Great Bend Army Air Field is a closed United States Air Force base. It is located  west-southwest of Great Bend, Kansas, and was closed in 1946. Today it is used as Great Bend Municipal Airport.

Great Bend Army Air Field (AAF) is significantly historic as it was in the first group United States Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortress bases for initial training on the aircraft in the summer of 1943. Along with Walker Army Air Field near Victoria, Pratt Army Air Field near Pratt and Smoky Hill Army Air Field near Salina the initial cadre of the 58th Bombardment Wing was formed. The 58th Bomb Wing was the first B-29 combat wing of World War II and engaged in the first long-range strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands beginning in March 1944 from bases in India.

History
The first public announcement of intentions to build an airfield at Great Bend, Kansas on the Arkansas River in Barton county, came in the form of a telegram from Sen. Arthur Capper of Kansas to the secretary of the Great Bend Chamber of Commerce on 30 September 1942. But, of course, by then all the preliminary work had been done. In July of that year the site at Great Bend had been chosen. Nor was all the initiative left to the Army. A committee of leading citizens from Great Bend and Hoisington had made the original proposal. Originally, plans called for the Civil Aeronautics Administration to supply the funds, and, with war's end, Barton county and Great Bend would acquire ownership. However, this tentative arrangement was subsequently changed so that the field was built under the auspices of the Air Force.

Originally intended to serve merely as a satellite base of Smoky Hill Army Air Field at Salina, Kansas, the physical plant at Great Bend was initially decidedly limited in its functional utility and in size. Most of the construction work was done by Patti-McDonald Construction Company of Kansas City, but the concrete work on runways and taxiways was undertaken by the W.L. Johnson Construction company. Essentials were completed first. Three 8'000-foot concrete runways were constructed to accommodate B-29s, each 150 feet wide. Most of the buildings were Theater of Operations construction while some were of the Mobilization type. The Mobilization type buildings included the station hospital, theater, chapel, and Link training buildings. There were three hangars with a parking apron a mile long and 450 feet wide were constructed. Where before there had been only open farm land, this new city now contained over 200 buildings, a water storage and distribution system, sewage system and treatment plant, electric transmission lines. These were followed in time by facilities for recreation and services. During the summer and fall of 1943 a service club, theater, and bowling alley were completed.

B-29 Superfortress training
Capt. Theodore C. Reid, post engineer, was the first officer to report for duty on the base. He arrived on 18 January 1943. The first enlisted men to arrive, detachments of the 501st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, the 1159th Guard Squadron, and the 902d Quartermaster Company, were necessarily housed in Great Bend for a time, there being no facilities on the base. On 13 February 1943 the 501st was transferred to Great Bend to become the headquarters squadron on the new field. Capping the inchoate organizational structure, Lt. Col. Glenn M. Pike assumed command of the field on 26 February. The first recorded Morning Report, dated 5 March 1943, lists 13 officers and 182 enlisted men. From these modest beginnings, which was, of course a skeleton force even for the limited role the field was originally designed to play, Great Bend was to grow impressively, both as a mission and physical plant. By 31 January 1945 a total of 6,409 personnel would be stationed there.

In keeping with its scheduled function of processing heavy bombardment groups, Great Bend Army Air Field was assigned to the 21st Bombardment Wing on 16 January 1943. It was the function of the 21st to operate processing bases, but, besides processing it did some training also. As early as March 1943 it was known that the Great Bend AAF was to be charged with the responsibility of training personnel for the new B-29 very heavy bomber. on 1 July 1943 Second Air Force transferred the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit to Great Bend to facilitate the training program. To bring its nomenclature more into harmony with its function, the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit was redesignated the 73d Bombardment Operational Training Wing on 17 August. But the new organization endured for scarcely four months before it was disbanded on 22 October, subsequent to the reassignment of the 58th Bombardment Operational Training Wing to Second Air Force. Both the personnel and the several bases of the 73d, among which figured Great Bend Army Air Field, were transferred to the 58th.

To accommodative the B-29, physical expansion of necessity became the order of the day. Original plans were altered, providing for considerable additions to the runway and taxiway systems. Additional troop housing was built, and new hangars we constructed especially designed to accommodate the B-29.

Great Bend received the 444th Bombardment Group (VH) and by April 1944, its training completed, the 444th departed for overseas service. During the remainder of its career, Great Bend was destined to train three more very heavy bombardment groups, the 498th, the 19th, and 333d, and in addition, it retrained the ground echelon of the 489th back from Europe for redeployment to the Pacific. The extreme development issues of B-29 aircraft, however, hampered the training efforts for some time. Consequently, for several months the group in training at Great Bend perforce used second-line B-17Es and B-17Fs and B-26C's for the most part, with a sprinkling of B-29's when they became available.

On 25 March 1944 the units permanently assigned to Great Bend AAF were reorganized in the 243d AAF Base Unit (OTU) (VH). Thereafter, Great Bend was organized under the standard plan for OTU (Operational Training Unit) bases. However, since the new directorate was not prepared immediately to take up its burden, the group in training at that time, the 498th, continued to train itself as the 444th had done before it. Consequently, it was only with the 19th Bombardment Group (VH), which began training in September 1944, that the 243d AAFBU took over the training responsibilities.

Beginning with the winter of 1945, part of the flying training was conducted at Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico. The primary purpose of this program, termed the "Gypsy Task Force," was to take advantage of the good flying weather in Puerto Rico during the winter months, enabling the crews to complete their training much quicker than would otherwise have been the case. With this phase of training over, the crews would return to Great Bend AAF to prepare for departure to a staging area. The program was discontinued in April 1945, after only one season.

With the arrival of the ground echelon of the 489th Bombardment Group in February 1945 from the European theater, Great Bend became one of the first redeployment installations in the country. At that time the 333d Bombardment Group (VH) was receiving its regular training, but the ground echelon of the 489th was trained on B-29 maintenance alongside the men of the 333d. After a relatively short transition course in the B-29 (they were already experienced maintenance men) the 489th left in March to join the air echelon of the group, which had received transition training at several different bases.

Closure
Victory over Japan had a direct effect on the mission and activity of the base. The 333d Bombardment Group (VH), having completed its training, left Great Bend during July and August 1945. No other groups were assigned for a full schedule of training, but the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Service Group used Great Bend as an assembly point. Indeed, in this period the primary mission of the base became that of discharging qualified men—or rather of transferring them to separation centers.

Great Bend became a temporary home for Boeing B-29 Superfortresses being produced by Boeing Wichita until the production line shut down in October. One of the aircraft stored at Great Bend was Kee Bird 45-2176, and other Superfotresses used by Strategic Air Command into the 1950s for various missions.

On 25 October 1945 the base was officially informed by Second Air Force that the installation would be put on a standby basis on 31 December 1945. Following this announcement, activities on the base (except that of shipping men to separation centers) slowed up considerably.

During December the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Air Service Group were transferred to Salina Army Air Field. Second Air Force had placed Great Bend AAF in the category of those fields whose retention was desirable for standby, with a possibility of being reopened on 30 days' notice. Consequently, one of the principal activities of December consisted of inactivating buildings.

As late as March 1946 Great Bend was still in the category of temporarily inactive or standby under the Second Air Force. However, the field was never subsequently activated. For a short time, during 1950 (and possibly 1949), the field was host to an Air Force reserve unit.

Sources are lacking by which to trace the subsequent steps leading to complete inactivation and transfer to the Army's District Engineer, Seventh Service Command at Omaha, Nebraska who assumed jurisdiction over the field, pending disposition by March 1951.

Excess buildings and demilitarized equipment were sold or transferred to other bases. Some were torn down and sales were held for scrap lumber of torn down buildings, fence posts, barbed wire and other items which no longer had a useful need.

Current status

The General Services Administration eventually turned the air base over to local government officials. Since then the installation has been operated by the city of Great Bend as its municipal airport.

The World War II airfield remains largely intact, two of the runways still in use by the civil airport. The large parking apron remains, along with several wartime hangars. A few wartime buildings appear to be in use to the east of Airport Road (SW 40th Avenue) which crosses thought the former station area. Outlines of other structures removed from the site are visible in aerial photography in otherwise grassy areas. Many streets remain along with the outline of the base parade ground and headquarters.

The former wartime airfield can be reached travelling southwest on U.S. Route 56 from Great Bend.  The Northern Runway is used as a National Hot Rod Association drag strip, which was the original host of the U.S. Nationals event.

World War II units assigned
 19th Bombardment (Very Heavy) 1 August – 7 December 1944
 44th Bombardment (Heavy) 25 July 1945
 333rd Bombardment (Very Heavy) 13 January – 18 June 1945
 444th Bombardment (Very Heavy) 29 July 1943 – 12 March 1944
 489th Bombardment (Heavy) c. 18 February 1945
 498th Bombardment (Very Heavy) 13 April – 13 July 1944

See also

 Kansas World War II Army Airfields
 B-29 Superfortress Development
 Pratt Army Air Field
 Smoky Hill Army Air Field
 Walker Army Air Field

References

 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites History's Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004.

1942 establishments in Kansas
1946 disestablishments in Kansas
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Barton County, Kansas


WJQZ (103.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits and oldies format.  Licensed to Wellsville, New York, United States, the station serves the Olean area.  The station is currently owned by DBM Communications, Inc. and features a locally programmed playlist spanning from the 1960s through the 1980s.

History
WJQZ went on the air on February 3, 1986, at a frequency of 93.5 FM. It was Allegany County's first commercial FM radio station. The station first broadcast with an operating power of 3,000 watts with its transmitter located on Madison Hill Road in Wellsville and its studios on Railroad Avenue in Wellsville. The radio station originally presented an adult contemporary music format.  The radio station was acquired on October 31, 1990, by Erin Communications, Inc. which eventually changed frequency from 93.5 to 103.5 and doubled its power. WJQZ was affiliated with ABC's Oldies Radio, and its successor network Classic Hits Radio, until that network was dissolved in the early 2010s.

References

External links

JQZ
Classic hits radio stations in the United States
Oldies radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1986
1986 establishments in New York (state)
Allegany County, New York


The 1994 Los Angeles Open was a men's tennis tournament held on outdoor hardcourts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States that was part of the World Series category of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the 68th edition of the tournament and was held from August 1, 1994 through August 8, 1995. Second-seeded Boris Becker won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Boris Becker defeated  Mark Woodforde 6–2, 6–2
 It was Becker's 2nd singles title of the year and the 40th of his career.

Doubles

 John Fitzgerald /  Mark Woodforde defeated  Scott Davis /  Brian MacPhie 4–6, 6–2, 6–0

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Los Angeles Open
Los Angeles Open (tennis)
Los Angeles Open
Los Angeles Open
Los Angeles Open


La cuisinière Cordon Bleu, also spelled as La cuisinière cordon-bleu, was a culinary magazine started in the late 1890s by French journalist Marthe Distel (1871—1934). The magazine offered recipes and tips on entertaining. To prompt readership, the magazine offered cooking classes to subscribers. The first one was held in the kitchens of the Palais Royal in January 1895. The classes evolved in a more formal cooking school, Le Cordon Bleu. The magazine closed in 1960s, but school continues to thrive, with more than 27 schools in 17 countries as of early 2008.

See also
 L'Art culinaire
 Le Pot-au-feu

References

External links
Cordon Bleu Home page

1895 establishments in France
1960 disestablishments in France
Defunct magazines published in France
French cuisine
French-language magazines
Food and drink magazines
Magazines established in 1895
Magazines disestablished in 1960


Lawrence Airport may refer to:

 Clearfield-Lawrence Airport in Clearfield, Pennsylvania, United States (FAA: FIG)
 Corry-Lawrence Airport in Corry, Pennsylvania, United States (FAA: 8G2)

See also
 Lawrence County Airport (disambiguation)
 Lawrence Municipal Airport (disambiguation)


WLSV (790 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format.  Licensed to Wellsville, New York, United States, the station serves the Olean area.  The station is currently owned by Dbm Communications, Inc. and features programming from ABC Radio's Real Country format.

790 AM is a regional broadcast frequency. The station operates on greatly reduced power at night, having previously been a daytime-only station. The station, Allegany County's oldest broadcast license, has operated since 1955.

References

External links

LSV
Country radio stations in the United States
Allegany County, New York


Hooked on You () is a 2007 Hong Kong comedy-drama film directed and edited by Law Wing-Cheong and produced by Johnnie To and his production company Milkyway Image. Featuring an ensemble cast, the film stars Miriam Yeung as a fishmonger who strives to fulfill her lifelong dreams before she turns 30.

Plot
Miu, a fishmonger at the Prosperity Market. Because of her father's debt she gives herself three years to work at the Wet market. She promises herself that she's going to leave the wet market and find a man worthy of her. At the market she always quarrels with her neighbor stall Mr. Fish (Eason Chan), but when a new supermarket threatens their business at the Prosperity Market they work together to fight against it.

Cast
 Miriam Yeung - Miu
 Eason Chan - Fishman
 Huang Bo - Porky
 Fung Shui-Fan - Miu's father
 Stephanie Cheng
 Wong You-Nam - Joe
 Jo Kuk - Salesgirl at accessory shop
 Charmaine Fong
 Lam Ka-Tung - Beautician
 Hui Shiu-Hung - Bro Hung
 Raymond Wong - Man at bowling parlour
 Carl Ng - Miu's date
 Wayne Lai - Porky (voice)

See also
 Johnnie To filmography

External links

 Hooked on You at MTime.com
 HK Cinemagic entry

2007 films
Films directed by Law Wing-cheung
2000s Cantonese-language films
Media Asia films
Milkyway Image films
2007 romantic comedy-drama films
Hong Kong romantic comedy-drama films
2007 comedy films
2007 drama films
2000s Hong Kong films


Liberal Army Airfield was a World War II Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber training base of the United States Army Air Forces' Second Air Force.  It is currently the city-owned Liberal Mid-America Regional Airport.

History
The first tangible move to implement the decision to locate an Army Air Corps four-engine pilot school on a site selected one mile west of Liberal in western Kansas, was the grant of a contract to Murray A. Wilson and Company, engineers, to make a complete survey and layout for an airfield. The new airfield was situated in Sections 1, 6, 25, 30, 31, and 36, Townships 34 and 35 South, and Ranges 33 and 34 West, with a dimension of two miles north and south and two miles east and west. The field formed part of a flat, low plateau.

By 16 January 1943 the survey had been completed. But even before the survey had been officially finished, contracts were let on 9 January, with Peter Kiewit Sons named as prime contractor. The entire field, some 1,946.7 acres, was purchased by the government. In addition, 3.3 acres on the north extremity of the north-south runway were leased to provide zone clearance space. Just nine days later construction began on the site.

Facilities on Liberal Army Airfield were to cost approximately $8,000,000. Initially three concrete runways were built, each 7,000 feet in length and 150 feet wide, with a gross load capacity of 37,000 pounds. Portable B-2 type runway lights were installed. In addition, a concrete parking apron of some 276,318 square yards was constructed, along with three concrete taxiways 100 feet in width. In 1943, a second set of three runways, identical and parallel to the first three were built. An enclosing loop taxiway was also constructed. This doubled the capacity of the airfield for landings and takeoffs.

Training facilities included three school buildings and four buildings housing Link Trainers. Five hangars were built, two of steel and three of wood. Three large warehouses and storage facilities for 591,000 gallons of gasoline were built. Construction coming under the general category of recreation and welfare included a gymnasium, officers' club, service club, theater, chapel, and three post exchanges. A spur line of the Rock Island Railroad was run onto the field from the main line. Housing facilities for 4,934 officers and men and a hospital with a normal bed capacity of 142 were constructed. All buildings were of mobilization type construction.

In addition to the main installation, Gage Auxiliary Field,  a former municipal airport, was acquired by lease. This field, some 81 miles from Liberal Army Air Field, comprised 780 acres providing two hard surfaced runways, each of which was 5,500 feet in length and 150 feet wide.

B-24 Liberator Basic Training School
In April 1943, before completion of construction, the initial group of officers and men of the original cadre reported. Liberal AAF was officially opened on 13 May 1943. It placed was under the jurisdiction of the Army Air Forces Pilot School (Specialized 4-Engines), II Bomber Command, Second Air Force. The mission of the base was to train Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber pilots, who were predominantly newly commissioned officers graduated from Training Command advanced twin-engine flying schools.

Additional personnel arrived during subsequent weeks. In the midst of construction, personnel acquisition moved into an intensified phase during April and May, so that the base was actively manned by the time the first B-24s to be used in training set down on the brand new runways on 20 June. That scheduling was extremely close during those hectic days can be seen in that only ten days later, on 1 July, the members of the first class were introduced to the Liberators. This is the official date of the inauguration of training at Liberal, barely six months after construction began. Initially and for a considerable time the commanding officer of the field was in charge of the several squadrons and detachments which performed the various functions requisite to the functioning of the school.

The training cycle was nine weeks in length. Halfway through the cycle of the first class, another class began the course, so that, afterward, a class graduated every four and a half weeks. By 8 December 1943 Col. R. C. Rockwood, operations and training officer, was able to tell a group of civilian employees that "we are now training approximately one-fourth of the Liberator bomber commanders trained in the continental United States". The pace of training is well illustrated in that it was not until 7 October 1943 that time was found for a formal dedication.

George McGovern, later a senator and candidate for President of the United States, trained as a B-24 pilot at Liberal.

On 1 May 1944 all the separate units on the field were disbanded except for the 744th AAF Band, the Airways Communications Squadron, and the Base Weather Section. In place of the disbanded organizations the several sections of the 2525th Base Unit were created, distinguished by the nature of the service performed:

Unit Headquarters.
 Section "A" administration and services.
 Section "B" training and operations.
 Section "C" supply and maintenance.
 Section "E" medical.
 Section "F" Black personnel.
 Section "H" officer students.

In February 1945 these sections were redesignated squadrons, which remained in existence until inactivation of the field. After victory in Europe the training program of Liberal Army Airfield became somewhat erratic because of the frequent changes of policy in the Training Command. However, with the surrender of the Japanese in August, the mission of the school was definitely over.

Inactivation
On 7 September 1945 the commanding officer received official orders for inactivation of the field on or before 30 September. B-24 Liberators were obsolete as the postwar Air Force would retain the Boeing B-29 Superfortress as its long-range strategic bomber. Liberal field was placed at that time on a standby status, which meant maintaining it in such condition as would make possible reactivation within thirty days. Consequently, the field's activities for the greater part of September were largely concerned with the process of inactivation. On 19 September the officer students were slated to complete training at Hondo Army Air Field where the 2523d Army Air Forces Base Unit would complete the four-engine training on B-24s transferred from Liberal.

All remaining personnel, except officers and enlisted men scheduled to form the standby cadre, were put on movement orders on 29 September. Although the majority of departments were still functioning on 1 October, they were prepared to close down within a few days.  Four days later, Liberal Army Airfield was turned over to the Army's District Engineer, Seventh Service Command at Omaha, Nebraska who assumed jurisdiction over the field, pending disposition. Excess buildings and demilitarized equipment were sold or transferred to other bases. Some were torn down and sales were held for scrap lumber of torn down buildings, fence posts, barbed wire and other surplus items.

During its 27 months of actual training, Liberal Army Air Field graduated 4,468 four-engine airplane commanders. In addition, 1,025 pilots were graduated from the pre-transition course conducted for a period in the middle of 1944.

Current status

Since the end of World War II, the installation has been operated by the city of Liberal as its municipal airport. One of the runways is maintained for use primarily by general aviation, although limited commercial airline service is offered. The large airfield remains intact, with a few sections of concrete removed to limit access. The large parking apron remains, part of it used by the Mid-America Air Museum. The base station has been totally redeveloped into a light industrial park, university campus and recreation fields. Many streets remain along with the outline of the base parade ground and headquarters.

See also

 Kansas World War II Army Airfields
 34th Flying Training Wing (World War II)

References

 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004.
 AFHRA History of Liberal Army Airfield, Kansas

External links

1943 establishments in Kansas
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Kansas
USAAF Central Flying Training Command
American Theater of World War II
1945 disestablishments in Kansas


WFRW may refer to:

 WFRW-LD, a low-power television station (channel 41) licensed to serve Enterprise, Alabama, United States
 WLXJ, a radio station (88.9 FM) licensed to serve Battle Ground, Indiana, United States, which held the call sign WFRW from 2014 to 2016
 WKEL (FM), a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to serve Webster, New York, United States


WZXV (99.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format. Licensed to Palmyra, New York, United States, the station serves the Rochester area and, through a network of translators, most of central and western New York (southwestern New York is instead served by a sister church). The station is currently owned by Calvary Chapel of the Finger Lakes, Inc.

The station operates as a noncommercial religious station; the main frequency and all of its translators are nonetheless in the commercial FM band, above 92 MHz.

Translators

External links

ZXV
Radio stations established in 1977


The Slovene Scouts and Guides in Carinthia ( ) is the Scout and Guide association of the Slovene-speaking minority in Carinthia. It is affiliated to the Carinthia division of the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria as a Scout group. The association is coeducational.

History
The first Scout group of the Slovene-speaking minority was founded in 1959 by the Catholic priest Janez Rovan SDB in Klagenfurt. It was registered as Klagenfurt 6 as a member of the Pfadfinder Österreichs Landeskorps Kärnten.

The home of the group was a boarding school. In 1970 the first Girl Guide patrol was established.

At the beginning of the 1980s there were 70 active members and a patrol in Bleiburg was founded. In 1984 the biggest camp of Slovene Scouts and Guides in Carinthia took place in Globasnitz. After the boarding school in Klagenfurt was disbanded, Bleiburg became the home of the Scouts and Guides.

The Slovene Scouts and Guides in Carinthia worked closely together with other Scout groups in Carinthia and with Slovene Scouts and Guides in Italy. After Scouting in Slovenia started again, there was also close cooperation.

In 1993, the Slovene Scouts and Guides in Carinthia left the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria.

In 2001, Slovene Scouts and Guides in Carinthia took part in the camp "Gelebte Nachbarschaft-Techuana 2001". This camp was organized by the Carinthia division of the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria, the Zveza tabornikov Slovenije, the Associazione Guide e Scouts Cattolici Italiani, the Corpo Nazionale Giovani Esploratori ed Esploratrici Italiani and the Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg. The Slovene Scouts of Trieste also took part in this camp, as well as other Scout groups from different Scout associations.

After this camp, Slovene Scouts and Guides renewed their ties to other Scout groups in Carinthia, and rejoined the Carinthia division of the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria in 2003.

Sources
Peter Kristof: Slowenische Pfadfinderinnen in Kärnten (in German) in PPÖ-Brief 1/2004, p. 24
Peter Kristof: Slovenski koroski skavti in skavtinje (in Slovene) in PPÖ-Brief 1/2004,p. 24
Hans Hopfgartner: Gelebte Nachbarschaft-Techuana 2001 (in German), special issue Gelebte Nachbarschaft-Techuana 2001, p. 4 in PPÖ-Brief 4/2001

Youth organizations established in 1959
Scouting and Guiding in Austria


Edward Richard Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (7 July 1692 – 3 October 1722) was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1713 to 1722.

Hinchingbrooke was the eldest son of Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Earl of Rochester. His mother kept his father, who was generally believed to be insane, much confined, leaving Hinchingbrooke to carry out the public business of his family.

On 12 April 1707, at the age of 14, Hinchingbrooke married Elizabeth Popham (died 20 March 1761), the daughter of Alexander Popham of Littlecote, Wiltshire (a grandson of Colonel Alexander Popham). After a tour of the continent in 1708, he was given command of a troop in Sir Richard Temple's Regiment of Horse for the 1709 campaign in Flanders. During this time, Hinchingbrooke was one of the infamous Mohocks, and was arrested for assaulting a watchman in 1712.

In 1713, Hinchingbrooke was elected as Member of Parliament for Huntingdon, for which he served until 1722. He was commissioned captain of the grenadier company of the 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards on 11 June 1715, and appointed an aide-de-camp to the King on 22 December.

Hinchingbrooke became colonel of the 37th Regiment of Foot in 1717. In March 1722, he was named Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire and in April was returned as MP for Huntingdonshire. However, he died in October 1722, predeceasing his father. He left five children:
 Hon. Mary Montagu
 Hon. Elizabeth Montagu, married first in September 1737 Kelland Courtenay, married second William 'Gentleman' Smith
 Hon. Edward Montagu
 John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792)
 Capt. Hon. William Montagu (c. 1720–1757)
His widow later married Francis Seymour.

References

1692 births
1722 deaths
Edward Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke
37th Regiment of Foot officers
British courtesy viscounts
Heirs apparent who never acceded
Lord-Lieutenants of Huntingdonshire
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1713–1715
British MPs 1715–1722
Place of birth missing
Coldstream Guards officers


John A. Creighton Boulevard, is a boulevard-type north–south roadway in north Omaha, Nebraska. Running through the Adams Park neighborhood, the boulevard runs from Hamilton Avenue to Bedford Street. It originally ran from Lincoln Boulevard to Paxton Boulevard, ending in the Orchard Hill neighborhood.

In 1912 the City of Omaha spent almost $4,000 on expenses related to the finishing of this roadway, named in honor of Omaha philanthropist John A. Creighton. In recent years it has recently been the target of historic road preservationists intent on keeping the H.W.S. Cleveland-inspired design intact. Plans for the boulevard include upgrading the roadway, adding roundabouts and reconnecting the boulevard with its historic connecting streets.

See also
Boulevards in Omaha
History of Omaha

References

External links
"1900 photograph", "Nebraska Memories" website, State of Nebraska. Retrieved 9/15/07.

Streets in Omaha, Nebraska
1912 establishments in Nebraska


Utricularia schultesii is a small, terrestrial, perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. schultesii is endemic to South America, where it is only known from the type location in Colombia and additional collections in Venezuela. It was published and described by Alvaro Fernández-Pérez in 1964.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of South America
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Venezuela
schultesii


Newton Airport may refer to:

Newton Airport (New Jersey), in Newton, New Jersey, United States (FAA: 3N5)
Newton City/County Airport in Newton, Kansas, United States (FAA: EWK)
Newton Field, in Jackman, Maine, United States (FAA: 59B)
Newton Municipal Airport (Iowa), in Newton, Iowa, United States (FAA: TNU)
Newton Municipal Airport (Texas), in Newton, Texas, United States (FAA: 61R)

See also

 Newton Municipal Airport (disambiguation)


Richard (Hero) Murunga (22 April 1949 – 26 October 2018) was a boxer from Kenya.

Amateur career
He started boxing in 1968, at the age of 19, encouraged by his father, Ernest Illuk, who was a Kenyan army officer. Two years later he joined the Kenyan Army.

Murunga was a bronze medalist at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games, losing to silver medalist Janos Kajdi.

He deserted the army in 1973 as Kenya boxing authorities did not allow him to join professional ranks. Subsequently, he went to Uganda and competed at the East and Central Africa Amateur Boxing Association (Fescaaba) championship representing Uganda under pseudonym Feisal Musante. He was later arrested, when he returned to Kenya.

1972 Olympic record
Below are the results of Richard Murunga, a Kenyan welterweight boxer who competed at the 1972 Munich Olympics:

 Round of 64: bye
 Round of 32: defeated Alfons Stawski (Poland) by decision, 4-1
 Round of 16: defeated Vartex Parsanian (Iran) by a third-round TKO
 Quarterfinal: defeated Sergio Lozano (Mexico) by a first-round knockout
 Semifinal: lost to Janos Kajdi (Hungary) by decision, 1-4 (was awarded bronze medal)

Pro career
Known as "Tiger", Murunga turned pro after his amateur career in 1973. He was promoted by Mogens Palle. Murunga was the first Kenyan professional boxer.

He fought three fights in Europe, winning all three bouts and retiring late in 1974.

Personal life
Murunga had two wives, Mariam Wambui and Nawal Ahmed, and seven children. He converted to Islam when he married his second wife Nawal, and took a Muslim name, Khalifa. Formerly based in Denmark and Kuwait, as of 2003 he lived in Bombolulu in Mombasa. He died on 26 October 2018, aged 65.

References

External links

 databaseOlympics
sports-reference

1949 births
2018 deaths
Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Welterweight boxers
Olympic bronze medalists for Kenya
Olympic medalists in boxing
Kenyan male boxers
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
People from Busia County


The Hamilton College Chapel, on the campus of Hamilton College in Clinton, NY, was completed in 1827.

Architecture
The façade was designed by architect Philip Hooker, notable for his many designs of public buildings in Albany, NY, as well as for designing Hyde Hall in Springfield Center, NY.  The conservative Federal style of the chapel is characteristic of Hooker's work.  The distinctive three story main body and interior design are credited to John H. Lothrop, a Hamilton College trustee.  The design includes three bays on the eastern façade and eight bays of double hung windows along the north and south faces of the building.  The mellow orange of the stone body of the chapel is Oriskany stone, while the corner quoins are of Trenton limestone.  The Oriskany stone was quarried and laid by Reuben Wilcox of Whitestown, NY.  The interior carpentry was done by Deacon Isaac Williams, of Clinton, NY.  The tower of the eastern façade of the building is topped by a white, octagonal cupola.  The quill weathervane atop the cupola is representative of Hamilton College's commitment to teaching students to write effectively.

Uses
The chapel was originally designed as classrooms and offices, as well as the chapel proper.  Spaces in the building have been used for many purposes.  Until 1872 the college library was housed in increasing portions of the top floor the chapel. From 1830-1855 the chemistry lab was lodged in the cellar.  Commencement exercises were held in the chapel from 1898-1946.  Currently, as well as for religious services, the chapel is used for public lectures, concerts and assemblies.

Alterations
Many changes have been made to the building.   In 1877 the three faced clock still in evidence today was donated by John Wanamaker, of Philadelphia. In 1893, the steeple was restored.  The current bell was installed in 1902, and electrified in 1950.  Electricity was installed in the building in 1907, and fire fighting equipment in 1916.  In 1949, the interior was remodeled.  More recently, in 1999 the third floor office and meeting space was renovated. A tracker organ was installed.

References

External links
 "A Neat Plain Modern Stile: Philip Hooker and His Contemporaries: 1796-1836",  University of Massachusetts Press   (a history and art exhibition).  (Excerpt at Google Books version accessed January, 2008)

Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Oneida County, New York
University and college chapels in the United States
Clinton (village), New York


USS Carlinville was a United States Navy patrol boat. It was laid down on 19 June 1942 at the Defoe Shipbuilding Company in Bay City, Michigan; launched on 24 August 1942; and commissioned as USS PC-1120 on 18 January 1943.

During World War II, PC-1120 was assigned to the South Pacific area of the Asiatic-Pacific theater, she took part in the Bismarck Archipelago operations-Arawe, New Britain, from 15 December 1943 through 13 January 1944; Eastern New Guinea operations-Saidor occupation, from 2 through 4 June 1944; Western New Guinea operations-Biak Island operation, from 18 through 21 June 1944; Noemfoor Island operation, from 2 through 4 July 1944; Cape Sansapor operation, and the Morotai operations, starting on 15 September 1944.

Following these, she moved north to the Philippines where she took part in the Leyte landings from 15 through 25 October 1944; the consolidation of the Southern Philippines-Palawan Island landings, from 28 February through 3 March 1945; and the Borneo operations and Tarakan Island operations, from 27 April through 5 May 1945

She was decommissioned in January 1947 and placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet at the Columbia River. While still de-commissioned, she was named Carlinville on 15 February 1956. She was struck from the Navy Directory on 1 April 1959, and she was turned over to the Maritime Commission and eventually sold to an Alaskan fisherman. In 1975, the former subchaser was owned by the Diesel Electric Company of Seattle, Washington, and working as an inter-island personnel and cargo transport in the Hawaiian Islands as the M/V Island Transport.

In 1976 she was seized by the United States Marshals Service in a bankruptcy ruling and sold to Greenpeace for $70,000. With Greenpeace, she was renamed the M/V Ohana Kai (Hawaiian for "Children of the Sea"), and registered in Panama, and used to harass the Russian whaling fleet which was operating south of the Hawaiian Islands. She was later sold to a group that wanted to take it crab fishing, but this venture did not work out. One year, a December storm tore it from its moorings and it ended up on the mud flats off Emeryville.

She was then sold to Clause Von Wendel, who lived aboard her at Berkeley, California. After many years of court orders and lawsuits, the city of Berkeley and the owners of the marina had Von Wendel and his followers evicted. In April 1991, the ex-Carlinville was sold for scrap and towed to a scrap yard in Alameda.

References

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War II patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Bay City, Michigan
1942 ships


Manimou Camara (born July 1978, Matam, Conakry Region, Guinea) is a master drummer and dancer from Guinea. Manimou specializes in several percussive instruments, namely the dynamic hand drum called djembe, three bass drums called dunun, sangban, and kenkeni as well as the kringni. He is the founder of Dounia Djembe, a Seattle-based percussion and dance company. He is a member of the Kpelle people and Malinke ethnic groups.

Manimou Camara began studying the music and dance of his native Guinea, West Africa at the age of twelve. His primary education was spent with Sekou Dico Sylla (now a Vancouver, BC resident), Karamoko Daman (Karamo Dama) and nationally recognized Ballet Saamato. He has played lead dunun for Mohamed Kemoko Sano's world-renowned Ballet Merveille and conducted rhythm and dance camps for people from Europe, Japan, and the United States.

Manimou now resides in the Seattle metropolitan area where he works closely with acclaimed Ghanaian performance artist Awal Alhassan.

References

External links

 Ballet Saamato
 Soho Dounia

Living people
Guinean musicians
Guinean dancers
Master drummers
Guinean people of Kpelle descent
1978 births
Guinean emigrants to the United States
21st-century drummers


Alex Prud’homme (born 1961) is an American journalist and the author of several non-fiction books.

Early life and education
Prud'homme is a native of New York City, a 1984 graduate of Middlebury College, and attended the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference.

Writings
Prud'homme's journalism has appeared in many publications, including The New York Times, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, Talk, Time, and People.

Prud'homme collaborated with his great aunt Julia Child on the book My Life in France (Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), her memoir of discovering food and life in postwar Paris and Marseille. The book became a number one New York Times best-seller, and inspired half of the movie Julie & Julia, starring Meryl Streep as Julia Child. In 2007, the book won the Literary Food Writing award from the International Association of Culinary Professionals (IACP).

Prud'homme previously wrote, with co-author Michael Cherkasky, Forewarned (Random House, 2003), about terrorism. He followed that with The Cell Game (HarperCollins, 2004), about the ImClone scandal; The Ripple Effect: The Fate of Fresh Water in the Twenty-First Century (Scribner, 2011); and Hydrofracking: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2014).

Returning to Julia Child a decade after her memoir, Prud'homme wrote The French Chef in America: Julia Child's Second Act (Alfred A. Knopf, 2016). The paperback is now available (Anchor Books, 2017).

With photo curator Katie Pratt, he published France is a Feast: the Photographic Journey of Paul and Julia Child, a selection of Paul Child's photographs from 1948 to 1954 (Thames & Hudson, 2017).

In 2023, he published Dinner With The President: Food, Politics, and a History of Breaking Bread at the White House.

See also
Water crisis

References

External links

American male journalists
Living people
Middlebury College alumni
20th-century American journalists
American food writers
1961 births


"Stormy Blues" is a song written by Billie Holiday

Recording session
Session #71: Los Angeles, September 3, 1954 Verve records, Billie Holiday & Her Orchestra with Harry "Sweets" Edison (trumpet), Willie Smith (alto saxophone), Bobby Tucker (piano), Barney Kessel (guitar), Red Callender (bass), Chico Hamilton (drums), Billie Holiday (vocals)

References

External links
 Billie Holiday discography

1954 songs
Jazz songs
Songs written by Billie Holiday
1954 singles
Verve Records singles
Billie Holiday songs


Jiggers may refer to:
 Jiggers, an Iggy Arbuckle character
 Jiggers, alleyways in Liverpool, like chares in North-east England
 Tunga penetrans,  an aquatic-related parasite
 Jiggers, devices used by trainers in Thoroughbred racing in Australia to deliver electric shocks to horses

See also
 Jigger (disambiguation)


Utricularia tricolor is a medium to large sized perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. tricolor, a terrestrial species, is endemic to South America, where it is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. It has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 28.

See also
 List of Utricularia species

References

Carnivorous plants of South America
Flora of Argentina
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Paraguay
Flora of Uruguay
Flora of Venezuela
tricolor


The Pledge Protection Act is proposed legislation in the United States Congress that seeks to deprive all Federal courts, including the Supreme Court, of jurisdiction to hear constitutional challenges to the Pledge of Allegiance or its recitation. The bill was first introduced in response to a constitutional challenge to the Pledge by atheist Michael Newdow.

Newdow v. Elk Grove

On June 21, 2000, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California ruled the Pledge of Allegiance constitutional in the case of Newdow v. Elk Grove Unified School District. Michael Newdow, a prominent atheist who filed suit on behalf of his daughter, promised to appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

The first decision of the Ninth Circuit was handed down on June 26, 2002, declaring that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the Establishment Clause. The 'Pledge Protection Act' would be introduced into the House of Representatives for the first time on July 8, 2002, as part of the 107th Congress. Had the bill been successfully enacted into law, the decision of the Ninth Circuit would have stood, and the inclusion of "under God" in the Pledge remained unconstitutional. The law would have proscribed further appeal to the Supreme Court, but under the Ex post facto clause of the Constitution and the doctrine of the separation of powers, the law could not vacate or modify any decisions already handed down.

An attempt to challenge Newdow's standing to sue on his daughter's behalf failed in the Ninth Circuit and would be the question that would result in the entire lawsuit being vacated by the United States Supreme Court on June 14, 2004. The bill would be reintroduced again in May 2003, but no action on it would take place until September 2004, which was after the Supreme Court's ruling vacating the lawsuit.

Legislative history

The bill was first introduced into the 107th Congress. Each time it has been introduced, it has always been by Rep. Todd Akin. Despite twice seeing success in the House of Representatives, it has never passed the Senate to be signed into law.

107th Congress

The 'Pledge Protection Act of 2002' was introduced into the 107th Congress as H.R. 5064 on July 8, 2002, by Rep. Todd Akin. It was referred to the House Subcommittee on the Constitution where it died. The legislation would have added a restriction on the original jurisdiction of the United States district courts:

No court established by Act of Congress shall have jurisdiction to hear or determine any claim that the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance, as set forth in section 4 of title 4, violates the first article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

108th Congress

The 'Pledge Protection Act of 2003' was introduced into the 108th Congress as H.R. 2028 on May 8, 2003. The text of the legislation expanded upon that introduced in the 107th Congress to not only restrict the original jurisdiction of the district courts, but also strip appellate jurisdiction from the Supreme Court:

No court created by Act of Congress shall have any jurisdiction, and the Supreme Court shall have no appellate jurisdiction, to hear or decide any question pertaining to the interpretation of, or the validity under the Constitution of, the Pledge of Allegiance, as defined in section 4 of title 4, or its recitation.

The bill also called for this limitation to not apply to the Superior Court or Court of Appeals in the District of Columbia.

Originally referred to the House Judiciary Committee, it passed the committee and was referred to the floor on September 21, 2004, by a vote of 17 to 10. The bill passed the House of Representatives on September 23, 2004, by a vote of 247 to 173. The bill was passed on to the Senate on September 27, 2004, where no action on the bill would be taken.

109th Congress

Going on the progress made by the bill in the 109th Congress, Rep. Akin reintroduced the bill as the 'Pledge Protection Act of 2005' on May 17, 2005, as H.R. 2389. The text of the legislation was identical to that introduced in the 108th Congress with only minor formatting and organization changes.

The bill tied in committee by a 15 to 15 vote on June 28, 2006. In response Rep. Phil Gingrey introduced House Resolution 920 on July 18, 2006, to provide for the bill to be considered on the floor. The resolution was adopted the next day by a vote of 257 to 168. After floor debate, the bill passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 260 to 167 the same day.

In the Senate the bill was introduced by Sen. Jon Kyl as S. 1046 on May 17, 2005. It was referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee where no action was taken.

110th Congress

The 'Pledge Protection Act of 2007' was introduced into the 110th Congress as H.R. 699 on January 29, 2007. It was referred to the House Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, where no action was taken. The bill had the same text as that introduced in the 109th Congress.

After the 110th Congress

The bill has yet to be introduced again following the 110th Congress. Todd Akin did not seek re-election to the House in 2012, instead choosing to challenge Senator Claire McCaskill on her re-election bid, where he was unsuccessful. Jon Kyl retired at the end of his Senate term in 2012.

Criticisms

Marci Hamilton, writing on the legal site FindLaw, stated that the bill was an attempt to "deprive the federal courts of jurisdiction to check Congress's wayward ways -- in an arena where Congress was specifically believed by the Framers to be dangerous."

The American Civil Liberties Union wrote a letter to Congress dated June 6, 2006, stating:

An effort to deny the federal courts, particularly the U.S. Supreme Court, of jurisdiction over the very sort of claim they were established to hear–governmental conduct that violates a constitutional right–is an extreme attack on the role of federal courts in our system of checks and balances. It strikes at the very intent of the Founders.

Americans United for Separation of Church and State stated on their web site that the bill "undercuts the separation of powers between the different branches of government and limits the legal options of religious minorities."

Vikram Amar and Alan Brownstein, also writing for FindLaw, stated that under the bill "the time-honored principle that children may not be compelled to recite the Pledge, established over 50 years ago in West Virginia v. Barnette, would be unenforceable in federal court." They are pointing out that if a State were to pass a law requiring the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance, under the bill if it were passed into law, even challenging those laws in Federal courts would not be permissible. They further draw attention to the question of the constitutionality of the bill:

If a federal court thinks that it violates the Establishment Clause to include the words "one nation under god" in a publicly recited pledge, then that court would probably also think it violates the Establishment Clause for Congress to deprive federal courts of the power to hear cases precisely in order to permit the Pledge to be illegally recited.

Mark J. Pelavin, Associate Director of the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, objected to court stripping in regards to the Pledge of Allegiance:

Today's House adoption of the so-called 'Pledge Protection Act' is a shameful effort to strip our federal courts of their ability to uphold the rights of all Americans. By removing the jurisdiction of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, from cases involving the Pledge, this legislation sets a dangerous precedent: threatening religious liberty, compromising the vital system of checks and balances upon which our government was founded, and granting Congress the authority to strip the courts' jurisdiction on any issue it wishes. Today, the issue was the Pledge of Allegiance, but tomorrow it could be reproductive rights, civil rights, or any other fundamental concern.

See also
Jurisdiction stripping

References

Pledge of Allegiance


The SINAG (Tagalog for sun ray), based in De La Salle University in the Philippines, is the first Philippine solar-powered race car and the first entry of the Philippines to the World Solar Challenge.

The solar car was inaugurated on January 27, 2007, at NBC Tent, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig.

Design
The design and construction was undertaken by a group of faculty and students from the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department of De La Salle University. They also had the help and partnership of Ford Group Philippines, San Miguel Corporation, Motolite, Shell, SunPower, Philippine Airlines and Ventus.

The solar panels used by the Sinag solar–powered car was manufactured by SunPower. The body of the car was made of carbon fibers and with the Philippine colors.

The official weight of Sinag is .

2007 World Solar Challenge
The Philippine team finished 12th place from 40 participants. The team finished the  race from Darwin to Adelaide at 4 p.m. on October 27, 2007 (Australian time).

Sinag performed exceptionally well from the beginning of the race in Darwin on Sunday, October 21. Needing only minor adjustments to its brake system, Sinag quickly zoomed to 11th place. The team  maintained this position and made excellent time, passing the halfway mark at Alice Springs on Wednesday, October 24, and breaching the 2,000 km mark at Cadney Homestead the following day, October 25.

The SINAG solar car arrived at the finish line of the World Solar Challenge (WSC) with over a day to spare. SINAG arrived in Adelaide at around 4pm, well before the 5pm cut-off for the day. SINAG Technical Head Engr. Rene Fernandez proclaimed “The Philippine flag has reached Adelaide!”  as the car crossed the finish line, greeted by a small crowd of Filipino well-wishers carrying small flags of their own.

The all-Filipino Team SINAG was warmly welcomed by the Lord Mayor of Adelaide Michael Harbison and by Hans Tholstrup himself, the founder of the WSC and the first person to cross Australia in a solar car, The Quiet Achiever. Team SINAG also got to meet the members of the Nuon Solar Team from the Delft University of Technology, the multiple successive winners of the WSC.

The Netherlands' Nuon Solar Team, with their car called Nuna4 won the overall championship finishing the race on Oct. 25.

Recognition
In Senate Resolution No. 32, the all-Filipino team of Sinag was congratulated for their exemplary performance in the 2007 World Solar Challenge.

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo also cited and recognized in Malacañan Palace the team for a job well done.

Team
 Rene Fernandez - Overall Project Leader
 Robert Obiles - Overall Student Team Leader
 Ronafe de Castro - Sinag Team Secretary
Mechanical Team
 Anthony Escolar - Faculty Adviser
 Mico Villena - Student Team Leader
 Prince Asumbrado
 Maybelline Boon
 Neo Broncano
 GJ Campecino
 Owen Pangan
 Hanry Chan
 Johannes Chiong - The Handsome
 Klyde Chua
 Javy Locsin
 Rick Senales
 Sherwin Siahetiong
 Chike Siman
 Raffy Velasco
Electrical Team
 Jose Antonio Catalan - Faculty Adviser
 Emmanuel A. Gonzalez - Faculty Adviser
 Cesar Llorente - Faculty Adviser
 Leo Ambata - Faculty Adviser
 Jingel Tio - Faculty Adviser
 Noriel Mallari - Faculty Adviser
 Kaiser Fernandez - Student Team Leader
 Prince Ang
 Ryan Joseph Bitanga
 Jhoana Guillen E. Bregonia
 Walter Chua
 Harold King M. Dimay
 Lorenzo Miguel A. Javier
 Rainier N. Ong
 Fredric Lance C. Ong
 Frank J. Tua
 Erbert Anton P. Vergara
 Vincent Nonato Yao
Shell Team
 Martin Ernesto Kalaw - Faculty Adviser
 Martin Sy-Quia - Student Team Leader
 Margarita Antonio
 Alfred Cabiling
 Jon Louie Chiu
 Mark de Jesus
 Jade Lu
 John Ng
 Elvin Ngo
 Josue Reyes
 Bryan Sy
 Victor Yu
 Sherwin To
 Lavina Parwani
CAD Team
 Isidro Marfori - Faculty Adviser
 John Ng
 Prince Ang
Drivers
 Ivan Porcalla
 Eric Tan
 Sherwin To
 Robert Obiles
Marketing Team
 Dennis Beng Hui - DLSU IE Department
 Brian Gail Bautista - DLSU Marketing & Communication
 Gian Carlo Vizcarra - DLSU Marketing & Communication
 Cherry Ramirez - Ford Group Philippines
 Ernest Estrera - Motolie
 Jess Garcia - Philippine Airlines
 Jemmie Chua - San Miguel Corporation
 Mylene Santos - Pilipinas Shell
 Jong Jimenez - Sunpower
 Isabel Arches - Ventus
 Jovy Astillero - Creasia
 Mark Peckson - JWT
 Donna Conda - Stratworks, Inc.

Sinag Team to Australia
 Rene Fernandez - Team Captain
 Jack Catalan - Deputy Team Captain
 Emmanuel Gonzalez - Safety Officer
 Isidro Marfori - Head of Mechanical
 Noriel Mallari - Head of Electrical
 Eric Tan - Driver
 Ivan Porcalla - Driver
 Sherwin To - Driver
 Robert Obiles - Driver
 Prince Ang - Mechanical
 Mico Villena - Mechanical
 Martin Sy-Quia - Mechanical
 Vincent Yao - Electrical
 Kaiser Fernandez - Electrical
 Walter Chua - Electrical

References

External links
 Sinag:The First Philippine Solar-Powered Car
 De La Salle University - Manila

Solar car racing
Science and technology in the Philippines


Aculco de Espinoza or San Jerónimo Aculco (Acolco in Nahuatl and Ndamëje in Otomi) is a town and municipal seat of the Aculco Municipality, State of Mexico in Mexico.

The town is located on the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, trade were collectively added to the World Heritage List. In 2015, Aculco de Espinoza was declared a Pueblo Mágico by the Enrique Peña Nieto's government.

Etymology
The name Acolco comes from Nahuatl language. It has been interpreted to mean “place where twist the river arms,” The arm is atl (water) and coltic (bent), de lastname “Espinoza” was added to the name by the municipality government of in 1954 in honor of Ignacio Espinosa, a Mexican philanthropist born in this town.

Geography
Aculco de Espinoza lies in the north of the state of Mexico. The town of Aculco de Espinoza is the municipal seat and urban place most populated in the Aculco municipality. The town is divided in barrios (neighborhoods) and ejidos.

The River Ñadó is big river that crossing by Acolco de Espinoza and connect with natural rivers to its southeast is the state of Querétaro. This same cross the urban place, is using for irrigation growing lands.

The municipal seat is on a small hill named Bonxi, the most high point is Cerro El Ñadó (Ñado Mountain), a forest place on the west to Aculco de Espinoza.

Culture

San Jerome Parish and ex-convent is the monument most important at the town of Aculco de Espinoza, is a building with Baroque architecture.

Cultural events
February 2: Day of the Candelaria (Blessing of the Seeds)
February 13: Anniversary of the Town's Foundation.
March 3: Feast of the Holy Cross
September 30: Town Fair, Feast of Patron Saint Saint Gerome.
December 12: Procession of Our lady of Guadalupe

References

External links
Aculco de Espinoza Website

Aculco
Populated places in the State of Mexico
Municipality seats in the State of Mexico
World Heritage Sites in Mexico
Otomi settlements
Pueblos Mágicos


The 2008 Brasil Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 8th edition of the Brasil Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place in Costa do Sauípe resort, Mata de São João, Brazil, from 11 February through 17 February 2008.

The singles draw featured former World No. 1 and Chennai semifinalist Carlos Moyá, 2007 Cincinnati Masters quarterfinalist Nicolás Almagro, and 2007 Moscow and 2007 Metz quarterfinalist Igor Andreev. Also present were 2007 St. Petersburg quarterfinalist Potito Starace, 2007 Rome Masters semifinalist Filippo Volandri, Agustín Calleri, José Acasuso and Albert Montañés.

Champions

Singles

 Nicolás Almagro defeated  Carlos Moyá, 7–6(7–4), 3–6, 7–5
It was Nicolás Almagro's 1st title of the year, and his 3rd overall.

Doubles

 Marcelo Melo /  André Sá defeated  Albert Montañés /  Santiago Ventura, 4–6, 6–2, [10–7]

External links
Official website
Singles draw
Doubles draw
Qualifying Singles draw


The Abraham Lincoln was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1935 into the 1960s. The Abe Lincoln ran between Chicago and St. Louis on the B&O's subsidiary Alton Railroad. The train later passed to the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and then finally to Amtrak, which retained the name until 1978. Service between Chicago and St. Louis is now known by the umbrella term Lincoln Service. This train was the first streamlined passenger service to travel the 284 miles between Chicago and St. Louis, with Joliet, Bloomington-Normal, Springfield and Alton in between. Passengers can get a glimpse of the Mississippi River between Alton and St. Louis.

Pre-Amtrak

The original streamlined Abe Lincoln was one of two non-articulated, streamlined trains built with government assisted funding in 1935.  The locomotive, B&O No. 50, was powered by an 1800-hp box-cab diesel made by EMC.  After delivery, No. 50 was retrofitted with a quasi-streamlined, sloped front end. The Abraham Lincoln continued to operate following the Alton Railroad's merger with the GM&O in 1947, and one of the streamliner trainsets survived into the 1960s.

Amtrak

Following its takeover of most passenger rail service in the United States on May 1, 1971, Amtrak retained the Abraham Lincoln as a daily Chicago–St. Louis service, operating in tandem with the GM&O's old Limited. In November of that year Amtrak extended both the Abraham Lincoln and the Limited (now known as the Prairie State) through Chicago to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In October 1973, Amtrak replaced the rolling stock with the new French-built Turboliner; as part of this change the trains were re-branded as Turboliners and truncated to Chicago. In February 1976 Amtrak returned conventional rolling stock to the route and revived the Abraham Lincoln name along with the Ann Rutledge. Amtrak added the State House to the Chicago–St. Louis corridor in 1977. Also in 1977, Amtrak extended the Abraham Lincoln to Kansas City and renamed it the Ann Rutledge — a name that had briefly disappeared from the timetable in 1976–77 when Amtrak extended the Inter-American to Chicago. Today service between Chicago and St. Louis is handled by the Lincoln Service.

Equipment

American Car and Foundry (ACF) constructed two lightweight trainsets for the B&O, one for the Abraham Lincoln and one for the Royal Blue, which ran between New York City and Washington, D. C. Each trainset consisted of eight cars: a baggage/mail car, three coaches, a lunch counter/diner, two parlor cars, and a parlor-observation car.
The B&O rebuilt both baggage/mail cars in 1936: the Abraham Lincolns became a baggage/buffet car with seating for 24, while the Royal Blue'''s became a baggage/chair car with seating for 44.

On July 26, 1937, the Abraham Lincoln received the Royal Blues equipment, while the Abraham Lincolns original equipment was assigned to the Ann Rutledge. This consist included a 60-seat chair car (#5806) that the B&O had built in its own shops in 1936. Both of the consists had the first 64-seat chair car rebuilt into a buffet-lounge, while the lunch counter/diners became full dining cars.

The Gulf, Mobile and Ohio ordered additional chair and parlor cars from ACF in 1947 but otherwise made few changes to the trains' equipment. The new cars seated 68 and 31, respectively.

 Stations

See alsoAnn RutledgeLincoln ServiceRoyal Blue''

References

External links

Former Amtrak routes
Named passenger trains of the United States
Passenger rail transportation in Illinois
Passenger rail transportation in Missouri
Passenger trains of the Alton Railroad
Passenger trains of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Passenger trains of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad
North American streamliner trains
Railway services introduced in 1935
Railway services discontinued in 1978


The Yi River () is a tributary of the Luo River in the province of Henan, China.

The river rises in Luanchuan County, and then flows through the counties of Song and Yichuan before entering Luoyang city proper. It joins the Luo River at Yanshi.

The river's total length is 368 kilometres and it has a catchment basin of 6,100 square kilometres.

The Yi-Luo river basin is of major archaeological significance.

Rivers of Henan


Pashtunization (), also called Pathanization, is a process of cultural or linguistic change in which someone or something non-Pashtun becomes acculturated to Pashtun influence. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and second-largest in Pakistan.

Dynasties and settlements

People become Pashtunized when they settle in Pashtun-dominated areas and adopt Pashtun culture and language. Pashtunization is a specific form of cultural assimilation and has been taking place in Pashtun-populated regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan for several centuries.

The Khalaj were originally a Turkic tribe which had long domiciled in the Ghazni, Qalati Ghilji (also known as Qalati Khalji), and Zabulistan regions of present-day Afghanistan. They intermarried with the local Pashtuns and gradually adopted the Pashtun culture. Najib Bakran's geography, Jahān Nāma (c. 12001220), described the Khalaj as a "tribe of Turks" that had been going through a language shift. Some of them left the area during the Mongol invasion of Central Asia towards the Indian subcontinent, where they built empires such as the Khalji dynasty of Delhi. Because of their language shift and Pashtunization, the Khalji were looked upon as Pashtuns (Afghans) by the Turkic nobles of the Delhi Sultanate.

The Safi are also stated to be originally Dardic and spoke Pashayi language, who gradually Pashtunized after conversion to Islam. Other pashtunized Dardic tribes include Afridi, Swati and Shilmani.

Pashtunization may also refer to the settling of Pashtun tribes onto lands where non-Pashtun tribes live or more broadly the erosion of the customs, traditions and language of non-Pashtun peoples due to the political power and regional influence of the Pashtuns. This occurred in the Peshawar sub-region in the early 16th century, during the period of the Suri dynasty of Delhi. It intensified in the mid-18th century under Pashtun emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani, when he conquered non-Pashtun territories and established the Durrani Empire. During the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan in the late 19th century, some Pashtuns settled in the north of the country, while Tajiks from the north were brought to the south. This was done for political reason, mainly to prevent  Russian invasion. In the meantime, thousands of Hazaras left Hazarajat to settle in Quetta (now in Pakistan) and Mashad in what is now Iran, after Abdur Rahman Khan's depredations in the aftermath of 1888–1893 Uprisings of Hazaras.

Modern influences
Some Pashtunization attempts were later made in the early part of the 20th century by the Musahiban. Many non-Pashtuns living in close proximity with Pashtuns have been Pashtunized. For example, in the central Ghor Province, some southern groups of Aimaqs have adopted Pashto language. In the eastern Laghman Province and Nangarhar Province, many Pashayi are bilingual in Pashto.

See also

Afghan (ethnonym)
Name of Afghanistan
Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Afghan Arabs
Afghanistanism
Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan
Hindu Pathans in India

Notes

External links

Ethnicity and Tribe
Language and Literacy

Pashtun culture
Social history of Pakistan
Social history of Afghanistan
Cultural assimilation
Pakistani culture
Balochistan
Pashtun society


The Black Swan is the third studio album by American rock band Story of the Year.

Background and recording
Story of the Year's second album In the Wake of Determination was released in October 2005 through major label Maverick Records. By July 2006, the band had accumulated nine-and-a-half new tracks for their next album. They spent the following five months working on a live DVD until February 2007, when work began on a new album in earnest. During this time, Maverick Records folded and was incorporated into another major label, who opted to drop the band from their contract.

On October 29, 2007, it was announced that the band had signed to independent label Epitaph Records. In addition, it was mentioned that the band were in the studio with producer John Feldmann, aiming to release their next album in spring 2008. The band explained the switch to an independent: "If a band doesn't have a mega bubble–gum shiny pop hit, chances are the label will not even put the record out, much less push it. To [us], it just doesn't seem like a very cool environment to be in". The sessions with Feldmann at Foxy Studios resulted in "Wake Up", "Tell Me (P.A.C.)", "Message to the World", and "Terrified"; Matt Appleton and Kyle Moorman served as engineers. Michael Baskette, who produced the remaining songs, aided with the group's drum sound, knowing when to make a certain hit sound harder. Sessions with Baskette occurred at Studio Barbarosa in Bavon, Virginia. Dave Holdredge acted as his engineer, while Jeff Moll did digital editing. Recording was reportedly finished by the end of December. Chris Lord-Alge mixed "Wake up", while the remaining songs were mixed by Baskette and Holdredge at Barbarosa; Ted Jensen mastered the album at Sterling Sound.

Composition
Marsala said it had the heavy tone of Determination and the melodic/poppy nature of Page Avenue, drawing comparisons to Underoath, Alexisonfire and BoySetsFire. The album was named after Nassim Nicholas Taleb's book, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, on unpredictable events and randomness. One theme found in a few of the songs ("Wake Up", "Terrified", and in particular "Pale Blue Dot (Interlude)") is the concept that human existence is insignificant in comparison to the universe as a whole, and that wars, fighting and killing seem pointless.

Opener "Choose Your Fate" is an anti-George W. Bush track that is reminiscent of Atreyu with its breakdowns and melodic-screamo bridge section. It was similar in style to the band's "Divide and Conquer" (from Page Avenue) and "March of the Dead" (from Determination). "Angel in the Swamp" takes influence from the Movielife, touching on pop punk, and concluding with Queens of the Stone Age-esque guitar work. Marsala wrote it in response to a message he received on Myspace. The sender relayed that she had been in an abusive household and was having problems; she mentioned that the only thing that was helping her was the group's music.

"We're Not Gonna Make It" talks about a couple in a biracial-relationship; its chorus recalled the Page Avenue single "Anthem of Our Dying Day". The piano ballad "Terrified" is a lo-fi track the channels Funeral for a Friend, specifically their song "History". The track "Pale Blue Dot (Interlude)" was inspired by the famous photograph of the same name and features an excerpt from astronomer Carl Sagan's book Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space read by its author. "Welcome to Our New War" was compared to Bullet for My Valentine.

Release
On January 26, 2008, The Black Swan was announced for release in April, and "Wake Up" was made available for streaming. The album's artwork and track listing were revealed two days later. "Wake Up" was released to radio on February 19. On April 2, the music video for it premiered on MTV; it sees the band performing in an abandoned warehouse while people use spray-paint around them. In early April, the band appeared at the Bamboozle Left festival. The Black Swan was made available for streaming on April 15, 2008, before being released on April 22. Between June and August, the band performed on the 2008 Warped Tour. "Message to the World" was released to radio on July 1. The group toured as part of the 2008 Taste of Chaos European tour in October. The band performed at the Musink Festival in February 2009. A music video was released for "Terrified" on July 1, 2009; it trails a soldier in Iraq as his wife and daughter await his return home. Clips of the soldier are intermixed with video diary-style footage of his family.

Reception

The Black Swan was received favorable reviews from critics, many of whom praised the songwriting. AbsolutePunk staff member Drew Beringer felt that the album "re-energized the band" as it was packed with 13 songs that are "set to rock your balls off", creating the best material they could offer. Alternative Press writer Luke O'Neil remarked that people who enjoyed their debut "may be surprised at the consistently hard-edged power throughout" The Black Swan, as the band "still display a canny ear for pop at times". The staff at Chart Attack, who were not impressed with their second album, said that it "may be safe to say that SOTY are sounding more like their old selves again. They highlighted "Wake Up" and "Tell Me (P.A.C.)" as examples of the band "recaptur[ing] the catchiness of their songs, instead of just focusing on loud guitars and screaming". Melodic writer Henrik Holmgren remarked that the "first thing I notice is the sound, it almost shoots out of my speakers", going on to praise the musicianship and state that it was on par with their debut.

Rock Hard reviewer Marcus Schleutermann wrote that the guitar riffs,  "which are quite cool in themselves, the screams and the uptempo passages are so 'skillfully' integrated in terms of production that they don't really hurt". Cleveland Scene Michael Gallucci thought that it "drives home each and every point with ear-piercing screams, amp-shredding riffs, and world-in-crisis lyrics". The staff at Las Vegas Review-Journal commented that while it had its drawbacks, "such as a sound that’s almost too consistent between tracks as well as few lyrics that are automatically memorable; but fortunately, the songs are extremely tight".  Luisa Mateus of Gigwise posed the question: "Can you imagine taking all the bits of your exes that you like and combining them to make one hunk of a man? That’s pretty much what you get from this CD". Metal.de writer Heiko Eschenbach said that "musically it doesn't offer any major changes, but in the end it's far more than just solid". AllMusic reviewer Corey Apar wrote that although they seem "self-assured [...] all it really means is, well, The Black Swan is another Story of the Year album", mentioning that it would not convert any non-fans.

It debuted on the UK rock charts at number 6  and at number 18 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling about 21,000 copies in its first week. It is the band's highest charting release to date.

Track listing
All songs written by Story of the Year.

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

Story of the Year
 Dan Marsala – lead vocals
 Ryan Phillips – guitar
 Philip Sneed – guitar, backing vocals
 Adam Russell – bass guitar
 Josh Wills – drums

Additional musicians
 John Feldmann – additional string arrangements, percussion, keys, vocals
 Matt Appleton – additional keys, vocals
 Julian Feldmann – additional vocals (track 11)

Production
 Michael Baskette – producer (all except tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11), mixing (all except track 2)
 Dave Holdredge – mixing (all except track 2), engineer (all except tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11)
 Jef Moll – digital editing
 John Feldmann – producer (tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11), recording (tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11)
 Matt Appleton – engineer (tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11)
 Kyle Moorman – engineer (tracks 2, 4, 7 and 11)
 Chris Lord-Alge – mixing (track 2)
 Ted Jensen – mastering
 Studio One – swan logo
 Bryan Sheffield – band photography

Release history

Charts

References

External links

 The Black Swan at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

2008 albums
Epitaph Records albums
Story of the Year albums
Albums produced by John Feldmann
Albums produced by Michael Baskette


"You Beat Me to the Punch" is a soul single by Motown singer Mary Wells, released on the Motown label in 1962. It was co-written by Smokey Robinson of the Miracles, who was responsible for the majority of hits released by Wells - and another Miracles member, Ronnie White - while Wells was a Motown artist.

Following the success of the previous single, "The One Who Really Loves You", Motown released "You Beat Me to the Punch" shortly after it was produced and it performed similarly to "The One Who Really Loves You", becoming a Billboard Top 10 Pop smash, peaking at number nine on the pop chart and becoming her first number one hit on the Billboard R&B singles chart. It also won Wells a Grammy nomination for Best Rock and Roll Recording.

Like "The One Who Really Loves You" before it, the song was produced with a mock-calypso beat.
It inspired an  "answer" song by soul singer Gene Chandler called "You Threw A Lucky Punch" which used the same music and different lyrics and became a Pop and R&B chart hit that year.

Personnel
Lead vocal by Mary Wells
Background vocals by the Love Tones (Carl Jones, Joe Miles, and Stan Bracely)
Written and produced by Smokey Robinson and Ronnie White
Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

Trivia
In DTV, "You Threw A Lucky Punch" was set to Toby Tortoise Returns.
This song was used in the movie Boulevard Nights.

References

1962 singles
Mary Wells songs
Motown singles
Songs written by Smokey Robinson
Songs written by Ronald White
Song recordings produced by Smokey Robinson
1962 songs


The North American Guild of Change Ringers (NAGCR) was founded in 1972 after the hanging of a ring of bells in the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., United States, in 1964. The NAGCR has now grown and expanded to 52 bell towers across the United States (44 towers) and Canada (8 towers) as well as one mini-ring and 9 hand-bell groups with more than 500 members residing in North America. This organization performs the art of change ringing or method ringing, a form of campanology, in the towers and on hand-bells. This art uses mathematical sequences and patterns to change bell orders to carry out these sequences. Change ringing began in England in the 17th century.

The primary goals of the NAGCR are to improve communications among ringers in the United States and Canada, to raise to standards of change ringing, to improve North American ringers' contacts with ringers outside North America, extend the appreciation of change ringing among the general public, and to abide with the rules of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers which is located in the United Kingdom. It also sells products including learning aids in the form of books or audio, shirts, and other souvenirs. The NAGCR provides a book service and maintains videos for rent.

Membership
There are three categories of membership in the Guild.

Resident Membership is open to all resident North American ringers. Applications shall be accompanied by a letter of sponsorship confirming that the applicant is a bell ringer or is learning to ring either tower or hand-bells.  This is the only category of voting membership.
Associate Membership is open to any resident of North America who wishes to support the purposes of the Guild. For this category of membership no sponsorship or ringing requirement is necessary.
Non-Resident Life Membership is available to ringers not resident in North America.

The Clapper
The Guild publishes a quarterly newsletter, The Clapper, that conducts ringing courses and distributes information about change ringing in North America. This service is provided to all membership levels excluding non-resident life membership. The Clapper is available in both a mailed and an electronic version.

Officers
The Officers of the Guild consist of a President, a Treasurer, a Membership Secretary, a Newsletter Editor, a Peal Secretary, an Education Officer, and a Public Relations Officer. All Officers must be and have been Resident Members of the Guild for a minimum of two years continuously and immediately prior to standing for election. Officers are elected for one year terms.

Annual General Meeting (AGM)
An Annual General Meeting is held annually in late Summer or early Autumn and consists of a business meeting, and nomination of officers for the next year.  The AGM is usually held where there is a bell tower where changes can be rung.  In addition to the business aspects, the event usually includes a ringing course, opportunities for visitors to ring, and social activities.

See also
 The Australian and New Zealand Association of Bellringers

References
Daniel J. Wakin, "From 12 Ropes and Bells, a River of Sound Over Wall St.," New York Times (Sept. 5, 2009).

External links
Official website

Music organizations based in the United States
Organizations based in North America
Bell ringing organizations


Qiao Xing () is the first Chinese telephone manufacturer listed on the NASDAQ. It is the American arm of Cosun Group.

History

Cosun Group was incorporated in April 1992 as a traditional fixed-line telephone maker in China. Headquartered in Huizhou, the company has two US-listed arms: Qiao Xing Mobile Communication and Qiao Xing Universal Telephone, Inc. (Nasdaq: XING).

In March 2002, Cosun Group spent CNY 316 million acquiring CECT.

References

External links

Manufacturing companies of China
Companies with year of establishment missing
Companies based in Huizhou


Comilla Victoria Government College is a college in Comilla, Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest and renowned colleges in Comilla as well as in Chittagong division. The college is located beside of Ranir Dighi on 32 acres of land including its intermediate and honors section.

History

The College was established in 1899 by Roy Bahadur Ananda Chandra Roy. Sattendranath Boshu was the first principal of the college and remained in that position until he died

Fazlul Karim was the first Muslim teacher of this college in 1937. He later became the Vice Principal of the college in 1958 until his retirement in 1972 when the college was made a government college.

Academics
At present, the college has 15,000 students and 147 teachers, of whom 36 are women.

Freedom fighters
Many students of Comilla Victoria College joined the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971. A memorial has been built inside the campus commemorating the sublime contribution of these freedom fighters.

Housing

Comilla Victoria College has five dormitories: four for boys and one for girls. About 1,000 students reside in these dormitories.

Faculty
There are currently four departments under Comilla Victoria Government University College.

Cultural
The educational institution has been festive every day in the activities of 13 cultural organizations. These organizations are also leading national and local level cultural fields. The students of BNCC (Army), BNCC (Air Force), Red Crescent, Victoria College Bitorko Parishad, Victoria College Theater, Rover Scouts, Campus Barta, Blood Donor Organization, Nongar, Botany Society, Career Club and Science Club are conducting cultural and social work of college.

Notable alumni
 Ashab Uddin Ahmad, a Bangladeshi writer, educator and politician. He was a member of the East Bengal Legislative Assembly for the United Front, and a Communist activist. In 2005, he was posthumously awarded the Ekushey Padak for his contributions to literature, which include 24 published books in Bengali and English.
 Muzaffar Ahmed Advisor of Provisional Government of Bangladesh in 1971
 Sachin Dev Burman, music director of Indian Bollywood film industry.
 Abu Osman Chowdhury, Lieutenant Colonel
 Fazlul Halim Chowdhury (1 August 1930–9 April 1996) was the longest-serving (1976–1983) vice-chancellor of Dhaka University. He passed HSC exam from this college in science in 1947.
 Kamal Dasgupta, a twentieth-century Bengali music director, composer and folk artist.
 Santi Ghose, is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.
 Ajit Kumar Guha a Bengali educationist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2013 posthumously by the Government of Bangladesh.
 Kazi Shamsul Hoque, a journalist, editor of weekly Akhon Samoy, New York City, United States passed B.A. from this college.
 Dewan Sirajul Huq, Former Member of Parliament from Comilla-4(Now Brahmanbaria-4) and one of the founding members of Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
 Syed Mahmud Hossain is a Bangladeshi lawyer and jurist who is currently the 22nd Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
 Mustafa Kamal is the current finance minister of Bangladesh.
 Abdus Suttar Khan, a Bangladeshi Oxford Scholar and aerospace researcher.
 Rural development propagator and Ramon Magsaysay Award winner Akhtar Hameed Khan was a principal of the college in the 1950s.
 Masud Ali Khan, a Bangladeshi television, film and stage actor.
 Ramendu Majumdar, actor, stage director, and theatre producer
 Advaita Mallabarmana, an Indian Bengali writer. He is mostly known for his novel Titash Ekti Nadir Naam
 Rafiqul Islam Miah is an ex-minister of Bangladesh.
 Bidya Sinha Saha Mim is a Bangladeshi actress and model.
 Abdul Awal Mintoo, passed HSC exam from this institute in 1966 in science group.
 Mujibul Haque Mujib, a member of the Bangladeshi parliament for the constituency of Comilla-11 and was the former Minister for Railways of Bangladesh.
 Salauddin Mumtaz was a military officer who fought for the Bangladeshi side in the 1971 Bangladeshi War of Independence and was also posthumously given the title Bir Uttom.
 Khan Sarwar Murshid, educationist and diplomat
 A B M Musa, a Bengali journalist. He was the chief editor of Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS). He was awarded Ekushey Padak for journalism in 1999 by the Government of Bangladesh.
 Mijanur Rahman, vice-chancellor of Jagannath University from 2013 to 2021, passed his HSC from this college in 1975.
 Sachindra Lal Singh - 1st Chief Minister of Tripura state .
 AB Siddique, a drafter of the Constitution of Bangladesh and member of parliament
 Arfanul Haque Rifat is a Bangladeshi politician and Mayor of Comilla.

Gallery

See also
 List of Educational Institutions in Comilla
 Dhaka City College

References

External links

College website

1899 establishments in British India
Colleges affiliated to National University, Bangladesh
Education in Cumilla
Colleges in Comilla District
Comilla Victoria Government College


An immigration tariff or migrant levy is a charge levied on immigrants wanting permanent residency within a nation. As a means of applying price theory to a nation's immigration policy, it is generally advocated as an alternative to existing bureaucratic procedures as a means of moderating or better regulating the flow of immigration to a given level.

There are pros and cons of having a migrant levy. It generates revenue for the government of the host country. However, it serves as a financial burden to immigrants, which in turn serves as a barrier on immigration. From a neoliberal economics perspective, it also serves as an economic inefficiency (as do any other government interventions into immigration).

The International Labour Organization describes migrant levies in the following way:
"Some governments of labour-receiving countries earn sizeable revenues through levies on firms employing foreign workers, the burden of which may partly or fully be passed on to the workers themselves. Malaysia and Singapore are examples of countries using selective levies."

Alex Nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst, wrote a policy analysis arguing for immigration tariffs for the Competitive Enterprise Institute.

The idea of an immigration tariff frequently associated with American economist Gary Becker, who stated, "When I mention this to people, they sometimes go hysterical."

In March 2015 the Australian government launched an inquiry into the use of an immigration tariff as an alternative to existing immigration arrangements.

See also
 Tariff
 Green card
 Permanent residency
 Travel visa
 Immigration law
 Gary Becker
 Eric Weinstein
 Immigrant investor programs
 Economic citizenship

References

External links
 Eric Weinstein on use of the price mechanism to create markets for immigration (2002).
 Becker expounding upon the immigration tariff
 Australian Liberal Democrats promote immigration tariff
 Article in The Economist examines immigration tariffs

Immigration
Customs duties


The Sharper Your Knife, the Less You Cry: Love, Laughter and Tears at the World's Most Famous Cooking School is a New York Times best-selling memoir with recipes by American writer Kathleen Flinn. It was first published by the Viking Press on October 4, 2007, .

In this non-fiction narrative, the 36-year-old author loses her corporate job, cashes in her savings and heads to Paris to study at the Le Cordon Bleu cooking school. It is notable in being the first book-length account of the experience of attending the famous school. Throughout the book, Flinn intersperses dozens of recipes, accounts of her "wretchedly inadequate" French, stories of competitive classmates and the love story of her emerging relationship with her husband. Early in the book, she shares that she began dreaming of attending the famous cooking school while writing obituaries at The Sarasota Herald-Tribune. The Seattle Times referred to the book "a very personal memoir of transformation, as well as an insider's look at Le Cordon Bleu, the first of its kind." The book earned generally positive reviews on its debut and earned a spot on The New York Times bestseller list as well as being included on numerous "best of" lists for 2007. The film rights to the work were purchased by a television division of 20th Century Fox in 2008.

The Sharper Your Knife, the Less You Cry was a Finalist for the Washington State Book Award in General Nonfiction in 2008. It has since been translated into nine languages.

References

External links
Le Cordon Bleu Home page
Kathleen Flinn web site

American memoirs
2007 non-fiction books


"Everything Happens For The Best" is a song written by Billie Holiday.

Recording session
Session #35: New York, March 21, 1939 on the Vocalion label, Billie Holiday & Her Orchestra with ‘Hot Lips’ Page (trumpet), Tab Smith, Kenneth Hollon, Stanley Payne (saxophone), Kenny Kersey (piano), Jimmy McLin (guitar), John Williams (bass) Eddie Dougherty (drums), Billie Holiday (vocals).

The lyrics were written by Scott Billington and Lindsay Ellison.

References

1939 songs
Billie Holiday songs
Songs written by Billie Holiday


Tiny Mirrors is the first full-length recording by Sandro Perri. It was released in 2007 via Constellation Records.

Critical reception
PopMatters wrote that the album "initially sounds like coffee shop fodder, but reveals itself to be nothing so timid and plain." Exclaim! wrote: "Daring and remarkably coherent, Tiny Mirrors is the prettiest art rock record out of Toronto's underground in years." Pitchfork called the album "tropically tranquil."

Track listing
 "Family Tree" - 3:36
 "City of Museums" - 3:06
 "Double Suicide" - 5:49
 "The Drums" - 3:27
 "Everybody's Talkin'" - 4:50
 "The Mime" - 4:18
 "You're the One" - 4:38
 "White Flag Blues" - 4:43
 "Love Is Real" - 4:30
 "Mirror Tree" - 2:39

References

Sandro Perri albums
2007 albums
Constellation Records (Canada) albums


Filippo Mancini (born 13 October 1990) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Career

Internazionale
Son of former footballer Roberto Mancini, Filippo was born in Genoa when Roberto was playing for Sampdoria. He joined Internazionale's Allievi Regionali team in 2005, when his father was the head coach of the first team. He made his first team debut coming on for the last 10 minutes in a 3–0 win against Reggina in the return leg of the 2007–08 Coppa Italia round of 16.

Reserve career
On 31 January 2008, Internazionale announced to have loaned him to Manchester City. He was released by Inter in July 2008. In the 2008–09 season he left for Monza along with his younger brother Andrea (who had one year left on his contract with Inter and was loaned to Monza). Filippo was played for Monza's Berretti Under-20 squad. That season Inter also loaned several players to the Monza reserve side, namely, Paolo Campinoti, Luca D'Errico, Nicolò De Cesare, Giovanni Kyeremateng, Domenico Maiese, Niccolò Scaccabarozzi, Davide Tremolada and Maximiliano Uggè. The Berretti team finished as the runner-up of the league.

On August 2009 he was announced as having been signed by Lega Pro Seconda Divisione outfit Bellaria–Igea.

On 30 August 2010, he was signed by Virtus Entella.

He returned to Manchester City in 2011 with the reserve team.
He played for the reserves (called Elite Development Squad) in 2012–13 season.

In June 2013 he was released by Manchester City and became a free agent.

Honours
Inter Primavera (Youth/Reserve Side)
Campionato Nazionale Primavera (runner-up): 2008

Monza Berretti (Youth/Reserve Side)
Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti (runner-up): 2009

References

External links
 Profile at AIC.Football.it

Living people
1990 births
Footballers from Genoa
Men's association football forwards
Italian men's footballers
Inter Milan players
Manchester City F.C. players
AC Monza players
AC Bellaria Igea Marina players
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England


"Two Lovers" is a single released in 1962 by Mary Wells on the Motown record label. The song was the third consecutive hit to be both written and produced by Smokey Robinson of The Miracles and recorded by Mary Wells, the two previous charters being "The One Who Really Loves You" and "You Beat Me to the Punch." The song's cleverly devised lyrics at first appear to be about a girl singing to one lover who is "sweet and kind" and a second who treats her bad and makes her sad; eventually, the girl reveals that the two lovers are actually the same person. The song became Wells's most successful release to date, reaching #1 on the Billboard R&B chart and #7 on the Billboard pop chart. Its success would be eclipsed two years later by the singer's most successful release, "My Guy."

Cash Box said that "Two Lovers" is "in the soft beat cha cha groove of her recent smasheroo, 'You Beat Me to the Punch'" and said that Wells sings "against an attention-getting ork-choral backdrop, that she has a 'Two Lovers' problem in her split-personality guy."

Personnel
Lead and harmony vocals by Mary Wells
Background vocals by The Love Tones (Joe Miles and Stan Bracely, with Eddie Kendricks of The Temptations)
Written and produced by Smokey Robinson
Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

Covers

Louise Cordet covered the song in 1964 in a Decca session with Jimmy Page.
Steve Goodman covered the song on his 1977 Say It In Private album and in concert.
Dolly Parton covered the song on her 1987 pop album Rainbow.
La Toya Jackson covered the song along with "My Guy" on her 1995 Motown cover album, Stop in the Name of Love.
The Disney Channel featured the song in a DTV music video set entirely to clips from the 1936 Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Rival, and was featured on the VHS DTV: Love Songs.

See also
List of number-one R&B singles of 1963 (U.S.)

References

1962 singles
Mary Wells songs
Motown singles
Songs written by Smokey Robinson
Song recordings produced by Smokey Robinson
1962 songs