.31 metres, achieved in May 1986 in Bucharest. This ranks him third among Romanian high jumpers, only behind Sorin Matei and Eugen-Cristian Popescu.

References

1963 births
Living people
Romanian male high jumpers
Place of birth missing (living people)


The tenth and final season of Stargate SG-1, an American-Canadian television series, began airing on July 14, 2006 on Sci Fi Channel (United States). It concluded after 20 episodes on March 13, 2007 on Sky 1, which overtook the Sci-Fi Channel in mid-season. The series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner. Brad Wright, Robert C. Cooper, Joseph Mallozzi, and Paul Mullie served as executive producers. Season ten regular cast members include Ben Browder, Amanda Tapping, Christopher Judge, Claudia Black, Beau Bridges, and Michael Shanks.

The season (and the Ori arc of the show) is continued with direct-to-DVD film Stargate: The Ark of Truth.

Reception

Will O'Brien of TV Squad thought "Company of Thieves" was, for the most part, a good one, despite a disappointing performance by Rudolf Martin.  Jason Van Horn of IGN, however, was less than impressed, suggesting that the episode just wasn't interesting – that the Lucian Alliance was an enemy no one cares about and that Paul Emerson wasn't enough of a character within the show for his death to have had any meaningful impact.

The tenth and final season of Stargate SG-1 was nominated for a Saturn Award in the category "Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series". For his portrayal of Moros in "The Quest, Part 2", Matthew Walker was nominated for a Leo Award in the category "Best Supporting Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series". The episode "200" was nominated for a Hugo Award in the category "Best Dramatic Presentation – Short Form".

Main cast

 Starring Ben Browder as Lt. Colonel Cameron Mitchell
 Amanda Tapping as Lt. Colonel Samantha Carter
 Christopher Judge as Teal'c
 Claudia Black as Vala Mal Doran
 With Beau Bridges as Major General Hank Landry
 And Michael Shanks as Dr. Daniel Jackson

Episodes

Episodes in bold are continuous episodes, where the story spans over 2 or more episodes.

Home releases

References

External links

 Season 10 on GateWorld
 Season 10 on IMDb
 Season 10 on TV.com

 10
2006 American television seasons
2007 American television seasons
SG-1 10
2006 Canadian television seasons
2007 Canadian television seasons


Cunfin () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cussangy () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France. Its inhabitants are called cussangeois (male) and cussangeoises (female).

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dampierre () is a commune in the Aube department in north-eastern France.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Davrey () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Cal Neva Resort & Casino, previously known as the Calneva Resort and Cal-Neva Lodge, is a resort and casino straddling the border between Nevada and California on the shores of Lake Tahoe. The original building was constructed in 1926, and became famous when the national media picked up a story about actress Clara Bow cancelling checks she owed to the Cal-Neva worth $13,000 in 1930 ($ today). After burning down in a fire in 1937, the structure was rebuilt in only 30 days. In 1960, entertainer Frank Sinatra purchased the resort with several others, including singer Dean Martin and Chicago mobster Sam Giancana.

Under Sinatra, the Celebrity Room was added alongside a helipad and it opened year round. His ownership gradually increased over the following two years until he owned 50% outright. Giancana's attendance at the property first provoked a rift between Sinatra and share holder Hank Sanicola, and later resulted in Sinatra's gambling license being suspended by the Nevada Gaming Control Board. Sinatra initially leased the property to Jack L. Warner and later in 1968 to a group of investors. It passed through the hands of a series of investment groups until 1976 when it was bought by Kirk Kerkorian. The property closed for renovations in 2013 and has not reopened since. Larry Ellison purchased the property out of bankruptcy in 2018; in 2023 it was sold to McWhinney, a real estate company in Denver, who announced plans to convert it into a hotel.

History

Early period
The Cal-Neva Lodge was built in 1926 by real estate developer Robert P. Sherman. Canadian Army Colonel H. H. Betts went missing from his room at the Cal-Neva in 1929; his body was found over a year later some five miles away from the hotel. The lodge was first made nationally famous later that year when actress Clara Bow cancelled checks owed to the casino worth $13,000; she claimed that she had believed that the chips she was using while playing blackjack were worth 50 cents when they were actually valued at $100.

A group of investors bought the Cal-Neva in 1935, and recruited William "Bones" Remmer to act as its president and the pit manager of the casino. That year a 13-year-old Judy Garland performed at Cal-Neva for the first time.
The original building burned down in 1937, causing $200,000 ($ today) worth of damage; the incident was thought to have been arson but no charges were ever brought. The reconstruction effort took 30 days, with 500 men working on the project. State legislation was changed shortly afterwards to allow gambling. After being purchased by developer Norman Blitz, it became one of Nevada's earliest legalized casinos. Rumors abounded that the owners of the lodge intended to put a gambling boat on the lake.

Towards the end of the Second World War, the lodge was purchased from Remmer by Sanford Adler and a group of associates for $700,000; ($ today)  Adler renamed the property Cal Neva — dropping the hyphen — to match his Cal Neva hotel in Reno, Nevada. However, this spelling of the name had been in common use since before the fire.
Xavier Cugat was paid a reported $22,000 for a two-week stint at Cal Neva Lodge in 1946, reportedly the first time a nationally famous band performed there.

Ownership was transferred once again on March 21, 1955, when a group led by Bert "Wingy" Grober purchased the lodge for $1 million. During this period, the hotel was frequented by members of the Kennedy family including John F. and his brother Robert. Author Scott Lankford claims that JFK used the lodge to carry on an "endless series of extramarital affairs with wealthy divorcees and Tahoe's notoriously ubiquitous prostitutes". The lodge served as accommodation during the 1960 Winter Olympics, held at nearby Squaw Valley Ski Resort. It has remained popular with skiers over the decades since.

Ownership by Frank Sinatra

Frank Sinatra first visited Cal Neva in 1951; his trip made the national press as he overdosed on sleeping pills and this was reported to the local sheriff. Sinatra continued to frequent the lodge; on one occasion, he played a jam session with big band leader Harry James and actress and singer Betty Grable. Sinatra publicly bought the resort in 1960 through his company, Park Lake Enterprises. Initially, he owned 25 percent of the property with Hank Sanicola and Paul "Skinny" D'Amato who each held 13 percent.  Other smaller shareholders included Dean Martin. Chicago mobster Sam Giancana was said to be a silent partner in the business; D'Amato acted as Giancana's man.  Sinatra gradually expanded his ownership of the casino; by 1962 he owned more than 50 percent share, with Sanicola holding 33 percent and Sanford Waterman owning the remaining shares.

The shareholders decided to open the property year-round; it had only previously opened for the summer season. Sinatra built the Celebrity Room theater and installed a helicopter pad on the roof. He re-utilized Prohibition-era smuggling tunnels beneath the property to allow mob members to move around the property without being seen by the public. One led from near the main building to his private chalet overlooking Lake Tahoe.

The FBI already had the lodge under investigation at the time due to the connection to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., who was staying there at the time that Sinatra's deal was finalized. There were concerns that Kennedy was involved in the arrangement of a casino for use by the American Mafia.  The FBI suspected that the expansion was made using funds borrowed from Jimmy Hoffa. Following a request by Robert F. Kennedy, who had concerns over the press coverage of his and his brother's relationships with Marilyn Monroe, Sinatra made accommodation available for her for a weekend prior to her death on August 4, 1962. During this period she was not allowed to leave and only Giancana was allowed to visit her. Even her former husband, Joe DiMaggio, was turned away. She attempted suicide through a pill overdose, but she contacted the reception desk, and was rushed to hospital where she had her stomach pumped. This cabin, known as Monroe's, is still part of the guest accommodations, as is another known as Sinatra's. Also that year, a federal investigation took place into a prostitution ring being run from the foyer of the Cal Neva.

The Sinatra period saw extravagant parties and visits by celebrities such as Judy Garland, Liza Minnelli, Kim Novak, Shirley MacLaine, Sammy Davis Jr., Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh, Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz and Richard Crenna. However, Sinatra's mood swings would sometimes determine how he responded to patrons and friends. Journalist Herb Caen reported that he could be dismissive and insulting to those who annoyed him. Sam Giancana was banned from the casinos in the state of Nevada, but Sinatra continued to allow him to stay at the Cal Neva lodge which resulted in Hank Sanicola seeking to remove himself as a shareholder. Although Sinatra sought to explain that Giancana was only visiting his girlfriend, Phyllis McGuire, the disagreement resulted in the end of Sinatra and Sanicola's friendship. After Giancana was spotted on the premises, Sinatra had his gambling license suspended by the Nevada Gaming Control Board. Following this, Sinatra decided he wanted to get out of entertainment property ownership as he was being heavily criticized in the national press and pursued by law enforcement over illegal activities at the casino. The Cal Neva Lodge was leased to Jack L. Warner in a deal which also saw a majority stake in Reprise Records sold to Warner Bros. Records and Sinatra gaining a one-third ownership in the new company.

Later period

After leasing it to Warner for four years, Sinatra sought to sell the property to Howard Hughes in 1967 as part of the renewal of his contract at the Sands Hotel and Casino. Following a fallout between Hughes and Sinatra, the entertainer instead signed a contract with Caesars Palace. This included a requirement for Sinatra's stake in Cal Neva to be purchased by his new employer for $2 million, but instead the lodge passed into the hands of the same owners as Reno's Club Cal-Neva in 1968 for $1.4 million.

The new owners oversaw the construction of a ten-story expansion to the property. This added a further 200 rooms to the lodge, for which permission was given although the Nevada State Park Advisory Committee opposed the move. They sought to re-open the Cal Neva on July 1, 1969, but instead it partly opened in May of that year with the new expansion opening the following month. The Ohio Real Estate Investment Trust purchased the lodge in 1970 for $6 million, with the aim to lease it to the U.S. Capital Corporation, who in turn sought to sublease it to Tahoe Crystal Bay Inc. The stockholders of the Ohio Real Estate Investment Trust filed a lawsuit against the company in 1973, which resulted in the Cal Neva being placed into federal receivership. After opening year round since Sinatra purchased the lodge, it closed for the winter season in 1974 due to a drop in visitors blamed on the 1973 oil crisis.

The Cal Neva was sold in 1975 alongside the Crystal Bay Club to BKJ Corporation, who consisted of Everett Brunzell, Charles Ketchum and Norman Jenson. The two clubs were purchased for a total of $9 million. But their licensing application for Cal Neva was turned down by the Nevada Gaming Commission due to a their lack of ongoing finances. The First National Bank of Nevada foreclosed on the property in early 1976 before selling it to Kirk Kerkorian, a significant shareholder in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He owned the Cal Neva through his Tracinda Investment Corporation, a different entity than the one through which he owns his MGM shares. As part of the re-launch of the lodge, he convinced Dean Martin to return for a performance, for which Cary Grant was also in attendance.

Jon Perroton was arrested in 1985 for fraud after convincing Hibernia National Bank to loan him $23 million towards the purchase price of Cal Neva. He had claimed that he had the backing of Sheraton Hotels and Resorts. He was subsequently sentenced to 20 years in custody. That same year, the lodge was purchased by real estate developer Chuck Bluth. Under Bluth, the building was renovated and the exterior of the main building restored to how it looked in the 1960s.
On September 10–12, 1993, the lodge hosted the second annual Daow Aga Pow wow (a local Native American meeting) on Lake Tahoe. The hotel was named "Nevada's Best Getaway" in 1998 and cited as one of America's 50 Flagship Hotels.

Bluth sold the lodge to Ezri Namvar in 2005. However the casino was in severe decline; by 2009 the revenue was around half of that which it received in 1992. Canyon Capital Advisors foreclosed on a $25 million loan, and an auction open across two states failed to result in any bidders. The area had seen several other casinos nearby close around the same time.

Closure and renovations

Criswell-Radovan, LLC, a Napa, California-based development company, purchased the property in spring 2013, and closed it on September 5, 2013 for a complete renovation. The development project was originally estimated to take at least a year and was to include overhauls of the interior guest rooms, the Circle Bar, the casino, Frank Sinatra's Celebrity Room theater and a complete exterior upgrade. The casino upgrade sought to restore the Cal Neva's original 6,000-square-foot gaming floor, complete with a full slot machine display and the return of table games. The project was initially planned to finish by December 2014, but reopening was delayed multiple times due to difficulties with construction and financing. The company obtained a $29 million loan in November 2014 that allowed construction to begin.  An additional $20 million equity line of credit was also financing the project.

Criswell-Radovan filed for bankruptcy protection in July 2016, and the Cal Neva was then put up for auction. Billionaire Larry Ellison was the sole bidder, purchasing the property for $35.8 million in January 2018. In April 2023 the property was bought by McWhinney, a real estate company in Denver, who announced plans to convert it into a luxury hotel.

Architecture and location

The Cal Neva Lodge and Casino overlooks Lake Tahoe with the property split across the California–Nevada border near Crystal Bay. The main dining room has a white line indicating the state border running down the middle of the room.  The swimming pool also straddles the state border. The interior is decorated in the lodge-style. The entrance has been replaced several times over the years, although the exterior of the buildings have remained almost the same since the  reconstruction. Prior to the expansion under Sinatra, the lodge had 55 rooms and 11 lodges, but this was increased to 220 lake-facing rooms following the expansion in 1969. As of 1998, it had 182 rooms and suites and eight conference rooms, catering for up to 400 people.

Celebrity and Indian rooms
Constructed following the purchase by Sinatra and his associates, the Celebrity room and theater hosted both the singer and his Rat Pack friends as well as other singers of the day. It is located near to the casino area on the Nevada side of the border, and has sat up to 700 people. The Indian room featured Native American memorabilia and wood-beamed ceilings, and is sited in the California side of the hotel. It acted as both a museum to the nearby Washoe people, as well as operating as a ballroom. The Indian room underwent renovation in the late 1980s, when it was described by Skiing magazine as being "a spacious area with a large fireplace".

In popular culture
The infrastructure of the resort was copied as a base template for the setting of the 2018 film Bad Times at the El Royale.

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1926 establishments in California
1926 establishments in Nevada
Buildings and structures in Washoe County, Nevada
Casinos in California
Casinos in Nevada
Hotels established in 1926
Hotels in California
Hotels in Nevada
Resorts in California
Resorts in Nevada


Dienville () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

History
The village of Dienville is mentioned in 864 under the name Dienvilla. There remains an Ancient Roman road, a vestige of that era.

On 1 February 1814 the village was fought over during the Battle of La Rothiere.

Population
Dienville was the home of Abbé Courtalon Delestre (1735-1786), a historian and poet, and :fr:Jean-Baptiste Courtalon (1740-1797), Cleric of the Chapel for Louis XV and Chaplain of Louis XVI.

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube


Dierrey-Saint-Julien () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dierrey-Saint-Pierre () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dolancourt () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dommartin-le-Coq () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Death Scream is a 1975 American made-for-television crime drama film loosely based on an actual event concerning the real-life account of "a young woman whose murder was witnessed by fifteen of her neighbors who did nothing to help and refused to cooperate with the police." It originally aired on ABC on September 26, 1975.

The film had the working title of Homicide, and its rerun title was The Woman Who Cried Murder.

Premise
On March 13, 1964, Catherine "Kitty" Genovese was attacked and viciously stabbed several times by a psychopath while nearby residents watched but did nothing to help.

Cast
 Raul Julia as Detective Nick Rodriguez
 John P. Ryan as Detective Dave Lambert
 Phillip Clark as Detective Johnny Bellon
 Lucie Arnaz as Judy
 Ed Asner as Peter Singleton
 Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Singleton
 Art Carney as Mr. Jacobs
 Diahann Carroll as Betty May
 Kate Jackson as Carol
 Tina Louise as Hilda Murray
 Nancy Walker as Mrs. Jacobs
 Eric Braeden as Kosinsky
 Thelma Houston as Lady Wing Ding
 Dimitra Arliss as Mrs. Kosinsky
 Bert Freed as Detective Ross
 Allyn Ann McLerie as Alice Whitmore
 Tony Dow as Joey
 Sally Kirkland as Mary
 Belinda Balaski as Jenny Storm
 Helen Hunt as Teila
 Joan Goodfellow as Mrs. Daniels
 Les Lannom as Mr. Daniels

Notes

External links

1975 films
1975 television films
American television films
Films directed by Richard T. Heffron
Films scored by Gil Mellé
Films set in New York City
Films with screenplays by Stirling Silliphant
Television films based on actual events
1970s English-language films


Donnement () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France. The main road passing through the town is the D56.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube


Dosches () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Dosnon () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Frederick Thomson may refer to:
 Sir Frederick Thomson, 1st Baronet (1875–1935), Scottish jurist and politician
 Fred Thomson (1890–1928), American actor
 Frederick Whitley-Thomson (1851–1925), British politician
 Frederick A. Thomson (1869–1925), director of silent films

See also
Frederick Thompson (disambiguation)


Droupt-Saint-Basle  is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

Sights and monuments
Château de Droupt-Saint-Basle, 16th century castle and château, added to the list of monuments historiques in 1987 and 1993.
 Church of Saint-Léonard-et-Saint-Basle de Droupt-Saint-Basle, originally 12th century, added to the list of monuments historiques in 1986
 Château du Ruez, 19th century mansion

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Droupt-Sainte-Marie is a commune in the Aube department in the Grand Est region in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Eaux-Puiseaux () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Eaux-Puiseaux is situated about 35 km from Troyes and 50 km from Auxerre, in the canton of Aix-Villemaur-Pâlis. The RN77 road passes close to the village.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube


Échemines () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Éclance () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Éguilly-sous-Bois () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Engente () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Agatha is a small genus of minute sea snails or marine gastropod mollusks within the subfamily Syrnolinae, which is a part of the family Pyramidellidae.

They have bilateral symmetry and only have endoderm and ectoderm tissues.

The species of this genus are ectoparasites on other invertebrates.

Distribution
 Marine

Species
 † Agatha alexanderi (Marwick, 1929)
 Agatha amabilis Nomura, 1936
 Agatha australis (Angas, 1871)
 Agatha brevis Yokoyama, 1922
 Agatha filia (Melvill, 1893)
 Agatha georgiana (Hutton, 1885)
 Agatha laevis (Angas, 1867)
 Agatha obesa Peñas & Rolán, 2016
 † Agatha otaioensis Laws, 1940
 Agatha pacei (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906)
 † Agatha pittensis (Marwick, 1928)
 Agatha placida Nomura, 1936
 Agatha vestalis Melvill, 1910
 Agatha virgo Weisbord, 1962
Species brought into synonymy
 Agatha angasi (Tryon, 1886): synonym of Syrnola angasi (Tryon, 1886)
 Agatha infrequens Nomura, 1937: synonym of Odostomia infrequens (Nomura, 1937)
 Agatha lepidula Habe, 1961: synonym of Tibersyrnola lepidula (Habe, 1961)
 Agatha simplex (Angas, 1871): synonym of Megastomia simplex (Angas, 1871)

References

 Spencer H.G., Willan R.C., Marshall B.A. & Murray T.J. (2011) Checklist of the Recent Mollusca Recorded from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone

Pyramidellidae


Jacob Aaron Estes (born September 6, 1972) is an American screenwriter and film director known for his films Mean Creek, The Details and Don't Let Go.

Career
Estes was a theatre major at the University of California, Santa Cruz. After that, he went to film school at AFI. Estes also attended the National Playwrights Conference at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, which produced two of his plays, Free Lessons and Mean Creek. Estes turned Mean Creek into a screenplay, which became his feature film debut as writer and director in 2004. In his first offering as writer-director, he gained critical acclaim, receiving nominations at various film festivals and winning the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award. His second film as writer/director came with the 2011 film The Details, which premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and stars Tobey Maguire, Laura Linney, Ray Liotta, Dennis Haysbert, Kerry Washington, and Elizabeth Banks. In 2019, Estes co-wrote and directed the Blumhouse thriller Don't Let Go starring David Oyelowo and Storm Reid.

Personal life
Estes is married to musician Gretchen Lieberum.

Filmography

References

External links

AFI Movie Club interview
AllMovie

American film directors
Independent Spirit Award winners
1972 births
Living people


was a senior retainer of the Takeda clan during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history. He was known as one of the 'Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen'.

Military life
He was present at the Battle of Mimasetoge in 1569 and was killed in the forefront of the fighting in the Battle of Nagashino in 1575.

Personal life
Masatane was a relative of Hara Toratane, though from a different branch of the family, and was also a skilled commander.

References

Further reading
 Turnbull, Stephen. Kawanakajima 1553-64: Samurai Power Struggle

External links
  "Legendary Takeda's 24 Generals" at Yamanashi-kankou.jp

Samurai
1531 births
1575 deaths
Takeda retainers
Japanese warriors killed in battle


The Fox Theatre is a cinema in the Beaches neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario at the intersection of Queen Street and Beech Avenue. It has operated since 1914 when it first opened, and as a result it is the oldest continuously operating cinema in Toronto.

The Fox Theatre has a single screen and shows a mixture of new releases (in their second-run), independent and foreign films, and classical Hollywood cinema.

History
The Fox Theatre was built in 1914, making it the second-oldest cinema that is still in use in Toronto, after the Revue Cinema, which was built in 1912 and later closed in 2006, before re-opening in 2007; as a result of this, the Fox Theatre lays claim to being the oldest continuously operating cinema in Toronto.

Before opening in 1914, the theatre was referred to as "The Theatre Without A Name." A week before opening, a naming contest was held in the community, and the name "The Pastime" was chosen. The Fox was built for roughly $15,000 and was first owned by Arthur Brooks Webster. The first film to screen at the theatre was The Squaw Man (1914).

After less than a year, the name of the cinema was changed to the "Prince Edward Theatre" after Prince Edward VIII to honour British dignitary who visited that year during the beginnings of World War I. The name change was also intended to aid in recruitment for the war, and recruitment meetings were often held in the cinema.

Years later, after Edward's abdication from the British throne in 1936, the theatre was renamed the "Fox Theatre". A stained glass panel with the Prince Edward name, over the doorway from the lobby, remains from the Prince Edward period.

In 1978, the cinema was taken over by Tom Litvinskas and Jerry Szczur, who began to develop it as a repertory cinema, screening a mixture of old classic films, foreign films, genre films, and new releases.

In 2007, the Fox Theatre underwent an extensive restoration. Some of the changes include 250 new plush reclining red-finish seats with cupholders, a 1930s-inspired carpet, a new concessions stand with an old-fashioned popcorn machine and menu chalkboard, a reupholstered smoking wall, one-of-a-kind classic light up movie posters, and the original Prince Edward and candy bar signs.

As of 2019, the cinema is owned by Daniel Demois and Andy Willick.

During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the cinema remained open, but instead of screening films in the theatre, it hosted virtual screenings, sold popcorn and other concessions to the local community, sold naming rights to each of the cinema's 248 seats, and rented out the box office marquee for people to display personal messages.

In 2020, the owners of the Fox Theatre planned to hold a séance due to long-running rumours that the cinema is haunted.

See also
List of cinemas in Toronto

References

External links
 Official site

Cinemas and movie theatres in Toronto
Repertory cinemas in Canada


Francis Alÿs (born 1959, Antwerp) is a Belgian-born, Mexico-based artist.

His work emerges in the interdisciplinary space of art, architecture, and social practice. In 1986, Alÿs left behind his profession as an architect and relocated to Mexico City, where he lives and works.

He has created a diverse body of artwork and performance art that explores urban tensions and geopolitics. Employing a broad range of media, from painting to performance, his works examine the tension between politics and poetics, individual action and impotence. Alÿs commonly enacts paseos—walks that resist the subjection of common space.

Cyclical repetition and mechanics of progression and regression also inform the character of Alÿs' actions and mythology—Alÿs contrasts geological and technological time through land-based and social practice that examine individual memory and collective mythology. Alÿs frequently engages rumor as a central tool in his practice, disseminating ephemeral, practice-based works through word-of-mouth and storytelling. He has document children's games for decades.

Work
Alÿs' body of works encompasses many media. Whereas in the earlier years the actions were mostly performed by the artist himself, over the past decade children have become the main protagonists of his projects. These public actions are documented in video, installations, paintings, and drawings. Throughout his practice, Francis Alÿs consistently directs his distinct poetic and imaginative sensibility toward anthropological and geopolitical concerns centered around observations of, and engagements with, everyday life, which the artist himself has described as "a sort of discursive argument composed of episodes, metaphors, or parables."

Actions
Many of his works involve intense observation and recording of the social, cultural and economic fabric of specific locations, commonly taking place during walks through urban areas. Citing the act of walking as the centre of his practice, for his first performance The Collector (1991), he dragged a small magnetic toy dog on wheels throughout the streets of Mexico City so as to collect any metallic residue lying in its path. In Fairy Tales (1995), he takes a walk after unravelling the sweater he has on, leaving an ever-lengthening, blue-thread trail in his wake. Also in 1995, Alÿs realized an action in São Paulo called The Leak in which he walked from a gallery, around the city, and back into the gallery trailing a dribbled line from an open can of blue paint. This action was reprised in 2004 when Alÿs traced a line of paint following the 1948 cease-fire border in Jerusalem, known as 'the green line', carrying a can filled with green paint. The bottom of the can was perforated with a small hole, so the paint dripped out as a continuous squiggly line on the ground as he walked. The work Paradox of Praxis 1 (Sometimes Making Something Leads to Nothing) documents an action performed on the streets of Mexico City in 1997. The film depicts a simple and seemingly pointless endeavour—a large block of ice being pushed through the city streets for nine hours until it melts away to a puddle of meltwater.

The Rehearsal (1999) consists of a 30 min static take of a red VW Beetle driving up the slope of a dirt road in a shantytown of Tijuana while the viewer hears musicians rehearsing a song. Every time they stop playing, the car rolls backwards down the hill, as if running out of petrol, but when the music starts up again, the car starts driving up the hill once more.

In Tornado (2000-2010), spliced film clips show Alÿs chasing after huge dust devils kicked up by the annual dry season in central Mexico. Kara L. Rooney writes of the piece in The Brooklyn Rail, "The sight of his lean frame racing towards the twisters is at once ridiculous and hysterical—blithe qualities that quickly give way to gravitas as the artist physically enters the eye of the storm. Inside, chaos reigns and Alÿs, unprotected except for his handheld camera, is enveloped and pummeled by flying bits of sand, dust and dirt."

In his best-known work, When Faith Moves Mountains (2002), Alÿs recruited 500 volunteers in Ventanilla District outside of Lima, Peru. The participants were equipped with shovels and, forming a single line, they moved their shovel full of sand one step at a time from one side of a dune to the other, and together they displaced by a few inches the 500 mt long sand dune from its original position. Art critic Jean Fisher writes that "the radical event of art precipitates a crisis of meaning or, rather, it exposes the void of meaning at the core of a given social situation, which is its truth."

Between 2004 and 2005 Alÿs collaborated with Artangel on several projects regrouped under the title of Seven Walks. In one of them, The Nightwatch (2004), a wild fox called Bandit was set free in the National Portrait Gallery while it's wanderings were filmed by the surveillance cameras of the museum.

In the project Don't Cross the Bridge Before You Get to the River (2008), a line of kids with shoe boats leaves Europe towards Morocco while a line of kids with shoe boats leaves Africa towards Spain, with the 2 lines eventually meeting on the horizon. As in many of Alÿs' video projects, his collaborators were Rafael Ortega, Julien Devaux, Felix Blume and Ivan Boccara.

For Manifesta 10 in St. Petersburg, Alÿs contributed with Lada Kopeika Project (2014), a "road trip" that concludes with the Lada car crashing into a tree in the courtyard of the Hermitage. The Silence of Ani was realized in 2015 with a group of teenagers of Kars, Turkey. It takes place on the present Turkish-Armenian border in the once Armenian City of Ani which, after centuries of successive invasions and sackings, lies today in a state of total abandon and decay. Alÿs gave instruments to imitate birds—birdcalls—to the teenagers, they entered the city walls and, hiding in the rubbles, called the birds to create the illusion that the city was coming back to life.

Painting
"I was profoundly under the spell of pre-Renaissance painting during my years of university in Italy: from Lorenzetti to Fra Angelico. Even to this day, my iconography is a combination of that imagery and the language of Mexican sign painting. This blend allowed me to find a personal way of materializing images. I've never been that interested in a painterly style. My images are most often mentally resolved— 'imagined'—by the time they make it to the canvas."In the early nineties, Alÿs collaborated with Mexican sign-painters ("rotulistas") to paint enlarged and elaborated versions of his small paintings, which they were invited to reproduce at their own taste. The generic name of this project was The Liar, the Copy of the Liar (1997). His intention is to challenge the idea of the original artwork, rendering the process of making more anonymous and deflating the perceived commercial value of art.

The paintings of the series Le temps du sommeil were begun in 1996 and often worked on at night. They feature visionary dreamlike scenes involving tiny suited men and women acting out strange rituals reminiscent of children's games and gymnastic experiments. Many of these images anticipate and recall the forms he has employed in his actions, but the paintings connect to his actions in other ways too since their surfaces are worked and re-worked. The fact that the images are never final but rather are palimpsests, suggests the deep connection between figurative painting and action art that lies at the heart of Alÿs' work.

"What justifies my recourse to painting is that it's the shortest way—or sometimes the only way—to translate certain scenarios or situations that cannot be said, that cannot be filmed or performed. It's about entering a situation that could not exist elsewhere, only on the paper or canvas. [...] Also, painting allows me to retreat from the sometimes hectic rhythm of the performances and film productions, and to distance myself without losing contact with them. [...] When I am translating an ongoing film plot into an image, I'll try to create an image that reflects the intention behind the plot rather than illustrating the facts of the film. It functions more like a correspondence, a pendant."

The Fabiola Project
Since 1994, Alÿs has been collecting copies of Jean-Jacques Henner's painting of Fabiola, a fourth-century patrician Roman woman who, despite divorce and remarriage, did such fervent penance that she was welcomed back to the faith and, after her death, sainted. Through a novel written by Cardinal Wiseman, Fabiola regained popularity in the middle of the nineteen century. Alÿs acquired copies of Fabiola portraits painted by of amateurs in flea markets and antiques stores, in places as various as Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Holland, Germany, Lebanon and Russia. The paintings have been left in their original state. The artists, dates, and places of origin are often unknown.

Alÿs explained his interest in these widely produced replicas: 'It made me question the status of an icon. What is an icon? Is an icon defined by official art history? Or is an icon defined by, in this case, what seems to be an amateur painter's obsession with a particular image?'

24 Fabiolas were first exhibited in 1994 at the Mexico City's cultural initiative Curare: espacio crítico para las artes. In 1997, 60 of them were exhibited at London's Whitechapel Art Gallery. Between 2007 and 2018 they were exhibited at the following venues: Dia Art Foundation at The Hispanic Society of America, New York; Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) ; National Portrait Gallery, London; Monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos, Burgos, Spain (organized by Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid); Haus sum Kirschgarten, Basel (organized by Schaulager); Museo de Arte de Lima; Museo Amparo, Puebla, Mexico; Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo; Museo de Arte de Zapopan, Guadalajara, Mexico. Its latest presentation was at the Byzantine Fresco Chapel of the Menil Collection in Houston and by then the collection had grown to include 514 copies of the original portrait.

Recent projects
Between 2010 and 2014, Alÿs traveled extensively to Afghanistan following his invitation to participate in dOCUMENTA(13). In collaboration with Julien Devaux and Ajmal Maiwandi, he produced Reel-Unreel (2011), a 20 min film. The camera follows two young Afghan boys as they chase the reel rolling down the hills of Kabul, with one boy unrolling the strip of film and leading the way, while another follows him, rewinding it. The title Reel-Unreel alludes to the real/unreal image of Afghanistan conveyed by the media in the West: how the Afghan way of life, along with its people, has gradually been dehumanized and, after decades of war, turned into a Western fiction. In 2013, he served as an embedded war artist with the UK's Task Force in the province of Helmand (Adrenalotourism, 2013).

Originally invited by the Baghdad-based Ruya Foundation to do a project in Yezidi refugee camps, Alÿs' main focus of production from 2015 to 2020 took place in Iraq. As war artist again he accompanied a Peshmerga battalion during the Kurdish offensive to free Mosul from the Islamic state of occupation. In that region Alÿs has also developed projects such as Hopscotch (2016), produced in collaboration with the Yazidi Refugee Camp of Sharya, Duhok, Iraq; Color Matching (2016), filmed during his embed with Kurdish forces; Salam Tristesse (2018) produced in collaboration with the Yazidi Refugee Camp of Kabarto and lastly Sandlines, the Story of History (2020), a feature film where the children of a mountain village near Mosul reenact a century of Iraqi history, from the secret agreement of Sykes/Picot signed in 1916 to the realm of terror established by the Islamic State in 2016. Sandlines premiered in 2020 at festivals like Sundance, the International Film Festival Rotterdam, and Mexico City's Ficunam.

Alÿs continues to add to his long running film series Children's Games (1999–present) which has amassed over 20 videos of children playing varies games in places in Afghanistan, Iraq, Mexico, Europe, and Hong Kong. The series reflects the artists habit of 'making contact' with a completely different culture by seeing and filming how kids play.

Exhibitions and recognition
The artist's work was the subject of major surveys like A Story of Deception, which was on view from 2010 to 2011 at Tate Modern, London; Wiels Centre d'Art Contemporain, Brussels; and The Museum of Modern Art, New York and MoMA PS1, Long Island City, New York; or A Story of Negotiation, which traveled between 2015 and 2017 from Museo Tamayo Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City, to Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires (MALBA) – Fundación Costantini, Buenos Aires; Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de la Habana, Havana; and Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.

Exhibitions (selection)
Over the past decade, he has had several solo exhibitions at prominent venues, including the Rockbund Art Museum (RAM), Shanghai (2018); Art Sonje Center, Seoul (2018); Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (traveled to the Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, both 2013); Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin (2010); The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago (2008); Hammer Museum, Los Angeles (2007); Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC (2006); and Portikus, Frankfurt (2006). Alÿs participated in the Venice Biennale in 1999, 2001, 2007 and 2017, and the Carnegie International in 2004.

Awards
He has been awarded the Blue Orange prize in 2004, the Vincent Award in 2008, the BACA-laureate prize in 2010, the EYE Art & Film Prize from EYE Filmmuseum in 2018, and in 2020 the Whitechapel Gallery Art Icon Award and the Rolf Schock Prize in Visual Arts. Francis Alÿs will represent Belgium at the 2022 Venice Biennale. He was among the names in Blake Gopnik's 2011 list "The 10 Most Important Artists of Today", with Gopnik arguing that his art stands for "being alive and striving to do anything in a universe that grinds all efforts to dust."
In 2013, Dale Eisinger of Complex ranked Re-Enactment 10th in his list of the greatest performance art works, saying that it "seems to carry more personal risk as well heavier social critique [sic]" than the better-known When Faith Moves Mountains.

Selected bibliography

 2004. Francis Alÿs: The Modern Procession. Texts by Francis Alÿs, Lynne Cooke, Alejandro Diaz, Tom Eccles, Dario Gamboni, RoseLee Goldberg, Laurence Kardish, Harper Montgomery, and Francesco Pellizzi. Interview with the artist by Tom Eccles and Robert Storr. Public Art Fund, New York
 2005.  When Faith Moves Mountains/Cuando la fe mueve montañas. Texts by Susan Buck Morss, Gustavo Buntinx, Lynne Cooke, Corinne Diserens, Cuauhtémoc Medina, and Gerardo Mosquera. Turner, Madrid
 2006. Francis Alÿs: The Historic Centre of Mexico City. Text by Carlos Monsiváis. Turner, Madrid
 2006. Diez cuadras alrededor del estudio, Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso, Mexico City
 2006. Francis Alÿs: A Story of Deception - Patagonien 2003-2006. Texts by Francis Alÿs and Olivier Debroise. Revolver, Frankfurt (exh. cat.)
 2007. Francis Alÿs: Politics of Rehearsal. Text by Russell Ferguson. Steidl, Göttingen, Germany and Hammer Museum, Los Angeles (exh. cat.)
 2010. In A Given Situation/Numa Dada Situação. Texts by Ton Marar, Cuauhtémoc Medina, and Alfonso Reyes. Cosac Naify, São Paulo
 2010. Francis Alÿs: A Story of Deception. Edited by Mark Godfrey, Klaus Biesenbach, and Kerryn Greenberg. Texts by Eduardo Abaroa, Francesco Careri, T.J. Demos, Carla Faesler, Laymert Garcia dos Santos, Mark Godfrey, Boris Groys, Miwon Kwon, Tom McDonough, Lorna Scott Fox, Eyal Weizman, et al. Tate Publishing, London (exh. cat.)
 2011. Sign Painting Project. Edited by Theodora Vischer. Texts by Francis Alÿs, Néstor García Canclini, Monika Kästli, and Cuauhtémoc Medina. Steidl, Göttingen, Germany and Schaulager, Basel
 2013. Francis Alÿs: schilder van luchtspiegelingen. Text by Paul de Moor. Ludion, Antwerp
 2013. Don't Cross the Bridge Before You Get to the River. Texts by Yukie Kamiya and Kazuhiko Yoshizaki. Seigensha Art Publishing, Kyoto (exh. cat.)
 2014. Francis Alÿs: REEL-UNREEL. Edited by Andrea Viliani. Texts by Francis Alÿs, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Mario García Torres, Mariam Ghani, Ewa Gorządek, Ajmal Maiwandi, Amanullah Mojadidi, Robert Slifkin, and Michael Taussig. Interview with the artist by Ajmal Maiwandi and Andrea Viliani. Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina Napoli (MADRE), Naples and Centre for Contemporary Art Ujazdowski Castle, Warsaw (exh. cat.)
 2015. Relato de una negociación: pintura y acción en la obra de Francis Alÿs/A Story of Negotiation: Painting and Action in the Work of Francis Alÿs, Museo Tamayo Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City (exh. cat.)
 2016. Le temps du sommeil. Texts by Francis Alÿs and Catherine Lampert. Secession, Vienna
2018. Knots'n Dust: Francis Alÿs. Text by Marie Muracciole. Les Presses du réel, Dijon
 2019. Francis Alÿs: La dépense, Rockbund Art Museum, Shanghai (exh. cat.)

Francis Alÿs is represented by David Zwirner in New York, Galerie Peter Kilchmann in Zurich, and Jan Mot in Brussels.

References

External links
 http://francisalys.com/ Artist's official website
 Francis Alÿs at the Museum of Modern Art
 Lynne Cooke's essay on Fabiola, 2008
 Review of Revolution VS Revolution, Beirut Art Center, 2012
 Sacha Guedj-Cohen's interview with Francis Alÿs and Julien Devaux about Sandlines, the Story of History, "Francis Alÿs. Between Fiction and Reality", artpress, issue 479 (July-August 2020)]
 Michele Robecchi's interview with Francis Alÿs, Contemporary, issue 78 (2005)
 Mark Godfrey, TJ Demos, Eyal Weizman, Ayesha Hameed: "Rights of Passage." Tate etc. issue 19 (2010)
 Francis Alÿs' profile at Kadist Art Foundation

1959 births
Living people
Walking artists
Painters from Antwerp
Belgian contemporary artists
Belgian emigrants to Mexico
Mexican contemporary artists


Danny Ray Godby (born November 4, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player who appeared in 13 games played for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball during the 1974 season. An outfielder who threw and batted right-handed, Godby stood  tall and weighed .

Godby was born in Logan, West Virginia.  He attended Bowling Green University, and from 1965 to 1967 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was signed as an undrafted free agent in  by the Cincinnati Reds, then traded to the Cardinals in .

Godby was in his seventh professional season when he was recalled by the Cardinals in August 1974 after he batted .344 in 100 games for the Triple-A Tulsa Oilers and was selected to the American Association all-star team. Godby made his MLB debut on August 10 when he was announced as a pinch hitter for Bob Forsch against left-hander Doug Rau of the Los Angeles Dodgers. However, when Rau was relieved by righty relief pitcher Mike Marshall, Godby was himself replaced by a left-handed pinch hitter, Tim McCarver. Two days later, against the San Diego Padres, Godby pinch hit for Al Hrabosky in the home half of the 13th inning and singled off Bill Laxton for his first MLB hit in his first official at bat.  Godby made his way to third base on a sacrifice bunt and another single, then scored the winning run on a sacrifice fly by Bake McBride.

The hit off Laxton was one of two Godby would collect in 13 at-bats and 17 plate appearances (along with three bases on balls and one sacrifice fly) with the Cardinals. The other, also a single, came a month later off the New York Mets' Jon Matlack. He scored two runs, with one run batted in. When his Redbird trial ended after the 1974 season, Godby played three more seasons of minor league baseball before concluding his professional career in 1977 after ten seasons. He collected 898 hits in 958 minor league games, batting .282.

After his pro baseball days were over, Godby has worked as a physical education teacher at his high school alma mater, Chapmanville High School, and later at the new Chapmanville Regional High School in West Virginia.

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
Asheville Tourists players
Baseball players from West Virginia
Bowling Green Falcons baseball players
Charleston Charlies players
Chatham Anglers players
Indianapolis Indians players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Pawtucket Red Sox players
People from Logan, West Virginia
St. Louis Cardinals players
Sioux Falls Packers players
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
People from Chapmanville, West Virginia


The Round Barn Theatre is a non-Equity regional theatre located in Nappanee, Indiana. It is part of The Barns at Nappanee, Home of Amish Acres, a historic farm and heritage resort. The Barns at Nappanee, Home of Amish Acres is owned by Marlin and Christy Stutzman The Stutzman's are the producers of The Round Barn Theatre. The building is a round barn built in 1911 that was dismantled and relocated at the farm in 1998. It was moved  from its original location. To meet state building codes a thirty-two ton six-inch (152 mm)  tubular steel frame was erected and the original studs, compression rings, rafters, and cupola were reassembled attached to the frame. The barn is sixty feet in diameter and stands sixty feet tall to the top of the cupola. Insulation is sandwiched between new barn siding inside and outside the frame. A post and beam straw shed that was added to the structure shortly after its construction was also moved intact to become the proscenium stage for the theatre. Robert Holdeman, AIA, of Traverse City, Michigan designed the plans that converted the barn into a state of the art performing arts center. Ninety-six dimmer circuits provide theatre lighting and a sound system using Audiotechnica cordless microphones provide the required tools for the lighting and sound designers. The stage is outfitted with a counterweight fly system. The orchestra is housed in a loft open to the audience. The seating capacity in the orchestra, mezzanine, and balcony is four hundred.

Programming at The Round Barn Theatre
The Round Barn Theatre offers a 45 week season that is filled with 5-6 Broadway style musicals. Examples include Hunchback of Notre Dame, Into the Woods, Disney's Beauty and the Beast, and more. Each season, RBT employs over 50 artists to successfully execute the theatrical season. Audience members can expect to see performers from all around the country who temporarily make Nappanee their home to work with RBT.

Lux Theatre Group at RBT
Lux Theatre Group, formally Legacy Theatre Group, is the producing company who makes The Round Barn Theatre their home. Specializing in brand new musicals, Lux Theatre Group has produced world premiere productions including, A Musical Christmas Carol, Land That I Love, and the Hallmark Channel and Janette Oke favorite When Calls the Heart The Musical which premieres in 2021. The Lux Theatre Group is founded by Christy Stutzman who serves as the Composer writing the music and lyrics. John Coates orchestrates, and Bethany Crawford pens the scripts.

Theatres in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Elkhart County, Indiana
Barn theatres


Épagne () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department
Parc naturel régional de la Forêt d'Orient

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia


Épothémont () is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

Population

See also
Communes of the Aube department

References

Communes of Aube
Aube communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia