Below a list of all National Champions in the Women's Pole Vault (outdoor) in track and field from several countries since the mid-1990s.

Argentina

1994: Mariana Falcioni
1995: Alejandra García
1996: Alejandra García
1997: Alejandra García
1998: Alejandra García
1999: Alejandra García
2000: Alejandra García
2001: Alejandra García
2002: Alejandra García
2003: Alejandra García
2004: Alejandra García
2005: Alejandra García
2006: Carolina Dalurzo

Australia

1995: Emma George
1996: Melissa Harris
1997: Emma George
1998: Emma George
1999: Tatiana Grigorieva
2000: Emma George
2001: Jenni Dryburgh (NZL)
2002: Tatiana Grigorieva
2003: Melina Hamilton (NZL)
2004: Kym Howe
2005: Melina Hamilton (NZL)
2006: Tatiana Grigorieva
2007: Kym Howe
2008: Alana Boyd
2009: Alana Boyd
2010: Elizabeth Parnov
2011: Charmaine Lucock
2012: Vicky Parnov
2013: Alana Boyd
2014: Liz Parnov
2015: Alana Boyd

Austria

1995: Monika Erlach
1996: Doris Auer
1997: Doris Auer
1998: Monika Erlach
1999: Doris Auer
2000: Doris Auer
2001: Michaela Kohlbauer
2002: Carmen Klausbruckner
2003: Carmen Klausbruckner
2004: Brigitta Pöll
2005: Doris Auer
2006: Carmen Klausbruckner

Belgium

1995: Sophie Zubiolo
1996: Sophie Zubiolo
1997: Sophie Zubiolo
1998: Sophie Zubiolo
1999: Irena Dufour
2000: Liesbet Van Roie
2001: Caroline Goetghebuer
2002: Irena Dufour
2003: Karen Pollefeyt
2004: Irena Dufour
2005: Irena Dufour
2006: Karen Pollefeyt
2007: Karen Pollefeyt
2008: Fanny Smets
2009: Fanny Smets
2010: Fanny Smets
2011: Fanny Smets
2012: Chloé Henry
2013: Fanny Smets
2014: Chloé Henry
2015: Chloé Henry
2016: Fanny Smets

Brazil

1995: Conceição Geremias
1996: Márcia Hennemann
1997: Miriam Schwuchow
1998: Patrícia Jiacomussi
1999: Joana Costa
2000: Karla da Silva
2001: Fabiana Murer
2002: Karla da Silva
2003: Karla da Silva
2004: Joana Costa
2005: Fabiana Murer
2006: Fabiana Murer
2007: Fabiana Murer
2008: Fabiana Murer
2009: Fabiana Murer
2010: Fabiana Murer
2011: Karla da Silva
2012: Karla da Silva
2013: Fabiana Murer
2014: Patrícia Gabriela dos Santos
2015: Fabiana Murer

Bulgaria

1995: Tanya Koleva
1996: Not Held
1997: Tanya Koleva
1998: Iva Vasileva
1999: Vera Chavdarova
2000: Tanya Koleva
2001: Vera Chavdarova
2002: Vera Chavdarova
2003: Vera Chavdarova
2004: Vera Chavdarova
2005: Tanya Stefanova
2006: Vera Chavdarova

Canada

1995: Rebecca Chambers
1996: Jackie Honey
1997: Trista Bernier
1998: Trista Bernier
1999: Rebecca Chambers
2000: Ardin Harrison
2001: Stephanie McCann
2002: Stephanie McCann
2003: Stephanie McCann
2004: Dana Ellis
2005: Dana Ellis
2006: Stephanie McCann
2007: Kelsie Hendry
2008: Kelsie Hendry
2010: Gabrielle Duclos-Lasnier
2011: Carly Dockendorf
2012: Lindsey Bergevin
2013: Heather Hamilton
2014: Lindsey Bergevin
2015: Kelsie Ahbe

China

1989: Wu Weili
1990: Zhang Chunzhen
1991: Zhang Chunzhen
1992: Sun Caiyun
1993: Sun Caiyun
1994: Cai Weiyan
1995: Zhong Guiqing
1996: Sun Caiyun
1997: Cai Weiyan
1998: Cai Weiyan
1999: Sun Caiyun
2000: Gao Shuying
2001: Gao Shuying
2002: Gao Shuying
2003: Zhao Yingying
2004: Gao Shuying
2005: Zhao Yingying

Czech Republic

1993: Daniela Bártová
1994: Daniela Bártová
1995: Daniela Bártová
1996: Daniela Bártová
1997: Daniela Bártová
1998: Daniela Bártová
1999: Pavla Hamácková
2000: Daniela Bártová
2001: Katerina Badurová
2002: Šárka Mládková
2003: Pavla Hamácková
2004: Katerina Badurová
2005: Pavla Hamácková
2006: Pavla Hamácková

Denmark

1996: Marie Bagger Rasmussen
1997: Louise Brændstrup
1998: Marie Bagger Rasmussen
1999: Karen Klintø
2000: Anita Tørring
2001: Marie Bagger Rasmussen
2002: Marie Bagger Bohn (Rasmussen)
2003: Anita Tørring
2004: Anita Tørring
2005: Anita Tørring
2006: Iben Høgh-Pedersen
2007: Anita Tørring

Estonia

1997: Margit Randver
1998: Merle Kivimets
1999: Margit Randver
2000: Merle Kivimets
2001: Margit Randver
2002: Margit Randver
2003: Kristin Karu
2004: Lea Saapar
2005: Kristina Ulitina
2006: Kristina Ulitina
2007: Lembi Vaher
2008: Lembi Vaher
2009: Lembi Vaher
2010: Lembi Vaher
2011: Reena Koll
2012: Lembi Vaher
2013: Lembi Vaher
2014: Reena Koll
2015: Reena Koll
2016: Getter Marie Lemberg
2017: Lembi Vaher
2018: Reena Koll
2019: Marleen Mülla
2020: Marleen Mülla
2021: Marleen Mülla
2022: Marleen Mülla

Finland

1994: Birgitta Ivanoff
1995: Teija Saari
1996: Tiina Vilenius
1997: Teija Saari
1998: Teija Saari
1999: Teija Saari
2000: Annu Mäkelä
2001: Teija Saari
2002: Teija Saari
2003: Hanna Palamaa
2004: Saara Laaksonen
2005: Aino-Maija Karvinen
2006: Minna Nikkanen
2007: Minna Nikkanen
2008: Vanessa Vandy
2009: Minna Nikkanen
2010: Minna Nikkanen
2011: Minna Nikkanen
2012: Minna Nikkanen
2013: Minna Nikkanen
2014: Minna Nikkanen

France

1995: Caroline Ammel
1996: Amandine Homo
1997: Aurore Pignot
1998: Amandine Homo
1999: Amandine Homo
2000: Caroline Ammel
2001: Vanessa Boslak
2002: Marie Poissonnier
2003: Vanessa Boslak
2004: Vanessa Boslak
2005: Vanessa Boslak
2006: Elisabete Tavares (POR)
2007: Vanessa Boslak
2008: Marion Buisson
2009: Sandra Ribeiro-Tavares

Germany

1992: Daniela Köpernick
1993: Carmen Haage
1994: Andrea Müller
1995: Christine Adams
1996: Christine Adams
1997: Andrea Müller
1998: Sabine Schulte
1999: Yvonne Buschbaum
2000: Yvonne Buschbaum
2001: Annika Becker
2002: Annika Becker
2003: Yvonne Buschbaum
2004: Carolin Hingst
2005: Silke Spiegelburg
2006: Silke Spiegelburg
2007: Silke Spiegelburg
2008: Carolin Hingst
2009: Silke Spiegelburg
2010: Silke Spiegelburg
2011: Martina Strutz
2012: Silke Spiegelburg
2013: Martina Strutz
2014: Lisa Ryzih
2015: Lisa Ryzih

Greece

1995: Georgia Tsiligiri
1996: Paraskevi Koumbou
1997: Georgia Tsiligiri
1998: Georgia Tsiligiri
1999: Thaleia Iakovidou
2000: Georgia Tsiligiri
2001: Georgia Tsiligiri
2002: Georgia Tsiligiri
2003: Anna Fitidou (CYP)
2004: Georgia Tsiligiri
2005: Afroditi Skafida
2006: Antigoni Asteriou

Hungary

1995: Zsuzsanna Szabó
1996: Zsuzsanna Szabó
1997: Eszter Szemerédi
1998: Zsuzsanna Szabó
1999: Zsuzsanna Szabó
2000: Zsuzsanna Szabó
2001: Krisztina Molnár
2002: Krisztina Molnár
2003: Zsuzsanna Szabó
2004: Krisztina Molnár
2005: Krisztina Molnár
2006: Krisztina Molnár

Italy

1995: Maria Carla Bresciani
1996: Chiara Romana
1997: Maria Carla Bresciani
1998: Anna Tamburuni
1999: Maria Carla Bresciani
2000: Arianna Farfaletti Casali
2001: Maria Carla Bresciani
2002: Francesca Dolcini
2003: Arianna Farfaletti Casali
2004: Maria Carla Bresciani
2005: Sara Bruzzese
2006: Arianna Farfaletti Casali
2007: Anna Giordano Bruno
2008: Anna Giordano Bruno
2009: Anna Giordano Bruno
2010: Elena Scarpellini
2011: Anna Giordano Bruno
2012: Anna Giordano Bruno
2013: Giorgia Benecchi
2014: Roberta Bruni
2015: Sonia Malavisi
2016: Sonia Malavisi
2017: Elisa Molinarolo
2018: Roberta Bruni

Japan

1995: Yayoi Suzuki
1996: Mami Nakano
1997: Mami Nakano
1998: Masumi Ono
1999: Masumi Ono
2000: Akane Eguchi
2001: Takayo Kondo
2002: Takayo Kondo
2003: Masumi Ono
2004: Takayo Kondo
2005: Takayo Kondo
2006: Mami Nakano
2007: Takayo Kondo
2008: Tomomi Abiko
2009: Takayo Kondo
2010: Tomomi Abiko
2011: Tomomi Abiko
2012: Tomomi Abiko
2013: Tatsuta Kanae
2014: Megumi Hamana
2015: Tatsuta Kanae
2016: Ayako Aoshima
2017: Tomomi Abiko
2018: Juri Nanbu
2019: Mayu Nasu

Latvia

1996: Elīna Ringa (2,80m)
1997: Elīna Ringa
1998: Elīna Ringa
1999: Elīna Ringa
2000: Elīna Ringa (3,70m)
2001: Elīna Ringa
2002: Irēna Žauna
2003: Elīna Ringa
2004: Rita Obižajeva
2005: Alise Dimante
2006: Elīna Ringa
2007: Elīna Ringa
2008: Elīna Ringa
2009: Ildze Bortašķenoka
2010: Ildze Bortašķenoka

Netherlands

1995: Marjolein Masclee
1996: Monique de Wilt
1997: Monique de Wilt
1998: Monique de Wilt
1999: Monique de Wilt
2000: Monique de Wilt
2001: Monique de Wilt
2002: Sandra van der Geer
2003: Sandra van der Geer
2004: Monique de Wilt
2005: Rianna Galiart
2006: Rianna Galiart
2007: Rianna Galiart
2008: Rianna Galiart
2009: Rianna Galiart
2010: Denise Groot
2011: Denise Groot
2012: Rianna Galiart
2013: Rianna Galiart
2014: Rianna Galiart
2015: Femke Pluim
2016: Femke Pluim

New Zealand

1992: Melina Hamilton
1993: Melina Hamilton
1994: Melina Hamilton
1995: Emily Marshall
1996: Cassandra Kelly
1997: Melina Hamilton
1998: Jenni Dryburgh
1999: Melina Hamilton
2000: Melina Hamilton
2001: Jenni Dryburgh
2002: Melina Hamilton
2003: Melina Hamilton
2004: Melina Hamilton
2005: Melina Hamilton
2006: Melina Hamilton
2007: Melina Hamilton
2008: Melina Hamilton
2009: Julia Hart
2010: Julia Hart
2011: Kerry Charlesworth
2012: Lucy McGall
2013: Valerie Chan
2014: Kerry Charlesworth
2015: Eliza McCartney
2016: Eliza McCartney

Poland

1995: Anna Skrzyńska
1996: Anna Wielgus
1997: Anna Wielgus
1998: Anna Wielgus
1999: Monika Pyrek
2000: Monika Pyrek
2001: Monika Pyrek
2002: Monika Pyrek
2003: Agnieszka Wrona
2004: Monika Pyrek
2005: Monika Pyrek
2006: Monika Pyrek
2007: Monika Pyrek
2008: Monika Pyrek
2009: Anna Rogowska
2010: Monika Pyrek
2011: Anna Rogowska
2012: Monika Pyrek
2013: Anna Rogowska
2014: Anna Rogowska
2015: Justyna Śmietanka
2016: Justyna Śmietanka
2017: Justyna Śmietanka
2018: Justyna Śmietanka
2019: Kamila Przybyła

Portugal

1995: Sónia Machado
1996: Cristina Santos Almeida
1997: Ana Marisa Vieira
1998: Tânia Costa
1999: Ana Marisa Vieira
2000: Ana Marisa Vieira
2001: Elisabete Tavares
2002: Sandra Helena Tavares
2003: Elisabete Tavares
2004: Elisabete Tavares
2005: Elisabete Tavares
2006: Elisabete Tavares
2007: Sandra Helena Tavares
2008: Sandra Helena Tavares
2009: Maria Leonor Tavares
2010: Sandra Helena Tavares
2011: Maria Leonor Tavares
2012: Maria Leonor Tavares

Russia

1993: Svetlana Abramova
1994: Svetlana Abramova
1995: Marina Andreyeva
1996: Marina Andreyeva
1997: Svetlana Abramova
1998: Yelena Belyakova
1999: Yelena Belyakova
2000: Yelena Belyakova
2001: Svetlana Feofanova
2002: Yelena Isinbayeva
2003: Yelena Belyakova
2004: Anastasiya Ivanova
2005: Tatyana Polnova
2006: Svetlana Feofanova
2007: Svetlana Feofanova
2008: Svetlana Feofanova
2009: Yuliya Golubchikova
2010: Yuliya Golubchikova

South Africa

1995: Elmarie Gerryts
1996: Elmarie Gerryts
1997: Elmarie Gerryts
1998: Elmarie Gerryts
1999: Elmarie Gerryts
2000: Elmarie Gerryts
2001: Elmarie Gerryts
2002: Annelie van Wyk
2003: Samantha Dodd
2004: Samantha Dodd
2005: Lindi Roux
2006: Samantha Dodd

Spain

1995: Dana Cervantes
1996: Naiara Larrea
1997: Esther Auyanet
1998: Mar Sánchez
1999: Dana Cervantes
2000: Mar Sánchez
2001: Mar Sánchez
2002: Dana Cervantes
2003: Naroa Agirre
2004: Dana Cervantes
2005: Mar Sánchez
2006: Naroa Agirre
2007: Naroa Agirre
2008: Naroa Agirre
2009: Naroa Agirre
2010: Naroa Agirre
2011: Ana María Pinero
2012: Ana María Pinero

Sweden

1996: Alissa White
1997: Alissa White
1998: Charlotte Karlsson
1999: Hanna-Mia Persson
2000: Malin Ericsson
2001: Kirsten Belin
2002: Kirsten Belin
2003: Linda Persson
2004: Linda Persson
2005: Hanna-Mia Persson
2006: Linda Persson

Ukraine

1992: not contested
1993: not contested
1994: not contested
1995: not contested
1996: Anzhela Balakhonova
1997: Anzhela Balakhonova
1998: Lyudmyla Prykhodko
1999: Anzhela Balakhonova
2000: Anzhela Balakhonova
2001: Anzhela Balakhonova
2002: Yevgeniya Katkova
2003: Natalya Kushch
2004: Anzhela Balakhonova
2005: Anzhela Balakhonova
2006: Alevtina Ruyeva
2007: Natalya Mazuryk
2008: Natalya Mazuryk
2009: Alevtina Ruyeva
2010: Oksana Petrenko
2011: Kseniya Chertkoshvili
2012: Natalya Mazuryk
2013: Kateryna Kozlova
2014: Hanna Shelekh
2015: Maryna Kylypko
2016: Maryna Kylypko
2017: Maryna Kylypko
2018: Maryna Kylypko
2019: Maryna Kylypko
2020: Maryna Kylypko

United States

1994: Melissa Price
1995: Melissa Price
1996: Stacy Dragila
1997: Stacy Dragila
1998: Kellie Suttle
1999: Stacy Dragila
2000: Stacy Dragila
2001: Stacy Dragila
2002: Stacy Dragila
2003: Stacy Dragila
2004: Stacy Dragila
2005: Stacy Dragila
2006: Jennifer Stuczynski
2007: Jennifer Stuczynski
2008: Jennifer Stuczynski
2009: Jennifer Stuczynski
2010: Jenn Suhr
2011: Kylie Hutson
2012: Jenn Suhr
2013: Jenn Suhr
2014: Jenn Suhr
2015: Jenn Suhr
2016: Jenn Suhr
2017: Sandi Morris
2018: Sandi Morris
2019: Sandi Morris

See also
 List of pole vault national champions (men)

Notes

References
 GBRathletics

Women
Pole vault, national champions
National


Portal venous pressure is the blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein, and is normally between 5-10 mmHg. Raised portal venous pressure is termed portal hypertension, and has numerous sequelae such as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy.

Wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP)
WHVP is used to estimate the portal venous pressure by reflecting not the actual hepatic portal vein pressure but the hepatic sinusoidal pressure. It is determined by wedging a catheter in a hepatic vein, to occlude it, and then measuring the pressure of proximal static blood (which is reflective of pressure in the sinusoids). WHVP in fact slightly underestimates portal pressure due to sinusoidal equilibration in patients without cirrhosis, but the difference between the two is clinically insignificant. In patients with cirrhotic livers intersinusoidal communication is disrupted such that sinusoidal pressure equilibrium cannot be maintained, and so WHVP becomes a far more accurate measure of portal venous pressure.

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)
HVPG is a clinical measurement of the pressure gradient between the WHVP and the free hepatic venous pressures (FHPV), and thus is an estimate of the pressure gradient between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava.  An HVPG of ≥5 mmHg defines portal hypertension, and if the measurement exceeds 10 mmHg it is called clinically significant portal hypertension. Above 12 mm Hg, variceal haemorrhage may occur. While not widely performed, its assessment in people with chronic liver disease is recommended to monitor response to treatment.

References

External links

Blood pressure


Laureal is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the south of Lemercier, Le Moule, and Conchou, and to the north of Fonds d'Or, Boisvin, Renard, and Gardel.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Roger Aníbal Espinoza Ramírez (; born 25 October 1986) is a Honduran professional footballer and manager who plays as a midfielder or defender and is a youth manager for Major League Soccer club Sporting Kansas City. A former Honduras international, Espinoza has represented his country at two World Cups and the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Club career

Youth and College
At the age of twelve, Espinoza emigrated from Honduras to the United States. He attended Denver South High School before transferring to Regis Jesuit High School in Aurora, Colorado.

He played two years of college soccer at Yavapai College, spending one season with the Arizona Sahuaros of the National Premier Soccer League in 2006. In 2007, he transferred to Ohio State for his junior season. That season, Ohio State advanced to  the national championship game of the College Cup. Espinoza scored in the 12th minute, but Ohio State lost to Wake Forest, 2–1. In his one season at Ohio State, Espinoza was named first-team All-Big Ten, second-team all-region, and earned a spot the NCAA College Cup All-Tournament Team.

Sporting Kansas City
Espinoza opted to forgo his senior year of college and signed a Generation Adidas contract with Major League Soccer. He was selected with the 11th overall pick of the 2008 MLS SuperDraft by the Kansas City Wizards (now known as Sporting Kansas City). In his first season at the club, he appeared in 22 games and tied for third on the team in assists with 3. Playing as both a leftback and defensive midfielder, he appeared in 113 regular season matches over five years with the club and helped Sporting to victory in the 2012 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

Wigan Athletic
Following the 2012 MLS season, Espinoza signed with Wigan Athletic of the English Premier League on a free transfer. He was assigned number 18.

Espinoza made his Wigan Athletic debut on 19 January when he came on as a half-time substitute during a 2–3 loss against Sunderland. He scored his first goal for the club against Swansea City on 7 May. On 11 May 2013, Espinoza won the FA Cup with Wigan, playing the whole game in a 1–0 upset win against Manchester City. However, only three days later, Wigan were relegated from the Premier League following a 4–1 defeat against Arsenal.
He scored his second goal for the club against MK Dons in the FA Cup on 4 January 2014. Espinoza scored his second league goal and provided an assist for teammate Shaun Maloney against Fulham on 1 November 2014 at the DW Stadium in a 3–3 draw.

However, Espinoza's minutes dwindled in the 2014–15 season, and he and Wigan agreed to part ways in December 2014.

Return to Kansas City

Espinoza returned to Sporting Kansas City ahead of the 2015 season. In his second start since returning to Sporting, Espinoza scored an equalizing goal against FC Dallas on 14 March 2015. Espinoza saw his first season back in Kansas City curtailed through injury though the side still won the 2015 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup. Espinoza played a key role as Sporting KC repeated the feat two years later, lifting the 2017 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup by beating the New York Red Bulls 2–1 at Children's Mercy Park. In the 2018 MLS season, Espinoza has set a new career-high with nine assists in a single season, having never produced more than five in the past.

In August 2021, Espinoza took an assistant coaching role with the Sporting KC Academy as part of his B License course in the U.S. Soccer Coaching Education program. Espinoza would serve as an U-13 assistant.

On 13 January 2022, it was announced that SKC had re-signed Espinoza to a one-year contract for the 2022 Major League Soccer season.

International career
Espinoza was called up to the Honduras national football team by Reinaldo Rueda for the UNCAF Nations Cup 2009 held in Honduras for the first time in his career. He made three appearances during the tournament where he wore number 13. He scored his first goal for the national team in a 1–0 win against El Salvador to give Honduras 3rd place in the competition.

Espinoza was called up by Luis Fernando Suárez to represent his country in the 2012 London Olympics; he scored a goal against Brazil in the quarter-final of the tournament, but was sent off in the 90th minute, receiving standing ovation from the Newcastle crowd for his performance.

Espinoza has represented Honduras at the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups.

On 16 August 2019, Espinoza announced his retirement from the Honduras national team.

International goals
Scores and results list Honduras's goal tally first.

Career statistics

Club

International

Personal life
Espinoza became a United States citizen in March 2008.  He is married to Kansas City Current player Lo'eau LaBonta.

Honours
Sporting Kansas City
Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup: 2012, 2015, 2017

Wigan Athletic
FA Cup: 2012–13

References

External links

 Article about him on El Tiempo

1986 births
Living people
People from Puerto Cortés
Honduran emigrants to the United States
Soccer players from Denver
Men's association football midfielders
Honduran men's footballers
Honduras men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Honduras
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Yavapai Roughriders men's soccer players
Ohio State Buckeyes men's soccer players
Sporting Arizona FC players
Sporting Kansas City players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Sporting Kansas City II players
Major League Soccer players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
Premier League players
English Football League players
USL Championship players
Sporting Kansas City draft picks
Honduran expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Designated Players (MLS)
Honduran expatriate sportspeople in England
Honduran expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Regis Jesuit High School alumni


Renard is a settlement in Guadeloupe, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the west of Dubedou and Zevallos, and to the east of Boisvin; Guenette and Portland are to its north.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Bruno Valente (born 30 December 1982) is a Portuguese footballer. He plays for FC Fribourg. He spent his whole career in Switzerland.

External links

Football.ch profile

1982 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Neuchâtel Xamax FCS players
FC Lugano players
FC St. Gallen players
FC Schaffhausen players
FC La Chaux-de-Fonds players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Challenge League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Men's association football forwards
FC Meyrin players
FC Fribourg players


Since the Accident is the fourth studio album released by Australian electronic dance music group Severed Heads, first released in 1983. Released through Ink Records, it was the first major label release by the group. The album's lead single "Dead Eyes Opened" received critical and commercial success, peaking at #16 on the ARIA Charts. Throughout the years following the album's initial release in 1983, the recording has been reissued many times on multiple different formats through a variety of record labels.

Background
According to Tom Ellard, Since the Accident was initially a C60 cassette tape that was recorded around the time Garry Bradbury began to want to leave the group. The tape, which was packaged in a folder, was given to Dave Kitson, an associate of Ink Records, and after he listened to it on repeat during a 14-hour train ride, he decided to help release an abridged version of the tape via Ink Records. Originally, "Dead Eyes Opened" was only left on the original cassette to help fill up the remaining blank space on the tape, and the spoken word sample used in the song originated from the TV series Scales of Justice.

Reception

In the Juno Download review, Since the Accident was described as "one of Severed Heads’ finest moments". In Sounds magazine, the album was described as "essential alternative sound" and later as "gutsy, emotional and melodic". Tom Ellard expressed his distaste for "Dead Eyes Opened", calling the track "insipid".

Track listing
All songs written by Garry Bradbury and Tom Ellard unless indicated.
Original LP release:  UK (Ink, INK 2), Europe (Red Flame/Virgin, 206 176), Australia (Ink/Virgin, INK 2)

"Golden Boy" ends in a locked groove, which has been handled in subsequent reissues by shutting off the tape, fading it out and cutting in playing it on a copy of the LP for a few loops.

The Australian LP release starts side 2 with a lock groove of the beginning of "Wasps," which has only been reissued on the SevCom CD-R and Bandcamp downloads.  "Wasps" is an uncredited track on every release but the Bandcamp download.
The original cassette running order had two tracks removed to reduce it to LP length:  "Desert Song" (after "Golden Boy"), which was later re-released as a CD/download bonus track, and "Alaskan Polar Bear Heater" (after "Big God Sky," the original title of "Godsong") which was reduced to the first 4:47 and included on the 1985 UK double LP Clifford Darling Please Don't Live in the Past as "APBH No. 1" and the Nettwerk/Volition 1989 reissue CD/cassette as "APBH (Number Two)."

This CD was released without the consent of the band.  "Brassiere, In Rome" and "Wasps" were both on track 10.  11-13 were taken from the "Goodbye Tonsils" 12" single.  14-15 were taken from the "Dead Eyes Opened" 12" single.

"Wasps" is uncredited as usual, but this wasn't accounted for in the track numbering on the packaging and label.  One run of the CDs erroneously printed City Slab Horror on the spines.  Only tracks 12-15 were originally released on the 1982 cassette Blubberknife.  "Golden Boy Live" (from the Sedition performance in 1983) was previously unreleased.  "Desert Song" and the full-length "Alaskan" were released on the original cassette version of this album.

The CD-R release was packaged in a DVD case and included the Side One and Australian Side Two locked grooves (both recorded from a copy of the LP) as their own untitled tracks (7 & 8), which made Side Two 9-13 and the above tracks 14-17.  The Bandcamp reissue puts 7 & 8 into "Golden Boy" and "Godsong," respectively, making Side Two 7-11 again and the bonus tracks 12-15.  "Wasps" and the previously-unreleased "MoreNo" were not credited in the CD-R packaging.
In 2014, the American label Medical Records LLC reissued the LP in an edition of 1000 copies on half-black/half-white vinyl (MR-034).

Personnel
Tom Ellard - drum programming, synthesizers
Garry Bradbury - drum programming, synthesizers
Simon Knuckey - guitar [credited as Simon Insectocutor]
Stephen Jones - video synthesizer
J. Mansfield - recording, engineering
Patrick Gibson - engineering, remixing
Marx Town & Country Plan - design
Severed Heads - design, composition

References

External links

 Bandcamp page

Severed Heads albums
1983 albums


Guenette is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the east of Guillocheau and Laureal, and to the south of Conchou; Dubedou and Zevallos lie to its east, and Gardel and Renard to its south.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Portland is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the east of Guillocheau and Laureal, and to the west of Dubedou and Zevallos; Conchou is to its north.
Populated places in Guadeloupe

References


Patrick Leo Meehan (born October 20, 1955) is a former American Republican Party politician and federal prosecutor from Pennsylvania who represented parts of Delaware, Chester, Montgomery, Berks, and Lancaster counties in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 until his resignation in 2018. He succeeded Democrat Joe Sestak, who ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.

A graduate of Bowdoin College and Temple University, Meehan previously served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (2001–2008) and as district attorney of Delaware County, Pennsylvania (1996–2001).

In January 2018, following the revelation that he used taxpayers' money to settle a sexual harassment claim brought by a female staff member, Meehan announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018. On April 27, 2018, Meehan resigned and said he would pay back the taxpayer funds used for the settlement. Democrat Mary Gay Scanlon won both a special and general election on the day of that year's midterms in November to succeed him.

Early life
Born and raised in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania by his parents Leo and Julia, Meehan is one of four siblings.

He attended Bowdoin College in Maine, graduating in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While at Bowdoin, Meehan was a standout hockey player and went on to work as a National Hockey League referee from 1979 to 1982. Meehan attended Temple Law School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and graduated in 1986 with his Juris Doctor degree.

Meehan's career in public service and politics began in 1979 when he worked with Republican candidate David Marston on his Philadelphia mayoral campaign. A year later, he worked on Roy Zimmerman's campaign for Pennsylvania Attorney General. Meehan went on to serve as Special Counsel to U.S. Senator Arlen Specter. He was a campaign manager for U.S. Senator Rick Santorum, Philadelphia D.A. Ron Castille, and State Attorney General Ernie Preate. After graduating from law school in 1986, Meehan went to work as an associate at the law firm Dilworth Paxson LLP.

District Attorney (1996–2001)
In 1995 and 1999, Meehan was elected the District Attorney of Delaware County as a Republican. During Meehan's tenure, his staff prosecuted several high-profile cases, including the Du Pont Murder Trial, (a case involving the murder of Olympic wrestler David Schultz by his millionaire benefactor John Eleuthère du Pont) and the 1996 murder of a 22-year-old college student named Aimee Willard (who was abducted from Route 476 and found in an abandoned lot in North Philadelphia).

While serving as District Attorney, Meehan set up the Special Victims Unit for Domestic Violence in Delaware County, offering victims protection from their alleged abusers by allowing the prosecution to occur without the victims testifying in open court. As D.A., he also focused on protecting youth by expanding the Youth Aid Panel program for first time offenders and creating a truancy project to limit youth-related crime during the day. Meehan established the United States Department of Justice's Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force (ICAC) in Pennsylvania. The ICAC is a special unit of detectives who investigate online predators on the web and bring them to justice; it has become a model across the country.

U.S. Attorney (2001–2008)
Meehan became the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on September 17, 2001, six days after the September 11, 2001 attacks. He was appointed by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the United States Senate. Meehan headed an office of over 200 lawyers and staff backed up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service Office. As U.S. Attorney, Meehan made terrorism, gang-related crime, child internet safety, and public corruption priorities for his criminal division. Public corruption in Philadelphia in particular was brought to the spotlight in 2003 when an FBI electronic listening device was found in the Philadelphia Mayor's office.

In light of the September 11 terrorist attacks, Meehan formed the Anti-Terrorism Task Force (ATTF), later renamed the Anti-Terrorism Advisory Council (ATAC) in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania to evaluate and prevent future terrorist attacks. This initiative was done in partnership with local, state and federal law enforcement and emergency responders. The ATAC has led large-scale exercises on biological attacks and the poisoning of the food supply in partnership with Saint Joseph's University in order to help Eastern Pennsylvania prepare for terrorist attacks.

Recognizing the expansion of gang-related activity in the eastern part of Pennsylvania, Meehan sought a $2.5 million Department of Justice grant to fight and prevent gang violence for the region. The unique "Route 222 Corridor Anti-Gang Initiative" brought together elected officials and law enforcement personnel with community groups to fight gangs in a rural area unfamiliar with big-city gang violence. The money was divided among enforcement, prevention and rehabilitation. The program aimed not only to increase arrests, but also to fund school programs and community centers to educate youth about alternatives to gang life.

Continuing the work he began while he was Delaware County D.A., Meehan made child safety on the internet a priority, sponsoring internet safety training seminars with Web Wise Kids and visiting local schools. Meehan's office prosecuted substandard nursing homes and elder care facilities, and nefarious lenders who offered ill-advised loans to disadvantaged homeowners. The U.S. Attorney's Office under Meehan was nationally recognized for its work in the field of health-care fraud. The office won more than half a billion dollars in settlements against some of the largest pharmaceutical companies and pharmacy benefit managers, ensuring better self-policing and oversight by the industry.

He announced on July 16, 2008, that he was joining the Philadelphia law firm of Conrad O'Brien Gellman & Rohn.

Public corruption cases
Though he has been active in a wide variety of areas, it has been several high-profile public corruption cases that have put Meehan in the headlines. Meehan has said, "Pay to play cannot be standard operating procedure in city government."

This was brought to national attention on October 7, 2003, when Philadelphia Police conducted a sweep of Mayor John F. Street's office and found an electronic listening device. It was later discovered that the "bug" had been planted by the FBI as part of a city corruption investigation. Street was never charged in the investigation. Philadelphia officials and the mayor were outraged, especially with the timing coinciding with the Philadelphia mayoral election on November 4, 2003. Street's campaign spokesman accused the federal government of attempting to influence the election (which Street ended up winning anyway). Meehan was applauded in the press and in the city for his handling of the situation, which resulted in twelve indictments including that of Street confidant Ronald White (who died before he could stand trial) and city treasurer Corey Kemp, who was convicted and sentenced to ten years in federal prison.

Other city officials prosecuted by Meehan's office included former city councilman Rick Mariano (who was sentenced to six and a half years in federal prison for accepting bribes and attempting to influence city contracts), the President of the Independence Seaport Museum John S. Carter (who was sentenced to 15 years for cheating the museum out of $1.5 million), Montgomery County accountant Denis Shusterman (for embezzling $10 million, he received a 14-year sentence), and State Senator Vincent Fumo (who was convicted on a 139-count indictment including fraud, conspiracy and obstruction of justice charges carrying a ten-year sentence).

Meehan was appointed to the United States House Committee on Ethics during the 113th Congress, summarily removed January 2018 by the Speaker of the House from the U.S. House Ethics Committee, and directed to repay to taxpayers the full cost of his secret sexual harassment settlement.

U.S. House of Representatives (2011–2018)

Elections

2010

Meehan began his campaign for Pennsylvania governor in 2008. On August 7, 2009, however, he announced that he was ending his exploratory bid and would instead run for Congress.  Reports indicated that another candidate, Pennsylvania Attorney General Tom Corbett, was too far ahead of Meehan in fundraising and endorsements.

Meehan ran in Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district election, vacated by Joe Sestak, who defeated U.S. Senator Arlen Specter in 2010 in the Democratic Party primary, but lost to Republican Pat Toomey in the general election. Meehan ran unopposed for the Republican Party nomination in the May 18, 2010, Republican primary.

To appear on the primary election ballot a candidate for Congress in Pennsylvania is required to collect valid signatures of 1,000 registered voters in the congressional district.  When evidence of fraud in some of Meehan's petitions was discovered by the Meehan campaign, Meehan alerted the Delaware County District Attorney. Michael Green, the District Attorney and Meehan supporter, turned over the matter to the office of the Pennsylvania Attorney General.  Because the Attorney General, Tom Corbett, is the Republican candidate for governor, Lentz requested that the United States Department of Justice take over the investigation. Paul Summers, a Republican campaign operative and volunteer, was charged with seven counts of forgery and seven counts of making false signatures. He was convicted on seven of the charges after pleading guilty as part of a plea-bargain deal.

Meehan defeated Democratic State Representative Bryan Lentz 55%–44%.

2012

Meehan won re-election to a second term with 60% of the vote over Democrat George Badey.

2014

Meehan won re-election in 2014, defeating Democrat Mary Ellen Balchunis with 62% of the vote.

2016

Meehan ran for re-election in 2016. He defeated Stan Casacio in the Republican primary. He defeated Democrat Mary Ellen Balchunis in the general election with 60% of the vote. The general election was held on November 8, 2016. As the election concluded, Meehan easily won another term with 219,314 votes, which was 59.7%. Meehan won all the counties in the 7th Congressional District that include Delaware, Montgomery, Chester, Berks, and Lancaster counties. This is Meehan's fourth term in the 7th Congressional District. This election was a rematch of the election between Meehan and Balchinis in 2014. The difference between this election and the one in 2014 is that this election occurred during a Presidential election year.

Meehan's 7th district had been considered the poster child for egregious gerrymandering and its shape compared to an alien character from the classic arcade game Space Invaders. In January 2018, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled the boundaries of the 7th and other Pennsylvania districts as unconstitutional.

On April 27, 2018, Meehan resigned from Congress amid sexual misconduct allegations.

Tenure
Meehan was sworn in on January 5, 2011. He was appointed to serve as one of  three freshman members on the House Republican Steering Committee and became one of the few House freshmen to chair a subcommittee. Meehan was ranked as the 35th most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress (and the second most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy.

Meehan supported reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act.

In February 2017, while serving on the Ways and Means Committee, he voted against a measure that would have led to a request of the Treasury Department for President Donald Trump's tax returns. The measure failed 23–15 on a party-line, with all 23 Republicans voting against the measure.

Committee assignments
 Committee on Homeland Security
 Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence
 Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies (Chairman)
 Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
 Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs
 Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform
 United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
 United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Aviation
 United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management
 United States House Committee on Ethics

Political positions

Economy
As far as fiscal policy, he voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011, Cut, Cap and Balance Act, and voted to defund NPR. Among bills that became law, he voted for the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act and to extend the Patriot Act.

Meehan has introduced the Jump Start for Job Creators Act, legislation that would encourage entrepreneurs to create jobs by increasing the maximum tax deduction for small business start-up expenses. Meehan has led the effort to preserve funding for the V-22 Osprey, an advanced military aircraft manufactured in Meehan's district.

In June, Meehan announced that six Chester County fire companies in Pennsylvania will receive $430,000 in federal grants to purchase new radios and rescue equipment.

In November 2015, Meehan's H.R. 1314, The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, was enacted into law, avoiding a government shutdown.

Healthcare
Meehan has voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Although he voted the bill out of Ways and Means Committee, Meehan opposed his own party and voted against the American Health Care Act of 2017, arguing that the bill's economic effects were insufficiently known and that the replacement did not adequately fund insurance for sick people.

Homeland security
On November 14, 2013, Meehan introduced the Preclearance Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 3488; 113th Congress), a bill that would authorize the United States Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) to establish preclearance facilities, conduct preclearance operations, or provide customs services outside of the United States of America to prevent terrorists, terrorist instruments, and other national security threats from gaining access to the United States.

On February 6, 2014, Meehan introduced the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Program Authorization and Accountability Act of 2014 (H.R. 4007; 113th Congress), a bill that would make permanent the United States Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) authority to regulate security at certain chemical facilities in the United States. Under the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) program, DHS collects and reviews information from chemical facilities in the United States to determine which facilities present security risks and then requires them to write and enact security plans.

As a member of the House Committee on Homeland Security, Meehan chairs the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence. Meehan has held hearings to investigate issues such as Iran's ties to terrorism and the risks posed by extremists in Pakistan.

Other
Meehan introduced legislation, titled the 'Critical Infrastructure Research and Development Advancement Act of 2013' (CIRDA), that passed the subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection and Security Technologies in 2013. The bill aims to make key improvements in security for important infrastructure. The measure calls for expansion in research and development for security technology as well as implementing a new strategy in dealing with cyber threats that the Department of Homeland Security faces. This bill would also streamline sharing of these technologies to many other branches of government, thus making them more secure as a whole.

In 2013, Meehan introduced a bill called the Critical Infrastructure Research and Development Advancement Act of 2013 (H.R. 2952; 113th Congress). If signed into law, the bill would require more oversight of the Department of Homeland Security's cybersecurity goals, according to Ripon Advance. The bill would require DHS to transmit to the Congress a strategic plan for research and development efforts addressing the protection of critical infrastructure and a report on departmental use of public-private consortiums to develop technology to protect such infrastructure. On January 16, 2014, the United States House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies passed the bill, and in February the full Homeland Security Committee approved the bill. On July 28, 2014, the House voted to pass the bill in a voice vote.

Sexual harassment settlement
The New York Times revealed in January 2018 that Meehan used taxpayers' money to settle a sexual harassment claim brought by a female staff member.  After the alleged victim rejected his advances, Meehan allegedly grew hostile. The staff member began remote work to avoid Meehan's advances and ultimately left the job. Following the report, Meehan denied the allegations against him. He was removed from the U.S. House Ethics Committee.

A few days later in an interview with the Philadelphia Inquirer, Meehan denied harassment and said he was not sexually interested in the staffer, though explained she was his "soul mate" and he had reacted poorly to learning she had a new boyfriend. Another two days later, on January 25, 2018, Meehan announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.  He said he would repay the taxpayer money if the Ethics Committee determines he committed sexual harassment.  He also responded regarding his prior use of the term "soul mate". On April 27, 2018, he abruptly resigned, saying that his intent is to repay the $39,000 settlement funds within 30 days of his resignation because "I did not want to leave with any question of violating the trust of taxpayers."

Post-political career
Following his resignation from Congress, Meehan worked as a consultant, forming the firm Harvey Run Strategies, and registered as a lobbyist.

Personal life
Meehan, his wife Carolyn and their three sons live in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, – in Chadds Ford as of 2017 and formerly Drexel Hill.

References

External links

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1955 births
21st-century American politicians
American prosecutors
Bowdoin College alumni
Chestnut Hill Academy alumni
County district attorneys in Pennsylvania
Living people
People from Cheltenham, Pennsylvania
People from Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Temple University Beasley School of Law alumni
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Members of Congress who became lobbyists


Jabrun-du-Sud is a settlement in Guadeloupe, on the island of Grande-Terre. Quatre Chemins and Boisripeau are to its west, and Jabrun is to the east.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Quatre Chemins is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Les Abymes, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the west of Malignon, Jabrun-du-Sud, and Chazeau.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


To be distinguished from Chazeau, Loire a commune in France merged with Firminy in 1959.
Chazeau is a settlement in Guadeloupe, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the east of Quatre Chemins and Boisripeau.

References

Populated places in Guadeloupe


"Time to Make You Mine" is a song recorded by British singer, songwriter and actress Lisa Stansfield for her second album, Real Love (1991). It was written by her with Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the third single from the album in Europe on 2 March 1992 and in Japan on 3 June 1992. It also included "All Around the World" recorded as a duet with Barry White. All artist royalties from this single were donated to the charity Trading Places. "Time to Make You Mine" was remixed by Masters at Work (Little Louie Vega and Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez), Martin Glover and The Orb. The John Lindauer-directed music video was also released. The song reached number fourteen in the United Kingdom.

Chart performance
Not commercially as successful as the first two singles from Real Love, "Time to Make You Mine" still made an impact on the charts in Europe. The song entered the top 20 in the UK, peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart on 5 April 1992, in its fifth week on the chart. Having debuted as number 31, it then climbed to number 21, 17 and 16, before peaking at number 14. And on the UK Dance Singles Chart, it reached number 23. Additionally, the song was a top 40 hit in both Spain (31) and Switzerland (33), as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100, reaching number 37 in April same year. And it did also chart in Belgium, where it peaked at number 47 in on the Flemish Ultratop 50. Outside Europe, "Time to Make You Mine" charted in Australia, reaching number 114.

Critical reception
An editor from Billboard stated that Stansfield "has a field day with meatier songs", like "Time to Make You Mine". Steve Morse from The Boston Globe noted that "her extraordinary elastic voice pledges her love", describing it as "erotic". DeVaney and Clark from Cashbox declared it as a "sexy, make-love" song. Rufer & Fell from the Gavin Report described it as "an intimate performance of a song about an obsession for possession. A cool track." A reviewer from Liverpool Echo remarked that the singer "gets slow and soulful with a passionate vocal that sounds as if she's learned a few lessons in romancing from her hero Barry White." Scott Sterling from The Michigan Daily declared it as a "dreamy" song, adding that it "showcases Stansfield's gorgeous voice at its best. Mixed right up front, it sounds like she's whispering her proclamations of love inches from your ear." Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote that "it tastes like candy again, most of all the softly-spoken intermezzo. Dictionaries all around the world should replace the word "sensual" with "Stansfield"."

Alan Jones from Music Week named it Pick of the Week, and felt that here, the singer "demonstrates her most intimate vocal yet with a breathy and pent up slice of superior soul guaranteed to maintain her hot streak." Parry Gettelman from Orlando Sentinel complimented the song as "wonderful". James Hamilton from the RM Dance Update viewed it as "another quality Stansfield/Devaney/Morris creation" and a "breathily seductive groin grinding smoocher". Tom Doyle from Smash Hits gave it three out of five, noting that Stansfield "tangles her tonsils around a breathy, seductive Prince-type tune, in which she promises to 'caress your hips'." Sun-Sentinel declared it as "a song many women have lived". Mike Joyce from The Washington Post felt that "Stansfield can at least be counted on to invest them with plenty of power and melismatic panache, making "Time to Make You Mine" and a few other R&B updates sure-fire radio fare."

Remixes
On 21 June 1992, Arista Records released in Japan a special CD maxi single "Real Woman Hip Selection" which included remixes and B-sides form the Real Love era. Arista used the same single cover art as for the "Time to Make You Mine" single. In 2003, "Time to Make You Mine" was included on Biography: The Greatest Hits. In 2014, the remixes of "Time to Make You Mine" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Real Love and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology (also on The Collection 1989–2003), including the previously unreleased Bomb Squad Remix by The Bomb Squad and Sunship Mix by Ceri Evans formerly of the Brand New Heavies. Both remixes were created for the US release of "Time to Make You Mine". However, this single release plan was abandoned, as Stansfield recorded her new song for The Bodyguard, "Someday (I'm Coming Back)".

Track listings

 European 7" single / Japanese CD single
"Time to Make You Mine" (Edit) – 4:11
"All Around the World" (Duet with Barry White) – 4:34

 European CD single
"Time to Make You Mine" (Edit) – 4:11
"Time to Make You Mine" (Sugar Lips Mix) – 5:40
"Time to Make You Mine" (Push & Slide Mix) – 5:17
"All Around the World" (Duet with Barry White) – 4:34

 European 12" single
"Time to Make You Mine" (Sugar Lips Mix) – 5:40
"Time to Make You Mine" (House Dub) – 4:45
"Time to Make You Mine" (Edit) – 4:11
"All Around the World" (Duet with Barry White) – 4:34

 UK 12" single
"Time to Make You Mine" (Sugar Lips Mix) – 6:43
"Time to Make You Mine" (Push & Slide Mix) – 6:31
"Time to Make You Mine" (House Dub) – 4:45
"Time to Make You Mine" (In My Dreams Mix) – 9:13
"Time to Make You Mine" (Kenlou Supa Mix) – 6:30
"Time to Make You Mine" (Jeep Version) – 5:37

 Japanese "Real Woman Hip Selection" CD single
"Change" (Knuckles Mix) – 6:29
"Everything Will Get Better" (Extended Mix) – 8:03
"All Around the World" (Duet with Barry White) – 4:34
"All Woman" (Edit) – 4:49
"Time to Make You Mine" (Push & Slide Mix) – 6:31
"Change" (Driza Bone Mix) – 6:11

 Other remixes
"Time to Make You Mine" (Bomb Squad Remix) – 5:12
"Time to Make You Mine" (Sunship Mix) – 6:00

Charts

References

Lisa Stansfield songs
1992 singles
Songs written by Lisa Stansfield
1991 songs
Arista Records singles
Songs written by Ian Devaney
Songs written by Andy Morris (musician)


Boisripeau is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Les Abymes, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Chazeau, Jabrun-du-Sud, and Malignon are to its east.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


William Thomas Mulloy Jr. (May 3, 1917 – March 25, 1978) was an American anthropologist. While his early research established him as a formidable scholar and skillful fieldwork supervisor in the province of North American Plains archaeology, he is best known for his studies of Polynesian prehistory, especially his investigations into the production, transportation and erection of the monumental statuary on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) known as moai.

Early life and education

Mulloy was born May 3, 1917, in Salt Lake City, Utah, the only son of William Thomas Mulloy Sr., a conductor on the Union Pacific Railroad, and Barbara Seinsoth Mulloy. His older sister, Mary Grace Mulloy Strauch, recognized and encouraged his early interest in archaeology. On the occasions of his childhood visits to her home in Mesa, Arizona, she would drive him to the town dump where he spent days at a time conducting his own stratification studies and enthusiastically reporting his results to her family at suppertime.

Mulloy earned a BA in anthropology from the University of Utah, where he had distinguished himself both in the classroom and on the wrestling team. From 1938 to 1939, he worked for the Louisiana State Archaeological Survey as a field archaeologist. In the Louisiana bayou, he contracted malaria. From Louisiana, Mulloy went to Illinois where he began graduate studies at the University of Chicago, then one of the world's foremost graduate schools of Anthropology and Archaeology. In the summer of 1940, Mulloy supervised archaeological fieldwork at Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. There, among the field crew, he met his future wife, Emily Ross, an archaeology major at the University of New Mexico.

His graduate studies were interrupted when, shortly after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Mulloy enlisted in the US Army. At Camp Roberts, California, he served first in the  Field Artillery Instrument and Survey School. Recognizing his talent and intelligence, the Army sent him to Officer Candidate School in North Dakota. In 1943, Mulloy received his commission in the Counter Intelligence Corps. An outstanding linguist, Mulloy first learned Japanese and then became a Japanese language instructor in order to prepare US military officers for the invasion and occupation of Japan. As a reserve officer, Mulloy advanced to the rank of major.

After World War II ended, Mulloy returned to graduate studies in Chicago with his wife, Emily, and their infant daughter Kathy, who was born in 1945. As a graduate student, he worked in the steel mills, in the railroad yards and as janitor in an apartment building in South Chicago. After earning an MA from the University of Chicago in 1948, Mulloy accepted a teaching position in what was then the Department of Anthropology, Sociology and Economics at the University of Wyoming and moved his family to Laramie, where both his son, Patrick, and his second daughter, Brigid, were born.

Five years after joining the faculty in Wyoming, Mulloy returned to Chicago and successfully defended his doctoral dissertation, A Preliminary Historical Outline for the Northwest Plains, still a standard work in the field of North American Plains Indian society. The University of Chicago granted him a PhD in 1953.

University of Wyoming
Even as a junior faculty member of the University of Wyoming, Mulloy distinguished himself as a teacher. George Carr Frison, once a professor of anthropology, recalled that when he came to UW in 1962 as a 37-year-old freshman, except for an occasional visiting lecturer, Mulloy taught all of the courses offered by the university in anthropology.

Apart from Professor Frison, Mulloy's former students at the University of Wyoming include former US Senator from Wyoming, Alan K. Simpson; Charles Love, a geologist on the faculty of Western Wyoming College and a researcher in Rapa Nui Geology and Archaeology;  Dr. Dennis J. Stanford, Chair of the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC; and Sergio Rapu Haoa, former director of the anthropological museum on Rapa Nui and the island's first native governor.

During his three-decade academic career in Laramie, Mulloy perennially received the recognition of his students and faculty colleagues. His engaging classroom presence brought him such honors as the Omicron Delta Kappa Award for outstanding teaching. The Wyoming Archaeological Society established the William Mulloy Scholarship in his honor in 1960. In 1964, he was the recipient of the George Duke Humphrey Distinguished Faculty Award. In 1976, the University of Wyoming awarded him its highest distinction, the LLD degree, honoris causa.

In 1968, Mulloy established the Wyoming Anthropological Museum and served as its curator until his death. His personal collection of modern Rapa Nui folk art now forms part of the University of Wyoming Art Museum.

Plains archaeology

Mulloy undertook extensive research projects in North American Plains Indian and Southwestern Indian archaeology. He investigated sites in New Mexico, Wyoming, and Montana. His monographs on the Hagen Site in Glendive, Montana and the McKean site in Crook County, Wyoming are still widely consulted.

Early in his career, Mulloy analyzed and interpreted the data collected at a prehistoric campsite near Red Lodge, Montana by parties from the Montana Archaeological Survey during their field work in 1937 and 1938. He replaced H. Melville Sayre as the director of a WPA project at Pictograph Cave (Billings, Montana) from October, 1940, until February, 1942.

From 1951 through 1954, Mulloy supervised the investigation of an 8000-year-old bison kill site near Laramie. Named for James Allen of Cody, Wyoming, who brought the location to Mulloy’s attention in 1949, the site yielded a class of long, parallel-sided, unstemmed, concave-based projectile points used by paleo-Indians to hunt Bison occidentalis during the Pleistocene era. Mulloy designated the extraordinarily skillful example of oblique parallel flaking an Allen point.

In 1955, Mulloy and Dr. H. Marie Wormington, then Director of the Colorado Museum of Natural History and long acknowledged doyenne of North American Plains Archaeology, served as co-directors of archaeological survey work in Alberta, Canada conducted under the auspices of the Glenbow Museum Foundation.

Rapa Nui archaeology

In 1955, following his famous Kon-Tiki Expedition (1947), the Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl assembled a team of specialists to conduct archaeological research at various sites throughout Eastern Polynesia. Acting on the recommendation of Dr. H. Marie Wormington, Heyerdahl invited Mulloy to participate in the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition (1955–56). In Panama, Mulloy joined Arne Skjølsvold, of the University of Oslo, Carlyle S. Smith, of the University of Kansas, Edwin N. Ferdon, Jr., of the Arizona State Museum at the University of Arizona, and Gonzalo Figueroa García-Huidobro of the University of Chile aboard the Christian Bjelland, a chartered Norwegian ship. Apart from Rapa Nui, the team of archaeologists visited Rapa Iti, Tubuai, and Ra'ivavae in the Austral Islands, as well as Hiva 'Oa and Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands during their ten-month tour. Together with his colleagues, Mulloy began preliminary investigations of the little-known archaeological sites of Rapa Nui. The international research staff that Heyerdahl brought together subsequently published the results of their investigations in Volume I of Archaeology of Easter Island (1961).

Shortly after his initial survey of Rapa Nui, Mulloy recognized the tremendously rich archaeological character of the island, its significance for understanding Oceanic prehistory and its potential to become an outstanding open-air museum of Polynesian culture. From 1955 to his untimely death in 1978, Mulloy would make more than twenty trips to Rapa Nui.

Upon his arrival on Rapa Nui in 1955, Mulloy met Father Sebastian Englert, OFM Cap., a Roman Catholic priest from Bavaria, for whose understanding of Rapa Nui culture and prehistory he developed the deepest respect. During the period of his missionary service on Rapa Nui, Father Sebastian compiled systematic field notes in the island's archaeology, ethnology and language, which he shared with Mulloy, who found them an important source of original research regarding all aspects of Rapa Nui culture. Mulloy later edited and translated a series of radio-broadcast lectures on Rapa Nui ethnology and prehistory that Padre Sebastián had originally prepared for Chilean naval personnel stationed in Antarctica. With Mulloy's support, the Englert lectures were published in the United States under the title Island at the Center of the World.

Mulloy's Rapa Nui projects include the investigation of the Akivi-Vaiteka Complex and the physical restoration of Ahu Akivi (1960); the investigation and restoration of Ahu Ko Te Riku and Ahu Vai Uri and the Tahai Ceremonial Complex (1970); the investigation and restoration of two ahu at Hanga Kio'e (1972); the investigation and restoration of the ceremonial village at Orongo (1974) and numerous other archaeological surveys throughout the island. In particular, Mulloy's restoration projects on the island earned him the great respect of Rapa Nui islanders, many of whom collaborated with him at multiple venues. Among his chief collaborators were Juan Edmunds Rapahango, Martín Rapu Pua and Germán Hotu Teave, whose daughter, Melania Carolina Hotu Hey, is a former Provincial Governor of Rapa Nui.

In 1978, in recognition of his distinguished and unselfish work on behalf of the Rapa Nui community, Mulloy was named Illustrious Citizen of Easter Island, by then mayor Juan Edmunds Rapahango. Earlier that year, the Chilean government had bestowed upon him their highest civilian honor, the Orden de Don Bernardo O'Higgins.

Legacy

Mulloy died of lung cancer in Laramie, Wyoming, on March 25, 1978. His remains were interred on Rapa Nui in full view of the Tahai Ceremonial Complex, one of his more important restoration projects. His widow, Emily Ross Mulloy, his son Patrick, his daughter Brigid and his grandson Phineas Kelly were present. Colleagues and friends joined the Rapa Nui community in paying their respects to the man whose work had brought their island to the attention of the world.

The Mulloy monument at Tahai bears inscriptions in three languages: Rapa Nui, English and Spanish. In Rapa Nui, the epitaph reads: Hai hāpī, hai haka tutu‘u i te ‘ariŋa ora, to‘ona here rahi mo Rapa Nui i haka tikea mai ai (By studying and raising up the living faces (moai), he showed us his great love for Rapa Nui). The commemoration in English states: "By restoring the past of his beloved island he also changed its future." Finally, the Spanish tribute says: Grande fue - como sus obras - su amor y entrega a Rapa Nui (As his works were great, so too was his love and sacrifice for Rapa Nui).

The Mulloy restoration projects at Ahu Akivi, the ceremonial village of Orongo, Vinapu, Ahu Ko Te Riku, Ahu Vai Ure and the rest of the ceremonial center at Tahai now constitute an integral part of the Rapa Nui National Park, designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage site.

Following his death, in May 1978, the Trustees of the University of Wyoming named him Distinguished Professor of Anthropology. In 1997, the Department of Anthropology at the University of Wyoming established the annual Mulloy Lecture Series in recognition of Mulloy's "four-field" approach, which integrated archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology and linguistic anthropology into a unified program at UW. In 2003, twenty-five years after his death, the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Wyoming named him to their roster of Outstanding Former Faculty.

Mulloy's Rapa Nui protégé, Sergio Rapu Haoa, completed a BA degree in anthropology at the University of Wyoming and went on to graduate studies at the University of Hawai'i. Upon his return to the Rapa Nui, Rapu directed the island's archaeology museum and conducted his own research and restoration projects, notably at Ahu Nau Nau in the Anakena district of the island. Rapu would later become the island's first Rapa Nui governor.

Mulloy's personal library forms the core of a research collection now located on Rapa Nui at the Father Sebastian Englert Anthropological Museum. For many years, the William Mulloy Library had been maintained in Viña del Mar, Chile by the Easter Island Foundation, who supported it, added to its collection and planned its eventual transfer to the island.

Emily Ross Mulloy, who died in 2003 at her home at 'Ualapu'e on Moloka'i in Hawai'i, is now buried with her husband at Tahai. The Mulloys have three children, Kathy, Patrick and Brigid; three grandchildren, Francisco Nahoe, Josefina Nahoe and Phineas Kelly; and three great-grandchildren, Rowan Kelly and Liam Kelly, and Mahine Edmunds Nahoe. Two of the Mulloy grandchildren, Francisco and Josefina, are ethnic Rapa Nui through their father, Guillermo Nahoe Pate.

Selected bibliography

 Mulloy, W.T. 1943 A Prehistoric Campsite Near Red Lodge, Montana. American Antiquity 9:170-179.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1953. A Preliminary Historical Outline for the Northwestern Plains. Chicago: Ill. University of Chicago.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1954. The Ash Coulee Site. American Antiquity 25:112-116.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1954. The McKean Site in Northeastern Wyoming. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10:432-460.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1959. The Ceremonial Center of Vinapu. Actas del XXXIII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. San José, Costa Rica.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1968. Preliminary Report of Archaeological Field Work, February–July, 1968, Easter Island. New York, N.Y.: Easter Island Committee, International Fund for Monuments.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1970. Preliminary Report of the Restoration of Ahu Vai Uri Easter Island. Bulletin of the International Fund for Monuments, No. 2.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1974. Contemplate the Navel of the World. Americas 26 (4): 25-33.
 Mulloy, W.T. 1975. Investigation and Restoration of the Ceremonial Center of Orongo, Easter Island. Bulletin of the International Fund for Monuments, No. 4.
 Mulloy, W.T., E.C. Olson, R. Snodgrasse, and H.H. Turney-High. 1976. The Hagen Site: A Prehistoric Village on the Lower Yellowstone. Lincoln, Neb.: J & L Reprint Co.
 Mulloy, W.T., and G. Figueroa. 1978. The A Kivi-Vai Teka Complex and its Relationship to Easter Island Architectural Prehistory. Honolulu: Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
 Mulloy, W.T., and S.R. Fischer. 1993. Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
 Mulloy, W.T., World Monuments Fund, and Easter Island Foundation. 1995. The Easter Island Bulletins of William Mulloy. New York; Houston: World Monuments Fund; Easter Island Foundation.
 Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific, T. Heyerdahl, E.N. Ferdon, W.T. Mulloy, A. Skjølsvold, C.S. Smith. 1961. Archaeology of Easter Island. Stockholm; Santa Fe, N.M.: Forum Pub. House; distributed by The School of American Research.
 Reiter, P., W.T. Mulloy, and E.H. Blumenthal. 1940. Preliminary Report of the Jemez Excavation at Nanishagi, New Mexico. Albuquerque, N.M., University of New Mexico Press.

References

Englert, S. 1970. Island at the Center of the World: New Light on Easter Island. Trans. and ed. William Mulloy. New York: Scribner.
Fischer, S.R. 2005. Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island. London: Reaktion.
Fischer, S.R. 2002. A History of the Pacific Islands. Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave.
Heyerdahl, T. 1989. Easter Island: The Mystery Solved. London: Souvenir.
Heyerdahl, T. 1976. The Art of Easter Island. London: Allen & Unwin.
Heyerdahl, T. 1960. Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island. New York: Pocket Books.
Heyerdahl, T. and Ferndon, E. 1961. Archaeology of Easter Island. Reports on the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific, Volume 1. Monographs of the School of American Research and the Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, No. 24, Pt. 1
Mulloy, E. R. and S. Rapu Haoa. 1977. "Possession, Dependence, and Responsibility in the Rapa Nui Language." Journal of the Polynesian Society 86:7-26.
Picker, F., and T. Heyerdahl. 1974. Rapa Nui. New York: Paddington Press.
Routledge, K.P. 1919. The Mystery of Easter Island: the Story of an Expedition. London, Aylesbury, Printed for the author by Hazell, Watson and Viney.
Wormington, H.M. 1979. Obituary: William Thomas Mulloy, 1917–1978, American Antiquity (44:3) July 513-516.

External links
 William Mulloy Library
 Father Sebastian Englert Anthropology Museum
 Easter Island Foundation
 Rapa Nui Fact Sheet with Photographs
 Rapa Nui Photo Gallery
 The Statues and Rock Art of Rapa Nui
 University of Wyoming Outstanding Former Faculty
 Wyoming Anthropological Museum
 University of Wyoming
 McKean Archaeological Site
 Hagen Archaeological Site

1917 births
1978 deaths
Archaeology in Oceania
Archaeology of Easter Island
Writers from Salt Lake City
Deaths from lung cancer
Easter Island people
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
University of Utah alumni
University of Chicago alumni
20th-century American archaeologists
Researchers in Rapa Nui archaeology


Northumberland Park is a ward in the Tottenham area of London Borough of Haringey, in Greater London, England. It is largely residential, consisting of houses and flats.  It is the location of Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, the home ground of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. The ward is represented by three Labour councillors. It is named after the Northumberland family who originally owned the land, the family included Harry Hotspur, who Tottenham Hotspur Football Club are named after.

Description

Northumberland Park, the ward, and Northumberland Park the estate are at the north-east of Tottenham, and at the extreme north-east of Haringey.  Within Haringey, it borders White Hart Lane to the east. and Bruce Grove to the southeast and Tottenham Hale to the south. It also borders Edmonton in Enfield to its north and Lea Valley to the east.

It includes a number of major housing estates – Northumberland Park estate, Stellar House, Altair Close and The Lindales.

Demographics
As of 2018, the ward has a population of 16,641, a high proportion of which are from ethnic backgrounds. Those of Black ethnicity form the largest ethnic grouping in the ward, representing 40.3% of the population, while those classified as White British form 16.6% of the population, proportionally the highest and lowest in Haringey respectively. 50.8% of the population identify themselves as Christian and 24.2% Muslim, the largest proportion of Muslims of all wards in Haringey. 13.2% profess no religion.

The ward is the most deprived in Haringey, and one of the most deprived in London. Nationally, it was ranked among the 2–3% most deprived of all wards in 2015. The median household income in Northumberland Park is the lowest in Haringey, substantially below the average of London. It also has a substantially higher level of unemployment (16.3% in 2018) than the averages of Haringey and London.

Redevelopment plans

The Northumberland Development Project is a major project that centers on the construction of the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium but also include hotels, residential units, and retail spaces. It is intended to be the catalyst for a 20-year regeneration program for Tottenham planned by the Haringey Council. Among the projects planned is the High Road West regeneration scheme which aims to redevelop the area between the stadium and White Hart Lane station. The White Hart Lane Station will be rebuilt, while the Northumberland Park railway station is being reconstructed with significant improvements for services planned.

The area has been included in the Tottenham Area Action Plan a controversial program to improve the standard of housing and employment, while maximising the use of the land asset. This acts as a politically approved framework for development by the Haringey Development Vehicle a joint venture company  50/50 owned by London Borough of Haringey and Lendlease. The setting up of this organisation, approved by the Haringey Cabinet was opposed by 20 of the Labour councillors in the 49 member council.

Transport
There are various transportation links including White Hart Lane railway station and Northumberland Park railway station and Northumberland Park bus stand, which is served by routes W3, 476 and 341.

It is also the location of the London Underground's Victoria line depot.

Commerce

There are also a number of shops located at the end nearest to Tottenham High Road. There is one pub currently open along Northumberland Park road, 'The Bill Nicholson', formerly known as 'The Northumberland Arms', colloquially known as "The Billy Nick" after the Tottenham Hotspur manager Bill Nicholson and is frequented by Spurs fans on match days.

References

External links

Districts of the London Borough of Haringey
Housing estates in London
Areas of London
Tottenham
Wards of the London Borough of Haringey


Malignon is a settlement in Guadeloupe, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Quatre Chemins and Boisripeau are to the west; Jabrun is to the east.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Jabrun is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Morne-à-l'Eau, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Chazeau, Malignon, and Jabrun-du-Sud are to the west.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


In statistical modeling (especially process modeling), polynomial functions and rational functions are sometimes used as an empirical technique for curve fitting.

Polynomial function models

A polynomial function is one that has the form

where n is a non-negative integer that defines the degree of the polynomial. A polynomial with a degree of 0 is simply a constant function; with a degree of 1 is a line; with a degree of 2 is a quadratic; with a degree of 3 is a cubic, and so on.

Historically, polynomial models are among the most frequently used empirical models for curve fitting.

Advantages
These models are popular for the following reasons.
Polynomial models have a simple form.
Polynomial models have well known and understood properties.
Polynomial models have moderate flexibility of shapes.
Polynomial models are a closed family. Changes of location and scale in the raw data result in a polynomial model being mapped to a polynomial model. That is, polynomial models are not dependent on the underlying metric.
Polynomial models are computationally easy to use.

Disadvantages
However, polynomial models also have the following limitations.
Polynomial models have poor interpolatory properties. High-degree polynomials are notorious for oscillations between exact-fit values.
Polynomial models have poor extrapolatory properties. Polynomials may provide good fits within the range of data, but they will frequently deteriorate rapidly outside the range of the data.
Polynomial models have poor asymptotic properties. By their nature, polynomials have a finite response for finite x values and have an infinite response if and only if the x value is infinite. Thus polynomials may not model asymptotic phenomena very well.
While no procedure is immune to the bias-variance tradeoff, polynomial models exhibit a particularly poor tradeoff between shape and degree. In order to model data with a complicated structure, the degree of the model must be high, indicating that the associated number of parameters to be estimated will also be high. This can result in highly unstable models.

When modeling via polynomial functions is inadequate due to any of the limitations above, the use of rational functions for modeling may give a better fit.

Rational function models
A rational function is simply the ratio of two polynomial functions.

with n denoting a non-negative integer that defines the degree of the numerator and m denoting a non-negative integer that defines the degree of the denominator. For fitting rational function models, the constant term in the denominator is usually set to 1. Rational functions are typically identified by the degrees of the numerator and denominator. For example, a quadratic for the numerator and a cubic for the denominator is identified as a quadratic/cubic rational function. The rational function model is a generalization of the polynomial model: rational function models contain polynomial models as a subset (i.e., the case when the denominator is a constant).

Advantages
Rational function models have the following advantages:
Rational function models have a moderately simple form.
Rational function models are a closed family. As with polynomial models, this means that rational function models are not dependent on the underlying metric.
Rational function models can take on an extremely wide range of shapes, accommodating a much wider range of shapes than does the polynomial family.
Rational function models have better interpolatory properties than polynomial models. Rational functions are typically smoother and less oscillatory than polynomial models.
Rational functions have excellent extrapolatory powers. Rational functions can typically be tailored to model the function not only within the domain of the data, but also so as to be in agreement with theoretical/asymptotic behavior outside the domain of interest.
Rational function models have excellent asymptotic properties. Rational functions can be either finite or infinite for finite values, or finite or infinite for infinite x values. Thus, rational functions can easily be incorporated into a rational function model.
Rational function models can often be used to model complicated structure with a fairly low degree in both the numerator and denominator. This in turn means that fewer coefficients will be required compared to the polynomial model.
Rational function models are moderately easy to handle computationally. Although they are nonlinear models, rational function models are particularly easy nonlinear models to fit.
One common difficulty in fitting nonlinear models is finding adequate starting values. A major advantage of rational function models is the ability to compute starting values using a linear least squares fit. To do this, p points are chosen from the data set, with p denoting the number of parameters in the rational model. For example, given the linear/quadratic model

one would need to select four representative points, and perform a linear fit on the model

which is derived from the previous equation by clearing the denominator. Here, the x and y contain the subset of points, not the full data set. The estimated coefficients from this linear fit are used as the starting values for fitting the nonlinear model to the full data set.

This type of fit, with the response variable appearing on both sides of the function, should only be used to obtain starting values for the nonlinear fit. The statistical properties of fits like this are not well understood.

The subset of points should be selected over the range of the data. It is not critical which points are selected, although obvious outliers should be avoided.

Disadvantages
Rational function models have the following disadvantages:
The properties of the rational function family are not as well known to engineers and scientists as are those of the polynomial family. The literature on the rational function family is also more limited. Because the properties of the family are often not well understood, it can be difficult to answer the following modeling question: Given that data has a certain shape, what values should be chosen for the degree of the numerator and the degree on the denominator?
Unconstrained rational function fitting can, at times, result in undesired vertical asymptotes due to roots in the denominator polynomial. The range of x values affected by the function "blowing up" may be quite narrow, but such asymptotes, when they occur, are a nuisance for local interpolation in the neighborhood of the asymptote point. These asymptotes are easy to detect by a simple plot of the fitted function over the range of the data. These nuisance asymptotes occur occasionally and unpredictably, but practitioners argue that the gain in flexibility of shapes is well worth the chance that they may occur, and that such asymptotes should not discourage choosing rational function models for empirical modeling.

See also
 Response surface methodology
 Pade Approximant

Bibliography

 Box, G. E. P. and Draper, Norman. 2007. Response Surfaces, Mixtures, and Ridge Analyses, Second Edition [of Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces, 1987], Wiley.

 R. H. Hardin and N. J. A. Sloane, "A New Approach to the Construction of Optimal Designs", Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, vol. 37, 1993, pp. 339-369
 R. H. Hardin and N. J. A. Sloane, "Computer-Generated Minimal (and Larger) Response Surface Designs: (I) The Sphere"
 R. H. Hardin and N. J. A. Sloane, "Computer-Generated Minimal (and Larger) Response Surface Designs: (II) The Cube"

  (Modeling with rational functions)

Historical

External links
Rational Function Models

Regression models
Interpolation
Statistical ratios


La Goguette is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Port-Louis, on the island of Grande-Terre.  To its north are Anse-Bertrand and Mahaudiere.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


The Spurling test is a medical maneuver used to assess nerve root pain (also known as radicular pain).  The patient rotates their head to the affected side and extends their neck, while the examiners applies downward pressure to the top of the patient's head. A positive Spurling's sign is when the pain arising in the neck radiates in the direction of the corresponding dermatome ipsilaterally. It is a type of cervical compression test.

Patients with a positive Spurling's sign can present with a variety of symptoms, including pain, numbness and weakness. In addition to the clinical history, the neurological examination may show signs suggesting a cervical radiculopathy.

Indications
The Spurling test is used during a spinal or neck examination to aid in the diagnosis and assessment of cervical radiculopathy. It should be used to assess patients with radicular symptoms. The results of this test can guide a clinician when considering further imaging and necessary steps needed to make a proper diagnosis.

However, caution should be used when assessing patients with acute cervical injuries, critically ill patients, and those with other neoplastic or infectious processes. Cervical instability is also a reason to avoid performing this medical maneuver.

Accuracy
Spurling's test is somewhat specific when used for individuals with an abnormal electromyogram study and is a relatively sensitive physical examination maneuver in diagnosing cervical spondylosis or acute cervical radiculopathy. It is not a very sensitive test when used for individuals without classic radicular signs suggestive of cervical radiculopathy.  In 2011, one study evaluated 257 patients with clinical cervical radiculopathy and correlated CT scan findings with clinical exam findings using the Spurling's test. The Spurling's test was 95% sensitive and 94% specific for diagnosing nerve root pathology.

In another study done in the late 1900s, 255 patients were examined using a Spurling test and afterwards received an electrodiagnostic examination. The study results showed the Spurling test was 30% sensitive, and 93% specific for finding cervical radiculopathy diagnosed by electrodiagnostic examination. The conclusions drawn from this study demonstrate clinical utility of the Spurling test to confirm cervical radiculopathy rather than for screening purposes. Overall, there continues to be limited data on the specificity and sensitivity of the Spurling test.

References

Physical examination
Orthopedics


Mahaudiere is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the north of La Goguette and to the west of Pressec and La Berthaudiere.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie, née Lillie (1695–1745), was a Swedish countess, notable for her salon and political activity. She was a known political figure during the party strife of the age of liberty, and used her influence in favor of the Hats Party and its ally, France. She was the grandmother of Count Axel von Fersen the Younger.

Early life
Hedvig Catharina was born to Count Axel Johan Lillie (alternative spelling Lilje or Lillje) and Agneta Wrede. In 1709, she married count Magnus Julius De la Gardie. The marriage was arranged by her mother. Her family had suffered from economic problems due to the Great Reversion of Charles XI of Sweden in the 1680s, and the marriage with Hedvig Catharina, who was from a very wealthy family, saved her spouse from ruin. She had six children, among them being the famous scientist Eva Ekeblad. Her son married Cathérine Charlotte De la Gardie, and through her youngest daughter Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie she became the grandmother of Axel von Fersen the Younger.

Her spouse was a leading member of the Hats Party, which is said to have been founded in his salon. He is said to have introduced the political salon in Sweden in his home, where she acted as his hostess.  Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie has been described as an intelligent beauty, and soon became a sympathizer and leading member of the Hats Party in her own right.

She also had an cultural impact. Her salon was the center of the noble amateur theatre, which flourished in Stockholm in the 1720s- and 1730s and is estimated to have played a part in the establishment of the first Swedish language professional theater at Bollhuset in 1737. Her daughter Brita Sophia was the female lead of the theatrical society Grev De la Gardies Comoedianter (Count De la Gardie's Comedians), and when the first Swedish national theater was founded in 1737, two of the first female actors there were recruited from among the servants of the De la Gardie household.

Political activity
During the Swedish age of liberty, when absolute monarchy had been abolished in favor of a parliamentary system after the Great Northern War, it was noted that women participated in the political debate and party strife, promoting their opinions in public in a different way than had previously been the case, examples being Hedvig Mörner, Magdalena Elisabeth Rahm and Henrika Juliana von Liewen, and it was even said that women were the true leaders of the political parties. Foreign powers participated in political life through their ambassadors by recruiting agents to forward their agenda and supporting party factions with subsidies. France was particularly active early on through its ambassador in Stockholm, Charles Louis de Biaudos de Casteja, who was known to recognize the value of female agents and recruited several during his tenure in Sweden, among them Margareta Gyllenstierna (spouse of Arvid Horn), and Charlotta von Liewen.

Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie became one of the most known of these female figures in the political life of the early age of liberty. During the 1730s, she was a well-known public figure, her salon being a center of the Hats Party, and she wore ribbons signalling her political sympathies. In 1731, she, along with Eleonora Lindhielm (spouse of the Hat party member Daniel Niklas von Höpken), participated in the campaign to persuade Hedvig Taube to agree to become the king's mistress: their task was to convince Taube's mother to agree, which they apparently succeeded in doing.    Taube became an effective method of the Hats to apply pressure to the king.  In 1734, when Hedvig Taube was made an official royal mistress and her relationship became public, De la Gardie supported her during the initial social ostracism of Taube: visited her and invited her to visit.

The new public participation of women in politics through political salons, which were a new invention in Sweden imported from France, was criticized in the press, and De la Gardie was especially exposed to criticism as a known example. Her political activism exposed her to the same slander as other politicians, and libellous pamphlets circulated accusing her of allowing her love affairs to affect her political sympathies. Among them were the rumor planted by Fryxell, exposing her alleged affair with a young nobleman of the Sture family. In 1733 Olof von Dahlin caricatured the political Swedish salon hostess in Den Swänska Argus as "Fru Kättia Sällskapslik" (Mrs Lusty Society) and condemned her for "laughing at virtue" by spending so much time with men and exchanging flirtatious jokes with them.

Pending the Riksdag of 1734, the leading Hat party member Carl Gyllenborg gave her the task of conducting negotiations with the French ambassador in Stockholm, Charles Louis de Biaudos de Casteja, and obtain French subsidies for the Hat Party, thereby making an alliance between the party in France, a task she successfully fulfilled. Her collaboration with Casteja and her role in allying the Hats Party with France attracted libellous criticism, and she was caricatured as "a beautiful and well bred horse", which "had long been running along with a stallion from Gaul", and that "The French have so thoroughly penetrated the senses of some of our women ministers, that they have willingly given them their trust", referring to her and Casteja.

When an election was due for the Riksdag of 1738, the Hats Party withdrew its support for the king's relationship with Hedvig Taube, and instead made itself the organ for popular discontent with that relationship. Hedvig Catharina participated in the campaign by arranging a French play in her private theater to celebrate the birthday of the king, to which she invited the queen. The queen excused herself from the reception when she was informed that the play was in fact a caricature of the king's relationship with Hedvig Taube, but the play was performed and contributed successfully to the propaganda in favor of the Hats Party and its stand against the adultery of the king in the Riksdag of 1738.    The Riksdag election resulted in the fall of the Caps Party Government of Arvid Horn and a new Hats Party government supported by France.

After the death of Daniel Niklas von Höpken in 1741, De la Gardie became the informal leader and central figure of the Carl Gyllenborg faction within the Hats Party government.

Later life
After the death of her spouse in 1741, Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie settled in Paris in France in the company of her daughter Brita Sophia, where she converted to Roman Catholicism, which was at that point formally a crime in Sweden. She reportedly spent million livres in France, participated in aristocratic high society life, being described as a daily guest at the royal court at the Palace of Versailles. She had incurred large debts by the time of her death in 1745. After her death, her daughter, who converted with her, joined a convent as a nun, living until 1797.

See also
 Eva Helena Löwen, who played a similar role in the service of France and the Hats Party at the end of the age of liberty.

Notes

References
 Hedvig Catharina Lillie i Wilhelmina Stålberg, Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor (1864)
 Norrhem, Svante (2007). Kvinnor vid maktens sida : 1632-1772. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. Libris 10428618.
 Ingemar Carlsson: Parti -partiväsen-partipolitiker 1731–43. Kring uppkomsten av våra politiska partier. Stockholm (1981)

Further reading

1695 births
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Swedish salon-holders
1745 deaths
18th-century Swedish nobility
Swedish countesses
Age of Liberty people
18th-century Swedish women
People of the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
De la Gardie family


Pressec is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Anse-Bertrand, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Mahaudiere is to the west, La Berthaudiere to the north, and Massioux to the east.

Populated places in Guadeloupe


Dust to Dust is a studio album by former 3rd Bass members Prime Minister Pete Nice and Daddy Rich. It was released on April 27, 1993, via Def Jam Recordings/Columbia Records/Sony Music Entertainment, a year after the breakup of 3rd Bass. The album features numerous disses towards their former bandmate MC Serch. The recording sessions took place in New York at Rampant Recording Studio, Chung King Studios, and LGK Studios. Production was handled by Pete Nice, DJ Richie Rich, The Beatnuts, KMD, and Sam Sever of Downtown Science.

The album found limited success, reaching #171 on the Billboard 200, #50 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and #8 on the Heatseekers Albums in the United States. It spawned two singles and corresponding music videos for "Rat Bastard" and "Kick the Bobo," both of which were apparent disses aimed at MC Serch. The "Rat Bastard" video starts with a scene reminiscent of the 1987 film The Untouchables, where Pete Nice is depicted beating an MC Serch lookalike to death with a baseball bat. The video for "Kick the Bobo" starts out as a recreation of a scene from the 1983 film Scarface, with Pete Nice talking to a Tony Montana lookalike. This album also marks the professional debut of indie rap artist Cage. Dust to Dust is now out of print.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

1993 albums
3rd Bass albums
Def Jam Recordings albums
Albums produced by the Beatnuts
Albums recorded at Chung King Studios


Aubure (; ; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

See also
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References

Communes of Haut-Rhin


"Set Your Loving Free" is a song by British singer, songwriter and actress Lisa Stansfield from her second album, Real Love (1991). It was written by her with Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song was released as the fourth European single on 25 May 1992. It included "Whenever You're Gone", featured on the Japanese edition of Real Love only. The Nick Brandt-directed music video, starring Linus Roache, was also released. The song reached number 28 in the United Kingdom and number 20 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart, where it was released as B-side of "A Little More Love." "Set Your Loving Free" was remixed by Masters at Work (Little Louie Vega and Kenny "Dope" Gonzalez).

In 2003, it was included on Biography: The Greatest Hits. In 2014, the remixes of "Set Your Loving Free" and "Whenever You're Gone" were also included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Real Love and on People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology (also on The Collection 1989–2003).

Chart performance
"Set Your Loving Free" was a notable hit on the charts, although not commercially as successful as the previous singles from Real Love. The song entered the top 30 in the UK, peaking at number 28 in its first week at the UK Singles Chart on 31 May 1992. It spent one more week within the UK Top 40 (32), before leaving, and did also peak at number 18 on the UK Dance Singles Chart. Additionally, the single entered the top 40 in the Netherlands (42) and the top 60 in Germany (57), as well as peaking at number 75 on the Eurochart Hot 100. Outside Europe, "Set Your Loving Free" was quite successful in the US, reaching number 20 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart, with a total of eight weeks within the chart. In Australia, it peaked at number 164.

Critical reception
The song received positive reviews from many music critics. AllMusic editor Alex Henderson described it as "sleek". Asbjørn Bakke from Norwegian Arbeiderbladet declared it as "magnificent". A reviewer from Lennox Herald viewed it as "another hit". Scott Sterling from The Michigan Daily felt that "this high-energy workout rivals even the O'Jays at their best." Robbert Tilli from Music & Media wrote that Stansfield's "soulful voice—a UK equivalent of Mariah Carey's and Whitney Houston's—is made for slow love songs" like "Set Your Loving Free". Alan Jones from Music Week commented, "After the pent-up passion of "Time to Make You Mine", it's a much lighter and immediately accessible song, perfectly suited to lazy, summer days." James Hamilton from the RM Dance Update stated that the song is "sexily teased and crooned" by the singer. Stephen Holden from Rolling Stone described it as "the inspirational lover's promise".

Track listings
 European 7-inch single
 "Set Your Loving Free" (edit) – 4:09
 "Whenever You're Gone" – 4:06

 European 12-inch single
 "Set Your Loving Free" (Kenlou 12-inch) – 7:26
 "Set Your Loving Free" (extended version) – 6:00
 "Make Love to Ya" (The Floor mix) – 6:26
 "Make Love to Ya" (Light Me Up mix) – 5:02

 European CD maxi-single
 "Set Your Loving Free" (edit) – 4:09
 "Whenever You're Gone" – 4:06
 "Set Your Loving Free" (Kenlou 12-inch) – 7:26

Charts

References

Lisa Stansfield songs
1991 songs
1992 singles
Arista Records singles
Music videos directed by Nick Brandt
Songs written by Andy Morris (musician)
Songs written by Ian Devaney
Songs written by Lisa Stansfield


La Berthaudiere is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Anse-Bertrand, on the island of Grande-Terre.  Anse-Bertrand and Mahaudiere are to its west, and Pressec and Massioux lie to the south.

Populated places in Guadeloupe