The American Wind Symphony Orchestra (AWSO, also called the American Wind Symphony, or AWS) is an American musical ensemble incorporating many of the wind instruments found in a symphony orchestra. It is dedicated to the performance of contemporary classical music, and which is known for having commissioned over 400 new works. Based in Mars, Pennsylvania, the AWSO was founded 1957 and directed for 50 years by the American conductor (and former trumpeter) Robert Austin Boudreau (b. 1927).

Description
The group, whose membership changes from year to year, typically is composed of young professional musicians. Many of the works it performs feature an unusually large instrumentation usually including at least 4 flutes (doubling on piccolo, alto flute, and bass flute), 4 oboes (doubling on English horn and oboe d'amore), 4 bassoons (doubling on contrabassoon and heckelphone), 4 clarinets (doubling on E-flat clarinet, basset horn, bass clarinet, and contrabass clarinet), 4-6 trumpets, 4-7 horns, 4-6 trombones, a bass trombone, and 1-2 tubas. Percussion, harp, piano, and celeste are usually included as well, but, unlike most concert bands, saxophones and euphoniums are never used.

Concert venues
The group usually has performed annually during the summer months on a floating arts center designed by the American architect Louis Kahn. Point Counterpoint II, constructed in 1976, is the second boat used by the orchestra.  The original Point Counterpoint was a coal-transporting barge converted by Kahn in 1961, and named after the Point State Park in downtown Pittsburgh, near where it was constructed. The newer boat was designed to be able to navigate American canals and locks more easily than the original vessel. Kahn died suddenly in 1974, two years before the new boat debuted in celebration of the American Bicentennial.

The Point Counterpoint II measures  long and  wide, and features a large overhead canopy to shelter performers and diffuse the sound.  The underside of the hinged canopy shows a series of square, circular domed, and pyramidal cavities, similar to the ceiling of the Yale University Art Gallery building, an iconic design by Kahn. The overhead structure can be lowered over the barge for protection and easier transport. As a flourish, Boudeau liked to start a performance with Aaron Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man while the hinged canopy gradually opened, revealing the performers.

Aboard, there are also rooms for up to 13 crew members, staff, and the director to live, an art gallery below deck, and a small theater where special patrons' concerts take place. The other personnel of the large group must travel by land, and stay overnight in accommodations provided by hosts of the tours.

In 2017 with the retirement of Robert Boudreau near the age of 90, the future of the orchestra and its home, the Point Counterpoint II, appeared bleak. The 1600-ton barge looked like it was headed for the scrapyard, when renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma wrote in the July New York Review of Books appealing for help. In response, bids to save the vessel came in from London, Paris, Estonia, Philadelphia, Charleston (South Carolina), Washington DC, Kingston (New York), and Buffalo (New York), among other places. , Boudreau is evaluating a number of bids, some reputedly between $3–4 million.

Performances and tours
The founder and longtime conductor of the AWSO has been Robert Boudreau, a graduate of the Juilliard School and a former Fulbright Scholar.  He also held a captain's license, and piloted the Point Counterpoint II on numerous concert tours through canals and rivers in the US and Europe. Each summer, the group has performed on the barge's stage, anchored in one of Pittsburgh's rivers. The group also has performed on the barge along various waterways of the United States (including the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, as well as their tributaries), giving concerts along the way. The orchestra spent three years overseas, where they were present for the Bicentennial celebration of France, the 800th Anniversary in England, and were the first US vessel in Leningrad.

Boudreau took a hiatus of several years after the 2004 residency, but after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita felt compelled to travel to Louisiana in 2006. The post-disaster tour was called the "Spirit of Louisiana", and the reception in the southernmost cities of Louisiana was so great the orchestra returned for a few weeks in 2007. Boudreau once again announced a retirement as music director following the final concert of the 2007 season at Yale University.

A 2008 New England tour was being developed for June and July, to begin at Highcroft, Boudreau's farm in Pine Township, Pennsylvania. The orchestra would have three residencies there, performing at the Caroline Steinman Nunan Amphitheater. The orchestra would then meet up with Point Counterpoint II in Narragansett, Rhode Island, with performances in Maine to follow for several weeks. The orchestra would then proceed up the Hudson River to the Erie Canal and have closing concerts at the end of July back at Highcroft.

Boudreau's wife, Kathleen, has assisted with the organization of the AWSO. She was writing a book on the history of the AWSO from her perspective throughout the years. Together they have planned all the group's tours, reared a large family, and farmed over  in Pennsylvania.

Criticism

Boudreau's leadership of the American Wind Symphony Orchestra has courted controversy over the years. In 1985, he was arrested by Federal marshals for sailing his vessel contrary to US Coast Guard regulations.

Boudreau's actions have at times antagonized the larger professional music community of Pittsburgh, and caused him to be charged with unfair labor practices with regard to the treatment of his musicians.

In March 2013, the Sheriff's Office of Okaloosa County, Florida issued a warrant for Boudreau's arrest, alleging grand theft of $25,000 in appearance fees for a June 2012 concert which the AWSO never performed.  He was never arrested, but went to Florida as required by law, where the authorities took his picture and his fingerprints. Boudreau signed a note that promised he would appear if required before a judge, and returned to Pennsylvania. His lawyer represented him at a later hearing, and the judge dismissed all charges without prejudice. Boudreau has cited a lack of housing for the orchestra members as reason for the failure to perform, and refused to return the funds, claiming that he thought they were "a donation to the orchestra".

Musicians from that summer's tour have also alleged having never been paid for part of the season. The AWSO letter of agreement with musicians specified, “In the event that Orchestra determines at any time that it is unable to complete a substantial portion of its remaining concert schedule, it may forthwith terminate this agreement by notice, oral or written, to Instrumentalist, without any responsibility thereafter to Instrumentalist, except to pay his/her stipend or scholarship grant pro-rated up to one (1) week following the date of such notice." A similar experience took place earlier in the week with the 2015 group of musicians. High and dangerous river conditions, lack of housing, lack of funds, and complaints about talent were among the given excuses for shortening the tour.

Composers commissioned by the AWSO
The AWSO has a long history of commissioning original works, many of which also feature extensive use of percussion instruments:

Samuel Adler
Samuel Akpabot
David Amram
Thom Anderson
Alexander Arutiunian
Blas Atehortua
Georges Auric
Henk Badings
Robert Russell Bennett
Warren Benson
Elmer Bernstein
William Bolcom
Eugène Bozza
Lee Bracegirdle
Henry Brant
Leo Brouwer
Jacques Castérède
Chou Wen-Chung
Paul Creston
Ton de Leeuw
Daniel Dorff
Halim El-Dabh
Akin Euba
Robert Farnon
Luboš Fišer
Jean Françaix
Bernd Franke
Mats Larsson Gothe
Carmago Guarnieri
Alan Hovhaness
J. J. Johnson
George Kleinsinger
Norman Lloyd
Nikolai Lopatnikoff
Ivana Loudová
Toshiro Mayuzumi
Robert McBride
Colin McPhee
Akira Miyoshi
Oliver Nelson
Bo Nilsson
Javier Gimenez Noble
Arne Nordheim
Krzysztof Olczak
Ben-Zion Orgad
Juan Orrego-Salas
Krzysztof Penderecki
Andrei Petrov
Zbigniew Pniewski
Carlos Rafael Rivera
Joaquín Rodrigo
Bernard Rogers
Ned Rorem
Ramon Santos
Jerzy Sapieyevski
Lalo Schifrin
Hale Smith
Harry Somers
Gottfried Stoeltzel
Carlos Surinach
Erkki-Sven Tüür
Ivan Tcherepnin
Sergei Tcherepnin
Roberto Valera
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Healey Willan
Patrick Zuk

References

Renshaw, Jeffrey H. (1991). The American Wind Symphony Commissioning Project: A Descriptive Catalog of Published Editions 1957-1991. Music Reference Collection. Greenwood Press. . .

External links
American Wind Symphony Orchestra Home
Photos

Audio
American Wind Symphony Orchestra audio samples

Video
Video documentary

Musical groups established in 1957
Musical groups from Pittsburgh
Wind bands
Contemporary classical music ensembles
Orchestras based in Pennsylvania
1957 establishments in Pennsylvania


Martin L. McLaughlin is Professor of Italian and Agnelli-Serena Professor of Italian Studies in the Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, University of Oxford where he is a Fellow of Magdalen College. In addition to his published academic results he is the English translator of Umberto Eco's On Literature and Italo Calvino's Hermit in Paris.

Academic research
McLaughlin's research interests include Italian Renaissance literature, Renaissance humanism, Renaissance literary theory, Renaissance biography, Alberti, Petrarch, Poliziano, Tasso, the classical legacy in Italian literature, contemporary Italian Fiction, Italo Calvino, Andrea De Carlo, and translation studies. He teaches Italian language and literature, especially Dante, Renaissance literature from Petrarch to Tasso, post-war fiction especially Calvino, the Italian short story, and translation studies.

Published works
Literary Imitation in the Italian Renaissance, Oxford Modern Language and Literature Monographs (London: Clarendon Press, 1995)
Italo Calvino, Writers of Italy (Edinburgh University Press, 1998)
Translator, Italo Calvino, The Path to the Spider's Nest (London: HarperCollins, 1998)
Translator, Italo Calvino, Why Read The Classics? (London: Cape, 1999)
Editor, Britain and Italy from Romanticism to Modernism: A Festschrift for Peter Brand (Oxford: Legenda, 2000)
Translator, Italo Calvino, Hermit in Paris. Autobiographical Writings (London: Cape, 2003)
Translator, Umberto Eco, On Literature (London: Secker & Warburg, 2005)
Editor, with Peter Hainsworth, Biographies and Autobiographies in Modern Italy (Oxford: Legenda, 2007)
Editor, with Birgitte Grundtvig and Lene Waage Petersen, 'Image, Eye and Art' in Calvino: Writing Visibility (Oxford: Legenda, 2007)
Editor, with Letizia Panizza and Peter Hainsworth, Petrarch in Britain: Interpreters, Imitators, and Translators Over 700 Years (Oxford University Press, 2007)
Editor, with Michelangelo Zaccarello, Dante in Oxford: The Paget Toynbee Lectures 1995-2005 (Oxford: Legenda, April 2008)

References

Living people
British literary historians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Linguists from the United Kingdom
Academics of the University of Oxford
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
British translators
Serena Professors of Italian (University of Oxford)


Maxavia was a charter airline based in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

The airline was on the List of air carriers banned in the European Union.

External links
Maxavia

References

Defunct airlines of Kyrgyzstan
Airlines established in 2006


Accord plc, previously Accord Operations, was a public services provider based in Hertfordshire, England.

History
Accord was established by Stelio Stefanou in 1999 by a demerger of the John Doyle Group. On 21 September 2007, after eight years of growth, the company was acquired by Enterprise plc for £180m.

Operations
Company services included business, environmental, highways, housing and technical services mainly for local authorities. The company had some 50 offices and employed 3,000 people. It undertook the entire facilities management service for Westminster City Council.

References

External links

Business services companies of the United Kingdom
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Streetworks
Business services companies established in 1999
British companies established in 1999
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1999


Nylink  is a non-profit, totally member-supported cooperative serving libraries and cultural heritage organizations of all types.  Based in Albany, New York, Nylink members are located in New York state and surrounding areas. Nylink's 300-plus member institutions include academic libraries, public libraries, library systems, corporate libraries, court libraries, government agency libraries, gardens, museums and other cultural heritage organizations.  Additionally, Nylink has more than 2,000 affiliate institutions who participate in or acquire services that Nylink offers.

Nylink announced in May, 2010, that the organization will phase out its operations over the next 12 months, with permanent closure planned for May 2011.  Steep declines in Nylink's revenue as a result of fundamental changes in its business environment have seriously degraded Nylink's ability to remain fully self-supporting. Nylink staff will continue to serve members through the coming year.

History
Nylink was founded in 1973 as the SUNY/OCLC Network, providing access and support to OCLC's core services (cataloging and resource sharing) for New York State libraries.  Nylink originated as one of fifteen regional service providers (RSPs) for OCLC, developed to provide personalized support for a suite of OCLC services.  In April 1999, the SUNY/OCLC Network changed its name to Nylink to reflect  its more diverse membership and services.

Nylink is governed by the Nylink Advisory Board, made up of representatives from all constituencies of Nylink members, elected by the membership.

Collaboration
Nylink's mission is "Supporting Libraries through Collaboration and Innovation.” Nylink accomplishes this through working with other NYS library organizations and other regional service providers, as well as working for libraries to provide training, support, and advocacy.
2000: Nylink secured an IMLS grant to start Nylink's IT Fluency Institute.  The Fluency Institute developed into a year-round continuing education program.  Nylink's professional development  where information technology is only one component, is available to staff as face-to-face classes throughout New York, and anytime and anywhere as online classes.
2001: Nylink was a voting member of the NISO standard Z39.85-2001, “Dublin Core Metadata Standard”.  The Dublin Core metadata standard has become a mainstay in the library community to describe digital objects.
2006: Nylink and eleven other OCLC networks joined to form the Network Education Exchange (NEE) .  Through this agreement, Nylink members can take training classes at any other OCLC network at member rates.

Nylink has partnered with the Northeast Document Conservation Center, ENY/ACRL, the Eastern New York division of the Association of college and Research Libraries, the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services (ALCT), LITA, the Library and Information Technology Association, and many other organization to provide training for librarians and information professionals.

Nylink works with the New York State Library Association, participating on the conference program committee, NYLA sections and by supporting its annual conference as an exhibitor.

Nylink works with the New York State Higher Education Initiative (NYSHEI), recently negotiating an Elsevier contract for NYSHEI and Nylink to provide a substantial cost saving for New York libraries.

Nylink works with New York's 3Rs Councils (NY3R's)  to support NYS libraries, collaborating on training, providing access to databases, cataloging, and resource sharing.

Resource sharing across New York
LAND , a statewide ground delivery service for transporting materials between participating libraries, was created and is administered by Nylink.  For a flat annual rate, LAND participants can send and receive an unlimited number of items. LAND will remain available through December 2010.

In January 2004, Nylink began working with SUNY Geneseo to support the Information Delivery Service (IDS) pilot program.   The IDS Project is a cooperative resource sharing system designed to implement and evaluate a set of common transaction objectives, policies, and procedures among participating libraries that will help optimize mutual access to the information resources contained within those libraries.  The foundation of the project is based upon each participating library meeting the performance standards outlined in the IDS Project contract, using the OCLC ILLiad Resource Sharing Management System and the LAND Delivery System.  IDS has gained attention nationwide through the ATLAS ILLiad conferences.

Additional services
Nylink will continue to offer databases, E-book and journals, online encyclopedias, and other electronic resources to libraries at discounted rates for the next year. Nylink serves as the administrator on behalf of libraries, working with vendors, and providing the libraries with fiscal services and support.  Nylink also offers consulting services on a wide range of subject areas.

References

External links
Press release: Nylink to Wind Down Operations Over Next 12 Months
Nylink Closure FAQ
Alternative Providers for Nylink Services and Products
IDS Project

Non-profit organizations based in New York (state)
Organizations established in 1973
Cooperatives in the United States
Employee-owned companies of the United States
Library consortia in New York (state)
OCLC
Defunct organizations based in New York (state)
1973 establishments in New York (state)
2011 disestablishments in New York (state)
Organizations disestablished in 2011


Athletic Insight was established in 1999 to serve as a peer-reviewed, nonproprietary journal that would provide a forum for discussion of topics that are relevant to the field of sport psychology through a quarterly online publication.

It is covered by in the PsycINFO database.

References

External links

Academic journals established in 1999
Psychology journals
Quarterly journals
Online-only journals
Sports psychology


"Experiencia Religiosa" (English: Religious Experience) is the second single released by Spanish singer-songwriter Enrique Iglesias from his eponymous debut studio album Enrique Iglesias (1995), It was released by Fonovisa on 11 December 1995 (see 1995 in music). The song was awarded "Pop Song of the Year" at the Lo Nuestro Awards award, and the Music Video also was nominated for Video of the Year the previous year. The track was written by Chein García Alonso, produced by Rafael Pérez-Botija and became another successful release for Iglesias. The song includes a gospel arrangement on the choruses. An Italian version was also released on the Italian pressings of the album Enrique Iglesias. The track debuted in the United States Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart at number 33 on 10 February 1996, while his previous single was at number 4 on the same chart. The track peaked at number 1, for three weeks on 20 April 1996. The single spent five weeks in Billboard's top 20 Mexican Regional Songs, peaking at number 2. According to the newspaper El Siglo de Torreón, the music was well performed in cities of: Chile, México, and Puerto Rico.

Charts

Boyzone version

Irish boy band Boyzone did an English-language cover of the song, entitled "Mystical Experience". The track was released as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, A Different Beat (1996), however only featured on the US version of the album. Subsequently, the single was only released in America. In the UK, a promotional disc was issued with their VHS Something Else, containing the song. It was the song's only official release in the UK. The video for the track featured on the VHS. The video features the group performing in a suburban wasteland, which features cameo from Enrique Iglesias himself. The group also did a version of the song in its native Spanish language, using the original Spanish title. This version was also included on the US version of A Different Beat and was included as the B-side to their previous single, Isn't It a Wonder.

Track listing
 'Something Else' promotional disc
 "Mystical Experience" – 4:11

 US CD1
 "Mystical Experience" – 4:11
 "Experiencia Religiosa" – 4:11

 US CD2
 "Mystical Experience" (SLI Dance Remix) – 4:11
 "Mystical Experience" (Spanglish Version SLI Dance Remix) – 4:11
 "Mystical Experience" (SLI Instrumental) – 4:11
 "Mystical Experience" – 4:11
 "Mystical Experience" (Spanglish Version) – 4:11

 Cassette single
 "Mystical Experience" – 4:11
 "Experiencia Religiosa" – 4:11
 "Mystical Experience" (SLI Dance Remix) – 4:11

Charts

See also
List of number-one Billboard Hot Latin Tracks of 1996

References

1995 singles
1995 songs
1997 singles
Enrique Iglesias songs
Spanish-language songs
1990s ballads
Pop ballads
Rock ballads
Fonovisa Records singles
Songs written by Chein García-Alonso


These are lists of persons (students, alumni, faculty or academic affiliates) associated with the Claremont Graduate University in California, United States. With over 23,000 alumni, people listed here are CGU distinguished alumni award recipients, distinguished alumni service award recipients, and members of the alumni hall of fame, among others.

Notable faculty and staff

Humanities
Douglass Adair - American historian and historiographer
Richard Armour - Poet and author who wrote over sixty-five books
John Lemmon - Logician and philosopher
Leonard Levy - Andrew W. Mellon All-Claremont Professor of Humanities and Chairman of the Graduate Faculty of History
Michael S. Roth - Arts & Humanities; historian, author, curator; 16th president of Wesleyan University; 8th president of California College of the Arts

Social sciences
Alfred Balitzer - Professor of government
Eric Helland - Professor at Claremont McKenna College and CGU; Senior Economist, Institute for Civil Justice, RAND Corporation
Alan Heslop - Academic and government consultant
Charles R. Kesler - Professor of Government/Political Science at Claremont McKenna College and CGU; editor of the Claremont Review of Books
Jacek Kugler - World politics scholar, past President of International Studies Association, and Peace Science Society
Hilton Root - Academic and policy specialist in international political economy and development
Michael Uhlmann - Assistant attorney general in the Gerald Ford administration as well as special assistant to the President during Ronald Reagan’s first term in office
Paul J. Zak - Center for Neuroeconomics Studies

Behavioral and organizational sciences
Dale Berger - Cognitive psychologist and research methodologist
William Crano - Fellow of the American Psychological Association and Association for Psychological Science
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - Psychology professor who is noted for work in the study of happiness, creativity, and as the architect of the notion of flow
Stewart Donaldson -  Distinguished university professor known for his work on evaluation science and positive organizational psychology
Michael Hogg - Social psychologist
Kathy Pezdek -  Cognitive psychologist specializing in the study of eyewitness memory
Michael Scriven - Past president of the American Educational Research Association and the American Evaluation Association
Allan Wicker - Recognized for contributions to ecological psychology and the attitude-behavior relationship

Business and management
Peter Drucker - Widely influential thinker and writer on management theory and practice; self-described "social ecologist"
Ira Jackson -  Dean of Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management
Roger Johnson - Businessman and government official
Jean Lipman-Blumen - Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Organizational Behavior
Ikujiro Nonaka - Influential person on business thinking, known for his study of knowledge management

Mathematics and information
Paul Gray - School of Information Systems and Technology (Emeritus)
William J. LeVeque - Mathematician and administrator; executive director of the American Mathematical Society

Health and sciences
Sherwin Carlquist - Botanist and photographer
Robert Folger Thorne - Botanist

Arts
Peter Boyer - Composer, conductor, and professor of music
Roger Edward Kuntz - Landscape painter; member of the Claremont Group of painters
Suzanne Muchnic - Art critic, journalist, writer
David Pagel - Art critic

Religion
Richard Bushman - Visiting Professor in Mormon Studies
Ingolf Ulrich Dalferth - Philosopher of religion and theologian
Jane Dempsey Douglass – feminist theologian and ecclesiastical historian; president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches
John Hick - Philosopher of religion and theologian
Jack Miles - Author; winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the MacArthur Fellowship
Dewi Zephaniah Phillips - Philosopher of religion
Rosemary Radford Ruether - Feminist scholar and theologian
Deepak Shimkhada - Adjunct Professor, Board of Visitors of School of Religion

Notable alumni

Government, politics, and international organizations
Srettha Thavisin (MBA) - 30th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand
Michael Anton (MA) - Lecturer and research fellow at Hillsdale College, senior fellow at the Claremont Institute, and former Deputy Assistant to the President for Strategic Communications on the United States National Security Council
Stephen Cambone (Ph.D. 1982) - First U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
Tom Cotton (master's degree program) - United States Senator and Congressman from Arkansas
Enid H. Douglass (MA 1959) - City Council member; Mayor of Claremont, California 1982–1986; oral historian
David Dreier (MA 1976) - Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 2013; Chairman of the House Rules Committee from 1999 to 2007 and 2011 to 2013
Jonathan D. Farrar (MA) - Chief of Mission of the United States Interests Section in Havana, Cuba
Kenneth J. Hagan (Ph.D. 1970) - Naval historian
Steven F. Hayward (MA/Ph.D.) - Author, political commentator, AEI policy scholar
Teresa Patterson Hughes (Ph.D. 1973) - Professor of education at California State University, Los Angeles; California State Assembly Member (1975–1992); California State Senator (1993–2000)
Susan M. Leeson (Ph.D. 1971) - Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Ronald F. Lehman (Ph.D. 1975) - Director of the Center for Global Security Research, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy; Department of State's U.S. Chief Negotiator on (START I); and Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
Mary Parker Lewis (MA) - Political consultant
Philippe Maystadt (MA 1973) - Former Belgian Minister for Economic Affairs, Minister of Finance, and Deputy Prime Minister as well as current President of European Investment Bank, Luxembourg, Belgium
Paul O'Neill (MA 1961) - United States Secretary of the Treasury; chairman of the RAND Corporation
Susan Orr (Ph.D. 1992) - Head of the Office of Population Affairs and United States Children's Bureau
Verne Orr (Ph.D. 2005) - 14th Secretary of the Air Force
Panpree Pahitranukorn (:th:ปานปรีย์ พหิทธานุกร) (Ph.D. in Public Administration) - Former Thai trade representative, Thailand's ex-deputy Commerce Minister, board member of PTT Public Company Limited
Robert R. Reilly (MA 1978) - Former Director, Voice of America
Peter W. Schramm (Ph.D. 1981) - Professor of Political Science; the Executive Director of the Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs
Jack Scott (Ph.D. 1970) - California State Senator; Chancellor, California Community Colleges
Kermit Staggers (Ph.D. 1986) - Professor of history, University of Sioux Falls; South Dakota Senator and Sioux Falls City Councilman
Michael Uhlmann (Ph.D. 1978) - Visiting professor of government in the department of politics and policy at Claremont Graduate University and Claremont McKenna College; assistant attorney general in the Gerald Ford administration; special assistant to President Ronald Reagan
Jerry Voorhis (MA) - Democratic US House of Representatives from California
Diane Watson (Ph.D. 1988) - Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011
 Abdulla Yameen - President of The Maldives, elected in 2013

Academia and science
William Barclay Allen (MA 1968/Ph.D. 1972) - Political scientist at Michigan State University
Joyce Appleby (Ph.D. 1966) - Historian at UCLA; President of the Organization of American Historians and the American Historical Association
Larry P. Arnn (MA 1976/Ph.D. 1985) - Educator and writer; 12th. and current president of Hillsdale College
José Aybar (Ph.D. 1978) - President of Richard J. Daley College
Sacvan Bercovitch (Ph.D. 1965) - Americanist, literary and cultural critic; Powell M. Cabot Research Professor at Harvard University; visiting faculty member at the School of Criticism and Theory at Dartmouth College
Elizabeth Castelli (MA 1986/Ph.D. 1987) - Professor of Religion, Barnard College
Angelo Codevilla (Ph.D. 1973) - Professor Emeritus of International Relations at the Pardee School of Global Studies, Boston University
Nicholas Cummings (MA) - Psychologist and former president of the American Psychological Association
Jack Cuzick (Ph.D. 1974) - John Snow Professor of Epidemiology at the Wolfson Institute, Queen Mary University of London
Stewart Donaldson (Ph.D. 1991) - Distinguished University Professor known for his work on evaluation science and positive organizational psychology; Executive Director of the Claremont Evaluation Center and the Evaluators' Institute (TEI), and Past President of the American Evaluation Association
Jacqueline Powers Doud (Ph.D. 1976) - President of Mount St. Mary's College
John C. Eastman (Ph.D.) - Politician; former professor and dean at Chapman University School of Law; staff member at the Claremont Institute; former law clerk to Clarence Thomas; attorney for Donald Trump during his attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
Irene Eber (Ph.D.1966) - Sinologist and historian, Louis Frieberg Professor of East Asian Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
David H. French (MA 1940) - Anthropologist and linguist
Edmond Haddad (Ph.D. 1982) - President, Middle East University in Beirut, Lebanon
Arthur Janov (Ph.D.) - Psychologist, psychotherapist, and the creator of primal therapy
Robert Erwin Johnson (Ph.D. 1956) - Professor of history and considered "one of the finest scholars of the nineteenth century U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard"
David Keirsey (Ph.D. 1967) - Psychologist
Robert E. Kennedy (Ph.D.) - President of California Polytechnic State University
Marjorie Dean Lewis (Ph.D. 1992) - President of Cypress College
Munir Mandviwalla (Ph.D. 1995) - Founding Chair, Department of MIS, Temple University
Christopher Manfredi (Ph.D. 1987) - Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Professor of Political Science at McGill University in Montreal
Eugene S. Mills (Ph.D. 1952) - President, University of New Hampshire, 1974-79
Warren Montag (MA 1981/Ph.D. 1989) - Brown Family Professor in Literature and English, Occidental College
Milton C. Moreland (MA/Ph.D.) - Archaeologist and president of Centre College
Vincent Phillip Muñoz (Ph.D. 2001) - Associate Professor, Political Science, University of Notre Dame
Franklin Patterson (Ph.D. 1955) - First president of Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts
Tomas J. Philipson (MA 1985) - Daniel Levin Chair in Public Policy at the University of Chicago
Margaret R. Preska (Ph.D. 1969) - President, Minnesota State University, Mankato (1979–92); CEO and Provost, Immanuel Kant State University of Russia (1998–99)
Kathleen Ross (Ph.D.) - Founding president of Heritage University
Mark Rupert (Ph.D. 1987) - Professor and Chair, Political Science, Syracuse University
 Daniel Scoggin (Ph.D.) - Founding CEO, Great Hearts Academies
Jem Spectar (MA/Ph.D.) - President of the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown.
F. Jay Taylor (MA 1950) - President of Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, 1962–1987
Laurence Thompson (MA 1947) - USC professor of East Asian/Taiwanese languages and cultures
William Van Cleave (MA 1965/Ph.D. 1967) - Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, Department of Defense, and Department of State; founder of the program of Defense and Strategic Studies at University of Southern California and Missouri State University
Donald V. Weatherman (Ph.D.) - President, Lyon College
Eileen Wilson-Oyelaran (Ph.D. 1977) - President of Kalamazoo College
Donald Yacovone (Ph.D. 1984) - Historian and research manager at Harvard University's W.E.B. Du Bois Institute, and an associate at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University

Business and industry
 Min-Shun "Diana" Chen (MBA 1997) - Chairperson/CEO, Taipei World Financial Center (Taipei 101)
Michael Crooke (Ph.D. 2008) - Professor of Strategy Pepperdine University and University of Oregon, former Navy SEAL, CEO of Patagonia, Inc. (1999–2006)
Rajiv Dutta (MBA 1982) - President of Skype and PayPal
Nabeel Gareeb (MS) - Former CEO of MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc.; sixth highest paid CEO in 2007 (with a salary of $79.6 million)
Sandy Lerner (MA 1977) - Co-founder, Cisco Systems; founder, Urban Decay Cosmetics

Fine arts
Bas Jan Ader (MA 1967) - Dutch conceptual artist, filmmaker, performance artist, and photographer
Lewis Baltz (MA 1971) - Visual artist; Professor for Photography at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland
Bennett Bean (MA 1966) - Ceramic artist
Karl Benjamin (MA 1960) - Painter of vibrant geometric abstractions
Greg Colson (MFA 1980) - Artist best known for wall sculptures constructed of salvaged materials
Kim Dingle (MFA 1990) - Contemporary artist working in paint, sculpture and installation
John Frame (MFA 1980) - Sculptor, photographer, composer and filmmaker
William Hemmerdinger (MFA 1975/Ph.D.) - Artist, writer, gallery owner, educator
Ferne Jacobs (MFA) - Fiber artist and basket-maker
James Strombotne (MA 1959) - Painter
James Turrell (MA 1973) - Installation artist primarily concerned with light and space
Claire Van Vliet (MA) - Fine artist, illustrator and typographer
Lisa Adams (MFA 1980) - Painter

Literature and performing arts
Luis Aguilar-Monsalve (MA) - Author and professor
Ashleigh Brilliant (MA 1958) - Author and syndicated cartoonist
Ian Fowles (MA 2008) - Musician and author
Daniel Lewis (MA 1951) - Orchestral conductor and pedagogue; Professor Emeritus at University of Southern California
Suzanne Muchnic (MFA 1963) - Art critic and art writer for the Los Angeles Times; lecturer on Art History and Criticism at CGU and University of Southern California
Edith Pattou (MA 1979) - Author
Rachel Pollack (MA) - Science fiction author; comic book writer; expert on divinatory tarot
Benjamin Saltman (Ph.D. 1967) - Poet, professor of verse writing and contemporary American literature
Michael Shermer (Ph.D. 1991) - Founding publisher of Skeptic magazine; monthly columnist for Scientific American; author of Why Darwin Matters, The Science of Good and Evil, and Why People Believe Weird Things
Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr. (MA/Ph.D.) - Author, military historian and illustrator

Religion
Bhikkhu Bodhi (Ph.D. 1972) (civilian name Jeffrey Block) - Buddhist monk, translator of important works in the Pāli Canon, President and Editor of Buddhist Publication Society, Chairman of the Yin Sun Foundation, Chairperson of Buddhist Global Relief
Craig A. Evans (MA/Ph.D.) - Theologian, Acadia Divinity College
David Ray Griffin (Ph.D. 1970) - Professor of philosophy of religion and theology
Nancy R. Howell (MA/Ph.D.) - Professor of Theology and Philosophy of Religion
Marvin Meyer (Ph.D. 1979) - Griset Professor of Bible and Christian Studies, Chapman University
George F. Regas (Ph.D. 1972) - Rector emeritus, All Saints Episcopal Church, Pasadena, California
Deepak Shimkhada - Adjunct Professor, Board of Visitors of School of Religion

Others
Bomani Jones (MA 2006) - Sports writer and commentator for ESPN Radio's The Right Time
Carol Baker Tharp (Ph.D. 2003) -  American general manager and former executive director.
John G. West (Ph.D. 1992) - Senior Fellow at the Seattle-based Discovery Institute; Associate Director and Vice President for Public Policy and Legal Affairs of its Center for Science and Culture

References

External links
 CGU Distinguished Alumni Award
 CGU Distinguished Alumni Service Award
 CGU Alumni Hall of Fame
 Flame: The Magazine of Claremont Graduate University
 Flame online pdf archive

Claremont Graduate University
People
Claremont Graduate University


Grandview Park Baptist School was a Baptist Christian school located on the east side of Des Moines, Iowa, in the United States which offered a traditional style of education. It was a private school serving the community and affiliated with the adjacent Grandview Park Baptist Church on the east side of Des Moines. The school began classes in 1972 with 78 students in grades K-6.  The school quickly grew to over 530 students in grades K-12. Bible courses were taught at every level of the school and a Biblical world view was instructed throughout each subject & course. The school also had a noted drama program which produced quality plays and presentations each year open to the public.

Sports
The school's team name was the Grandview Defenders and the school's football program made it to the state playoffs twice in its first six years. Grades 7-12 were offered basketball, football, varsity soccer, and volleyball, the latter of which repeatedly went to the state tournament and were the 2002 Class 1A State Champions.. The school was a member of the Bluegrass Conference. Two Defender athletes were honored from the teams as 1A Players of the Year.

Closure
The school ceased operations following the 2013 - 2014 school year due largely to the church and school separation and school faculty transferring en masse to Grand View Christian School which was opened the following term by former faculty of Grandview Park Baptist School.

References

External links
 Parent Church - Grandview Park Baptist Church

Christian schools in Iowa
Defunct Baptist schools in the United States
Private elementary schools in Iowa
Private middle schools in Iowa
Private high schools in Iowa
Schools in Des Moines, Iowa
Iowa High School Athletic Association
1972 establishments in Iowa


The Church of St Mary the Virgin is in the village of Wistaston, Cheshire, England.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Nantwich.

History
It is believed that there has been a church or chapel on or near the present site for nearly 700 years. The first record of a rector goes back to 1379. The first church on the site would have been a wooden building. The existing records start in 1572. In 1827 the decision was taken that "due to decay it [the church] was unsuitable for public worship". The present church was built in 1827–28 to a design by George Latham. The chancel was lengthened, and a transept was added in 1884. Further alterations were made in 1905.

Architecture

Exterior

The church is built in brick with a slate roof.  Its plan consists of a west tower, a nave and a chancel. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner considered that the church is "entirely Georgian" in style and that this style was maintained in the 1884 additions.

Interior
The chancel has oak panelling with carvings of sunflowers.  The reredos contains representations of the Agnus Dei and Alpha and Omega signs.  The right hand chancel window is to a design of Burne-Jones and was made by Morris and Company. In the church is a parish chest dated 1684 and a number of wall memorials dating from the 19th century. The two-manual organ was built by Hill in 1884 and in 1890 it was moved from the west gallery to the south of the chancel. There is a ring of eight bells.  Six of these were cast by Gillett & Johnston in 1920 and the other two in 1982 by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry.

External features
The churchyard contains the war graves of three soldiers and an airman of World War I, and three soldiers of World War II. It also contains the local war memorial.

See also

Listed buildings in Wistaston

References

Church of England church buildings in Cheshire
Grade II listed churches in Cheshire
Churches completed in 1828
19th-century Church of England church buildings
Georgian architecture in Cheshire
Diocese of Chester


Bouknadel (Berber: Buqnadel, ⴱⵓⵇⵏⴰⴷⴻⵍ, Arabic: بوقنادل) is a town on the Atlantic coast of Morocco situated slightly to the north of Rabat and south of Kenitra.
The locale is the site of a former U.S. Naval Radio Transmitter Communications Station (USNRST Bouknadel Morocco). The Naval Airstation was near the town of Kenitra, formerly known as Port Lyautey   Earliest permanent settlement of this area is evidenced at the Phoenician and Roman settlement of Chellah slightly to the south on the banks of the Oued Bou Regreg.

Tourism
Bouknadel became a prime tourism place for foreigners with the development of the beach front property and community developed by prestige the development includes beach front property's on the plage de nations, a PSG soccer training camp, a shopping center and more still in development. Bouknadel is also home to Morocco's arboretum the Exotiques De Bouknadel.

See also
Salé
Rabat
Casablanca
Morocco

References

External links
French web page

Populated places in Rabat-Salé-Kénitra


John Richard Pappenheimer (October 25, 1915 – December 26, 2007) was the George Higginson Professor of Physiology at Harvard University and the thirty-seventh president of the American Physiological Society from 1964 until 1965.

He contributed to a wide range of disciplines within physiology: capillary permeability, respiratory physiology, blood-brain-CSF transport, the neurochemical aspects of sleep, and most recently to the understanding of the absorption of sugars and amino acids in the intestine.

He was the final of three children born to Alwin Max Pappenheimer, Sr., a distinguished pathologist on the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and Beatrice (Leo) Pappenheimer. His siblings were Alwin Max Pappenheimer, Jr. (1908–1995) and Anne Pappenheimer Forbes (1911–1992). He married Helena Palmer in 1949, and they had three sons, Glenn, a poet and teacher 1954-1981, Will Pappenheimer, an artist, and Rick Plant, a musician, and one daughter, Rosamond Pappenheimer Zimmermann (Ros Zimmermann), an artist and poet.

References

External links
Boston Globe: John R. Pappenheimer, 92; taught physiology at Harvard
John Richard Pappenheimer - American Physiological Society

1915 births
2007 deaths
Harvard University faculty
Harvard University alumni
American physiologists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences


In Ancient Greek Religion and mythology, Enodia (also spelled Ennodia and Einodia) (; Greek: , ‘the one in the streets’ or ‘In the Road’) is a distinctly Thessalian Ancient Greek goddess, identified in certain areas or by certain ancient writers with Artemis, Hecate or Persephone. She was paired with Zeus in cult and sometimes shared sanctuaries with him. Enodia was primarily worshipped in Ancient Thessaly and was well known in Hellenistic Macedonia.

Enodia is a goddess of roads, protection (apotropaic), ghosts, purification, the city, and cemeteries. She was included in the local dodekotheon. The goddesses of this dodekotheon were Hestia, Demeter, Enodia, Aphrodite, Athena and Themis.

The name ‘Enodia’ suggests that she watched over entrances and that she stood on the main road into a city, keeping an eye on those who entered, and in the road in front of private homes, protecting the inhabitants that dwelled within. Divinities with this Apotropaic function were expected to keep away dangers such as burglars, malicious spirits, and even pestilence such as mice. Other notable divinites with this function are Hecate, Hermes, and Apollo.

Enodia’s main cult location, especially before the 5th century, was the city of Pherai. Pherai was an important city to Ancient Thessaly, due to the location of the settlement.

There are only two attested priests of Enodia. Timarete of Corinth, who died in Pella, Macedonia, in the late 5th century BC and Chrysame. According to Polyaenus, Cnopus of Codridae was fighting with the Ionians at Erythrai after the recent Ionian colonisation of Asia Minor. Cnopus received an oracle that stated: “to take as general from the Thessalians, the priestess of Ennodia” (στρατηγὸν παρὰ Θεσσαλῶν λαβεῖν τὴν ἱέρειαν τῆς Ἐνοδίας). Chrysame, the priestess mentioned arrived and through her mastery of herbs, poisoned the Erythraians. Due to this, Cnopus led his army to victory. Thessaly was stereotyped as being full of witches that could even draw down the moon, so the association of Chrysame with herbs makes sense.

Iconography

Enodia was sometimes depicted upon coins in Thessaly. She is shown as a young woman, typically riding a horse and carrying torches. A stele dated between the 1st and 2nd century depicts Enodia wearing a chiton poderes, which is cross-girdled under the chest. This stele also depicts her on horseback and accompanied by a dog.

Origins and Civic Expansion Of Enodia’s cult

Before the 5th Century, Enodia's worship was mostly confined to the city of Pherai. Though her epigraphical evidence is first found within the city of Larisa. Pherai was an important city in Ancient Thessaly from the Iron Age, which allowed Enodia to become a Pan-Thessalian goddess. During the 5th century Enodia's cult rapidly expanded through Thessaly, Southern Macedonia, and even expanded into Thrace. According to Polyaenus’ Strategemata, Enodia was supposedly a national deity during the Ionian migration.

The expansion of Enodia's cult is linked to the push for a Thessalian civil identity. The Cults of Pythian Apollo and Enodia were expanded and pushed throughout Thessaly. Yet, there was a fundamental difference between regionalizing the panhellenic Apollo and parochialising a local, regional goddess such as Enodia. She came to be worshipped throughout Thessaly and Macedonia, especially in the Hellenistic and Roman eras.

The usage of Enodia for the new Thessalian civil identity failed, as she was unsuitable divinity for the new Thessalian identity would be constructed when Flamininus refounded the league in 196. She is completely absent from Thessalian coins from the post-Flamininan era. Decrees of the new League were not published in a sanctuary of Enodia; whether at Pherai or elsewhere in Thessaly. There is no evidence of possible investment in any of her sanctuaries and no month of the Thessalian calendar in use after 196 appears to recognise and honour the goddess.

Mythology
One myth of Enodia further connects her with the city of Pherai. As a baby, the goddess Enodia was brought to Pherai at the time of Pheres; which was when the city was in its infancy. She had been found by Pheres’ shepherds. In a way, she had grown up with the city. No other Thessalian city had claimed such a close connection to a single divinity like Pherai did, in a way making Enodia the city’s patron or special divinity.

Ancient Worship
Enodia was worshipped throughout Thessaly, Macedonia, and parts of Thrace. She shared sanctuaries with Zeus and was paired with him in cult. In their shared cult, Zeus was often given the epithet Thaulios. Enodia is possibly the most distinct and best understood of the deities worshipped in Thessaly and her cult was spread from the late fifth and fourth centuries onwards into surrounding regions; Macedonia in particular. In the fourth century, she was a part of the local dodekotheon. The goddesses of this local dodekotheon were Hestia, Demeter, Enodia, Aphrodite, Athena and Themis.

Enodia is also a kourotrophos (i.e. a protector and nurturer of children). An iron key was found inside of a drilled hole of a small base that bares an inscription asking Enodia for help with a child. It suggests that the base was originally placed near something that the key was able to lock and unlock, either literally or symbolically. Another inscription found on a similar base in Larisa asks Enodia for help with a child. These are similar to the hekatia that were placed at entrances. It is unknown if Enodia had this trait originally, or if this arose due to identification with Hecate.

Enodia's chthonic aspects are strongest with her dominion over cemeteries. Her worship often took place or near at cemeteries, such as the sanctuary of Zeus and Enodia in Pherai. Pieces possibly displaced from local tombs were dedicated later to Enodia in the eighth or seventh centuries. Votives consisted mainly of small bronze and iron objects such as jewellery of all kinds but mainly fibulae, bird and animal figurines. The animal figurines feature a wide range of species such as dogs, horses, and possibly bulls and snakes. Fragments from the Archaic sculptural record includes a bull's head. These are sacred to Enodia as and to underworld deities, notably Hecate. There is also the addition of mostly female terracottas from the seventh century onwards. Fibulae were popular votive offerings to the Goddess (which form nearly half of the existent votive records) with their ritual use to fix funerary clothing in Thessalian graves. Fibulae were generally preferred to pins throughout Ancient Thessaly.

The popularity of fibulae votives at the shrine of Enodia suggests that mortuary imagery may have been relevant to the cult. Though the chthonic aspects of the cult should not be overemphasised, as Enodia was also worshipped in a distinctly non-chthonic way; as an Olympian.

She is also a civic goddess. One of Enodia's shrines was placed against the edge of a city, suggesting that she has an interest in civic life. She was also grouped within the Patrooi Theoi, a group of gods in Thessaly of kinship and groups. The other gods in this group with Zeus Thaulios were Enodia, Athena, the Moirai, and Poseidon.

Despite her identification with Hecate or Artemis, Enodia stood on her own as a separate, popular goddess throughout the Hellenistic and Roman eras. In Theocritus’ Idyll II, Hermes Enodia (Hermes with the Epithet Enodia) is mentioned. It refers to a statue of the god at the entrance to an estate.

Epithets of Enodia

 Alexeatis (Greek: Ἀλέξεατις) an Apotropaic epithet, meaning ‘Averter of Evil’. It is mentioned in a 5th c. inscription to Enodia Alexeatis in the city of Larisa.
 Astike (Greek: Αστικές) ‘of the City’ in Larisa
Koroutarra (Greek: Κορουταρρα) ‘which makes one grow’ an unclear epithet that demonstrates a connection with the ancient feminine world or as a provider of food and growth.
Korillos (Greek: Κοριλλος) another unclear epithet that demonstrates a connection with the ancient feminine world.
Osia (Greek: Οσια) is a peculiar epithet of Enodia found within Macedonia that may have a connection to purifications.
Patroa (Greek:  Πατρωα) An epithet meaning ‘ancestral’ or ‘paternal’ attested in a classical votive stone stele beneath Demetrias. Enodia belonged to the group of Patrooi Theoi, a group of gods in Thessaly of kinship and groups.
 Pheraia (Greek: Φεραίᾳ) ‘Of / belonging to / associated with Pherai’. This epithet arose due to Enodia's close connection to the city of Pherai.
Strogike (Greek: Στρογικά) “of lightning", in the sense of a bringer of light. The epithet is invoked with her other epithet patroa at Larisa.
Stathmia (Greek: Σταθμια) an epithet that may be connected to the animal realm due to one of the word stathmos many meanings being stable.
 Wastika (Greek: Ϝαστικᾶι) an epithet possibly referring to an urban aspect of Enodia, or Enodia of the community of Larisa.

Identification with Hecate

Due to the similarities between the two goddesses, such as protecting roads, shared animals, averting evil, etc., it is no surprise that Enodia was identified with Hecate. Due to this, Lucian describes the rites of Hecate at Aigina as being the ‘rites of Enodia’. Pausanias in the Description Of Greece describes Hecate-Enodia receiving a sacrifice of a black puppy at night by the Spartans. This is a typical offering for Hecate, as black dogs are sacred to her.

The identification between Hecate and Enodia dates back to at least the fifth century. By the time of the fourth century, Hecate-Enodia is closely tied with ghosts in On the Sacred Disease, a text that seeks to shame magicians. The text describes multiple ‘Sacred Diseases’ that are said to be caused by the gods, according to the magicians.

Hecate Enodia refers to Hecate's role at crossroads as Trioditis and as Trivia (who is another goddess identified with Hecate) in the Roman Era.

See also

 Thessaly
 Hecate
 Artemis
 Zeus
Chrysame of Thessaly

References

Further reading
Graninger, C. D. "The Regional Cults of Thessaly" (2006 dissertation)
Chrysostomou, P. "Η Θεσσαλική θεά Εν(ν)οδία ή Φεραία θεά". Athens, 1998.
Hecate - Enodia

Greek goddesses
Religion in ancient Macedonia
Religion in ancient Thessaly
Epithets of Artemis
Epithets of Hecate
Epithets of Persephone
Liminal deities
Crossroads mythology
Tutelary deities
Underworld goddesses
Chthonic beings
Childhood goddesses
Kourotrophoi


N series may refer to:
Nokia Nseries, smartphone and tablet product family
Netflix Series, a TV show produced by Netflix
Isuzu Elf, known outside Japan as the N series
Honda N engine
Ford Model N
Ford N-series tractor
Scania N series
Contax N-series cameras
900 hp (670 kW) N series of EMC Winton-engined switchers
Ghandhara Industries N-series vehicles
Acer N series, a series of PDAs
Australian passport, N series
"N" series ("nonperforming") mortgage trusts of the Resolution Trust Corporation
N (video game) and its sequels
Waco N series, biplanes
N series, the seventeenth (2016–17) series of QI

See also
 M series (disambiguation)
 O series (disambiguation)


Biały Słoń (English: White Elephant; Ukrainian: Білий слон, Bily slon) is a Polish name for an abandoned campus of the former Polish Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory of University of Warsaw, located at remote area on the peak of Pip Ivan in the Chornohora range of the Carpathian Mountains, Ukraine. Currently the structure is used as a mountain shelter with a small search and rescue team with some rooms adapted for lodging and recovery.

Along with that Bialy Slon is recognized as a historical landmark and there are restoration activities on the way since 2012 to restore its original conditions in cooperation with the Ciscarpathian National University and the University of Warsaw and scheduled to be finished in 2018. It is considered to be the highest built residential structure in Ukraine.

The closest settlement today is a village of Zelena in Verkhovyna Raion (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast) and territorially belongs to the Zelena rural council. Currently the observatory is classified under the registration number three as a monument of cultural heritage that is not considered for privatization. The facility is located with the Carpathian National Nature Park.

The region was part of the Second Polish Republic when the observatory was established during the interbellum period. Biały Słoń, started in 1937 and completed in the summer of 1938, was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building in Poland. It was located on the international border between the Second Polish Republic and Czechoslovakia that stretched across mountain peaks of the Carpathian Mountains.

Polish observatory

Preparation and construction

According to Wladyslaw Midowicz, the first and only director of the observatory, the construction of "Biały Słoń" was suggested by a group of influential Warsaw astronomers who managed to convince General Leon Berbecki, director of the influential Airborne and Antigas Defence League, to support it. General Tadeusz Kasprzycki, minister of military affairs, also backed the construction of the observatory.

The building design was approved sometime in 1935. Construction of the building began in the summer of 1936 with an official ceremony for the placing of the cornerstone. Biały Słoń was a very expensive structure with total costs exceeding one million Polish złoty, a huge burden on the state budget at the time. The design was based on the Przemyśl Castle and shaped like a letter "L" with a tower.

The whole complex consists of three major features that could be considered as separate structure connected together: a tower, a main building, and smaller service attachment. Biały Słoń had five stories facing the Czechoslovakian side (today Zakarpattia Oblast), and two stories facing the Polish side (today Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast). The whole complex was built mostly from local sandstone. Due to lack of roads, the construction materials were brought by horses, or either by hand or on the backs of local Hutsuls and soldiers of the 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment from the Vorokhta train station located some  away. The walls of a lower attachment and the semi-basement floor have a thickness of , while upper floors - . The roof of a building was covered with copper sheets. On the southern side there was a rotunda on which a telescope was located. The copper dome of the telescope opened automatically.

Biały Słoń had 43 rooms, including a conference hall, living quarters, offices, a cafeteria, a battery station, and a boiler room in the basement (the lower structure). The upper floors were occupied by astronomers and meteorologists, most of whom worked for the State Meteorological Institute and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw. Their work was to carry out meteorological observations for the Polish Air Force. In the lower levels, there were lodgings for soldiers of the "Karpaty" Regiment of the Border Defence Corps, with headquarters in Stryj. Altogether, the number of inhabitants never exceeded 20. Among those who worked there were professor Wlodzimierz Zonn, doctor Jan Gadomski, and professor Eugeniusz Rybka.

Opening and operations
The opening ceremony of the building took place on 29 July 1938. Its official name was the "Observatory of the State Meteorological Institute", but soon it took on the nickname "Biały Słoń", due to the color of its walls. The observatory was lavishly equipped, with a custom-made astrograph and refracting telescope made by the British company Grubb Parsons of Newcastle upon Tyne. It had its own power plant with two diesel motor-generators and central heating fueled by oil, which was transported in iron barrels from the Polmin company in Borysław (today Boryslav). The military authorities also installed their own equipment, including two radiotelephone prototypes constructed to withstand high altitude.

The observatory was located in a remote, deserted area, with the nearest store and mail office  away (at Żabie, today Verkhovyna), the nearest doctor  away, and a rail station in Kolomyia as far as  away. The director of the observatory, Mykulychyn native Władysław Midowicz, wrote that the staff's main problem, however, was water, as no waterworks had been constructed and it had to be carried from a stream  away.

For fourteen months (July 1938-September 1939) the observatory was the highest-elevated, permanently inhabited, building in interbellum Poland. As entry was permitted only with a special military pass, local Hutsuls made up several legends about the building and its inhabitants. Wladyslaw Midowicz wrote that the Hutsuls thought that the observatory was in fact a mighty cannon, capable of attacking neighboring countries.

World War II and abandonment

On 18 September 1939, following the Soviet aggression on the eastern part of Poland (see: Kresy), the personnel of the observatory packed the most important equipment (including the refractor) and left for the Hungarian border. At first it was taken to the Budapest Konkoly Observatory, and then the Vienna Observatory by the end of the war. Within the first years after the war, the equipment returned to Poland. The three-lens objective today is located in the Silesian Planetarium (Katowice).

By the end of the month, the Red Army had captured the building. After the region was united with the Ukrainian SSR, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) sent an expedition. On 31 December 1939 the first academician-astronomer of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Oleksandr Orlov, visited the observatory. He established that the most valuable equipment has been taken out of the building, including five large-diameter lenses, two lenses of smaller diameter, two micrometers, and two chronometers. Based on Orlov's report, the NASU Presidium declared that the Carpathian Astronomical Observatory (the newly acquired name) was to be transferred to the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, based on a resolution of the government of the Ukrainian SSR of 2 January 1940. Orlov was appointed the director of the Carpathian Observatory. Until June 1941, it was used as a meteorological station. In the summer of 1941 (see: Operation Barbarossa), the Observatory was seized by the Wehrmacht, which in turn was turned over to the Hungarian troops, who were stationed there until winter 1941. After that, the deserted building became a ruin, even though it had not been damaged during the war. The locals reused all remaining materials; even the cast iron batteries were taken away.

It was reported that Germans took out the metal parts of the astrograph to Lviv. Now they are kept indoors at the Lviv University Faculty of Physics.

Revival
Restoration of the building started only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but progress was very slow. In the mid-1990s scientists of the Lviv Polytechnic, led by professor Anatoliy Dultsev, together with their colleagues from Warsaw Polytechnic, brought forward the idea of rebuilding the observatory. In October 1996 a special conference took place in Lviv and Yaremche, but no works had been started.

On 24 January 2002 another scientific council took place in Yaremche to revive the rebuilding project for the observatory. In the beginning of October 2002 the head of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast administration, Mykhailo Vyshyvaniuk, sent an official letter to the President of Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma, about the project. By the end of November that year, Vyshyvaniuk received an answer from the First Deputy of the presidential administration, Valeriy Khoroshkovskiy, stating that the proposition was reviewed and recognized as one for international discussion for the restoration. In that regard, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was given the required orders. Between 1998 and 2010 there were about a dozen summer expeditions that contributed to the reconstruction of the building.

In 2012 the Ministry of Culture of Poland directed about $70,000 as a grant program in partnership with the Ciscarpathian University. With contributions from Warsaw and the Ciscarpathian University, the total amount of money allocated for preparation works amounted to $100,000. From July 2012 some preparation work started and continued in the fall of 2012, where all window openings were sealed with bricks and the roof was covered. It was decided to enclose the building in order to get rid of moisture. The whole cost of the project is $2 million. Initially, the project was to be finished by 28 July 2015.

Since at least 2015, there has been a small chapel next to the former observatory complex.

In December 2017 it was reported that the White Elephant will be equipped with a lightning protection system, and the Ciscarpathian University had already ordered documentation for a projected budget. The lightning prevention system was intended to be installed by the summer of 2018.

Mountain rescue post

Since 2015, the building has been home to a mountain rescue post of the Ivano-Frankivsk branch of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The post is unique as the most high-altitude government institution in Ukraine. The post is insulated and electrified. There is Wi-Fi and a separate space for visitors.

The tourist traffic over Chornohora Ridge is constant and exceeds 6,000 people per month in summer, according to statistics of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in 2017. Between the summer of 2016 and summer of 2017, the mountain was visited by 4,000 groups totaling over 22,000 people, of whom 9,000 were foreigners. Some 420 groups totaling about 1,500 people found shelter at the top. The rescue post conducted seven search-and-rescue missions saving eight people, and provided various types of aid to 89 others.

In 2017 a joint Polish-Ukrainian mountain rescue service and a school of mountain rescue were created. During the ongoing restoration activities in 2017, main rooms of mountain shelter were not available, but some provisional space was created without heating.

Gallery

References

External links
 Grand opening of the first stage of restoration of the Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory on Pip Ivan mountain – consecration of a mountain rescue post (УРОЧИСТЕ ВІДКРИТТЯ ПЕРШОЇ ЧЕРГИ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ АСТРОНОМІЧНО-МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНОЇ ОБСЕРВАТОРІЇ НА ГОРІ ПІП ІВАН – посвята рятувального поста гірських рятувальників). State Service of Ukraine on Emergency Situations. 18 September 2017.
 Restoration of the Astronomic Observatory (Відновлення астрономічної обсерваторії). Ciscarpathian Pedagogic University. 25 December 2014
 Pip Ivan (aerial view by quadcopter). YouTube. 2015
 "White Elephant" of the Carpathians - short video dedicated to the Observatory, Polish Institute in Kyiv, 2018.

Buildings and structures completed in 1938
1938 establishments in Poland
Stanisławów Voivodeship
Science and technology in Poland
Defunct astronomical observatories
Buildings and structures in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
University of Warsaw
Mountain huts
Meteorological stations
Verkhovyna Raion
State Emergency Service of Ukraine


Oscar Johnson may refer to:

Oscar Johnson (baseball) (1895–1960), Negro leagues baseball player
Oscar G. Johnson (1921–1998), United States Army soldier
Oscar Johnson (tennis), tennis player
Oscar Johnson (businessman) (c. 1863–1916), American businessman


Livio Abramo (June 23, 1903 – April 26, 1992) was a Brazilian-born Paraguayan sketcher, engraver, and aquarellist.

Abramo was born on June 23, 1903, in Araraquara, Brazil to Italian-Jewish parents of Sephardic background. He described his father as a liberal and his paternal grandfather as an anarchist. Although born in Brazil, he adopted Paraguay as his nation and it was in this country that he produced much of his work.  He is considered to be "a key player in this development of Paraguayan modern art."

In his book Etapas de un itinerario: grabados, dibujos, acuarelas de Livio Abramo (Phases of an Itinerary: Engraves, Drawing and Aquarelles From Livio Abramo) Abramo claimed that his artistic skills were entirely autodidactic, and that many of his creations were inspired by his political views. Scholars consider him to be influenced by Oswaldo Goeldi and by German expressionists such as Käthe Kollwitz.

Beginnings
After obtaining a major prize for his engravings in 1950, he travelled for almost two years in Europe, accompanied by his daughter Larissa. During this time he visited many European museums.

Abramo was a journalist for 33 years, and his political ideologies are expressed in his artistic work. He was very politically active; a trait which landed him in trouble on several occasions, with him spending some time in jail.

Work
Abramo followed the studies of Brazilian nature, known as Itapecerica, Campos de Jordão (Fields of Jordao), and others. Following this, he created the series Obrero (Worker) and Guerra civil española (Spanish Civil War). Years later, he produced the xylo-engrave series in 1948 to illustrate the book Pelo Sertão, written by Brazilian writer Alfonso Arinos.

Career milestones
Following is a list of some important events during Abramo's career:

1951: Had a special room at the First Biennial of Modern Art of São Paulo; also had a special room at the sixth edition of the event.
1956: Provided an individual exposition to the Modern Arts Museum of Río de Janeiro, and another at São Paulo.
1956: First visit to Paraguay
1957: Founded the Taller de Grabado Julián de la Herrería (Julián de la Herrería Engraving Workshop) in Asunción.
1960: Along with engraver María Bonomi, founded the Estudio Gravura at São Paulo.
1964: Moved permanently to Asunción, where he worked training Paraguayan artists.
1976: Made an introspective show at the São Paulo Biennial.
1978: Invited to repeat his previous retrospective by the Modern Arts Museum of Río de Janeiro.
1983: Made an exposition in the Cultural Center of São Paulo.
1990: The Lasar Segall Museum organizes a retrospective of his work.

Legacy
On April 26, 1992, a few months before turning 89 years old, he died in Asunción. Abramo was admired for his extraordinary humility, kindness, the integrity and clarity of his thoughts, and the thorough approach he employed in the training of many other artists. He was considered to be one of the renovators of the xylographic language of the 20th century.

His engravings can be found at the British Museum of London, the Museum of the Vatican, the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of New York City, the Riverside Museum, the Philadelphia Museum, The National Library of the Louvre in Paris, the Modern Arts Museums of São Paulo and Río de Janeiro, and the Visual Arts Center in Asunción, as well as in numerous private collections.

In February 2006, works by Livio Abramo and other Paraguayan artists were exhibited to celebrated the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Taller de Grabado Julián de la Herrería (Julián de la Herrería Engraving Workshop).
In February 2007, Vanessa Tio-Groset and Jorge Codas paid tribute to his work in the multidisciplinary exhibition Festa ao ritmo da chuva at the Cultural Center of the Brazilian Embassy in Paraguay.

References

1903 births
1992 deaths
People from Araraquara
20th-century Brazilian Jews
20th-century engravers
20th-century Paraguayan painters
20th-century Sephardi Jews
Brazilian engravers
Brazilian comics artists
Brazilian Sephardi Jews
Brazilian people of Italian-Jewish descent
Jewish painters
Brazilian emigrants
Immigrants to Paraguay


The Truth About Christmas is the sixth overall album of gospel singer Vanessa Bell Armstrong, and third for major label Jive Records. This is the only holiday collection the artist has released, although she did contribute the song "Comfort Ye My People," a duet with Daryl Coley to the Grammy-winning special event Christmas album Handel's Messiah: A Soulful Celebration.

External links

1990 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Vanessa Bell Armstrong albums
Gospel Christmas albums


Winter X Games XI were held from January 25, 2007 to January 28, 2007 in Aspen, Colorado.  They were the 6th consecutive Winter X Games to be held in Aspen.  Television coverage of Winter X Games XI was broadcast on ESPN and ABC, primarily hosted by Sal Masekela and Todd Harris.  Final attendance for the four-day event was 76,150.

Disciplines
Disciplines at the 11th Winter X Games were:

Skiing
Snowboarding
Snowmobiling

Results

Skiing
Men and Women's Monoski Cross

Men's Ski Cross

Women's Ski Cross

Men's Ski Slopestyle

Men's Ski SuperPipe

Women's Ski SuperPipe

Snowboarding
Men's Snowboard Best Trick

Men's Snowboard Cross

Women's Snowboard Cross

Men's Snowboard Slopestyle

Women's Snowboard Slopestyle

Men's Snowboard SuperPipe

Women's Snowboard SuperPipe

Snowmobiling
Snocross

Snowmobile Freestyle

References

Winter X Games
2007 in multi-sport events
2007 in American sports
Sports in Colorado
Pitkin County, Colorado
2007 in sports in Colorado
2007 in alpine skiing
2007 in snowboarding
Winter multi-sport events in the United States
International sports competitions hosted by the United States
January 2007 sports events in the United States


Leroy Johnson (December 6, 1919 – December 15, 1944) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II. Camp Leroy Johnson in New Orleans, LA, was renamed after him in 1947.

Biography
Johnson joined the Army from Oakdale, Louisiana on November 26, 1941 and was assigned to the 32nd Infantry Division. On April 6, 1943, Sgt. Johnson was awarded the Silver Star for gallantry in action against entrenched Japanese at Senananda. By December 15, 1944, he was serving as a Sergeant in Company K, 126th Infantry Regiment, 32nd Infantry Division during the Battle of Leyte. On that day, near Limon, Leyte, the Philippines, he smothered the blast of two enemy-thrown grenades with his body, sacrificing himself to protect those around him. For this action, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor ten months later, on October 2, 1945.

Johnson was buried at the Manila American Cemetery in Manila, the Philippines. A bronze memorial plaque in his honor was mounted on the wall of the Allen Parish courthouse in Oberlin, Louisiana, a few miles south of his native Oakdale.

Medal of Honor citation
Sergeant Johnson's official Medal of Honor citation reads:

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References

External links

1920 births
1944 deaths
People from Evangeline Parish, Louisiana
Military personnel from Louisiana
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
United States Army soldiers
Recipients of the Silver Star
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at the Manila American Cemetery
People from Allen Parish, Louisiana


List of stage works by Dimitris Papaioannou

1980s
 The Mountain – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1987
 The Raincoat – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1987
 Room I – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1988
 Room II – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1988

1990s
 The Last Song of Richard Strauss – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1990
 The Songs – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1991
 Moons – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1992
 Medea – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1993
 Iphigeneia at the Bridge of Arta – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1995
 Xenakis' Oresteia – The Aeschylus Suite – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1995
 A Moment’s Silence – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1995
 Nefeli (stage show for Haris Alexiou), 1995
 The Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1996
 Dracula – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1997
 Monument – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1997
 The Storm – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1997
 Volcano (stage show for Alkistis Protopsalti), 1998
 Tree (stage show for Haris Alexiou), 1998
 The Return of Helen (for the Athens Megaron Concert Hall), 1999
 Human Thirst – Edafos Dance Theatre, 1999

2000s
 La Sonnambula (for the Athens Megaron Concert Hall), 2000
 A Tale (stage show for Alkistis Protopsalti), 2000
 For Ever – Edafos Dance Theatre, 2001
 Opening Ceremony – Athens 2004 Olympic Games, 2004
 Closing Ceremony – Athens 2004 Olympic Games, 2004
 Before, 2005
 Black Box, 2005
 2, 2006
 MEDEA2, 2008
 Nowhere, 2009

2010s
 K.K., 2010
 Inside, 2011
 Primal Matter, 2012
Still Life, 2014
ORIGINS – Opening Ceremony – First European Games, Baku 2015
The Great Tamer, 2017
Seit Sie [Since She], Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch, 2018

2020
 INK, 2020
 Transverse Orientation, 2021

External links
DimitrisPapaioannou.com Official Site
Dimitris Papaioannou YouTube Channel (2BlackBox)

Papaioannou


This is a list of comics by Dimitris Papaioannou.

1980s
 Centaur (Unpublished), 1981
 Dear Rena (Babel 19: 58), 1982
 Lena (Babel 19: 59), 1982
 Eurymachus (Babel 32: 53–57), 1982
 Thighs etc. (Babel 33: 68), 1983
 Hair Loss and a Little Imagination (Babel 33: 69), 1983
 Who's Talking? (Para Pende 19: 51–65), 1986
 Rock 'n' Roll (Para Pende 20: 74–79), 1986
 Winter Stories (Para Pende 21: 94–97), 1986
 Marina (Kontrosol sto Haos 1: 7–10), 1986
 The Flies That Remember (Para Pende 22: 92–100), 1986
 Motherhood (Unpublished) 1987
 x=a+b+c+d+e+f (Para Pende 23: 68–80), 1987
 The Amazing Mever (Para Pende 25: 78–87), 1987
 Winter Stories – HO (Para Pende 26: 62–65), 1987
 Winter Stories – The Number 2 (Para Pende 27: 30–31), 1987
 Minotaur (Greek Playboy 28: 118–119) 1987
 The Red Freckles on Your Skin (Para Pende 28: 116–121), 1987
 Anaphe (Kontrosol sto Haos 2: 41–52), 1987
 Winter Stories – The Plane and the Train (Para Pende 29: 86–91), 1987
 The Beast on Stage (Para Pende 31: 56–58), 1987
 London Song (Para Pende 33: 76–81), 1988
 Kalymnos (Para Pende 34), 1988
 Girl in the Middle (Greek Playboy 39: 142–143) 1988
 My Ex-Boyfriend (Para Pende 37: 91–92), 1988
 Soundtrack (Nina Simone) (Babel 91: 22–25), 1988
 Fire (Babel 92: 70–79), 1988
 Doors (Babel 96: 72–75), 1989
 Nightmare (Babel 97: 84–87), 1989

1990s
 Face to Face (Babel 105: 48–53), 1990
 Gravity ("Experiment" Pull-out, Men magazine, spring issue: 2–16), 1990
 Jesus and Bacchus (Tsarouchis) ("Experiment" Pull-out, Men magazine, spring issue: 16), 1990
 American Nights (Max magazine, September issue: 96–97), 1990
 Un Bon Plan (Babel 114: 53), 1990
 The Ancient City (Babel 116: 44–45), 1990
 The German Guy (Kontrosol sto Haos 5: 27–38), 1992
 People's Myths (Tsarouchis) (Prosopa 2), 1992
 People's Myths (Tzeni Vanou) (Prosopa 3), 1992
 Footsteps (Eteria Katastasseon 1: 52–57), 1993
 With Some Images I Gathered (Società di Pensieri Year II, 4: 15–18), 1993
 Heart-Shaped Earth (Babel 145: 42–53), 1993
 Α Cigarette (Babel 150: 39), 1993
 Kiss and Bite (Babel 158: 43–52), 1994
 Ancient City (Zappion) (Klik magazine, February issue: 79), 1997

2000s
 Lust Night With You (Unpublished), 2002
 Athens, I See You (Athens Voice 11: 15), 2003
 Nowhere (LifO 171: 40–45), 2009

See also
List of Dimitris Papaioannou works

Lists of comics by creator


American Muscle Car is a weekly television show on Speed, produced by Restoration Productions LLC., about muscle cars. Original release was in 2003.  Each episode provides a timeline of each vehicle's history beginning with its first year of production to its most recent year of production. The show was initially designed to showcase traditional muscle cars such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Ford Mustang, and Dodge Charger. It eventually added other performance vehicles such as the Shelby Cobra and the, and even began to focus on specific eras such as the (disambiguation)|.
In 2006 season, the show's focus was expanded to include designers and engineers of muscle car era.

In 2007 season, the show's focus was expanded to include vintage races, powertrain components.

Controversies
In the episode "Bad boys: The Fastest Musclecar Engines", the show claimed that the vintage engines used were built to factory specs and tunings. This resulted in 1967 426 Hemi engine producing 820 hp and 689 lb-ft torque. However, Engine Systems Inc., the company that performed the dynamometer tests, reported that the motors were built as they would have been done in specialty dealers like Yenko, Mr. Norms, and so on. The parts used to build the replica engines came from specialty engine builders, and contained parts that did not meet factory specifications engines.

Note
In The Episode S02E01 - Pontiac Firebird Trans Am, The full name of Trans Am is given as "Trans American Sedan Racing Series". This is incorrect. The actual name of Trans Am is the "Trans American Sedan Championship".

Episodes
Season 1
 S01E01 - 1964 Pontiac GTO
 S01E02 - 1969 Pontiac GTO Judge
 S01E03 - 1953-62 Chevrolet Corvette
 S01E04 - 1967-69 Chevrolet Camaro SS 396
 S01E05 - 1964 Ford Fairlane Thunderbolt
 S01E06 - Ford Mustang Shelby GT-350
 S01E07 - Buick Gran Sport
 S01E08 - 1969-71 Hurst Oldsmobile 442
 S01E09 - Chevrolet Chevelle SS 396 & SS 454
 S01E10 - 1961-64 Chevrolet Impala 409
 S01E11 - Plymouth Hemi Cuda & Dodge Hemi Challenger
 S01E12 - 1968 Chevrolet Nova SS 396

Season 2
 S02E01 - Pontiac Firebird Trans Am
 S02E02 - 1959-1963 Pontiac 421 Super Duty
 S02E03 - Ford Fairlane GT
 S02E04 - 427 Cobra
 S02E05 - 1963-1967 Chevrolet Corvette
 S02E06 - Camaro Z/28
 S02E07 - Dodge Charger Daytona and Plymouth Superbird
 S02E08 - The Mopar Super Stockers
 S02E09 - American Motors AMX and Plymouth AAR 'Cuda
 S02E10 - Dodge Challenger T/A
 S02E11 - Buick Regal
 S02E12 - 1955-1957 Chevrolet Bel Air

Season 3
 S03E01 - Ford Thunderbird
 S03E02 - Ford Ranchero and Chevrolet El Camino
 S03E03 - The COPO cars
 S03E04 - 1968-2001 Corvette
 S03E05 - Chrysler 300
 S03E06 - The Dodge Ramchargers
 S03E07 - Dodge Charger
 S03E08 - Dodge Viper
 S03E09 - Boss 302 and 429 Mustangs
 S03E10 - The Saleen Mustangs
 S03E11 - The Hurst Cars
 S03E12 - The SLP Cars
 S03E13 - Dodge Dart GTS
 S03E14 - Plymouth Road Runner

References

External links
Restoration Productions LLC home page

Automotive television series
2003 American television series debuts
2005 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
Muscle cars


The River Junction AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in both San Joaquin County and Stanislaus County, California.  West of the city of Modesto, the wine region is located at the confluence of the San Joaquin River and the Stanislaus River.  The AVA was created as a result of a petition by McManis Family Vineyards, the only commercial winery in the appellation.  River Junction AVA is cooler than surrounding areas of the Central Valley, and is the only place in the valley where high concentrations of fine sandy loam are to be found.  90% of the vineyard land planted in the AVA is planted with Chardonnay grapes.

References

American Viticultural Areas
American Viticultural Areas of California
Geography of San Joaquin County, California
Geography of Stanislaus County, California
2001 establishments in California


Alexandre Louis Joseph Bertrand (11 June 1820 – 1902) was a French archaeologist born in Rennes.

Life
He was the son of physician Alexandre Jacques François Bertrand (1795-1831) and elder brother to mathematician Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822-1900).

Alexandre Bertrand studied at the École Normale Superieure, and later taught classes at the lycée in Laval (from 1848). In 1849 he became a member of the École française d'Athènes, and from 1851 to 1858, served as a professor of rhetoric at the lycée in Rennes.

Bertrand was a pioneer of Gallic and Gallo-Roman archaeology, and was involved in the archaeological dig at Alise-Sainte-Reine (1861/62). In 1864, with Louis Félicien de Saulcy, he directed excavations of burial mounds at Meloisey.

In 1862 he founded the Gallo-Roman museum in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, serving as its curator from 1867 until his death in 1902. Assisting him in this endeavor were Gabriel de Mortillet (1868 to 1885) and Salomon Reinach (1886 to 1902).

From 1882 he taught classes in archaeology at the École du Louvre. He was an editor of Revue Archeologique and a member of Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

Selected writings
 Études de mythologie et d'archéologie grecques, d'Athènes à Argos, 1858 - Studies of Greek mythology and archaeology of Athens and Argos.
 Archéologie celtique & gauloise, mémoires et documents relatifs aux premiers temps de notre histoire nationale, 1876 - Celtic and Gallic archaeology.
 La Gaule avant les Gaulois, 1891 - Gaul prior to the Gallic.
 Les Celtes dans les vallées du Po et du Danube, 1894 - Celtic people in the Po and Danube Valleys.

References

 Long list of publications associated with Bertrand at the equivalent article of the French Wikipedia.

External links

French archaeologists
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Members of the French School at Athens
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Directors of museums in France
Artists from Paris
1820 births
1902 deaths


Patti McGee (born August 23, 1945) is a former professional skateboarder. She was the 1964 Women's first National Skateboard Champion, Santa Monica.

Her first skateboard was built by her brother in wood shop from her own shoe skate as a surprise.  Her second skateboard was a Bun Buster .

While on the Cooley Team, and standing on a Bun Buster, McGee set the world record for the fastest girl on a skateboard at 47 mph during Dick Clark's World Teen Fair 1964 held at the Orange County (CA) Fair Grounds.

McGee was also the first female professional skateboarder. She was paid by Hobie/Vita Pak to travel and demonstrate the Hobie skateboard on a national level. This lasted almost a year until the craze subsided. Patti McGee married Glenn Villa and then gave birth to 2 children, Forest and Hailey Villa.
During the tour, McGee appeared on the occupation-guessing TV game show What's My Line? on May 16, 1965, without a skateboard (but did not stump the panel), and with a skateboard on The Johnny Carson Show the following evening. McGee was featured on the cover of Life magazine May 14, 1965 and the cover of the fourth issue of Skateboarder in October 1965.

In 2010, McGee was the first woman inducted into the Skateboarding Hall of Fame at IASC's (International Association of Skateboard Companies) Second Annual Skateboarding Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony.

References

1945 births
Living people
American skateboarders
American female skateboarders


Montipora dilatata, commonly known as the Hawaiian reef coral, is a species of coral in the family Acroporidae.

Description
Morphology of this species can be quite variable. Colonies may be any combination of encrustations, plates, knobs, and branches.  Montipora dilatata is a glabro-favoleate type that is characterized by a very smooth surface.  Colonies are usually purple or brown and reach 3 feet (1 m) in diameter.  The species only occurs in the Hawaiian archipelago, in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, and in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) at Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, Maro Reef, and French Frigate Shoals.

Ecology
This species requires calm water in sub-tidal environments.  The species is easily broken into fragments by storms or bioerosion, with the fragments readily growing into new colonies.  This species occurs in lagoons and bays and appears to be restricted to shallow, low-water motion environments.  This species is very rare in Kaneohe Bay, but used to be more abundant and occurred in large patches on some of the reef flats.

Threats and conservation
It has declined significantly over time and only 3 colonies were found in a 2000 survey.  The main threats to M. dilatata include: 1) vulnerability to coral bleaching due to high temperatures (it was the first species to bleach during the 1996 event in Kaneohe Bay); 2) fresh water kills and exposure at extreme low tide; 3) habitat degradation and modification as a result of sedimentation, pollution, alien alga species (Gracilaria salicornia, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma spp. algae) and invasive green alga (Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) in Kaneohe Bay; 4) a limited distribution; and 5) damage by anchors, fish pots, swimmers and divers.

Two other species, M. turgescens at Kure Atoll and M. cf. dilatata (recorded at one site out of 30 sites surveyed at Maro Reef in 2000-2002) are similar, and genetic analysis should be done to confirm their separation into distinct species.

The Hawaiian reef coral is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern.  Species of Concern are those species about which the U.S. Government’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Coral collection is not allowed in the state waters of Hawaii without a research permit.

References

Acroporidae
Cnidarians of Hawaii
Coral reefs
Endemic fauna of Hawaii
Animals described in 1901


Benedict Silberman, originally Boruch Hirsch-Benedigton Silberman (December 5, 1901 in Helsinki, Finland – December 11, 1971 in Hilversum, Netherlands), was a Dutch composer and conductor of Austrian Jewish descent.

Silberman was the son of an Austrian violinist working in Helsinki who settled in Amsterdam. Silberman studied piano with  and composition with Sem Dresden at the Amsterdam Conservatory. He wrote a piano concerto (1924) at the end of his studies. A year later he composed a violin concerto.
He left for Berlin where he played as a violinist and arranged light classical musical, preferentially Viennese operettas. In 1944 he composed his own operetta Het Rozeneiland (The Island of Roses). He had contact with Franz Lehár, Robert Stolz and Emmerich Kálmán and toured Europe with the dance orchestras of Paul Godwin, Marek Weber and Dajos Bela.

In 1936 he returned to the Netherlands and became pianist in the AVRO radio orchestra of Kovacs Lajos.  In 1938 he became conductor of the VARA radio orchestra. In 1948 he was asked to create a radio orchestra specialized in light classical music; he led this  from 1949 till 1967. In 1965, he won the Golden Harp for his contributions to Dutch music.

In 1965 shlomo carlebach published the album in the palace of the king, Silberman arranged and conducted the chorus and symphony orchestra.

Benedict Silberman composed The battle of Waterloo, chambermusic which makes you relive the battle of Waterloo (Napoleon). Silberman was also the conductor of this music, the sound engineer was Ruud van Lieshout, the orchestra was the Promenade Orchestra, the producer was Gerrit den Braber and the recording supervisor was Joop Stokkermans.

The Battle of Waterloo is a fantasy by B. Silberman made after old motives.

References
 Robijns, Jozef; Zijlstra, Miep. Algemene muziek enciclopedie, De Haan, 1979–1984
 Ruppli, Michel. The Decca Labels. A Discography, Volume 6, Greenwood Press, 1996.

1901 births
1971 deaths
20th-century composers
Conservatorium van Amsterdam alumni
Dutch classical composers
Dutch classical pianists
Dutch conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Dutch Jews
Dutch people of Austrian descent
Jewish classical composers
Musicians from Amsterdam
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century Dutch male musicians


, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 November 1981, by astronomers at Perth Observatory in Bickley, Australia.

Orbit and classification

The stony S-type asteroid is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,206 days).

Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. A first precovery was taken at Palomar in 1951, extending the body's observation arc by 30 years prior to its official discovery observation at Bickley.

Physical characteristics

In December 2014, astronomer Maurice Clark obtained a rotational lightcurve from photometric observations at Preston Gott Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave an ambiguous rotation period of 18.3980 hours with a brightness variation of 0.41 magnitude, suggesting a non-spheroidal shape (). The alternative period solution is 9.14 hours with an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude. The results supersede a previously obtained period of 5.547 hours ().

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 2.44 and 3.00 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.283 and 0.428. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an intermediate albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this asteroid family – and calculates a diameter of 3.11 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.7.

Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999. As of 2018, it has not been named.

References

External links
 Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
 Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
 Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center

009928
009928
19811116


Jessie Baetz (born Jessie Elizabeth Drummer; June 28, 1894 – November 28, 1980) was a Canadian-American artist, composer, and pianist.

Early life and education
Baetz was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the daughter of John Drummer and Esther Ann Oughtred Drummer. She studied and taught at the Toronto Conservatory of Music.

Career
She immigrated to New York City, where 1930s census records list her occupation as painter. Her art was included in a Christmas exhibit at the Jumble Shop on West 8th Street. She studied with modernist composer, Johanna Beyer, and played in her concerts for the New York Composers' Forum. Baetz's music was influenced by Beyer and Henry Cowell's use of such techniques as tone clusters, polymeters, string piano, and playing the piano with forearms. Three of her works were performed at the Composers' Forum on December 15, 1937, where they were part of a program that also included music by Rudolph Forst and Harrison Kerr.

Her visual art consisted of "painting sculptures or spatial creations", including colorful masks. She exhibited her work at the Phoenicia Library in Phoenicia, New York in 1963, 1966, and 1970.

Works
Baetz's only known compositions are the Two Compositions for Violin and Piano, Three Vocalizes for Soprano, and Six Dances for Percussion. They were never published and the whereabouts of these or any of her other musical works are unknown.

In 1936, she was one of the performers in recordings made for the New Music Quarterly of Bill Russell's Three Dance Movements: For Percussion Group and Wallingford Riegger's Evocation.

Personal life
Jessie Drummer married fellow artist Walter Baetz in 1926. They lived in Shandaken, New York. In 1961 they were both rescued after a carbon monoxide accident in their home. Her husband died in 1978, and she died in November 1980, at a nursing home in New Paltz, New York, at the age of 86.

References

20th-century classical composers
Modernist composers
American women classical composers
American classical composers
Canadian classical composers
The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Artists from Toronto
Artists from New York City
Musicians from Toronto
Composers from New York City
20th-century Canadian composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American composers
Modernist women composers
20th-century women composers
1894 births
Canadian women classical composers
1980 deaths


Tawellemmet (Tawəlləmmət) is the largest of the Tuareg languages in the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. It is usually one of two languages classed within a language called Tamajaq, the other language being Aïr Tamajeq. Tawellemmet is the language of the Iwellemmeden Tuareg. It is spoken in Mali, Niger and parts of northern Nigeria by approximately 1.2 million people with the largest number of speakers in Niger at 829,000 people.

Phonology

Vowels

 Vowels may also be lengthened as /iː, eː, aː, oː, uː/.

 /a/ in lax form can be heard as [æ].

Consonants

 Consonants may also occur as geminated.

See also
 Languages of Africa

References

Berber languages
Berbers in Mali
Berbers in Niger
Berbers in Nigeria
Tuareg languages


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Broward County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Broward County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen on a map.

There are 40 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

Current listings

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Former listings

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See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida

References

Broward County


The Great Synagogue in Bucharest, Romania was raised in 1845 by the Polish-Jewish community.

It was repaired in 1865, redesigned in 1903 and 1909, repainted in Rococo style in 1936 by Ghershon Horowitz, then it was restored again in 1945, as it had been devastated by the far-right Legionnaires.

It still hosts weekend religious services, being one of the few active synagogues in the city. Former Rabbi was Dr. Moses Rosen.

See also
 History of the Jews in Romania.
 List of synagogues in Romania.

Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Romania
Ashkenazi synagogues
Synagogues in Bucharest
Synagogues preserved as museums
Synagogues completed in 1845
Religious organizations established in 1845
1845 establishments in Wallachia
Polish diaspora in Europe
Polish-Jewish diaspora