Ben Harper (born 1969) is an American musician.

Ben Harper may also refer to:
Ben Harper (Yellowcard) (born 1980), punk rock lead guitarist of HeyMike! and previously of Yellowcard
Ben Harper (politician) (1817–1887), mayor of Rock Island, Illinois, 1854–1855
Ben Harper (My Family), character in the British sitcom My Family
Ben "Beanie" Harper, a character in the U.S. soap opera Love of Life
Ben Harper, a character in the 1955 film The Night of the Hunter
Benjamin Harper, oldest son of former Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper


Juan Manuel Hermenegildo de la Luz Olivares (April 4, 1760 – March 1, 1797) was a Venezuelan composer from the Colonial era.

Olivares was born in Caracas.  As a child, he studied under Don Ambrosio Carreño. In 1784, he began teaching in Caracas, and this same year Pedro Ramón Palacios y Sojo entrusted to him the direction of the Academia del Oratorio de San Felipe de Neri, which he held until his death; he also became organist at the academy's church, the Basílica de Santa Teresa.

On May 11, 1789, he married Sebastiana Velásquez in Caracas at the Church of San Pablo Ermitaño, which stood where the Municipal Theater now stands. Padre Sojo was the priest. Olivares was the caretaker and teacher of Lino Gallardo.  He died in El Valle, Caracas.

His Dúo de violines is the only work of chamber music composed in colonial Venezuela which is preserved in its entirety.

Works
(Incomplete)
Lamentación primera del Viernes Santo for tenor and orchestra, 1791
Stabat Mater for four voices and instrument, 1791
Dúo de violines Salve Regina for three voices and orchestra
Magnificat with final fugue.El Magníficat y la música de los pardos
Vísperas de Nuestra Señora de la Merced (motets for two voices)
Psalmes: Dixit Dominus, Beatus Vir, Laudate Dominum

Further reading
Juan B. Plaza Juan Manuel Olivares. El más Antiguo Compositor Venezolano Separata del No. 63 de la Rev. Nacional de Cultura. Jul-Aug 1947

Venezuelan composers
Male composers
1797 deaths
1760 births
Musicians from Caracas
18th-century composers
18th-century male musicians


Durham County Memorial Stadium is an 8,500-seat multi-purpose stadium located in Durham, North Carolina.  Originally built in 1958, the stadium underwent significant renovations in 2010 that updated the facility to include an artificial turf lined for soccer, football and lacrosse and a track and field facility with an eight lane track.  Durham County Memorial Stadium is the home field of Northern Durham High School Football, Carolina Flyers of the AUDL and Tobacco Road FC of USL-2.  The stadium is also used as a special events facility hosting local, regional and national events.

The stadium hosted Shaw University Football from 2007 to 2018, and again after the 2022 season. Shaw also hosts a majority of their men's and women's soccer matches at the stadium despite the school's location in neighboring Wake County.

Durham County Memorial Stadium is managed by the Durham County Memorial Stadium Authority and owned by the County of Durham.

Notable events
 NAIA Football National Championship 2021-2022
 USATF Youth National Championship 2019
 CIAA Football Conference Championship 2008-2012 and 2014-2015
State Games of North Carolina (Track and Field and Lacrosse)

References

External links
 Durham County Memorial Stadium
Open Durham - Durham County Stadium Site History

Athletics (track and field) venues in North Carolina
College football venues
Soccer venues in North Carolina
Sports venues in Durham, North Carolina
Multi-purpose stadiums in the United States
National Premier Soccer League stadiums
American football venues in North Carolina
1960 establishments in North Carolina
Sports venues completed in 1960
High school football venues in the United States


More More is a remix EP by Junkie XL, released digitally on November 20, 2007. The EP includes a variety of versions of "More", which features singer Lauren Rocket from Rocket.

The EP was released under the Artwerk label, a joint venture of EA and Nettwerk Music Group. It includes remixes by Tommie Sunshine, Tocadisco, D.I.M., Matthew Dekay and Kraak & Smaak. Even though the original song features explicit content, Tocadisco included a clean version of his remix.

Track listing
 More (Tocadisco Remix)
 More (Tocadisco Clean Remix)
 More (Tommie Sunshine's Degeneration Devastation)
 More (D.I.M. Pop Em All Dub Rework)
 More (Matthew Dekay Remix)
 More (Kraak & Smaak Let's Get Stupid Remix)

References

Junkie XL albums
2007 debut EPs


Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery is a National Fish Hatchery located just below Wolf Creek Dam in Russell County, Kentucky.  The hatchery is a federal hatchery and is a part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

History
Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery (NFH) was constructed in 1975, making it one of the most recently constructed hatcheries in the federal system. With 70 hatcheries nationwide, Wolf Creek NFH is one of 14 hatcheries in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Southeast Region. The station currently produces approximately 1,000,000 rainbow, brown and brook trout annually.  In cooperation with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, fish are stocked into over 100 different public fishing waters in the state. No private waters are stocked. Wolf Creek NFH is also working toward the recovery of several threatened or endangered species, including the Relict darter (endangered), Spotfin chub (threatened), and the Blackside dace (threatened). Visitation to the hatchery is over 100,000 annually.

The hatchery's water supply comes from Lake Cumberland at a depth ranging from 25 to 100 feet below the water surface. The water temperatures will range from 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 65 degrees Fahrenheit depending on the time of year. The water gravity flows through the hatchery at rates up to 15,000 gallons per minute.

Programs
The Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery Visitor/Environmental Education Center opened to the public in September 2006..  The new facility was the first center of its kind at a National Fish Hatchery.  Through state-of-the-art exhibits, classroom, indoor theater and gift shop, the center serves as a fun and engaging learning resource for all visitors, especially school children from the region.

The center also offers a myriad of outreach programs and workshops (including the annual Catch a Rainbow Kids Fishing Derby, held on the first Saturday in June each year) and also launched a newly created environmental education curriculum, which is designed for hatcheries and tailored to meet the needs of teachers in Kentucky.  The facility is also supported by the Friends of Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery, Inc. and a strong volunteer staff.

Friends of Wolfcreek fully fund, through support of charitable giving the events held at Wolf Creek. The Friends Group is responsible for raising the funds, ensuring that all events are not only fun, but educational.

Events include the Catch a Rainbow Fishing Derby, held the first Saturday in June, to coincide with Kentucky's free fishing weekend. The Catch a Smile event held in September for local school aged special needs, The Senior Fishing Derby, for senior citizens, in local nursing homes, and the Wounded Warrior Fishing derby, allowing veterans from all eras a chance to fish the lake, and the trout stream. These last three events are held in September.

Also the Hatchery hosts an Earth day event, an all day play event, several craft classes, and a Christmas event.

References

External links
Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery website

1975 establishments in Kentucky
Landmarks in Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Russell County, Kentucky
National Fish Hatcheries of the United States
Tourist attractions in Russell County, Kentucky
Nature centers in Kentucky
Agricultural buildings and structures in Kentucky
Cumberland River


The American Champion Sprint Female Horse award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing honor awarded annually to the top female horse in sprint races usually run at a distance of 6 or 7 furlongs.  This category honoring female sprinters became part of the Eclipse Awards program in 2007.

The Daily Racing Form, the National Thoroughbred Racing Association (NTRA), and the National Turf Writers Association joined forces in 1971 to create the Eclipse Award.

Honorees

References
 The Eclipse Awards at the Thoroughbred Racing Associations of America, Inc.

Horse racing awards
Horse racing in the United States


Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela is a 2005 documentary film about a generation of men, considered terrorists by the U.S. government, who left South Africa to form the African National Congress and spread their message across the world. Filmmaker Thomas Allen Harris focuses on his stepfather Benjamin Pule Leinaeng, who was among the first ANC members to leave South Africa in 1960.

Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela was met with critical acclaim, winning an Independent Spirit Award nomination for its Stranger Than Fiction category and was aired on PBS as part of its Point of View series in 2006.

References

External links

 Tavis Smiley Interview with Thomas Allen Harris
 P.O.V. Twelve Disciples of Nelson Mandela - PBS's site dedicated to the film

2005 films
POV (TV series) films
African National Congress
Documentary films about revolutionaries
Nelson Mandela
Documentary films about apartheid
Films directed by Thomas Allen Harris
2005 documentary films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Darmstadt is first single from the Ruoska album, Riisu.

Origin of song name
In an interview, Patrik Mennander said the name Darmstadt (which is a city in Germany) and the chorus "Darmstadt - Road to heaven" originates from a dream former band guitarist Kai Ahvenranta had, in which he saw a sign saying "Darmstadt - Road to heaven", which inspired the song.  He later remembered seeing the name Darmstadt on the wheels of a vehicle being used while he was working in the timber industry.

Track listings
 "Darmstadt"
 "Airut"

References

External links
 Additional information (in Finnish)
 "Darmstadt" lyrics
 "Airut" lyrics

Ruoska songs
2003 singles
2003 songs
Song articles with missing songwriters


"X-Men: Divided We Stand" is a 2008 comic book storyline published by Marvel Comics as a follow-up storyline to the "Messiah Complex" story arc.

Publication history
The story started with the issues of the X-Men-related titles cover dated April 2008. This included: The Uncanny X-Men; Wolverine vol. 3; X-Factor vol. 3; and X-Men vol. 2, which was retitled X-Men: Legacy. It also launched three ongoing titles - Cable vol. 2, X-Force vol. 3, and Young X-Men - and a self-titled, two-issue limited series. Each ongoing series ran a separate story arc with "Divided We Stand" providing an overall theme. The aftermath of the story is continued in "X-Men: Manifest Destiny".

Individual titles
Uncanny X-Men
X-Factor (comics)
Young X-Men
X-Men: Legacy
X-Force
Cable (comics)
Wolverine
Free Comic Book Day

Plot
The X-Men are disbanded. A new X-Force team is formed to carry out covert assassination missions. Striking out on his own as usual, Wolverine hunts down Mystique to make her pay for her actions in Messiah Complex, while Cable tries to protect the mutant baby from Lucas Bishop.

Reading order

Uncanny X-Men
Uncanny X-Men #495
Uncanny X-Men #496
Uncanny X-Men #497
Uncanny X-Men #498
Uncanny X-Men #499

X-Men: Legacy
X-Men: Legacy #208
X-Men: Legacy #209
X-Men: Legacy #210
X-Men: Legacy #211
X-Men: Legacy #212
X-Men: Legacy #213
X-Men: Legacy #214

X-Factor
X-Factor Vol. 3 #28
X-Factor Vol. 3 #29
X-Factor Vol. 3 #30
X-Factor Vol. 3 #31
X-Factor Vol. 3 #32

X-Force
X-Force Vol. 3 #1 (2008)
X-Force Vol. 3 #2
X-Force Vol. 3 #3
X-Force Vol. 3 #4
X-Force Vol. 3 #5
X-Force Vol. 3 #6

Wolverine
Wolverine Vol. 3 #62
Wolverine Vol. 3 #63
Wolverine Vol. 3 #64
Wolverine Vol. 3 #65

Cable
Cable Vol. 2 #1 (2008)
Cable Vol. 2 #2
Cable Vol. 2 #3
Cable Vol. 2 #4
Cable Vol. 2 #5
King-Size Cable Spectacular #1 (2008)

Central title
X-Men: Divided We Stand #1 (2008)
X-Men: Divided We Stand #2

Young X-Men
Young X-Men #1 (2008)
Young X-Men #2
Young X-Men #3
Young X-Men #4
Young X-Men #5

References

External links

Comics by Matt Fraction


Leptaucheniinae ("Delicate Necks") was a taxon of small, goat-like oreodonts with proportionally big heads found throughout North America during the Late Oligocene.  Because skeletons of Leptauchenia and Sespia have been found by the literal thousands, they are often quoted as being the most numerous fossil mammals in North America during the Late Oligocene.  They had high-crowned, hypsodont teeth which were used to chew gritty vegetation.

Because the eyes and nostrils were placed high on the head, it was long assumed that Leptauchenia and Sespia were aquatic, or semi-aquatic animals.  However, because their fossils have never been found in floodplain deposits or river channels, and their plague-like abundance in fossil sand dunes, Donald Prothero suggests that they were desert-dwelling animals.  According to Prothero's interpretation, the high-placed eyes and nostrils served to filter out sand while burrowing.

References

Oreodonts
Oligocene even-toed ungulates
Chattian extinctions
Chattian first appearances


A nephanalaysis is the analysis of a synoptic chart focusing on the types and amount of clouds and precipitation.  A nephanalysis can be used to avoid hazardous weather areas, by ships preparing routes for cruises, and to locate good fishing areas.  This technique is rarely performed in modern forecasting, due to the prevalence of worldwide satellite imagery.

References

Synoptic meteorology and weather


Roger Preece (born 9 June 1968) was an English professional footballer who mainly played as a midfielder but could also play as a full back. He played in The Football League for three clubs and has also played and managed in non–league football.

Playing and coaching career
Preece began his playing career as an apprentice with Coventry City, but in August 1986 he moved to Wrexham. He made more than 100 Football League appearances over the next four years gaining a Welsh Cup runners-up medal against Cardiff City at Swansea's Vetch in 1988 and helping the Robins to the 1988/89 play off final against Leyton Orient. However, he had a poor disciplinary record, being sent off five times. In summer 1990, he was released by Wrexham and moved to local rivals Chester City, which was a division higher in the Football League Third Division. He began at Chester as a full back but went on to make his greatest mark as a midfielder.

He helped Chester win promotion from Division Three in 1993–94, scoring in the promotion decider against Hereford United on 23 April 1994. He was named player of the season the following year. Unfortunately, Preece played just one more game for the club as a tackle from Hartlepool United's Mick Tait on the opening day of the 1995–96 season ruled him out of action for the remainder of the season. He left the club in October 1996 after failing to recover, spending the remainder of the season with GM Vauxhall Conference sides Southport and Telford United.

In June 1997, Preece returned to The Football League as player–coach with Shrewsbury Town. In 2000, he teamed up again with manager Jake King at Telford United, where they worked together until Preece became Newtown manager in June 2003. He remained in charge until October 2006, leaving after a 6–0 loss to Rhyl.

Preece lately coached with the Wrexham based side Gap Queens Park, as well as with Wrexham's centre of excellence.

After retirement Preece became a Business Development Manager in Sports clothing working for local and international brands. He also continues to play 5 a side football in Shrewsbury.

Honours
Chester City
Football League Division Three runners-up: 1993–94.
Player of the Season: 1994–95

Bibliography

References

External links

Chester City 'What Happened To…?' article (2002)
Welsh Premier career statistics

1969 births
Living people
People from Much Wenlock
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football fullbacks
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Cymru Premier players
Cymru Premier managers
English football managers
Coventry City F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Newtown A.F.C. players
Newtown A.F.C. managers


Rebecca Lush is a British environmental activist who helped organise a number of major anti-road initiatives, including the support organisation ‘Road Block’. She joined Transport 2000 (now Campaign for Better Transport) as Roads and Climate Campaigner, exposing cost overruns, and now works for Transport Action Network in a similar role.

Biography

Lush became an active environmentalist while studying politics at Bristol University and joined the 'Dongas' protest camp at Twyford Down against the construction of one of the road schemes, a new section of the M3 motorway being built close to where she grew up in 1992. This was one of many schemes outlined in the Roads for Prosperity white paper which Margaret Thatcher described as 'the largest road building programme since the Romans'. Lush successfully challenged the UK Government's Breach of the Peace legislation at the European Court of Human Rights in 1998.

In July 1993 Lush and five others (including Emma Must who later went on to win the Goldman Environmental Prize) were imprisoned for a month for breaking a High Court injunction banning them from Twyford Down. While in Holloway Prison she was visited by the then European commissioner for the environment, Carlo Ripa de Meana who was concerned about the situation.

Lush was arrested also in 1993 and ordered to agree to be bound over for twelve months, to keep the peace and pay the sum of £100. She refused and was sent to prison for seven days. She and others subsequently successfully challenged the UK Government's Breach of the Peace legislation at the European Court of Human Rights in 1998.

Lush was one of the founders of Road Alert!, a national networking service for UK road protests which supported many of the mass demonstrations of the period including the M11 link road protest and the Newbury bypass which contributed to the end of the then government's ambitious road building programme.

In 1996 the Road Alert! offices were moved to Newbury where construction of the Newbury bypass was starting. There were major protests with excess of 1,000 arrests and a policing bill of £26 million.

Between 1994 and 1997 the majority of the remaining road schemes were cancelled after which many campaigners, including Lush, stopped protesting.

In 2002 the government proposed a new major road building programme and expansion of aviation. Lush and a number of other road protest veterans visited the Department for Transport to warn of renewed direct action and delivered a D Lock as a symbol of the earlier protests. Lush founded Road Block to support a growing number of protests around the country soon afterwards.

In September 2005 Lush 'pied' motoring journalist Jeremy Clarkson after he collected an honorary degree in Engineering from Oxford Brookes University in protest at his comments on the effects of climate change. She also 'pied' the Transport Secretary, Alistair Darling when he appeared at the launch of the pro-aviation UK lobbying group, Future Heathrow, explaining "I was absolutely appalled. Why have a campaign group when you have already got the minister on your side?".

During 2006 she advised cosmetics company Lush Cosmetics (no relation) on how to support activists and the company later introduced the 'Charity Pot', a product where 100% of the purchase price (excluding VAT) goes to fund activist groups. Mark Constantine, CEO of Lush explained, "I hate cars, I really hate them, but I'd been giving up the ghost, until Rebecca came along and we started all this up".

In December 2006 Lush highlighted four priority protests; the Mottram to Tintwistle Bypass (in the Peak District National Park), plans to widen the M1 motorway and the M6 motorway and to build a new road from Heysham to M6.

In January 2007 Road Block became a project within Transport 2000 (now Campaign for Better Transport) and Lush was appointed Roads and Climate Campaigner.

While at CBT Lush researched the cost and climate change impacts of various proposed road schemes. She discovered that the estimated costs of seven major schemes had risen by £1.15 billion in a single year, increases which were criticised by the National Audit Office. Then, while researching the DfT's road scheme appraisal process she revealed that their assessment process disadvantaged schemes that reduced car use because they reduced fuel consumption and hence revenue to The Treasury. This led to direct meetings with Ruth Kelly, the Secretary of State for Transport.

Lush has written a number of articles for The Guardian.

Lush left CBT for a period of time on maternity leave to be replaced by Richard George, co-founder of Plane Stupid, before returning in 2011.

In 2020, Lush "returned to her original passion, supporting local communities campaigning on transport issues" when she joined Transport Action Network (TAN) as its Local Campaigns Support Officer. She is currently the organization's roads and climate campaigner, working on issues such as the climate impacts of road schemes and the safety of smart motorways.

See also
Road protest (UK)
Environmental direct action in the United Kingdom

References

External links

 Rebecca Lush articles at The Guardian
 Good lives: Rebecca Lush

British environmentalists
British women environmentalists
Anti-road protest
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Lynx Ridge is a residential subdivision in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located at the extreme western edge of the city, bordered on the east by Twelve Mile Coulee Road and to the south by the Bow River. Its northern and western boundaries are the city limits and rural residential development within the area of Bearspaw. The subdivision covers 88 hectares and the Lynx Ridge Golf Club winds its way through the neighbourhood. The subdivision was established in the Municipal District of Rocky View in the late-1990s/early-2000s, and was annexed into the City of Calgary on January 1, 2005.

It is represented in the Calgary City Council by Ward 1 councillor.

Infrastructure
Save for the golf course, there is no commercial hub in Lynx Ridge, with the closest commercial services in Rocky Ridge and Tuscany. The area is not presently served by Calgary Transit, nor has space been set aside for schools, due to its small size. The golf course provides most of the subdivision's green space.

See also
List of neighbourhoods in Calgary

References

External links
Calgary Planning Commission, June 30, 2005

Neighbourhoods in Calgary


Matt White is an American singer-songwriter based in New York City. His full-length debut album, Best Days, released by Geffen Records, reached No. 4 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart.

Biography
White was born in Englewood, New Jersey and raised in New York City. He began playing the piano at age three and grew up playing classical music. He wrote an opera at age 11. White moved to Wisconsin in 1996 for college and began his singing career. While attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he learned to play the guitar when a piano wasn't available. After graduating from college, White moved back to New York City, where he continued busking, singing on street corners and in Washington Square Park. He eventually began performing in clubs like Joe's Pub and the Living Room. A fan sent an MP3 of White's song "Miracles", to an A&R rep at Geffen Records; his music, combined with him having over 50,000 MySpace friends, led to White being offered a recording contract with Geffen. In 2006, White debuted with the EP Do You Believe, selling 100,000 copies. His full-length album, Best Days, was released on September 18, 2007 on Geffen Records. White's music has appeared on the television series One Tree Hill, Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County, What About Brian, The Hills, Men in Trees and in the films She's the Man, Little Manhattan, Shrek the Third, What Happens in Vegas, Because I Said So, Wedding Crashers, Hotel for Dogs and Over Her Dead Body.

Best Days

The album Best Days was released on September 18, 2007. Reception to the music was very positive by music critics and mass audiences alike. A highlight of the album was when White was picked by MTV to be featured on 52 Artist Week Series which was a promotion that MTV ran at the time. White involved his maternal grandmother Shirley Kessleman, who was also one of the first female orchestral leaders in the country. The music video for Best Days stayed on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for 16 weeks reaching number 6 on the Countdown. The album reached #4 on Billboard's New Artist chart and earned him high praises from press. Rolling Stone magazine listed him in their "10 Artists to Watch". Details magazine also added Best Days in their "best new music bubbling from the underground," saying White has "a falsetto smooth enough to melt the icy heart of a Brooklyn hipster."

White has toured extensively and has performed with Sheryl Crow, John Mayer, B.B. King, OneRepublic, Third Eye Blind and Counting Crows. White’s songs have garnered national attention, he played an integral role in The Gap's "Vote For" Initiative campaign, which encouraged Americans to express their ideals and become proactive during the 2008 election. His custom track “Songs of Freedom” became the theme song for campaign and aired on a special electoral episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show. His music has also made a splash nationally in movies and TV shows, such as What Happens in Vegas, Shrek the Third, Because I Said So, The Hills, Men in Trees and One Tree Hill. White took 2009 to write his next record which he said would be mostly piano, and recorded on analog tape.

Recently, Matt White was picked as Facebook's first artist feature with demos from the upcoming album release.

It's the Good Crazy
Matt White's second album It's the Good Crazy was released on September 14, 2010 with 11 tracks.

In December 2012 Matt's song "Love" was the first dance for The Bachelor wedding special with JP and Ashley and he is prominently featured on the "ABC" wedding special.

Shirley
Matt White's third album Shirley was released on August 5, 2013 with 11 tracks.

White also Flew to Munich, Germany to play "Love and Affection" on an episode of "The Bachelorette." The song was threaded through the storyline and shot into the top 25 on iTunes.

White also performed "Love and Affection" on Good Morning America and VH1 morning buzz. Songs from Shirley were also used in "ABC Family's" Pretty Little Liars, The Vampire Diaries  and "Fox's" New Girl.

Greenwich
White's fourth album began production in the beginning of 2019 Having spent 2018 writing his album, three of the songs as demos wound up in national commercials.
A song White wrote features "Questlove" from The Roots in a Honda commercial. As well as a song featuring White in the Apple iPhone Commercial titled "phases."

‘’2019-2021’’
In the last five years, He has had over 200 song syncs in film and  television, including 21 in Grey's Anatomy as well as placements in Empire, Lucifer, The Good Doctor, Shameless, Shades of Blue, Pretty Little Liars, Station 19, iZombie, Hand of God, Magnum P.I., Criminal Minds:Beyond Borders, God Friended Me, Love Island, the Bachelor/Bachelorette, So You Think You Can Dance, Blacklist and many others. His music has been featured in trailers/promos/ads for Lloyds Bank, Samsung (Galaxy S10), Ocean's 8, The Rookie, Careful What You Wish For, Netflix's Between, Jeep, Expedia, McDonald’s, and the most recent Uber ads.

Discography

Albums
Do You Believe (2003) Self released - debut LP
Best Days (2007)
It's the Good Crazy (2010)
 Shirley (2013)
Love Songs (2012) - EP

Singles

Singles

Singles

References

Sources
Rolling Stone Top Ten Artists to Watch
Inman, Jeff (January 17, 2008). "Street Corner Superstar: Matt White used to busk in parks; now he’s the new god of love rock". Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved on January 22, 2008.
"Second Cup Café: Matt White". CBS News. August 25, 2007. Retrieved on January 22, 2008.

External links
Matt White official website

Matt White at Geffen Records

1980 births
American male singer-songwriters
American rock songwriters
American pop rock singers
Living people
Singers from New York City
Musicians from Englewood, New Jersey
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singer-songwriters from Wisconsin


Fluxes are substances, usually oxides, used in glasses, glazes and ceramic bodies to lower the high melting point of the main glass forming constituents, usually silica and alumina. A ceramic flux functions by promoting partial or complete liquefaction. The most commonly used fluxing oxides in a ceramic glaze contain lead, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, strontium, and manganese. These are introduced to the raw glaze as compounds, for example lead as lead oxide. Boron is considered by many to be a glass former rather than a flux.

Some oxides, such as calcium oxide, flux significantly only at high temperature. Lead oxide is the traditional low temperature flux used for crystal glass, but it is now avoided because it is toxic even in small quantities.  It is being replaced by other substances, especially boron and zinc oxides.

In clay bodies a flux creates a limited and controlled amount of glass, which works to cement crystalline phases together. Fluxes play a key role in the vitrification of clay bodies by lowering the overall melting point. The most common fluxes used in clay bodies are potassium oxide and sodium oxide which are found in feldspars. A predominant flux in glazes is calcium oxide which is usually obtained from limestone. The two most common feldspars in the ceramic industry are potash feldspar (orthoclase) and soda feldspar (albite).

Common oxides
List of commonly used ceramic oxides:

See also

 Loss on ignition

References

See also
 Secondary flux

Ceramic materials


Air Vice Marshal Alexander Vallance Riddell Johnstone,  (2 June 1916 – 13 December 2000) was a Scottish airman. He served as a Royal Air Force squadron, wing and station commander during the Second World War and the commander of Commonwealth forces operating in Borneo during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.

Early life
Alexander Vallance Riddell Johnstone was born in Glasgow on 2 June 1916 and was educated at Kelvinside Academy. He worked in an Edinburgh footwear company and in 1934 he joined No. 602 (City of Glasgow) Auxiliary Air Force Squadron as a weekend flier.

Royal Air Force
Early in 1938, Johnstone was a civilian navigation instructor at Scottish Aviation, moving later to the Civil Air Navigation School at Prestwick. In August 1939, he was called to full-time service with No. 602 Squadron. On 24 November 1939 George Pinkerton was promoted to squadron leader and given command of No. 65 Squadron RAF, with Johnstone taking over command of 'B' Flight from Pinkerton.

After participating in engagements with lone German raiders off the Scottish coast in late 1939-early 1940, he was given command of 602 Squadron in July 1940 at the age of 24. By this time Johnstone had already claimed a Heinkel He 111, a Junkers Ju 88 and a Dornier Do 17 damaged. The squadron was transferred south to RAF Westhampnett in West Sussex, where it was stationed throughout the Battle of Britain.

His tally after the battle (and his final wartime score) was 7 (and 2 shared) aircraft destroyed, 1 probable, and 6 (and 1 shared) damaged. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions.

After serving as operations controller at RAF Turnhouse in Scotland in 1941, Johnstone was posted in April 1942 to RAF Haifa in Palestine as sector commander. He then went to Malta as station commander at RAF Luqa, before commanding a Spitfire wing. In the spring of 1943 he returned to Britain to attend the RAF Staff College. In September 1943 he moved on to RAF Fairwood Common, West Glamorgan, as sector commander.

In May 1944 Johnstone was promoted to acting group captain on the Allied Expeditionary Air Force operations staff preparing for the D-Day invasion. After the landings he moved to Normandy with General Eisenhower's headquarters staff.

Early in 1945 Johnstone joined the RAF delegation in Washington, D.C. He returned in June to Fighter Command No. 12 Group RAF HQ staff, receiving a permanent commission. In 1946 Johnstone was appointed air attache in Dublin, and went on to serve as station commander, RAF Ballykelly.  In 1953 he was made Commanding Officer of the Air Sea Warfare Development Unit at RAF St Mawgan.  In 1954 he returned to No. 12 Group RAF as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO).

In 1956 he was deputy air defence commander, Malaya and was then seconded to assist in the formation of the Royal Federation of Malaya Air Force. After spells as station commander at RAF Middleton St. George, the Imperial Defence College, and director of personnel at the Air Ministry, in 1964 he was posted to Borneo as Air Commodore, Commonwealth Air Forces.

In 1965 he returned to the UK to become an air vice marshal. He headed Coastal Command's No. 18 Group RAF, was Air Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland, and was NATO's North Atlantic maritime air commander.

Johnstone was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1966 and, reflecting his years as an Auxiliary Air Force officer, also held the much-prized Air Efficiency Award.

Johnstone retired from the Royal Air Force in 1968.

Later life
From 1969 to 1979, Johnstone served as vice-chairman of the Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve. He was also secretary of Glasgow Golf Club, and as head of the National Car Parks (NCP) and secretary of Denham Golf Club.  From 1971 to 1994 he was Deputy Lieutenant for Glasgow.

He became a successful author and resided near Ipswich in Suffolk. Johnstone was an accomplished author, writing six books. Johnstone married Margaret Croll in 1940. They had a son, Iain Johnstone, an Army officer, and two daughters, Ann and Patricia. Sandy Johnstone died on 13 December 2000, aged 84.

Works
One Man's War (1964)
Where no Angels Dwell  (1969)
Enemy in the Sky: My 1940 Diary  (1976)
Adventure in the Sky  (1978)
Spitfire into War  (1986)
Diary of an Aviator (1993)

References

External links
Quote from Johnstone about a day in the Battle of Britain

1916 births
2000 deaths
British military personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Companions of the Order of the Bath
People educated at Kelvinside Academy
Military personnel from Glasgow
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force air marshals
Scottish airmen
The Few
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
British World War II flying aces
Scottish flying aces
Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies


The  Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages.

Most varieties of Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible, forming a dialect continuum (spanning the intermediate Moravian dialects) rather than being two clearly distinct languages; standardised forms of these two languages are, however, easily distinguishable and recognizable because of disparate vocabulary, orthography, pronunciation, phonology, suffixes and prefixes. The eastern Slovak dialects are more divergent and form a broader dialect continuum with the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic, most notably Polish.

The name "Czechoslovak language" is mostly reserved for an official written standard intended to unify Czech and Slovak created in the 19th century (but to a greater extent based on Czech rather than Slovak).

History

The early Slavic expansion reached Central Europe in the 7th century, and the West Slavic dialects diverged from common Slavic over the following centuries. The West Slavic tribes settled on the eastern fringes of the Carolingian Empire, along the Limes Saxoniae. Prior to the Magyar invasion of Pannonia in the 890s, the West Slavic polity of Great Moravia spanned much of Central Europe between what is now Eastern Germany and Western Romania. In the high medieval period, the West Slavic tribes were again pushed to the east by the incipient German Ostsiedlung, decisively so following the Wendish Crusade in the 11th century.

West Slavic as a group distinct from common Slavic thus emerges during the 7th to 9th centuries.
The Czech-Slovak in turn develops as a separate dialect continuum within West Slavic during roughly the 10th to 12th centuries, just predating the first written attestation of the language in the 13th to 14th centuries. The diversification of West Slavic had the characteristic of a dialect continuum. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). This innovation appears to have travelled from east to west, and is sometimes attributed to contact with Scytho-Sarmatian.  It is approximately dated to the 12th century in Slovak, the 12th to 13th century in Czech and the 14th century in Upper Sorbian.

The Bohemian state was incorporated as the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 13th century. The Slovaks, on the other hand, never became part of the Holy Roman Empire in the medieval period, being incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
For this reason, the history of the closely related Czech and Slovak peoples took a significantly different course during the later medieval period, the Czechs being associated with the Holy Roman Empire and the Slovaks being affected by the history of Eastern Europe (the history of Hungary and the Mongol invasion). In the 16th century, however, they were once again united under   Habsburg rule, and after the fall of the Habsburg monarchy sharing their own country of Czechoslovakia during 1918–1992.

In the modern period, the spoken language of Bohemia became influenced by the written standard and developed into Common Czech, largely effacing dialectal variation within Bohemia.
By contrast, Moravia remained dialectally diverse, with a series of variants intermediate between Czech and Slovak, and are thus sometimes viewed as dialects of Slovak rather than Czech.
The Czech–Slovak group was summarized under the term "Bohemian–Moravian–Slovak" () in the Austrian census of Cisleithania beginning in the 1880s.

The Czechoslovak language was an attempt to create a single written standard, first proposed during the national revival in the 1830s and the official language of the First Czechoslovak Republic from 1920 to 1938.

In television and radio, Czech and Slovak were used in equal ratios. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech and Slovak written standards have been the official languages of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, respectively.

Beginning in the 1990s, a political movement of Moravian linguistic separatism has developed.
 On the occasion of 2011 Census of the Czech Republic, several Moravian organizations (Moravané and Moravian National Community among others) led a campaign to promote the Moravian nationality and language. The 2011 census recorded 62,908 native speakers of Moravian.

Varieties
The Czech-Slovak dialect continuum historically blended into Silesian in the west and Old Ruthenian (also known as Chancery Slavonic) in the east. With the development of the written standards in the 19th century, it has become less diversified, but there remains a pronounced dialectal division in Moravia.
The southeastern Moravian dialects, in particular, are sometimes considered dialects of Slovak rather than Czech, e.g.  using the same declension patterns for nouns and pronouns and the same verb conjugations as Slovak.

Czech language: since the later 20th century largely standardised, dialectal use is now mostly restricted to older speakers) Common Czech (obecná čeština) is the main vernacular based on the dialect of the Prague region.
Nářečí středočeská (Central Bohemian dialects)
Nářečí jihozápadočeská (Southwestern Bohemian dialects)
Podskupina chodská (Chod subgroup)
Podskupina doudlebská (Doudleby subgroup)
Nářečí severovýchodočeská (Northeastern Bohemian dialects)
Podskupina podkrknošská (Krkonoše subgroup)
Teták (Litomyšl) †
Moravian dialects  (moravština)
Bohemian-Moravian (Nářečí českomoravská, transitional to Bohemian Czech)
Central Moravian (Hanakian, Nářečí středomoravská)
Podskupina tišnovská (Tišnov subgroup)
Lach/Silesian (Nářečí slezská, transitional Silesian)
Eastern Moravian (Moravian-Slovak, Nářečí východomoravská, transitional to Slovak)
Podskupina slovácká (Moravian Slovak subgroup)
Podskupina valašská (Moravian Wallachian subgroup)
 Knaanic language (Judeo-Czech) †
Slovak language
Western Slovak dialects (in   Kysuce, Trenčín, Trnava, Nitra, Záhorie)
Central Slovak dialects (in Liptov, Orava, Turiec, Tekov, Hont, Novohrad, Gemer and the historic Zvolen county)
Lowland (dolnozemské) Slovak dialects (outside Slovakia in the Pannonian Plain in Serbian Vojvodina, and in southeastern Hungary, western Romania, and the Croatian part of Syrmia)
Eastern Slovak dialects (in Spiš, Šariš, Zemplín and Abov, transitional to Ruthenian)

In a 1964 textbook on Czech dialectology, Břetislav Koudela used the sentence "Put the flour from the mill in the cart" to highlight phonetic differences between dialects:

Comparison of written standards

The following comparison concerns the contemporary written standards:

Orthography
Slovak graphemes that do not exist in Czech are: ä, ľ, ĺ, ŕ, ô. Czech graphemes that do not exist in Slovak are: ě, ř and ů (see Pronunciation for Czech language and Pronunciation for Slovak language).

Phonology
Slovak has the following phonemes which Czech does not have: , , , and the diphthongs  , , ,  (also  in higher-style standard Slovak, or some dialects); and on the contrary, Czech has .
Slovak, unlike Czech, uses palatal consonants more frequently (that is, is phonetically "softer"), but there are some exceptions. Slovak de, te, ne are usually pronounced as the Czech dě, tě, ně.
The "rhythmic law" in Slovak prohibits two adjacent long syllables.

Grammar
Slovak grammar is somewhat more regular than the grammar of literary Czech, since present-day standard Slovak was not codified until the 19th century.
The two languages have differences in declension and conjugation endings and paradigms (e.g. Slovak -cia, -ej, -dlo, -ť, -ov, -om, -mi – Czech , -é, , -t, -ů, -em, y).
Slovak does not commonly use the vocative case, while the Czech vocative is still very much alive.
Slovak uses the passive voice formed as in English less than Czech, and prefers the passive voice formed using the reflexive pronoun sa (as in East Slavic languages) instead.

Lexicon
Lexical differences are mostly of simple historical origin. As for professional terminology, except for biology (esp. all names of animals and plants), the Czech terminology was mostly taken over (in Slovakised form) for practical reasons. The Czech-Slovak Dictionary of Different Terms (1989, Prague) contains some 11,000 entries (without professional terminology):

Examples of words with different meanings: SK topiť (to melt/to drown) (could be same meanings, depends on region) – CZ topit (to heat/to drown), SK kúriť (to heat) – CZ kouřit (to smoke), SK horký (bitter) – CZ horký (hot) but hořký (bitter), SK stávka (stake, bet)  – CZ stávka (strike), SK chudý (slim, skinny)  – CZ chudý (poor; metaphorically also slim), SK kapusta (cabbage)  – CZ kapusta (Savoy cabbage), SK pivnica (cellar)  – CZ pivnice (pub), SK syrový (cheesy, of cheese)  – CZ syrový (raw, uncooked) but sýrový (of cheese), SK spraviť (to make, to create)  – CZ spravit (to repair, to fix).
Czech months are of Slavic origin (e.g. říjen), whereas the Slovak months are of Latin origin (e.g. október).

Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; e.g. foreign (SK cudzí – CZ cizí), reason (SK dôvod – CZ důvod), to want (SK chcieť – CZ chtít), to promise (SK sľubovať  – CZ slibovat), if (SK keby – CZ kdyby), river (SK rieka – CZ řeka), church (SK kostol – CZ kostel), wedding (SK svadobný – CZ svatební), who (SK kto – CZ kdo),  to ask (SK spýtať sa – CZ zeptat se), to fail (SK zlyhať – CZ selhat), almost (SK takmer – CZ téměř), thanks (SK ďakujem, vďaka – CZ děkuju, díky).

Example text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Slovak:
 Všetci ľudia sa rodia slobodní a rovní v dôstojnosti aj právach. Sú obdarení rozumom a svedomím a majú sa k sebe správať v duchu bratstva.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Czech (adjusted to Slovak translation):
Všichni lidé se rodí svobodní a rovní v důstojnosti i právech. Jsou obdařeni rozumem a svědomím a mají se k sobě chovat v duchu bratrství.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

See also
West Slavic languages
History of the Czech language
History of the Slovak language
Czechoslovak language

References

Bibliography

External links

Czech language
Differences between Slovak and Czech languages
Slovak and Czech languages


Shim'a (), also Yonadav (), is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, along the Green Line south of Livne and Teneh Omarim. Located on a hill 600 metres above sea level, it is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Har Hevron Regional Council. In  it had a population of .

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Name
Shim'a/Yonadav is named after King David's brother Shimeah and his son Jonadab ().

History
The settlement was first established in 1982 as a pioneer Nahal military outpost, and demilitarized when turned over to residential purposes in 1988. As of 2015, Shim'a had approximately 600 residents.

References

External links
Shim'a  Amana
Shim'a Peace Now

Non-religious Israeli settlements
Populated places established in 1982
Nahal settlements
1982 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Community settlements
Israeli settlements in the West Bank


Ceramic colorants are added to a glaze or a clay to create color. Carbonates and oxides of certain metals, characterize most colorants including the commonly used cobalt carbonate, cobalt oxide, chrome oxide, red iron oxide, and copper carbonate. These colorants can create a multitude of colors depending on other materials they interact with and to which temperature and in which atmosphere they are fired.

Cobalt
Cobalt is commonly used in either its carbonate (CoCO3) or its oxide (Co3O4) forms. In the presence of most fluxes, it yields blue colors ranging from low saturation pastels to high saturation midnight blues in both oxidation and reduction atmospheres. However, in the presence of magnesium, cobalt can become purple or pink depending on whether it was fired in oxidation (yields purple) or reduction. Cobalt is also commonly used in black glazes and in washes as decorative medium. Common saturation percentages for low saturation range from (.25 to .5%) and in high saturation from (1 to 2%).

Chrome
"Chrome is a rather versatile and fickle colorant," (Chappell). Chrome oxide (Cr2O3) is  commonly used for achieving greens. However, in the presence of zinc, chrome can produce brown. Glazes with tin oxide present will often blush to pink if fumed with chrome or if chrome is present in the glaze with the tin, often intense pinks occur. If fired above cone 6, chrome will fume and become a gas in the kiln.  Common saturation percentages for chrome at low saturation range from (.25 to .5%) and at higher percentages from (1 to 2%). Chrome is a refractory.

Red Iron
Iron is commonly used as a colorant in its red iron oxide form as (Fe2O3). Red iron oxide is commonly used to produce earthy reds and browns. It is the metal responsible for making earthenwares red.  Iron is also another tricky colorant because of its ability to yield different colors under different circumstances. At low percentages (.5-1%) and in the presence of potassium, iron will become light blue or light blue-green in reduction (as is seen in traditional celadons).  In the presence of barium, iron may become yellow green. When used in combination with calcium, red iron oxide can become pale yellow or amber in oxidation or green in reduction. Common percentages for red iron oxide range from (4 up to 10%).

Copper
Copper's carbonate form (CuCO3) is commonly used to produce greens, turquoise, and copper reds. If need be, copper oxide (CuO) can be substituted but has a larger particle size and glazes should be adjusted to generally half the amount called for.  In barium based glazes greenish blues often result from copper. Alkaline feldspar glazes with copper fired in reduction atmospheres will often yield ox blood or copper red glazes discovered by the Chinese. When fired above cone 8  copper can become unstable and will often fume off of a glaze in vapor form.

References
Clay and Glazes: Revised edition. Chappell, James. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York. 1991.
Glazes for the Craft Potter. Fraser, Harry. Watson Guptill Publications, New York. 1974.
Clay and Glaze for the Potter. Rhodes, Daniel. Krause Publications. 2000. Expanded and Revised by Robin Hopper.

Ceramic materials


Paul Fulcrand Delacour De Labillière  (22 January 187928 April 1946) was the second Bishop of Knaresborough from 1934 to 1937; and, subsequently, Dean of Westminster.

Career
Born on 22 January 1879 into a legal family (his father was a barrister of the Middle Temple) he was educated at Harrow and Merton College, Oxford (where he was later elected an Honorary Fellow, in 1945). He was made deacon in Advent 1902 (21 December) at the Pro-Cathedral, and ordained priest the following Advent (20 December 1903) at Edge Hill Parish Church (i.e. St Mary's) — both times by Francis Chavasse, Bishop of Liverpool.

After ordination in 1903 he served as a curate in Liverpool and Plymouth before his appointment as Chaplain to the Bishop of Durham and then  missionary work in South Africa. In South Africa he met and married Ester Morkel; they had a son and a daughter.

He was successively Clerical Superintendent of the Liverpool Scripture Readers, Chaplain of Wadham College, Oxford, Lecturer  at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford and Vicar of Christ Church, High Harrogate before a 4-year stint as Suffragan Bishop of Knaresborough and Archdeacon of Leeds. He was consecrated a bishop on St James's Day 1934 (25 July), by William Temple, Archbishop of York, at York Minster. He served as Bishop of Knaresborough until his installation as Dean of Westminster on Candlemas 1938 (2 February).

A quiet but effective priest, his final professional appointment was as Dean of Westminster. De Labillière had profound experiences of both World Wars. In the Great War he had earned a Mention in Despatches when he served as a chaplain from 1916 to 1919, from December 1917 in Egypt. In the Second World War, when he was Dean of Westminster, a German bomb in 1941 destroyed part of the Abbey and the Deanery. George VI’s Private Secretary, Tommy Lascelles, noted in his diary for 24 November 1942, ‘The Dean of Westminster lunched with me .... I like him, and have always admired him for his unruffled fortitude the day after the Germans blew his beautiful deanery and all his possessions into dust and ashes during one of the worst Blitz-nights. De Labillière was sufficiently well-regarded to be a candidate for Archbishop of Canterbury when Cosmo Lang retired in 1942. De Labillière was recognised as a scholar and preacher but ‘lacks weight’; William Temple was appointed.

De Labilliere is also remembered for a last minute change in the Abbey's Armistice Day service in 1938 after Kristallnacht when he included a prayer for the Jewish people 'in their trouble.'

The Deanery was destroyed in the 1941 Blitz and it is said the King and Queen offered him alternative accommodation at Buckingham Palace but he found a new place to live close to the Abbey.

As Dean of Westminster, De Labillière was also ex officio Dean of the Order of the Bath; he died in post of a brain haemorrhage on 28 April 1946.

References

1879 births
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Bishops of Knaresborough
Archdeacons of Leeds
Deans of Westminster
1946 deaths


The Horten Line () was a  branch railway line of the Vestfold Line which ran from Skoppum to Horten, Norway. The line opened as a narrow gauge line on 13 October 1881, the same day as the Vestfold Line. The latter had been proposed to run through Horten, but instead a branch line was chosen. The Horten Line converted to standard gauge in 1949 and electrified in 1957. Passenger transport ran until 1968 and freight trains until 2002. The line was demolished in 2009. Skoppum Station and Borre Station have both been preserved as examples of Balthazar Lange's Swiss chalet style architecture.

Route
The Horten Line was a branch of the Vestfold Line which ran  from Skoppum Station to Horten Station, which is entirely located within the current municipality of Horten. The line was since 1949 standard gauge and from 1957 electrified at . The line had seven stations, of which three were originally manned stations with passing loops. The line has a continual gradient down from Skoppum Station, which reaches a maximum of 1.88 percent.

Skoppum Station is located  from Oslo West Station at an elevation of  above mean sea level (AMSL). It passed Vestre Sande Station after  before reaching Borre Station, located  from Skoppum and at  AMSL. It continues past three more halts, Langgrunn, Rørestrand and Steinsnes, before reaching Horten Station, located at  AMSL. In Horten there was a branch to the port.

History

Planning and construction
Public opinion started debating the need for a railway through Vestfold in the late 1860s The parliamentarians from Jarlsberg and Larvik County (renamed Vestfold in 1919) appealed to the government in 1869 for the construction of a railway through Vestfold south from Drammen to Larvik and onwards to Langefjorden. The request was positively accepted by the government, who instructed the railway director to carry out surveys through Vestfold. The country experienced an economic boom starting in 1871, with demands throughout the country for railways to be built. Official planning of a railway through Vestfold to Brevik commenced with a royal resolution on 24 July 1871.

There were a multitude of proposals for where the railway should run. The only points of agreement were that the line should run through Tønsberg, Sandefjord and Larvik, and the line between the three towns was the least controversial. North of Tønsberg there was more disunity. One proposal was to run the railway from Vestfossen Station on the Kongsberg Line along the east shore of Eikeren and down to Tønsberg along a route similar to that which the Tønsberg–Eidsfoss Line would later follow. A branch line would then be built to Horten. Alternatively a passage through Sande was proposed, although fourteen different routes were proposed. Three main ones were the inner, outer and combined coastal alternatives. The outer followed the shore of the Oslofjord, would be  and would run through Holmestrand, Horten and Åsgårdstrand before reaching Tønsberg. The combined and inner would be , respectively, and both involved building a branch line to Horten. The main argument against the coastal route was that the towns already had a good steamship service, with several daily departures. A third major alternative was to bypass the coast altogether and build down the valley of Lågendalen to Larvik.

Shares for various routes were issued in 1873, and the coastal alternative proved to be the most popular. Still, the county politicians preferred an interior route when it applied for the government to build the line. By 1874 the state railway commission had considered the line and had concluded that it should be built with narrow gauge. Only its chair, Professor Broch, voted in favor of standard gauge. The advantage of  narrow gauge was that it would cut construction costs by a third. The construction of the line was considered by Parliament in 1875. A political deal was struck, where representatives from the Vestfold area agreed to support the Voss Line while representatives from Hordaland supported the Jarlsberg Line. The decision, taken on 8 June 1875, was made with 76 against 36 votes, and supported the compromise coastal route with an extension to Skien.

Construction of the Jarlsberg and Horten Lines commenced in 1876. Because King Oscar II happened to be touring Norway in October 1881, the railway between Drammen and Larvik was officially opened by him on 13 October 1881, including the branch to Horten. However, the construction was not completed and the line did not actually start operations until late December.

Operational history

Initially the line had four trains per direction per day, increasing to seven in 1884. It reached eleven during the 1920s and peaked with thirteen from 1946. Travel time was initially 16 minutes between Skoppum and Horten. The Horten Line was served with the same rolling stock as the Vestfold Line. This included steam locomotives including the Class V, Class XIII and Class XXIII. From 1930 four Bmc Class 1 gasoline multiple units were delivered to the Vestfold Line, and these were frequently used on the Horten Line. A used gasoline multiple unit was taken over from the Tønsberg–Eidsfoss Line when it closed in 1938, and a Cmbo Class 1 from the Flekkefjord Line when it was gauge converted in 1944.

The line's patronage peaked in the 1920, when ca. 200,000 annual passengers were transported along with between 5,000 and 15,000 tonnes of cargo. Originally the line only had three stations: Skoppum, Borre and Horten. Vestre Sande and Rørestrand opened on 1 July 1929, although the latter was closed on 17 June the following year. Instead Steinenes was opened on 25 June. Langgrunn opened on 23 June 1941.

Though their bus division, NSB Biltrafikk, the railway company operated both bus and train services between Skoppum and Horten from the mid-1940s. Planning of conversion to standard gauge commenced in 1910, but steady delays caused the Vestfold Line to remain the last narrow-gauge mainline railway by 1945. The gauge conversion was carried out simultaneously on the Horten and Vestfold Lines, and the new gauge was taken into use on 3 October 1949. With the gauge conversion the number of daily services to eight. Electrification of the Vestfold Line was carried out in 1957, and the Horten Line became the last segment to receive electric traction, on 11 December 1957. With the electrification the passenger trains were operated using Class 65 electric multiple units, while freight trains were hauled using primarily El 2 locomotives, supplemented with El 1 and El 10.

Closing
NSB gradually increased its focus on bus traffic on the route, reducing the number of train services to five from 1962. NSB decided that it was cheaper to operate all services by bus, and closed down all passenger services on the Horten Line from 26 May 1967. A modest amount of freight traffic was retained. From 1992 to 1994 National Road 19 was rebuilt along the route, which forced the overhead lines along part of the line to be taken down. Electric traction resumed in 1994. All traffic terminated in 2002 and the line was demolished in 2009.

Architecture
Balthazar Lange was selected as the Vestfold and Horten Lines main architect. He worked on the various plans from late 1879 until July 1882, when he retired as a railway architect. The stations were designed in Swiss chalet style. Skoppum Station was given an island platform design, with the station located between the two tracks. This, and the need for space for transshipment, gave the station an odd design, and the island location gave it difficult access from the surroundings. Skoppum and Borre Stations have been preserved and is listed as a heritage site by the Directorate for Cultural Heritage. Horten Station has been demolished.

References

Bibliography

Railway lines in Vestfold og Telemark
Railway lines opened in 1881
Railway lines closed in 2002
Electric railways in Norway
1881 establishments in Norway
2002 disestablishments in Norway
3 ft 6 in gauge railways in Norway
Standard gauge railways in Norway


The Fokker S.I was a Dutch primary trainer, first flown in 1919 and the first of a family of trainers from the Fokker company.

Development
The S.I was designed by Reinhold Platz as a primary trainer with a cantilever parasol wing with two side-by side seats for instructor and pupil in a wide cockpit. It first flew in early 1919 at Schwerin. Although the prototype performed well, the unusual cantilever parasol wing was not liked and only three production aircraft were built.

Two production aircraft were powered by  Le Rhône engines and were exported to the USSR and one other aircraft was built for the United States Army Air Service for evaluation at McCook Field. The USAAS aircraft was powered by a  Curtiss OX-5 engine and was designated the TW-4 (Trainer Water-cooled).

Operators

Soviet Air Force

United States Army Air Service as the TW-4.

Specifications (TW-4)

See also

Notes

References

 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 1899

1910s Dutch military trainer aircraft
S.I
Aircraft first flown in 1919
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft


Giuseppe Galliano (Vicoforte, 27 September 1846 – Adwa, 1 March 1896) was an officer of the Royal Italian Army, mostly known for his role during the First Italo-Ethiopian War. He perished in the Battle of Adwa and was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valour.

Early years
The son of an officer who, in 1821, had joined Santorre di Santarosa in the constitutional motions in Piedmont, Giuseppe Galliano entered the Military College in Asti on 24 October 1854. In 1864 he entered the Military School, which he left two years after as second lieutenant in the arm of Infantry, and was assigned to the 24th Regiment Como with which he participated to the war against Austria in 1866. In 1870 he was promoted to the rank of Luogotenente (Lieutenant) and in 1873 he was moved to the new Alpini body; on 19 July 1883, he became a captain and was sent to the 58th Infantry regiment Abruzzi. In 1884 he passed to the 82nd "Turin" Infantry Regiment; on 6 November 1887, he left for Eritrea under the command of General Alessandro Asinari di San Marzano, to avenge the Dogali massacre. Since the Abyssinians “disappeared like fog in the sunlight” the expedition corps was repatriated. On 10 March 1888, Captain Galliano returned to his Regiment and stayed in Turin for two years; in 1890, he was sent again to Eritrea.

African Colonial Service

Battle of Agordat

In the battle of Agordat (1893) Captain Giuseppe Galliano commanded a Battalion of Colonial Eritreans, as well as a battery of mountain artillery served from Sudanese soldiers. At first, the battle was favourable to Galliano's troops but later the Dervishes, excited by their military and religious heads, tried to close in on them. Galliano could not check their offensive and had to order the retreat. Later, he ordered a violent bayonet counterattack, leading it himself on horse. Shortly the Dervishes fled in disarray. The booty of guns, ammunition and standards is now in the Museum of Artillery of Turin. Between the flags is the famous green banner, which was one painful and disheartening loss to the Dervishes.

When King Umberto I assigned him the Gold Medal of Military Valor, Captain Galliano wrote to his brother: “A single thing disturbs my joy for such honour: it is too different from the one given to my officers, who have earned it for me, to whom the Ministry was not as generous as to me”. Galliano distinguished himself for his skill in instructing native troops and constituting them in solid and homogenous units.

Battle of Coatit

In January 1895 began the battle of Coatit between Italian troops and those from Ras Mangascià, governor of Tigray, who was defeated and forced to take shelter near Senafe, pursued by Italian troops. Giuseppe Galliano, promoted to major after Agordat, had a great role in this operation. The action earned him a Silver Medal of Military Valor, and the Knight Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus by Monarch's motu proprio.

Defence of the fort of Mek'ele

In the autumn of 1895, all of Tigray was occupied; the Governor of Eritrea, General Oreste Baratieri returned to Massaua. A few weeks later, Negus Menelik II denounced the undue Italian occupation of Tigray, a territory that the Treaty of Wuchale assigned to Ethiopia. Menelik II collected huge supplies of provisions, cattle, arms and ammunition and gathered a big army in order to march against the Italian column. In December the Abyssinian army could boast 100,000 men, while the Italian forces had been divided into two contingents: 5000 men were stationed in Adigrat and 5000 in Mek'ele, under General Giuseppe Arimondi.
Arimondi intended to support Major Pietro Toselli, isolated with its company on the plateau of Amba Alagi in an advanced position. However, Governor Baratieri telegraphed that the garrison in Mek'ele had to be maintained and prohibited general Arimondi from moving. On 7 December approximately 2000 soldiers, commanded by Major Toselli, died heroically.

Arimondi, who had advanced as far as Aderà, (20 km from Amba Alagi), could only collect the few survivors and go back to Adigrat, leaving Giuseppe Galliano with 1.300 men in the fort of Enda Yesus near Mek'ele. The army of the Negus began the siege of the fort. Galliano resisted for two months the continuous attacks of 100,000 Abyssinian armed men. The small garrison of approximately 1,500 men endured serious losses, mainly from diseases, but did not surrender. The peace negotiations reached the peak on 17 January 1896, when Menelik II offered to stop hostilities and let the Italians in Mek'ele go free, asking in compensation that the Treaty of Wuchale be cancelled. The Italian government, though demanding the liberation of the besieged ones of Mek'ele, remained firm in asking that the Treaty be renewed. The siege finally came to an end when Menelik agreed to free the Italian army and negotiate. This was good news for Galliano because his army was facing defeat and was short of water supplies. Galliano with all his men joined the Italian forces near the Eritrean border. For the defence of the fort of Enda Yesus (then called in his honour “Fort Galliano”), Galliano received another Silver Medal of Military Valor and was moved up to lieutenant colonel in January 1896.

The Battle of Adwa and death

In the last days of February, the Italian army had supplies only for a few days. It was necessary to retreat or to advance to Adwa in order to reach the warehouses of Adi Ugri and Asmara. Baratieri was more favourable to the retreat but the other generals were inclined to the attack. In the night between 29 February and 1 March, Baratieri decided at last to face the enemy with his 20,000 men against 100,000 of Menelik II. He was led to a risky manoeuvre, and to engage battle, by a telegram of Francesco Crispi (head of the government) sent on 25 February: “This one is a military tuberculosis, not a war”. On the night of 29 February, the army moved in three columns: Colonel Galliano took part in the centre one, 2,500 soldiers guided by General Giuseppe Arimondi. On the Rajo Mount, Galliano tried to cover the left wing of the brigade of Arimondi by blocking the Abyssinians. In this effort, he and all his soldiers fell.

A second Gold Medal of Military Valor was conferred posthumously to Galliano. Galliano, the first Alpine decorated with the gold medal, was also the first officer who received two Gold Medals of Military Valuor, thus breaking off the tradition of not awarding it twice to the same person.

Legacy
In Ceva, (Cuneo), is a Museum dedicated to Galliano, as well as several public buildings and a bronze monument.

Galliano is also the namesake of Galliano, a herbal liqueur.

Honours
 Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
“motu proprio of Monarch” - 1896

  Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy
  Silver Medal of Military Valour
“For the combats of Coatit”
- 1893

  Gold Medal of Military Valour
“Decisive victory over the Dervishes”
- Agordat (Eritrean), December 1893

  Silver Medal of Military Valour
“For the heroic defence of the fort of Enda Jesus (Mek'ele)”
- 1896

  Gold Medal of Military Valour
“Engaged with his battalion on the Rajo Mount, in the more critical moment of the fight, he fought with valour. [...] he, although wounded, persisted in the resistance with the few soldiers near him, urging the others to end with honour, until he was killed. Adua, (Ethiopia), 1 March 1896

See also
 Oreste Baratieri

Notes

External links
 (it) I generali di Adua

1846 births
1896 deaths
Italian Army officers
Italian military personnel killed in the First Italo-Ethiopian War
People from Vicoforte


Poperratic was a solo music project/band from Los Angeles, California. Its sole member was the songwriter, composer, and multi-instrumentalist Jammes Luckett.  Its music traversed a number of genres, but was mostly distinguished by Luckett's heavy rhythm guitar work, layers of harmonies, catchy melodies, and storytelling lyrics.

Jammes Luckett came to some international attention via her film and television soundtrack work with writer/film director Lucky McKee.  It feature films, such as the cult favorite "May", The Woods, Masters of Horror: "Sick Girl", and Roman (the latter written by and starring McKee, and directed by fellow frequent collaborator Angela Bettis).

History
Poperratic was founded in 1994, initially under the name Alien Tempo Experiment 13, and was renamed in 2004.  Early years saw Luckett releasing lo-fi homemade albums on her label imprint Go Little Records, and in 1998, she released a 7" vinyl E.P. with Glimmerfed Records.  The E.P. was co-produced by Luckett, with A.J. Lambert, then-future film director Lucky McKee, and also Don Fleming (musician) [noted music producer who has worked with (Hole (band), Sonic Youth, and Shonen Knife)].

In 2006, Poperratic performed at the International Pop Overthrow Music Festival in Los Angeles.

In early 2007, Poperratic's first studio album, 'Vagus (the wandering nerve.)' was released.  A review at Perrero said of the 'Vagus', "The album overall has a really bluesy old school rock feel, by way of the grrl band movement of the early 1990s."

In addition to Poperratic, Luckett also wrote and performed as one-half of the electronic pop project DEUXO, with composer/musician/producer Schpilkas.

Soundtrack work
Luckett's first feature film soundtrack work was for "May (film)," requested by longtime collaborator Lucky McKee.  Luckett eventually wrote and performed various soundtracks for McKee; credited under various names including "Jaye Barnes Luckett" and "Alien Tempo Experiment 13".  Luckett's scores earned a reputation for their "haunting melodies and textured atmosphere".  Both Ain't It Cool News and The Los Angeles Times cited Jammes Luckett as a "composer to watch".
. Most of her early scoring work for Lucky McKee was written, performed and recorded herself, with modest equipment, lending itself to the unconventional nature of her writing.

In 2007, Luckett's soundtrack work was recognized with a limited edition CD release containing an early career retrospective of Jammes Luckett and Poperratic's soundtrack work, "May and Other Selected Works of Jaye Barnes Luckett" was released by La-La Land Records, and also a place on the first-ever Composer Panel at the Fangoria Weekend of Horrors.

Though mostly known for her horror soundtracks, Luckett primarily worked in other genres.  She also frequently worked with other directors such as Angela Bettis and writer/director Kevin Ford of Mo-Freek Filmworks.

Personnel

Past members
Jammes Luckett – vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, drums

Selected discography
ATE 13: Live! From The Roller Derby 7" vinyl/EP (1998)
Quel Horror! The Impossibly Misleading Film Music of JBL and ATE 13 CD/LP (2006)
Vagus (the wandering nerve.) CD/LP (2007)
MAY and Other Selected Works of Jaye Barnes Luckett CD/LP (2007)

References

External links
Jammes Luckett Official Site

DEUXO Official Site

All-female bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Rock music groups from California
Musical groups established in 1994


Newtonville station is a commuter rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Framingham/Worcester Line, located between the Massachusetts Turnpike and Washington Street at Newtonville Square in the village of Newtonville in Newton, Massachusetts. Stairway entrances are located on the bridges over the Turnpike at Walnut Street and Harvard Street. Newtonville station is not accessible; renovations for accessibility are planned.

History

Hulls Crossing station opened as a flag stop on the Boston and Worcester Railroad in 1842. It was first located on the south side of the tracks on the west side of Harvard Street, then later moved to the east side. The first station agent, Joshua Ramsdell, worked at Newtonville from 1844 to 1889, by which time he was "probably the oldest station agent in New England".

A red brick station was constructed slightly to the east in the 1870s, one of a small number of B&A stations built that decade. It ultimately became the first stop outside Boston for long-distance trains on the Boston and Albany Railroad.

The original station was destroyed in the 1960s by the extension of the Massachusetts Turnpike along the railroad's right-of-way, narrowing it from four tracks to two.

After Amtrak took over intercity service in 1971, the Bay State briefly stopped at Newtonville.

The present station has one active side platform next to the southern track (Turnpike side); trains on the other track can be boarded via a wooden crossing, as is occasionally done when the southern track is closed for repairs.  A second platform, now abandoned, sits aside the northern track. Both platforms are low level.

The station was temporarily closed on October 22–25, 2019, while repairs were made to the stairs.

Renovations

None of the stations on the Framingham line in Newton — Newtonville, , and  — are accessible. All have only one active platform, all low-level, and all are accessed by stairs. The MBTA has proposed three alternative plans to make the Newton stations accessible, so as to comply with the Americans with Disability Act. Plan 1 would add a high level platform on only one track, would cost an estimated $46 million and would take five years to complete. Plan 2 would have high-level side platforms on both tracks, would cost $129 million and take 8 years. The platform on the north side would be built first and used for service while the south platform was rebuilt. Plan 1 could be upgraded to Plan 2 at a later date. All stations would remain in service during construction of both plans. A more elaborate plan 3 would cost 218 million. Plan 3 would have center island platforms at each station and would take 12 years. Each station would have to be closed during its construction. Plans 2 and 3 would permit increased service to Newton, up to 20 inbound trains per day vs the current and Plan 1 limit of 13.

The MBTA opted for Alternative 1, providing a single side platform at each station, and awarded a design contract to Vanasse Hangen Brustlin. The projected timeline had all stations being complete by June 2024. Design reached 30% in November 2020 and was expected to be complete in spring 2022. The designs were later changed to have two platforms to reduce operational impacts. The new design reached 30% completion in early 2022. A ramp was added to the design scope at that time, delaying expected design completion to February 2024. Drilling for geotechnical surveying took place in October–November 2022. Design work was 75% complete by June 2023.

References

External links

 MBTA – Newtonville
 Harvard Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 Walnut Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

Former Boston and Albany Railroad stations
MBTA Commuter Rail stations in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Former Amtrak stations in Massachusetts
Railway stations in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Newton, Massachusetts


Michael Duane Miller (born December 29, 1959) is a retired track and field sprinter and American football wide receiver. Representing the United States, he is best known for setting the 1982 world's best year performance in the men's 200 metres. He did so at altitude on June 2, 1982 at a meet in Provo, Utah, clocking 20.15. Miller was an All-American track athlete at the University of Tennessee.

Football

Miller was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 4th round (104th overall) of the 1983 NFL Draft. He played for the New York Giants (1983) and the New Orleans Saints (1985).

References

External links
 1982 Year Rankings

1959 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
American male sprinters
New Orleans Saints players
New York Giants players
Players of American football from Michigan
Sportspeople from Flint, Michigan
Tennessee Volunteers football players


The Hell E.P. is a collaboration EP by English trip hop artist Tricky and American hip hop group Gravediggaz that was released in July 1995 on 4th & B'way Records.

The first two tracks, "Hell Is Round the Corner" and its remix, were performed solely by Tricky, the final two tracks, however, were performed by both Tricky and the Gravediggaz. Gravedigga member The Rzarector co-produced the two songs with Tricky. "Psychosis" only featured vocals from The Grym Reaper, while all three rapping members appeared on "Tonight is a Special Night". The group's producer The Undertaker did not participate in the recordings.
It was mixed in London by Ian Caple.

Due to its length, the E.P. was ineligible to make the UK Albums Chart, instead it reached the top 20 on the UK Singles charts entering in at number 12 and spending 3 weeks in the charts.

"Tonite is a Special Nite" would later appear on the soundtrack of The Crow: City of Angels in 1996.

Track listing
"Hell Is Round the Corner" – 3:45
"Hell Is Round the Corner" (The Hell & Water Mix) – 4:20
"Psychosis" – 6:35
"Tonight Is a Special Night" – 4:45

Charts

References

Gravediggaz albums
Tricky (musician) albums
1995 EPs
4th & B'way Records EPs
1995 collaborative albums
Albums produced by RZA


Elizabeth Coleman is president of Bennington College.

Elizabeth Coleman may also refer to:

 Elizabeth A. Coleman, inspector general of the Federal Reserve Board
 Bessie Coleman (1892–1926), aviator
 One Life to Live miscellaneous characters#Liz Coleman Reynolds
Betty Coleman, The Walking Dead character


Roebuck Stadium is a 5,000-seat multi-use stadium in the southern area of Elizabeth City, North Carolina on the campus of Elizabeth City State University. The stadium is known mostly as the home of the school's football team though it is also used by the track & field team and occasionally by local soccer teams.

Athletics (track and field) venues in North Carolina
Elizabeth City State University
Elizabeth City State Vikings football
Sports venues in Pasquotank County, North Carolina
College football venues
Soccer venues in North Carolina
American football venues in North Carolina
1983 establishments in North Carolina
Sports venues completed in 1983


Overdog is the fourth album by the Keef Hartley Band.

Track listing

1971 LP
Deram SDL 2 (UK), DES 18057 (US)

 "You Can Choose" – 5:28
 "Plain Talkin" – 3:23
 "Theme Song / Enroute / Theme Song Reprise" – 8:05
 "Overdog" – 4:20
 "Roundabout" – 6:06
 "Imitations From Home" – 3:34
 "We Are All The Same" – 4:41

Tracks 2, 3, 4, 7 recorded at Trident Studios in January 1971
Tracks 1, 5 recorded at Morgan Studios in October 1970
Track 6 recorded at A.I.R. in November 1970

All songs written by Miller Anderson, except:
 "Enroute", written by Keef Hartley and Gary Thain
"Imitations From Home", written by Keef Hartley

2005 CD reissue
Eclectic Discs ECLDCD 1026
Same track listing as the 1971 LP with Bonus Tracks

Roundabout (Part 1) Single – 2:57
Roundabout (Part 2) SIngle – 4:18

Personnel

Keef Hartley Band
 Keef Hartley – drums, percussion
 Miller Anderson – vocals, guitar
 Gary Thain – bass guitar
 Mick Weaver – keyboards
 Dave Caswell – trumpet, flugelhorn
 Lyle Jenkins – tenor saxophone, flute

Additional musicians
 Johnny Almond – flute (track 3)
 Jon Hiseman – drums, percussion (track 3)
 Peter Dines – keyboards (track 5)
 Ingrid Thomas, Joan Knighton, Valerie Charrington – backing vocals

Technical
 Neil Slaven, Keef Hartley – producers
 Robin Black – engineer, Morgan Studios
 John Punter – engineer, A.I.R.
 Roy Thomas Baker – engineer, Trident Studios
 Keef Hartley, Peter Dunn – design
 Richard Sacks – photography

References

1971 albums
Keef Hartley Band albums
Deram Records albums
Albums recorded at Trident Studios
Albums recorded at Morgan Sound Studios


William Howard Love (born August 14, 1957, in Dallas, Texas) is an American prelate. Love was the ninth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany, and he served in that role from 2007 until January 31, 2021. Beginning in April 2021, Love has served as Assistant Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of the Living Word.

Love is known for his support for a traditional definition of marriage and for his opposition to the blessing of same-sex unions; this stance led to his departure from the Episcopal Church. In October 2020, Love was found to have violated Episcopal Church doctrine and rules due to his unwillingness to permit same-sex unions to be blessed by clergy within the Albany diocese. In response to that finding, Love resigned from his position as bishop effective February 1, 2021. Love later requested that he be released from ordained ministry in the Episcopal Church; that request was granted by Presiding Bishop Michael Curry. In April 2021, Love was appointed Assistant Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of the Living Word, a diocese within the Anglican Church in North America.

Education, family, and early career
According to the Episcopal Diocese of Albany, Love is a Texas native; he earned a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from Southwest Texas State in 1980, a Master of Science degree in education from the State University of New York-Plattsburgh in 1988, and a master's degree in Divinity in 1991 from Nashotah House. Prior to becoming a priest, he served as an intelligence officer in the Air Force. Love was ordained a deacon in 1991 and a priest in 1992. He served as rector of St. Mary's Church in Lake Luzerne, New York for 14 years. Love married retired Air Force Colonel Karen Love in 1983; the Loves have two children and several grandchildren.

Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany

Love was elected bishop coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany on March 25, 2006; he received the consent of the General Convention that summer in Columbus, Ohio. Love was consecrated as bishop coadjutor by Presiding Bishop Frank Griswold on September 16, 2006, at the Empire State Plaza in Albany. On February 4, 2007, Love was installed as the ninth bishop of Albany.

Love has consistently stood for an orthodox view of the Bible and for the stance of the Anglican Communion on matters of human sexuality. He asserts that "'the Bible is, in fact, the word of God. It’s not just some historic document that was written some 2,000-plus years ago, but [is] God’s revealed word.'" Regarding marriage, Love adheres to an orthodox interpretation of Scripture, affirming that sexual intimacy is reserved for marriage and that marriage is an opposite-sex union. Love takes the view that homosexually-oriented persons should remain celibate.

On January 19, 2008, Love celebrated the Eucharist at St. Andrew's Church in Albany while hosting a visit by Bonnie Anderson, president of the Episcopal Church's House of Deputies. A dialogue followed between progressives from Via Media and the more conservative representatives of the church, and "stressed unity and communication". Both liberals and conservatives in the diocese praised Love for attending the event.  The national church's web site posted a story about the event, quoting Bishop Love and several of the 300 attendees at the event.

In June 2008, under Love's leadership, the Episcopal Diocese of Albany passed a resolution stating that only heterosexual marriages would be celebrated within the diocese. After the resolution was passed, Bishop Love was quoted as stating that "the important thing ... is that God loves all people, regardless of where they might be in their life.  That doesn't necessarily mean he approves of all of our behaviors."

Love gained national attention at the Episcopal Church's July 2009 convention in Anaheim, California. At that convention, the Church passed a resolution allowing the blessing of same-sex unions.  At a news conference organized by a conservative Anglican group, Love said, "It is breaking my heart to see the church destroy itself"; however, he vowed to remain within the Episcopal Church nonetheless. In October 2009, after the Vatican announced a canonical framework to integrate groups of disaffected Anglicans into the Roman Catholic Church, Love commented: "'What state we are in when we get through this, only God knows...'" He also acknowledged that two parishes in the Diocese of Albany were attempting to leave the Episcopal Church. As of 2012, Love had granted Delegated Ecclesiastical Parish Oversight (DEPO)--a status where certain parishes remain a part of a diocese, but receive certain pastoral functions from a bishop outside that diocese—to three parishes: St. Luke's, Saranac Lake; St. George's, Schenectady; and St. John's, Essex.

Dissent, discipline, and departure
In 2015, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church "sanctioned gay marriage across the American church but [allowed] the bishops of eight dioceses [including Albany] to opt out." In July 2018, the General Convention of the Episcopal Church passed a resolution allowing same-sex weddings to be performed in the eight dissenting dioceses. Love strongly opposed the resolution. In November 2018, he issued a pastoral directive banning same-sex weddings from being held by clergy in the Episcopal Diocese of Albany; in an accompanying letter, Love wrote: "Recent statistics show that The Episcopal Church is spiraling downward... I can’t help but believe that God has removed His blessing from this Church. Unless something changes, The Episcopal Church is going to die."

In response to Love's pastoral directive, Presiding Bishop Michael Curry placed Love on a partial ministry restriction. A June 12, 2020 disciplinary hearing was held to determine whether Love had violated church law by refusing to allow same-sex weddings to be conducted by Episcopal clergy in the Diocese of Albany. On October 2, 2020, a disciplinary panel ruled that Love had violated Episcopal doctrine and rules. On October 24, 2020, Love announced his resignation as bishop pursuant to a disciplinary agreement with church authorities. His resignation became effective on February 1, 2021.

On March 29, 2021, Love was—at his own request—released and removed from the ordained ministry by Presiding Bishop Michael Curry. On March 30, 2021, Love announced that he would be leaving ministry in the Episcopal church to join the Anglican Church in North America. (Earlier the same year, Love's predecessor as Bishop of Albany, Daniel W. Herzog, also announced that he was leaving Episcopal ministry.) Four priests and four deacons left the Diocese of Albany in protest following Love's departure.

Assistant Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of the Living Word
The Anglican Diocese of the Living Word, a diocese within the ACNA, announced the appointment of Love as assisting bishop on April 3, 2021.

See also

 List of Episcopal bishops of the United States
 Historical list of the Episcopal bishops of the United States
 List of Bishop Succession in the Episcopal Church

References

1957 births
Living people
Anglo-Catholic bishops
Religious leaders from Albany, New York
Nashotah House alumni
Texas State University alumni
State University of New York at Plattsburgh alumni
American Anglo-Catholics
Bishops of the Anglican Church in North America
Episcopal bishops of Albany
21st-century American bishops
Anglican realignment people


Joseph Talamo (born January 12, 1990 in Marrero, Louisiana) is a Champion jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing.

Born and raised in Marrero on the West Bank of the Mississippi River, within the Greater New Orleans Metropolitan area, Joe Talamo was influenced by a father who worked in horse racing as an assistant trainer. At age eleven, he began riding horses and worked as a stable boy. Like many successful Cajun jockeys before him, Talamo first raced at a bush track. His skills and desire was such that he decided to leave high school in order to pursue a professional riding career. He debuted at Louisiana Downs in June 2006 and went on to become the first apprentice jockey to win a riding title at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans.

In April 2007, during his breakout year fresh off his riding title at the Fair Grounds, Talamo moved to live in Playa del Rey, California from where he competes primarily at race tracks in the southern part of the state. He was the second leading jockey in wins during the Hollywood Park Racetrack 2007 Spring/Summer meet. For 2007, he notably earned five Grade I Graded stakes race wins and was voted the Eclipse Award as the 2007 United States Champion Apprentice Jockey.

Joe Talamo has been the regular jockey on I Want Revenge who was the favorite to win the 2009 Kentucky Derby but the horse was scratched on the day of the race. He had said that if he wins the Derby, he is going to donate twenty-five percent of what he earns to the Children's Hospital of New Orleans that cares for all children, regardless of a family's ability to pay.

Talamo was one of the jockeys featured Animal Planet's 2009 reality documentary, Jockeys.

He was invited by the Hong Kong Jockey Club to participate in the Cathay Pacific International Jockey Championship in December 2009.

He jockeyed atop Sidney's Candy in the 2010 Kentucky Derby. The horse finished in 17th place and out of the money.

He jockeyed atop Attachment Rate in the 2020 Kentucky Derby.

Year-end charts in the United States

References

 Joe Talamo at the NTRA
 NTRA article and video on Joe Talamo's winning a 2007 Eclipse Award
 Animal Planet Page on Jockeys
  Talamo Hits 2,000-Win Milestone Aboard ... - Horse Racing News

1990 births
Living people
American jockeys
Cajun jockeys
Eclipse Award winners
People from Terrytown, Louisiana
People from Marrero, Louisiana
Sportspeople from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana


The room-temperature form of quartz, α-quartz, undergoes a reversible change in crystal structure at 573 °C to form β-quartz. This phenomenon is called an inversion, and for the α to β quartz inversion is accompanied by a linear expansion of 0.45%. This inversion can lead to cracking of ceramic ware if cooling occurs too quickly through the inversion temperature. This is called dunting, and the resultant faults as dunts. To avoid such thermal shock faults, cooling rates not exceeding 50 °C/hour have been recommended.

At 870 °C quartz ceases to be stable but, in the absence of fluxes, does not alter until a much higher temperature is reached, when, depending on the temperature and nature of the fluxes present, it is converted into the polymorphs of cristobalite and / or tridymite.  These polymorphs also experience temperature-induced inversions. The inversion of cristobalite at 220 °C can be advantageous to achieve the cristobalite squeeze. This puts the glazes into compression and so helps prevent crazing.

The size of the silica particles influences inversions, conversions and other properties of the ceramic body.  The presence of other ceramic raw materials can influence the thermal behaviour of quartz, including:
 Talc promotes the conversion of quartz to cristobalite, and if sufficient alumina is available the formation of cordierite.
 Nepheline syenite increases the dissolution of silica.
 Petalite promotes the formation of cristobalite.
 Alumina can react with silica to form mullite.

See also
Veining (metallurgy), sand casting defect associated with the alpha to beta silica phase change

References

Ceramic materials


Here are the match results of the 2008 Rugby union season.
Qualifiers for the 2011 Rugby World Cup began in the Caribbean, meanwhile the Six Nations Championship and the Tri Nations are set for another season.

International tournaments

Worldwide
Nations Cup — Winner:  Emerging Springboks
2008 IRB Junior World Championship — Winner:
2008 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy — Winner:
2007-08 IRB Sevens World Series — Winner:

Africa

2008 Africa Cup/2011 Rugby World Cup - Africa qualification — Winner: -
2008 Castel Beer Trophy - Southern Development — Winner: .
2008 Castel Beer Trophy - Southern Pool — Winner:
2008 Castel Beer Trophy - Northern Pool — Winner:

Asia
2008 Asian Five Nations Cup — Winner:
2008 Asian Five Nations - Division One — Winner:
2008 Asian Five Nations - Division Two — Winner:
2008 Asian Five Nations - South-East Asia —
2008 Asian Five Nations - Pacific-Asia —
2008 Asian Five Nations - Central Asia —
2008 Asian Five Nations - Other Regions
2011 Rugby World Cup - Asia qualification

Europe
2008 Six Nations Championship — Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup First Division — Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 2A — Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 2B — Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 3A — Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 3B —  Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 3C —  Winner:
2007-2008 European Nations Cup Division 3D —  Winner:
2011 Rugby World Cup - Europe qualification

North America

 2008 Churchill Cup — Winner:  England Saxons
2011 Rugby World Cup - Americas qualification

Oceania
2008 Tri Nations Series — Winner:
2008 Pacific Nations Cup — Winner:

South America
2007-2008 South American Rugby Championship "A"
2008 South American Rugby Championship "B"
2011 Rugby World Cup - Americas qualification

Major domestic tournaments

Africa
2008 Super 14 — Crusaders
2008 Currie Cup —

Asia
2007-08 Top League — Suntory Sungoliath

Europe
2007-08 Guinness Premiership — London Wasps
2007-08 National Division One — Northampton Saints
2007-08 Top 14 — Toulouse
2007-08 Rugby Pro D2 — Toulon win the championship and automatic promotion, and Mont-de-Marsan win the promotion playoff.
2007–08 Celtic League — Leinster
Super 10 — Calvisano
2007-08 Heineken Cup — Munster

North America
2008 North America 4

Oceania
2008 Air New Zealand Cup — Canterbury
2008 Super 14 — Crusaders
2008 Pacific Rugby Cup

South America
2008 Nacional de Clubes

International results

 Complete list of fixtures involving national teams during 2008.
 • - International Friendly (a fixture not affiliated to any international tournament.)
 ♦ - World Cup Qualifying matches.

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Other Test Match results

All months

References

See also
2008 in sports
Rugby union in 2009

Years of the 21st century in rugby union


PSR B0329+54 is a pulsar approximately 3,460 light-years away in the constellation of Camelopardalis. It completes one rotation every 0.71452 seconds and is approximately 5 million years old.

The emissions of this pulsar and the Vela Pulsar were converted into audible sound by the French composer Gérard Grisey, and used as such in the piece Le noir de l'étoile (1989–90).

Planetary system

In 1979, two exoplanets were announced to be orbiting the pulsar (being classified as pulsar planets). Later observations did not support this conclusion. More recently, a 2017 analysis indicates that a different long-period pulsar planet remains a possibility, and this is treated as a confirmed planet by exoplanet databases.

See also
 PSR B1257+12
 PSR J1719-1438

References

Pulsars
Camelopardalis
Hypothetical planetary systems
J03325936+5434448