The four-factor formula, also known as Fermi's four factor formula is used in nuclear engineering to determine the multiplication of a nuclear chain reaction in an infinite medium.

The symbols are defined as:
,  and  are the average number of neutrons produced per fission in the medium (2.43 for uranium-235).
 and  are the microscopic fission and absorption cross sections for fuel, respectively.
 and  are the macroscopic absorption cross sections in fuel and in total, respectively.
 is the number density of atoms of a specific nuclide.
 is the resonance integral for absorption of a specific nuclide.
.
 is the average lethargy gain per scattering event.
Lethargy is defined as decrease in neutron energy.
 (fast utilization) is the probability that a fast neutron is absorbed in fuel.
 is the probability that a fast neutron absorption in fuel causes fission.
 is the probability that a thermal neutron absorption in fuel causes fission.
 is the thermal non-leakage probability

Multiplication
The multiplication factor, , is defined as (see Nuclear chain reaction):

 If  is greater than 1, the chain reaction is supercritical, and the neutron population will grow exponentially.
 If  is less than 1, the chain reaction is subcritical, and the neutron population will exponentially decay.
 If , the chain reaction is critical and the neutron population will remain constant.

In an infinite medium, neutrons cannot leak out of the system and the multiplication factor becomes the infinite multiplication factor, , which is approximated by the four-factor formula.

See also
 Six factor formula
 Critical mass
 Nuclear chain reaction
 Nuclear reactor

References

Nuclear technology
Radioactivity


This page is a list of present-day bridges over the River Seine and its channels, sorted by département, and then sorted from downstream to upstream.  After each bridge is listed the name of the communes which it links together, with the one on the right bank of the river given first.  The list does not include bridges over its tributaries.
Beside the bridge crossings, eight ferry crossings, all located in the département de Seine Maritime are still in use as of 2020. From downstream up the first two are considered seagoing vessels (in reference to their gross tonnage) at Duclair and Quillebeuf sur Seine and the remaining six (Dieppedalle, Val de la Haye, La Bouille, le Mesnil sous Jumièges, Jumièges and Yainville) being smaller are considered river crafts and comply to respective regulations and crew requirements . Before 2009 the ferries operated by the département de Seine Maritime were free for the local cars (bearing the 76 registration) and a toll was charged for other french and foreign vehicles. Nowadays all Seine ferries are toll free and carry a total of 10 million passengers annually. It is not unusual for them to cross the wake of quite sizeable ocean going ships as Rouen is considered a seaport with a busy ship traffic.

All locations are in France.

Crossings

 Pont Guillaume-le-Conquérant (1970),
 Pont Jeanne-d'Arc (1956, also bearing Rouen's pré-métro line since 1994), Rouen
 Pont Boïeldieu (1955), Rouen
 Pont Pierre-Corneille (1952), Rouen
 Pont Mathilde (1979), Rouen
 Viaduc d'Eauplet (railway bridge, rebuilt in 1946), Rouen
 Ponts ferroviaires, Tourville-la-Rivière – Oissel, two successive bridges over the two channels of the Seine separated by Île Mayeux.
 Ponts d'Oissel (D 13), Tourville-la-Rivière – Oissel, two successive bridges over the two channels of the Seine separated by Île Mayeux.
 Viaduc d'Oissel (autoroute A13), Tourville-la-Rivière – Oissel, bridge over the two channels of the Seine separated by Île Sainte-Catherine.
 Viaduc d'Orival (railway bridge), Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf – Orival
 Pont Guynemer (suspension bridge, 1953, D7), Elbeuf
 Pont Jean-Jaurès (D 840, 1964), Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf – Elbeuf

Seine-Maritime / Eure (upstream)
 Viaduc de Criquebeuf (autoroute A 13), Sotteville-sous-le-Val – Criquebeuf-sur-Seine, simultaneously crossing the rivers Seine and Eure, whose parallel courses are at this point separated by a narrow bank of earth only about 250m wide.

Eure

 Pont de Pont-de-l'Arche (01954, N15), Igoville – Pont-de-l'Arche (closely followed by a second bridge over the Eure)
 Pont du Manoir (SNCF railway bridge), Le Manoir
 Passerelle de l'écluse d'Amfreville, Amfreville-sous-les-Monts – Poses
 Ponts de Saint-Pierre-du-Vauvray (1975, identical reconstruction of the previous bridge), Andé – Saint-Pierre-du-Vauvray, two successive bridges over the two channels of the Seine separated by Île du Bac.
 Passerelle Muids-Bernières, Muids – Bernières-sur-Seine
 Pont suspendu des Andelys (1947), Les Andelys – Tosny
 Pont de Courcelles-sur-Seine (D 316), Courcelles-sur-Seine – Aubevoye
 Passerelle du barrage-écluse de Port-Mort, Port-Mort – Gaillon
 Vieux pont de Vernon (Old Bridge of Vernon, 12th century, in ruins, one arch survives on the right bank), Vernon
 Pont Clémenceau, Vernon

Yvelines
 Pont de Bonnières, Bennecourt – Bonnières-sur-Seine
 Bridge between Île aux Dames and Île l'Aumône, Mantes-la-Jolie
 Pont de Mantes (D 983a, 1945), Limay – Mantes-la-Jolie (resting on Île-aux-Dames)
 Vieux pont de Limay (Old Bridge of Limay, lacking several of its arches), between Limay (right bank) and Île aux Dames
 Viaduc routier (Rocade est - D 983), Limay – Mantes-la-Ville (resting on the Île-aux-Dames)
 Pont ferroviaire (SNCF), Limay – Mantes-la-Ville
 Pont de Rangiport (D 130), links Gargenville to Épône resting on Île de Rangiport
 Pont de l'île de Vaux (pont privé), between Vaux-sur-Seine (right bank) and Île de Vaux
 Pont Rhin et Danube (D 14, 1957), links Meulan to the Mureaux resting on Île Belle
 Pont aux Perches (old 12th-century bridge), between Meulan on the right bank and Île du Fort
 Pont Côme, links Île Belle to Île du Fort, to Meulan
 Pont suspendu de Triel (suspension bridge), Triel-sur-Seine
 Viaduc routier (rocade D1, 2003), Triel-sur-Seine – Vernouillet
 Pont de l'île de Villennes, between Villennes-sur-Seine (left bank) and the Île de Villennes
 Pont de l'île de Migneaux, between Poissy (rive gauche) and the Île de Migneaux
 Passerelle de l'île de Migneaux, between Poissy (rive gauche) and the Île de Migneaux

 Ancien pont de Poissy (Old Bridge of Poissy, partially destroyed in 1944), some arches survive beside Poissy between the left bank and the upstream extremity of Île de Migneaux
 Pont de Poissy (D 190), Carrières-sous-Poissy – Poissy
 Pont Eiffel (railway bridge, rebuilt in 1947), Conflans-Sainte-Honorine
 Pont de Conflans (N 184, 1950), Conflans-Sainte-Honorine
 Passerelle Saint-Nicolas, Conflans-Sainte-Honorine
 Pont de Maisons-Laffitte (D 308), Sartrouville – Maisons-Laffitte
 Passerelle, on the small channel, between Maisons-Laffitte (left bank) and the Île de la Commune
 Railway bridge (SNCF), Sartrouville – Maisons-Laffitte (resting on Île de la Commune)
 Pont, on the small channel, between Maisons-Laffitte (left bank) and the Île de la Commune
 Pont, on the small channel, between Le Mesnil-le-Roi (left bank) and the Île de la Borde
 Viaduc autoroutier, A14, Montesson – Le Mesnil-le-Roi
 Viaduc ferroviaire (RATP, RER A), Le Pecq (resting on Île Corbière)
 Pont du Pecq (D 186), Le Pecq
 Pont de l'île de la Loge, between Bougival (left bank) and the Île de la Loge
 Passerelle, between Bougival (rive gauche) and the Île de la Loge
 Pont du Maréchal-De-Latte-de-Tassigny (D 321), Croissy-sur-Seine – Bougival (resting on the Île de la Chaussée)

Yvelines / Hauts-de-Seine
 Railway bridge (RATP, RER A), Chatou – Rueil-Malmaison, rests on Île des Impressionnistes
 Pont de Chatou (D 186), Chatou – Rueil-Malmaison, rests on Île des Impressionnistes
 Viaduc de carrières-sur-Seine (1996, autoroute A14), Carrières-sur-Seine – Nanterre, rests on Île des Fleurie
 Railway bridge (RER A), Carrières-sur-Seine – Nanterre, rests on Île des Fleurie

Val-d'Oise / Hauts-de-Seine
 Railway bridge (SNCF), Bezons – Nanterre, rests on Île Saint-Martin
 Pont de Bezons (D 392), Bezons – Colombes
 Pont-aqueduc de Colombes (D 15e), Argenteuil – Colombes
 Pont d'Argenteuil, Argenteuil – Gennevilliers
 Railway bridge, Argenteuil – Gennevilliers

 Viaduc de Gennevilliers (Autoroute A15, 1976, width doubled in 1991), Argenteuil – Gennevilliers

Seine-Saint-Denis / Hauts-de-Seine
 Pont ferroviaire, in two parts Épinay-sur-Seine – L'Île-Saint-Denis – Gennevilliers
 Pont d'Épinay (D 911), in two parts Épinay-sur-Seine – L'Île-Saint-Denis – Gennevilliers
 Pont de l'île Saint-Denis (D 986), in two parts Saint-Denis – L'Île-Saint-Denis – Villeneuve-la-Garenne
 Viaduc autoroutier (A 86), Saint-Ouen – L'Île-Saint-Denis – Villeneuve-la-Garenne
 Pont de Saint-Ouen-les-Docks, Saint-Ouen – L'Île-Saint-Denis – Gennevilliers
 Pont ferroviaire de Saint-Ouen (SNCF), Saint-Ouen

Hauts-de-Seine (downstream)
 Pont de Gennevilliers (D 17), Clichy – Asnières-sur-Seine
 Pont de Clichy (D 19), Clichy – Asnières-sur-Seine
 Pont ferroviaire (RATP, 1980), Clichy – Asnières-sur-Seine (Paris Métro Line 13)
 Pont d'Asnières (D 909), Clichy – Asnières-sur-Seine
 Pont ferroviaire d'Asnières (SNCF), Clichy – Asnières-sur-Seine (the line which ends at gare Saint-Lazare)
 Pont de Levallois (D 9bis), Levallois-Perret – Courbevoie
 Passerelle piétonnière (1990), between Levallois-Perret and Île de la Jatte (downstream point)
 Pont de Courbevoie (D 908), Neuilly-sur-Seine – Courbevoie (resting on Île de la Jatte)
 Passerelle piétonnière, between Neuilly-sur-Seine and Île de la Jatte (upstream point)
 Pont de Neuilly (1942, N 13), Neuilly-sur-Seine – Puteaux (also carries the 1992 extension of Paris Métro Line 1 towards La Défense, resting on Île du Pont, resting on the upstream point of Île de Puteaux)
 Pont de Puteaux (reconstruit, 1980), Neuilly-sur-Seine – Puteaux (resting on Île de Puteaux)

Paris / Hauts-de-Seine
The following bridges are partly in the Bois de Boulogne, which is in the 16th arrondissement of the département and commune of Paris, although not in the city (ville) of Paris.
 Pont de Suresnes, Paris – Suresnes
 Passerelle de l'aqueduc de l'Avre,  Paris – Saint-Cloud
 Viaduc autoroutier de Saint-Cloud (Autoroute A13), Paris – Saint-Cloud

Hauts-de-Seine (upstream)
 Pont de Saint-Cloud, Boulogne-Billancourt – Saint-Cloud
 Pont de Sèvres, Boulogne-Billancourt – Sèvres
 Ponts (Boulevard des Îles), Boulogne-Billancourt – Issy-les-Moulineaux
 Pont d'Issy, Boulogne-Billancourt – Issy-les-Moulineaux (resting on the upstream point of Île Saint-Germain)

Paris

The city of Paris has 37 bridges across the Seine, of which 3 are pedestrian only and 2 are rail bridges.  Three link Île Saint-Louis to the rest of Paris, 8 do the same for Île de la Cité and one links the 2 islands to each other. From downstream  to upstream:

 Pont Aval ("downstream  bridge" carrying the Boulevard Périphérique)
 Pont du Garigliano
 Pont Mirabeau
 Pont de Grenelle (crossing the Île aux Cygnes)
 Pont Rouelle (rail viaduct for line C of the RER crossing the Île aux Cygnes)
 Pont de Bir-Hakeim (crossing the Île aux Cygnes, comprising one stage with a railway bridge carrying Line 6 of the Paris Métro and another for road traffic)
 Pont d'Iéna
 Passerelle Debilly (pedestrian)
 Pont de l'Alma
 Pont des Invalides
 Pont Alexandre III
 Pont de la Concorde
 Passerelle Léopold-Sédar-Senghor (1999) (pedestrian, formerly the Passerelle de Solférino, renamed in 2006)
 Pont Royal
 Pont du Carrousel
 Passerelle des Arts (pedestrian)
 Pont Neuf (crossing the west corner of the Île de la Cité, Paris's oldest bridge, built between 1578 and 1607)
 Pont au Change (between the Rive Droite and the Île de la Cité)
 Pont Saint-Michel (between the Île de la Cité and the Rive Gauche)
 Pont Notre-Dame (between the Rive Droite and the Île de la Cité)
 Petit Pont (between Île de la Cité and the Rive Gauche)
 Pont d'Arcole (between the Rive Droite and the Île de la Cité)
 Pont au Double (between Île de la Cité and the Rive Gauche)
 Pont de l'Archevêché (between Île de la Cité and the Rive Gauche)
 Pont Saint-Louis (pedestrianized, between Île de la Cité and the Île Saint-Louis)
 Pont Louis-Philippe (between the Rive Droite and the Île Saint-Louis)
 Pont Marie (between the Rive Droite and the Île Saint-Louis)
 Pont de la Tournelle (between the Île Saint-Louis and the Rive Gauche)
 Pont de Sully (crosses the eastern corner of Île Saint-Louis)
 Pont d'Austerlitz
 Viaduc d'Austerlitz (railway bridge used for  Line 5 of the métro), directly followed on the Rive Droite by the viaduc du quai de la Rapée,
 Pont Charles-de-Gaulle (1996)
 Pont de Bercy (made up of a railway bridge carrying the Line 6 of the Paris Métro and another stage for road traffic);
 Passerelle Simone-de-Beauvoir (pedestrian), inaugurated 13 July 2006
 Pont de Tolbiac
 Pont National
 Pont amont ("upstream bridge" carrying the Boulevard Périphérique)

Val-de-Marne
 Pont Nelson Mandela downstream (D 50b), Charenton-le-Pont – Ivry-sur-Seine
 Pont Nelson Mandela upstream (D 50), Charenton-le-Pont – Ivry-sur-Seine
 Passerelle Charenton - Ivry (pedestrian bridge and support for electric cables), Charenton-le-Pont – Ivry-sur-Seine
 Pont d'Ivry (N 19, 1957),  Alfortville – Ivry-sur-Seine
 Passerelle de l'écluse du Port à l'Anglais (footbridge over the lock of Port à l'Anglais), Alfortville – Ivry-sur-Seine
 Pont du Port à l'Anglais (D 48, suspension bridge, 1927), Alfortville – Vitry-sur-Seine
 Passerelle GDF de Vitry, Alfortville – Vitry-sur-Seine
 Viaduc de l'A 86, Choisy-le-Roi – Thiais
 Pont de Choisy (N 186, 1965), Choisy-le-Roi
 Pont ferroviaire (Grande Ceinture line), Choisy-le-Roi
 Pont de Villeneuve-le-Roi (D 32, 1950), Villeneuve-Saint-Georges – Villeneuve-le-Roi
 Passerelle de l'écluse d'Ablon, Vigneux-sur-Seine – Ablon-sur-Seine
 Pont d'Athis-Mons (SNCF railway bridge), Vigneux-sur-Seine – Athis-Mons
 Pont de la Première-Armée-Française (D 931), Draveil – Juvisy-sur-Orge
 Pont de Champrosay, Champrosay – Ris-Orangis

Essonne
 Pont d'Évry (double apron, D 96), Étiolles – Évry
 Pont autoroutier (A 104), Corbeil-Essonnes
 Viaduc N 104, Saint-Germain-lès-Corbeil – Corbeil-Essonnes
 Pont de l'Armée-Patton (N 446), Corbeil-Essonnes

Seine-et-Marne
 Pont de Sainte-Assise (D 50), Seine-Port – Saint-Fargeau-Ponthierry
 Pont du Mée (SNCF railway bridge), Le Mée-sur-Seine – Dammarie-lès-Lys
 Pont de la pénétrante (N 6), Melun
 Pont Jeanne-d'Arc, Melun
 Pont Jean-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Melun
 Pont du Général-Leclerc, Melun
 Pont Notre-Dame, Melun
 Pont du Pet au Diable (SNCF railway bridge), Vaux-le-Pénil – La Rochette
 Pont de Chartrettes (D 115), Chartrettes – Bois-le-Roi
 Pont de Fontaine-le-Port (D 116), Fontaine-le-Port
 Pont de Valvins (D 210), Vulaines-sur-Seine – Samois-sur-Seine
 Pont-aqueduc de Champagne (D 301), Champagne-sur-Seine – Thomery
 Pont de Champagne (road-bridge) (D 301), Champagne-sur-Seine – Thomery
 Pont de Saint-Mammès (D 40), Champagne-sur-Seine – Saint-Mammès
 Pont de Varennes (SNCF railway bridge), La Grande-Paroisse – Varennes-sur-Seine -
 Pont de Seine (N 105), Montereau-Fault-Yonne
 Pont Saint-Martin (junction D 403/D 441), Montereau-Fault-Yonne
 Railway viaduct (LGV Paris-Sud-Est), Montereau-Fault-Yonne
 Motorway viaduct (autoroute A5), Montereau-Fault-Yonne
 Railway bridge, Saint-Germain-Laval
 Pont (D 29), Marolles-sur-Seine
 Pont de La Tombe (D 29), La Tombe
 Pont (D 77), Balloy
 Pont de Bray-sur-Seine, Mouy-sur-Seine – Bray-sur-Seine
 Pont de Noyen (D 78), Noyen-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 49a), Villiers-sur-Seine

Aube
 Pont (D 168), Courceroy
 Pont (D 619), Nogent-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 919), Nogent-sur-Seine, in two parts, resting on Île des Écluses
 Pont de Bernières (pont ferroviaire SNCF), Nogent-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 68), Marnay-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 52), Pont-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 440), Romilly-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 116), Maizières-la-Grande-Paroisse
 Pont (D 178), Saint-Oulph
 Pont (D 373), Méry-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 619), Troyes (rocade)
 Pont (D 1), Clérey
 Pont (D 28), Saint-Parres-lès-Vaudes – Villemoyenne
 Pont de Chappes
 Pont (D 81), Fouchères limit of the 1st/2nd Halieutique category
 Pont (D 32), Virey-sous-Bar – Courtenot
 Pont (D 93), Bourguignons
 Pont de Bar-sur-Seine ancient building.
 Pont (N 71), Merrey-sur-Arce

Marne
 Pont (D 48), Conflans-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 50), Marcilly-sur-Seine
 Pont, Marcilly-sur-Seine, confluence of the Aube and the canal de la Haute Seine, limit of the navigable Seine

Côte-d'Or
 Pont (N 71), Châtillon-sur-Seine
 Pont (D 29), Aisey-sur-Seine
 Pont (N 71), Aisey-sur-Seine

See also
 Seine
 List of bridges in Paris
 List of locks on the Seine

References

External links
 Presentation on the bridges of Hauts-de-Seine
 Pont Gustave Flaubert, Lift Bridge, Rouen


The Western Connecticut Highlands AVA is an American Viticultural Area that includes all of Litchfield and parts of Fairfield, New Haven, and Hartford counties in Connecticut.  The Connecticut Highlands are far enough away from Long Island Sound that there is little of the moderating effect on climate that large bodies of water produce.  The region is relatively cool, with a short growing season between mid-May and mid-September.  The soil in the area is glacial schist and gneiss.  Local vintners have had the most success with cool climate Vitis vinifera and French hybrid grape varieties. The region is located in hardiness zones 5b and 6a.

References

American Viticultural Areas
Connecticut wine
Geography of Fairfield County, Connecticut
Geography of Hartford County, Connecticut
Geography of Litchfield County, Connecticut
Geography of New Haven County, Connecticut
1988 establishments in Connecticut


Denise Rosemonde "Rosine" Delamare (11 June 1911 – 17 March 2013) was a French costume designer. She was co-nominated for an Academy Award for her work on the film The Earrings of Madame de… (1953).

Filmography

Cinema

1942 : The Blue Veil by Jean Stelli
1942 : La Symphonie fantastique by Christian-Jaque
1943 : The Heart of a Nation by Julien Duvivier
1943 : Pierre et Jean by André Cayatte
1943 : The Count of Monte Cristo by Robert Vernay
1943 : Shop Girls of Paris by André Cayatte
1945 : Boule de suif by Christian-Jaque
1946 : Strange Fate by Louis Cuny
1946 : The Revenge of Roger by André Cayatte
1947 : Monsieur Vincent by Maurice Cloche
1947 : Le Destin exécrable de Guillemette Babin by Guillaume Radot
1947 : Captain Blomet by Andrée Feix
1949 : Le Roi by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1949 : Doctor Laennec by Maurice Cloche
1949 : Les amants de Vérone by André Cayatte
1950 : My Friend Sainfoin by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1950 : Cartouche, King of Paris by Guillaume Radot
1950 :  by André Haguet
1950 : Ma pomme by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1951 : Monsieur Fabre by Henri Diamant-Berger
1951 : Captain Ardant by André Zwoboda
1951 : Dr. Knock by Guy Lefranc
1951 : La Maison Bonnadieu by Carlo Rim
1952 : An Artist with Ladies by Jean Boyer
1952 : Adorable Creatures by Christian-Jaque
1952 : The Green Glove by Rudolph Maté
1952 : Plaisirs de Paris by Ralph Baum
1952 : Beauties of the Night by René Clair
1952 : Il est minuit, Docteur Schweitzer by André Haguet
1952 : Judgement of God by Raymond Bernard
1953 : The Earrings of Madame de… by Max Ophüls
1953 : Tourbillon by Alfred Rode
1953 : The Porter from Maxim's by Henri Diamant-Berger
1953 : Dortoir des grandes by Henri Decoin
1953 :  by Raymond Bernard
1953 : The Slave by Yves Ciampi
1953 : The Most Wanted Man by Henri Verneuil
1954 : The Bed, film à sketches, segment Le Lit de la Pompadour by Jean Delannoy
1954 : Les Révoltés de Lomanach by Richard Pottier
1954 : French Cancan by Jean Renoir
1954 : Obsession by Jean Delannoy
1954 : The Red and the Black by Claude Autant-Lara
1954 : Par ordre du tsar by André Haguet
1954 : Scènes de ménage by André Berthomieu
1954 : Le Chevalier de la nuit by Robert Darène
1954 : La Reine Margot by Jean Dréville
1954 : On Trial by Julien Duvivier
1955 : The Grand Maneuver by René Clair
1955 : Les Hussards by Alex Joffé
1955 : Caroline and the Rebels by Jean Devaivre
1955 : Marguerite de la nuit by Claude Autant-Lara
1955 : Black Dossier by André Cayatte
1955 : Rififi by Jules Dassin
1955 : Milord l'Arsouille by André Haguet
1956 : Elena and Her Men de Jean Renoir
1956 : Bonsoir Paris, bonjour l'amour by Ralph Baum
1956 : Les Aventures de Till L'Espiègle by Gérard Philipe and Joris Ivens
1956 : C'est arrivé à Aden by Michel Boisrond
1956 : Meeting in Paris by Georges Lampin
1957 : Gates of Paris by René Clair
1957 : The Man in the Raincoat by Julien Duvivier
1958 : The Roots of Heaven by John Huston
1958 : Thérèse Étienne by Denys de la Patellière
1958 : Maxime by Henri Verneuil
1958 : The Gambler by Claude Autant-Lara
1958 : La Bonne Tisane by Hervé Bromberger
1958 : Christine by Pierre Gaspard-Huit
1959 : La Belle et le Tzigane by Jean Dréville and Márton Keleti
1959 : Magnificent Sinner by Robert Siodmak
1959 : Come Dance with Me by Michel Boisrond
1959 : The Green Mare by Claude Autant-Lara
1960 : Le secret du Chevalier d'Éon by Jacqueline Audry
1961 : The Three Musketeers by Bernard Borderie
1961 : Vive Henri IV, vive l'amour by Claude Autant-Lara
1961 : The Wonders of Aladdin (Le meraviglie di Aladino) by Mario Bava and Henry Levin
1961 : The Count of Monte Cristo by Claude Autant-Lara
1962 : Mandrin by Jean-Paul Le Chanois
1962 : Le Chevalier de Pardaillan by Bernard Borderie
1962 : Cartouche by Philippe de Broca
1964 : Angélique, Marquise des Anges by Bernard Borderie
1965 : Marvelous Angelique by Bernard Borderie
1966 : Angelique and the King by Bernard Borderie
1967 : Un idiot à Paris by Serge Korber
1967 : The Night of the Generals by Anatole Litvak
1967 : Untamable Angelique by Bernard Borderie
1967 : La Vingt-cinquième Heure by Henri Verneuil
1968 : Emma Hamilton by Christian-Jaque
1968 : Angelique and the Sultan by Bernard Borderie
1969 : The Madwoman of Chaillot by Bryan Forbes
1969 :  by Bernard Borderie
1970 : Rider on the Rain by René Clément
1970 : Hello, Goodbye by Jean Negulesco
1971 : Time for Loving by Christopher Miles
1973 : The Day of the Jackal by Fred Zinnemann
1974 : Piaf by Guy Casaril
1976 : Une femme fidèle by Roger Vadim
1977 : Gloria by Claude Autant-Lara
1979 : A Little Romance by George Roy Hill
1980 : L'Avare by Jean Girault and Louis de Funès
1981 : Chanel Solitaire by George Kaczender
1983 : Benvenuta by André Delvaux
1984 : Fort Saganne by Alain Corneau

Television
1962 : Le Cid (tragi-comedy by Pierre Corneille), teledrama by Roger Iglésis
1962 : La Fille du capitaine, teledrama by Alain Boudet, for the  series
1963 : Tous ceux qui tombent, teledrama by Michel Mitrani
1974 : Le deuil sied à Électre (trilogie by Eugene O'Neill), directed by Maurice Cazeneuve
1978 : Jean-Christophe, serial by François Villiers
1980 : Les Mystères de Paris, serial by André Michel
1980 : Gaughin the Savage, telefilm by Fielder Cook
1984 : La Dame aux camélias (Camille), telefilm by Desmond Davis

Theatre
(selection)
1951 : Le Sabre de mon père by Roger Vitrac, directed by Pierre Dux, with Sophie Desmarets, P. Dux (Théâtre de Paris)
1955 : Les Amants novices by Jean Bernard-Luc, directed by Jean Mercure, with Dany Robin, Claude Rich (Théâtre Montparnasse)
 1976: Doit-on le dire ? by Eugène Labiche, directed by Jean-Laurent Cochet, with Claude Giraud and Jacques Sereys (Comédie-Française)
1979 : A Flea in Her Ear by Georges Feydeau, directed by Jean-Laurent Cochet, with Paule Noëlle, Michel Aumont (Comédie-Française)
1981 : Chéri, after the eponymous novel by Colette, directed by Jean-Laurent Cochet, with Michèle Morgan, Jean-Pierre Bouvier, Odette Laure (Théâtre des Variétés)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1911 births
2013 deaths
French centenarians
French costume designers
Women costume designers
People from Colombes
Women centenarians


Courcelles-sous-Moyencourt (, literally Courcelles under Moyencourt; ) is a commune in the northern French department of Somme.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D258 road, between the A29 autoroute and the N29 road some  southwest of Amiens.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Ramón "Moncho" Gil Sequeiros (16 August 1897 – 18 January 1965) was a Spanish footballer player who played as a forward. He was a member of the Spain national team that won the silver medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Club career
Born in Vigo, he began playing football at his hometown club Real Vigo Sporting in 1917, and he helped them win three Galician Championships in 1918-19, 1919-20 and 1922-23. He played for them until 1923, when Sporting was merged with Fortuna de Vigo to form Celta de Vigo. He was then part of the first-ever teams fielded by Celta de Vigo and played for them for four seasons.

International career
He represented the Spain national team at the 1920 Summer Olympics, featuring in two games against Italy and in the Silver/Bronze medal match against the Netherlands which Spain won 3-1.

Being a player of Real Vigo Sporting, he was summoned to play for the Galicia national team, and he was one of the eleven footballers that played in the team's first-ever game on 19 November 1922, a 4-1 win over a Castile/Madrid XI in the quarter-finals of the 1922-23 Prince of Asturias Cup, an inter-regional competition organized by the RFEF. Moncho Gil helped the team reach the final, where they were beaten 1-3 by Asturias national team, courtesy of a second-half brace from José Luis Zabala.

Honours

Club
Real Vigo Sporting
Galician Championship:
Winners (3) 1918-19, 1919-20 and 1922-23

International
Spain
Olympic Games Silver medal: 1920

Asturias
Prince of Asturias Cup:
Runner-up (1): 1922-23

References

External links

1897 births
1965 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Spain
Olympic silver medalists for Spain
RC Celta de Vigo players
Olympic medalists in football
Footballers from Vigo
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football forwards


Domingo Gómez-Acedo y Villanueva (6 June 1898 – 14 September 1980), also known as Txomin Acedo, was a Spanish footballer who played primarily as a left-sided forward and sometimes as a left back. Acedo was in the Spain national team that competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, and won the silver medal.

Club career
Acedo spent his entire career with Athletic Bilbao, they won four national Copa del Rey competitions, he scoring once in the 1916 Final and twice in the 1921 Final. They also won eight regional North/Biscay Championships in a 14-year spell playing alongside José María Belauste, Sabino Bilbao and Pichichi for club and country. His primary attributes were his great pace and set-piece abilities, including scoring 'Olympic goals' (direct from a corner kick).

He is the youngest player and goalscorer in the history of Athletic, having made his debut – and scored – in the Campeonato Regional Norte on 18 October 1914, at the age of 16 years, four months and 12 days. He had not been registered officially as a player with Athletic for the requisite six months, and the club were sanctioned by the federation. His records have sometimes been overlooked and the feats attributed incorrectly to Agustín Gaínza (and subsequently to Iker Muniain).

Acedo is also the club's youngest player and scorer in the Copa del Rey having found the net on his debut in that competition on 25 April 1915, aged 16 years, 10 months and 19 days (neither Muniain nor Gainza played in the cup before turning 17).

International career
On 28 August 1920, Otero was among national team history as one of the eleven footballers who played in the first game of the Spain national team for the 1920 Summer Olympics, in an eventual 1–0 victory over Denmark. He featured in three more games at the tournament, scoring the winning goal against Sweden and starting in the play-off for the silver medal against the Netherlands, which Spain won 3–1. In total, he earned 11 caps for Spain between 1920 and 1924, scoring 1 goal.

With Athletic playing in the local league, he was summoned to play for the Biscay autonomous football team, and was a member of the team that participated in the 1922–23 Prince of Asturias Cup, an inter-regional competition organized by the RFEF. In the quarter-finals against Asturias on 13 November 1922, Acedo imprinted his name in the competition's history with an late equaliser in extra-time to level the scores at 2–2 and force a second extra period in which Asturas prevailed as 4–3 winners.

International goals
Acedo's team score listed first, column indicates score after his goal.

Spain

Biscay

Personal life
Domingo Acedo's older brother Aquilino also played for Athletic Bilbao just prior to his younger sibling's debut; in his brief career he featured in the 1913 Cup final defeat to Racing Irun, and in the inaugural match at San Mamés stadium against the same opposition (now renamed Real Unión), before retiring through injury.

A sister of the family, María Mercedes Acedo, married the journalist Manuel Aznar Zubigaray. They were the grandparents of José María Aznar, Prime Minister of Spain in the 1990s.

Honours

Club
Athletic Bilbao
 Spanish Cup: 1915, 1916, 1921, 1923; runner-up: 1920.
 North/Biscay Regional Championship (8): 1914–15, 1915–16, 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1926–27, 1928–29

International
Spain
Olympic Games Silver medal: 1920

References

External links

1898 births
1980 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Bilbao
Athletic Bilbao footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Spain
Olympic silver medalists for Spain
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football forwards
Basque Country men's international footballers


Oxepin is an oxygen-containing heterocycle consisting of a seven-membered ring with three double bonds.  The parent C6H6O exists as an equilibrium mixture with benzene oxide.

The oxepin–benzene oxide equilibrium is affected by the ring substituents.  A related dimethyl derivative exists mainly as the oxepin isomer, an orange liquid.

Oxepin is an intermediate in the oxidation of benzene by the cytochrome P450 (CYP).  Other arene oxides are metabolites of the parent arene.

References


The Conciliatory Resolution was a resolution passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to reach a peaceful settlement with the Thirteen Colonies two months prior to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.

In January 1775, Parliament considered petitions from the colonies in relation to the Coercive Acts, including a petition to the king from the First Continental Congress, and discussed ways to resolve the crisis with the Thirteen Colonies. A proposal by William Pitt to recognize colonial self-government was rejected by the House of Lords. Pitt then moved for the withdrawal of troops from Boston, but that motion was defeated. In February, Pitt presented a plan of conciliation based upon mutual concessions, but this was also rejected. On February 2, despite fierce opposition from some members of Parliament, Massachusetts was declared to be in rebellion. Lord North took the unexpected (for him, that is) role of conciliator for the drafting of a conciliatory resolution which was proposed on February 20, 1775 and dated on February 27.

The Conciliatory Resolution declared that any colony that contributed to the common defense and provided support for the civil government and the administration of justice (ostensibly against any anti-Crown rebellion) would be relieved of paying taxes or duties except those necessary for the regulation of commerce.

The resolution was addressed and sent to the individual colonies, and intentionally ignored the extralegal Continental Congress. By doing this, Lord North hoped to divide the colonists amongst themselves and thus weaken any revolution/independence movements (especially those represented by the Continental Congress). The resolution proved to be "too little, too late," and the American Revolutionary War began at Lexington on April 19, 1775.

The Continental Congress representing the thirteen colonies rejected the proposal as an infringement on their exclusive right to raise revenue. In contrast, the loyal colony of Nova Scotia accepted it. Nova Scotia suggested raising the revenue by imposing a duty on foreign imports, this was granted by Parliament which then repealed all other taxes (except those related to commerce) on Nova Scotia.

Full text of the Resolution

Resolved, That it is the opinion of this Committee, that when the Governour, Council, and Assembly, or General Court, of any of his Majesty's Provinces or Colonies in America, shall propose to make provision, according to the condition, circumstances, and situation of such Province or Colony, for contributing their proportion to the common defence, (such proportion to be raised under the authority of the General Court, or General Assembly of such Province or Colony, and disposable by Parliament,) and shall engage to make provision also for the support of the Civil Government, and the Administration of Justice, in such Province or Colony, it will be proper if such proposal shall be approved by his Majesty and the two Houses of Parliament, and for so long as such provision shall be made accordingly, to forbear, in respect of such Province or Colony, to levy any Duty, Tax, or Assessment, or to impose any farther Duty, Tax, or Assessment, except only such Duties as it may be expedient to continue to levy or to impose for the regulation of commerce; the nett produce of the duties last mentioned to be carried to the account of such Province or Colony respectively.

Receipt and rejection by Congress

The Continental Congress did eventually receive the Conciliatory Resolution in the form of a communication from the assembly of New Jersey on May 26, 1775, and, perhaps for a number of reasons (not limited to the early successes of the Revolution), released a report (written by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Richard Henry Lee in committee after they had finished with other papers including the declaration of causes,), dated July 31, 1775, rejecting it on behalf of the colonies:

The Congress took the said resolution into consideration, and are, thereupon, of opinion, That colonies of America are entitled to the sole and exclusive privilege of giving and granting their own money....To propose, therefore, as this resolution does, that the monies given by the colonies shall be subject to the disposal of parliament alone, is to, propose that they shall relinquish this right of enquiry, and put it in the power of others to render their gifts ruinous, in proportion as they are liberal....The proposition seems also to have been calculated more particularly to lull into fatal security, our well-affected fellow-subjects on the other side the water, till time should be given for the operation of those arms, which a British minister pronounced would instantaneously reduce the "cowardly" sons of America to unreserved submission. But, when the world reflects, how inadequate to justice are these vaunted terms; when it attends to the rapid and bold succession of injuries, which, during the course of eleven years, have been aimed at these colonies; when it reviews the pacific and respectful expostulations, which, during that whole time, were the sole arms we opposed to them; when it observes that our complaints were either not heard at all, or were answered with new and accumulated injuries; when it recollects that the minister himself, on an early occasion, declared, "that he would never treat with America, till he had brought her to his feet," and that an avowed partisan of ministry has more lately denounced against us the dreadful sentence, "delenda est Carthago;" that this was done in presence of a British Senate and being unreproved by them, must be taken to be their own sentiment, (especially as the purpose has already in part been carried into execution, by their treatment of Boston and burning of Charlestown;) when it considers the great armaments with which they have invaded us, and the circumstances of cruelty with which these have commenced and prosecuted hostilities; when these things, we say, are laid together and attentively considered, can the world be deceived into an opinion that we are unreasonable, or can it hesitate to believe with us, that nothing but our own exertions may defeat the ministerial sentence of death or abject submission.

References

1775 in Great Britain
1775 in the Thirteen Colonies
British laws relating to the American Revolution
Diplomacy during the American Revolutionary War
1775 in international relations
Parliament of Great Britain
Continental Congress


East Lambrook is an English village situated in the civil parish of Kingsbury Episcopi, within the South Somerset district of Somerset. It is noted particularly for its manor gardens.

Manor
East Lambrook Manor is a small 15th-century manor house classed by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

The manor was bought in 1939 by Margery Fish and her husband W. G. Fish. The gardens were planted by Margery Fish from 1938 until her death in 1969. She wrote several books on such "cottage gardens", some still in print, and held the National Collection of Geraniums. She also assembled a large collection of snowdrop species.

The gardens have been preserved and remain open to the public under subsequent owners.

Amenities

The Anglican Church of St James, also a Grade II* listed building, dates from the 12th century. Although in the civil parish of Kingsbury Episcopi, the village is part of the benefice of South Petherton with the Seavingtons and the Lambrooks, within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

The pub in the village is the Rose and Crown, which dates from the 17th century.

Other nearby places of interest include the Burrow Hill Cider Farm, where apple cider and apple brandy are made by traditional methods.

Communications
The village has a service of one Monday-to-Friday bus between the villages of Isle Brewers and Street, Somerset. The nearest railway station is Yeovil Pen Mill (10 miles, 16 km).

The A303 main road between Basingstoke, Hampshire, and Honiton, Devon, passes 2.5 miles (4 km) to the south of the village.

References

External links
 East Lambrook Manor Gardens

Villages in South Somerset


Elias III was the Patriarch of Jerusalem from about 879 to 907.

According to the annals of Eutychius of Alexandria, he was a descendant of the family of Mansur ibn Sarjun, the grandfather of John of Damascus.

There is evidence that he sent a circular letter to European rulers asking for financial help in restoring the churches in his diocese. One of them was received by the Carolingian Emperor Charles the Fat in 881, and another was probably sent to king Alfred the Great. According to Asser, Elias corresponded with Alfred and sent him gifts, and a medical text in Old English contains information about remedies for Alfred's ailments sent to him by Elias.

According to Eutychius, he was appointed in the tenth regnal year of the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tamid (), and remained in office until his death, a period of 22 years.

References

Year of birth unknown
907 deaths
10th-century patriarchs of Jerusalem
9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
10th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
People from the Tulunid dynasty
Melkites in the Abbasid Caliphate
Foreign relations of the Carolingian Empire
Palestine under the Abbasid Caliphate
9th-century patriarchs of Jerusalem


Lamin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNB1 gene.

The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure, and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. This gene encodes one of the two B type proteins, B1.  Lamin B, along with heterochromatin, is anchored  to the inner surface of the nuclear membrane by the lamin B receptor.

Interactions
LMNB1 has been shown to interact with Thymopoietin.  When double-strand breaks are induced in DNA by ionizing radiation, lamin B1 promotes repair of the breaks, as well as cell survival, by maintaining the level of the RAD51 protein that is employed in homologous recombinational repair.

Pathology

Mutations affecting the LMNB1 gene cause autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy.

See also
 Lamin B2

References

Further reading


Pershore High School is a co-educational academy school, with a Sixth form, in Pershore, Worcestershire, England. It is the only high school in Pershore and also takes pupils from surrounding villages. It has a capacity of 1,273 pupils aged between 11 and 18.

The school was founded in 1932 as Pershore County Senior School. It was built to accommodate 480 pupils but began with 430 enrollments. In 1973 following the nationwide educational reforms of the late 1960s and early 1970s, it became a comprehensive school for 12- to 18-year-olds. It achieved Technology College status in 2002 and in 2007 it was recognised as a Training School. The school has a centre that provides specialist resources for up to 15 pupils with autism. In 2011 the school became an academy. In 2016 an art block was built in order to increase resources. In September 2021, PHS converted to a secondary school and commenced the enrolment of Year 7 students, disrupting the tertiary system of the local middle schools.

European project
The Comenius Project is the Secondary Schools element of the European Union SOCRATES programme. The school has links with schools in other EU countries, and also in Zambia.

Performance
The 2017 Ofsted report judged the school a Grade 2 (good).

In 2019 Pershore High School received the Education and Business Partnership Award from Herefordshire & Worcestershire Chamber of Commerce.

Notable alumni
 Nikki Groarke, Archdeacon of Dudley from January 2014.

References

External links

Academies in Worcestershire
Secondary schools in Worcestershire
Pershore


Marcel Moussy (7 May 1924 – 10 August 1995) was a French screenwriter and television director.

Moussy was born in Algiers.  He was co-nominated with François Truffaut for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film The 400 Blows (1959).  He died in Caen, aged 71.

Selected filmography
 The Verdict (1959)
 The 400 Blows (1959)
 Le Maître de pension (1973 - writer and director)

References

External links

1924 births
1995 deaths
French male screenwriters
20th-century French screenwriters
French television directors
People from Algiers
20th-century French male writers


Ralfi Pagán (born Rafael Pagán; 1946–1978) was a Bronx, New York-based Latin soul and salsa singer of Puerto Rican and Cuban parentage who was active from the mid-1960s until his death in 1978. He specialized in soul ballads sung both in Spanish and English and released five albums during the 1970s. He is well known for the duet with Sylvia Robinson entitled Soul Je T'aime and for his solo reworking of Make It With You previously recorded by David Gates and Bread. Ralfi toured with music producer and promoter Eddie Torres for several years throughout the Southwest United States. Prior to leaving on tour Ralfi visited Eddie’s home to share he was leaving to Colombia. Eddie told Ralfi he had a bad feeling about the trip. Eddie advised Ralfi not to go. Ralfi went to Colombia against Torres’ advise. In 1978, he was murdered while on a promotional tour in Colombia, South America. His murder remains unsolved.

Early career
The first recording released by Pagán was an all-but-unnoticed 45RPM single recorded in New York and released in 1966 on the RCA Victor label under the name Ray Paige. Subsequently, as a backing vocalist Pagán featured on a number of recordings by King Nando's Orchestra (real name Fernando Rivera) before in 1969, Pagán released the self-titled album, Ralfi Pagan, on Fania Records produced by Kenny Vance. Issued twice, first with all Spanish sung titles and shortly after with four English song titles substituted for four Spanish titles Pagán's falsetto tenor favored ballads such as Who Is The Girl For Me, Don't Stop Now, and I Can't See Me Without You. This made him highly popular amongst young Hispanic Americans particularly in the urban centres of Los Angeles and New York where Pagán made a significant cultural impact. He was also adept on up-tempo salsa such as his cover of Oscar Brown's Brother, Where Are You?

In 1971 he broke through nationally with a Latin cover of Make It With You which entered the Billboard R&B chart on the 10 July 1971 for an eleven-week run during which it peaked at #32. It sold 250,000 copies nationally and Pagán appeared on the nationally syndicated TV show Soul Train, making him one of the first Latino artists to ever appear on the program.

A second album With Love produced by Harvey Averne and Jerry Masucci and recorded in New York consolidated Pagán's status amongst urban Hispanics and Chicanos. A further R&B hit in 1973 with Soul Je T'Aime, a duet with Sylvia Robinson on Vibration records was his last appearance on the national charts. The Ralfi album containing Latin soul and salsa-influenced tracks was released the same year.

In 1975 he released his fourth and final Fania album I Can See which included his distinctive take on Smokey Robinson & the Miracles track Ooh Baby Baby and the bittersweet Stay Out of My Life.

Chicano favorite
By 1976 Pagán was based in Los Angeles where he connected with Colombian band leader drummer percussionist Mike Rojas. He found particular favour among young Chicanos for whom his persona as a sensitive Latin lover resonated. In Los Angeles he recorded his last album El Flaco De Oro with Mike Rojas who features with a timbal solo on the song entitled "Cubita Triste". Ralfi became a regular on the thriving club and salsa dance circuit that included The Gold Dust on Garfield Avenue in Montebello, The King's Table in Pico Rivera, The Monterey West in East Los Angeles and the Mardi Gras across from MacArthur Park.

Pagán maintained a parallel career as a salsa singer and as a latin style disco singer. He released Girl From The Mountain on Coco records in 1976, a record aimed primarily at the disco market. The album El Flaco De Oro, (sung entirely in Spanish), however, represented him as a salsa singer. This release appeared on Pumpkris Records, for whom he also handled production duties on an album by Johnny Nelson entitled Ralfi Pagan Presenta Johnny Nelson - El Principe de La Salsa. Pagán's final known release is the disco sounding "Take Me With You" b/w "Heaven Sent You" also on Pumpkris. An album Take Me With You was scheduled, but Pagán's early death curtailed its release.

Death in Colombia
Pagán had a large following in Latin America and regularly appeared in South America. Substituting for fellow Fania Records performer Joe Bataan whilst on tour in Colombia in 1978, Pagán was murdered. His family was told that a promoter arranged for his murder to avoid payment of money due with his body being left on a local beach.

Most of Pagán's back catalogue has been made available since the mid-1990s, and he is now probably better known to the general music-listening public than he was during his lifetime. A Fania track from 1973, "The Gambler", was featured in the Leon Ichaso film Pinero (2001) starring Benjamin Bratt as the poet-playwright-actor Miguel Pinero.

Discography

Albums
1971: Ralfi Pagan
1972: With Love
1973: Ralfi
1975: I Can See
1978: El Flaco de Oro
1978: Take Me With You (unreleased)

Selected Singles
1966: Don't Stop Now / Ain't No Soul (Left In These Shoes)
1969: Who Is The Girl For Me
1970: Don't Stop Now
1971: Make It With You / Stray Woman (US #104; US R&B #32)
1971: Mi Camacho / Negrona
1971: Baby I'm-A Want You / Look At Her
1971: I Can't See Me Without You
1972: Up On The Roof / The Gambler
1973: Soul Je T'Aime (with Sylvia)
1974: Wonderful Thing / To Say I Love You
1975: Just For A Little While
1975: La Vida
1976: Girl From The Mountain
1978: Take Me With You / Heaven Sent You

References

1947 births
1978 deaths
Musicians from the Bronx
Record producers from New York (state)
American people of Puerto Rican descent
Fania Records artists
Salsa musicians
20th-century American singers
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American male singers


Marcelino Silverio Izaguirre Sorzabalbere (also known as simply Silverio, 26 April 1898 – 19 November 1935) was a Spanish football player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in San Sebastián. He was a member of the Spanish team, which won the silver medal in the football tournament.

Notes

References

External links

1898 births
1935 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from San Sebastián
Spain men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Spain
Olympic silver medalists for Spain
Real Oviedo players
Real Sociedad footballers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Men's association football forwards


Ballads
Copies of extant seventeenth-century broadside ballads about William III and Mary II, such as "England's Triumph", "England's Happiness in the Crowning of William and Mary", "A new loyal song, upon King William's Progress into Ireland" and "Royal Courage, King William's Happy Success in Ireland", are housed in Magdalene College's Pepys Library, the National Library of Scotland, and the British Library.

Art

In Dublin city, the display of a white plasterwork horse in the fanlight of a door was believed to denote a household that was Protestant and loyal to the United Kingdom. The horse was a depiction of William's white horse, which he rode during the Battle of the Boyne.

In the late 1700s, "Williamite glass", featuring a depiction of the King was a popular product by craftsmen in Ireland. One example held in the Ulster Museum featured the inscription "The glorious and immortal memory of King William and his Queen Mary and perpetual disappointment to the Pope, the Pretender, and all the enemies of the Protestant religion". Paintings of William, often on his horse, were common in stately homes and public buildings in Ireland in the 19th century.

Statues

An equestrian statue of William by Grinling Gibbons stood on College Green, Dublin, which was unveiled on 1 July 1701. It became a focal point for political protest and celebrations, with protests beginning as early as 1710 when two Trinity College students damaged and defaced the statue. During William's birthday celebrations, the statue was painted white, and decorated with an orange cloak and sash with orange streamers. In July, the statue was decorated with orange lilies. In 1836, the statue was bombed, but was re-erected. It was later destroyed by another bomb in 1929.

In London, an equestrian bronze of the King can be found in St. James's Square.

Murals and banners

In Northern Ireland, murals in Unionist or Loyalist areas of the country often depict William and his success at the Battle of the Boyne. The first mural of William was painted in Derry in the 1920s and depicted the Battle of the Boyne and his ending of the siege of Derry. King William is the most common theme of Loyalist murals in Northern Ireland. The "King Billy" murals are a mixture of "some old, some new, some ornate, some naïve". Many of the murals feature the date 1690, in relation to the Battle of the Boyne.

Banners and other depictions are also displayed and paraded during celebrations and marches marking the date of the Battle, 12 July, by Unionists. In Northern Ireland the celebrations feature Orange Order marches. His image is also featured on drums and the insignia of the Orangemen. These July celebrations have also historically taken place in parts of Scotland and Canada. Other days celebrated by Irish protestants in memory of William were his birthday on 4 November, the date of his landing in England, and his victory at the Battle of Aughrim on 1 July.

Literature
Marjorie Bowen wrote three historical novels about William's life. They are I Will Maintain (1910), Defender of the Faith (1911), and God and the King (1911).

Film
William III of England has been played on screen by:
 Bernard Lee in the 1937 film The Black Tulip, based on the novel by Alexandre Dumas, père
 Henry Daniell in the 1945 film Captain Kidd
 Olaf Hytten in the 1952 film Against All Flags
 Thom Hoffman in the 1992 film Orlando, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf
 Corin Redgrave in the 1995 film England, My England, the story of the composer Henry Purcell
 Bernard Hill in the 2005 film The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse
 Egbert-Jan Weber in the 2015 film Michiel de Ruyter

Television
Alan Rowe in the 1969 BBC drama series The First Churchills.
Laurence Olivier in the 1986 NBC TV mini-series Peter the Great.
Jochum ten Haaf in the 2003 BBC miniseries Charles II: The Power & the Passion.
George Webster in Versailles (2015).

Theatre

 Carl Prekopp in the 2015 premiere of the play Queen Anne by the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford-upon-Avon.

References

Cultural depictions of English kings
Cultural depictions of Scottish kings


The 309th Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit, last based at Chièvres Air Base, Belgium and assigned to the 86th Airlift Wing at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.  It operated a single C-37 aircraft providing executive airlift for NATO.

History

World War II

Established in early 1942 as a Douglas C-47 Skytrain transport squadron under First Air Force, later trained under I Troop Carrier Command in the eastern United States. Deployed to England in December 1942, being assigned to VIII Air Support Command, Eighth Air Force to provide transport and resupply support to the buildup of the heavy bomber force in England.

Was detached to Twelfth Air Force in Algeria in May 1943 to provide air resupply and transport during the North African Campaign in Algeria and Tunisia.  Also performed combat casualty evacuation of wounded personnel to rear areas.  Remained under jurisdiction of VIII ASC while in North Africa, providing transport between England and North Africa from its base in Algeria.   Returned to England in early 1944 to participate in the buildup of forces prior to the Allied landings in France during D-Day in June 1944.

Engaged in combat operations by dropping paratroops into Normandy on D-Day (6 June 1944) and releasing gliders with reinforcements on the following day. The unit received a Distinguished Unit Citation and a French citation for these missions.

After the Normandy invasion the squadron ferried supplies in the United Kingdom.  The squadron also hauled food, clothing, medicine, gasoline, ordnance equipment, and other supplies to the front lines and evacuated patients to rear zone hospitals.  It dropped paratroops near Nijmegen and towed gliders carrying reinforcements during the airborne attack on the Netherlands. In December, it participated in the Battle of the Bulge by releasing gliders with supplies for the 101st Airborne Division near Bastogne.

Moved to Belgium in early 1945, and participated in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, participating in the air assault across the Rhine River in March 1945, each aircraft towed two gliders with troops of the 17th Airborne Division and released them near Wesel.

In late May 1945, after V-E Day, the squadron was moved to Waller Field, Trinidad and attached to Air Transport Command.   From Trinidad, the squadron ferried returning military personnel to Morrison Field, Florida, where they were sent on to other bases or prepared for separation after the war.   Inactivated at the end of July 1945.

Reserve troop carrier
Reactivated in 1949 as a reserve troop carrier squadron as part of Tactical Air Command.  Equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commandoes.  activated during the Korean War and became a training unit for crews flying Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar assault transports in South Korea.  Inactivated in 1953 after federalized activation period ended.  Reactivated a year later operating variety of rotary wing helicopters. Provided helicopter support for atomic weapons tests on Bikini in the Eniwetok Atoll, February–June 1956. Inactivated and replaced by the 21st Helicopter Squadron, which took over its personnel and Piasecki H-21 Workhorse helicopters.

Vietnam War

Reactivated again in 1963 at Pope AFB as a Fairchild C-123 Provider combat resupply squadron, used in remote combat airfield resupply and casualty evacuation of ground forces.  Deployed to South Vietnam after training and operated under 2d Air Division, Pacific Air Forces to support advisory units, primarily in Mule Train combat cargo missions in South Vietnam to support special forces (Air Commandos) in the early stages of US Involvement in the Vietnam War. Re-designated an Air Commando squadron in 1965 under Seventh Air Force, engaged in special operations and tactical airlift during 1965–1970 based at Phan Rang Air Base flying intratheater combat cargo and troop carrier missions. Inactivated as part of the Vietnamization withdrawal process in 1970.

Special airlift
Reactivated in 2002 as a support transport squadron providing executive airlift support for Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), and Commander United States Air Forces in Europe (COMUSAFE). The 309th Airlift Squadron was inactivated on 5 October 2012. The 424th Air Base Squadron was activated at Chièvres Air Base the next week, on 12 October 2012.

Operations and decorations
 Combat Operations.  Aerial transportation in European Theater of Operations (ETO) of materiel, equipment, and troops, including airborne assaults on Normandy, the Netherlands, and Germany, 6 June 1944 – May 1945. Flew intratheater combat cargo and troop carrier missions in Southeast Asia, 1 July 1963 – 26 June 1970.
 Campaigns. World War II: Normandy; Northern France; Rhineland; Central Europe. Vietnam: Vietnam Advisory; Vietnam Defensive; Vietnam Air; Vietnam Air Offensive; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase II; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase III; Vietnam Air/Ground; Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase IV; TET 69/Counteroffensive; Vietnam Summer-Fall; Vietnam Winter-Spring; Sanctuary Counteroffensive.
 Decorations. Distinguished Unit Citations: France [6] Jun 1944. Presidential Unit Citations: Southeast Asia, 21 Jan-12 May 1968; Southeast Asia, 1 Apr-30 Jun 1970. Navy Presidential Unit Citation: Vietnam, 20 Jan-31 Mar 1968. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards with Combat "V" Device: 1 May 1963 – 30 April 1965; 30 Jun-9 Jul 1965; 15 October 1966 – 30 April 1967; 10 Jun-31 Dec 1967; 15 July 1968 – 30 June 1969; 15 January 2004 – 31 October 2005. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: [12 Mar]-31 Dec 2002; 1 November 2005 – 31 December 2006; 1 Jan-31 Dec 2007. Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 29 June 1966 – 31 July 1970.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 309th Troop Carrier Squadron on 25 May 1943
 Activated on 1 October 1943
 Inactivated on 31 July 1945
 Redesignated 309th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 10 May 1949
 Activated in the reserve on 27 June 1949
 Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 1 February 1953
 Redesignated 309th Troop Carrier Squadron, Assault, Rotary Wing on 12 August 1954
 Activated on 8 October 1954
 Inactivated on 9 July 1956
 Redesignated 309th Troop Carrier Squadron, Assault
 Activated on 18 March 1963 (not organized)
 Organized on 1 April 1963
 Redesignated 309th Air Commando Squadron, Troop Carrier on 8 March 1965
 Redesignated 309th Air Commando Squadron, Tactical Airlift on 1 August 1967
 Redesignated 309th Special Operations Squadron on 1 August 1968
 Redesignated 309th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 January 1970
 Inactivated on 31 July 1970
 Redesignated 309th Airlift Squadron on 10 February 2002
 Activated on 12 March 2002
 Inactivated on 5 October 2012

Assignments
 443d Troop Carrier Group, 1 October 1943
 I Troop Carrier Command, 15 February 1944
 Eighth Air Force, 21 April 1944
 315th Troop Carrier Group, 26 April 1944 – 31 July 1945
 443d Troop Carrier Group, 27 June 1949 – 1 February 1953
 Eighteenth Air Force (attached to 63d Troop Carrier Wing), 8 October 1954 – 9 July 1956
 Tactical Air Command, 18 March 1963 (not organized)
 Ninth Air Force (attached to 464th Troop Carrier Wing), 1 April 1963
 Pacific Air Forces, June 1963
 315th Troop Carrier Group (later 315th Air Commando Group), 1 July 1963
 315th Air Commando Wing (later 315th Special Operations Wing, 315th Tactical Airlift Wing), 8 March 1966 – 31 July 1970
 86th Operations Group, 12 March 2002 – 5 October 2012

Stations

 Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 1 October 1943
 Alliance Army Air Field, Nebraska, 19 January 1944
 Camp Mackall Army Air Field, North Carolina, 8 March – 21 April 1944
 RAF Spanhoe (AAF-493), England, 21 April 1944
 Amiens Airfield (B-48), France, 6 April – May 1945
 Waller Field, Trinidad, May – 31 July 1945

 Hensley Field, Texas, 27 June 1949
 Donaldson Air Force Base, South Carolina, 9 August 1951 – 1 February 1953
 Donaldson Air Force Base, South Carolina, 8 October 1954 – 9 July 1956
 Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, 1 April – 1 July 1963
 Tan Son Nhut Airport, South Vietnam, 1 July 1963
 Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam, 7 July 1967 – 31 July 1970
 Chièvres Air Base, Belgium, 12 March 2002 – 5 October 2012

Aircraft

 Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper (1943)
 Douglas C-53 Skytrooper (1943–1944)
 Douglas C-47 Skytrain (1944–1945)
 Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1944–1945)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1945, 1951–1952)
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1952–1953)
 Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw (1954–1956)
 Piasecki H-21 (1956)
 Fairchild C-123 Provider (1963–1970)
 Gulfstream C-37A Gulfstream V (2002–2012)

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

309


Courcelles-sous-Thoix (, literally Courcelles under Thoix; ) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

Geography
The commune is situated on the D100 road, some  southwest of Amiens.

Places of interest
 The château des Alleux, in Louis XIII style. Now a hotel.

Population

See also
 Communes of the Somme department

References

Communes of Somme (department)


Babeyevo may refer to:
Babeyevo, Republic of Mordovia, a village (selo) in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia
Babeyevo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pskov Oblast, Russia
Babeyevo, name of several other rural localities in Russia


"Your Love Is A Lie" is the second single by Canadian rock band Simple Plan from their third album Simple Plan.

Background
The song's chord progressions are similar to Green Day's "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" and Oasis' "Wonderwall".

Music video
The band flew to Los Angeles to shoot the music video on March 6. The video was directed/produced by Wayne Isham.

The video is a straightforward representation of the song. It intersperses shots of the band playing (later in the video, amid wind-blown blossoms) with shots of Pierre Bouvier's girlfriend, meeting (and having sex) with another man, while Bouvier, betrayed by the woman, waits in agony in his apartment. His apartment has a view of the man's apartment, with a clear view of a bedroom's window, where he sees them have sex.

Live performances
The song was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
2000s ballads
Simple Plan songs
Songs written by Pierre Bouvier
Songs written by Chuck Comeau
Songs written by Arnold Lanni
Song recordings produced by Danja (record producer)
Music videos directed by Wayne Isham
Rock ballads


"Alla flickor" ("All the girls") is a 2005 single from Swedish pop singer Linda Bengtzing released after her participation at Melodifestivalen 2005 during the first quarter of 2005. At Svensktoppen, the song stayed for eight weeks during the time 1 May 2005 – 26 June 2005, peaking at number seven. The song also peaked at number eight on the Swedish Singles Chart.

The song was originally recorded by Pernilla Wahlgren, who showed interest in performing this at Melodifestivalen, however, the artist director, Christer Björkman, required a younger singer, therefore Bengtzing was selected. Later, Lotta Engberg was intended to perform the song, until Edward af Sillén claimed that Lotta Engberg (born 5 March 1963) by 2005 no longer could be considered a "girl".

Controversial spoof video

The song caused some controversy on website YouTube where a spoof video had been uploaded featuring footage of Nazi Germany synchronized with the song's lyrics, implying it was Adolf Hitler who gave "all girls" what they wanted. Linda Bengtzing, who initially had been unaware of the video's existence, found it to be in very bad taste, denied anything to do with the video, and denied the lyrics of the track (which are very typical schlager lyrics) had anything to do with Hitler or the Nazis. This video was removed from YouTube, which has been reposted and removed several times after being reported.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

See also
 Melodifestivalen 2005

References

Melodifestivalen songs of 2005
Songs written by Tobias Lundgren
Songs written by Tim Larsson
Songs written by Johan Fransson (songwriter)
Linda Bengtzing songs
Songs written by Niklas Edberger
Swedish-language songs
2005 songs
2005 singles


was a Japanese Nihonga painter from Takatō, Nagano. He was a pupil of Seison Maeda.

Ezaki was also engaged in films as an art director and costume designer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design for his work in Akira Kurosawa's film Seven Samurai (1954).

References

External links

Japanese costume designers
1904 births
1963 deaths
People from Nagano Prefecture
20th-century Japanese painters


Philadelphia consistently ranks above the national average in terms of crime, especially violent offenses. It has the highest violent crime rate of the Top 10 American cities with a population greater than 1 million residents as well as the highest poverty rate among these cities. It has been included in real estate analytics company NeighborhoodScout's "Top 100 Most Dangerous Cities in America" list every year since it has been compiled. Much of the crime is concentrated in the North, West, and Southwest sections of the city. The deadliest year in Philadelphia was 2021 with 562 murders.

The legal entities responsible for maintaining law and order are:
The Philadelphia Police Department (PPD) is the police department.
The Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (1st Judicial Circuit) is the state trial court.
The Philadelphia District Attorney is the district attorney.
The Defender Association of Philadelphia is the government-funded independent public defender office.

Notable cases and incidents
 Philadelphia Election Riot (1742)
 Lombard Street Riot (1842) – Three-day race riot.
 Philadelphia Nativist Riots (1844)
 The Schuylkill Rangers – (mid-1800s) criminal gang – see Jimmy Haggerty
 Kidnapping of Charley Ross (1874).
 Race riots in Philadelphia during the 1919 Red Summer (1919) - Incidents in May and July. 5 dead.
 Willie Sutton "The Robin Hood of Brooklyn" (1930–1950s) – Robbed most Philadelphia Banks, some twice, captured and tunneled out of Eastern State Penitentiary was recaptured and sent to Holmesburg Prison which he subsequently escaped from by ladder.
 Philadelphia Poison Ring (1938) – At least 70 people poisoned with arsenic, several by their wives.
 Philadelphia 1964 race riot (1964)
 Marie Noe (1949–1968) – Murdered eight of her children.
 Jospeph Augustus Zarelli (1957) – Four-year-old boy found dead in a cardboard box.
 Dolores Della Penna – 1972 abduction and dismemberment of Tacony teenager remains unsolved.
 Carl Gugasian – "The Friday Night Bank Robber" (1972-2002) – Perhaps the most successful in American history – robbed banks up and down the east coast.
 Joseph Kallinger – Schizophrenic Serial Murderer. (1974–75)
 Ira Einhorn, "The Unicorn Killer" (1977) – Popular counterculture figure killed his girlfriend and hid her body in his closet.
 Ed Savitz (1975–1992) – Sexual predator thought to have abused hundreds of teenage boys.
 Mumia Abu-Jamal (1981) – Convicted for the murder of PPD officer Daniel Faulkner in 1981.
 Joseph Kindler – Serial burglar convicted of 1982 murder, sentenced to death, escaped prison twice, extradited from Canada.
 MOVE (1978,1985) – Activist group which was harassed by the PPD, resulting in the police's purposeful destruction of 65 homes along with 11 deaths in Cobb's Creek neighborhood.
 Abscam- Several Philadelphia/Delaware valley politicians taken down in FBI investigation, videotaped accepting bribes from an Arabian company in exchange for political favors.
 Frankford Slasher (1985–1990) – Thought to have killed several women. Never caught, though a prime suspect referred to only as 'The Minister' was known to police.
 Gary M. Heidnik (1986–1987) – Kidnapped, imprisoned, raped, and tortured six women, two of whom he murdered.
 Harrison Graham (1986–1987) – Killed seven women.
 Raymond Carter (1988) – Convicted of killing Robert "Puppet" Harris; verdict overturned in 1996 due to likelihood of false testimony.
 39th District corruption scandal (1990s) – Police corruption which led to the overturning of 160–300 cases and release of 100 prisoners.
 Eddie Polec murder case (1994)
 Troy Graves "Center City Rapist" (1997–1999) – Committed five rapes and one murder
 Lex Street Massacre (Dec. 28th, 2000) – 7 people were murdered in a crack house.
 Murder of Jason Sweeney (2003) – 16 year old murdered by his friends for his paycheck.
 City Hall corruption scandal (2003–05) – mayor's office bugged by FBI, several convictions resulting.
 Tainted Justice- A group of officers from the police department's narcotics unit illegally raided homes and stores in inner city neighborhoods during drug investigations and engaged in illegal activity such as groping women, taking money from cash registers and knocking out store security cameras.
 Kermit Gosnell (?–2010) – Abortion doctor convicted of killing newborns.
 Earl Bradley (?–2010) – Pediatrician charged with hundreds of sex crimes against children.
 Philadelphia basement kidnapping, October 2011, an ongoing investigation into alleged kidnapping of four mentally disabled adults, who were held in a Northeast Philadelphia basement.
 2019 Philadelphia Packer Marine Terminal cocaine seizure

Homicides

Organized crime
 Philadelphia crime family – An Italian American group based in South Philadelphia as well as cities in New Jersey such as Atlantic City and Newark; largest organized crime unit in the area.
 K&A Gang – Based in Kensington, Philadelphia. One of the largest Irish American gangs in the country.
 Philadelphia Greek Mob
 Black Mafia and Junior Black Mafia – An African-American group based in West Philadelphia.
 Warlocks Motorcycle Club – A motorcycle club involved in drug dealing

Documentaries
 Law and Disorder in Philadelphia, 2008
 The Fear of 13, 2015

See also
 Crime in Pennsylvania
 Crime in the United States
 H. H. Holmes – Early American serial killer, brought to justice by a Philadelphia detective.
 On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City – non-fiction book by sociologist Alice Goffman
 Vidocq Society – Local crime-solving club

References

Further reading

External links
 Down With Crime a project of The Philadelphia Inquirer.

Philadelphia
Philadelphia


The Southeastern New England AVA is an American Viticultural Area that includes portions of thirteen counties in three New England states: Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.  The boundaries of the wine appellation include parts of New Haven, New London, and Middlesex counties in Connecticut; Bristol, Newport, Providence, and Washington counties in Rhode Island; and Barnstable, Bristol, Dukes, Nantucket, Norfolk, and Plymouth counties in Massachusetts.  The area stretches from just south of Boston, Massachusetts in the east to New London, Connecticut in the west, and includes all of the coastal islands and coastal plain within  of Long Island Sound, Cape Cod, or Massachusetts Bay.

The climate in the area is heavily influenced by the nearby presence of the oceanic waters, which moderate the range of temperatures in the vineyards.  Most vintners in the area have had the best success with cold-climate Vitis vinifera and French hybrid grape varietals. The region is located in hardiness zones 7a and 6b, with 7b found in Chatham on Cape Cod and areas of the north and east coasts of Nantucket.

References

American Viticultural Areas
Geography of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Geography of Bristol County, Massachusetts
Geography of Bristol County, Rhode Island
Connecticut wine
Geography of Dukes County, Massachusetts
Massachusetts wine
Geography of Middlesex County, Connecticut
Geography of Nantucket, Massachusetts
New England
Geography of New Haven County, Connecticut
Geography of New London County, Connecticut
Geography of Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Geography of Newport County, Rhode Island
Geography of Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Geography of Providence County, Rhode Island
Rhode Island wine
Geography of Washington County, Rhode Island


Bolotnikovo may refer to:

 Bolotnikovo, Republic of Mordovia, a village (selo) in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia
 Bolotnikovo, name of several other rural localities in Russia

See also
 Bolotnik


Radio y Televisión de Andalucía (RTVA) is the public radio and television broadcaster of the Spanish Autonomous Community of  Andalusia.

About RTVA
Radio y Television de Andalucia (RTVA) is a provider of radio and TV in the south of Spain. It is a corporate public agency belonging to the Autonomous Government of Andalusia. Its origins go back to 1988 and 1989, when Canal Sur Radio and Canal Sur Televisión started broadcasting.

RTVA began satellite broadcasting in February 1996.

New stations were launched between 1996 and 1998, including Canal 2 Andalucía (now named Canal Sur 2), the second terrestrial television channel; Andalucía Televisión (trademark name of the satellite broadcasting), Radio Andalucía Información, Canal Fiesta Radio and the Fundación Audiovisual de Andalucía.

In December 2021, RTVA began to operate 'CanalSurMás' (a streaming video on demand platform) in testing mode.

Broadcasting

Television

The international channel of Canal Sur Television is available through the Internet and various satellites and payment platforms in Spain and Europe.

Radio
 (October 1988)
 (September 1998)
 (January 2001)
 (September 2008)

References

External links

RTVA website

Mass media in Andalusia
Spanish radio networks
Television networks in Spain
FORTA
Publicly funded broadcasters
State media
Television channels and stations established in 1988
Mass media companies established in 1988
1988 establishments in Spain


John David Provoo (August 6, 1917 – August 28, 2001) was United States Army staff sergeant and practicing Buddhist who was convicted of treason for his conduct as a Japanese prisoner of war during World War II. His conviction was later overturned on a technicality, and he became a Buddhist priest.

Childhood
Provoo was born in San Francisco, California, on August 6, 1917. He began to practise Buddhism as a teenager, and became a strict adherent. His brother George recalled how he would stand at the kitchen sink saving ants from drowning, in accordance with the Buddhist principle of the sanctity of life. He also began studying the Japanese language around that time, with a Buddhist priest as his teacher. He worked for a time in a federal bank in San Francisco, and in 1940 moved to Japan to study in a Buddhist monastery near Tokyo.

World War II
When the United States entered World War II, Provoo returned to the United States and enlisted in the United States Army. He was sent to the Philippines, where he worked as a G-2 clerk at the army headquarters in Manila. His Japanese language skills won him consideration for the Counter Intelligence Corps, but he was rejected because a background check led officials to suspect he might be homosexual and the time he had spent in Japan made them question his loyalty. He was captured by Japanese forces in the Battle of Corregidor in 1942 and made a prisoner of war.

According to his fellow prisoners, Provoo used his fluent Japanese to rise to a position of power in the POW camp and he abused his fellow prisoners to gain additional privileges from the Japanese. In accounts that vary in their details, Provoo shot an army captain named Burton C. Thomson, a veterinarian stationed on Corregidor, or reported him to Japanese troops who shot him. One American prisoner stated that Thomson had provoked Provoo by responding to his demand that he bring him some food with a comment to the effect that the next time he saw Provoo, he would kick him so hard that he could taste his boot. Another said Thomson had refused Provoo's demand to move American prisoners out of hospital beds to make room for Japanese troops. One POW wrote in his memoirs that Provoo was so hated by his fellow prisoners that one had tried to kill him by putting ground glass in his food, and that Provoo later threatened to kill a colonel named Cooper. The diaries of Frank Fujita, one of the few Japanese American soldiers captured by the Japanese during World War II, placed Provoo on Taiwan and then at Camp Omori, a Tokyo Bay facility that housed prisoners making propaganda broadcasts for the Japanese.

After the war, Provoo was arrested, but then released in 1946 after eight months of investigation which concluded that there was no evidence he had collaborated with the Japanese. He re-enlisted in the army six weeks later.

Re-arrest and trial
Provoo had a difficult time in the Army. He was placed in Army stockades twice and hospitalized under restraints once. In 1949, the Army planned to court martial him for homosexuality, but instead made an arrangement with the U.S. Justice Department, which wanted to prosecute Provoo for treason, that they arrange for him to be discharged in New York, where the government thought it had a better chance of winning a conviction. The Army transferred Provoo under guard to Fort Jay on Governors Island, New York, and there he was dishonorably discharged from the Army on September 2, 1949. An hour after his release, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested him and charged him with treason. The story made the front page of the New York Times the following day. His trial was initially scheduled to begin in January 1950, but it was repeatedly delayed as the government sought to gather more witnesses and at one point in 1951 by Provoo's commitment to the Bellevue Hospital Center for psychiatric evaluation at the request of the prosecution.

His trial finally began on October 27, 1952. General Jonathan Wainwright testified for the defense in the trial's seventh week. He testified that he had never met Provoo nor heard any reports about him during the war, but described his experiences in Japanese POW camps, including the fact that he performed manual labor as the Japanese ordered. Lawyers had to shout their questions at him, as his exposure to loud shell bursts during the war had left him with a severe hearing impairment. The government called 34 witnesses, including 20 who traveled to New York from Japan to testify. Provoo was represented by unpaid court-appointed counsel. The defense called 35 witnesses. Provoo testified on his own behalf. When cross examined, he was asked to explain why, after re-enlisting, he had been imprisoned or hospitalized by the Army on various occasions. When the prosecutor asked, "Now, Mr. Provoo, isn't it a fact that in November 1946 you were hospitalized at Camp Lee, Virginia, because of homosexual aberrations?", Provoo's counsel asked for a mistrial without success. The prosecutor, over the objections of Provoo's counsel, continued the line of questioning, filling 200 pages of the court transcript.

After a fifteen-week trial, on February 11, 1953, the jury found Provoo guilty on charges of offering his services to the Japanese Army, helping to cause the execution of a fellow prisoner, and making two propaganda broadcasts on behalf of the Japanese. He was the eighth U.S. citizen convicted of treason after World War II, and only the second whose conviction related to actions during imprisonment in a POW camp. When his sentence was announced the following week, the court spared him from execution on grounds of his emotional instability and sentenced him to life imprisonment and a $10,000 fine. In total, the costs of Provoo's trial were estimated at $1 million.

On August 27, 1954, a unanimous three-judge panel of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned his conviction on the grounds that the cross-examination about his alleged homosexuality had prejudiced the jury and the venue was improper. Judge Thomas Walter Swan wrote:

Of the government's argument that the questioning was a legitimate way of testing Provoo's veracity, he wrote:

The court also ruled that the Army had improperly brought Provoo to New York for discharge only so he could be arrested and charged there, when he should have been discharged, arrested, and tried in Maryland.

Because the sixty-nine witnesses at Provoo's trial had been scattered all over the country and General Wainright had died, the Department of Justice doubted that Provoo could be retried. He was indicted again by a federal grand jury in Maryland on October 27, 1954, but U.S. District Court Judge Roszel C. Thomsen dismissed the case in March 1955, stating that Provoo's right to a speedy trial under 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution had been abrogated. The court noted that Provoo had spent five years in prison and that the government was responsible for much of the delay and for the fact that the New York conviction had been overturned. The court cited documents that had become part of the record showing that the government had brought the case in New York because they thought they had a greater chance of winning a conviction there. The prosecution asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case, but that court upheld the lower court's ruling in a per curiam ruling without recorded dissent on October 17, 1955.

Later years
Provoo found it difficult to recover from being tried for treason. He said it felt like "towing a shipwreck" behind him. He settled in Baltimore, but had trouble holding down a job because of the publicity which had surrounded his trial. His wife divorced him. In September 1957, he was arrested in Lincoln, Nebraska, and pleaded guilty to a charge of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, a 16-year-old runaway boy from Maryland. He was sentenced on August 29, 1958, to three years in the men's reformatory.

After his release from prison, Provoo went to Japan to resume his Buddhist studies. At the Nichiren-shū Buddhist School, he was promoted to a high position, roughly equivalent to that of bishop in the Catholic Church. He returned to the United States to teach Buddhism, hoping to allow others to learn without having to relocate and learn Japanese as he had. In 1967 he settled on the island of Oahu where he led a Buddhist group. He later led a Buddhist group near the town of Pahoa on the Island of Hawaii. He also started up the non-profit Buddhist School of America. He built a small temple and some cabins. He lived there and usually had a few students living with him. As a Buddhist teacher, he went by the Buddhist name "Nichijo Shaka". He had earned the honorific titles "Reverend" and "Bishop" but preferred to be called "Nichijo". He occasionally conducted religious services for people in the community and received people for counseling.

He died at Hilo Medical Center on August 28, 2001. His ashes were buried at the Hawaii Veteran's Cemetery No. 2.

References

Further reading
 John Oliver and Nichijo Shaka [John David Provoo], Nichijo: The Testimony of John Provoo (2014), ,  available online
 Barak Kushner, "Treacherous Allies: The Cold War in East Asia and American Postwar Anxiety", Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 45, No. 4 (October 2010), pp. 812–843, available online, accessed April 18, 2015

External links
 United States v. Provoo, Second Circuit Court of Appeals, August 27, 1954, accessed April 16, 2015
 Photo, "Treason Conviction of Provoo is Upset", New York Times, August 28, 1954

1917 births
2001 deaths
American Buddhists
American expatriates in Japan
American collaborators with Imperial Japan
American people convicted of war crimes
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American prisoners of war in World War II
United States Army personnel of World War II
People from San Francisco
World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
Overturned convictions in the United States
Nichiren Buddhists
United States Army soldiers
People convicted of treason against the United States
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government


Freund Publishing House is an academic publisher of books and scientific journals.

External links

Publishing companies of Israel
Academic publishing companies
Book publishing companies of Israel


Tadaoto Kainosho (December 23, 1894 – June 16, 1978) was a Japanese actor and costume designer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design for his work in the jidaigeki film Ugetsu (1953).

References

External links

Japanese costume designers
1894 births
1978 deaths


Pete Briggs (born 1904, date of death unknown) was an American jazz bass and tuba player.

Briggs was born in Charleston, South Carolina and was related to bandleader Arthur Briggs. He first played professionally in the early 1920s with the Jim Jam Jazzers, and soon after played with the Lucky Boy Minstrels. In 1926 he moved to Chicago, playing with Carroll Dickerson, Jimmie Noone, and Louis Armstrong, with whom he recorded copiously. Briggs appears on many of the Hot Seven recordings made with Armstrong and his band.

In 1929, Briggs went to New York City, playing there with Armstrong and Dickerson. He joined the Edgar Hayes Orchestra and the Vernon Andrade Orchestra in the 1930s. In the 1940s he played with Herman Autrey in Philadelphia. However, by the latter half of the decade, Briggs had given up music and become a farmer. His date of death is unknown.

References
[ Pete Briggs] at Allmusic

Musicians from South Carolina
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
American jazz tubists
American male jazz musicians
1904 births
Year of death missing
20th-century American farmers
Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven members


RTVA may refer to the following:
 Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra, the public service broadcaster of the Principality of Andorra
 Radio y Televisión de Andalucía, the public service broadcaster of Andalucía, Spain


Blambot is the name of an online type foundry and is the alias of typographer Nate Piekos. Blambot specializes in typefaces for use as lettering in both print and online comics. Blambot has provided lettering and design for virtually every major publisher including Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Dark Horse Comics, Image Comics, Oni Press, and more. Blambot's designs have been licensed for video games, movies, advertising, and product packaging for companies like Microsoft, Six Flags Amusement Parks, Charles Schulz & Associates, New Yorker Magazine, The Gap, Penguin Random House, and Sony.

Blambot specialises in logo design, lettering, and custom typefaces, as well as fonts.

References

External links
 Blambot.com – Official site

Comic book letterers
Independent type foundries


Comicraft is a company which provides graphic design and lettering services to various (primarily comic book) companies.

History
The company was founded by Richard Starkings in 1992. Starkings had been working for Marvel UK for five years, but left London for New York, circa 1990. Lettering large numbers of pages overnight for Marvel editor Gregory Wright, Starkings decided to move away from the New York Marvel offices to California, partly hoping that the increased distance would mean increased deadlines. A year later, Starkings (now based in Los Angeles) was asked to letter issues of Marvel's premier title Uncanny X-Men.

Unable to meet the deadlines of then-editor Bob Harras, he considered faster methods of lettering, and turned to computers. Digitizing his lettering in readiness, and joining with designer John Roshell, Starkings unwittingly found that the formation of Image Comics created a perfect opportunity for his innovative lettering practices. The 'superstar artist' status of the Image founders, and the money they were able spend on production allowed Image to attract letterers from DC and Marvel, creating a vacuum made all the more stark by the concurrent comics boom inspiring companies to increase output. Although meeting resistance in some quarters (most famously from Harras at Marvel), the higher-paychecks offered by Image allowed some letterers to produce less work, further snow-balling the demand for Starkings' services.

For a name Starkings recalled a friend's carpentry business being called "Proudcraft", and the two settled on Comicraft. Overcoming the reluctance of the comics industry with such titles as Ghost Rider 2099, Astro City and Generation X, although unable to challenge the legendary Todd Klein for the "Lettering" title, Starkings and Comicraft nevertheless managed to win an Eisner Award in 1994, for "Best Publication Design" for Busiek and Ross' Marvels. The Comics Buyer's Guide and Wizard: The Comics Magazine also went against the Eisners, and named Comicraft the best letterer for 3 and 7 years in a row respectively.

Active Images
A sub-company, "Active Images" was initiated in 1995 as an online arm initially to "make Comicraft's library of comic book fonts commercially available", but in 2002 its role was expanded into the world of publishing. Active Images publishes, among other titles, Richard Starkings' own comics Hip Flask and Elephantmen.

Clients
Comicraft's work and fonts have appeared in hundreds of products produced and distributed by all four of the major American comics companies: DC Comics, Marvel Comics, Dark Horse Comics and Image Comics; as well as for magazines and books produced by Active Images, Mad Magazine, Nickelodeon Magazine, Scholastic and Titan Books.

Many of the company's fonts, created by Starkings and designer Roshell are commercially available to individuals and institutions as software applications through the Active Images publishing company via their website, ComicBookFonts.com.

Bibliography (selected)
Comicraft has produced a 64-page book detailing the basics of lettering comics:
Comic Book Lettering: The Comicraft Way

Comics and books either lettered by, or featuring fonts created by, Starkings/Comicraft include:
Batman: The Killing Joke (DC) (By Alan Moore and Brian Bolland) — hand-lettered by Starkings pre-Comicraft, when he was still in England.
Spider-Man Blue (Marvel) (By Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale)
Marvels (Marvel) (By Kurt Busiek and Alex Ross)
Astro City (WildStorm) (By Kurt Busiek, Brent Anderson and Alex Ross)
Battle Chasers (WildStorm/Image) (By Joe Madureira)
Danger Girl (WildStorm) (By J. Scott Campbell)
Batman: Hush (DC) (By Jeph Loeb and Jim Lee)
Superman For All Seasons (DC) (By Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale)

Almost every book published by MonkeyBrain features cover fonts licensed from Comicraft. These include:
Jess Nevins' Annotations on Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen; "Heroes & Monsters" and "A Blazing World"

Notes

References
 Ihnatko, Andy. "Web Can be Font of All Fonts" Chicago Sun-Times (May 24, 2007).
 Benjamin Ong Pang Kean. "The Starkings Way: Talking Letters & Fonts with Richard Starkings" (April 15, 2005).
 Thomas, Michael. "The Invisible Art in Plain Sight: A Look at the Art of Lettering" (June 9, 2000).

External links

ComicBookFonts

Comic book letterers
Graphic design studios
Comics studios
Typesetting
Companies based in Los Angeles
Design companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in California


Gerlind Cornell Borchers (16 March 1925 – 12 May 2014) was a Lithuanian-German actress and singer, active in the late 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for her roles opposite Montgomery Clift in The Big Lift (1950) and Errol Flynn and Nat King Cole in Istanbul (1957). She was said to resemble Ingrid Bergman in mid-1950s reviews.

Biography
Borchers was born in Šilutė (German: Heydekrug), Klaipėda Region (German: Memelland), Lithuania in a German either Prussian Lithuanian or Memellander family. She appeared on the cover of East German magazine Neue Film Welt of 1949, Volume 3, Issue 4. She won a BAFTA Film Award in the category of Best Foreign Actress in 1955 for the movie The Divided Heart (1954). She retired from acting at age 34 to raise her children.

She was married twice, first to Bruce Cunningham and then to Dr. Anton Schelkopf, a psychologist, physician and film producer, whom she first met when she starred in his films School for Marriage (1954) and Rot ist die Liebe (1957), by whom she had one daughter, Julia Borchers-Schelkopf, born in Munich, on 15 October 1962. She afterwards lived in Bavaria, Germany and died there in 2014.

Filmography
Anonymous Letters (1949) as Cornelia
Martina (1949) as Irene
Unknown Sender (1950) as Dr. Elisabeth Markert
 (1950) as Maria Mertens
The Big Lift (1950) as Frederica Burkhardt (also performer: "Vielleicht" and "In einem kleinen Café in Hernals")
The Lie (1950) as Ellen
The Deadly Dreams (1951) as Angelika/Inez/Lisette/Maria
 Immortal Light (1951) as Michèle Printemps
Das Ewige Spiel (1951) as Marie Campenhausen
Dark Eyes (1951) as Helene Samboni
Adventure in Vienna (1952) as Karin Manelli
House of Life (1952) as Dr. Elisabeth Keller
School for Marriage (1954) as Regine
Maxie (1954) as Nora
The Divided Heart (1954) as Inga
Oasis (1955) as Karine Salstroem
The Dark Wave (1956) as Herself
Never Say Goodbye (1956) as Lisa Gosting (also performer: "For the First Time")
Rot ist die Liebe (1957) as Rosemarie
Istanbul (1957) as Stephanie Bauer / Karen Fielding
Flood Tide (1958) as Anne Gordon
Arzt ohne Gewissen (1959) as Harriet Owen

References

External links

 Virtual History

1925 births
2014 deaths
20th-century German actresses
20th-century Lithuanian actresses
Best Foreign Actress BAFTA Award winners
German film actresses
German people of Lithuanian descent
Lithuanian film actresses
Lithuanian people of German descent
Naturalized citizens of Germany


Rudy Mbemba (born August 29, 1987 in Spånga, Sweden) is a Swedish professional basketball player. He is 1.83 m (6 ft) tall and 88 kg (195 pounds) in weight. He plays at the point guard position. He currently plays for Umeå BSKT  Umeå.

Professional career
In his pro career he has played with KFUM Söder, 08 Stockholm Human Rights and the Solna Vikings of the Swedish Basketball League, UB La Palma of the Spanish Second League, the Frankfurt Skyliners of the German Basketball League, Vanoli Gruppo Triboldi Soresina of the Italian Second League, and AEL 1964 GS of the HEBA A1 League.

Doping ban
In June 2014 Mbemba was handed a two-year doping sanction after several whereabouts failures. The ban ended 1 June 2016.

Notes

External links
FIBAEurope.com Player Profile
Draftexpress.com Player Profile
NBADraft.net Player Profile
Gruppotriboldibasket.it Player Profile

1987 births
Living people
A.E.L. 1964 B.C. players
Doping cases in basketball
Swedish men's basketball players
Swedish sportspeople in doping cases
Swedish expatriate basketball people in Germany
Swedish expatriate basketball people in Greece
Swedish expatriate basketball people in Italy
Swedish expatriate basketball people in Spain
Greek Basket League players
Vanoli Cremona players
08 Stockholm Human Rights players
Solna Vikings players
LF Basket Norrbotten players
UB La Palma players
Swedish people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Point guards