The N type carriages are an intercity passenger carriage used on the railways of Victoria, Australia. They were introduced between 1981 and 1984 as part of the 'New Deal' reforms of country passenger rail services. Today they are seen on both V/Line long distance InterCity services, and limited commuter services to Geelong.

The carriage sets have both first class 2+2 seating, and 2+3 economy seating. Snack bar facilities are also provided on board. Originally delivered as three-car sets, some sets were extended in length with S and Z type carriages.

Today the carriages are hauled by N class diesel locomotives. The carriages can use an external head end power supply for lighting and air conditioning operation. Each carriage has two swing doors per side, which were originally manually opened by passengers, but have since been converted to powered operation, and they are locked or unlocked by the conductor. Toilets, drinking fountains and luggage areas are provided throughout each carriage set.

History
The order for the N type carriages was placed in 1977 for 30 carriages (10 sets) for use on the Geelong line, with six cars added to the order in 1978 for the Ballarat line, due to a by-election in the city. Under the New Deal of 1981 the order was extended to 54 carriages, and then to 57 due to cost savings during construction. They were built between 1981 and 1984, based upon the structural design of the Victorian Z type carriages built between 1956 and 1960.

In 2007, V/Line commenced a refurbishment program for their existing H type carriages and Sprinter railcars, this program later being extended to the N type carriages. In October 2007, the first refurbished N type carriage was released into traffic with the new V/Line grey exterior livery, as well as updated interior curtains and seat fabrics.

As part of the Albury line upgrade some N carriages were converted to standard gauge. Three sets (consisting of 5 carriages and one power/luggage van) have already been formed, and they are named SN1, SN15 and SN16.

Services
N sets are used on lines including:
 the Gippsland line, to Bairnsdale
 the Bendigo line, to Swan Hill
 the Geelong line, to Geelong, South Geelong, Marshall and Warrnambool

Design
The design of the N-type carriages was based on the earlier Z-type ones, but with the benefit of thirty years of construction and design experience.

The first-class carriages were fitted with blue-wool seating and blue/grey carpets. The second-class carriages were furnished with orange seats and a russet (tan/brown) carpet. All materials were fire-retardant, and non-skid Pirelli flooring was fitted at the entrances and service areas; in blue to match the carpets in the first class areas, and in maroon for the second class areas. Following customer feedback, the seating arrangements in the economy cars were reorganised to place the centres of back-to-back seats in line with pillars between windows.

Two-stage air-conditioning was fitted for summer, and heating elements placed underneath the carpet for winter. Those systems, along with those for lighting and announcements, were powered by three-phase alternators, fixed to the underframe of each carriage. These required refuelling, but were cheaper and more reliable than the axle-driven generators used in most earlier vehicles.

One unisex toilet was provided at the west end of each carriage, along with hot water for each wash basin, fed from a 635-litre pressurised tank. The system met the Environmental Protection Agency's requirements as they existed in 1981.

Inter-carriage access diaphragms are constructed with rubber tubing, in place of the earlier method using canvas attached to steel frames. The doors for inter-carriage links were 3 ft (914mm) wide.

Bogies
The bogies for the new cars were a new design, specifically prepared by Vickers Ruwolt. The suspension was based on coil springs, with a secondary cast bolster with spring plank, supported on swing links and coil springs. Each bogie weighed 7000 kg, with a wheelbase of 2,445mm and a maximum axle load of 14 tonnes, and were designed for operation at up to 130 km/h. Tread brakes were fitted, operated by Westinghouse model 250WF brake cylinders. The axle boxes utilised spherical roller bearings, and all parts of the bogie, except the wheels and axles themselves, were designed for conversion to standard gauge. This latter function was finally used in 2009 when the Seymour to Albury line was converted to standard gauge.

Power supplies
The diesel alternator sets for the carriages provided 3-phase 415-volt alternating current power. Only 1 phase was required for operation, so the other two phases were available for backup or for load-sharing across other carriages - useful because the ACN and BN cars required 28 kW to operate and the BRN, with its additional functions, 40 kW. To accommodate the extra load, the ACN and BN were upgraded midway through construction to a 35kVA supply, and the programming reworked so that the BRN would not power adjacent cars. If all alternators were off, then the cars was able to take power from an external 240vAC power supply. Around the same time as these modifications were made, the alternator set supports were modified to reduce vibration, and the radiator fan motors' thermal overload switches were moved to reduce unnecessary tripping. At the end of the modifications, the system was organised so that in event of a power failure, the batteries mounted under the carriages would automatically reroute all power to the lights at the ends of the train to protect from oncoming traffic. Those lights could function for over ten hours, at the expense of air-conditioning and other functions. The first six cars had plastic fuel pipes near the alternator units, but that was changed from car 7 onwards.

Construction
The N type carriages were the first cars to be built at Newport Workshops in over 20 years. Each carriage took over 20 weeks to construct, with a rolling production line to give one new carriage off the assembly line every fortnight. Weeks 1 to 7 involved the general structure - welding the shell and the underframe together and attaching the ends. Following that, the electrical fitout took four weeks, and the bogies were fitted after Week 11. A mineral fibre insulation was sprayed on internal surfaces between weeks 12-14, and then the final six weeks the internal fibreglass ceiling and wall sheets were fitted, along with carpet, seats, lighting, doors and other components, with a one-week trial at the end. The cost was roughly $500,000 per carriage. The total build time added to 16,500 man-hours per carriage, against 32,000 for the earlier Z type carriages. Additionally, the carriages are between five and eight tonnes heavier than comparable designs overseas, partially due to their being a compromise between regional and commuter type vehicles. On the other hand, they cost a mere $13,000 per seat, against $47,000 per seat for the XPT carriages being built for New South Wales Railways around the same time.

The shells of the carriages were constructed with Lyten Steel, selected for its high strength and anti-corrosion properties. The paint used externally is identical to aircraft mixes, both in domestic and overseas application. It has been suggested that the orange scheme for VicRail was selected due to spare lots of paint available cheaply when Ansett Australia changed from its orange scheme, but this has not been proven.

The initial plan called for three-carriage sets of ACN-BN-BN, where the latter two cars in each set would be identical with second-class seating. By the time the New Deal was properly fleshed out other new carriages were deemed impractical, so after sets 1 through 6 had entered service, set 7 had the experimental BRN20 included in its consist with a modular buffet section. During the tests sets 8 and 9 entered service in the original configuration, then set 10 as ACN-BRN-BN, and sets 11 through 18 were constructed with two buffet cars; as they were released to service the most-recent of the ACN-BN-BN sets was recalled to Newport Workshops for a carriage swap, so that eventually all sets were of the ACN-BRN-BN configuration. (Set 19, added at the end of the project, was released as ACN-BRN-BN, just like set N10.)

Most carriages were fitted with automatic couplers with an implicit agreement that sets would not be separated; one of the sets in the mid-1930s had drawbars fitted between its three carriages experimentally. The automatic couplers were expected to be temporary, with scharfenberg couplers expected in June 1983 to replace them and the hard-wired electrical and pneumatic links between carriages. However, a derailment in late 2011 revealed that set SN1 on the standard gauge still had autocouplers between the carriages.

A snapshot of the production line timeline is available in Newsrail, September 1982, p. 197. It lists sets N1 through N9 complete, with the carriages forming N10 through N14 at various stages of construction and fit-out, and the frames of the 43rd carriage being welded together as of 28 July 1982.

Shell 19
Carriage shell number 19 was delayed in construction as it was selected for the trial buffet module equipment. As a result, car 20 became BN19, and car 19 entered service as BRN20. The car was also used to test alternative carriage side materials, such as corrugated stainless steel sheeting; this was eventually rejected and normal carriage side material was fitted in its place. A sketch of the proposal is provided in Newsrail, June 1982, p. 113.

The buffet modules, developed by Smallwood & Leibert, were intended to fit through the carriage doorways and then be assembled in situ. The new carriage design was tested on daily return trips from Melbourne to Bendigo, with additional runs to Albury and Gippsland before it officially entered service. In practice the module was too heavy for the carriage design and had to be modified, as the offset weight gave the body a lean of "almost three inches" - this was rectified by temporarily modifying the bogie spring layout. BRN29, the next of the type to enter service, was reorganised with the buffet on the north side of the car (following east and west end convention), and at the end of the project BRN20 was modified to match the standard of the rest of the fleet.

Scharfenberg couplers
As an experiment, BRN33 was fitted with scharfenberg coupler drawbars in lieu of normal automatic couplers during construction.

Details
N type carriages are individually numbered in the 1 to 57 series. Sets were issued to traffic with three types of carriage:
 ACN first class (2+2 seating, recline and rotate) with conductors van, 52 seats
 BRN economy class (2+3 seating, fixed) with snack bar, 67 seats
 BN economy class (2+3 seating, fixed), 88 seats

The BRN cars were a late addition to the concept, and the majority had their final two windows on the buffet side merely painted over. BRN cars 20, 47 and 52 are the only ones known to have been built without those two windows.

From 1995 surplus Z type carriages were upgraded to N type interiors, with the following codes but with their original Z type numbers:
 BZN economy class (2+3 seating, fixed) with disabled access and toilet, 72 seats
 BTN economy class (2+3 seating, fixed), 88 seats

In 2009 a new code was introduced in conjunction with the formation of 'pure' 5-car N sets for standard gauge use:
 BDN economy class (2+3 seating, fixed) with disabled access and toilet (interior similar to a BZN carriage), 72 seats.

In service

VicRail & V/Line Orange Era (1981-1995)
The first N sets introduced, N1 and N2, entered service on the Melbourne-bound train from South Geelong, at 6:50am on Monday October 5, 1981. The train split at Spencer Street station, with set N1 running to then from Horsham before forming an evening Geelong run, and set N2 running to Ballarat and return, then to South Geelong in the evening and shunting back to Geelong yard. On Saturday 10th one set ran to Spencer Street then formed a return Horsham (same as weekdays, excluding South Geelong), while the other set ran four return Geelong trips. On Sunday 11th both sets were coupled, for a Geelong to Spencer St run, then a return Bendigo and Swan Hill run, then back to Geelong. Set N3 entered service on one of the five Warrnambool/Ballarat/Shepparton rosters, replacing a set of cars CE-AS-BEa/c-BW; those cars were split, with the AS to a Gippsland set and the BEac to a Numurkah set. Set N4 then became the first "spare" N roster, available for service from 19 May 1982 if one of the other three was unable to run for any reason. The fifth set entered service on 19 June, running Tuesdays to Friday on the 7am from Ballarat to Spencer Street with the return departure at 5:58pm. The set also ran a Horsham 9:30am outbound, 4:15pm inbound on Saturdays, and joined the existing Horsham train for extra capacity on Sundays.

The plan as at early 1982 was for all 54 carriages (not yet 57) to be in service by the end of 1983, running services to Warrnambool, Horsham, Shepparton, Geelong and some Bendigo services. All other services were to be provided by the existing S, Z and airconditioned E carriages, plus interurban Comeng type trains running to Traralgon. All carriages were to be formed into semi-fixed 3 or 4-car sets, with schedules built around standard consists to keep runs fast and simple. Additionally, all sets were to include only one conductor/guard van, rather than one each end, to maximise capacity for length and weight of each train set. The roster at the time worked with fourteen interurban trains (plus four on the electrified eastern region), so that would allow enough N sets spare and in rostered maintenance.

As of June 1982, the roster included four N sets in service, N3 through N6, with one spare and one undergoing modifications. At the time, set N7 was due to be introduced on the Gippslander run to Bairnsdale on the week beginning 31 May; N8 and N9 had already entered service, and were stabled at Ballarat and Bendigo respectively, and had replaced CE-AS-BEac-BWL sets. The AS cars went to Ballarat Workshops for rebuilding, and the airconditioned BE cars replaced non-airconditioned cars in other sets. Further rebalancing of stock allowed the N sets to run on Dimboola trains, as accelerated schedules made return trips practical. The fleet roster at the time was expected to last at least until the end of October, at which point half of the N cars would have been delivered.

An excerpt of the roster "N9" (i.e. the 9th roster post New Deal) as printed in the September 1982 Newsrail is provided below (amended November 1982 p. 283), showing the N car runs. Aside from these seven entries, a further 30 runs were scheduled, most including at least one airconditioned carriage. "SSS" is shorthand for Spencer Street station, meaning the platforms and not indicating the shunt in or out of yards.

Roster N10 started 31 October 1982 with ten N sets in service, two with BRN buffet cars and eight all-sitting sets; of the latter, two were rostered as spares and six were in service. The buffet sets (N7 and N10) were rostered on the Warrnambool (1255 ex Spencer Street, returning 1600 in lieu of 1700 as above) and Horsham day return schedules, plus the 0835 and 1825 Saturday Warrnambool runs.

The additional ACN-BN-BN set ran the 0615 (formerly 0620) from South Geelong, going on to form the 0755 to Horsham; after returning to Melbourne it replaced the former 1315 railcar and trailer to Shepparton, as the new 1255 departure running parallel to the outbound Warrnambool. On Saturdays it ran the 0700 city to South Geelong, and on Sunday it ran to Numurkah. The 1740 to Geelong was downgraded to a non-airconditioned timber set, but the 1645 to South Geelong was increased to the 1605 from Bendigo (as above), plus the 1600 N set arrival from Warrnambool. While previously the 0824 double N set formed the Warrnambool and Shepparton services, these were retimed to 0835 and 0855 respectively and formed by the 0800 (retimed to 0758) arrival. Instead, the 0824 double set arrival from Geelong was shunted to Spencer Street yard until the afternoon, leaving other sets to take the Ballarat and Horsham services.

Around the same time, the proposals for Comeng interurban trains for the Traralgon line were dropped, as they would not have been available until 1986; and so concepts for further carriages following the delivery of the 54 N cars were being prepared. In practice the further order never developed.

By late 1983, roster N18 had fifteen of the eighteen N sets in service and the remaining three under rostered maintenance. This included regularly running on the Gippsland line in lieu of the proposed interurban services. Under that roster, N sets ran return trips:
 1 per week to Albury (Friday night outbound, Sunday morning return)
 34 per week to Ballarat
 9 per week to Bendigo
 7 per week to Cobram
 6 per week to Dimboola (Sunday excluded)
 38 per week to Geelong (including one double set, Sunday to Thursday)
 7 per week to Horsham (including one double set on Sunday)
 10 per week to Kyneton
 6 per week to Shepparton (Sunday excluded)
 17 per week to South Geelong (including one double set, Monday to Friday)
 1 per week to Swan Hill (double set, Sunday only)
 26 per week to Traralgon (including one double set on Sunday)
 17 per week to Warrnambool (including one double set on Saturday)

V/Line Passenger Red Era (1995-2007)
All N type carriages were transferred across to V/Line Passenger when the country rail operator was split between freight and passenger divisions in 1995.
In 1995, Z cars began to be converted to BZN carriages. Progressively, Z sets began to be eliminated as a result of the introduction of the Sprinter railcars. Subsequently, spare BZ and BZS cars were converted to BZN cars. The interior of these cars were roughly based on the N type car layout, but in an old Z car. The code BZN indicates that it is an economy car, with Z indicating its former use as a Z car, and N indicating it being classified as an N car. By 1998, 8 cars had been converted to BZN cars. Ultimately, 14 cars were converted to BZN cars.

Later, 3 more Z cars were converted to the new BTN format in 2003. These were all former BCZ class economy cars. The first cars converted were 251, 253 and 254, which were later followed by several more. 7 cars were ultimiately converted to BTN cars. The interior arrangement of these cars had 88 seats, the same capacity as the BN class economy sitting cars.

In 2007, the Kerang rail accident occurred around  north-west of Kerang. An N set, N7, was involved in this accident, which killed 11 people. The 3 cars in this set were ACN21, BRN20 and BN19. Carriage BRN20 was damaged beyond repair and was retired. Carriage ACN21 was initially paired with a number of BS cars to make up a new carriage set, however, it was ultimately rebuilt as BDN21 for standard gauge. Carriage BN19 was converted to standard gauge and placed in set SN1.

Carriage set FN2 was retired at an unknown time and its carriages were split elsewhere.

V/Line Passenger Grey Era (2007-2017)
2007 saw car BZN252 and BZN267 painted in a new mk3 livery. These cars were both newly converted from west coast Z cars to BZN cars - BZN252 from former first class car ACZ252, and BZN267 from former economy car BZ267. This was followed by carriage set VN12 as the first repainted, containing carriages ACN36, BRN35, BN23, and BZN273. Despite being coded a VN set, where the V indicates 5 carriages, there were only 4 cars for the initial runs of this set. Carriage set FN14 was the second repainted, and by 2016 the last car in mk2 (actually a Z car, BCZ257) was repainted into mk3. This meant all N-type carriages were painted in the grey livery. Despite the introduction of a new livery in 2017, various BTN and BZN cars remain in the mk3 livery attached to otherwise repainted mk4 sets.

V/Line Passenger Purple Era, Withdrawal and Preservation (2017-)

In 2017, V/Line released a fourth carriage set for use on the Albury Line in 2017 with a new PTV livery. This was set SN8 (alongside locomotive N457), first running in April 2017. Followed by set VN3 a week later, the livery was subsequently applied to all N type (ACN/BN/BRN/BDN) carriages and some of the BZN/BTN fleet, though not all the ex-Z cars have received the livery.

The new Bairnsdale line timetable from 28 August 2018 brought an end to locomotive-hauled trains on 2 out of 3 daily services. Prior to this, all services except one return service to Sale on a sunday were operated by N sets. The remaining one return service to Bairnsdale per day will be replaced by a VLocity when stabling at Bairnsdale is completed.

The introduction of the standard gauge VLocity units in December 2021 marked the beginning of N set withdrawals, with set SN8 being transferred to the Seymour Railway Heritage Centre for indefinite storage on 15 January 2022. Initially running on only the 12:05pm Albury and 5:20pm Southern Cross services, the timetable introduced on 28 August 2022 saw the removal of N sets from the Albury line.

Following the withdrawal of N sets on the Albury line, there were 4 sets of N cars no longer required, which were distributed to heritage organisations and storage facilities:

 707 Operations now own ACN45, BRN43, BN5 from set SN15, as well as BN22 and ACN48 from set SN16, to be used for their journeys on standard gauge.
 Seymour Railway Heritage Centre now own ACN3, BRN53 and BN19 from SN1 and BRN46 from SN16, and are to be used for their standard gauge journeys.
 Steamrail Victoria own ACN24, BRN34 and BN10 from SN8, as well as car BN7, joining their fleet of K Type Carriages on Standard Gauge.
 Carriages BDN2, BDN6, BDN21 and BDN50 have been converted back onto Broad Gauge and used on the remaining FN/VN sets.
On the 5th October 2022, it was announced that from the 23rd October all Shepparton services would now operate using VLocity units, this is has been delayed until further notice due to flooding at Shepparton. This would result in the end of N set operations on services along the Seymour corridor.

Carriage sets
The N cars appear in fixed sets not altered in ordinary service. The sets are numbered between 1 and 19. Initially issued to service as 3-car sets, from 1995 additional cars of the BCZ, ACZ, BS, BZN or BTN type were attached to give longer sets. Additional cars may also be temporarily attached or detached to a set without the set code being altered.

 N: 3-car set ACN-BRN-BN (not commonly seen in regular service)
 FN: 4-car set ACN-BRN-(mix of 2x N/Z cars); while Z cars out of service, 1x temporary 4N set ACN-BRN-BN-BN.
 VN: 5-car set ACN-BRN-(mix of 3x N/Z cars); while Z cars out of service, 2x temporary 5N set ACN-BRN-ACN-BRN-BN.
 SN: 4-car set ACN-BRN-BDN-BN or 5-car set ACN-BRN-BDN-BN-BN on standard gauge.

The original plan was for 10, then 18 three car sets each of BN-BN-ACN; but when the cars needed on-board food supplies, set N07 had car BRN20 fitted with a buffet module in place of about 20 seats at the east end. Sets N08 and N09 were released as normal BN-BN-ACN sets while N07 was trialled, and when it was deemed a success and followed by N10 as BN-BRN-ACN, sets N11 through N18 were built as BRN-BRN-ACN. Then, as each set was made ready for service, the newest BN-BN-ACN set was recalled to the workshops for mixing cars, so that all sets ended up as BN-BRN-ACN. Set N19, built at the end of the program, was released as BN-BRN-ACN from the start, and at the end of the program BRN20 returned to the workshops for modifications to match the rest of the fleet.

Set history
Note: Colours are representative only, and do not directly correlate to liveries worn in the era. Also, the zero prefix in sets 1-9 below are incorrect but useful for sorting and searching purposes.

Image gallery

Model railways

HO Scale
As of July 2013, only HO scale plastic models of the N-series carriages are available produced by Auscision Models (although there have been brass models released in the past). Each set contains one each of the ACN, BRN and BN cars, plus a D boxvan van thought to have run on occasion with that consist. No spare N cars (not fixed in sets) have been made available in ready-to-run plastic. The same sets were rerun in 2016. As of April 2022, all sets are sold out.

In 2020, Powerline released a run of Z type carriages, containing some BZN and BTN cars. These included:

In V/Line Passenger Mk1 - BTN263, BTN264, BZN273 and BZN274

In V/Line Passenger Mk4 - BZN271, BZN262 and BTN253

However, the mk4 carriages have been heavily delayed and are not yet available as of April 2022. No carriages were produced in the mk2 or mk3 liveries.

N Scale
As of 2022, no ready-to-run N scale models of the N type carriages are available.

References

External links

V/Linecars.com: N set information
Peter J Vincent: ACN cars
Peter J Vincent: BRN cars
Peter J Vincent: BN cars
Peter J Vincent: BZN cars

Victorian Railways carriages


The Leader Community Newspaper group publishes 20 digital titles covering metropolitan Melbourne.

The group was downsized in 2016 and in 2020. Prior to this, it published 33 weekly print titles which were delivered to over 1.4 million homes. In early 2016, it had 569,000 digital unique audience each month.

History

In the early 1850s George Mott arrived in the Colony of Victoria and began work as a journalist with the Melbourne Argus.

In 1854 he started publishing newspapers in the Victorian goldfields near Beechworth and Chiltern. George Mott's two sons commenced publishing newspapers in Albury and one brother's branch of the family until recently (2005) published The Border Mail in that town.

The other brother, Decimus Mott, left the Murray area in 1924 and, with his sons, took over the established Northcote and Preston Leader (first published in 1888). From this paper, the Leader Community Newspaper group grew into its present stable of 33 separate mastheads.

In 1986 the group was sold to The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd. With the acquisition of The Herald and Weekly Times by News Corporation later that same year, the Leader Newspaper group became a part of News Limited Community Newspapers with a total of 95 publications throughout Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney and Tasmania.

In 2016, the group ceased producing seven newspapers. In April 2020, News Corporation announced that it would only be producing digital editions of newspapers, which required a subscription, from 6 April with printing suspended due to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. In May 2020, News Corporation announced that it would cease producing seven newspapers even in digital editions from 29 June.

Publications

Inner East
 Progress Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Stonnington Leader (Digital only April 2020)

Inner South
 Bayside Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Caulfield Glen Eira/Port Phillip Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Mordialloc Chelsea Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Moorabbin Leader (Digital only April 2020)

East
 Heidelberg Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Manningham Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Monash Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Whitehorse Leader (Digital only April 2020)

North
 Diamond Valley Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Melbourne Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Northcote Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Preston Leader (ceased publication June 2020)
 Whittlesea Leader (Digital only April 2020)

North West
 Northern Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Moonee Valley Leader (Digital only April 2020) (formerly the Essendon Gazette)
 Moreland Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Sunbury/Macedon Ranges Leader (ceased publication June 2020)

Outer East
 Free Press Leader (last edition 29 June 2016)
 Knox Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Lilydale & Yarra Valley Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Maroondah Leader (Digital only April 2020)

South East
 Berwick Leader (last edition 28 June 2016)
 Cranbourne Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Greater Dandenong Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Frankston Standard Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Mornington Peninsula Leader (Digital only April 2020)

West
 Brimbank Leader (last edition 28 June 2016)
 Hobsons Bay Leader  (last edition 28 June 2016)
 Maribyrnong Leader (Digital only April 2020)
 Melton Leader (last edition 28 June 2016)
 Wyndham Leader (Digital from June 2020) (previously reported last edition 28 June 2016)

See also
 List of newspapers in Australia

References

External links
 Leader Community Newspapers website

 Digitised World War I Victorian newspapers from the State Library of Victoria

Newspapers published in Melbourne
Free newspapers


Albert Green (28 January 1874 – 1913) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Norwood in the SAFA and first-class cricketer who played for South Australia.

Early life
Born in Medindee, New South Wales, Green was raised in Adelaide and educated at Geelong Grammar School.

Playing career
He played 13 Victorian Football Association (VFA) matches for the Geelong Football Club in 1892 before returning to South Australia the following year where he joined Norwood. Playing mainly as a rover, Green was a member of Norwood's 1894 premiership side. In 1898 Green became the inaugural winner of the Magarey Medal. When players became tied to local clubs by residence, he retired from the game in preference to changing clubs or moving house.

He also played seven first-class cricket matches for South Australia between 1894–95 and 1898–99.

References

External links

1874 births
1913 deaths
Norwood Football Club players
Magarey Medal winners
Australian cricketers
South Australia cricketers
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Cricketers from New South Wales
People educated at Geelong Grammar School
Date of death missing


The Band of the Fighting Irish is the marching band of the University of Notre Dame. Over 300 members of the band represent nearly every field of study, and include students from across the United States as well as from overseas. The Band of the Fighting Irish is composed of students from the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Founded in 1845, it is the oldest university marching band.

Performances

The Band of the Fighting Irish performs at all home football games and pep rallies. A typical home game schedule commences on Friday afternoon when the band marches out from the Main Building to the Ricci Family Fields for a final run-through of their field show, to the delight of onlookers. Following practice, the band heads to the Edmund P. Joyce Center to perform for the pep rally, energizing students and fans alike. At midnight, students and fans gather in front of the main building for the energizing "Drummers' Circle" performed by the drum line to prepare the student body for the following day's events.

Saturday morning commences with an early morning march about campus as a traditional way to "wake-up" students across campus in preparation for game day festivities. Once arriving at the Loftus Indoor Sports Facility, the band practices their field show once more and thereafter convenes for lunch, often performing various songs for special banquets held in the South Dining Hall at this time.

The day continues with the traditional "Trumpets under the Dome" performance in the Main Building, and the "Concert on the Steps" at Bond Hall, the former Architecture Building, follows. During this performance, the band performs traditional tunes as well as the halftime field show music in stand-still performance, galvanizing the large crowds surrounding the building.

Next, approximately half-an-hour before kick-off, the band steps off from in front of the Main Building for their traditional march to the stadium, led by the Cheerleaders and Irish Guard, the band parades down the streets, lined by fans clapping and cheering the Irish onwards to victory.

After performing for pre-game festivities, its halftime show, and the post-game show, the band makes a triumphant march back to the band building after the game, and awaits preparations for the upcoming game day and the next opportunity to support its Fighting Irish football team.

Composition

Instrumentation

With nearly 400 members each year, the band features nine main sections: trombones, drumline, piccolos, clarinets, saxophones, faltos (mellophones, or f-alto horns), baritones, basses, and trumpets. The instrumentation of the drumline is further broken down into snare drums, bass drums, tenor drums, cymbals, and mallets. The mallets include both marching xylophones and bells. The saxophone section includes alto and tenor saxophones only. Each instrument provides a vital timbre that contributes to the unique sound of the Notre Dame Band.

Glockenspiels (bells) used to march at the front of the band, and, for several years during the 1970s, 1980s and up to 1991, the rolling tympani led the band onto the field.

The band has a 10th section which consists of the band managers. These are students who help with the day to day logistics including moving equipment, assisting directors/band members, crowd control, and everything that helps the band run.

Irish Guard

Each football Saturday, the Band of the Fighting Irish is led onto the field for its traditional pre-game salute by the celebrated Irish Guard. This group of precision marchers was formed in 1949 when then Director H. Lee Hope conceived the idea of adding color to the band while maintaining the dignity befitting the nation's oldest university band. The Guard's uniform is patterned after the traditional Irish kilt.

During the first few years, the Irish Guard performed on bagpipes. Performances included a variety of Irish tunes as well as several school songs. Prior to each home football game, the Guard would perform around the concourse of the stadium, as well as other areas on campus. Performing on bagpipes was discontinued around 1954.

Staff

Director

Kenneth W. Dye, is Director of Bands and Professor of Music at the University of Notre Dame. He is a graduate of the University of Houston, where he holds a Doctorate in Music Education and a Master's in Business Administration. He has also earned degrees of Master of Arts in Music from California State University and Bachelor of Music from the University of Southern California where he marched in the University of Southern California Trojan Marching Band. As a composer/arranger, Ken Dye serves as a staff writer for several publishers and served as composer/arranger for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Band and pops arranger for the Dallas Symphony. His writing activities have produced over 1200 works for band and orchestra performed throughout the U.S. and overseas. Dye's recent composition "Welcome to Beijing," an Olympic Suite for Band, premiered in the Beijing Concert Hall in May 2008. The Olympic Suite is also featured in the 2008 Olympic Arts Festival performed by the Beijing schools.

In addition Dye serves as a concurrent professor of Computer Applications. His course "Music through Technology" examines the historical influence of technology on the creative process of music. Dr. Dye also teaches music from a business perspective in a course entitled "The Business of Music," a synergistic history of music and business. Prior to Notre Dame, Dr Dye served as Director of Bands at Rice University for 17 years and 14 years as conductor of the Houston Concert Band. In addition to his experience in Texas, he was Director of Bands at State University of West Georgia, Assistant Band Director for the 1984 Olympics, and taught public high school at Artesia High School in Lakewood, California. He has also served as director of the Opening Ceremonies of the U.S. Olympic Festival and conductor of the All-American College Band at Disney World. Ken Dye serves as a music director of numerous special events as well as a clinician and adjudicator throughout North America and the South Pacific.

History

"America's First, America's Best"

There has always been a close and affectionate tie between the Notre Dame Band and the rest of the Notre Dame community. In 1844, university founder the Rev. Edward Sorin instructed the Rev. Francoise Gouesse to teach music lessons. By 1846, the Notre Dame Cornet Band was formed and it played at the first graduation ceremony. In its first decades, the band mostly primarily at awards ceremonies, theater productions, commencement exercises and to honor students going off to war. By 1870, the band had an extensive musical repertoire. In 1871 it gave a benefit concert to raise money for victims of the Great Chicago fire. It was led through the year by Prof. Sotokase, Brother Basil, Prof. Boyne, Prof. J. O'Neill, Lilly and J. H. Gillespie, and Mr. Geo. Roulhac. The legendary football coach, Knute Rockne, played flute for Notre Dame, and former Athletic Director Edward Moose Krause spent some years studying music before putting his clarinet on the shelf and devoting himself to athletics.

The University of Notre Dame Band is the oldest university band (in continuous existence) in the United States and was honored as such by being declared a "Landmark of American Music" by the National Music Council, the Indiana Music Educators Association and Exxon Corporation during the 1976 U.S. Bicentennial. The Band of the Fighting Irish has a long tradition of providing music and pageantry for the Notre Dame football games. It was on hand for the first game against the University of Michigan in 1887 and has not missed a single home game since. The Notre Dame Band was celebrating its forty-first anniversary when that historic first game was played.

The Band of the Fighting Irish began accepting students from Saint Mary's College in 1970, two years before the University of Notre Dame became coeducational.

Appearances

The Notre Dame Band has always been a very active organization. Its early purpose was apparently to lift the spirits of students and provide entertainment on special occasions. The Band has also been on hand to witness many highs and lows in American history. It played at the university's "Main Circle" as students left to join the armies both North and South during the American Civil War. The Band played at the circle whenever students left to fight in World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam, and played a benefit concert for the victims of the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. The band has played around the country and around the world for countless concerts, masses, graduations, civic functions, bowl games, parades, athletic contests and many, many national championships. In recent years the Band has traveled to Michigan, Michigan State, Pittsburgh, Penn State, West Virginia, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Southern California and Florida State. Bowl appearances have included the Fiesta Bowl, Gator Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, the Sugar Bowl, the Sun Bowl, and the BCS National Championship Game.

The Band of the Fighting Irish has also partnered with OK Go in the making of the composition and music video for "This Too Shall Pass", appearing throughout the majority of the video in ghillie suits.

In May 2010, the Notre Dame Concert Band performed in Carnegie Hall in New York City; Regis Philbin conducted the Victory March.

Every year, part of the band goes on an international tour to a different part the world. Past sites have included New Zealand, Australia, Spain, Portugal, Croatia, and most recently South Africa in 2018.

Music
The Band of the Fighting Irish plays several songs unique to their program. Most notable among them is the Notre Dame Victory March, which was written by brothers Michael and John Shea in 1908. The Notre Dame Victory March was first played on campus in the rotunda of the Administration Building during the 1909 Easter celebration concert. The Band of the Fighting Irish began playing the song at athletic events ten years later.

Joseph Casasanta, who was the director from 1923 to 1942, composed several "football songs" for the Notre Dame Band, including "Hike, Notre Dame," "When the Irish Backs Go Marching By," and "Down the Line." Many years later, these songs remain in the Band of the Fighting Irish's repertoire and are often played at football games.

Robert F. Obrien, director from 1952 to 1986, introduced "Damhsa Bua" to the Notre Dame Band's repertoire. "Damhsa Bua" is a victory clog and is played after every victory.

Kenneth Dye, the current Director of Bands for the University of Notre Dame, composed and added "Celtic Chant" to the Notre Dame Band's repertoire. "Celtic Chant" has since become a popular feature of the pre-game routine played at football games.

Notre Dame Band Alumni
The Notre Dame Band maintains close ties with all of the Notre Dame Band Alumni through a variety of communications including frequent newsletters.  The Notre Dame Band Alumni are invited back to Notre Dame to perform with the student Notre Dame Band during a Notre Dame home football game approximately once every 4 years since 1985.  On Saturday, October 13, 2018, almost 400 Notre Dame Band Alumni returned to practice, march, and perform with the student Notre Dame Band during the halftime show at the Notre Dame vs Pittsburgh football game for a sold-out crowd.  The Notre Dame Band Alumni participant graduation years ranged from 1952 to 2017, and included 8 drum majors, 70 percussion,  200 woodwinds, and 190 brass.  The 2018 Notre Dame Alumni Band played the Hike, Notre Dame, Down the Line, 1812 Overture, and the Notre Dame Victory March. arrangements.  Past Notre Dame Band reunions included the 2006, 2010, 2014 Notre Dame vs. Stanford football Games.

References

External links

College marching bands in the United States
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Musical groups from Indiana
Musical groups established in 1846
1846 establishments in Indiana
University of Notre Dame musical groups


Margherita Rinaldi (12 January 1935 – 7 September 2023) was an Italian lyric soprano, primarily active in the 1960s and 1970s, after she made her debut as Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor in 1958, prompting her career at La Scala in Milan. She also appeared internationally, performing a wide repertoire including, besides Italian belcanto roles, Baroque and French opera. She recorded the roles of Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto and Ilia in Mozart's Idomeneo. From 1981, she worked as a voice teacher.

Life and career
Margherita Rinaldi was born in Turin on 12 January 1935, and completed her music studies in Rovigo. She won the Belli voice competition of the Teatro Lirico Sperimentale in Spoleto, appearing there in 1958 in the title role of Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. The success prompted her debut at La Scala in Milan the following year as Sinaide in Rossini's Mosè in Egitto. She first performed at the Arena di Verona in 1962, as Oscar in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, alongside Leyla Gencer, Carlo Bergonzi, and conducted by Gianandrea Gavazzeni. She performed at the Teatro Filarmonico of Verona as Amelia in Verdi's Simon Boccanegra in 1979, alongside Renato Bruson in the title role, directed by  and conducted by Roberto Abbado.

Rinaldi appeared at La Scala as Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto, Nannetta in Falstaff, in 1966 as Giulietta in Bellini's I Capuleti e i Montecchi, alongside Giacomo Aragall and Luciano Pavarotti, when Claudio Abbado conducted a new critical edition, and as Linda in a revival of Linda di Chamounix in 1972, alongside Alfredo Kraus. She sang at most of the major opera houses in Italy, in roles such as Amina in Bellini's La sonnambula, Donizetti's Adina in L'elisir d'amore and Norina in Don Pasquale, and  Verdi's Gilda. She also excelled in operas by Mozart and by Cimarosa.

She sang a wide variety of roles for RAI between 1963 and 1975, such as Bertha in Meyerbeer's Le Prophète, Handel's Cleopatra in Giulio Cesare and Ginevra in Ariodante, and Noraime in Cherubini's Les Abencérages. She recorded Verdi's La traviata with Pavarotti in Dublin in 1964.

In 1977 she had a triumph singing Amenaide in Rossini's Tancredi alongside Marilyn Horne at Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. Reviewers noted then the limpid quality and agility of her voice, and her stylistic security. Angelo Sguerzi wrote for Stirpi canore about her "homogeneity of timbre, equality of registers, smooth and clear extension up to E-flat on the top, gentle, demure phrasing, without melodramaticism of dubious taste".

In 1978, Rinaldi appeared as Adalgisa in a production of Bellini's Norma at the Teatro Comunale in Florence. Conducted by Riccardo Muti and starring Renata Scotto in the title role, she performed the role in the original soprano register.

International career
Rinaldi enjoyed a successful international career, making her American debut at the Dallas Opera as Gilda in 1966. Her debut at the San Francisco Opera was as Lucia in 1968. She also sang at the  Lyric Opera of Chicago. Rinaldi performed at the Glyndebourne, Wexford and Bregenz festivals. In Bregenz, she appeared in 1967 as Carolina in Cimarosa's Il matrimonio segreto directed by Crivelli, with the Vienna Symphony conducted by Vittorio Gui. She appeared as Ines in Meyerbeer's L'Africaine at the Royal Opera House in London, alongside Plácido Domingo and Grace Bumbry.

Opera recordings
Rinaldi made only two commercial opera recordings, as Gilda in Rigoletto opposite Rolando Panerai and Franco Bonisolli, which was also the soundtrack of a German television production, and as Ilia in Mozart's Idomeneo with Sir Colin Davis conducting. Luckily, unofficial "pirate" recordings have preserved several of her live performances: the Spoleto Lucia di Lammermoor, the Scala I Capuleti e i Montecchi and Linda di Chamounix, the RAI Le Prophète, a 1967 Rigoletto from Turin, and the 1978 Norma from Florence.

Concert
Rinaldi was an excellent performer of sacred music; she often sang with the RAI National Symphony Orchestra. She performed the part of Maria Maddalena in Lorenzo Perosi's oratorio La Resurrezione di Cristo in 1969, and was the soprano soloist in both Handel's Messiah in 1970, conducted by Bertola, and in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in 1981. She performed at La Scala in Rossini's Petite messe solennelle, and for RAI TV in Mozart's Vesperae solennes de confessore. She recorded Carissimi's Dives malus with Angelo Ephrikian, and took part in the first recording of Rossini's Messa di Gloria in 1974. She recorded two Bach cantatas, Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen, BWV 51, and Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut, BWV 199, with Antonio Janigro and the Angelicum Orchestra of Milan for Ricordi.

Later life
Rinaldi retired from the stage in 1981. She lived outside Florence where she privately coached young singers.

Rinaldi died in Impruneta on 7 September 2023, at age 88.

References

Further reading
 Roland Mancini and Jean-Jacques Rouveroux,  (orig. H. Rosenthal and J. Warrack, French edition), Guide de l'opéra, Les indispensables de la musique (Fayard, 1995).

External links
 Margherita Rinaldi (Soprano) Bach Cantatas Website

1935 births
2023 deaths
Italian operatic sopranos
Musicians from Turin
20th-century Italian women opera singers


Parkview Health System, founded in 1878 as Fort Wayne City Hospital is a network of 10 community hospitals and more than 100 clinic locations in northeast Indiana and northwest Ohio. The not-for-profit Parkview Health System is the region's largest employer with more than 14,000. Parkview Physicians Group is also part of the Parkview Health, and includes more than 900 providers in more than 45 specialties.

History

Parkview Health traces its roots back to Fort Wayne City Hospital, founded in 1878.   Subsequent hospitals in Parkview’s history include Hope Hospital (1891 – 1922), Methodist Hospital (1922 – 1953), Parkview Memorial Hospital (1953 – 1955) and Parkview Hospital (1955 – ). Parkview Health System, Inc. was incorporated in May 1995.   Parkview Whitley and Parkview Huntington Hospitals joined the system in 1995, Parkview Noble Hospital in 2000, Parkview LaGrange Hospital in 2005, Parkview Wabash Hospital in 2015 and Parkview DeKalb Hospital in 2019.  Parkview Health's flagship hospital campus, Parkview Regional Medical Center, was founded in March 2012.  Parkview has ten hospitals total within its network as of 2021.

As of 2013, Parkview officials announced a facelift of $3.2 million to Parkview Randallia Hospital. It includes a new entryway, new signage, a large courtyard, and a park. An interior facelift was conducted right after the Parkview Regional Medical Center was complete in May 2012, which included turning 150 patient rooms into private, more comfortable rooms. Other highlights include acute and continuing care centers, a surgery area, the Center for Wound Healing, Center on Aging and Health and a full-service emergency department. The facility also offers a family birthing center, imaging and lab services, endoscopy, and a sleep lab.

Graduate Medical Education
In March 2021, Parkview Health launched a graduate medical education program to attract, train and retain physicians in northeast Indiana. The residency program is a clinical training program for doctors who have graduated from medical school and are ready to receive further specialized training. Parkview’s program is based at Parkview Hospital Randallia and includes internal medicine, a three-year program open to 15 residents each year, and general surgery, a five-year program open to four residents each year.

Awards and recognition
Two Parkview hospitals were awarded an "A" in the spring 2021 Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade.  The College of Healthcare Information Management Executives (CHIME) awarded Parkview Health its 2020 Digital Health Most Wired recognition.  Parkview Health was named one of America’s Best Employers by Forbes magazine in 2019.

Billing practices
Parkview has come under scrutiny for its billing practices.  A 2019 report wrote that Parkview charged private insurance about four times the rate it charged Medicare; while many hospitals hike their prices somewhat for non-Medicare rates, Parkview did so to an unusual degree.  Additionally, the hospital has refused to bill Medicaid for some of its patients even when they qualified, instead placing medical liens directly on their property for rates three to five times as high as the Medicaid rate, potentially ruining these patient's credit scores.  The hospital has been sued by a number of aggrieved patients over these practices.  A 2010s Indiana law requires hospitals to bill normal insurance before pursuing additional debts with a lien.  Parkview has argued in court that Medicaid is "government assistance" and not insurance, so the law does not apply to these disputes; plaintiff's lawyers have argued that other hospitals in Indiana treat Medicaid as insurance, making Parkview the outlier.  Parkview lost a court case and the judge held that Indiana law considers Medicaid health insurance.

Services
Key Parkview Health service lines include heart health, orthopedics, neurosciences, trauma care, cancer care and women’s and children’s services. Other services include Parkview Home Health & Hospice, Parkview Health Laboratories, health and fitness centers, ambulatory care and diagnostic centers, outpatient services center, Parkview Occupational Health, Parkview Employee Assistance Program (EAP), Parkview Workplace Wellness, EMS, the Samaritan flight and ground transport program and more.

Locations
Parkview Regional Medical Center (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Cancer Institute (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Heart Institute (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Ortho Hospital (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Women’s & Children’s Hospital (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Hospital Randallia (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Behavioral Health Institute (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview DeKalb Hospital (Auburn, Ind.)
Parkview Huntington Hospital (Huntington, Ind.)
Parkview LaGrange Hospital (LaGrange, Ind.)
Parkview Noble Hospital (Kendallville, Ind.)
Parkview Wabash Hospital (Wabash, Ind.)
Parkview Whitley Hospital (Columbia City, Ind.)
Parkview Bryan Hospital (Bryan, Ohio)
Parkview Montpelier Hospital (Montpelier, Ohio)
Parkview Warsaw (Warsaw, Ind.)
Parkview Archbold Medical Center (Archbold, Ohio)
Parkview Mirro Center for Research & Innovation (Fort Wayne, Ind.)
Parkview Physicians Group – more than 100 locations in northeast Indiana and northwest Ohio

References

Hospital networks in the United States
Buildings and structures in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Economy of Fort Wayne, Indiana
Medical and health organizations based in Indiana
Companies based in Fort Wayne, Indiana


Wayne Dennis Smith (January 24, 1950 – November 27, 2016) was a Canadian Football League defensive end who played twelve seasons for five different teams. Smith never played high school or college football but was discovered by Bob Hayes, the Athletic Director at Saint Mary’s University. He was a CFL All-Star two times and was on the Grey Cup winning team in 1969 and 1973. He died in his sleep at his home in Halifax on November 27, 2016. He was 66 and had 9 children.

References

External links

1950 births
2016 deaths
BC Lions players
Canadian football defensive linemen
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Ottawa Rough Riders players
Players of Canadian football from Nova Scotia
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Canadian football people from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Toronto Argonauts players


Shenandoah Acres is a campground/resort in Stuarts Draft, Virginia. It was previously known as Shenandoah Acres Resort, but after decades of operation, 'The Acres' closed in 2004.  Then, following a couple of ownership changes, it reopened in 2014 as Shenandoah Acres Family Campground.

The most visible aspect of Shenandoah Acres is its small, spring-fed lake that was unique for its use of playground equipment in the water.  Shenandoah Acres also featured 250 camp sites, 35 cabins, horseback riding, miniature golf, and tennis courts.

History
Shenandoah Acres was a farm owned by Dr. William Dodge in the 1930s. He charged visitors ten cents to swim and picnic on the property.

The property was purchased by Rupert A. Blacka in 1935, and developed into a water park. He transformed the small, rather muddy swimming area into a nice, clear lake.  In 1948, a concrete pier with a diving board and a zip-line were added.  However, due to rising insurance rates, the diving boards were removed in the 1960s.  The campground was later added, along with horseback riding, miniature golf, tennis, bike rentals, a ball field, and hiking trails, as well as horseshoes, croquet, shuffleboard, and volleyball.  In 2000, again due to ever-increasing insurance costs, the zip lines were removed. Admissions dropped, and 'The Acres' eventually closed in 2004.

Goodfaith LLC purchased Shenandoah Acres in 2005. They reopened the campground in 2009, and operated as Mountain Spring Resort. The property changed hands again in 2011, and the new owners changed its name back to Shenandoah Acres, with plans to reopen the lake in spring 2012.

In 2014, Garland Eutsler and ShenAcres Holdings LLC purchased the property, with plans to reopen it as a resort.
On Memorial Day weekend, 2014, Shenandoah Acres re-opened for business.  Although primarily a campground, the lake is open once again, and the current owners have been adding back some of the features that gave it its resort flavor.  It is still open for business today.

Ecology
Originally, Shenandoah Acres was a farm consisting of orchards, and a cranberry bog encircling a small pond.  The cranberry bog was well known by botanists as a location for several rare plants and orchids including the rose pogonia and grass pink orchids.  In the journal Claytonia, the botanist Lloyd Carr described the pond as a sea of pink when the orchids were in bloom. The cranberry bog was one of a series of sinkhole ponds and wetlands in the Maple Flats area; perhaps the only one remaining with a similar flora is Spring Pond.  After the bog was destroyed to create Shenandoah Acres, many of the rare species once found there became locally extinct.

Since Dr. Dodge was also responsible for introducing cranberries to nearby Green Pond, it's possible that the cranberries growing there came originally from what is now Shenandoah Acres.

References

External links
 Shenandoah Acres Family Campground

Defunct companies based in Virginia
2004 disestablishments in Virginia
Augusta County, Virginia
2014 establishments in Virginia


Verden i dag ("The World Today") was a current affairs radio programme focusing on global news, produced by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). It was broadcast every morning from Monday to Friday on NRK P2 for several years, until being discontinued in 2008. It was presented by the journalist in charge of international news on NRK radio. It included reports from the NRK foreign correspondents, from the international affairs reporters at the NRK headquarters, and sometimes guests were invited to the studio.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20080209104539/http://www.nrk.no/programmer/sider/verden_i_dag/

NRK radio programs


Begli Annageldiyev (born 24 May 1984) is a Turkmen professional footballer. He last played for HTTU Asgabat as a defender. He was the 2007 Turkmenistan Player of the Year and was called up for his country's FIFA World Cup 2010 qualifying campaign.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Turkmenistan men's footballers
Turkmenistan men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Place of birth missing (living people)


NRK P2 is one of three main, nationwide radio channels produced by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). Its current format – focusing on news and current affairs, debate, analysis, culture, science, and society  – is the result of the NRK radio channel reform initiated in 1993 by radio director Tor Fuglevik. In style and content, the channel is similar to the Danish DR P1 and the Swedish SR P1. The original P2, established as NRK's second radio channel in 1984, had carried lighter programming.

In 1999 the channel's employees were collectively awarded the Fritt Ord Award for their championship of freedom of speech.

The last transmitters radiating P2 on FM were switched off on 13 December 2017, and the channel is now receivable only via digital audio broadcasting (DAB+), satellite TV, and internet.

References

External links
NRK P2 - official home page (in Norwegian)
NRK P2 online radio

1984 establishments in Norway
NRK
Radio stations established in 1984
Radio stations in Norway


Alick Gladstone Lill (10 May 1904 – 31 December 1987) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Norwood in the SANFL.

Football
Debuting in 1923, Lill was a tall centreman and was a member of three premiership sides at Norwood. He won the club's Best and Fairest award in 1924, 1925 and 1927. In 1925 he also won a Magarey Medal and from 1925 to 1930 he was a regular South Australian representative at interstate football, appearing in a total of 20 games. After 123 games for Norwood, Lill retired in 1931 due to constant knee injuries and later served as Norwood's coach for a brief period.

Lill's son John had a noted South Australian sporting career.

He worked at the state bank of South Australia, as a branch manager.

See also
 1927 Melbourne Carnival

Footnotes

External links

Alick Lill's profile at the Norwood Football Club

1904 births
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Norwood Football Club players
Norwood Football Club coaches
Magarey Medal winners
South Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
1987 deaths


This is a list of the Celestial Masters, leaders of Zhengyi Dao, continuing Wudoumi Dao (Way of the Five Pecks of Rice). After the death of the 64th Celestial Master Zhang Yuanxian in 2008, controversy arose over the legitimate succession, with different descendants claiming to be the rightful 65th Celestial Master, including Zhang Jintao and three other claimants in China mainland; and Zhang Yijiang and Zhang Meiliang in Taiwan. Another Taiwanese master, Zhang Daochen, claims to be the legitimate 64th Celestial Master, as, according to him, Zhang Yuanxian wasn't. In English the Celestial Master was also known as the "Taoist pontiff".

Notes

External links
The Taoist Association of Celestial Master Chang Website of 65th Celestial Master (claimant)

Chinese Taoists
Taoism-related lists
Taoist religious leaders
Taoist priesthood
List
Chinese families


Willmar Municipal Airport , also known as John L. Rice Field, is a city-owned public-use airport located west of the central business district of Willmar, a city in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, United States. The airport opened in 2006 and is located two miles west of a closed airport which operated under the same name .

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Willmar Municipal Airport is assigned BDH by the FAA and ILL by IATA; BDH is used by the IATA for  Bandar Lengeh Airport in Bandar Lengeh, Iran.

Facilities and aircraft
Willmar Municipal Airport has two runways: 13/31 with a 5,500 x 100 ft. (1,676 x 30 m) asphalt pavement and 3/21 with a 3,000 x 250 ft. (914 x 76 m) turf surface.

Earlier airport
The first Willmar Municipal Airport was established in 1934 as a federal work relief project of the National Youth Administration during the New Deal.

Historical Scheduled Service
 In October 1935 Watertown Airways, Inc offered scheduled service between Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport and Watertown, South Dakota.  This route continued through South Dakota with additional stops in Huron, Pierre, Phillip, Rapid City, and Spearfish. Service was provided using Travel Air high wing cabin monoplanes.
 In December 1972 Mississippi Valley Airlines had scheduled service to Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport and Alexandria, Minnesota

See also
List of airports in Minnesota

References

External links

Airports in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
New Deal in Minnesota
Transportation in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Willmar, Minnesota


Richardson is an English surname most commonly found in North East England. The prefix Richard is a given name popularised during the Middle English period   derived from the Germanic ric ("power") and hard ("brave"/"hardy"). The suffix -son denotes "son/descendant of". The names Richard and Richardson are found in records as early as 1381 in Yorkshire, England. There are variant spellings including the Swedish Richardsson. People with the name Richardson or its variants include: Dickson, Dixon.

A
A. J. Richardson (born 1995), American football player
Abby Sage Richardson (1837–1900), American writer and center of a notorious murder trial
Adam Richardson (born 1974), Australian rules footballer
Al Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Alan Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Alan, Allan, or Allen
Albert Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Alexander Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Alexander or Alex
Alice Richardson (born 1986), English rugby union player
Andrea Richardson (born 1962), American pathologist and physician-scientist
Andrew Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Andrew or Andy
Angela Richardson, British Member of Parliament elected 2019
Anthony Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Anthony
Antonio Richardson (born 1992), American football offensive tackle
Anna Richardson (presenter), British television presenter
Anna Ryder Richardson, British interior designer
Anne Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Antoan Richardson (born 1983), Bahamian Major League Baseball outfielder and coach
April Richardson (born 1979), American stand-up comedian
Archibald Read Richardson, British mathematician
Arlan Richardson, American Professor of Geriatric Medicine
Arnold Richardson (born 1928), Canadian curler
Arnold Edwin Victor Richardson (1883–1949) Australian scientist and administrator
Art Richardson, American Major League Baseball second baseman
Arthur Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ashley Richardson, American supermodel
Athol Richardson (1897–1982), Australian politician and judge

B
Barbara Richardson (born 1949), wife of Bill Richardson
Barry Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ben Richardson, British cinematographer
Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson (1828–1896), British physician
Bert Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Bertram Richardson (1932–2020), English cricketer
Blake Richardson (drummer) (born 1985), American drummer
Blake Richardson (singer) (born 1999), American singer
Bob Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Bob or Bobby
Bonnie Richardson (born 1990), American track and field athlete
Brad Richardson (born 1985), Canadian professional ice hockey centre
Brian Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Bryan Richardson (born 1944), English cricketer
Bucky Richardson (born 1969), American football quarterback
Burton Richardson (born 1949), American television announcer

C
Calvin Richardson (born 1976), American R&B and soul singer-songwriter
Cameron Richardson (born 1979), American actress and model
Cameron Richardson (born 1987), Australian rules footballer
Carl Richardson (born 1921), American football coach
Carsten Richardson, early 17th-century Holsteinian-Danish naval officer and Arctic explorer
Cecil R. Richardson, USAF chaplain
Chad Richardson (born 1970), Canadian musician
Charles Richardson (disambiguation) list of people named "Charles Richardson"
Charlie and Eddie Richardson, leaders of The Richardson Gang in Britain
Charlotte Caroline Richardson (1796–1854), British poet and writer
Chris Richardson (born 1984), American singer-songwriter
Christian Richardson (born 1972), Irish TV presenter and radio DJ
Claude Richardson (1900–1969), Canadian politician
Clif Richardson (1943–2020), American politician
Clint Richardson (born 1956), American professional basketball player
Clive Richardson (born 1932), South African cricketer
Colin Richardson, British record producer, mixer and recording engineer
Colin Richardson (born 1958), English motorcycle speedway rider
Constance Stewart-Richardson (1883–1932), British dancer and author
Curtis B. Richardson (born 1956), American politician
Cyril Richardson (1909–1976), English-born American Christian theologian
Cyril Richardson (born 1990), American football guard

D
Damien Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Danny Richardson (baseball) (1863–1926), American professional baseball player
Darrell C. Richardson (1918–2006), American Baptist minister, bibliographer and author
Darwin Richardson (1812–1860), Mormon pioneer
Daryl Richardson (born 1990), American football running back
Dave Richardson (footballer)
David Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Dave or David
Davy Richardson (born 1962), English darts player
Dawn Richardson (born 1964), American rock drummer, teacher, and writer
Dennis Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Derek Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Desmond Richardson, American dancer
Diana Richardson, American politician
Dick Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Dina Richardson, American singer and songwriter
Dominique Richardson (born 1992), Bermudian footballer
Don Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Donna Richardson (born 1962), American fitness and aerobics instructor
Dorothy Richardson (1873–1957), English writer
Dot Richardson (born 1961), American softball player
Douglas Richardson (born 1951), US genealogist and historian
Doug Richardson, American screenwriter and novelist
Dustin Richardson (born 1984), American professional baseball pitcher
D'Vontrey Richardson (born 1988), American professional baseball player

E
Earl Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Edgar Preston Richardson (1902–1985), American art historian and museum director
Edmund Richardson (1818–1886), American entrepreneur
Edward Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Edward, Eddie or Ted
Eimear Richardson (born 1986), Irish cricketer
Elena Carter Richardson (1948–2006), American ballerina and dance instructor
Elizabeth Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Elliot Richardson (1920–1999), American politician
Emanuel Richardson, American college basketball coach
Emeline Hill Richardson (1910–1999), American classical archaeologist
Erasmus Richardson, American politician
 Eric Richardson (Australian footballer) (1891–1969), Australian rules footballer
 Eric Richardson (American football) (born 1962), American wide receiver
Ernest Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ernie Richardson (footballer) (1916–1977), English professional footballer
Ernie Richardson (born 1931), Canadian curling champion
Esther K. Richardson, Hawaii territorial representative

F
Ferdinando Richardson (1558–1618), English courtier and musician
Fiona Richardson (1966–2017), Australian politician
Frances Mary Richardson Currer (1785–1861), British heiress and book collector
Frank Richardson (1897–1970), Australian rules footballer
Frank Richardson (1897–1987), English footballer
Frank Richardson (1898–1962), American film director and screenwriter
Frank K. Richardson (1914–1999), American jurist
Frazer Richardson, English footballer
Frederick Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Friend Richardson (1865–1943), American newspaper publisher and politician

G
Garnet Richardson (1933–2016), Canadian curler
Garth Richardson, Canadian music producer and engineer
Gary Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Gemma Richardson, English boxer
Geoff Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Geoff or Geoffrey
Geordie Richardson (1835–1905), New Zealand merchant and ship owner
George Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Gerry Richardson (1932–1971), murdered English police officer
Glen Richardson (born 1955), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Gloria Richardson (1922–2021), American civil rights leader
Gloster Richardson (1942–2020), professional American football player
Gordie Richardson (born 1938), American professional baseball player
Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne (1915–2010), British banker and lawyer
Grady Richardson (born 1952), American football tight end
Graham Richardson, Australian politician
Graham Richardson (born 1970), Canadian television journalist
Greg Richardson (born 1958), American boxer
Gregory Richardson (born 1982), Guyanese footballer
Grover C. Richardson (1948–2014), American politician
Guy Richardson (1921–1965), British rower

H
H. Richardson, New Zealand cricketer
H. L. Richardson (1927–2020), American politician
Hadley Richardson (1891–1979), first wife of American author Ernest Hemingway
Ham Richardson (1933–2006), American tennis player
Hamilton Richardson (1820–1906), American businessman
Hardy Richardson (1855–1931), American professional baseball player
Harriet Richardson (1874–1958), American carcinologist
Harry Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Harry or Harold
Heather Richardson-Bergsma (born 1989), American speedskater
Helen Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Henry Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Herbert Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Hester Dorsey Richardson (1862-1933), American author
Holden C. Richardson (1878–1960), United States Navy officer and naval aviation pioneer
Hollon Richardson (1835–1916), American Union Army officer
Horace Richardson (American football) (born 1993), American football player
Howard Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Hugh Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people

I
Ian Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Iliff David Richardson (1918–2001), US officer
Ira Richardson (1871–1958), American academic
Israel Bush Richardson (1815–1862), American general
Ivie Richardson (1895–1960), South African tennis player
Ivor Richardson (1930–2014), New Zealand jurist and legal writer

J
J. Richardson, English cricketer
Jack Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Jackie Richardson, Canadian singer and actress
Jackson Richardson (born 1969), French handball player
Jake Richardson (born 1985), American actor
James Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Jane Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Jason Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Jay Richardson (born 1984), American football linebacker
Jayme Richardson (born 1989),  Australian Paralympic cyclist
Jeff Richardson (disambiguation), several people
Jeramie Richardson (born 1983), American football fullback
Jerome Richardson (1920–2000), American jazz musician
Jerry Richardson (1936–2023), American NFL player
Jess Richardson (1930–1975), American Professional Football player
Jhye Richardson (born 1996), Australian cricketer
Jiles Perry Richardson (The Big Bopper) (1930–1959), American rock and roll musician
Jillian Richardson (born 1965), Canadian athlete
Jim Richardson (born 1941), English jazz bassist
Jo Richardson, British politician
Jock Richardson (1911–1986), Scottish footballer
Joely Richardson, British actress
John Richardson (disambiguation) multiple people by this name
John V. Richardson Jr. (born 1949), American professor
Johnson William Richardson (1834–1862), first westbound rider for the Pony Express
Johnstone Richardson (1899–1994), New Zealand rugby union player
Jon Richardson, comedian
Jonathan Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Jorge Richardson (born 1976), Puerto Rican track and field athlete
Joseph Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Joseph or Joe
Josh Richardson (born 1993), American professional basketball player
Julie Richardson, former professional tennis player
Julieanna Richardson (born 1954), American lawyer

K
Kane Richardson born (1991), Australian international cricketer
Kareem Richardson (born 1974), American basketball coach
Karena Richardson (born 1959), British ice skater
Kate Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Katherine Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Catherine, Cathy, Katharine, Katherine, Kathy, or Katie
Kathleen Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Kaylin Richardson (born 1984), American alpine ski racer
Keith Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Kelly Richardson (born 1972), Canadian artist
Ken Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Ken or Kenneth
Kent Richardson (born 1987), American football cornerback
Kevin Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Kieran Richardson, English footballer
Kieron Richardson (born 1986), English actor
Kyle Richardson (born 1973), American National Football League punter
Kyle Richardson (born 1987), Australian freestyle swimmer
Kym Richardson, Australian politician

L
LaTanya Richardson (born 1949), American actress and producer
Laura Richardson (born 1962), American politician
Lawrence Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Lawrence, Larry, or Laurence
Leam Richardson, English footballer
Leander Richardson (1856–1918), American journalist, playwright, theatrical writer and author
Lee Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Leigh Richardson (1924–2008), Honduran-born Belizean politician
Len Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Leon Richardson (born 1957), Antiguan cyclist
Levi Richardson (1851–1879), American gunman, gambler and buffalo hunter
Lewis Richardson, English boxer
Lewis Fry Richardson (1881–1953), English mathematician
Linsdall Richardson (1881–1967), British geologist
Liza Richardson, American music supervisor
Lloyd Richardson, Sint Maarten politician and physician
Lorne Richardson (born 1950), Canadian Football League defensive back
Louie Richardson (born 1985), professional Canadian football defensive end
Louise Richardson, Irish academic, Principal of the University of St Andrews
Luke Richardson (born 1969), Canadian hockey player
Lunsford Richardson (1854–1919), U.S. pharmacist
Lyndel Richardson (born 1986), Anguillan cricketer
Lynn Richardson, Canadian artist and sculptor
Lyon Richardson (born 2000), American baseball player

M
Maisie Richardson-Sellers (born 1992), English actress
Malachi Richardson (born 1996), American professional basketball player
Marc, Debra, and Jacob Richardson, Canadian victims of the Richardson family murders in 2006
Marcus Richardson (born 1984), American football linebacker
Marcia Richardson (born 1972), English athlete
Marie Richardson (born 1959), Swedish stage and film actress
Margaret Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Marion Richardson (1892–1946), British educator and author
Mark Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Marque Richardson (born 1985), American actor
Martin Richardson (born 1941), British-American scientist
Marvin Thomas Richardson (born 1941), American politician
Mary Richardson (1882/3?–1961), Canadian suffragette and vandalist
Matterral Richardson (born 1985), American Football cornerback
Matthew Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Maurice Howe Richardson (1851–1912), US surgeon and inventor
Max Richardson (born 1948), Australian rules footballer
Max Richardson (sailor), British sailor
Mel Richardson, American politician
Michael Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Michael or Mike
Michele Richardson (born 1969), American competition swimmer
Mick Richardson (1874–1920), English footballer
Midge Richardson (1930–2012), American nun and educator
Milo Barnum Richardson (1849–1912), American politician
J. Milton Richardson (1913–1980), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas
Miranda Richardson, British actress

N
Naazim Richardson (died 2020), American boxer and boxing trainer
Naomi Sewell Richardson (1892–1993), American suffragist
Natasha Richardson (1963–2009), British actress
Neil Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Nicholas Richardson, British Classical scholar
Nick Richardson, English footballer
Nicole Richardson (born 1970), Australian softball player
Nolan Richardson (born 1941), American basketball head coach
Nolan Richardson III (1964–2012), American college basketball coach
Nolen Richardson (1903–1951), American baseball player
Norman Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Norman or Norm

O
Origen Richardson (1795–1876), American politician
Owen Willans Richardson (1879–1959), English physicist

P
Paddy Richardson, New Zealand writer
Passion Richardson (born 1975), American former sprint athlete
Patricia Richardson, American actress
Patricia Richardson, British politician
Paul Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Perry Richardson (born 1963), American rock bassist
Perry Richardson Bass (1914–2006), an American heir, investor and philanthropist
Peter Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Philip Richardson, New Zealand Anglican bishop
Phillip Richardson (cyclist) (born 1949), Trinidad cyclist
Phillip J. S. Richardson (1875–1973), British writer on dance
Pooh Richardson (born 1966), American basketball player

Q
Quentin Richardson (b. 1980), NBA basketball player

R
Ralph Richardson (1812–1897), New Zealand politician
Sir Ralph Richardson (1902–1983), British actor
Rex Richardson (born 1983), American politician
Ric Richardson (born 1962), Australian litigant and inventor
Richard Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Richard or Richie
Rico Richardson (born 1991), American football player
Robert Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Robin Richardson, Progressive Conservative party member of the Canadian House of Commons
Roger Wolcott Richardson (1930–1993), American mathematician
Roland Richardson (1878–1949), Canadian-American mathematician
Ron Richardson (1952–1995), American actor and operatic baritone
Ronald Richardson (1927–1998), English cricketer
Roy Richardson (born 1963), former Sint Maartener cricketer
Rupert Richardson (1930–2008), American Civil Rights activist
Russell Richardson (born 1977), Australian professional rugby league footballer
Ruth Richardson (born 1950), New Zealand politician

S
Salli Richardson, American television and film actress
Samuel Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Samuel or Sam
Sarah Richardson (born 1971), Canadian designer and television personality
Scott Richardson (born 1977), English first-class cricketer
Sean Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sha'Carri Richardson (born 2000), American sprinter
 Shane Richardson (rugby league), Australian rugby league administrator
 Shane Richardson (American football), American football coach and player
Shannon Richardson (born 1977), American actress and convicted felon
Shaquille Richardson (born 1992), American football player
Shaun Richardson (born 1985), Arena football linebacker
Shayna Richardson (born 1984), student skydiver
Sheldon Richardson (born 1990), American football defensive end
Sid W. Richardson (1891–1959), Texas businessman and philanthropist
Simon Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Simone Richardson (born 1973), Dutch politician
Soko Richardson (1939–2004), American rhythm and blues drummer
Sophia Foster Richardson (1855–1916), American mathematician
Spec Richardson (1922–2016), American baseball manager
Steve Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Steve, Steven, or Stephen
Stuart Richardson, bassist for the Welsh band Lostprophets
Susan Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Sy Richardson (born 1941), American film and television actor
Sylvan Richardson, British guitarist and composer
Sylvia Richardson, French Bayesian statistician

T
Terry Richardson (born 1965), American fashion photographer
Terry Richardson (ice hockey) (born 1953), Canadian ice hockey player
Terry Richardson (rugby league), English professional rugby league footballer
Thomas Richardson (disambiguation) list of people named "Thomas Richardson"
Tim Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Todd Richardson (born 1976), American politician
Tom Richardson (1870–1912), English cricketer
Tom Richardson (1883–1939), American Major League Baseball player
Tony Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people
Tracey Richardson (born 1982), British diver
Trent Richardson (born 1990), American football running back

U
Udney Richardson (1869–1943), Canadian politician

V
Vaughan Richardson (died 1729), English organist and composer
Victor Richardson (disambiguation), multiple people called Victor or Vic

W
Wally Richardson, English footballer
Wally Richardson (born 1974), American football quarterback
Walter Richardson (disambiguation) list of people named Walter
Wayne Richardson (born 1946), Australian rules footballer
Wendy Richardson (born 1933), Australian playwright
Wes Richardson (1930–2011), Canadian curler
Wilds P. Richardson (1861–1929), American explorer and geographer
William Richardson (disambiguation) list of people named William, Bill, Billy, Will, or Willie
Willis Richardson (1889–1977), American playwright
Willis Richardson, American professional football player-coach
Wyman Richardson (1896–1953), American physician and author

Y
Yvette Richardson, American meteorologist and expert on severe convection/tornadoes

References

English-language surnames
Surnames of Old English origin
Surnames of English origin
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names